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5iUilitlll  %tXUM, 


DICTIONARY 


MEDICAL    SCIENCE; 


CONTAINING 

A  CONCISE  EXPLANATION  OF  THE  VARIOUS  SUBJECTS  AND  TERMS  OF  PHYSIOLOGY,  PATHOLOGY, 

HYGIENE,  THERAPEUTICS,  PHARMACOLOGY,  OBSTETRICS,  MEDICAL  JURISPRUDENCE,  &v., 

WITH  THE  FRENCH  AND  OTHER  SYNONYMES ;  NOTICES  OF  CLIMATE,  AND  OF 

CELEBRATED  MINERAL  WATERS;  FORMULiE  FOR  VARIOUS  OFFICINAL, 

EMPIRICAL,  AND  DIETETIC  PREPARATIONS,  ETC. 


KOBLEY  DUNGLISON,  M.D.,LL.D., 

eUOFIiSSOS  OP  THE  INSTITUTES  OP  MEDICINE,  ETC.,  IN  JEFFERSON  MEDICAL  COIiEQE,   PHILADELPHIA, 
■VICE-PKESIDENT  OP  THE  AMERICAN  PHILOSOPHICAL  SOCIETT,  ETC.  ETC. 


THIRTEENTH  EDITION,  REVISED. 


PHILADELPHIA: 

BLANCH  A  RD    AND    LEA. 

1856. 


Entered,  according  to  the  Act  of  Congress,  in  the  year  1851,  by 
BLANCHARDANDLEA, 

in  the  Office  of  the  Clerk  of  the  District  Court  of  the  United  States,  in  and  for  tLe 
Eastern  District  of  Pennsylvania. 

Printed  ty  T.  K  &  P.  G.  Collirs. 


PEEFACE  TO  THE  EIGHTH  EDITION. 


In  issuing  a  new  edition  of  his  Dictionary  the  Author  has,  again,  the  pleasure 
to  express  his  acknowledgments  for  the  reception  it  has  met  with  from  the  profes- 
sion. The  last  two  editions  comprised  about  nine  thousand  subjects  and  terms  not 
contained  in  the  edition  immediately  preceding,  many  of  which  had  been  introduced 
into  medical  terminology  in  consequence  of  the  progress  of  the  science,  and  others 
had  escaped  him  in  the  previous  revisions. 

That  the  author  has  not  suffered  his  exertions  to  diminish,  in  the  preparation  of 
the  present  edition,  is  sufficiently  manifested  by  the  fact,  that  he  has  added  about 
four  thousand  terms,  which  are  not  to  be  found  in  the  last.  These  additions 
have  necessarily,  required  a  great  amount  of  labour,  which  has  been  cheerfully  be- 
stowed, however,  in  order  that  the  work  might  be  rendered  still  more  worthy  of  the 
vast  favour  which  it  has  experienced.  It  has  been  the  anxious  desire  of  the  author 
to  make  it  a  satisfactory  and  desirable — if  not  indispensable — lexicon,  in  which  the 
student  may  search  without  disappointment  for  every  term  that  has  been  legitimated 
in  the  nomenclature  of  the  science ;  and  the  present  very  carefully  revised,  greatly 
enlarged,  and  accurately  printed  edition  cannot  fail  to  be  more  extensively  useful, 
and  to  offer  stronger  claims  to  the  attention  of  the  practitioner  and  student,  than 
any  of  its  predecessors. 

BOBLEY  DUNGLISON. 

Philadelphia,  18  Girard  Street. 


Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 

in  2010  with  funding  from 

Open  Knowledge  Commons 


http://www.archive.org/details/medicallexicondi13dung 


EXTKACT  FROM  THE 


PREFACE  TO  THE  SECOND  EDITION. 


The  present  undertaking  was  suggested  by  the  frequent  complaints,  made  by  the 
author's  pupils,  that  they  were  unable  to  meet  with  information  on  numerous  topics 
of  professional  inquiry, — especially  of  recent  introduction, — in  the  medical  diction- 
aries accessible  to  them.  It  may,  indeed,  be  correctly  affirmed,  that  we  have  no 
dictionary  of  medical  subjects  and  terms  which  can  be  looked  upon  as  adapted  to  the 
state  of  the  science.  In  proof  of  this,  the  author  need  but  remark,  that  he  has  found 
occasion  to  add  several  thousand  medical  terms,  which  are  not  to  be  met  with  in  the 
only  medical  lexicon  at  this  time  in  circulation  in  the  country. 

The  author's  object  has  not  been  to  make  a  mere  lexicon  or  dictionary  of  terms, 
but  to  afford,  under  each,  a  condensed  view  of  its  various  medical  relations,  and  thus 
to  render  the  work  an  epitome  of  the  existing  condition  of  medical  science.  In  its 
^preparation,  he  has  freely  availed  himself  of  the  English,  French,  and  German 
works  of  the  same  nature,  and  has  endeavoured  to  add  every  subject  and  term  of 
recent  introduction,  which  has  fallen  under  his  notice ;  yet,  with  all  his  care,  it  will 
doubtless  be  found  that  subjects  have  been  omitted.  The  numerous  additions,  how- 
ever, which  he  has  made,  and  his  strong  desire  to  be  useful,  "  by  removing  rubbish 
and  clearing  obstructions  from  the  paths  through  which  learning  and  genius  press 
forward  to  conquest  and  glory,"  will,  he  trusts,  extenuate  these  and  other  objections 
that  might  be  urged  against  the  work ;  especially  when  the  toil,  which  every  com- 
piler of  a  dictionary  must  endure,  is  taken  into  consideration ;  a  toil  which  has  been 
so  forcibly  depicted  by  the  great  English  Lexicographer,  as  well  as  by  the  distin- 
guished Scaltger: 

"  Si  quelqu'un  a  eommis  quelque  crime  odieux, 
S'il  a  tue  son  pere,  ou  blaspheme  les  Dieus, 
Qu'il  fafse  un  Lexicon:  s'il  est  supplies  au  monde 
'  Qui  le  punisse  mieus,  je  veux  que  Ton  me  tonde." 


EXPLANATION, 


If  the  simple  synonymy  of  any  term  be  needed,  a  mere  reference  to  the  term 
may  be  sufficient ;  but  if  farther  information  be  desired,  it  may  be  obtained  under 
the  term  referred  to.  For  example,  the  French  word  Tronc  is  said  to  be  synony- 
mous with  Trunk.  This  may  be  sufficient  for  the  inquirer:  should  it  not,  the 
requisite  information  may  be  found  by  turning  to  Trunk. 


ABBREVIATIONS  ARBITRARILY  EMPLOYED. 


Arab. 

Arabic. 

Ch. 

Chaussier. 

D. 

Dutch. 

Da. 

Danish. 

E. 

English. 

F. 

French. 

F.  or  Fah. 

Fahrenheit 

Fam. 

Family. 

Gr. 

Grerman. 

Heb. 

Hebrew. 

I. 

Italian. 

It. 

Irish. 

L. 

Latin. 

Linn. 

Linnaeus. 

Nat.  Ord. 

Natural  Order. 

P. 

Portuguese. 

Ph.D. 

Pharmacopoeia  of  Dublin. 

Ph.E. 

It 

Edinburgh. 

Ph.L. 

C( 

London. 

Ph.  P. 

i( 

Paris. 

Ph.  U.  S. 

u 

of  the  Uni- 
ted   States 
of  America. 

R. 

Reaumur. 

S. 

Spanish. 

S.g. 

Specific  G-ravity. 

Sax. 

A.nglo-Saxon. 

Sex.  Syst. 

Sexual  System. 

Sw. 

Swedish. 

NEW    DICTIONARY 


MEDICAL    SCIENCE. 


A. 


ABBREVIATION 


A,  before  a  consonant;  An  before  a  vowel,  a,  av, 
have,  in  the  compound  medical  terms,  a  privative 
or  debasing  signification,  like  that  of  the  particles 
in,  im,  un,  ir,  in  English.  Thus:  Stheni'a  means 
Strength; — Astheni'a,  want  of  strength; — AncB- 
mia,  want  of  blood,  &c.  Occasionally,  in  com- 
pound words,  they  have  an  intensive  meaning. 

AACHEN,  Aix-la-Chapelle. 

A,  or  II.     See  Abbreviation. 

AARZHIL,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  A. 
is  in  the  canton  of  Berne  in  Switzerland.  The 
chief  spring  contains  chlorides  of  calcium  and 
Sijdium,  sulphates  of  lime  and  soda,  oxyd  of  iron, 
and  sulphohydric  acid  gas. 

AASMUS,  Anhelatio. 

ABACH,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  A  hydro- 
sulphuretted  saline  spring,  not  fiir  from  Ratisbon 
or  Regentsberg  in  Bavaria. 

ABAISSEMENT,  Depression:  see  Cataract— 
a.  de  la  Ifatrice,  Prolapsus  uteri. 

ABAISSEUR  BE  L'AILE  BU  NEZ,  De- 
pressor alse  nasi — a.  de  Vanfjle  des  levres,  De- 
pressor anguli  oris  —  a.  de  la  livre  inferieure, 
Depressor  labii  inferioris — a.  de  la  niuchoire  in- 
ferieure, Digastricus — a.  de  I'ceil,  Rectus  inferior 
oeuli. 

ABALIENATIO  MENTIS,  Insanity. 

ABALIENA'TUS.  Co/t»^3'<hs,  Corrupted;  from 
oh,  and  alienus,  'diiferent.'  Membra  ahaliena'ta. 
Limbs  dead  or  benumbed.  —  Celsus,  Scribonius 
Largus. 

ABANGrA.  Name  given  by  the  inhabitants  of 
St.  Thomas  to  the  fruit  of  a  palm  tree,  the  seeds 
of  which  they  consider  very  useful  in  diseases  of 
the  chest,  in  the  dose  of  three  or  four,  two  or 
three  times  a  day. 

ABAPTIST'A.  Abaptistonor Abaptis'tiim, from 
a,  privative,  and  ^airriE^uv,  'to  plunge.'  A  term 
applied  to  the  old  trepan,  the  conical  shape  of 
which  prevented  it  from  plunging  suddenly  into 
the  cavity  of  the  cranium. 

ABAPTISTON,  Abaptista. 

ABAPTISTUM,  Abaptista. 

ABAREMO-TEMO.  A  Brazilian  tree,  which 
grows  in  the  mountains,  and  appears  to  bo  a 
mimosa.  Piso  relates  that  the  decoction  of  its 
bark,  which  is  bitter  and  astringenty  was  applied 
in  that  country,  to  ulcers  of  a  bad  character. 

ABARNAHAS,  Magnesia. 

ABARTICULATIO,  Diarthrosis  and  Synar- 
throsis. 

ABATARBISSENENT,  Degeneration. 

ABATTEMENT,  Prostration. 

ABATTIS,  Giblets. 
3 


ABBECOURT,  MINERAL  WATERS  OP.  A 
chalybeate  spring,  six  leagues  from  Paris,  and 
one  from  Poissy.  It  was  once  much  frequented, 
but  is  now  abandoned. 

ABBEVILLE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  An 
acidulous  chalybeate  at  Abbeville,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  Somme,  France. 

ABBREVIA'TION,  Abbrevia'tio,  Brachyn'sis, 
Brachys'mos,  Abbreviatu'ra.  (F.)  Abreviation, 
from  brevis,  'short.'  Abbreviations  are  chiefly 
used  in  medicinal  formulae.  They  are  by  no 
means  as  frequently  employed  now  as  of  old,  when 
every  article  had  its  appropriate  symbol.  The 
chief  abbreviations  now  adopted  are  the  following : 

R.  Eecipe,  Take. 

A.  U,  ANA,  {ava)  utriusque,  of  each. 
Abbom.  Abdomen. 

Abs.  Febe.  Absentefebre.  In  the  absence  of  fever. 
Ad.  or  Add.  Addc  or  addatitr. 
Ad  Lib.  Ad  libitum,  At  pleasure. 
Admov.  Admoveatur,  Let  it  be  applied. 
Alteen.  Hoe.  Altemis  horis.  Every  other  hour. 
Alv.  Adsteict.  Alvo  adstrictd,  The  bowels  be- 
ing confined. 

Aq.  Aqua,  Water. 

Aq.  Comm.  Aqua  communis.  Common  water. 
Aq.  Font.  Aqua  fontis,  Spring  water. 
Aq.  Bull.  Aqua  buUiens,  Boiling  water. 
Aq.  Ferv.  Aquafervens,  Hot  water. 
Aq.  Marin.  Aqua  marina,  Sea  water^ 

B.  A.  Balneum  arencB,  A  sand-bath. 
Bals.  Balsamum,  Balsam. 

BB.  BBDS.  Barbadensis,  Bai'badoes, 

Bib.  Bibe,  Drink. 

Bis  ind.  Bis  indies.  Twice  daily. 

B.  M.  Balneum.  maricB,  A  salt  water  bath- 

BoL.  Bolus. 

Bull.  Bulliat,  Let  it  boil. 

But.  Butyrum,  Butter. 

B.  V.  Balneum  vaporis,  A  vapour-bath. 
C^RUL.  Cceruleus,  Blue. 

Cap.  Capiat,  Let  him  take. 

C.  C.  Oornu  cervi.  Hartshorn. 

C.  C.  U.  Cornu  cervi  ustum,  Surnt  hartsbomv 

C.  M.  Cras  man^.  To-morrow  morning. 

C.  N.  Cras  nocte,  To-morrow  night. 

C.  V.  Cms  vespiere.  To-morrow  evsning. 

CoCHL.  Cocldeare,  A  spoonful. 

CocHL.  Ampl.  Cocldeare  amplum,  A  larjja 
spoonful. 

CocHL.  Inf.  Cochleare  infantum,  A  child's 
spoonful. 

CocHL.  Mod.  or  Med.  Cochleare  modicvi^  o' 
medium.,  A  dessert-spoonful. 

'Z3) 


ABBREVIATION 


34 


ABBREVIATION 


CoCHL.  Pae V.  OocJileareparvum,  A  tea-spoonful. 
Col.  Cola,  and   Colatura,  Strain,  and  to  the 
strained, 

CoMP.  Compositus,  Compound. 
CoNF.  Oonfectio,  Confection. 
Cons.  Conserva,  Conserve. 
CoNT.  Continuetur,  Let  It  be  continued. 
CoQ.  Coque,  Boil. 
CORT.  Cortex,  Bark. 
Crast.  Crastinus,  For  to-morrow. 
Cuj.  Cujus,  Of  whicli. 
CtrjusL.  Oujuslibet,  Of  any. 
CyATH.  Oyathus,  A  glassful. 
Cyath.  The^,  a  cup  of  tea. 
D.  Bosts,  A  dose. 

D.  et  S.  Detur  et  signetur,  [placed  at  the  end 
of  a  prescription.) 

D.  D.  Betur  ad.  Let  it  be  given  in  or  to. 
D.  D.  ViTE.  Betur  ad  vitrum.  Let  it  be  given 
in  a  glass. 

Deattr.  Pil.  Beaurentur  pilules,  Let  the  pills 
be  gilded. 

Deb.  Spiss.  Behita  spissitudo,  A  due  consist- 
ence. 

Dec.  Becanta,  Pour  off. 

Decub.  Becuhitus,  Lying  down,  going  to  bed. 
De  D.  in  D.  Be  die  in  diem.  From  day  to  day. 
Dej.  Alv.  Bejectiones  aloi,  Alvine  evacuations. 
Dep.  Bepuratus,  Purified. 
Det.  Betur,  Let  it  be  given. 
DiEB.  Altern.  Biebus  alternis,  Every  other  day. 
DiEB.  Tert.  Biebus  tertiis.  Every  third  day. 
Dig.  Bigeratur,  Let  it  be  digested. 
DiL.  Bilutus,  Dilute. 
Dim.  Bimidius,  One-half. 
DiST.  Bistilla,  Distil. 
Div.  Bivide,  Divide. 

DoNEC  Alv.  Soltit.  Fueb.  Bonec  ahus  aolnta 
fuerit.  Until  the  bowels  are  opened. 
Drach.  Braehma,  A  drachm. 
EjtrsD.  Ejusdem,  Of  the  same. 
Enem.  Enema,  A  clyster. 
ExHiB.  Exhibeatur,  Let  it  be  exhibited. 
Ext.  svper  AiiVT.  Extende  super  alutam,  Spread 
upon  leather. 
■,F.  Fiat,  Let  it  be  made. 
J'.  Pil.  Fiat  pilula.  Make  into  a  pill. 
F.  Ven^jS.  or  F.  VS.  Fiat  venassectio,  Let  bleed- 
ing be  performed. 

Feb.  Ddr.  Febre  durante.  The  fever  continuing. 
Fem.  Intern.  Femoribue  intemis,  To  the  inside 
of  the  thighs. 

Fist.  Armat.  Fistula  armata,  A  bag  and  pipe, 
a  clyster  pipe  and  bladder  fitted  for  use. 

Fl.  Fluidus,  and  Flores,  Fluid,  and  Flowers. 
Frust.  Frustillatim,  In  small  pieces. 
Gel.  Quavis,   Gelatind  qudvis.  In  any  kind 
■of  jelly. 

Gr.  G.  G.  Gummi  guttcB  GambioB,  Gamboge. 
Gr.  •'Granum,  A  grain. 
Gtt.  Gutta,  A  drop. 

Gtt.  or  Gutt.  Quibusd.  Guttia  quib^wdamiWith 
-some  drops. 

Gum.  Gummi,  Gum. 
GuTTAT.  Guttatim,  By  drops. 
HoR.  Decub.  Ilord  decubitus,  At  bed-time. 
HoR.  Interm.  Horia  intermediis.  At  interme- 
diate hours. 

H.  S.  Hoi-d  Bomni,  At  bed-time. 
Inf.  Infunde,  Infuse. 
Tnd.  Indies,  Daily. 

Inj.  Enem.  Lijicialur  enema.  Let  a  clyster  be 
given. 

In  Pulm.  In  pulmento.  In  gruel. 

.Igl.  Julepus,  A  julep. 

Lat.  Dol.  Lateri  dolenti,  To  the  pained  side. 

Lb.  and  Lib.  Libra,  A  pound  weight. 

Lib.  Llb,  Libra,  Pounds. 


LiQ.  Liquor. 

M.  Misce,  Mix. 

Mac.  Macera,  Macerate. 

Man.  Manipidus,  A  handful. 

Man.  Prim.  Maii^  prima,  Early  in  the  morning. 

Mic.  Pan.  iMica  paiiia,  Crumb  of  bread. 

MiN.  Minimum,  The  60th  part  of  a  drachm  by 
measure. 

Mitt.  Mitte,  Send. 

Mitt.  Sang.  Mittatur  sanguis.  Let  blood  be 
drawn. 

Mod.  Prescript.  Modo  prceacripto,  In  the 
manner  directed. 

MoR.  Sol.  More  aolito.  In  the  naaal  manner. 

Muc.  Mucilago,  Mucilage. 

N.  M.  Nux  moschata.  Nutmeg. 

0.  Octarius,  A  pint. 

01.  Oleum,  Oil. 

Ol.  Lini,  S.  I.  Oleum  lini  sine  igne,  Cold-drawn 
linseed  oil. 

Omn.  Bid.  Omni  hiduo,  Every  two  days. 

Omn.  Bih.  Omni  bihorio.  Every  two  hours. 

Omn.  Hor.  Omni  hord.  Every  hour. 

Omn.  Man.  Omni  mane,  Every  morning. 

Omn.  Nocte,  Every  night. 

Omn.  Quadr.  Hor.  Omni  quadrante  Tiorte, 
Every  quarter  of  an  hour. 

0.  0.  0.  Oleum  olivcB  optimum..  Best  olive  oil. 

Ov.  Ovum,  An  egg. 

Ox.  Oxymel. 

Oz.  Uncia,  An  ounce. 

P.  Pondere,  By  weight. 

P.  and  Pug.  Pngillus,  A  pugil. 

P.  2&.  Partes  asquales.  Equal  parts. 

Part.  Vic.  Partitis  vicibus.  In  divided  doses. 

Peract.  Op.  Emet.  Peractd  operatione  emetici. 
The  operation  of  the  emetic  being  over. 

Pil.  Pilula,  A  pill. 

Post  Sing.  Sed.  Liq.  Post  singidaa  sedea 
liquidas,  After  every  liquid  evacuation. 

Pot.  Potio,  A  potion. 

P.  P.  Pulvis  patrum,  Jesuits*  bark. 

P.  Rat.  ^tat.  Pro  ratione  cetatis,  According 
to  the  age. 

P.  R.  N.  Pro  re  natd,  As  occasion  may  be. 

PuLT.  Pulvis,  A  powder. 

Q.  P.  Quantum  placeat.  As  much  as  may  please. 

Q.  S.  Quantum  sufficiat,  As  much  as  is  sufficient. 

QuoR.  Quorum,  Of  which, 

Q.  V.  Quantum  volueris,  As  much  as  you  wish. 

Rad.  Radix,  Root. 

Ras.  RasurcB,  Shavings. 

Rect.  llectificatua,  Rectified. 

Red.  or  Redig.  in  Pulv.  Redactus  in  pulve- 
rem,  or  Redigatur  in  Pulverem,  Powdered,  or  Let 
it  be  powdered. 

Reg.  Umbil.  Regio  umbilici,  The  umbilical  re- 
gion. 

Repet.  Repetatur,  Let  it  be  repeated. 

S.  A.  Secundum  artem.  According  to  art. 

Sem.  Semen,  Seed. 

Bemi-dr.  Semi-drachma,  Half  a  drachm. 

Semi-h.  Semi-hora,  Half  an  hour. 

Serv.  Serva,  Keep,  preserve. 

Sesquih.  Sesquihora,  An  hour  and  a  half. 

Sesunc.  Sesuncia,  An  ounce  and  a  half. 

Si  Non  Val.  Si  non  valeat,  If  it  does  not  answer. 

Si  Op.  Sit.  Si  opus  sit,  If  there  be  need. 

Si  Vir.  Perm.  Si  vires permittant,  If  the  strength 
will  permit. 

SoLV.  Solve,  Dissolve. 

Sp.  and  Spir.  Spiritus,  Spirit 

Ss.  Semi,  One  half. 

St.  Stet,  Let  it  stand. 

Sub  Fin.  Coct.  Sub  finem  coctionis.  Towards 
the  end  of  the  boiling. 

Sum.  Sumat,  Let  him  take;  also,  Summitate$f 
The  tops. 


ABCHS 


35 


ABDUCTOR 


S.  V.  Spirtttia  vini,  Spirit  of  wine. 

S.  V.  E.  Spiritua  vini  rectificatus,  Kectificd 
spirit  of  wiae. 

S.  V.  T.  Spiritus  vini  tenuior,  Proof  spirit  of 
(vine. 

Str.  Syrupus,  Syrup. 

Temp.  Dext.  Tempori  dextro,  To  the  right 
Jemple. 

T.  0.  Tinctura  opir,  Tincture  of  opium. 

Tr.,  Tra.  and  Tinct.  Tinctura,  Tincture. 

Trit.  Tritura,  Triturate. 

V.  0.  S.  or  ViT.  Ot.  Sol.  Vitello  ovi  solutue, 
Dissolved  in  the  yolk  of  an  egg. 

VS.  Ventssectio,  Venesection. 

Z.  Z.  Anciently  myrrh:  now  zinziber  or  ginger. 

lb,  Libra,  A  pound. 

^,  Uncia,  An  ounce. 

X,  Drachma,  A  drachm. 

p,  Scrupulum,  A  scruple. 

1^,  Minimum,  A  minim. 

ss,  Semissis,  or  half;  iss,  one  and  a  half. 

j,  one;  ij,  two;  iij,  three;  iv,  four,  &c. 

The  same  system  is  not  always  followed  in  ab- 
ftreviating.  The  subjoined  wiU  exhibit  the  usual 
mode: 

Infus.  Oolomh.  f  5iss 

Ti7ict.  Gent.  c.  f  ^i 

Syr.  Cort.  Juranf.  f  3^S 

Tinct.  caps.  gtt  xl.  M. 

Capt.  eoch.  ij.  p.  r.  n. 

This,  written  at  length,  is  as  follows : 
Kecipe 

Jnfusi  OolombcB  sesqui-fluidunciam. 
Tinctura  GentianoB  CompositcB  fluidrachmam. 
Syrupi  Oorticis  Aurantiorum  semi-fiuidrach- 

mam. 
TincturcE  Capsici  guttas  quadraginta. 
Misce. 
^Capiat  cochlearia  duo  pro  re  nat§,. 
ABOES,  Abscess — a.  Aigu,  see  Abscess — a. 
Ghaud,  see  Abscess^a.  Ohronique,  see  Abscess — 
a.  Far  congestion,  see  Abscess — a.  Diathesique, 
see  Abscess — a.  Froid,  see  Abscess — a.  Metasta- 
tique,  see  Abscess — a.  Scrofuleux,  see  Abscess — 
a.  Soudain,  see  Abscess. 

ABDO'MEN,  from  abdere,  '  to  conceal ;' — 
Etron,  Hypogas'trion,  Hypocoe'Uum,  Epis'chion, 
Lap'ara,  Hypochoi'lion,  Gaster,  Hypoii'trion, 
Nedys,  Abdu'men,  Venter,  Venter  imus.  Venter 
in'Jimu^,  Alvus,  U'terue,  The  belly,  (F.)  Ventre, 
V.  inferieur.  Bos  ventre.  The  largest  of  the 
three  splanchnic  cavities,  bounded,  above,  by  the 
diaphragm ;  below,  by  the  pelvis ;  behind,  by  the 
lumbar  vertebrae;  and  at  the  sides  and  fore  part, 
by  muscular  expansions.  It  is  distinguished  into 
three  anterior  regions,  from  above  to  below;  viz. 
the  epigastric,  umbilical,  and  hypogastric,  each 
of  which  is  itself  divided  into  three  others,  one 
middle,  and  two  lateral :  thus,  the  e2nga8tric  re- 
gion comprises  the  epigastrium  and  hypochon- 
dria; the  umbilical,  the  umbilicus  and  flanks  or 
lumbar  regions ;  and  the  hyjiogastric,  the  hypo- 
gastrium  and  iliac  regions.  None  of  these  re- 
gions has  its  limits  well  defined.  The  chief  vis- 
cera contained  in  the  cavity  of  the  abdomen, 
Cce'lia,  Cavum  Abdom'inis,  are  the  stomach,  in- 
testines, liver,  spleen,  pancreas,  kidneys,  &c.  It 
is  lined  by  the  peritoneum. 

Abdomejt,  Pendulous,  Physconia. 
ABDOM'INAL,  Abdomina'lis,  Ventra'lis,  Ven- 
tral.    That  which  belongs  to  the  Abdomen,  as 
abdominal  muscles,  abdominal  viscera,  &c. 

ABDOMINIS  EXPLORATIO,  Abdominos- 
copia. 

•  ABDOMINISCOP'IA,  Gastroscop'ia.  A  hy- 
brid word,  from  Abdomen,  'the  lower  belly,'  and 
cKOTzcia,  'I  view;'  Laparoscop'ia,  Abdom'inis  Ex- 


plora'tio.     Examination  of  the  lower  belly  as  a 
means  of  diagnosis.     See  Auscultation. 

ABDUCENS  LABIORUM,  Levator  anguli 
oris. 

ABDUCENTES,  Motor  oculi  externus. 

ABDUCTEUR  DE  L'CEIL,  Rectus  externus 
oculi — a.  de  I'oreille,  Abductor  auris — a.  du  groi 
orteil,  Abductor  pollicis  pedis — a.  du  petit  ortvil. 
Abductor  minimi  digiti  pedis — a.  court  du  ponce, 
Abductor  pollicis  brevis — a.  long  du  ptouce,  Ab- 
ductor longus  pollicis. 

ABDUCTION,  Abduc'tio,  from  abducere,  to 
separate,  {ab  and  ducere,  'to  lead.')  The  move- 
ment which  separates  a  limb  or  other  part  from 
the  axis  of  the  body. 

The  word  has  also  been  used  synonymously 
with  Abrup'tio,  Ajiag'ma,  Apoclas'ma,  a  fracture 
near  the  articular  extremity  of  a  bone,  with  sepa- 
ration of  the  fragments. 

ABDUCTOR,  same  etymon.  (F.)  Abductenr. 
A  muscle  which  moves  certain  parts  by  separat- 
ing them  from  the  axis  of  the  body. 

Abductor  Auricularis,  Abductor  auris — r.. 
Indicis  pedis,  Prior  indicis  pedis.  Posterior  indit-Ki 
pedis — a.  Medii  digiti  pedis.  Prior  medii  digiti 
pedis — a.  Minimi  digiti.  Flexor  parvus  minimi 
digiti — a.  Minimi  digiti.  Prior  minimi  digiti — a. 
Oculi,  Rectus  externus  oculi — a.  Pollicis  manfis, 
and  a.  Brevis  alter.  Abductor  pollicis  brevis. 

Abductor  Auris,  Abductor  auricula'ris.  (F. ) 
Abducteur  de'l'oreille.  A  portion  of  the  posterior 
auris,  whose  existence  is  not  constant,  which 
passes  from  the  mastoid  process  to  the  concha. 

Abductor  In'dicis,  Semi-interos'seus  in'dicie. 
A  muscle  which  arises  from  the  os  trapezium  and 
metacarpal  bone  of  the  thumb,  and  is  inserted 
into  the  first  bone  of  the  forefinger.  Its  use  is  to 
bring  the  forefinger  towards  the  thumb. 

Abductor  Min'imi  Dig"iti,  Carpio-phalan'geus 
min'imi  digiti,  Carpo-phalangien  du  petit  doigt, 
Exten'sor  ter'tii  interno'dii  minimi  digiti — (Dou- 
glas.) Hypoth'enar  minor  metacarpeus.  See 
Flexor  parvus.  It  originates  fleshy  from  the  os 
pisiforme,  and  from  the  annular  ligament  near 
it;  and  is  inserted,  tendinous,  into  the  inner  side 
of  the  base  of  the  first  bone  of  the  little  finger. 
Use,  to  draw  the  little  finger  from  the  rest. 

Abductor  Minimi  Digiti  Pedis,  Calco-sul- 
phalangeus  minimi  digiti,  Calcaneo-phalangien 
du  petit  orteil,  Farath'enar  major — (By  WinF- 
low,  the  muscle  is  divided  into  two  portions, — 
Farathenar  major  and  metatarseus.)  Oalcaneo- 
sous-phalangien  du  petit  orteil — (Ch.)  (F.)  jib- 
ducteur  du  petit  orteil.  This  muscle  forms  the 
outer  margin  of  the  sole  of  the  foot,  and  is  im- 
mediately beneath  the  plantar  aponeurosis.  It 
arises,  tendinous  and  fleshy,  from  the  outer  side 
of  the  protuberance  of  the  os  calcis,  and  from 
the  root  of  the  metatarsal  bone  of  the  little  toe, 
and  is  inserted  into  the  outer  part  of  the  root 
of  the  first  bone  of  the  little  toe.  Use,  to  draw 
the  little  toe  outwards. 

Abductor  Pol'licis  Brevis,  Abdttctor  Polli- 
cis Ifanils,  Scapho-carpc-super-phalangeus  Fol- 
licis,  Sus-phalangien  du  ponce,  A.  pollicis  manux 
and  A.  brevis  alter — (Albinus.)  (F.)  Abductenr 
court  du  jiouce,  Carpo-sus-phalangien  du  pouce — 
(Ch.)  A  short,  flat,  triangular  muscle,  which  arises 
from  the  anterior  surface  of  the  os  scaphoides  anci 
the  annular  ligament  of  the  carpus,  and  termi- 
nates at  the  outside  of  the  upper  extremity  of 
the  first  phalanx  of  the  thumb.  A  particular 
portion,  on  the  inner  side  of  this  muscle,  is 
called,  by  Albinus,  Abductor  brevis  alter. 

Abductor  Longus  Pollicis,  A.  I.  F.  Mantis, 
Extensor  ossis  metacarpi  pollicis  mantis,  Extensor 
primi  internodii — (Douglas,)  Extensor  primus 
Follicis,   GMbito-radi-sus-rnetacarpiiii,   'lu  poucf-, 


ABDUMEN 


36 


ABORTION 


CuMto-sus-mHacarpien  du  pouce, —  (Ch.)  (F.) 
Abducteur  long  du  pouce.  A  long,  thin  muscle, 
arising  from  the  posterior  surface  of  the  ulna, 
radius,  and  interosseous  ligament,  and  inserted 
at  the  outer  side  of  the  upper  extremity  of  the 
first  metacarpal  bone. 

Abductor  Pollicis  Pedis,  Calco-sub-phalan- 
geiia  Pol'licis.  (F.)  Abducteur  du  groa  orteil. 
This  muscle  arises,  fleshy,  from  the  anterior  and 
inner  part  of  the  protuberance  of  the  os  calcis, 
and  tendinous  from  the  same  bone  where  it  joins 
with  the  OS  naviculare.  It  is  inserted,  tendinous, 
into  the  internal  os  sesamoideum  and  root  of  the 
tirst  bone  of  the  great  toe.  Use,  to  pull  the  great 
toe  from  the  rest. 

The  name  Abductor  has  been  given  also  to  all 
those  interosseous  muscles  of  the  hand  and  foot, 
which  perform  the  motion  of  abduction  on  the 
fingers  or  toes,  and  to  muscles  which  execute  the 
same  function  on  other  parts  of  the  body. 
ABDUMEN,  Abdomen. 

ABEBiE'OS,  from  a,  neg.  and  Pe^atos,  'firm,' 
Infir'mus,  Deb'ilis.     Weak,  infirm,  unsteady. 
ABEILLE,  Bee. 

ABELMELUCH.  One  of  the  names  of  the  Rici- 
nus,  according  to  some  authors. — Prosper  Alpinus 
says  that  a  tree,  which  grows  about  Mecca,  is  so 
called.  Its  seeds,  which  are  black  and  oblong, 
are  said  to  be  a  most  violent  cathartic. 

ABELMOSCHUS,  Hibiscus  abelmoschus— a. 
Mosehatus,  Hibiscus  abelmoschus.  < 
ABELMUSK,  Hibiscus  abelmoschus. 
ABENSBERG,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  A. 
is  a  city  of  Bavaria,  where  there  is  a  cold,  sul- 
phureous spring. 

ABERRATIO,  Aberration — a.  Lactis,  Galac- 
toplania — a.  Mensium,  Menstruation,  vicarious — 
a.  Menstruorum,  Menstruation,  vicarious. 

ABERRA'TION,  Aberra'tio,  from  aberrare, 
{ah  and  errare,)  'to  stray,'  'to  wander  from.' 
This  word  has  several  meanings. 

1.  The  passage  of  a  fluid  of  the  living  body 
into  an  order  of  vessels  not  destined  for  it.  In 
this  sense  it  is  synonymous  with  the  Error  Loci 
of  Boerhaave. 

2.  The  flow  of  a  fluid  towards  an  organ  different 
from  that  to  which  it  is  ordinarily  directed ;  as  in 
cases  of  vicarious  hemorrhage.  Aberrations  of 
sense  ov  judgment  are  certain  errors  in  the  percep- 
tions, or  certain  derangements  of  the  intellectual 
faculties. 

The  word- is  used  in  optics  to  designate  the  dis- 
persion of  the  rays  of  light  in  passing  through  a 
lens. 

Aberhation,  Chromatic,  Aberration  of  Re- 
frangibUity. 

Aberration  of  Refeangibil'itt,  Ohromat'ic 
aberra'tion,  exists,  when,  as  in  a  common  lens, 
the  rays  that  pass  near  the  circumference  of  the 
lens  are  decomposed,  so  that  a  coloured  image  is 
observed.  This  aberration  in  the  human  eye  is 
corrected  by  the  iris,  which  does  not  permit  the 
rays  to  fall  near  the  circumference  of  the  lens, 
and  also  by  the  crystalline  lens  itself,  which, 
owing  to  its  structure,  serves  the  purposes  of  an 
achromatic  glass. 

Aberration,  Spherical,  Aberration  of  sphe- 
ricity. 

Aberration  of  Spheric"ity  or  spher'ical  ab- 
erra'tion takes  place,  when  the  rays,  as  in  a  com- 
mon lens,  which  pass  through  the  centre  of  the 
Ions,  and  those  which  pass  near  the  circumfer- 
ence, are  unequally  refracted,  so  that  they  do  not 
meet  a^  a  common  focus. 

This  aberration  of  sphericity  in  the  human  eye 
U  corrected  by  the  iris. 

ABESSI,  Realgar. 

ABEVACUiV'TIO,  Apoceno'sis,  from  ab,  and 


evacuare,  'to  empty.'  An  evacuation.  A  partial 
or  imperfect  evacuation.  By  some  it  is  applied 
to  an  immoderate  evacuation. — Kraus. 

ABHAL.  A  fruit  well  known  in  India,  and 
obtained  from  a  species  of  cypress.  It  passes  for 
an  emmenagogue. 

ABIES,  Pinus  picea — a.  Balsamea,  Pinus  bal- 
samea. 

Abies  Balsamifera,  Pinus  balsamea — a.  Ca- 
nadensis, Pinus  Canadensis — a.  Excelsa,  see  Pinus 
abies — a.  Gallica,  Pinus  picea — a.  Larix,  Pinus 
larix — a.  Pectinata,  Pinus  picea — a.  Picea,  Pinus 
picea — a.  Rubra,  Pinus  rubra. 
ABIGA,  Teucrium  Chamtepitys. 
ABIOSIS,  Death. 
ABIOTOS,  Conium  maculatum. 
ABIRRITA'TION.  Abirrita'tio,fTom  a5,  priva- 
tive, and  iVniafio,  'irritation.'    This  word  strictly 
means  absence  or  defect  of  irritation.    The  disci- 
ples of  Broussais  used  it  to  indicate  a  pathological 
condition,  opposite  to  that  of  irritation.     It  may 
be    considered    as    synonymous   with    debility, 
asthenia,  &c. 

ABLACTATIO,  Weaning. 
ABLASTES,  Sterile. 
ABLATIO,  Extirpation. 

ABLEPH'ARUS,  from  a,  privative,  and  /JXe- 
<j>aoov,  'eyelid.'     One  who  has  no  eyelids. 
ABLEPSIA,  Cajcitas. 
ABLUENTIA,  Detergents. 
ABLU'TION,  Ahlu'tio,  Aponip'sis,  Cataclys'- 
mvs,  from  abluere,  {ab  and  lucre,)  'to  wash.'     A 
name   given  to  legal   ceremonies  in  which  the 
body  is  subjected  to  particular  affusions.  Ablution 
(especially  of  the  extremities)  with  cold  or  tepid 
water  is    employed,   therapeutically,   to   reduce 
febrile  heat.     Also,  the  washing  by  which  medi- 
cines are  separated  from  the  extraneous  matters 
mixed  with  them. 

ABNORMAL,  Abnormous. 
ABNORMITY,  Anomalia. 
ABNOR'MOUS,    Abnor'mal,     (F.)    Aiwrmal, 
from  ab,  *  from,'  and  norma,  '  rule.'     Not   con 
formable  to  rule ;  irregular. 

ABOLP'TION,  AboW'tio,  destruction  or  sup- 
pression, from  ah  and  hiere  (?)  'to  wash.'  A 
word,  often  employed,  especially  by  the  French, 
to  express  the  complete  suspension  of  any  symp- 
tom or  function.  Abolition  of  the  sight,  e.  g.  is 
the  complete  loss  of  sight. 

ABOMA'SUS,  Aboma'sum,  Enys'tron,  Sennet. 
The  lowermost  or  fourth  stomach  of  ruminating 
animals. 

ABOMINATIO,  Disgust. 
ABONDANCE,  Plethora. 
AEORSIO,  Abortion. 
ABORSUS,  Abortion. 
ABORTICIDIUM,  Foeticide. 
ABORTIF,  Abortive. 
ABORTIFACIENS,  Abortive. 
ABORTION,  Ahor'tus,  Abor'sus,  Abor'sio,  Drjs- 
to'eia  aborti'va,   Omoto'cia,  Paracye'sis  abortus, 
Amblo'sis,  Amblo'iiia,  Amhlos'mus,  Ec'bole,  Erti- 
bryotoc'ia,  Diaph'thora,  Ectro'sis,  Exaniblo'mo, 
Examblo'sis,  Ectros'mos,  Apopalle'sis,  Apopal'six, 
Apoph'thora,  Phthora,  Uonvxd'sio  u'teri,  Dcper- 
di'tio.  {¥.)  Avortement,Blcssure, Miscarriage, from 
ab  and  oriri,  'to  rise,'  applied  to  that  which  ha.« 
arisen  out  of  season.    The  expulsion  of  the  foetus 
before  the  seventh  month  of  iitero-gestation,  or 
before  it  is  viable.     The  causes  of  this  accident 
are  referriblo  either  to  the  mother,  and  particu- 
larly to  the  uterus;   or  to  the  foetus  and  its  de- 
pendencies.    The  causes,  in  the  mother,  may  be  : 
— extreme  nervous  susceptibility,  great  debility, 
plethora;  faulty  conformation,  &c.;  and  it  is  fre- 
quently induced  immediately  by^  intense  mental 
emotion,  violent  exercise,  &c.    The  causes  seated 


ABORTIVB 


37 


ABSINTHITES 


In  the  foetus  are  its  death,  rupture  of  the  mem- 
branes, <fcc.  It  most  frequently  occurs  between 
the  8th  and  12th  weeks  of  gestation.  The  symp- 
toms of  abortion  are  : — uterine  hemorrhage  with 
or  without  flakes  of  decidua,  with  intermitting 
pain.  "When  abortion  has  once  taken  place,  it  is 
extremely  apt  to  recur  in  subsequent  pregnancies 
about  the  same  period.  Some  writers  have  called 
abortion,  when  it  occurs  prior  to  three  months, 
Effluxion.  The  treatment  must  vary  according  to 
the  constitution  of  the  patient  and  the  causes  giv- 
ing rise  to  it.  In  all  cases,  the  horizontal  posture 
and  perfect  quietude  are  indispensable. 

Abortion  is  likewise  applied  to  the  product  of 
an  untimely  birth, — Ahor'tus,  Abor'sits,  Apohle'- 
ma,  Apob'ole,  Eehlo'ma,  Amhlothrid'ion,  Ectro'ma, 
Fruc'tm  immatu'rus,  Ahortment.  (F.)  Avorton, 
Avortin. 

TO  ABORT,  JiSoWrt.  To  miscarry.  (F.)^TOrfe?-. 

ABOR'TIVE,  Ahorti'vus,  Eeboi'ius,  Amhlo'ti- 
CU8,  Amblothrid'ium,  Ambol'icus,  Phthor'ius,  Apo- 
j}hthor'ius,  Ectrot'ieus,  Aborti/a'eiens,  Aeyte'- 
rius,  Expel'lens,  Phthiroc' tonus,  Fhthoroc' tonus, 
Ecbol'tcus,  Oontrac'tor  u'teri,  Accel  era' tor  Partus, 
Parturient,  Parturifa'cient,  Echolic.  (F.)  Abor- 
tif.  A  medicine  to  which  is  attributed  the  pro- 
perty of  causing  abortion.  There  is  probably 
no  direct  agent  of  the  kind. 

ABORTMENT,  Abortion. 

ABORTUS,  Abortion. 

ABO UOHEMENT,  Anastomosis. 

ABOULAZA,  a  tree  of  Madagascar,  used,  ac- 
cording to  Flacourt,  in  the  practice  of  the  coun- 
try, in  diseases  of  the  heart. 

ABOUTISSEMENT,  Suppuration. 

ABRABAX,  Abrasax,  Abraxas.  A  mystic 
term,  expressing  the  number  365,  to  which  the 
Cabalists  attributed  miraculous  properties. 

ABRACADA'BRA:  the  name  of  a  Syrian 
Idol,  according  to  Selden.  This  word,  when 
pronounced  and  repeated  in  a  certain  form  and 
a  certain  number  of  times,  was  supposed  to  have 
the  power  of  curing  fevers  and  preventing  many 
diseases.  It  was  figured  on  amulets  and  worn 
suspended  around  the  neck. 

31X3X1X31X 

-IXDXTX3TX 

X3X3S31X 

3  X  T   X  3  1  X 

X  1   X  3  1  X 

n  X  3  1  X 

X  3  ■)   X 

3  n  X 

1  X 
X 

ABRACALAN,  A  cabalistic  term  to  which  the 
Jews  attributed  the  same  virtue  as  to  the  word 
Abracadabra. 

ABRASAX,  Abrabax. 

ABRA'SION,  Abra'sio,  Aposi/r'ma,  Apoxys'- 
mus,  from  ahradere,  {ab  and  radere,)  'to  rasp.' 
A  superficial  excoriation,  with  loss  of  substance, 
under  the  form  of  small  shreds,  in  the  mucous 
membrane  of  the  intestines, — (F.)  Raelures  des 
Boyanx.  Also,  an  ulceration  of  the  skin,  pos- 
sessing similar  characters.  According  to  Vicq 
d'Azyr,  the  word  has  been  used  for  the  absorp- 
tion of  the  molecules  composing  the  various 
organs.  * 

ABRATHAN,  Artemisia  abrotanum. 

ABRAXAS,  Abrabax. 

ABREVIATION,  Abbreviation. 

ABRIGOT,  Prunus  Armeniaca. 

ABROSIA,  Abstinence. 

ABROTANUM,     Artemisia    abrotanum  —  a. 


Cathsum,  Artemisia  abrotanum — a.  Mas,  Arte- 
misia abrotanum. 

ABROTONI'TES,  (oivoy,  'wine,'  understood.) 
Wine  impregnated  with  Artemisia  Abrotanum  or 
Southernwood. 
ABROTONUM,  Artemisia  Abrotanum. 
ABRUPTIO,  Abduction. 

ABRUS  PRECATO'RIUS,  Liq'uorice  Bush, 
Red  Bean,  Love  pea.  A  small  ornamental  shrub, 
found  from  Florida  to  Brazil,  as  well  as  in  Egypt 
and  the  West  Indies ;  A\it.  Ord.  Leguminosse. 
Sex.  Syst.  Monadelphia  enneandria;  having  beau- 
tiful scarlet  seeds  with  a  black  spot.  The  roots 
and  leaves  are  sweet  mucilaginous  demulcents. 
The  seeds  of  the  American  kind  are  considered 
to  be  purgative  and  poisonous. 

ABSCESS,  from  abscedo,  {abs,  and  cedere,)  '  I 
depart,'  or  '  separate  from.'  Absces'sus,  Abscee'- 
sio,  Aphiste'sis,  Aposte'ma,  Ecpye'ma,  Ecpye'sis, 
Reces'sus,  Impos'thume.  {'S.)  Abels,  Depot.  A  col- 
lection of  pus  in  a  cavity,  the  result  of  a  morbid 
process.     See  Pyogenia,  and  Suppuration. 

The  French  have  various  distinctive  terms  for 
Abscesses. 

ABOES  CHAUD,  AIGU,  SOUDAIN,  is  one 
which  follows  violent  inflammation. 

ABCES  FROID,  GHRONIQUE,  SOROFU- 
LEUX,  one  which  is  the  result  of  chronic  or 
scrofulous  inflammation. 

ABGES  PAR  CONGESTION,  A.  diathe- 
siqne,  a  symptomatic  abscess ;  one  which  occurs 
in  a  part  at  a  distance  from  the  inflammation  by 
which  it  is  occasioned :  e.  g.  a  lumbar  abscess; 
in  which  the  inflammation  may  be  in  the  lumbar 
vertebra,  whilst  the  pus  exhibits  itself  at  the 
groin. 

Abscess,  Metastat'ic,  Absces'sus  metastat'- 
icm,  (F.)  Abces  metastatique ;  A.  eonseeutif,  an 
abscess,  which  forms  suddenly,  and  sometimes 
without  any  precursory  signs  of  inflammation,  in 
a  part  of  the  body  remote  from  one  in  a  state 
of  suppuration,  and  without  presenting  a  suffi- 
cient reason  for  its  development  in  the  pla.ce 
which  it  occupies.  It  is  a  consequence  of  phle- 
bitis. 

Abscess,  Perforating  op  the  Lung,  see 
Lung,  perforating  abscess  of  the — a.  Psoas,  Lum- 
bar abscess — a.  Retropharyngeal,  see  Retropha- 
ryngeal. 

Abscessus  Capitis  Sanguineus  Neonatorum, 
Cephalsematoma— a.  Cerebri,  Encephalopyosis— 
a.  Gangreenescens,  Anthrax — a.  Gangraenosus, 
Anthrax — a.  Lacteus,  Mastodynia  apostematosa 
— a.  Lumborum,  Lumbar  abscess — a.  Mammae, 
Mastodynia  apostematosa — a.  Metastaticus,  Ab- 
scess, metastatic — a.  Nucleatus,  Furuneulus— a. 
Oculi,  Hypopyon— a.  Pectoris,  Empyema— a. 
Pulmonum,  Pneumapostema — a.  Renalis,  Ne- 
phrapostasis— a.  Spirituosus,  Aneurism — a.  Tho- 
racis, Empyema — a.  Urinosus,  Urapostema. 
ABSCISSIO  PR^PUTII,  Circumcision. 
ABSCIS'SION,  Abscis'io,  Abscis'aio,  from  db- 
scidere  or  abscindere,  'to  cut  off,'  Apoc'ope, 
Apothrau'sis,  Biac'ope.  Excision  or  extirpation 
of  a  part,  especially  of  a  soft  part. — Fabricius 
Hildanus. 

Fracture  or  injury  of  soft  parts,  with  loss  of 
substance. — Hippocrates. 

Diminution,  or  loss  of  voice. — Celsus. 
Sudden  and  premature  termination  of  a  dis- 
ease.— Galen. 

ABSCONSIO,  Sinus. 

ABSENCE  DU  BRUIT  RESPIRATOIRJi, 
see  Murmur,  respiratory. 

ABSINTHI'TES,  axpiv^irvg,  ApsintM'tes,'WiM 
impregnated  with  Absinthium  or  Wormwood.-  - 
Dioscorides. 


ABSINTHIUM 


38 


ACAJOU 


ABSINTHIUM,  (Ph.  U.  S.,)  Artemisia  ab- 
ginthium — a.  Marinum,  Artemisia  maritima — a. 
Maritimum,  Artem^isia  maritima — a.  Ponticum, 
Artemisia  pontica — a.  Ptomanum,  Artemisia  pon- 
tica — a.  Santonicum,  Artemisia  santonica — a. 
Vulgare,  Artemisia  absiDthium. 

ABSORBANT,  Absorbent. 

ABSOPt'BENT,  Ahsor'hens,  from  absorhere,  {ah 
and  sorhere,)  'to  drink,  to  suck  up.'  (F.)  Ah- 
surhant.     That  which  absorbs. 

Absorbent  System  is  the  collection  of  vessels, 
Vasa  ahsorhen'tia  sen  resorben'tia,  and  glands, 
■which  concur  in  the  exercise  of  absorption. 

A  medicine  used  for  absorbing  acidity  in  the 
stomach  and  bowels,  as  magnesia,  chalk,  <fcc.  In- 
vertene,  JResor'bena,  Sat'urans. 

Also,  any  substance,  such  as  cobweb,  sponge, 
Ac,  which,  when  applied  to  a  bleeding  surface, 
retains  the  blood,  and  forms  with  it  a  solid  and 
adhesive  compound,  which  arrests  the  hemor- 
rhage. 

ABSORPTIO,  Absorption  —  a.  Sanguinis, 
Hsemorrhophesis. 

ABSOPlP'TION,  Resorp'tio,  Inhala'tio.  Im- 
hih'V'tio,  Absorp'tio,  Anar'rhojjhe,  AnarropJie'sis, 
Gatapino'stB,  Bhoebde'sis,  Catarrhophe'sis,  Qa- 
tar'rhophe  j  same  etymon.  The  function  of  ab- 
sorbent vessels,  by  virtue  of  which  they  take  up 
substances  from  without  or  within  the  body.  Two 
great  divisions  have  been  made  of  this  function. 
1.  External  absorption,  or  the  absorption  of  com- 
position, which  obtains  from  without  the  organs 
the  materials  intended  for  their  composition ; 
and,  2.  Internal  absorption,  or  the  absorption  of 
decomposition,  which  takes  up  from  the  organs 
the  materials  that  have  to  be  replaced  by  the 
exhalants. 

By  external  absorption  is  meant  not  only  that 
which  takes  place  at  the  external  surface  of  the 
body,  but  also  that  of  the  mucous  membranes  of 
the  digestive  and  respiratory  passages.  Hence, 
again,  the  division  of  external  absorption  into  cu- 
ta)ieou8 — resorp'tio  cuta'nea  seu  cutis,  inhala'tio 
cutis, — intestinal  or  digestive,  and  pulmonary  or 
respiratory. 

Internal   absorption   is  also  subdivided   into, 

1.  Ilolecular  or  interstitial,  nutritive,  organic,  or 
decomposing,  which  takes  up  from  each  organ  the 
materials  that  constitute  it,  so  that  the  decompo- 
sition is  always  in  equilibrio  with  the  deposition. 

2.  The  absorption  of  recremcntitial  secreted  fluids, 
such  as  the  fluid  of  serous  membranes,  synovia, 
ic.  As  these  are  constantly  exhaled  on  surfaces 
which  have  no  external  outlet,  they  would  aug- 
ment indefinitely,  if  absorption  did  not  remove 
them  in  the  same  proportion  as  that  in  which  they 
are  deposited.  3.  The  absorption  of  a  ptart  of  the 
excrementitial  fluids,  as  they  pd.ss  over  the  excre- 
tory passages. 

Absorption  does  not  effect  the  decomposition  of 
the  body  immediately.  It  merely  prepares  the 
fluid  which  has  to  be  eliminated  by  the  secretory 
organs. 

The  great  agents  of  external  absorption  are  the 
veins  and  chyHferous  vessels;  of  internal  absorp- 
tion, probably  the  lymphatics.  In  the  chylife- 
rous  vessels  and  lymphatics  the  fluid  is  always 
found  to  possess  the  same  general  properties. 
In  them,  therefore,  an  action  of  elaboration  or 
selection  must  have  taken  jjlace.  The  veins,  on 
the  other  hand,  seem  to  exert  no  selection.  Any 
fluid,  possessing  the  necessary  tenuity,  passes 
through  the  coats  of  the  vessel  readily  by  imbibi- 
tion, and  proceeds  along  with  the  torrent  of  the 
circulation.  Watery  fluids  in  this  manner  enter 
lh«  blood  when  they  are  taken  into  the  stomach, 
fiw^stances  that  require  digestion,  on  the  other 


hand,  must  pass  through  the  chyliferons  vessels 
and  thoracic  duct. 

Absorption  or  Composition,  see  Absorption — 
a.  Cu  taneous,  see  Absorption — a.  of  Decomposi- 
tion, see  Absorption — a.  Digestive,  see  Absorp- 
tion— a.  External,  see  Absorption — a.  of  Excre- 
mentitial Secreted  Fluids,  see  Absorption — a. 
Internal,  see  Absorption — a.  Intestinal,  see  Ab- 
sorption— a.  Interstitial,  see  Absorption — a.  Mole- 
cular, see  Absorption — a.  Nutritive,  see  Absorption 
— a.  Organic,  see  Absorption — a.  Pulmonary,  see 
Absorption — a.  of  Piecrementitial  Secreted  Fluids, 
see  Absorption — a.  Respiratory,  see  Absorption. 

ABSTE3IE,  Abstemious. 

ABSTE'MIOUS,  Abste'mius,  Aoi'nos,  from  abs, 
'without,'  and  temetum,  'wine.'  (F.)  Absthne. 
Used  by  the  ancient  writers,  as  well  as  by  the 
French,  in  the  sense  only  of  its  roots;  one  who 
abstains  from  wine  or  fermented  liquors  in  ge- 
neral. 

ABSTEPtGENTIA,  Detergents. 

ABSTERSIVA,  Detergents. 

ABSTERSOEIA,  Detergents. 

AB'STINENCE,  Abstinen'tia,  fromoJs,  'from,' 
and  tenere,  'to  hold,'  Abros'ia,  Asit'ia,  Liman'- 
chia,  Limocton'ia,  Fasting.  Privation,  usually 
voluntary,  as  when  we  speak  of  abstinence  from 
pleasure,  abstinence  from  drink,  &c.  It  is  more 
particularly  used  to  signify  voluntary  privation  of 
certain  articles  of  food.  Fasting  is  a  useful  re- 
medial agent  in  certain  diseases,  particularly  in 
those  of  an  inflammatory  character. 

ABSUS,  a  kind  of  cassia — C.  Ahsus — which 
grows  in  Egypt  and  in  India,  the  seeds  of  which, 
pulverized  and  mixed  with  powdered  sugar  have 
been  employed,  in  form  of  a  dry  collyrium,  in  the 
endemic  ophthalmia  of  Egypt. 

ABU'LIA;  from  a,  'privative,' and /JowX);,  'will.' 
Loss  of  the  will,  or  of  volition. 

ABU'LICUS;  same  etymon.  One  who  has  lost 
the  power  of  will  or  of  volition. 

ABUS  BE  S0I-3IEME,  Masturbation. 

ABUTA,  Pareira  brava. 

ABU'TILON  CORDA'TUM,  Sida  abutilon, 
Yellow  mallow.  An  indigenous  plant,  common 
from  Canada  to  Mexico,  which  resembles  common 
mallow  in  its  medical  virtues,  being  mucilaginous 
and  demulcent. 

ABVACUA'TIO,  an  excessive  or  colliquative 
evacuation  of  any  kind. 

ACACIA,  (Ph. U.S.)  Acaciae  gummi— a.  Cate- 
chu, Catechu — a.  False,  Robinia  pseudo-acacia — 
a.  Germaniea,  see  Prunus  spinosa — a.  Girafi'ae,  see 
Accaeise  gummi — a.  Horrida,  see  Acacise  gummi 
— a.  Indica,  Tamarindus — a.  Nilotiea,  see  Acaeisa 
gummi — a.  Nostras,  see  Prunus  spinosa — a.  Sene- 
gal, see  Acaciae  gummi — a.  Vera,  see  Acacise  gum- 
mi— a.  Zeyloniea,  Hsematoxylon  Campechianum. 

ACACIA  GUMMI,  Aca'cia,  from  okt,,  'a 
point,'  so  called  in  consequence  of  its  spines,  G. 
Aca'cim  Arab'iccB,  G.  Arab'icum,  G.  Acanth'inum, 
G.  Leucum,  G.  Theba'icum,  G.  Serapio'nis,  G. 
Lamac,  G.  Senega,  or  Seneca,  (see  Senegal,  gum,) 
Gum  Ar'abic.  (F.)  Govime  Arabique.  The  gum 
of  the  Aca'ci'a  seu3Iimo'sa  Nilot'ica,  Aca'cia  vera, 
Spina  uEgi/ptiaca,  of  Upper  Egypt,  A'at.  Ord. 
Mimoseae.  Sex.  Syst.  Polygamia  Monoecia.  It 
is  in  irregular  pieces,  colourless  or  of  a  pale  yel- 
low colour,  hard,  brittle,  of  a  shining  fracture, 
transparent,  soluble  in  water,  and  insoluble  in 
alcohol,  s.  g.  1-4317. 

It  is  mucilaginous ;  but  is  rarely  used,  except 
in  pharmacy.  Sometimes  it  is  administered  alone 
as  a  demulcent. 

Acacia  Horrida  and  A.  Giraffce,  of  South  Afri- 
ca, yield  a  good  gum. 

AOAJOU,  Anacardium  occidentale. 


ACAMATUS 


39 


ACCIDENTAL 


AcAJtTBA  Officinalis,  Anacardium  occiden- 
tale. 

Acal'ypha  Virgin'ica,  Three-seeded  mer'cury. 
Order,  Euphorbiacese,  indigenous,  flowering  in 
August,  is  said  to  have  expectorant  and  diuretic 
properties. 

ACAM'ATUS,  from  a,  priv.,  and  Kaiivm,  '1  la- 
bour.' This  word  has  been  sometimes  used  for 
a  good  constitution  of  the  body.  According  to 
Galen,  it  means  that  position  in  which  a  limb  is 
intermediate  between  flexion  and  extension ;  a 
position  which  may  be  long  maintained  without 
fatigue. 

AGAMPSIA,  Contractura. 

ACANOS,  Onopordium  acanthium. 

AcANOS  Spina,  Onopordium  acanthium. 

ACANTHA,  Vertebral  column.  Also,  Spinous 
process  of  a  vertebra. 

ACANTHAB'OLUS,  Acan'thulus,  Volsel'la, 
from  axavSa,  'a  spine,'  and  ^aX\u>,  '  I  cast  out.' 
A  kind  of  forceps  for  removing  extraneous  sub- 
stances from  wounds. — Paulus  of  ^gina,  Fabri- 
cius  ab  Aquapendente,  Scultetus,  &c. 

ACANTHALZUGA,  Echinops. 

ACANTHE  FAUSSE,  Heracleum  spondy- 
lium. 

ACANTHIUM,  Onopordium  acanthium. 

AGANTHULUS,  Acanthabolos. 

ACANTHUS  MOLLIS,  same  etymon  as  Aca- 
cia, Melamphyl'lum,  Branca  ursi'na  seu  vera, 
Brankur'sine,  Bear's  Breech.  (F.)  Pied  d'ours. 
This  plant  is  mucilaginous  like  Althaea,  and  is 
used  as  a  demulcent. 

ACAPATLI,  Piper  longum. 

ACAR'DIA,  from  a,  priv.,  and  KapSia,  'the 
heart.'     The  state  of  a  foetus  without  a  heart. 

ACARDIOTROPHIA,  Heart,  atrophy  of  the. 

AC'ARICIDE,  from  acarus,  and  ccedere,  '  to 
kill.'  A  destroyer  of  acari,  —  as  of  the  acarus 
scabies. 

ACARICOBA.  The  Brazilian  name  for  Hy- 
drocot'yle  iimhella'tum,  used  by  the  Indians  as 
an  aromatic,  alexipharmic,  and  emetic. 

AGARON,  Myrica  gale. 

AGARP'jJI,  from  a,  'privative,'  and  icapirog, 
'fruit.'  A  division  of  the  family  of  cutaneous 
diseases  by  Fuchs,  in  which  there  is  no  "fruit," 
(Germ.  Frucht,)  or  production  from  the  cutane- 
ous surface  —  tubercles,  vesicles  or  pustules. 
Lentigo,  Chloasma,  Argyria,  and  Pityriasis  be- 
long to  it. 

ACARUS,  from  o,  privative,  and  Kaprig,  'di- 
visible.' A  minute  insect,  one  species  of  which 
has  been  noticed  by  several  observers,  in  the 
itch.     The  Acarus  Scahiei,  see  Psora. 

Acarus  Giro,  see  Psora  —  a.  Gomedonum, 
Acarus  FoUiculorum. 

Ac'arus  Gros'sei.  An  insect  supposed  by 
Mr.  Crosse,  of  England,  to  have  been  developed 
in  a  solution  of  silicate  of  potassa  when  submitted 
to  slow  galvanic  action,  for  the  purpose  of  obtain- 
ing crystals  of  sUex.  It  did  not,  however,  prove 
to  be  a  new  formation. 

Acarus  Folliculo'euji,  Entozo'on  FolUeulo'- 
rvm,  A.  Qomedo'num,  De'modex  follicvlo' rum, 
Simo'nea  folliculo' rum,  Steatozo'on  folliculo'rum, 
Macrogas'ter  plat'ypua.  An  articulated  animal- 
cule, discovered  in  the  sebaceous  substance  of  the 
cutaneous  follicles.  According  to  Professor  Owen, 
it  belongs  to  the  Arachnida. 

Acarus  Scabiei,  Acarus,  see  Psora. 

ACATALEP'SIA,  from  a,  privative,  and  Kara- 
Xa/iliavo),  'I  comprehend.'  Uncertainty  in  dia- 
gnosis.    Its  opposite  is  Gatalepsia. — Galen. 

ACATAP'OSIS,  from  a  privative,  and  xara- 
nodis,  'deglutition.'  Incapacity  of  swallowing. 
Vogel  has  given  this  name  to  diflSculty  of  deglu- 
tition. 


ACATASTAT'IC,  Acatastat'icus,  from  a,  priv., 
and  Ka&icTr]f).i,  'to  determine.'  An  epithet  given 
to  fevers,  &c.,  when  irregular  in  their  periods  or 
symptoms. — Hippocrates. 

ACATHAR'SIA,  from  a,  priv.,  and  Ka&aipi^u:, 
'I  purge;'  Sordea,  Impurities.  Omission  of  a  pur- 
gative.— Foesius, 

ACATSJAVAL'LI,  a  Malabar  plant,  which  is 
astringent  and  aromatic.  A  bath  of  it  is  used  in 
that  country  in  cases  of  hemicrania.  It  is  sup- 
posed to  be  the  Casaytha  filiformis  of  Linnajus. 

ACAWERIA,  Ophioxylum  serpentinum. 

ACCABLEMENT,  Torpor. 

ACOELERATEUR,  Accelerator  urinse.  « 

ACCELERATOR  PARTUS,  Abortive. 

Accelera'tor  Uri'n^,  Bulbo-eaverno'  sus,  Bnl- 
bo-uretral — (Ch.)  EJacula'tor  Semi'nis,  Bulho- 
syndesmo-caverneux.  (F.)  Accelerateur,  from  ad 
and  cehr,  'quick.'  A  muscle  of  the  penis,  which 
arises,  fleshy,  from  the  sphincter  ani  and  mem- 
branous part  of  the  urethra,  and  tendinous  from 
the  crus  and  beginning  of  the  corpus  cavernosum 
penis.  In  its  course  it  forms  a  thin,  fleshy  layer, 
the  inferior  fibres  of  which  run  more  transversely 
than  the  superior,  which  descend  in  an  oblique 
direction  ,•  the  muscles  of  both  sides  completely 
enclosing  the  bulb  of  the  urethra.  It  is  inserted 
into  its  fellow  by  a  tendinous  line  running  longi- 
tudinally on  the  middle  of  the  bulb.  Its  use  is  to 
propel  the  urine  or  semen  forwards. 

ACCENT,  Sonus  vocis,  from  ad  and  canere, 
cantum,  to  sing.  Inflection  or  modification  of  the 
voice,  which  consists  in  raising  or  dropping  it  on 
certain  syllables. 

The  accent  exhibits  various  alterations  in  dis- 
ease.     ^ 

ACGES,  Paroxysm. 

ACCES'SION.  Acces'sio,  from  accedo,  {ad  and 
cedere,)  'I  approach.'  The  invasion,  approach, 
or  commencement  of  a  disease. 

ACOESSOIRE,  Accessory— a.  du  long Flechis- 
seur  coynmun  des  orteils:  see  Flexor  longus  digi- 
torum  pedis  profundus  perforans  (accessorius) — 
a.  de  I'  Obturateur  interne,  Ischio-trochanterianus 
— a.  du  pied  d'Hippocampe:  see  Cornu  ammonis 
— a.  du  Sacro-lombaire :  see  Saero-lumbalis. 

ACCESSORIUS  FLEXOR  LONGUS  DIGI- 
TORUM  PEDIS;  see  Flexor  longus  digitorum 
pedis  profundus  perforans  (accessorius) — a.  Pedis 
hippocampi; — see  Cornu  ammonis. 

ACCESSORY,  Accesso'rius,  (F.)  Accessoire, 
Annexe,  same  etymon.  A  consequence  or  de- 
pendence on  any  thing;  as  accessory  ligament, 
muscle,  nerve,  &c. 

Accessory  of  the  Parot'id  is  a  name  given 
by  Haller  to  a  small  gland,  which  accompanies 
the  parotid  duct,  and  is  commonly  a  mere  pro- 
longation of  the  parotid  itself.     See  Parotid. 

Accessory  Sciences  to  Medicine  are  those 
which  do  not  relate  directly  to  the  science  if 
man  in  a  state  of  health  or  disease;  as  physics, 
chemistry,  <fec. 

Accessory  of  the  Par  Vagum,  Spinal  nerve. 

The  term  accessory  is  also  given  to  several 
muscles. 

ACCESSUS,  Coition. 

ACCIDENS,  Symptoma — a.  Oonsecutifs,  Con 
secutive  phenomena. 

ACCIDENT,  Ae'cidens,  from  accidere,  (ad  ana 
eadere,)  'to  happen.'  A  casualty;  an  unforeseen 
event.  The  French  use  the  term  in  nearly  the 
same  sense  as  symptom.  It  means  also  an  unex- 
pected symptom. 

ACCIDEN'TAL,  Adventi'Hious.  That  which 
happens  unexpectedly. 

The  French  give  the  name  Tissus  acciaenteh, 
to  those  adventitious  textures,  that  arc  th«  result 
of  a  morbid  process. 


ACCIPITER 


>0 


ACETAS 


ACCIP'ITER,  Hi'erax,  \cpa^,  'the  hawk/  from 
accipere  (ad  and  capio,)  'to  take.'  Menec'ratis 
Accip'itei:  (F.)  JEpervier.  A  bandage  applied 
'jver  the  nose,  so  called  from  its  likeness  to  the 
claw  of  a  hawk. 

ACCLI'MATED,  Clima'ti  assue'tua,  (from  ad 
and  cUnia.)  A  word  of  recent  introduction  from 
the  French,  which  means  'accustomed  to  a  cli- 
mate.' 

A0GLIMATE3IENT,  Acclimation. 

ACCLIMATION,  Seas'oning.  (F.)  Acelimate- 
nteiit.  The  act  of  becoming  acclimated,  or  accus- 
tomed to  a  climate. 

The  constitution  of  a  person,  who  goes  to  live 
in  another  and  a  very  different  climate,  usually 
experiences  changes,  which  are  frequently  of  an 
unfavourable  character,  and  the  study  of  which 
is  of  considerable  importance  in  medicine. 

ACCOM'PANIMENT,  Adjun'ction.  (F.)  Ac- 
compagnement,  (compagnon,  'an  associate.')  That 
which  is  joined  to  any  thing. 

Accompaniment  to  the  cataract  is  a  whitish, 
viscid  substance,  which  sometimes  surrounds  the 
opake  crystalline,  and  remains  after  the  operation 
for  cataract,  causing  a  secondary  cataract. 

AGOOUOHEE,  Puerpera. 

ACC0UGHE3IENT,  Parturition— a.  Labori- 
ous, Dystocia — a.  Contre  nature,  see  Presentation, 
preternatural — a.  Lahorieux,  Laborious  labour. 

AGGOUCHEUR,  (F.)  Adju'tor  Partus,  Oh- 
etet'ricans,  Ohstetri" cius,  Maieu'ter,  JIaieu'tes. 
He  who  practises  the  art  of  midwifery.  A  physi- 
cian-Accoucheur, a  iiurgeon-Accoucheur,  a  Man- 
midwife,  (fee. 

AGGOUGHEUSE,  Midwife. 

ACG0UPLE2IENT,  Coition. 

AGG0UTU2IANGE,  Habit. 

ACCRE'TIOX,  Accre'tio,  from  ad,  'to,'  and 
crescere,  'to  increase."  Augmentation;  also,  in- 
crease by  juxtaposition. 

AGCROISSEMENT,  Increase. 

ACCUSATIO,  Indication. 

ACE'DIA,  Incu'ria,  from  a,  privative,  and 
Kijoos,  'care.'  "Want  of  care,  neglect.  Also,  fa- 
tigue.— Hippocrates. 

ACELLA,  Axilla. 

ACENINOSUS,  Curative. 

ACEOGNOSIA,  Pharmacognosia. 

ACEOLOGIA,  Materia  Medica. 

ACEPHALIA,  see  Acephalous. 

ACEPH'ALOBRACHUS,  from  a,  privative, 
KKpakt],  'head,'  and  jipa^iwv,  'arm.'  A  foetus 
without  head  or  arms. 

ACEPHALOCHI'RUS,  from  a,  privative,  kc- 
<6aXi7,  'head/  and  ^cip,  'hand.'  A  foetus  without 
head  or  hands. 

ACEPH'ALOCYST,  Acephalocys'tis,  from  a, 
privative,  icc<pa.Xj],  'head,'  and  KvoTig,  'bladder.' 
A  hydatiform  vesicle,  without  head  or  visible 
organs,  ranked  amongst  the  Entozoa,  although 
possessed  of  few  animated  characteristics.  In  no 
organ  of  the  body  are  acephalocysts  so  frequently 
found  as  in  the  liver.  Generally  it  is  the  'mul- 
tiple acephaloeyst,'  A.  sacia'lis  seu  prolif'era, 
which  is  met  with.  At  times,  however,  it  is  the 
'solitary  acephaloeyst,'  A.  eremi'ta  seu  ster'ilis. 

The  aeepjhalocystis  end,og"ena  has  a  firm  coat, 
and  is  composed  of  different  layers,  which  have 
numbers  of  smaller  hydatids  within  them,  and 
are  thrown  off  from  the  interior  of  the  parent 
cyst.  This  species  has  hence  been  termed  en- 
d-ogena,  to  distinguish  it  from  the  A.  exog"ena 
'A  ruminant  animals,  in  which  the  young  vesicles 
:ire  developed  from  the  exterior  of  the  parent 
vesicle. — See  Hydatid. 

ACEPHALOGAS'TER,  Athoracoceph'alua, 
from  a  privative,  KtyaXri,  '  head,'  and  yuarnp,  '  the 
b';ily.'   A  name  given  to  monsters  devoid  of  head, 


chest,  and  abdomen ;  or  to  those  which  have  an 
abdomen,  but  no  chest  or  head. 

ACEPHALOS'TOMA,  from  a  privative,  »c£^aXi;, 
'  head,'  and  arapa,  '  mouth.'  An  acephalous  foetus, 
at  the  upper  part  of  which  there  is  an  opening 
resembling  a  mouth. 

ACEPHALOTHO'RUS,  from  a  privative, 
Ki.(paXri,  'head,' and -Jwpal, ' chest,'  Apectoeepjh'alvs. 
A  monster  devoid  of  head  or  chest. 

ACEPH'ALOUS,  from  a  privative,  and  Kt<pa\ri, 
'head.'  A  monster  bom  devoid  of  head.  The 
condition  is  called  Acepiha'lia. 

ACER,  Acrid. 

Acer  PALiiiFOLniM,  A.  Saceharinum. 

Acer  Sacchari'num,  A.  palmifo'lium.  MajAe, 
Sugar  Maple.  (F.)  Erahle.  This  tree  contains 
a  large  amount  of  sweet  sap,  whence  a  consider- 
able quantity  of  sugar  may  be  extracted.  When 
purified,  this  sugar  can  scarcely  be  distinguished 
from  that  obtained  from  the  cane. — See  Saccha- 
rum. 

Acera'tes  Longifo'lia,  Long-leaved  green 
Milkweed ;  Order,  Asclepiadacese ;  indigenous, 
flowering  in  June  and  July;  has  the  properties 
of  the  order.     See  Asclepias. 

ACERATO'SIS,  from  a  privative,  and  wpo?, 
'  horn.'  Defective  development  of  the  corneous 
tissue. 

ACERB',  Acer'hm,  Stryphnos,  from  acer, 
'sharp.'  A  savour,  or  taste,  compounded  of  the 
acid,  bitter,  and  astringent;  such  as  is  met  with 
in  nnripe  fruits,  &c. 

ACER'CUS,  from  a  privative,  and  xepKo;,  'a 
tail.'     A  monster  devoid  of  tail. — Gurlt. 

ACE'RIDES,  Acero'des,  from  a  privative,  and 
Krjpog,  '  wax.'     Plasters  devoid  of  wax. — Galen, 

ACERODES,  Acerides. 

ACERO'SUS,  Achyro'des,  Pithyri'nua,  from 
a-)(^vpov,  '  chaff.'  Furfura' ceoua.  An  epithet  used 
by  Hippocrates,  for  the  coarsest  bread,  made  of 
flour  not  separated  from  the  chaff. — Foesius. 

ACERVULUS  CEREBRI.  See  Pineal  Gland 
— a.  Glandulus  Pinealis,  see  Pineal  Gland. 

ACES'CENCY,  Acescen'tia,  from  acescere,  'to 
grow  sour,'  (a/cif,  '  a  point,'  acer,  '  sharp.')  A  dis- 
position to  acidity.  The  humourists  believed  that 
the  animal  humours  are  susceptible  of  this  change. 

ACESIA,  Cure. 

ACESIS,  Curation,  Cure,  Medicament. 

ACESMA,  Medicament. 

ACESMIUS,  Curable. 

ACESMUS,  Cure. 

ACESODYNES,  Anodyne. 

ACESOPHORUS,  Curative. 

ACESTER,  Phvsieian. 

ACESTIS,  Medicament. 

ACESTOR,  Physician. 

ACESTORIA,  Medicine, 

ACESTORIS,  Midwife, 

ACESTOS,  Curable. 

ACESTRA,  Needle. 

ACESTRIA,  Midwife, 

ACESTRIS.  Midwife. 

ACESTRUM,  Medicament. 

ACETA  MEDICATA,  Acetica. 

ACETABULA  UTERINA,  Cotyledons. 

ACETAB'ULUM,  from  acetum,  '  vinegar,' be. 
cause  it  resembles  the  old  vinegar  vessel,  oxy- 
hnph'iun.  A  measure  capable  of  containing  the 
eighth  part  of  a  modem  pint.  Athena;us.  Galen, 
See  Cot}  loid.  According  to  Castelli,  the  lobes  or 
cotyledons  of  the  placentae  of  ruminating  animals 
have  been  so  called. 

Acetabulum,  Cotylo,  Cotyloid — a.  Humeri,  se« 
Glenoid — a.  Marinum,  Umbilicus  marinus. 

ACETA'RIA,  same  etymon.  A  salad  oi 
pickle. 

ACETAS,  Acetate. 


ACETATE 


41 


ACHEIR 


ACETATE,  Ace'tas.  A  salt  formed  by  the 
union  of  the  acetic  acid  with  an  alkaline,  earthy, 
or  metallic  base.  The  acetates  chieflj'  used  in 
medicine  are  the  acetates  of  ammonia,  lead, 
potash,  and  zinc. 

ACE'TICA,  Ace'ta  3Iedica'ta.  (F.)  Vinaigrea 
MSdiciiiaux.  Pharmaceutical  preparations  of 
vinegar. 

ACE'TICUM  AC'IDUM,  Acichtm  Ace'tieum 
for' tins,  A.  A.  forte,  A.  Ace'tieum purzim,  Ace' turn 
radiea'le,  Oxos,  Ace'tic  Acid,  Strong  Ace'tous 
Acid,  Acidum  Aceto' sum  forte,  Ead'ical  Vin'egar, 
Spir'itus  Yen'eris  (^when  made  from  verdigris,) 
.S)jin'i  of  Verdigris.  Concentrated  acetic  acid, 
prepared  by  decomposing  an  acetate  and  receiv- 
ing the  acetic  acid  by  distillation,  has  a  very 
pungent  and  grateful  odour,  and  an  acid  and 
acrid  taste.  Its  s.  g.  is  about  1.046,  and  it  is 
very  volatile. 

It  is  stimulant,  rubefacient,  and  escharotic,  and 
is  applied  to  the  nostrils  in  syncope,  asphyxia, 
headache,  &c.     It  destroys  warts. 

An  Aromatic  Spirit  of  Vinegar,  Ac" idum  Ace'- 
tieum OampJiora'tum,  A.  aceto'sum  camphor  a' turn, 
is  formed  of  this  strong  acid,  ^vj,  Camp)Tior,'^&s, 
01.  OaryopJi.  gtt.  XV. 

A  strong  Acetic  Acid  was  ordered  by  the  Lon- 
don pharmacopoeia  prepared  from  wood.  It  was 
called  Vinegar  of  wood.  Improved  distilled  Vine- 
gar, Pyrolig' neous  Acid,  Ace' turn  Ligno'rum,  and 
its  strength  was  such,  that  87  gr.  of  crystallized 
.subcarbonate  of  soda  should  saturate  100  grains 
of  the  acid. 

Ac" idum  Ace'tieum  Dilu'tum,  A.  A.  ten'tie,  Ace'- 
tum  destilla'tum,  Acidum  ace'tieum,  Acidum  aceto'- 
sum destilla' turn,  Acidum  ace'tieum  debil'ius,  Dia- 
til'led  vin'egar,  (F.)  Acide  Acetique  faihle,  Vi- 
naigre  distille,  is  prepared  by  distilling  vinegar, 
until  seven-eighths  have  passed  over.  An  Aci- 
dum acetician  dilutum,  Diluted  acetic  acid,  is 
made  by  mixing  half  a  pint  of  the  strong  acetic 
acid  with  five  pints  of  distUled  water. — Ph.  U.  S. 
Its  properties  are  like  those  of  vinegar. 

AcETicuji  Martiale,  Ferri  Acetas. 

ACETONE,  from  acefitm,  'vinegar.'  Spir'itus 
pyro-ace'ticus  ligno'sus,  Pyro-ace'tic  spirit,  Pyro- 
ace'tic,  Ether,  Mesit'ic  Al'cohol,  Bihydrate  of 
Mesit'ylene ;  erroneously  called  Naphtha  and 
Wood  Naphtha.  A  limpid,  colourless  liquid, 
having  a  peculiarly  penetrating  and  slightly  em- 
pyreumatic  odour.  Its  densit}'  in  the  liquid  state, 
is  almost  the  same  as  that  of  alcohol,  0.7921.  Its 
tast€  is  disagreeable,  and  analogous  to  that  of 
peppermint.  It  is  miscible  in  all  proportions 
with  water,  alcohol,  and  ether.  It  may  be  pre- 
pared by  distilling  a  mixture  of  two  parts  of 
crystallized  acetate  of  lead  and  one  part  of  quick- 
lime in  a  salt-glaze  jar  (gray-beard,)  the  lower 
part  of  the  jar  being  coated  with  fire-clay;  and 
a  bent  glass  tube,  half  an  inch  in  diameter, 
adapted  to  the  mouth  by  a  cork,  so  as  to  form  a 
distillatory  apparatus.  The  jar  is  supported  on 
-  the  mouth  of  a  small  furnace,  by  which  the  lower 
part  only  is  heated  to  redness,  and  the  vapours 
are  conducted  into  a  Liebig's  condenser.  The 
product  is  repeatedly  redistilled  from  quicklime, 
until  its  boiling  point  is  constant  at  132°. 

It  has  been  brought  forward  as  a  remedy  in 
phthisis  pulmonalis ;  but  evidently  with  un- 
founded pretensions.  It  is  an  excitant,  and  may 
be  serviceable  in  chronic  bronchitis.  The  dose 
is  ten  to  forty  drops  three  times  a  day,  diluted 
with  water. 

ACETOSA  ALPINA,  Eumex  alpinus  — a. 
Nostras,  Eumex  acetosa  —  a.  Pratensis,  Rumex 
aeetosa  —  a.  Romana,  Rumex  seutatus — a.  Ro- 
tundifoiia,  Rumex  seutatus  —  a.  Scutata,  Rumex 
•cutatus — a.  Vulgaris,  Rumex  acetosa. 


ACETOSELLA,  Oxalis  acetosclla. 

ACE'TUM,  o(uf,  Oxys,  Ace'tum  Vint,  A.  BrU 
tan'nicum.  Common  Vinegar,  Acidum  aceto'sum, 
A'legar,  Ace'tum  Cerevis'ice,  (F.)  Vinaigre  ;  from 
oKis,  *  a  point,'  acer,  'sharp.'  A  liquor  obtained 
by  the  acetous  fermentation.  A^inegar  has  a  pun- 
gent odour,  and  a  pleasant  acid  taste.  One  fluid 
ounce  of  the  Acetum  of  the  United  States  Phar- 
macopojia  is  saturated  by  about  35  grains  of 
crystallized  bicarbonate  of  soda.  It  is  refrigerant 
in  fevers;  antiseptic,  and  anti-narcotic;  and  ex- 
ternally is  stimulant  and  discutient. 

Vinegar  Whey  is  made  by  sturing  a  small 
wineglassful  of  vinegar,  sweetened  with  a  dessert 
spoonful  of  sugar,  in  a  pint  of  milk  ;  boiling  for 
fifteen  minutes,  and  straining.  Like  tamarind 
whey  it  is  an  agreeable  drink  in  febrile  aflections. 

Ace'tum  Aromat'icuji,  Acidum  Ace' ticum  Aro- 
mat'icum,  Ace'tum  Theriaca'le,  A.  quatuor furum, 
Thieves'  Vinegar,  Vinegar  of  the  four  Thievet^ 
Ilarseillea  Vinegar,  (F.)  Vinaigre  Aromatique, 
V.  des  quatre  voleure,  [Eorismarin.  caciim.  sice, 
Fol.  SalvicB  sing.  ^j.  Laiand.  for.  sice.  ^iv.  Ca- 
7-yoph.  cont.  ^ss.  Acid.  Acet.  Oij.  Macerate  7  days, 
and  filter. — Ph.  E.)  Odour,  pungent  and  aroma- 
tic.    Used  as  a  perfume. 

Acetum  Britannicum,  Acetum. 

Ace'tum  Canthak'idis,  Vinegar  of  Cantha- 
rides,  {Oantharid.jn  pulv.  ^iij.  Acid.  acet.  f  5v., 
Acid.  j>yrolign.  f^xv:  Euphorb.  in  pulv.  crass. 
^ss.  Mix  the  acids;  add  the  powders;  macerate 
for  seven  days;  strain;  express  strongly,  anU 
filter  the  liquor.— Ph.  E.  The  London  College 
macerates  cantharid.  ^ij  in  acid.  acet.  Oj.  for 
eight  days ;  expresses  and  strains.)  It  is  used 
as  a  prompt  vesicant. 

Ace'tum  Col'chici,  Vinegar  of  meadow  saffron. 
[Colchic.  rad.  contus.  ^ij  ;  Acid,  acetic,  dilut.  seu 
Acet.  destillat.  Oij  ;  Ph.  U.  S.  1851.  It  may  also 
be  made  by  displacement.)  It  is  used  as  a  diu- 
retic, and  also  in  gout.     Dose  f.^ss.  to  ^iss. 

Acetum  Destillatum;  see  Aceticum  acidum 
— a.  Lignorum  :  see  Aceticum  acidum — a.  Mul- 
sum  dulce,  Osyglycus — a.  Opii,  Guttse  Nigrse — 
a.  Quatuor  furum,  Acetum  Aromaticum — a.  Ra- 
dicale,  Aceticum  Acidum — a.  Rosatum  Oxyrrho- 
dinon. 

Acetum  Scill^,  Acidtim  Ace'tieum  Scillit'- 
icum.  Vinegar  of  Squills,  (F.)  Vinaigre  sciUi- 
tique,  {Scillce  contus.  ^iv;  Acet.  destillat.  Oij; 
Ph.  U.  S.  It  may  also  be  made  by  displace- 
ment.) Diuretic,  expectorant,  and  emetic.  Doso 
f  ^ss  to  ^ij  as  a  diuretic  and  expectorant. 

Acetum  Theriacale,  Acetum  aromaticum. 

ACEYTE  DE  SAL.  A  remedy  for  broncho- 
cele  used  in  S.  America.  Roulin  found  it  to  con- 
tain a  portion  of  iodine. 

ACHACANA.  A  species  of  cactus,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Potosi  in  Peru.  Its  root  is  thick  and 
fleshy,  and  of  a  conical  shape.  It  is  a  good  edi- 
ble, and  is  sold  in  the  markets  of  the  country. 

ACHANACA.  A  plant  of  the  kingdom  of 
Mely  in  Africa,  It  is  used  by  the  natives  as  an 
antisyphilitie. 

ACHAOVAN,  a  species  of  Egyptian  chamo- 
mile.— Prosper  Alpinus. 

ACHAOVAN-ABIAT.  The  Egyptian  name 
of  Cineraria  maritima,  used  in  female  diseases. 

ACHAR,  Atchar. 

ACHE,  Apium  graveolens — a.  des  Montagnes, 
Ligusticum  levisticum. 

ACHEI'LIA,  Achi'lia,  from  a,  priv.,  and  ;\;«Ao?, 
'lip.'  A  malformation,  consisting  in  a  deficiency 
of  a  lip  or  lips. 

ACHEI'LUS,  Achi'lus,  same  eiymon.  Ono 
who  is  without  lips. 

ACHEIR,  Achir,  Be'manus,  from  a,  privative^ 
and  ^eip,  'hand.'     One  di  void  of  hands. — Galea. 


ACHEIKIA 


42 


ACID 


ACHEI'E,IA,  Achi'ria :  same  etymon.  The 
•late  of  being  devoid  of  hands. 

ACUEROIS,  Populus. 

ACHIA,  Achiar.  A  name  given  in  Ir-'^ia  to 
the  pickled  shoots  of  the  bamboo. 

Ac  HI  A,  Atchar. 

ACHIAFo,  Achia. 

ACHIC'OLUM,  Achit'ol-M,  Hidrote' r'''<-^,  Su- 
dn'rium,  Fornix,  Tholiis,  Sudato'rium.  The 
sweating-room  in  the  ancient  bagnios. 

ACHILIA,  Acheilia. 

ACniLLE'A  AGE'RATUM,  A.  Visco'in,  Bal- 
K'lmi'ta  fcemin' ea,  Eupato'riuni  mes'ces.  Age'ra- 
tiim,  Cos'tus  horto'rum  minor,  3Iaiidlin,  3Iaudlin 
Tansey ;  (F.)  Achillea  Visqueuse ;  Nat.  Ord. 
Compositae  ;  Suh.  Ord.  Anthemidese  ;  Sex.  Syst. 
Sj'ngenesia  Polygamia  superflua, — has  the  same 
properties  as  tansey,  bitter  and  aromatic,  and  is 
•ised  in  like  aifections. 

Achille'a  Atra'ta,  Herha  Gen'ijii  veri,  (F.) 
Achillee  Noire,  has  similar  virtues. 

Achille'a  Millefo'lium,  Achille'a  Myrio- 
phyl'lon,  Chrysoc'oma,  Millefo'lium,  Ghiliophyl' - 
Ion,  Lumhus  Ven'eris,  Oommon  Yarroic  or  3Iil- 
foll,  (F.)  Mille/euille.  The  leaves  and  flowers 
have  an  aromatic  smell,  and  a  rough,  bitterish, 
somewhat  pungent  taste.  They  have  been  used 
in  dyspepsia,  flatulence,  &c.  An  extract  of  the 
plant,  made  with  proof  spirit,  has  been  called 
AchilleV num  ;  and  is  used  by  the  Italians  in  in- 
termittent fever. 

Achille'a  Ptar'mica,  Pseudo-py'refhrvm, 
Py'rethrum  sylves'tre,  Draco  sylces'tris,  Tarehon 
tylvestris,  Sternutamento'ria,  JDracun'cidt(s  Pra- 
ten'sis,  Sneeze-tcort,  Bastard Pel'litory,  Ptar'mica. 
(F.)  Herhe  d,  eternuer.  The  roots  and  flowers 
have  a  hot,  biting  taste,  approaching  that  of  py- 
rethrum.  Their  principal  use  is  as  a  masticatory 
find  sialogogue. 

Achillea  Viscosa,  A.  Ageratum. 

ACHILLEE  NOIRE,  AchUlea  atrata  — a. 
Visqueuse,  Achillea  ageratum. 

ACHILLEINUM,  see  Achillea  Millefolium. 

ACHILLE'IS.  A  beautiful  species  of  barley, 
mentioned  by  Theophrastus  and  Galen,  called 
after  Achilles,  a  labourer.  The  decoction  was 
used  in  fevers  and  jaundice. — Hippocrates. 

ACHIL'LIS  TENDO,  Funis  Hippoc'ratis, 
Corda  seu  Ohorda  Hippoc'ratis,  Corda  magna, 
Nervus  latus,  (F.)  Tendon  d'Achi lie.  The  strong 
tendon  of  the  gastrocnemii  muscles  above  the 
heel :  so  ca,lled,  because  it  was  the  only  vulnera- 
ble part  of  Achilles,  or  because  of  its  strength. 
See  Tendon. 

ACHILUS,  Aeheilus. 

ACHIMBASSI.  An  archiater  or  chief  of  phy- 
sicians. A  name  given,  at  Grand  Cairo,  to  a 
magistrate  who  licenses  physicians. 

ACHIR,  Acheir. 

ACHIRIA,  Acheiria. 

ACHITOLUS,  Achicolum. 

ACHLYS,  Caligo. 

ACHMELLA,  Spilanthus  aemella. 

ACHXE.  Lint.  See  Linteum.  Also,  small 
mucous  flocculi  seen  in  front  of  the  cornea. — 
Hippocrates. 

ACHOL'IA,  from  a,  privative,  aad  ;^oXj/,  'bile.' 
Deficiency  or  want  of  bile. 

ACH'OLUS  :  same  etymon.  One  deficient  in 
bile. 

ACHOR,  Porrigo  larvalis. 

ACHO'RES.  A  term  often  employed  by  the 
Ancients  to  designate  both  crusta  lac'tca,  and 
small  superficial  ulcerations  on  the  skin  of  the 
lace  and  head.     See  Porrigo  Larvalis. 

AcHORES  Capitis,  Porrigo  scutulata. 

ACHORION  SCHONLEINL  See  Porrigo  fa- 
Tosa. 


ACHORIS'TUS,  from  a,  priv.,  and  X'^P'^<^>  '1 
separate.'  Any  sign  which  necessarily  accompa- 
nies a  state  of  health  or  disease. 

ACHOUROU.  The  Caraib  name  for  a  speciea 
of  mj'rtle  used  in  dropsy. 

ACHRAS  AUSTRALIS,  Sapota^a.  Sapota, 
Sapota — a.  Zapota,  Sapota. 

ACHROI,  Achromatis'ti,  Achro'mafi,  AcJtro'mi, 
from  a,  privative,  and  xP<^!"^j  '  colour.'  Pale  indi- 
viduals.— Hippocrates.  It  is  nearly  synonymous 
with  ^iKpatfjLoi,  leipha'mia,  persons  without  colour; 
bloodless. 

ACHROMASIA,  Decoloration. 

ACHROMATI,  Achroi. 

ACHROMAT'IC,  Achromat'icus;  same  etymon. 
A  lens,  so  constructed  as  to  correct  the  aberration 
of  refrangibility  of  common  lenses,  is  so  termed. 
The  Crystalline  is  an  achromatic  lens. 

ACHROMATISTI,  Achroi. 

A  C H  R  0  M A  TOPSIA,  Chromatopseudop' sia, 
Ohromatometahlepi' sia,  Dyscliromatop' sia.  Para- 
chro'ma,  Parora'sis,  Visits  de'color.  Colour  hlind- 
ness,  Idiopi'tcy,  Dal'tonism,  from  a,  privative,  Xf"^' 
fia,  'colour,'  and  o-KTOfiai,  'I  see.'  Incapability  of 
distinguishing  colours ;  a  defect  situate  in  the  ce- 
rebral part  of  the  visual  organ.  Persons  so  cir- 
cumstanced have  been  termed  by  Mr.  Whewell, 
Idiopts.     See  Acyanoblepsia  and  Anerythropsia. 

ACHROMI,  Achroi. 

ACHYLO'SIS,  from  a,  privative,  and  x^^°^' 
'juice,  chyle.'  Defective  chylosis  or  formation 
of  chyle. 

ACHYMO'SIS,  from  a,  privative,  and  x"h^'> 
'juice,  chyme.'     Defective  chymification. 

ACHYRODES,  Acerosus. 

ACHYROX,  Furfur. 

A'CIA,  from  oKig,  a  point.  A  word  used  by 
Celsus,  which  has  puzzled  commentators, — some 
believing  it  to  have  meant  a  needle ;  others  the 
thread;  and  others,  again;  the  kind  of  suture, 
"Ada  mollis,  non  nimis  torta." — Celsus,  Galen. 
(Chifilet  thinks  it  meant  the  thread. — Antwerp, 
1638.) 

ACID,  Ae"idu8,  Oxya.  (F.)  Acide,  Aigre,  from 
oKif,  'a  point;'  sharp;  sour;  especially  as  ap- 
plied to  odorous  or  sapid  substances.  The  French 
also  use  the  term  aigre,  when  referring  to  the 
voice,  in  the  sense  of  sharp  and  shrill: — as  une 
voix  aigre,  vox  aspera. 

Acid,  Acetic,  Aceticum  acidum  —  a.  Acetic, 
dilute,  see  Aceticum  acidum. 

Acid,  Acetous,  Strong,  Aceticum  acidum 
—  a.  Aerial,  Carbonic  acid  —  a.  Antimonious, 
Antimonium  diaphoreticum — a.  Arsenious,  Arse- 
nicum album — a.  Auric,  see  Gold — a.  Azotic,  Ni- 
tric acid — a.  Benzoic,  Benjamin,  flowers  of — a. 
Boric,  Boracic  acid — a.  Calcareous,  Carbonic  acid 
— a.  Carbonaceous,  Carbonic  acid — a.  Carbonous, 
Oxalic  acid — a.  Chromic,  see  Chromic  acid — a. 
Citric,  Citric  acid — a.  Cyanh}'dric,  Hj^drocyanic 
acid — a.  Cyanohydric,  Hydrocyanic  acid — a. 
Gastric,  Gastric  juice. 

Acid,  Gallic,  Ac"idum  Gall'icum.  (F.)  Acide 
Gallique.  This  acid  is  found  in  most  of  the  astrin- 
gent plants  that  contain  tannic  acid  of  the  kind 
obtained  from  galls.  It  is  in  delicate  silky  nee- 
dles, usually  somewhat  yellowish,  inodorous,  and 
of  a  harsh,  somewhat  astringent  taste.  It  dis- 
solves in  one  hundred  parts  of  cold  and  three 
parts  of  boiling  water.  It  is  very  soluble  in  alco- 
hol, and  but  slightly  so  Ln  ether. 

It  has  been  highly  extolled  in  internal  hemor- 
rhage, especially  from  the  urinary  organs  and 
uterus.     Dose  from  ten  to  twenty  grains. 

The  last  Pharmacopoeia  of  the  United  States 
(1851)  directs  it  to  be  made  by  exposing  a  thin 
paste  of  powdered  galls  and  distilled  water  for  a 
month,  adding  the  water  from  time  to  time  to  pre- 


ACIBE  ACETIQUE  FAIBLE 


43 


ACIDUM  ACETICUM 


serve  the  consistence;  expressing  the  paste;  boil- 
ing the  residue  in  distilled  water;  filtering  through 
animal  charcoal,  and  crystallizing. 

Acid,  Hippu'ric,  Ac"idum  Hippu'ricum,  Uro- 
hen'zoio  acid.  An  acid  found  in  the  urine  of  gra- 
TuiniTorous  animals.  It  is  contained  in  human 
urine,  especially  after  benzoic  acid  has  been  taken. 
See  Hipijuria. 

Acid,  Hydmod'ic,  Ac"idum  Hydriod'iciim. 
This  acid  is  made  by  mixing  solutions  of  iodide 
of  potassium  and  tartaric  acid;  filtering  the  liquor 
to  separate  the  bitartrate  of  potassa,  and  adding 
water  to  make  the  resulting  hydriodic  acid  of  de- 
finite strength. 

It  has  been  used  in  the  same  eases  as  the  pre- 
parations of  iodine  in  general,  but  is  rarely  em- 
ployed. 

Acid,  Hydrochloronitric,  Nitro-muriatic  acid 
— a.  Hydrocyanic,  Hydrocyanic  acid — a.  Hydro- 
cyanic, dilute,  see  Hydrocyanic  acid — a.  Hydro- 
sulphuric,  Hydrogen,  sulphuretted — a.  Hydro  thi- 
onic,  Hydrogen,  sulphuretted  —  a.  Igasuric  :  see 
Jatropha  curcas. 

Acid,  Iodic,  Ac"idum  lod'icum,  (F.)  Acide 
lodique.  This  is  obtained  by  boiling  iodine 
with  nitric  acid;  or  by  decomposing  iodate  of 
haryta  by  dilute  sulphuric  acid.  It  is  a  white, 
transparent  solid,  slightly  deliquescent,  and  very 
soluble  in  water.  It  has  been  given  with  sulphate 
of  quinia  in  hoarseness,  scrofula,  incipientphthisis, 
chronic  inflammation,  syphilis,  <tc.  Dose  three  to 
six  grains,  or  more. 

Acid  of  Lemons,  Citric  acid — a.  Lithic,  Uric 
acid  —  a.  Dephlogisticated  marine.  Chlorine  — 
a.  Mephitic,  Carbonic  acid  —  a.  of  Milk,  Lactic 
acid  —  a.  Muriatic,  see  Muriaticum  acidum  —  a. 
Muriatic,  dilute,  Muriaticum  acidum  —  a.  Ni- 
tric, see  Nitric  acid — a.  Nitric,  dilute,  see  Nitric 
Acid — a.  Nitro-hj'drochloric,  Nitro-muriatic  acid 
— a.  Nitro-Muriatic,  see  Nitro-Muriatic  Acid — a. 
Nitrous,  dephlogisticated,  Nitric  acid — a.  Oxysep- 
tonic.  Nitric  acid — a.  Polygalic:  see  Polygala  se- 
nega— a.  Prussic,  Hj'droeyanic  acid — a.  Pyrolig- 
neous :  see  Aceticum  acidum — a.  Pyrolignic,  Py- 
roligneous  acid — a.  of  Sorrel,  Oxalic  acid — a.  of 
Sugar,  Oxalic  acid — a.  Sulphuric,  see  Sulphuric 
acid — a.  Tannic,  Tannin — a.  Uric,  Uric  acid — a. 
Urobenzoic,  A.  Hippuric — a.  Urous,  Uric  oxide — 
a.  Urylic,  Uric  acid — a.  Chromique,  Chromic  acid. 

ACIBE  AOETIQUE  FAIBLE,  see  Aceticum 
acidum  —  a.  Boracique,  Boracic  acid — a.  Chro- 
mique, Chromic  acid  —  a.  Gallique,  Acid,  gallic 
—  a.  Hydrocyanique,  Hydrocyanic  acid  —  a. 
Hydrosulfurique,  Hydrogen,  sulphuretted  —  a. 
lodique.  Acid,  iodic — a.  Lactique,  Lactic  acid — 
a.  Nitrique,  Nitric  acid — a.  Phosphorique,  Phos- 
phoric acid — a.  Pru^sique,  Hydrocyanic  acid — a. 
Stilfureux,  Sulphurous  acid — a.  Sulfurique,  Sul- 
phuric acid — a.  Sulfurique  delaye,  Sulphuricum 
acidum  dilutum — a.  Tannique,  Tannin. 

ACIDITATIO,  Acidities. 

ACID'ITIES,  Aco'res,  Acidita'tio,  Ac"idum 
morho'suin,  Ac"iduin  prima'rum  via'rum,  Oxyteg, 
Sordea  ac"ideB.  (F.)  Aigreurs.  Sourness  of  the 
stomach,  the  result  of  indigestion,  indicated  by 
acid  eructations,  &c.  The  aflFeotion  is  very  com- 
mon in  children,  and  must  be  obviated  by  absorb- 
ents, as  magnesia,  chalk,  &,c.,  and  by  regulated 
diet. 

ACIDOLOG''IA,  from  axi?,  'a point,  a  sharp 
instrument,'  and  Xoyoi,  'a  description.'  A  de- 
scription of  surgical  instruments. 

ACIDOM'ETER,  {¥.)  Acidomltre,  Pese-acide, 
from  acid,  and  fierfjov,  measure.  A  hydrometer 
for  determining  the  density  of  acids. 

ACIDS,  Ac"ida,  Aco'res,  are  liquid,  solid,  or 
gaseous  bodies,  possessed  of  a  sour,  more  or  less 
caustic  taste,  and  the  principal  character  of  which 


is  the  capability  of  saturating,  wholly  or  in  part, 
the  alkaline  properties  of  bases. 

Acids,  in  general,  are  refrigerent  and  antisep- 
tic. Their  particular  uses  are  pointed  out  under 
the  individual  articles. 

To  ACID'ULATE.  (F.)  Aiguiser,  Aciduler. 
To  render  acidulous,  or  slightly  acid. 

ACID'ULOUS,  Acid'ulus,  Oxo'des,  OxoVdea. 
(F.)  Aeidule,  Aigrelet.  Substances  are  so  callea 
which  possess  a  sourish  taste,  as  tamarinds,  cream 
of  tartar,  &e. 

Acidulous  Fruits.   Oranges,  gooseberries,  &o. 

AciDtTLOus  Waters,  Aquce  Acidula.  Mineral 
waters  containing  carbonic  acid  gas  sufficient  to 
render  them  sourish.     See  Waters,  mineral. 

Acidulous  Water,  Simple,  Aqua  Ac"idi  Car- 
bon'ici,  (Ph.  U.  S.)  Aqua  a'eris  fixi,  Aqua  acid'- 
ula  simplex,  Liquor  seu  Aqtia  Sodcp,  efferves'cens, 
Aqua  Carhona'tis  Soda  acid'ula.  Soda  icater.  Mi- 
neral water,  (F.)  Eau  Aeidule  simple,  is  water 
impregnated  with  fixed  air. 

Water,  so  impregnated,  is  cooling,  and  slightly 
stimulating.  It  is  used  beneficially  in  dyspepsia, 
and  in  cases  of  vomiting,  &c. 

ACIDUM  ACETICUM,  Aceticum  acidum— a. 
Aceticum  aromaticum,  Acetum  aromaticum — a. 
Aceticum  camphoratum  :  see  Aceticum  acidum — • 
a.  Aceticum  dilutum :  see  Aceticum  Acidum — a, 
Aceticum  empyreumaticum,  Pyroligneous  acid — • 
a.  Aceticum  Scilliticum,  Acetum  scillfe — a.  Ace- 
tosellee.  Oxalic  acid — a.  Acetosum,  Acetum — a. 
AUantoicum,  Allantoic  acid — a.  Amnieum,  Am- 
niotic acid — a.  Arsenicosum,  Arsenious  acid — a, 
Arseniosum,  (Ph.  U.  S.)  Arsenious  acid — a.  Azo- 
ticum.  Nitric  Acid^-a.  Benzoicum,  Benjamin, 
Flowers  of — -a.  Boracicum,  Boracic  acid — a.  Bo- 
russicum.  Hydrocyanic  acid  —  a.  Carbonicum, 
Carbonic  acid — a.  Citricum,  Citric  acid — a.  Gal- 
licum.  Acid,  gallic — a.  Hydriodicum,  Acid  hydri- 
odic— a.  Hydrocarbonicum,  Oxalic  acid — a.  Hy- 
drochloricum,  Muriaticum  acidum — a.  Hj'drocy- 
anicum,  Hj'drocyanic  acid — a.  Hydrocyanicum 
dilutum,  see  Hydrocyanic  Acid — a.  Ilydrothioni- 
cum  liquidum,  see  Hydrosulphuretted  water — a. 
lodicum.  Acid,  iodic — a.  Jatrophicum,  see  Jatro- 
pha curcas — a.  Lacticum,  Lactic  acid — a.  Ligne- 
um,  Pyroligneous  acid — a.  Ligni  pyro-oleosum, 
Pyroligneous  acid — a.  Lithicum,  Uric  acid — a. 
Marinum  concentratum,  Muriaticum  acidum — a. 
Morbosum,  Acidities — a.  Muriaticum,  Muriaticum 
acidum — -a.  Muriaticum  dilutum,  Muriatic  acid — a. 
Muriaticum  nitroso-oxygenatum,  Nitro-muriatic 
acid — a.  Nitri,  Nitric  acid — a.  Nitricum,  Nitric 
acid — a.  Nitricum  dilutum,  Nitric  acid — a.  Nitro- 
Muriaticum,  Nitro-muriatic  acid — a.  Oxalinum, 
Oxalic  acid — a.  Phosphoricum,  Phosphoric  acid 
— a.  Primarum  viarum,  Acidities — a.  Prussicum, 
Hydrocyanic  acid — a.  Pyro-aceticum,  Pyroligne- 
ous acid — a.  Pyrolignosum,  Pyroligneous  acid — 
a.  Pyroxylicum,  Pyroligneous  acid — a.  Querci- 
tannicum,  Tannin — a.  Sacchari,  Oxalic  acid — a. 
Saccharinum,  Oxalic  acid — a.  Salis,  Muriaticum 
acidum — a.  Salis  culinaris,  Muriaticum  acidum — 
a.  Salis  marini,  Muriaticum  acidum — a.  Septicum, 
Nitric  acid — a.  Succinicum,  Succinic  acid — a.  Sul- 
phuricum, Sulphuric  acid — a.  Sulphuricum  alcoo- 
lisatum.  Elixir  acidum  Halleri — a.  Sulphuricum 
aromaticum,  Sulphuric  acid,  aromatic  —  a.  Sul- 
phuricum dilutum,  Sulphuric  acid,  diluted — a. 
Sulphuris  volatile.  Sulphurous  acid — a.  Sulphu- 
rosicum.  Sulphurous  acid — a.  Tannicum,  Tannin 
— a.  Tartari  essentiale,  Tartaric  acid — a.  Tartari- 
cum.  Tartaric  acid — a.  Tartarosum,  Tartaric  acid 
—  a.  Urieum,  Uric  acid — a.  Urolithieum,  Uric 
acid — a.  Vitriolicum,  Sulphuric  acid — a.  Vitrioli- 
cum  aromaticum,  Sulphuricum  acidum  aromati- 
cum— a.  Vitriolicum  alcohole  "vromatieum,  Sul- 
phuricum acidum   aromaticum — a.    Vitrioliruia 


ACIDURGIA 


44 


ACOPTS 


vinosum,  Elixir  acidum  Halleri — a.  Zootieum, 
Hydrocyanic  acid — a.  Zootinicum,  Hydrocyanic 
acid. 

ACIDURGUA,  Surgery  (operative.) 

AGIER,  Chalybs. 

ACIES,  Ciialybs — a.  Digitorum  manus,  Pha- 
langes of  the  fingers — a.  Diurna,  Hemeralopia. 

ACINE'SIA,  Acine'sie,  Akitie'sia,  ImmohiVi- 
t(M,  Quies,  Requies,  Mequie'tio,  Esych'ia,  Erem'ia, 
fi-6m  a,  privative,  and  Kivrjing,  motion,'  Kiveu,  '1 
move.'  Rest.  Immobility.  Also,  the  interval 
between  the  systole  and  diastole  of  the  heart — 
Parasys'tole. 

Under  the  term  Aoineses,  Remberg  includes 
the  j)aralytic  neuroses,  or  those  that  ars  charac- 
cerized  by  defect  of  motive  power. 

ACINI  OF  MALPIGHI,  Corpora  Malp'ghisna. 

ACINIFORMIS  (TUNICA)  Choroid,  Uvea. 

ACINUS,  Ac"inu8  glandido'sue,  froKU  ac"inii3, 
'a  grape-stone.'  A  glandiform eorpuaclz  or  gra- 
nulation, in  which  secretion  was  supposed  to  take 
place,  and  the  excretory  radicle  to  arise.  Acini 
are  the  glob'uli  arteria'rvin  ter'mini  of  Nichols. 
The  term  ac"iiii  glandulo'ei  has  also  been  given 
to  glands,  ^rhich,  like  the  pancreas,  are  arranged 
as  it  were  in  clusters.     See  Lobule. 

ACIFENSER,  see  Ichthyocolla. 

ACIURGIA,  Surgery,  (operative.) 

ACLEITROCARDIA,  Cyanopathy. 

ACMAS'TICUS,  from  aic/ir;,  'the  top,'  and  (rrau, 
'  I  remain.'  A  fever  which  preserves  an  equal 
degree  of  intensity  throughout  its  course.  It  is 
also  called  Honiot'onos.  The  Greeks  gave  it  the 
name  of  Epacmas'ticos,  and  Syn'ochos,  when  it 
went  on  increasing, — and  Paracmaa'ticoa,  when 
it  decreased. — Galen. 

ACME,  Vigor,  Gor'ypTie,  Gulmina'tio,  Status, 
Fa8tig"iu,m.  The  period  of  a  disease  at  which 
the  symptoms  are  most  violent.  Arche,  Apxit  is 
'the  commencement;'  anah'aais,  avaffaai;,  'the 
period  of  increase  ;'  and  acme,  aKjiri,  'the  height.' 

ACMELLA,  Spilanthus  acmella — a.  Mauriti- 
ana,  Spilanthus  acmella. 

ACMON,  Incus. 

ACNE,  Acna,  Ion' thus  varus,  Varus,  Paydra'cia 
Acne,  Stone  Pock,  Whelk,  Buhucle,  (F.)  Dartre 
pustuleuse  disseminee.  A  small  pimple  or  tuber- 
cle on  the  face. — Gorraeus.  Foesius  thinks  the 
word  ought  to  be  Acme;  and,  according  to  Cas- 
sius,  it  is,  at  all  events,  derived  from  a/c//;?,  'vi- 
gour ;'  the  disease  affecting  those  in  the  vigour 
of  life,  especially. 

Willan  and  Bateman  have  adopted  the  term  in 
their  Nosology  of  cutaneous  diseases,  and  placed 
it  in  the  Order,  Tubercula.  Acne,  with  them,  is 
an  eruption  of  distinct,  hard,  inflamed  tubercles, 
sometimes  continuing  for  a  considerable  length 
of  time,  and  sometimes  suppurating  slowly  and 
partially.  They  usually  appear  on  the  forehead, 
temples  and  chin,  and  are  common  to  both  sexes; 
but  the  most  severe  forms  are  seen  in  young  men. 
They  require  but  little  management,  and  consist 
of  four  varieties ;  Acne  indura'ta,  A.  simplex, 
(Haplo'dcne,)  A.  puncta'ta  (^lon'thus  varus  punc- 
ta'tus,  PunctcB  Tnuco'sa,  Comedo'nea  or  Maggot 
PimplCj)  and  A.  rosa'cea. — See  Gutta  Rosea. 

Acne  Rosacea,  Gutta  rosea — a.  of  the  Throat, 
Pharyngitis,  follicular. 

ACNES'TIS,  from  a,  privative,  and  Kvativ,  'to 
fccratch.'  The  part  of  the  spine  which  extends, 
in  quadrupeds,  from  between  the  shoulders  to  the 
l.iins.  According  to  Pollux,  the  middle  of  the 
loins.     The  vertebral  column. 

ACNESTOS,  Cneorum  tricoccum. 

ACOE,  Audition,  Ear. 

ACCE'LIOS,  from  a,  privative,  and  (coiAia,  'belly.' 
Devoid  of  belly.  One  who  is  so  emaciated  as  to 
appear  to  have  no  belly. — Galen, 


ACOEMETER,  Acoumeter. 

ACOEMETRUM,  Acoumeter. 

ACOENOSI,  AconusL 

ACOE  SIS,  Audition. 

ACOGNOSIA,  Pharmacognosia. 

ACOLASIA,  Intemperance. 

ACOLOGY,  Materia  Medica. 

ACONE,  Mortar. 

ACQ  NIT  A  GRANDS  FLEURS,  Aconitum 
cammarum — a.  Salutaire,  Aconitum  anthora. 

ACONITA,  see  Aconitum  napellus. 

ACONITE;^  Aconitum — a.  FoUa,  see  Aconitum 
— a.  Radix,  see  Aconitum. 

ACONITI  FOLIA,  see  Aconitum  — a.  Radix, 
see  Aconitum. 

ACONITIA,  see  Aconitum  napeUns. 

ACONITIN,  see  Aconitum  napellus. 

ACONITINE,  seeAconitum  napellus. 

ACONITIUM,  see  Aconitum  napellus. 

ACONI'TUM,  from  Ac'one,  a  place  in  Bithy- 
nia,  where  it  is  common.  Cynoc'tonon,  Purda- 
lian'chea,  Pardalian'chum,  Ganici'da,  Ac'onite, 
Wolfsbane,  Monkshood.  Nat.  Ord.  Ranuncula- 
cese.     Sex.  Syst.  Polyandria  Trigynia. 

Aconitum,  Aconite,  in  the  Pharmacopoeia  of 
the  United  States,  1842,  is  the  leaves  of  Aconi- 
tum napellus,  and  A.  paniculatum.  In  the  last 
edition,  1851,  Aconiti  folia  is  the  officinal  name 
for  the  leaves ;  Aconiti  radix  for  that  of  the  root. 

Aconi'tum  An'thorA,  Aconi'tum  Salutif  erum, 
seu  nemoro'sum  seu  Gandol'lei  seu  Jacqiiini  seu 
eid'ophum  seu  author o'ideum,  An'thora  vulga'ris, 
An'thora,  Antith'ora,  Sal'utary  Monkshood, 
Wholesome  Wolfsbane,  Yellow  helmet  flower. 
(F.)  Aconit  salutaire.  The  root  of  this  variety, 
as  of  all  the  rest,  is  poisonous.  It  is  used  as  a 
cathartic  and  anthelmintic.     Dose  Qss  to  ^j. 

Aconitum  Anthoroideum,  A.  anthora. 

Aconi'tum  Cam'marum,  A.  panicula'tum,  A. 
macran'thum,  A.  Kuanezo'vii,  (F.)  Aconit  d 
grands  fleurs,  resembles  Aconitum  Napellus  in 
properties. 

Aconitum  Candollei,  A.  anthora — a.  Eulo- 
phum,  A.  anthora — a.  Jacquini,  A.  anthora — a, 
Kusnezovii,  A.  cammarum — a.  Macranthum,  A. 
cammarum. 

Aconi'tum  Napel'lus,  Napel'lua  verus,  Aco- 
ni'tum, Gommon  Monkshead  or  Wolfsbane,  A.  Ne- 
omonta'num.  (F.)  Ohaperonde  3foine.  The  leaves 
are  narcotic,  sudorific,  and  deobstruent  (?)  They 
have  been  used  in  chronic  rheumatism,  scrofula, 
scirrhus,  paralysis,  amaurosis,  &c.  The  active 
principle  is  called  Aconit'ia,  Aconiti'na,  Aconi'ta, 
Aconit'ium  or  Aconiti7ie.  A  form  for  its  prepara- 
tion is  contained  in  the  Ph.  U.  S.  (1851.)  It  is 
made  by  treating  an  alcoholic  extract  of  the  root 
with  dilute  sulphuric  acid;  precipitating  by  solu- 
tion of  ammonia;  dissolving  the  precipitate  in 
dilute  aidphuric  acid;  treating  with  animal  char- 
coal; again  precipitating  with  solution  of  ammo- 
nia; washing  with  water,  and  drying.  It  re- 
quires 150  parts  of  cold  and  60  of  boiling  water 
to  dissolve  it,  but  is  readily  dissolved  by  alcohol 
and  ether.  It  neutralizes  the  acids,  and  forms 
with  them  uncrystallizable  salts.  It  has  been 
used  internally,  and  especially  applied  exter- 
nally, in  neuralgic  cases,  iatraleptically  and  en- 
dermically.     Dose  of  Aconitum,  gr.  j.  to  gr.  iij. 

Aconitum  Nemorosum,  A.  anthora — a,  Neo- 
montanum,  A.  napellus — a.  Paniculatum,  A.  cam- 
marum— a.  Racemosum,  Actoea  spicata — a.  Salu- 
tiferum,  A.  anthora. 

ACONU'SI,  Acoen'osi,  Aeoon'osi,  from  okov, 
'audition,'  and  vovaoi,  'disease.'  Morhi  au'ritim 
et  andi'tds.     Diseases  of  the  ears  and  audition. 

ACOONOSI,  Aconusi. 

AC'OPIS.    Same  etymon  as  the  next.    Pliny 


ACOPON 


45 


Acmsis 


gives  ttis  name  to  a  precious  ston^,  which  was 
boiled  in  oil  and  used  against  weariness. 

AC'OPON,  from  a,  privative,  and  koito;,  'weari- 
ness.' A  remedy  against  weariness — Foesius,  Gor- 
rseus,  ifec.  Ac'opum, — Celsus,  Pliny.  SeeAnagyris. 

ACOPRIA,  Constipation. 

ACOPROSIS,  Constipation. 

ACOR  BENZOINUS,  Benjamin— a.  Boraci- 
cus,  Boracic  acid — a.  Sucoineus,  Succinic  acid — 
a.  Sulphuris,  Sulphuric  acid — a.  Tartaricus,  Tar- 
iaric  acid. 

AOORE  BATARD,  Iris  pseudacorus  —  a. 
Faux,  Iris  pseudacorus — a.  Odorant,  Acorus 
calamus. 

ACORES,  Acids,  and  Acidities. 

ACOR'IA,  from  o,  privative,  and  xoptiji,  '  I  sa- 
tiate.' An  inordinate  or  canine  appetite. — Hip- 
pocrates. 

ACORI'TES.  A  wine  made  of  Acorus.— Dios- 
corides. 

ACOR'MUS,  from  a,  privative,  and  Kopnog, 
'  trunk.'     A  monster  devoid  of  a  trunk. — Gurlt. 

ACORN,  JUPITER'S,  Fagus  castanea— a. 
Oily,  GuUandina  moringa — a.  Sardinian,  Fagus 
castanea. 

ACORNS.     See  Quercus  alba. 

ACORUS  ADULTERINUS,  Iris  pseudacorus. 

Ac'ORUS  Cal'AMUS.  a.  Vents,  Cal'amus  Aro- 
mat'icus,  C.  Odora'tus,  Cal'amus  vulga'ris,  Typha 
Aromat'ica,  Acorus  Brazilien'sis,  Clava  Rugo'sa, 
Sweetjiag  or  Ae'orus,  Flagroot,  Sweet  cane.  Myrtle 
Flag,  Sweet  grass,  Sweet  root,  Sweet  rush.  (F.) 
Jonc  roseau  ou  Canne  aromatique,  Acore  odorant. 
Nat.  Ore?.  Aroideas  ;  Acoraceaj.  (Lindley.)  ^.r. 
Syst.  Hexandria  Monogynia.  The  rhizoma — Cal'- 
amus (Ph.  U.  S.) — is  stomachic  and  carminative, 
but  is  rarely  used.  It  is  regarded  as  a  good  ad- 
juvant to  bark  in  quinia  and  intermittents. 

Ac'oRUS  Palustris,  Iris  pseudacorus — a.  Vul- 
garis, Iris  pseudacorus. 

ACOS,  Medicament. 

ACOS'MIA,  from  a,  privative,  and  (co(r/«oy,  'or- 
der, ornament,'  Disorder,  irregularity  in  the 
critical  days,  according  to  Galen,  who  uses  the 
word  Koa/ios  for  regularity  in  those  days.  Others, 
and  particularly  Pollux,  call  bald  persons  aKoajtoi, 
because  they  are  deprived  of  one  of  their  most 
beautiful  ornaments. 

ACOUM'ETER,  Aoouom'eter,  Anoem'eter,  Aco- 
em'etrum,  Acu'meter,  Acusim'eter,  (P.)  Acoumetre, 
from  aKovu),  'I  hear,'  and  fisTpov,  'measure.'  An 
instrument  designed  by  M.  Itard  for  measuring 
the  degree  of  hearing. 

AGOmiETBE.  Acoumeter. 

ACOUOPHO'NIA,  Copho'nia;  from  aKonw, 
'I  hear,'  and  <pm'ri,  'voice,'  " Aus' cidtutory  Per- 
cus'sion."  A  mode  of  auscultation,  in  which  the 
observer  places  his  ear  on  the  chest,  and  analyzes 
the  sound  produced  by  percussion. — Donne. 

ACOUS'MA,  an  imaginary  noise.  Depraved 
sense  of  hearing. 

ACOUS'TIC,  Acus'ticus.  That  which  belongs 
to  the  ear;  a.s  Acoustic  nerve.  Acoustic  tmmpet. 

Acoustic  Medicine  is  one  used  in  diseased  au- 
dition. 

Acous'tics,  Acus'tica.  (F.)  Aeoustique.  The 
part  of  physics  which  treats  of  the  theory  of 
sounds.     It  is  also  called  Phonics. 

ACQ USTIQ UE,  Acoustics. 

ACQUA  BINELLI,  Aqua  Binellii— a.  Broe- 
ehieri.  Aqua  Brocehierii — a.  Monterossi,  Aqua 
Binellii  —  a.  di  Napoli,  Liquor  arsenicalis  —  a. 
della  Toffana,  Liquor  arsenicalis. 

ACQUETTA,  Liquor  Arsenicalis. 
^  ACQUI,  MINERAL  WATERS    OF.      These 
thermal    sulphureous    springs   are   in   Piemont. 
Their  temperature  is  167°  Fahr.,  and  they  con- 
tain sulphohydric  acid  and  chloride  of  sodium. 


ACQUIRED  DISEASES,  3IorU  acquisi'ti, 
M.  adventi'tii,  M.  epicte'ti.  Adventitious  dieeusea, 
(F.)  Maladies  acquises.  Diseases  which  occur 
after  birth,  and  which  are  not  dependent  upon 
hereditary  predisposition. 

ACRAI'PALA,  froni  a,  privative,  and xpaiTraX/;, 
'  drunkenness.'  Remedies  against  the  effects  of 
a  debauch. — Gorrasus. 

ACRA'LEA,  from  oKpo;,  'extremity.'  The 
extreme  parts  of  the  body,  as  the  head,  hands, 
feet,  nose,  ears,  Ac.  —  Hippocrates  and  Galen. 
See  Acrea. 

AORA'NIA,  from  a,  privative,  and  Kpavtov,  'the 
cranium.'     Want  of  cranium,  wholly  or  in  part. 

ACRA'SIA,  from  a,  privative,  or  'bad,'  and 
Kpaais, '  mixture.'  Intemperance.  Excess  of  any 
kind. — Hippocrates. 

It  has  been  employed  to  denote  debility,  syno- 
nymously with  Acratia;  but  this  may  have  been 
a  typographical  inaccuracy. 

ACRATI'A,  from  a,  privative,  and  KpaTo<;, 
'strength.'     Impotence;  weakness,  fainting. 

ACRATIS'MA,  from  a,  privative,  and  Kepnv- 
vvfjii,  'to  mix.'  A  breakfast,  consisting  of  breaa 
steeped  in  wine,  not  mixed  with  water. — Galen, 
AtheniBus. 

ACRATOM'ELI,  from  oKparov,  'pure  wine,' 
and  fieXi,  'honey.'     Wine  mixed  with  honey. 

ACRATOPE'G^,  Akratope'gcs,  from  a,  priva- 
tive, and  Kparos,  'strength,'  and  Trrjyij,  'a  spring.' 
Mineral  waters  having  no  marked  chemical  qua- 
lities. 

ACRATOPOS'IA,  from  Acratum,  and  Troa,;, 
'  drink.'    The  drinking  of  pure  or  unmixed  wine. 

A'CRATUM,  OKparov,  from  a,  privative,  and 
Kparog,  'strength.'  Unmixed  wine, — Acratum 
vinum,  Vinum  tnerum, 

ACRATURE'SIS,  from  Ac7-atia,  'weakness,' 
and  ovpov,  'urine.'  Inability  to  void  the  urine 
from  paralysis  of  the  bladder. 

ACRE.     The  extremity  or  tip  of  the  nose. 

A'CREA,  Acroteria,  from  axpos,  'the  summit.' 
The  extreme  parts  of  the  body,  as  the  feet,  hands, 
ears,  &c. 

Also  the  extreme  parts  of  animals  that  are  used 
as  food.     Acrocolia. 

ACRID,  from  axpos,  '  a  point  or  summit,'  or 
from  oKt;,  'a  point,'  Acer.  An  epithet  for  sub- 
stances which  occasion  a  disagreeable  sense  of 
irritation  or  of  constriction  at  the  top  of  tho 
throat. 

Acrid  heat,  (F.)  Chaleur  acre,  is  one  that  causes 
a  hot  tingling  sensation  at  the  extremities  of  the 
fingers. 

Acrid  Poisojt,  See  Poison. 

AcRiDS,  in  Pathology,  are  certain  imaginary 
substances,  supposed  by  the  humourists  to  exist 
in  the  humours,  and  to  "cause  various  diseases. 
See  Acrimony. 

ACEIDOPH'AGI,  from  aKpig,  'a  locust,'  and 
(payw,  '  I  eat.'  Locitst-eaters.  Acridophagous 
tribes  are  said  to  exist  in  Africa. — Strabo. 

ACRIMONY,  Acu'itas,  Acrimo'nia,  from  acer, 
'acrid,' a(ci?,  'a  point.'  Acrimony  of  the  humours. 
An  imaginary  acrid  change  of  the  blood,  lymph, 
&c.,  which,  by  the  humourists,  was  conceived  to 
cause  many  diseases. 

ACRIN'IA,  from  a,  privative,  and  uptva,  'I 
separate.'  A  diminution  in  the  quantity,  or  a 
total  suspension,  of  the  secretions. 

ACRIS,  a  sharp  bony  prominence.  Also,  thfl 
lociist. 

ACRI'SIA,  Acri'sis,  from  a,  privative,  and 
Kpiais,  'judgment.'  A  condition  of  dise-ise,  in 
which  no  judgment  can  be  formed;  or  in  which 
an  unfavourable  opinion  must  be  giveii. — Hipj> 
and  Galen. 

ACRISIS,  Aorisia. 


ACRITICAL 


46 


ACTION 


ACRIT'ICAL,  Ac'ritos,  from  a,  privative,  and 
toitrig,  'judgment.'  That  which  takes  place  ■with- 
out any  crisis,  or  which  does  not  foretell  a  crisis  j 
■aS  a  critical  symptom,  abscess,  &c. 

ACKITOS,  Acritical. 

ACitrVIOLA,  Tropaeolum  majus. 

ACROAMA,  Audition. 

ACROASIS,  Audition. 

ACROBYS'TIA,  yicro/iog'i^ta,  from  oKpof, 'top,' 
and  fivw,  'I  cover.'  The  extremity  of  the  prepuce. 
— Hippocrates.     Rufus. 

ACROCHEIR',  Acrochir',  Acrocheir'on,  from 
«(cpof,  'extremity,'  and  x^'P>  'the  hand.'*  The 
forearm  and  hand.     Gorrasus.     Also,  the  hand. 

ACROCHOR'DON,  from  axpog,  'extremity,' 
and  X''9^'J>  ''*'  string.'  A  tumour  which  hangs  by 
a  pedicle.  A  kind  of  hard  wart,  Verru' ca  pens' - 
Uis. — Aetius,  Celsus. 

ACROCHORIS'MUS,  from  aKpoj,  'extremity,' 
and  voozvin,  '  I  dance.'  A  kind  of  dance,  with 
^e  ancients,  in  which  the  arms  and  legs  were 
violently  asitated. 

ACROCOLIA,  Acrea. 

ACROCOLIUM,  Acromion. 

ACROD'RYA,  from  aKpos,  'extremity,'  and 
Spv;,  'a  tree.'  Autumnal  fruits,  as  nuts,  ap- 
ples, &c. 

ACRODYN'IA,  Erythe'ma  acrod'ynum,  E. 
acrodyii'ia,  (F.)  Aerodynie,  from  axpog,  'extre- 
mity,' and  oSuvij,  'pain.'  A  painful  afl'ection  of 
the  wrists  and  ankles  especially,  which  appeared 
in  Paris  as  an  epidemic,  in  1828  and  1829.  It 
was  supposed  by  some  to  be  rheumatic,  by  others 
to  be  owing  to  spinal  irritation. 

ACROLENION,  Olecranon. 

ACROMASTIUM,  Nipple. 

ACROMIA,  Acromion. 

ACRO'MIAL,  Acroriiia'lis.  E,elating  to  the 
Acromion. 

Acromial  Ar'teey,  External  Scap'ular,  A. 
Arte'ria  Thorac"ica  hnmera'lis,  Artere  troisieme 
des  Thoraciques, — (Ch.)  A.  Thoraeique  hmne- 
rale,  arises  from  the  anterior  part  of  the  axillary 
artery,  opposite  the  upper  edge  of  the  pectoralis 
minor.  It  divides  into  two  branches  :  one,  supe- 
rior; the  other,  inferior, — the  branches  of  which 
are  distributed  to  the  subclavius,  serratus  major 
anticus,  first  intercostal,  deltoid,  and  pectoralis 
major  muscles,  as  well  as  to  the  shoulder  joint, 
Ac.  They  anastomose  with  the  superior  scapu- 
lar, thoracic,  and  circumflex  arteries. 

Acromial  Nerves,  Nerri  acromia'les. 
Branches  of  the  fourth  cervical  nerve,  which  are 
distributed  to  the  acromial  region. 

Acromial  Vein  has  the  same  arrangement 
as  the  arterv. 

ACRO'MiO-CORACOI'DEUS.  Belonging  to 
the  acromion  and  coracoid  process. 

The  triangular  ligament  between  the  acromion 
and  coracoid  process  of  the  scapula  is  so  called. 

ACRO'MION,  Acro'mium,  Acro'mia,  Acro'mis, 
from  aKpog,  'the  top,'  and  oiios,  'the  shoulder.' 
Os  Aero'mii,  Hu'mervs  summns,  Armus  summus, 
Macro  hu'mer),  Rostrum  porci'mnn,  Caput  Scap'- 
ulffi,  Acroeo'liuia.  The  process  w'lich  terminates 
the  spine  of  the  scapula,  and  is  articulated  with 
the  clavicle. 

ACROMIS,  Acromion. 

ACROMPHALIUM,  Acromph.ilon. 

ACROM'PHALON,  Acromijha'lium,  from 
anpo?,  'the  top,'  and  ojjKpaXo;,  'the  navel.'  The 
extremity  of  the  umbilical  cord,  which  remains 
iittached  to  the  foetus  after  birth. 

ACROMYLE,  Patella. 

ACEo-NARCOTIC,  See  Poison. 

A'CRONYX,  from  axpos,  'the  summit,'  and 
91-rf,  '  the  nail.'     Growing  in  of  the  nail. 

ACROPARAL'YSIS,  from  axpo;,  'extremity,' 


and  napaXvci;,  '  palsy  ;*  Paral'ysis  extremtta'tum, 
Palsy  of  the  extremities.     Fuchs. 

ACROPOSTHIA,  Acrobystia. 

ACROPSI'LON,  from  oKpog,  'extremity,*  avA 
xpiXos,  'naked.'    The  extremity  of  the  glans  peniu^ 

ACRORIA,  Vertex. 

ACROB.R'H.E'U'MA,  Rheumatis'mus  extremitn^ 
turn,  from oKooj,  'extremity,' and  p£u/<a,  'defluxioK 
rheumatism.'     Rheumatism  of  the  extremities. 

ACROS,  aKpos,  'extremity,  top.'  The  strengtl 
of  the  Athlet-ee,  and  of  diseases  ;  the  prominences 
of  bones  :  the  extremities  of  the  fingers,  <fec.  Sea 
Acrocheir,  Acromion,  &e. 

ACROTERIA,  Acrea.     See  Extremity. 

ACROTERIASIS,  Acroteriasmus. 

ACROTERIAS'MUS,  Aoroteri'asis,  from  airpo- 
TTipia,  'the  extremities;'  hence  aKporripia^tiv,  'to 
mutilate.'     Amputation  of  the  extremities. 

ACROTHYM'ION,  from  aKpos,  'top,'  and 
■&D//OV,  '  thyme.'  A  kind  of  conical,  rugous,  bloody 
wart,  compared  by  Celsus  to  the  flower  of  thyme. 

ACROT'ICA,  from  aKpos,  'summit.'  Diseases 
aflfecting  the  excement  functions  of  the  external 
surface  of  the  body. 

Pravity  of  the  fluids  or  emunctories  that  open 
on  the  external  surface ;  without  fever  or  other 
internal  affection  as  a  necessary  accompaniment 

The  3d  order  of  the  class  Eccrit'ica  of  Good. 

ACROTISMUS,  Asphyxia. 

ACT,  Actus,  from  actum,  past  participle  of 
agere,  '  to  do,'  '  a  thing  done.'  The  effective  ex- 
ercise of  a  power  or  faculty.  The  action  of  an 
agent.  Acte  is  used  by  the  French,  to  signify 
the  public  discussion,  which  occurs  in  supporting 
a  thesis : — thus,  soiitenir  un  Acte  aux  Ecoles  de 
Medecine,  is,  'to  defend  a  Thesis  in  the  Schools 
of  Medicine.' 

ACTiE'A  CIMICIF'UGA,  A.  racemo'sa. 

Actje'a  Racemo'sa,  A.  Cimicifuga,  Cimi-' 
cif'uga,  (Ph.  U.  S.)  0.  racemo'sa,  Macro'tryi 
racemo'sa,  Bot' rophis  Serpenta'ria  (?)  Serpen- 
ta'ria  nigra.  Black  snakeroot,  Bichweed,  Co' 
hash,  Squaw  root,  Battleweed,  Black  Cohosh. 
(F.)  Actee  d  grappes,  Serpentaire  noire.  Nat. 
Ord.  Ranunculaceffi.  Sex.  Syst.  Polyandria  Pen- 
tagynia.  A  common  plant  in  the  United  States. 
The  root  is  astringent;  and,  according  to  Barton, 
has  been  successfully  used,  in  the  form  of  decoc- 
tion, as  a  gargle  in  putrid  sore  throat.  A  decoc- 
tion of  the  root  cures  the  itch.  It  is  acro-nareo- 
tic,  and  has  been  used  in  rheumatism,  acute  and 
chronic ;  chorea,  <fcc. 

Act^'a  Spica'ta,  OhristopTioria'na  spica'tn, 
Aconi'tum  racemo'sum,  Baneberry,  Herb  Chris'- 
topher.  (F.)  Herbe  St.  Christoplie.  A  perennial 
herbaceous  European  plant,  the  root  of  which 
resembles  that  of  the  black  hellebore.  The  root 
is  cathartic,  and  sometimes  emetic,  and  in  over- 
doses may  produce  dangerous  consequences. 

Actce'a  America'na,  of  which  there  are  twG 
varieties,  A.  alba  and  A.  rubra, — white  and  reO. 
cohosh,  is  indigenous  in  the  United  States.  It 
has  the  same  properties  as  A.  spicata, 

ACTE,  Sambucus. 

ACTE,  Act. 

ACTEE  a  GRAPPES,  Actcea  racemosa. 

ACT  IF,  Active. 

ACTIO,  Action,  Function. 

ACTION,  Ac'tio,  Opera' tio,  Energi'a,  Praxis  : 
from  agere,  actum,  '  to  act.'  Mode  in  which  one 
object  influences  another. 

The  animal  actions  are  those  that  occur  in  the 
animal  body:  the  vital,  those  that  are  essential 
to  life  :  the  physiological,  those  of  a  healthy  cha- 
racter :  the  pathological,  or  morbific,  those  that 
occur  in  disease,  &c.  The  ancients  divided  the 
physiological  actions  into  lu'tal,  anim:il,  natural, 
sexual,  particular,  general,  &c.     See  Function. 


ACTIONES 


47 


ADDUCTOR 


ACTIONES  NATURALES,  see  Function. 

ACTIVE,  same  etymon.  Dras'tieus,  Aeti'vus, 
Sthen'icus,  Hypeisthen'icu^.  (F.)  Actif.  This 
adjective  is  used,  in  Pathology,  to  convey  the 
idea  of  superabundant  energy  or  strength.  Active 
eynnHoms,  e.  g.  are  those  of  excitement.  In  The- 
rapeuties,  it  signifies  energetic:  —  as,  an  active 
treatment.  The  French  use  fhe  expression  J/e- 
decine  agissante,  in  contradistinction  to  Medecine 
expectante.  In  Physiology,  active  has  a  similar 
signification,  many  of  the  functions  being  divided 
into  active  and  passive. 

ACTON.  A  village  near  London,  at  which 
there  is  a  purgative  mineral  spring,  like  that  at 
Epsom. 

ACTUAL.  Same  etymon  as  active.  That 
which  acts  immediately.  A  term  usually  re- 
stricted to  the  red-hot  iron,  or  to  heat  in  any 
form  I  in  contradistinction  to  the  potential  or  vir- 
tual, ■which  is  applied  to  caustics  or  escharotics. 

ACTUA'RIUS.  Originally  a  title  of  dignity 
given  to  the  Byzantine  physicians. 

ACTUS  PARTURITIONIS,  Parturition. 

ACUITAS,  Acrimony. 

ACULEUS  LIGNEUS,  Splinter. 

ACUMETER,  Acoumeter. 

A'CUPUNCTURE,  Acuptinctu'ra,  from  acns, 
*  a  needle,' and  ^itHcfwra,  'a  puncture.'  A  sur- 
gical operation,  much  in  use  amongst  the  Chinese 
and  Japanese,  which  consists  in  puncturing  parts 
with  a  very  fine  needle.  It  has  been  emploj'ed, 
of  late  years,  in  obstinate  rheumatic  afi'eotions, 
&c.,  and  apparently  with  success.  Acupuncture 
is  likewise  a  mode  of  infanticide  in  some  coun- 
tries ;  the  needle  being  forced  into  the  brain 
through  the  fontanelles,  or  into  the  spinal  mar- 
row, &e. 

ACURGIA,  Surgery  (operative.) 

ACUS,  Needle — a.  Capitata,  Pin — a.  Invagi- 
nata,  see  Needle — a.  Ophthalmiea,  see  Needle — 
a.  Paracentica,  Trocar — a.  Paracentetica,  Trocar 
—  a.  Triquetra  vulgaris,  Trocar  —  a.  Veneris, 
Eryngium  campestre. 

ACUSIMETER,  Acoumeter. 

ACUSIS,  Audition. 

ACUSTICA,  Acoustics. 

ACUSTICUS,  Auditory. 

ACUTE,  Acu'tus,  Oxys,  o|u?,  {aKi^,  'a  point.') 
(F.)  Aigu.  A  disease  which,  with  a  certain  de- 
gree of  severity,  has  a  rapid  progress,  and  short 
duration,  is  said  to  be  "acute."  —  Oxynose'ma, 
Oxyn'osos,  Oxynu'sos. 

Diseases  were  formerly  subdivided  into  Morli 
acutis'simi,  very  acute,  or  those  which  last  only 
three  or  four  days  :  31.  subacutis'simi,  which  con- 
tinue seven  days :  and  If.  suhacu'ti,  or  those 
which  last  from  twenty  to  forty  days. 

The  antithesis  to  acute  is  chronic  Acute,  when 
applied  to  pain,  sound,  cries,  &c.,  means  sharp. 

ACUTENACULUM,  Porte-aiguille. 

ACYANOBLEP'SIA,  from  a,  privative,  Kvavo^, 
'blue,'  and  /SAetu,  'I  see.'  Defective  vision, 
which  consists  in  incapability  of  distinguishing 
blue. — Gothe.     See  Achromatopsia. 

ACYESIS,  Sterilitas. 

ACYRUS,  Arnica  montana^ 

ACYTERIUS,  Abortive. 

ADACA.  The  SpihcBran'thus  In'dicus,  a  Mala- 
bar plant,  which  is  acrid  and  aromatic. 

ADAC'RYA,  from  a,  privative,  and  SaK^vm,  'I 
weep.'     Defective  secretion  of  tears. 

AD^MONIA,  Anxiety. 

ADAKO'DIEN.  A  Malabar  plant  of  the  fa- 
mily Apocyneae,  used  in  that  country  in  diseases 
of  the  eyes. 

AD'ALI,  Lip'pia.  A  Malabar  plant,  which 
the  Orientals  regard  as  an  antidote  to  the  bite  of 
the  naja. 


ADAMANTINE   SUBSTANCE,   Enamel  of 

the  teeth. 

ADAMAS,  Diamond. 

ADAMI'TA,  Adari.i'tum.  A  very  bard,  white 
calculus. — Paracelsus. 

The  first  word  has  been  used  for  stone  in  the 
bladder :  the  second  for  lithiasis  or  the  calculcais 
condition. 

ADAM'S  APPLE,  Pomum  Adami. 

ADANSONIA  DIGITATA,  Baobab. 

ADAPTER,  from  ad  and  apto,  '  I  fit.'  A  tube 
employed  in  pharmaceutical  operations  for  length- 
ening the  neck  of  a  retort;  or  in  cases  where  the 
opening  of  the  receiver  is  not  large  enough  to 
admit  the  beak  of  the  retort. 

ADAR'CE,  Adar'cion,  Adar'cia  A  concretion 
found  about  the  reeds  and  grass  in  the  marshy 
regions  of  Galatia,  and  hiding  them,  as  it  were : 
hence  the  name,  from  a,  privative,  and  Jip/cu,  '  I 
see.'  It  was  formerly  in  repute  for  cleansing  the 
skin  from  freckles,  Ac. 

ADARIGO,  Orpiment. 

ADARNECH,  Orpiment. 

ADARTICULATIO,  Arthrodia. 

AD  CUTEM  ABDOM'INIS  (ARTERIA.) 
The  superficial  artery  of  the  ahdomen, — a  branch 
of  the  crural  or  femoral,  which  arises  at  the 
lower  part  of  Poupart's  ligament  and  ascends 
towards  the  umbilicus,  being  distributed  to  the 
integuments. 

AD  DAD.  A  Numidian  plant;  bitter  and 
poisonous. 

ADDEPHAG"IA,  Adep7iag"ia,  from  acS,,v, 
'much,'  and  tftayeiv,  'to  eat.'  Voraeions'ness. 
Galen  and  Hoffman  have  given  this  name  to  vo- 
racious appetite  in  children  affected  with  worms. 
Sauvages  refers  it  to  Bulimia.  Also,  the  goddess 
of  gluttony. 

ADDER'S  TONGUE,  Ophioglossum  vulgatum. 

ADDITAMEN'TUM.  A  term  once  used  sy- 
nonymously with  Epiphysis.  It  is  now  restricted 
to  the  prolongation  of  two  cranial  sutui-es,  the 
lamboidal  and  squamous. 

Additajienttjm  Coli,  Appendix  vermiformis 
easei — a.  Necatum,  Olecranon — a.  ad  Sacrolum- 
balem,  see  Sacro-lumbalis  —  a.  Uncatum  ulna>. 
Olecranon — a.  Ulnse,  Radius. 

ADDUCENS  OCULI,  Rectus  internus  oculi. 

ADDUOTEUR  BE  L'OEIL,  Rectus  inter- 
nus oculi  —  a.  du  Gros  orteil,  Adductor  pollicis 
pedis  —  a.  Premier  ou  moyen.  Adductor  longus 
femoris  —  a.  du  Police,  Adductor  pollicis  manfls 
—  a.  Second  om.  petit,  Adductor  brevis  —  a.  Troi- 
sieme  ou  grand,  Adductor  magnus. 

ADDUCTION,  Addvc'tio,  from  ad,  'to,'  and 
ducere,  'to  draw.'  Parago'ge.  The  action  by  which 
parts  are  drawn  towards  the  axis  of  the  body. 

The  muscles  which  execute  this  function  are 
called  Addue'tors. 

ADDUCTOR  MEDII  DIGITI  PEDIS,  Pos- 
terior medii  digiti  pedis — a.  Oculi,  Rectus  inter- 
nus ocuM. 

]  Adduc'tor  Metacae'pi  min'imi  Dig"iti,  J>/<?- 
tacar'peiis,  Car'po-metacar'peus  min'imi  dig"iti, 
is  situate  jjetween  the  adductor  and  flexor,  next 
to  the  metacarpal  bone.  It  arises,  fleshy,  frojn 
the  unciform  process  of  the  os  unciforme,  and 
from  the  contiguous  part  of  the  annular  ligament 
of  the  wrist,  and  is  inserted,  tendinous  and  fleshy. 
into  the  fore-part  of  the  metacarpal  bone  of  tlie 
little  finger,  from  its  base  to  its  head. 

Adduc'tor  Pol'licis  ManiIs,  A.  Pol'licis,  A. 
ad  min'imum  dig"itum,  Metaear'po-phalan'geus 
pol'licis  —  (Ch.)  (F.)  Adducteur  du  pouce.  A 
muscle  which  arises,  fleshy,  from  almost  th» 
whole  length  of  the  metacarpal  bone  of  the  mid- 
dle finger,  and  is  inserted  into  the  inner  part  of 
the  root  of  the  first  bone  of  the  thumb. 


ADEC 


48 


ADEPS 


Addttc'tor  Pol'licis  Pedis,  Antith'enar,  Me- 
tatar' so-suhpholan' geua  pollicis.  —  (Ch.)  Tarso- 
ntetatarsi-phalangien  dii  ponce.  (F.)  Adducteur 
till  gros  orteil.  Arises  by  a  long,  thin  tendon, 
from  tlie  under  part  of  the  os  calcis,  from  the  os 
Buboides,  os  cunelforme  externum,  and  from  the 
root  of  the  metatarsal  bone  of  the  second  toe.  It 
is  divided  into  two  fleshy  portions,  and  is  inserted 
into  the  external  sesamoid  bone,  and  root  of  the 
metatarsal  bone  of  the  great  toe. 

Bichat  has  given  the  general  name,  Adduc'- 
tors,  to  those  of  the  interosseous  muscles  of  the 
hand  or  foot,  which  perform,  the  action  of  ad- 
duction. 

Addcctoe  Teeth  Digiti  Pedis,  Prior  tertli 
digit!  pedis. 

Adductors  of  the  thigh.  These  are  three 
in  number,  which  have,  by  some  anatomists,  been 
united  into  one  muscle — the  Triceps  Addac'tor 
Fern' or  !e, 

1.  Addxic'toT  longus  fem'oris,  Addttc'tor  fem'- 
orii  primus,  Tricepis  minor,  Pu'hio-feraora'lis — 
(  Gh.)  (F.)  Pr'imier  ou  moyen  adducteur.  Arises 
by  a  strong  tendon  from  the  upper  and  fore  part 
of  the  OS  pubis  and  ligament  of  the  symphysis, 
at  the  inner  side  of  the  pectinalis.  It  runs  down- 
wards and  outwards,  and  is  inserted  by  a  broad, 
flat  tendon,  into  the  middle  of  the  linea  aspera. 

2.  Adduc'tor  hrevis,  A.  fein'orii  secuii'dus, 
Triceps  sccun'dus,  Suh-pubio-femora'lis  —  (Ch.) 
(F.)  Second  ou  petit  Adducteur.  Arises  tendi- 
nous from  the  os  pubis,  at  the  side  of  its  sym- 
physis, below  and  behind  the  last  muscle.  It 
runs  obliquely  outwards,  and  is  inserted  by  a 
short,  flat  tendon  into  the  inner  and  upper  part 
of  the  linea  aspera,  from  a  little  below  the  tro- 
chanter minor  to  the  beginning  of  the  insertion 
of  the  adductor  longus. 

3.  Adduc'tor  inagnus,  Adduc'tor  fem'oris  ter'- 
tiuB  et  quartus,  Triceps  mognus,  Is' chio-femora' - 
lis — (Ch.)  (F.)  Troiiieme  ou  grand  adducteur,  is 
much  larger  than  either  of  the  others.  It  arises 
from  the  ramus  of  the  pubis,  from  that  of  the 
ischium,  and  from  the  tuber  isehii,  and  is  inserted 
into  the  whole  length  of  the  linea  aspera.  jSTear 
the  lower  part  of  the  linea  aspera  it  is  pierced 
by  a  kind  of  oblique,  fibrous  canal,  through  which 
the  crural  artery  and  vein  pass. 

ADEC.     The  inner  man. — Paracelsus. 

ADECTA,  Sedatives. 

ADELIPARIA,  Polysarcia. 

ADELODAGAM.  A  bitter  Malabar  plant, 
used  in  asthma,  catarrh,  and  gout. 

ADELPrllA,  see  Adelphixia. 

ADELPHIX'IA,  Adelphixis;  from  aSt^tpo;, 
'  brother.'  Consanguinity  of  parts  in  health  or 
disease.  Frater'nitas,  Fratra'tio.  Hippocrates 
used  the  word  Adel'phia,  for  diseases  that  re- 
semble each  other. 

ADELPHIXIS,  Sympathy. 

ADEMONIA,  Depression,  Nostalgia. 

ADE'IOSYNE,  Depression,  Nostalgia. 

ADEN,  acriv,  'a  gland;'  h.^u.(itAdenalgia,Ade- 
niform,  Ac. — see  Gland. 

ADENAL'GIA,  Adenodyn'ia,  from  alrjv,  'a 
fcland.'  and  a>yos,  'pain.'     Glandular  pain. 

ADENECTOP'IA,  from  akr,v,  'a  gland,'  and 
etroTTo;,  'removed  from  its  place.'  Dislocation  of 
a  gland. 

ADENEMPHRAX'IS,  from  aow,  'a  gland,' 
and  [^(ppaiig,  'obstruction.'  Glandular  obstruc- 
tion. 

ADEN'IFORM,  Adeniform'is,  AdenoVdes, 
Adenoid,  from  Aden,  'a  gland,'  and  Forma,  'form 
or  resemblance.'  Glan'di/orm,  or  resembling  a 
gland.  ^ 

ADENITE  lYMPHATlQUE,  Lymphaden- 


ADENI'TIS,  from  a^nv,  'a  gland,'  and  iiU,  a 
termination  denoting  inflammation.  Phlegma'sia 
adeno'sa  seu  glandulo'sa.  Glandular  inflamma' 
tion. 

Adenitis  Ltmphatica,  Lymphadenitis. 

Adeni'tis  Mesenter'ica,  Ilesenter'ic  Gangli- 
oni'tis.     Inflammation  of  the  mesenteric  glands. 

Adenitis  Palpebrarum  Contagiosa,  see  Oph- 
thalmia. 

ADENOCHIRAPSOLOG"IA,  from  aV,  'ft 
gland,'  x^'P>  't^®  hand,'  aTrrw,  'I  lay  hold  of,'  and 
Xoyos,  'a  description.'  The  doctrine  of  curing 
scrofula  or  the  king's  evil  by  the  royal  touch. 

ADENOCHON'DRIUS,  from  00*771-,  'a  gland,' 
and  ^ovSpos,  'a  cartilage.'  Relating  to  gland  and 
cartilage,  —  for  example,  Arthropihij' ma  adeno- 
chon'drium,  a  tumefaction  of  the  glands  and  car- 
tilages of  joints. 

ADENODTNIA,  Adenalgia. 

ADENOG'RAPHT,  Adenogra'phia,  from  aS^v, 
'a  gland,'  and  Ypa<po),  '1  describe.'  That  part  of 
anatomy  which  describes  the  glands. 

ADENOID,  Adeniform. 

ADENOIDES,  Adeniform. 

ADENOL'OGY,  Adenolog"ia,  from  airv.  'a 
gland,'  and  \oyoi,  'a  description.'  A  treatise  on 
the  glands. 

ADENOMALA'CIA,  from  ahr,v,  'a  gland,'  and 
naXaKia,  '  softening.'  MoUescence  or  softening  of 
a  gland. 

ADENO-MENINGEAL,  see  Fever,  adeno- 
meningeal. 

ADENONCOSIS,  Adenophyma. 

ADE'NO-PHARYN'GEUS,  from  a5?jv,  'a 
gland,' and  ^apvyl,  'the  pharynx.'  Some  fleshy 
fibres,  which  pass  from  the  constrictor  pharyngis 
inferior  to  the  thyroid  gland,  have  received  this 
name.     Their  existence  is  not  constant. 

ADE'NO-PUARYNGI'TIS.  Same  etyfaon. 
Inflammation  of  the  tonsils  and  pharynx. 

ADENOPHTHALMIA,  Ophthalmia  tarsi. 

ADENOPHY'MA,  Adenon'ous,  Adenonro'eis, 
from  airiv,  'a  gland,'  and  <j.vixn,  'a  swelling.' 
Swelling  of  a  gland,  or  glandiform  ganglion. 
(F.)  Glunduge.  A(7e»o^y/i'y?«a  is.  used  by  some  to 
signify  a  soft  glandular  swelling; — Adenoncus, 
one  of  a  harder  character. — Kraus. 

Adenophyiia  Inguinalis.     Bubo. 

ADENOSCIR'RHUS,  Adenosclero'sis,  from 
abriv,  'a  gland,'  and  cr/ctppo?,  'induration.'  Scir- 
rhous induration  of  a  gland. 

ADENOSCLEROSIS,  Adenoscirrhus. 

ADENOSIS  SCROPHULOSA,  Scrofula. 

ADENO'SUS,  {Absces'sus.)  A  hard,  glandular 
abscess,  which  suppurates  slowly. — M.  A.  Seve- 
rinus. 

ADENOT'OMY,  Adenotom'ia,  from  aSjjv,  'a 
gland,'  and  tcjivu,  'I  cut.'  Dissection  of  the 
glands. 

ADEPHAGIA,  Addephagia,  Bonlimia. 

ADEPS,  Adeps  SuiUits,  Oxyn'gium,  Pingne'do. 
Pig's  flare.  The  fat  of  the  hog.  In  the  Ph.  U.  S. 
the  prepared  fat  of  Sue  scro/a,  free  from  saline 
matter. 

Adeps  Ansehi'nus,  Adeps  an'seris  or  Goose 
grease,  (F.)  Graisse  d'Oie,  is  emollient.  It  has 
been  used  as  an  emetic. 

Adeps  Cantharidibus  Medicatus,  TJnguen- 
tum  Ij'ttae  medicatum — a.  Cortiee  Daphnes  gnidii 
medicatus,  Unguentum  epispasticum  de  Daphne 
gnidio — a.  Humanus,  Liquamumia — a.  Hydrar- 
gyro  medicatus,  Unguentum  ITydrargyri — a.  ex 
Hydrargyro  mitius  dictum  cinereum,  Unguentum 
oxidi  hydrargyri  cinereum — a,  Hydrargyri  muri- 
ate oxj'genato  medicatus,  Unguentum  muriatis 
hydrargj'ri  oxygenati  medicatum — a.  Ilydrargj-ri 
nitrate  medicatus,  Unguentum  hydrargyri  nitratis 
— a.  Hydrargyri  oxido  rubro  et  plumhi  aceta  me- 


ADEPT 


49 


ADORIOI!^ 


4i<Jitus,  UngueDtum  optthalmicum — a.  Lauro 
medieatus,  Unguentum  laurinum — a.  Ovilli,  Se- 
rum—  a.  Papavere,  hyoscyamo,  et  belladonna 
medieatus,  XJngnentum  populeum — a.  Sulfure  et 
ammoniEe  muriate  medieatus,  Unguentum  sul- 
phuratum  ad  scabiem — a.  Sulfure  et  carbonate 
potassas  medieatus,  Unguentum  sulphuratum  al- 
calinum  ad  scabiem — a.  Tartaro  stibii  medieatus, 
Unguentum  antimonii  tartarizati — a.  Oxido  zinci 
medieatus,  Unguentum  oxidi  zinci  impuri. 

Adeps  Pejepara'tus,  Hog's  lard,  Barrow's 
grease,  Lard,  Ax'unge,  Axun'gia,  Adeps  suil'lus 
prapara' tus,  A.  prcepara'ttis,  Axun'gia  porci'na, 
(F.)  Graisse  de  Pore,  Saindoitx,  is  prepared  by 
mvlting  pig's  flare,  and  straining  it.  This  is 
called  rendering  the  lard.  Lard  is  emollient, 
but  is  chiefly  used  for  forming  ointments  and 
plasters. 

ADEPT,  Alohymist. 

ADEP'TA  MEDICI'NA.  Medicine,  which 
treated  of  diseases  contracted  by  celestial  opera- 
tions, or  communicated  from  heaven. 

Adepta  Philosophia,  Alchymy. 

ADFLATUS,  Afflatus. 

ADH^RENTIA,  Adherence. 

ADH^SIO,  Adherence. 

ADHATO'DA,  Justic"ia  adhato'da.  The  3Ia- 
labar  Nut  Tree.  (F.)  Koyer  de  Ceylon.  Used 
in  India  for  expelling  the  dead  foetus  in  abortion. 
The  word  is  said  to  convey  this  meaning  in  the 
Ceylonese. 

ADHE'REjSTCE,  Adhe'sion,  Adharen'tia,  Oon- 
cre'tio,  Atre'sia,  Pros'physis,  ProseoUe'sis,  Ad- 
hce'sio,  from  adhmrere,  {ad  and  harere,)  'to  stick 
to.'  These  words  are  usually  employed  synonym- 
ously. The  French  often  use  adherence  for  the 
state  of  union,  and  adhesion  for  the  act  of  ad- 
hering. 

ADilESION,  Adherence. 

ADHE'SIVE  INFLAMMA'TION  is  that  in- 
flammation which  terminates  by  an  adhesion 
between  inflamed  and  separated  surfaces,  and 
which  was,  at  one  time,  supposed  to  be  necessary 
for  such  adhesion. 

Adhe'sive  is  also  an  epithet  for  certain  plasters 
which  stick  closely  to  the  skin. 

ADIANTHUM,  Adiantum. 

ADIANTUM,  a.  pedatum. 

Adiantum  ^thiop'icum.  A  South  African 
plant,  Nat.  Ord.  Filiees,  an  infusion  of  which  is 
sometimes  used  as  an  emollient  in  coughs,  and 
in  diseases  of  the  chest. 

Adiantuji  Albusi,  Asplenium  ruta  muraria — 
a.  Aureum,  Polytrichum. 

Adian'tum  Capil'lus  Yen'eris,  A.  Coriandri- 
fo'lium  seu  Nigrum,  Capil'lus  Veti'eris,  from  a, 
privative,  and  Siatvo),  '  to  grow  wet,'  from  the 
leaves  not  being  easily  moistened.  Maiden  hair. 
(F.)  Oapillaire  de  Montpellier.  A  European 
plant,  of  feeble,  aromatic  and  demulcent  pro- 
perties. It  is  used  for  forming  the  Sirop  de  Ca- 
pillaire  or  Capillaire. 

Adiantum  Coriandkifolium,  A.  Capillus  Ve- 
neris. 

Adiantum  Nigrum,  A.  Capillus  Veneris. 

Adian'tum  Peda'tum,  A.  Canaden'se  seu  Pa- 
tens, Adiantum,  Capil'lus  Ve7i'eri8  Canaden'sis, 
Herba  Ven'eris,  Filix  Ven'eris,  Canada  Maiden- 
hi.ir,  American  Maidenhair,  Rochfern,  Sioeetfern, 
(F.)  Capillaire  du  Canada,  has  the  same  proper- 
ties. Capillaire  was  once  made  from  this.  See 
Adiantum. 

Adiantum  Rubrum,  Asplenium  trichomanoides. 

ADIAPHORO'SIS,  Adiaphore'sis,  from  a,  pri- 
i^ative,  ita,  'through,'  and  tdopos,  'a  pore.'  Defect 
or  suppression  of  perspiration,  Adiapneua'tia. 

ADIAPH'OROUS,  Adiaph'orus,  Indiff'erens, 
4 


Neutral.  A  medicine  which  will  neither  do  Harm 
nor  good. 

ADIAPNEUSTIA,  Adiaphorosis. 

ADIARRHCE'A,  from  a,  privative,  and  5iap- 
pziv,  'to  flow.'  Retention  of  any  excretion. — 
Hippocrates. 

ADICE,  Urtica. 

ADIPATUS,  Fatty. 

ADIPEUX,  Adipose, 

ADIPOCERA,  Adipocire  —  a.  Cetosa,  Ceta- 
ceum. 

ADIPOCIRE,  Adipoce'ra,  from  adeps,  'fat,' 
and  cera,  '  wax.'  The  base  of  biliary  calculi, 
called  also  ChoV esterine.  Also,  a  sort  of  soap, 
formed  from  animal  matter  imder  certain  circum- 
stances. (F.)  Gras  des  Cadavres,  Gras  des  Cime- 
tieres.  The  human  body,  when  it  has  been  for  some 
weeks  in  water,  assumes  this  appearance ;  and  it 
has  been  a  subject  of  legal  inquiry,  what  length 
of  time  is  necessary  to  produce  it.  This  must, 
of  course,  depend  upon  various  circumstances,  as 
climate,  season,  <Scc. 

ADIPOCIRE  DE  BALEINE,  Cetaceum, 

AD'IPOSE,  Ad'ipovs,  Adipo'sus,  from  adeps, 
'fat.'  CE.JAclipeux.  That  which  relates  to  fat — 
as  Adipose  membrane,  A.  vessels,  &c.    See  Fatty. 

Ad'ipose  Sarco'ma  of  Aberne'thy,  Emphy'ma 
sarco'ma  adipo'sum,  is  suetty  throughout,  and 
enclosed  in  a  thin  capside  of  condensed  areolar 
substance,  connected  by  means  of  minute  vessels. 
It  is  chiefly  found  on  the  fore  and  back  parts  of 
the  trunk.     See  Sarcoma. 

ADIPOSIS.     See  Polysarcia. 

Adipo'sis  Hepat'ica,  Pimelo'sis  hepat'ica, 
Fatty  liver.  Fatty  degeneration  of  the  liver,  (F.) 
Degenerescence  graissetise  du  Foie.  Fatty  dis- 
ease of  the  liver. 

ADIPOSUS,  Fatty. 

ADIPOUS,  Fatty. 

NDTP'QIK,  Dipso'sis  expera.  Absence  of  thirst. 

ADIP'SON,  Adip'sum,  from  a,  privative,  and 
Si\l/a,  'thirst.'  Any  substance  which  relieves 
thirst.  Applied  to  a  decoction  of  barley  to  which 
oxymel  was  added. — Hippocrates. 

ADIPSOS,  Glycyrrhiza. 

AD'ITUS,  'an  entrance,'  'an  approach  ;'  from 
adere,  aditum,  '  to  go  to.'  Pros'odos.  The  en- 
trance to  a  canal  or  duct,  as  Aditus  ad  Aqticsdue- 
tuni  Fallop>ii. 

Aditus  ad  Infundibulum,  Vulva. 

ADIULIS'TOS,  from  a,  privative,  and  iiv^il^u,, 
'  I  strain.'  Unstrained  wine  for  pharmaceutical 
purposes. — Gorrasus. 

ADJUNCTUM,  Accompaniment. 

ADJUTOR  PARTUS,  Accoucheur. 

AD'JUVANT,  Ad'jv.vans,  from  adjuvare,  'to 
aid.'  A  medicine,  introduced  into  a  prescription 
to  aid  the  operation  of  the  principal  ingredient 
or  basis.  Also,  whatever  assists  in  the  removal 
or  prevention  of  disease. 

ADNASCENTIA,  Prosphysis. 

ADNATA  (TUNICA,)  Conjunctiva. 

ADNEE  {MEMBRANE,)  Conjunctiva. 

ADOLES'CENCE,  Adoleacen'tia,  Juven'tu^, 
^tas  bona.  Youth;  from  adolescere  {ad  and 
olescere)  'to  grow.'  (F.)  Jeunesse.  The  period 
between  puberty  and  that  at  which  the  body 
acquires  its  full  development;  being,  in  man, 
between  the  14th  and  2oth  years ;  and,  in  woman, 
between  the  12th  and  21st. 

ADOLES'CENS,  Ju'venis,  Eebe'tes,  k'ehe'ter, 
Hebe'tor.  A  youth.  A  young  man  in  th"e  period 
of  adolescence. 

ADO'LIA.  A  Malabar  plant,  whose  leaves, 
put  in  oU,  form  a  liniment,  used  in  facilitating 
labour. 

ADOR,  Zea  mays. 

ADORION,  Daucus  ;arota. 


ADOUGISSANT 


50 


^GYPTIA 


ADOUCTSSANT,  Demulcent. 

AD  PONDUS  OM'NIUM.  The  weight  of  the 
whole.  In  a  prescription  it  means,  that  any 
particular  ingredient  shall  equal  in  weight  the 
whole  of  the  others. 

ABRAGANT,  Tragacantha, 

ADRA  RIZA,  Aristolochia  clematitis. 

ADROBO'LON,  from  a^poj,  'great/  andjSuXoj, 
'  mass.'  The  bdellium  of  India,  which  is  in  larger 
pieces  than  that  of  Arabia. 

ADROS,  aS^og,  '  plump  and  full.'  Applied  to 
the  habit  of  body,  and  also  to  the  pulse. — Hippo- 
crates. 

ADSARIA  PALA,  Doliehos  pruriens. 

ADSPIRATIO,  Aspiration,  Inspiration. 

ADSTANS,  Prostate. 

ADSTITES  GLANDULOSI,  Prostate, 

ADSTRICTIO    Astrietion,  Constipation. 

ADSTRICTORIA,  Astringents. 

ADSTRINGENTIA,  Astringents. 

ADULAS'SO,  The  Justitia  bivalvis.  A  small 
ehrub,  used  in  India  as  a  local  application  in  gout. 

ADULT,  see  Adult  age. 

Adult  Age,  Andri'a,  from  adolescere,  'to 
grow  to,'  {ad  and  olere,  olitum,  'to  grow.')  Vi- 
ril'ity.  The  age  succeeding  adolescence,  and  pre- 
ceding old  age.  In  the  civil  law,  an  adult  is  one, 
who,  if  a  boy,  has  attained  the  age  of  fourteen 
years  ;  and,  if  a  girl,  of  twelve.  In  the  common 
law,  one  of  full  age.  Adult,  Adul'tus,  is  also 
used  for  one  in  the  adult  age, 

ADULTERATIO,  Falsification. 

ADULTUS,  see  Adult  age, 

ADUNCATIO  UNGUIUM,  Onychogryphosis, 

ADURENS,  Caustic, 

ADURION,  Rhus  coriaria, 

ADUST,  Adus'fus,  from  adurere,  (ad  and 
urere,)  'to  burn.'  The  blood  and  fluids  were 
formerly  said  to  be  adust,  when  there  was  much 
beat  in  the  constitution  and  but  little  serum  in 
the  blood. 

ADUSTIO,  Adustion,  Burn. 

ADUS'TION,  Adua'tio.  State  of  the  body 
described  under  Adust.     In  surgery,  it  signifies 

ADVENTITIOUS  DISEASES,  Acquired  dis- 
eases. 

ADVENTITIUS,  Accidental. 

ADYNA'MIA,  Imjjoten'tia;  from  o,  privative, 
and  Swa/ii;,  'strength,'  Adyna'sia,  Adyna'tia. 
Considerable  debility  of  the  vital  powers ;  as  in 
typhus  fever.  Some  Nosologists  have  a  class  of 
diseases  under  the  name  Adynamia,  Ec'lyses, 
Morhi  asthen'ici. 

Adynamia  Virilis,  Impotence. 

ADYNAM'IC,    Adynam'icus,    Hypodynam'ic, 
iTypodynam'ieus ;   same  etymon.     Appertaining 
10  debility  of  the  vital  powers, 
^     ADYNASIA,  Adynamia, 

ABYNATIA,  Adynamia, 

ADYNATOCOMIUM,  Hospital, 

ADYNATODOCIIIUM,  Hospital. 

ADYNATOS,  Sickly, 

^DGEA,  Genital  Organs. 

iEDQS'AGRA,  from  aiSota,  'genital  organs,' 
jind  aypa,  '  seizure.'     Gout  in  the  genitals. 

^DOSAG'RAPHY,  JSdaeagraph'ia,  from  ai- 
iota,  'organs  of  generation,'  and  ypatpm,  'I  de- 
scribe.' A  description  of  the  organs  of  gene- 
ration. 

^DCEAL'OGY,  JEdoealog"ia,  from  aiSoia,  'the 
jadendum,'  and  Xoyog,  'a  description,'  A  treatise 
on  the  organs  of  generation, 

^DCEAT'OMY,  JEdceatom'ia,  ^d<eotom'ia, 
yEdaof'oinS,  JEdoeot'omy,  from  aiSoia,  'the  pu- 
dendum,' and  Tcuvu,  'I  cut,'  Dissection  of  the 
parts  of  generation. 

iEDCEI'TIS.  .^■doeoti'tin,  Medci'tia;  from  at- 


Soia,  'genital  organs,'  and  itia,  denoting  inflam- 
mation.    Inflammation  of  the  genital  organs. 
^D(EOBLENORRH(EA,  Leucorrhoea, 
^DCEODYN'IA,  from  aiooia,  'genital  organs,' 
and  oSvvT],  '  pain,'    Pain  in  the  genitals,    Puden- 
dagra, 

^DCEOGARGALUS,  Masturbation,  Nym- 
phomania. 

JBD(EOGARGARISMUS,  Masturbation, 
Nymphomania. 

iED(EOMANIA,  Nymphomania, 
^DCEON,  Inguen, 
^DCEOPSOPHESIS,  ^doeopsophia. 
JBDCEOPSOPH'IA,  ^dceopsophe'sis,  from  at- 
Soia,  'the  pudendum,'  and  ^■o<puv,  'to   make -a 
noise.'     Emission  of  wind  by  the  urethra  in  man, 
by  the  vagina  in  woman. — Sauvages  and  Sagar. 
.^DCEOPSOPHiA  Uterina,  Physomctra. 
^DGEOTITIS,  ^doeitis— 88.  Gangrsenosa, 
Colpocace — se.   Gangrenosa  puellarum,   Colpo- 
cace   infantilis  —  £e.   Gangrsenosa  puerperarum, 
Colpocace  puerperarum. 
uEDGEOTOMB,  ^dogatomy. 
^D(EOTOMIA,  ^doeatomy. 
^DCEOTOMY,  ^doeatomy. 
^DOPTOSIS,  Hysteroptosis— se.  Uteri,  Pro- 
lapsus uteri — se.  Uteri  inversa.  Uterus,  inversion 
of  the — 38,  Uteri  retroversa,  Retroversio  uteri — 
33.  Vaginae,  Prolapsus  V. — se,  Vesicse,  Exocyste. 
^EIG'LUCES,  Aeig'lucea,  from  au,  'always,' 
and  yXuifuf,  'sweet,'    A  kind  of  sweet  wine  or 
must,  —  Gorrajus, 

iEGAGROPI'L A,  JEgagropi'lus,  from  atynypoj, 
'  the  rock  goat,'  and  jrtXof,  '  hair,'  Bezoar  d'Alle- 
magne,  Pila  Dama'rum  seu  Hupicapra'rum.  A 
ball  composed  of  hairs,  found  in  the  stomach  of 
the  goat:  once  used  medicinally, — Bezoar. 
^GEIROS,  Populus. 
^GER,  Sick. 

^'GIAS,  JSgis,  JSglia,  JE'gidea,  from  a^,  'the 
goat;'  why,  is  not  known.  (F.)  Aige  or  Aigle, 
There  is  obscurity  regarding  the  precise  meaning 
of  this  word.  It  was  used  to  designate  an  ulcer, 
or  speck  on  the  transparent  cornea. — Hippocrates. 
Maitre  Jean  uses  it  for  a  calcareous  deposit 
between  the  conjunctiva  and  sclerotica. 
iEGIDES,  ^gias. 

iE'GILOPS,  An'chilopa,  An'kylops,  from  aif, 
'goat,'  and  wxp,  'the  eye.'  An  ulcer  at  the  greater 
angle  of  the  eye,  which  sometimes  does  not  pene- 
trate to  the  lachrymal  sac,  but  at  others  does, 
and  constitutes  fistula  lachrymalis. — Galen,  Cel- 
sus,  Oribasius,  Aetius,  Paulus  of  ^gina,  &c, 

JSGI'RINON,    An  ointment  of  which  the  fruit 
or  flower  of  the  poplar  was  an  ingredient;  from 
aiyupoq,  '  the  black  poplar,' 
^GLIA.  ^gias. 

^GOCERAS,  Trigonella  foenum, 
iEGOLETHRON,  Ranunculus  flammula, 
iEGONYCHON,  Lithospermum  officinale. 
^GOPHONIA,  Egophony, 
^.GOPHONICUS,  Egophonic, 
^GOPODIUM  PODAGRARIA,  Ligusticum 
podagraria, 
^GRIPPA,  Agrippa, 

iEGRITUDO,  Disease— se.  Ventrieuli,  Vomit- 
ing. 

iEGROTATIO,  Disease. 
iEGROTUS,  Sick, 

^GYP'TIA,  An  epithet  for  several  medi- 
cines, mentioned  by  Galen,  Paulus  of  ^gina, 
and  Myrepsns. 

iEoYp'TiA  MoscnATA,  Hibiscus  abelmosehus, 
iEcYP'TIA     Stypte'riA,     AiyvTTTia     (rrvirrripia, 
Egyptian  alum.     Recommended  by  Hippocr, 

^gyp'tia  Ui/cera;  Egyptian  idcers.  Ulcers 
of  the  fauces  and  tonsils,  described  by  Areuens, 
as  common  in  Egypt  and  Syria, 


iSGrPTIACUM 


51 


iETHER 


^GYPTIACUM,  ^gyp'tion,  Mende'sion,  Mel 
^gyptiacum,  Phar'macum  ^gyptiacum.  A  pre- 
paration of  vinegar,  honey,  and  verdigris,  scarcely 
used  now,  except  by  veterinary  surgeons  as  a  de- 
tergent.    See  Linimentum  iEruginis. 

^GYPTION,  iEgyptiacum. 

^GYPTIUM  MEDICAMENTUM  AD 
AURES,  Pharmacum  ad  aures. 

^GYP'TIUS  PESSUS :  JEgyptian  pessary. 
A  pessary,  composed  of  honey,  turpentine,  butter, 
oil  of  lily  or  of  rose,  saffron,  each  one  part ;  with 
Bometimes  a  small  quantity  of  verdigris. 

AEICHRYSON,  Sedum. 

^IPATHEIA,  see  Continent  (Disease.) 

AEIPATHIA,  see  Continent  (Disease.) 

iEMOPTOICA  PASSIO,  Hemoptysis. 

iENEA,  Catheter. 

^OLECTHYMA,  Variola. 

^OLLION,  Varicella. 

^OLLIUM,  Varicella. 

iEON,  aiiav.  The  entire  age  of  a  man  from 
birth  till  death. — Hippocrates,  Galen.  Also,  the 
Epinal  marrow.     See  Medulla  Spinalis. 

^ONESIS,  Fomentation. 

iBONION,  Sedum. 

^O'RA,  from  aia^cia,  'I  suspend.'  Gestation, 
swinging. — Aetius,  Celsus,  &e. 

^QUALIS,  Equal. 

^QUA'TOR  OC'ULI.  The  line  formed  by 
the  union  of  the  upper  and  under  eyelid,  when 
they  are  closed.  It  is  below  the  middle  of  the  globe. 

.^QUIVOCUS,  Equivocal. 

AER,  Air. 

AERATION  OP  THE  BLOOD,  Hematosis. 

AERAjTUS,  Carbonated. 

AERE,  Carbonated. 

^REOLUM,  ^reolus,  Chalcus.  The  sixth 
part  of  an  obolus  by  weight,  consequently  about 
2  grains. 

iE'RESIS,  aipto-ij,  'the  removal  of  any  thing.' 
A  sufiSx  denoting  a  removal  or  separation,  as 
Apharesis,  Diceresis,  &c. 

AERGIA,  Torpor. 

AERIF'EROUS,  Aerifer,  (F.)  Aerifere,  from 
aer,  '  air,'  and  ferre,  '  to  carry.'  An  epithet  for 
tubes  which  convey  air,  as  the  larynx,  trachea, 
and  bronchia. 

AERIFLUX'US.  The  discharge  of  gas,  and 
the  fetid  emanations  from  the  sick.  Flatulence. 
. —  Sauvages. 

AERODIAPH'THORA,  from  a^p,  'air,'  and 
iiacpOopa,  'corruption.'    A  corrupt  state  of  the  air. 

AERO-ENTERECTASIA,  Tympanites. 

AEROL'OGY ;  Aerolog"ia,  Aerolog"ice,  from 
oTjp,  '  air,'  and  \aYog,  '  a  description.'  That  part 
of  physics  which  treats  of  the  air,  its  qualities, 
uses,  and  action  on  the  animal  economy. 

AER'OMANCY,  Aeromanti'a,  from  anp,  'aii',' 
and  fiavTua,  'divination."  An  art  in  judicial  as- 
trology, which  consists  in  the  foretelling,  by 
means  of  the  air,  or  substances  found  in  the  at- 
mosphere. 

AEROMELI,  Fraxinus  omus. 

AitROPERITONIE,  see  Tympanites. 

AEROPHOB'IA,  from  anp,  'air,'  and  (po^o;, 
'fear.'  Dread  of  the  air.  This  symptom  often 
accompanies  hydrophobia,  and  sometimes  hyste- 
Tia  and  other  affections. 

AEROPHOB'ICUS,  Aeroph'ohns ;  same  ety- 
mon.    One  affected  with  aerophobia. 

AEROPHOBUS,  Aerophobieus. 

AEROPHTHORA,  Aerodiaphthora. 

AEROPLEURIE,  Pneumothorax. 

AEROSIS,  Pneumatosis,  Tympanites. 

AEROTHORAX,  Pneumothorax. 

.ffiRUCA,  Cupri  subacetas. 


-SlRU'GIlSrOUS,  ^rugino'aus,  lo'des,  from 
jErugo,  'verdigris.'  (F.)  Erugineux.  Resem- 
bling verdigris  in  colour ;  as  the  bile  when  dis- 
charged at  times  from  the  stomach. 

jERU'GO,  JOS, from £Es,  'copper.'  Therustof  any 
metal,  properly  of  brass.      See  Cupri  Subacetas. 

JErugo  Ferri,  Ferri  subcarbonas — 33.  Plumbij 
Plumbi  subcarbonas. 

jUS,  Cuprum. 

^SCHOS,  aicxo;.  Deformity  of  the  body  ge- 
nerally, or  of  some  part.  —  Hippocrates. 

^S'CULUS  HIPPOCAS'TANUM,  from  esca, 
'food,'  [?]  Casta'nea  equi'na,  Pavi'na,  Horse- 
chestnut,  Buck-eye.  (F.)  Marronier  d'Inde.  Nat. 
Ord.  Hippocastaneae.  Sex.  Syst.  Heptandria  Mo- 
nogynia.  The  bark  has  been  advised  as  a  substi- 
tute for  cinchona.  Both  bark  and  fruit  are  as- 
tringent. Externally,  it  has  been  employed,  like 
cinchona,  in  gangrene. 

^SECAVUM,  Brass. 

ESTATES,  Ephelides. 

^STHE'MA,  aiaQrjfia,  gen.  ataOrifiaTog,  'a  sen- 
sation, a  perception.'  See  Sensation  and  Sensi- 
bility. In  the  plural,  cBsthe'mata,  the  apparatuses 
of  the  senses. 

^STHEMATOL'OGY,  ^sthematolog" ia  ; 
from  aiadrijxa,  and  Xoyoj,  'a  description.'  The 
doctrine  of,  or  a  treatise  on,  the  senses,  or  on  the 
apparatus  of  the  senses. 

^STHEMATONU'SI,  ^stJiematorganonu'si, 
from  aiadriiia,  and  vovaoi,  '  diseases.'  Diseases 
affecting  sensation. 

^STHEMATORGANONUSI,  ^sthemato- 
nusi. 

^STHE'SIS,  Aisthe'sis,  from  atdSavofiai,  '  I 
feel.'  The  faculty  of  being  affected  by  a  sensa- 
tion. Perception.  Sensibility,  as  well  as  the 
senses  themselves.     See  Sense. 

iESTHETERION,  Sensorium. 

iESTHET'ICA,  from  aia^avopai,  'I  feel.'  Dis- 
eases affecting  the  sensations.  Dulness,  depra- 
vation or  abolition  of  one  or  more  of  the  external 
organs  of  sense.  The  2d  order,  class  N'eurotica, 
of  Good.     Also,  agents  that  affect  sensation. — 

^sflVUS,  Estival. 

^STUARIUM,  Stove. 

J5STUATI0,  Ardor,  Ebullition,  Fermentation. 

^STUS,  Ardor. 

^STUS  Volat'icus.  Sudden  heat,  scorching 
or  flushing  of  the  face. — Vogel. 

^TAS,  Age — se.  Bona,  Adolescence — se.  De- 
crepita.  Decrepitude  —  as.  Mala,  Senectus  —  £e. 
Provecta,  Senectus — se.  Senilis,  Senectus. 

^THER,  Ether,  from  aiSrjp,  'air,'  or  from  aiSw,. 
'I  burn.'  Liquor  cBthe' reus.  A  volatile  liquor  ob- 
tained by  distillation  from  a  mixture  of  alcohol 
and  a  concentrated  acid.  See  Mih^r  sulphuricus, 
and  Ether. 

^THER  CHLORicrs,  Chloroform ;  Ether,  chloric. 

^THER  Htdrocyan'icus,  JEther  Pnta'sieue, 
Hydrocyan'ic  Ether,  Hydrocy'anate  of  Eth'erine, 
Oyan'uret  of  Eth'ide,  (F.)  Ether  Hydrocyanique, 
has  been  advised  in  hooping-cough,  and  where 
the  hydrocyanic  acid  is  indicated.    Dose,  6  drops. 

JSther  Lignostis,  Acetone. 

^THER  Martialis,  Tinctura  seu  Alcohol  sul- 
furieo-sethereus  ferri. 

^THER  Muriat'icus,  Iluriat'ic  or  Qhlorohy- 
dric  Ether,  Mu'riate  of  Etherive,  Chloride  vf 
Etliyle.  This  ether,  on  account  of  its  volatility, 
can  only  be  kept  in  cool  places.  It  has  the  pro- 
perties of  the  other  ethers,  and  when  used,  if 
generally  mixed  with  an  equal  bulk  of  alcohol. 
It  has  been  employed  as  an  anajsthetic.  A  Ohio- 
rinated  Ghlorohydric  Ether,  (F.)  Ether  Chlor- 
hydrique  ehlore,  formed  by  the  action  of  Chlorine 
on  Chlorohydric  Ether,  has  been  introduced  into 
practice  as  a  local  ansesthetio. 


iBTHEEJIA  HEPtBA 


52 


AFFEEENT 


^THER  NiTBicTTS  Alcoolisatus,  Spiritus 
aeitheris  nitrici — ae.  Pyro-aceticus,  Acetone. 

^THKR  Sulphu'ricus,  ^.  Vitriol' icus,  Naph- 
tha Vitrioli,  Sul'phuric  Ether.  Ether  prepared 
from  sulphuric  ether  and  alcohol. 

Rectified  Ether,  uSHther  rectifica'tus,  prepared 
by  distilling  12  oz.  from  a  mixture  of  sulphuric 
ether,  f  5xir,  fused  potass,  3SS.  and  distilled 
water,  f  3ij,  is  a  limpid,  colourless,  very  inflam- 
mable, volatile  liquor ;  of  a  penetrating  and  fra- 
grant odour,  and  hot  pungent  taste.  Its  s.  g.  is 
0.732. 

^ther  Sulphuricus,  Sulphuric  Ether  of  the 
Pharmacopoeia  of  the  United  States  (1842), 
JEther  of  that  of  1851,  is  formed  from  alcohol, 
Oiv ;  sulphuric  acid,  Oj  ;  potassa,  ^vj  ;  distilled 
water,  fjiij;  distilling  and  redistilling  according 
to  the  process  there  laid  down.  The  specific  gra- 
vity of  this  ether  is  0.750. 

It  is  a  diSusible  stimulant,  narcotic  and  anti- 
spasmodic, and  is  externally  refrigerant.  Dose, 
gtt,  XXX  to  f  ^iss.  When  ether  is  inhaled,  it  is 
found  to  be  a  valuable  anaesthetic  agent :  and  is 
employed  with  advantage  in  spasmodic  affections, 
and  in  surgical  operations.     See  Anaesthetic. 

The  Parisian  Codex  has  an  JEther  ace'ticus,  an 
JEther  muria'tieus  seu  hydrochlor' icus,  an  JEther 
ni'tricus  seu  nitro'sus,  and  an  ^ther  phospho- 
ra'tus.  They  all  j)0ssess  similar  virtues.  See 
Anaesthetic. 

^THER  StTLPHTJBicrs  AciDTJS,  Elixir  acidum 
Halleri  —  ae.  Sulphuricus  cum  alcohole,  Spiritus 
setheris  sulphurici — ae.  Sulphuricus  cum  alcohole 
aromaticus,  Spu-itus  aetheris  aromaticus. 

^THER  Terbbinthina'  tus.  Terebinth' inated 
ether,  made  by  mixing  gradually  two  pounds  of 
alcohol,  and  half  a  pound  of  spirit  of  turpentine, 
with  two  pounds  of  concentrated  nitric  acid,  and 
distilling  one-half  the  mixture  with  a  gentle  heat. 
Employed  externally  and  internally  in  biliary 
calculi,  rheumatism,  &c.  Dose  20  to  40  drops, 
in  honey  or  yolk  of  egg. 

^THEREA  HERBA,  Eryngium  maritimum. 

^THE'REAL,  Ethe'real,  Ethe'reous,  ^the'- 
reus,  (F.)  EthSrSe.  An  ethereal  tincture,  (F.) 
Teinture  ^therie,  is  one  formed  by  the  action  of 
sulphuric  ether,  at  the  ordinary  temperature,  on 
medicinal  substances.  An  ethereal  oil  is  a  vola- 
tile oil.     See  Olea  Volatilia. 

^THERIZATIO,  Etherization. 

iETHERIZATUS,  Etherized. 

^THE'RBO-OLEO'SA  (Remedia),  from 
JEtheroleum,  'a.  volatile  oil.'  Remedies,  whose 
properties  are  dependent  upon  the  volatile  oil 
they  contain. 

iETHEROLEA,  Olea  volatilia. 

^THIOP'ICUS  LAPIS,  Ethiopian  stone.  A 
stone  formerly  supposed  to  be  possessed  of  con- 
siderable virtue. — Oribasius. 

^THIOPIFICA'TIO,  uEthiopopoe'sis,  jEthi- 
opis'mus,  JEthiopio' sis,  from  JEthiops,  And  facere, 
*to  make.'  The  mummy-like  colouring  of  the 
skin,  induced  at  times  by  the  use  of  mercurial 
wintraent;  and  seen  in  bodies  poisoned  by  arsenic. 

^THIOPIOSIS,  Jilthiopificatio. 

^THIOPIS,  Salvia  sclarea. 

^THIOPISMUS,  ^thiopificatio. 

^THIOPOPOESIS,  ^thiopificatio. 

^'THIOPS,  from  ai^u,  'I  burn,'  and  ax^, 
'countenance.'  A  black  or  burnt  countenance. 
Th«  ancients  gave  this  name  to  certain  oxides 
and  sulphurets  of  metals,  which  wera  of  a  black 
colour. 

Htkiops  Albus,  Albino — ae.  Alcalisatus,  Hy- 
drargyrum cum  creta  —  ae.  Animal,  see  Choroid. 

j^ilTniOPS  Martia'liS:  Fej-ri  Leutox'ydum  ni- 
grum. The  black  deutoxide  of  iron :  once  in  re- 
I'Ute  as  a  tonic. 

^THioPS  MiNERALis,  Hydtargyri  sulphuretum 


nigrum— ae.  Narcoticus,  Hydrargyri  sulphuretum 
nigrum — ae.  per  se,  Hydrargyri  oxydum  cinereum 
— ae.  Saccharatus,  Hydrargyrum  saccharatum — > 
£6.  Vegetabilis,  see  Fueus  vesiculosus. 

^THOL'ICES,  from  ai5a),  'I  burn.'  Fiery 
pustules  on  the  skin.  Some  have  considered 
them  to  have  been  hoils. 

^THUSA  AMMI,  Sison  ammi. 

JSthtj'sa  Cyna'pium,  Fool's  Parsley,  (F.)  Faux 
Persil,  Petite  Oigue.  Family,  Umbelliferee.  Sex-. 
Syst.  Pentandria  Digynia.  A  poisonous  plant, 
which  has  been  mistaken  for  true  parsley,  pro- 
ducing nausea,  vomiting,  headache,  giddiness, 
sopor,  and  at  times,  fatal  results.  It  resembles 
conium  in  its  action, 

^THu'sA  Meum,  ileum,  31.  Athaman'ticum, 
seu  Anethifo'lium,  Athaman'ta  Meum,  Ligiis' ticum 
Capilla'ceuni  seu  Meum,  Ses'eli  Meum,  Meu,  Spig- 
nel,  Baldmoney.  (F.)  Ethuse,  Meum.  The  root  has 
been  advised  as  carminative,  stomachic,  &c. 

iETIOL'OGY,  jEtiolog"ia,  Etiol'ogy,  Aitio- 
log"ia,'  from,  airia,  'cause,' and  \oyos,  *a  dis- 
course.'    The  doctrine  of  the  causes  of  disease. 

^TI'TES,  from  aero;,  'an  eagle.'  Eagle-stone, 
Pierre  d'Aigle,  Hydrate  de  tritoxide  defer.  This 
stone  was  formerly  supposed  to  facilitate  delivery, 
if  bound  on  the  thigh ;  and  to  prevent  abortion, 
if  bound  on  the  arm.  It  was  also  called  Lapis 
Collymus. 

MTOl  PHLEBES,  Temporal  veins, 

^TOLION,  Cnidia  grana. 

AFFABISSEMENT,  (F.)  from/ac?e,  'insipid.' 
That  condition  of  the  digestive  function  in  which 
the  appetite   is   diminished,  the   sense  of  taste  ' 
blunted,  and  the  action  of  the  stomach  enfeebled; 
a  state  usually  accompanied  by  general  languor. 

AFFAIBLISSE3IENT,  Asthenia. 

AFFAIRES,  Menses. 

AFFATSSE3IENT,  Collapsus. 

AFFECTIO,  Affection— a.  Arthritica  Cordis, 
Cardiagra — a.  Hypochondriaca,  Hypochondriasis 
— a.  Hysterica,  Hysteria — a.  Sarmatica,  Plica— 
a.  Tympanitica,  Tympanites. 

AFFECTION,  Affec'tio,  from  affido  or  affec 
tare  {ad  and  facere,)  'to  move  or  influence.' 
Any  mode  in  which  the  mind  or  body  is  affected 
or  modified. 

AFFECTION  TYPHOlBE,  see  Typhus  — 
a.  Vaporeuse,  Hypochondriasis. 

AFFECTIONES  ANIMI,  Affecfions  of  the 
mind.  . 

AFFECTIONS  OF  THE  MIND,  Affec'tus  seu 
Passio'nes  seu  Affectio'nes  seu  Conquassatio'nes 
seu  Confusio'nes  seu  Turhatio'nes  seu  Perturha- 
tio'nes  an'imi,  (F.)  Affections  de  I'dme  include  not 
only  the  different  passions,  as  love,  hatred,  jea>- 
lousy,  Ac,  but  every  condition  of  the  mind  that 
is  accompanied  by  an  agreeable  or  disagreeable 
feeling,  as  pleasure,  fear,  sorrow,  &c. 

In  Pathology,  Affection,  Pathos,  Pathe'ma,  is 
synonymous  with  disease :  thus  we  speak  of  a 
pulmonary  affection,  a  calculous  affectian,  <fec. 

AFFECTIONS  BE  L'AME.  Affections  of 
the  mind. 

AFFECTIVE.  That  which  affects,  touches,  .to. 
Gall  gives  the  term  affective  faculties  (F.)  Facul- 
tea  affectives,  to  functions  dependent  upon  the 
organization  of  the  brain,  comprising  the  senti- 
ments, affections,  <fec. 

AFFECTUS,  Passion  —  a.  Faucium  pestilens, 
Cyanche  maligna  —  a.  Hyderodes,  Hydrops — a. 
Spasmodico-convulsivus  labiorum.  Neuralgia  fa- 
ciei. 

AF'FERENT,  Af'ferens,  Centrip'etal,  Esod'ic, 
from  affero,  (ad  and /ero,  'to  carry,')  'I  bring.' 
Conveying  inwards,  as  from  the  periphery  to  the 
centre.  The  vessels  which  convey  the  lymph  to 
the  lymphatic  glands,  are  called  afferent.    Also, 


AFFIOH 


53 


AGGLUTINANT 


nerves  that  convey  impressions  towards  the  nerv- 
ous centres — ncrvi  sntobcBnon'tes. 

AF'FION,  Of'fium,  O'pium.  The  Bantamese 
thus  designate  an  electuary  of  which  opium  is  the 
basis,  and  which  they  use  as  an  excitant. 

AFFLA'TUS,  Adjia'fus,  Epipnoi'a,  from  ad, 
'to/  and  flare  'to  blow.'  Any  air  that  strikes 
the  body  and  produces  disease. 

AF'FLUENCE,  Afflux,  from  affluere,  (ad  and 
fliierc,  *to  flow,')  'to  flow  to.'  A  flow  or  deter- 
mination of  humours,  and  particularly  of  blood, 
towards  any  part. 

AFFLUXUS,  Fluxion. 

AFFUSIO,  Afi'usion — a.  Frigida,  see  Affusion 
— a.  Orbicularis,  Placenta. 

AFFU'SION,  Affii'sio,  Pros'chysis,  Epich'ysis, 
frofn  ad,  'to,'  And  fundere,  fusum,  'to  pour.'  The 
action  of  pouring  a  liquid  on  any  body.  Affu- 
ffions,  Rhyptolu'sim,  cold  and  warm,  are  used  in 
different  diseases.  The  cold  affusion,  Affu'sio 
seu  Perfu'sio  frig"ida,  is  said  to  have  been  bene- 
ficial in  cutting  short  typhus  fever  and  scarlatina, 
if  used  during  the  first  days.  It  consists  in  pla- 
cing the  patient  in  a  tub,  and  pouring  cold  water 
over  him ;  then  wiping  him  dry,  and  putting  him 
to  bed.  The  only  precaution  necessary,  is,  to 
use  it  in  the  state  of  greatest  heat  and  exacerba- 
tion ;  not  when  chilliness,  or  topical  inflamma- 
tion, is  present. 

AFIUM,  Opium. 

AFTER-BIRTH,  Secundines. 

AFTER-PAINS,  see  Pains,  labour. 

AGACEMENT,  (F.)  from  aKa(,av,  'to  sharpen.' 
The  setting  on  edge. 

AGACEMENT  BBS  DENTS.  A  disagree- 
able sensation  experienced  when  acids  are  placed 
in  contact  with  the  teeth.  Tooth  edge.  Setting 
the  teeth  on  edge. 

AGAOEMENT  BES  NERFS.  A  slight  ir- 
ritation of  the  system,  and  particularly  of  the 
organs  of  sense  and  locomotion,  corresponding 
nearly  to  the  English  Fidgets. 

AGALACTATIO,  Agalactia. 

AGALACTIA,  Agalax'ia,  Agalac'tio,  Agalae- 
ta'tio,  Befec'tus  lac'tis,  Oligoga'lia,  OUgogalac'- 
tia,  from  a,  privative,  and  ya\a,  'milk.'  Absence 
of  milk  in  the  mammae. 

AGALAXIA,  Agalactia. 

AGAL'LOCHUM,  from  ayaWoftai,  'to  become 
splendid,'  Calambae,  Oalamhouk,  Lig'mtm  AgaV- 
lochi  veri,  Lig'num  Al'o'es,  L.  AspaV athi,  Xylo- 
aloes,  Aloes  wood.  A  resinous  and  very  aromatic 
wood  of  the  East  Indies,  from  Excaca'ria  AgaV- 
locha,  Oynometra  Agal'lochum,  Aloex'ylon  AgaV- 
lochwn.  Used  in  making  pastils,  &c.  —  Diosco- 
rides,  Oribasius,  Paulus. 

AGAMOUS,  see  Cryptogamous. 

AG'ARIC,  Agar'icum.  A  genus  of  plants  in 
the  Linnsean  system,  some  of  which  are  edible, 
others  poisonous.  It  was  so  called  from  Agaria, 
a  region  of  Sarmatia. — Dioscorides.  Among  the 
edible  varieties  of  the  Boletus,  the  following  are 
the  chief.  1.  The  Agar'icus  edu'lis  seu  Arven'sis 
seu  Sylvat'icus  seu  Campes'tris,  (F.)  Agaric  comes- 
tible et  champignon  de  couche.  2.  The  Agar'icus 
odora'tus,  (F.)  Mousseron.  The  most  common 
poisonous  varieties  are  the  Agar'icus  neea'tor, 
(F.)  Agaric  meurtrier:  and  2.  The  Agaricus 
acris,  (F.)  Agaric  acre;  besides  the  Auranite,  a 
sub-genus,  which  includes  several  species.  One 
of  the  most  delicate  is  the  Agaricus  Aurantiacus, 
but  care  must  be  taken  not  to  confound  it  with 
the  A.  Pseudo-aurantiacus,  which  is  very  poi- 
sonous. The  A.  aurantiacus  is  called,  in  French, 
Oronge.     See  Poisons,  Table  of. 

Agabic,  see  Boletus  igniarius  —  a.  Blanc,  Bo- 
letus laricis — a.  de  Chene,  Boletus  igniarius — a. 
Female,  Boletus  igniarius  —  a.  of  the  Oak,  Bole- 


tus igniarius — a.  Odorant,  DsedaleasuaTeolens— 
a.  White,  Boletus  laricis. 

AGARICUM,  Boletus  igniarius. 

AGARICUS,  Boletus  igniarius — a.  Albus,  Bo- 
letus laricis — a.  Arvensis,  see  Agaric — a.  Auran- 
tiacus, Amanitas,  Bolites  —  a.  Auricuteforma, 
Peziza  auricula  —  a.  Campestris,  see  Agaric — a. 
Chirurgorum,  Boletus  igniarius  —  a.  Igniarius, 
Boletus  igniarius — a.  Laricis,  Boletus  laricis  — 
a.  Pseudo-aurantiacus,  Amanitas  —  a.  Quercfis, 
Boletus  igniarius  —  a.  Sylvaticus,  see  Agaric. 

AGASYLLIS  GALBANUM,  Bubon  galbanum. 

AGATHIS  DAMARRA,  Pinus  damarra. 

AGATHOSMA  CRENATUM,  Diosma  cre- 
nata. 

AGATHOTES  CHIRAYITA,  Gentiana  chi- 
rayita.       _ 

AGA'VE  AMEUICA'NA,  A.  Ramo'sa,  Ameri- 
can  Agave,  American  aloe,  Maguey,  from  ayavos, 
'admirable.'  Nat.  Ord.  Bromeliaceae.  Sex.  Syet. 
Hexandria  Monogynia.  This  plant  has  been 
considered  diuretic  and  antisyphilitic.  The  fa- 
vourite drink  of  the  Mexicans — Pulque — is  the 
fermented  juice  of  this  plant. 

Agave  Ramosa,  A.  Americana. 

Agave  Virgin'ica,  Rattlesnake's  master : — 
grows  in  the  Southern  States.  The  root  is  very 
bitter.  It  has  been  used  in  tincture  as  a  carmina- 
tive in  colic ;  and  as  a  remedy  for  bites  of  ser- 
pents. 

AGE,  'rjXiKia,  Heli'Ma,  JEtas ;  —  Of  uncertain 
etymon.  Period  of  life.  Time  that  has  elapsed 
since  birth,  &c.  Five  ages  are  often  designated 
in  the  life  of  man.  1.  First  infancy  {Infan'tia;) 
2.  Second  infancy  (Pueri"tia;)  3.  Adolescence 
(Adolescen'tia:)  4.  The  adult  age  {Viril'itas:) 
5.  Old  age  {Senec'tus.) 

A6ENEI0S,  Imberbis. 

AGEN'ESIS,  from  a,  privative,  and  ytvtan, 
'generation.'  Imperfect  development  of  any  part 
of  the  body;  as  cerebral  agenesis,  i.  e.  imperfect 
development  of  the  brain  in  the  foetus. 

AGENNESIA,  Impotence,  Sterilitas. 

AGENNESIS,  Impotence. 

AGENOSO'MUS;  from  a,  privative,  ytwau, 
'I  generate,'  and  aw^a,  'body.'  A  malformation 
in  which  the  fissure  and  eventration  are  chiefly 
in  the  lower  part  of  the  abdomen  ,•  the  urinary 
or  sexual  apparatus  absent  or  very  rudimentary. 

AGENT,  Agens,  from  agere,  'to  act.'  Any 
power  which  produces,  or  tends  to  produce  an 
eflFect  on  the  human  body.  Morbific  agents,  (F.) 
Agens  morbiflqiies,  are  the  causes  of  disease;  — 
therapeutical  agents,  (F.)  Agens  therapeutiques^ 
the  means  of  treating  it. 

AGER  NATURiE,  Uterus. 

AGERA'SIA,  Insenescen'tia,  from  a,  privative, 
and  ynpa;,  'old  age.'  A  vigorous  and  green  old 
age. 

AGERATUM,  Achillea  ageratum. 

AGE'RATUS  LAPIS.  A  stone  used  by  cob- 
blers to  polish  shoes.  It  was  formerly  esteemed 
discutient  and  astringent.  —  Galen,  Oribasius, 
Paulus. 

AGES,  Palm. 

AGEUSIA,  Ageustia. 

AGEUS'TIA,  Agheus'tia,  Ageu'sia,  Apogeua'- 
tia,  Apogeu' sis,  Byaasthe'sia  gustato'ria,  Para- 
geu'sis,  from  a,  priv.,  and  ytvan,  'taste.'  Dimi- 
nution or  loss  of  taste,  Ancesthe'sia  lingucB.  Sau- 
vages,  Cullen. 

AGGLOM'ERATE,  Agglomera'tus,  from  ag- 
glom,erare  {ad  and  glomerare,  'to  wind  up  yarn 
in  a  ball,')  'to  collect  together.'  Applied  to  tu- 
mours or  glands  in  aggregation. 

AGGLU'TINANT,  Agglu'tinans,  Collet'tcme, 
Glu'tinans,  from  gluten,  'glue'  (F.)  Agglutinaut, 
Agglutinatif,    Glutinatif.      Remedies   were   for- 


TO  AGGLUTINATE 


54 


AGRTPNODES 


tnerly  so  called,  which  were  considered  capable 
of  uniting  divided  parts. — Paulus. 

Plasters  are  called  agglutinants,  (P.)  aggluti- 
natifs,  which  adhere  strongly  to  the  skin.  Cer- 
tain bandages  are  likewise  so  termed.  (P.)  Ban- 
delettes  aqglutinatives. 

TO  AGGLU'TINATE.  The  French  use  the 
word  agglutiner,  in  the  sense  of  'to  reunite;'  as 
agijlutiiier  les  levrea  d'une  plaie,  'to  reunite  the 
lips  of  a  wound.' 

AGGLUTINATIF,  Agglutinant. 

AGGLUTINATIO,  Coition. 

AGGLUTINA'TION,  CoUe'sia,  Upteolle'sia, 
Proscolle'sia,  Glutina'tio,  from  agglutinare,  'to 
glue  together.'  The  first  degree  of  adhesion. 
Also,  the  action  of  agglutinants. 

AGGLUTINER,  To  agglutinate. 

AG'GREGATE,  Aggrega'tua,  from  aggregare, 
{ad  and  gregare,)  'to  flock  together,'  'to  assemble 
together.'  Glands  are  called  aggregate  which 
are  in  clusters.  See  Peyeri  Glandulae.  Aggre- 
gate pi7Zs,  (P.)  Pilulea  agregatives,  signified, 
formerly,  those  which  were  believed  to  contain 
the  properties  of  a  considerable  number  of  medi- 
cines^ and  to  be  able  to  supply  their  place. 

AGHEUSTIA,  Ageustaa. 

AGHOUL,  Agul. 

AGIAHA'LID  or  AGIHA'LID  or  AGRA- 
HA'LID.  An  Egyptian  and  Ethiopian  shrub, 
similar  to  Ximenia.  The  Ethiopians  use  it  as  a 
vermifuge.     The  fruit  is  purgative. 

AGIHALID,  Agiahalid. 

AGISSANT,  Active. 

AGITATION,  Agita'tio,  Done'aia ;  from  agere, 
'to  act.'  Constant  and  fatiguing  motion  of  the 
body,  Tyrhe,  Tyrha'aia,  In'quiea,  —  or  distressing 
mental  inquietude, — An'imi  Agita'tio. 

AGITATORIUS,  Convul'sive. 

AGLOS'SIA,  from  a,  privative,  and  y'Xiatrca, 
'  the  tongue.'  A  malformation,  which  consists  in 
the  want  of  a  tongue. 

AGLOSSOS'TOMA,  from  Aglossia,  and  aroiia, 
'  mouth.'     A  mouth  without  a  tongue. 

AGLOSSOSTOMOG'RAPHY,  Aglossoatomo- 
gra'pMa,  from  a,  priv.,  yXoxrcra,  'the  tongue,' 
cTOfia,  'the  mouth,'  and  ypaipii),  'I  describe.' 
Description  of  a  mouth  without  a  tongue. — Ro- 
land (of  Saumur). 

AGLUTI'TION,  Agluti'tio,  from  a,  priv.,  and 
glutire,  '  to  swallow.'  A  hybrid  term,  designat- 
ing impossibility  of  swallowing. — Linnaeus. 

AGMA,  Fracture. 

AGMATOLOG"IA,  from  ayfia,  fracture,  and 
"yoyog,  '  a  description.'  The  doctrine  of  fractures. 
A  treatise  on  fractures. 

AGME,  Fracture. 

AGMINA  DIGITORUM  MANUS,  Phalanges 
of  the  fingers. — a.  Membrana,  Amnios. 

AGMINATED  GLANDS,  Peyer's  glands. 

AGNA'THIA,  from  a,  priv.,  and  yvados,  'jaw.' 
A  malformation,  which  consists  in  the  want  of 
the  jaw,  especially  of  the  lower. 

AGNINA  MEJIBRANA,  Amnios. 

AGNOI'A,  Agnae'a  from  a,  priv.,  and  yivoo-fcu, 
'  I  know.'  State  of  a  patient  who  does  not  recog- 
nise individuals. — Hippocrates,  Galen,  Foesius. 
AGNUS_  CASTUS,  Vite.T. 
AGO'GE,  ay-yr}.  The  order  or  condition  of  a 
Jisease. — Hippoc,  Galen.  Likewise  the  state  of 
the  air. — Hippoc,  Galen,  Gorrseus,  Foesius. 

.AGOGUE,  ayoiyog,  a  leader,'  from  ayio,  'I  lead 
or  expel.'  Hence  Gholagogue,  an  expeller  of 
bile  :  Hydrngogue,  <fec. 

AGOMPHI'ASIS,  Agompho'eia,  from  a,  priva- 
tive,  and  yofiij)oii},  'I   nail.'     Looseness  of  the 
leeth. — GoTasus.     See  Gomphiasis. 
AGOMPHOSIS,  .A gomphiasis. 
AGON,  Agonj. 


AGONE,  Hyoscyamus. 
AGONIA,  Sterilitas. 
AGONISMA,  Agony. 
AGONISMUS,  Agony. 

AGONIS'TICA,  from  ayi,iv,  'a  combat.'  The 
part  of  ancient  gymnastics,  which  had  reference 
to  the  combats  of  the  Athletaj. 

Also,  very  cold  water,  given  internally,  to  calm 
febrile  heat. — Paulus  of  ^gina. 
AGONIZANS,  Psychorages. 
AGONOS,  Sterile. 

AG'ONY,  Agon'ia,  Agon,  Agonia'ma,  Agonia'- 
mus,  Jloehthus,  Mogua,  Paychorag" ia,  Psychor- 
rhag"ia,  Angor,  from  aywv,  'a  combat.'  The 
last  struggle  of  life. — Galen,  Gorrseus,  &o.  The 
agony,  which  is  of  longer  or  shorter  duration,  is 
characterized  by  great  change  in  the  features, 
gradual  abolition  of  sensation  and  motion,  loss 
of  voice,  dryness  or  lividity  of  the  tongue  and 
lips,  rattling  in  the  throat,  small  and  intermit- 
tent pulse,  and  coldness  of  the  extremities. 
This  state  is  not  present  in  those  who  die  sud- 
denly.    See  Facies  Hippocratioa. 

AGOS'TUS,  from  ayui,  '  I  lead.'  The  fore  arm 
from  the  elbow  to  the  fingers.  Also,  the  palm 
of  the  hand. — Gorrseus.     See  Palm. 

AGRA,  aypa,  from  aypeii>,  'I  seize  hold  of.'  A 
seizure,  as  Odontagra,  a  tooth  seizure,  toothache ; 
Ohiragra,  Podagra,  &c. 

AGRAFE  BE  VALENTIN.  A  kind  of  for- 
ceps with  parallel  branches,  employed  by  Valen- 
tin in  the  operation  for  hare  lip,  to  effect  the  ap- 
proximation of  the  edges  of  the  wound. 

AGRAHALID,  Agiahalid. 

AGREGATIVES  PILULES.  See  Aggre- 
gate. 

AGRIA,  Herpes  exedens. 

AGRIAMPELOS,  Bryonia  alba. 

AGRICOCCIMELEA,  Pruuus  Spinosa. 

AGRIFOLIUM,  Ilex  aquifolium. 

AGRIMONIA,  Agrimony  —  a.  Eupatoria, 
Agrimony — a.  Odorata,  Agrimony — a.  Officina- 
lis, Agrimony. 

AG'RIMONY,  Agrimo'nia,  A.  Eupato'ria  seu 
odora'ta  seu  officina'lia,  Caf'al,  Lap'pida  hepat'- 
iea.  Cockle-bur,  Stichwort.  (F.)  Aigremoine.  Nat. 
Ord.  Rosacese.  Sex.  Syat.  Icosandria  Digynia. 
A  mild  astringent  and  stomachic.  Doae,  in 
powder,  from  ^j  to  ^j- 

Agrimony,  Hemp,  Eupatorium  cannabinum. 

AGRIOCASTANUM,  Bunium  bulbocastanum, 
Lycoperdon  tuber. 

AGRIOCINARA,  Sempervivum  tectorum. 

AGRIORIGANUM,  Origanum  majorana. 

AGRIOSELINUM,  Smyrnum  olusatrum. 

AGRIOTHYM'IA,  from  aypioj,  'ferocious,'  and 
•3-uf(os,  'disposition.'  Ferocious  insanity.  —  Sau- 
vages. 

AGRIPALMA  GALLIS,  Leonurus  cardiaca, 

AGRIP'PA,  jEgrip'pa,  from  csger  p)artua,  'dif- 
ficult birth  :'  or  perhaps  from  aypo,  '  taking,  or 
seizure,'  and  -rovg,  '  the  foot.'  This  term  has 
been  given  to  those  born  by  the  feet.  It  is  pre- 
tended that  the  family  of  Agrippa  obtained  their 
name  from  this  circumstance.  Parturition,  where 
the  feet  present,  is  called  AgripipcB  partua,  Agrip- 
pi'nua  partua. 

AGRIPPINUS  PARTUS,  see  Agrippa. 

AGRO  DI  CEDRO,  see  Citrus  medica. 

AGROPYRUM  L^VISSIMUM,  Triticum  re- 
pens. 

AGROSTIS,  Bryonia  alba. 

AGRUNA,  Prunus  spinosa. 

AGRYPNIA,  Insomnia. 

AGRYPNOCOMA,  Coma  vigil. 

AGRYPNO'DES,  from  ayprvof,  'sleepless.' 
Characterized  by  sleeplessness,  as  Fehria  Agry. 
jpnodee,  a  fever  accompanied  with  sleeplessness. 


AGRTPNOTICUS 


55 


AITION 


AGRYPNOTICUS,  Anthypnotic. 

AG-RYP'NUS,  aypvTTvos.     Sleepless ;  vigilant. 

AGUA  BE  VEEUGA,  see  Yarugas. 

AGUARDIENTE,  Brandy.  See  also  Spirit. 
— a.  de  Italia,  see  Spirit. 

A'GUE,  from  Gothic,  agis,  'trembling.'  (?)  In- 
termittent fever. 

Ague  and  Fever,  Intermittent  fever. 

Agtje  Cake,  Placen'ta  fehri'lis,  Physco'nia 
eple'nicum,  P .  splenica,  Splenia  Tumor;  (F.)  Ga- 
teau febrile.  A  visceral  obstruction — generally 
in  the  spleen — which  follows  agues,  and  is  dis- 
tinctly felt  by  external  examination.  To  a 
greater  or  less  degree,  it  is  not  uncommon. 

Ague,  Dead,  see  Fever,  masked.  Ague  drop, 
tasteless.  Liquor  arsenicalis — a.  Dumb,  see  Fever, 
masked — a.  Free,  Laurus  sassafras — a.  Leaping, 
see  Leaping  ague — a.  Quartan,  Quartan — a.  Ter- 
tian, Tertian  fever — a.  Weed,  Eupatorium  perfo- 
liatum. 

AGUL,  AgTtoul,  Alha'gi,  the  Hedisa'riim  seu 
Hedysa'rum  alhagi.  A  thorny  shrub  of  Persia 
and  Mesopotamia,  which  affords  manna.  The 
leaves  are  purgative. 

AGY'ION,  from  a,  priv.,  and  yviov,  'limb.' 
Mutilated  or  wanting  limbs. — Hippocr.  Weak, 
feeble. — Galen. 

AGYR'IAS,  from  ayvpn,  'a  collection.'  Opa- 
city of  the  crystalline. — Aetius,  Pare. 

AGYRTA,  from  ayvpis,  '  a  crowd.'  Formerly, 
a  stroller  who  pretended  to  supernatural  powers. 
Subsequently,  a  quack  or  illiterate  pretender. 
See  Charlatan. 

AGYRTIA,  Charlatanry. 

AHO'RA,  from  a,  privative,  and  'upa,  'youth.' 
Tardy  development  of  the  organs  : — the  opposite 
to  Hyperho'ra. 

AHOUAI,  Thevetia  ahouai. 

AHUSAL,  Orpiment. 

AHYPNIA,  Insomnia. 

AIDE,  (F.)  Ad'jutor  min'ister.  An  assistant 
to  a  surgeon  in  his  operations. 

AIDOROMANIA,  Nymphomania. 

AIERSA,  Iris  Germanica. 

AIGE,  ^gias. 

AIGLE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Near 
the  city  of  this  name,  in  Normandy,  is  the  cha- 
lybeate spring  of  Saint  Xantin,  much  used  in 
the  16th  and  17th  centuries. 

AIGLE,  Mgias. 

AIGRE,  Acidulous — a.  Voix.     See  Acid, 

AIGRELET,  Acidulous. 

AIGRETTE,  see  Typha  latifolia. 

AIGREMOINE,  Agrimony. 

AIGRE  URS,  Acidities. 

AIGU,  Acute. 

AIGUILLE,  Needle — a.  &  Acupuncture,  see 
Needle — a,  d  Appareil,  see  Needle — a.  d  Bee  de 
Lievre,  see  Needle — a.  d  Cataracte,  see  Needle — 
a.  de  Beschamps,  see  Needle — a.  Engainee,  see 
Needle — a.  d  Fistule,  see  Needle — a.  d.  Gaine, 
see  Needle— a.  d  Ligature,  see  Needle  —  a.  d 
Manche,  see  Needle — a.  d  Seton,  see  Needle — a. 
d  Suture,  see  Needle. 

AIGUILLON,  (F.)  Spina  Helmon'tii.  A 
term  used  since  the  time  of  Van  Helmont  to  de- 
signate the  proximate  cause  of  inflammation. 
According  to  him,  an  inflamed  part  is  in  the 
same  condition  as  if  an  aiguillon  or  thorn  were 
thrust  into  it. 

AIGUISER,  to  Acidulate. 

AIL,  Allium. 

AILE,  Ala,  Aileron. 

AILERON,  (F.)  Extre'ma  Ala  seu  Pin'nula, 
diminutive  of  (F.)  Aile,  a  wing.  The  extremity 
of  the  wing  of  a  bird,  to  which  the  great  feathers 
are  attached. 


AILERONS  BE  LA  MA  TRICE.  Three 
folds  at  the  base  of  the  broad  ligaments  of  tho 
uterus,  which  are  occupied  by  the  ovary  and  its 
ligament,  the  Fallopian  tube,  and  the  round  liga- 
ment. 

AIMA,  'aijia,  see  Hsema. 

AIM  ANT,  Magnet. 

AIMATERA,  Hepatirrhoea. 

AIMORRHCEA,  Heemorrhagia. 

AIMORRHOIS,  Hagmorrhois. 

AINE,  Inguen. 

AIPATHIA,  Continent  disease. 

AIPI,  Jatropha  manihot. 

AIPIMA  COXERA,  Jatropha  manihot. 

AIPIPOCA,  Jatropha  manihot. 

AIR,  Aer,  Pneuma,  from  aw,  'I  breathe.' 
Oommon  Air,  Atmospheric  air  (F.)  Air  atmosplie- 
rique,  is  an  invisible,  transparent,  inodorous,  in- 
sipid, ponderable,  compressible,  and  elastic  fluid, 
which,  under  the  form  of  the  atmosphere,  sur- 
rounds the  earth  to  the  height  of  15  or  16 
leagues. 

Air  is  essentially  composed  of  two  gases,  oxy- 
gen and  nitrogen,  in  the  proportion  of  20  of  the 
former  to  80  of  the  latter.  Oxygen  is  the  vital 
portion,  but  the  nitrogen  is  necessary  to  dilute  it. 
Air  also  contains  a  small  portion  of  carbonic  acid 
gas,  and  has  always  floating  in  it  aqueous  va- 
pour, difi'erent  terrestrial  emanations,  &c.  Its 
effects  upon  the  human  body  vary  according  to 
its  greater  or  less  density,  temperature,  moisture, 
(fee. ;  hence,  change  of  air  is  found  extremely 
serviceable  in  the  prevention  and  cure  of  certain 
morbid  conditions.  See  Climate  and  Respira- 
tion. 

AIR  ACIBE  riTRIOLIQUE,  Sulphurous 
acid — a.  Alcalin,  Ammonia — a.  Atmospheriqve, 
Air. 

Air  Bladder,  Swim-bladder,  Swimming  Mad- 
der ;  (F.)  Vessie  natatoire.  An  abdominal  organ 
in  many  fishes,  sometimes  communicating  by 
means  of  a  duct  with  the  alimentary  canal,  at 
others,  not,  which  is  considered  by  some  to  be- 
long to  the  respiratory  system.  Its  contents  are 
the  elements  of  atmospheric  air,  but  in  different 
proportions  ;  and  its  chief  and  general  function 
appears  to  be  to  regulate  the  specific  gravity  of 
the  fish. 

Air  Cells  of  the  Lungs,  Bronchial  cells;  see 
Cellule — a.  Chamber,  Folliculus  aeris — a.  Dephlo- 
gisticated,  Oxygen— a.  Empyreal,  Oxygen — a.  du 
Feu,  Oxygen — a.  Factitious,  Carbonic  acid — a. 
Fixed,  Carbonic  acid — a.  Gate,  Azote — a.  Inflam- 
mable, Hydrogen,  Hydrogen  carburetted. 

Air  Passages,  (F.)  Voies  aeriennea,  V.  aeii- 
feres.     The  larynx,  trachea,  bronchia,  &c. 

Air,  Pure,  Oxygen — a.  Solid,  of  Hales,  Cai- 
bonic  acid — a.  Vide,  Azote — a.  Vital,  Oxygen. 

AIRAIN,  Bell-metal,  Brass. 

AIRE,  Areola. 

AIRELLE  ANGULEUSE,  Vaccinium  myr- 
tillus — a.  Ponctuee,  Vaccinium  vitis  idsea. 

AIRIGNE,  Hook. 

AIRTHREY,  MINERAL  WATERS  OjC'. 
Airthrey  is  situate  about  two  miles  north  of 
Stirling,  Scotland.  The  waters  are  saline  ca- 
thartics ;  containing  chloride  of  sodium,  chlorida 
of  calcium,  sulphate  of  zinc,  and  chloride  of  mag- 
nesium. 

AISSELLE,  Axilla. 

AISTHESIS,  ^sthesis. 

AITHOMO'MA,  from  aiSos,  'black.'  A  black 
condition  of  all  the  humours  of  the  eye.  A. 
Pare. 

AITIA,  Cause. 

AITIOLOGY,  ^tiologia, 

AITION,  Cause. 


AIX-LA-CHAPELLB 


56 


ALBUM  CANIS 


AIX-LA-CHAPELLE,  MINERAL  WATERS 
OF.  Called  by  the  Germans,  Aachen.  A  ther- 
mal, sulphureous,  mineral  water,  which  contains, 
in  1000  grammes,  28.54  cubic  inches  of  sulpho- 
hydric  acid  gas,  18.05  cubic  inches  of  carbonic 
acid  gas,  0.1304  grammes  of  carbonate  of  lime, 
O.OMO  grammes  of  carbonate  of  magnesia,  0.5444 
grammes  of  carbonate  of  soda,  2.3697  grammes 
of  chloride  of  sodium,  0.2637  of  sulphate  of  soda, 
and  0.0705  of  silica.  The  temperature  is  134° 
Fahrenheit. 

The  factitious  water  of  Aix-la-Ghapelle,  A'qua 
Aquisgranen'ais,  (F.)  Eau  d' Aix-la-Ghapelle,  is 
made  by  adding  pure  water  f  ^xvijss,  to  hydro- 
eulphuretted  water  t^iv.,  carbonate  of  soda  gr. 
XX,  chloride  of  sodium  gr.  ix. — Ph.  P. 

There  are  thermal  sulphureous  springs  at  Aix 
in  Savoy  (9S°),  and  some  thermal  springs  at  Aix 
in  Provence  (91°). 

AIZOON,  Sempervivum  tectorum. 

A'JUGA,  A.  pyramida'lis,  Consol'ida  me'dia, 
Bu'gula,  JB.  piyramida'lis,  Teu' crium pyramida'le, 
Upright  Bugloss,  Middle  Conaound.  (F.)  Bugle 
pyramidale.  This  plant  is  Bubastringent  and 
bitter. 

Ajuga  Cham^epitts,  Teucrium  chamsepitys. 

Ajuga  PlEPTANs,  Bu'gula,  B.  reptans.  Common 
Bugle,  (F.)  Bugle  rampante,  has  similar  proper- 
ties. 

AKATALIS,  Juniperus  communis. 

AKATERA,  Juniperus  communis. 

AKLt^ESIA,  Acinesia. 

AKOLOGT,  Materia  Medica. 

AKRATOPEG^,  Acratopegse. 

ALA,  Pinna,  Pteryx,  'a  wing.'  (F.)  Aile. 
A  term  often  used  by  anatomists  for  parts  which 
project  like  a  wing  from  the  median  line ;  as  the 
Al(B  nasi.  Aim  of  the  uterus,  &c.  See  Axilla  and 
Pavilion  of  the  Ear.     Also,  Pterygium. 

Ala  Exteema,  see  Aileron. 

ALABAS'TER,  Alabas'trum.  (F.)  Alhdtre, 
Alahastri'tes.  A  variety  of  compact  gypsum; 
of  which  an  ointment  was  once  made  ; — the  un- 
guen'tum  alahastri' nurn ;  used  as  a  discutient. 
Alabaster  likewise   entered  into   several  denti- 

ALABASTRITES,  Alabaster. 

ALiE  INTERNA  MINORES  CLITORIDIS, 
Nymphse — a.  Majores,  Labia  pudendi— a.  Mino- 
res,  ISTymphse — a.  Muliebres  minores,  Nymphse — 
a.  Nasi,  see  Nasus — a.  Pudendi  Muliebris,  Labia 
pudendi — a.  Pulmonum,  see  Pulmo  —  a.  of  the 
Uterus,  see  Ala — a.  Vespertilionis,  see  Uterus. 

ALAITER,  from  (F.)  lait,  'milk.'    To  suckle. 

ALALIA,  Mutitas. 

ALAMBIC,  Alembic. 

ALANFU'TA.  A  name  given  by  the  Arabians 
to  a  vein,  situate  between  the  chin  and  lower  lip, 
which  they  were  in  the  habit  of  opening  in  cases 
of  foetor  of  the  breath. — Avicenna. 

ALAQUE'CA.  The  Hindoostanee  name  of  a 
stone,  found  in  small,  polished  fragments,  which 
is  considered  efficacious  in  arresting  hemorrhage 
when  applied  externally.  It  is  a  sulphuret  of 
iron. 

ALARES  MUSCULI,  Pterygoid  muscles. 

Ala'res  VeNjE.  The  superficial  veins  at  the 
fold  of  the  arm. 

ALA.'RIA  OSSA,  The  wing-like  processes  of 
the  sphenoid  bone. 

ALA'RIS,  Ala' tits,  Alifoi-m'is;  from  ala,  'a 
vring.'     "Wing-shaped ;  winged. 

ALATERNUS,  COMMON,  Rhamnus  ala- 
tcmus  —  a.  Latifolius,  Rhamnus  alaternus. 

ALA'TUS.  Pterygo'des,  Homo  ala'tus.  One 
whose  scapulfe  project  backwards  like  wings. 

ALBAP'ARAN,  Alduharan.  The  sesamoid 
bc-ne   of   the   metatarso-phalangal  joint   of  the 


great  toe.     The  Rabbis  and  Magicians  attributed 
extraordinary  virtues  to  it. — Arabians. 
ALBAGIAZI,  Sacrum. 
ALBAMENTUM,  Albumen  ovi. 
ALBAN,  SAINT,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
A  French  acidulous  chalybeate,  in  the  department 
of  the  Loire. 

ALBARAS  ALBA,  Lepra  alphoides — a.  Nigra, 
Lepra  nigricans. 
ALBARiES,  Lepra  alphoides. 
ALBAROS,  Lepra  alphoides. 
ALBA  TEE,  Alabaster. 
ALBEDO.  UNGUIUM,  see  NaU. 
ALB  IN  D'<EUF,  Albumen  ovL 
ALBINISM,  see  Albino. 
ALBINISMUS,  see  Albino. 
ALBI'NO      'White.'     Leuea'tMops,    JSthiops 
albus,  Dondo,  from  albus,  'white.'    (F.)  Blafard, 
Negre-blanc.     A  Spanish  word  applied  to  indivi- 
duals of  the  human  race  who  have  the  skin  and 
hair  white ;  the  iris  very  pale,  bordering  on  red ; 
and  the  eyes  so  sensible,  that  they  cannot  bear 
the  light  of  day.    This  condition,  which  has  been 
called  LeuccBthio'pia,  Alpho'ais  JEthiop'ica,  Albi- 
no'is'mus,  Albinia'mus,  Al'binism,  Leucopathi' a,  is 
seen  more  frequently  in  the  Negro.     Both  sexes 
are  exposed  to  it.     It  does  not  seem  to  be  true, 
that  there  are  tribes  of  Albinos  in  the  interior  of 
Africa. 

ALBINOISMUS,  see  Albino. 
ALB  OR  OVI,  Albumen  ovi. 
AL'BORA.     A   kind   of  itch   or  complicated 
leprosy. — Paracelsus. 
ALBOT,  Crucible. 
ALBOTIM,  Terebinthina. 
ALBUGIN'EA,  Tu'nica  alhugin'ea,  A.  Testis, 
Perites'tis,  JDura  mater  testis,  Membra'na  capsula'- 
ris  testis.    (F.)  Albiiginee,  Tunique  albuginee.     A 
strong,  fibrous,  and  resisting  membrane,  which 
immediately  envelopes  the  testicle,  and  has,  at 
its   upper  part,  an   enlargement,  called   corpus 
Highmorianum.     From  its  inner  surface  it  sends 
off  a  number  of  flat,  filiform  prolongations  or 
septa,  between  which  are   contained  the  semi- 
niferous vessels.     Externally  it  is  covered  by  the 
tunica  vaginalis  testis. 

ALBUOINEE,  Albuginea,  Albugineous. 
ALBUGIN'EOUS,  Albugin' etis,  'white,' from 
albus,  (F.)  Albuginee.     A  term  applied  to  tex- 
tures, humours,  &c.,  which  are  perfectly  white. 

Albttgin'eocs  Fibre,  (F.)  Fibre  albuginee.  A 
name  given  by  Chaussier  to  what  he  considers 
one  of  the  four  elementary  fibres. 

The  albugineous  fibre  is  linear,  cylindrical, 
tenacious,  elastic,  but  little  extensible,  and  of  a 
shining,  satiny  appearance.  It  forms  fasciae  or 
fasciculi,  which  constitute  the  tendons,  articular 
ligaments,  and  aponeuroses ;  hence  the  name 
Albugineous  membranes,  given  by  Chaussier  to 
the  fibrous  membranes. 

Gautbier  considered,  that  the  rete  mucosura 
consists  of  four  layers,  to  two  of  which  he  gives 
the  names  membra'na  albugin'ea  profun'da  and 
membra'na  albugin'ea  superji<:ia'lis,  respectively. 
ALBUGINI'TIS,  (F.)  Albuginite.  A  term 
emploj'ed  by  some  authors  for  inflammation  of 
the  albugineous  tissue.  Thus,  gout  and  rheu- 
matism are  regarded  as  species  of  the  genua 
albuginitis. 

ALBUGO  OCULORUM,  Leucoma— a.  Ovi, 
Albumen  ovi. 

ALBULA,  Leucoma. 

ALBUM  CANIS,  Album  grsecuia  — a.  Ceti, 
Cetaeeum. 

Album  Gr^Cfm,  Oynoc'oprus,  Spo'divm  GrcB- 
co'rum,  Album  Oanis,  Stercus  Cani'mim  Album. 
The  white  dung  of  the  dog.    It  consists  almost 


ALBUMEN 


57 


ALCOHOL 


wholly  oi phosphate  of  lim^,  from  the  hones  used 
as  food.  It  was  formerly  applied  as  a  discutient 
to  the  inside  of  the  throat  in  quinsies,  but  is 
now  justly  banished  from  practice. 

Album  Nigrum.  The  excrement  of  the  mouse. 

Album  Oculi,  see  Sclerotic. 

Album  Rhazis.  A  white  ointment  made  of 
cerusse  and  lard,  prescribed  by  the  Arabian  phy- 
sician Rhazes. 

ALBU'ME^N',  Leuco'ma,  Ooni'ne,  Ozemiin,  from 
alius,  'white.'  (F.)  Albumine.  An  immediate 
principle  of  animals  and  vegetables,  which  con- 
stitutes the  chief  part  of  the  white  of  egg.  It  is 
found  in  the  serum,  chyle,  synovia,  serous  fluids, 
<fcc.  There  is  not  much  difference  in  chemical 
composition  between  animal  and  vegetable  albu- 
men, fibrin  and  casein :  fibrin  alone  appears,  how- 
ever, to  be  possessed  of  plastic  properties.  Also, 
the  white  of  the  eye.     See  Sclerotic. 

Albu'men  Ovi,  Alhu'mor,  Alhu'go  Ovi,  Alhor 
Ovi,  Can'didmn  Ovi,  Alhu'men,  Olare'ta,  Ovi 
albus  liquor,  Albumen' turn,  Lac  avis  or  white  of 
egg,  (F.)  Blanc  d'oeuf,  (Old  F.)  Albin  d'oeuf,  is 
used  in  pharmacy  for  suspending  oils,  Ac,  in 
water.     See  Ovum. 

ALBUMINE,  Albumen, 

ALBUMINU'RIA.  A  hybrid  term  from  'Albu- 
men,' and  ovpov,  'the  urine.'  A  condition  of  the 
urine  in  which  it  contains  albumen,  the  presence 
of  which  is  indicated  by  its  coagulation  on  the 
application  of  adequate  heat. 
.  ALBUMINURORRHEE,  Kidney,  Bright's 
disease  of  the. 

ALBUMOR,  Albumen  ovi. 

AL'CAEST,  Al'cahest,  Al'chaest,  perhaps  from 
(G.)  all,  'all,'  and  geist,  'spirit.'  A  word  in- 
vented by  Paracelsus  to  designate  a  liquor,  which, 
according  to  him,  was  capable  of  removing  every 
kind  of  swelling. 

The  same  word  was  used  by  Van  Helmont  for 
a  fancied  universal  solvent,  capable  of  reducing 
every  body  to  its  elements. 

Alcaest  of  Glauber  is  a  thick  liquor  ob- 
tained by  detonating  nitrate  of  potassa  on  hot 
coals,  which  transforms  it  into  subcarbonate  of 
potassa. 

Alcaest  of  Respour  is  a  mixture  of  potassa 
and  oxyd  of  zinc. 

ALCAHEST,  Alcaest 

ALCAHOL,  Alcohol. 

ALCALES'CENCE,  AUcales'cence,  Alcalescen'- 
tia.  The  condition  in  which  a  fluid  becomes 
alkaline. 

Alcalescence  of  the  Humours  was  an  old 
notion  of  the  humourists.  It  can  only  occur 
during  the  putrid  fermentation  of  animal  mat- 
ters, which  contain  azote,  and  produce  ammonia. 
Alcalin'ity  is  the  quality  of  being  alealine. 

AL'CALI  or  Alea'li,  Al'kali,  from  al  [Arab.,) 
'  the,'  and  kali,  the  name  of  the  Salso'la  Soda, 
a  plant  which  contains  a  large  quantity  of  one 
of  the  principal  alkalis — soda.  The  alkalis  are 
substances  soluble  in  water,  possessing  generally 
a  urinous,  acrid,  and  caustic  taste,  turning  the 
gyrup  of  violets  green,  and  restoring  to  blue  in- 
fusion of  litmus,  which  has  been  reddened  by 
acids;  reddening  the  yellow  of  turmeric,  and 
having,  the  greatest  tendency  to  unite  with  acids, 
whose  character  they  modify,  and  form  salts  with 
them.  In  medicine  we  understand  by  this  term 
Potassa,  Soda,  or  Ammonia. 

Alcali,  'Caustic,  Al'kali  Oaus'ticum.  A  pure 
alkali.     Om  deprived  of  its  carbonic  acid. 

Alcalis,  i'*iXED,  Soda  and  potassa;  Volatile 
Alcali,  Ammonia. 

Alcali  Ammoniacum  Acetatum,  Liquor  am- 
monise  acetatis — -a.  Ammoniacum  fluidum.  Liquor 
ammonhje — a^  Fixum  tartaxizatum,  Potassae  tar- 


tras — a.  Minerals  sulphuricum.  Soda,  sulphate 
of — a.  Tartari  aceto  saturatum,  Potassse  acetas — 
a.  Vegetabile  salito  dephlogisticatum,  PotassJB 
murias  hyperoxygenatus — a.  Vegetabile  tartari- 
zatum,  PotassEe  tartras — a.  Vegetabile  vitriola- 
tum,  Potassse  sulphas — a.  Volatile  acetatum.  Li- 
quor ammoniee  acetatis  —  a.  Volatile  aeratum, 
Ammonise  carbonas — a.  Volatile  ex  sale  ammo- 
niaco,  Ammoniije  carbonas. 

ALCALIGENE,  Azote.  , 

ALCALINITY.     See  Alkalescence. 

ALCANA,  Anchusa  officinalis. 

ALCANNA  MAJOR  LATIFOLIA  DENTA- 
TA,  Prinos — a.  Orientalis,  Lawsonia  inermis — a. 
Spuria,  Anchusa  tinctoria — a.  Vera,  Lawsoniai 
inermis. 

ALCEA,  Hibiscus  abelmoschus — a.  ^gyptiaca, 
Hibiscus  abelmoschus — a.  Indica,  Hibiscus  abel- 
moschus. 

Alce'a  Ro'sea,  Common  hollyhock.  Emollient, 
like  Althoea. 

ALCHACHENGE,  Physalis. 

ALCHACHIL,  Rosmarinus. 

ALCHAEST,  Alcahest. 

ALCHEMIL'LA,  said  to  have  been  celebrated 
with  the  Alchemists  [  ?  ]  A.  vidga'ris.  Common 
Ladies'  Mantle,  Pes  Leo'nis,  Leontopo'dium,  (F.) 
Pied  de  Lion.  Formerly  in  great  repute  as  an 
astringent  in  hemorrhage. 

ALCHEMY,  Alchymy. 

ALCHITRAM,  see  Pinus  Sylvestris. 

ALCHITURA,  see  Pinus  Sylvestris. 

ALCHOOL,  Alcohol. 

ALCHORNEA  LATIFOLIA,  see  Aleornoque. 

AL'CHYMY,  Al'chemy,  Alchemi'a,  Alchimi'a, 
Adep'ta  Philosoph'ia,  from  al,  an  Arabic  par- 
ticle, signifying  'superiority,  excellence,'  and 
Ohimia,  '  Chymistry.'  This  word  was  formerly 
synonymous  with  Chymistry;  but,  from  the  7ih 
century,  it  has  been  applied  to  the  mysterious 
art  of  endeavouring  to  discover  a  universal  re- 
medy, and  a  mode  of  transmuting  the  baser  me- 
tals into  gold :  an  operation  to  which  they  gave 
the  name  Opus  magnum,  &tiA.  Philosop)her' s  stone. 

Alchymy  has  also  been  called  Scien'tia  vcl 
Philosoph'ia  Hermet'ica,  from  an  idea  that  Her- 
mes or  Mercury  was  its  inventor. 

Harris  has  well  defined  this  chimerical  art : 
'  Ars  sine  arte,  cuj'us  principium  est  mentiri,  me- 
dium labor  are,  et  finis  mendicare.' 

Al'chymist,  Flatua'rius,  Adept'.  One  pre- 
tending to  alchymy. 

ALCOCALUM,  Cynai-a  scolymus. 

AL'COHOL,  Al'cahol,  Alchool,  Alkol,  Alcol, 
Al'cool,  Al'kool.  An  Arabic  word,  formerly  used 
for  an  impalpable  powder,  and  signifying  '  very 
subtile,  much  divided.'  At  the  present  day  it  is 
applied  to  highly  rectified  spirit  of  wine:  —  see 
Sjiiritus  reetificatus  or  rectified  spirit,  distilled 
from  dried  subcarbonate  of  potassa.  In  the  Ph. 
U.  S.  Alcohol  is  rectified  spirit  of  the  specific 
gravity  0.835, 

Alcohol  is  an  inflammable  liquor,  lighter  than 
water,  of  a  warm,  acrid  taste,  colourless,  trans- 
parent, and  of  a  pungent,  aromatic  smell.  It  is 
the  product  of  the  distillation  of  vinous  liquors ; 
is  miscible  with  water  in  all  proportions,  and  is 
the  direct  solvent  of  resins,  balsams,  <fec.  Various 
other  vegetable  principles  are  soluble  in  it,  an< 
hence  it  is  used,  in  different  states  of  conceutra. 
tion,  in  the  preparation  of  elixirs,  tinctures,  ex. 
sences,  Ac. 

Alcohol  acts  on  the  animal  body  as  a  powerful 
stimulus  :  as  such,  in  a  dilute  form,  it  is  used  in 
the  prevention  and  cure  of  disease.  Its  habitual 
and  inordinate  use  is  the  cause  of  many  serious 
affections,  of  a  chronic  character  especially,  aa 
visceral  obstructions,  dropsy,  &c. 


ALCOHOLIC 


58 


ALGEDON 


Alcohol  ^thereus  Ferkatus,  A.  Sulfurico- 
lethereua  ferri — a.  cum  Aloe  perfoliata,  Tinctura 
aloes — a.  Ammonias  et  guaiaci,  Tinctura  guaiaci 
ammoniata — a.  Ammoniatum,  Spiritus  ammonia 
— a.  Ammoniatum  aromatieum,  Spiritus  ammo- 
nias aromaticus — a.  Ammoniatum  foetidum,  Spi- 
ritus ammonise  foetidus — a.  Amylicum,  Oil,  Fusel 
— a.  cum  Aromatibus  sulphuricatus,  Sulpliuricum 
acidum  aromatieum — a.  cum  Aromatibus  compo- 
gitus,  Tinctura  cinnamomi  eomposita — a.  Casto- 
riatum,  Tinctura  castorei — a.  cum  Crotone  casca- 
rilla,  Tinctura  cascarillaa — a.  Dilutum,  Spiritus 
teuuior — a.  Ferratus,  Tinctura  ferri  muriatis — 
a.  cum  Sulphate  ferri  tartarisatus,  see  Ferrum 
tartarisatum — a.  cum  Guaiaco  oificinale  ammo- 
niatus,  Tinctura  guaiaci  ammoniata  —  a.  lodii, 
Tinctura  lodinse  —  a.  cum  Opio,  Tinctura  opii 
— a.  Sulpburicatum,  Elixir  acidum  Halleri — a. 
Sulpliuricum,  Elixir  acidum  Halleri  —  a.  Sul- 
phuris,  Carbonis  sulphuretum — a.  Vini,  Spiritus 
rectificatus. 

ALCOHOL'IC,  Alcohol' icu8,Spirituo' sua, Sptr'- 
ituoua.     Relating  to  or  containing  alcohol — as 
an  alcoholic  drink  or  remedy. 
ALGOL,  Alcohol. 
ALCOLiE,  Aphthse. 

ALGOOL,  Alcohol — a.  Camphre,  Spii-itus  cam- 
phorse. 

AL  COOL  AT,  Tincture. 

ALCOOLATUM,  Tincture— a.  Antiscorbuti- 
cum,  Tinctura  de  Cochleariis  —  a.  Carminativum 
Sylvii,  Tinctura  de  Cochleariis — a.  de  Groco  com- 
positum,  Tinctura  de  Groco  eomposita. 

ALCOOLISER  (F.)  Formerly,  'to  reduce  into 
an  impalpable  powder.'  No  longer  used. 
ALGOOLOMETER,  Areometer. 
AL OORNOQUE  (P.)  Oortex  Alcornoeo.  The 
bark  of  Alchor'nea  latifo'lia,  of  Jamaica,  which 
has  been  considered  capable  of  curing  phthisis. 
It  is  bitter,  tonic,  and  slightly  astringent.  Dose 
of  the  powder  ^i  to  ^ss. 

AL'CYON,  Hal'cyon.  A  swallow  of  Cochin 
China,  whose  nest  is  gelatinous  and  very  nutri- 
tious. It  has  been  proposed  in  medicine  as  ana- 
leptic and  aphrodisiac. 

ALCYO'NIUM,  Bastard  sponge.     The  ashes 
were  formerly  employed  as  dentrifices :  they  were 
believed  proper  for  favouring  the  growth  of  the 
hair  and  beard,  and  were  used  in  Alopecia. 
ALDABARAN,  Albadaran. 
ALDEHYDE,  see  Anaesthetic. 
ALDER,  AMERICAN,  Alnus   serratula— a. 
Black,  Prinos,  Rhamnus  frangula — a.  European. 
Alnvis  glutinosa. 
ALE,  Gerevisia. 
ALEAGAS,  Glycyrrhiza. 
ALEGOST,  Tanacetum  balsamita, 
ALECTO'RIUS     LAPIS,     Alecto'ria ;     from 
aXcrrtdp,  'a  cock.'    The  name  of  a  stone,  supposed 
to  exist  in  the  stomach  of  the  cock,  or,  according 
to  others,  in  that  of  the   capon,  four  years  old. 
Many  marvellous  properties  were  formerly  attri- 
buted to  it,  which  are  as  groundless  as  its  exist- 
ence.   There  are  no  stones  in  the  stomach,  except 
what  have  been  swallowed. 
ALEGAR,  Acetum. 
ALEHOOF,  Glechoma  hederacea. 
ALEIMMA,  Liniment. 
ALEIPHA,  Liniment. 

ALEIPTE'RIUM,  from  aXa^u,  'I  anoint.' 
The  place  in  the  ancient  gymnasium  where  the 
combatants  anointed  themselves. 

ALEIP'TRON.     Same   etymon.     A  box   for 
containing  ointments. 
ALEMA,  Farina. 

ALEM'BIC  {Arah.)  Moorshead,  Oapitel'lum, 
Capit'ulum,  Am'hicus,  (F.)  Alamhic.  A  utensil 
made  of  glass,  metal,  or  earthen  ware,  adapted 


for  distillation.  A  still.  It  consists  of  a  hody 
or  cucurbit,  (F.)  cucurhite,  chandiere,  to  which  is 
attached  a  head'  or  capital,  (F.)  chapiteaii,  and 
out  of  this  a  beak  descends  laterally  to  be  inserted 
into  the  receiver,  worm,  condenser,  or  refrigera- 
tor, (F.)  serpentin,  refrigerant,  as  the  case  may 
be. 

ALEM'BROTH  (Salt.)  Sal  Alembroth.     The 
alchymists    designated   by   this   name,    and   by 
those  of  Sal  sapien'tics,  Sal  artis,  Sal  vita  and 
S.  Scien'ticB,  the  product  resulting  from  the  sub- 
limation of  a  mixture  of  corrosive  sublimate  and 
sal  ammoniac.    It  is  stimulant,  but  not  employed. 
ALESE,  (F.)  Aleze,  Lin'teum,  from  aXtfu,  'I 
preserve.'     A  guard.     A  cloth  arranged  in  seve- 
ral folds,  and  placed  upon  a  bed,  so  as  to  guard 
it  from  the  lochial  or  other  discharges. 
ALETON,  Farina. 
ALETRIS,  A.  farinosa. 

Al'etris,    a.  Farino'sa,  Stargrass,   Starwort, 
Blazing  star.  Aloe-root,  Bitter  grass.  Black  root. 
Unicorn  root.  Ague  root.  Ague  grass,  Devil's  hit, 
Mealy  starwort,  (F.)  Aletris  Meunier,     Nat.  Ord. 
Asphodeleae.     Sex.  Syst.  Hexandria  Monogynia, 
This  plant  is  an  intense  and  permanent  bitter, 
and  is  used  as  a  tonic  and  stomachic.    It  is  com- 
mon in  the  United  States. 
ALEURON,  Farina. 
ALEUROTESIS,  see  Cribration. 
ALEXANDERS,  Smyrnium  olusatrum. 
ALEXANDRI  ANTIDOTUS  AUREA.     See 
Alexandrine. 

ALEXAN'DRINE,  Emplas'trum  Alexan'dri. 
A  garlic  plaster,  invented  by  Alexander,  contem- 
porary, of  Mesue.  Other  ancient  preparations 
were  called  'Alexandrine;'  as  the  Alexan'dri 
antid'otus  au'rea,  used  in  apoplexy ;  the  Collyr'- 
ium  siccum  Alexandri'num,  or  ' Collyriuni  of  King 
Alexander,'  mentioned  by  Aetius. 

ALEXIGACUM,  Amuletum,  Alexipharmic. 
ALEXIPHAR'MIG,    Alexiphar'macus,    Anti- 
phar'macus,  Alexica'cus,   Caco-alexite' ria,  Lexi- 
phar'macus,  (F.)  Alexipharmaque,  from   aXe^uv, 
'  to  repel,'  and  (papfiaKov,  '  poison.'    A  term  for- 
merly used  for  medicines  which  were  considered 
proper  for  expelling  from  the  body  various  mor- 
bific principles,  or  for  preventing  the  bad  effects 
of  poisons  taken  inwardly. 
ALEXIPYRETICUS,  Febrifuge. 
ALEXIR,  Elixir. 

ALEXITE'RIA,Caca?ea;i«e'ria,  from  oKtlaa^ai, 
'  to  assist.'  Originally,  alexiterium  was  used 
synonymously  with  remedy.  In  more  modern 
times  it  has  been  applied  to  a  class  of  medicines, 
that  counteract  poisons  placed  in  contact  with  the 
exterior  of  the  body,  in  contradistinction  to  alex- 
ipharmic. 

ALEXITERIUM    CHLORICUM,  see  Disin- 
fection—  a.  Nitricum,  see  Disinfection. 
ALEZE,  Alese. 
ALFUSA,  Tutia. 
ALGA  MARINA,  Pila  marina. 
ALGALIE,  Catheter. 

AL'GAROTH,  Al'garot,  Algaro'tU  Pulvis, 
Pulvis  Angel'icus,  Ox'idum  seu  Submu'rias  Stib'ii 
prcBcipitan'do  para'tum,  Antimo'nii  Ox'ydum, 
Ox'idum  antimo'nii  Nitro-muriat'icuni,  Ox'idum 
Stib'ii  Ad'ido  Muriat'ieo  oxygena'to  para'tum, 
Mercu'riua  VitcB,  Ifercu'riua  3Iortis,  Floioers  of 
Antimony,  (F.)  Oxyde  d' Antimoine,  so  called  from 
Victor  Algarothi,  a  Veronese  physician.  The 
sub-muriate  of  protoxide  of  antimony,  separated 
from  the  muriate  of  antimony  by  washing  away 
some  of  its  acid.  It  was  formerly  much  used  as 
an  emetic,  purgative,  and  diaphoretic. 

ALGE'DON,  from  a\yos,  'pain.'  Violent  pain 
about  the  neck  of  the  bladder,  occasionally  oc- 
curring in  gonorrhoea. — Cockburn. 


ALGEMA 


59 


ALKAR 


Algedon,  Pain. 

ALGEMA,  Pain. 

ALGESIS,  Pain. 

ALGETICUS,  see  Algos. 

AL'GIDUS,  from  algor,  'cold.'  That  which 
is  accompanied  by  coldness. 

Al'gida  Febris,  F.  liorrif'ica,  F,  hor'rida,  F. 
quei-'quera,  F.  crymo'des,  Bry'cetus,  Bry'chetiis. 
(F.)  Fievre  algide,  Algid  Fever.  A  pernicious 
intermittent,  accompanied  by  icy  coldness,  which 
is  often  fatal  in  the  second  or  third  paroxysm. 

ALGOR,  Rigor. 

ALGOS,  a\yog,  'pain.'  See  Pain.  Hence, 
Alrjet'icus,  'painful,'  as  Fpilep'sia  alget'ica.  The 
suffix  algia  has  the  same  signification,  —  as  in 
Cephalalgia,  Pleuralgia,  Neuralcjia,  &c. 

ALGOSPAS'MUS,  from  aXyos,  'pain,'  and 
ctTadjioi,  '  spasm.'  Painful  spasm  or  cramp  of 
the  muscles. 

ALHAGI,  Agul. 

ALHANDAL,  see  Cucumis  colocynthis. 

ALHASEF,  Sudamina. 

ALIBILIS,  Nutritious. 

KUIC^,  Hal' ica,  Farina' rium,  Chondrus,  from 
alere,  'to  nourish.'  A  grain  from  which  the  an- 
cients made  their  tisanes  ;  supposed,  by  some,  to 
have  been  the  Triticum  spelta.  At  times,  it 
seems  to  have  meant  the  tisane  itself. 

AL'ICES,  from  a\iC,w,  'I  sprinkle.'  Spots 
which  precede  the  eruption  of  small  pox. 

ALIENATIO,  Anomalia — a.  Mentis,  Insanity. 

ALIENATION,  MENTAL,  Insanity. 

ALIENUS,  Delirious. 

ALIFORMES  MUSCULI,  Pterygoid  muscles. 

ALIFORMIS,  Alaris,  Pterygoid. 

ALIGULUS,  Confection. 

ALIMA,  Aliment. 

ALIMELL^,  Parotid. 

AL'IMENT,  Alimen'tum,  Al'ima,  Harma'lia, 
Nutri'men,  Nu'triens,  Sustentac'idum,  Oiha'rium, 
Broma,  Oomis'te,  Cihiis,  Esca,  Nutri'tus,  Nxitri- 
men'tum,  Sitos,  Tropke.  (F.)  Aliment,  Nourri- 
ture,  from  alere,  'to  nourish.'  Food.  Any  sub- 
stance which,  if  introduced  into  the  system,  is 
capable  of  nourishing  it  and  repairing  its  losses. 

The  study  of  aliments  forms  one  of  the  most 
important  liranches  of  hygiene.  They  are  con- 
fined to  the  organized  kingdom, — the  mineral 
affording  none. 

As  regards  the  immediate  principles  which 
predominate  in  their  composition,  they  have  been 
classed,  but  imperfectly,  as  follows  : — 


TABLE  OP  ALIMENTS. 


C  Wheat,  barley,  oats,  rye,  rice,  In- 

<  dian   corn,  potato,  sago,  peas, 
f      beans,  &c. 
C  Carrot,  salsify,  beet,  turnip,  aspara- 

<  gus,  cabbage,  lettuce,  artichoke, 
(      melon,  &c. 

Sugar,  fig,  date,  raisin,  apricot,  &c. 
(  Orange,  currant,  gooseberry,  cher- 
3  ry,  peach,  strawberry,  raspberry, 
^  mulberry,  prune,  pear,  apple, 
(  sorrel,  &c. 
(  Cocoa,  olive,  sweet  almond,  nut, 

<  walnut,  animal  fat,  oil,  butter, 
(      &c. 

Different  kinds  of  milk,  cheese. 
C  Tendon,  aponeurosis,  true  skin, 

<  cellular    texture;    very  young 
(      animals. 

Brain,  nerve,  eggs,  &c. 
Flesh  and  blood. 

Dr.  Prout  has  four  great  classes — the  aqueovs, 
aa.ccharine,  oleaginous,  and  albuminous  :  —  Dr. 
Pereira  twelve;  —  the  aqueous,  mvcilaginous  or 
gummy,  saccharine,  amylaceous,  ligneous,  pecti- 
naceous,  acidulous,  alcoholic,  oily  or  fatty,  pro- 
teinaceous,  gelatinous,  and  saline. 

Liebig  divides  them  into  two  classes:  —  the 


1.  Feculaceous. 

2.  Mucilaginous, 

3.  Saccharine. 

4.  Acidulous. 

5.  Oleaginous    am 

Fatty. 

6.  Caseous. 

7.  Gelatinous. 

8.  Albuminous. 

9.  Fibrinous. 


NITROGENIZED    Or   PLASTIC   ELEMENTS    OF    MJTHl- 

TiON,  in  which  he  comprises  vegetable  fibrin, 
vegetable  albumen,  vegetable  casein,  flesh  and 
blood ;  and  the  kon-nitrogenized  elements  of 
RESPIRATION,  in  which  he  comprises, /a*,  starch, 
gum,  cane  sugar,  grape  sugar,  sugar  of  milk,  pec- 
tin, bassorin,  wine,  beer  and  sjnrits.  The  former 
alone,  in  his  view,  are  inservient  to  the  nutrition 
of  organized  tissue  :  the  lattpr  are  burnt  in  respi- 
ration, and  furnish  heat. 

The  following  simple  arrangement  is,  perhaps, 
as  little  objectionable  as  any: 

Fibrinous  (Glutinous') 
Albuminous. 


1.  J^itrosreniz^ 


(Albumi 


ized  Aliments,         S 
iinous,  of  Prout.)    ) 

•1 


Caseinous. 
Amvl.iccous. 


2.  J^on-nitrogenized  Aliments,  <  Saccliariue. 
Olea^uous. 

The  second  division  might  be  still  farther  sim- 
plified, inasmuch  as  amjiaceous  aliments  are 
convertible  into  sugar  during  the  digestive  pro- 
cess ;  an*!,  from  both,  oleaginous  matter  may  be 
formed. 

ALIMENTARY  TUBE,  Canal,  alimentary. 

ALIMENTATION,  Alimenta'tio.  The  act  of 
nourishing. 

ALIMENTUM,  Aliment,  Pabulum. 

ALIMOS,  Glycyrrhiza. 

ALINDE'SIS,  from  aXiv^ofxai,  'to  be  turned 
about.'  A  species  of  exercise,  which  consisted 
in  rolling  in  the  dust,  after  having  been  anointed 
with  oil. — Hippocrates. 

ALIP^'NOS,  Alipm'num,  Alipan'tos,  from  a, 
priv.,  and  \iKavuv,  'to  be  fat.'  An  epithet  for- 
merly given  to  every  external  remedy,  devoid  of 
fat  or  moisture  ;  such  as  powders. — Galen. 

ALIPANTOS,  Alipajnos. 

ALIP'TA,  Alip'tes,  from  a.xs(?».  'I  anoints' 
He  who  anointed  the  Athletas  after  bathing. 
The  place  where  this  was  done  was  called  Alip- 
te'rium. 

ALIPTERIUM,  see  AHpta. 

ALIP'TICA,  same  etymon.  The  part  of  an- 
cient medicine,  which  treated  of  inunction,  as  a 
means  of  preserving  health. 

ALISIER  BLANC,  Crataegus  aria. 

ALISMA,  A.  plantago.  Arnica  montana — a. 
Grammifolia,  A.  plantago  —  a.  Lanceola'ta,  A. 
plantago. 

Alis'mA  Planta'go,  Alisma,  A.  lanceola'ta  seu 
graminifo'lia,  Planta'go  aquat'ica,  Water  Plan- 
tain, (F.)  Plantain  d'Eau.  Nat.  Ord.  Alismacese. 
Sex.  Syst.  Hexandria  Polygynia.  TJie  fresh  root 
is  acrid,  and  the  dried  leaves  will  vesicate.  The 
leaves  have  been  proposed  as  substitutes  for  Uva 
Ursi. 

ALITTJRA,  Nutrition. 

AL'KALE,  O'leum  Galli'ncB.  An  ancient  phar- 
maceutical name  for  pullets'  fat. 

ALKALESCENCE,  Alcalescenee. 

ALKALI,  see  Alcali — a.  Ammoniacum  caus- 
ticum,  Ammonia — a.  Ammoniacum  spirituosum, 
Spiritus  ammonise — a.  Minerale  nitratum.  Soda, 
nitrate  of — a.  Minerale  phosphoratum.  Soda, 
phosphate  of — a.  Minerale  salinum.  Soda,  mu- 
riate of — a.  Vegetable,  Potash — a.  Vegetabile  cum 
aceto,  Potassse  acetas — a.  Vegetabile  fixum  caus- 
ticum,  Potassa  fusa — a.  Volatile,  Ammonia — a 
Volatile  causticum.  Ammonia — a.  Volatile,  con- 
crete, Ammonise  carbonas — a.  Volatile  nitratum, 
Ammoniee  nitras — a.  Volatile  tartarizatum,  Am- 
moniae  tartras — a.  Volatile  vitriolatum,  Ammo- 
nise  sulphas. 

ALKANET,  BASTARD,  Lithospermnm  offici- 
nale— a.  Dyer's,  Anchusa  tinctoria — a.  Garden, 
Anchusa  officinalis — a.  Officinal,  Anchusa  offici- 
nalis. 

ALKAR,  Medicament. 


ALKEKENGI 


60 


ALLOTRIOEGGRISIS 


ALKEKENGI,  Physalis. 

ALKER'MES,  Confec'tio  Alker'mes,  Alcher'- 
ttiee.  A  celebrated  electuary,  composed  of  a  mul- 
titude of  substances.  It  was  so  called  from  the 
grains  of  kermes  contained  in  it.  It  was  used 
as  a  stimulant.    Also,  kermes. 

ALKERVA,  see  Ricinr^  communis. 

ALKITRAN,  Cedria.     . 

ALKOL,  Alcohol.  . 

ALKOOL,  Alcohol. 

ALLA,  Cerevisia. 

A  LLAITEMENT,  Lactation. 

ALLAMAN'DA,  A.  Cathar'tiea  sen  grandi- 
flo'ra,  Ore'lia  grandiflo'ra,  Gal'arips,  Echi'nua 
scandens,  Apoc"ynum  scandena.  A  shrub,  native 
of  Guiana,  the  infusion  of  whose  leaves  is  said  by 
Linnasus  to  be  useful  in  Colica  Pictonum. 

ALLANTODES,  Allantois. 

ALLAN'TOIC  ACID,  Ac"idum  allanto'iciim. 
A  peculiar  acid,  found  in  the  liquor  of  the  allan- 
tois of  the  cow. 

ALLANTOIDES,  Allantois. 

ALLAN'TOIS,  AllantoVdes,  Allanto'des,  Mem- 
hra'na  urina'ria,  .M  seu  Tunica  Farcimina'lis, 
M.  Intestina'lis,  the  Allantoid  Vesicle,  from  aWag, 
'  a  sausage,'  and  siSo;,  '  shape.'  A  sort  of  elon- 
gated bladder,  between  the  chorion  and  amnion 
of  the  foetus,  which  is  thrown  out  from  the  caudal 
extremity  of  the  embryo,  and  communicates  with 
the  bladder  by  the  urachus.  It  is  very  apparent 
in  quadrupeds,  but  not  in  the  human  species.  As 
the  allantois  is  developed,  its  walls  become  very 
vascular,  and  contain  the  ramifications  of  what 
become  the  umbilical  artery  and  vein,  which,  by 
the  elongation  of  the  allantois,  are  brought 
through  the  villi  of  the  chorion,  into  indirect 
communication  with  the  vessels  of  the  mother. 

ALLANTOTOX'ICUM,  from  aWag,  'a  sau- 
sage,' and  ToliKov,  'a  poison.'  Sausage  poison 
(G.)  Wurstgift.  The  Germans  have  given  this 
name  to  a  poison  developed  in  sausages  formed 
of  blood  and  liver. 

ALLELUIA,  Oxalis  aeetosella. 

ALLE'VIATOR:  from  ad,  'to,'  and  levare,  'to 
raise.'  A  soother.  An  instrument  for  raising  in- 
valids, invented  by  Mr.  Jenks,  of  Rhode  Island. 
It  consists  of  two  upright  posts,  about  six  feet 
high,  each  supported  by  a  pedestal;  of  two  hori- 
zontal bars  at  the  top,  rather  longer  than  a  com- 
mon bedstead ;  of  a  windlass  of  the  same  length, 
placed  six  inches  below  the  upper  bar ;  of  a  cog- 
wheel and  handle;  of  linen  belts  from  six  to 
twelve  inches  wide;  of  straps  secured  at  one  end 
of  the  windlass ;  and  at  the  other  having  hooks 
attached  to  corresponding  eyes  in  the  linen  belts, 
and  of  a  head-piece  made  of  netting.  The  pa- 
tient lying  on  his  mattress,  the  surgeon  passes 
the  linen  belts  beneath  his  body,  attaching  them 
to  the  hooks  on  the  ends  of  the  straps,  and  ad- 
justing the  whole  at  the  proper  distance  and 
length,  so  as  to  balance  the  body  exactly,  and 
then  raises  it  from  the  mattress  by  turning  the 
handle  of  the  windlass.  To  lower  the  patient 
a?;ain,  and  replace  him  on  the  mattress,  the  wind- 
lass must  be  reversed. 

ALLGOOD,  Chenopodium  bonus  Henricus. 
ALLHEAL,  Heracleura  spondylium. 
ALLIA'CEOUS,  aUia'eeus,  from  allium,  'gar- 
lic'    ±5elonging  tc  garlic,  as  alliaceous  odour. 
ALLIAIRE,  Alliaria. 

ALLIA'RIA,  from  allium,  its  smell  resembling 
parlic.  A.  cjficina'lis,  Eri/s'imum  allia'ria  seu 
co^difo'Uum,  Sisymbrium  allia'ria,  JacJc-in-the- 
hedqe,  stinking  hedge  Mun-.ard,  Hedge  Garlic, 
Sauce-alone,  Hes' peris  allia'ria,  (P.)  Alliaire. 
This  plant  has  been  sometimes  given  in  humid 
*  PBtbvna  and  dyspnoea.  It  is  reputed  to  be  dia- 
phoretic, diuretic,  and  antiscorbutic. 


The  Parisian  Codex  has  a  compound  syrup  of 
alliaria,  Sirop  d'erysimum  compose,  which  is  used 
in  hoarseness. 

ALLIGATURA,  Fascia,  Ligature. 

ALLIOTIGUS,  Alterative. 

AL'LIUM,  from  oleo,  '  I  smell.'  A.  aati'vnm, 
Theriaca  rustico'rum,  Ampelop'rasum,  Scor'odon, 
Scordon,  Garlic,  (F.)  Ail.  JVat.  Ord.  Aspho- 
delese.  Sex.  Syst.  Hexandria  Monogynia.  A 
native  of  Sicily,  but  cultivated  for  use.  The 
hulhs  or  cloves,  Ag'liihes,  have  a  strong,  offensive, 
and  penetrating  odour,  and  a  sweetish,  biting, 
and  caustic  taste.  Internally,  garlic  is  stimulant, 
diuretic,  expectorant,  emmenagogue  (?),  diapho- 
retic, and  anthelmintic.  Externally,  it  is  rube- 
facient, maturative,  and  repellent. 

Dose,  one  to  six  cloves,  swallowed  whole,  or 
from  f  ^ss  to  f  ^ij-  of  the  juice. 

Taylor's  Remedy  for  Deafness,  a  nostrum,  ap- 
pears to  consist  of  garlic,  infused  in  oil  of  al- 
monds, and  coloured  by  alkanet  root. 

Allium  Ascalonicum,  Echalotte. 

Al'liuh  Cepa,  Oepa  vulga'ris.  Common  Onion, 
Cepid'la,  Orom'myon,  (F.)  Oignon.  Acrid  and 
stimulating,  and  possessing  very  little  nutriment. 
Onions  have  been  used  as  stimulants,  diuretics, 
and  anthelmintics.  The  boiled  or  roasted  onion, 
as  a  cataplasm,  is  emollient  and  maturating. 
The  fresh  root  is  rubefacient.  The  expressed 
juice  is  sometimes  used  in  otalgia  and  in  rheu- 
matism. 

Allitjm  Gallicum,  Portulaca. — a.  Plantagi- 
neum,  A.  Victoriale. 

Al'lium  Pokrum,  Porrum,  P.  sati'vum,  Pro- 
sum,  the  Leek  or  Porret /  (F.)  Poireau,  Porreav., 
It  possesses  the  same  property  as  the  onion. 

The  virtues  of  the  genus  Allium  depend  upon 
an  acrid  principle,  soluble  in  water,  alcohol,  acids, 
and  alkalies. 

Allium  Redolens,  Teucrium  scordium. 

Al'lium  Victoria'le,  A.  plantagin'eum,  Cepa 
victoria'lis,  Victoria'lis  longa.  The  root,  which, 
when  dried,  loses  its  alliaceous  smell  and  taste, 
is  said  to  be  efi5cacious  in  allaying  the  abdominal 
spasms  of  pregnant  women  (?) 

ALLOCHET'IA,  Allotriochet'ia,  from  aWo;, 
'  another,'  and  %£?£(»',  '  to  go  to  stool.'  The  dis- 
charge of  extraneous  matters  from  the  bowels. 
The  discharge  of  fseces  by  an  abnormous  opening. 

ALLOCHOOS,  Delirious. 

ALLOCHROMA'SIA,  from  aXXoj,  'another,' 
and  xpuina,  '  colour.'    A  change  of  colour. 

ALLCBOPATHIA,  AUopathy. 

ALLCEOPATHIC,  Allopathic. 

ALLCEOSIS,  Alteration. 

ALLCEOTICUS,  Alterative. 

ALLOIOSIS,  Alteration. 

ALLOIOTICUS,  Alterative. 

ALLONGEMENT,  Elongation. 

ALLOPATH,  AUopathist. 

ALLOPATHES,  Allopathic. 

ALLOPATH'IC,  Allopath' icus,  Allceopath'ie, 
Allceopath'icus,  Allop'athes,  Heteropath'ic,  from 
aXXos,  'another,'  and  vados,  'affection.'  Relating 
to  the  ordinary  method  of  medical  practice,  in 
contradistinction  to  the  homoeopathic. 

ALLOP'ATHIST,  Al'lopath,  same  etymon. 
One  who  follows  allopathy. 

ALLOP'ATHY,  Allopathi'a,  Alloeopathia,  Uy- 
penantio'sis,  Hypenantio'ma,  Cura'tio  contrario'- 
rum  per  contra' ria,  same  etymon.  The  opposite 
to  homoeopathy.    The  ordinary  medical  practice. 

ALLOPHASIS,  Delirium. 

ALLOTRIOCHETIA,  Allochetia. 

ALLOTRIODON'TIA,  from  aXXorpioj,  'fo- 
reign,' and  o&ov;,  '  a  tooth.'  Transplantation  of 
teeth. 

ALLOTRIOEC'CRISIS,  from  aXXorp.oy,  'fo. 


ALLOTRIOGEUSTIA 


61 


ALTERATION 


reign,'  and  tKKoiaig,'  'separation.'  The  separa- 
tion of  extraneous  matters  from  the  hody  in  dis- 
ease. 

ALLOTRIOGEUSTIA,  Parageustia. 

ALLOTRIOPHAGIA,  Malacia. 

ALLOTRIOTEX'IS,  from  aWoTfios,  'foreign/ 
and  T£^K,  'parturition.'  The  bringing  forth  of 
an  abnormous  foetus. 

ALLOTRIU'RIA,  from  aWorpto;,  'foreign,' 
and  ovpovf  'urine.'  Admixture  of  foreign  mat- 
ters with  the  urine. 

AL'LOTROPISM;  from  aWo;,  'another,'  and 
rpoTTOf,  '  a  turn  or  change.'  A  term  recently  in- 
troduced into  chemistry;  the  object  of  which  is 
to  express  the  property  possessed  by  certain 
simple  bodies,  of  assuming  different  qualities  on 
being  subjected  to  certain  modes  of  treatment. 
Carbon,  for  example,  furnishes  three  forms  — 
plumbago,  charcoal,  and  diamond. 

ALLSPICE,  see  Myrtus  pimenta — a.  Bftsh, 
Laurus  Benzoin — a.  Carolina,  Calycanthus  —  a. 
Wild,  Laurus  Benzoin. 

ALLUCINATIO,  Hallucination. 

ALLURE,  Influenza. 

ALMA,  Water. 

ALMARIAB,  see  Plumbi  oxydum  semivitreum. 

ALMEZERION,  Cneorum  tricoccum. 

ALMOND,  Amygdala. 

Almond  Bloom.  A  liquid  cosmetic,  formed 
of  Brazil  dust  ^j,  water  Oiij ;  boil  and  strain ; 
and  add  isinglass  ^vj,  grana  si/Ivestria  ^ij,  or 
cochineal  ^ij,  alum  ^j,  borax  ^i'j  '>  boil  again, 
and  strain  through  a  fine  cloth. 

Almond  Cake,  see  Amygdala — a.  of  the  Ear, 
Tonsil — a.  Earth,  Arachis  hypogsea — a.  Paste, 
see  Amygdala — a.  Powder,  see  Amygdala — a.  of 
the  Throat,  Tonsil. 

ALNUS,  A.  glutinosa — a.  Communis,  A.  gluti- 
nosa. 

ALNUS  GLUTINO'SA,  Alnus,  A  commu'nia, 
Bet'ida  glutino'sa  seu  emargina'ta,  Europe'an  Al- 
der. A  tree  which  grows  in  Europe,  in  moist 
places.  The  bark  and  leaves  are  astringent  and 
bitter ;  and  hence  are  employed  in  intermittents, 
and  as  a  tonic  and  astringent. 

Alnus  Serrat'ula,  American  Alder,  has  simi- 
lar properties. 

Alnus  Nigra,  Rhamnus  frangula. 

ALOCHI'A,  from  a,  privative,  and  Xo'xtia,  'lo- 
chia.'    Absence  of  the  lochial  discharge. 

ALOEDA'RIUM.  A  compound  medicine, 
containing  aloes. — Gorrseus. 

ALOE,  Aloes. 

ALOE  ROOT,  Aletris  farinosa. 

AL'OES,  Al'oe,  Pel  Natxi'rcE.  The  inspissated 
juice  of  the  Aloe.  Nat.  Ord.  Asphodeleae.  Sex. 
Syst.  Hexandria  Monogynia. 

Aloes  Barbadensis,  A.  hepatiea — a.  Bombay, 
A,  hepatiea — a.  des  Barhades,  A.  hepatiea. 

Aloes  Cabalu'na,  A.  Gninien'sis,  Horse- 
aloes.  Used  chiefly  for  horses.  It  is  collected 
in  Spain  and  Porti'^al,  and  is  very  coarse. 

Aloes  en  Calebasses,  A.  hepatiea. 

Aloes,  Cape,  Shining  Aloes;  a  cheap  and  ex- 
cellent form  of  aloes,  collected  at  the  Cape  of 
Good  Hope,  from  Aloe  ferox,  A,  A/ricana,  A. 
epicata,  and  other  species. 

Aloes,  East  India,  A.  Succotorina — a.  Guini- 
easis,  A.  Caballina. 

Aloes  Hepat'ica,  A.  vulga'ris,  A.  Barhaden'- 
S)>,  Uejiat'ic  aloes,  Bomlay  aloes,  Barha'does 
aloes,  A.  vxdga'ris  exti-ac'tum,  (P.)  Aloes  en  cale- 
basses, A.  des  Barhades.  This  species  has  a  very 
disagreeable  odour,  and  an  intensely  bitter  and 
nauseous  taste.     Properties  the  same  as  the  last. 

Aloes,  Horse,  A.  Caballina — a.  Lucida,  A. 
Succotorina  —  a.  Socotrine,  A.  Succotorina — a. 
Spicata  extraetum,  A.  Succotorina* 


Aloes  Succotori'na,  Soc'otrine  aloes,  Turkey 
aloes.  East  India  aloes.  Aloes  lu'cida,  A.  Zoctori'- 
nia,  A.  spica'tcB  extrac' turn,  An'ima  Aloes,  is  the 
best  species.  Its  odour  is  not  unpleasant;  taste 
very  bitter,  and  slightly  aromatic;  colour  red- 
dish-brown, with  a  shade  of  purple  ;  mass  hard, 
friable ;  fracture  conchoidal  and  glossy ;  soluble 
in  dilute  alcohol.  Powder  of  a  bright  cinnamon- 
yellow  colour.  It  is  cathartic,  warm,  and  stimu- 
lating; emmenagogue,  anthelmintic,  and  stoma- 
chic. As  a  cathartic,  it  affects  the  rectum  chiefly. 
Bose,  as  a  cathartic,  gr.  v.  to  ^j.  in  pill. 

Aloes,  Turkey,  A.  Succotorina — a.  Vulgaris, 
A.  hepaticus. — a.  Wood,  Agallochum — a.  Zocto- 
rinia,  A._  Succotorina. 

ALOET'IC,  Aloet'icus.  A  preparation  which 
contains  aloes. 

ALOEXYLON,  Agallochum. 
ALOGOTROPH'IA,  from  aXoyo;,  'dispropor- 
tionate,''and  Tpo0)7,  'nutrition.'  Irregular  nutri- 
tion. Used  particularly  to  designate  the  irregu- 
lar manner  in  which  the  nutrition  of  bones  ia 
effected  in  rickety  individuals. 
ALOPECES,  Psoffi, 

ALOPE'CIA,  from  aXoin?!, 'a  fox;'  (this  ani- 
mal being  said  to  be  subject  to  the  affection.) 
Capillo'rum  deflu'vium,  Athrix  depi'lis,  Phalac- 
ro'iis,  Depila'tio,  Tricho'sis  Athrix,  Oangrce'na 
Alope'cia,  Atrich'ia,  Beflu'viiim  seu  Lapsus  Pilo'- 
rum,  Lip)Sotrich'ia,  Vulpis  morbus.  Baldness. 
Falling  off  of  the  hair;  loss  of  the  hair.  When 
this  is  confined  to  the  crown  of  the  head,  it  is 
called  calvitiea,  although  the  terms  are  often  used 
synonymously. 

Alopecia  Areata,  Porrigo  decalvans — a.  Cir- 
cumscripta, Porrigo  decalvans — a  Partialis,  Por- 
rigo decalvans. 

ALOUCHE,  CratEegus  aria. 
ALOUCH'I.     The  name  of  a  gum  procured 
from  the  canella  alba  tree. 

ALOUCHIER,  Crataegus  aria, 
ALPAM.  A  shrub  which  grows  on  the  coast 
of  Malabar.  Certain  parts  of  this,  infused  in  oil, 
form  an  antipsoric  ointment.  The  juice  of  the 
leaves,  mixed  with  that  of  calamus,  is  employed 
against  the  bites  of  serpents. 

ALPHENIC,  Saccharum  candidum. 
ALPHITEDON,  see  Fracture. 
ALPH'ITON,  aX(piTov,  Polen'ta,  Fari'na.    Any 
kind  of  meal.     Toasted  barley-meal. — Hippocra- 
tes.    Polenta  means  also  a  food  composed  of  In- 
dian meal,  cheese,  &c.     See  Farina. 

ALPHON'SIN,  Alphon'simim.    A  kind  of  bul- 
let forceps,  similar  to  a  Porte-crayon,  so  called 
from  the  inventor,  Alphonso  Ferri,  of  Naples. — 
Scultetus. 
ALPHOS,  Lepra  alphoides, 
ALPHOSIS  iETHIOPICA,  see  Albino. 
ALPINIA  CARDAMOMUM,  Amomum  car- 
damomum — a.  Galanga,  Maranta  galanga. 
ALPISTE,  Phalaris  Canadiensis. 
ALSANDERS,  Smyrnium  olusatrum. 
ALSI'NE  ME'DIA,  A.  avicnla'rum  seu  vulga'- 
ris, from  a\<To;,  '  a  grove,'  because  growing  abun- 
dantly in  the  woods.     Morsus  Galli'nce,  Holos'- 
teiim  Alsi'ne,  Stella'ria  me'dia.  Mouse-ear,  Ohick- 
weed,  (F.)  3[ouron  des  Oiseaux,  3Iorgoline.    This 
plant,  if  boiled  tender,  may  be  eaten  like  spinach, 
and  forms  an  excellent  emollient  poultice.     It 
was  formerly  regarded  as  a  vulnerary  and  deter- 
gent. 

ALTAFOR,  Camphor. 
ALTER  SEXUS,  Sex,  femaie. 
ALTERANS,  Alterative. 
ALTERANT,  Alterative. 
ALTERA'TION,  Altera' tio,  from  alter,  'other, 
Alloio'sis,  Alloco'sia.   This  word  i?  >jsed  in  France 


ALTERATIVE 


62 


ALVEOLUS 


to  express  a  morbid  change  which  supervenes  in 
the  expression  of  the  countenance  (alteration  de 
la  face,)  or  in  the  structure  of  an  organ  (altera- 
tion organique,)  or  in  the  nature  of  fluids  excreted 
(alteration  de  I'urine,  des  larnies,  du  lait,  &c.) 

Alteration  is  also  used  in  an  entirely  different 
sense,  to  express  intense  thirst  in  disease.  In 
this  case  its  etymology  is  different.  It  comes 
from  halcter,  and  was  formerly  written  haliter- 
ation. 

AL'TEEATIVE,  Al'terans,  Allotot'icus,  Allae- 
ot'ieus,  AlLot'icHS,  Immu'tans,  An  agent  con- 
sidered to  be  capable  of  producing  a  salutary 
change  in  a  uisease,  but  without  exciting  any 
sensible  evacuation.  As  medicine  improves,  this 
uncertain  class  of  remedies  becomes,  of  necessity, 
diminished  in  number.     See  Eutrophie. 

(F.)  Alterant.  The  French  term  likewise 
means,  that  which  causes  thirst,  —  Siticulo'sns, 
Dipset'icus,  as  alterer  means  both  to  change,  and 
to  cause  thirst.  S'alterer  is  to  experience  a 
change  for  the  worse, — corrum'jn.) 

ALTERCANGENON',  Hyoscyamus. 

ALTERCUM,  Hyoscyamus. 

ALTH^'A,  from  a'K^uv,  'to  heal;'  A.  officina'- 
lis,  Malvavis'cum,  Aristalthce' a,  Hibis'cus,  Ihis'- 
chus,  Ibis'cha  mismal'va,  Bismal'va,  Marsh  mal- 
low. (¥.)  Grinmaiive.  Nat.  Ord.  Malvaoess.  Sex. 
Si/st.  Monadelphia  Polyandria.  The  leaves, 
Althcs'cB  fo'lia,  and  root,  Althm'a  radix,  contain 
much  mucilage.  They  are  emollient  and  demul- 
cent, and  are  employed  wherever  medicines,  pos- 
sessing such  properties,  are  required.  In  the  Ph. 
U.  S.,  Althasa  is  the  root  of  Althsea  officinalis. 

ALTHANAIHA,  Orpiment 

ALTHEUS,  Physician. 

ALTHEXIS,  Curation. 

ALTHOS,  Medicament. 

ALTILIBAT,  Terebinthina. 

ALU'DEL,  Alu'tel,  Vitricm  sublimato' riiim.  A 
hollow  sphere  of  stone,  glass,  or  earthen  ware,  with 
a  short  neck  projecting  at  each  end,  by  means  of 
which  one  glass  might  be  set  upon  the  other. 
The  uppermost  had  no  aperture  at  the  top.  '  Alu- 
dels  were  formerly  used  in  the  sublimation  of 
various  substances. 

A'LULA;  diminutive  of  a?a, 'a  wing.'  A  little 
wing. 

ALUM,  Symphytum — a.  Cataplasm,  Coagulum 
aluminosum — a.  Egyptian,  iEgyptia  stypteria. 

Alum,  Roche,  Alu'men  de  liochi,  (P.)  Alun  de 
Roche.  So  called  from  Roccha  in  Syria,  where 
there  was  a  manufactory  of  it.  It  is  in  pieces  of 
the  size  of  an  almond,  covered  with  a  reddish 
efflorescence. 

Common  Roche  Alum,  A.  Rochi  Gallis.  Frag- 
ments of  common  alum,  moistened  and  shaken 
with  prepared  bole.     It  is  white  when  broken. 

Alum,  Solution  of.  Compound,  Liq.  aluminis 
compos. 

Alum  Root,  Geranium  maculatum,  Heuchera 
cortusa. 

ALU'MEN,  (an  Arabic  term,  alum,)  Alum, 
Hypersul'phas  alu'mincB  et  Potas'scB,  Potas'sce 
alu'mino-sidphas,  Sul'phas  Alumince  Acid'ulus 
cum  Potas'ad,  Sulphas  Alu'mina,  Sul'2)has  KaV- 
ico-alumin'icum,  Sulphas  alumina'ris,  Supcrsul' - 
phas  alu'imncB  et  potas'sce,  Argil'la  sulphu'rica 
alcalisa'ta,  A.  vitriola'ta,  Stypte'ria,  Supersul'- 
phaa  Argil'lm  alealisa' turn,  Argilla  Kalisulphu- 
rica.     (F.)  Alun. 

Alumen  Catinum,  Potash  of  commerce  —  a. 
i'ixum,  see  Potash  —  a.  Kinosatum,  Pulvis  sul- 
phatis  aluminas  compositus. 

Alu'men  Commu'ne,  Common  alum,  English 
alum,  Rock  alum,  Alumen  facti" tium,  A.  crystal' - 
linum,  A.  ru'peum,  (F.)  Alun  d'Angleterre,  is  the 
variety  usually  employed.    It  is  in  octahedral 


crystals,  but  generally  in  large,  white,  semitrans- 
parent  masses ;  has  a  sweetish,  styptic  taste ; 
effloresces  in  the  air,  and  is  soluble  in  16  part^  of 
water  at  60°.  It  is  tonic  and  astringent,  and  as 
such  is  used  internally  and  externally.  Dose,  gr. 
V.  to  XV. 

Alu'men  Exsicca'tum,  Alu'men  ustum,  A.  cal- 
cina'tum,  Sulphas  alu'mina  fusus,  Argil'la  sul- 
phu'rica usta,  Burnt  alum,  dried  alum.  (F.)  Alun 
calcini,  (Alum  melted  in  an  earthen  vessel  until 
ebullition  ceases.)     Escharotic. 

Alu'men  Roma'num,  Roman  alum,  A.  Ru'ti- 
lum,  A.  Rubru7n.  (F.)  Alun  de  Rome.  In  crys- 
tals, which  are  of  a  pale  red  when  broken,  and 
covered  with  a  reddish  efflorescence. 

ALUMINA,  ACETATE  OF,  Aluminse  Acetas 
—  a.  Depurata,  Argilla  pura  —  a.  Pura,  Argilla 
pura — a.  Sulphate  of,  Aluminse  Sulphas. 

ALU'MIN^  ACE'TAS,  Argil'la  Ace'tas,Ac"e- 
tate  of  Alu'mina.  A  deliquescent  salt,  obtained 
by  the  addition  of  acetate  of  lead  to  sulphate  of 
alumina  and  potassa.  It  possesses  the  same  pro- 
perties as  the  sulphate  of  alumina. 

Alu'minje  et  Potass^  Htpersulphas,  Alu- 
men —  a.  et  Potassse  supersulphas,  Alumen  —  a. 
Sulphas,  Alumen. 

Alu'jiin^  Sulphas,  ArgillcB  Sidphas,  Sulphate 
of  Alu'mina.  Simple  sulphate  of  alumina  may 
be  made  by  the  direct  combination  of  alumino 
and  sulpihuric  acid,  and  contains  30  per  cent,  of 
the  former,  to  70  per  cent,  of  the  latter.  It  is 
a  deliquescent  salt;  and  is  an  excellent  antisep- 
tic and  detergent  to  ulcers.  It  is  chiefly  used  to 
preserve  dead  bodies  —  a  strong  solution  being 
injected  into  the  arteries. 

Alumina  Sulphas  Acidulus  cum  Potassa, 
Alumen — a.  Sulphas  fusus,  Alumen  exsiccatum. 

ALUMINE  FACT  ICE,  Argilla  pura. 

ALUN,  Alumen. 

ALUNSEL,  Gutta. 

ALUS,  Symphytum. 

ALUSIA,  Hallucination — a.  Hypochondriasis 
Hypochondriasis. 

ALUTEL,  Aludel. 

ALVAQUILLA,  Psoralea  glandulosa. 

ALVARAS  NIGRA,  Ichthyosis. 

ALVEARIUM,  Auditory  canal,  external. 

ALVE'OLAR,  Alveola'ris,  from  alveus,  *a  ca- 
vity.' (F.)  Alveolaire.  That  which  relates  to 
the  alveoli. 

Alve'olar  Arches,  (F.)  Arcades  alveolalres, 
are  formed  by  the  margins  or  borders  of  the  two 
jaws,  which  are  hollowed  by  the  Alveoli. 

Alve'olar  Artery,  Stipi-a-maxillary  A.,  Ar- 
tere  sus-maxillaire  of  Chaussier,  arises  from  the 
internal  maxillary,  descends  behind  the  tuberos- 
ity of  the  upper  jaw,  and  gives  branches  to  the 
upper  molar  teeth,  gums,  periosteum,  membrane 
of  the  maxillary  sinus,  and  buccinator  muscle. 

Alveolar  Border,  Limbus  alveola'ris.  The 
part  of  the  jaws,  that  is  hollowed  by  the  alveoli. 

Alve'olar  Membranes  are  very  fine  mem- 
branes, situate  between  the  teeth  and  alveoli,  and 
formed  by  a  portion  of  the  sac  or  follicle  which 
enclosed  the  tooth  before  it  pierced  the  gum.  By 
some  this  membrane  has  been  called  the  alveolo- 
dental  periosteum. 

Alve'olar  Vein.  This  has  a  similar  distri- 
bution with  the  artery. 

ALVEOLE,  Alveolus. 

ALVEOLI  DENTIS,  see  Alveolus. 

ALVEOLO-LABIAL,  Buccinator. 

ALVE'OLUS,  same  etymon.  Bo'trion,  Bo'- 
thrion,  Odontoboth'rium,  Odontophat'ne,  Frena, 
Mortariolum,  Hol'micos,  Prcesepiohtm,  Phatne, 
Phat' nion,  Prasepium,  Patne,  Pathne.  (F.)  Al- 
viole.     The  alveoli  are  the  sockets  of  the  teeth, 


ALVEUS 


63 


ASJBOiT 


Alve'oli  dentis,  M<x'nia  seu  Oaver'ncB  den'tium, 
into  wliieli  they  are,  as  it  were,  driven.  Their 
size  and  shape  are  determined  by  the  teeth  which 
they  receive,  and  they  are  pierced  at  the  apex  by 
small  holes,  which  give  passage  to  the  dental 
vessels  and  nerves. 

ALVEUS,  Auge  —  a.  Ampullosus,  Receptacu- 
lum  chyli  —  a.  AmpuUeseens,  Thoracic  duct  —  a. 
Communis:  see  Semicircular  canals — a.  Utricu- 
losus  :  see  Semicircular  canals. 

ALVI  EXCRETIO,  Defecation  — a.  Fluxus 
aquosus.  Diarrhoea  —  a.  Laxitas,  Diarrhoea — a. 
Profluvium,  Diarrhoea. 

ALVIDUCUS,  Laxative. 

ALVINE,  Alvi'niis,  from  alvus,  'the  abdomen.' 
That  which  relates  to  the  lower  belly,  as  alvine 
dejerAxons,  alvine  flux,  alvine  obstructions,  &c. 

ALVUM  EVACUANS,  Cathartic. 

ALVUS,  Abdomen,  Uterus — a.  Adstricta,  Con- 
stipation— a.  Cita,  Diarrhoea — a.  Dura,  Constipa- 
tio — a.  Renum,  Pelvis  of  the  kidney — a.  Tarda, 
Constipation — a.  Viridis,  Dejection. 

ALYCE,  Anxiety. 

AL'YPON,  from  a,  priv.,  and  Auttv,  'pain.'  An 
acrid,  purging  plant,  described  by  Matthiolus. 
By  some  it  has  been  supposed  to  be  the  Glohula'- 
ria  ali/pum  of  botanists. 

ALYSIS,  Anxiety. 

ALYSMUS,  Anxiety. 

ALYSSUM  PLINII,  Galium  Mollugo. 

ALYSSUS,  Antihydrophobic. 

AL'ZILAT.  In  some  of  the  Arabian  writers, 
a  weight  of  three  grains. — Ruland  and  Johnson. 

AMABILB,  Lacuna  Labii  Superioris. 

AMADOU,  Boletus  igniarius. 

AMADOUVIER,  Boletus  igniarius. 

AMAIGRISSEMENT,  Emaciation. 

AMANBES,  see  Amygdala. 

AMANI'T^,  from  a,  privative,  and  ptavia, 
'madness  :'  i.  e.  'not  poisonous.'  A  name  given, 
by  the  Greeks  and  Romans,  to  the  edible  cham- 
pignons. Amanita  forms,  at  the  present  day,  a 
genus,  some  of  which  are  edible,  others  poison- 
ous. Amongst  others,  it  contains  the  Agaricua 
aurantiacus  and  A.  pseudo-anrantiacus. 

AMARA  DULCIS,  Solanum  dulcamara. 

AMARACI'NUM.  An  ancient  and  esteemed 
plaster,  containing  several  aromatics,  the  marjo- 
ram, a^apaKog,  in  particular. 

AMARACUS,  Origanum  majorana — a.  Tomen- 
tosus.  Origanum  dictamnug. 

AMARITIES,  Bitterness. 

AMARITUDO,  Bitterness. 

AMAROR,  Bitterness. 

AMARUCACHU,  Polyanthes  tuberosa. 

AMA'RUS,  Picros,  'bitter.'  (F.)  Amkr.  The 
bitter  principle  of  vegetables  is  the  great  natural 
tonic,  and  hence  hitters,  as  they  are  termed  col- 
lectively, belong  to  the  class  of  tonics.  Several 
are  used  in  medicine ;  the  chief  are,  gentian, 
quassia,  cinchona,  calumba,  dog-wood,  &e. 

AMASE'SIS,  Amasse'sis,  from  a,  privative,  and 
fiaanais,  'mastication.'  Mastication  when  im- 
peded or  impracticable. 

AMATORIUM,  Lacuna  labii  superioris. 

AMATORII,  Oblique  muscles  of  the  eye. 

AMATORIUM  VENEFICIUM,  Philter. 
_  AMATORIUS   MUSCULUS,  Obliquus  supe- 
rior oculi. 

AMAURO'SIS,  Obfusca'tio,  Offusca'tio,  from 
auav^o;,  'obscure.'  Drop  serene,  Gutta  sere'na, 
Oatarao'ta  nigra,  Paropsis  amauro'ais,  ImmobiV- 
itas  pupil'lcB,  Suffu'sio  nigra,  Blaclc  cat'aract. 
(F.)  Goutte-sereine,  Cataracte  noire,  Anopticoner- 
cie  (Piorry.)  Diminution,  or  complete  loss  of 
sight,  without  any  perceptible  alteration  in  the 
organization  of  the  eye,-  generally,  perhaps, 
owing  to  loss  of  power  of  the  optic  nerve  or  re- 


tina. Counter-irritants  are  the  most  successful 
remedial  agents,  although  the  disease  is  always 
very  difficult  of  removal,  and  generally  totally 
incurable. 

AMAtTKOSis  DiMiDiATA,  Hemiopia — a.  Imper- 
fecta, Hypo-amaurosis. 

AMAUROT'IC,  Amaurot'icus ;  same  etymon. 
Affected  with  amaurosis. 

Amaurotic  Cat's  Eye,  Galeamauro'sis.  A 
name  given  by  Beer  to  an  amaurotic  affection, 
accompanied  by  a  remarkable  change  of  colour 
in  the  pupil,  which  presents,  apparently  in  tlio 
fundus  of  the  eye,  a  lighter  tint,  yellowish  or 
brownish  yellow,  instead  of  its  natural  clear 
black. 

AMA'ZIA,  from  a,  privative,  and  fjia^o;,  'breast.' 
A  monstrosity,  in  which  there  is  absence  of  one 
or  both  breasts. 

AMBARUM,  Ambergris — a.  Cineritium,  Am- 
bergris. __ 

AMBE,  from  an^aivo),  'I  ascend;'  Ambi.  A 
.superficial  eminence  on  a  bone.  Also,  an  old 
surgical  machine  for  reducing  dislocations  of  the 
shoulder ;  the  invention  of  which  is  ascribed  to 
Hippocrates.  It  is  no  longer  used.  —  Hippo- 
crates, Seultetus.     See  Crista. 

AMBER,  Succinum  —  a.  Liquid:  see  Liquid- 
amber  styraciflua. 

AM'BERGRIS,  Ambra  gri'sea,  Ambor,  Am- 
bar,  Ambra  cinera'cea,  A.  ambrosiaca,  Ambarum, 
Suc'cinum  cine'reum,  S.  gri'seiim,  Am'harvm  cine- 
ri"tiitm.  A  concrete  substance,  of  the  consis- 
tence of  wax,  cineritious  colour,  studded  with 
yellow  and  blackish  spots,  and  exhaling  a  very 
pleasant  odour.  It  seems  highly  probable  that 
ambergris  is  formed  in  the  intestines  of  the 
whale,  and  voided  with  its  excrements.  Like  ali 
aromatic  substances,  ambergris  is  slightly  anti- 
spasmodic and  excitant,*  but  it  is  oftener  em- 
ployed as  a  perfume  than  as  a  medicine. 

AMBIA.  a  liquid,  yellow  bitumen,  the  smell 
and  virtues  of  which  are  similar  to  those  of  the 
resin  taeamahaca.  It  is  obtained  from  a  spring 
in  India. 

AMBICUS,  Alembic. 

AMBIDEX'TER,  Amphidex'ius,  from  amho, 
'both,'  and  dexter,  'right.'  One  who  uses  both 
hands  with  equal  facility.  Celsus  says  the  sur- 
geon ought  to  be  'non  minus  sinistra  quam  dex- 
trd  promptus.  One  of  the  aphorisms  of  Hippo- 
crates says,  that  a  woman  is  never  ambidexter. 
This  is  a  mistake. 

AMBIL^VUS,  Ampharisteros. 

AMBITUS  GENITALIS  MULIEBRIS,  Vea- 
tibulum. 

AMBLOMA,  Abortion. 

AMBLOSIS,  Abortion. 

AMBLOSMUS,  Abortion. 

AMBLOTHRIDION,  see  Abortion. 

AMBLOTHRIDIUM,  Abortive. 

AMBLOTICUS,  Abortive. 

AMBLUS,  anP\v;,  'obscure.'     Hence, 

AMBLYAPH'IA,  from  a//,8Xt)?,  'obscure,'  and 
'a(t>r!,  'feeling.'     Dulness  of  the  sense  of  touch. 

AMBLYOGMOS,  Amblyopia. 

AMBLYO'PIA,  from  a/ifiXv;,  'obscure,'  and 
wj/, 'the  eye.'  Amhly'osmos,  Amblyog'mos,  Ampli- 
o'pia  (so  called  by  some,  according  to  Castelli, 
ob  ignorantiam  Graces  Ungues,)  Jlebetu'do  visfis, 
Feebleness  of  sight,  (F.)  Vuefaible.  First  degree 
of  Amaurosis. — Hippocrates. 

Amblyopia  CREprscuLAms,  Hemeralopia — a. 
Dissitorum,  Myopia — a.  Meridiana,  Nyctalopia — 
a.  Proximorum.  Presbytia. 

AMBLYOSMOS,  Amblyopia. 

AMBOLICUS,  Abortive. 

AMBON,  ajjL^iiiv,  'the  raised  rim  of  a  shield  or 
dish,'  from  afifiaiva,  '  I  ascend*'    The  fibro-carti- 


AMBOR 


64 


AMMONIA 


laginous  rings  or  hourreleta,  Trhieli  surround  the 
articular  cavities,  as  the  glenoid  cavity  of  the 
scapula,  the  acetabulum,  &c.,  have  been  so  called 
— Galen.     See  Crista. 

AMBOR,  Ambergris. 

AMBE.A,  Succinum — a.  Ambrosiaca,  Amber- 
gris— a.  Cineracea,  Ambergris. 

AMBRAGRISEA,  Ambergris. 

AMBRE  BLANO,  Succmum  (album)  —  a. 
Jaane,  Succinum. 

A2IBRETTE,  Hibiscus  abelmoschus. 

AMBPiO'SIA,  from  a,  privative,  and  Pporo;, 
'  mortal.'  Pood  which  makes  immortal,  or  the 
fjod  of  immortals.  The  food  of  the  gods — Ho- 
mer.    See  also,  Chenopodium  botrys. 

Ambkosia  Elatior,  see  A.  Trifida. 

Ambro'sia  Marit'iiia.  a  plant  which  grows 
on  the  shores  of  the  Levant,  and  has  a  pleasant, 
bitter  and  aromatic  taste.  It  is  given  in  infusion, 
as  a  tonic  and  antispasmodic. 

Ambeo'sia  Teif'ida,  Horseweed,  Richweed, 
Horsemint,  Horsecane,  Bitterweed,  Great  Rag- 
weed, Wild  Hemp.  This  indigenous  plant  is 
found  in  low  grounds  and  along  streams,  from 
Canada  to  Georgia,  and  west  to  Louisiana  and 
Arkansas.  It  is  an  annual,  and  flowers  in  Au- 
gust and  September.  An  infusion  has  been  re- 
commended locally  in  mercurial  salivation. 

Amliroiiia  Elatior,  Ragweed,  is  said  by  Dr.  R. 
E.  Griffith  to  have  much  more  developed  sensible 
properties. 

A3/BR0SIE  DU  MEXIQUE,  Chenopodium 
ambrosioides. 

AMBULANCE,  (F.)  from  amhulare,  'to  walk.' 
A  military  hospital  attached  to  an  army,  and 
moving  along  with  it.  Also  called  Hopital  am- 
littlant. 

AMBULATIO,  Walking. 

AM'BULATORY,  Am'bidanfi,  Amhulati'vus, 
Am'bidative,  (F.)  Amhulant.  A  morbid  affection 
is  said  to  be  'ambulatory,'  (F.)  amhulante,  when 
it.  skips  from  one  part  to  another;  as  Erieypeles 
amhulante,  &c.  When  blisters  are  applied  suc- 
cessively on  different  parts  of  the  body,  they  are 
called  Vesieatoires  ambulants. 

AMBULEIA,  Cichorium  intybus. 

AM'BULI.  The  Brachmanic  name  for  an  In- 
dian aquatic  herb,  which  appears  to  belong  to 
the  family  Li/simacMoB.  The  whole  plant  has  a 
sweet  smell.  Its  decoction  has  a  very  bitter 
taste,  and  is  an  excellent  febrifuge.  It  is  also 
taken  in  milk  in  cases  of  vertigo. 

AM'BULO  FLATULEN'TUS  ET  FURIO'- 
SUS,  FlatiM  fiirio'sua,  Vare'ni.  Painful,  mo- 
bile, and  periodical  tumours  affecting  different 
parts,  which  were  once  considered  as  the  effect 
of  very  subtile  vapours — Michaelis.  Their  na- 
ture is  by  no  means  clear. 

AMBUSTIO,  Bum. 

AMBUTUA,  Pareira  brava. 

AMBUYA-EMBO.  A  very  beautiful,  creeping 
aristolochia  of  Brazil,  the  decoction  of  which  is 
exhibited  successfully  in  obstructions.  It  is  also 
■rised  in  fumigation  and  in  baths  as  a  tonic, 

AME,  Anima. 

AMELI.  A  Malabar  shrub,  belonging  to  a 
gefias  unknown.  The  decoction  of  its  leaves  is 
said  to  relieve  colic.  Its  roots,  boiled  in  oil,  are 
used  to  repel  tumours. 

AMELIA,  Apathy. 

AMENIA,  Amenorrhoea,  Emmenagogues. 

AMENOMA'NIA.  A  hybrid  word,  formed 
from  the  Latin  ajnce/nis,  'agreeable,'  and /tavia, 
'  mania.      A  gay  form  of  insanity. 

AMENORRHGE'A,  Parame'nia  ohstruciio'm'9, 
MenoeryfVia,  Menoata'iia,  Apophrax'i8,ArrJioe'a, 
De/nc'tua  eeu  Reman'aio  seu  Oeesa'tio  men'aium, 


Meiutrua't'o  impcdi'ta,  Tachome'nia,Ame'nta,  fro3B 
a,  privative,  f.riv,  'a  month,'  and  ptia,  'I  flow.' 
Stippreaaion  of  the  menaea,  (F.)  Svppreeaion  du 
flux  menatruel.  This  suppression  is  most  com- 
monly symptomatic,  and  hence  the  chief  atten- 
tion must  be  paid  to  the  cause.  Usually,  there  is 
an  atonic  state  of  the  system  generally,  and  hence 
chalybeates  and  other  tonics  are  advisable. 

Two  great  varieties  of  Amenorrhoea  are  com- 
monly reckoned.  1.  A.  Emanaio'jiis,  Eman'aio 
men'aium,  3Ienis'cheaia,  Ifenoa'chesia,  3Ienatrua'lio 
retenta,  Ilen'aiujn  reten'tio.  Retention  of  the  men- 
aea, when  the  menses  do  not  appear  at  the  usual 
age :  and,  2.  Supprea' aio  3fen'sium,  Swpprea'eio 
Ifenstruatio'nia,  Amenorrhce'a  Suppreasio'nia,  In- 
terrup'tio  menatrua.tio' nia,  Menatrua'tio  av.ppreaaa, 
in  which  the  catamenia  are  obstructed  in  their 
regular  periods  of  recurrence.  See  Emansio  Men- 
sium,  and  Menses. 

Amenoerhcea  Difficilis,  Dysmenorrhoea — a. 
Emansionis,  see  Amenorrhoea — a.  Hymenica,  see 
Hymenicus  —  a.  Partialis,  Dysmenorrhoea  —  a. 
Suppressionis,  see  Amenorrhoea. 

AMENTIA,  Dementia :  see,  also,  Fatuitas,  and 
Idiotism — a.  SenUis,  Dementia  of  the  aged. 

AMER,  Amarus. 

AMERICAX,  see  Homo. 

AMERICANUM  TUBEROSUM,  Solanum  tu- 
berosum. 

AilERTmiE,  Bitterness. 

AM'ETHYST,  Amethya'tua,  from  a,  privative, 
and  ^s.Bvui,  '  I  am  drunk.'  A  precious  stone,  to 
which  the  ancients  attributed  the  property  of 
preventing  drunkenness.  It  was  also  used  as  an 
anti-diarrhceic  and  absorbent — Pliny,  Albertus 
Magnus. 

AMETH'YSUM,  Amethya'tum,  (remeditim,) 
Same  etymon  as  the  last.  A  remedy  for  drunk- 
enness. 

AMETRIA,  Intemperance.  Also,  absence  of 
the  uterus  J  from  a,  privative,  and  iirjTpa,  'the 
uterus.' 

AMICULUM,  Amnios. 

AIIIDON,  10 DURE  If,  Starch,  Iodide  of. 

AMIDUM,  Amylum. 

AMIN^A,  Anime. 

AMIlfiE'UM  VIXUM,  Amiwe'on  jc?'«e,  highly 
esteemed  as  a  stomachic.  Virgil  distinguishes  it 
from  the  Falernian. — Pliny,  Macrobius,  &c. 

AMMA,  Truss. 

AMMI,  Ammi  majaa  seu  cicutcpfo'lium  seu 
vulga're  seu  Bolheri,  Am'mioa  miirica'ta,  A'pium 
ammi,  Biahop'a  weed.  The  seeds  of  this  plant  are 
aromatic  and  pungent.  They  are  said  to  be 
carminative  and  diuretic,  and  are  tonic  and  sto- 
machic. 

Ammi  Bolberi,  Ammi  —  a.  dea  Boutiqnea,  see 
Sison  ammi — a.  Cicutee folium,  Ammi — a.  Vemm, 
see  Sison  ammi — a.  Vulgare,  Ammi. 

AMMION,  Hydrargyri  sulphuretum  rubrum. 

AMMIOS  MURICATA,  Ammi. 

AMMISMUS,  Psammismus. 

AMMOCHO'SIA,  Ammoeho'aia,  from  aiifios, 
'sand,'  and  x'^'^i  'I  pour.'  Arena'tio.  Putting 
the  human  body  in  hot  sand,  for  the  cure  of 
disease. 

AMMO'NIA,  Ammo'nia  or  Ammoni'acal  gaa, 
Volatile  al'kali,  Al'cali  ammvni'acum  eaiia'ticiim, 
A.  volat'ile  caua'ticum,  Ammo'nia  caua'tica,  A, 
pura,  Amhioni'ncum,  A.  caua'tieiim,  Gaa  ammo- 
niaca'le,  Mephi'tia  urino'aa,  (F.)  Amynoniaqite, 
Air  alcalin,  Gaz  ammoniacal.  An  alcali,  so  called, 
because  obtained  pirincipally  by  decomposing  sal 
ammoniac  [muriate  of  ammonia)  by  lime.  Tiiis 
gas  is  colourless,  transparent,  elastic,  of  a  pun- 
gent, characteristic  odour,  and  an  acrid  urinous 
taste.     It  turns  the  syrup  of  violets  green,  and 


AMMOXIAC 


C5 


AMMONIA  ACETAS 


its  specific  gravity  is  0-596.  When  inhaled, 
largely  diluted  with  common  air,  it  is  a  powerful 
irritant.  When  unmixed,  it  instantly  induces 
sufiocation. 

Ammonia,  Acetate  of,  SoirTioK  of.  Liquor 
ammonise  acetatis — a.  Arseniate  of,  Arseniate  of 
auiiaonia — a.  Benzoate  of.  Ammonia}  benzoas — 
a.  Caustica  liquida.  Liquor  ammonia3 — a.  Chloro- 
hydrate  of,  Ammoniee  murias — a.  Citrate  of,  Am- 
moniEe  citras — a.  Hydriodate  of.  Ammonium,  io- 
dide of — a.  Hydrochlorate  of,  Ammoniro  murias 
— a.  Hydrosulphuret  of,  Ammonife  sulphuretum — 
a.  Iodide  of,  see  Iodine — a.  Liniment  of,  strong, 
Linimentum  ammonire  fortius — a.  Liquid,  Liquor 
Ammoniffi — a.  Muriatica,  Ammonire  murias — a. 
Nitrata,  Ammonise  nitras — a.  Phosphate  of,  Am- 
monise phosphas — a.  Prseparata,  Ammoniee  car- 
bonas  —  a.  Pura  liquida,  Liquor  ammoniae  —  a. 
Solution  of,  Liquor  ammonise  —  a.  Solution  of, 
stronger,  Liquor  ammoniee  fortior — a.  Tartrate  of, 
Ammonise  tartras. 

AMMO'NIAC,  GUM,  Ammoru'acnm,  (Ph.  U. 
S.)  Gum'mi  Ammoni'acum,  Armoni'aciun,  3Iato'- 
rium.  (Y.)  Ammoniac,  Gomme  ammoniaqve,  so 
called  from  Ammonia  in  Lybia,  whence  it  is 
brought.  A  gum-resin,  the  concrete  juice  of 
Dore'ma  ammoni'acum,  of  Persia:  a  species  of  a 
genus  allied  to  Ferula.  It  is  in  irregular,  dry 
masses  and  tears,  yellow  externally,  whitish  with- 
in. Its  odour  is  peculiar,  and  not  ungrateful : 
taste  nauseous,  sweet,  and  bitter.  It  forms  a 
white  emulsion  with  water :  is  soluble  in  vinegar ; 
partially  so  in  alcohol,  ether,  and  solutions  of  the 
alcalies. 

Gum  ammoniacum  is  expectorant,  deobstru- 
ent  (?)  antispasmodic,  diseutient,  and  resolvent. 
It  is  chiefly  used,  however,  in  the  first  capacity, 
and  in  the  formation  of  eertiiin  plasters. 

Two  varieties  are  met  with  in  the  market, 
Gnttm  ammoni'aci,  the  best;  and  Lapis  ammoni'- 
aci,  the  more  impure. 

AMMONIAC^  NITRAS,  Ammonise  nitras— 
a.  Sulphas,  Ammonia?  sulphas. 

AMMONIACUM,  Ammonia,  Ammoniac  Gum 
— a.  Succinatum.  Spiritus  ammonia;  foetidus — a. 
Volatile  mite,  Ammouia3  carbonas. 

AMMONIJE  ACETAS,  Liquor  ammonise  ace- 
tatis— a.  Arsenias,  Arseniate  of  Ammonia. 

Ammo'ni.e  Ben'zoas,  Jlen'zoate  of  Ammonia. 
A  salt  formed  by  the  union  of  benzoic  acid  and 
ammonia,  which  has  been  prescribed  for  the  re- 
moval of  gouty  depositions  of  urate  of  soda  in 
the  joints.     It  is  regarded  as  a  good  diuretic. 

Ammonia  Car'eonas,  A.  Sahcar'lonas,  A.  Ses- 
quioar'honas,  Salt  of  hones,  Sal  Os'sium,  Salt  of 
ir.ood-soot,  Sal  Fulig"ini8,  Salt  of  urine,  Volatile 
Sal  Ammoniac,  Baker's  salt,  Al'cali  volat'ile 
a'era'-tiun,  A.  volat'il-e  amraoniaca'le,  A.  volat'ile 
ex  sale  ammoni'aco,  Ammoni'acum  volat'ile  mite, 
Ammo'nium  carhon'icum,  A.  subcarho'neum,  Car- 
honns  ammo'nim  alkali'nus  sen  incomple' tns  sou 
snperammoni' acHS, Hypocar'honas  ammo' nia;, Flo- 
res  sails  ammoni'aci,  Sal  cornu  cervi  volat'ile, 
Sal  volat'ilis  sails  ammoni'aci,  Concrete  volatile 
alkali.  Carbonate  or  Suhcarhonate  of  ammonia, 
Amnto'nia  prapara'ta,  Sal  volat'ile.  Smelling  salt, 
(F.)  Carhonate  d'ammoniaqiie,  Sel  volatil  d'An- 
ffleterre,  (Ammon.  muriat.  ft)j  ;  Creta  Ibiss.  Sub- 
lime —  Ph.  U.  S.)  A  white,  striated,  crystalline 
mass;  odour  and  taste  pimgent  and  ammoniacal : 
soluble  in  two  parts  of  wat«r  :  insoluble  in  alco- 
hol :  effloresces  in  the  air.  It  is  stimulant,  ant- 
acid, diaphoretic,  and  antispasmodic.     Dose,  gr. 

T.  to  XV. 

Carbonate  of  ammonia  is  at  times  used  to  form 
effervescing  di-aughts.     One  scruple  saturates  six 
fluidrachms  of  lemon-juice,  twenty-six  grains  of 
5 


crystallized  tartaric  acid,  and  twenty-six  grains 
of  crystallized  citric  acid. 

Ammonite  Citras,  Citrate  of  Ammo'nia.  Made 
by  saturating  lemon  or  lime  juice,  or  a  solution 
of  citric  acid,  with  carbonate  of  ammonia.  Dose, 
fSss. 

It  may  be  made  extemporaneously,  and  taken 
in  an  effervescing  state.  Seventeen  grains  of 
citric  acid  or  half  a  fluidounce  of  lemon-jiiiee 
will  be  sufficient  for  thii'teen  grains  of  carbonate 
of  ammonia. 

AmmonIjE  CrPRO-suLPHAS,  Cuprum  ammo- 
niatum. 

Ammost-'E  et  Ferri  Mtrias,  Ferrum  ammo- 
niatiim — a.  Ferro-citras,  Ferri  ammonio-citras — ■ 
a.  Hj-driodas,  Ammonium,  iodide  of— a.  Hydro- 
sulphuretupi.  Liquor  fumans  BoyHi — a.  Hypoc-ar- 
bouas,  Ammonia;  Carbonas. 

Ammo'nia  Mtj'rias,  Mu'riate  of  Ammo'nia, 
Hi/drocJilo' rate  of  Ammo'nia,  Chloroht/drate  of 
Ammo'nia,  Sal  Ammoni' aciun,  Sal  Ammo'niac, 
Sal  Ammoni'acus,  Ammo'nia  Muriat'ica,  Ammo'- 
nium 3Jnria'tum,  Hydrochlo'ras  Ammo'nicB,  Sal 
Armoni'acum,  Salmiac,  Fuli'go  Al'ba  Philoso- 
pho'rum,  Misadir,  (F.)  Muriate  d'Ammoniaque. 
A  saline  concrete,  formed  by  the  combination  of 
muriatic  acid  with  ammonia.  In  Egypt  it  is 
manufactured  in  large  quantities  by  subliming 
the  soot  formed  by  burning  camel's  dung  —  26 
pounds  of  the  soot  yielding  6  pounds.  It  is  also 
prepared,  in  great  quantities,  by  adding  sulphuric 
acid  to  the  volatile  alkali  obtained  from  soot, 
bones,  &c.,  mixing  this  with  common  salt,  and 
subliming. 

Muriate  of  ammonia  is  inodorous,  but  has  an 
acrid,  pungent,  bitterish,  and  urinous  taste. 
Three  parts  of  cold  water  dissolve  one.  Solu- 
ble also  in  4*5  parts  of  alcohol.  It  is  aperient 
and  diuretic,  but  seldom  used  internally.  Ex- 
ternally, it  is  employed,  producing  cold  during 
its  solution,  in  inflammations,  &q. 

Ammo'ni^e  Nitras,  Nitrate  of  Ammonia,  AV- 
Icali  volat'ile  nitra'tum.  Sal  ammoni' acus  nitro'sus, 
Ammo'nia  nitra'ta,  Nitras  ammoni'aecB,  Nitrum 
famman-s,  (F.)  Nitrate  d'Ammoniaque.  A  salt 
composed  of  nitric  acid  and  ammonia.  It  is  diu- 
retic and  deobstruent.  (?)  Externally,  it  is  dis- 
eutient and  sialogogue. 

Ammo'xi^  Phosphas,  PhospJiate  of  Ammo'nia, 
(F.)  Phosp>}>at€  d' Ammoniaque.  This  salt  has  been 
recommended  as  an  excitant,  diaphoretic,  and 
diseutient.  More  recently,  it  has  been  proposed 
as  a  new  remedy  for  gout  and  rheumatism,  as  a 
solvent  of  uric  acid  calculus,  and  for  diseases, 
acute  and  chronic,  connected  directly  with  the 
lithie  acid  diathesis. 

AjtMONi-E  Sesquicareonas,  a.  carbonas. 
Ammo'ni.e  Sulphas,  Sulphate  of  Ammo'nia, 
Sulphas  ammoni'aca,  Ammo'nium  sulphv'ricum, 
Al'hali  volat'ile  vifriola'tum,  Sal  Ammoni'acvm 
secre'tum  GLArBERI,  Sal  sccre'tus  Glatjberi,  Vi- 
triolum  ammoniaca'le,  (F.)  Sulphate  d'Ammoni- 
aque. Formed  bj'  adding  sulphuric  acid  either 
to  sal  .ammoniac  or  to  ammoniacal  liquor.  Its 
properties  are  like  those  of  the  muriate  of  am- 
monia, 

Ammo'ni.e  SuLPHTJRE'Trsr,  SuVphuret  of  Am- 
mo'nia, HydrosuV phuret  of  Ammo' nia.  Ammo  - 
nium  Stdfhydra'tum,  HydrosuV 2)hc(s  Ammonia, 
Spir'itus  Begxti'ni,  Sp.  fumans  Begui'ni,  Sul- 
phure'tum  ammoni'acm,  Sp.  salis  ammoni'aci  svl- 
phnra'tna.  Liquor  ammo' nil  hydrothi'odis.  Hydro- 
sulphur  e'twn  Ammo' nicum,  Hydrarg.  ammoniaca'- 
le aquo'svm,  Hydrog"eno-sidphure'tum  ammoni'-^ 
acts  liq'nidum,  Spir'itus  sul'phuris  volat'ilis,  He- 
par  sulphuris  rolat'ile,  Bovi.e's  or  BECinNE's 
fuming  spiirit,  CE.)  Hydrosvlphate  iulfure  d'Am- 


AMMONIAQUE 


66 


AMPELOS 


tnoniaqite,  Liqueur  fumante  de  BoYLE,  Sulfure 
hydrogfne  d' Aramoniaque,  Hydroaulfure  d'Am- 
moniaque.  Odour  very  fetid;  taste  nauseous  and 
styptic ;  colour  dark  yellowish  green.  It  is  re- 
puted to  be  sedative,  nauseating,  emetic,  disoxy- 
genizing,  (?)  and  has  been  given  in  diabetes  and 
diseases  of  increased  escitement.     Dose,  gtt.  viij. 

to  gtt.  XX. 

Ammo'ni^  Tartras,  Al'hali  volat'ile  tartari- 
za'tum,  Sal  Ammoni' aeum  tarta'reum,  Tar'tarus 
<rmmo'ni/B,  Tartrate  of  Ammo'nia,  (F.)  Tartrate 
d' Ammoniaque.  A  salt  composed  of  tartaric  acid 
and  ammonia.  It  is  diaphoretic  and  diuretic ; 
but  not  much  used. 

AMMONIAQUE,  Ammonia — a.  Arseaiate  d', 
Arseniate  of  ammonia — a.  HydroBidfure  d' ,  Am- 
moniee  stilphnretum — a.  Hydrosidfate  suJ/ure  d', 
Ammoniaj  sulphuretum — a.  Liquide,  Liquor  am- 
monise  —  a.  Phof^phate  d',  Ammoniaj  phosphas — 
a.  Sulfure  hydrorje.ne  d',  Ammonias  sulphuretum. 
AMMONII  lODIDUM,  Ammonium,  iodide  of. 
AifMOsn  loDURETUM,  Ammonium.  iodide  of. 
AMMONIO-CUPRICUS  SUESULPHAS,  Cu- 
prum ammoniatum. 

AMMO'NION,  from  afiiios,  'sand.'  An  ancient 
eollyrium  of  great  virtues  in  many  diseases  of  the 
eye,  and  which  was  said  to  remove  sand  from 
that  organ. 

AMMONIUM  AESENICICUM,  Arseniate  of 
ammonia — a.  Carbonicum,  Ammonias  carbouas 
— a.  Hydroiodicum,  Ammonium,  iodide  of — a. 
Jodatum,  Ammonium,  iodide  of. 

Ammo'nium,  I'odide  of,  lod'idum  seu  lodure'- 
tuTii  amnwnii,  Ammonium  loda'tum  seu  Hydro- 
iod'icum,  Hydri'odas  ammo' nia,  Hydri'odnte  of 
ammo'nia.  This  salt  is  formed  by  saturating 
liquid  hydriodic  acid  with  caustic  ammonia,  and 
evaporating  the  solution.  It  is  applied  in  the 
form  of  ointment  (3J  ad  adipis  5J)  in  lepra, 
psoriasis,  &c. 

Ammonium  Muriaticum  Martiatum  sett  Mar- 
TiALE,  Ferrum  ammoniatum — a.  Muriatum,  Am- 
monias murias — a.  Subcarboneum,  Ammoniae  car- 
bonas — a.  Sulf hydratum.  Ammonias  sulphuretum 
■ — a.  Sulphuricum,  Ammonias  sulphas. 

AMNA  ALCALIZATA,  Water,  mineral,  sa- 
line. 

AMNEMOSTNE,  Amnesia. 
AMNE'SIA,  Amtiest'ia,  Amnemos'yne,  from  a, 
privative,  and  jivriaii,  'memory.'  Moria  imheo"- 
ilis  amne'sia,  Ohliv'io,  RecoUeciio'nia  jaetu'ra, 
DyscBethe'nia  inier'na,  Dcbil'itas  memo'rice,  Me- 
mo'ria  dele'ta,  (F.)  Perte  de  Memoire,  'loss  of 
memory.'  By  some  Nosologists,  amnesia  consti- 
tutes a  genus  of  diseases.  By  most,  it  is  consi- 
dered only  as  a  symptom,  which  may  occur  in 
many  diseases. 

AMNESTIA,  Amnesia. 
AMNI  TIS,  Amnitis. 

AMNIOCLEP'SIS,  from  Amnios,  and  xXtirru, 
'  I  steal  or  take  awa}'  clandestinely.'  Premature 
escape  of  the  liquor  amnii. 

AMNIORRHCE'A,  from  amnios,  and  piu,,  'I 
flow.'  A  premature  discharge  of  the  liquor  amnii. 
AM'NIOS,  Am'nion,  Am'nium,  llym'nium, 
Chorta  lirfjin'ea,  Armatit'ra,  Af/ni'na  memhra'nn, 
PeUu'cida  memhra'na.  Galea,  Seepar'num,  Jndu'- 
gium,  Amic'ulum,  Mevthra'na  foetuvi  invol'veiis. 
The  innermost  of  the  enveloping  membranes  of 
the  foetus : — so  called  because  first  observed  in 
the  sheep,  (?)  a/ivo;,  'a  sheep.'  It  is  thin,  trans- 
parent, perspirable,  and  possesses  man3'  delicate, 
colourless  vessels,  which  have  not  been  injected. 
It  is  generally  considered  to  be  produced  by  a 
fold  of  the  external  layer  of  the  germinal  mem- 
t.T.ino.  rising  up,  and  gradually  enveloping  the 
embryo.  Its  external  surface  is  feebly  united  to 
tbe   cnorion   bv  areolar  and  vascular  filaments. 


Its  inner  surface  is  polished,  and  is  in  contact 
with  the  body  of  the  foetus  and  the  liquor  amnii. 

AMNIOT'IC  ACID,  Ac"idv.m  am'nicum  vel 
amniot'ieum.  A  peculiar  acid,  found  by  Vauque- 
lin  and  Buniva  in  the  liquor  amnii  of  the  cow. 

AMNI'TIS,  Amnii'iis,  from  Amnion  and  itis, 
inflammation.     Inilammation  of  the  Amnion. 

AMCENOMA'NIA,  from  amcenus,  'agreeable,' 
and  mania.  A  form  of  mania  in  which  the  hal- 
lucinations are  of  an  agreeable  character. 

AMOME  FA  TJX,  Sison  amomum. 

AMO'MUM  CARDAMO'MUM,  A.  repens  sen 
racemo'sum,  A.  verura,  Alpin'ia  cardamo'mum, 
Ca,ro'pi,  Mato'nia  Cardamo' mum,  Eletta'ria  Car- 
damo'mum, Cardamo'mum  Minus,  Lesser  or  offici- 
nal Car'damom,  (F.)  Cardamome  de  la  Cote  de 
Malabar,  Cardamome.  The  seeds  of  this  Ea£t 
India  plant  have  an  agreeable,  aromatic  odour, 
and  a  pungent,  grateful  taste.  They  are  car- 
minative and  stomachic :  but  are  chiefly  used 
to  give  warmth  to  other  remedies.  The  fruit  is 
called  Amomis.     Dose,  gr.  v.  to  Qj. 

Amomum  Curcuma,  Curcuma  longa. 

Amomum  Galanga,  Maranta  G. 

Amomum  Granuji  Paradi'si,  Oardamo'rnttn 
majus,  Meleguet'ta,  Maniguet'ta,  Cardamo'mum 
pipera'ivm,  A.  max'imum,  (F.)  Graines  de  Para- 
dis.  Greater  cardamom  seeds  resemble  the  last 
in  properties.  They  are  extremely  hot,  and  not 
much  used. 

Amomum  Hirsutum,  Costus — a.  Montannra, 
see  Cassumuniar — a.  Pimenta:  see  Myrtus  pi- 
menta — a.  Pi.epens,  A.  cardamomum — a.  Sylves- 
tre,  see  Cassumuniar — a,  Zedoaria,  Kaempferia 
rotunda— a.  Zerumbet,  see  Cassumuniar. 

AjroMUM  Zin'giber,  Zin'giber  officina'le,  Zin'- 
giber  album,  Z.  nigrum,  Z.  commu'ne,  Zin'ziber, 
Ginger,  (F.)  Gingembre.  The  white  and  black 
ginger,  Zin'ziber  fuscum  et  album,  are  the  rhizoma 
of  the  same  plant,  Zin'giber  officina'le,  the  dif 
ference  depending  upon  the  mode  of  preparing 
them. 

The  odour  of  ginger  is  aromatic ;  taste  warm 
aromatic,  and  acrid.  It  yields  its  virtues  U 
alcohol,  and  in  a  great  degree  to  water.  It  ii 
carminative,  stimulant,  and  sialogogue. 

Preserved  Ginger,  Zingib'eris  Radix  Condi'ta, 
Radix  Zingib'eris  condi'ta  ex  Indid  alla'ta,  is  » 
condiment  which  possesses  all  the  virtues  of 
ginger. 

Ginger-Beer  Powders  may  be  formed  of  white 
»ugar,  ^j.  and  ^ij.  ginger,  gr.  v.  subcarbonate  of 
soda.  gr.  xxxvj  in  each  blue  paper :  acid  of  tar- 
tar, Qiss  in  each  white  paper, — for  half  a  pint  of 
water. 

Oxley's  Concentrated  Essence  of  Jamaica  Qxn~ 
ger  is  a  solution  of  ginger  in  rectified  spirit. 

AMOR,  Love. 

AMORGE,  Amurea. 

AMORPnUS,  AnhistoTts,  Anidens; 

AMOSTEUS,  Osteocolla. 

AMOUR,  Love  —  a.  Physique,  Appetite,  ve- 
nereal. 

AMOUREUX  (muscle.)  Obliquus  superior 
oculi. 

AMPAC,  Amp'acus.  An  East  India  tree,  tho 
leaves  of  wliich  have  a  strong  odour,  and  are 
used  in  baths  as  detergents.  A  very  odoriferoua 
resin  is  obtained  from  it 

AMPAR,  Pucdnum. 

AMPELOCARPUS.  G.ilium  aparine. 

AMPELOPRASUM,  Allium. 

AMPELOP'SIS  QUINQUEFO'LIA,  Virgin'- 
ian  Creeper,  American  Ivy,  Fireleaved  Ivy, 
Woody  Climber.  An  indigenous  climbing  plant. 
Family.  Vitaceae  ;  which  flowers  in  July.  It  has 
been  advised  as  an  expectorant. 

AMPELOS,  Vitis  viuifcra — a,  Agfia,  Bryonia 


AMPHAMPHOTERODIOPSIA 


67 


AMYGDALIN 


alba — a.  Id»a,  Vaccinium  Vitis  Idasa  —  a.  Oino- 
phoros,  Vitis  vinifera- 

AMPHAMPHOTERODIOPSIA,  Diplopia. 

AMPHARIS'TEROS,  AmhUcB'vus,  'awkward;' 
from  ajKpi,  and  apitrrspoj,  '  the  left.'  Opposed  to 
ambidexter. 

AMPHEMERINOS,  Quotidian. 

AMPHEMERUS,  Quotidian. 

AMPHI,  aii<j)i,  'iDoth,  around,  on  all  sides.' 
Ilence,^  a  prefix  in  many  of  the  following  terms. 

AMPHIAM,  Opium. 
•  AMPHIARTHRO'SIS,  from  aii<pi,  'both,'  and 
ap^putrtf,  '  articulation.'  A  mixed  articulation, 
in  which  the  corresponding  surfaces  of  bones  are 
united  in  an  intimate  manner  by  an  intermediate 
body,  which  allows,  however,  of  some  slight  mo- 
tion. Such  is  the  junction  of  the  bodies  of  the 
vertebra3  by  means  of  the  intervertebral  car- 
tilages. This  articulation  has  also  been  called 
Diarthrose  de  Oontinuite.  The  motion  it  permits 
is  but  slight, 

AMPlilBLESTRODITIS,  Retinitis. 

AMPHIBLESTROIDES,  Reticular. 

AMPHIBLESTROMALA'CIA,  from  amphi- 
hlestroV des  (membrana)  the  retina,  and  ^oXaKia, 
'  softening.'  Mollescence  or  softening  of  the 
retina. 

AMPHIBRAN'CHIA,  from  a^(/.£,  'around,' 
and  ^payxKt,  '  the  throat.'  Amphihron' chia.  The 
tonsils  and  neighbouring  parts. — Hippocrates. 

AMPHICAUSTIS,  Vulva. 

AMPHID'EUM,  from  aficJi,  '  around,'  and  ^tw, 
'I  bind.'  The  outermost  margin  of  the  cervix 
ut«ri ;  the  Labium  uteri. 

AMPHIDEXIUS,  Ambidexter. 

AMPHIDIARTHRO'SIS,  from  a/i^i,  'about,' 
and  OKip^-puo-i?,  'a  moveable  joint.'  A  name  given 
by  Winslow  to  the  temporo-maxUlary  articula- 
tion, because,  according  to  that  anatomist,  it 
partakes  both  of  ginglymus  and  arthrodia. 

AMPHIESMA  CORDIS,  Pericardium. 

AMPHIMERIiSTA,  Pertussis— a.  Heetiea,  Hec- 
tic fever. 

AMPHIMERINOS,  Quotidian. 

AMPHION,  Maslaeh. 

AMPHIPLEX,  PerinsEum. 

AMPHIPNEUxMA,  Dyspnoea. 

AMPHISMELA,  Knife,  double-edged. 

AMPHISMILE,  Knife,  double-edged. 

AMPHISPHAL'SIS,  Gircumac'tio,  Circum- 
duc'tio,  from  aynpi,  'around,'  and  cnpaXXm,  'I  wan- 
der.' The  movement  of  circumduction  used  in 
reducing  luxations. — Hippocrates. 

AMPIIODIPLOPIA,  see  Diplopia. 

AM'PHORA,  per  syncop.  for  ainpiipoptv?,  from 
aft<pi,  '  on  both  sides,'  and  0£pw,  '  I  bear  :'  because 
it  had  two  handles.  A  liquid  measure  among 
the  ancients,  containing  above  seven  gallons. 
Also  called  Quadrant' al,  Cera'miiim,  Ceram' nium, 
Oadus. 

AMPHORIC  RESPIRATION,  see  Cavernous 
PiCspiration. 

AMPKOTERODIPLOPIA,  see  Diplopia- 

AMPHRODIPLOPIA,  Diplopia. 

AMPLEXATIO,  Coition. 

AMPLEXUS,  Coition. 

AMPLIFICATIO,  Platynosis. 

AMPLIOPIA,  Amblyopia- 

AMPOSIS,  Anaposis. 

AMPOULES,  Essera. 

AMPUL'LA,  (L.)  'A  bottle.'  A  membranous 
bag,  shaped  like  a  leathern  bottle.  See  Cavitas 
Elliptica.    In  pharmacy,  a  receiver. 

Ampulla  Chylifera  seu  Chyli,  Recepta- 
culum  ehyli. 

AMPULLA,  Phlyctsenae. 

AMPUTATION,  Amputa'tio,  from  amputare, 
(am,  'around/  and  putare,)  'to  cut  off.'    Apotf- 


ome,  Apotom'ia.  The  operation  of  separating,  by 
means  of  a  cutting  instrument,  a  limb  or  a  part 
of  a  limb,  or  a  projecting  part,  as  the  mamma, 
penis,  &.C.,  from  the  rest  of  the  body.  In  tho 
case  of  a  tumour,  the  term  excision,  removal,  or 
ea;<i;'^ati!'on,(F.)i?esec<iO)!,  is  more  commonly  used. 

Amputatiox,  Circular,  is  that  in  which  the 
integuments  and  muscles  are  divided  circularly. 

Amputation,  Flap,  (F.)  A.  d  lambeaux,  is  when 
one  or  two  flaps  are  left  so  as  to  cover  the  stump, 
when  the  limb  has  been  removed. 

Amputation,  Joint,  Exarticida'tio,  (F.)  A. 
dans  I'article  ou  dans  la  contiguite  des  memhres, 
is  when  the  limb  is  removed  at  an  articulation. 

Each  amputation  requires  a  different  process, 
which  is  described  in  works  on  operative  surgery. 

Amputation,  Spontaneous,  See  Spontaneous.. 

AMULET,  Amuletum. 

AMULETTE,  Amuletum. 

AMULE'TUM,  irom.  amoliri,  'to  remove.'  An 
Amidet,  Periam'ma,  Apotropcs'wn,  Periap'tan, 
Phylacte'rion,  Apoteles' ma,  Exarte'ma,  Alexica'- 
eum,  Preeservati' vu7n, Probasca'nium,  Probascan' - 
tium,  (F.)  Amidette,  Any  image  or  substanca 
worn  about  the  person  for  the  purpose  of  pre- 
venting disease  or  danger. 

AMUR'CA,  Anuir'ga,  anopyrj.  The  marc  or 
grounds  remaining  after  olives  have  been  crushe<l 
and  deprived  of  their  oil.  It  has  been  used  as 
an  application  to  ulcers. 

AMURGA,  Amurca. 

AM  USA,  Musa  Paradisiaca, 

A'MYCE,  Amycha,  Amy'xis.  Excoriation,  Sca- 
rification. 

AMYCHA,  Amyce. 

AMYC'TICA,  from  afitxro-u,  'I  lacerate,'  Me- 
dicines which  stimulate  and  vellicate  the  skin. — 
Ceelius  Aurelianus. 

AMYDRIASIS,  Mydriasis. 

AMYEL'IA,  from  a,  privative,  and  nvi\o(, 
'marrow.'  A  monstrous  formation,  in  which 
there  is  an  absence  of  spinal  marrow. 

AMY^'G'DALA,  same  etj'mon  as  Amyctiea; 
because  there  seem  to  be  fissures  in  the  shell. 
The  Almond,  of  which  there  are  two  kinds  ,• 
Amyq' dalcB  ama'rm  and  A.  dulceS,  (F.)  Amandeg 
ameres,  and  A.  donees,  obtained  from  two  varie- 
ties of  Amyg'dalus  communis  or  A.  sati'va,  a 
native  of  Barbary.  Nat,  Ord.  Amygdalese.  Sex. 
Syst.  Icosandria  Monogynia. 

The  taste  of  Amygdala  dulcis  is  soft  and  sweet} 
that  0?  A.  amara,  bitter.  Both  yield,  by  expres- 
sion, a  sweet,  bland  oil.  The  bitter  almond  con- 
tains Prussic  acid.  They  are  chiefly  used  for 
forming  emulsions. 

Amyg'daLjE  Pasta,  Almond  Paste,  a  cosmetic 
for  softening  the  skin  and  preventing  chaps,  is 
made  of  bitter  almonds,  blanched,  ^iv,  loJiite  of 
one  egg ;  rose  water,  and  rectified  spirit,  equal 
parts,  or  as  much  as  is  suflicient. 

Amyg'dal^  Placen'ta,  Almond  Cake,  is  the 
cake  left  after  the  expression  of  the  oil.  The 
ground  Almond  Cake,  Almond.  Powder,  Fari'na 
Amygdala' mm,  is  used  instead  of  soap  for  wash- 
ing the  hands. 

Amygdala,  Tonsil.  Also,  a  lobule  or  promi- 
nence of  the  cerebellum,  so  called  from  its  resem- 
blance to  an  enlarged  tonsil.  This  and  its  fellow 
of  the  opposite  side  form  the  lateral  boundaries 
of  the  anterior  extremity  of  the  valley,  and  are 
in  great  part  covered  by  the  medulla  oblongata. 
The  Amygdalae  are  seated  on  either  siae  of  the 
uvula,  in  the  fourth  ventricle. 

AM\''GDALATUM,  Emulsio  Amygdalas. 

AMYGDALE,  Tonsil. 

AMYG'DALIN,  Amygdali'num,  AmygdaWrHft 
Amyg'daline.  A  principle  contained  in  bittc* 
almonds,    which   is    prepared   by   pressing  tho 


AMYGDALITIS 


68 


ANACOLLEMA 


oruised  almonds  between  heated  plates  to  sepa- 
rate the  fat  oil ;  boiling  the  residue  in  alcohol ; 
evaporating,  and  treating  with  ether,  which  pre- 
cipitates the  amygdaline  in  a  crystalline  powder. 
A  weak  solution  of  it,  under  the  influence  of  a 
small  quantity  of  emulsin  or  synaptase,  which 
constitutes  the  larger  portion  of  the  pulp  of  al- 
monds, yields  at  once  oil  of  bitter  almonds  and 
hydrocyanic  acid. 

AMYGDALITIS,  Cynanehe  tonsillaris. 
AMYGDALUS,  see  Amygdala. 
Amygdalus  Communis,  see  Amygdala. 
Ami'g'dalus  Per'sica,  Per'sica  vidgn'ris.  The 
common  peach-tree,  (F.)  Peeher.     The  leaves  and 
ilowers  hare  been  considered  laxative.    They  are 
bitter  and  aromatic,  and  have  been  given  iii  has- 
maturia,  nephritis,  &c.     The  fruit  is  one  of  the 
pleasant  and  wholesome   summer   fruits,  when 
ripe.     The  kernels,  Amyg'dala  Per'sica,  as  well 
as  the  flowers,  contain  prussic  acid. 

PeacTi  Brandy  is  distilled  from  the  fruit,  and 
is  much  used  in  the  United  States. 
AMYGMOS,  Scarification. 
AMYLA'CEA  {remedia),iroTQ.  amyhm,  'starch.' 
Kemedies  whose  chief  medicinal  constituent  is 
staroh. 

AMYLEOIST,  Amylum. 

AMYLI  lODIDUM,  Starch,  iodide  of— a. 
loduretum.  Starch,  iodide  of. 

A'MYLUM,  A'midum,  Fec'ida,  Amyl'eon, 
Amyl'ion,  from  a,  priv.,  and  fivXri,  *a  mill,'  be- 
cause made  without  a  mill.  Stare  h,  (F.)  Amidon, 
Amy  Ion,  Starch  of  Wheat,  Fari'na,  Trit' ici  fari' - 
na,  Amylum  triti"ceimi  seu  Trit'ici,  Fec'tda  Amy- 
la'cea,  is  inodorous  and  insipid,  white  and  fria- 
ble. It  is  insoluble  in  cold  water  and  alcohol, 
but  forms  with  boiling  water  a  strong,  semi-trans- 
parent jelly.  It  is  demulcent,  and  is  used  as  an 
emollient  glyster,  and  as  the  vehicle  for  opium, 
when  given  per  anum.  Starch  is  met  with  abun- 
dantly in  all  the  cereal  grains,  in  the  stalks  of 
many  of  the  palms,  in  some  lichens,  and  in  many 
tuberous  roots,  particularly  in  the  bulbs  of  the 
orchis. 

Amylum  Americantjm,  see  Arrow  root — a.  Can- 
naceum,  Tous-les-mois  —  a.  lodatum,  Starch, 
iodide  of — a.  Manihoticum,  see  Jatropha  mani- 
hot  —  a.  Marantaceum,  Arrow-root  —  a.  Palma- 
ceum,  Sago  —  a.  Querneum,  Racahout. 

A'MYON,  from  a,  priv.,  and  fivov,  '  a  muscle,' 
JEmuscula'tus.  Without  muscle.  Applied  to  the 
limbs,  when  so  extenuated  that  the  muscles  can- 
not be  distinguished. 
AMYOSIS,  Synezizis. 
AMYRIS  COMMIPHORA,  see  Bdellium. 
Am'yeis  Elbmif'erA,  (F.)  Balsamier  Elemi- 
fh-e.  JS(at.  Ord.  Terebinthaceee.  Sex.  Syst. 
Octandria  Monogynia.  The  plant  whence  it  has 
been  supposed  Gum  Ele'mi  is  obtained.  This 
gum  or  resin  is  brought  from  the  Spanish  East 
and  "West  Indies.  Brazilian  Elemi,  according 
to  Dr.  Royle,  is  produced  by  Idea  Icicariha; 
Jlexican  Elemi,  by  Ela'phrium  elemiferum;  and 
Manilla  Elemi,  by  Cana'rium  commii'ne.  It  is 
eoftish,  transparent,  of  a  pale  whitish  colour,  in- 
clining a  little  to  green,  and  of  a  strong,  though 
not  unpleasant  smell.  It  is  only  used  in  oint- 
joents  and  plasters,  and  is  a  digestive. 

Amykis  Gilbadensis,  see  A.  opobalsamum. 
Am'yris  Opobal'samum,  (F.)  Balsamier  de  la 
Mecque,  Bal'sem,  Bal'samum.  The  plant  from 
which  is  obtained  the  Balsam  of  Mecca,  Bal'- 
mimum  gcnui'num  antiqvo'rnm,  Bahamela' on, 
^Erjyptiacum  Bal'samum,  Bal'samum  Asiat'icitm, 
li.  juda'icum,  B.  Syriacum,  B.  e  3Ieccd,  Cocn- 
hoVaamum,  B.  Alpi'ni,  Oleum  Bal'sami,  Opohal'- 
*<xmum^  Xylobal'samurh,  Balsam  or  Balm  of  Gi- 


lead,  (F.)  Baume  Blanc,  B.  de  Constantinople 
hlanc,  B.  de  Galaad,  B.  du  Grand  Oaire,  B.  Vrai, 
Terihinthine  de  Gilead,  T.  d'Egypte,  T.  du  Grand 
Kaire,  T.  de  Judee.  A  resinous  juice  obtained 
by  making  incisions  into  Amyris  opohal'samvm 
and  A.  Gileaden'sis  otJAnnssuSjBalsamaden'dron 
Gileaden'se  of  Kunth.  The  juice  of  the  fruit  is 
called  OarpohaV samum ;  that  of  the  wood  and 
branches  XylohaV samum.  It  has  the  general 
properties  of  the  milder  Terebinthinates. 

Amyris  Tomentosum,  Fagara  octandra. 

AMYRON,  Carthamus  Tinctorius. 

A'MYUS,  from  a,  privative,  and  jivs,  'a mouse, 
a  muscle.'     "Weak  or  poor  in  muscle. 

AMYX'IA,  from  a,  privative,  and  jiv^a,  'mu- 
cus.'    Deficiency  of  mucus. 

AMYXIS,  Amyce,  Scarification. 

ANA,  ava,  a  word  which  signifies  'of  each.' 
It  is  used  in  prescriptions  as  well  as  a  and  aa,  its 
abbreviations.  As  a  prefix  to  words,  it  means 
'  in,'  '  through,'  '  upwards,'  '  above,'  in  opposition 
to  cataj  also  'repetition,'  like  the  English  re. 
Hence, — 

ANAB'ASIS,  from  ava^aivu,  '  1  ascend.'  The 
first  period  of  a  disease,  or  that  of  increase. — 
Galen.     See  Augmentation. 

ANABEXIS,  Expectoration. 

ANABLEP'SIS,  from  ava,  'again,'  and  /JXettu, 
'I  see.'     Restoration  to  sight. 

ANABOLiE'ON,  Anabole'us,  from  ava^aWoi,  'I 
cast  up.'  An  ointment  for  extracting  darts  or 
other  extraneous  bodies. 

ANAB'OLE,  from  ava,  'upwards,'  and  /JaXXi*. 
'I  cast.'  Anago'ge,  Anaph'ora,  Anacine'ma. 
Anacine'sis.  An  evacuation  upwards.  An  act 
by  which  certain  matters  are  ejected  by  the 
mouth.  In  common  acceptation  it  includes,  ex- 
spuition,  expectoration,  regurgitation,  and  vomit- 
ing. 

ANABROCHIS'MUS,  Anahron'chismus,  from 
ava,  'with,'  and  lipoxo;,  'a  running  knot.'  An 
operation  for  removing  the  eye-lashes,  for  exam- 
ple, when  they  irritate  the  eye,  by  means  of  a 
hair  knotted  around  them — Hippocrates,  Galen, 
Celsus,  &c. 

ANABRONCHISMUS,  Anabrochismus. 
'  ANABROSIS,  Corrosion,  Erosion. 

ANACAMPSEROS,  Sedum  telephium. 

ANACAR'DIUM  OCCIDENTA'LE,  Acajuba 
oceidenta'lis,  Gassu'vium  pomif'erum.  Cashew 
(  W.  Indies.)  (F.)  Ae'ajou.  JVat.  Ord.  Terebin- 
thacese.  Sex.  Syst.  Enneandria  Monogynia. 
The  Oil  of  the  Cashew  Nut,  O'leum  Anacar'dii. 
(F.)  Huile  d' Acajou,  is  an  active  caustic,  and  used 
as  such  in  the  countries  where  it  grows,  especially 
for  destroying  warts,  <fcc. 

Anacardium  Orientale,  Avieennia  tomen- 
tosa. 

ANACATHAR'SIS,  from  ava,  'upwards,'  and 
Kabaiptiv,  '  to  purge.'  Purgation  upwards.  Ex- 
pectoration.    See,  also,  Repurgatio. 

Anacatharsis   Catarrhalis    Simplex,   Ca- 

ANACATHARTICUS,  Expectorant. 

ANACESTOS,  Incurable. 

ANACHREMPSIS,  Exspuition. 

ANACHRON,  Soda. 

ANAGINEMA,  Anabole,  Exspuition. 

ANACINESIS,  Anabole,  Exspuition. 

ANACLASIS,  Repercussion. 

ANACLINTE'RIUM,  Anadin'trum,  Becvhi- 
to'rium,  from  ava/tXii'u,  *I  recline.'  A  long  chnir 
or  seat,  so  formed  that  the  person  can  rest  in  a 
reclining  posture. 

ANACLINTRUM,  Anaelinterium. 

ANACOLLE'MA,  from  ava,  'together,  and 
KoXXuio,  '  I  glue.'     A  healing  medicine. 

Anacollemata,  Frontal  bandages. 


ANACOLUPPA 


ANANAS 


ANACOLUP'PA.  A  creeping  plant  of  Mala- 
bar, the  juice  of  which,  mixed  with  powdered 
pepper,  passes  in  India  as  a  cure  for  epilepsy, 
and  as  the  only  remedy  for  the  hite  of  the  naja. 
It  is  supposed  to  be  Zapa'nia  nodijio'ra. 

ANACOLUTHIE,  Incoherence. 

ANACOMIDE,  Restauratio. 

ANACONCHYLIASMUS,  Gargarism. 

ANACONCHYLISMUS,  Gargarism. 

ANACTESIS,  Restauratio. 

ANACTIRION,  Artemisia. 

ANACYCLEON,  Charlatan. 

ANACYCLUS  OFFICINARUM,  see  Anthe- 
mis  Pyrethrum — a.  Pyrethrum,  Anthemis  pyre- 
thrum. 

ANADESMUS,  Fascia. 

ANADIPLO'SIB,  from  ava,  'again,'  and  hiiKoiji, 
'I  double.'  Epanadiplo'sis,  Epanalep'sis,  Hedu- 
plica'tio.  The  redoubling  which  occurs  in  a 
paroxysm  of  an  intermittent,  when  its  type  is 
double. — Galen,  Alexander  of  Tralles. 

ANADORA,  Ecdora. 

ANAD'OSIS,  from  avah&difii,  'I  distribute.' 
Purgation  upwards,  as  by  vomiting.  Congestion 
of  blood  towards  the  upper  parts  of  the  body. 
Anadosis  seems  also  to  have  occasionally  meant 
chylification,  whilst  diadosis  meant  capillary  nu- 
trition,— Hippocrates,  Galen. 

ANAD'ROME,  from  ava,  'upwards,'  and  Spejiia, 
'  I  run.'  The  transport  of  a  humour  or  pain  from 
a  lower  to  an  upper  part. — Hippocr.  Also,  the 
globus  hystericus. 

AN^DCE'US,  from  av,  privative,  and  aiSoia, 
'organs  of  generation.'  A  monster  devoid  of 
sexual  organs. 

ANiEMATOPOIE'SIS,  from  a,  av,  privative, 
'atfia,  'blood,'  and  Troaia,  'I  make.'  Impeded  or 
obstructed  hsematosis. 

AN^MATO'SIS,  AnTicBmato'sis,  from  a,  av, 
privative,  and  'atfia,  '  blood.'  Defective  haema- 
tosis  or  preparation  of  the  blood.     Anaamia. 

AN^'MIA,  Exa'mia,  Anm'niasis,  Anhm'mia, 
Anhcbmato'sis,  Polyanhce'mi'a,  Ancemo'sts,  Oligce'- 
mia,  OligohoB'mia,  HypcB'mia,  Hydrorn'mia,  Hy- 
drm'mia,  Ane'mia,  (P.)  Anemie,  Polyanheinie, 
Hydrohemie,  Exsanguinity,  Bloodlessness :  from 
a,  priv.,  and  'atjia,  '  blood.'  Privation  of  blood ; 
—  the  opposite  to  plethora.  It  is  characterized 
by  every  sign  of  debility.  Also,  diminished  quan- 
tity of  fluids  in  the  capillary  vessels  : — the  oppo- 
site to  HypercBmia.  —  The  essential  character  of 
the  blood  in  anamia  is  diminution  in  the  ratio 
of  red  corpuscles. 

ANjSI'MIC,  Anem'ic,  Ance'inicus ;  same  ety- 
mon. Appertaining  to  Anemia, — as  an  "  ancBmic 
person  ;"  "  ancBunic  urine." 

ANiEMOCH'ROUS,  from  a,  av,  privative,  'ai/za, 
'blood,'  and  ;^poa,  'colour.'  Devoid  of  colour, 
pale. 

AN^MOSIS,  Anemia. 

AN^MOT'ROPHY,  Anmmotroph'ia:  from  av, 
privative,  'aiiia,  'blood,'  and  Tpo(pn,  'nourish- 
ment.' A  deficiency  of  sanguineous  nourishment. 
— Prout. 

AN^MYDRIA,  Anhydrsemia. 

AN^STHE'SIA,  AncBsthe' sis,  Insensibil'itas, 
Analge'sia,  Parap'sis  expers,  (F.)  Anesthene  : 
from  a,  privative,  and  aicdavofiai,  'I  feel.'  Pri- 
vation of  sensation,  and  especially  of  that  of  touch, 
according  to  some.  It  may  be  general  or  partial, 
and  is  almost  always  symptomatic. 

Anesthesia  Linguje,  Ageustia — a.  Olfactoria, 
Anosmia. 

AN^STHESIS,  Anesthesia. 

AN^STHET'IC,  Anesthet'ic,  AncBsthet'icus, 
Anesthesi'que  ;  same  etymon,  as  Anasthesia.  Re- 
lating to  privation  of  feeling,  as  an  "  ancBsthetic 
agent;"  one  that  prevents  feeling,  as  chloroform 


inhaled  during  a  surgical  operation.  Different 
agents  have  been  used  as  anaesthetics, — sulphuric 
ether,  chloroform,  chloric  ether,  compound  ether, 
chlorohydric  and  nitric  ethers,  bisulphuret  of 
carbon,  chloride  of  olefiant  gas,  benzin,  alde- 
hyde, light  coal-tar  naphtha,  &c. ;  but  the  ti^s^ 
four  are  alone  employed  as  agents. 

AN^STHETIZA'TION,  (F.)  AnestUtisation,' 
same  etymon.  The  condition  of  the  nervous  sys- 
tem induced  by  anaesthetics. 

AN^STHISIA,  Insensibility. 

ANAGAL'LIS,  from  ava,  and  ya\a,  'milk, 
from  its  power  of  coagulating  milk.  A.  arven'eie, 
A.  Plioenic"ea,  Red  Pim'pernel,  Scarlet  Pimper- 
nel. Nat.  Ord.  Primulaceaj.  Sex.  Syst.  Pen- 
tan  dria  Monogynia.  (F.)  Mouron  rouge.  A 
common  European  plant  j  a  reputed  antispasmo- 
dic and  stomachic. 

Another  species — Anagal'lis  coeru'lea  is  a  mere 
variety  of  the  above. 

Anagallis  Aquatica,  Veronica  Beccabunga. 

ANAGARGALICTON,  Gargarism. 

ANAGARGARISMUS,  Gargarism. 

ANAGARGARISTON,  Gargarism. 

ANAGLYPHE,  Calamus  scriptorius. 

ANAGOGE,  Anabole,  Rejection. 

ANAGRAPHE,  Prescription. 

ANAG'YRIS,  Anag'yrus,  Ac'opon,  Anag'yria 
'foe'tida.  Stinking  Bean  Trefoil.  Native  of  Italy. 
The  leaves  are  powerfully  purgative.  The  juice 
is  said  to  be  diuretic,  and  the  seeds  emetic. — Di- 
oscorides,  Paulus. 

ANAGYRUS,  Anagyris. 

ANAL,  Ana'lis.  That  which  refers  to  the 
anus  ; — as  Anal  region,  &c. 

ANAL'DIA,  (F.)  Analdie ;  from  a,  privative, 
and  a\luv,  'to  grow.'     Defective  nutrition. 

ANALEMSIA,  Analepsia. 

ANALENTIA,  Analepsia. 

ANALEP'SIA,  Analep'sis,  Analen'tia,  Ana- 
lem'sia,  from  ava,  'fresh,'  and  \aij(3avctv,  'to  take." 
Restoration  to  strength  after  disease. — Galen. .  A 
kind  of  sympathetic  epilepsy,  originating  from 
gastric  disorder.     See  Epilepsy. 

Also,  the  support  given  to  a  fractured  extre- 
mity; — Apipen'sio. — Hippocrates. 

ANALEPSIS,  Convalescence,  Restauratio. 

ANALEP'TICA,  Anapsyc'tica,  Psychot'ica, 
Refecti'va,  Rejicien'tia,  Analep'tics,  same  ety- 
mon. Restorative  medicines  or  food;  such  as 
are  adapted  to  recruit  the  strength  during  con- 
valescence : — as  sago,  salep,  tapioca,  jelly,  &c. 

Analeptic  Pills,  James's,  consist  of  James'a 
Powder,  Gum,  Ammoniacum,  and  Pills  of  Aloea 
and  Myrrh,  equal  parts,  with  Tincture  of  Castor, 
sufficient  to  form  a  mass. 

ANALGE'SIA,  Anal'gia,  from  a,  priv.,  and 
a\yog,  'pain.'  Absence  of  pain  both  in  health 
and  disease.     See  Anaesthesia. 

ANALGIA,  Analgesia. 

AN'ALOGIJE,  Anal'ogua ;  from  ava,  'again,' 
and  Aoyof,  '  a  description.'  A  part  in  one  orga- 
nized being  which  has  the  same  function  as  ano- 
ther part  in  another  organized  being. 

ANALOGOUS  TISSUES,  see  Tissues. 

ANALOSIS,  Atrophy. 

ANALTESIS,  Restauratio. 

ANALTHES,  Incurable. 

ANAMIRTA  COCCULUS,  Menispermum  coo 
cuius — a.  Paniculata,  Menispermum  cocculus. 

ANAMNES'TIC,  Anamnes'trcum,  from  ava, 
'again,'  and  nvaofxai,  'I  remember.'  A  medicine 
for  improving  the  memory.  See,  also,  Comme.. 
morative. 

ANANAS,  Bromelia  ananas — a..  Aeuleata,  Bro- 
melia  ananas — a.  Americana,  Bromelia  pinguin 
—  a.    Ovata,    Bromelia  ananas  —  "VVUd,   broaJ 
leaved,  Bromelia  pinguin. 


ANANAZIPTA 


n 


ANASTOMOSIS 


ANANAZIP'TA.  A  word  formerly  scrawled 
on  amulets  to  charm  away  disease. 

ANANDRI'A,  from  a,  av,  privative,  and  avn(), 
'  a  man.'  Want  of  manliness.  Impotence  in  the 
male.     The  state  and  act  of  emasculation. 

ANANEO'SIS,  Jienova'tio;  from  ava,  'again/ 
and  vcog,  'new.'  Renovation  or  renewal, — as  of 
the  blood  by  the  chyliferoua  vessels  and  lym- 
phatics. 

ANAPETI'A,  Expan'sio  mea'tuum,  from  ava, 
and  -rcraw,  '1  dilate.'  A  state  opposite  to  the 
closure  of  vessels — Galen. 

ANAPHALANTI'ASIS,J[?iap^a;an<o'ma,from 
avacpaXavTiag,  '  bald.'  Loss  of  the  hair  of  the  eye- 
brows.    Also,  baldness  in  general. 

ANAPHALANTOMA,  Anaphalantiasis. 

ANAPHB,  Anaphia. 

ANAPH'IA,  AiiJiaph'ia,  An'aphe,  from  a,  av, 
])riv.,  and  'a(prj,  'touch.'  Diminution  or  privation 
of  the  sense  of  touch. 

ANAPHLASMUS,  Masturbation. 

ANAPHONE'SIS,  from  ava,  'high,'  and  ^uv*?, 
'voice.'  Exercise  of  the  voice:  vociferation: — 
the  act  of  crying  out.      Vocifera'tio,  Glamor. 

ANAPHORA,  Anabole. 

ANAPHRODIS'IA,  from  a,  priv.,  and  A0po- 
iirrj,  'Venus,'  Befec'tua  Ven'eris,  Absence  of  the 
venereal  appetite.  Sometimes  used  for  Impotence 
and  Sterility. 

ANAPHRODISIAC,  Antaphrodisiac. 

ANAPHROMELI,  Mel  despumatum. 

ANAP'LASIS,  Anaplasmus,  from  avairXatraw, 
'I  restore.'  Oonfirma' tio,  Reposi"tio.  Restora- 
tion. Union  or  consolidation  of  a  fractured  bone 
— Hippocrates. 

ANAPLASMATIC,  Anaplastic. 

ANAPLASMUS,  Anaplasis. 

ANAPLAS'TIC,  Anaplas' ticus ;  same  etymon. 
An  epithet  applied  to  the  art  of  restoring  lost 
T>arts,  or  the  normal  shape — as  '  Anaplastic  Sur- 
gery.' See  Morioplastice.  Also  an  agent,  that 
increases  the  amount  of  plastic  matter — fibrin — 
in  the  blood  ;  Anaplasmat'ic. 

ANAPLERO'SIS,  from  avaTrXrpoo),  'I  fill  up.' 
Repletion.  That  part  of  surgical  therapeutics 
whose  object  is  to  supply  parts  that  are  wanting. 
Also,  Apposition  or  Prosthesis. 

ANAPLEROTICUS,  Incarnans. 

ANAPLEU'SIS,  Fluctua'tio,  Innata'tio,  from 
avaitXuv,  'to  swim  above.'  The  looseness  or 
shaking  of  an  exfoliated  bone ;  or  of  a  carious  or 
other  tooth,  &c. — Hippocrates,  Paulus. 

ANAPLOSIS,  Growth. 

ANAPNEUSIS,  Respiration. 

ANAPNOE,  Respiration. 

ANAPNOENU'SI;  from  Anapnoe,  'respira- 
tion,' and  vovgoi,  disease.'  Diseases  of  the  re- 
spiratory organs. 

ANAPNOMETER,  Spirometer. 

ANAPODISIS  UTERI,  Retroversio  Uteri. 

ANAPODISMUS  UTERI,  Retroversio  Uteri. 

ANAPODOPHYLLUM  CANADENSE,  Podo- 
phyllum peltatum. 

ANAP'OSIS,  Am'posis,  from  ava,  'again,'  and 
irotrjc,  '  drink.'  A  recession  of  humours  from  the 
circumference  to  the  centre  of  the  body — Hippo- 

ANAPSE,  Auante. 

xiNAPSIA,  Caecitas. 

ANAPSYCTICA,  Analeptica. 

ANAPTYSIS,  Expectoration. 

ANAPTYXIS.  Growth. 

ANAROOTINA,  Narcotine. 

ANARRHEGNU'MINA,  from  avappvyvviit,  'I 
l>ieak  out  again.'  Fractures  are  so  called  when 
ihey  become  disunited;  as  well  as  ulcers  when 
they  break  out  afresh. 

ANARRHI'NON,  from  iva,   'upwards/  and 


piv,  '  the  nose.'  That  which  returns  by  the  nose 
— Gorrseus. 

According  to  others,  that  which  issues  by  the 
skin;  from  ava,  and  pivo;,  'the  skin.' 

ANARRHINUM,  Sternutatory. 

ANARRHOE,  Anarrhoea. 

ANARRHCE'A,  Anar'o-hoe,  AnarrJio'pia, 
Anas'tasis,  from  a-ja,  'upwards,'  and  pew,  'I  flow.' 
Afflux  of  fluid  towards  the  upper  part  of  the- 
body. 

ANARRHOPHE,  Absorption. 

ANARRHOPHENU'SI  ;  from  anarrhopJie, 
'  absorption,'  and  vovaos,  '  disease.'  Diseases  of 
the  absorbents. 

ANARRHOPHESIS,  Absorption. 

ANARRHOPIA,  Anarrhoja. 

ANAR'THRUS,  from  av,  priv.,  and  ap^pov,  '  a 
joint.'  AVithout  a  joint.  One  who  is  so  fat  that 
his  joints  are  scarcely  perceptible — Hipp. 

ANASAR'CA,  from  ava,  'through/  and  aap^, 
'  the  flesh.'  Anasarch' a,  Cataaar'ca,  Aqua  inter- 
ctcs  seu  inter  cittern,  Hyposar' ca.  Hydrops  celln- 
la'ria  totius  cor'j>oris,  H.  Anasar'ca,  H.  inter'cits 
seu  suhcuta'neua  seu  eellulo'sns  seu  euta'nciis  seu 
tela  cellnlo' s(B,  Kataaar'ca,  Ejnsarcid'iivm,  Hy'- 
deros,  Hydaton'cus,  Hyderon'cus,  Hydron'cus, 
Hydrosar'ca,  Hydroder'ma,  Mydrop'isis  vera, 
Sar'cites,  Polylym'phia,  Hyposarcid' ius,  Leuco- 
plilegma' tia,  General  dropsy.  Dropsy  of  the  cel- 
lular membrane,  (F.)  Anasarqtie.  Commonly,  it 
begins  to  manifest  itself  by  swelling  around  the 
ankles;  and  is  characterized  by  tumefaction  of 
the  limbs  and  of  the  soft  parts  covering  the  ab- 
domen, thorax,  and  even  the  face,  with  paleness 
and  dryness  of  the  skin,  and  pitting  when  any 
of  these  (especially  the  ankles)  are  pressed  upon. 
Like  dropsy  in  general.  Anasarca  may  be  active 
or  passive;  and  its  treatment  must  be  regulated 
by  the  rules  that  are  applicable  to  general  dropsy. 
At  times,  the  symptoms  are  of  an  acute  character, 
and  the  effusion  sudden,  constituting  Derma- 
toch'ysis,  Hydrops  Anasar'ca  acu'tiis,  CEde'vra 
cal'idum,  CE.  acu'tum,  (E.  febri'le  of  some.  See 
Hydrops. 

Anasarca  .HYSTEKictrir,  Anathymiasis  —  a. 
Pulmonum,  Hydropneumonia,  ffidema  of  the 
Lungs  —  a.  Serosa,  Phlegm atia  dolens. 

ANASARCHA,  Anasarca. 

ANASARQUE,  Anasarca. 

ANASISMUS,  Concussion. 

ANASPADIA,  see  Anaspadiseus. 

ANASPA'DIAS,  Epispa'dias,  from  ava,  'up- 
wards,' and  ciraut,  '  I  draw.'  One  whose  urethra 
opens  on  the  upper  surface  of  the  penis. 

ANASPADISIS,  see  Anaspadiseus. 

ANASPADISMUS,  see  Anaspadi^us. 

ANAS'PASIS,  Anaspasm'vs,  from  avatrrato,  'I 
contract.'  Retrac'tio.  Contraction,  especially  of 
the  bowels.  The  condition  is  called  Anasjm'din, 
Anaspad'isis,  and  Anaspadis'mns — Hippocrates. 

ANASPASMUS,  Anaspasis. 

ANASSA,  Bromelia  ananas. 

ANASTiTLTICA,  Styptics. 

ANASTASIS,  Anarrhoea.  Also,  restoration 
from  sickness.     Convalescence. 

ANASTCECHEIO'SIS,  from  ava,  'again/  and 
oTotyciov,  'element.'  Reelementa'tio.  Resolu- 
tion of  a  body  or  its  parts  into  their  elements — 
Galen. 

ANASTOMO'SIS,  from  ava,  'with/  and  oro/ua, 
'a  mouth.'  Inoseula'tio  seu  Rcu'nio  vaso'ntm, 
Exanastomo'sis,  Concur'sns,  (F.)  Ahonchement. 
Communication  between  two  vessels.  By  consi- 
dering the  nerves  to  be  channels,  in  which  a 
nervous  fluid  circulates,  their  communication  like- 
wise has  been  called  Anastomosis.  'Ry  means  of 
anastomoses,  if  the  course  of  a  fluid  be  arrested 
in  one  vessel,  it  can  proceed  along  others. 


ANASTOMOTICS 


71 


ANCHUSA  ANGUSTIFOLIA 


Ajtastomosis  Aneurismatica,  Telangiectasia 
■ — a.  Jaeobson's  ; — see  Petrosal  ganglion. 

ANASTOMOT'ICS,  Anastomot'ica.  Same  ety- 
mon. Certain  medicines  were  formerly  so  called, 
which  were  believed  to  be  capable  of  opening  the 
mouths  of  vessels  : — as  aperients,  diuretics,  Ac. 

ANASTOMOT'ICUS  MAGNUS,  (RAMUS,) 
(F.)  Artere  collaterale  interne,  A.  coUaterale  du 
coude,  is  a  branch  of  the  brachial  artery  which 
comes  off  a  little  above  the  elbow,  and  bestows 
branches  to  the  brachialis  internus,  to  the  under 
edge  of  the  triceps,  and  to  the  muscles,  ligaments, 
<fcc.,  about  the  elbow  joint.  See,  also,  Articular 
arteries  of  the  knee. 

ANA  STROPHE  UTERI,  Inversio  uteri. 

ANATASIS,  Extension. 

ANATHYMIAMA,  Anathymiasis. 

ANATHYMI'ASIS,  Anathymi'ama,  from  ava, 
'upwards,'  and  Qvfia,  'fumigation.'  CEde'mafu- 
gax,  CEde'ma  spa-s'tieum,  Qjjde'ma  hyster' icum, 
Anasar'ca  hyster'icwn.  An  uncertain  and  tran- 
sient swelling  or  inflation,  said  to  have  been  ob- 
served at  times  in  nervous  and  hysterical  per- 
sons. It  also  means  Exhalation,  Fumigation,  and 
Hypochondriasis. 

ANATOLE  UNGUIUM,  see  Nail. 

ANATOME,  Anatomy  —  a.  Animata,  Physi- 
ology. 

AN  ATOMIA,  Anatomy — a.  Animalis,  Zootomy 
— a.  Comparata,  Zootomy — a.  Comparativa,  Zo- 
otomy— a.  Viva,  Physiology. 

ANATOMIE,  Anatomy  —  a.  Chirurgicale,  see 
Anatomy — a.  des  Jtegions,  see  Anatomy. 

ANAT'OMIST,  Anatom'icm.  One  who  oc- 
cupies himself  with  anatomy.  One  versed  in 
Anatomy. 

ANAT'OMY,  Anat'ome,  Anatom'ia,  Prosec'tio, 
from  ava,  and  Tejtvuv,  'to  cut,'  (P.)  Anatomie. 
The  word  Anatomy  properly  signifies  dissection  ; 
but  it  has  been  appropriated  to  the  study  and 
knowledge  of  the  number,  shape,  situation,  struc- 
ture, and  connexion,— in  a  word,  of  all  the  appa- 
rent properties  of  organized  bodies.  Anatomy  is 
the  science  of  organization.  Some  have  given  the 
term  a  still  more  extended  acceptation,  applying 
it  to  every  mechanical  decomposition,  even  of  in- 
organic bodies.  Thus,  Crystallography  has  been 
termed  the  Anatomy  of  crystallized  minerals. 
Anatomy  has  also  been  called  3Iorphol'ogy,  So- 
matol'ogy,  Somatot'omy,  OrganoVogy,  &c.  It  as- 
sumes different  names  according  as  the  study  is 
confined  to  one  organized  being,  or  to  a  species  or 
class  of  beings.  Tlhns,  Androt' omy ,  or  Anthropot' - 
omy,  or  Anthropog'raphy,  or  Antkropoeomatol'ogy, 
is  the  Ariatomy  of  man: — Zootomy,  that  of  the  o^her 
species  of  the  animal  kingdom  :  and  Vef'erinary 
Anat'omy  is  the  anatomy  of  domestic  animals  : 
but  when  the  word  is  used  abstractly,  it  means 
human  Anatomy,  and  particularly  the  study  of 
tlie  organs  in  a  physiological  or  healthy  state. 
Physiological  Anatomy  is  occasionally  used  to 
signify  the  kind  of  anatomy  which  investigates 
structure  with  a  special  view  to  function.  The 
Anatomy  of  the  diseased  human  body  is  called 
Pa,tholog"ical  or  Morhid  Anatomy,  and  when  ap- 
plied to  Medical  Jurisprudence,  Foren'sic  Anat- 
omy. Several  of  the  organs  possessing  a  simi- 
larity of  structure,  and  being  formed  of  the  same 
tissues,  they  have  been  grouped  into  Systems  or 
Genera  of  Organs  ;  and  the  study  of,  or  acquaint- 
ance with,  such  systems,  has  been  called  General 
Anat'omy,  Histol'ogy,  or  llorphot'omy,  whilst  the 
etudy  of  each  organ  in  particular  has  been  termed 
Descriptive  Anatomy.  Histology  is,  however,  more 
frequently  applied  to  the  Anatomy  of  the  Tissues, 
which  is  called,  also,  Tex'tural  and  Microscopic 
Anatomy.  Descriptive  Anatomy  has  been  di- 
vided into  Skeletol'ogy  which  comprises  OsteoV- 


ogy,  and  SyndesmoV ogy ;  and  into  SarcoVogy, 
which  is  subdivided  into  Myol'ogy,  JVeurol'ogy, 
Angiol'ogy,  Adenol'ogy,  Sphinchnol'ogy,  andJjer- 
mol'ogy.  Sur'gical  Anat'omy,  3fed ico-Chiurgicul 
Anatomy,  TopograjMical  Anat'omy,  lie'gionnl 
Anat'omy,  (F.)  Anatomie  Ghiurgicale,  A.  deu  Hc- 
gions,  is  the  particular  and  relative  study  of  the 
bones,  muscles,  nerves,  vessels,  &c.,  with  which 
it  is  indispensable  to  be  acquainted  before  per- 
forming operations.  Compiar' ative  A'lat'omy  is 
the  comparative  study  of  each  organ,  with  a  view 
to  an  acquaintance  with  the  modifications  of  its 
structure  in  different  animals  or  in  the  different 
classes  of  animals.  Transcendent' al  or  Ph  ilosop>h  '- 
ical  Anatomy  inquires  into  the  mode,  plan,  or 
model  upon  which  the  animal  frame  or  organs 
{ire  formed;  &TiA.  Artificial  Anat'omy  is  the  art 
of  modelling  and  representing  in  wax  or  other 
substance,  the  different  organs  or  different  part^ 
of  the  human  body,  in  the  sound  or  diseased  state. 
Phytot'omy  is  the  anatomy  of  vegetables,  and 
Picto'rial  Anatomy,  anatomy  artistically  illus- 
trated. 

Anatomy,  Artificial,  see  Anatomy— a.  Com- 
parative, see  Anatomy,  Zootomy- — a.  Descriptive, 
see  Anatomy — a.  Forensic,  see  Anatomy — a.  Ge- 
neral, see  Anatomy — a.  Human,  see  Anatomy — 
a.  of  Man,  see  Anatomy — a.  Medico-ehirurgical, 
see  Anatomy — a.  Microscopic,  see  Anatomy — a. 
Morbid,  see  Anatomy — a.  Pathological,  see  Anat- 
omy— a.  Philosophical,  see  Anatomy — a.  Physi- 
ological, see  Anatomy — a.  Pictorial,  see  Anatomy 
— a.  Practical,  see  Dissection — a.  Regional,  sea 
Anatomy — a.  Surgical,  see  Anatomy — a.  Tex- 
tural,  see  Anatomy — a.  Topographical,  see  Anat- 
omy— a.  Transcendental,  see  Anatomy — a.  Vet- 
erinary, see  Anatomy. 

ANATON,  Soda. 

ANATREPSIS,  Restauratio. 

ANATRESIS,  Perforation,  Trepanning.     ' 

ANATRIBE.  Friction. 

ANATRIPSIS,  Friction. 

ANATRIPSOL'OGY,  Anatripsolog"ia,  Ana- 
triptolog" ia,  from  avarpiipci;,  '  friction,'  and  Aoyoj, 
'  a  discourse.'  A  treatise  on  friction  as  a  re- 
medy. 

ANATRIPTOLOGIA,  An  atrip  sology. 

ANATRON,  Natrum,  Soda. 

ANAT'ROPE,  from  ava,  'upwards,'  and  rpc-xia, 
'  I  turn.'  Subversion.  A  turning  or  subver- 
sion or  inverted  action  of  the  stomach,  charac- 
terized by  nausea,  vomiting,  &c.  —  Galen.  We 
still  speak  of  the  stomach  turning  against  any 
thing. 

ANAUDIA,  Catalepsy,  Mutitas. 

ANAXYRIS,  Rumex  acetosa. 

ANAZESIS,  Ebullition. 

ANAZOTURIA,  see  Urine. 

ANCHA,  Haunch. 

ANCHILOPS,  ^gilops. 

ANCHORALIS  PROCESSUS,  Coracoid. 

ANCHUSA  ANGUSTIFOLIA,  A.  Officinalis 
— a.  Incarnata,  A.  Officinalis — a.  Lycopsoides,  A. 
Officinalis. 

Anchu'sA  Opficinalis,  a.  Angustifo'lia  seu 
Incarna'ta  seu  LycopsoVdes,  Alca'na,  Lingua 
Boris,  Buglos' sum  sylves'tre,  Offic"inal  or  Garden 
Al'hanet  or  Bugloss ;  iS'a*.  Orrf.  Boragineee.  Sca-. 
Syst.  Pentandria  Monogynia.  (F.)  Buglose. 
A  native  of  Great  Britain.  The  herb  was  for- 
merly esteemed  as  a  cordial  in  melancholia  an<l 
hypochondriasis;  but  it  is  now  rarely  used.  It 
is  also  called  Buglos'sa,  Buglos' sum  angustifo'- 
liiim  majus,  B.  vidga're  majus,  B.  sati'vinn. 

Anchit'sA  Tincto'eia,  Alcan'na  spu'ria.  Dy- 
er's Bugloss,  Ane'bivm,  Buglos'sum  Tincto'rvm, 
Lithosper' mum  villo'sum,  Dyer's-  Al'hanet,  'T  ) 
.  Orcanette.     A  European   plant.      Ihe    \aediral 


ANCHYLOSIS 


72 


ANEMONE  DES  BOIS 


properties   are  equivocal.     It  is  used  to  give  a 
beautiful  red  colour  to  ointments. 

ANCHYLOSIS,  Ankylosis. 

ANCISTRON,  Hamulus. 

ANOOLIE,  Aquilegia  vulgaris. 

ANCOISr,  Elbow,  Olecranon. 

ANCONAD,  see  Anconal  Aspect. 

ANGONAGRA,  Pechyagra. 

ANCO'NAL;  from  ayKtav,  'the  elbow.'  Relat- 
ing, or  appertaining  to,  the  elbow  or  the  olecranon. 

A>fcoNAL  Aspect.  An  aspect  towards  the  side 
on  which  the  ancon  or  elbow  is  situated. — Bar- 
clay. Anco'nad  is  used  by  the  same  writer  ad- 
verbially, to  signify  'towards  the  anconal  aspect.' 

ANOONE,  Anconeus. 

ANCQNE'US,  from  ayKav,  'the  elbow.'  A  term 
once  applied  to  every  muscle  attached  to  the  ole- 
cranon. Winslow  distinguished  four : — the  great, 
external,  internal,  and  small ;  the  first  three  being 
portions  of  the  same  muscle,  the  triceps  hraclda- 
lis.  The  last  has,  alone,  retained  the  name.  It 
is  the  Ancone'iis  minor  of  Winslow,  the  Ancone'tis 
vel  Cuhita'lis  Riola'ni  of  Douglas,  the  Epicon- 
dylo-Guhita'lia  of  Chaussier,  the  Brevia  Vw'biti, 
{¥.)  AnconS,  and  is  sitnate  at  the  upper  and  back 
part  of  the  fore-arm.  It  arises  from  the  external 
condyle  of  the  os  humeri,  and  is  inserted  into 
1he  posterior  edge  of  the  upper  third  of  the  ulna. 
Its  use  is  to  aid  in  the  extension  of  the  fore-arm. 

Anconetjs  Externus,  see  Triceps  extensor 
cubiti  —  a.  Internus,  see  Triceps  extensor  cubiti 
' — a.  Major,  see  Triceps  extensor  cubiti. 

ANCTE'RES.  Fibula  or  Olaspa,  by  which 
the  lips  of  wounds  were  formerly  kept  together. 
—  Celsus,  Galen. 

ANCTERIASMUS,  Infibulation. 

ANCU'BITUS,  Petri/ac'tio.  An  affection  of 
the  eye,  in  which  there  is  a  sensation  as  if  sand 
were  irritating  the  organ. 

ANCUNNUEN'T^.  A  name  formerly  given 
to  menstruating  females. 

ANGUS,  Ankus,  from  ayKoiv,  'the  elbow.'  One 
who  cannot  extend  his  arms  completely. 

Also,  the  deformity  resulting  from  a  luxation 
of  the  humerus  or  fore-arm.  —  Hippocrates. 

ANGYLB,  Ankylosis. 

ANGYLOBLEPHARON,  Ankyloblepharon. 

ANCYLODERE,  Torticollis. 

ANCYLODERIS,  Torticollis. 

ANCYLODONTIA,  Ankylodontia, 

ANGYLOGLOSSIA,  Ankyloglossia. 

ANGYLOMELE,  Ankylomele. 

ANCYLOMERISMUS,  Ankylomerismus. 

ANGYLOSIS,  Ankylosis. 

ANGYLOTOMUS,  Ankylotomus. 

ANGYRA,  Hook. 

ANGYROID  GAVITY,  Digital  cavity. 

ANGYROIDES  PROCESSUS,  Coracoid. 

AND  A.  A  tree  of  Brazil; — Anda  Gome'sii, 
Joanne'sia  prineeps.  Nat.  Ord.  Euphorbia cese. 
Sex.  Syst.  Monoecia  Monadelphia.  An  oil  is 
obtained  from  the  seeds  by  pressure,  50  to  60 
drops  of  which  act  as  a  cathartic.  The  fruit  is 
an  oval  nut,  containing  two  seeds.  These  have 
the  taste  of  the  chestnut;  but  are  strongly  ca- 
thartic, and  even  emetic.  The  shell  is  astrin- 
gent, and  is  used  as  such  in  diarrhoea,  <fce. 

ANDELY,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  An- 
(lely  is  in  France,  near  Gysore,  and  eight  leagues 
from  Piouen.  The  water  is  cold,  and  a  weak  cha- 
lybeate. It  is  used  in  chlorosis  and  abdominal 
sbstructioi.^. 

ANDERSON'S  PILLS,  Pilulae  Aloes  et  Ja- 
iapa3. 

ANDIRA  IBAI,  Geoffraea  Vermifuga— a.  In- 

rrmis,  Geoffrtea  inermis — a.  Racemosa,  Gcoffrpea 

'uerniis — a.  Surinamcnsis,  GeoflFrasaSurinamensis. 

ANDRAGHAIIARA,  Sempervivum  tectorura. 


ANDRAGHNE,  Arbutus  unedo,  Portulaca. 

ANDRANATOM'IA,  Andranat'ome,  Andro- 
tom'ia,  Androt'ome,  Anthropot'oniy,  from  avnp, 
genitive  avSpo;, '  a  man,'  and  TCfjivuv,  'to  cut.'  TLe 
anatomy  of  man. 

ANDRI'A.    Adult  age.     Manhood. 

Andri'a  Mu'lier,  Mulier  Hermaphrodii'lc-o. 
A  female  hermaphrodite. 

ANDROGEN'IA,  from  avrip,  'man,'  ani  yn'tetc, 
'generation.'  The  procreation  of  males.  —  Hip- 
pocrates. 

ANDROG"YNUS,  from  avrjp,  'a  man,'  .and 
yvvri,  '  a  woman.'  A  hermaphrodite.  An  effe- 
minate person.  —  Hippocrates. 

ANDROLEPSIA,  Conception. 

ANDROMANIA,  Nymphomania. 

ANDROM'EDA  ARBO'REA,  Sorrel  Trtt, 
Sour  Tree,  Sour  Wood,  Elk  Tree,  Elk  Wood, 
Sorrel  Wood,  Sour  Leaf,  (F.)  Andromedier.  A 
small  indigenous  tree;  Nat.  Ord.  Ericese,  Seit. 
Syst.  Decandria  Monogynia;  found  in  the  Alle- 
ghany Mountains  and  the  hills  and  valleys  di- 
verging from  them,  as  far  as  the  southern  limits 
of  Georgia  and  Alabama;  but  seldom  north  of 
Virginia.  The  leaves  are  refrigerant  and  astrin- 
gent, and  have  been  used  to  make  a  kind  of  le- 
monade, which  has  been  given  in  fevers. 

Androm'eda  Maeia'na,  Broad-leaved  Moor- 
wort.  A  decoction  of  this  American  plant  is 
said  to  have  been  successfully  employed  as  a 
wash,  in  a  disagreeable  affection, — ^not  uncommon 
amongst  the  slaves  in  the  southern  parts  of  the 
United  States, — called  the  Toe  Itch,  and  Ground 
Itch. — Barton. 

ANDROPOGON  BICORNIS,  Juncus  odoratus 
— a.  Citratus,  Juncus  odoratus — a.  Citriodorup, 
Juncus  odoratus,  Nardus  Indica — a.  Nardus,  Ca- 
lamus Alexandrinus,  Nardus  Indica  —  a.  Sehoe- 
nanthus,  Juncus  odoratus. 

ANDROSAGE,  Umbilicus  marinus  —  a.  Mat- 
thioli.  Umbilicus  marinus. 

ANDROSiEMUM,  Hypericum  perforatum. 

ANDROTOMY,  Andranatomia. 

ANDRUM.  An  East  India  word,  latinized 
by  Kaempfer,  signifying  a  kind  of  elephantiasis 
of  the  scrotum,  endemic  in  southern  Asia. 

ANEANTlSSEiMENT  (¥.),  Vir'imi  extim'- 
tio.  This  word  is  often  employed  hyperbolically, 
by  patients  in  France,  to  signify  excessive  fatigue, 
debility  or  syncope. 

ANEBIUM,  Anchusa  tinctoria. 

ANEBUS,  Impuber. 

ANECPYE'TUS,  from  av,  for  avcv,  'without,' 
and  TTucw,  'I  promote  suppuration.'  That  which 
does  not  suppurate,  or  is  not  likely  to  suppurate. 

ANEGER'TICA,  from  avtysipo>,  'I  awaken.' 
The  art  of  resuscitating  the  apparently  dead. 

ANEILE'MA,  Aneile'sis,  from  avtiXtaOai,  'to 
be  rolled  upwards.'  Applied  particularly  to  the 
motion  of  air  in  the  intestines  and  the  tormina 
accompanying  it.' —  Hippocrates. 

ANEILESIS,  Aneilema. 

ANEMIA,  Anaamia. 

ANEMO'NE.  The  Wind  Flotoer :  from  avtiio^, 
'  the  wind,'  because  it  does  not  open  its  flowers 
until  blown  upon  by  the  wind. 

ANEMONE  BBS  BOIS,  Anemone  nemo- 
rosa. 

Anemone  Colijna.  A.  Pulsatilla — a.  Hepat'ioa, 
Hepatica  triloba — a.  Intermedia,  A.  Pulsatilla, 

Anemo'ne  Nemoro'sa,  Briniai'ci<his  a/bvs  sen 
nemoro'sxiK,  Wood  a)iem'o)iy,  (F.)  Anemone  des 
bois.  The  herb  and  flowers  are  poisonous,  acrid, 
and  corrosive.  They  have  been  used  as  rube- 
facients. 

Anemo'nr  Praten'sis,  A.  Sylvcs'tris,  Ptilsatil'~ 
la  ni'(/rican.s  seu  praten'sis.     This  plant  has  si- 


ANEMONY 


ANEURISM 


milar  properties  with  the  last.  It  is  also  called. 
Meadow  Anemony,  (P.)  Pulsatille  noire,  P.  des 
pres. 

Anemo'ne  Pulsatill'la,  a.  Colli'na  seu  In- 
tenne'dia  seu  Praten'sis  seu  Rubra,  Pulsatil'la 
rulga'ris,  Herha  ventis,  Nola  culina'ria,  Pasque 
jiower,  (F.)  Ooquelourde,  possesses  like  proper- 
tie.-J. 

Anemone  Rubra,  A.  Pratensis — a.  Rue-leaved, 
Thalictruiu  anemonoides — a.  Sylvestris,  A.  Pra- 
t€usis. 

ANEMONY,  Anemone  hepatica  —  a.  Meadow, 
Anemone  pratensis — a.Wood,  Anemone  nemorosa. 

ANEM03,  Wind. 

ANENCEPHALIA,  see  Anencephalus. 

ANENCEPHAL  0  TR  OP  HIE,  from  av,  priva- 
tive; £y/c£0aXof,  'the  encephalon,'  and  Tpoipr;,  'nou- 
rishment.'    Atrophy  of  the  encephalon. 

ANENCEPH'ALUS,  from  a,  privative,  and 
eyK€(pa\o?,  'brain.'  A  monster  devoid  of  brain. 
— Bonetus.  Gr.  St.  Hilaire.  Also  one  that  has 
a  part  only  of  the  brain; — Paraceph'alus.  The 
condition  has  been  called  Anencephal' ia.  A  weak, 
silly  person. — Hippocrates. 

ANENERGESIA,  Debility. 

ANENERGIA,  Debility. 

ANENTERONERVIA,  Colic 

ANEPISCHESIS,  Incontinentia. 

ANEPITHYM'IA,  from  a,  priv.,  and  crt^ufiia, 
'desire.'  Many  nosologists  have  used  this  word 
for  a  loss  of  the  appetites,  as  of  those  of  hunger, 
thirst,  venery,  &c. 

Anepithymia  Chloeosis,  Chlorosis. 

ANER.  ai'7;fi,  genitive  avi^oq.     A  man. 

ANERETHIS'IA,  InirritahW itas,  from  a,  priv., 
and  tpzOiaii,  'irritability.'     Defect  of  irritability. 

—  Swediaur. 

ANERYTHROP'SIA,  from  av,  priv.,  tpvSrpo?, 
'  red,'  and  oirat;,  'vision.'  Defective  vision,  which 
consists  in  an  incapability  of  distinguishing  red. 

ANESIS,  Remission. 

ANESTHESIE,  Ansesthesia. 

ANESTHESIE  EXT  A  TIQ  UE.  The  aggre- 
gate of  phenomena  of  impaired  feeling  produced 
especially  by  the  manipulations  of  the  animal 
magnetizer. — Andral. 

ANESTHETIC,  Ansesthetic. 

ANESTHESIQUE,  AnEesthetie. 

ANESTHETIZATION,  Ansesthetization. 

ANESON,  Anethum. 

ANESUM,  Pimpinella  anisum. 

ANET,  Anethum. 

ANETH,  Anethum  graveolens. 

ANE'THUM,  Ane'son,  Ane'ton,  Ane'ihum  Foa- 
nic'ulum  seu  Sege'tum  seu  Piper i' turn, Foenic'ulian, 
F.  Officinale,  F.  vulga're,  F.  Dtdce,  Ligus'tieum 
fccnie'idum,  Fan'eulum,  Fennel  or  Finekle,  Mar'- 
athrum,  Anet,  Sweet  Fennel,  (F.)  Fenouil  ou 
Anis  doiix.  Nat.  Ord.  UmbelliferEe.  Sex.  Si/st. 
Pentandria  Digynia.  The  seeds  Faenic'tdiim, 
(Ph.  U.  S.)  have  an  aromatic  odour,  and  warm, 
sweetish  taste.     They  are  carminative.     The  oil 

—  Oleiim  Faenic'xdi  —  is  officinal  in  the  Ph.U.  S. 
The  root  is  said  to  be  pectoral  and  diuretic. 

Anethum  Fceniculum,  Anethum. 

Ane'thum  Graveolens,  Anethum,  Pastina'ca 
Anethum  seu  Graveolens,  Fer'ula  Graveolens,  A. 
hnrten'se,  Dill,  (F.)  Aneth,  Fenouil puant.  A  na- 
tive of  the  south  of  Europe.  The  seeds  are  sti- 
mulant and  carminative.     Dose,  gr.  xv  to  ^ij- 

Oleum  Ane'thi,  Oil  of  Dill,  (F.)  Huile  d' Aneth, 
possesses  the  carminative  properties  of  the  plant. 

Anethum  Pastinaca,  Pastinaca  Sativa  —  a. 
Piperitum,  Anethum — a.  Segetum,  Anethum. 

ANETICUS,  Anodyne. 

ANETON,  Anethum. 


ANETUS,  Intermittent  fever  —  a.  Quavtanus, 
Quartan  —  a.  Quotidianus,  Quotidian — a.  Tertiib- 
nus.  Tertian  fever. 

ANEURAL'GTCON,  from  o,  privative,  vtvpor, 
'nerve;'  and  aXyos,  'pain.'  A  name  given  by  Dr. 
C.  T.  Downing  to  an  instrument  used  by  him  to 
allay  pain  in  nerves.  It  is  a  kind  of  fumigating 
apparatus,  in  which  di-ied  narcotic  and  other 
herbs  are  burnt,  the  heated  vapour  being  directed 
to  any  part  of  the  body. 

AN'EURISM,  Aneurys'ma,Aneurys'mu8,Aneu- 
ris'ma,  Oedma,  from  avevpvvuv,  'to  dilate  or  dis- 
tend.' Dilata'tio  Arteria'rum,  Ecta'sia,  Embo- 
rys'ma,  Exangi'a  aneuris'ma,  Arierieurys'ma,  Ar- 
terenrys'ma,  ffcsmatoce'le  arterio'sa,  Absces'si'3 
spirituo'sus,  Arteriec'tasis,  (F.)  Anevrysme,  Ayieu- 
risme.  Properly,  Aneurism  signifies  a  tumour, 
produced  by  the  dilatation  of  an  artery ;  but  it  has 
been  extended  to  various  lesions  of  arteries,  as 
well  as  to  dilatations  of  the  heart. 

There  are  various  kinds  of  aneurism.  The  fol- 
lowing are  the  chief. 

I.  When  the  blood,  which  forms  the  tumour,  ia 
enclosed  within  the  dilated  coats  of  the  artery. 
This  is  the  true  Aneurism,  Aneurys'ma  verum, 
Hernia  Arteria'rum,  (F.)  Anevrysme  vrai. 

II.  When  the  blood  has  escaped  from  the 
opened  artery,  it  is  called  spurious  or  false 
Aneurism,  Aneuris'ma  spu'ritim,  Ruptu'ra  Arte'- 
ricB,  Arteriorrhex'is,  Arteriodial'ysis,  Ecchymo'- 
ma  arterio'sjmi,  (F.)  Anevrysme  faux.  The  latter 
is  divided  into  three  varieties. 

1.  Diffused  False  Aneurism,  (F.)  Anevrysme 
faux,  primitif,  diffus,  noncirconserit  ou  par  infil- 
tration, which  occurs  immediately  after  the  divi- 
sion or  rupture  of  an  artery,  and  consists  of  an 
extravasation  of  blood  into  the  areolar  texture 
of  the  part. 

2.  Circumscribed  False  Aneurism,  (F.)  Anev- 
rysme, faux  consicutif  circonscrit  on  par  epanche- 
ment,  enkysiS  ou  sacciforme,  tumeur  hhnorrhagiale 
circonscrite,  in  which  the  blood  issues  from  tho 
vessel  some  time  after  the  receipt  of  the  wound, 
and  forms  itself  a  sac  in  the  neighbouring  areolar 
membrane. 

3.  An'eurism  by  Anastomo'sis,  or  Var'icose  An' 
eurism,  Phlebarteriodial'ysis,  Aneurys'ma  veno'- 
80-arterio'sum,  A.  varico'sum,  (F.)  Anevrysme  par 
a7iastomose  ou  variqueux,  A.  par  erosion,  A.  dc 
Pott,  A.  des  plus  petites  arteres,  which  arises  from 
the  simultaneous  wounding  of  an  artery  and 
vein; — the  arterial  blood  passing  into  the  vein, 
and  producing  a  varicose  state  of  it. 

III.  Mixed  Aneurism,  (F.)  Anevrysme  mixte, 
is  that  which  arises  from  the  dilatation  of  one  or 
two  of  the  coats,  with  division  or  rupture  of  the 
other.  Some  authors  have  made  two  varieties 
of  this. 

1.  Mixed  external  Aneurism,  where  the  internal 
and  middle  coats  are  ruptured,  and  the  areolar 
is  dilated. 

2.  Mixed  internal  Aneurism,  in  which  the  in- 
ternal coat  is  dilated,  and  protrudes,  like  a  hernial 
sac,  through  the  ruptured  middle  and  outer  coats. 
This  variety  has  been  called  Aneurys'ma  Her'. 
niam  Arte'rim  sistens. 

Aneurisms  have  been  likewise  termed  trau^ 
mat'io  and  sponta'neons,  according  as  they  may 
have  been  caused  by  a  wound,  or  have  originate(( 
spontaneously.  They  have  also  been  divided 
into  interned  and  external. 

The  internal  aneurisms  are  situate  in  the  great 
splanchnic  cavities,  and  occur  in  the  heart  ami 
great  vessels  of  the  chest,  abdomen,  <tc.  Tlieir 
diagnosis  is  difficult,  and  they  are  often  inacces- 
sible  to  surgical  treatment. 

The  external  aneurisms  are  situate  pi  the  exi^ 


ANEURISMA 


U 


ANGEIORB,H(EA 


rior  of  the  tead,  neck,  and  limbs,  and  are  dis- 
tinctly pulsatory. 

Aneurisms,  especially  the  internal,  may  he 
■sombat-ed  by  a  debilitant  treatment,  on  the  plan 
of  Valsalva,  which  consists  in  repeated  blood- 
letting, vrith  food  enough  merely  to  support  life. 
In  external  aneurism,  the  artery  can  be  oblite- 
rated. This  is  usually  done  by  applying  a  liga- 
ture above  the  aneurismal  tumour. 

An'eurism,  Dissecting,  is  one  in  which,  owing 
to  rupture  of  the  inner  and  middle  coats  of  an 
artery,  the  blood  makes  itself  a  channel  between 
these  coats  and  the  outer  coat. 

In  many  cases,  the  lesion  appears  to  consist  in 
a  separation  of  the  laminae  of  the  middle  coat, 
between  which  the  blood  forms  itself  a  channel. 

Aneurisms  of  the  Heart,  Cardion'ehi,  Car- 
dienrys'ma,  (F.)  Anevrysmes  du  cce)ir,  have  been 
divided  into  active  and  passive.  The  former  can 
scarcely  be  esteemed  aneurisms,  as  they  most 
eommonlj'  consist  of  increased  thickness  of  the 
parietes  of  the  heart,  which  diminishes  its  cavity 
instead  of  increasing  it.  The  term  Hypertrophy 
of  the  heart,  better  indicates  their  character. 
Passive  uneurism,  Oardiee'tasis,  on  the  contrar}', 
is  attended  with  extenuation  of  the  parietes  of 
the  organ,  and  enlargement  of  the  cavities.  The 
physical  signs  of  dilatation  of  the  heart  are  the 
following  : — The  action  of  the  heart  is  not  visible, 
and  no  impulse  is  conveyed  to  the  hand.  On 
percussion,  there  is  a  loss  of  resonance  over  a 
larger  surface  than  usual,  but  the  dulness  is  much 
less  intense  than  that  which  accompanies  hyper- 
trophy. On  auscultation,  the  action  of  the  heart 
is  only  slightly  felt,  and  communicates  at  once 
the  impression  of  its  diminished  power.  The 
impulse  is  feebler  than  usual.  Both  sounds  are 
widely  transmitted  over  the  thorax,  and  are  not 
much  fainter  at  a  distance  from  their  point  of 
origin. 

Partial  or  true  aneurism  of  the  heart — Oardi- 
ee'tasis partia'lis,  Aneurys'ma  consecuti'vum  cor- 
dis, is  sometimes  seen, — rarely,  however. 

The  name  Aneurisin  of  tlie  Valves  of  the  heart 
has  been  given  to  pouch-like  projections  of  the 
valves  into  the  auricles. 

Aneurism  by  Anastomosis,  see  Aneurism  — 
a.  Erasdor's  operation  for,  see  Brasdor — a.  Ex- 
ternal, see  Aneurism — a.  False,  see  Aneurism — 
a.  False,  circumscribed,  see  Aneurism  —  a.  False, 
diffused,  see  Aneurism — a.  Internal,  see  Aneurism 
— a.  Mixed,  see  Aneurism — a.  Mixed,  external,  see 
Aneurism — a.  Mixed,  internal,  see  Aneurism — a. 
Spontaneous,  see  Aneurism — a.  Spurious,  see 
Aneurism — a.  Traumatic,  see  Aneurism — a.  True, 
see  Aneurism — a.  Valsalva's  method  of  treating, 
see  Aneurism — -a.  Varicose,  see  Aneurism. 

ANEURISM  A,  Aneurism. 

ANEURIS'MAL,  Aneurys'mal,  Aneurismat'ic, 
Aneurysmat'icus,  Aneurisma'lis.  That  which  be- 
longs to  Aneurism. 

Aneurismal  Sac  or  Cyst,  (F.)  iS'ac  ou  Kyste 
anevrysmal,  is  a  sort  of  pouch,  formed  by  the 
dilatation  of  the  coats  of  an  artery,  in  which  the 
blood,  forming  the  aneurismal  tumour,  is  con- 
tained. 

ANEUKISMATIC,  Aneurismal. 

ANEURYSM,  Aneurism. 

ANEURYSMA,  Aneurism — a.  Cordis  activum, 
Qeart,  hypertrophy  of  the  —  a.  Ilerniam  arterias 
sistens,  see  Aneurism — a.  Spurium,  see  Aneurism 
--II.  Varicosum,  see  Aneurism  —  a.  Venoso-arte- 
<*iosum,  see  Aneurism  —  a.  Verum,  see  Aneurism. 

ANEUR  YSME,  Aneurism. 

ANEURYSMUS,  Aneurism,  Dilatation. 

ANJEVRYSME,  Aneurism  — «.  de  VAorte, 
Aorteurysma — a.  Circonscrit,  see  Aneurism — a. 
ie  Pott,  see  Aneurism — a.  des  Plus  petites  arteres, 


see  Aneurism  —  a.  Diffus,  see  Aneurism  —  a.  En~ 
kyste,  see  Aneurism  —  a.  Faux,  see  Aneurism  — 
o.  Faux  cousecutif,  see  Aneurism  —  a.  3]i.r*e,  see 
Aneurism — a.  par  Anastomose,  see  Aneurism — o. 
par  JEpanchement,  see  Aneurism — a.  par  Erosion, 
see  Aneurism  —  a.  par  Infiltration,  see  Aneurism 
a.  Primitif,  see  Aneurism- — a.  Sacciforme,  see 
Aneurism — a.Variqueux,  see  Aneurism — a.Vrai, 
see  Aneurism. 

ANFION,  Maslach. 

ANFRACTUOSITJES  GEREBRALES,  An- 
fractuosities,  cerebral — a.  Ethmo'idales,  see  An- 
fractuosity. 

ANFRACTUOS'ITY,  Anfrac'tm,  Gyrus,  from 
am,  'around,'  and  frangere,  fractum,  'to  break.' 
A  groove  or  furrow.  Used  in  anatomy  to  signify 
sinuous  depressions  or  sulci,  of  greater  or  less 
depth,  like  those  which  separate  the  convolutions 
of  the  brain  from  each  other.     These 

Anfractuosities,  Cerebral,  Anfrac'tus  Cer'- 
ehri,  Gyri  Cer'ebri,  Intestin'ula  Cer'ehri,  (F.) 
Anfractuosites  Cerebrales,  are  always  narrow,  and 
deeper  at  the  upper  surface  of  the  brain  than  at 
its  base  ;  and  are  lined  by  a  jirolongation  of  the 
pia  mater. 

The  Ethmoid  Cells  are,  sometimes,  called  An- 
fractuosites ethmo'idales. 

ANFRACTUS,  Anfractuosity— a.  Cerebri,  An- 
fractuosities (cerebral.) 

ANGECTASIA,  Angiectasis. 

AXGEIAL,  Vascular. 

ANGEIECTASIA,  Angiectasis. 

ANGEIECTASIS,  Angiectasis. 

ANGEIECTOMA,  Angiectasis. 

ANGEIOG'RAPHY,  Angiog'raphy,  Angeio- 
graph'ia,  from  ayy^iov,  'a  vessel,'  and  ypn^ii)  '& 
description.'-    The  anatomy  of  the  vessels. 

ANGEIOHYDROG'RAPHY,  Angiohydrog'- 
raphy,  Angeiondrog'raphy,  Angeiohydrogra' pjhia, 
Hydrangiograjjh'ia, trora  ayyuov,  'a  vessel,'  'v^wp, 
'  water,'  and  ypa(pij),  '  I  describe.'  A  treatise  on 
the  lymphatics. 

AKGEIOHYDROT'OMY,  Angiohydrot'omy, 
Angeiondrot'omy,  Angeiohydrotom'ia,  Hydran- 
giutom'ia,  from  ayyuov,  'a  vessel,'  'vSup,  'water,' 
and  Tijxtiv,  '  to  cut.'    Dissection  of  the  lymphatics. 

ANGEIOLEUCI'TIS,  Amjioleuci'tis,  Lym. 
phangei'tis,  Lymphangi'tis,  Lymphangioi'tis,  Hy- 
drangei'tis,  Lymphi'tis,  Lymphati'tis,  Inflamma' - 
tio  vaso'rum  lymphatico'rum,  from  ayyuov,  'a 
vessel,'  \^vKos,  'white,'  and  itis,  inflammation. 
(F.)  Infiammation  des  vaisseaux  lymjjhatiques  ou 
de^  tissus  hlancs.  Inflammation  of  the  lympha- 
tics :  lymphatic  or  scrofulous  inflammation. 

ANGEIOL'OGY,  Angiol'ogy,  Angeiolog"ia, 
from  ayyuov,  'a  vessel,'  and  ^oyog,  'a  discourse.' 
A  discourse  on  the  vessels.  The  anatomy  of  the 
vessels.  It  includes  Arteriol'ogy,  Phlebol'ogy, 
and  AngeiohydroV ogy . 

ANGEIOMALA'CIA,  Angiomala'cia ;  from 
ayyuov,  '  a  vessel,' and /jaXaxia,  'softening.'  Mol- 
lescenee  or  softening  of  vessels. 

ANGEIOMYCES,  Hamatodes  fungus. 

ANGEION,  Vessel. 

ANGEIONDROGRAPHY,  AngeiohydrogTa- 
phy. 

ANGEIONDROTOMY,  Angeiohydrotomy. 

ANGEIONOSUS,  Angeiopathia. 

ANGEIONUSUS,  Angeiopathia. 

ANGEIOPATHI'A,  Angiopathi'a,  Angeion'- 
osus,  Angeionu' sns,  Angio'sis,  from  ayyuov,  'a 
vessel,'  and  vados,  '  a  disease.'  Disease  of  the 
vessels. 

ANGEIOPLEROSIS.  Plethora. 

ANGEIOPYRA,  Svnocha. 

ANGEIORRIIAGIA,  Ha>morrhagia  activa, 

ANGEIORRHCE'A,    (F.)  Angeiorrhie;   from 


ANGEIGSIS 


75 


ANGINA 


•yysiov,  'a  vessel/  and  pu,  'I  flow.'     Passive 
hemorrhage. 

•    ANGEIOSIS,  Angiosis. 

ANGEIOSTE GNOSIS,  Angiemphraxis. 

ANGEIOSTENOSIS,  Angiemphraxis. 

ANGEIOSTEO'SIS,  Angiosto'sis,  fromay/Eiov, 
'a  vessel,'  and  oarcioais,  'ossification.'  Ossifica- 
tion of  vessels. 

ANGEIOSTROPHE,  see  Torsion. 

ANGEIOTELECTASIA,  Telangiectasia. 

ANGEIOT'OMY,  Angiot'omy,  Angeiotom'ia, 
from  ayyuQv,  '  a  vessel^'  and  tsuvciv,  '  to  cut.' 
Dissection  of  vessels. 

ANGEI'TIS,  Angii'tis,  Angioi'tis,  Inflamma'- 
tto  vaso'rum,  (F.)  Angeite.  Inflammation  of  ves- 
sels in  general. 

ANGELIC  ROOT,  Angelica  lucida. 

ANGEL'ICA,  AngeVica  Archangel' tea  sen 
Hispa'na  seu  Sati'va,  Archangel'ica  officina'lis, 
Garden  Angelica,  (F.)  Angelique,  Racine  de  Saint 
Esprit.  So  called  from  its  supposed  angelic  vir- 
tues. Nat.  Ord.  Umbelliferse.  Sex.  Syst.  Pen- 
tandria  Digynia.  Native  of  Lapland.  The  roots, 
stalk,  leaves,  and  seed,  are  aromatic  and  carmi- 
native. A  sweetmeat  is  made  of  the  root,  which 
is  agreeable. 

Angelica  Archangelica,  Angelica. 

Angel'ica  Atropurpu'rea,  Angelica  (Ph. 
U.  S.)  Mastenoort.  An  indigenous  species,  grow- 
ing over  the  whole  United  States,  and  admitted 
into  the  secondary  list  of  the  Pharmacopoeia  of 
the  United  States.  Virtues,  same  as  those  of 
the  Angelica  of  Europe. 

Angelica  Levisticum,  Ligusticum  levisticum. 

Angelica  Lu'cida,  Angelic  root,  Bellyache 
root,  Nendo,  White  root,  an  indigenous  plant,  the 
root  of  which  is  bitterish,  subacrid,  fragrant, 
aromatic,  stomachic,  and  tonic. 

Angelica  Officinalis,  Imperatoria — a.  Palu- 
'lapifolia,  Ligusticum  levisticum — a.  Sativa,  An- 
gelica, A.  sylvestris. 

Angel'ica  Sylves'tris,  A.  sati'va,  Seli'num 
Sylves'tre  seu  Angel'ica  seu  Pubes'cens,  Impera- 
to'ria  Sylvea'tres  seu  Angelica,  Wild  Angel'ica, 
(F.)  Angelique  sauvage.  Possesses  similar  pro- 
perties to  the  last,  but  in  an  inferior  degree.  The 
seeds,  powdered  and  put  into  the  hair,  are  used 
to  destroy  lice. 

Angelica  Sylvestris,  Ligusticum  podagraria 
— a.  Tree,  Aralia  spinosa. 

ANGELI'NJE  CORTEX.  The  bark  of  a 
Grenada  tree,  which  has  been  recommended  as 
anthelmintic  and  cathartic. 

ANGELIQ  UE,  Angelica — a.  Sauvage,  Angel- 
ica sylvestris. 

ANGELOCACOS,  Myrobalanus. 

ANGEMPHRAXIS,  Angiemphraxis. 

ANGIDIECTASIA,  Trichangiectasia. 

ANGIDIOSPONGUS,  Ha;matodes  fungus. 

ANGIECTASIA  VENOSA,  Varix 

ANGIEC'TASIS,  Angeiecta' sia,  Angecta'sia, 
Angieurys'ma,  Angeiecto'ma,  from  ayytiov,  '  a 
vessel,'  and  cKraais,  '  dilatation.'  Any  dilatation 
of  vessels. — Grafe  and  Alibert.     Telangiectasia. 

ANGIEMPHRAX'IS,  Angemphrax'is,  Angei- 
osteno'sis,  Angeiostegno'sia,  iroTO.  ayyttov,  'a  ves- 
sel,' and  £iitppa^i;,  '  obstruction.'  Obstruction  of 
vessels. 

ANGIEURYSMA,  Angiectasis. 

ANGIITE,  Inflammation,  Angeitis. 

ANGIITIS,  Angeitis. 

ANGI'NA,  Febris  Angino'sa,  Isthmi'tis,  Quin- 
ry  or  Sore  Throat ;  from  angere,  '  to  suffocate.' 
Inflammation  of  the  supra-diaphragmatic  portion 
Df  the  alimentary  canal,  and  of  the  air  passages. 
The  Latin  writers  applied  the  term  to  every  dis- 
ease in  which  deglutition  or  respiration,  sepa- 
rately or  united,  was  affected,  provided  that  such 


affection  was  above  the  stomach  and  lungs. — 
Boerhaave  speaks  of  the  angina  of  the  moribund, 
which  is  nothing  more  than  the  dysphagia  or 
difficult  deglutition  preceding  death.  See  Cy- 
nanche. 

Angina  Aphthosa,  Aphthae — a.  Aquosa,  Oede- 
ma of  the  glottis  —  a.  Bronehialis,  Bronchitis — a. 
Canina,  Cynanehe  trachealis  —  a.  Cordis,  Angina 
pectoris — a.  cum  Tumore,  Cynanehe  tonsillaris — 
a.  Epidemica,  Cynanehe  maligna  —  a.  Epiglot- 
tidea,  Epiglottitis — a  Erysipelatosa,  Erythranche 
a^  Exudatoria,  Cynanehe  trachealis — a.  Externa, 
C.ynanche  parotidasa — a.  Faucium,  Isthmitis — a. 
Faucium  Maligna,  Cynanehe  maligna  —  a.  Folli- 
culosa  of  the  pharynx.  Pharyngitis,  follicular — a. 
Gangrasnosa,  Cynanehe  maligna  —  a.  Hiimida, 
Cynanehe  trachealis — a.  Inflanimatoria,  Cynan- 
ehe, Cynanehe  trachealis  —  a.  Laryngea,  Laryn- 
gitis—  a.  Laryngea  Qidematosa,  CEdema  of  the 
glottis — a.  Linguaria,  Glossitis — a.  jMaligna,  An- 
gina pellicularis,  Cynanehe  maligna.  Pharyngitis, 
diphtheritic — a.  Maxillaris,  Cynanehe  parotidasa 
—  a.  Membranacea,  Cynanehe  trachealis — a. 
Mitis,  Isthmitis. 

Angi'na  Nasa'lis,  Nast'tis  posfi'ca.  An  in- 
flammation of  the  posterior  portion  of  the  Sehnei- 
derian  membrane  lining  the  nose.     Also,  Coryza. 

Angi'na  fficEMATo'SA,  (F.)  Angine  cedhnu- 
teuse,  (Edcme  de  la  Glotte.  An  oedematous  swell- 
ing of  the  glottis  ;  the  efTect  of  chronic  cynanehe 
laryngea.     See  ffidema  of  the  Glottis. 

Angina  Palatina,  Hyperoitis  —  a.  Paralytica, 
Pharyngoplegia — a.  Parotidasa  Externa,  Cynan- 
ehe parotidsea. 

Angi'na  Pec'toris,  A.  cordis,  Stemal'gia, 
Asthma  spias'tico-arthrit'icum  incon'stans.  Asthma 
diaphragmat' icum,  Arthri'tis  diaphragmatica, 
Orthopnce'a  cardi'aca,  Sternodyn'ia  syncop'tica 
et  pal'pitans,  S.  s^yncopa'lis,  Cardiog' mns  cordis 
sinis'tri,  Astheni'a  pectora'lis,  Angor  pec'toris, 
Stenocar' dia,  Diaphragmat' ic  gout.  Asthma  con- 
vxdsi'vum.  Asthma  arthrit'icum,  Cardioneural'gia, 
Nearid'gia  hrachiothorac"ica,  Hyperasthe'sia 
plexus  cardi'aci,  A.  dolorif'icum,  Syn'cope  angi- 
no'sa seu  angens,  Cardiod' yne  sj^asmod'ica  inter- 
mit'tens,  Pnigo2:>ho'bia,  Prunel'la,  Sus2}ir'ium 
cardi'acum,  Pneumonal'gia,  Suff' ocative  Breast- 
pang,  (F.)  Angine  de  Poitrine,  Nerrose  du  Occur. 
A  disease,  the  precise  pathology  of  which  is  not 
known.  The  principal  symptoms  are,  violent 
pain  about  the  sternum,  extending  towards  the 
arms ;  anxiety,  dyspnoea,  and  sense  of  sufToca- 
tion.  It  is  an  affection  of  great  danger,  and  is 
often  connected  with  ossification,  or  other  morbid 
condition  of  the  heart.  It  appears  to  be  neuropa- 
thic, and  has  been  termed  A^c!ir«?(/ia  of  the  Heart. 
Some,  however,  employ  this  last  term  for  an 
acutely  painful  intermittent  affection  of  the  heart, 
which  seems  to  differ  from  angina  pectoris  more 
in  regard  to  the  small  number  of  parts  which  are 
drawn  into  morbid  consent  with  the  affected  car- 
diac nerves,  than  in  regard  either  to  its  nature 
or  appropriate  treatment.  The  most  powerful 
stimulating  and  narcotic  antispasmodics  are  re-  . 
quired  during  the  paroxysm. 

Angi'na  Pellicula'ris,  A.  malig'na,  Dipthe- 
ri'tis  of  the  throat.  A  name  given  to  those  in- 
flammations about  the  throat,  in  which  exuda- 
tions or  false  membrrjies  are  thrown  out,  during 
the  phlogosis  of  the  mucous  membranes.  Apihtha, 
Tracheitis,  when  accompanied  with  the  membra- 
niform  exudation,  are,  with  some,  examples  of 
diphtheritic  inflammation. 

ANGiifci  Perniciosa,  Cynanehe  trachealis  —  a, 
PestUentialis,  Pharyngitis,  diphtheritic — a.  Poly, 
posa,  Cynanehe  trachealis — a.  Polyposa  seu  mera- 
iDranaeea,  Cynanehe  trachealis — a.  Pseuao-meni- 
branosa,  Pharyngitis,  diphtheritic — a.  Pulfostk 


ANGINE  GUT  TUB  ALE 


76 


ANGULAR 


Cynanclie  trachealis — a.  Sanguinea,  Cynanche 
tonsillaris. 

Angina  Sicca,  (E.)  Angine  seche,  is  a  chronic 
inflammation  of  the  pharynx,  with  a  distressing 
sense  of  dryness  and  heat,  in  chronic  diseases  of 
the  stomach  and  lungs.     See  Ptedanchone. 

Angina  Simplex,  Isthmitis. 

Angina  Sqtjirro'sa,  (F.)  Angine  squirreuse, 
consists  in  difficulty  of  deglutition,  caused  by 
scu-rhous  disorganization  of  the  pharynx  or  oeso- 
phagus, or  by  enlarged  tonsils. 

Angina  Strangdlatoeia,  Cynanche  trache- 
alis— a.  Strepitosa,  Cynanche  trachealis — a.  Suf- 
focatoria,  Cynanche  trachealis  —  a.  Synochalis, 
Cynanche  tonsillaris — a.  Thyreoidea,  Thyreoitis 
• — a.  Tonsillaris,  Cynanche  tonsillaris  —  a.  Tra- 
chealis, Cynanche  trachealis  —  a.  Ulcerosa,  Cy- 
nanche maligna  —  a.  Uvularis,  Staphyloedema, 
Uvulitis — a.  Vera  et  LegitLma,  Cynanche  ton- 

ANGINE  GUTTURALS,  Cynanche  tonsil- 
laris—  a.  Laryngee,  Laryngitis  —  a.  Laryngee  et 
tracheale,  Cynanche  trachealis — a.  Laryngee  (ede- 
mateuse,  QSdema  of  the  glottis — a.  CEsojjJiagienne, 
(Esophagitis — a.  Pharyngee,  Cynanche  parotidffia 
— a.  de  Poitrine,  Angina  pectoris — a.  Seche,  An- 
gina sicca — a.  Simple,  Isthmitis  —  a.  Squirreme, 
Angina  Squirrosa — a.  Tonsillaire,  Cynanche  ton- 
sillaris. 

ANGINE  UX,  Anginosa. 

ANGIiSTO'SA,  (F.)  Angineux.  That  which  is 
accompanied  with  angina;  as  Scarlati'na  angi- 
no'aa. 

ANGIOCARDI'TIS,  from  ayyuov,  'a  vessel,' 
and  carditis,  '  inflammation  of  the  heart.'  In- 
flammation of  the  heart  and  great  vessels. 

ANGIOGRAPHY,  Angeiography. 

ANGI0HE2IIE,  Hyperemia. 

AKGIOHYDROGRAPHY,    Angeiohydrogra- 

ANGIOHYDROTOMf,  Angeiohydrotomy. 

ANGIOITIS,  Angeitis. 

ANGIOLEUCITIS,  Angeioleucitis. 

ANGIOLOGY,  Angeiology. 

ANGIOMALACIA,  Angeiomalacia. 

ANGI0MYCE3,  Hamatodes  fungus. 

ANGIONOSUS,  Angeiopathia. 

ANGIONUSUS,  Angeiopathia. 

ANGIOPATHIA,  Angeiopathia. 

ANGIOPLEROSIS,  Plethora. 

ANGIOPYRA,  Synocha. 

^NGIO'SIS,  from  ayytiov,  'a  vessel.'  Angeio'- 
>is,  Angeioimthi'a.  Under  this  term  Alibert  in- 
cludes every  disease  of  the  blood  vessels. 

ANGIOSTEGNOSIS,  Angiemphraxis. 

ANGIOSTENOSIS,  Angiemphraxis. 

4.NGI0ST0SIS,  Angeiostosis. 

ANGIOSTROPHE,  See  Torsion. 

ANGIOTELECTASIA,  Telangiectasia. 

ANGIOTEN'IC,  Angeioten'ic,  Angioten'icus 
scu  Angeioten'iciM,  from  ayyciov,  'a  vessel,'  and 
ruvuv,  '  to  extend.'  An  epithet  given  to  inflam- 
matory fever,  owing  to  its  action  seeming  to  be 
chiefly  exerted  on  the  vascular  system. 

ANGIOTOMY,  Angeiotomy. 

ANGLE,  An'gulits,  from  ayKvXo;,  'a  hook.' 
The  space  between  two  lines  which  meet  in  a 
point. 

Angle,  Fa'cial,  pointed  out  by  Camper,  is 
formed  by  the  union  of  two  lines,  one  of  which 
is  drawn  from  the  most  prominent  part  of  the 
foreli°ad  to  the  alveolar  edge  of  the  upper  jaw, 
opposite  the  incisor  teeth — the  facial  line  —  and 
the  other  irom  the  meatus  auditorius  externus  to 
the  same  point  of  the  jaw.  According  to  the 
uize  of  the  angle  it  has  been  attempted  to  appre- 
»!iate  the  respective  proportions  of  the  cranium 
and  face,  and,  to  a  certain  extent,  the  degree  of 


intelligence  of  individuals  and  of  animals.  In 
the  white  varieties  of  the  species,  this  angle  is 
generally  80°;  in  the  negro  not  more  than  70",  • 
and  sometimes  only  65°.  As  we  descend  the 
scale  of  animals,  the  angle  becomes  less  and  less; 
until,  in  fishes,  it  nearly  or  entirely  disappears. 
Animals  which  have  the  snout  long,  and  facial 
angle  small,  such  as  the  snipe,  crane,  stork,  &c., 
are  proverbially  foolish,  at  least  they  are  so 
esteemed;  whilst  intelligence  is  ascribed  to  those 
in  which  the  angle  is  more  largely  developed,  us 
the  elephant  and  the  owl.  In  these  last  animals, 
however,  the  large  facial  angle  is  caused  by  the 
size  of  the  frontal  sinuses  : — so  that  this  mode  of 
appreciating  the  size  of  the  brain  is  very  inexact, 
and  cannot  be  depended  upon. 

The  following  is  a  table  of  the  angle  in  man 
and  certain  animals : 

FACIAL  ANGLES. 

Man from  68°  to  88°  and  more. 

Sapajou 05 

Oraiig-Utang 56  to  58 

Giienon 57 

Mandrill 30  to  4-2 

Coati   28 

Pole-cat : 31 

Pug-dog 35 

Mastiff 41 

Hare 30 

Ram 30 

Horse 23 

Angle,  Occipital,  of  Daubenton,  is  formed 
by  a  line  drawn  from  the  posterior  margin  of  the 
foramen  magnum  to  the  inferior  margin  of  the 
orbit,  and  another  drawn  from  the  top  of  the 
head  to  the  space  between  the  occipital  condyles. 
In  man,  these  condyles,  as  well  as  the  foramen 
magnum,  are  so  situate,  that  a  line  drawn  per- 
pendicular to  them  would  be  a  continuation  of 
the  spine ;  but  in  animals  they  are  placed  more 
or  less  obliquely;  and  the  perpendicular  is  neces- 
sarily thrown  farther  forward,  and  the  angle  ren- 
dered more  acute. 

Angle,  Optic,  (F.)  Angle  optique,  is  the  angle 
formed  by  two  lines,  which  shave  the  extremities 
of  an  object,  and  meet  at  the  centre  of  the  pupil. 

ANGOISSE,  Angor. 

ANGOLAM.  A  very  tall  Malabar  tree,  which 
possesses  vermifuge  properties. 

AN'GONE,  Prcefoca'tio  Fau'cium  seu  Uferi'na 
seu  Matri'cis,  Strangida'tio  uteri'na,  Sitffoca'tit 
uteri'na  seu  hyster'ica,  Globus  hyater'icus,  Or- 
thopinoe'a  hyster'ica,  Dyspha'gia  gluho'sa,  D.  hys- 
ter'ica, Nervous  Quinsy.  A  feeling  of  strangu- 
lation, with  dread  of  suffocation.  It  is  common 
in  hysterical  females,  and  is  accompanied  with  a 
sensation  as  if  a  ball  arose  frqin  the  abdomen  to 
the  throat. 

ANGOR,  Anguish,  (F.)  Angoisse.  Extreme 
anxiety,  accompanied  with  painful  constriction 
at  the  epigastrium,  and  often  with  palpitation 
and  oppression.  It  is  frequently  an  unfavour- 
able symptom. 

Angor,  Agony,  Orthopncea — a.  Faucium,  Isth- 
mitis— a.  Pectoris,  Angina  pectoris. 

ANGOS,  Bubo,  Uterus,  Vessel. 

ANGOURION,  Cucumis  sativus. 

ANGUIS,  Serpent. 

ANGUISH,  Angor. 

Anguish,  Febrile,  Angor  Fehri'lia.  The  com- 
bination of  weariness,  pain,  anxiety,  and  weak- 
ness afl'ecting  the  head  and  neck,  which  is  so  ge- 
nerallj'  observed  at  the  commencement  of  fever. 

ANGULAIPE  BE  L'OMOPLATE,  Levator 
scapula;. 

AN'GULAR,  Angula'ris,  from  angidus,  'an 
angle,'  (F.)  Angulaire.  That  which  relates  to 
an  angle. 

Angular  Artert  and  Vein.    A  name  given. 


ANGULARIS 


77 


1.  to  the  tormination  of  tlie  facial  artery  and 
vein,  because  they  pass  by  the  greater  angle  of 
the  eye  ,•  and,  2."  to  the  facial  artery  and  vein 
themselves,  because  they  pass  under  the  angle 
of  the  jaw.     See  Facial. 

Angular  Nerve  is  a  filament  furnished  by 
the  inferior  maxillary,  which  passes  near  the 
greater  angle  of  the  eye. 

Angular  Processes  of  the  frontal  bone  are 
seated  near  the  angles  of  the  eyes.     See  Orbitar. 

ANG-ULARIS,  Levator  scapulre.^ 

ANG  ULI-  S  CAP  UL  0  -  HUMERAL,  Teres 
major. 

ANGULUS  OCULARIS,  Canthus. 

ANGURIA,  Cucurbita  citrullus. 

ANGUSTATIO,  Arctatio— a.  Cordis,  Systole— 
a.  Intestini  recti  vel  ani,  Stricture  of  the  rectum. 

ANGUS'TIA,  Angusta'tio,  Stenocho'ria.  Anx- 
iety, narrowness,  strait,  constriction. 

Angustia  Abdominalis,  Pelvis,  (Brim)  —  a. 
Perinaealis,  Pelvis,  (Outlet.) 

ANGUSTURA,  Cusparia  febrifnga— a.  False, 
Erucea  antidysenteriea,  and  Strychnos  nux  vo- 
mica—  a.  Spuria,  Brucea  antidysenteriea,  and 
Strychnos. 

ANOUSTURE,  FAUSSE,  Brucea  antidysen- 
teriea—  a.  Ferrugineuse,  Brucea  antidysenteriea 
— a.  Vraie,  Cusparia  febrifuga. 

ANH^MATOSIA,  Asphyxia,  Ancemia. 

ANH^MIA,  Anaemia. 

ANHAPHIA,  Anaphia. 

ANHELA'TIO,  from  anhelo,  'I  pant.'  An- 
liel'itus,  Aas'mus,  Panting,  Anhelation,  (F.)  Es- 
Boufflement.  Short  and  rapid  breathing.  See 
Dyspnoea. 

Anhelatio  is  sometimes  employed  synony- 
mously with  asthma. 

ANHELITUS,  Breath. 

ANHIS'TOUS,  from  a,  av,  privative,  and  'icto;, 
'organic  texture,'  'Anorganic.'  Amor'phus.  The 
tunica  decidua  uteri  is  termed  by  Velpeau  the 
anhistous  membrane. 

ANHUIBA,  Laurus  sassafi-as. 

ANHYDR^'MIA,  Anmmyd'ria,  from  av,  pri- 
vative, v5uip,  'water,'  and  'aifta,  'blood.'  A  con- 
dition of  the  blood  in  which  there  is  a  diminution 
ia  the  quantity  of  the  serum. 

ANICE'TON,  Anice'tum,  Mesia'mum,  fi-om  a, 
privative,  and  viK-q,  'victory,'  'invincible.'  A 
plaster  much  extolled  by  the  ancients  in  eases 
of  achores.  It  was  formed  of  litharge,  cerusse, 
thus,  alum,  turpentine,  white  pepper,  and  oil. 

ANI'DEUS,  from  av,  privative,  and  eiSog, 
'shape.'  Amorphus.  A  monster  devoid  of  shape. 
—J.  G.  St.  Hilaire. 

ANIDRO'SIS,  from  a,  privative,  and  'iSpw;, 
'sweat.'  Sudo'ria  nul'litas  vel  priva'fio.  Ab- 
sence of  sweat.  Deficiency  of  perspiration. — 
Ilippocrates. 

ANILBMA,  Borborygmus,  Tormina. 

ANILESIS,  Borborygmus,  Tormina. 

ANILITAS,  see  Dementia. 

AN'IMA,  An'imus,  Hens,  PHijclie.  The  mind, 
breath,  kc,  from  avejiog,  'wind  or  breath.'  (F.) 
Ame.  The  principle  of  the  intellectual  and  moral 
manifestations.  Also,  the  principle  of  life  : — ^^the 
iil'e  of  plants  being  termed  An'ima  vegctati'va, 
(¥,)  Ame  vSgStative ;  that  of  man,  An'ima  senai- 
t-i'va,  (F.)  Ame  sensitive. 

The  Anima  of  Stahl,  An'ima  Sfalilia'na,  was  a 
fancied  intelligent  principle,  which  he  supposed 
t.>  preside  over  the  phenomena  of  life, —like  the 
Ar<:h(BU3  of  Van  Ilelmont. 

Under  the  term  Anima  muncli,  the  ancient  phi- 
losophers meant  a  universal  Spirit,  which  they 
supposed  spread  over  every  part  of  the  uni- 


ANIMAL 

The  precise  seat  of  the  mind  in  tie  brain  has 
given  rise  to  many  speculations.  The  point  ia 
unsettled. 

With  the  ancient  chemists,  Anima  meant  the 
active  principle  of  a  drug  separated  by  some 
chemical  management. 

Anima  Aloes  :  see  Aloes,  Succotorina — a.  Ar- 
ticulorum,  Hermodactylus — a.  Ilepatis,  Ferri  sul- 
phas— a.  Puimonum,  Crocvis — a.  Rhei,  Infusum 
rhei  —  a.  Stahliana,  see  Anima — a.  Vegetativa, 
Plastic  force. 

AN'IMAL,  Zoon.  A  name  given  to  every  ani- 
mated being.  The  greater  part  of  animals  have 
the  power  of  locomotion ;  some  can  merely  exe- 
cute partial  movements,  such  as  contraction  and 
dilatation.  In  other  respects  it  is  often  a  matter 
of  difficulty  to  determine  what  is  an  animal 
characteristic.  The  study  of  animals  is  called 
Zool'ogi/. 

An'imal,  (adjective,)  Anima'lis.  That  which 
concerns,  or  belongs  to,  an  animal. 

Animal  Heat,  Color  anima'lis,  C.  nati'vus, 
Cal'idum  anima'le,  C.  inna'titm,  Biolych' nion, 
Flam'mula  vita'lis,  Therma  em' phytum,  Thermum 
em'phytum.  Ignis  anima'lis  sen  naiura'lis  &eu 
vita'lis,  (F.)  Ghaleur  animale,  is  the  caloric  con- 
stantly formed  by  the  body  of  a  living  animal, 
by  virtue  of  which  it  preserves  nearly  the  same 
temperature,  whatever  may  be  that  of  the  me- 
dium in  which  it  is  placed.  This  formation 
seems  to  take  place  over  the  whole  of  the  body, 
and  to  be  connected  with  the  action  of  nutrition. 

The  following  are  the  natural  temperatures  of 
certain  animals;  that  of  man  being  9S°  or  100°. 

Animals.  Temperatures. 

Arctic  Fox 107 

Arctic  Wolf )        2Qg 

Squirrel i 

Hare \         ,04 

Whale \ 

Arctomvs  citillus,  liiil  —  in  summer 103 

"Do.  when  torpid, 80  to  84 

Goat 103 

Bat,  in  summer, \        -.ncy 

Musk i 

Marmota  bobac,— £o6ac 101  or  102 

House  mouse, 101 

Arctomys  marmota,  marmot, — in  summer,. .  101  or  102 

Do.  when  torpid 43 

Rabbit 100  to  104 

Polar  Bear, 100 

Dog 1 

Cat I 

Swine, ).  100  to  103 

Sheep, I 

Ox, J 

Guinea-pig, 100  to  102 

Arctomys  glis, 09 

Shrew, 98 

Voung  wolf, 9o 

Fi'u\g\\\a.  ArciKO.,  Arctic  finch, ^         jj, 

P^\ih(iv,o\a.,  redbreust, ( 

Fringilla  liiiaria,  lesser  red  poll, 110  or  111 

Faico  palumbarius,  goshawk i 

Capriinulgus   EuropiEus,    European  goat-  >        100 

sucker, j 

Emberiza  TiivnWs,  svowbunting 109  to  110 

Falco  lanariiis,  tanner, ") 

Fringilla  carduelis,  goldfinch, 

Corvus  corax,  ratien, )■        109 

Turdus,  thrush,  (of  Ceylon,) I 

Tetrao  perdix,  partrid<re, J 

Anas  clypeata,  skoveler, ^ 

Tringa  pugnax,  rvffe 

Scolnpax,  limosa,  lesser  godwit | 

'I'etrao  letrix,  grouse, I         jqq 

Fringilla  brumalis,  winlerfinch, j 

Loxia  pyrrlmla,. 

Falco  nisus,  pparrowhawk I 

Vultur  barbatus, J 

A  user  pulchricollis, \ 

Co\ymhMS  diUr\i\is,  dusky  grebe, J         .„_ 

Tringa  vanellus,  lapwing,  wounded, [ 

Telrao  lagopus,  ptarmigan J 

Fringilla  AomesWca,  house  sparrow,. ,  , lOTtolSl 


ANIMALCULA  SEMINALIA 


78 


ANKYLOSIS 


Animals.  Temperature. 

i?(rix  passer  ilia,  IMle  owl, ") 

Uteiiiainpiis  (i>tralef;iis,  sea-pie, j 

Anas  peiielope,  widgeon, \        106 

Anas  strepera,  gadmatl 

Pelecaiiiis  carho, J 

Falc"  ossiriajrus,  xeaeaglc 1 

Falica  atra,  euot, >        105 

Anas  acuta,  pinlail-duck j 

Falco  mi  I V  us,  kite,  (wounded,) )        2q^ 

Merops  apiastor,  bee-ea/.er, j 

Goose, '^ 

"«"" I  103  to  107 

Dove,. f 

Duck, J 

Ardea  stPllaris, 1 

Falco  alhicollis, >        103 

Picus  rn.ajor, ) 

Cossus  liguipcrda, 89  to  91 

Shark, 83 

Torpedo  marmorata 74 

AsiMAL  KiNGDOJf,  (F.)  Eec/ne  Animal,  com- 
prises all  animated  beings. 

Anijial  Layer,  see  l^ache  emiryonnaire. 

A??iMAL  MAGNETiSJf,  see  Magnetism,  animal. 

ANIMALCULA  SEMINALIA,  Spermatozoa 
— a.  Spermatiea,  Spermatozoa. 

ANIMAL'CULE,   Aninial'culum;    diminutive 
of  animal.     A  small  animal.     An  animal  well 
•  seen  only  by  means  of  the  microscope. 

ANIMALCULES,  SEMINAL,  Spermatozoa^ 
a.  Spermatic,  Spermatozoa. 

ANIMAL'CULIST,  An'imalist.  One  who  at- 
tempts to  explain  different  physiological  or  pa- 
thological phenomena  by  means  of  animalcules. 

ANIMALCULUM,  Animalcule. 

ANIMALIST,  Animalculist 

ANIMAL'ITY,  Animal'itaa.  Qualities  which 
distinguish  that  which  is  animated.  That  which 
constitutes  the  animal. 

ANIMAL IZA'TION,  Animalisa' tio.  The 
transformation  of  the  nutritive  parts  of  food  into 
the  living  substance  of  the  body  to  be  nourished. 

To  AN'IMATE,  Anima're.  To  unite  the  living 
principle  with  an  organized  body.  The  French 
use  it  in  the  sense  of, — to  excite  or  render  active ; 
as,  animer  un  vesicatoire :  to  excite  a  blister  to 
suppurate. 

ANIMATIO  FCETUS,  see  Quickening. 

ANIMA'TION,  Zoo'sis,  Anima'tio,  from  (tnima, 
'  the  soul  or  mind.'  The  act  of  animating.  The 
state  of  being  enlivened. 

Animation,  Suspended,  Asphyxia. 

AN'IME,  (rnm  an'ime,  Aminm'a,  Can'camy, 
Oummi  ayi'ime,  Can' camtim.  A  resin  obtained 
from  the  trunk  of  Hymen' aa  cour'haril.  It  has 
been  given  as  a  cephalic  and  uterine.  It  is  not 
used.     The  plant  is  also  called  Gour'baril. 

ANIME,  (F.)  An  epithet  applied  to  the 
countenance,  when  florid,  in  health  or  disease. 

ANIMELL.E,  Parotid. 

ANIMI  CASUS  STTBITUS,  Syncope— a.  De- 
Ijqnium,  Syncope — a.  Pathemata,  Passions. 

AN'IMIST,  from  anima,  'the  soul.'  One  who, 
following  the  example  of  Stahl,  refers  all  the 
phenomona  of  the  animal  economy  to  the  soul. 

The  f.n'.l,  according  to  Stahl,  is  the  immediate 
and  iiQt/Ji\gent  agent  of  every  movement,  and  of 
every  txaterial  change  in  the  body.    Stahl  there- 
fore   concluded,   that   disease    is   nothing   more 
than  a  disturbance  or  disorder  in  the  government 
of  the  economy,  or  <an  effort  by  which  the  soul, 
attentive  to  every  morbific  cause,  endeavours  to 
expel  whatever  may  be  deranging  the  habitual 
order  of  health.     See  Stahlianism. 
ANIMUS,  Anima,  Breath. 
ANLS,  Piinpinella  .inisum — a.  Ai/jre.  Cuminum 
Cyminum — n.  de  la  Chine,  Illicium  anisaium — a. 
h<ni3-,  Ancr.iiura — a.  EloiU,  Illicium  anisatum. 
AKISA'aUM,  from  ^retsum, 'Anise.'    A  sort 


of  medicated  wine,  formerly  prepared  with  honey, 
wine  of  Ascalon,  and  aniseed. 

ANISCALPTOR,  Latissimus  dorsL 
ANISCHURIA,  Enuresis. 
ANISE,  Pimpinella  anisum — a.  Star,  Illicium 
anisatum,  I.  Floridanum — a.  Tree,  Florida,  Illi- 
cium Floridanum — a.  Tree,  yellow-flowered,  Illi- 
cium anisatum. 

ANISEED,  see  Pimpinella  anisum. 
ANISI  SEMINA,  see  Pimpinella  anisum. 
ANISO'DUS   LU'RIDUS,  Nican'dra   anom'- 
ala,  Phy'ealis  stramo'nium,,  Whitle'ya  stramo'ni- 
folia     A  plant  of  Nepal,  possessed  of  narcotic 
properties,   and  resembling  belladonna  and  to- 
bacco.    It  dilates  the  pupU,  and  is  used  in  dis- 
eases of  the  eye  like  belladonna.     It  is  given  in 
alcoholic   tincture   (dried   leaves   gj.  to    alcohol 
f  5  vii]).  Dose,  20  drops  internally  in  the  24  hours. 
ANISOPHYLLUM   IPECACUANHA,    Eu- 
phorbia  Ipecacuanha. 

ANISOS'THENES,  Inmqua'li  roh'ore  pollens. 
That  which  is  unequal  in  strength  :  from  a,  priv., 
1(705,  '  equal,'  and  aStvog,  '  strength.'  An  epithet 
applied  particularly  to  the  muscular  contractility 
which,  in  the  sick,  is  sometimes  augmented  in 
certain  muscles  only, — in  the  flexors,  for  example. 
ANISOT'ACHYS,  from  a,  priv.,  laos,  'equal,' 
and  Ta)(^v;,  'quick.'  An  epithet  for  the  pulse> 
when  quick  and  unequal — Gorraeus. 

ANISUM,  Pimpinella  anisum — a.  Africanum 
frutescens,  Bubon  Galbanum — a.  Fruticosum  gal- 
baniferum,  Bubon  galbanum — a.  Ofiicinale,  Pim- 
pinella anisum — a.  Sinense,  Illicium  anisatum  — 
a^  Stellatum,  Illicium  anisatum  —  a.  Vulgarc, 
Pimpinella  anisum. 

ANKLE,  Asiragalus,  Malleolus. 
ANKUS,  Ancus. 

A  N  K  Y  LOBLEPH' ARON,  Ancijlohleph' aron, 
Palpebra'rum  coal'itns,  from  ayKvyiri,  '  contrac- 
tion,' and  p\c.ij>apov,  'eyelid.'  A  preternatural 
union  between  the  free  edges  of  the  eyelids. 
Likewise  called  Symblepih'aron,  Syviblepharo' sia, 
and  Pros'pkysis. 

Also,  union  between  the  eyelids  and  globe  of 
the  eye. — Aetius. 

ANKYLODON'TIA,  from  ayKvUs,  'crooked,' 
and  oSuvg,  '  a  tooth.'  Aji  irregular  position  of  tho 
teeth  in  the  jaws. 

ANKYLOGLOS'SIA,  Aneyloglos'sia,  Ooncre', 
tio  lingucB,  from  ayKvXos,  '  crooked,'  or  '  con- 
tracted,' and  yXuao-a,  'the  tongue.'  Impeded  mo- 
tion of  the  tongue  in  consequence  of  adhesion 
between  its  margins  and  the  gums;  or  in  conse- 
queuce  of  the  shortness  of  the  fraenum  :  the  latter 
affection  constituting  Tongue-tie,  Olopho'nia  lin'~ 
f/ucB  frmna'ta.  It  merely  requires  the  frsenum  to 
be  divided  with  a  pair  of  scissors. 

ANKYLOGLOSSOT'OMUM,  from  anhyloglot- 
sia,  '  tongue-tie,' and  Tofiri,  'incision.'  An  iustm- 
ment  used  in  the  operation  for  tongue-tie. 

ANKYLOME'LE,  Ancylome'le,  from  ayKiXor, 
'crooked/  and  //r,X;;,  'a  probe.'  A  curved  probe. 
— Galen. 

ANKYLOMERIS'MUS,  Aticylomeria' mu«, 
from  ayKv\rj,  'a  contraction,  and  liepo;,  'a  par%' 
Morbid  adhesion  between  parts. 
ANKYLOPS,  iEgilops. 

ANKYLO'SIS,  Ancylo'ais,  Anchylo'sis,  An'- 
cyle.  Stiff  Joint,  from  ayxv'Xog,  -crooked.'  An' 
affection,  in  which  there  is-  great  difiiculty  or 
even  impossibility  of  moving  a  diarthrodial  arti- 
culation. It  is  so  called,  because  the  limb  com- 
monly remains  in  a  constant  state  of  flexion. 
Anchylosis  is  said  to  be  comj)lcte  or  true,  when 
there  is  an  intimate  adhesion  between  the  syno- 
vial surfaces,  with  union  of  the  articular  extremi- 
ties of  tho  bones.  In  the  incomplete  or  false  an- 
chylosis, there  is  obscure  motion,  but  the  fibrouj 


ANKLOTOMUS 


r& 


ANOMALIA 


parts  around  the  joint  are  more  or  less  stiff  and 
tliiclcenc^d.  In  the  treatment  of  this  last  state, 
the  joint  must  be  gently  and  gradually  exercised; 
and  oily,  relaxing  applications  be  assiduously  em- 
ployed. 

AsKyLOSis  Sputiia,  Rigiditas  articulorum. 

ANKYLOT'OMUS,  Aneylot'omus,  from  ayKvKog, 
'crooked,'  and  re/ivtiv,  'to  cut.'  Any  kind  of 
curved  knife. — Paulus.  An  instrument  for  di- 
viding the  freenum  linguaj. — Scultetus. 

ANNEAU,  Ring — a.  Crural,  Crural  canal — a. 
Diajihragmatique,  Diaphragmatic  ring — a.  Femo- 
ral, Crural  canal — a.  Inguinal,  Inguinal  ring — a. 
Onihilical,  Umbilical  ring. 

ANNEXE,  Accessory,  Appendix. 

ANNI  CRITICI,  Climacteriei  (anni)— a.  De- 
cretorii,  Climacteriei  (anni) — a.  Fatales,  Climac- 
teriei (anni) — a.  Genethliaci,  Climacteriei  (anni) 
a.  Gradarii,  Climacteriei  (anni) — a.  Hebdomadici, 
Climacteriei  (anni)  —  a.  Heroici,  Climacteriei 
(anni) — a.  Natalitii,  Climacteriei  (anni) — a.  Sca- 
lares,  Climacteriei  (anni) — a.  Scansiles,  Climacte- 
riei (anni). 

ANNOTA'TIO,  Episma'sia.  Under  this  term 
Bome  have  included  the  preludes  to  an  attack  of 
intermittent  fever — as  yawning,  stretching,  som- 
nolency, chilliness,  &c. 

ANNOTTO,  see  Terra  Orleana. 

AN'NUAL  DISEASES,  Iforbi  an'mii,  M.  an- 
niversa'rii,  (F.)  Maladies  annuelles.  A  name 
given,  by  some,  to  diseases  which  recur  every 
year  about  the  same  period.  Eebris  annua,  (F.) 
Fievre  annuelle,  is  a  term  used  for  a  fancied  in- 
termittent of  this  type. 

ANNUENS,  Rectus  capitis  internus  minor. 

ANNUIT"IO,  Nodding,  from  ad,  'to,'  and 
nutua,  '  a  nod.'  A  gesture  denoting  assent  in 
most  countries.  Also,  the  state  of  somnolency, 
when  the  individual  is  in  the  erect  or  sitting 
posture,  with  the  head  unsupported,  in  which 
the  power  of  volition  over  the  extensor  muscles 
of  the  head  is  lost,  and  the  head  drops  forward. 

AN'NULAR,  Annula'ris,  CricoVdes,  (annus, 
'a  circle.')  Any  thing  relating  to  a  ring,  or 
which  has  the  shape  or  fulfils  the  functions  of  a 
ring ;  from  annulus,  '  a  ring,'  itself. 

Annular  Finger,  Jiing  Finger,  I)ig"itus  an- 
nula'ris, Param'esos.  The  fourth  finger,  so  called 
from  the  wedding  ring  being  worn  thereon. 

Annular  Ganglion,  see  Ciliary  ligament. 

Annular  Lig'ament,  Transverse  ligament, 
Oru'cial  ligament.  A  strong  ligamentous  band, 
which  arches  across  the  area  of  the  ring  of  the 
atlas,  from  a  rough  tubercle  upon  the  inner  sur- 
face of  one  articular  process,  to  a  similar  tubercle 
on  the  other.  It  serves  to  retain  the  odontoid 
process  of  the  axis  in  connexion  with  the  ante- 
rior arch  of  the  atlas. 

An'nular  Lig'ament  of  the  Ra'dius,  is  a  very 
strong  fibro-cartilaginous  band,  which  forms,  with 
the  lesser  sigmoid  cavity  of  the  cubitus,  a  kind 
of  ring,  in  which  the  head  of  the  radius  turns 
with  facility. 

An'nular  Lig'aments  of  the  Carpus,  Ar- 
mil'lcB  manus  memlrano'scB,  are  two  in  number. 

The  one,  anterior,  is  a  broad,  fibrous,  quadri- 
lateral band,  extending  transversely  before  the 
carpus,  and  forming  the  gutter,  made  by  the 
wrist,  into  a  canal.  It  is  attached,  externally, 
to  the  trapezium  and  scaphoides;  and  internally 
to  the  OS  pisiforme  and  process  of  the  unciforme. 
It  keeps  the  tendons  of  the  flexor  muscles,  me- 
dian nerve,  &c.,  applied  against  the  carpus. 

The  posterior  ligament  is  situate  transversely 
behind  the  joint  of  the  hand,  and  covers  the 
Bneaths  of  the  tendons,  which  pass  to  the  back 
of  the  hand.  Its  fibres  are  white  and  shining, 
and  aro  attached,  externally,  to  the  inferior  aad 


outer  part  of  the  radius ;  internally  to  the  ulna 
and  OS  pisiforme. 

An'nular  Lig'aments  of  the  Tarsi; s  are  two 
in  number.  The  anterior  is  quadrilateral,  and 
extends  transversely  above  the  instep.  It  is  at- 
tached to  the  superior  depression  of  the  os  calcis, 
and  to  the  malleolus  internus.  It  embraces  the 
tendons  of  the  extensor  muscles  of  the  toes,  the 
tibialis  anticus,  a.ud  peronetcs  anticus.  The  inter- 
nal is  broader  than  the  last.  It  descends  from 
the  malleolus  internus  to  the  posterior  and  inner 
part  of  the  os  calcis,  with  which  it  forms  a  kind 
of  canal,  enclosing  the  sheaths  of  the  tendons  of 
the  tibialis  jiosticuso  flexor  longus  digitorum  pedis, 
and  F.  longus  pollicis  pedis,  as  well  as  the  plantar 
vessels  and  nerves. 

Annular  Vein,  Vena  annula'ris,  is  situat* 
between  the  annular  finger  and  the  little  finger. 
Aetius  recommends  it  to  be  opened  in  diseases  of 
the  spleen. 

ANNULARIS,  Cricoid:  see  Digitus — a.  Ani, 
Sphincter  ani. 

ANNULI  CARTILAGINEI,  see  Trachea— a. 
Cartilaginosi  Trachese,  see  Trachea. 

A  NN  UL  I-  TENDING  -  PHALANGIENS, 
Lumbricales  manus. 

ANNULUS,  Dactylius,  Vulva — a.  Abdominis, 
Inguinal  ring — -a.  Albidus,  see  Ciliary  (body) — 
a.  Collulosus,  Ciliary  ligament — a.  Ciliaris,  Cili- 
ary ligament — a.  Fossae  ovalis :  see  Oralis  fossa 
— a.  Gangliformis,  see  Ciliary  (body) — a.  Repens, 
Herpes  circinatus — a.  Umbilicalis,  Umbilical  ring 
— a.  Ventriculi,  Pylorus — a.  Vieussenii,  see  Ova- 
lis fossa. 

ANO,  av(a.     A  prefix  denoting  '  above,  up.' 

ANOCHI'LUS,  from  avu,  'above,' and  ;^£:iX»f, 
'  lip.'  The  upper  lip.  Also,  one  who  has  a  large 
upper  lip. 

ANOC<ELIA,  Stomach, 

ANO'DIA,  from  av,  priv.,  and  abr;,  'song.' 
An  unconnected  or  dissonant  mode  of  speech. 

ANOD'IC,  Anod'icua,  from  avta,  'above,  up,' 
and  'obog,  '  a  way.'  Tending  upwards.  An  epi- 
thet applied  by  Dr.  Marshall  Hall  to  an  ascend- 
ing course  of  nervous  action. 

ANODIN,  Anotlyne. 

ANODIN'IA,  from  a,  av,  privative,  and  udn, 
'  a  labour  pain.'     Absence  of  labour  pains. 

ANODMIA,  Anosmia. 

ANODUS,  Edentulus. 

AN'ODYNE,  Anod'ynus,  Antod'ynus,  Ant  id' . 
ynous  (improperly,)  Paregor'icus,  Anet'icus,  Ant. 
al'gicus,  Acesod'ynes,  (F.)  Anodin  ou  Anodyn, 
from  a,  av,  privative,  and  oSvvn,  'pain.'  Anodynet 
are  those  medicines  which  relieve  pain,  or  cause 
it  to  cease;  as  opium,  belladonna,  &c.  They  act 
by  blunting  the  sensibility  of  the  encephalon,  so 
that  it  does  not  appreciate  the  morbid  sensation. 

ANODYN'IA,  Indolen'tia.  Cessation  or  ab- 
sence of  pain.  Vogel  has  given  this  name  to  « 
genus  of  diseases,  characterized  by  a  cessation 
of  pain,  and  the  exasperation  of  other  symptoms^ 
as  we  see  in  gangrene. 

ANODYNUM  MINERALE,  Potassse  nitraa 
sulphatis  paucillo  mixtus. 

AN 03' A,  Anoia,  from  a,  privative,  and  looi, 
'mind.'  Delirium,  imbecility.  See  Dementia  and 
Idiotism. 

ANOESIA,  Dementia. 

Anoesia  Adstricta,  Melancholy. 

ANOIA,  Anoea. 

ANOMAL,  Anomalous. 

ANOMALES,  Anomalous. 

ANOSIA'LIA,  from  av,  privative,  and  o^i-i^^?, 
'regular.'  Abnor'mitas,  Alicna'tio.  Anomaly, 
abnormity,  irregularity.  In  Pathology,  .onomaly 
means  something  unusual  in  the  symptoms  pro- 
per to  a  disease,  or  in  the  morbid  appei'-iai-'ca* 
presented  by  it. 


ANOMAL  0  TR  OP  HIES 


80 


ANTEREISIS 


AsoMA  LiA  XERVORiTsr,  Nervous  diathesis. 

ANOMALOTROPHIES,  from  av,  privative, 
p/xaXos,  'regular,'  and  rpoipi],  'nourishment.'  A 
class  of  diseases,  which  consist  in  modifications 
in  the  nutrition  of  organs. — Gendrin. 

ANOM'ALOUS,  Anom'alua,  Anom'ales;  the 
same  etymon.  Irregular;  contrary  to  rule.  (F.) 
Anomal.  In  Medicine,  a  disease  is  called  ano- 
malous,  in  whose  symptoms  or  progress  there  is 
something  unusual.  Affections  are  also  called 
anomalous,  which  cannot  be  referred  to  any 
known  species. 

ANOMALOUS,  Irregular. 

ANOMMATUS,  Anophthalmus. 

ANOMOCEPH'ALUS,  from  a,  priv.,  vo,xo$, 
'  rule,'  and  Kz<pa\n,  '  head.'  One  whose  head  is 
deformed. — Geoffroi  Saint-Hilaire. 

ANOM'PHALUS,  from  av,  priv.,  and  ofx'paXo;, 
'  the  navel.'  One  devoid  of  navel.  Many  writers 
Lave  endeavoured  to  show  that  Adam  and  Eve 
must  have  been  avonipakoi,  as  they  could  not  have 
had  umbilical  vessels. 

ANO'NA  TRIPET'ALA.  A  tree  of  the /a»?t7i/ 
Anonege  or  Anonaceso ;  Sex.  Synt,  Polyandria 
polygynia,  from  fifteen  to  twenty  feet  high,  na- 
tive of  South  America^  which  bears  a  delicious 
fruit  called  Chirimoya.  Both  the  fruit  and  flowers 
emit  a  fine  fragrance,  which,  vrhen  the  tree  is 
covered  with  blossom,  is  almost  overpowering — 
Tschudi. 

ANONIS,  Ononis. 

ANONYME,  Innominatum. 

ANON'YMOUS,  Anon'ymus,  Innomlna'tus,  (F.) 
Anonymt,  from  av,  privative,  and  oyo/.!a,  'name.' 
That  which  has  no  name. 

The  word  has  been  applied  to  many  parts  of 
the  body: — to  the  Anonymous  bone  or  Os  inno- 
minatum:—  the  Anonymous  foramen  or  Foramen 
innominatiim,  &c. 

ANOPHRESIA,  Anosmia. 

ANOPHTHAL'MUS,  Anom'maUu,  from  av, 
privative,  and  oipBaXfio;,  '  an  eye,'  A  monster 
devoid  of  eyes. 

ANOPS'IA,  from  av,  priv.,  and  (o\l/,  '  the  eye.' 
A  case  of  monstrosity  in  which  the  eye  and  orbit 
are  wanting. 

ANOPTIOONERYIE.  Amaurosis. 

ANOR'CHIDES,  from  av,  priv.,  and  opx^?^  'a 
testicle.'  They  who  are  without  testicles. — For- 
tunatus  Fidelis. 

ANOREX'IA,  from  av,  priv.,  and  opfi?.  'ap- 
petite. Inappeten'tia,  Limo'sis  expers,  {F.)  Perte 
d'appetit.  Absence  of  appetite,  without  loathing. 
Anorexia  or  want  of  appetite  is  symptomatic  of 
most  diseases.     Also,  Indigestion,  Dyspepsia. 

Anorexia  Exhausto'rum,  Frigidity  of  the 
stomach — a.  Slirabilis,  Fasting. 

ANORGANIC,  see  Anhistous,  and  Inorganic. 

ANORJIAL,,  Abnormous. 

ANOS'IA,  from  a,  priv.,  and  voao;,  'disease.' 
Health.     Freedom  from  disease. 

AN  OS' MIA,  from  a,  privative,  and  oc-fi?/, 
odour.'  Loss  of  smell.  Diminution  of  the  sense 
of  smell.  Called,  also,  Anoxpihre'aia,  Anosphra' - 
sia,  AnopTiro' sia,  Paros'mia,  Anod'mia,  Anosrno'- 
»>a,  Olfactua  amis'sio,  0.  deflc"!cns,  ByscBi'the'sia 
olfacto'ria,  Ancesthe'sia  offacto'ria,  Odora'tus  de- 
yer-'ditus,  (¥.)  Pertc  dc  I'Odorat. 

ANOSMOSIA,  Anosmia. 

ANOSPHRASIA,  Anosmia,. 

ANOSPHRESIA,  Anosmia. 

ANSE  (P.,)  Ansa  (L.,)  signines,  properly,  the 
nandle  of  certain  vessels,  usually  of  an  arched 
form.  By  analogy,  it  has  been  applied  to  that 
which  is  curved  in  the  form  of  such  handle. 
Thus,  the  French  speak  of  Anse  intcstinale  to 
•ignify  a  Bortion  of  intestine,   supported  by  its 


mesentery,  and  describing  a  curved  line  :  —  ale©, 
of  Anse  nerveuse,  Anse  anastomotique,  &c. 

Anse  de  fil  is  used,  in  Surgery,  to  designate  a 
thread,  curved  in  the  form  of  an  Anse. 

ANSERINA,  Potentilla  anserina. 

ANSERINE,  Chenopodium  ambrosioides — a. 
Antkelmintiqne,  Chenopodium  anthelminticum — 
a.  Bon  Henri,  Chenopodium  Bonus  Henricus — a- 
Botrys,  Chenopodium  Botrys — a.  Fetide,  Cheno- 
podium vulvaria  —  a.  Ycrhtifarje,  Chenopodium 
anthelminticum. 

ANTACIDS,  Anti-acids,  Antiac"ida,  Inver- 
ten'tia,  from  anti,  'against,'  and  acida,  'acids.' 
Remedies  which  obviate  acidity  in  the  stomach. 
They  are  chemical  agents,  and  act  by  neutralizing 
the  acid.  Those  chiefly  used  are  ammonia,  calcis 
carbonas,  calx,  magnesia,  magnesi^e  carbonas, 
potassa,  potassse  bicarbonas,  p.  carbonas,  sodse 
bicarbonas,  and  s.  carbonas.  They  are,  of  course, 
only  palliatives,  removing  that  v.hich  exists,  not 
preventing  the  formation  of  more. 

ANTAG'ONISM,  Antarjonis'nius,  Aniis'tasis, 
from  avTt,  'against,'  and  ayixivi^eiv,  'to  act.*  Ac- 
tion in  an  opposite  direction.  It  applies  to  the 
action  of  muscles  that  act  in  a  contrary  direc- 
tion to  others.  In  estimating  the  force  of  the 
muscles,  this  antagonism  must  be  attended  to. 

ANTAG'ONIST,  Antaf/onis'ta.  A  muscle 
whose  action  produces  an  eflect  contrary  to  that 
of  another  muscle.  Every  muscle  has  its  anta- 
gonist, because  there  is  no  motion  in  one  direc- 
tion without  a  capability  of  it  in  another. 

ANTALGICUS.  Anodyne. 

ANTAPHRODIS'IAC,  Antaplirodit'io,  Anta- 
phrodisiacus,  Anaphrod.isiacus,  Anophrodisiac, 
Anterot'icus,  from  avn,  'against,'  and  a(pfiociciaKos, 
'aphrodisiac'  A  substance  capable  of  blunting 
the  venereal  appetite. 

ANTAPHRODITIC,  Antaphrodisiac. 

ANTAPOD'USIS,  from  airaTro^ioo/zj,  'I  return 
in  exchange.'  TLe  succession  and  return  of  the 
febrile  periods. — Hippocrates. 

ANTAPOPLECTICUS.  Antiapoplectic. 

ANTARTHRITIC,  Antiarthritic. 

ANTASTIIENICUS,  Tonic. 

ANTASTIIMATICUS,  Antiasthmatic. 

ANTATROPII'IC,  Antotroph'icns,  Anfat'ro- 
pilius,  Antiatrojih'icus,  from  avn,  'against,'  and 
aTpo(pia,  '  atrophy.'  A  remedy  opposed  to  atro- 
phy or  consumption. 

ANTEBRACHIAL,  see  Antibrachial. 

A  N  T  E  C  E  N  D  E  N '  T I  A.  The  precursor)-  or 
warning  symptoms  of  a  disease. 

A'STEL A'BI A,  Prochei' la,  from  ante,  'before,' 
and  labia,  'the  lips.'     The  extremity  of  the  lips. 

ANTELOPE,  Antilopus. 

ANTEMBALLOMENUM,  Snceedaneum. 

ANTEM'BASIS,  from  avn,  and  eixpanw,  'I 
enter.'  ilu'taus  ingrcs'svM.  The  mutual  recep- 
tion of  bones. — Galen. 

ANTEMETIC,  Antiemetic. 

ANTENDEIXIS,  Coixnter-indication. 

ANTENDIXIS,  Counter-indication. 

ANTENEAS'MUS,  from  avn,  'against,'  and 
vtnv,  'audacious.'  One  furious  against  himself. 
Mania,  in  which  the  patient  attempts  his  own 

ANTENNA'RIA  DIOI'CA,  Gnoplia'lium  Di- 
oi'cum,  Hispid'ida,  Pes  cati,  Elichry'suin  monta'- 
nuni,  JDia'cioiis  Evcrlast'ing,  Catsfoot,  (F.)  Pied 
de  chat.  A  common  European  plant,  which  has 
been  advised  in  hemorrbage.  diarrhoea,  &c. 

ANTEPHIALTIC,  Antiephialtic. 

ANTEPILEPTIC,  Autiepileptie. 

ANTEPONENS,  Anticipating. 

ANTEREI'SIS,  from  avn,  'against,'  and  tptt- 
S(i),  'I  support.'  The  resistance — the  solidity — 
of  bonea. — Hippocrates. 


ANTERIE  UE  DU  MAR  TEA  U 


81 


ANTHRAKOKALI 


ANTERIEUR  BU  3IARTEAU,  Laxator 
tympani — a.  de  I' Oreille,  Anterior  auris. 
"  ANTE'RIOR,  Anti'cus,  from  ante,  'before.' 
Situate  before.  Great  confusion  has  prevailed 
with  anatomists  in  tiie  use  of  the  terms  before, 
behind,  <fcc.  Generally,  the  word  anterior  is  ap- 
})!ied  to  parts  situate  before  the  median  line,  the 
body  being  in  the  erect  posture,  with  the  face 
and  palms  of  the  hands  turned  forwards ;  and 
the  feet  applied  longitudinallj'  together. 

Ante'rior  Au'ris  (Muscle,)  Auricula' rin  ante'- 
rlor,  At'trahens  auric'idam  (F.)  Auricidaire  antc- 
fiear,  Anterieur  de  I'oreille,  Zygomato-oriculaire. 
A  small  muscle,  passing  from  the  jjosterior  part 
of  the  zygoma  to  the  helix.  Use,  to  draw  the  ear 
forwards  and  upwards. 

Anterior  Mallei,  Laxator  tympani. 
ANTEROTICUS,  Antaphrodfsiae. 
ANTEUPHORBIUM,  Cacalia  anteuphorbium. 
ANTEVER'SION,    Antever'sio,    Antrover'sio, 
from  ante,  'before,'  2indvertere,versum,  'to  turn.' 
Displacement  of  the  uterus,  in  which  the  fundus 
is  turned  towards  the  pubes,  whilst  its  orifice  is 
towards  the  sacrum.    It  may  be  caused  by  extra- 
ordinary size  of  the  pelvis,  pressure  of  the  viscera 
on  the  uterus,  <tc. ;  and  is  recognised  by  exami- 
nation per  vaginam.     See  Retroversio  uteri. 

A  N  T  H  JH  M  0  P  T  Y  i  C  U  S,  Antikmmopti/icus, 
from  avTi,  'against,'  and  hcEiuojjtysis,  'spitting 
of  blood.'  Against  spitting  of  blood.  A  remedy 
for  spitting  of  blood  —  antihcEmoptyicum  [reme- 
div/m.) 

ANTn^^MORRHAGICUS,  Antihemorrhagic. 
ANTHECTICUS,  Antihectic. 
ANTHELIT'RAGUS,  (F.)  AntUUtragien. 
One  of  the  proper  muscles   of  the  pavilion  of 
the  ear. 

ANT'HELIX,  Anti-lieUx,  from  avri,  'before,' 
and  'tXif,  '  the  helix.'  An  eminence  on  the  car- 
tilage of  the  ear,  in  front  of  the  helix,  and  ex- 
t-eiuiing  from  the  concha  to  the  groove  of  the 
holix,  where  it  bifurcates. 

ANTHELMIN'TIC,  Antihelmin'ticus,  Anti- 
B''f>'.'icus,  Antkelmin'tkicus,  Antiscolet'icus,  Hel- 
tnin'thicufi,  Helminthago'  gu^,  Antivermino'  sus, 
Vcrmif'ugus,  Ver'mi/uge,  from  avTi,  'against,' 
and  '^Xjnv;,  'a  worm.'  A  remedy  which  de- 
stroys or  expels  worms,  or  prevents  their  for- 
mation and  development.  The  chief  anthel- 
mintics are,  Ghenopodium,  Mueu'na,  Oleum  ani- 
male  Dippelii,  Oleum  Terebinthinos,  Sodii  Chlo- 
ridum,  Spigelia,  and  Pulvis  Stanni.  See  Worms. 
ANTHEMA  ERUPTIO,  Exanthem. 
AN'THEMIS  COT'ULA, from avOcu,  'Iflower.' 
A.  /(Xt'ida,  Oot'nla,  C.  fos'tida,  Cofa,  Oynan'the- 
rnis,  OhamcBme'lnm  fce'tidum,  An'theinis  Nove- 
boracen' sis,  Chamomil' la  spu'ria  sen/w'tida,  May- 
Jioiner,  Ma.yweed,  Stinking  Ohamomile,  Wild 
Oham'omile,  Dog's  fennel,  Dilly,  Diliceed,  Eield- 
veed,  Pissiceed.  Nat.  Ord.  Compositfe  Corym- 
biferse.  Sex.  Syst.  Syngenesia  Superflua.  (F.) 
Maroute,  Gamomille  fetide,  CamomiUe  puante. 
This  plant  has  a  very  disagreeable  smell :  and 
the  leaves  have  a  strong,  acrid,  bitterish  taste. 
It  is  reputed  to  have  been  useful  in  hysterical 
afiFoctions. 

An'themis  Fcetlda,  a.  eotula. 
As'themis  No'bilis,  a.  odora'ta,  Ohamame'- 
lum,  Ohaniem(s'lum  No'bile,  Ohamomil'la  Roma'- 
VI,  Eiian'lhemon,  An'tJiemis,  Oliama.me'lum  odo- 
f'l'tara,  Leucan'themum,  Matrica'ria,  (F.)  Oamo- 
viille  Romaine.  The  leaves  and  flowers  —  Anthe- 
vds,  Ph.  U.  S. — have  a  strong  smell,  and  bitter, 
nauseous  taste.  The  flowers  .are  chiefly  used. 
They  possess  tonie  and  stomachic  properties,  and 
are  much  given  as  a  pleasant  and  cheap  bitter. 
A  simple  infusion  is  taken  to  produce,  or  to  assist 
6 


vomiting.     Externally,  they  are  often  used  in 
fomentations. 

The  O'leum  Antliem' idis  ■possess.QS  the  aromalio 
properties  of  the  plant,  but  not  the  bitter  aad 
tonic.  Consequently,  the  ' Chamomile  Drops'  a3 
sold  by  the  di'uggists,  must  be  devoid  of  the  lat- 
ter qualities.  They  are  made  by  adding  01. 
anthem,  f^j.  to  Sp.  vini  rectif.  Oj. 

Anthemis  Noveboracensis,  a.  Cotula. 
Anthemis  Odorata,  A.  cotula. 
An'themis  Py'rethritm,  Py'rethrum,  Anacyc'- 
Ins  pyrethrutn,  Pyrcthrum  vcrvm,  Buphlhal'muin 
Ore'ticum,  Denta' ria,  Hcrba  salioa'ris,  Pes  Alex- 
andri'nus,  Spanish  Chamomile,  Pellitory  of  Sp>airi. 
(F.)  Pyretlire,  Racine  salivaire.  Pied  d' Alexan- 
dre. The  root  is  hot  and  acrid,  its  acrimony  re- 
siding in  a  resinous  principle.  It  is  never  used 
except  as  a  masticatoryin  toothache,  rheumatism 
of  the  face,  paralysis  of  the  tongue,  <feo.  It  acts 
as  a  powerful  sialogogue. 

The  Pellitory  of  the  shops  in  Germany  is  said 
to  be  derived  from  Anacyc'lus  ojficina'rum;  a 
plant  cultivated  in  Thuringia  for  medicinal  pur- 
poses. 

An'themis  Tincto'ria,  Buphthal'mi  Herba, 
Dyer's  Chamomile,  a  European  plant,  has  a  bitter 
and  astringent  taste,  and  has  been  regarded  sto- 
machic and  vulnerary.  (F.)  Camomilie  des  Tein- 
turiers,  CEil  de  Boexf. 

Anthemis  Vulgaris,  Matricaria  Chamomilla. 
ANTHE'RA,  from  avdnpog,  'florid,'  so  called 
from  its  florid  colour.    A  remedy  compounded  of 
several  substances,  myrrh,  sandarac,  alum,  saf- 
fron, &c.     It  was  used  under  the  form  of  lini- 
ment, collyrium,  electuary,  and  powder. — Celsus, 
Galen. 
ANTHEREON,  Mentum. 
ANTHORA,  Aconitum  anthora — a.  Vulgaris, 
Aconitum  anthora. 

ANTHORIS'MA,  from  avrt,  'against,'  and 
of)i(T[ia,  'boundary.'  Tumor  diffu'sus.  A  tumor 
without  any  defined  margin. 

ANTHOS  :  see  Rosmarinus  —  a„  Sylvestris,. 
Ledum  sylvestre. 

ANTHRA'CIA,  from  av^pa^,  '  coal.'  Carbun'- 
eular  Exan'them.  An  eruption  of  tumours,  im- 
perfectly suppurating,  with  indurated  edges,  and,, 
for  the  most  part,  a  sordid  and  sanious  core.  A 
genus  in  the  order  Exantliematica,  class  Hce- 
matica  of  Good,  and  including  Plague  and  Yaws^ 
Anthracia,  Anthracosis — a.  Pestis,  Plague — ■ 
a.  Rubula,  Frambcesia. 

ANTHRACIOX,  see  Anthrax. 
AjST'THRACOID,  Anthvaco' des,  from    av^pa^^ 
'coal,'  and  ttio^,  'resemblance.'     (F.)   Charbon-- 
neux.     As  black   as  coal.     Accompanied  by  or 
resembling  anthrax. 

ANTHRACOMA,  Anthrax. 
ANTHRACONECROSIS,  see  Sphacelus. 
ANTURACOPHLYCTIS,  see  Anthrax. 
ANTHRACOSIA,  Anthrax. 
ANTHRACO'SIS,  Anthra'cia,    Oarho    Palpe- 
bra'rum,  from  av^pa^,  '  a  coal.'   A  species  of  car- 
buncle, which  attacks  the  eyelids  and  globe  of 
the  eye.  —  Paulns  of  u3Egina.     Also,  a  carbuncle 
of  any  kind.  It  has  been  used  for  the  "black  lun^ 
of  coal  miners,"  which  is  induced  by  carbona- 
ceous accumulation  in  the  lungs.     Pscudo-meh>. 
not'ic  formation,  (Carswell).      When  ulceration 
results' from  this  cause,  black  phthisis,  (F.)  Phthi- 
sic avec  Melanose,  exists.     See  Melanosis. 
Anthracosis  Pulmonfm,  see  Melanosis. 
ANTHRACOTYPHUS,  Plague. 
ANTHRAKOK'ALI,  Lithanthrahoh'alt,  from 
avdpa^,  'coal,'  and  kali,  'potassa.'    An  article  in- 
troduced as  a  remedy  in  cutaneous  diseases.     It 
is  formed  by  dissolving  carbonate  of  potassa  in 
10  or  12  paxts  of  boiling  wa*£r  agd  adding  a» 


ANTHRAX 


82 


ANTIBRACHIUM 


much  slacked  lime  as  will  separate  the  potassa. 
The  filtered  liquor  is  placed  on  the  fire  in  an  iron 
vessel,  and  suffered  to  evaporate,  until  neither 
froth  nor  eifervesoence  occurs,  and  the  liquid  pre- 
sents a  smooth  surface  like  oil.  To  this,  levigated 
coal  is  added  in  the  proportion  of  160  grammes 
to  192  grammes  of  potassa.  The  mixture  is 
stirred,  and  removed  from  the  fire,  and  the  stir- 
ring is  continued,  until  a  black  homogeneous 
powder  results.  A  auIpTiuretted  anthrakokali  is 
made  by  mixing  accurately  16  grammes  of  sul- 
phur with  the  coal,  and  dissolving  the  mixture  in 
the  potassa  as  directed  above.  The  dose  of  the 
simple  and  sulphuretted  preparations  is  about 
two  grains  three  times  a  day. 

ANTHRAX,  avOpa^,  '  a  coal,'  Antrax,  Carlo, 
Ruhi'nus  verus,  Oodesel'la,  Erythe'ma  gangrmno'- 
8um,  Grantris'tum,  Prima,  Per'sicus  Ignis,  Pyra, 
Granatris'twn.,  Phyma  Anthrax,  Erythema  an- 
thrax, Carbun'culus,  Anthraco'sia,  Anthraco'ma, 
Absces'sus  gangrmncs' cens,  A.  gangrceno'sus,  Fn- 
run'culus  malig'nus,  F.  gangrano'sua,  Onrhuncle, 
(F.)  Charbon.  An  inflammation,  essentially  gan- 
grenous, of  the  cellular  membrane  and  skin, 
which  may  arise  from  an  internal  or  external 
cause.  In  the  latter  case  it  is  called  Anthra' cion, 
Vesic'ula  gangrcenes'cena,  AtithracopMyc'tis,  Pvs- 
tule  maligne;  Bouton  d'Alep,  Feu  Persique,  {Per- 
sian fire),  Malvat,  Bouton  malin,  Puce  maligne,  and 
is  characterized  at  the  outset  by  a  vesication  or 
bleb  filled  with  a  sero-sanguinolent  fluid,  under 
which  a  small  induration  is  formed,  surrounded 
by  an  areolar  inflammation,  which  becomes  gan- 
grenous. It  has  been  thought  by  some  to  be  in- 
duced altogether  by  contact  with  the  matter  of 
the  carbuncle  of  animals,  or  of  the  exuvias  of 
the  bodies  of  such  as  had  died  of  the  disease, 
but  it  is  now  known  to  arise  primarily  in  the 
human  subject.  This  form  of  carbuncle  has  re- 
ceived different  names,  many  of  them  from  the 
places  where  it  has  prevailed; — Garbwn'culua 
contagio' iua  sen  GaVliciis  sou  Himga'ricus  sou 
Pqlon'icua  seu  Septentriona'lis,  llorbua puatulo'sua 
Fin'mcus,  Pus'tula  gangrmnoaa  seu  Liv'ida  Es- 
tho'nia,  Pemphigus  Ilitngar'icus. 

Anthrax  is  a  malignant  boil,  and  its  treatment 
is  similar  to  that  which  is  required  in  case  of 
gangrene  attacking  a  part. 

AffHRAX  PuLMONiiM,  Necropneumonia. 
ANTHRISCUS  CEREFOLIUM,  Seandix  ce- 
rcfo'liiim  —  a.  Ilumilis,  Chaerophyllum  Sylvestre 
— tt.  Procerus,  ChserophyUum  Sylvestre. 
ANTHROPE,  Cutis. 

ANTHROPIAT'RICA  (MEDICINA,)  from 
nv6pii>-os,  '  man,'  and  larpos,  '  a  physician.'     Me- 
dicine   applied   to   man  in  contradistinction    to 
animals. 
ANTIIROPOCHEMIA,  Chymistry  (human). 
ANTHROPOCIIYMY,  Chymistry,  (human). 
j4NTHR0P0GEN'IA,   Anthropjogen'esis,   An- 
thropog" eny ,  from   av&puyTro;,  'man,'   and  yevetn;, 
'  generation.'     The  knowlege,  or  study,  or  phe- 
nomena of  human  generation. 

ANTIIROPO G'R APHY,  Anthropograph'ia, 
'from  av0puTrof,  'man,'  and  ypaiprj,  'a  description.' 
Anthropology.  A  description  of  the  human  body. 
ANTHROPOL'ITHUS,  from  aveouiirog,  '  man,' 
and  \i9o;,  'a  stone.'  The  petrifaction  of  the 
hnman  body  or  of  any  of  its  parts.  Morbid  con- 
cretions in  the  human  body. 

AN  T II R  0  P  0  L'  0  G  Y,  Anthropolog"ia,  from 
./v^puTTof,  'man,,  and  'koyo';,  'a  discourse'  A 
*reatise  on  man.  By  some,  this  word  is  used  for 
the  science  of  the  structure  and  functions  of  the 
human  body.  Frequently,  it  is  employed  synony- 
mously with  Natural  History  and  Physiology  of 
vwn. 


A N  T  H  R  0  POMAGNETISMUS,  Magnetism, 
animal. 

ANTHRO'POMANCY,  Anthropomanti'a,  from 
avdpiiivos,  '  a  man,'  and  iiavrtia,  '  divination.'  Di- 
vination by  inspecting  the  entrails  of  a  dead  man. 
ANTIIROPOM'ETRY,  from av^pwros,  'aman,' 
and  ixcTpov,  '  measure.'  Measurement  of  the  di- 
mensions of  the  different  parts  of  the  humiin 
body. 

ANTHROPOMORPHUS,  Atropa  mandragora. 
ANTIIROPOPH'AGUS,  (F.)  Anthropo2)hage, 
from   av^piiiiros,,' &  man,'  and  <payu),  'I  eat.'     A 
name  given  to  one  who  eats  his  own  species. 

ANTHROPOPH'AGY,  Anthropopha'gia,  same 
etymon.     The  custom  of  eating  human  flesh.    A 
disease  in  which  there  is  great  deske  to  eat  it. 
ANTHROPOS,  Homo. 
ANTHROPOSCOPIA,  Physiognomy. 
ANTHROPOTOMY,  Andranatomia. 
ANTHUS.  Flos. 

ANTHYPNOT'IC,  Anthypnot'icm,  Antihyp- 
not'ic,  Agrypnot'ic,  from  avri,  'against,'  and 
'vKvuyTiKoi,  '  stupefj'ing.'     A  remedy  for  stupor. 

ANTHYPOCHON'DRIAC,  Anfhypochondri'- 
acuf!,  from  avri,  'against,'  and  'viro^oviptaKos,  'hy- 
pochondriac'    A  remedy  for  hypochondriasis. 

ANTHYSTER'IC,  Antihyster'ic,  Antihyater'- 
ic-ua,  from  avn,  'against,'  and  'varepa,  'the  ute 
rus.'     A  remedy  for  hysteria. 

ANTI,  avTi,  as  a  prefix,  in  composition,  gene 
rally  means  '  opposition.' 
ANTIADES,  Tonsils. 
ANTIADITIS,  Cynanche  tonsillaris. 
ANTIADON'CUS,  from  avriaScg,  'the  tonsils,' 
and  oyKos,  'tumour.'     A  swelling  of  the  tonsils. 
—  Swediaur.     Anti'ager  has  a  similar  meaning. 

Antiadoncus  Inflammatoeius,  Cynanche  ton- 
sillaris. 

ANTIAPOPLEC'TIC,  Antiapoplec'ticna,  Anta- 
poplec'ticua,  Apoplec'ticua,  from  avn,  '  against,' 
and  aTTovhj^ia,  'apoplexy.'  A  remedy  for  apo- 
plexy. 

ANTIARIS  TOXICARIA,  see  Upas. 
ANTIARTHRIT'IC,    Antarthrit'ic,     Antiar- 
thrit'icus,  Antipodag'ric,  from  avn,  'against,'  and 
apSpiris,   'the  gout,'   (F.)    Antigoutteux.     A   re- 
medy for  gout. 

ANTIASTHEN'IC,  Antiaathen'icus,  from  avn, 
'against,'  and  acdwua,  'debility.'  A  remedy  for 
debility. 

ANTIASTHMAT'IC,    Antiaathmat'icua,    An- 
tasthmat'icus,   from    avn,   '  against,'   and   acri*/ia, 
'  asthma.'     A  remedy  for  asthma. 
ANTIATROPHICUS,  Antatrophic. 
ANTIBALLOMENUM,  Succedaneum. 
ANTIBDELLA,  Antlia  sanguisuga. 
ANTIBRA'CHIAL,  Antibrach ia'lia.    That 
which  concerns  the  fore-arm.  —  Bichat.     J.  Clo- 
quet  suggests  that  the  word  should  be  written  an- 
tebrachial, from    ante,   'before,'    and    brachinm, 
'the  arm:' — as  antebrachial  region,  antebrachial 
aponeurosis,  Ac. 

Antebra'chial  Aponeuro'sis,  (F.)  Aponiv- 
rose  antebrachiale,  is  a  portion  of  the  aponeurotic 
sheath  which  envelops  the  whole  of  the  upper 
limb.  It  arises  from  the  brachial  aponeurosis, 
from  a  fibrous  expansion  of  the  tendon  of  the 
biceps  muscle,  from  the  epicondyle,  epitroehlea, 
and,  behind,  from  the  tendon  of  the  triceps  bra- 
ehialis.  Within,  it  is  inserted  into  the  cubituy. 
(fee;  and,  below,  is  confounded  with  the  two  an- 
nular ligaments  of  tho  carpus.  It  is  covered  by 
the  skin,  by  veins,  h'mphatics,  and  by  filnments 
of  superficial  nerves;  it  covers  the  muscles  of  the 
fore-arm,  adheres  to  them,  and  sends  between 
them  several  fibrous  septa,  which  serve  them  for 
points  of  insertion. 

ANTIBRACHIUM,  Fore-arjn. 


ANTIBROMIC 


83 


ANTILLY 


ANTIBEO'MIC,  Antibro'micus,  from  avn, 
'against,'  and  (iQtjifiOi,  'foetor.'  A  Deo' dorizer. 
An  agent  that  destroys  offensive  odours  —  as 
chloride  of  zinc,  simple  sulphate  of  alumina,  &c. 

ANTICACHEC'TIC,  Anticachec'ticus,  Antica- 
eochj/ni'ic,  from  avn,  'against,'  and  xa^e^ia,  'ca- 
chexy.'    A  remedy  against  cachexy. 

ANTICACOCHYMIC,  Anticachectic. 

ANTICAN'CEROUS,  Anticancero'sus,  Anti- 
cancro'sus,  Anticarcinom' atous,  Antiscir'rhous, 
from  avTi,  '  against,'  and  KagKivoi)ta,  '  cancer,'  car- 
cinoma.    Opposed  to  cancer. 

ANTICANCROSUS,  Antieancerous. 

ANTICARCINOMATOUS,  Antieancerous. 

ANTICARDIUM,  Fossette  du  cceur,  Scrobicu- 
lus  cordis. 

ANTICATAR'RHAL,  AnticatarrJia'lis,  Ant!- 
catarrhoiciis,  from  avri,  'against,'  and  /rarappoj, 
'catarrh.'    A  remedy  for  catarrh. 

ANTICAUSOD'IC,  Aiiticausof'ic,  Anticausod'- 
icus,  from  avn,  '  against,'  and  Kavcog,  '  a  burning 
fever.'  A  remedy  for  causus  or  inflammatory  fever. 

AMTICAUSOTIC,  Antieausodic. 

ANTICHEIR,  Pollex,  see  Digitus. 

ANTICIKERADICUS,  Antiscrofulous. 

ANTICHOLERICA,  Sophora  heptaphylla. 

ANTICIPATING,  Antic" ipans,  Antepo'nens, 
Prolept' iens.  A  periodical  phenomenon,  recur- 
ring at  progressively  shorter  intervals.  An  an- 
ticipating  intermittent  is  one  in  which  the  inter- 
vals between  the  paroxysms  become  progressively 

ANTICNEMIUM,  Shin. 

ANTICCEUR,  Scrobieulus  cordis. 

ANTICOL'IC,  J-iiti'eoZ'i'cifs,  from  avn,  'against,' 
and  K<ii\iKos,  '  the  colic'  That  which  is  opposed 
to  colic. 

ANTICOMMA,  Oontre-coup. 

ANTICOPE,  Contre-covp. 

ANTICRUSIS,  Contre-coup. 

ANTICRUSMA,  Contre-coup. 

ANTICUS,  Anterior. 

ANTIDARTREUX,  Antiherpetic. 

ANTIDEIXIS,  Counter-indication. 

ANTIDIARRIKE'IC,  Antidiarrhce'icus.  A 
remedy  for  diarrhoea.     Opposed  to  diarrhoea. 

ANTID'INIC,  Antidin'ieus,  Din'icus,  from  avn, 
'against,'  and  Sivoi,  'vertigo.'  Opposed  to  vertigo. 

AN'TIDOTAL,  Antidota'lis,  same  etymon  as 
antidote.  Relating  to  an  antidote ;  possessed  of 
the  powers  of  an  antidote. 

ANTIDOTA'RIUM,  from  avnSoTov,  'an  anti- 
dote.' A  dispensatory.  A  pharmacopoeia  or  for- 
mulary. 

AN'TIDOTE,  Antid'otum,  from  avn,  'against,' 
and  oiS(i)ni,  '  I  give.'  Originally  this  word  signi- 
fied an  interned  remedy.  It  is  now  used  synony- 
mously with  counter-jioison,  Antiphar'macum,  and 
signifies  any  remedy  capable  of  combating  the 
eifect  of  poisons. 

A  List  of  Substances  reputed  as  Antidotes. 


1.  Metals. 
Iron  Filings. 
Zinc  Filings. 

2.  Acids. 
Tannic  Acirt. 
Acetic  or  Citric  Acid. 

3.  Salts. 
Alkaline  or  Earthy  Sul- 
phates. 

Chloride  of  Sodium. 
Hypochlorite  of  Soda  or 
of  Lime. 

4.  Alkalines. 
Ammonia. 

Carbonatps  of  Ammonia. 
Carbonates  of  Soda. 
Magnesia. 

Carbonate  of  Magnesia. 
Lime  Water. 


Chalk. 
Soap. 

5.    Si'LPnoRETS. 

Sulphuretted    Hydrogen, 

dissolved  in  water. 
Sulphuret  of  Potassium. 

().   Haloids. 
Chlorine. 

7.  Metallic  Oxides. 
Hyriratc'd  Sesqui-oxide  of 

Iron. 
Mixed  Oxides  of  Iron. 
8.  Organic  Substances. 
Albuminous  Substances, 

(Albumen,  Casein,  and 

Gluten.) 
Starch. 
Oil.       

Animal  Charcoal. 


ANTIDOTUM    HERACLIDIS,    Enneaphax- 

macos — a.  Mithridatium,  Mithridate. 

ANTIDYKAMICA,  Debilitants. 

ANTIDYNOUS,  Anodyne. 

ANTIDYSENTER'IC,  Antidysenter'itms,  from 
avn,  'against,'  &vq,  'with  difficulty,'  and  evrtgov, 
'  intestine.'_    Opposed  to  dysentery. 

ANTIEMET'IC,  Antemet'ic,  Antiemet'icus, 
from  avn,  'against,'  and  tfitrtKos,  'emetic'  A 
remedy  for  vomiting. 

ANTIEPHIAL'TIC  or  ANTEPHIAL'TTC, 
Antiephial'ticus,  from  avn,  'against,'  and  £<pta\ 
r£f,  'nightmare.'     A  remedy  for  nia:htmare. 

ANTIEPILEP'TIC  or  ANTEPILEP'TIC, 
Antiepilep'ticns,  from  avn,  '  against,'  and  tui- 
Xrj^pia,  'epilepsy.'     A  remedy  for  ejjilepsy. 

ANTIFEBRILIS,  Febrifuge. 

ANTIGALAC'TIC,  Antigalac'ticus,  Anfilac'- 
teus,  from  avn,  'against,'  and  ya'Xa,  'milk.'  (F.) 
Antilaiteux.  Opposed  to  the  secretion  of  milk, 
or  to  diseases  caused  by  the  milk. 

ANTIG'ONI  COLLYR'IUM  NIGRUM,  5Zac* 
collyrium  of  Antig'onus.  It  was  composed  of 
cadmia,  antimony,  pepper,  verdigris,  gum  Arabic, 
and  water. 

ANTIGUA,  see  West  Indies. 

ANTIHiEMOPTYICUS,  Anthajmoptyicus. 

ANTIHEC'TIC,  Antitliee'ticus.  Anthec'ticue, 
from  avn,  'against,'  and  'e^is,  'habit  of  body.' 
The  Antihec'ticum  Pote'rii  is  the  white  oxyd  of 
antimony  ;  also  called  Diaphoret'iciim,  Jovia'le. 

ANTIHELIX,  Anthelix. 

ANTIHELMINTICUS,  Anthelmintic 

ANTIHEMORRHAG"IC,  Antihaimorrha,/'- 
icus,  AiithcBmorrhag"i.cus ;  from  avn,  'against,' 
and  'ainoppayia,  'hemorrhage.'  That  which  is 
against  hemorrhage ;  an  antihemorrhagic  re- 
medy. 

ANTIHEMORRHOID'AX,  Antihwmorrhoi- 
da'lis,  from  avn,  '  against,'  and  'at/joppoi&si,  '  he- 
morrhoids.'    A  remedy  for  hemorrhoids. 

ANTIHERPET'IC,  Antiher2^et'icus,  from  avri, 
' against,' and 'tpTTEf,  'herpes.'  {^ .)  Antidartreiiie. 
A  remedy  for  herpes. 

ANTIHYDROPHOB'IC,  Antihydrophoh'icus, 
Antylis'sus,  Ahjs'sus,  from  avn,  '  against,'  'vhmp, 
'water,'  and  ^ojios,  'dread.'  A  remedy  for  hy- 
drophobia. 

ANTIHYDROP'IC,  Antihydrop'icus,  Wydrop'- 
icus,  from  avn,  'against,'  and  'vSpuitp,  'dxopsy.' 
A  remedy  for  dropsy. 

ANTIHYPNOTIC,  Anthypnotic 

ANTIHYSTERIC,  Antihysteric 

ANTI-ICTERIC,  Anti-icfer'icus,  Icfer'iaw, 
from  avn,  'against,'  and  i/crtpoj,  'jaundice,'  A 
remedy  for  jaundice. 

ANTI-IMPETIGENES,  SOLOMON'S,  see 
Liquor  Ilydrargyri  oxymuriatis. 

ANTILABIUM,  Prolabium. 

ANTILACTEUS.  Antigalactic 

ANTILAITEUX,  Antigalactic 

ANTILEP'SIS,  Apprehen'sio,  from  avn\aft- 
Pavo),  '  I  take  hold  of.'  The  mode  of  attaching 
a  bandage  over  a  diseased  part,  by  fixing  it  upon 
the  sound  parts. — Hippocrates.  The  mode  of 
securing  bandages,  &c.,  from  slipping.  Treat- 
ment by  revulsion  or  derivation. 

ANTILETHAR'GIC,  Antihthar'gicus,  from 
avn,  'against,'  and  \riOapyiKog,  'affected  With 
lethargy.'     A  remedy  for  lethargy. 

ANTILITH'ICS,  Antilith'ica,  Lith'ica,  f'-o.ii- 
avn,  'against,'  and  A(9of,  'a  stone.'  A  substance 
that  prevents  the  formation  of  calculi  in  the 
urinary  organs. 

The  chief  antilithics — according  as  the  calculi 

are  lithic  acid   or  pbosphatic—  are  alkalies  or 

acids;  with  revellents,  especially  change  of  air; 

tonics,  as  diosma  crenata,  (?)  and  uva  ursi.  (?) 

ANTILLY,   MINERAL  WATERS    OF.     A 


ANTILOBIUM 


54 


ANTIMONIUM 


celebrated  Freneli  medicinal  spring,  near  Means, 
ia  France.  The  waters  have  not  been  analyzed  ; 
but  astonishing  and  chimerical  effects  have  been 
ascribed  to  them. 

ANTILOBIUM.  Antitragus,  Tragus. 

ANTILOI'MIC,  Antiloi' micus,  Antilce'mic,  An- 
tipestilentia'lis,  from  av-i,  '  against,'  and  Aoi/^oj, 
'  the  plague.'    A  remedy  for  the  plague. 

ANTIL'OPUS.  The  An'telope.  (F.)  Gazelle. 
An  African  animal,  whose  hoofs  and  horns  were 
furmerly  given  in  hysteric  and  epileptic  cases. 

ANTILYSSUS,  Antihydrophobic. 

AK'TIMEL'ANGHOLIC,  Antunel.anchol'icus, 
from  avTL,  'against,'  and  /(£:Xay;^oAja,  'melan- 
choly.'    A  remedy  for  melancholy. 

ANTIMEPHIT'IC,  Antimej>lnt'icns,  from  avri, 
'  against,'  and  mephitic.  A  remedy  against  me- 
phitic  or  deleterious  gases. 

ANTIMOINE,  Antimonium  —  a.  Beurre  cV, 
Antimonium  muriatum — a.  Ohlomre  d',  Antimo- 
jiium  muriatum — a.  Oxide  d',  Alga  roth — a.  Oxide 
hlanc.  d',  Antimonium  diaphoretieum  —  a.  Son/re 
dore  d',  Antimonii  sulphuretum  prseoipitatum — 
a.  Sulfm-e  d',  Antimonium — a.  Sulfure,  hydroml- 
2)hure  rouge  d',  Antimonii  sulphuretum  rubrum 
—  a.  Verre  d',  Antimonii  vitrum. 

ANTIMO'NIAL,  Antimonia'lis,  Stibia'b'Sffiom 
antimonium,  'antimony.'  A  composition  into 
which  antimony  enters.  A  preparation  of  anti- 
mony. 

Antimo'nial  Powdee,  Pulvia  antimonia'lis, 
Ox'idum  aiitimo'nii  cum  phos'jyhate  calcis,  Phoa- 
plMS  calcis  stibia'tus,  P.  Cal'cicum  etibia'tum, 
J*ulvis  Jame'sii,  Pidvis  stibia'tus,  Pulvis  de  phos'- 
phate  calcis  et  stib'ii  compoa'itus,  Factitious 
James's  Powder,  Schwanbeeg's  Fever  Powder, 
CuEXETix's  Antimonial  Powder,  (F.)  Poudre 
antimoniale  composee  ou  de  James.  A  peroxide 
of  antimony  combined  with  phosphate  of  lime. 
(  Take  of  oommon  sulphuret  of  antimony,  Ibj ; 
liartshorn  shavings,  tbij.  Roast  in  an  iron  pot, 
tintil  they  form  a  gray  powder.  Put  this  into  a 
long  pot,  with  a  small  hole  in  the  cover.  Keep 
it  in  a  red  heat  for  two  hours,  and  grind  to  a  fine 
powder.)  This  preparation  has  long  been  es- 
teemed as  a  febrifuge :  but  it  is  extremely  un- 
certain in  its  action.  The  ordinary  dose  is  6  or 
8  grains. 

ANTIMONIALE  CAUSTICUM,  Antimonium 
muriatum. 

ANTIMONIATUM  SULPHUR,  Antimonii 
sulphuretum  pra^cipitatum  —  a.  Tartar,  Antimo- 
nium tartarizatum. 

ANTIMONII  (BUTYRUM,)  Antimonium  mu- 
riatum— a.  Calx,  Antimonium  diaphoretieum — a. 
Cerussa,  Antimonium  diaphoretieum — a.  et  Po- 
tassse  tartras,  Antimonium  tartarizatum — a.  Mu- 
riaa,  Antimonium  muriatum — a.  Oleum,  Antimo- 
nium muriatum — a.  Oxydulum  hydrosulphuratum 
aurantiacum,  Antimonii  sulphuretum  prsecipita- 
tum — a.  Oxydum,  Algaroth — a.  Oxydum  auratum, 
Antimonii  sulphuratum  praecipitatum — a.Oxidum 
nitro-muriaticum,  Algaroth  —  a.  Oxydum  cnm 
riulphure  vitrifactum,  Antimonii  vitrum — a.  Oxy- 
dum sulphuretum  vitrifactum,  Antimonii  vitrum 
— a.  Oxy sulphuretum,  A.  sulphuretum  prsecipi- 
tatum — a.  Potassio-tartras,  Antimonium  tartari- 
y.atum — a.  Regulus  medicinalis,  Antimonium  me- 
dicinale — a.  Sal,  Antimonium  tartarizatum — a. 
iSulphur  auratum,  Antimonii  sulphuretum  prae- 
cipitatum — a.  Sulphur  praecipitatum,  Antimonii 
sulphuretum  priEcipitatum — a.  Sulphuretum,  An- 
timonium— a.  Tartras,  Antimonium  tartarizatum 
—  a.  Tartras  et  Potassae,  Antimonium  tartariza- 
liHii — a.  Vitrum  hyacinthinum,  Antimonii  vitrum. 
A\timo'nii  Siilphuee'tum  Peecipita'tum, 
Sulphur  antimonia'tum.,  Jlydrosnlphure'tum  sti- 
ito'sum  cum  xufphure,  Oxo'des  stib'ii  sulphnra'- 


tum,  Oxyd'idum  antimo'nii  JiydrosiilpTiura'tum 
auranti' acum,  Ox'ydMm  aura'tum  antimo'nii,  Sul- 
pliure'tum  stib'ii  oxydula'ti,  Hydro-sulfure'tum 
lu'teum  ox'ydi  stib'ii  sulfura'ti,  Sulphur  antimo'- 
nii prcscipita'tiim,  Sulphur  aura'tum  antimo'nii. 
Golden  Suljihur  of  Antimony. 

Antimo'nii  Sidphure'ttimPrcBcipitatum,  A.Oxy- 
sulphwetum,  (F.)  Soufre  dore  d'Antimoine,  of  the 
London  Pharmacopoeia,  is  nearly  the  same  as  the 
old  Kermes  Mineral.  It  is  a  powder  of  an  orange 
colour,  of  a  metallic,  styptic  taste.  It  is  emetic, 
diaphoretic,  and  cathartic,  according  to  the  dose  : 
and  has  been  chiefly  used  in  chronic  rheumatism, 
and  in  cutaneous  affections.    Dose,  gr.  j.  to  gr.  iv. 

Antimonii  SulpJiuretum  Prmcipitatum  of  tho 
United  States  Pharmacopceia,  is  made  by  boiling 
together  Sulphuret  of  Antimony,  in  fine  powder, 
Solution  of  Potassa,  and  distilled  water ;  strain- 
ing the  liquor  while  hot,  and  dropping  into  it 
Diluted  Sidphuric  Acid  so  long  as  it  produces  a 
precipitate. 

Antimo'nii  StTLPHtrEE'TUM  Rubeum,  Red  SuV- 
phuret  of  An'timony,  Hydrosulfure'twm  stib'ii 
rubrum,  Sub-hydrosuVfas  stib'ii,  Hydro-sulphure' - 
turn  rubrum  stib'ii  sulphura'ti,  Pulvis  Oarthvsi- 
ano'rum,  Kermes  mineral,  (F.)  Hydrosidfure 
rouge  d'Antimoine  sidfure,  Vermilion  de  Provence. 
Properties  the  same  as  the  last.  Dose,  gr.  j.  t<> 
gr.  iv. 

AjlTlMO'Nn  VlTEUM,  GlasB  of  Antimony,  Anti- 
mo'nii ox'ydyum  snlphure'tum  vitrifac'tum,  Ox'- 
ydnm  stib'ii  semivit'reum,  Antimo'nium  vitrifac'- 
tum, Ox'idum  antimo'nii  cum  suVphure  vitrifac'- 
tum, Vitrum  stib'ii,  Antimo'nii  vitrum  hyacin'- 
thinum,  Oxyd'idum  stib'ii  vitrca'ttim,  (F.)  Verre 
d'Antimoine.  (Formed  by  roasting  powdered 
common  antimony  in  a  shallow  vessel,  over  a 
gentle  fire,  till  it  is  of  a  whitish  gray  colour,  and 
emits  no  fumes  in  a  red  heat;  then  melting  it,  on 
a  quick  fire,  into  a  clean,  brownish-red  glass.) 
It  has  been  used  for  preparing  the  tartarized 
antimony  and  antimonial  wine. 

ANTIMONIOUS  ACID,  Antimonium  dia- 
phoreticum. 

ANTIMO'NIUM,  from  avri,  'against,'  and 
Itovos,  'alone;'  ■;'.  e.  not  found  alone:  or  accord- 
ing to  others,  from  avTi,  'against,'  and  moine,  'a 
monk;'  because,  it  is  asserted,  certain  monks 
suffered  much  from  it.  Stibi,  Stib'ium,  Eeg'ulun 
Antimo'nii,  Minera'lium,  GyncBce'um,  Magne'sia 
Satur'ni,  Marcasi'ta  plum'bea,  Platyophthal'mon, 
Stim'mi,  Aurum  lepro'sum,  Antimo'nium  crudum, 
Antimo'nii  sulphure'tum,  Suljjhure'tum  stib'ii  ni- 
grum, Oommon  Antimony,  Sulphuret  of  Antimony, 
(F.)  Antimoine,  Sulfure  d'Antimoine.  Sulphuret 
of  antimony  is  the  ore  from  which  all  the  prepa- 
rations of  antimony  are  formed.  In  Pharmacy, 
it  is  the  native  sesquisulphuret  of  antimony,  puri- 
fied by  fusion.  When  prepared  for  medical  use, 
by  trituration  and  levigation,  it  forms  a  powder 
of  a  black,  or  bluish  gray  colour,  which  ia  inso- 
luble. It  is  slightly  diaphoretic  and  alterative, 
and  has  been  used  in  chronic  rheumatism,  cuta- 
neous diseases,  Ac. 

Antimoxidji  Album,  Bismuth. 

Antimo'nium  Calcinatum,  Antimonium  dia- 
phoretieum. 

Antimo'nium  Diaphoeet'icum,  Dinphoret'ic 
Antimony,  Anfimo'nious  Acid,  Min'eral  Bez'onrd, 
Antimo'nium  Oalcina'tum,  3/incral  Diaphoret'iv, 
Ifatiere  perlce  de  KEEKRING,  Peroxide  of  Anti- 
mony, Calx  Antimo'nii,  Antimo'nium  diaphorel'- 
icum  lotum,  Ocrus'sa  Antimo'nii,  Calx  Antimo'nii 
elo'ta,  Oxo'dcs  stib'ii  album,  Ox'idum  stibio'sum, 
Deutoxide  of  An'timony,  Ox'idum  stib'ii  album 
median'te  nitro  confectum,  Potassa  biantimo'nias, 
(F.)  Oxide  blanc  d' Antimoine  prepari  par  U 
moyen  du  nitre.   (^Common  antimony,  Ibj  ;  purijied 


ANTIMONY,  BUTTER  OP 

nitre,  ftiij. — Throw  it  by  spoonfuls  into  a  red-hot 
crucible ;  powder  and  wa«h.  The  flowers  that 
Btick  to  the  side  of  the  crucible  must  be  carefully 
separated,  otherwise  they  render  it  emetic.) 
Dose,  gr.  x.  to  xxx. 

Antimonidm  E-Meticum,  a.  tartarizatum. 

Antimo'nium  Medicina'le,  Reg'ulus  Antimo'- 
tJi'i  i[edicina'  lis,  Medicinal  Heg'ulus  of  Antimony. 
(Antimon.  sulphur,  ^v.  Potass,  suhcarb.  2|i-  Sodii 
chlorid.  §iv.  Powder,  mix,  and  melt.  When 
cold,  separate  the  scoriaj  at  top,  powder  the  mass, 
and  wash  it  well.)  It  is  conceived  to  be  more 
active  than  common  antimony. 

Antiito'nium  Muria'tum,  Antimo'nii  3Iu'rias, 
Ohlor'uret  of  An'timony,  Clilorure'tum  stib'ii, 
Spuma  trium  draco'num,  Deuto-mwias  stib'ii 
3ublima'tics,  Butter  of  Antimony,  Muriate  of  An- 
timony, Chloride  of  Antimony,  Buty'rum  Antimo' 
uii,  O'leuni  Antimo'nii,  Buty'rum  stib'ii,  Caus'- 
ticum  antimonia'le,  Antimonium  sali'tum,  (F.) 
Ohlorure  d'Antimoine,  Beurre  d' Antimoine.  (Com- 
mon antimony  and  corrosive  sublimate,  of  each 
equal  parts  :  grind  together,  and  distil  in  a  wide- 
necked  retort,  and  let  the  butyraceous  matter 
that  comes  over,  run,  in  a  moist  place,  to  a  liquid 
oil.)  A  caustic,  but  not  much  used  as  such. 
Sometimes  taken  as  poison. 

Antimonium  Salitum,  Antimonium  muriatum. 

Antimo'nium  Taktariza'tum,  Tartris  Anti- 
mo'nii, Tartar  Antimonia' turn,  Sal  Antimo'nii, 
Tartraa  Potas'sm  stibio'sua  seu  stibia'lis,  Tartris 
lixiv'icB  stibia'tus,  Beuto-tartras potas' sm  et  stib'ii, 
Tar'tarus  emet'icus,  Tar'tarum  emet'icum,  Tartras 
antimo'nii,  Tartras  Antimo'nii  et  PotasscB,  Anti- 
mo'nii et  PotasscB  Tartras  (Ph.  U.  S.),  Antimo'nii 
potas' sio-tartras,  Antimo'nium  emet'icum,  Tar'- 
tarized  An'timony,  Tartrate  of  An'timony  and 
pota-s'sa,  Potassio-tartrate  of  Antimony,  Emet'ic 
Tartar,  Tartar  Emetic,  (F.)  Tartre  stibie,  Tartre 
Emetique,  Emetique  ;  in  some  parts  of  the  United 
States,  vulgarly  and  improperly  called  Tartar; 
(Made  by  digesting  sulphuret  of  antimony  in  a 
mixture  oi  nitric  and  muriatic  acids  viiih  the  aid 
of  heat ;  filtering  the  liquor,  and  pouring  it  into 
mater :  freeing  the  precipitate  from  acid,  by 
washing  and  drying  it;  adding  this  powder  to 
bitartrate  of  potassa  in  boiling  distilled  leater ; 
boiling  for  an  hour,  and  after  filtering  the  liquor 
while  hot,  setting  it  aside  to  crystallize. — Ph.  U.  S.) 
Tartarized  antimony  is  emetic,  sometimes  ca- 
thartic and  diaphoretic.  Externally,  it  is  rube- 
facient. Dose,  as  an  emetic,  gr.  j.  to  gr.  iv.  in 
solution :  as  a  diaphoretic,  gr.  one-sixteenth  to 
gr.  one-quarter. 

The  empirical  preparation,  called  Norris's 
Drops,  consist  of  a  solution  of  tartarized  anti- 
mony in  rectified  spirit,  disguised  by  the  addi- 
tion of  some  vegetable  colouring  matter. 

Antimonium  Vitrifactum,  Antimonii  vitrum. 

ANTIMONY,  BUTTER  OF,  Antimonium  mu- 
riatum— a.  Chloride  of,  Antimonium  muriatum — 
a.  Chloruret  of,  Antimonium  muriatum — a.  Deu- 
toxide  of,  Antimonium  diaphoreticum — a.  Flowers 
of,  Algaroth  —  a.  Glass  of,  Antimonii  vitrum — a. 
Golden  sulphur  of,  Antimonii  sulphuretum  prse- 
eipitatum — a.  Medicinal,  regulus  of,  Antimonium 
medicinale — a.  Muriate  of,  Antimonium  muria- 
tum— a.  Peroxide  of,  Antimonium  diaphoreticum 
— a.  Potassio-tartrate  of,  Antimonium  tartariza- 
tum— a.  Submuriate  of.  Protoxide  of,  Algaroth — 
a.  Sulphuret  of,  red,  Antimonii  sulphuretum  ru- 
brum — a.  Tartarized,  Antimonium  tartarizatum 
— a.  Vegetable,  Eupatorium  perfoliatum. 

Antimony  and  Potassa,  Tartrate  of,  Anti- 
monium tartarizatum. 

ANTINEPHRIT'IC,  Antinephret'ic,  Antine- 
phret'icus,  from  avTi,  'against,'  and  vtipgirig,  'ne- 
phritis.' A  remedy  for  inflammation  of  the  kidney. 


85  ANTIPHLOGISTIC 

ANTINEUROPATHIC,  Nervine. 

ANTINEUROTIC,  Nervine. 

ANTINIAD,  see  Antinial. 

ANTIN'IAL,  from  avn,  'against,'  and  ivinr, 
'the  ridge  of  the  occiput.'  An  epithet  for  an 
aspect  towards  the  side  opposite  to  the  inion,  or 
ridge  of  the  occiput. — Barclay.  Antiniad  is  used 
adverbially  by  the  same  writer,  to  signify  'to- 
wards the  antinial  asi^ect.' 

ANTI'OCHI  HI 'ERA.  A  preparation  ex- 
tolled by  the  ancients  in  melancholy,  hydropho- 
bia, epilepsy,  &c.  It  was  formed  of  germander, 
a.garic,  pulp  of  colocynth,  Arabian  stoechas,  opo- 
ponax,  sagapenum,  parsley,  aristolochia,  white 
pepper,  cinnamon,  lavender,  myrrh,  honey,  &c. 

Antiochi  Theriaca.  a  theriac  employed  by 
Antiochus  against  every  kind  of  poison.  It  was 
composed  of  thyme,  opoponax,  millet,  trefoil, 
fennel,  aniseed,  nigella  sativa,  <fec. 

ANTIODONTAL'GIC,  Antodontal'gic,  Ar.to- 
dontal'gicus.  Odontalgic,  Odont'ioj  Antiodontcd' - 
gicus,  from  avn,  'against,'  and  oSovraXyia,  'tooth- 
ache.'    A  remedy  for  toothache. 

ANTIORGAS'TIC,  Antiorgas'ticna,  from  avrt, 
'against,'  and  opYa(^)  'I  desire  vehemently.'  A 
remedy  for  orgasm  or  erethism,  and  for  irritation 
in  general. 

ANTIPARALYT'IC,  Antiparalyt'icus,  from 
avTi,  'against,'  and  rapaAuonf,  'palsy.'  Opposed 
to  palsy. 

ANTIPARASIT'IC,  Antiparasit'icns,  Anti- 
phtheiriacus,  Phthi'rius,  Parasit'icide;  from  avn, 
'against,'  and  TrapaaiTo;,  'a  parasite.'  An  agent 
that  destroys  parasites,  as  the  different  vermin 
that  infest  the  body.  The  chief  antiparasitics 
are  Oocculus,  Staphisagria,  Veratrum  album,  and 
certain  of  the  mercurial  preparations. 

ANTIPARASTATI'TIS,  from  avn,  'opposite,' 
and  irapacTarris,  'the  epididymis;'  also,  'the  pros- 
tate,' and  itis,  denoting  inflammation.  Inflam- 
mation of  Cowper's  glands. 

ANTIPATHI'A,  from  avn,  'against,'  and 
TaQo;,  '  passion,  affection.'  Aversion.  A  natui'al 
repugnance  to  any  person  or  thing. 

ANTIPATH'IC,  Antipath'icus,  (F.)  Antipa- 
thique.  Belonging  to  antipathy.  Opposite,  con- 
trary,— as  humeurs  antiijathiques ;  humours  op- 
posed to  each  other.     Also,  palliative. 

ANTIP'ATRI  THERIACA,  Theriac  of  An- 
tip'ater.  a  farrago  of  more  than  40  articles : 
used  as  an  antidote  against  the  bites  of  serpents. 

ANTIPERIOD'IC,  Antiperiod'icus,  Antityp'- 
icus,  from  am,  'against,'  and  irtpioBog,  'period.' 
A  remedy  which  possesses  the  power  of  arresting 
morbid  periodical  movements; — e.  g.  the  sulphate 
of  quinia  in  intermittents. 

ANTIPERISTAL'TIC,  Antiperistal'ticus,  An- 
tivermic'ular,  from  avn,  'against,'  and  -irepicTcXXw, 
'I  contract.'  An  inverted  action  of  the  intestinal 
tube. 

ANTIPERIS'TASIS,  from  avn,  'against,'  and 
TTcpicTaai;,  'reunion,  aggregation.'  A  union  of 
opposite  circumstances :  the  action  of  two  con- 
trary qualities,  one  of  which  augments  the  force 
of  the  other.  The  peripateticians  asserted,  that 
it  is  by  Antiperistasis,  that  fire  is  hotter  in  winter 
than  in  summer.  Theophrasius  attributes  the 
cause,  which  renders  man  more  vigorous,  and 
makes  him  digest  more  readily  in  winter,  to  the 
augmentation  of  heat  caused  by  Antiperistasis. 

ANTIPER'NIUS,  from  avn,  'against,'  and 
Pernio,  'a  chilblain.'  A  remedy  against  chil- 
blains;—  as  Unguen'tum  antiper'nium,  an  oint- 
ment for  chilblains. 

ANTIPERTUSSIS,  see  Zinci  sulphas. 

ANTIPESTILENTIALIS,  Antiloimic. 

ANTIPHARMACUS,  Alexipharmic. 

ANTIPHLOGIS'TIC,  Antiphlogis'ticus,  fi-om 


ANTIPHTHBIRIACA 


86 


ANTRUM 


tvTi,  'against,'  and  ^Xeyu,  *I  bum.'  Opposed 
ti>  inflammation ; — as  Antiphlogistic  remedies,  A. 
regimen,  &c. 

ANTIPHTHEIRIACA,  AntiphtJiiriaca,  from 
avTi,  'against/  and  ^Ssipiaa,  'I  am  lousy.'  A 
remedy  used  to  destroy  lice. 

ANTIPHTHIS'ICAL,  AntiphtMs'icus,  from 
avri,  '  against/  and  (p^iais,  '  consumption.'  Op- 
posed to  phthisis. 

ANTIPHYSICA,  Carminatives. 
ANTIPHYS'ICAL,   Antiphya'icus,  from  avri, 
'against/  and  (pvaeui,  'I  blow.'    An  expeUer  of 
wind :  a  carminative. 

It  has  also  been  used  for  any  thing  preterna- 
tural; here,  the  derivation  is  from  avn,  'against,' 
and  <f>vais,  'nature.'  The  French  sometimes  say, 
'Un  gout  antiphysique,'  '  an  unnatural  taste.' 

ANTIPLAS'TIC,  Antijdas'ticus,  Plastihjt'ic, 
Plastihjt'icv.s,  from  avri,  'against,'  and  TrXao-TiKos, 
*  formative.'  Antiformative.  An  agent  that  dimi- 
nishes the  quantity  of  plastic  matter — fibrin — in 
the  blood. 

ANTIPLEURIT'IC,  Antipleuret'icm,  Anti- 
pleuret'ic,  from  avri,  'against,'  and  TrXtupms, 
'  pleurisy.'     Opposed  to  pleurisy. 

ANTIPNEUMON'IC,  Antipneumon'ieus,  from 
avTi,  '  against,'  and  wtvyuiivia,  '  disease  or  inflam- 
mation of  the  lungs.'  A  remedy  for  disease  or 
inflammation  of  the  lungs. 

ANTIPODAGRIC,  Antiarthritic. 
ANTIPRAX'IS,    from  avn,   'against/  and 
iroao-o-u,   'I  act.'     A  contrary  state  of  different 
piarts  in  the  same  patient:  e.  g.  an  increase  of 
heat  in  one  organ,  and  diminution  in  another. 

ANTIPSOR'IC,   Antipso'ricus,  Antisca'bious, 
from  avTi,  'against,'  and  4'upa,  'the  itch.'     (F.) 
Antic/aleux.     Opposed  to  the  itch. 
ANTIPUTRID,  Antiseptic. 
ANTIPY'IC,  Antipy'ictis,  from  avn,  '  against,' 
and  TTvov,  '  pus.'     Opposed  to  suppuration. 
ANTIPYRETIC,  Febrifuge. 
ANTIPYROT'IC,   Antfpyrot'icus,   from   avri, 
'against/  and  wup,  'fire.'     Opposed  to  burns  or 
to  pjTosis. 

ANTIQUARTANA'RIUM,  Antiquar'tium.    A 
remedy  formerly  used  against  quartan  fever. 
ANTIQUUS,  Chronic. 

ANTIRHACHIT'IC,  Antirhachit'icus,  from 
avTi,  'against,'  and  rachitis.  Opposed  to  rachitis, 
or  rickets. 

ANTIRHEUMAT'IC,  Antirrheumat'icus;  from 
avTi,  'against,'  and  ptv/^a,  'rheumatism.'  A  re- 
medy for  rheumatism. 

ANTIRHINUM  ACUTANGULUM,  A.  Lina- 
ria — a.  Auriculatum,  A.  Elatine. 

Antihhi'num  Elati'ne,  A.  auricula' turn,  E. 
hasta'ta,  Elati'ne,  Lina'ria  elati'ne,  Cymhala'ria 
elati'ne,  Fluellen  or  Female  Speedwell,  was  for- 
merly used  against  scurvy  and  old  ulcerations. 

Antirhi'nuji  Hederaceum,  a.  Linaria  —  a. 
Heder^folium,  A.  Linaria. 

Antirhi'num  Lina'ria,  A.   hedera'ceum   seu 
hedercefo'lium,    seu    acutan'gidum,    Lina'ria,    L. 
rulga'ris    seu    cymhala'ria,    Elati'ne    cymhala'- 
ria,   Oymhala'ria   mura'lis,    Osy'ria,    Urina'ria, 
Common   Toad  Flax,  (F.)  Linaire.     The  leaves 
have  a  bitterish  taste.     They  are  reputed  to  be 
diuretic  and  cathartic.     An  ointment  made  from 
them  has  been  extolled  in  hemorrhoids, 
ANTISCABIOUS,  Antipsoric. 
ANTISCIRRHOUS,  Anticancerous. 
ANTISCOLETICUS,  Anthelmintic. 
AXTISCOLICUS,  Anthelmintic. 
ANTISCORBU'TIC,    Antiacorbu'ticus,    from 
avTt,  'against,'  and  scorbutus,  'the  scurvy.'     Op- 
j/osed  to  scurvy. 

ANTISCROF'ULOUS,  Antiscroph'ulous,  An- 
$itcrofulo'aiis,  Antiatrumo'aus,  Antichaerad'icua. 
Opposed  to  Bcrofula. 


ANTISEP'TIC,  Antisep't'xcica,  Antipu'trid, 
from  avTi,  'against,'  and  otjittos,  'putrid.'  Anti- 
putredino'sus.  Opposed  to  putrefaction.  The 
chief  antiseptics,  internally  or  externally  em- 
ployed, are  Acidum  iluriaticum,  Acidum  Nitri- 
cum,  Acidum  Sulphuricum,  Alumina  sulphas, 
Carbo  Ligni,  Oalx  Ghlorinata,  Chlorinum,  Cin- 
chona and  its  active  principles,  Oreasote,  Da.uci 
Radix,  Fermentum  Cerevisim,  Soda  Ohlwinata, 
and  Zinei  Ohloridmn. 

ANTISIAL'AGOGUE,  Antisialago'gus,  Anti- 
si'alus,  from  avri,  '  against,'  and  ata)^ov,  '  saliva.' 
A  remedy  against  ptyalism. 

ANTISPASIS,  Derivation,  Revulsion. 
ANTISPASMOD'IC,  Antispasmod'icus,  Anti. 
spas'ticus,  from  avri,  'against,'  and  ffTraw,  'I  con- 
tract.' Opposed  to  spasm.  The  whole  operation 
of  antispasmodics  is  probably  revulsive.  The 
following  are  the  chief  reputed  antispasmodics. 
jEther  Sulphuricus,  Asafcetida,  Gastorewn,  Dra- 
contium,  Moschua,  Oleum  Animale  Dippelii,  and 
Valeriana — with  the  mental  antispasmodics,  ab- 
straction, powerful  emotions,  fear,  &c.  Of  direct 
antispasmodics,  we  have  no  example. 

ANTISPASTICUS,  Antispasmodic,  Deriva- 
tive. 
ANTISTASIS,  Antagonism. 
ANTISTERIG'IVIA,  from  avn,  'against,' and 
crrjpv/fta,  '  a  Support.'   A  fulcrum,  support,  crutch. 
— Hippocrates. 

ANTISTER'NUM,  from  arvi,  'against/  and 
cTtuvov,  '  the  sternum.'     The  back. — Rufus. 
ANTISTRUMOUS,  Antiscrofulous. 
ANTISYPHILIT'IC,  Antisyiihilit'icu},   from 
avTi,  'against,'  and  syphilis,  'the  veneiial  dis- 
ease.'    Opposed  to  the  venereal  disease. 
ANTITASIS,  Counter-extension. 
ANTITHENAR,  Opponens  pollicis,  Adductor 
poUicis  pedis. 

ANTITHERMA,  Refrigerants. 
ANTITHORA,  Aconitum  anthora. 
ANTITRAG'ICUS,  Antitra'geus,  (F.)  dinscle 
de  I' Antitragua,  31.  antitragien. — (Ch.)  Belong- 
ing to  the  antitragus.  A  small  mnsele  is  so 
called,  the  existence  of  which  is  not  constant. 
It  occupies  the  space  between  the  antitragus  and 
anthelix. 

ANTITRAGIEN,  Antitragicus. 
ANTIT'RAGUS,  from  avn,  'opposite  to/  and 
rpayof,  'the  tragus,'    Antilo'bium,  Gblo'bium.    A 
conical  eminence  on  the  pavilion  of  the  ear,  op- 
posite the  tragus. 

ANTITTP'IA,  from  avn,  'against,'  and  mrTia, 
'I  strike.'  Resistance.  Ilardness.  Repercussion. 
ANTITYPICUS,  Antiperiodie. 
ANTI^^ENE'REAL,  Antivene'reua,  from  uvn, 
'against/  and  Venus,  'Venus.'  The  same  as  An- 
tisyphilitio.  Formerly  it  was  used  synoBymously 
with  Antaphrodisiac. 

ANTIVERMICULAR,  Antiperistaltic, 
ANTIVERMINOSUS,  Anthelmintic. 
ANT 'LI  A   or   ANTLI'A,  from   avrXtu',    'to 
pump  out.'     A  syringe;  a  pump.     Hence,  Antlia 
lac' tea,  Lactisu'gium,  a  breast-pump:  and  Antlia 
sanguisu'ga,  Antibdella,  Hiru'do  artificia'lis,  the 
exhausting  syringe  used  in  cupping. 
Antlia  Gastrica,  Stomach-pump. 
ANTODONTALGIC.  Antiodontalgic. 
ANTODYNUS,  Anodyne. 
ANTRAX,  Anthrax. 

ANTRE,  Antrum  —  a.  d'Eyghmore,  Antrum 
of  Highmore. 

ANTROVERSIO,  Anteversio. 

ANTRUM,  'A  cavern,'  Cavern'a,  Bar'athrum, 

(F.)  Antre.     A  name  given  to  certain  cavities  in 

bone.s,  the  entrance  to  which  is  smaller  than  the 

bottom. 

Antrum  Auris,  Tympanum  —  a.  Buccinosum, 


ANULUS 


87 


APERIENT 


Cochlea,  Labyrinth  —  a.  Dentale,  see  Tooth  —  a. 
Pylori,  see  Stomach. 

Antrum  op  IIighmore,  Antrum  Highmoria'- 
num,  AntriiM  Gcna,  Antrum  maxilla're  vcl  max- 
il'IcB  superio'ris,  Genyan'trum,  Max'illart/  Sini(9, 
Sinus  Genai  pituita'rius,  (F.)  Antre  d'Hyghmore, 
Sinus  Maxillaire.  A  deep  cavity  in  the  sub- 
stance of  the  superior  maxillary  bone  communi- 
cating with  the  middle  meatus  of  the  nose.  It 
is  lined  by  a  prolongation  of  the  Schneiderian 
membrane. 

ANULUS,  Fossette. 

ANURESIS,  Ischuria. 

ANURIA,  Ischuria. 

ANUS,  '  a  circle,'  Podex,  Potex,  Mol'yne,  3fo- 
lyn'ie,  Dactyl'ios,  Oath'edra,  Oyr'ceon,  Cys'saros, 
Gysthos,  Aph'edra,  Aph'edron,  Hedra,  Proctos, 
Arehos,  Sedes,  Cuius,  Cu'leon.  The  circular  open- 
ing situate  at  the  inferior  extremity  of  the  rectum, 
by  which  the  excrement  is  expelled.  Ihe  funda- 
ment.   The  seat.    The  body.    The  seat,  (F.)  Siege. 

Anus  also  signifies  the  anterior  orifice  of  the 
Aqueduct  of  Sylvius.  By  some,  this  Anus,  called 
also,  Fora'men  commu'ne  poste'rius,  has  been 
supposed  to  form  a  communication  between  the 
back  part  of  the  third  ventricle  and  the  lateral 
ventricles.  It  is  closed  up,  however,  by  the  tela 
choroidea,  and  also  by  the  fornix,  which  is  inti- 
mately connected  with  this.  The  foramen  is 
situate  between  the  eommissura  mollis  of  the 
optic  thalami  and  the  pineal  gland. 

Anus,  Artificial.  An  opening  made  artifi- 
cially, to  supply  the  natural  anus.  The  term  is 
often  used  to  include  preternatural  anus. 

Anus,  Contracted,  (F.)  Anus  retreci.  A  state 
of  the  anus  when,  from  some  cause,  it  is  con- 
Btrieted.  ' 

Anus,  Imperforate.  A  malformation,  in 
which  there  is  no  natural  anus.  See  Atresia  ani 
adnata. 

Anus,  Preternat'ural,  (F.)  Anus  contre  na- 
ture, A.  anormal.  An  accidental  opening  which 
gives  issue  to  the  whole  or  to  a  part  of  the  faeces. 
It  may  be  owing  to  a  wound,  or,  which  is  most 
common,  to  gangrene  attacking  the  intestine  in 
a  hernial  sac. 

This  term  is  also  employed,  as  well  as  Anus 
devie,  devious  anus,  to  the  case  where  the  anus,  in- 
stead of  being  in  its  natural  situation,  is  in  some 
neighbouring  cavity,  as  the  bladder,  vagina,  &c. 

ANXI'ETY,  Anxi'eta^,  Anxi'etude,  Admmo'- 
nia,  Dyspho'ria  anxi'etas,  Alys'mus,  Al'yce,  AV- 
ysis,  Ase,  from  angere,  Gr.  ay)(^E.iv,  'to  strangle, 
to  suffocate.'  A  state  of  restlessness  and  agita- 
tion, with  general  indisposition,  and  a  distressing 
sense  of  oppression  at  the  epigastrium.  Inquie- 
tude, anxiety,  and  anguish,  represent  degrees  of 
the  same  condition. 

ANYPNIA,  Insomnia. 

AOCHLE'SIA,  from  a,  priv.,  and  oy^\oq,  'dis- 
turbance.'    Tranquillity.     Calmness. 

AOR'TA,  Arte'ria  magna,  A.  crassa,  A.  max'- 
ima,  HcBmal  Axis,  of  Owen.  (F.)  Aorte.  This 
name  was  given  by  Aristotle  to  the  chief  artery 
of  the  body.  It  may  have  been  derived  from 
aopreofiat,  '  I  am  suspended,'  as  it  seems  to  be 
suspended  from  the  heart;  or  from  arjp,  'air,'  and 
Trip€(d,  '  I  keep,'  because  it  was  supposed  to  con- 
tain air.  It  is  probable  that  Hippocrates  meant 
by  aoprai  the  bronchia  and  their  ramifications. 
The  aorta  is  the  common  trunk  of  the  arteries  of 
the  body.  It  arises  from  the  left  ventricle  of  the 
heart,  about  opposite  to  the  fifth  dorsal  vertebra, 
passes  upwards  {ascending  Aorta,)  forms  the  great 
arch  of  the  Aorta,  and  descends  along  the  left 
of  the  spin",  {dcscpnding  Aorta,)  until  it  reaches 
the  middle  of  the  fourth  or  fifth  lumbar  vertebra, 
where  it  bifurcates,  to  give  origin  to  the  common 


iliacs.  The  aorta  is  sometimes  divided  into  the 
Thoracic  or  pectoral,  and  the  Ahdomimd.  F(>r 
the  arteries  which  arise  from  it,  ke.,  see  Artery. 

AORTEURYS'MA,  from  aoprr,,  'the  aorta,' 
and  ix'pvs,  'dilated.'  Aneurism  of  the  Aorta.  (F.) 
Anevrysme  de  V Aorte,  Aortiectasie.  By  carefully 
auscultating  over  the  dorsal  vertebrae,  a  bellows' 
sound,  with  a  deep  and  not  always  perceptible 
impulse,  may  be  detected. 

AOR'TIC,  Aor'ticus.  Relating  to  the  Aorta. 
The  Aortic  ventricle,  (F.)  Ventricle  Aortique,  is 
the  left  ventricle.  The  Aortic  valves  are  the  sig- 
moid valves  at  the  origin  of  the  Aorta,  &c. 

AORTIEOTASIE,  Aorteurysma. 

AORTI'TIS,  Inflamma'tio  Aor'tm,  from  Aorta, 
and  itis,  denoting  inflammation.  Inflammation 
of  the  aorta. 

AORTRA,  Aortron.  A  lobe  of  the  lungs. — 
Hippocrates. 

AO'TUS,  from  a,  privative,  and  ouy,  'an  ear.' 
A  monster  devoid  of  ears. — Gurlt. 

APAG'MA,  Apioelas'ma,  Apocecaidis'mcnon, 
from  uTTo,  '  from,'  and  aym,  '  I  remove.'  Separa- 
tion, abduction.  Separation  of  a  fractured  bone. 
— Galenus,  Foesius. 

APAGOGE,  Defecation,  Inductio. 

APALACHINE,  Ilex  vomitoria — a.  d  Fenille« 
de  Prunier,  Prinos — a.  Gallis,  Ilex  vomitoria. 

APAL'LAGE,  Apallax'is,  from  aira^arni),  '  I 
change.'  Mutation,  change.  It  is  generally 
taken  in  a  good  sense,  and  means  the  change 
from  disease  to  health. — Hippocrates. 

APALLAXIS,  Apallage. 

APALOT'ICA,  from  avaXort;,  'softness,  ten- 
derness.' Fortuitous  lesions  or  deformities  affect- 
ing the  soft  parts.  The  first  order  in  the  class 
Tychica,  of  Good. 

APANTHESIS,  Apanthismus. 

APANTHIS'MUS,  Apanthe'sis,  from  a-ro, 
'from,'  and  avQm,  'I  flower.'  The  obliteration 
of  parts  previously  inservient  to  useful  purposes, 
as  of  the  ductus  venosus  and  ductus  arteriosus, 
which  are  essential  to  foetal  existence,  but  are 
subsequently  unnecessary.     See,  also,  Stuprum. 

APANTHRO'PIA,  from  a-o,  'from,'  and  ai-- 
•&j3a)7ro5,  'man.'  Detestation  of  man;  desire  for 
solitude. — Hippocrates.  One  of  the  symptoms  of 
hypochondriasis. 

APAPHRISMOS,  Despumation. 

APARACH'YTUM  VINUM,  from  a,  priv., 
and  vapa'xyia,  '  I  pour  over.'  The  purest  wine  : 
that  which  has  not  been  mixed  with  sea-water. — 
Galen. 

APARINE,  Galium  aparine  —  a.  Hispida,  Ga- 
lium aparine. 

APARTHROSIS,  Diarthrosis. 

AP'ATHY,  Apathi'a,  Ameli'a,  from  a,  i^riva- 
tive,  and  ira^of,  'affection.'  (F.)  Apathie.  Ac- 
cidental suspension  of  the  moral  feelings.  It 
takes  place  in  very  severe  diseases,  particularly 
in  malignant  fevers. 

APECHE'MA,  from  avo,  'from,'  and  vx°?' 
'  sound.'  Properly  the  action  of  reflecting  sound. 
In  medicine,  it  is  synonymous  with  the  Latin 
Oontraftssura,  a  counter-fissure,  a  counter-blow. 
— Gorrteus,  Celsus. 

APECTOCEPHALUS,  Acephalothorus. 

APEL'LA,  Appel'la,  Leipoder'mos,  Becuti'tvs, 
from  a,  priv.,  and  pellie,  '  skin.'  One  whose  pre- 
puce does  not  cover  the  glans.  —  Galenus,  Lin- 
naeus, Vogel.  Retraction  or  smallness  of  any 
other  soft  appendage. — Sagar.  One  who  is  cir- 
cumcised. 

APEPSIA,  Dyspepsia. 

APE'RIENT,  Ape'riens,  Aperiti'vus,  from  ape 
rire,  {ad  and  pario,)  'to  0])en.'  Bes'erans.  A 
laxative.  (F.)  Aperitif.  A  medicine  which 
gently  opens  the  bowels.      The  term  had  fur. 


APERISTATON 


88 


APIONTA 


merly  a  much  more  extensive  signification,  and, 
like  Catalyt'icum,  was  given  to  a  substance  sup- 
posed to  have  the  power  of  opening  any  of  the 
piissages,  and  even  the  blood-vessels. 

APERIS'TATON,  Aperia'tatum,  from  a,  pri- 
vative, and  TTcpiaTtijiLL,  '  I  surround.'  An  epithet 
for  an  ulcer  not  dangerous  nor  considerable,  nor 
surrounded  by  inflammation. 

APERITIF,  Aperient. 

APERITIVUS,  Aperient. 

APERTOE,  OCULI,  Levator  palpebrse  superi- 
aris. 

APERTO'RIUM,  from  aperio,  '1  open.'  An 
instrument  for  dilating  the  os  uteri  during  labour. 

APERTURA,  Mouth — a.  Anterior  ventriculi 
tertii  cerebri,  Vulva  (cerebri) — a.  Pelvis  superior, 
gee  Pehis. 

APEUTHYSMBNOS,  Rectum. 

APEX,  Mucro.  The  point  or  extremity  of  a 
part : — as  the  apex  of  the  tongue,  nose,  &c. 

Apex  Linguje,  Proglossis. 

APH^RESIS,  Apheresis,  Extirpation. 

APHALANGI'ASIS,  from  a,  '  intensive,'  and 
(paKay^,  'phalanx.'  The  fourth  stage  of  Oriental 
leprosy,  which  is  recognised  chiefly  by  a  gangre- 
nous condition  of  the  fingers. 

APHASSOM'ENOS,  from  a^aaaio,  '  I  touch,  I 
feel.'  The  touching  of  the  parts  of  generation 
of  the  female  as  a  means  of  diagnosis.  —  Hippo- 
ta-ates.     See  Esaphe. 

APHEDRA,  Anus. 

APHEDRIA,  Menses. 

APHEDRON,  Anus. 

APHELI'A,  a<ps\r}i,  'simple.'  Simplicity. 
The  simple  manners  of  the  sect  of  Methodists  in 
teaching  and  practising  medicine. 

APHELX'IA,  from  a^cXxu),  *  I  abstract.'  A''o- 
luntary  inactivity  of  the  whole  or  the  greater 
part  of  the  external  senses  to  the  impressions  of 
surrounding  objects,  during  wakefulness.  Be- 
very,  (F.)  Reverie.  Dr.  Good  has  introduced 
this  into  his  Nosology,  as  well  as  Aphelx'ia  so- 
<ora  or  absence  of  mind — A.  inten'ta  or  abstrac- 
tion of  mind :  and  A.  otio'sa,  Etu'dium  ina'ne, 
brown  study  or  listless  mxisinj, 

APHEPSEMA,  Decoction. 

APHEPSIS,  Decoction. 

APHE'RESIS,  Apha'resis,  from  acfiaipsia,  '1 
take  away.'  An  operation  by  which  any  part  of 
the  body  is  separated  from  the  other.  Hippo- 
crates, according  to  Foesius,  uses  the  expression 
-iphce' resis  San'guinis  for  excessive  hemorrhage; 
and  Sennertus,  to  express  the  condition  of  an 
animal  deprived  both  of  the  faculties  of  the  mind 
and  of  the  mind  itself. 

APH'ESIS,  from  acpirj/jii,  '1  relax.'  A  remis- 
sion. This  word  expresses  sometimes  the  dimi- 
nution or  cessation  of  a  disease ;  at  others,  lan- 
guor and  debility  of  the  lower  extremities.  See 
Languor,  and  Remission. 

APHILAN'THROPY,  ApMlanthro'pia,{iom  a, 
privative,  ^tXcm,  '  I  love,'  and  av^piairos,  '  a  man.' 
Dislike  to  man.  Love  of  solitude.  Vogel  has 
given  this  name  to  the  first  degree  of  melancholy. 

APHISTESIS,  Abscess. 

APHODEUMA,  Excrement. 

APHODUS,  Excrement. 

APHONETUS,  Aphonus. 

APHO'NIA,  Liga'tio  lingu(P,  Loqne'la  ahoVita, 
J.iefec'tus  loqne'la,  Dyspho'nia,  (of  some,)  ApV - 
•jny,  (F.)  Aphonic,  Perte  de  la  Voix,  from  a,  pri- 
Tative,  and  ^uvr,,  'voice.'  Privation  of  voice,  or 
of  r-ie  sounds  that  ought  to  be  produced  in  the 
glottis.  When  aphonia  forms  part  of  catarrh  or 
'A '  cold,'  it  is  commonly  of  but  little  consequence ; 
bui  when  produced  by  causes  acting  on  the  ner- 
>ous  system,  as  by  some  powerful  emotion,  or 
without  any  appreciable  lesion  of  the  vocal  appa- 


ratus, (Laryngo-paralyaie,)  it  frequently  resists 
all  remedies. 

Aphonia,  Catalepsy  —  a.  Surdorum,  Mutit'OS 
Surdorum. 

APHONICUS,  Aphonus. 

APHO'NUS,  Apho'nicuB,  Apho'netua ;  same 
etymon.     Relating  to  aphonia. 

APHONY,  Aphonia. 

APHORIA,  SterUitas, 

APHORICUS,  Sterile, 

APHORUS^  Sterile. 

APHOR'ME,  a<popi>.ri,  'occasion.'  The  exter- 
nal and  manifest  cause  of  any  thing.  The  occa- 
sional cause  of  a  disease. — Hippocrates. 

APHRO'DES,  'frothy,'  from  aippos,  'foam,' 
and  tiBos,  'resemblance.'  Applied  to  the  blood 
and  the  excrements. — Hippocrates. 

APHRODISIA,  Coition,  Puberty. 

APHRODIS'IAC,  Aphrodisiacus,  from  A.<ppo- 
6iTr],  'Venus.'  (F.)  Aphrodisiaque.  Medicine 
or  food  believed  to  be  capable  of  exciting  to  the 
pleasures  of  love;  as  ginger,  cantharides,  Ac. 
They  are  generally  stimulants. 

APHRODISIACUS,  Venereal. 

APHRODISIASMUS,  Coition. 

APHRODISIOG'RAPHY,  from  AippoSiTv,  'Ve- 
nus,' and  ypa^o),  'I  describe.'  Etymologically, 
this  term  means  a  description  of  the  pleasures  of 
love,  but  it  has  been  placed  at  the  head  of  a  work 
describing  the  venereal  disease. 

APHROG'ALA,  from  a<ppos,  '  foam,'  and  ya^a, 
'  milk.'  Lac  spumo'sum.  A  name  formerly  given 
to  milk  rendered  frothy  by  agitation. 

APHRONIA,  Apoplexy. 

APHRONITRUM,  Natrum,  Soda. 

APHROSYNE,  Delirium,  Insanity. 

APHTHA,  AphtcB,  Apthce,  from  uTrroj,  'I  in- 
flame.'  Thrush  or  sore  mouth,  Aphtha  lactu'ci- 
men,  A.  Infan'tum,  Lactu'cimen,  Lactucim' ina, 
Al'eolcB,  Laetu'mina,  Em'phlysis  aphtha,  Ulcera 
serpen'tia  oris,  Pus'tula  oris,  Fehris  apihtho'sa, 
Angi'na  aphtho'sa,  Vesic'ulce  gingiva' rum,  Sto- 
mati'tis  exsudati' va,  S.  vesiculo'sa  infan'tum,  Sto- 
map'yra,  S.  aphtha,  Prunel'la,  White  Thrush, 
Milk  Thrush.  Aphthae  consist  of  roundish,  pearl- 
coloured  vesicles,  confined  to  the  lips,  mouth, 
and  intestinal  canal,  and  generally  terminating 
in  curd-like  sloughs.  In  France,  the  Aphthae  of 
children,  Ap)hthes  des  Enfans,  is  called  3Iugiief, 
Millet,  Blanchet,  Catarrhe  buccal  and  Stomatite 
cremeuse  pidtacee,  Pultaceous  inflammation  of 
the  Mouth  ;  and  generally  receives  two  divisions 
— the  mild  or  discreet,  (F.)  Muguet  benin  ou  dis- 
cret,  and  the  malignant,  (F.)  Muguet  malin  ou 
confluent,  the  Black  Thrush.  Common  Thrush  ia 
a  disease  of  no  consequence,  requiring  merely 
the  use  of  absorbent  laxatives.  The  malignant 
variety,  which  is  rare,  is  of  a  more  serious  cha- 
racter, and  is  accompanied  with  typhoid  symp- 
toms,—  Typhus  aphiho'ideus. 

AphtHjE  Adultorum,  Stomatitis,  aphthous — a. 
Praeputii,  Herpes  prteputii — a.  Serpentes,  Cancer 
aquatieus.  ^ 

APHTHE  6ANGRENEUX,  Cancer  aqua- 
tieus. 

APHTHES  DES  ENFANS,  Aphthae. 

APHTHE UX,  Aphthous. 

APHTIIO'DES,  Aphthoides,  Aphtho'ideus,  from 
nphthee,  and  £i(5os,  'resemblance.'  Aphthous-like. 
Resembling  aphtha?. 

APH'THOUS,  Aphtho'sus,  (F.)  Aphthcux.  Be- 
longing to  aphthae ;  complicated  with  aphthte ; 
as  Aphthous  Fever. 

APIASTRUM,  Melissa. 

APICES  CRURUM  MEDULLA  OBLON- 
GATA, Corpora  striata — a.  Digitorum,  Pupulee. 

APILEPSIA,  Apoplexy. 

APIONTA,  see  Excretion, 


APIOS 


APOLYSIA 


APIOS,  Pyrus  communis. 

APIS,  Bee. 

API'TES,  from  airiov,  'a  pear.'  Perry. — Gor- 
neus. 

APIUM,  A.  graveolens  —  a.  Ammi,  Ammi — a. 
Auisum,  Pimpinella  anisum — a.  Carvi,  Carum. 

Apium:  Graveolens,  Apium  Paluda'pium, 
Beli'num,  Ses'eli  graveolens,  Slum  c/raveolens,  S. 
a'pium,  Smallage,  (F.)  Ache.  Nat.  Ord.  Um- 
belliferaj.  ^-c.  Syst.  Pentandria  Digynia.  The 
plants,  roots,  and  seeds  are  aperient  and  carmi- 
native.    Selery  is  a  variety  of  this. 

Apium  Hortense,  A.  graveolens  —  a.  Monta- 
num,  Athamauta  aureoselinum  —  a.  Paludapium, 
A.  Graveolens— a.  Petrajum,  Bubon  Macedonicum. 

Apiom:  Petroseli'num,  Apium  Horten'se  seu 
vulga're,  Eleosteli'num  {?),  Grielum,  Petroseli'- 
num, Oommon  Parsley,  (F.)  Persil.  The  root — 
Petroselinum,  (Ph.  U.  S.) — and  seeds  ar-e  diuretic 
and  aperient. 

Apium  Sium,  Siiim  nodiflorum — a.  Vulgare,  A. 


APLAS'TIC,  Aplas'ticus,  from  a,  privative, 
and  pXaatTo),  '  I  form.'  That  which  is  not  capable 
of  forming;  that  which  does  not  serve  to  form, 
or  is  not  organizable. 

Aplastic  Element;  one  which  is  unsuscep- 
tible of  any  farther  amount  of  organization. — 
Gerber. 

APLESTIA,  Ingluvies,  Intemperance. 

APLEU'ROS,  from  a,  privative,  and  irXtvoos, 
'a  rib.'     One  without  ribs. — Hippocrates,  Galen. 

APLOT'OMY,  Aplotom'ia,  from  anXoos,  'sim- 
ple,' and  Tc/Avd),  '1  cut.'     A  simple  incision. 

APNBUSTIA,  Apnoea,  Asphyxia. 

APNCE'A,  from  a,  privative,  and  vvtoi,  'I  re- 
spire.' Asphyx'ia,  Apneim'tia.  Absence  of  re- 
spiration, Respjira'tio  abol'ita,  or  insensible  respi- 
ration.    Also,  Orthopnoea. 

Apncea  Infantum,  Asthma  Thymieum. 

APNCEASPHYXIA,  Asphyxia. 

APNUS,  airvoog,  same  etymon.  One  devoid  of 
respiration.  An  epithet  applied  by  authors  to 
crises  in  which  the  respiration  is  so  small  and 
slow,  that  it  seems  suspended.  —  Castelli.  It  is 
probable,  however,  that  the  word  was  always  ap- 
plied to  the  patient,  not  to  the  disease. 

APO,  a-no,  a  prefix  denoting  'from,  of,  oflF,  out.' 
Hence — 

APOBAMMA,  Embamma, 

APOBAINOISr,  Eventus. 

APOBESOMENON,  Eventus. 

APOBIOSIS,  Death. 

APOBLEMA,  Abortion. 

APOBOLE,  Abortion. 

APOBRASMA,  Furfur. 

APOCAPNISMUS,  Fumigation. 

APOCATASTASIS,  Considentia,  Restauratio. 

APOCATHARSIS,  Catharsis. 

APOCATHARTICUS,  Cathartic. 

APOCECAULISMENON,  Apagma. 

APOCBNO'SIS,  Aposceno'sis,  from  ano,  'out,' 
and  kEnjcrif,  'evacuation.'  A  partial  evacuation, 
according  to  some,  in  opposition  to  Cenosis,  which 
signifies  a  general  evacuation. — CuUen  and  Swe- 
di.iur  apply  it  to  morbid  fluxes. 

Apocexosis,  Abevacuatio — a.  Diabetes  melli- 
tu3.  Diabetes — a.  Ptyalismus  mellitus,  see  Saliva- 
tijn — -a.  Vomitus  pyrosis.  Pyrosis. 

APOCHOREOX,  Excrement. 

APOCHREMMA,  Sputum. 

APOCHREMPSIS,  Exspuition. 

APOCH'YMA,  from  iTroXf",  'I  pour  out.'  A 
Bort  of  tar,  obtained  from  old  ships,  which  is  im- 
pregnated with  chloride  of  sodium.  It  was  used 
as  a  discutient  of  tumours.  —  Aetius,  Paulus, 
Gorrsus. 


APO  cm  GOBE-MOUCHE,  Apocynum  an. 

drossemifolium. 

APOCLASMA,  Abduction,  Apagma. 

APOCLEISIS,  Asitia,  Disgust. 

APOCOPE,  from  a-no,  and  kotttciv,  'to  cut.' 
Abscission.  A  wound  with  loss  of  substance. 
Fracture  with  loss  of  part  of  a  bone.  Amputa- 
tion. 

APOCOPUS,  Castratus. 

APOCRISIS,  Contagion,  Excrement,  Secre- 
tion. 

APOCROUS'TIC,  Apoerous'tica  se,u  Apocnus' - 
tica,  (remed'ia,)  from  a-o,  'out,'  and  xpovio.  'I 
push.'     An  astringent  and  repellent. — Galenus. 

APOCRUSTICA,  Apocroustic. 

APOCYESIS,  Parturition. 

APOCYNUM  ANDROSJEMIFO'LIUM,from 
aiTo,  and  KV(j)v,  '  a  dog,'  because  esteemed,  of  old, 
to  be  fatal  to  dogs.  Dog's  Bane,  Bitter  Boy'a 
Bane,  Milkiceed,  Bitterroot,  Honeyhloom,  Catch- 
fiy.  Flytrap,  Ip'eeac,  (F.)  Apocin  gohe-mouche, 
A,  araer.  Nat.  Ord.  Apocynea3.  Sex.  Syst.  Pent- 
andria Digynia.  The  root  of  this  plant  is  found 
from  Canada  to  Carolina.  Thirty  grains  evacu- 
ate the  stomach  as  effectually  as  two-thirds  of 
the  amount  of  Ipecacuanha,  by  which  name  it  is 
known  in  various  parts  of  the  eastern  states.  It 
is  in  the  secondary  list  of  the  Pharmacopoeia  of 
the  United  States. 

Apoc"ynum  Cannab'inum,  Indian  Hemp.  This 
American  plant  possesses  emetic,  cathartic,  dia- 
phoretic and  diuretic  properties,  and  has  been 
strongly  recommended  in  dropsy.  It  has  been 
given  in  decoction,  —  ^ij  of  the  root  boiled  in 
three  pints  of  water  to  two.  A  wine-glassful  for 
a  dose. 

Apocynum  Nov^  Anglic  Hirsutum,  Ascle- 
pias  tuberosa — a.  Orange,  Asclepias  tuberosa — a, 
Scaudens,  Allamanda. 

APODACRYT'ICUS,  Belachrymati'vus,  from 
aru,  'from,'  and  ^afcfjuu,  'I  weep.  A  substance, 
supposed  to  occasion  a  flow  of  the  tears,  and  then 
to  arrest  them. — Columella,  Pliny,  Galenus. 

APODEMIALGIA,  Nostalgia. 

APOD'IA,  from  a,  privative,  and  jrouy,  'a  foot.' 
Want  of  feet ;  hence  Apous  or  Apus,  one  who  has 
no  feet. 

APODYTE'RIUM,  Ooniste'rium,  Sp)oUato'. 
rium,  Spolia'rium,  from  avoivw,  'I  strip  off.'  The 
ante-room,  where  the  bathers  stripped  themselves 
in  the  ancient  gymnasia. 

APOGALACTISMUS,  Weaning. 

APOGALACTOS,  Exuber. 

APOGEUSIS,  Ageustia. 

APOGEUSTIA,  Ageustia. 

APOGLAUCOSIS,  Glaucosis. 

APOGON,  Imberbis. 

APOG'ONUM,  fromaTTo,  and  yivojiai,  'I  exist.' 
A  living  foetus  in  utero. — Hippocrates. 

APOLEPISIS,  Desquamation. 

APOLEPISMUS,  Desquamation. 

APOLEP'SIS,  Apolep'sia,  Apolip'sis,  from 
anoXaji^avd),  'I  retain.'  Retention,  suppression. 
— Hippocrates.     Asphyxia. 

APOLEX'IS,  from  anoXriyu),  'I  cease.'  Old 
age,  decrepitude. 

APOLINO'SIS,  from  oiro,  and  \tvov,  'a  flaxen 
thread.'  The  mode  of  operating  for  fistula  in 
ano,  by  means  of  a  thread  of  Homolinon  or  Linvm 
cr!/rf«))!.— Hippocrates,  Paulus. 

APOLIPSIS,  Apolepsis. 

APOLLINARIS  ALTERCUM,  Hyoscyamus 

APOLUTICA,  Cicatrisantia. 

APOLYS'IA,  ^jooZ'y«!*s,  fromarroXi'd),  'I  loosen.' 
Solution.  Relaxation.  Debility  of  the  limbs  or 
looseness  of  bandages. — Erotian.  Expulsion  of 
the  foetus  and  its  dependencies.  Termination  of 
a  disease. — Hippocrates,  Galen. 


APOMATHEMA 


90 


APOPLEXIA 


APOMATIIE'MA,  ApomatJie'sis,  from  a-no,  and 
uttviaiu),  'I  learn.'  Forgetfulness  of  things  taught. 
— Hippocrates. 

APOM'ELI,  from  aro,  '  of,'  and  /<£>i,  '  honey.' 
An  oxymel  or  decoction  made  of  honey. — Galen, 
Aetius,  Paulus,  &c. 
APOMEXIS,  Munctio, 

APOMYLE'aSTAS,  from  a-o^nXXaivw,  *I  make 
a  wry  mouth.'  One  who  pushes  his  lips  forwards, 
pressing  them  against  each  other.  Occasionally 
a  symptom  of  nerrous  fever. — Galen,  Erotian. 

APOMYTIIO'SIS,  from  aTroiiuaato,  'I  snore.' 
A  disease  in  which  there  is  stertor. — Sauvages, 
Sagar. 
APOMYXIA,  Nasal  mucus. 
APONEUROG'RAPHY,  Aponeurogra'phia, 
from  anovivodxji;,  an  'aponeurosis,'  and  ypaipn, 
'a  description.'  A  description  of  the  Aponeu- 
roses. 

APONEUROL'OGY,  Aponeurolorj"ia,ixom 
aKovevp(i)tng,  'an  aponeurosis.'  and  Ao/os,  'a  dis- 
course.' Aponeurosiol'oyy.  The  anatomy  of  the 
aponeuroses. 

APOXEUROSIOLOGY,  Aponeurology. 
APONEURO'SIS,  Aponevro'sis,  from  ano, 
'  from,'  and  vtvpov,  '  a  nerve.'  Pronerva'tio,  De- 
nerva'tio,  Enerva'tio,  Expan'sio  nervo'sa,  (F.) 
Aponeurose,  Aponcvrose.  The  ancients  called 
every  white  part  vzvpov,  and  regarded  the  Apo- 
neurosis as  a  nervous  expansion.  The  Aponeu- 
roses are  white,  shining  membranes,  very  resist- 
ing, and  composed  of  fibres  interlaced.  Some 
are  continuous  with  the  muscular  fibres,  and  differ 
only  from  tendons  by  their  flat  form.  They  are 
called  Ajioneuroses  of  insertion,  (F.)  Aponevroses 
d'inaertion,  when  they  ^re  at  the  extremities  of 
muscles,  and  attach  them  to  the  bone ; — Aponeu- 
roses of  intersection,  (F.)  Aponevroses  d'intersec- 
tion,  if  they  interrupt  the  continuity  of  the  mus- 
cle, and  are  continuous  on  both  sides  with  mus- 
cular fibres.  Others  suiTOund  the  muscle,  and 
2>revent  its  displacement :  they  are  called  envelop- 
ing Aponeuroses,  (F.)  Aponevroses  d'enveloppe. 

Aponeurosis,  Fascia — a.  Crural,  Fascia  lata — 
a.  Femoral,  Fascia  lata — a.  Iliac,  Fascia  iliaca. 

■APONEUROSI'TIS,  from  aponeurosis,  and 
itis,  'denoting  inflammation.'  Inflammation  of 
an  aponeurosis. 

APONEUPi-OT'IC,  Aponeurot'icus.  What  re- 
lates to  Aponeuroses  : — thus,  we  say  Aponeurotic 
expansion,  Apioneurotic  muscle,  &c. 

APONEUROT'OMY,  Aponeurotom'ia,  from 
avovevpwaig,  'aponeurosis,'  and  ts/jvoj,  'I  cut.' 
Anatomy  of  aponeuroses. 

Aponeurotomy  has,  also,  been  proposed  for  the 
di\ision,  [debridement)  of  filaments,  &c.,  in  apo- 
neurotic openings,  and  for  the  section  of  fasciae. 
APONEVROSE    PEDIEUSE,    see    Pedal 
Aponeurosis — a.  Superficielle  de  I' Abdomen  et  de 
la  Guisse,  Fascia  superficialis. 
APONEVROSIS,  Aponeurosis. 
APON'IA,  from  a,  privative,  and  ttovo;,  'pain.' 
Freedom  from  pain. 

APONIPSIS,  Ablution. 

APOPALLE'SIS,  Apopal'sis,  from  aTroTraXXto, 
'I  throw  off.'  Expulsion.  Protrusion. — Hippo- 
crates.    Also,  Abortion. 

APOPATE'MA,  Apop'athos,  Apop'atus.  The 
excrement,  and  the  place  where  it  is  deposited. — 
Dioscorides,  Erotian. 

APOPEDAvSIS,  Luxation. 
APOPHLEGMATISANS  PER  NARES,  Er- 
rhiuc — a.  per  Os,  Sialogogue. 

APOPHLEGMATISAN'TIA,  Apophlef/mati- 
ton'ta,  Apophlerjmatis'mi,  from  aro,  'out,'  and 
tfl^tyiiu,  'phlegm.'  Medicines  which  facilitate  the 
upward   expulsion  of  mucus   from   the   mucous 


membrane  of  the  digestive  or  air  passages;  as 
gargles,  masticatories,  <i'c. 

APOPHLEG'MATISM,  Ajwphlegmatis'mvs, 
The  action  of  Apophlegmatisantia. — Galen. 
APOPHLEGMATISMI,  Apophlegmatisantia. 
APOPH'RADES,  from  airo0paj,  'unlucky.' 
An  epithet  applied  to  unluckj-  days,  [dies  ne- 
fandi.)  Da}'s  on  which  a  favourable  change 
is  not  expected  to  occur  in  a  disease. — A.  Lau- 
rentius. 

APOPHRAXIS,  Amenorrhcea. 
APOPHTHAR'MA,    AjJopMthora,    from    airo, 
and  ^5-£(pu,  '  I  corrupt.'     Abortion,  as  well  as  a 
medicine  to  procure  abortion. 
APOPHTHORA,  Abortion. 
APOPHTHORIUS,  Abortive. 
APOPHY'ADES,  from  otto,  'from,'  and  (j>vu>, 
'  I  spring.'     The  ramifications  of  veins  and  arte- 
ries.— Hippocrates. 

APOPHYSE  BASILAIRE,^  Basilary  process 
— a.  Engamante  ou  vaginale.  Vaginal  process — 
a.  Pyramidale,  see  Temporal  Bone  —  a.  Petree, 
see  Temporal  Bone.  ^ 

APOPHYSES  E PINE  USES,  Spinous  pro- 
cesses of  the  vertebrae. 

APOPH'YSIS,  from  OTTO,  'from,'  and  0t.a),  'I 
rise,'  Ec'physis,  Proces'sus,  Apipendix,  A  process 
of  a  bone,  Prominen'tia  ossis  contin'ua.  When 
the  apophysis  is  yet  separated  from  the  body  of 
the  bone  by  intervening  cartilage,  it  is  called 
Ei^iph/ysia.  The  apophyses  or  processes  are,  at 
times,  distinguished  by  epithets,  exjjressive  of 
their  form  :  as  A.  styloid,  A.  coracoid,  &c.  Others 
are  not  preceded  by  the  word  apophysis;  as  Tro- 
chanter, Tuberosity,  &o. 

Apoph'ysis  of  Ingras'sias  is  a  term  applied 
to  the  lesser  ala  of  the  sphenoid  bone. 

Apophysis  of  Rau,  Grele  apopjhyse  du  Ifar- 
teau :  see  Malleus. 

Apophysis  Zygojiatica,  Zygomatic  process. 
APOPIES'MA,  from  aTzoKie^ui,  '  I  comjiress.' 
Hippocrates  uses  the  term  to  signify  a  fancied 
expression  or  forcing  out  of  humours  by  the 
application  of  bandages  in  wounds  and  frac- 
tures. 

APOPLANESIS,  Error  loci. 
APOPLECTIC,  Ajioplee'ticus.  Referring  to 
Apoplexy.  This  word  has  various  significations. 
It  is  appjlied,  1.  To  individuals  labouring  under 
apoplexy :  2.  To  remedies  proper  for  combating 
apoplexy :  3.  To  the  constitution,  temperament, 
or  make,  Arehitectu'ra  apoplee'tiea,  Hab'itiis 
apjoplec'ticus,  which  predisposes  to  it,  and,  4.  To 
the  symptoms  which  characterize  apoplexj' ;  as 
Apoplectic  sleep,  A.  stroke,  A.  stertor,  ic.  The 
jugular  veins  have  also,  by  some,  been  called 
Apioplectic  veins,  VencB  apoplee'ticoB. 

APOPLECTICUS,  Antiapoplectic,  Apoplectic 
Apoplectic  Cell.     A  cavity  remaining  in  the 
encephalon,  after  the  efiusion  of  blood  and  it-s 
subsequent  absorption. 

APOPLEXIA,  Apoplexy— a.  Catalepsia,  Cata- 
lepsia — a.  Cerebralis,  see  Apoplexy— a.  Cerebri, 
see  Apoplexy — a.  Cordis,  Ila^mocardiorrhagia — 
a.  Hydrocephalica,  Hydrocephalus  internus — a. 
Ilepatica,  Ilepatorrhagia- — a.  Medullaris,  Apo- 
plexia  myelitica — a.  Meningoea,  Apoplexy,  me- 
ningeal. 

ApoplexiA  Myeht'ica;  A.  MeduUa'ris,  A. 
Spina'lis,  A.  Rachia'lis,  Hamor'rhachis,  Myelor- 
rhug"ia,  MyclapopJex'in,  (F.)  Apoplexie  de  In 
Moclle  epiniere,  JJemorrhagie  de  la  Moelle  epini- 
h-c,  Hemato-myelie,  Hcmo-myelorrhngie,  H6'ma- 
torrhrichis.  Hemorrhage  into  the  spinal  marrow. 
Apoplexia  Nervosa,  Apoplexy,  nervous — a. 
Nervosa  traumatica,  Concussion  of  the  brain  —  a. 
Pituitosa,  see  Apople.xy — a.  Pulmonalis,  see  Hae- 
moptysis—  a.  Pulmonum,  see  Haemoptysis  —  &. 


APOPLEXIE  CAPILLAIRE 


91 


APOSTERIGJIA 


Renalis,  Apoplexy,  renal  —  a.  Ractialis,  A.  mye- 
litica  —  a.  Sauguinea,  see  Apoplexy  —  a.  Serosa, 
see  Apoplexy — a.  Simplex,  Apoplexy,  nervous — 
a.  Spasmodica,  Apoplexy,  nervous  —  a.  Spinalis, 
Apoplexia  myelitica  —  a.  Temulenta,  see  Temu- 
lentia. 

APOPLEXIE  CAPILLAIRE,  MoUities  ce- 
rebri— a.  Cirebrale,  Apoplexy,  Hemorrhagic  cere- 
hvale. 

APOPLEXIE  FOUDROYANTE,  'Thun- 
dering Apoplexy.'  A  form  of  apoplexy,  which 
(^  intense  and  rapidly  fatal. 

APOPLEXIE  MENINGEE,  Apoplexy,  me- 
ningeal—  a,  De  la  Moelle  Epiniere,  Apoplexy, 
spinal. 

AP'OPLEXY,  Apoplex'ia,  from  a-^oTr\riTTeiv, 
'  to  strike  with  violence.'  At  the  present  day, 
the  term  apoplexy  is  employed  by  many  writers 
to  signify  interstitial  hemorrhage,  (F.)  Hemor- 
rhagie  interstitieUe,  or  every  effusion  of  blood, 
which  occurs  suddenly  into  the  substance  of  an 
organ  or  tissue.  Hence,  we  speak  of  cerebral 
apoplexy,  pulmonary  apoplexy,  &o.  &c.  For- 
merly it  was  always  —  and  still  is  by  many  — 
used  in  a  restricted  sense,  to  signify,  in  other 
words,  the  train  of  phenomena,  which  cha- 
racterize cerebral  apoplexy.  This  disease,  Hcb- 
morrha'gia  Oer'ehri,  Aphro' nia.  Cams  AjMplex'ia, 
Coma  Apoplex'ia,  Apoplex'ia  cer'ehri  sanguin'ea, 
A.  cerehra'lis,  Encep>halorrhag"ia,  San'guinia 
ictus,  Hcemateneeph' alum,  Pulj^ez' ia,  Sidera'tio, 
Apileps'ia,  Morbus  atton'itus,  Gutta,  Thcopile'gia, 
Theoplex'ia,  (F.)  Apoplexic,  A.  cirebrale,  Hema- 
toencephalie,  Coup  de  sang,  is  characterized  by 
diminution,  or  loss  of  sensation  and  mental  ma- 
nifestation ;  by  the  cessation,  more  or  less  com- 
plete, of  motion  ;  and  by  a  comatose  state, — cir- 
culation and  respiration  continuing.  It  generally 
consists  in  pressure  upon  the  brain ;  either  from 
turgescence  of  vessels,  or  from  extravasation  of 
blood  :  hence  the  terms  Hcemeneeph' alus,  Hemor- 
rhagie  cerebrale,  and  Hemoencep>halorrhagie,  ap- 
plied to  it  by  some.  The  general  prognosis  is 
unfavourable  ;  especially  when  it  occurs  after  the 
age  of  35.  When  Apoplexy  is  accompanied  with 
a  hard,  full  pulse,  and  flushed  countenance,  it  is 
called  Apo2:>lexia  sanguin'ea,  Cataph'ora  coma  j' 
when  with  a  feeble  pulse  and  pale  countenance, 
and  evidences  of  serous  effusion,  Apoplex'ia  se- 
ro'sa,  A. pituito'sa,  Serous  Apoplexy,  Catajih'ora 
hydroceiihal'ica,  Encephaloch'  ysis  seni'lis,  Hydro- 
ceph'alus  acu'tus  sentim,  Hydro'encephalorrhee, 
(Piorry),  Mydropisie  cerebrale  auraigue,  Hydror- 
rhagie. 

In  Xervous  Apoplexy,  Apoplex'ia  nervo'sa  seu 
spasmod'ica,  A.  simp)lex.  Simple  apoplexy,  no  le- 
sion whatever  may  be  perceptible  on  dissection, 
although  the  patient  may  have  died  under  all  the 
phenomena  that  are  characteristic  of  apoplexy. 

Apoplexy  of  the  Heart,  Hsemocardior- 
rhagia. 

Apoplexy,  Meninge'al,  Apoplex'ia  menin- 
gce'a,  (F.)  Apoplexic  meningSe,  Hemorrhagic  me- 
ningee.  Hemorrhage  from  the  meninges  of  the 
brain  or  spinal  marrow,  generally  into  the  great 
cavity  of  the  arachnoid. 

Apoplexy,  Nervous,  see  Apoplexy — a.  Pul- 
monary, see  Hfemoptysis — a.  Simple,  A.  Nervous. 

Apoplexy,  Renal,  Apoplex'ia  rena'lis.  A 
condition  of  the  kidney,  characterized  by  knotty, 
irregular,  tuberculated  eminences,  some  of  a  deep 
black  colour.  Effusion  of  blood  into  the  sub- 
stance of  the  kidney. 

Apoplexy,  SERors,  see  Apoplexy — a.  Spinal, 
Apoplexia  myelitica. 

APOPNEUSIS,  Exhalatio. 

APOPNIXIS,  Suffocation.  I 


APOPNOE,  Exspiratio. 

APOPNCEA,  Exspiratio. 

APOPSYCHIA,  Syncope. 

APOPTO'SIS,  from  a-o^Tru,  'I  fall  down.' 
A  relaxation  of  bandages. — Erotian. 

APORRHOE,  Aporrhoea. 

APORRHCE'A,  Apor'rhoe,  Apor'rhysis,  Deflu'- 
vium,  from  a-noppcui,  'I  flow  from.'  An  emana- 
tion, effluvium,  contagion. — Moschion.  A  falling 
off  of  the  hair,  according  to  some. 

APORRHYSIS,  Aporrhoea. 

APOSCEM'MA,  Aposcep'sis,  from  a-KoaKriTTin. 
'I  lie  down,  I  direct  myself  towards.'  Affiux  of 
fluids  towards  a  part.  Metastasis.  The  first 
word  has  been  applied  to  the  excrements. — Hip- 
pocrates, Galen. 

APOSCENOSIS,  Apocenosis. 

APOSCEPARNIS'MUS,  Eeascia'tio,  from  aro 
and  (TKe-apvov,  'a.  hatchet.'  Wound  of  the  cra- 
nivim,  by  a  cutting  instrument,  in  which  a  piece 
of  the  bone  has  been  cut  out,  as  with  a  hatchet. 
— Gorreeus. 

APOSCEPSIS,  Aposcemma. 

APOS'CHASIS,  Aposchas'mus,  from  aT70iTXa^<i>t 
'1  scarify.'  Scarifica'tion.  A  slight  superficial 
incision  in  the  skin.  Also,  blood-letting. — Hip- 
pocrates. 

APOS'IA,  Sitis  de/ec'fus,  from  a,  privative, 
and  roffi;,  '  drink.'  Want  of  thirst,  absence  of 
desire  for  liquids. 

APOSI'TIA,  from  a-o,  'from,'  and  o-iroy,  'food.' 
Aversion  for  food. — Galen.     See  Disgust. 

APOSIT'IC,  Aposit'ieus  ;  the  same  etymology. 
Any  substance  which  destroys  the  appetite,  or 
suspends  hunger. 

APOSPAS'MA,  from  aKoairaw,  '  I  tear  or  lace- 
rate.' (F.)  Arrachement.  A  solution  of  conti- 
nuity, especially  of  a  ligament;  lihegma  liga- 
menta're,  Lacera'tio  ligamentu'ria. 

APOSPHACEL'ISIS,  Aposphacelis'mus,  from 
airo,  and  a(paKt\o;,  'mortification.'  Gangrene  in 
wounds  and  fractures,  owing  to  the  bandages 
being  too  tight. — Hippocrates. 

APOSPHINX'IS,  avoaipiylig,  constrictioD, 
compression.  The  action  of  a  tight  bandage. — 
Hippocrates. 

APOSPONGIS'MUS,  the  act  of  sponging  for 
any  purpose. — Gorraeus. 

APOSTALAG'MA,  Apostag'ma,  from  a-no, 
'from,'  and  araXa^u},  'I  drop.'  The  ancient  name 
for  the  saccharine  liquor  which  flows  from  grapes 
when  not  yet  pressed. 

APOS'TASIS,  from  avo,  and  larrnii,  'I  stop.' 
The  ancients  had  different  significations  for  this 
word.  It  was  most  commonly  used  for  an  ab- 
scess. The  separation  of  a  fragment  of  bone  by 
fracture.  Removal  of  disease  by  some  excre- 
tion, <&c. 

APOSTAX'IS,  from  avt-jraX'o,  'I  distil  from.' 
Staxis.  The  defluxion  of  any  humour,  as  of 
blood  from  the  nose. — Hippocrates. 

APOSTE'MA,  from  arrc,  'from,'  and  taTr,jxi,  'I 
settle,'  or  from  acfuarrmi,  '  I  recede  from.'  This 
word  is  used  by  the  ancients  somewhat  vaguely. 
It  meant  an  affection  in  which  parts,  previously 
in  contact,  are  separated  from  each  other  by  a 
fluid  collected  between  them.  The  moderns  re- 
gard it  as  synonymous  with  Abscess.  Some,  even 
of  the  moderns,  have  applied  it  to  any  waiery 
tumour,  and  even  to  tumours  in  general. 

Apostema  Cerebri,  Encephalopyosis — a.  Em- 
pyema, Empyema — a.  Parulis,  Parulis— -a.  Pha- 
langum,  Fourche — a.  l?soa.t\cnTj\  Lumbar  abscess. 

APOSTERIG'MA,  iir-j^D  a-reirvpi^oi,  'I  sup- 
port.' Any  thing  tha 'i  ^vj^.c-it?  a  diseased  part, 
as  a  cushion,  a  pilk  »',  /jo,  — Galen.  A  deep- 
seated  and  inveterate  siv^we  of  the  intestines 

Hippocrates. 


APOSTHIA 


APPENDIX 


APOS'THIA,  Leipoder'niia,  from  a  privative, 
tmd  TToadia,  'prepiKse.'     Want  of  prepuce. 

APOSTOLO'RUM  UNGUENT'UM,  Bodeca- 
phar' riia.cum,  Ointment  of  the  Apostles.  So  called, 
because  as  many  solid  ingredients  entered  into 
ir^  composition  as  there  were  apostles.  It  con- 
tained several  resins  and  gum-resins,  yellow  wax, 
oil,  vinegar,  verdigris,  &c.,  and  was  formerly  em- 
ployed as  a  vulnerary. 

APOS'TROPHE,   from   airo,   and    ,j-pf<f,(o,   '1 
turn.'     An  aversion  or  disgust  for  food. — Paulus. 
Also,  the  direction  of  humours  towards  other  parts. 
APOSYPuMA,  Abrasion,  Desquamation. 
APOTELES'MA,  from  avo,  and  rcKzatia,  'com- 
pletion.'    The  result  or  termination  of  a  disease. 
See,  also,  Amuletum. 
APOTHANASIA,  see  Death. 
AVOTKE' CA,Pharmace'um,Pliarmacopo'lium, 
from  a-o,  and  rtOrijii,  '  to  place.'   Any  place  where 
things  are  kept,  and  therefore  '  a  shop,'  and  par- 
ticularly a  wine  cellar.    A  place  or  vessel  wherein 
medicines  are  kept.     See  Pharmacopolium. 

APOTHECARIES'  HALL.  The  Hall  of  the 
Corporation  or  Society  of  Apothecaries  of  Lon- 
don, where  medicines  are  prepared  and  sold 
under  their  direction,  &c.  This  Company  ob- 
tained a  charter  of  incorporation  in  the  15th  year 
of  James  the  First.  No  general  practitioner  can 
establish  himself  in  England  or  Wales,  without 
having  obtained  a  license  from  the  Court  of  Ex- 
aminers of  the  Company. 

APOTH'ECARY,  Apotheca'rius,  Dispensa'tor, 
Pharmacopo'la,  Picjmenta'rixis,  Pharmacopoe'us, 
Pharnia'ceus,  Pharmaceu'ta,  Rhizot'omus,  My- 
ropo'les,  ilyropio'lua,  Pharmacter,  Pharmacur'- 
gicus,  Pharmacur'giis,  Pharmaceu' tist,  same  deri- 
vation, (P.)  Apjothicaire,  Pharmacien,  Pharma- 
copole.  In  every  country  except  Great  Britain, 
It  means  one  who  sells  drugs,  makes  up  prescrip- 
tions, Ac.  In  addition  to  these  offices,  which, 
indeed,  they  rarely  exercise,  except  in  the  case 
of  their  own  patients,  the  Apothecaries  in  Eng- 
land form  a  privileged  class  of  practitioners — a 
kind  of  sub-physician. 

APOTHERAPEI'A,  ApiotherapV a,  Apothera- 
peu'sis,  from  a-o^cpuTrsvij},  {a-^o  and  depa-Krvbi,)  'I 
cure.'  A  perfect  cure. — Hippoc.  In  the  ancient 
Gymnastics,  it  meant  the  last  part  of  the  exer- 
cises : — the  friction,  inunction,  and  bathing,  for 
the  purpose  of  obviating  fatigue,  or  curing  dis- 
ease.— Galen,  GorrEeus. 

APOTHERAPEUSIS,  Apotherapeia. 

APOTHER'MUM,  from  avo,  and  Stpixn,  'heat.' 
A  pickle  made  of  mustard,  oil,  and  vinegar. — 
Galen. 

APOTH'ESIS,  from  airoTiSn^t,  'I  replace.' 
The  position  proper  to  be  given  to  a  fractured 
limb,  after  reduction. 

APOTHICAIRE,  Apothecary. 

APOTHICAIRERIE,  (F.)  from  aTzo^n<ri,  'a 
warehouse,  shop.'  The  same  as  Apotheca;  also, 
a  gallipot. 

APOTHLIM'MA,  from  ano,  and  5Xi(3a),  'I 
press  from.'  Anciently,  the  dregs,  and  some- 
times the  expressed  juice,  Si.ccw  expres'sus,  of 
plants. — Gorrteus. 

APOTHRAU'SIS,  from  avo^pavw,  'I  break.' 
Kracture  of  a  bone,  with  spicula  remaining.  Ex- 
traction of  a  spiculum  of  bone. — Gorrseus.  Also, 
Abscission. 

APOTILMOS,  Evulsion. 

APOT'OKOS,  from  a-ro,  and  tiktu,  'I  bring 
forth.'    An  abortive  foetus. — Hippocrates. 

APOTOME,  Amputation. 

APOTOMIA,  Amputation. 

APOTROP^UM,  Amuletum. 

APOTROPE,  Aversion,  Also,  deviation — as 
•f  a  limb — Parat'rope. 


APOXYSMUS,  Abrasion. 

APOZEM,  Decoction. 

APOZESIS,  Decoction. 

APPARA'TUS,  Parasceu'e,  from  ad  and  pa- 
rare,  '  to  prepare.'  This  word  signiiies  a  collec- 
tion of  instruments,  &c.,  for  any  operation  what- 
ever.    (F.)  Appareil. 

In  surgery,  it  means  the  methodical  arrange- 
ment of  all  the  instruments  and  objects  necessary 
for  an  operation  or  dressing.  By  extension,  the 
French  give  the  name  Appareil,  Capsa  chiriir'- 
gica,  to  the  ease  or  drawers  in  which  the  appara- 
tus is  arranged. 

Apparatus  has  likewise  been  applied  to  the 
different  modes  of  operating  for  the  stone. — See 
Lithotomy. 

In  Physiology,  Apparatus  {Appareil)  is  ap- 
plied to  a  collection  of  organs,  all  of  which  work 
towards  the  same  end.  A  system  of  organs  com- 
prehends all  those  formed  of  a  similar  texture. 
An  apparatus  often  comprehends  organs  of  very 
different  nature.  In  ihe,  former,  there  is  analogy 
of  structure ;  in  the  latter,  analogy  of  function. 

Apparatus  Altus,  see  Lithotomy. 

Apparatus  Immov'able,  (F.)  Appareil  iramo- 
hile.  Immovable  Bandage,  Permanent  Bandage. 
An  apparatus  for  fractures,  which  is  generally 
formed  by  wetting  the  bandages  in  some  sub- 
stance, as  starch  or  dextrin,  which  becomes  solid, 
and  retains  the  parts  in  situ. 

Apparatus  Lateralis,  see  Lithotomy  —  a. 
Major,  see  Lithotomy — a.  Minor,  see  Lithotomy. 

APPAREIL,  Apparatus,  Battier  —  a.  Grand, 
see  Lithotomy — a.  Haut,  see  Lithotomy — a.  Im- 
mobile,  Apparatus,  immovable — a.  Lateralise,  see 
Lithotomy  —  a.  Petit,  see  Lithotomy —  a.  Pig- 
mental, Pigmental  apparatus. 

APPAREILS  BE  FORMATION,  (F.)  Gall 
admits,  in  the  brain,  two  kinds  of  fibres ;  the 
one,  divergent,  proceeding  from  the  cerebral  pe- 
duncles to  the  convolutions,  and  constituting 
what  he  calls  appareils  de  formation  :  the  other, 
convergent,  and  proceeding  from  the  convolutions 
to  the  centre  of  the  organ,  constituting  what  he 
calls  appareils  de  reunion.  The  frst,  as  a  whole, 
form  the  organs  of  the  mental  faculties  :  the  latter 
are  commissures,  which  unite  parts  of  the  organ 
that  are  double  and  in  pairs. 

APPAUVRI,  Impoverished. 

APPENBICE,  Appendix  — o.  C(Ecal,  Appen- 
dix vermiformis  cseci — a.  Bigital,  Appendix  ver- 
miformis  cseci  —  a.  Sous-sternale,  Xiphoid  carti- 
lage—  a.  Sns-spheno'idale  du  cerveaxi,  Pituitary 
gland — a.  Xipho'ide,  Xiphoid  cartilage. 

Appendices  Coli  AdipoSjE,  Appendiculss  epi- 
ploicEe — Epiplo'iques,  Appendiculee  epiploicas. 

APPENDICULA  CEREBRI,  Pituitary  gland 
—  a.  Vermiformis  cteci,  see  Appendix  —  a.  Epi- 
ploica,  Epipiloic  appendage. 

APPENDIC'ULiEPINGUEDIN0'S^,i7p»y- 
loic  ap)pendages,  Appendic'ulcs  Epiplo'iccE,  Ap- 
pen' dices  coli  adijoo'scB,  Omen' tula,  (F. )  Aptpen- 
dices  Epiiplo'iques.  Prolongations  of  the  peri- 
toneum beyond  the  surface  of  the  great  intestine, 
which  are  analagous  in  texture  and  arrangement 
to  omenta. 

APPEN'DIX,  Epiph'ysis,  from  appendere,  {ad 
and pendere,  ' to  hang,')  'to  hang  from.'  Any 
part  that  adheres  to  an  organ  or  is  continuoua 
with  it : — seeming  as  if  added  to  it.  An  apypeud- 
age;  an  apophysis,  (F.)  Appendice,  Annexe. 

Appendix  Auricula,  see  Auricles  of  the 
Heart. 

Appendix    Cerebri,  Pituitary  gland  —  a.  ad 

Cerebrum,  Cerebellum — a.  Cutanea  SeptiNariam, 

Statica  Septi  Narium — a.  to  the  Epididymis,  Vae- 

culum  aberrans — a.  Ventriculi,  Duodenum. 

Appendix  A''er.mifor'mis,  Appendic'ula  Ver- 


4PPEXSI0 


AQUA 


my/or'mis  Cce'ci,  Tubus  Vermicula'rh  Ocbo!,  Ec'- 
2>hyas,  Addltamen'tam  Goli,  Appen'dix  Oce'ci,  (F.) 
Appendice  vcrmiformc,  A.  ccecal  ou  digital.  A 
vermicular  process,  the  size  of  a  goose-quill, 
■which  hangs  from  the  intestine  csecwm.  Its  func- 
tions are  unknown. 

APPEXSIO,  see  Analeptia. 

KW'EiT'&l^C'Ei,  Appeten'tia,  from  appetere,  {ad 
and  petere,)  '  to  desire.'  An  ardent,  passionate 
desire  for  any  object. 

APPETIT,  PERTE  B%  Anorexia.        \ 

AP'PETITE,  Appeti'tus,  Appnten'tia,  Appeti"- 
Sr(,  {ad  and  petere,)  'to  seek,'  Cupi'do,  Orex'is, 
Orme:  same  etymology  as  the  last.  An  internal 
twnsation,  which  warns  us  of  the  necessity  of  ex- 
erting certain  functions,  especially  those  of  diges- 
tion and  generation.  In  the  latter  ease  it  is  called 
venereal  appetite,  (F.)  Appetit  venerien:  in  the 
former,  simply  appetite,  (F.)  Appetit  ou  Appeti- 
tion.  If  the  desire  for  food,  occasioned  by  a  real 
want,  be  carried  to  a  certain  extent,  it  is  called 
hunger,  when  solid  food  is  concerned  ;  thirst,  when 
liquid.  Aripetite  and  hunger  ought  not,  how- 
ever, to  be  employed  synonymously :  they  are 
different  degrees  of  the  same  want.  Hunger  is 
an  imperious  desire  :  it  cannot  be  provoked,  like 
the  appetite.  It  is  always  allayed  by  eating :  but 
not  so  the  appetite;  for,  at  times,  it  may  be  ex- 
cited in  this  manner.  They  are  very  generally, 
however,  used  synonymously. 

Appetite,  Morbid,  Limosis. 

Ap'petite,  Vexe'real,  Venereal  desire,  (F.) 
Le  genesique,  Ainour  jihysique.  The  instinctive 
feeling  that  attracts  the  sexes  towards  each  other 
to  effect  the  work  of  reproduction. 

APPETITUS  CANIXUS,  Boulimia— a.  Defi- 
ciens,  Dysorexia. 

APPLE,  ADAM'S,  Pomum  Adami— a.  Bitter, 
Cucumis  colocynthis  —  a.  Curassoa,  Aurantium 
curassaventium  —  a.  Eye,  see  Melon  —  a.  May, 
Podophyllum  peltatum — a.  Root,  Euphorbia  co- 
toUata. 

Apple  Tea,  Apple  water.  Slice  two  large,  not 
over-ripe  apples,  and  pour  over  a  pint  of  boiling 
water.  After  an  hour,  pour  off  the  fluid,  and,  if 
necessary,  sweeten  with  sugar. 

Apple  Tree,  Pyrus  mains. 

APPLICA'TA,from  applicare,  {ad  and  pi  icare, 
'to  fold,')  'to  apply.'  A  word,  unnecessarily  in- 
troduced into  medical  language,  to  express  the 
objects  which  are  applied  immediately  to  the  sur- 
face of  the  body,  as  clothes,  cosmetics,  baths,  &c. 
—Halle. 

APPLTCA'TIOiSr,  Appliea'tio,  fsame  etymon,) 
in  a  moral  signification,  is  synonymous  with  At- 
tention. Also,  the  act  of  applying  one  thing  to 
another:  as  the  application  of  an  apparatus,  of 
a  bandasje,  blister,  &e. 

APPREHEX'SIO,  from  ad  and  prehendere, 
'  to  take.'  This  word  is  employed  in  various 
senses.  It  means  catalepsy  or  eatoehe.  —  Paul 
Zacchias.  A  kind  of  bandage  for  securing  any 
part.     Also,  a  theraneutieal  indication. 

APP ROCHE,  Coition. 

APPROXIMA'TIOX,  Approxlma'tin,  from  ad 
and  proximus,  'nearest.'  Ettrauller  gave  this 
name  to  a  pretended  method  of  curing  disease, 
by  making  it  pass  from  man  into  some  animal  or 
vegetable,  by  the  aid  of  immediate  contact. 

ApPiAC'TA,  from  a,  priv.,  and  rjjno-o-uj,  '  I  act.' 
V/'ithout  action.  An  epithet  for  the  parts  of  ge- 
neration, when  unSt  for  copulation  or  generation. 

APRICATIO,  Insolation. 

APRICOT,  Prnnus  Armeniaca. 

APROCTUS,  see  Atretus. 

APROSO'PIA,  Triocephal'ia,  from  a,  priv., 
and  -rrpoc-w-ov,  '  the  face.'  A  malformation,  which 
consists  in  the  face  being  deficient. 


APR0S0PT7S,  Mieroprosopus. 

APSINTHIA'TUM,  from  a^iv^.ov,  'worm- 
wood.' A  sort  of  drink  made  of  wormwood. 
— A  e  tins. 

APSINTHITES,  Absinthites. 

APSTCHIA,  Syncope. 

APSYXIA,  Syncope. 

APTH^,  Aphthffi. 

APTYS'TOS,  from  o,  priv.,  and  tttuo),  'I  spit. 
Devoid  of  expectoration.  An  epithet  given  tt 
certain  pleurisies,  in  which  there  is  no  expectora- 
tion.— Hippocrates. 

APUS,  see  Apodia. 

APY'ETOS,  from  a,  priv.,  and  ttvov,  'pus.'  An 
external  affection,  which  does  not  end  in  suppu- 
ration. 

APYIQUE,  Apyos. 

AP'YOS,  from  a,  priv.,  and  tvov,  'pus,'  (F.) 
Apyique.     That  which  does  not  afford  pus. 

APYRECTIC,  Apyretic. 

APYREXOMELE,  Apyromele. 

APYRET'IC,  Apyret'icv.8,  Apyrec'tic,  Apyrec'- 
ticus,  Apyr'etua,  from  a,  priv.,  and  irvp,  'fire, 
fever.'  Without  fever.  This  epithet  is  given  to 
days  in  which  there  is  no  paroxysm  of  a  disease, 
as  in  the  case  of  an  intermittent,  as  well  as  to 
some  local  affections  which  do  not  induce  fever. 
Urticaria  is  sometimes  called  an  apyi-etic  exan- 
them. 

APYREX'IA.  The  same  etymology.  Absence 
of  fever:  Dialem'ma,  Dialeip'sis,  Dialip'sis, 
Tempua  intercala're.  Interval' lu?n,  Intermis'sio. 
Apyrexia  is  the  condition  of  an  intermittent 
fever  between  the  paroxysms :  the  duration  of 
the  apyrexia,  consequently,  depends  on  the  typo 
of  the  intermittent.  Occasionally,  the  term  has 
been  applied  to  the  cessation  of  the  febrile  con- 
dition in  acute  diseases. 

APYROME'LB,  Apyrenome'le,  from  a,  priv., 
TvpTjv,  'a  nut,'  and  fuyX??,  'a  sound.'  A  sound  or 
probe,  without  a  button  or  nut.  It  is  the  Mela'tie, 
Specil'Ium  auricula' rium  or  Auricular  sound  of 
Galen. 

AQUA,  Urine,  "Water  —  a.  Aeidi  carbonici. 
Acidulous  water  —  a.  Acidula  hydrosulphurata, 
Naples  water  (factitious)  —  a.  Aeris  fixi.  Acidu- 
lous water  (simple)  —  a.  Alkalina  oxymuriatiea, 
Eau  de  Javelle — a.  Aluminis  compositus.  Liquor, 
a.  c. — a.  Aluminosa  Bateana,  Liq.  aluminis  com- 
positus— a.  Aramoniae,  Liquor  ammonise — a.  Ace- 
tatis  ammonife.  Liquor  ammonia}  acetatis  —  a. 
Ammoniss  carbonatis.  Liquor  ammoniae  subcar- 
bonatis — a.  Ammonite  caustica.  Liquor  ammonise 
— a.  Amnii,  Liquor  Amnii. 

Aqua  Amygdala'rum  Concentra'ta,  (F.) 
Eau  d'Amandes  arncrcs,  Water  of  hitter  almonds. 
Made  by  bruising  well  two  pounds  of  litter  al- 
monds;  adding,  whilst  triturating,  ten  pounds 
of  spring  water,  and  four  pounds  of  alcohol ;  let- 
ting the  mixture  rest  in  a  well-closed  vessel,  and 
then  distilling  two  pounds.  Used  instead  of  the 
Aqua  Laurocerasi,  and  the  Hydrocyanic  acid. 

An  Aqua  amyg'dalm  ama'rcE,  Bitter  Almond 
water,  has  been  introduced  into  the  last  edition 
of  the  Ph.  IT.  S.,  1851,  {01.  amygdal.  amar. 
TTLxvj. ;  Ifagnes.  Carhon.  ^}. ;  Aqua  Oij.) 

Aqfa  Anisi  Fortis,  Spiritus  anisi — a.  Aquis- 
granensis,  see  Aix-la-Chapelle  —  a.  Auditoria, 
Cotunnius,  Liquor  of — a.  Aurantii,  see  Citrus  au- 
rantium—  a.  Azotica  oxygenata.  Aqua  nitrogenii 
protoxydi  —  a.  Balsamica  artcrialis.  Aqua  Bi- 
nellii — a.  Bareginensis,  Bareges  water — a.  Barytaj 
Muriatis,  see  Baryta,  muriate  of — a.  Bellilucana, 
Balaruc  waters — a.  Benedicta,  Liquor  caleis — a. 
Benedicta  composita.  Liquor  caleis  compositus — • 
a.  Benedicta  Rulandi,  Vinum  antimonll  lartari- 
zati. 

Aqua  Bine'llii,  Acqua  Binelli,  A.  Ifonftroni, 


AQUiE  AOIDUL^ 


94 


AQU^DUCTUS 


Afjua  Bdham'ica  arteria'lls,  (F.)  Eau  de  Binelli, 
Eau  de  Monteronsi.  A  celebrated  Italian  haamo- 
Btatic,  invented  by  one  Binelli.  Its  composition 
is  unknown,  but  its  virtues  have  been  ascribed  to 
creasote ;  although  there  is  reason  for  believing 
it  to  possess  no  more  activity  than  cold  water. 

Aqua  Brocchie'rii,  Acqua  Brocchieri,  Broc- 
chieri  water,  (F.)  Eau  de  Brocchieri,  Eau  sty})- 
tique  de  BroccJtieri.  A  supposed  styptic,  which 
made  much  noise  at  Paris  at  one  time.  It  is  de- 
void of  efficacy.  Dr.  Paris  found  nothing  in  it 
but  water  perfumed  by  some  vegetable  essence. 

Aqua  Borvonensis,  Bourbonne-les-Bains,  mi- 
neral waters  of — -a.  Bristoliensis,  Bristol  water — 
a.  Calcarise  ustaj.  Liquor  calcis — a.  Calcis,  Liquor 
calcis — a.  Calcis  composita.  Liquor  calcis  compo- 
situs  —  a-  Camphorae,  Mistura  camphorae  —  a. 
Camphorata,  Bates's,  see  Cupri  sulphas  —  a.  Car- 
bonatis  soda3  acidula,  Acidulous  water,  simple  — 
a.  Catapultarum,  Arquebusade,  eau  d'  —  a.  Chlo- 
rini,  see  Chlorine. 

Aqua  Cinnamo'mi,  Cinnamon  Water.  Distilled 
water  of  Cinnamon  Bark.  Prepared  also  in  the 
following  manner.  01.  Ginnam.  f^ss;  Magnes. 
Carbon,  ^j  ;  Aq.  destillat.  Oij.  Rub  the  oil  and 
carbonate  of  magnesia ;  add  the  water  gradually, 
and  filter.     (Ph!  U.  S.) 

Aqua  Cinnamomi  Fortis,  Spiritus  Cinnamomi 
■ — a.  Colcestrensis,  Colchester,  mineral  waters  of. 

Aqua  Colora'ta,  '  coloured  water.'  A  name 
given  to  a  prescription  in  which  simple  coloured 
water  is  contained.  Used  in  hospital  cases,  more 
especially,  where  &  jilacebo  is  demanded. 

Aqua  Cupri  Ajimoniata,  Liquor  c.  a, — a.  Cu- 
pri vitriolati  composita,  Liquor  cupri  sulphatis 
composita — a.  inter  Cutem,  Anasarca — a.  Destil- 
lata,  Water,  distilled  —  a.  Florum  aurantii,  see 
Citrus  aurantium  —  a.  Fluviatilis,  Water,  river. 

Aqua  Fosnic'uli,  Fennel  water.  The  distilled 
water  of  fennel  seed.  It  may  be  prepared  also 
like  the  aqua  cinnamomi. 

Aqua  Fontana,  Water,  spring — a.  Fortis,  Ni^ 
trie  acid — a,  Hepatica,  Ilydrosulphuretted  water 
—  a.  Hordeata,  Deeoctum  hordei  —  a.  Imbrium, 
Water,  rain  —  a.  Intercus,  Anasarca  —  a.  Inter 
Cutem,  Anasarca — a.  Juniperi  composita,  S^jiritus 
juniperi  compositus  —  a.  Kali,  Liquor  potassae 
dubcarbonatis  —  a.  Kali  caustici.  Liquor  potassas 
— a.  Kali  prseparati.  Liquor  potassifi  subcarbon- 
atis — a.  Kali  puri.  Liquor  potassae— a.  Kali  sub- 
carbonatis,  Liquor  potassae  subcarbonatis — a.  La- 
byrinthi,  Cotunnius,  liquor  of — a.  Lactis,  Serum 
laetis  —  a.  ex  Lacu,  Water,  lake  —  a.  Lithargyri 
acetati  composita,  Liquor  plumbi  subacetatis  di- 
lutus — a.  LuciiB,  Spiritus  ammoniaj  succinatus — 
a.  Marina,  Water,  sea  —  a.  Medicata,  Water,  mi- 
neral. 

Aqua  Mexth^e  Pipeei'TjE,  Peppermint  Water. 
The  distilled  water  of  peppermint.  It  may  be 
prepared  like  the  aqua  cinnamomi. 

Aqua  Mentha  Piperitidis  Spirituosa,  Spi- 
ritus menthie  piperitaa — a.  Menthas  viridis,  Spear- 
mint water;  see  Aquo3  mentha;  piperita — a.  Men- 
thae  vulgaris  spirituosa,  Spiritus  mentha3  viridis — 
— a.  Mineralis,  Water,  mineral — a.  Mirabilis,  Spi- 
ritus pimentae  —  a.  Mulsa,  Ilydromeli  —  a.  Natri 
Oxmyuriatici,  Liquor  sodae  chlorinate  —  a.  Nea- 
politana,  Naples  water,  (factitious) — a.  Ncphrit- 
ica,  Spiritus  myristica. 

Aqua  Nitrogen'ii  Protox'ydi,  Protox'ide 
of  Ni'tro(]en  Water,  Aqua  azot'ica  oxygena'ta, 
Searle's  patent  ox)/(j"enoun  aerated  water.  A  pa- 
tent solution  of  protoxide  of  nitrogen,  said  to 
contain  five  times  its  own  bulk  of  gas.  It  has 
ijeen  recommended  as  a  nervine,  and  excitant  in 
nervous  conditions,  dyspepsia,  &c.  It  has  also 
been  used  in  cholera,  and  to  counteract  the  evil 
consequences  of  di-unkennesa.  The  dose  is  f  ^vj, 


or  §viii,  two  or  three  times  a  day;  or,  in  dys- 
pepsia, as  a  beverage  between  meals. 

Aqua  Nivata,  Water,  snow — a.  Nucis  moscha- 
tae,  Spiritus  myristicae — a.  Ophthalmiea,  Liquor 
zinci  sulphatis  cum  camphora  —  a.  Paludosa, 
Water,  marsh  —  a.  Pedum,  Urine  —  a.  Pericardii, 
see  Pericardium  —  a.  Picea,  see  Pinus  sylvestris 
—  a.  Picis,  see  Pinus  sylvestris — a.  Pluvialis, 
Water,  rain  —  a.  Potassae,  Liquor  potassae  —  a, 
Pulegii  spirituosa,  Spiritus  pnlegii  —  a.  Putealis, 
Water,  well — a.  ex  Puteo,  Vv'ater,  well — a.  Rabelli, 
Elixir  acidum  Halleri  —  a.  Raphani  composita, 
Spiritus  armoraciae  compositus — a.  Regia,  ISTitro- 
muriatic  acid. 

Aqua  Ros^,  Rose  Water,  Rhodostag'ma) 
(Eos.  centifol.  Ibviij  :  AqucB  cong.  ij.  M.  Distil  a 
gallon— Ph.  U.  S.) 

Aqua  Salubris,  Water,  mineral  —  a.  Sappha- 
rina.  Liquor  cupri  ammoniata  —  a.  Saturni,  Li- 
quor plumbi  subacetatis  dilutus  —  a.  Sclopetaria, 
Arquebusade  eau  d'  —  a.  Scminum  anisi  compo- 
sita, Spiritus  anisi  —  a.  Scminum  carui  fortis, 
Spiritus  carui  —  a.  Soda  effervescens.  Acidulous 
water,  simple  —  a.  Soteria,  Water,  mineral  —  a. 
Stygia,  Nitro-muriatic  acid — a.  Styptica,  Liquor 
cupri  sulphatis  composita  —  a.  Sulphurata  sim- 
plex, Hydrosulphuretted  water  —  a.  Sulphurcti 
ammonife.  Liquor  fumans  Boylii  —  a.  Thediana, 
Arquebusade  eau  d'  —  a.  Theriacalis  Bezoardica, 
Chylostagma  diaphoreticum  Mindereri  —  a.  To- 
fana.  Liquor  arsenicalis  —  a.  Tosti  panis.  Toast 
water — a.  Traumatica  Thedenii,  Arquebusade  eau 
d' — a.  Vegeto-mineralis,  Liquor  plumbi  subace- 
tatis dilutus — a.  Viciensis,  Vichy  water — a.  Vi- 
triolica  camphorata.  Liquor  zinci  sulphatis  cum 
camphora — a.  Vitriolica  caerulea,,  Solutio  sulpha- 
tis cupri  composita — a.  Vulneraria,  Arquebusade 
eau  d' — a.  Zinci  vitriolati  cum  camphora,  Liquor 
zinci  sulphatis  cum  camphora. 

AQU^  ACIDULjSI,  Acidulous  waters  —  a, 
Badiguas,  Bath,  Mineral  waters  of — a.  Badizae, 
Bath,  Mineral  waters  of — a.  Bathoniae,  Bath, 
Mineral  waters  of — a.  Buxtonienses,  Buxton,  Mi- 
neral waters  of — a.  Cantuarienses,  Canterbury, 
waters  of — a.  Chalybeataj,  V/aters,  mineral,  cha- 
lybeate. 

Aqu^  Destilla't^,  Distilled  Waters,  Hydro- 
la'ta,  (F.)  Hydrolats.  These  are  made  by  put- 
ting vegetable  substances,  as  roses,  mint,  penny-r 
royal,  Ac,  into 'a  still  with  water,  and  drawing 
off  as  much  as  is  found  to  possess  the  aromatic 
properties  of  the  plant.  To  every  gallon  of  the 
distilled  water,  5  oz.  of  spirit  should  be  added  to 
preserve  it.  The  simple  distilled  waters  are  some- 
times called  AqiicB  stillatit"icE  sim'plices :  the  spi- 
rituous, Aqua  stillatit"i(B  spirituo'scB,  but  more 
commonly  Spir'itus. 

Aqu^  Martiales,  Waters,  mineral,  chalybe- 
ate— a.  Metus,  Hydrophobia — a.  Minerales  aci- 
dulae.  Waters,  mineral,  gaseous  —  a.  Minerales 
ferruginosEe,  Waters,  mineral,  chalybeate- — a.  Mi- 
nerales sulphurese,  Waters,  mineral,  sulphureous 
— a.  Stillatitias,  Aquae  destillata^ — a.  Solis,  Bath, 
mineral  waters  of. 

AQUiEDUC'TUS,  Aq'ueduct,  from  aqua  'wa- 
ter,' and  ducere,  ductum,  'to  lead.'  (F.)  Aqne- 
duc.  Properly,  a  canal  for  conducting  water 
from  one  place  to  another.  Anatomists  have 
used  it  to  designate  certain  canals. 

AqUjEDUctus  Cerebri,  Infundibulum  of  the 
brain — a.  Cotunnii,  Aqua;ductus  vestibuH. 

Aqu^duc'tus  Coch'lejE,  (F.)  Aqucduc  du  Li- 
mnron  ;  —  a  very  narrow  canal,  which  proceeds 
from  the  tympanic  scala  of  the  cochlea  to  the 
posterior  edge  oiihe pars pictrosa. 

Aqu^duc'tus  Fallo'pii,  Canal  spiro'ide  d« 
I'os  temporal  of  Chaussier,  (P.)  Aqueduc  de  P\i- 
lope.    A  canal  in  the  pars  petrosa  of  the  tempo- 


AQUALICULUS 


95 


ARACHNOID  CANAL 


ral  bone,  which  extends  from  the  meatus  audito- 
rins  internus  to  the  foramen  stylo-mastoideum, 
and  gives  passage  to  the  facial  nerve.  The 
opening  into  this  aqueduct  is  called  Hia'tiw  Fol- 
io'pii. 

AqUjEDUc'tus  Syl'vii,  Oana'Us  emmen'ticB 
quadrigem'inas,  (P.)  Aqueduc  de  Sylvius,  Iter  ad 
quartum  ventric' ulum,  Cana'lis  me  dius,  Canal  in- 
termcdiare  des  ventricules  of  Chaussier.  A  canal 
forming  a  communication  between  the  third  and 
fourth  ventricles  of  the  brain. 

Aqujeduc'tus  Vestib'uli,  AqiKsductus  Ootun'- 
nii,  Ganal  of  Cotun' niiis,  (F.)  Aqueduc  du  vestibule 
ou  Aqueduc  de  Ootugno.  This  begins  in  the  ves- 
tibule, near  the  common  orifice  of  the  two  semi- 
circular canals,  and  opens  at  the  posterior  surface 
of  the  pars  petrosa. 

AQUALICULUS,  from  aqualis,  '  a  water-pot.' 
That  part  of  the  abdomen  which  extends  from 
the  umbilicus  to  the  pubes.  See  Hj^pogastrium. 
It  has  also  been  applied  to  the  stomach  or  intes- 
tinal canal. 

AQUAS'TER.  A  word  used,  by  Paracelsus, 
to  express  the  visions  or  hallucinations  of  pa- 
tients. 

AQUED UC,  Aqueduct — a.  de  Cotugno — Aquce- 
ductus  vestibuli — a.  de  Fallope,  Aquisductus  Fal- 
lopii — a.  du  Lima(;on,  Aquasductus  eochleaj  —  a. 
de  Sylvius,  Aquasductus  Sylvii — a.  du  Vestibule, 
Aquaduetus  vestibuli. 

AQUEDUCT,  Aquseductus. 

A'QUEOUS,  A'queus,  Aqun'sus,  Hydato'des. 
Hydro'des,  from  aqua,  'water,'  (F.)  Aqueux, 
Watery.  The  absorbents  or  lymphatics  are 
Bometimes  called,  in  France,  Conduits  ou  Ca- 
naux  aqueux. 

Aqueous  Humour  of  the  Eye,  Humor  aquo'- 
«U8,  Albugin' eous  humour,  Ooei'des,  Oo'des,  Hy- 
datoVdes,  Hydato'des,  Ova'tus  seu  Ovifor'mis 
humor,  (F.)  Humeur  aqueuse.  The  limpid  fluid 
which  fills  the  two  chambers  of  the  eye,  from  the 
cornea  to  the  crystalline,  and  which  is,  conse- 
quently, in  contact  with  the  two  surfaces  of  the 
iris.  Quantity,  5  or  6  grains :  s.  g.  1.0003.  It 
contains  albumen,  chloride  of  sodium,  and  phos- 
phate of  lime  in  small  quantity;  and  is  enveloped 
in  a  fine  membrane : — the  membrane  of  the  aqueous 
humour,  Tunica  propria  seu  Vagi'na  humo'ris 
x'quei  seu  3[embra' na  Demuria'na  seu  Desce- 
met'ii.  Membrane  of  Demours  or  of  Descemet;  al- 
though these  last  terms  are  by  some  appropri- 
ated to  a  third  layer  of  the  cornea. 

AQUEUS,  Aqueous. 

AQUIDUCA,  Hydragogues. 

AQUIFOLIUM,  Ilex  aquifolium  —  a.  Foliis 
deciduis,  Prinos. 

AQUILA,  Hydrargyri  submurias.  Sulphur. 

The  alchymists  used  this  word  for  sublimed 
sal  ammoniac,  precipitated  mercury,  arsenic,  sul- 
phur, and. the  philosopher's  stone.  See  Hydrar- 
gyri Submurias,  and  Sulphur. 

Aq'uila  Ccelest'is;  a  sort  of  panacea,  of  which 
mercury  was  a  constituent. 

Aq'uila  LACH'RYjr.E;  a  liquor  prepared  from 
several  ingredients,  especially  from  calomel. 

Aq'uila  Philosopho'rum.  The  alchymists, 
whose  terms  were  always  mysterious,  called  mer- 
cury thus,  when  reduced  to  its  original  form. 

Aq'uila  Yen'eris  ;  an  ancient  preparation, 
made  by  subliming  verdigris  and  sal  ammoniac. 

AQU'lL^  VEN^E,  Temporal  veins. 

AQUILE'GIA,  A.  vxdga'ris,  A.  sylves'tris  seu 
A^pi'na,  Common  Colombine  or  Columbine,  (P.) 
Aneolie.  The  seeds,  herb,  and  flowers  were  for- 
merly used  in  jaundice  and  cutaneous  diseases. 
They  are  still  retained  in  many  of  the  Pharma- 
copoeias of  continental  Europe. 

Aqcilegia  Alpina,  AquUegia. 

Aquilegia  Canadensis,    Wild  Columbine,   is 


indigenous,  and  flowers  in  April  and  June.     The 
seeds  are  said  to  be  tonic. 

Aquilegia  Sylvestkis,  Aquilegia — a.  Vul- 
garis, Aquilegia. 

AQUO-CAPSULITIS,  Aquo-membranitis. 

AQUO-MEMBRANI'TIS,  Keratoiri'tis,  Aquo- 
capsulV tis.  Inflammation  of  the  anterior  cham- 
ber of  the  eye.  A  badly  compounded  term,  de- 
noting inflammation  of  the  capsule  or  membrane, 
of  the  aqueous  humour. 

AQUULA,  Ceratocele,  Hydatid,  Hydroa — a. 
Acustica,  Cotunnius,  liquor  of. 

Aquula  seu  Aqua  Morgagnii.  The  minute 
portion  of  water  which  escapes  when  an  opening 
is  made  into  the  capsule  of  the  crj'stalline. 

ARA  PARVA,  a  small  altar; — a  kind  of  band- 
age invented  by  Sostratus,  which  represents  the 
corners  of  an  altar. — Galen. 

AR'ABE  ;  a  wound,  a  blow. — Erotian. 

ARAB'ICA  ANTID'OTUS  HEPAT'ICA,  Ar'- 
abic  Hepat'ic  An'tidote.  A  powder  composed  of 
myrrh,  costus,  white  pepper,  &c.  It  was  admi- 
nistered in  new  wine. 

AR  AB'ICUS  LAPIS.  A  sort  of  white  marble, 
analogous  to  alabaster,  found  in  Arabia.  It  was 
regarded  as  absorbent  and  desiccative,  and  was 
employed  in  hemorrhoids. 

ARABIS  BARBAREA,  Erysimum  barbarca. 

AR'ABIS  MALAG'MA.  An  antiscrofulou. 
medicine,  composed  of  myrrh,  olibanum,  wax 
sal  ammoniac,  iron  pyrites,  &c. — Celsus. 

AR'ABS,  MEDICINE  OF  THE.  The  Ara. 
bians  kept  the  torch  of  medical  science  illumi- 
nated during  a  dark  period  of  the  middle  ages. 
Before  the  year  of  the  Hegira,  they  had  schools 
of  medicine ;  but  these  were  most  flourishing 
during  the  10th,  11th,  and  12th  centuries.  The 
chief  additions  made  by  them  to  medical  science 
were  in  the  departments  of  pharmacy  and  in  the 
description  of  diseases.  Their  principal  writers 
were  Avicenna,  Serapion,  Averrhoes,  Hali  Abbas, 
Moses  Maimonides,  Avenzoar,  Rhazes,  Albuca- 
sis.  &c. 

ARACACHA,  Conium  moschatum. 

ARACHIS  AFRICANA,  A.  hypogea^a.  Ame- 
ricana, A.  Hypogea. 

Ar'achis  Hypoge'a,  a.  America'na,  A.  Afri- 
ca'na,  Arachni'da  hy^wgea,  Ground  nut.  Peanut, 
Earth  almond,  (S.)  Ilane ;  erroneously  called 
Pistachio  nut,  in  the  South;  Pindars  of  the  West 
Indies.  Cultivated  in  the  Southern  States.  The 
seeds  are  oily,  and  are  eaten.  A  kind  of  inferior 
chocolate  may  be  made  of  them. 

ARACH'NE,  apa)^vn,  'a  spider,'  'a  cobweb.' 
Hence 

ARACHNIDA  HYPOGEA,  Arachis  hypogea, 

ARACHNI'TIS,  Arachnoidi'tis,  Arachnodei'- 
tis,  Inflammation  of  the  Arachnoid.  A  variety 
of  phrenitis. 

ARACHNODEITIS,  Arachnitis. 

ARACHNOID  CANAL,  see  Canal,  arachnoid. 

Arachnoid  of  the  Eye.  The  lining  mem- 
brane of  a  cavity,  supposed  by  some  to  exist  be- 
tween the  sclerotic  and  choroid. 

Arach'noid  Membrane,  ileninx  Ife'dia, 
Arachno'ideus,  Arachno'des,  from  apa^vr;,  'a  cob- 
web,' and  two;,  '  form,  resemblance ;'  Tu'nica 
ara'nea,  Arachno'des,  T.  crysfal'lina,  Menin'- 
gion.  A  name  given  to  several  membranes, 
which,  by  their  extreme  thinness,  resemble  ?pi- 
der-webs.  —  Celsus  and  Galen  called  thus  the 
membrane  of  the  vitreous  humour,  —  the  tuuicn 
hyaloidea.  The  moderns  use  it  now  for  one  of 
the  membranes  of  the  brain,  situate  between  (be 
dura  mater  and  pia  mater.  It  is  a  serous  mem- 
brane, and  composed  of  two  layers  ;  the  externa 
being  confounded,  in  the  greater  part  of  its  extent, 
with  the  dura  mater,  and,  like  it,  lining  the  inte- 
rior of  the  cranium  and  spinal  canal;  the  oiher 


AKACHNOIDITIS 


ARCEUTHOS 


b<»ing  extended  over  the  brain,  from  •whicli  it  is 
separated  by  the  pia  mater,  without  passing  into 
the  sinuosities  between  the  convolutions,  and 
penetrating  into  the  interior  of  the  brain  by  an 
opening  at  its  posterior  part  under  the  corpus 
callosum.  It  forms  a  part  of  the  investing  sheath 
of  the  nerves,  as  they  pass  from  the  encephalic 
cavities.  Its  chief  uses  seem  to  be; — to  envelop, 
and,  in  some  measure,  protect  the  brain,  and  to 
secrete  a  fluid  for  the  purpose  of  keeping  it  in  a 
state  best  adapted  for  the  proper  performance  of 
lis  functions. 

ARACHNOIDITIS,  Arachnitis. 
ARACK',  Arrack;  (East  Indian.)  A  spiritu- 
ous liquor  made  in  India  in  various  ways,  often 
from  rice,  sometimes  from  sugar  fermented  along 
with  the  juice  of  the  cocoa  nut:  frequently  from 
toddy,  the  juice  which  flows  from  the  cocoa-nut 
tree  by  incision,  and  from  other  substances.  It 
is  a  strong,  heating  spirit. 

Arack,  Mock,  is  made  by  adding  ^ij  of  Ben- 
zoic  acid  to   a  quart  of  rum.      The   celebrated 
Vauxhall  punch  is  made  vrith  such  arack. 
ARACOUCHINI,  Idea  aracouehini. 
ARACUS  AROMATICUS,  Vanilla, 
AR'ADOS,    from    apaSco),   'I   am    turbulent,' 
The   agitation  excited  in  the   stomach   by  the 
coction  of  aliments  of  different  nature.  —  Hippo- 
crates.    Likewise,  the  motion  produced  by  ca- 
thartics. 

AR^OMA,  Interstice. 
AREOMETER,  Areometer. 
AR^OT'ICA,  from  apaiow,  'I  rarefy.'     Medi- 
cines supposed  to  have  the  quality  of  rarefying 
the  humours.     See  Rarefaciens. 
ARAKI,  see  Spirit, 

ARALIA  CANADENSIS,  Panax  quinquefo- 
lium. 

Aka'lia  His'pida,  Dwarf  Elder,  is  said  to  be 
diuretic,  and  has  been  recommended,  in  decoc- 
tion, in  dropsy. 

APuA'lia  Nudicaf'lis,  Nardxis  America' nva, 
Snail  Spikenard,  Wild  Liq'uorice,  Sweet  root, 
False  Sarsaparil'la,  (F.)  Petitnard.  This  Ame- 
rican jjlant  is  said  to  be  a  mild  stimulant  and 
diaphoretic,  and  has  been  recommended  as  a  sub- 
stitute for  sarsaparilla.  It  is  used,  also  as  a  tonic. 
It  is  in  the  seconda.ry  list  of  the  Pharmacopoeia 
of  the  United  States. 

Aba'lia  Racemo'sa,  American  Spihenard, 
lias  the  same  properties  as  A.  Nudicaulis. 

Ara'liA  Spino'sa,  Angel'ica  Tree,  Prichly 
J.ih,  Tooihach  Tree,  Spikenard  Tree,  Prickly 
Elder,  Shothush,  Pigeon  Tree.  Its  properties 
are  not  clear.  The  berries,  and  a  tincture  of 
them,  hare  been  employed,  it  is  said,  successfully 
la  toothach.  A  spirituous  infusion  has  also  been 
used  in  colic. 

ARANEA,  Aranese  Tela  —  a.  Tarentula,  see 
Tarentula. 

ARA'NE^  TELA,  Ara'nca,  Ara'jieum,  Coh- 
treb,  (F.)  Toile  d'A^raignee.  Formerly,  this  sub- 
stance was  much  employed,  and  supposed  to  pos- 
sess extraordinary  virtues,  especially  when  ap- 
j.lied  to  the  wrists.  It  has  been  recently  used 
again  in  intermittent^.  The  spider  itself,  sof- 
tened into  a  plaster  and  applied  to  the  forehead 
B,nd  temples,  is  said  by  Dioscorides  to  prevent 
ague.  Cobweb  is  a  mechanical  styptic,  and  is 
po  applied,  at  times. 

ARANEO'SA  URI'NA.  A  term  applied  to 
the  urine  when  loaded  with  filaments,  like  cob- 
webs. 

ARANEO'SUS  (PULSUS):  a  term  employed 
ti^  express  extreme  weakness  of  pulse;  when  the 
movements  resemble  those  of  a  delicate  net  raised 
ry  tlie  wind. 
ARANEUM,  Aranece  Tela. 


Ara'neum  Ulcus,  AstaMl'los.    A  name  given 
by  Paracelsus  to  a  malignant,  gangrenous  ulcer, 
extending  from  the  feet  to  the  legs. 
ARARA,  Myrobalanus  citrina, 
ARASCON,  Nymphomania,  Satyriasis, 
ARATRUM,  Vomer. 

ARAUCARIA  DOMBEYI,  Dombeya  excelsa. 

ARBOR  BENIVI,  Benjamin— a.  Indica,  Lau- 

rus  cassia — a.  Maris,  Coral— a,  Thurifera^ — Juni- 

perus    Lycia — a.  Uteri  Vivificans,   Palmae  uteri 

jilicataB. 

Arbor  Vit^e,  (F,)  Arbre  de  vie.  A  name 
given  to  an  arborescent  appearance,  observed  on 
cutting  the  cerebellum  longitudinally;  and  which 
results  from  the  particular  arrangement  of  the 
white  substance  with  the  eineritious.  Also,  tl)e 
Thuya  occidentalis. 

Arbor  Vit^Uterintjs,  Palmse  uteri  plieatie. 

Arbor  Vit^  of  the  Uteevs,  Palma;  uteri 
plicatse. 

AR'BORES.  A  morbid  alteration  of  the  skin, 
which  precedes  its  ulceration.     Ruland. 

ARBOUSIER,  Arbutus  unedo. 

ARBRE  BE  VIE,  Arbor  Vitfe. 

ARBUSCULA  GUMMIFERA  BRAZILIEN- 
SIS,  Hypericum  bacciferum. 

ARBUTUS,  A.  Unedo  — a.  TraUing,  A.  Uva 
ursi,  Epigaja  repcns. 

Ar'butus  Uva  Ursi,  Arctostaph'yloa  Uva 
ttrsi,  Maira'nia  uva  ursi.  Nat.  Ord.  Ericeje. 
Sex.  Syet.  Decandria  Monogynia.  (F.)  Buane- 
rolle  ou  Raisin  d'Ours.  The  leaves — (Uva  Ursi, 
Ph.  U.  S.) — of  this  plant  are  tonic  and  astringent, 
and  have  been  employed,  chiefly,  in  diseases  of 
the  urinary  organs.  Dose  of  the  powder  from 
gr.  XV.  to  jss.  The  English  names  are  Trailiiuj 
Ar'butus,  Bear's  Whortleberry  or  Bearberry, 
Mountain-box,  Redberry,  Upland  Cranberry, 
Foxberry,  Ohevkerberry. 

Ar'butus  Une'do,  Ar'butus,  J^ndrach'ne,  Une'- 
do,  Une'do  j)opyra'cea,  KOfjapo;,  (F.)  Arbotisier. 
A  decoction  of  the  leaves  is  astringent,  and  has 
been  used  in  diarrhoea. 

ARC,  Arch,  Arcvs.  Any  part  cf  the  body  re- 
sembling an  arch  in  form  ;  as  the  Arch  of  the 
colon,  (F.)  Arc  du  colon, — the  transverse  portion 
of  that  intestine  : — Arch  of  the  Aorta,  Arcus  aor'- 
tcB.  (F.)  Crosse  de  I'Aorte,  &c.,  the  turn  which  the 
aorta  takes  in  the  thorax. 

ARCA  ARCANORUM,  Hydrargyrum— a.  Cor- 
dis, Pericardium. 

ARCADE  ANASTOMOTIQUE,  Arch,  anas- 
tomotic— a.  Crurale,  Crural  arch — a.  Inguinale, 
Crural  arch — a.  Orbitaire,  Orbitar  arch — a.  Pu- 
biennc,  Pubic  arch — a.  Zygoniatique,  Zygomatic 
arch. 

ARCADES  DENTAIRES,  Dental  arches- 
a.  Palmaires,  Palmar  arches. 

ARCADI-  TEMP  OR  0-31 A  XILLAIRE, 
Temporalis. 

ARC^'US  or  ARCGE'US,  BALSAM  OF,  (F.) 
Baume  d'Arccrus.  A  kind  of  soft  ointment  used 
in  sores,  contusions,  &c.  It  is  made  by  melting 
two  parts  of  mutton  suet,  one  part  of  hog's  lartf': 
turpentine  and  rosin,  each  one  part  and  a  half: 
straining  and  agitating  till  cold. 

AR  CAN  SON,  Colophonia, 

ARCA'NUM,  from  a;-ca,  'a  chest.'  A  secret, 
a  vostrum,  a  quack  or  empir'ical  mcd'icine,  (F.) 
Arcane.  A  remedy  whose  composition  is  kept 
secret ;  but  which  is  reputed  to  possess  great 
efiicaey. 

Arcanum  Corat.lixum,  Hydrargyri  nitrico- 
oxydum  —  a.  Duplicatum,  Potassaj  sulphas  —  a. 
Tartari,  Potassa;  acctas. 

ARCEAU,  Arculus,  Cradle. 

ARCEUTHOS,  Juniperns  communis 


ARCH 


ARCULUS 


ARCH,  ANASTOMOT'IC,  (F.)  Arcade  Anasto- 
motique,  is  the  union  of  two  vessels,  wliieh  anas- 
tamose  by  describing  a  curved  line.  The  vessels 
of  the  mesentery  anastomose  in  this  manner. 

Arch  of  the  Aorta,  see  Aorta — a.  Crural,  see 
Crural  arch  —  a.  Femoral,  see  Crural  arch  —  a. 
Gluteal,  see  Gluteal  aponeurosis — a,  Htemal,  see 
Ha?mal  arch — a.  Inguinal,  see  Crural  arch — a.  Or- 
bital, see  Orbitar  arch — a.  of  the  Palate,  see  Palate 
bone — a.  of  the  Pubis,  see  Pubic  arch — a.  Subpu- 
bic, see  Subpubic  arch — a.  Superciliary,  see  Super- 
ciliary arches — a.  Zygomatic,  see  Zygomatic  arch. 

Arches  of  the  Palate.  These  are  two  in 
number  on  each  side  of  the  throat,  one  of  which 
is  termed  anterior,  the  other posfen'or. 

The  anterior  arch  arises  from  the  middle  of 
the  velum  palati,  at  the  side  of  the  uvula,  and  is 
fixed  to  the  edge  of  the  base  of  the  tongue. 

The  posterior  arch  has  its  origin,  likewise,  from 
the  side  of  the  uvula,  and  passes  downwards  to 
be  inserted  into  the  side  of  the  pharj-nx.  The 
anterior  arch  contains  the  circumflexus  palati, 
and  forms  the  isthmus  faucium.  The  posterior 
arch  has,  within  it,  the  levator  palati,  and  be- 
tween the  arches  are  the  tonsils. 

ARCHjE'US,  ArcJie'vs,  from  apxi}  'commence- 
ment,' (F.)  Arehee.  A  word  invented  by  Basil 
Valentine,  and  afterwards  adopted  by  Paracelsus 
and  Van  Helmont.  The  latter  used  it  for  the 
internal  principle  of  our  motions  and  actions. 
This  archjeus,  according  to  Van  Helmont,  is  an 
immaterial  principle,  existing  in  the  seed  prior 
to  fecundation,  and  presiding  over  the  develop- 
ment of  the  body,  and  over  all  organic  pheno- 
mena. Besides  this  chief  archasus,  whose  seat 
Van  Helmont  placed  in  the  upper  orifice  of  the 
stomach,  he  admitted  several  of  a  subordinate 
character,  which  had  to  execute  its  orders ;  one, 
for  instance,  in  each  organ,  to  preside  over  its 
functions  ;  each  of  them  being  subject  to  anger, 
caprice,  terror,  and  everv  human  failing. 

ARCHANGEL,  NEW,' MINERAL  SPRINGS. 
About  twenty  miles  to  the  north  of  New  Arch- 
angel, Sitka  Island,  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of  North 
America,  are  some  therrnal  sulphureous  waters, 
the  temperature  of  one  of  which  is  upwards  of 
153°  of  Fahr.  They  are  much  celebrated. — Sir 
Geo.  Simpson. 

ARCHANGELICA.  Lamium  album. 

Archaxgelica  Officinalis,  Angelica. 

ARCHE,  apxi>  -^"  it"ium,  Prineip'ium,  Prvmor'- 
divm,  Ori'cjo,  Inva'sio.  The  first  attack  of  a  dis- 
eas3. 

ARCHEj[;PTOMA,  Proctocele. 

ARCHE E,  ArchEBus. 

ARCHELL,  CANARY,  Lichen  roceella. 

ARCHELOG"IA,  from  cp;^?;,  'beginning,' and 
Xoyof,  '  a  discourse.'  A  treatise  on  fundamental 
principles  : — of  medicine,  for  example. 

ARCIIEN'DA.  A  powder  of  the  leaves  of  the 
liyustrum,  used  by  the  Egyptians  after  bathing, 
to  obviate  the  unpleasant  odour  of  the  feet. — 
Prosper  Alpinus. 

ABCHIA'TER,  Arclia'trus,  Protomed'icus, 
Protia'tros,  from  a^X^'  '  authority,'  and  larpo;, 
'  physician.'  The  original  signification  of  this 
word  is  a  matter  of  dispute.  Some  consider,  with 
filereurialis,  that  it  meant  physician  to  a  prince, 
king,  emperor,  <fcc. :  others,  with  C.  Hoffman,  ap- 
ply it  to  every  physician  who,  by  his  situation, 
I?  raised  above  his  colleagues.  The  former  opi- 
nion seems  to  have  prevailed, — ArcJiiatre  des 
Rriis  de  France  being  applied  to  the  chief  physi- 
cian to  the  kings  of  France. 

ARCHIG"ENI  MOREL  Acute  diseases;  be- 
cause they  hold  the  first  rank:  from  ap^n,  'be- 
gianing,'  and  yivouat,  '1  am.' 

ARCHIMAGIA,  Chymistry. 
7 


ARCHINGEAY,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Archingeay  is  situate  in  France,  three  leagues 
from  St.  Jean  d'Angely.  The  waters  are  prized 
in  all  diseases.  They  seem  to  contain  carbonate 
of  lime,  a  little  chloride  of  sodium,  carbonate  of 
iron,  and  some  bitumen. 

ARCHITECTURA  APOPLECTICA,  Apo- 
plectic make. 

ARCHITIS,  Proctitis,  Rectitis. 

ARCHOCELE,  Proctocele. 

ARCHOPTOMA,  Proctocele. 

ARCHOPTOSIS,  Proctocele. 

ARCHORRHA'GIA,  from  apxos,  'tie  anus,' 
and  pew,  'I  flow.'  Archorrhce'a.  Hemorrhage 
from  the  anus. 

ARCHORRHCEA,  Archorrhagia. 

ARCHOS,  Arcus,  Rectum. 

ARCHOSTEGNOMA,  Stricture  of  the  Rectum. 

ARCHOSTEGNOSIS,  Stricture  of  the  Rectum. 

ARCHOSTENOSIS,  Stricture  of  the  Rectum. 

ARCHOSTRINX,  Fistula  in  ano. 

AR'CIFORM,  Areifor'mis,  from  arx,  arcis, 
'a  top  or  ridge,'  a.nd  forma,  'shape.'  An  epi- 
thet given  to  certain  fibres,  Fihra  arciform'es, 
of  the  anterior  pyramids  of  the  medulla  oblon- 
gata, which  take  a  curved  course  around  the  in- 
ferior extremity  of  each  corpus  olivare  and  ascend 
towards  the  cerebellum. 

ARCTA'TIO,  Arctitu'do,  from  arcto,  '  I  make 
narrow  ;'  Angusta' tio,  Ooarcta'tio.  Contracticn, 
(F.)  Retrecissement,  of  a  natural  opening  or  of  s 
canal,  and  especially  of  the  vulva,  of  the  orifice 
of  the  uterus,  or  of  the  intestinal  canal.  Consti- 
pation, (see  Stegnosis.)  Reunion  by  suture  or 
infibulation.  —  Scribonius  Largus,  Paul  Zao- 
chias,  &c. 

ARC'TITUDO,  Arctatio. 

ARCTIUM,  A.  lappa — a.  Bardana,  A.  lappa. 

Arctium  Lappa.  The  root  and  seed  of  the 
Clit'hur,  Barda'na,  Arctium,  A.  harda'na  se-l 
majiis  seu  minus  seu  tomento'sum,  I'lapMs,  Lap- 
pa glabra.  Lappa  major,  L.  persona' ta,  Persola'- 
ta,  Persolla'ta,  Persolu'ta,  Burdock,  (F.)  Bar^ 
done,  Glouteron.  Nat.  Ord.  Compositse.  Ser. 
Si/st.  Syngenesia  tequalis.  Root  diuretic :  seed 
cathartic.  It  has  been  used  in  decoction  in  dis- 
eases of  the  skin  and  in  syphUis. 

Arctium  Majus,  A.  lappa — a.  Minus,  A.  lappa 
— a.  Tomentosum,  A.  lappa. 

ARC'TOPUS  ECHINA'TUS.  A  South  Afri- 
can plant,  Nat.  Ord.  Umbelliferffi,  which  is  de- 
mulcent and  diuretic,  somewhat  approaching  sar- 
saparilla.  The  decoction  of  the  root  is  employed 
in  sj'philis,  lepra,  and  chronic  cutaneous  aff'ections- 
of  all  kinds. 

ARCTOSTAPHYLOS  UVA  URSI,  Arbutus 
uva  ursi, 

ARCTU'RA,  from  arcto,  '  I  straighten.'  The 
efi'ects  of  a  nail  grown  into  the  flesh,  Arctu'ra 
unguis. — See  Onychogryphosis. 

Arctura  Ungctium.  The  growing  in  or  inver- 
sion of  the  nails.     See  Onychogryphosis. 

ARCUA'TIO,  Coneava'tio.  An  anterior  gib- 
bosity or  projection  of  the  sternum. 

ARCUEIL,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Ar- 
cueil  is  about  one  league  south  of  Paris.  The 
water  contains  carbonic  acid,  carbonate  of  lime, 
sulphate  of  lime,  chloride  of  sodium,  and  some 
deliquescent  salts. 

A  celebrated  society  held  its  meetings  at  this 
village,  of  which  BerthoUet,  Humboldt^  La  Place, 
&c.,  were  members. 

ARCULA  CORDIS,  Pericardium. 

ARCTJLiE.  The  Orbitar  FossEe :  irosXtSei.-^ 
Rufus  of  Ephesus. 

ARCULUS,  diminutive  oi  arcus,  'an  arch.'  A 
i  small  ai-ch;    a  cradle,  (F.)  Arceau,  Archet.     A 


AECUS  MEDULLARIS 


AREOMETER 


eemi.;ireular  box  or  basket  used  for  preventing 
the  bed-clotlies  from  coming  in  contact  with  in- 
jured or  diseased  parts.  An  ordinance  of  the 
Grand  Duke  of  Tuscany  forbade  mothers  to  sleep 
with  an  infant  near  them,  unless  it  was  put  under 
a  solid  cradle. 

AK,CUS  MEDULLARIS,  Fornix— a.  Senilis, 
Gerotoxon  —  a.  Subpubicus,  Subpubic  arch  —  a. 
Supereiliaris,  Superciliary  arches  —  a.  Unguium, 
see  Nail — a.  Zygomaticus,  Zygomatic  arch. 

ARDALOS,  Excrement. 

ARDAS,  Excrement. 

ARDENT,  Ardens,  from  ardere,  'to  burn.' 

Ardent  Eever,  (F.)  Fievre  ardente.  The 
Oausus,  Synocha,  or  inflammatory  fever. 

Ardent  or  Inflamed  Eyes,  (F.)  Yeux  ardens. 
The  eyes  are  so  called  when  injected  red. 

Ardent  Urine,  (F.)  Urine  ardente.  Urine  of 
a  deep  red. 

ARDESIA  HIBERNICA,  Hibernicus  lapis. 

ARDEUR,  Ardor  —  o.  du  Gceur,  Cardialgia — 
a.  d'Estomac,  Ardor  ventriculi,  Pyrosis  —  a.  de 
la  Fievre,  Ardor  Febrilis  —  o.  d' Urine,  Ardor 
UrLnse. 

AR'DOR,  (F.)  Ardeur.  Heat.  A  feeling  of 
burning,  of  violent  heat;  JEstus,  ^stua'tio,  Cau- 
ao'ma. 

Ardor  Febri'lis,  (F.)  Ardeur  de  la  Fi&vre. 
The  hot  period  of  fever. 

Ardor  Stomachi,  Pyrosis. 

Ardor  Uri'n^,  (F.)  Ardeur  d'Urine.  A  scald- 
ing sensation  occasioned  by  the  urine  in  passing 
over  the  inflamed  mucous  membrane  of  the  ure- 
thra, or  over  the  neck  of  the  bladder. 

Ardor  Venereus,  Heat. 

ARBORYBiiTRic'vhi,  EbuUit"io  Sfom'acJii,  (F.) 
Ardeur  d'Estomac.  Heartburn.  See  Cardialgia 
and  Pyrosis. 

A'REx\,  'a  void  place,'  'an  open  surface.'  A 
Latin  word  used  by  some  authors  to  designate  a 
variety  of  Alopecia,  in  which  the  hair  changes 
colour,  but  does  not  fall  ofi'j  also,  Porrigo  de- 
calvans. 

Area  Germinativa,  TacJie  emhryonnaire. 

Area  Pelltj'cida.  An  elliptical  depression  in 
the  ovum,  filled  with  a  pellucid  fluid,  in  the  cen- 
tre of  which  is  the  germ. 

Area  Vascolo'sa,  see  Cireulus  vcnosus. 

ARE'CA.  The  fruit — Are'ca  nut,  Betel  nut — of 
Are'ca  Cat'echn,  A.  Faufel,  Caun'ga;  Nat.  Ord. 
Palmse  ;  Sex.  Syst.  Monoecia  Monadelphia;  (F.) 
Arec,  is  astringent  and  tonic,  and  enters  into  the 
composition  of  the  Betel,  the  great  masticatory 
of  the  Orientals. 

Areca  Catbchd,  «ee  Areca. 

Arbca  Faufel,  see  Areca. 

AREFAC'TION,  Arefac'tio,  Xeran'sis,  ^vpavai;, 
irom  arefaoere,  '  to  make  dry,'  {arere,  '  to  dry,' 
and /acere,  'to  make.')  The  process  of  drying 
•substances,  prior  to  pulverization. 

ARENA,  see  Gravel. 
ARENAMEN,  Bole  Armenian. 
ARENA'TIO,   C'hosis,  Sand   or   Earth  Bath; 
from  arena,  '  sand ;'  Sahnrra'tio.     The  applica- 
tion of  hot  sand  to  the  body.    Pedilioiia  of  sand 
were  formerly  used  in  Ascites 

ARENO'SA  URI'NA,  Snudy  Urine.  Urine 
when  it  deposits  a  sandy  sediment. 

ARENO'SUS,  Sabulous.  Also,  one  who  passes 
fiindy  urine. 

ARENULA,  see  Gravel. 

ARE'OLA.  A  diminutive  of  Area,  (F.)  Aire. 
Anatomists  understand  by  Arcol(E,  the  inter- 
stices between  the  fibres  composing  organs ;  or 
those  existing  between  laminie,  or  between  ves- 
■Bcls  which  interlace  with  each  other. 

Areola  is,  also,  applied  to  the  coloured  circle 
Ualo,  Haha,  which  surrounds  the  nipple,  Are'- 


ola  papilla'ris,  and  which  becomes  much  darker 
during  pregnancy ;  as  well  as  to  the  circle  sur- 
rounding certain  vesicles,  pustules,  kc,  as  the 
pustules  of  the  small-pox,  the  vaccine  vesicle, 
&c.  Chaussier,  in  such  eases,  recommends  the 
word  Aure'ola,  (F.)  Aureole. 

Areola  Papillaris,  see  Areola. 

Areola,  Tubercles  op  the,  see  Mamma. 

APlE'OLAR,  Areola'ris.  Appertaining  to  an 
areola. 

Areolar  Exhalations  are  those  recremen- 
titial  secretions,  which  are  efi"ected  within  the 
organs  of  sense,  or  in  parenchymatous  struc- 
tures,— as  the  aqueous,  crystalline  and  vitreous 
humours,  &c. 

Areolar  Tissue,  Cellular  Tissue. 

AREOM'ETER,  Armoni'eter,  Gravim'eter,  Al- 
coolom'eter,  Aerostat'ic  Balance,  from  apaios, 
'light,'  and  fitrgnv,  'measure:'  i  e.  ' measure  of 
lightness.'  An  instrument,  so  called,  because 
first  employed  to  take  the  specific  gravity  of 
fluids  lighter  than  water.  The  Areometer  of  Bau- 
me,  which  is  the  most  used  in  Pharmacy,  particu- 
larly in  France,  consists  of  a  tube  of  glass,  largely 
expanded  towards  its  inferior  extremity,  and  ter- 
minating, below,  by  a  small  ball,  containing  mer- 
cury or  lead,  which  serves  it  as  a  balance,  so  that 
it  may  remain  upright  in  the  fluid.  This  tube  is 
furnished  with  a  graduated  scale.  If  the  fluid 
into  which  the  Areometer  is  plunged  be  heavier 
than  water,  the  instrument  rises :  if  lighter,  it 
sinks.  There  are  various  Areometers,  as  those 
of  the  Dutch,  of  Fahrenheit,  Nicholson,  &c.  The 
Areometer  is  also  called  Hydrom'eter,  (F.)  Are- 
ometre,  Pese-liqiieur. 

There  are  some  hydrometers  which  have  a  gene- 
ral application  for  determining  the  specific  gra 
vities  of  liquids, — as  Fahrenheit's,  Nicholson's, 
Guyton  de  Morveau's,  and  the  common  glass  hy 
drometers,  including  Baume's,  Cartier's,  Twad- 
dle's, Zanetti's,  and  the  specific  gravity  beads ; 
others  intended  for  special  application, — aa  for 
estimating  the  comparative  strength  of  spirits : 
the  comparative  densities  of  syrups,  oils,  &c., — 
as  Guy  Lussae's,  Sikes's  and  Dicat's  hydrometers, 
and  the  saccharometer,  urinometer,  and  elaeometer. 

SCALE    op    baume's    AREOMETER    WITH    CORBB- 
SPONDING    SPECIFIC    GRAVITIES. 

1.  Ascending  Scale  for  light  liquids. 


Scale  of 

Specific 

BaumS. 

Gravities 

700 

66 

715 

bO 

7-12 

50 

782 

48 

792 

42 

819  ) 

40 

827  S 

30 

847 

33 

803 

32 

8ii8 

30 

878 

26 


hi 
20 
18 
]3 
12 

n 

10 


Substances. 


P06  , 
915  I 


M. 
923 


935  > 
948  S 
iifO 
9Ho 
993 
1(100 


Pure  hydrocyanic  acid. —  Oay  Lus- 

sac. 
Very  pure  sulphuric  elher. 
The  same  concentrated. 

Equal  parts  of  alcohol  and  ether. 
Very  pure  alcoliol  for  phamaceuti- 

cal  purposes. 
Pure  alcoliol.    Naphtha. 
Alcohol  o(  commerce. 
Essential  oil  of  turpentine. 

Hydrocyanic  acid  of  Scheele  and 
pure  hydrocyanic  acid,  mixed 
with  an  equal  portion  of  water 
(Rotiiquel.) 

Acetic  ether. 

Nitric  ether. 
Muriatic  ether, 
l^iiuiil  auinionia. 
Olive  oil. 

Brandy. 

Burgundy  wine. 

Bordeaux  wine. 
Di^stillcd  water. 


ARES 


99 


ARGENTUM 


2.  Descending  Scale  for  heavy  Uquidt. 


Scale  of 
Baume. 


Specific 
Gravities. 


10 
12 

20 
21 
25 
30 

35 

40 
41 
45 
Id. 
50 

eo 

66 
70 


1000 
1007  ( 
lOOD  i 
1014 

1032 

1075  ) 
lOUI  ) 
1161 
1180  ) 
I'iJO  j 
12131 

1321  j 

1384 
1398 
1454 
Id 
1532 
1714 
1847 
1946 


84) 
;98  \ 
54^ 


Substances. 


Common  distilled  water. 
Distilled  vinegar. 
Common  vinegar. 
Cow's  milk. 

Concentrated  acetic  acid. 

Liquid  hydrochloric  acid. 

Boiling  syrup. 
Cold  syrup. 
Common  nitric  acid. 

Concentrated  nitric  acid. 

Phosphoric  acid  for  medical  use. 


Very  concentrated  sulphuric  acid. 
Very  concentrated  phosphoric  acid. 


ARES.  A  term  invented  by  Paracelsus  to  de- 
signate the  principle  on  which,  depends  the  form 
of  mercury,  sulphur,  and  salt.  These  the  alchy- 
mists  regarded  as  the  three  bodies  that  give  birth 
to  every  other. 

AR'ETE,  a^trri,  'virtue.'  Mental  or  corporeal 
vigour. — Hippocrates. 

AE,ETHU'SA,^.6u^6o'so/ indigenous.  Order, 
Orchidacea3.  The  bruised  bulbs  are  used  in 
toothaeh ;  and  as  cataplasms  to  tumours. 

A'REUS.  A  pessary  mentioned  by  Paulus  of 
iBgina. 

ARGEL,  Cynanchum  olesefolium. 

AR'GEMA,  Ar'gemon,  Ar'gemus,  from  apyog, 
'white.'  Fos'sula,  (F.)  Encavare.  A  white  spot 
or  ulceration  of  the  eye.— Hippocrates.  See  Leu- 
coma. 

ARGEM'ONE,  MEXICA'NA,  TJiorn  Poppy, 
Prickly  Peppy,  Yellow  Thistle.  A  native  of 
Mexico,  but  naturalized  in  most  parts  of  the 
world.  Nat.  Ord.  PapaveraeeaB.  Sex.  Syst.  Po- 
lyandria  Monogynia.  The  juice  resembles  gam- 
boge, and  has  been  used  as  a  hydragogue.  The 
seeds  are  employed  in  the  West  Indies  as  a  sub- 
stitute for  ipecacuanha.     They  are  also  used  as 

ARGENSON",  MINERAL  WATERS  OP.  A 
chalybeate  situate  at  Argenson  in  Dauphiny : 
used  in  cases  of  obstruction,  jaundice,  &o. 

ARGENT,  Argentum — a.  Chlorure  d',  see  Ar- 
gentum  —  a.  Cyanure  d',  see  Argentum  —  a.  et 
d'Ammoniaque,  chlorure  d',  see  Argentum  —  a. 
lodure  d',  see  Argentum  —  a.  Oxide  d',  see  Ar- 
gentum. 

ARGENTERTA,  Potentilla  anserina. 

ARGENTI  CHLORIDUM,  see  Argentum— a. 
et  Ammonias  chloridum,  see  Argentum  —  a.  et 
Ammonige  chloruretum,  see  Argentum — a.  Cya- 
uidum,  see  Argentum  —  a.  Cyanuretum,  see  Ar- 
gentum— a.  lodidum,  see  Argentum — a.  lodurc- 
tum,  see  Argentum. 

Argen'ti  Nitras,  Argen'tum  Nitra'tum,  Sal 
argen'ti,  Argentum  Nit'rieum,  (P.)  Nitrate  d' Ar- 
gent, Azotate  d' Argent,  Nitrate  of  Silver.  This 
preparation  is  sometimes  kept  in  crystals,  the 
Nitras  Argen'ti  in  crystal'los  conere'tus.  Nitrate 
d' Argent  crystallise  of  the  Codex  of  Paris,  Luna 
potah'ilia,  Crystnlli  LuncB,  Argen'tum  nit'ricnm 
crystallisa'tnm,  N^itras  argenti  cri^stal'lintis,  Ni- 
trum  luna're,  Hydrago'gmn  Boy'lei.  Generally, 
however,  it  is  in  the  fused  state :  and  it  is  this 
which  is  admitted  into  most  Pharmacopoeias,  and 
■which,  besides  the  name  Nitras  Argenti,  is  called 
Ni'tras  argen'ti  fusus,  Gaua'ticum  luna're,  Lapis 


inferna'lis,  Argen'tum  nit'rieum  fusum,  and  lunar 
caustic,  (E.)  Nitrate  d'argent  fondu,  Pierre  in- 
female. 

In  the  Pharmacopoeia  of  the  United  States,  it 
is  directed  to  be  prepared  as  follows:  —  Take  of 
silver,  in  small  pieces,  3J. ;  nitric  acid,  f.^vij., 
distilled  leater,  f^ij.  Mis  the  acid  with  the 
water,  and  dissolve  the  silver  in  the  mixture  in 
a  sand  bath  ,•  then  crystallize,  or  gradually  in- 
crease the  heat,  so  that  the  resulting  salt  may  be 
dried.  Melt  this  in  a  crucible  over  a  gentle  fire, 
and  continue  the  heat  until  ebullition  ceases ; 
then  immediately  pour  it  into  suitable  moulds. 

The  virtues  of  nitrate  of  silver  are  tonic,  and 
escharotic.  It  is  given  in  chorea,  epilepsy,  &c. ; 
locally,  it  is  used  in  various  cases  as  an  escharotic. 
Dose,  gr.  1-8  to  gr.  1-4  in  pill,  three  times  a  day. 

When  silver  is  combined  with  iodine,  it  is  said 
to  have  the  same  effect  as  the  nitrate,  and  not  Ut 
produce  the  slate  colour  of  the  surface,  which  is 
apt  to  follow  the  protracted  use  of  the  latter. 

Argenti  Oxidum,  see  Argentum. 

ARGENTILLA  VULGARIS,  Potentilla  an- 
serina. 

AR'GENTINE,  Argento'sus,  same  etymon  as 
the  next.  Pertaining  to  silver;  as  an  'argentine 
solution,'  or  solution  of  a  salt  of  silver. 

Argentine,  Potentilla  anserina. 

ARGEN'TUM,  Ar' gyrus,  from  apyog,  'white.' 
Silver,  Luna,  Dia'na,  (F.)  Argent.  A  solid  metiil 
of  a  shining  white  appearance ;  insipid ;  inodor- 
ous ;  highly  sonorous ;  malleable  and  ductile ; 
somewhat  hard ;  crystallizable  in  triangular  py- 
ramids ;  fusible  a  little  above  a  red  heat,  and 
volatizable ;  s.  g.  10.4.  Not  used  in  medicine, 
unless  in  some  places  for  silvering  pills.  Silver 
Leaf,  Argen'tum  folia' tuni,  is  the  state  in  which 
it  is  used  for  this  purpose. 

Argentum  Divi'suji,  metallic  silver,  in  very 
fine  powder,  has  been  recommended  internally  in 
syphilis. 

The  Chloride  [Argen'ti  chlo'ridum,  Argen'- 
tum muriat'icum,  A.  chlora'tum,  A.  sali'tum. 
Chlorure'tum  Argen'ti,  Chlor'uret  or  Mu'riate  of 
Silver,  (F.)  Chlorure  d' Argent;)  the  Cyanuret; 
the  Iodide  (Argen'ti  lo'didum,  Argen'tum  Ioda'~ 
turn,  lodure' tum  Argen'ti,  lod'uret  of  Silver,  (F.) 
lodure  d' Argent ;)  the  Oxide  [Argen'ti  ox'idum, 
Argen'tum  oxyda'tum,  (F.)  Oxide  d' Argent,  and 
the  Chloride  of  Ammonia  and  Silver  [Argen'ti 
et  Ammo' nias  chlo'ridum,  Argen'tum.  muriat'icum 
ammonia'tum,  Chlorure'tum  Argen'ti  et  Ammo'- 
nim,  Chlo'ruret  of  Silver  and  Ammonia,  Ammo- 
nio-chloride  of  Silver,  (F.)  Chlorure  d' Argent  et 
d'Ammoniaque,  have  been  used  in  syphilis.  At 
first,  these  different  preparations  were  adminis- 
tered iatraleptically  on  the  gums ;  the  chloride, 
the  cyanide  and  the  iodide  in  the  dose  of  l-12tli 
of  a  grain ;  the  chloride  of  silver  and  ammonia 
in  the  dose  of  l-14th  of  a  grain,  and  the  oxide  of 
silver  and  divided  silver  in  the  dose  of  l-8th  and 
l-4th  of  a  grain.  M.  Serre,  of  Montpellier,  who 
made  many  trials  with  them,  soon  found  that 
these  doses  were  too  small ;  he  therefore  raised 
that  of  the'chloride  to  1-lOth,  and  of  the  iodide 
to  l-8th  of  a  grain,  without  any  inconvenience 
resulting.  The  dose  of  the  other  preparations  was 
likewise  increased  in  a  similar  ratio.  M.  Serrn 
extols  the  preparations  of  silver — used  internally 
as  well  as  iatraleptically — as  antisyphilitics,  but 
they  are  not  to  be  depended  upon. 

The  Cyanuret  or  Cyanide  of  Silver,  Argen'tt 
Oyo.nure'tum,  A.  Cyan'idum,  Argen'tum  cyanoge- 
na'tum,  (F.)  Cyanure  d'argent,  is  thus  directed 
to  be  prepared  in  the  Ph.  U.  S.  C1842.)  Argent. 
Nit.  ,5xv.  Acid  Hydrocyan.,  Aq.  destillat.  aa  Oj. 
Having  dissolved  the  nitrate  of  silver  in  tho 
water,  add  the  hydrocyanic  acid,  and  n,ix  tifm. 


ARGIL 


100 


ARLES 


Wash  the  precipitate  with  distQled  water  and  dry 
it.  In  the  last  edition  of  the  Pharmacopoeia, 
(1851,)  it  is  directed  to  be  prepared  as  follows: — 
Nitrate  of  Silver,  dissolved  in  distilled  water,  is 
put  into  a  tubulated  glass  receiver;  Ferocyanuret 
of  Potassium,  dissolved  in  distilled  water,  is  put 
into  a  tubulated  retort,  previously  adapted  to  the 
receiver.  Dilute  Snljihuric  Acid  is  added  to  the 
solution  in  the  retort ;  and,  by  means  of  a  sand- 
bath  and  a  moderate  heat,  distillation  is  carried 
on  until  the  liquid  that  passes  over  no  longer 
produces  a  precipitate  in  the  receiver.  The  pre- 
cipitate is  then  washed  with  distilled  water,  and 
dried. 

The  Oxide  of  Silver,  Argen'ti  Ox'idum,  has 
been  introduced  into  the  last  edition  of  the  Ph. 
r.  S.  (1851.)  It  is  made  by  precipitating  a  solu- 
tion of  the  Nitrate  of  Silver  by  solution  of  Po- 
tassa,  drying  the  precipitate. 

Argentum  Chloratum,  see  Argentum  —  a. 
Cyanogenatum,  see  Argentum  —  a.  Fugitivum, 
Hydrargyrum  —  a.  Fusum,  Hydrargyrum  —  a. 
lodatum,  see  Argentum — a.  Liquidum,  Hydrar- 
gyrum—  a.  Mobile,  Hydrargyrum — a.  Muriati- 
cum,  see  Ai-gentum — a.  Muriaticum  Ammonia- 
turn,  see  Argentum — a.  Oxydatum,  see  Argentum 
— a.  Salitum,  see  Argentum — a.  Vivum,  Hydrar- 
gvrum. 
"argil,  pure,  Argilla  pura. 

APMILE  OGHREUSE  PALE,  Bolus  Alba. 

ARGILLA  BOLUS  FLAVA,  TeiTa  Lemnia— 
a.  Bolus  rubra,  Bole  Armenian — a.  Ferruginea 
rubra,  Bole  Armenian — a.  Kalisulphurica,  Alu- 
raen — a.  Palida,,  Bolus  alba. 

Abgilla  Puea,  Terra  Alu'minis,  T.  hola'ris, 
geu  arrjilla'cea  pura,  Alu'mina  depura'ta,  pure 
Argil  or  Alumina,  (F.)  Alumine  factice.  This  sub- 
stance, which  is  prepared  by  drying  alum  and 
exposing  it,  for  twenty  or  twenty-five  minutes,  to 
a  red  heat,  untU  the  sulphuric  acid  is  driven  off, 
has  been  recommended  in  indigestion  as  antacid, 
as  well  as  in  vomiting  and  diarrhoea  accompanied 
with  acidity.  The  dose  to  a  very  young  child  is 
from  ^ss  to  Jj  ;  to  older  children  from  3J  to  ^ij. 

Aegilla  Sulphurica  Alcalisata,  Alumen 
—  a.  Sulphurica  usta,  Alumen  exsiccatum  —  a. 
iSupersulphas  alealisatum,  Alumen — a.  Vitriolata, 
Alumen. 

ARGILLA  ACETAS,  Aluminse  acetas  —  a. 
Sulphas,  Aluminas  sulphas. 

ARGOL,  RED,  Potassae  supertartras  impurus 
---a.  "White,  Potassse  supertartras  impurus. 

ARGUMENTUM  INTEGRITATIS,  Hymen. 

ARGT'RIA,  from  agyvpoi,  '  silver.'  The  dis- 
coloration of  the  skin  occasioned  by  the  internal 
use  of  nitrate  of  sUver. 

ARGTROCH^TA,  Matricaria. 

ARGYROPH'ORA,  from  agy^pog,  'silver,'  and 
0£pu,  '  I  bear.'  A  name  given,  by  Myrepsus,  to 
an  antidote  which  he  regarded  as  extremely  pre- 
rious. 

ARGYROTROPHEMA,  Blancmanger. 

ARGYRUS,  Argentum. 

ARHEUMAT'IC,  Arheumat'icus,  from  a,  pri- 
vative, and  ptviia,  'fluxion  or  rheumatism.'  One 
without  fluxion  or  rheumatism. 

ARIA,  Crataegus  aria. 

A-RICt'NA,  Cus'conin,  Cusco-Cineho'nia,  so 
called  from  Arica  in  South  America,  the  place 
where  it  is  shipped.  An  alkali  found  in  Cnsco 
Hark,  which  is  very  similar  in  many  of  its  pro- 
perties to  Cinchonia.  Cusco  was  the  ancient 
residence  of  the  Incas. 

ARIC'YMON,  from  api,  an  intensive  particle, 
end  Kvuv,  'to  conceive.'  A  name  given  to  a 
female  who  conceives  readily. — Hippocrates. 

ARIPE'NA.     A  Latin  word  employed  to  de- 


signate the  leanness  of  any  part.  —  Ettmuller, 

Sauvages. 

ARID'ITY,  Arid'itas.  (F.)  Aridity,  from  arere, 
'to  dry.'  The  French  use  the  word  Aridite  to 
express  the  dryness  of  any  organ,  and  particu- 
larly of  the  skin  and  tongue,  when  such  dryness 
is  so  great  as  to  render  the  organ  rough  to  the 
touch.  Aridite  also  means  the  lanuginous  ap- 
pearance of  the  hair  in  some  diseases  in  which 
they  seem  covered  with  dust. 

ARIDU'RA.  Wasting  or  emaciation  of  the 
whole  or  of  any  part  of  the  body;  Marasmus, 
Atrophy. 

ARIDT7RA  Cordis,  Heart,  atrophy  of  the  —  a. 
Hepads,  Hepatrophia. 

ARIKA,  see  Spirit. 

ARISTALTH^A,  Althsea. 

ARISTOLOCHI'A,  from  apicro?,  'very  good,' 
and  \oxcia,  'parturition;'  so  called,  because  the 
different  varieties  were  supposed  to  aid  parturi- 
tion. Birthicort,  (F.)  Aristoloche.  Several  va- 
rieties were  once  in  use. 

Aristolochia  Cava,  Fumaria  bulbosa. 

Aristolochi'a  Clemati'tis,  Aristolochi' a  Yid- 
ga'ris  seu  Ore'tica,  Adra  Riza,  Aristolochi' a  ten'- 
uis,  (F.)  Aristoloche  ordinaire.  Upright  Birth- 
wort.  The  root  has  been  considered  stimulant 
and  emmenagogue,  and  as  such  has  been  used  in 
amenorrhoea,  chlorosis,  and  cachexia. 

Aristolochia  Cretica,  A.  Clematitis — a.  Fa- 
bacea,  Fumaria  bulbosa. 

Aristolochi'a  Longa,  and  A.  Rotttn'da,  (F.) 
Aristoloche  longue  et  ronde.  Long  and  Round 
Birthwort.     Virtues  the  same  as  the  preceding. 

Aristolochi'a  Pistolochi'a,  PistolocM' a  Aris- 
tolochi'a, Polyrrhi'za.  This  variety  has  an  aro- 
matic odour,  and  an  acrid  and  bitter  taste.  (F.) 
Aristoloche  crenelee. 

Aristolochi'a  Seepekta 'ria,  Serpenta'ria, 
Vipera'ria,  Viperi'na  Virginia'na,  Oohibri'na 
Virginia'na,  Oontrayer'va  Virginia'na,  S.  Vir- 
ginia'na, (F).  Serpentaire  et  Aristoloche  serpen- 
taire  de  Virginie,  Qoluvrine  de  Virginie,  Vir- 
ginia Snakeroot,  Snaheroot  Birthwort,  Snake- 
weed, Snagrel.  Virtues — tonic,  stimulant;  and, 
as  such,  employed  in  debility,  intermittents,  &e. 

Aristolochia  Tenuis,  A.  Clematitis  —  a.  Tri- 
fida,  A.  TrUobata. 

Aristolochi'a  Teiloba'ta,  A.  trif'ida,  (F.) 
Aristoloche  trilohee.  A  plant  of  Surinam  and 
Jamaica;  possessing  the  general  virtues  of  the 
Aristolochias.  The  other  varieties  of  Aristolo- 
chia have  similar  properties. 

Aristolochi'a  Vulgaris  Rotunda,  Fumaria 
bulbosa. 

ARISTOLOCH'IC,  Aristoloch'iem.  Same  ety- 
mology. An  old  term  for  remedies  supposed  to 
have  the  property  of  promoting  the  flow  of  the 
lochia. — Hippocrates,  Theophrastus,  Dioscorides, 
Ac. 

ARIS'TON  MAGNUM,  and  ARISTON  PAR- 
VUM.  These  names  were  formerly  given  to 
pharmaceutical  preparations,  used  in  phthisis, 
tormina,  and  fever. — Avicenna. 

ARISTOPHANEI'ON.  A  sort  of  emollient 
plaster,  prepared  with  four  pounds  of  pitch,  two 
of  apochj'ma,  one  of  wax,  an  ounce  of  opoponax, 
and  half  a  pint  of  vinegar.  —  Gorrajus.  Not 
used. 

ARKANSAS,  MINERAL  AYATERS  OF. 
About  5  miles  from  the  Washita  river,  and  about 
a  quarter  of  a  degree  north  of  the  Louisiana  line, 
there  are  about  70  of  those  springs.  They  are 
thermal,  varying  from  138°  to  150°  Fahrenheit, 
and  are  employed  in  rheumatism,  cutaneous  af- 
fections, Ac. 

ARLADA,  Realgar. 

ARLES,   MINERAL  WATERS   OF.    Ther- 


ARM 


101 


ARROW  ROOT 


mal  snlpliureous  springs  in  the  department  of 
Pyrenees  Orientales,  France.  Their  temperature 
is  103°  to  145°  of  Fahr.,  and  they  contain  sul- 
phohydric  acid. 

APi,M,  Brachium. 

ARilA.  Penis — a.  Yentris,  Penis. 

ARMAMEXTARIUM,  Arsenal— a.  Chinirgi- 
cum.  see  Arsenal. 

ARMATORY  UXGUEXT,  Hoploehrysma. 

ARMATURA,  Amnios. 

ARME,  from  apa>,  'I  adapt.'  Any  physiolo- 
gical or  mechanical  junction  or  union  of  parts. — 
Hesychius.    A  suture,  as  of  the  cranium. — Galen. 

ARMENIACA  EPIROTICA,  Prunus  Arme- 
niaca  —  a.  Malus,  Apricot.  See  Prunus  —  a. 
Vulgaris,  Prunus  Armeniaca. 

ARMENIAX  STONE,  Melochites. 

ARMEN'ITES,  Melochites. 

ARMILL^  MANUS  MEMBRANOS^,  An- 
nular ligaments  of  the  carpus. 

ABMOISE  BLAXOHE,  Artemisia  rupestris 
— a.  Comrr.une,  Artemisia  vulgaris — a.  Estragon, 
Artemisia  dracunculus — a.  Ordinaire,  Artemisia 
vulgaris. 

ARMONIACUM,  Ammoniac,  gum. 

ARMORA'CIA.  In  the  Pharmacopoeia  of  the 
United  States,  the  fresh  root  of  Cochleaxia  ar- 
moracia, 

ARiroRACiA  RtJSTicANA,  Cochlearia  armoraeia 
— a.  Sativa,  Cochlearia  armoraeia. 

ARMOUR,  Condom. 

AR2IUEE  DES  JAMBES,  see  Comu  am- 
monis. 

ARMUS,  Humerus — a.  Summus,  Acromion. 

AR'iSriCA  MOXTA'XA.  Derivation  uneer- 
taia.  Arnica,  Leopard's  Bane,  Boron' icum  Ger- 
man'icum  seu  Oppositifo' Hum,  D.  Ar'niea,  Alis'- 
ma,  Ac"yru.s,  Biiiret'ica,  Arnica  Plauen'sis,  Pa- 
nace'a  lapso'rum,  Ptar'mica  monta'na,  Oaltha 
seu  Calen'dula  Alpi'na,  (F.)  Arnique,  Betoine 
des  Montagues,  Tahac  des  Vosges,  Tabac  ou  Be- 
toine des  Savoyards,  Doronic  d'Allemagne.  Sex. 
Syst.  Syngenesia  Polygamia  superflua.  Nat. 
Ord.  Synantherece.  The  plant  and  flower  are 
considered,  or  have  been  considered,  narcotic, 
stimulant,  emmenagogue,  &e.;  and,  as  such,  have 
been  given  in  amaurosis,  paralysis,  all  nervous 
affections,  rheumatism,  gout,  chlorosis,  &c.  Dose, 
gr.  V  to  X,  in  powder.  In  large  doses,  it  is  dele- 
terious. 

Aenica  Spttria,  Inula  dysenterica — a.  Sueden.- 
sis.  Inula  dysenterica. 

ARNOGLOSSUM,  Plantago. 

ARNOTT'S  DILATOR,  see  Dilator,  Amott's. 

ARO'MA,  Ar'tyma,  'perfume  :'  (apt,  'very,' 
and  o(r;ui7  or  oiiirj,  'odour.')  Spir'itus  Sector,  (F.) 
Arome.  The  odorous  part  of  plants.  An  ema- 
nation— frequently  imponderable,  from  bodies — 
■which  acts  on  the  organ  of  smell,  and  varies  with 
the  body  exhaling  it. 

AROMAT'IC,  Aromat'icus,  {¥.)  Aromate.  Any 
odoriferous  substance  obtained  from  the  vegetable 
kingdom  which  contains  much  volatile  oil,  or  a 
light  and  expansible  resin.  Aromaties  are  used 
in  perfumes,  in  seasoning,  and  embalming.  In 
medicine  they  are  employed  as  stimulants.  Gin- 
ger, cinnamon,  cardamoms,  mint,  &c.,  belong  to 
this  class. 

AROMATOPO'LA,  from  apoifia,  'an  odour,' 
and  tioXeo),  'I  sell.'  An  apothecary  or  druggist. 
One  who  sells  spices. 

AROX,  Arum. 

AROPH.  A  barbarous  word,  which  had  vari- 
ous significations  with  the  ancients.  Paracelsus 
employed  it  to  designate  a  lithonthriptic  remedy. 
The  mandragora,  according  to  some.  Also,  a 
mixture  of  bread,  saifron  and  wine. — Yan  Hel- 
mont. 


Aroph  Paeacelsi,  Ferrum  ammoniatum. 

ARQUEBUSABE  EAU  B',  Aq^ua  traumat'- 
ica  Thede'nii,  Aqua  Thedia'iia,  Aqua  sclopeta'- 
ria,  Aqtia  vulnera'ria.  Aqua  catapulta'riim,  Mis- 
tu'ra  vulnera'ria  ac"ida.  A  sort  of  vulnerary 
water,  distilled  from  a  farrago  of  aromatic  plants. 
Rosemary  Ibiss,  millefoil,  thyme,  each  Ibss. 
Proof  spirit  2  gallons— distil  a  gallon.  This  is 
one  form. 

ARRABON,  Arraphon. 

ARRAGHE3IENT,  (F.)  from  arracTier,  'to 
tear  out,'  Apospas' ma,  Ahrup'tio,  Avul'sio.  Act 
of  separating  a  part  of  the  body  by  tearing  it  from 
the  bonds  connecting  it  with  others.  Evulsion. 
Laceration. 

Arraehement  is  applied  to  certain  operations, 
as  to  the  extraction  of  a  tooth,  the  extirp>ation  of 
a  23oIypus,  &e. 

ARRACK,  Arack.     See  Spii-it. 

AR'RAPHON,  Ar'rabon,  from  a,  priv.,  and 
pacbri,  '  a  suture,'  — '  without  suture.'  A  term 
applied  to  the  cranium  when  it  presents  no  su- 
tures. 

ARRECTIO,  Erection. 

ARREPTIO,  Insanity. 

ARRESTA  BOVIS,  Ononis  spinosa. 

ARRJST  B'HILBAN,  Remora  Hildani. 

ARRETE  BCEUF,  Ononis  spinosa. 

ARRHffi'A,  from  a,  privative,  and  pzw,  'I  flow/ 
The  suppression  of  any  flux.     Amenorrh'cea. 

ARRHOSTEMA,  Disease. 

ARRHOSTENIA,  Disease. 

ARRHOSTIA,  Disease,  Infirmity. 

ARRHYTHMUS,  Caeorrhythmus. 

ARRIBA,  Geoffrsea  vermifuga. 

AERIERE-B 0  UOHE,  Pharynx  —  a.  -  Bent, 
see  Dentition — a.-Faix,  Secundines. 

ARRIERE-GOUT,  (F.)  'after  taste.'  The 
taste  left  by  certain  bodies  in  the  mouth  for  some 
time  after  they  have  been  swallowed,  owing  per- 
haps to  the  papillte  of  the  mouth  having  imbibed 
the  savoury  substance. 

ARRIERES  MARINES,  Nares,  posterior. 

AERO  CHE,  Atriplex  hortensis  —  a.  Puant, 
Chenopodium  vulvaria. 

ARROSEMENT,  Aspersion. 

ARROWHEAD,  Sagittaria  variabilis. 

ARROW  LEAF,  Sagittaria  variabilis. 

ARROW  POISON.  This  differs  with  different 
tribes  of  Indians.  By  some,  the  poison  capsicum,  ■ 
and  infusions  of  a  strong  kind  of  tobacco,  and  of 
euphorbiacese  are  mixed  together,  with  the  poi- 
sonous emmet,  and  the  teeth  of  the  formidable 
serpent,  called  by  the  Peruvian  Indians  jiliua- 
maru  or  Jergon, — Lachesis  picta  of  Tschudi. 

ARROW  ROOT,  Fec'ula  Ilaran'ta,  Am'ylum 
maranta'ceum,  A.  America'num.  The  fecula  of 
the  rhizoma  of  Maran'ta  Arundina'cea,  which, 
like  all  feculae,  is  emollient  and  nutritive,  when 
prepared  with  water,  milk,  &c. 

Dr.  Carson  has  shown,  that  Florida  arrow-root 
is  derived  from  Za'mia  integrifo'lia  or  Z.pu'mila, 
Sugar  pine  ;  Bermuda  arrow  roof  being  ibtained 
from  Maranta  arundinacea.  Florida  arrow  root, 
as  well  as  the  farina,  is  known  in  the  Southern 
States  under  the  name  Goonti  or  Coontie. 

According  to  Dr.  Ainslie,  an  excellent  kind  of 
arrow  root  is  prepared  in  Travancore  from  the 
root  of  Curcuma  angustifolia. 

Arrow  root  mucilage  is  made  by  rubbing  arrow 
root  poicder  with  a  little  cold  water,  in  a  basin, 
by  means  of  the  back  of  a  spoon,  until  it  is  com- 
pletely mixed  with  the  water;  then  pouring  boil- 
ing water  over  it,  stirring  assiduously  until  a  soft, 
gelatinous,  tenacious  mucilage  is  formed;  and, 
lastly,  boiling  for  five  minutes.  A  tablespoonful 
of  arrow  root  powder  is  sufficient  to  make  a  pint 


ARROW  WOOD 


102 


ART 


of  nracilage.  It  may  he  moderately  sweetened ; 
and  wine  or  lemon  juice  may  be  added. 

With  milk  also  it  forms  a  bland  and  nutritious 
article  of  diet. 

Arrow  Boot,  Bkaziliax.  The  fecula  of  Ja- 
tropha  Manihot. 

Arrow  Root,  Common,  see  Solanum  tubero- 
sum. 

Arrow  Root,  East  Indian.  The  fecula  of 
the  tubers  of  Curcuma  angustifolia  or  narrow- 
leaved  Turmeric. 

Arrow  Root,  English,  Arrow  root,  common. 

ARROW  WOOD,  Euonymus,  Viburnum  den- 
datum. 

ARS  CABALI3TICA,  Cabal— a.  Chymiatrica, 
Chymiatria — a.  Clysmatica  nova,  Infusion  of  me- 
dicines— a.  Coquinaria,  Culinary  art — a.  Cosme- 
tiea,  Cosmetics — a.  Culinaria,  Culinary  art — a. 
Empirica,  Empiricism — a.  Hermetica,  Chymistry 
— a.  Homoeopathica,  Homceopathy  —  a.  Hydria- 
trica,  Hydrosudotherapeia — a.  Infusoria,  Infu- 
sion of  medicines  —  a.  Machaonia,  Medicina — a. 
Majorum,  Chymistry — a.  Medica,  Medicina — a. 
Obstetricia,  Obstetrics — a.  Sanandi,  Art,  healing 
— a.  Separatoria,  Chymistry — a.  Spagirica,  Chy- 
mistry— a.  Veterinaria,  Veterinary  Art — a.  Zoia- 
triea,  Veterinary  Art. 

ARSALTOS,  Asphaltum. 

ARSATUM,  Nymphomania. 

ABSENAL,  (F.)  Chirapothe'ca,  Armamenta'- 
rium,  A.  chirur' gicum.  A  collection  of  surgical 
instruments.  A  work  containing  a  description 
of  surgical  instruments. 

ARSEN'IATE,  Arsen'iaa.  A  salt  formed  by 
a  combination  of  arsenic  acid  with  a  salifiable 
base. 

Aeseniate  or  Ammonia,  Arsen'ias  Ammo'nia, 
Ammo'nium  Arsenic' icuni,  (F.)  Arseniate  d'Am- 
m-oniaque.  This  preparation  is  highly  extolled 
in  cutaneous  diseases.  A  grain  of  the  salt  may 
be  dissolved  in  an  ounce  of  distilled  water,  and 
20  to  25  drops  be  commenced  with  as  a  dose. 

Arseniate  op  Iron,  Arsen'ias  Ferri,  Ferrum 
Arsenia'tum,  F.  Arsen'icum  oxydula'tum,  (F.) 
Arseniate  de  Fer.  This  preparation  has  been 
applied  externally  to  cancerous  ulcers.  An  oint- 
ment may  be  made  of  ^ss  of  the  arseniate,  gij  of 
the  phosphate  of  iron,  and  ^vj  of  spermaceti 
ointment.  The  arseniate  has  also  been  given  in- 
ternally in  cancerous  affections,  in  the  dose  of  one- 
sixteenth  of  a  grain. 

Arseniate  of  Protox'ide  of  Potas'sium, 
Proto-arsen'iate  of  Potas'sium,  Arsen'iate  of  Po- 
taasa,,  Arsen'ias  Potassce,  Arsenias  Kali.  Pro- 
perties the  same  as  those  of  arsenious  acid. 

Arseniate  op  Quinia,  Quinia3  Arsenias. 

APi,'SENIC,  Arsen'icum.  A  solid  metal;  of  a 
steel-gray  colour;  granular  texture;  very  brittle; 
volatilizing  before  melting;  very  combustible  and 
acidifiable.  It  is  not  dangerous  of  itself,  and  only 
becomes  so  by  virtue  of  the  facility  with  which  it 
absorbs  oxygen. 

ARSENIO  BLANC,  Arseni^am  album. 

Arsenic,  Iodide  of,  Arsen'ici  lo'didum  seu 
Teriod'idum,  A.  lodure'tnni,  Arsen'icum  loda'- 
tum ;  formed  by  the  coTr.bination  of  arsenious 
acid  and  iodine.  This  preparation,  applied  ex- 
ternally, has  been  highly  extolled  in  various  cu- 
+-T,neous  affections.  An  ointment  may  be  made 
of  three  grains  of  iodide  to  §j  of  lard.  It  has 
also  been  given  internally  in  the  dose  of  a  tenth 
of  a  grain  in  similar  affections. 

Arsenic,  Oxide  or,  Arsenicum  album — a.  Ox- 
ide of,  White,  Arsenicum  album — a.  White,  Arse- 
nicum album. 

Arsenic  and  Mercury,  Iodide  of,  Hj/drar'- 
ijyri  et  Arsen'ici  lo'didum.  Double  Fodide  of 
Mer'cury  and  Ar'senie,  lodo-arsenite  of  Mer'cury. 


A  compound,  which  has  been  proposed  as  more 
efi&cacious  than  either  the  iodide  of  arsenic  or  the 
iodide  of  mercury.  It  is  made  by  triturating  6.08 
grains  of  metallic  arsenic  ;  14.82  grains  of  mer^ 
cury  ;  49  of  iodine,  with  a  fluidrachm  of  alcohol, 
until  the  ma^s  has  become  dry,  and  from  being 
deep  brown  has  become  pale  red.  Eight  ounces 
of  distilled  vxiter  are  poured  on,  and,  after  tritu- 
ration for  a  few  moments,  the  whole  is  transfer- 
red to  a  flask;  half  a  drachm  of  hydriodic  acid, 
prepared  by  the  acidification  of  two  grains  of 
iodine,  is  added,  and  the  mixture  is  boiled  for  a 
few  moments.  When  the  solution  is  cold,  make 
the  mixture  up  to  f^viij  with  distilled  water. 
This  is  called  by  Mr.  Donovan,  the  proposer, 
Liquor  Arsen'ici  et  Hydrar'gyri  lo'didi,  each 
drachm  of  which  by  measure  consists  of  water 
3J,  arsenious  acid  gr.  l-8th;  peroxide  of  mercury 
gr.  l-4th,  iodine  converted  into  hydriodic  acid 
gr.  3-4ths.  In  the  last  edition  of  the  Ph.  U.  S. 
it  is  directed  to  be  made  of  Arsenici  lodidiim  and 
Hydrargyri  lodidum  ruhrum,  each  gr.  xxxv;  and 
Aqua  destillata  Oss;  dissolving  by  rubbing,  heat- 
ing to  the  boiling  point,  and  filtering. 

The  dose  of  Donovan's  Solution,  is  from  TT^^xv 
to  f  ^ss  two  or  three  times  a  day. 

It  has  been  used  successfully  in  inveterate  cu- 
taneous diseases. 

ARSEN'ICAL  PASTE,  (F.)  Pate  Arsenicale. 
This  application  to  cancers  is  formed  of  70  parts 
of  cinnabar,  22  of  dragon's  Mood,  and  8  of  arse- 
nious acid ;  made  into  a  paste  with  saliva,  when 
about  to  be  applied. 

ARSENICI  lODIDUM,  Arsenic,  Iodide  of— 
a.  loduretum.  Arsenic,  Iodide  of — a.  Teriodidum, 
Arsenic,  iodide  of. 

ARSENICISM'US,  Intoxiea'tio  Arsenica'lis. 
Poisoning  by  arsenic. 

ARSEN'ICUM  ALBUM;  White  Ar' senic,  Ox- 
ide  of  Ar'senie,  Patshane,  Arsen'ici  ox'ydum  al- 
bum, Calx  Arsen'ici  alba,  Ac"idum  Arsenico'sum, 
A.  Arsenio'sum  (Ph.  U.  S.),  Arsen'ious  acid,  White 
oxide  of  arsenic,  (F.)  Arsenic  blanc.  An  acid 
which  is  met  with  in  commerce,  in  compact,  white, 
heavy,  fragile,  masses ;  of  a  vitreous  aspect,  opake, 
and  covered  with  a  white  dust ;  of  an  acrid  and 
nauseous  taste  ;  without  smell  when  cold  ;  vola- 
tilizable  by  heat,  and  exhaling  the  odour  of  gar- 
lic :  soluble  in  water,  alcohol  and  oil ;  crystalli- 
zable  in  regular  octahedrons.  It  is  this  that  is 
meant  by  the  name  arsenic,  as  commonly  used. 

Arsen'icum  Album  Sublima'tum,  Sublimed 
Oxide  of  Arsenic,  is  the  one  employed  in  medi- 
cine. It  is  tonic  and  escharotic,  and  is  the  most 
virulent  of  mineral  poisons.  It  is  used  in  in- 
termittents,  periodical  headachs,  neuroses,  Ac. 
Dose,  gr.  one-tenth  to  one-eighth  in  j)ill.  See 
Poisons,  Table  of. 

Arsenicum  Iodatum,  Arsenic,  Iodide  of — a. 
Rubrum  Factitium,  Realgar. 

ARSENIS  POTASS^,  Arsenite  of  protoxide 
of  potassium — a.  Potassaj  aquosus.  Liquor  arse- 
nicalis — a.  Potassas  liquidus.  Liquor  arseniealis. 

AR'SENITE,  Ar'senis.  A  salt,  formed  by  a 
combination  of  the  arsenious  acid  with  a  salifi- 
able base. 

Ar'senite  of  Protox'ide  op  Potas'sium,  Pro- 
to-ar' senite  of  Potas'sium,  Ar'senite  of  Potassa, 
Ar'senis  Potasses.  An  uncrystallizable  and  co- 
lourless salt,  which  forms  the  basis  of  the  liquor 
arseniealis,  which  see. 

Arsenite  of  Quinia,  Quinite  arsenis. 

ARSE-SMART,  Persioaria  — a.  Biting,  Poly- 
gonum hydropiper. 

ART,  HEALING-,  Ars  Sanan'di,  Medici'na. 
The  appropriate  application  of  the  precepts  of 
the  best  physicians,  and  of  the  results  of  experi- 
ence to  the  treatment  of  disease. 


ARTABE 


103 


ARTERIA 


Art,  Veterinary,  Veterinary  art. 

AR'TABE,  a^rafin.  Name  of  a  measure  for 
dry  substances,  in  use  with  the  ancients,  equal 
at  times,  t»  5  modii :  at  others,  to  3  j  and  at 
others,  again,  to  7. — Galen. 

ARTANTHE  ELONGATA,  see  Matieo. 

AR'TELSHEIM,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
These  German  waters  have  been  much  recom- 
mended in  hysteria,  gout,  palsy,  &c.  Their 
physical  or  chemical  properties  have  not  been 
described. 

ARTEMIS'IA,  Anacti'rion.  Called  after  a 
queen  of  the  name,  who  first  employed  it;  or 
from  Aprtjiig,  'Diana;'  because  it  was  formerly 
used  in  diseases  of  women,  over  whom  she  pre- 
sided.    The  Gauls  called  it  Bricumum. 

Artbjiis'ia  Abrot'anum,  Abrot' anum,  Abrot'- 
onum,  Abrot'anum  CatJisum,  Abrot'anum  mas, 
Abrathan,  South' ernwood,  Oldman,  (F.)  Aurone, 
Aurone  male,  Aurone  des  jar  dins,  Garderobe, 
Citronelle.  Supposed  to  be  possessed  of  stimu- 
lant properties. 

Oil  of  SoutherniBood,  O'leum  Abrot'ani,  (F.) 
Huile  d' Aurone,  possesses  the  aromatic  proper- 
ties of  the  plant. 

Artemis'ia  Absin'thium,  Absin'thium,  Absin'- 
thium  vulga're,  Apsin' thium,  Barypi'cron,  Com- 
mon WormiDood,  (F.)  Absinthe.  Properties:  — 
tonic  and  anthelmintic.  The  Oil  of  Wormwood, 
O'leumAbsin'thii,  (F.)  Huile  d' Absinthe,  contains 
the  aromatic  virtues  of  the  plant. 

Artemisia  Afra,  a  South  African  species,  is 
tonic,  antispasmodic  and  anthelmintic ;  and  has 
been  used  in  debility  of  the  stomach,  visceral  ob- 
structions, jaundice  and  hypochondriasis.  It  is 
taken  in  infusion,  decoction  and  tincture.  A 
strong  infusion  is  used  by  the  Cape  Colonists  as 
a  eollyrium  in  weakness  of  the  eyes ;  and  the 
pounded  leaves  and  stalks  are  employed  as  dis- 
cutients  in  cedema  and  sugillations. 

Artemisia  Alba,  A.  Santonica — a.  Balsamita, 
A.  Pontica. 

Artemisia  Bien'nis,  Biennial  Wormwood ;  in- 
digenous. 

Artemisia  Botrys,  Chenopodium  ambrosi- 
oides. 

Artemis'ia  Campes'tris,  Field  Southernwood, 
(F.)  Aurone  des  Ohamps.  This  possesses  the 
same  properties  as  A.  Abrot' anuin. 

Artemisia  Chenopodium,  Chenopodium  bo- 
trys. 

Artemisia  Chinen'sis,  A.  In'dica,  A.  Moxa. 
From  this  the  Chinese  form  their  moxas. 

Artemisia  Contra,  A.  Santonica. 

Artemisia  Draoun'ctjlus,  Tar' agon,  (F. ) 
Armoise  estragon.  Virtues  :  —  the  same  as  the 
last. 

Artemis'ia  Glacia'lis,  Silky  Wormicood; 

Artemisia  Indica,  Artemisia  Chinensis,  A. 
Santonica; 

Artemisia  Leptophylla,  A.  Pontica; 

Artemisia  Marit'ima,  Absin'thium  Mari'num 
sen  ilarit'imum,  Sea  Wormwood,  Maritime  South- 
ern wood  ; 

Artemisia  Moxa,  A.  Chinensis ; 
and 

Artemis'ia  Pon'tica,  A.  Eoma'na  seu  Tenui- 
fo'lia  seu  Balsami'ta  seu  Leptophyl'la,  Absinthi- 
vm  Pon'tieum  seu  Roma'mun,  Roman  Wormwood, 
Lesser  Wormwood,  possess  like  virtues ;  —  as  well 
as 

Artemisia  Roman  a,  A.  Pontica; 

Artemisia  Rubra,  A.  Santonica;  and 

Artemis'ia  Rupes'tris,  Oreejiing  Wormtvood, 
Geit'ipi  album,  (F.)  Armoise  blano,  Genipi  blane. 
This  variety  has  aromatic  virtues,  and  is  used  in 
Intermittents,  and  in  amenorrhoea. 

Artemis'ia    Santon'ica,    Santon' ieum,  A,le- 


mis'ia  contra.  Semen  contra  Vermes,  Semen  con- 
tra, S.  Zedoa'riee,  Oanni  Herba,  ChamcBcedris, 
Ghammcyparis' sas.  Semen  Oina,  Hngiusper'wMm, 
Sanc'tum  Semen,  Absin'thiuin,  Sunton'icum,  Se- 
menti'na,  Xantoli'na,  Scheha  Ar'ubnni,  Artemis'ia 
Jnda'ica,  Sina  seu  Gina  Levan'tica,  Wormseed, 
Tartarian  Southernwood,  (F.)  Barbotine.  Vir- 
tues : — anthelmintic  and  stimulant.  Dose,  gr.  x. 
to  3J  in  powder. 

Artemisia  Tenuifolia,  A.  Pontica. 
Artemis'iaVulga'ris,  Aj-?e»u'«'Hir((5)-aef  a?6a, 
Oin'gulum  Sancti  Joan'nis,  Mater  Herba' rum,  Be- 
renisecum,  Buhastecor' dium,  Canapja' cia.  Mug- 
wort,  (F.)  Armoise  ordinaire,  A.  Commune,  Herbe 
de  Saint  Jean.  This,  as  well  as  some  other 
varieties,  possesses  the  general  tonic  virtues  of 
the  Artemisise.  Artemisia  vulgaris  has  been 
highly  extolled  by  the  Germans  in  cases  of  epi- 
lepsy. Dose  of  the  powder,  in  the  24  hours,  from 
3ss  to  3j\ 

AllTERE,  Artery — a.  Braehial,  Brachial  ar- 
tery— a.  Brachio-cejihalique,  Innominata  arteria 
— a.  Bronchique,  Bronchial  artery — a.  Giliaire, 
Ciliary  artery  —  a.  Clitorienne :  see  Clitoris  —  a. 
Gacale:  see  Colic  arteries  —  a.  Collatera.le  du 
coude,  Anastomoticus  magnus  ramus — a  Collate- 
rale  externe,  Arteria  profunda  humeri— a.  Colla- 
terale  interne,  Anastomoticus  magnus  ramus — Oi 
Coronaire  des  levres.  Labial  artery — a.  Coronaire 
Stomachique,  Coronary  artery — a.  Crurale,  Crural 
artery — a.  Beuxieme  des  thoraciques,  Arteria  tho- 
racica  externa  inferior — a.  ipijiejige.  Meningeal 
artery,  va\A(i\Q—a.Femoro--poplitie,  Ischiatic  artery 
— a.  Fessiere,  Gluteal  artery — a.  Gastrique  droite, 
petite,  Pyloric  artery  —  a.  Gutturo-maxillaire, 
Maxillary  artery,  internal — a.  Honteuse  externe, 
Pudic,  external,  artery — a.  Honteuse  interne,  Pu- 
dic,  internal,  artery — a.  Humerale  profonde,  Ar- 
teria profunda  humeri — a.  lliaque  primitive.  Iliac 
artery  —  a.  Innominee,  Innominata  arteria  —  a. 
Irienne,  Ciliary  artery  —  a.  Ischio-penienne :  see 
Pudic,  internal,  artery  —  a.  Mediane  anterieiire. 
Spinal  artery,  anterior  —  a.  Mediane  posterieure 
du  rachis.  Spinal  artery,  posterior — a.  Memngee 
moyenne.  Meningeal  arterj^,  middle — a.  Menton- 
niere,  Mental  foramen — a.  Mesocepthaliqite,  Basi- 
lary  artery  —  a.  Mesocolique:  see  Colic  artery — 
a.  Musculaire  du  bras,  Arteria  profunda  humeri 
— a.  JIusculaire  du  bras,  grande:  see  Collateral 
arteries  of  the  arm — a.  Musculaire  grande  de  la 
cuisae,  Arteria  profunda  femoris — a.  OpAsthogas- 
trique,  Cceliac  artery — a.  Orbitaire,  Ophthalmic 
artery  —  a.  de  VOvaire,  Spermatic  artery  —  a. 
Pelvi-erurale,  Crural  artery  —  a.  Pelvi-crurale, 
Iliac  artery — a.  Pelvienne,  llypogastric  artery — 
a.  Premiere  des  thoraciques,  Arteria  thoracica 
externa  superior  —  a.  Radio-carpienne  transver- 
sale  palmaire.  Radio-carpal  artery  —  a.  Scrotale, 
Pudic,  external,  artery  —  a.  Sous-elaviere,  Sub-_ 
clavian  artery — a.  Sous-pubio-femorale,  Obturator 
artery — a.  Sous-pubienne,  Pudic,  internal,  artery 
— a.  Sous-sternal,  Mammary,  internal — a.  Sphe- 
no-epineuse.  Meningeal  artery,  middle — a.  Stomo- 
gastrique,  Coronary  artery  —  a.  Sus-carpienne : 
see  Sus-carpien  —  a.  Sus-maxillaire,  Alveolar 
artery  —  a.  Su^-maxillaire,  Buccal  artery  —  a. 
Sus-metatarsienne,  Metatarsal  artery  —  a.  Sus- 
2nibienne,  Epigastric  artery  —  a.  Testicvlaire, 
Spermatic  artery — a.  Thoracique  humerale,  Acro- 
mial artery  —  a,  Trachelocervieal:  see  Cerebral 
arteries  —  a.  Trochanterienne,  Circumflex  artery 
of  the  thigh — a.  Troisieme  des  thoraciques,  Acro- 
mial artery — a.  Tympanique,  Auditory  artery, 
external — a.  Uveale :  see  Ciliary  artery — a.  Vul~ 
vaire,  Pudic,  external,  arterj'. 

ARTERIA,  Artery — a.  Ad  Cutem  Abdominis, 
see  Ad  Cutem  abdominis,  farte"'.*) — a  AnoaTma, 


ARTERIAC 


104 


ARTERY 


Innominata  artery — a.  Aspera,  Trachea — a.  Ce- 
rebralis,  Carotid,  internal — a.  Cervicalis,  Basilary 
artery — a.  Coronaria  dextra,  Pyloric  artery — a. 
Crassa,  Aorta — a.  Externa  cubiti,  Radial  artery 
— a.  Dorsalis  metacarpi,  Metacarpal  artery — a. 
Durae  matris  media  maxima,  Meningeal  artery, 
middle  —  a.  Encephaliea,  Carotid,  internal  —  a. 
Gastrica  superior.  Coronary  artery — a.  Ilio-coliea : 
see  Colic  arteries — a.  Iliaca  interna,  Hypogastric 
artery — a.  Iliaca  posterior.  Hypogastric  artery — 
a.  Magna,  Aorta — a.  Magna  poUicis,  Princeps 
poUicis — a.  Malleolaris  externa :  see  Tibial  arte- 
ries— a.  Malleolaris  interna:  see  Tibial  arteries — 
a.  Mammaria  externa,  A.  Thoraciea  externa,  in- 
ferior— a.  Maxima,  Aorta — a.  Media  anastomoti- 
ea  :  see  Colic  arteries — a.  Meningaea  media.  Me- 
ningeal artery,  middle — a.  Muscularis  femoris,  A. 
Profunda  femoris — a.  Pbaryngea  suprema.  Ptery- 
goid artery  —  a.  Profunda  cerebri:  see  Cerebral 
arteries — a.  Pudenda  communis,  Pudie,  internal, 
artery  —  a.  Pudica,  Pudic,  internal,  artery  —  a. 
Ramulus  ductus  Pterygoidei,  Pterygoid  artery — 
a.  Spheno-spinosa,  Meningeal  artery,  middle — a. 
Spinalis,  A.  Profunda  humeri — a.  Sternalis,  Mam- 
mary, internal  —  a.  Supra-orbitalis,  Frontal  ar- 
tery —  a.  Sylviana  :  see  Cerebral  arteries  —  a. 
Thoraciea  axillaris  vel  alaris.  Scapular  artery, 
inferior — a  Thoraciea  humeralis,  Acromial  artery 
— a.  TransversaUs  colli :  see  Cerebral  arteries — 
a.  TransversaUs  humeri,  Scapular  artery,  superior 
—  a.  Ulnaris,  Cubital  artery  —  a.  Uterina  hypo- 
gastrica.  Uterine  artery  —  a  Vasta  posterior,  A. 
Profunda  femoris. 

ARTE'RIAC,  Arteri' acus.  A  medicine  pre- 
scribed in  diseases  of  the  windpipe.  Also  arte- 
rial. 

ARTE'RIiE  ADIPO'S^.  The  arteries  which 
secrete  the  fat  about  the  kidneys  are  sometimes 
so  called.  They  are  ramifications  of  the  capsular, 
diaphragmatic,  renal,  and  spermatic  arteries. 

Akteri^  Apoplectic.*:,  Carotids — a.  Capitales, 
Carotids — a.  Ciliares,  Ciliary  arteries — a.  Corporis 
eallosi  cerebri,  Mesolobar  arteries — a.  Jugulares, 
Carotids — a,  Lethargicse,  Carotids — a.  Mesolobi- 
cse,  Mesolobar  arteries  —  a.  Prseparantes,  Sper- 
matic arteries — a.  Somniferse,  Carotids — a.  Sopo- 
rales.  Carotids  —  a.  Soporariae,  Carotids — a.  Ve- 
nosK,  Pulmonary  veins. 

ARTE'RIAL,  Arteri'acus,  Arterio'sus.  Be- 
longing to  arteries, 

Aetehial  Blood,  (F.)  Sang  arteriel.  Red 
blood  is  so  called  because  contained  in  the  arte- 
ries. The  pulmonary  veins,  however,  also  con- 
ftiin  red  blood:  hence  the  name  arterial  veins, 
(F.)  Veines  arterielles,  applied  to  them. 

Arte'p.IAL  Duct,  Cana'lis  arterio'sus,  Diictus 
arterio'sus,  D.  Botal'lii,  (F.)  Canal  arteriel,  0. 
Pulmo-aortique,  is  the  portion  of  the  pulmonary 
artery  which  terminates  in  the  aorta  in  the  foetus. 
When  this  duct  is  obliterated  after  birth,  it  is 
called  Arte'rial  Lig'arnent,  (F.)  Ligament  arteriel. 
Arterial  System  includes  all  the  arteries, 
Irom  their  origin  in  the  heart  to  their  termina- 
tion in  the  organs.     See  Vascular  System. 

ARTERIALIZATION  OF  THE  BLOOD, 
Maematosis. 

ARTERIARGTIE,,  from  aprvpia,  'artery,^  and 
arcto,  '1  straiten.'     Contraction  of  an  artery. 
ARTERIECTASIS,  Aneurism. 
ARTERIECTOP'IA,    from   aprripia,    'artery,' 
and  tKToiros,  'out  of  place.      Dislocation  of  an 
artery. 

ARTERIEURYSMA,  Aneurism. 
A.RTERIITIS,  Arteritis. 
ARTERIODIALYSIS,  see  Aneurism. 
XKTERIOG'RAPHY,  Arteriogra'pMa:  from 
u^rrjpia,  '  artery,'  and  ypafjirj,  '  a  description.'     A 
di'iicription  of  the  arteries. 


ARTERIOLA.     A  small  artery. 

ARTERIOL'OGY,  Ar<e)-io%"my  from  aprr)p,a, 
'artery,' and  Aoyo J,  'a  discourse.'  A  treatise  on 
t,liG  3.rt6riGS» 

ARTE'RIO-PITU'ITOUS.  An  epithet  ap- 
plied  to  vessels  which  creep  along  the  interior 
of  the  nostrils. — Ruysch. 

ARTERIORRHEXIS,  see  Aneurism. 

ARTERIOS'ITAS,  from  Arteria,  '  an  artery.' 
A  condition  of  the  blood  in  which  it  preserves  in 
the  veins  the  arterial  character.  —  The  opposite 
to  Venositas. 

Arteriositas  Sanguinis,  Prsedominium  san- 
guinis arteriosi. 

ARTERIOSTEIE,  from  aprripia,  'artery,'  and 
oartov,  'a  bone.'  Ossification  of  an  artery. — - 
PioiTy. 

ARTERIOT'OMY,  A'Heriotom'ia,  from  aprvpi-a, 
'  an  artery,'  and  refivui,  '  I  cut.'  This  word  has 
been  used  for  the  dissection  of  arteries.  Most 
commonly,  however,  it  means  a  surgical  opera- 
tion, which  consists  in  opening  an  artery,  to 
draw  blood  from  it.  Arteriotomy  is  chiefly  used 
in  inflammatory  affections  of  the  head,  when  the 
blood  is  generally  obtained  from  the  temporal 
artery.     See  Blood-letting. 

ARTERI'TIS,  Arterii'tis,  Jnflamma'tio  Arte- 
ria'rum,  (F.)  Arterite,  Inflammation  des  arteres  j 
from  aprripia,  '  an  artery,'  and  itis,  a  termination 
denoting  inflammation.  Inflammation  of  an  ar- 
tery. Inflammation  of  the  inner  coat  of  an 
artery  is  termed  Endo-arteri'tis,  or  Endonur- 
teri'tis ;  of  the  outer,  Exo-arteri'tis  or  Exar- 
teri'tis. 

AR'TERY,  Arte'ria,  (P.)  Arth-e,  from  avp, 
'air,'  and  Tr]puv,  'to  preserve,'  quasi,  'receptacle 
of  air,'  because  the  ancients  believed  that  it  con- 
tained air.  They,  at  first,  gave  the  name  Artery 
to  the  trachea,  aprripta  rpa^tta,  because  it  is  filled 
with  air ;  and  afterwards  they  used  the  same 
term  for  the  arteries,  properly  so  called,  probably 
because  they  commonly  found  them  empty  in  the 
dead  body.  We  find,  also,  (p}.e^£s  to  designate 
1  the  arteries,  called  by  the  Latins  VencB  mican'tes 
pulsat'iles.  Arteries,  with  the  modems,  signify 
I  the  order  of  vessels,  which  arise  from  the  two 
ventricles  of  the  heart,  and  have  valves  only  at 
their  origin.  They  are  cylindrical,  firm,  and 
elastic  canals;  of  a  yellowish  white  colour;  little 
dilatable;  easily  lacerable ;  and  formed,  1.  Of  an 
external,  laminated  or  areolar  membrane,  of  a 
dense  and  close  character.  2.  Of  a  middle  coat 
composed  of  fibres,  which  does  not,  however, 
contract  on  the  application  of  the  galvanic  stimu- 
lus ;  and  3.  Of  an  inner  coat,  which  is  thin,  dia- 
phanous, reddish,  and  polished. 

The  use  of  the  arteries  is  to  carry  the  blood 
from  the  heart  to  the  various  parts  of  the  system. 
It  will  be  obvious,  however,  that  they  cannot  all 
convey  arterial  blood.  The  pulmonary  artery, 
for  example,  is  destined  to  convey  the  venous 
blood  to  the  lungs,  there  to  be  converted  into 
arterial;  whilst  the  pulmonary  veins  convey 
arterial  blood  back  to  the  heart. 

TABLE     OP    the     PRINCIPAL     ARTEREES     OF     THE 
BODY. 

All  the  other  arteries  take  their  rise  from  the 
Pulmonary  Artery,  or  the  Aorta:  and  the  names 
generally  indicate  the  parts  to  which  they  are 
distributed. 

I.  Arteria  Pulmoxalis. 

The  Pulmonary  Artery  arises  from  the  right 
ventricle,  and  soon  divides  into  a  right  and  left 
branch,    one   of   which  is   distributed    to    each 

lung. 


AETERY 


105 


ARTERY 


II.  Arteeia  Aorta. 
The  Aorta  arises  from  the  left  ventricle.     It  is 
the  common  trunk  of  the  arteries  of  the  body, 
and  may  be  divided  into  fi  ve  portions. 

a.  Arteries  furnished  hy  the  Aorta  at  its  origin. 

1.  A.  Cardiaca  or  eoronaria  anterior. 

2.  A.  Cardiaca  or  eoronaria  posterior. 

b.  Arteries  furnished  hy  the  Aorta  at  its  arch. 

The  arch  of  the  Aorta  gives  off,  to  the  left,  two 
considerable  trunks — the  Arteria  carotidea  pi-i- 
mitiva,  and  A.  subclavia, ;  and,  to  the  right,  a 
single  trunk,  which  is  larger — the  A.  innominata, 
or  Brachio-cephalica,  which  divides  into  i\iQ  pri- 
mitive carotid  and  subclavian. 

A.  Arteria  Caro-  j  Divides  into  A.  Carotidea  exter- 
TiDEA  PRiJiiTivA.  (      Ha,  A.  Carotidea  interna, 
f  Furnishes,  1.  A.  Tltyroidea  superior. 

12.  A.  lingualis,  which  gives  ofTthe  A.  dor- 
salis  linguae  and  A.  sublingualis. 
3.  A.  facialis  vel  Ji.  Maxillaris  externa, 
which  furnishes  the  A.  palatina  infe- 
rior, the  A.  subinentalis,  and  A.  eoro- 
naria superior  and  inferior. 

4.  .4.  occipitalis,  which  gives  off  the  A. 
niastoidea  posterior. 

5.  S-  auricularis  posterior,  which   gives 
off  A.  stylo-mastoiilea. 

6-   .^.  pharyngea  inferior. 
The  e.\ternal  carotid   ultimately  divides  into   the 
temporal  artery  and  internal  maxillary. 

I  '^■■rnishes  A.  transversalis  faciei.  A.  auricu- 
iris  anterior,  and  A.  temporalis  media. 


a.A.Ca-  I 
rotidea  ■( 
externa.  • 


L 


Tempo- 
ralis. 


S  Furnis 
1      laris 


2.  A. 
Maxilla- 
ris in- 
terna. 


b.A.Ca-  I 
rotidea  ^ 
interna.  ' 


B.  Ar- 
teria 

GnBCLA- 
VIA. 


A-  Bra- 

chialis. 


1.  A.  Ra- 
dians. 


a.  Axil-  \ 
laris.     1 


2.  A.  Cu- 
Utalis, 


f  Furnishes  13  branches,  viz.  A.  meningea 
media,  A.  denlaris  inferior,  A.  temporalis 

\      profunda    posterior,    A.   masseterina,    A. 

J      pterygoidea.  A.  biiccalis,  A.  temporalis  pro- 

\  funda  anterior,  A.  alveolaris  ;  A.  suborbi- 
taris,    A.  vidiuna,    A.  pterygopalatina  or 

1      pharyngea  superior,  A.  palatina  superior, 

I     and  A.  sphenopalatina. 

(  Furnishes,  1.  A.  opkthalmica,  which  gives 

I  off  A.  lachrymalis,  A.  centralis  retinfe,  A. 
supraorbitaria  vel  superciliaris,  A.cilinres 

I  po.steriorKs,  A.  ciliares  longE,  A.  nuiscu- 
laris  superior  et  inferior,  A.  elhnioidalis 
posterior  et  anterior,  A.  palpehralis  supe- 

I      rior  et  inferior,  A.  nasalis,  and  A.  fronta- 

I      lis.     2.  A.  communicans,   IVillesii.     3.  A- 

I      choroidea.    4.  A.  cerebralis  anterior.   5.  A. 

[      terebrans  media. 

f  Furnishes,  1.  A.  verlebralis,  which  gives  off 

I  A.  spinalis  anterior  et  posterior,  A.  cere- 
bellosa  inferior,  and  forms — by  uniting  it- 
self with  that  of  the  opposite  side — the  A. 
j  basilaris,  divided  into  A.  cerebellosa  su- 
perior and  A.  cerebralis  posterior.  2.  A. 
tkyroidea  inferior,  whicii  gives  off  A.  cer- 
'  vicalis  ascendens.  3.  A.  mainmariar  in- 
]  terna,  which  gives  off  the  A.  mediastina 
I  anterior  and  A.  diaphragmatica  superior. 
I  4.  A  intercostalis  superior.  5.  A.  cervica- 
\  lis  transversa.  6.  A.  scapularis  superior. 
7.  A.  cervicalis  posterior  vel  profunda. 
Farther  on,  the  subclavian  artery  conti- 
nues its  progress  under  the  name  A.  axil- 
[_     laris. 

(  Furnishes,  1.  A.  acromialis.  2.  A,  thoracica 
I  superior.  3.  A.  thoracica  inferior  vel  longa 
1  vel  mammaria  externa.  4.  A.  scapularis 
inferior  vel  communis.  5.  A.  circumfleia 
posterior.  G.  A.  circumfiexa  anterior.  Far- 
I  ther  on,  the  axillary  artery  continues  un- 
1^  der  the  name  A.  brachialis. 
I  Furnishes  A.  humeralis  ]iTofunda\'e\  collate- 
\  Talis  externa.  2.  A.  collateralis  interna. 
\  It  afterwards  divides  into  the  radial  and 
'      culjital  arteries. 

(  Gives  off  A.  reeurrens  radialis,  A.  dorsnlis 
1  carpi,  A.  dorsalis  melacarpi.  A.  dorsalis 
1  poinds,  and  terminates  in  forming  the 
'  Arcus  pnlmaris  profundus, 
("Gives  off  .4.  reeurrens  cubitalis  anterior  and 
I  posterior:  A.  interossea  anterior  and  pos- 
,  terior.  which  latter  furnishes  A.  reeurrens 
\  radialis  posterior.  It  terminates  in  form- 
j  ing  the  superficial  palmar  arch,  which 
L     gives  of[  A.  CoUalerales  digitorum. 


c.  Arteries  given  off  hy  the  Aorta  in  the  Thoraz, 

f  \.  A.  Bronchica,  dextra  et  sinistra. 

_,  I  2.  A.  cEsophagwa  (to  the  number  of  four, 

inese    ,  ^j^^^  or  six.) 

arteries  <^  g    _^  mediastivm  posteriores. 

"'^^^      I  4.  A.  intercostalcs  inferiores   vel   aorlicm 
\^  (to  the  number  of  eight,  nine,  or  ten.) 

d.  Arteries  furnished  hy  the  Aorta  in  the  Ahdomen, 
These 

bra 


hese    i      J 
nc/icss 
ire,      ( 


The  A.  diaphragmatica  vel   phrenica 
dextra  et  sinistra. 

f  Which  divides  into  three  branches,  1.  A.  co- 

I       ronaria  ventriculi.     2.  A.  Hepatica.  which 

2.  A.    J      gives  off  A.  pylorica.    A.  gastro-epiploica 

C(Eliaca.\      dextra  and  A.  cystica  ;   and,  lastly,  the  .4. 

I      splenica,  which  gives  off  A.  gastro.epiplo- 

i     ica  sinistra  and  Vasa  brevia. 

(  Which  gives  off  at  its  concavity  the  A.  co- 

\      lica  dextra  superior,  media  ct  inferior,  and 

■j     at  its  convex  part  from  15  to  20  Rami  iti- 

testinales. 


Which  gives   off  A.  colica  superior  media, 
anil  inferior,  and  divides  into  A.  hsmor- 
'     rlioidales  superiores. 


3.  A. 

Mesen- 

terica 

superior  ' 

4.  A.      I 
Mesen- 

terica 
inferior.  I 

5.  The  A.  Capsulares  medice  (to  the  number  of  two 
on  each  side.) 

6.  A.  Henales  vel  Emulgentes. 

7.  A.  Spermaticce. 

8.  A.  Lumbares  (to  the  number  of  four  or  five  on 
each  side.) 

e.  Arteries  resulting  from  the  Bifurcation  of  the 

Aorta. 

The  Aorta,  a  little  above  its  Bifurcation,  gives  off 

the  A.  sacra  media,  and  divides  into  A.  iliacis  pri- 

mitivai. 


A.  Iliaca 

primi- 

tiva. 


Divides  into  A.  Iliaca  interna  and  A.  Iliaca 

externa, 

f  Furnishes,  1.  A.  ilio-lumbaris.  2.  A.  sacra 
lateralis.  3.  A.  glutea  vel  iliaca  posterior. 
4.  A.  umhilicalis.  5.  A.  vcsicalis.  6.  A. 
obturatoria.  7.  A.  hamorrhoidea  media. 
8  A-  uterina.  9.  A.  vaginalis.  10.  A. 
ischiatica.  11.  A.  pudenda  interna,  which 
gives  off  the  A.  hemorrhoidales  inferiores, 
A,  of  the   septum,  A.  transversa  perinci, 

(_      A. corporis  cavernosi,  and  A.  dorsalis  penis. 

(  Furnishes,  1.  A.  epigastrica.  2.  A.  ili'^ca  an- 
terior vel  circumfiexa  ilii,  and  is  continued 
afterwards  under  the  name  of  Crural  Ar- 
tery. 

'Furnishes;  1.  A.  subcutanea  abdominalis.  2. 
A.  pudenda  superficialis  and  profunda.  3. 
A.  muscularis  superficialis.  4,  A  muscu- 
laris  profunda,  which  gives  off  the  A.  cir- 
cumfiexa externa  and  interna,  and  the 
three  Perforantes,  distinguished  into  su- 
perior, middle,  and  inferior.  Farther  on, 
the    crural    artery  continues   under    the 

[     name  A.  Poplitcea. 

'Furnishes,  1.  A.  Articulares  superiores,  in- 
terna, media,  et  externa.  2.  A.  Oemell<B. 
3  A.  Articulares  inferiores,  interna  et  ex- 
terna.    4.  A.  tibialis  antica,  which,  at  tlie 

\      foot,  takes  the  name,  A.  dorsalis  tarsi,  and 

I  gives  off  the  tarsal  and  metatarsal  arte- 
ries.    In  the  leg,  the  popliteal  artery  rii- 

I      vides   into   the  peroneal    and    posterior 

1.     tibial. 

I  Divides  into  A.  peronwa  antica  and  A.pero- 

\      ncE  postica. 

("Divides   into  A.  plantaris  interna   and  A. 

I      plantaris  externa.    The  latter,  by  anasto- 

I      mosing  with  the  A.  dorsalis  tarsi,  forms 

■^  the  plantar  arch,  whence  arise  Rami  su- 
periores vel  perforantes  postici,  R.  Inferi- 
ores postici  et  antici,  which  give  off  Rami 
perforantes  antici. 

Artery,  Angular,  Facial  artery  —  a.  Articu- 
lar, Circumflex  artery — a.  Brachiocephalic,  Inno- 
minata arteria — a.  Central  of  the  retina.  Central 
artery  of  the  retina — a.  Central  of  Zinn,  Central 
artery  of  the  retina  —  a.  Cephalic,  Carotid  —  a. 
Cerebral  posterior,  Vertebral — a.  Cervico-scapu- 
lar,  see  Cervical  arteries — a.  Coronary  of  the  lips. 
Labial  artery — a.  Crotaphite,  Temporal  artery — 
a.  Fibular,  Peroneal  artery—  a.  Gastric  inferioiv 


a.  A.  II 
iaca   in-.^ 
terua 


b.  A.  Il- 
iaca ex- 
terna. 


A.   Cru- 
ralis. 


A.   Pop- 
litaea. 


l.A.Pe- 
roncea. 

2.  A  Ti- 
bialis 
postica. 


ARTETISCUS 


106 


ARTICCLAR 


Oaslro-epiploic  artery  —  a.  Gastro-hepatic,  see 
Oasti\T-epiploic  artery — a.  Genital,  Pudic  (inter- 
ual)  artery  —  a.  Guttural  inferior,  Thyroideal  A. 
inferior — a.  Guttural  superior,  Thyroideal  A.  su- 
perior—  a.  Humeral,  Brachial  artery  —  a.  Iliac 
posterior.  Gluteal  artery  —  a.  Iliaco-muscular, 
Ilco-lumbar  artery  —  a.  Labial,  Facial  artery — a. 
Laryngeal  superior,  Thyroideal  artery,  superior 
— a.  Maxillary  internal,  Facial  artery — a.  Median 
of  the  sacrum,  Sacral  artery,  anterior — a.  Nasal, 
lateral,  large,  Bpheno-palatine  artery — a.  Palato- 
labial.  Facial  artery  —  a.  Pericephalic,  Carotid 
(external) — -a.  Pharyngeal,  superior,  Pterygo- 
palatine artery  —  a.  Phrenic,  Diaphragmatic  ar- 
tery—  a.  Posterior  of  the  brain,  see  Cerebral  ar- 
teries—  a.  External  scapular.  Acromial  artery — 
a.  Spinal,  Meningeal  artery,  middle — a.  Subcla- 
vian right,  Innominata  arteria — a.  Subscapular, 
Scapular  artery,  inferior  —  a.  Superficial  of  the 
abdomen,  Ad  cutem  abdominis  (arteria) — a.  Su- 
pramaxillary.  Alveolar  artery  —  a.  Suprarenal, 
Capsular  artery — a.  Thoracic,  internal.  Mammary 
internal — a.  Urethro-bulbar,  Transverse  perineal 
artery  —  a.  Vesico-prostatic,  Vesical  artery  —  a. 
Vidian,  Pterygoid  artery. 

ARTETIS'CUS  ;  from  artus,  '  a  limb.'  One 
who  has  lost  a  limb. 

ARTEURYSxMA,  Aneurism. 

ARTHANI'TA,  from  aprog,  'bread;'  the  Oyc' ■ 
lamen  or  Sowbread.  It  was  formerly  made  into 
ointment,  Unguen'tiim  Arthani'tce,  with  many 
other  substances,  and  was  employed  as  a  purga- 
tive, being  rubbed  on  the  abdomen. 

Arthanita  Cyclamen,  Cyclamen. 

ARTHETICA,  Teuerium  chamajpitys. 

ARTHRAGRA,  Gout — a.  Anomala,  Gout,  an- 
omalous—  a.  Genuina,  Gout,  regular — a.  Legiti- 
ma,  Gout,  regular — a.  Normalis,  Gout,  regular — 
a.  Vera,  Gout,  regular. 

ARTHRALGIA,  Arthrodynia,  Gout.  See  Lead 
rheumatism. 

ARTHRELCO'SIS,  from  ap^pov,  'a  joint,'  and 
'eXk-wcri;,  'ulceration.'     Ulceration  of  a  joint. 

ARTHREMBOLE'SIS,  same  etymon  as  the 
next.     The  reduction  of  a  fracture  or  luxation. 

ARTHREM'BOLUS,  from  ap^pov,  'a  joint,' 
cv,  'in,'  and  (SaXXia,  'I  cast.'  An  ancient  instru- 
ment used  in  the  reduction  of  dislocations. 

ANTIIRETICA,  Teuerium  chamsepitys. 

ARTHRIT'IC,  Arthrit'ieus,  from  ap^pov,  'a 
joint.'  (F.)  Arthritique,  Goiitteux.  That  which 
relates  to  gout  or  arthritis,  as  arthritic  symp- 
toms, &c. 

ARTHRITICUS  VERUS,  Gout. 

ARTHRITIP'UGUM,-  from  arthritis,  'gout,' 
and  fvgare,  'to  drive  away.'  A  remedy  that 
drives  away  gout.  Heyden  terms  cold  water, 
internally,  the  arthritif'uqum  magnum. 

ARTHRITIS,  Gout,  Arthroph'logosis,  Arthro- 
sia  —  a.  Aberrans,  Gout  (wandering) — a.  Acuta, 
Gout  (regular)  —  a.  Arthrodynia,  Rheumatism, 
chronic — a.  Asthenica,  Gout  (atonic) — a.  Atonic, 
Gout  (atonic) — a.  Diaphragmatica,  Angina  Pec- 
toris— a.  Erratica,  Gout  (wandering) — a.  Hydrar- 
thros,  Hydrarthrus — a.  Inflammatoria,  Gout  (re- 
gular)— a.  Juvenilis,  see  Rheumatism,  acute — a. 
Maxillaris,  Siagonagra  —  a.  Nodosa,  Gout  (with 
nodosities) — a.  Planetica,  Gout  (wand?:-ing) — a. 
Podagra,  Gout — a.  Rheumatica,  see  Rheumatism, 
acute — a.  Rheumatismus,  Rheumatism,  acute  — 
a.  Retrograda,  Gout  (retrograde.) 

ARTHROC'ACE,  from  ap&pm',  'a  joint,'  and 
KaKug,  'bad.'  Disease  of  the  joints;  and  espe- 
cially carief!  of  the  articular  surfaces.  Spina 
veatosa. 

Arthrocvce  Coxarum,  Coxarum  morbus. 

ARTHR<)CACOLOG"IA,  from  arthroeacia  — 
according  to  Rust,  a  chronic  disease  of  the  joints ; 


and  \oyog,  '  a  description.'    The  doctrine  of  chro- 
nic diseases  of  the  joints. 

ARTHROCARCINO'MA,  from  ap&pov,  'a 
joint,'  and  KapKirwua,  '  cancer.'  Cancer  of  the 
joints. 

ARTHROCHONDRI'TIS,  fromapV-  'a 
joint,'  ^ov&pos,  'a  cartilage,'  and  itis,  denoting 
inflammation.  Inflammation  of  the  cartilages 
and  joints. 

ARTHRO'DIA,  from  ap^pov,  'a  joint.'  Adar- 
tictda'tio,  A  moveable  joint,  formed  by  the  head 
of  a  bone  applied  to  the  surface  of  a  shallow 
socket,  so  that  it  can  execute  movements  in  every 
direction.  Arthro'dium  is  '  a  small  joint :'  dimi- 
nutive of  Arthrodia. 

ARTHRODYN'IA,  Arthronal'gia,  ArthraV- 
gia,  from  ap^pov,  'articulation,'  and  oi5i)<'>7,  'pain.' 
Articular  pain.  Pain  in  the  joints.  See  Rheu- 
matism, chronic. 

Arthrodynia  Pobagrica,  Gout. 

ARTHROL'OGY,  Arthrolog"ia,  from  ap^pov, 
'  a  joint,'  and  Aoyoy,  '  a  description.'  A  descrip- 
tion of  the  joints.     The  anatomy  of  the  joints. 

ARTHROM'BOLE,  from  afSpov,  and  jSaXXu, 
'I  cast.'  Coaptation,  reduction.  Reduction  of 
a  luxated  or  fractured  bone. 

ARTHROMENINGITIS,  Meningarthrocace. 

ARTHRON,  'a  joint.'  The  ancients  used  the 
word  Arthron,  for  the  articulation  of  bones  with 
motion,  in  opposition  to  Symphysis,  or  articula- 
tion without  motion. 

ANTHRONALGIA,  ArthrodynH^ 

ARTHRON'CUS,  Arthrophy' ma ;  from  ap&pov, 
'  a  joint,'  and  oyxog,  '  a  swelling.'  Tumefaction 
of  a  joint. 

ARTHRONEMPYESIS,  Arthropyosis. 

ARTHROPHLOGO'SIS,  from  ap5pov,  'ajoint,' 
and  ^Xtyu),  'I  burn;'  Arthri'tis,  Ostarthro' sis. 
Inflammation  of  the  joints. 

ARTHROPHYMA  ADENOCHONDRIUM, 
see  Adenochondrius. 

ARTHROPYO'SIS,  Arthronempye' sis,  from 
ap^pov,  'ajoint,'  and  vvov,  'pus.'  Suppuration 
or  abscess  of  the  joints. 

ARTHRO-RHEUMATISMUS,  Rheumatism 
(acute.) 

ARTHRO'SIA,  from  ap$rpou>,  'I  articulate.' 
Arthritis,  (of  some.)  Inflammation,  mostly  con- 
fined to  the  joints;  severely  painful ;  occasionally 
extending  to  the  surrounding  muscles.  A  genua 
of  diseases  in  the  Nosology  of  Good,  including 
Rheumatism,  Gout,  Articular  inflammation,  Joi>it- 
ache,  (fcc. 

Arthrosia  Acuta,  Rheumatism,  acute  —  a. 
Chronica,  Rheumatism,  chronic — a.  Lumborum, 
Lumbago — a.  Podagra,  Gout — a.  Podagra  com- 
plicata.  Gout  (I'etrograde)  —  a.  Podagra  larvata, 
Gout  (atonic) — a.  Podagra  regularis.  Gout  (re- 
gular. ) 

ARTHROSIS,  Articulation. 

ARTHROSPON'GUS,  from  ap^ov,  'a  joint,' 
and  cnToyyog,  'a  sponge.'  A  white,  fungous  tu- 
mour of  the  joints. 

ARTHROTRAU'MA,  from  ap^pov,  'a  joint,' 
and  Tpav)ia,  'a  wound.'     A  wound  of  ajoint. 

AR'TIA.  According  to  some,  this  word  is  sy- 
nonymous with  apTTjpia ;  others  use  it  synony- 
mously with  Trachea. 

ARTWHAUT,  Cynara  scolymus. 

ARTICHOKE,  Cynara  scolymus. 

ARTICLE,  Articulation. 

ARTICOCALUS,  Cynara  scolymus. 

ARTICULAR,  Articula'ris:  from  artus,  'a 
joint;'  articrdus,  'a  small  joint.'  That  which  re- 
lates to  the  articulations;  —  as  the  articular  cap- 
sides,  &c. 

Articular  Arteries  of  the  Arm,  Circum- 
flex arteries  of  the  arm. 


AETICULATIO 


107 


ARTT^NA 


Artic'ular  Ar'teries  of  the  Kntie  arise 
from  the  popliteal  artery,  and  surround  the  tibio- 
femoral articulation.  Although  of  a  small  size, 
they  are  important,  as  they  furnish  blood  to  the 
lower  extremity  after  the  operation  for  popliteal 
aneurism.  They  are  distinguished  into  sujjerior 
and  inferior.  The  sxqjerior  articular  arteries, 
po2)liteal  articular  arteries,  are  commonly  three 
in  number;  one  of  which  is  internal,  another  ex- 
ternal, and  another  middle,  the  az'ygous  artic'- 
nlar.  The  first,  liamus  anastomot'icus  niagnus, 
anastomoses  by  one  branch  with  the  external  cir- 
cumflex ;  and  by  another  with  the  external  supe- 
rior articular.  The  second  anastomoses  with  the 
external  circumflex,  the  superior  internal  arti- 
cular, and  the  inferior  external  articular  ;  and 
the  third  is  distributed  within  the  joint.  The  in- 
ferior articular  arteries  are  two  in  number:  an 
internal  and  external.  The  former  anastomoses 
with  the  internal  superior  articular  and  the  ex- 
ternal inferior  articular.  The  latter  anastomoses 
with  the  recurrent  branch  of  the  anterior  tibial, 
and  the  external  superior  articular.  To  each 
articular  artery  there  is  an  artididar  nerve. 

Artic'ular  Facettes'  are  the  contiguous 
surfaces,  by  means  of  which  the  bones  are  arti- 
culated. 

Articular  Processes,  see  Vertebras. 

Artic'ular  Veins  of  the  knee  follow  the 
same  course  as  the  arteries. 

ARTICULATIO,  Articulation— a.  Artificialis, 
Pseudarthrosis — a.  Notha,  Pseudarthrosis. 

ARTICULA'TIOISr,  Joint,  Articula'tio,  Ar- 
thro'sis,  Assarthro'sis,  Artic'idus,  Junctu'ra,  Cola, 
Oonjunc'tio,  Nodus,  Commissu'ra,  Qompa'ges, 
Syntax' is,  Har'mus,  Vertic'ula,  Vertic'idus,  Ver- 
tic'uhim,  (F.)  Articulation,  Article.  Same  ety- 
mon. The  union  of  bones  with  each  other,  as 
well  as  the  kind  of  union. 

table  of  articulations. 

Articulations  are  generally  divided  into  Diar- 
ihroses  or  moveable  articulations,  and  Synar- 
throses or  immoveable. 

1.  Amphiarthrosis. 

2.  Diaithrosis,  orbicu-  I  Enarthrosis. 
Diarlhroses.     ■(         lar  vas;ue.  /  Anhroiiia. 

I  3.  Alternative  or  Ginglymus,  which 

(^         admits  of  varieties. 

f  1.  Suture. 

„         .,  !  2.  Harmonv. 

Synarthroses.    <!  3.  comphosis. 

4.  Schindylesis. 


I 


The  articulations  are  subject  to  a  number  of 
diseases,  which  are  generally  somewhat  severe. 
These  may  be  physical,  as  wounds,  sprains,  luxa- 
tions, &c.;  or  they  may  be  organic,  as  ankylosis, 
extraneous  bodies,  caries,  rheumatism,  gout,  hy- 
drarthroses, arthropyosis,  &c. 

Articulation  means  also  the  combination  of 
letters  which  constitute  words.     See  Voice. 

Articulation,  False,  Pseudarthro' sis,  Artic'- 
vlus  falsus,  (F.)  A.  fausse,  A.  accidentelle,  A. 
contre  nature,  A.  anormale.  A  false  joint,  formed 
between  fragments  of  bone,  that  have  remained 
ununited ;  or  between  a  luxated  bone  and  the 
surrounding  parts.  ^ 

ARTIOULATION  EN  CHARNIERE,  Gin- 
glymus— a.  de  la  Hanche,  Coxo-femoral  articula- 
tion. 

ARTICULI  DIGITORUM  MANUS,  Phalan- 
ges of  the  fingers — a.  Digitorum  pedis.  Phalanges 
of  the  toes. 

ARTICULO  MORTIS,  see  Psychorages  —  a. 
Spinalis,  Semispinalis  colli. 

ARTIFICIAL,  Artificia'lis,  (F.)  Artificiel ; 
from  ars,  artis,  'art,'  and /acere,  'to  make.'  That 
which  is  formed  by  art. 


Aruficial  Eyes  are  usually  made  of  enamt'l, 
and  represent  a  sort  of  hollow  hemisphere,  which 
is  applied  beneath  the  eyelids,  when  the  eye  is 
lost. 

Artificial  Teeth  are  made  of  ivory,  porce- 
lain, &G. 

PIECES  B'ANA  TOMIE  AR  TIFICIELL  ES, 
are  preparations  of  anatomy,  modelled  in  wax, 
plaster,  paper,  <fcc. 

ARTISCOCCUS  L^VIS,  Cynara  scolymus. 
ARTIS'CUS,   from   apro;,  'bread.'     See  Tro- 
chiscus.     A  troch  of  the  shape  of  a  small  loaf. 
Also,  and  especially,  a  troch  made  of  vipers. 

ARTOCAR'PUS.  The  Bread-fruit  Tree,  (F.) 
Jaquier.  A  Polynesian  tree,  so  called  because 
the  fruit,  which  is  milky,  and  juicy,  supplies  the 
place  of  bread  to  the  inhabitants.  It  grows  to 
the  height  of  40  feet. 
Artocarpus  Integrifolia,  Caoutchouc. 
ARTOC'REAS,  from  aproy,  'bread,'  and  Kpta^, 
'flesh.'  A  kind  of  nourishing  food  made  of  va- 
rious aliments  boiled  together. — Galen. 

ARTOG'ALA,  from  aproj,  'bread,'  and  ya\a, 
'  milk.'  An  alimentary  preparation  of  bread  and 
milk.     A  poultice. 

ARTOM'ELI,  from   a^ros,  'bread,'  and  ^eAj, 
'honey.'     A  cataplasm  of  bread  and  honey. — 
Galen. 
ARTUS,  Membrum. 
ARTYMA,  Aroma,  Condiment. 
ARUM,  A.  maculatum,  and  A.  triphyllum — a. 
Americanum  betoe  foliis,  Dracontium  foetidum. 

Arum  Dracun'culus,  Dracun' cuius  -polyphyV- 
lus,  Coluhri'na  Eracon'tia,  Erva  de  Sancta  Ma- 
ria, Gig'arus  serpenta'ria,  Arum  polyjjhyl'lum, 
Serpenta'ria  Gallo' rum.  Family,  AroidcEe.  Sex. 
Syst.  Moncecia  Polyandria.  The  roots  and  leaves 
are  very  acrimonious.  The  plant  resembles  the 
A.  macida'tum  in  its  properties. 

Arum  Esculen'tum,  CaJ^t'ditim  esculen'tum, 
Taro,  Kalo.  The  foliage  and  roots  possess  acrid 
qualities,  which  are  dissipated  by  baking  or  boil- 
ing ;  in  which  form  it  is  used  as  food  by  the 
people  of  Madeira,  the  Polynesians,  &c. 

Arum  Macula'tum,  Aran,  Arum  (of  the  older 
writers),  A.  vulga're,  Cuckow  Pint,  Barha  Aaro'- 
nis,  Serpenta'ria  minor,  Zin'giher  German'icum, 
Saeerdo'tis  ptenis,  IFaie  Rohin,  Priest's  pintle,  (F.) 
Gouet,  Pied  de  Veau.  The  fresh  root  is  stimu- 
lant internally.  Dose,  ^j.  of  the  dried  root. 
Externally,  it  is  very  acrid.  From  the  root  of 
this  Arum  a  starch  is  prepared,  which  is  called 
Portland  Island  Sago,  Gersa  serpenta'ricB„  Certis'- 
sa  serpenta'ricB,  Fec'ula  ari  macula'ti. 

Arum,  Three-Leaved,  Arum  triphyllum. 
Arum,  Triphyl'lum,  Three-leaved  arum,  (F.) 
Pied  de  Veau  triphylle,  Indian  Turnip,  Dragon 
Root,  Eragon  Turnip,  Pepper  Turnip.  This 
plant  grows  all  over  the  United  States,  and  is 
received  into  the  Pharmacopoeia  under  the  title 
Arum.  The  recent  root,  or  Cormtis — Arum,  (I'h. 
U.  S.) — is  very  acrimonious,  and  has  been  em- 
ployed in  asthma,  croup,  and  hooping-cough. 
Boiled  in  lard,  it  has  been  used  in  tinea  capitis, 
and  in  milk  in  consumption. 

Arum  Virginicum,   Peltandra  Virginica  —  a. 
Vulgare,  A.  maculatum. 
ARUMARI,  Caramata. 

ARUNDO  BAMBOS,  Bamboo  — a.  Braehii 
major,  Ulna  —  a.  Braehii  minor,  Radius  —  a.  In- 
dica,  Sagittarium  alexipharmacum  —  a.  Major, 
Tibia  —  a.  Minor,  Fibula  —  a.  Saccharifera,  see 
Saccharum. 
ARVA,  Ava. 

ARVUM,  Vulva— a.  Naturae,  Uterus. 
ART-ARTTENOID^US,  Arytencidasus— » 
Epiglotticus,  Arytajno-epiglotticus. 
AKYTiE'NA,  apvraiva,  '  a  ladle.'    Hence, 


ARYT^NO-EPIGLOTTICUS 


108 


ASCIA 


A  R TT  ^ '  N  0  - EPIGLOT'TICUS,  Arytm'no- 
enifjlottidce'vs,  Ary-epiglot'ticue.  That  which  he- 
longs  to  the  arytenoid  cartilages  and  epiglottis. 
Winslow  gives  this  name  to  small,  fleshy  fasci- 
culi, which  are  attached,  at  one  extremity,  to  the 
arytenoid  cartilages,  and,  by  the  other,  to  the  free 
edge  of  the  epiglottis.  These  fibres  do  not  al- 
ways exist.  They  form  part  of  the  arytenoid 
muscle  of  modern  anatomists. 

All'YTENOID,  ArytcBnoVdee,  Aryteno'idce'tis, 
from  aQvTaiva,  'a  ladle,'  and  tiios,  'shape.'  Ladle- 
shaped. 

Arytenoid  Cae'tilages,  Oartilag"{nea  aryte- 
noi'des,  0.  (/uttura'les,  C.  Gutturi'ncB,  C.  gutturi- 
for'nies.  G.  triq'uetrcB,  Guttur'nia,  are  two  carti- 
lages of  the  larynx,  situate  posteriorly  above  the 
cricoid,  which,  by  approximation,  diminish  the 
aperture  of  the  glottis.  Their  upper  extremi- 
ties or  cornua  are  turned  towards  each  other, 
and  are  now  and  then  found  loose,  in  the  form  of 
appendices,  which  are  considered,  by  some,  as 
distinct  cartilages,  and  termed  cuneiform  or  tu- 
herculated  Cartilages  or  C'ornic'ula  Laryn'gis. 

Arytenoid  Glands,  Gland'ulm  Arytenoidm' cb, 
are  small,  glandular,  whitish  bodies,  situate  an- 
terior to  the  A.  cartilages.  They  pour  out  a  mu- 
cous fluid  to  lubricate  the  larynx. 

ARYTENOIDuE'US,  (F.)  Arytenoidien.  A 
small  muscle,  which  passes  from  one  arytenoid 
cartilage  to  the  other,  by  its  contraction  brings 
them  together,  and  diminishes  the  aperture  of 
the  glottis.  Winslow  divided  the  muscle  into 
three  portions;  —  the  Arytenoida'us  transver'sus, 
or  Ary-aryfenoidce'us,  and  two  Arytenoidm' i  ob- 
li'qui. 

ARTTH'M,  Aryth'miis,  from  o,  privative,  and 
pvQ/jio;,  '  rhythm,'  '  measure.'  Irregular.  This 
word  is  applied  chiefly  to  the  pulse. 

ASA,  Asafoetida.     See  Assa. 

ASAFGE'TIDA,  Aasafoe' tida,  Assafet'ida,  Ster- 
cus  diah'oli,  Cibus  Deo'rum,  Asa,  Devil's  dung, 
Food  of  the  Gods.  A  gum-resin  —  the  concrete 
juice  of  Fer'ula  Assafce' tida,  Narthex  Assafan'- 
tida.  Order,  Umbellifersei  It  is  in  small  masses 
of  a  whitish,  reddish,  and  violet  hue,  adhering 
together.  Taste  bitter  and  subacrid:  smell  in- 
supportably  alliaceous.  The  Asiatics  use  it  re- 
gularly as  a  condiment. 

Its  medical  properties  are  antispasmodic,  sti- 
mulant, and  anthelmintic.  Dose,  gr.  v  to  xx,  in 
pill. 

ASAGRiEA  OFFICINALIS,  see  Veratrina. 

AS'APES,  '  crude,'  Asep'ton.  A  term  applied 
to  the  sputa,  or  to  other  matters  evacuated,  which 
do  not  give  signs  of  coction. 

ASAPH'ATUM,  from  a,  privative,  and  aa(pni, 
'  clear.'  This  term  has  been  applied  to  collec- 
tions in  the  sebaceous  follicles  of  the  skin,  which 
may  be  pressed  out  like  little  worms,  with  a  black 
head.     See  Acne. 

A  SAP  HI' A,  from  a,  privative,  and  ca<p:i;, 
'  clear.'  Dyspho'nia  immodula'ta  palati'na,  Pa- 
rapho'nia  guttura'lis ;  P.  palati'na*  Defective 
articulation,  dependent  upon  diseased  palate. — 
Hippocrates,  Vogel. 

ASARABACCA,  Asarum  —  a.  Broad-leaved, 
Asarum  Canadense. 

ASAR'CON,  from  a,  privative,  and  aap^,  'flesh.' 
Devoid  of  flesh.  Aristotle  uses  the  term  for  the 
head  when  it  ia  but  little  fleshy,  compared  with 
the  chest  and  abdomen. 

ASARET,  Asarum  —  a.  du  Canada,  Asarum 
Canadense. 

ASARI'TES,  from  acapov,  'the  asarum.*  A 
diuretic  wine,  of  which  asarum  was  an  ingredient. 
— Dioscorides. 

AS'ARUM,  from  a,  privative,  and  aatpctv,  'to 
adorn :'  because  not  admitted  into  the  ancient 


coronal  wreaths ;  As'arum  Europm'um,  A.  offici- 
na'le,  Nardus  Monta'na,  Nardus  Rust'ica,  Az'- 
arum,  (F.)  Asaret  ou  Cabaret,  Oreille  d'homme, 
Oreillette,  Girard-Roussin,  Nard  Sauvage.  Fain, 
Aroideffi.  Sex.  Syst.  Dodecandria  Monogynia, 
The  plant,  used  in  medicine,  is  the  As'arum  Eu- 
ropa'um,  Asarabac'ca,  and  of  this  the  leaves. 
They  are  emetic,  cathartic,  and  errhine,  but  are 
hardly  ever  employed,  except  for  the  last  purpose. 

Asarum  Canaden'se,  A.  CaroUnia'num,  Ca- 
nada Snakeroot,  Wild  Ginger, 'Colics  Foot,  Broad- 
leaf  Asarabacca,  Indian  Ginger,  Heart  Snake- 
root,  (F.)  Asaret  du  Canada.  The  root  As'arum, 
(Ph.  U.  S.)  is  used  as  a  substitute  for  ginger,  and 
is  said  to  act  as  a  warm  stimulant  and  dia- 
phoretic. 

Asarum  Carolinianum,  A.  Canadense  —  a. 
Europseum,  see  Asarum — a.  Hypocistis,  Cytinua 
hypoeistis — a.  OflBcinale,  see  Asarum. 

ASBESTOS  SCALL,  see  Eczema  of  the  hairy 
scalp. 

ASCAIN,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Ascain 
is  a  vUlage,  situate  about  a  league  from  St.  Jean- 
de-Luz,  in  France.     The  water  is  a  cold  chaly- 

AS'CARDAMYC'TES,  from  a,  privative,  and 
cKap&ajivTTu),  'I  twinkle  the  eyes.'  One  who  starea 
with  fixed  eyes,  without  moving  the  eyelids. — 
Hippocrates. 

ASCARICIDA  ANTHELMINTICA,  Verno- 
nia  anthelmintica. 

ASCARIDE  LOMBRICOIBE,  Ascaris  lum- 
bricoides — a.  Vermiculaire,  Ascaris  vermicularis. 

AS'CARIS,  pi.  ASCAR'IDES,  from  aarapt^id, 
'I  leap.'  A  genus  of  intestinal  worms,  charac- 
terized by  a  long,  cylindrical  body,  extenuated 
at  the  extremities ;  and  having  a  mouth  furnished 
with  three  tubercles,  from  which  a  very  short 
tube  is  sometimes  seen  issuing.  Formerly,  there 
were  reckoned  two  varieties  of  the  Ascaris — the 
As'caris  lumbrico'i'des,  Lumbri'cus,  L.  teres  Jiom'- 
inis,  Seolex,  As'caris  gigas  hom'inis,  (F.)  Lombri- 
co'ide,  Ascaride  lombrico'ide,  Lombric,  L.  Teres, 
or  long  round  worm  ,•  and  the  As'caris  Vermicu- 
la'ris — the  Ascaris  proper — the  thread  ivorm  or 
mate  worm.  The  former  is  alone  included  under 
the  genus,  at  present — a  new  genus  having  been 
formed  of  the  A.  vermicularis,  under  the  name 
Oxyuris.  It  is  the  Oxyu'ris  vermicula'ris,  (F.) 
Ascaride,  A.  vermiculaire,  Oxyure  vermiculaire. 

A  new  species  of  entozoa  has  been  found  by 
Dr.  Bellingham,  the  As'caris  ala'ta. 

Ascaris  Alata,  see  Ascaris  —  a.  Gigas  ho- 
minis,  see  Ascaris — a.  Lumbricoides,  see  Ascaris 
— a.  Trichuria,  Trichocephalus — a.  Vermicularis, 
see  Ascaris. 

AS'CELES,  As'keles,  Carens  cru'ribus,  from  o, 
privative,  and  aKcXog,  'a  leg.'  One  who  has  no  legs. 

ASCELLA,  Axilla. 

ASCEN'DENS,  from  ascendere,  (ad  and  scan- 
dere,)  'to  ascend.'  (F.)  Ascendant.  Parts  are 
thus  called,  which  are  supposed  to  arise  in  a  re- 
gion lower  than  that  where  they  terminate. 
Thus,  Aorta  ascendens  is  the  aorta  from  its  ori- 
gin to  the  arch  :  Vena  cava  ascendens,  the  large 
vein  which  carries  the  blood  from  the  inferior 
parts  to  the  heart :  Obliquus  ascendens  (muscle,) 
the  lesser  oblique  muscle  of  the  abdomen,  <tc. 

ASCEN'SUS  MORBL  The  period  of  increase 
of  a  disease. 

ASCESIS,  Exercise. 

ASCniL,  Scilla. 

ASCHISTODAC'TYLUS,  Syndae'tyhis:  from 
a,  privative,  (r;;^(fTOf,  'cleft;'  and  iaKTvXo;,  'a 
finger.'  A  monster  whose  fingers  are  not  sepa- 
rated from  one  another. — Gurlt. 

AS'CIA,  Axine,  'an  axe,'  Scepar'nos,  Dol'abra, 
Fas'cia  spira'lis.   Name  of  a  bandage  mentioned 


ASCILLA 


109 


ASPEN 


by  Hippocrates  and  Galen,  and  figured  by  Scul- 
tetus,  in  the  shape  of  an  axe  or  hatchet. — Galen. 
See  Doloire. 

ASCILLA,  Axilla. 

ASCI'TES,  from  a<7(i-o?,  '  a  bottle  :'  — ^sH'ies, 
Hydroce'le  Peritoncs'i,  Hydrops  Abdom'inis,  H. 
Ascites,  Hydragas'ter,  Hydroperitone' um,  Hydro- 
coe'lia,  Hydre'trum,  Ascli'tes,  Ooelioch'ysis,  Brojisy 
of  the  loieer  belly,  Dropsy  of  the  Peritone'um,  (F.) 
Ascite,  Hydro-peritonie,  Hydropisie  duJBas-ventre. 
A  collection  of  serous  fluid  in  the  abdomen.  As- 
cites proper  is  dropsy  of  the  peritoneum ;  and  is 
characterized  by  increased  size  of  the  abdomen, 
by  fluctuation  and  the  general  signs  of  dropsy. 
It  is  rarely  a  primary  disease ;  but  is  always 
flangerous,  and  but  little  susceptible  of  cure. 
Most  generally,  it  is  owing  to  obstructed  circu- 
lation in  some  of  the  viscera,  or  to  excitement  of 
the  vessels  of  the  abdominal  organs.  The  treat- 
paent  is  essentially  the  same  as  that  of  other  drop- 
sies. Paracentesis,  when  had  recourse  to,  can 
only  be  regarded  as  a  palliative. 

Dropsy  of  the  peritoneum  may  also  be  saccated 
or  in  cysts,  and  occasionally  the  fluid  accumulates 
exterior  to  the  peritoneum,  Hydrepicjas'trium. 
When  in  cysts  it  is  termed  Hydrocys' tis.  Hydrops 
abdom'inis  sacca'ttis,  H.  cys'ticus  and  Asci'tes 
aacca'tiis. 

Ascites  Hepato-Cystictis,  Turgeseentia  vesi- 
culse  felleffi — a.  Ovarii,  Hydrops  ovarii — a.  Puru- 
lentus,  Pyoccelia — a.  Faccatus,  see  Ascites,  Hy- 
droarion,  and  Hydrops  ovarii. 

ASCLEPI'AD^,  Asclepi'.ades;  from  Ao-^cXiyTrtoj, 
*  ^sculapius.'  The  priest  physicians,  who  served 
In  the  ancient  temples  of  ^sculapius,  and  who 
took  their  name  from  being  his  descendants. 

ASGLEPIADE,  Asclepias  vineetoxicum. 

aSCLEPIAS  ALBA,  A.  vineetoxicum  —  a. 
Ajrocynum,  A.  Syriaca. 

Ascle'pias  Asthmat'ica,  Cy nan' chum Ipecacu- 
an'ha,  (F.)  Ipecacuanha  blanc  de  Vile  de  France. 
A  creeping  plant  of  the  Isle  of  France,  regarded 
as  a  specific  in  asthma. 

Asclepias  Crispa,  Gomphocarpus  crispus. 

Asclepias  Curassav'ica,  Bastard  Ipecacu- 
anha, Redhead,  Bloodweed.  The  leaves  are 
emetic  in  the  dose  of  one  or  two  scruples.  It 
is  the  Ipecacuanha  blanc  of  St.  Domingo. 

Asclepias  Dectjm'bens;  the  root.  Escharotic, 
cathartic,  sudorific,  diuretic. 

Asclepias,  Flesh-coloured,  A.  Incarnata. 

Asclepias  Gigante'a.  The  milky  juice  is 
very  caustic.  It  is  used  in  Malabar  against 
herpes;  and,  mixed  with  oU,  in  gout.  See 
Mudar. 

Ascle'pias  Incarna'ta,  Flesh-coloured  ascle- 
pias. The  root  of  this  plant,  which  grows  in  all 
parts  of  the  United  States,  has  the  same  virtues 
as  A.  Syriaca. 

Asclepias  Obovata,  A.  Syriaca. 

Asclepias  Proc"era  (?)  Beidelossar ;  Bei- 
delsar.  An  Egyptian  plant,  the  leaves  of  which 
are  made  into  a  plaster,  and  applied  to  indolent 
tumours.  The  milky  juice  is  caustic,  and  is  used 
as  such. 

Asclepias  Pseudosarsa,  Hemidesmus  In- 
dicus — a.  Pubescens,  A.  Syriaca. 

Asclepias  Syriaca,  A.  pubes'cens,  A.  apoc"y- 
vum,  A.  obova'ta  seu  tomento'sa.  Common  Silk- 
ueed.  Milk  Weed,  (F.)  Herbe  d  la  houette.  The 
cortical  part  of  the  root  has  been  given,  in  pow- 
der, in  asthmatic  and  pulmonic  afi^ections  in  ge- 
neral, and,  it  is  said,  with  success. 

Ascle'pias  Sullivan'tii,  Smooth  Milkweed, 
Silkweed:  indigenous,  possesses  the  same  virtues 
as  the  next. 

Asclepias  Tomentosa,  A.  Syriaca, 

Asci«'''iAS  TuBERO'SA^  Butterfly  Weed,  Pkv- 


risy  Boot,  Flux  Boot,  Wind  Boot,  White  Boot, 
Orange  Swallow  Boot,  Silk  Weed,  Canada  Boot, 
Orange  Apoc"ynum,  Tuberous  Booted  Swal'low 
Wort.  Nat.  Ord.  Asclepiadese.  Sex.  Syst.  Pen- 
tandria  Digynia.  Said  to  have  been  first  recom- 
mended by  the  Asclepiades.  In  Virginia  and  the 
Carolinas,  the  root  of  this  plant  has  been  long 
celebrated  as  a  remedy  in  pneumonic  affections. 
It  is  sudorific,  and  the  powder  acts  as  a  mild 
purgative.  Its  chief  powers  are  said  to  be  expec- 
torant, diaphoretic,  and  febrifuge.  It  is  occa- 
sionally given  to  relieve  pains  of  the  stomach 
from  flatulency  and  indigestion. 

Asclepias  Vincetox'icum,  A.  Alba,  Cynan'- 
chum  Vincetox'icum,  Vincetox'icum,  V.  Ojfficina'le, 
Hirundina'ria,  Apoc"ynum  Novm  An'glice  hirsn- 
tiwi,  &c..  Swallow-  Wart,  White  Sicallow-  Wort, 
(F.)  Asclepiade,  Bompte-venin. 

The  root  is  said  to  be  stimulant,  diuretic,  and 
emmenagogue,  but  is  hardly  ever  used. 

ASCLEPIASMUS,  Hfemorrhois. 

ASCLITES,  Ascites. 

ASCO'MA,  from  aoKo^,  'a  bottle.'  The  emi- 
nence of  the  pubes  at  the  period  of  puberty  in 
females. — Kufus  of  Ephesus. 

ASE,  Anxiety. 

ASELLT,  Onisci  aselli. 

ASELLUS,  Oniscus. 

ASE'MA  CRISIS,  Kpio-ij  aurifia,  from  a,  priva- 
tive, and.<ri;/<a,  'a  sign.'  A  crisis  occurring  unex- 
pectedly an  dwith  out  the  ordinary  precursory  signs, 

ASEPTON,  Asapes. 

ASH,  BITTER,  Quassia  — a.  Blue,  Fraxinus 
quadrangulata  —  a.  Mountain,  Sorbus  acuparia 
— a.  Prickly,  Aralia  spinosa,  Xanthoxylum  clava 
Herculis — a.  Prickly,  shrubby,  Xanthoxylum 
fraxineum  —  a.  Stinking,  Ptelea  trifoliata  — ^a^ 
Tree,  Fraxinus  excelsior — a.  White,  Fraxinus 
Americana. 

ASIT"IA,  from  a,  privative,  and  ciros,  '  food.' 
Abstinence  from  food.  "Want  of  appetite, — Fas- 
tid'ium  cibo'rum,  Apoclei' sis, 

ASIUS  LAPIS,  Assius  Lapis. 

ASJAGAN,  As'jogam.  An  Indian  tree,  the 
juice  of  whose  leaves,  mixed  with  powdered 
cumin  seeds,  is  employed  in  India  in  colic. 

ASJOGAM,  Asjagan. 

ASKELES,  Asceles. 

ASKITES,  Ascites. 

ASO'DES,  Asso'des,  from  aan,  'disgust,'  'sati- 
ety.' A  fever  accompanied  with  anxiety  and 
nausea;  Fe'bris  aso'des  vel  azo'des. 

ASPALASO'MUS,  from  a<r7raAa|,  'a mole,' and 
(Xio/ia,  'body.'  A  genus  of  monsters  in  which 
there  is  imperfect  development  of  the  eyes. — 
I.  G.  St.  Hilaire.  Also,  a  malformation,  in  which 
the  fissure  and  eventration  extend  chiefly  upon 
the  lower  part  of  the  abdomen  ,•  the  urinary  ap- 
paratus, genitals  and  rectum  opening  externally 
by  three  distinct  orifices. — Vogel. 

ASPALTUM,  Asphaltum. 

ASPARAGINE,  see  Asparagus. 

ASPAR'AGUS,  Aspar'agus  officina'lis.  Com- 
mon Asparagus,  Spar'agus,  Sper'agus,  Sparrow 
Grass,  Grass.  Nat.  Ord.  Asphodeleee.  Sex.  Syst. 
Hexandria  Monogynia.  Aspar'agi  officina'lis  Tu^ 
rio'nes,  (F.)  Asperge.  The  fresh  roots  are  diu- 
retic, perhaps  owing  to  the  immediate  crystal- 
lizable  principle,  Asparagine.  The  young  shoots 
are  a  well  known  and  esteemed  vegetable  diet. 
They  communicate  a  p)eeuliar  odour  to  the  urine. 
A  syrup  made  of  the  young  shoots  and  an  extract 
of  the  roots  has  been  recommended  as  a  sedatiro 
in  heart  affections. 

ASPA'SIA.  A  ball  of  wood  soaked  in  an  in- 
fusion of  galls,  and  used  by  females  for  constring- 
ing  the  vagina. 

ASPEN,  AMERICAN,  Populus  tremuleidoi 
— a-  European,  Populus  treinula. 


ASPERA  ARTERIA 


110 


ASPLENIUM 


ASPERA  ARTERIA,  Trachea. 

ASPERGE,  Asparagus. 

ASPERITAS  ARTERIA  ASPERA,  Rau- 
eedo.  ,  ^ 

ASPERITE  DES  PAUPIERES,  Trachoma. 

ASPER'ITY,  Asper'itas,  roughness.  Asperi- 
ties are  inequalities  on  the  surfaces  of  bones, 
which  often  serve  for  the  insertion  of  fibrous 
organs. 

ASPERMATIA,  Aspermatismus. 

ASPERMATIS'MUS,  Asjyer'mia,  Asperma'tia, 
from  a,  privative,  and  airepjia,  '  spierm.'  Reflux 
of  sperm  from  the  urethra  into  the  bladder,  dur- 
ing the  venereal  orgasm. 

ASPEPtillA,  Aspermatismus. 

ASPERSIO,  Catapasma,  Fomentation. 

ASPER'SIOX,  Asper'sio,  from  aspergere  {ad 
and  spargere,)  'to  sprinkle,'  (F.)  Arrosement. 
Act  of  sprinkling  or  pouring  a  liquid  guttatim 
over  a  wound,  ulcer,  &c. 

ASPERULA,  Galium  aparine. 

Asper'ula  Odora'ta,  Oa'liura  odora'tum,  Ma- 
triayl'va,  Hepat'ica  stella'ta,  (F.)  Asperule  odo- 
rante  ouMuguet  des  hois,  Hepatique  etoilee.  Earn. 
Rubiaceag.  Sex.  Syst.  Tetrandria  Monogynia. 
Sweet-scented  Wood-roof.  Said  to  be  diuretic, 
deobstruent,  tonic,  and  vulnerary. 

ASPERULE  ODOR  ANTE,  Asperala  odo- 
rata. 

ASPHALTI'TES,  Nepliri'tes,  Neplri'tis,  Pri- 
ma Vertebra  lumha'ria,  same  etymon  as  asphal- 
tum.  A  name  given  by  some  to  the  last  lumbar 
vertebra. — Gorraeus. 

ASPHAL'TUM,  Nep'ta,  Arsal'tos,  Asphal'tum, 
from  ocr^aXi^Efv,  'to  strengthen.'  With  the  Greeks, 
this  word  signified  any  kind  of  bitumen.  It  is 
now  restricted  chiefly  to  the  Bitu'men  op  Jc- 
DjE'A,  B.Jiida'icum,  A.  sol'idum,  Jews'  Pitch,  Ka- 
raite of  Sodom,  (F.)  Asphalte.  It  is  solid,  friable, 
vitreous,  black,  shining,  inflammable,  and  of  a 
fetid  smell.  An  oU  is  obtained  from  it  by  distil- 
lation. It  enters  into  the  composition  of  certain 
ointments  and  plasters. 

It  is  collected  on  the  surface  of  the  water  of 
the  Dead  Sea  or  Lake  Asphaltites,  in  Jud^a. 

ASPHARINE,  Galium  aparine. 

ASPHOD'ELUS,  A.  Ramo'sus,  A.  Alhw,  A.  Ma- 
ris, Has' tula  Regis,  (F.)  Lis  aspiliodele.  The  bulbs 
of  this  southern  European  plant  have  an  acrimony 
which  they  lose  in  boiling  water.  They  contain 
a  fecula  with  which  bread  has  been  made,  and 
have  been  considered  diuretic.  They  have  been 
used  as  a  succedaneum  for  the  squill. 

ASPHTX'IA,  from  a,  priv.,  and  c<pv^ig,  'pulse,' 
De/ec'tus Pulsus,  Acrotis'mus,  Sidera'tio,  Sydera'- 
tio.  For  a  long  time,  Asphyxia  was  confined  to 
the  sense  of  '  suspension  of  circulation  or  Syn- 
cope.' It  now  generally  means  suspiended  ani- 
mation, produced  by  the  nonconversion  of  the 
venous  blood  of  the  lungs  into  arterial  Ap- 
noe'a,  Apneus'tia,  Apna:aspliyx' ia,  AnhcBmato'- 
sia,  Ec'lysis  pneumo-eardi'aca.  Owing  to  the 
supply  of  air  being  cut  off,  the  unchanged  venous 
blood  of  +he  pjulmonary  artery  passes  into  the 
minut«  radicles  of  the  pjulmonary  veins,  but  their 
peculiar  excitability  requiring  arterial  blood  to 
excite  them,  stagnation  takes  place  in  the  pul- 
monary radicle^  and  death  occurs  cniefly  from 
this  cause,  —  not  owing  to  venous  blood  being 
distributed  through  the  system,  and  'poisoning" 
it,  as  was  the  idea  of  Bichat.  Qarus  asphyx'ia, 
3for8  appa'rens,  Mors  putati'va,  Pseudothan'atos, 
Apparent  death,  (F.)  Mort  apiparente,  is  charac- 
terized by  suspension  of  respiration,  of  the  cere- 
bral functions,  &c.  Several  varieties  of  Asphyxia 
bave  been  designated. 

1.  AsPHTx'iA  or  THE  New-Born,  a.  neonato'- 
nisi.    This  is  often  dependent  rjon  the  feeble 


condition  of  the  infant,  not  permitting  respiration 
to  be  established. 

2.  Asphy'ia  bt  Xoxiotts  Inhala'tioit  or  in- 
halation of  gases,  some  of  which  cause  death  by 
producing  a  spasmodic  closure  of  the  glottis : 
others  by  the  want  of  oxygen,  and  others  ai-o 
positively  deleterious  or  poisonous. 

3.  Asphyx'ia  by  Strangula'tion  or  Suffoca'- 
tian ;  produced  by  mechanical  impediment  to 
respiration,  as  in  strangulation. 

4.  Asphyx'ia  by  Submer'siox,  A.  hy  droicn- 
ing,  A.  Immerso' rum.,  as  occurs  in  the  drowned, 
who  perish  in  consequence  of  the  medium  in 
which  they  are  plunged,  being  unfit  for  respii-a- 
tion.     See  Submersion. 

Mr.  Chevalier  has  used  the  term  Asphyx'ia 
Idiopath' ica,  for  fatal  syncope  owing  to  relaxa- 
tion of  the  heart.     See  Suffocation. 

Asphyx'ia  IiiMERSORrM,  A.  by  submersion — 
a.  Local : — see  Gangrene — a.  Neonatorum,  A.  of 
the  new-born — a.  Pestilenta  : — see  Cholera — a. 
Pestilential : — see  Cholera. 

ASPHYX'IAL.  Relating  to  asphyxia — as  'a«- 
phyxial  phenomena.' 

ASPHYXIE  EES  PARTIES,  Gangrene— 
a.  Lente  des  nouveau-nes,  Induration  of  the  cel- 
lular tissue. 

ASPHYX'IED,  Asphyxiated,  same  etymon. 
In  a  state  of  asphyxia. 

ASPIC,  Aspis  ;  also,  Lavendula. 

ASPIDISCOS,  Sphincter  ani  externus. 

ASPID'IUM  ATHAMAN'TICUM.  A  South 
African  fern,  Nat.  Ord.  Filices,  which  is  pos- 
sessed of  anthelmintic  properties.  Its  caudex,  in 
the  form  of  powder,  infusion,  or  electuary,  has 
been  found  excellent  in  helminthiasis,  and  espe- 
cially in  tapeworm. 

AspiDiuM  CoRiACETJM,  Calagualse  radix  —  a, 
Depastum,  Polypodium  filix  mas — a.  Discolor,  see 
Calagualaj  radix  —  a.  Erosum,  Polypodium  filix 
mas — a.  Filix  foemina,  Asplenium  fills  fcemina — 
a.  Ferrugineum,  see  Calagualse  radix  —  a.  Filix 
mas,  Polypodium  filix  mas. 

ASPIRATIO,  Inspiration. 

ASPIRA'TION,  Ads2nra'tio,  Aspira'tio,  from 
aspiirare  [nd  and  spirare)  'to  breathe.'  The 
French  sometimes  use  the  term  synonymously 
with  inspiration.  It  also  means  the  act  of  at- 
tracting or  sucking  like  a  pump.  Imbibition. 
Also,  the  pronunciation  of  a  vowel  with  a  full 
breath. 

ASPIS,  atrrij.  A  name  given  by  the  ancients 
to  a  venomous  serpent — the  Egyptian  viper  of 
Lacepede,  (F.)  Aspic.  Its  bite  is  very  dangerous, 
and  it  is  supposed  to  have  been  the  reptOe  which 
Cleopatra  used  for  her  destruction. 

ASPLE'NIUM,  from  a,  priv.,  and  tnrXrjv,  'the 
spleen.'     Sp)leenwort,  Miltwaste. 

AsPLEMiuM  AuREUM,  A.  ccterach. 

Asple'nitjm  Cet'erach,  a.  ait'reiim  sen  lati- 
fo'lium,  Gymnogram'me  ceierach,  Doradil'ln, 
Blechnum  squamo'snm,  Scolopen' dria ,  Athyr'ion, 
Cet'erach  officina'rum  seu  canarien'sis,  Grammi'- 
tes  cet'erach  seu  au'rea,  Gynop'tcris  ceteraeh,  Vit- 
ta'ria  ceteraeh,  (F.)  Boradille.  Supposed  to  bo 
subastringent  and  mucilaginous,  and  has  been 
recommended  as  a  pectoral.  It  has  also  been 
given  in  calculous  cases. 

Asple'nium  Filix  FcE'sriNA,  Polypo'dium  filix 
fasmina,  P.  molle  seu  denta'tum  seu  inci'sum  scvi 
trif'idxim,  Aspidiitmflix  foemina,  Athyr'ium  filix 
fcemina  seu  molle  seu  ova'tum  seu  trif'idum,  I'd- 
ris  palus'tris.  Female  fern,  Splcemcort,  (F.)  Foti- 
gire  femelle.  The  root  of  this  plant  resemble? 
that  of  the  male  fern,  and  is  said  to  possess  simi- 
lar anthelmintic  virtues.  The  name  female  fern 
is  also  given  to  Pteria  aquilina. 


ASPREDO 


111 


ASTHMA 


AsPLENiUM  Latifolium,  A.  ceteracli  —  a.  Mu- 
rale,  A.  ruta — a.  Obtusum,  A.  ruta  muraria. 

Asple'nium  Edta  Mura'ria,  A.  mura'le  seu 
ohtu'sum,  Paroni/ch'ia,  Phylli'tis  ruta  mura'ria, 
Scolopen' driiuii  ruta  mura'ria,  Wallrue,  White 
Maidenhair,  Tentwort,  Adian'tum  album,  Ruta 
mura'ria,  Sal' via  VittB,  (F.)  Eue  des  murailles, 
Sauve-vie.     Used  in  the  same  cases  as  the  last. 

Asple'xium  Scolopen'drium,  Scolopeudrium 
officina' rum  seu  lingua  seu  phylli'tis  seu  vulga'- 
re,  Scolopen' dra,  Scolopen' dria.  Hart's  Tongue, 
Spleenivort,  Phylli'tis,  Lingua  cervi'na  Blechnum 
lignifo'lium,  (F.)  Scolopendre,  Langue  de  cerf. 
Properties  like  the  last. 

Asple'xium  Trichomanoi'des,  A.  Trichom'- 
anes,  Phylli'tis  roiundifo'lia,  Calyphyl'lum,  Tri- 
ehom'anes,  T.  crena'ta,  Adian'tum  ruhruw.  Com- 
mon Maidenhair,  Polyt'richum  commu'ne,  (F.) 
Poly  trie.     Properties  like  the  lost. 

ASPREDO,  Trachoma — a.  Miliacea,  Miliary 
fever. 

ASPR&LE,  Hippuris  vulgaris. 

ASSACOU,  Hura  Brasiliensis. 

ASSA  DOUX,  Beujamin — a.  Dulcis,  Benja- 
min— a.  Odorata,  Benjamin. 

ASSABA.  A  Guinea  shrub,  whose  leaves  are 
considered  capable  of  dispersing  buboes. 

ASSAFETIDA,  Asafoatida. 

ASSAFCETIDA,  Asafoetida. 

ASSAIERET.  A  compound  of  bitter,  stoma- 
chic, and  purgative  medicines  in  the  form  of  pill. 
— Avicenna. 

ASSAISONNEMENT,  Condiment. 

ASSAKUR,  Saecharum. 

ASSALA,  see  Myristica  moschata. 

ASSARTHROSIS,  Articulation. 

ASSA'TIO,  Optj'sis  The  boiling  of  food  or 
medicines  in  their  own  juice,  without  the  addi- 
tion of  any  liquid.  Various  kinds  of  cooking  by 
heat. — Galen. 

ASSELLA,  Axilla. 

AS'SERAC,  Assis.  A  preparation  of  opium 
or  of  some  narcotic,  used  by  the  Turks  as  an  ex- 
citant. 

ASSERCULUM,  Splint. 

ASSERVATION,  Conservation. 

ASSES'  MILK,  see  Milk,  asses. 

Asses'  Milk,  Artificial,  see  Milk,  asses. 

AS'SIDENS,  from  ad,  'to,'  and  sedere,  'to  be 
•eated.'  That  which  accompanies  or  is  eoncomi- 
ant.  An  epithet  applied  to  the  accessory  symp- 
toms, Assideu'tia  signa,  and  general  phenomena 

ASSIDENTIA  SIGNA,  see  Assidens. 

ASSIMILA'TIOiSr,  Assimila'tio,  Simila'tio, 
Appropria'tio,  Exomoio'sis,  Homoio'sis,  Threpsis, 
Threp'tice :  from  assimilare,  {ad,  and  similare,) 
'to  render  similar.'  The  act  by  which  living 
bodies  appropriate  and  transform  into  their  own 
substance  matters  with  which  they  may  be  placed 
in  contact. 

ASSIS,  Asserac. 

AB'SIUS  LAPIS,  A'siua  Lapis.  A  sort  of 
stone  or  earth  found  near  the  town  of  Assa  in 
the  Troad,  which  had  the  property  of  destroying 
proud  flesh. 

ASSODES,  Asodes. 

^-S'.S'O  UPISSEMENT,  Somnolency. 

ASSOURON,  see  Myr.us  Pimenta, 

ASSUETUDO,  Habit. 

ASSULA,  Splint. 

ASSULTUS,  Attack. 

ASSUMPTIO,  Prehension. 

ASTACI  FLUVIATILIS  CONCREMENTA, 
Cancrorum  chelae. 

ASTACUS  FLUVIATILIS,  Crab. 

ASTAKILLOS,  Araneum  ulcus. 

ASTAPuZOF.    An  ointment,  composed  of  li- 


tharge, frog's  spawn,  Ac.     Also,  campTinr,  dis- 
solved in  rose  water. — Paracelsus. 

ASTASIA,  Dysphoria. 

ASTER  ATTICUS,  Bubonium. 

Aster  Cordifolius,  Heart-leaved  Aster,  A. 
Puniceus,  Rough-stemmed  Aster,  and  other  indi- 
genous species,  Order  Compositse,  possess  aro- 
matic properties. 

Aster  Dysentericus,  Inula  dysenterica — a. 
Heart-leaved,  A.  cordifolius  —  a.  Ilelenium,  Inula    ' 
Helenium  —  a.  Inguinalis,  Eryngium  campestre 
—  a.  Officinalis,  Inula  helenium. 

Aster,  Rough-Stemmed,  A.  Puniceus  i— a. 
Undulatus,  Inula  dysenterica. 

ASTE'RIA  GEMMA,  Aste'rius,  Astroi'tes,  As'- 
trios,  Astroh'olus.  The  ancients  attributed  ima~ 
ginary  virtues  to  this  stone, — that  of  dispersing 
Nmvi  ITaterni,  for  example. 

ASTERIAS  LUTEA,  Gentiana  lutea. 

ASTEROCEPHALUS  SUCCISA,  Scabiosa 
succisa. 

ASTHENES,  Infirm. 

ASTHENI'A,  Vis  imminn'ta,  from  a,  priv., 
and  a^evos,  'force,'  'strength.'  Want  of  strength, 
debility.  (F.)  Affaiolissement.  Infirmity.  A 
word  used  in  this  sense  by  Galen,  and  employed, 
especially  by  Brown,  to  designate  debility  of  the 
whole  economy,  or  diminution  of  the  vital  forces. 
He  distinguished  it  into  direct  and  indirect:  the 
former  proceeding  from  diminution  of  stimuli; 
the  latter  from  exhaustion  of  incitability  by  the 
abuse  of  stimuli. 

Asthenia  Degltjtitionis,  Pharyngoplegia — a. 
Pectoralis,  Angina  Pectoris. 

ASTHENICOPYRA,  Fever,  adynamic. 

ASTHENICOPYRETUS,  Fever,  adynamic. 

ASTHENO'PIA,  Dehil'itas  visds,  (F.)  Affai- 
blissement  de  la  Vue,  from  a,  priv.,  cOtvoi, 
'strength,'  and  on//,  'the  eye.'  Weakness  of 
sight ;   Weah-sightedness. 

ASTHENOPYRA,  Fever,  adynamic,  Typhus. 

ASTHENOPYRETUS,  Fever,  adynamic. 

ASTHMA,  from  aadfia,  'laborious  breathing;' 
from  a<i>,  '  I  respire.'  A.  spas' ticum  adidto'rum, 
A.  Senio'rum,  A.  Convulsi'vum,  A.  spas'ticum  in- 
termit'tens,  Dyspnce'a  et  orthopnoe'a  convulsi'va, 
Ifalum  Cadu'cum  pidmo'num,  Brolcen-ioindednesn, 
Nervous  asthma,  (F.)  Asthme,  A.  iiervei(x.  Diffi- 
culty of  breathing,  recurring  at  intervals,  accom- 
panied with  a  wheezing  sound  and  sense  of  con- 
striction in  the  chest;  cough  and  expectoration. 

Asthma  is  a  chronic  disease,  and  not  curable 
with  facility.  Excitant  and  narcotic  antispas- 
modics are  required. 

There  are  no  pathognomonic  physical  signs  of 
asthma.  In  some  cases,  the  respiration  is  uni- 
versally puerile  during  the  attack.  In  the  spas- 
modic form,  the  respiratory  murmur  is  very  feeble 
or  absent  during  the  fit ;  and  in  all  forms  percus- 
sion elicits  a  clear  pulmonary  sound.  The  disease 
generally  consists  in  some  source  of  irritation,  and 
occasionally,  perhaps,  in  paralysis  of  the  pneu- 
mogastrie  nerves,  J^ronchoparaly'sis,  Paraly'ais 
nervi  vagi  in  parte  thorac"ica,  more  frequently 
of  the  former  —  all  the  phenomena  indicating 
consti-ietion  of  the  smaller  bronchial  ramifica- 
tions. The  treatment  is  one  that  relieves  spa.«- 
modic  action — narcotics,  counter-irritants,  change 
of  air,  Ac. 

Asthma  Acu'tum,  of  Millar,  A.  spas'ticum  in- 
fan'tum,  Oynan'che  Trachea'lis  spasmod'ien,  (F.) 
Asthme  aigu.  Probably,  spasmodic  croup.  {.') 
See  Asthma  Thymicum. 

Asthma  Aerium,  Pneumothorax — a.  Aerium 
ab  Emphysemate  Pulmonum,  Emphysema  of  the 
Lungs— a.  Arthriticum,  Angina  Pectoris. 

Asthma,  Cardiac.  Dyspnoea  dependent  upon 
disease  of  the  heart 


ASTHMATIC 


112 


ASTTPHIA 


Asthma  Contulsitum,  Angina  pectoris  —  a. 
Diapliragmaticum,  Angina  Pectoris — a.  Dolori- 
ficum,  Angina  pectoris  —  a.  Emphysematicum, 
Pneumothorax. 

Asthma,  Grinders',  Grinders'  Rot.  The  ag- 
gregate of  functional  phenomena,  induced  by  the 
inhalation  of  particles  thrown  off  during  the 
operation  of  grinding  metallic  instruments,  <fec. 
The  structural  changes  induced  are  enlargement 
of  the  bronchial  tubes,  expansion  of  the  pulmo- 
nary tissue,  and  phthisis. 

Asthma  Gypseum,  A.  pulverulentum — a.  Hay, 
Fever,  hay. 

Asthma  Hu'midum,  Humid,  Oommon,  or  Spit- 
ting asthma,  is  when  the  disease  is  accompanied 
with  expectoration.  It  is  also  called  A.  humo- 
ra'le,  A.  flatiden' turn,  A.  pneumon'icum,  Blenno- 
tho'rax  chron'icus,  &c. 

Asthma  Infantum,  Cynanehe  traehealis — a. 
Infantum  Spasmodicum,  A.  Thymicum — a.  Kop- 
pian,  A.  Thymicum  —  a.  Laryngeum  Infantum, 
A.  Thymicum — a.  Montanum,  A.  pulverulentum 
■ — a.  Nervous,  Asthma — a.  Nocturnum,  Incubus. 

Asthma  Pulvebulen'tum,  A.  gyp'seum,  A. 
monta'num.  The  variety  of  asthma  to  which 
millers,  bakers,  grinders  and  others  are  subject. 

Asthma  Siccum,  so  called  when  the  paroxysm 
is  sudden,  violent,  and  of  short  duration ;  cough 
slight,  and  expectoration  scanty ;  spasmodic  con- 
Btriction. 

Asthma  Spastico-Arthriticum  Inconstans, 
Angina  pectoris  —  a.  Spasticum  Infantum,  A. 
Thymicum. 

Asthma  Thy'micum,  A.  T.  Kop'pii,  A.  spas'ti- 
cum  infan'tum,  A.  infan'tum  spasmo'dicum,  Tliy- 
tnasth'ma,  Cynan'ehe  trachea'lis  spasmodJica, 
Spasmus  glot'tidis,  Asthma  larynge'um  infan'- 
tum, A.  intermit'tena  infan'tum,  A.  Dentien'tium, 
A.  period'icum  acu'tum,  Koppiaii  Asthma,  Thymic 
Asthma,  Laryngis'mus  strid'idus,  Laryngo-spas- 
mus,  Apnoe'a  infan'tum,  Spiasm  of  the  larynx, 
Spasm  of  the  glottis.  Croup-like  inspiration  of  in- 
fants. Child-crowing,  Spasmodic  croup,  Pseudo- 
croup,  Spu'rious  croup,  Cer'ehral  croup.  Suffocat- 
ing nervous  catarrh,  (F.)  Laryngite  striduleuse, 
Faux  Croup,  Pseudo-croup  nerveux,  Spasme  de  la 
Glotte  et  du  Thorax.  A  disease  of  infants,  cha- 
racterized by  suspension  of  respiration  at  inter- 
vals ;  great  difiBculty  of  breathing,  especially  on 
waking,  swallowing,  or  crying ;  ending  often  in  a 
fit  of  suffocation,  with  convulsions.  The  patho- 
logy of  the  disease  has  been  supposed  to  consist 
in  an  enlargement  of  the  thymus  gland,  or  of 
the  glands  of  the  neck  pressing  on  the  pneumo- 
gastric  nerves.  (?)  The  ear,  on  auscultation,  at  a 
distance  from  the  chest,  detects  an  incomplete, 
acute,  hissing  inspiration,  or  rather  cry ;  whilst 
the  expiration  and  voice  are  croupal,  both  at  the 
accession  and  termination  of  the  paroxysm.  The 
heart's  action  has  been  observed  to  be  distinct 
and  feeble. 

These  symptoms  are  often  accompanied  by  ri- 
gidity of  the  fingers  and  toes ;  the  thumb  being 
frequently  drawn  forcibly  into  the  palm  of  the 
clenched  hand,  whence  the  name  Carpo-pedal 
spiasm,  applied,  at  times,  to  the  disease. 

Asthma  Typicum.  Asthma  characterized  by 
pemdicity. 

Asthma  Uteri,  Hysteria — a.  Weed,  Lobelia 
inflata. 

ASTIIMAT'ir,  Asthmat'icus,  Pnoocolyt'icue, 
Affected  with  asthma.     Relating  to  asthma. 

ASTH3IE  AIGU,  Asthma  acutum  — a.  Ner- 
t.eiix,  Asthma. 

A.S'TOMUS,  from  a,  privative,  and  cTOfta,  'a 
Oiouth.'  One  without  a  mouth.  Pliny  speaks 
of  a  people  in  India  without  mouths,  who  live 
ij  'iKelatu  et  odore  ! 


ASTRAGALS  COL  jy,  Collum  astragali. 

ASTRAGALOIDES  SYPHILITICA,  Astra- 
galus exscapus. 

ASTRAG'ALUS,  Talus,  the  AnMe,  Qua'trio, 
Quar'tio,  Quater'nio,  Diab'ehos,  Peza,  Cavic'ula, 
Cavil'la,  Tetro'ros,  As'trion,  Os  Ballist'ce,  from 
aarpayaXos,  '  a  die,'  which  it  has  been  considered 
to  resemble.  (?)  A  short  bone  situate  at  the  su- 
perior and  middle  part  of  the  tarsus,  where  it  is 
articulated  with  the  tibia.  It  is  the  ankle  bone, 
sling  bone,  or  first  bone  of  the  foot.  The  anterior 
surface  is  convex,  and  has  a  well-marked  promi- 
nence, supported  by  a  kind  of  neck,  and  hence 
has  been  called  the  head  of  the  astragalus.  The 
astragalus  is  developed  by  two  points  of  ossifica- 
tion. 

Astrag'alhs  Exs'captjs,  AstragaloV des  ey- 
philit'ica,  Stemless  Ililk-vetch,  (F.)  Astragale  d 
gausses  velus.  Nat.  Ord.  Leguminosse.  Sex. 
Syst.  Diadelphia  Decandria.  The  root  is  said  to 
have  cured  confirmed  syphilis. 

Astrag'alhs  Tragacanthus,  see  Tragacanth. 

Astrag'alhs  Verus,  Spina  hirci,  Astrag'alus 
aculea'tus.  Goat's  thorn.  Milk-vetch.  The  plant 
which  affords  Gum  Trag'acanth.  See  Traga- 
cantha. 

ASTRANTIA,  Imperatoria — a.  Diapensia,  Sa- 
nicula. 

AS'TRAPE,  Corusca'tio,  Fulgur,  Fulmen, 
Lightning.  Galen  reckons  it  amongst  the  re- 
mote causes  of  epilepsy. 

ASTRIC'TION,  Astric'tio,  Stypsis,  Adstric'tio, 
Oonstric'tio,  from  astrtngere,  {ad  and  stringere,) 
'  to  constringe.'  Action  of  an  astringent  sub- 
stance on  the  animal  economy. 

ASTRICTORIA,  Astringents. 

ASTRINGENT  ROOT,  Comptonia  aspleni- 
folia. 

ASTRINGENTS,  Astringen'tia,  Adstricto'ria, 
Adstringen'tia,  Stryphna,  Catastal'tica,  Constrin- 
gen'tia,,  Oontrahen'tia,  Stegno'tica,  Syncrit'ica, 
Astricto'ria.  Same  etymon.  Medicines  which 
have  the  property  of  constringing  the  organic 
textures.  External  astringents  are  called  Styp- 
tics. 

The  following  are  the  chief  astringents  :  Aei- 
dum  Sulphuricum,  A.  Tannicum,  Alumen,  Ar- 
genti  Nitras,  Catechu,  Creasoton,  Cupri  Sul- 
phas, Tinct.  Ferri  Chloridi,  Liquor  Ferri,  Nitra- 
tis,  Ferri  Sulphas,  Gallse,  Hsematoxylon,  Kino, 
Krameria,  Liquor  Calcis,  Plumbi  Acetas,  Quercus 
Alba,  Quercvis  Tinctoria,  Zinci  Sulphas, 

ASTRION,  Astragalus. 

ASTRIOS,  Asteria  gemma. 

ASTROBLES,  from  acrrpov,  'a  star,'  and  /SaAAu, 
'I  strike.'  One  struck  by  the  stars  (sidera'tus.) 
One  who  is  in  a  state  of  sideration  — -in  an  apo- 
plectic state. — Gorrseus. 

ASTROBOLIS'MUS,  Heli'asis,  Helio'sis ; 
same  etymology.  Sidera'tion  or  action  of  the 
stars  on  a  person.  Apoplexy.  —  Theophrastus, 
Gorrseus. 

ASTROBOLOS,  Asteria  gemma. 

ASTROITIS,  Asteria  gemma. 

ASTROL'OGY,  Astrolog"ia,  from  aarpov,  'a 
star,'  and  \oyog,  'a  discourse.'  The  art  of  divin- 
ing by  inspecting  the  stars.  This  was  formerly 
considered  to  be  a  part  of  medicine ;  and  was 
called  Judicial  Astrology,  to  distinguish  it  from 
astronomy. 

ASTRON'OMY,  Astronom.'ia,  from  aarpov,  'a 
star,'  and  vono^,  'a.  law,'  'rule'  A  science  which 
makes  known  the  heavenly  phenomena,  and  the 
laws  that  govern  them.  Hippocrates  places  this 
and  astrology  amongst  the  necessary  studies  of 
a  physician. 

ASTRUTIIIUM,  Imperatoria. 

ASTYPHIA,  Impotence. 


ASTYSIA 


113 


ATLAS 


ASTYSIA,  Impotence. 

ASUAR,  Myrobalanus  Indica. 

ASULCI,  Lapis  lazuli. 

ASYNODIA,  Impotence. 

ATACTOS,  Erratic. 

ATARACTAPOIE'SIA,  Ataracfop'oe'sia,  from 
o,  privative,  TapuKTo?,  '  troubled,'  and  izoutv,  '  to 
make.'  Intrepidity,  iirmuess;  a  quality  of  wMch, 
according  to  Hippocrates,  the  pli3'sician  oiight  to 
be  possessed  in  the  highest  degree. 

ATARAX'IA,  from  a,  privative,  and  ropafiy, 
'  trouble,'  '  emotion.'  Moral  tranquillity,  peace 
of  mind. 

AT'AVISM,  from  atavus,  'an  old  grandsire  or 
ancestor,  indefinitely.'  The  case  in  -which  an 
anomaly  or  disease,  existing  in  a  family,  is  lost 
in  one  generation  and  reappears  in  the  following. 

ATAX'IA,  from  a,  privative,  and  ra^is,  'order.' 
Disorder,  irregularity.  Hippocrates  employs  the 
word  in  its  most  extensive  acceptation.  Galen 
applies  it,  especially,  to  irregularity  of  pulse ; 
and  Sydenham  speaks  of  Ataxia  Sinrituum  for 
disorder  of  the  nervous  system.  Ataxia,  now, 
usually  means  the  state  of  disorder  that  charae-' 
terizes  nervous  fevers,  and  the  nervous  condition. 

Ataxia  Spirituum,  Kervous  diathesis.  See 
Ataxia. 

ATAX'IC.  Atax'icus  ;  same  etymon.  Having 
the  characters  of  ataxia. 

ATCHAR,  A'chiu,  Achar.  A  condiment  used 
ia  India.  It  is  formed  of  green  fruits  of  various 
kinds,  —  garlic,  ginger,  mustard,  and  pimento, 
pickled  in  vinegai'. 

ATECNIA,  Sterilitas. 

ATELECTASIS,  from  arcXvs,  'imperfect,  de- 
fective,' and  cKTaais,  '  dilatation.'  Imperfect  ex- 
pansion or  dilatation ;  as  in 

Atelec'tasis  Pulmo'xi'm,  Pneumonatelec'ta- 
eh,  Pneumatelec'tasis.  Imperfect  expansion  of 
the  lungs  at  birth,  from  artXris,  'imperfect,'  and 
Mrao-tf,  'dilatation.'  Giving  rise  to  Cyano'sis 
2)'-ilmona'lis. 

AT'ELES,  a-£>?;f,  'imperfect,  defective.' — 
Hence, 

ATELOCHEI'LIA,  from  art^rj?,  'imperfect,' 
ani  x^i-^o^y  'lip.'  A  malformation  which  con- 
sists in  an  imperfect  development  of  the  lip. 

ATELOENCEPHAL'IA,.,from  areym,  'imper- 
fect,' and  cyKKpaXov,  'the  encephalon.'  State  of 
hnperfect  development  of  the  brain. — Andral. 

ATELOGLOS'SIA,  from  artMs,  'imperfect,' 
and  yXucro-a,  'tongue.'  A  malformation  which 
consists  in  an  imperfect  development  of  the 
tongue. 

ATELOGJTA'THIA.  from  artX)??,  'imperfect,' 
and  yi'aOoj,  'the  jaw.'  A  malformation  which 
consists  in  an  imperfect  development  of  the  jaw. 

ATELOMYEL'IA,  from  aTsXrig,  'imperfect,' 
and  fivsXoi,  '  marrow.  State  of  imperfect  deve- 
lopment of  the  spinal  marrow. — Beclard. 

ATELOPROSO'PIA,  from  aTcXr;?,  'imperfect,' 
and  Trpoiru>-ov,  'the  face.'  A  malformation  which 
consists  in  imperfect  development  of  the  face. 

ATELORACHIDIA,  Hvdrorachis. 

ATELOSTOM'IA,  from  artX-;?,  'imperfect,' 
ani  (rrofta,  'mouth.'  One  whose  mouth  is  im- 
perfectly developed. 

ATER  SUCCUS,  Atrabilis. 

ATHAMAN'TA,  from  Athamas,  a  place  in 
Thessaly.     A  genus  of  plants. 

Athamanta  Axnua,  a.  Cretensis. 

Athaman'ta  Aureoseli'num,  Oreoseli'nmn, 
0.  lerjit'imum  sen  nigrum,  Seli'num  oreoseli'num, 
Peuced'anum  oreoseli'num,  Apiiim  monta'num, 
Black  ^fountain  Parsley,  (F.)  Persil  de  3Ion- 
tagne.  The  plant,  seed  and  roots,  are  ai'omatic. 
It  has  been  considered  att«nuant,  aperient,  deob- 


struent,  and  lithontripic.     The  distiUed  oil  iiaa 
been  used  in  toothach. 

Athaman'ta  Creten'sis  seu  Creti'ca,  A.  an'~ 
nua,  Lihano'tis  annua  seu  Creten'sis  seu  hiraii'taf 
Daucus  Oreticus;  D.  Candia'nvs,  Myrrhis  an'nua. 
Candy  Carrot.  The  seeds  of  this  plant  are  acrid 
and  aromatic.  They  have  been  used  as  carmina- 
tives and  diuretics. 

Athamanta  Macedonica,  Bubon  Macedoni- 
cum — a.  Meum,  .ffithusa  meum. 

ATHANASIA,  Tanacetum. 

Athana'sia,  from  a,  privative,  and  ^avaroq, 
'  death.'  An  antidote  for  diseases  of  the  liver, 
jaundice,  gravel,  <fcc.  It  consisted  of  saffron, 
cinnamon,  lavender,  cassia,  myrrh,  juucus  odo- 
ratus,  honey,  <£c.,  and  was  esteemed  to  be  sudo- 
rific. 

ATHARA,  Athera. 

ATHELAS'MUS,  from  a,  privative,  and  Bn\>i, 
'  a  breast  or  nipple.'  Impracticability  of  giving 
suck ;  from  want  of  nipple  or  otherwise. 

ATHELXIS,  Sucking. 

ATHE'NA.  Name  of  a  plaster,  recommended 
by  Asclepiades,  and  composed  of  oxide  of  copper, 
sublimed  oxide  of  zinc,  sal  ammoniac,  verdigris, 
gall  nuts,  and  a  variety  of  resinous  and  other  in- 
gredients.— Oribasius,  Aetius,  and  P.  ^gineta, 

ATHENIO'NIS  CATAPO'TIUM.  A  pill, 
composed  of  myrrh,  pepper,  castor,  and  opium ; 
used  to  allay  coughing. — Celsus. 

ATHE'RA,  Atha'ra,  from  adiip,  'an  ear  of 
corn.'  A  kind  of  pap  for  children  :  also,  a  kind 
of  liniment. — Dioscorides,  Pliny. 

ATHERAPEUTUS,  Incurable. 

ATHERO'MA,  from  a^vpa,  '  pap  or  pulp,'  En- 
phy'ina  encys'tis  athero'ma,  Mollus'cvm,  Pidta'tio, 
A  tumour  formed  by  a  cyst  containing  matter 
like  pap  or  Bovillie. 

ATHEROM'ATOUS,  Atlieromato'des.  Having 
the  nature  of  Atheroma. 

ATHLE'TA,  from  a^\oi,  'combat.'  Athletfe 
were  men  who  exercised  themselves  in  combat 
at  the  public  festivals. — Yitruvius. 

ATHLET'IO,  Athlet'icns;  concerning  AthletcB.. 
Strong  in  muscular  powers. — Foesius. 

ATHORACOCEPHALUS.  Acephalogaster. . 

ATHRIX,  At'riehiis ;  from  a,  privative,  and 
dpi^,  rpty^os,  'hair.'  Bald.  One  who  has  lost  his 
hair. 

Athrix  Depilis,  Alopecia. 

ATHYM'IA,  An'imi  defec'tus  et  anxi'etas, 
An'imi  demis'sio,  Tristit"ia,  Mceror,  Lype,  from 
a,  priv.,  and  ^v/xos,  'heart,'  'courage.'  Des- 
pondency. The  prostration  of  spirits  often  ob- 
servable in  the  sick. — Hippocrates.  Melancholy, 
— Swediaur.     See  Panophobia. 

Athymia  Pleonectica,  see  Pleoneetica. 

ATHYRION,  As.plenium  ceterach. 

ATHYRIUM  FILIX  F(EMINA,  Asplenium 
filix  fcemina — a.  Filix  mas,  Polypodium  filix  mas 
— a.  Molle,  Asplenium  filix  fcemina — a.  Ovatum, 
Asplenium  filix  fcemina — a.  Trifidum,  A  ^pltuium 
filix  fcemina. 

ATLANTAD,  see  Atlantal. 

ATLAjST'TAL;  same  etymon  as  Atlaj.  Re^ 
lating  or  appertaining  to  the  atlas. 

Atlantal  Aspect.  An  aspect  towards  the 
region  where  the  atlas  is  situated.  —  Barclay. 
Atlantad  is  used  by  the  same  writer  to  signify 
'  towards  the  atlantal  aspect.' 

Atlantal  Extremities.     The  upper  liu'bs. 

ATLANTION,  Atlas. 

ATLAS,  Ailan'tion,  from  arXaiii,  'I  sustain. 
The  first  cervical  i-er'tebra  ;  so  called,  from  its 
supporting  the  whole  weight  of  the  head,  aj* 
Atlas  is  said  to  have  supported  the  globe  on  his 
shoulders.     Chaussier  calls  it  Atloid,     This  ver- 


ATLOIDO-AXOID 


114 


ATROPA 


tebra  in  no  respect  resembles  the  others.  It  is 
a  kind  of  irregular  ring,  into  which,  anteriorly, 
the  processus  dentatus  of  the  second  vertebra  is 
received.  Posteriorly,  it  gives  passage  to  the 
medulla  spinalis. 

ATLOID'O-AXOID,  (P.)  AtloUo-axoidien. 
Relating  to  both  the  Atlas  and  the  Axis- or  Ver- 
tebra Dcntata. 

Atloido-axoid  Articulation.  The  articula- 
tion between  the  first  two  cervical  vertebrae. 

Atloido-Axoid  Lig'aments.  These  are  two 
in  number;  one  anterior  and  another  iwsterior, 
passing  between  the  two  vertebrae. 

ATLOID'O-OCCIP'ITAL.  Relating  to  the 
atlas  and  occiput.  The  Atloido-occip'ital  Arti- 
cula'tion  is  formed  by  the  condyles  of  the  occi- 
pital bone  and  the  superior  articular  surfaces  of 
the  Atlas.  The  Atlo'ido-oceijntal  muscle  is  the 
Rectus  capitis  posticus  minor. 

A  TL  OIB 0-SO  US-MASTOlDIEN,  Obliquus 
superior  oculi — a.  Sous-occiintale,  Rectus  capitis 
lateralis. 

ATMIATRI'A,  Atmidiat'rice,  from  ar^os,  'va- 
pour,' and  larpua,  'treatment.'  Treatment  of 
diseases  by  fumigation. 

ATMIDIATRICE,  Atmiatria. 

ATMISTERIOjST,  Vaporarium. 

ATM  OS,  Breath. 

AT'MOSPHERE,  Atmospha'ra,  from  arixo;, 
'vapour,'  and  aipai^a,  'a  sphere:'  —  as  it  were, 
Sphere  of  vapours.  The  atmosphere  is  a  sphe- 
rical mass  of  air,  surrounding  the  earth  in  every 
part;  the  height  of  which  is  estimated  at  15  or 
16  leagues.  It  presses  on  the  surface  of  the 
eartli,  and  this  pressure  has,  necessarilj',  sensible 
effects  on  organized  bodies.  The  surface  of  the 
human  body  being  reckoned  at  15  square  feet,  it 
is  computed  that  a  pressure  of  33,000  pounds  or 
more  exists  under  ordinary  circumstances ;  and 
this  pressure  cannot  be  increased  or  diminished 
materially,  without  modifying  the  circulation  and 
all  the  functions. 

ATMOSPHERIZATIOK",  Htematosis. 

ATOCIA,  Sterilitis. 

ATOL'MIA,  from  a,  priv.,  and  ro\jia,  'confi- 
dence.' Want  of  confidence;  discouragement. 
A  state  of  mind,  unfavourable  to  health,  and  in- 
jurious in  disease.  It  is  the  antithesis  -of  Eu- 
tol'mia. 

ATONIA,  Atony — a.  Ventriculi,  Gasterasthe- 
nia. 

AT'ONT,  Aton'ia,  Infir'mitaa  et  Eemis'sio  vi'- 
rium,  Languor,  Lax'itas,  from  a,  priv.,  and  tovo;, 
'  tone,'  '  force.'  Want  of  tone.  Weakness  of 
every  organ,  and  particularly  of  those  that  are 
contractile.  Violent  gastritis  has  been  described 
by  Scribonius  Largus  under  a  similar  name, 
Atovuv,  At'onon. 

ATRABIL'IARY,  AtraliV ioua,  AtrahlUa'ris, 
Atrnbilio'aus,  from  ater,  'black,'  and  hilis,  'bUe.' 
An  epithet  given  by  the  ancients  to  the  melan- 
cholic and  hypochondriac,  because  they  believed 
the  Atrabilis  to  predominate  in  such. 

Atrabiliary  Capsules,  Arteries  and  Veins. 
The  renal  capsules,  arteries  and  veins ;  the  for- 
mation of  Atrabilis  having  been  attributed  to 
them. 

ATRABI'LIS,  same  etymon,  Ater  svccus, 
lilaek  Bile  or  melancholy.  According  to  the  an- 
cients, a  thick,  black,  acrid  humour,  secreted,  in 
the  opinion  of  some,  by  the  pancreas;  in  that 
of  others,  by  the  supra-renal  capsules.  Ilippo- 
••rsxtes,  Galen,  Aetius,  and  others,  ascribe  great 
influence  to  the  Atrabilis  in  the  production  of 
hypochondriasis,  melancholy,  and  mania.  There 
Ih  really  no  such  humour.  It  was  au  imaginary 
cT'jatioc  — ,\rpt£cus,  Rufus  of  Ephesus,  &e. 


ATRACHELOCEPH'ALUS,  from  a,  priv., 

T(ia')(ri\oi,  'neck,'  and  Kti^aKr],  'head.'    A  monster 
whose  neck  is  partially  or  wholly  deficient. 

ATRACHE'LUS.  Same  etymon.  One  who  is 
very  short-necked. — Galen. 

ATRAC 'TYLIS  GUMMIF'ERA,  Oar'dmia 
pi'ne^is,  Ixine,  Gummy-rooted  Atractylia,  Pine 
Thistle.  The  root,  when  wounded,  yields  a. 
milky,  viscid  juice,  which  concretes  into  tena- 
cious masses,  and  is  said  to  be  chewed  with  the 
same  views  as  mastich. 

ATRAGENE,  Clematis  vitalba. 

ATRAMEN'TUM,  A.  Suto'rium,  Ink,  Calcan'^ 
thon,  (F.)  Enere.  It  has  been  advised  as  an  as- 
tringent, and  as  an  external  application  in  her- 
petic  aff'ections. 

Atramentum  Sutorium,  Ferri  sulphas. 

ATRESIA,  Adherence,  Imp  erf  oration.  See 
Monster. 

Atre'sia  Ani  Abna'ta,  Anus  Imperfora'tus, 
Imperfora'tio  ani,  (F.)  Imperforation  de  I'anus. 
Congenital  imperforation  of  the  intestinal  canal. 

ATRETISMUS,  Imperforation. 

ATRETOCEPH'ALUS,  from  aTpvroi,  'imper- 
forate,' and  KetpaXt^,  'head.'  A  monster,  in  which 
some  of  the  natural  apertures  of  the  head  are 
wanting. — Gurlt. 

ATRETOCOR'MUS,  from  arpvTo;,  'imperfo- 
rate,' and  Kopiios,  'trunk.'  A  monster  in. which 
the  natural  apertures  of  the  trunk  are  wanting, — 
Gurlt. 

ATRE'TUS,  from  a,  priv.,  and  Tpa(a,  'I  per- 
forate.' Imperfora'tus,  Imperforate.  One  whose 
anus,  or  parts  of  generation,  are  imperforate, 
(aproc'tus). 

AT'RICES.  Small  tumours,  which  appear  oc- 
casionally around  the  anus.  Some  commentators 
consider  the  word  to  be  synonymous  with  con- 
dylomata.—Forestus. 

ATRICHIA,  Alopecia. 

ATRICHUS,  Athrix. 

AT'RICI.  Small  sinuses  in  the  vicinity  of  the 
anus,  not  penetrating  the  rectum. 

ATRIPLEX  FCETIDA,  Chenopodium  vul- 
varia. 

Ateiplex  Horten'sis,  A.  Sati'va,  (F.)  Ar- 
roche,  Bonne  Dame.  The  herb  and  seed  of  this 
plant  have  been  exhibited  as  antiscorbutics. 

At'i-ijilex  al'imus,  A.  Portulaco'i'des,  and  A. 
Pat'ula,  ai-e  used  as  pickles,  and  have  similar 
properties. 

At'riplex  Mexicana,  Chenopodium  ambro- 
sioides  —  a.  Odorata,  Chenopodium  botrys  —  a» 
Olida,  Chenopodium  vulvaria. 

ATRIUM  CORDIS  DEXTER,  Sinus  dexter 
cordis  —  a.  Cordis  sinistrum,  Sinus  pulmonalis — 
a.  Vaginae,  Vestibulum. 

AT'ROPA,  from  Arpoiro;,  'immutable,'  'the 
goddess  of  destiny;'  so  called  from  its  fatal 
effects. 

Atropa  Belladon'na,  Belladon'na,  B.  bnn- 
cif'era  seu  triehot'oma,  Deadly  Nightshade,  Soln'- 
num  letha'le,  Sola'num  mani'acnm,  S.  Furio'snm. 
Sola'num  melunocer'aens,  (F.)  Belladone,  Morellc 
fwriense,  Belle  Dame.  JVat.  Ord.  Solaneas.  Se.c. 
Syst.  Totrandria  Monogynia.  The  leaves — Bel- 
ladonna (Ph.  U.  S.)  are  powerfully  narcotic,  and 
also  diaphoretic,  and  diuretic.  They  are  occ:i- 
sionnlly  used  where  narcotics  are  indicated. 
Sprinkling  the  powdered  leaves  over  cancerous 
sores  has  been  found  to  allay  the  pain ;  and  the 
leaves  form  a  good  poultice.  Dose,  gr.  ^  to  gr.  j 
of  the  powdered  leaves. 

Athopa  IMandrag'ora,  Mandrag'ora,  M.  ver~ 
na'Hs  seu  offichia'b's  seu  acau'lis,  Circa'a,  Anthro- 
pomorp'i'us^  Malum    tcrrts'tre,  Mandralu.     The 


ATROPHIA 


115 


AUDITORY 


boiled  root  has  been  used  in  tbe  form  of  poultice 
in  indolent  swellings. 

ATROPHIA,  Atrophy,  Tabes  —  a.  Ablaetato- 
rum,  Brash,  weaning — a.  Cerebri,  Phrenatrophia 
— a.  Cordis,  Heart,  atrophy  of  the — a.  Glandula- 
ris, Tabes  mesenterica  —  a.  Hepatis,  Hepatatro- 
phia  —  a.  Infantum,  P«datrophia,  Tabes  mesen- 
terica—  a.  Intestinorum,  Enteratrophia. 

Atrophia  Lactan'tium,  Tahes  nutri'ciim  seu 
lac' tea.     The  atrophy  of  nursing  women. 

Atrophia  Lienis,  Splenatrophia — a.  Mesen- 
terica, Tabes  mesenterica — a.  Testiculi,  Orchida- 
trophia, 

A  TR  OP  HIE,  Atrophy — a.  Mesenteriqiie,Tahes 
mesenterica. 

ATROPHIED,  see  Atrophy. 
AT'ROPHY,  Maras'mus  Atro'phia,  Afro'phia 
Maras'mus,  Ma'cies,  Oontabescen'tia,  Tabes,  Mar- 
co'res,  Analo'sis,  from  a,  privative,  and  rpocpri, 
'nourishment.'  [~E .) Atrophic, Dessechement.  Pro- 
gressive and  morbid  diminution  in  the  bulk  of 
the  whole  body  or  of  a  part.  Atrophy  is  gene- 
rally symptomatic.  Any  tissue  or  organ  thus 
affected  is  said  to  be  atrophied. 

Atrophy  op  the  Heart,  see  Heart,  atrophy 
of  the. 

AT'ROPINE,  Atropi'na,  Atro'pia,  Atro'pium, 
Atropi'num,  (P.)  Atropine.     The  active  principle 
of  Atropa  Belladonna,  separated  by  Brandes,  by 
a  process  similar  to  that  for  procuring  morphia. 
ATTACHE,  Insertion. 

ATTACK,  Insul'tus,  Asstd'ttis,  Irrep'tio,  Inva'- 
gio,  Eis'hole,  Lepisis,   (F.)  Attaque.      A   sudden 
attack,  invasion  or  onset  of  a  disease.    A  seizure. 
ATTAGAS,  Attagen. 

AT'TAGEN,  At'tagas,  the  Fran'colin.  Cele- 
brated with  the  ancients  both  as  food  and  medi- 
cine.— Martial,  Aristophanes. 

ATTANCOURT,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
A  mineral  water  in  France,  at  Attancourt,  in 
Champagne ;  about  three  leagues  north  of  Join- 
villo.  The  water  is  a  chalybeate,  and  contains 
sulphate  of  lime.  In  large  doses  it  is  purgative. 
ATTAQUE,  Attack  — a.  dea  Nerfs,  Nervous 
attack. 

ATTELLE,  Splint. 

ATTENOTING,  MINERAL  "WATERS  OF, 
in  Bavaria.  The  water  contains  carbonic  acid, 
carbonates  of  lime  and  soda,  sulphates  of  lime 
and  magnesia,  chloride  of  sodium,  iron,  and  alum. 
It  is  much  used  in  skin  diseases,  fistula,  old  ul- 
cers, calculi,  and  hemorrhoids. 

ATTEN'UANTS,  Attenuan' tia,  Leptun'tica, 
(F.)  Leptontiques,  from  tenuis,  'thin.'  Medicines 
which  augment  the  fluidity  of  the  humours. 

ATTENUA'TION,  Attenua'tio;  same  etymon. 
Thinness,  emaciation.     A  term  used  by  the  ho- 
mceopathists  in  the  sense  of  dilution  or  division 
of  remedies  into  infinitesimal  doses. 
ATTIRANT,  Attrahent. 

AT'TITUDE,  Situs  Cor'poris.  Low  Latin, 
aptitudo;  from  Latin  aptare,  'to  fit.'  Situation, 
position  of  the  body.  The  attitudes  are  the  dif- 
ferent postures  which  man  is  capable  of  assum- 
ing. In  General  Pathology,  the  attitude  will 
often  enable  the  physician  to  pronounce  at  once 
upon  the  character  of  a  disease,  or  it  will  aid  him 
materially  in  his  judgment.  In  St.  Vitus's  dance, 
in  fractures,  luxations,  &c.,  it  is  the  great  index. 
It  will  also  indicate  the  degree  of  nervous  or 
cerebral  power ;  hence  the  sinking  down  in  bed 
is  an  evidence  of  great  cerebral  debility  in  fever. 
The  position  of  a  patient  during  an  operation  is 
also  an  interesting  subject  of  attention  to  the 
surgeon. 

ATTOL'LENS  AUREM,  Attol'lena  Auric'idcB, 
Leva'tor  Anris,  Supe'rior  Auris,  Attol'lens  Au- 
ric'ulam,  Auricula' ris  supe'rior,  (F.)  Auricidaire 
eujpirieur,    Temporo-auriculaire.     A   muscle    of 


the  ear,  which  arises,  thin,  broad,  and  tendinons, 
from  the  tendon  of  the  occipito-frontalis,  and  is 
inserted  into  the  upper  part  of  the  ear,  opposite 
to  the  anti-helix.     It  raises  the  ear. 

Attollens  Oculi,  Rectus  superior  ocuU  —  a- 
Oculum,  Rectus  superior  oculi. 

ATTOUGHEMENT,  Masturbation. 

ATTRACTION  OF  AGGREGATION,  Cohe- 
sion, force  of 

ATTRACTIVUM,  see  Magnet. 

ATTRACTIVUS,  Attrahent. 

ATTRACTORIUS,  Attrahent. 

ATTRAHENS  AURICULAM,  Anterior  auris. 

AT'TRAHENT,  At'trahens,  Attracti'vus,  At- 
tracto' rius,  from  ad,  '  to,'  and  traho,  '  I  draw.' 
(F.)  Attractif,  Attirant.  Remedies  are  so  called, 
which  attract  fluids  to  the  parts  to  which  they 
are  applied,  as  blisters,  rubefacients,  &c. 

ATTRAPE-LOURDAUT,  (F.)  A  bistoury 
invented  by  a  French  surgeon,  called  Biennaise. 
and  used  in  the  operation  for  hernia.  See  Bis-- 
touri  cache. 

ATTRITA,  Chafing. 

ATTRITIO,  Attrition,  Chafing. 

ATTRIT"ION,  Attrif'io,  Ecthlim'ma,  from 
ad,  and  terere,  '  to  bruise.'  Friction  or  bruising. 
Chafing.  —  Galen.  Also,  a  kind  of  cardialgia,  — 
Sennertus.     Likewise,  a  violent  contusion. 

ATTRITUS,  Chafing. 

ATYP'IC,  Atyp'icus,  At'ypos,  from  a,  priva- 
tive, and  TUTTOf,  '  type.'  That  which  has  no  type. 
Irregular.  Chiefly  applied  to  an  irregular  inter- 
mittent,— Febria  atypica. 

ATYPOS,  Erratic. 

AUANSIS,  Drying. 

AUAN'TE,  Ana2)'se,  from  avavai^,  'desicca- 
tion.' Hippocrates  gave  this  name  to  a  disease, 
the  principal  symptom  of  which  was  emaciation. 
Atrophy. 

AUBE^-VIGNE,  Clematis  vitalba. 

AUBEPINE,  Mespilus  oxyaeantha. 

AUBERGINE,  Solanum  Melongena, 

A  UBIFOIN,  Cyanus  segetum. 

AUCHEN,  CoUum. 

AUCHENORRHEUMA,  Torticollis. 

AUCHE'TICUS,  from  avxnv,  'the  neck.'  Oes 
affected  with  stiif  neck  or  torticollis. 

AUDE,  Voice. 

AUDINAC,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Au- 
dinac  is  situate  in  the  department  of  Arriege, 
France.  The  water  contains  a  small  quantity 
of  sulphohydrio  acid,  carbonic  acid,  sulphates  of 
lime  and  magnesia,  carbonates  of  lime  and  iron, 
and  a  bituminous  substance.  Temp.  67°  Fahr. 
It  is  much  used  in  chronic  rheumatism,  herpes, 
scrofulous  diseases,  <fec. 

AUDIT"ION,  from  axidire,  'to  hear;' 
Audit"io,  Audi'tus,  A'coe,  Acre' ama,  Acro'aiis, 
Acoe'sis,  Acu'sis.  Hearing.  The  act  of  hearing, 
The  sensation  arising  from  an  impression  made 
on  the  auditory  nerves  by  the  vibrations  of  the 
air,  produced  by  a  sonorous  body.  The  physi- 
ology of  Audition  is  obscure.  It  probably  takes 
place  : — 1.  By  the  vibrations  being  communicated 
from  the  membrana  tympani  along  the  chain  of 
small  bones  to  the  membrane  of  the  foramen 
ovale.  2.  By  means  of  the  air  in  the  cavity  of 
the  tympanum,  the  membrane  of  the  foramen 
rotundum  is  agitated.  3.  The  transmission  miiV 
be  made  by  means  of  the  bony  parietes.  In 
these  three  ways  the  vibrations  picduced  by  a 
sonorous  body  may  reach  the  auditory  nerve. 
Audition  may  be  active  or  passive :  hence  the 
difference  between  listening  and  simply  kearino 

AU'DITORY,  Audito'rius,  Avditi'vus,  Actis'- 
ticus.     That  which  relates  to  audition. 

Auditory  Arteries  and  Veins,  at  a  vessels 
which  enter  the  auditory  canals,  and  axe,  Uta 


auge 


116 


AURICULAE 


ttem,  distinguislied  into  internal  and  external. 
The  external  auditory  artery,  A.  Tympaniqiie  — 
(Ch.)  is  given  off  by  the  stj'loid,  a  branch  of  the 
external  carotid :  the  internal  is  a  branch  of  the 
basUary  artery,  which  accompanies  the  auditory 
nerve,  and  is  distributed  to  it.  The  Auditory 
Veins  empty  into  the  internal  and  external  ju- 
gulars. 

Auditory  Canal,  External,  Ifea'tvs  andito'- 
rius  exter'nus,  Alvea'rium,  Scajjha,  Scaphus,  (F.) 
Conduit  audit!/  externe,  Conduit  auriculaire, 
commences  at  the  bottom  of  the  concha,  at  the 
Fora'men  auditi'vum  exter'num,  passes  inwards, 
forwards,  and  a  little  downwards,  and  terminates 
at  the  membrana  tympani.  It  is  partly  cartilagi- 
nous, partly  osseous,  and  partly  fibrous. 

Auditory  Canal.  Internal,  Mea'tvs  audito'- 
rius  inter'nus,  Porus  seu  Sinus  acus'ticus,  Cyar, 
(F.)  Conduit  auditif  interne,  G.  labyrinthique,  is 
situate  in  the  posterior  surface  of  the  pars  pe- 
trosa  of  the  temporal  bone.  From  the  Fora'men 
auditi'vum  inter'num,  where  it  commences,  it 
passes  forwards  and  outwards,  and  terminates 
by  a  kind  of  cul-de-sac,  mac'ula  crihro'sa,  perfo- 
rated by  many  holes,  one  of  which  is  the  orifice 
bf  the  Aquajductus  Fallopiij  and  the  others  com- 
municate with  the  labyrinth. 

Auditory  I^erve,  Nerf  labyrinthique — (Ch.) 
is  the  Portio  Mollis  of  the  seventh  pair.  It 
arises  from  the  coi-pus  restiforme,  from  the  floor 
of  the  fourth  ventricle,  and  by  means  of  white 
strisB,  from  the  sides  of  the  calamus  seriptorius. 
As  it  leaves  the  encephalon,  it  forms  a  flattened 
cord,  and  proceeds  with  the  facial  nerve  through 
the  foramen  auditivum  internum,  and  as  far  as 
the  bottom  of  the  meatus,  where  it  separates  from 
the  facial,  and  divides  into  two  branches,  one 
going  to  the  cochlea,  the  cocTdear ;  the  other  to 
the  vestibule  and  semi-circular  canals,  the  vesti- 
bular.    _ 

AUGE,  Al'veus.  Some  of  the  older  anatomists 
gave  this  name  to  a  reservoir,  into  which  liquids 
flow  in  an  interrupted  manner,  so  that  it  is  alter- 
nately full  and  empty.  Such  are  the  ventricles 
and  auricles  of  the  heart. 

AUGMENTA'TION,  from  aw^rerc, 'to increase;' 
Augrnen' turn,  Incremen'tmn,  Anab'asis,  Auc'tio, 
Auxis,  Progres'sio,  Progres'sns,  Auxe'sis.  The 
stage  of  a  disease  in  which  the  symptoms  go  on 
increasing. 

AULISCUS,  Canula.     See  Fistula. 

AULOS,  Canula,  Fistula.  See  Vagina,  and 
Foramen. 

AUMALE,  MrNERAL  WATERS  OF.  Au- 
male  is  a  town  of  Upper  Normandy,  in  the  coun- 
try of  Caux.  Several  springs  of  ferruginous 
mineral  waters  are  found  there,  whose  odour  is 
Ijenetrating,  and  taate  rough  and  astringent. 
They  are  tonic,  and  employed  in  debility  of  the 
viscera,  <fec. 

AUNE^  NOIRE,  Rhamnus  frangula. 

AUNJEE,  Inula  helenium  —  a.  Bysenterique, 
Inula  dysenterica. 

AURA,  Pno'e.  A  vapour  or  emanation  from 
any  body,  surrounding  it  like  an  atmosphere. 
Van  Helmont  regarded  the  vital  principle  as  a 
gas  and  volatile  spkit,  which  he  called  Aura 
vitalis. 

In  Pathology,  Aura  means  the  sensation  of  a 
light  vapour,  which,  in  some  diseases,  appears 
to  set  out  from  the  trunk  or  limbs ;  and  to  rise 
towards  the  head.  This  feeling  has  been  found 
to  precede  attacks  of  epilepsy  and  hysteria,  and 
bence  it  has  been  called  Aura  Epileji'tica,  and 
A.  hyster' ica. 

AuEA  San'guinis.  Theodour  exhaled  by  blood 
newly  dr.awn.     See  Gaz  Sanguinis. 

AVRA  Sem'lnis,  a.  semina'lis,  Spir'itus  geni- 


ta'lis : — A  volatile  principle  fancied  to  exist  in 
the  sperm,  and  regarded  by  some  as  the  fecun  • 
dating  agent.     Such  is  not  the  case. 
Aura  Vitalis,  Vital  principle. 
AURAL     MEDICINE    AND      SURGERY. 
Otiatria. 
AURANCUM,  see  Ovum. 
AURANITE,  see  Agaric. 
AURAN'TIA  CURASSAVEN'TIA,  Cnrasso'a 
apples  or  oranges.     Immature  oranges,  checked, 
by  accident,  in  their  growth.     They  are  a  grate- 
ful, aromatic  bitter,  devoid  of  acidity.     Infused 
in  wine  or  brandy  they  make  a  good  stomachic. 
They  are  also  used  for  issue  peas. 

AuRAXTiA  Curassavica,  sec  Citrus  aurantium 
—  a.  Poma,  see  Citrus  aurantium. 

AuRANTii  Cortex,  see  Citrus  aurantium. 
AURANTIUM,  Citrus  aurantium. 
AURELIANA  CANADENSIS,  Panax  quin- 
quefolium. 
AUREOLA.  Areola. 

AURI  CHLORETUM  CUM  CHLORETO 
NATPtll,  see  Gold— a.  Chloridum,  Gold,  muriate 
of — a.  Chloretum,  Gold,  muriate  of- — a.  Cyanidum, 
see  Gold^^ — a.  Cyanuretuni,  see  Gold — a.  lodidum, 
see  Gold  —  a.  loduretum,  see  Gold  —  a.  et  Natri 
chloruretum,  see  Gold — a.  Murias,  Gold,  muriate 
of — a.  Nitro-murias,  see  Gold  —  a.  Oxidum,  see 
Gold — a.  Terchloridum,  see  Gold — a.  Tercyani- 
dum,  see  Gold  —  a.  Teroxidum,  see  Gold. 
AURICHALCUM,  Brass. 

AURICLE,  Auric'vla,  (F.)  Aurieule,  Oricule. 
Diminutive  of  avris,  an  ear.  The  auricle  of  the 
ear.     See  Pavilion. 

Auricles  of  the  Heart,  Cavita'tes  innomi- 
va'tcB,  (F.)  Oreillettes,  are  two  cavities;  one 
right,  the  other  left,  each  communicating  with 
the  ventricle  of  its  side.  These  two  cavities  re- 
ceive the  blood  from  every  part  of  the  body. 
Into  the  right  auricle,  the  two  venas  cavse  and 
coronary  vein  open  :  into  the  left,  the  four  pul- 
monary veins.  Chaussier  calls  the  former  the 
Sinus  of  the  VencB  Cavce : — the  latter,  the  Sinus 
of  the  Pulmonary  Veins.  The  foliated  or  dog's 
ear  portion  of  each  auricle  is  called  Appen'dix 
anric'vla.     See  Sinus. 

Auricula  Jud^,  Peziza  auricula — a.  Muris, 
Hieracium  Pilosellar-r-a.  Muris  major,  Hieracium 
murorum. 

AURICULAIRE,  see  Digitus— a.  Postfrievr, 

Retrahens  auris — a.  Superieur,  Attollens  aurem. 

AUPtlC'ULAR,  Auricida'ris,  Oric'tdar,  from 

auricida,  '  the  ear.'     That  which  belongs  to  the 

ear,  especially  to  the  external  ear. 

AURIC'ULAR     Ar'tERIES    AND    VeINS,     Oricu- 

laires — (Ch.),  are  divided  into  anterior  and  pos- 
terior. The  anterior  are  of  indeterminate  num- 
ber. They  arise  from  the  temporal  artery,  and 
are  distributed  to  the  meatus  auditorius  externus, 
and  to  the  pavilion  of  the  ear.  The  posterior 
auricular  is  given  off  by  the  external  carotid, 
from  which  it  separates  in  the  substance  of  the 
parotid  gland.  When  it  reaches  the  inferior  part 
of  the  pavilion  of  the  ear  it  bifurcates ;  one  of  its 
branches  being  distributed  to  the  inner  surface 
of  the  pavilion,  the  other  passing  over  the  mas- 
toid process,  and  being  distributed  to  the  tempo- 
ral and  posterior  auris  muscles,  &c.  Before  its 
bifurcation  it  gives  off  the  stylo-mastoid  artery. 
The  Anterior  and  Posterior  Auricular  Veins  open 
into  the  temporal  and  external  jugular. 

Auricular  Finger,  (F.)  Doigt  uurievlaire,  is 
the  little  finger,  so  called  because,  owing  to  its 
size,  it  can  be  more  readily  introduced  into  the 
meatus  auditorius. 

Auricular  Nerves  are  several.  1.  The  au- 
ricular branch,  Zygomato-auricxdar,  is  one  of 
the  ascending  branches  of  the  cervical  plexus. 


AURICULAEIA  SAMBUCI 


iir 


AUTOPHONIA 


It  ramifies  and  spreads  over  the  two  surfaces  of 
the  pavilion.  2.  The  auricular  or  superficial 
temporal,  Temporal-cutaneous — (Ch.)  is  given  off 
from  the  inferior  maxillary.  It  ascends  between 
the  condyle  of  the  jaw  and  the  meatus  auditorius 
externus,  sends  numerous  filaments  to  the  meatus 
and  pavilion,  and  divides  into  two  twigs,  which 
accompany  the  branches  of  the  temporal  artery, 
and  are  distributed  to  the  integuments  of  the 
head.  There  is  also  a  posterior  auricular  fur- 
nished by  the  facial. 

AURICULARIA  SAMBUCI,  Peziza  auricula. 

AURICULARIS  ANTERIOR,  Anterior  auris 
— a.  Superior,  Attollens  aurem. 

AURICULE,  Auricle,  Pavilion  of  the  ear. 

A U  R I C '  U L  0  -VENTRIC UL AR,  Auric' tilo- 
ventricula'ris.  That  which  belongs  to  the  auri- 
cles and  ventricles  of  the  heart.  The  communi- 
cations between  the  auricles  and  ventricles  are 
so  called.  The  Tricuspid  and  Mitral  Valves  are 
auriculo-ventricular  valves. 

AURI'GA.  A  species  of  bandage  for  the  ribs, 
described  by  Galen.     See,  also.  Liver. 

AURIGrO,  Icterus  —  a.  Neophytorum,  Icterus 
Infantum. 

AURIPiaMENTUM,  Orpiment— a.  Rubrum, 
Realgar. 

AURIS,  Ear. 

AURISCALPIUM,  Earpick. 

AURISCOP'IUM,  ^it'mcope,  from  auris,  'the 
ear,'  and  <jkokcio,  '1  view.'  An  instrument  for 
exploring  the  ear. 

AURIST,  Otia'ter,  Otia'trus,  Ear-doctor,  Ear- 
mtrgeon  ;  from  aun"*,  '  the  ear.'  One  who  occu- 
pies himself  chiefly  with  the  diseases  of  the  ear 
and  their  treatment. 

AURIUM  FLUGTUATIO,  Bombus— a.  Mar- 
morata.  Cerumen — a.  Sibilus,  Bombus — a.  Soni- 
tus,  Bombus — a.  Sordes,  Cerumen — a.  Susui-rus, 
Bombus. 

A  UR  0  NE,  Artemisia  abrotanum  —  a.  des 
Ohamps,  Artemisia  campestris  —  a.  des  Jardins, 
Artemisia  abrotanum  —  a.  Male,  Artemisia  abro- 
tanum. 

AURUaO,  Icterus. 

AURUM,  Gold— a.  Chloratum,  Gold,  mu- 
riate of — a.  Chloratum  natronatum,  see  Gold — a. 
Foliatum,  Gold  leaf — a.  in  Libellis,  Gold  leaf — a. 
Leprosum,  Antimonium — a.  Limatum,  see  Gold 
— a.  Muriaticum,  see  Gold — a.  Muriaticum  na- 
tronatum, see  Gold. 

AuRUAi  Musi'vuir,  Aurum  Mosa'icum,  Sulph'- 
nret  of  Tin,  Deutosulphuret  or  Persidphuret  of 
tin.  (Quicksilver,  tin,  sulphur,  sal  ammoniac, 
aa,  equal  parts.  The  tin  being  first  melted,  the 
quicksilver  is  poured  into  it,  and  then  the  whole 
are  ground  together,  and  sublimed  in  a  bolthead. 
The  aurum  musivum  lies  at  the  bottom.)  It  is 
used  in  some  empirical  preparations. 

AuRUif  OxYDATUJr,  see  Gold — a.  Oxydulatum 
muriaticum.  Gold,  muriate  of — a.  Nitro-muriati- 
cum,  see  Gold — a.  Salitum,  Gold,  muriate  of. 

AUS'CULTATE,  TO;  from  auscultare,  'to  lis- 
ten.' To  practise  auscultation.  'To  ausctdt'  is 
at  times  used  with  the  same  signification. 

AUSCULTA'TION",  Ausculta'tio,  Echos'cope, 
act  of  listening.  Buisson  has  used  it  synony- 
mously with  listening,  Laennec  introduced  aus- 
cultation to  appreciate  the  different  sounds  which 
can  he  heard  in  the  chest,  and  in  the  diagnosis 
of  diseases  of  the  heart,  lungs,  &o.  This  may 
be  done  by  the  aid  of  an  instrument  called  a  ste- 
thoscope, one  extremity  of  which  is  applied  to  the 
ear,  the  other  to  the  chest  of  the  patient.  This 
mode  of  examination  is  called  Mediate  Auscidta- 
tion,  (F.)  Auscultation  mediate, — the  application 
of  the  ear  to  the  chest  being  immediate  ausculta- 
tioii. 


The  act  of  exploring  the  chest  is  called  Stet'ho- 
scop'ia,  and  Thoracoscop'ia  /  of  the  abdomen, 
Abdominoscop'ia. 

AUSCUL'TATORT,  Ausndtato'rius  ;  AuscuV- 
tory,  Auscid'tic,  (with  some.)  Belonging  or  hav- 
ing relation  to  auscultation. 

Auscultatory  Percussion,  see  Acouophonia, 

AUSTERE',  Auste'rus.  Substances  which  pro- 
duce a  high  degree  of  acerb  impression  on  the 
organs  of  taste. 

A  US  TR  UCHE,  Imperatoria. 

AUTALGIA  DOLOROSA,  Neuralgia,  facial. 
Pleurodynia — a.  Pruriginosa,  Itching — a.  Ver- 
tigo, Vertigo. 

AUTARCI'A,  from  awroy,  'himself,'  and  apxtw, 
'  I  am  satisfied.'     Moral  tranquillity. — Galen. 

AUTEMES'IA,  from  aurof,  'self,'  and  encai^, 
'  vomiting.'  Spontaneous  or  idiopathic  vomiting. 
— Alibert. 

AUTEMPRESMUS,  Combustion,  human. 

AUTHE'MERON.  A  medicine  which  cures 
on  the  day  of  its  exhibition;  from  avTos,  'the 
same,'  and  'rijiega,'  '  day.' 

AUTHYGIANSIS,  Vis  medicatrix  naturte. 

AUTOCHIR,  Autochi'rus,  Suici'da,  from  avro^, 
'himself,'  and  x^ip,  'hand.'  One  who  has  com- 
mitted suicide.     A  self-murderer  or  suicide. 

AUTOCHIRIA,  Suicide. 

AUTOCINE'SIS,  Motus  volunta'rius,  from 
avTog,  'self,'  and  Kivncn,  'motion.'  Voluntary 
motion. 

AUTOC'RAST,  Autocrati'a,  Autocrato'ria, 
from  avTos,  '  himself,'  and  Kgarog,  '  strength.'  In- 
dependent force.  Action  of  the  vital  principle, 
or  of  the  instinctive  powers  towards  the  preser- 
vation of  the  individual.  See  Vis  Medicatrix  Na- 
turaj.     Also,  the  vital  principle, 

AUTOCRATIA,  Autocrasy,  Vis  Medicatrix 
naturse. 

AUTOCRATORIA,  Autocrasy— a.  Physiatriee, 
Vis  medicatrix  naturje. 

AUTOCTONIA,  Suicide. 

AUTOG"ENOUS;  from  avrog,  'self,'  and  ytv- 
vata,  '  I  generate.'  A  term  applied  by  Mr.  Owen 
to  parts  or  elements  that  are  usually  developed 
from  distinct  and  independent  centres ;  as  in  the 
case  of  the  different  parts  or  elements  that  form 
a  vertebra. 

AUTOGONIA,  Generation,  equivocal. 

AUTOLITHOT'OMUS,  from  avrog,  'himself,' 
XiSoj,  'a  stone,'  and  rcfivuv,  'to  cut.'  One  who 
operates  upon  himself  for  the  stone. 

AUTOMAT'IC,  Automat' icus,  Autom'atus,  from 
avTOjiaTo?,  'spontaneous.'  That  which  acts  of  itself. 
Those  movements  are  called  automatic,  which  the 
patient  executes  without  any  object;  apparently 
without  volition  being  exercised: — involuntary 
motions,  motus  automat'ici  seu  autom'ati  seu  in- 
voliinta'rii. 

AUTOMNAL,  Autumnal. 

AUTONOM'lA,  Vis  medicatrix  naturcB.  The 
word  Autonomia  is  occasionally  employed  by  the 
French  and  Germans  for  the  peculiar  mechanism 
of  an  organized  body.  Thus,  although  individu- 
als of  the  same  species  may  differ  in  outward  con- 
formation, their  mechanism  or  instinctive  laws, 
(Autonomia,)  may  be  the  same. 

AUTONYCTOBATIA,  Somnambulism. 

AUTOPEP'SIA,  from  avrog,  '  self,'  and  irtrroj, 
'I  concoct.'  Self-digestion, — as  of  the  stomach 
after  death. 

AUTOPHIA,  Autopsia. 

AUTOPHO'NIA,  (F.)  Retentissement  autopho- 
nique,  from  avrog,  '  self,'  and  (ftiovv,  '  roice.'  An 
auscultatory  sign  pointed  out  by  M.  Hourmann, 
which  consists  in  noting  the  character  of  the  ob- 
server's own  voice,  while  he  speaks  with  his  head 
placed  close  to  the  patient's  chest.     The  voice,  U 


AUTOPHOSPHOEUS 


118 


AVICULA  CIPEIA 


fa  alleged,  frill  he  modified  by  the  condition  of 
tbe  subjacent  organs.    The  resonance,  thus  heard, 
ho  terms  retentissement  autophonique.     This  di- 
agnostic agency  Dr.  R.  Gr.  Latham  proposes  to 
term  heautophon' ics. 
AcTOPHONiA,  Suicide. 
AUTOPHOSPHORUS,  Phosphorus. 
AUTOPLAS'TIC,  Autoplaa' ticua ;    from  avrog, 
'self,'    and   irXaaTiKog,   'formative.'     Relating  to 
autoplasty  or  plastic  surgery. 

AUTOPLASTICE,  Morioplastice, 
AUTOPLASTY,  Morioplastice. 
AUTOP'SIA,  Au'topsy  ;  from  avro;,  'himself,' 
and  01^(5,  'vision.'     AutopJi'ia,  Antoscop'ia.     In- 
spection; examination  by  one's  self ;  self-inspec- 
tion.    Often  improperly  used  for  the  folloTving  : 

AuTOP'siA  Cadaver'ica,  (F.)  Autopsie  ou  Ou- 
veHiire  cadaverique.  Attentive  examination  after 
death, — Examination  post  mortem,  Sectio  Oadav'- 
eris,  Dissection,  Nec'roscopy,  Nec'ropsy,  Necro- 
seop'ia,  Necrop'sia,  Necrop'sis,  —  practised  for 
the  purpose  of  investigating  the  causes  and  seat 
of  an  affectioQ  of  which  a  person  may  have 
died,  &e. 

Atjtop'sia  Cadaver'ica  Lega'lis,  Sec'tio  ca- 
dav'eris    legalis,    Obduc'tio,  is    the   examination 
after  death  for  medico-legal  purposes. 
AUTOPYROS,  Syncomistos. 
AUTOSCOPIA,  Autopsia. 
AU'TOSITE,    from    avros,    'self,'   and    mros, 
'  nourishment.'     A   single   monster,    capable  of 
deriving  nourishment  from  its  own  proper  or- 
gans, in  contradistinction  to  Omphalosite. 
AUTOTHERAPIA,  Vis  medieatrix  naturae. 
AUTUMN,  Autum'nus,  Phthiropo'ron,  (F.)  Au- 
tomne.     One  of  the  seasons  of  the  year,  between 
the  28d  of  September  and  the  21st  of  December. 
In  all  climates,  the  Autumn  or  Fall  is  liable  to 
disease ;  a  combination  of  local  and  atmospheric 
causes  being  then  present,  favourable  to  its  pro- 
duction. 

AUTUM'NAL;  Autumna'Ua,  (F.)  Autom-nal. 
Relating  to  Autumn^  as  Autumnal  Fruits,  Au- 
tumnal Fevers,  <fec. 

Autumnal  Fever,  generally  assumes  a  bilious 
aspect.  Those  of  the  intermittent  kind  are  much 
more  obstinate  than  when  they  appear  in  the 
spring. 
AUXESIS,  Augmentation,  Increase. 
AUXIL'IARY,  Auxilia'ris,  from  auxilium, 
'aid.'  (F.)  Auxiliaire.  That  which  assists,  or 
from  which  assistance  is  obtained. 

Auxiliary  Medicine  is  one  which  assists  the 
principal  medicine  or  basis.  It  is  synonymous 
with  Adjuvant. 

Auxiliary  Muscles  are  those  which  concur 
in  the  same  movement.  Some  anatomists  have 
applied  the  term  to  several  ligaments,  as  well  as 
to  the  fleshy  fibres,  which  hang  from  the  saero- 
epinalis  muscle. 

AUXILIUM,  Juvans,  Medicament. 
AUXIS,  Augmentation,  Increase. 
AVA,  Arva,  Kava.     An  intoxicating  narcotic 
drink,  made  by  chewing  the  Piper  methisticum. 
It  is  much  used  bv  the  Polynesians. 

AVAILLES,  WATERS  OF.  A  small  village 
in  France,  13  leagues  S.  S.  E.  of  Poitiers,  at 
which  there  is  a  cold  saline  chalybeate.  It  con- 
tains chlorides  of  sodium  and  calcium,  sidphate 
and  subcarbonate  of  soda,  iron,  &,c. 

AVANT-BOUCHE,   (F.)  Os  anti'cnm.     This 
name  has  been   applied  by  some  to  the  mouth, 
properly  so  called — in   contradistinction  to  the 
Arrih-e  boiiche  or  Pharynx. 
A  VANT-BRAS,  Fore-arm. 
AVANT-0(EUR,  Scrobiculus  cordis. 
IVANT-GOUT,  (F.)  Pragusta'tio ;   a  fore- 
taste; prsegustation. 


AYANT^MAIN,  (F.)  Adver'sa  Nanus.  The 
inside  of  the  hand,  when  extended. 

AVANT-PIEI),  (F.)  The  most  advanced 
part  of  the  foot. 

AVANT-POIGNET,  (F.)  The  anterior  part 
of  the  wrist. 

A  VELINE,  Corylus  avellana  (nut). 
AVELLANA,  Corylus  avellana — a.  Cathartica, 
Jatropha  curcas. 

AVE'NA,  Oats,  Bromos.  The  seeds  of  Ave'na 
sati'va.  Nat.  Ord.  Gramineee.  Sex.  Syst.  Tri- 
andria  Digynia.  (F.)  Avoine.  Oats  are  used  as 
food  for  man,  in  some  parts,  particularly  in  the 
North  of  England  and  Scotland.  When  deprived 
of  the  husks  they  form  Groats.  Reduced  to 
meal,  —  AvencB  Fari'na,  Oatmeal  —  they  are  ap- 
plied as  cataplasms  to  promote  suppuration.  The 
dry  meal  is  sprinkled  over  erj'sipelatous  parts. 

Oatmeal  gruel,  Water  (/ruel,  is  prepared  as  fol- 
lows : —  Take  of  oatmeal  ^ij  ;  soft  water  Oiss. 
Rub  the  meal  in  a  basin,  with  the  back  of  a  spoon, 
in  a  moderate  quantity  of  the  water,  pouring  off 
the  fluid  after  the  grosser  particles  have  subsided, 
but  whilst  the  milkiness  continues ;  and  repeat 
the  operation  until  no  more  milkiness  is  commu- 
nicated to  the  water.  Put  the  washings  in  a  pan, 
after  having  stirred  them  well,  in  order  to  sus- 
pend any  fecula,  which  may  have  subsided;  and 
boil  until  a  soft,  thick,  mucilage  is  formed. 

It  is  a  good  demulcent,  and  is  used  also  as  a 
vehicle  for  clysters. 

Atena  Excorticata,  Groats. 
AVEN^  FARINA,  see  Avena. 
AVENHEIM,     MINERAL    WATERS     OF. 
Avenheim  is  three  leagues  from  Strasbui-g :  near 
it  is  an  aperient  mineral  water. 

AVENNES,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Avenues  is  a  village  in  the  department  of  He- 
rault  in  France :  near  it  is  a  saline  spring,  the 
temperature  of  which  rises  to  84°  Fahrenheit. 

AVENS,  COMMON,  Geum  urbanum  — a. 
Water,  Geum  rivale — -a.  White,  Geum  Virgini- 
anum. 

AVERICH,  Sulphur. 

AVERRHO'A  BILIM'BI,  BiUm'li,  JSilimling 
teres.  An  Indian  tree,  which  has  a  fruit  that  is 
too  acid  to  be  eaten  alone.  It  is  used  as  a  con- 
diment, and  in  the  form  of  syrup  as  a  refrige- 
rant. 

Averrho'a  Caram'bola,  called  after  Aver- 
rhoes ;  3Ialiim  Coen'se,  Prunum  stella'tum,  Tain'- 
ara,  Conga,  Caram'holo.  An  Indian  tree,  whose 
fruits  are  agreeably  acid.  The  bark,  bruised,  is 
employed  as  a  cataplasm,  and  its  fruit  is  used  as 
a  refrigerant  in  bilious  fever  and  dj'sentery. 

AVER'SION,  Aver'sio,  Ajiot'rope;  from  arcr- 
tere,  (a  and  vertere)  'to  turn  from.'  Extreme 
repugnance  for  any  thing  whatever. 

AVERSION',  (F.)also  means,  in  therapeutics, 
the  action  of  medicines  which  turn  the  afflux  of 
fluids  from  one  organ,  and  direct  them  to  others; 
being  synonymous  with  eounter -irritation,  or 
rather  revulsion  or  derivation. 

AVER  TIN,    (F.)     A  disease   of  the  mind, 
which,  according  to  Lavoisien,  renders  the  pa- 
tient obstinate  and  furious. 
AVEUGLE,  Crecus. 

AVEUGLEMENT,  Cajcitas  — a.  de  Jour, 
Nj'ctalopia — a.  de  Niiit,  Henieralopia. 

AVICEN'NIA  TOMENTO'SA,  A.  Africa'na 
seu  resinif'era  seu  nit'ida,  Bon'tia  gerhninans, 
called  after  Avicenna.  The  plant  which  aSbrds 
the  JIalac'cu  Bean  or  Anacar'dium  Orienta'le  of 
the  Pharmacopoeias,  Semecar'pus  Anacar' dium. 
The  oil  drawn  from  the  bark  of  the  fruit  is  a  cor- 
rosive, and  active  vesicatory,  but  it  is  not  used. 
AVICULA  CIPRIA,  Pastil— a.  Margaritifera, 
see  Pearl. 


AYOm 


119 


AZTGOUS 


AVOIN,  Avena. 

AVORTEMENT,  Abortion. 

AVOBTER,  to  Abort. 

AVORTIN,  Abortion. 

AVORTON,  Abortion. 

AVULSIO,  Arrachement. 

AVULSION",  Evulsion. 

AX,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  As  is  a 
small  town  in  the  department  of  Arriege,  France; 
where  there  are  several  sulphurous  springs,  the 
temperature  of  which  varies  from  77°  to  162°  of 
Fahrenheit. 

AXE,  Axis — a.  de  V  CEU,  Axis  of  the  eye. 

AX'EA  COMMISSU'RA,  TrochoV des.  A 
pivot-joint.     See  Trochoid. 

AXIL'LA,  Ala,  Aseel'la,  Assel'la,  Ascil'la, 
Acel'la,  Cordis  emuneto'rium,  Male,  Hijpo'mia, 
Fo'vea  axilla'ris,  Alas'chale,  Ifas'chalis,  (F.) 
Aisselle.  The  cavity  beneath  the  junction  of 
the  arm  with  the  shoulder;  the  armpit;  (F.) 
Oreux  de  I' Aisselle.  It  is  bounded,  anteriorly, 
by  a  portion  of  the  pectoralis  major;  posteriorly, 
by  the  latissimus  dorsi.  It  is  covered  with  hair, 
contains  much  areolar  membrane,  lymphatic 
ganglions,  important  vessels  and  nerves,  and 
numerous  sebaceous  follicles,  furnishing  an  odor- 
ous secretion.  In  consequence  of  such  secretion, 
the  ancients  called  it  emuneto'rium  cordis. 

AX'ILLARY,  Maschalia'us,  (F.)  Axillaire, 
from  axilla,  'the  armpit.'  Belonging  to  the 
armpit. 

Axillary  Artery,  Arte'ria  axilla'ris ;  a  con- 
tinuation of  the  subclavian,  extending  from  the 
passage  of  the  latter  between  the  sealeni  muscles 
as  far  as  the  insertion  of  the  pectoralis  major, 
■when  it  takes  the  name  oi  Rractial. 

Axillary  Glands  are  lymphatic  glands  seated 
in  the  armpit;  into  which  the  lymphatic  glands 
of  the  upper  extremity  open. 

Axillary  Nerve,  Scap'ulo-hu'meral  (Ch.), 
Kerf  circonjlexe,  Artic'ular  nerve;  arises  from  the 
posterior  part  of  the  brachial  plexus,  particularly 
from  the  last  two  cervical  pairs  and  the  first 
dorsal.  It  is  chiefly  distributed  to  the  posterior 
margin  of  the  deltoid. 

Axillary  Vein,  Vena  Axilla'ris,  Vena  Si(ba- 
la'ris.  This  vein  corresponds  with  the  artery ; 
anterior  to  which  it  is  situate.  It  is  a  continua- 
tion of  the  brachial  veins  ;  and,  at  its  termination, 
assumes  the  name  Subclavian. 

AXINE,  Ascia. 

AXIRNACH.  An  Arabic  word,  used  by  Al- 
bucasis  to  designate  a  fatty  tumour  of  the  upper 
eyelid,  observed  particularly  in  children. 

AXIS,  Axon,  (F.)  Axe.  A  right  line  which 
passes  through  the  centre  of  a  body. 

Axis,  Cerebro-Spinal,  see  Encephalon  —  a. 
of  the  Cochlea,  Modiolus — a.  Cylinder  of  Nerve, 
see  Nerve  fibre — a.  Coeliac,  Coeliac  artery. 

Axis -OF  the  Eye,  (F.)  Axe  de  I'oeil,  called 
also,  Vis'ual  Axis  and  Optic  Axis,  is  a  right  line, 
which  falls  perpendicularly  on  the  eye,  and  passes 
through  the  centre  of  the  pupil. 

Axis,  H^mal,  Aorta  —  a.  Neural,  see  Ence- 
phalon. 

Axis,  is  also  the  second  vertebra  of  the  neck, 
Axon,  Epiistroph'eus,  Epis'trophus,  Ifaschalister  : 
the  Ver'tebra  Denta'ta,  (F.)  Essieii,  So  called, 
because  it  forms  a  kind  of  axis  on  which  the  head 
moves.  Chaussier  calls  it  Axo'ide,  from  a^mv, 
'axis,'  and  £ii5of,  'shape.' 

AXOIDE,  Axis — a.  Occipitale,  Rectus  capitis 
posticus  major. 

AXOiD'O-ATLOIP'EUS.  What  refers  to  both 
the  axis  and  atlas,  as  Axoido-atloidean  articula- 
tion. 

The  lesions  of  the  Axoido-atloidean,  are,  1. 
'Fracture  of  the  Proces'sus  Denta'tus,  2.  Rupture 


of  the  odontoid  ligament,  and  consequently  pas- 
sage and  pressure  of  the  process  behind  the  trans- 
verse ligament:  and,  3.  The  simultaneous  rupture 
of  the  odontoid  and  transverse  ligaments.  These 
difl'erent  accidents  are  fatal. 

AXOIDO-ATLOIDIEN,  Obliauus  inferior 
capitis. 

AXON,  Axis. 

AXUNGE,  Adeps  pra?parata. 

AXUNGIA,  Pinguedo— a.  Gadi,  Oleum  Jecoris 
Aselli  —  a.  de  Mumia,  Marrow  —  a.  Articularis, 
Synovia — a.  Piscina  Marina,  Oleum  Jecoris  Aselli 
— a.  Porcina,  Adeps  prajparata. 

AYPNIA,  Insomnia. 

AZARNET,  Orpiment. 

AZARUM,  Asarum. 

AZEDARACH,  Melia  Azedarach. 

AZEDARACHA  AMCENA,  Melia  Azedarach. 

AZOODYNA'MIA,  from  a,  priv.,  (,u>n,  'life,' 
and  Swa/iis,  '  strength.'  Privation  or  diminution 
of  the  vital  powers. 

AZO'RES,  CLIMATE  OF.  The  Azores  or 
Western  Islands  are  said  to  afford  one  of  the  best 
examples  of  a  mild,  humid,  equable  climate  to 
be  met  with  in  the  northern  hemisphere.  It  is 
slightly  colder  and  moister  than  that  of  Madeira, 
but  even  more  equable.  Sir  James  Clark  thinks, 
that  a  change  from  the  Azores  to  Madeira,  and 
thence  to  Teneriffe — one  of  the  Canaries — would 
prove  more  beneficial  to  the  phthisical  valetudi- 
narian than  a  residence  during  the  whole  winter 
in  any  one  of  those  islands. 

AZOTATE  B' ARGENT,  Argenti  nitras. 

A'ZOTE,  Azo'tum,  from  a,  priv.,  and  ^wrj,  'life.' 
Ni'trogen,  Al'caligene,  Gas  azo'ticum,  Xitro- 
gen'ium,  (F.)  Azote,  Nitrogene,  Air  gate.  Air 
vide,  is  a  gas  which  is  unfit  for  respiration.  It 
is  not  positively  deleterious,  but  proves  fatal, 
owing  to  the  want  of  oxygen.  It  is  one  of  the 
constituents  of  atmospheric  air,  and  a  distin- 
guishing principle  of  animals.  Vegetables  have 
it  not  generally  diffused,  whilst  it  is  met  with  in 
most  animal  substances.  It  has  been  variously 
called,  phlogistic  air,  vitiated  air,  &c. ;  has  been 
looked  upon  as  sedative,  and  recommended  to  be 
respired,  when  properly  diluted,  in  diseases  of 
the  chest. 

Azote,  Protoxide  of,  Nitrogen,  gaseous  ox- 
ide of. 

AZOTED,  Nitrogenized. 

AZOTENESES,  from  azote,  and  voao?,  'dis- 
ease.' Diseases  fancied  to  be  occasioned  by  the 
predominance  of  azote  in  the  body. — Baumes. 

AZOTIZED,  Nitrogenized. 

AZOTURIA,  see  Urine. 

AZUR,  Coral,  Smalt. 

AZU'RIUM.  A  compound  of  two  parts  of 
mercury,  one-third  of  sulphur,  and  one-fourth  of 
sal  ammoniac.  —  Albertus  Magnus. 

AZ'YGES,  Az'ygos,  Az'ygoiis,  sine  pari,  from 
a,  priv.,  and  ^uyoj,  'equal.'  Unequal.  The 
sphenoid  bone,  because  it  has  no  fellow.  Also,  a 
process,  Proces'sus  Az'yges,  Rostrum  spheno'ida' le, 
projecting  from  under  the  middle  and  forepart 
of  this  bone. 

AZYGOS  GANGLION,  see  Trisplanchnio 
Nerve. 

AZYGOUS  ARTICULAR  ARTERY,  see  Ar- 
ticular arteries  of  the  skull. 

Azygous  Muscle,  Azvgos  VvuIcb,  is  the  small 
muscle  which  occupies  tne  substance  of  the  uvula. 
—  Morgagni.  The  name  is,  however,  inappro- 
priate, as  there  are  two  distinct  fasciculi,  place<J 
along-side  each  other,  forming  the  Pal'ato-sta- 
phijli'ni,  Staphyli'ni  or  Epistaphyli'ni  museies, 
Staphyli'ni  nie'dii  of  Winslow. 

AzTGOtJS  Vein,  Vena  Azygos,  Veine  Prilovib**' 


AZTMIA  HXJMOBUM 


120 


BAIN 


thoraciquo  —  (Ch.),  Vena  sine  pari,  Vena  pari 
carens,  (F.)  Veine  sans  Paire.  This  vein  was  so 
called  by  Galen.  It  forms  a  communication  be- 
tween the  V.  cava  inferior  and  V.  cava  superior, 
permitting  the  blood  to  pass  freely  between  the 
two.  It  rises  from  the  vena  cava  inferior,  or 
from  one  of  the  lumbar  or  renal  veins,  passes 
through  the  diaphragm,  ascends  along  the  spine 
to  the  right  of  the  aorta  and  thoracic  duct,  and 
opens  into  the  V.  cava  superior,  where  it  pene- 


trates the  pericardium.  On  the  left  side,  the 
SEMI-az'ygos,  Left  hron'chial  or  left  superior  in- 
tercos'tal  vein.  Vena  denii-azygos,  V.  hemi-az'ygo, 
Veine  petite  prelombo-thoracique — (Ch.)  present?, 
in  miniature,  nearly  the  same  arrangement. 

AZYMIA  HUMORUM,  Crudity  of  the  hu- 
mours. 

AZ'TMUS,  from  a,  priv.,  and  ^v/iri,  'leaven.' 
Azymous  bread  is  unfermented,  unleavened  bread. 
— Galen. 


B. 


BABEURRE,  Buttermilk. 

BABILLEMENT,  Loquacity. 

BABUZICARIUS,  Incubus. 

BAC'APiIS,  Bach'aris.  A  name  given  by  the 
ancients  to  an  ointment,  described  by  Galen 
under  the  name  Ointment  of  Lydia.  It  was 
sometimes  employed  in  diseases  of  the  womb. — 
llipfiocrates. 

BACC^  BERMUDENSE3,  Sapindus  sapo- 
naria — ^b.  sen  Grana  actes,  see  Sambucus  ebulus 
— b.  Jujubse,  Jujube — b.  Myrtillorum,  see  Vaeci- 
nium  myrtiUus — b.  Norlandicas,  Rubus  arcticus 
— ^b.  Piperis  Glabri,  see  Piper  Cubeba — b.  Pisca- 
torise,  see  Menispermum  cocctilus  —  b.  Zizyphi, 
see  Jujube. 

BACCAR,  Bac'caris,  Bac'eharis.  An  herb 
used  by  the  ancients  in  their  garlands,  to  destroy 
enchantment.  Perhaps,  the  Digitalis  purpurea. 
Some  authors  have  erroneously  thought  it  to  be 
the  Asarum. 

BACCHARIS,  Baccar. 

BACCHI'A,  from  BaccJius,  'wine.'  A  name 
applied  to  the  red  or  pimpled  face  of  the  drunkard, 
f^ee  Gutta  rosea. 

BACCHICA,  Hedera  helix. 

BACHARIS,  Bacaris. 

BACHELOR'S  BUTTONS,  see  Strychnos  nux 
vomica. 

BACHER'S  TONIC  PILLS,  Pilulse  ex  HeUe- 
boro  et  Myrrhi. 

BACILE,  Crithmum  maritimum. 

BACIL'LUM,  Bacillus,  Bac'ulus,  Bac'cnhis  : 
'  a  stick.'  This  name  has  been  applied  to  a  kind 
of  troch,  composed  of  expectorants,  and  having 
the  shape  of  a  stick.  Also,  a  suppository.  Bacil- 
him  was  used  by  the  ancient  chemists  for  several 
instruments  of  iron. 

BACK-ACH  ROOT,  Liatris. 

BACKSTROKE  OF  THE  HEART,  Impulse, 
diastolic. 

BACOVE,  Musa  sapientum. 

B ACTYRILOBIUM  FISTULA,  Cassia  fistula. 

BACULUS,  Bacillum. 

BADEN,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Baden 
is  a  town  six  miles  from  Vienna.  Here  are  12 
springs,  containing  carbonates  of  lime  and  mag- 
nesia; sulphates  of  lime,  and  magnesia,  and 
j-oda;  and  chlorides  of  sodium  and  aluminum. 
The  water  is  used  in  diseases  of  the  skin,  rheu- 
raatism,  <fec.  There  are  two  other  towns  of  the 
Fame  name;  one  in  Suabia,  and  the  other  in 
Switzerland,  about  12  miles  from  ZUrich,  where 
are  mineral  springs.  The  waters  of  the  last  two 
are  thermal  sulY^hureous. 

BADEN-BADEN,  MINERAL  "WATERS  OF. 
Celebrated  thermal  springs,  situate  about  a  league 
from  the  high  road  to  Basle  and  Frankfort.  Their 
temperature  varies  from  130°  to  15i°  Fahrenheit. 

BADER,  Bather. 

BADIAGA.  A  kind  of  sponge,  sold  in  Russia, 
ihe-  powder  of  which  is  said  to  take  away  the  Uvid 


marks  from  blows  and  bruises  m  a  few  hours. 
Its  nature  is  not  understood. 

BABIANE,  lUicium  anisatum. 

BADISIS,  Walking. 

BADUKKA,  Capparis  badukka. 

BAG,  DUSTING,  see  Dusting-bag. 

BAGEDIA,  Pound. 

BAGNERES-ADOUR,  MINERAL  WATERS 
OF.  Bagneres-Adour  is  a  small  town  in  the 
department  of  Hautes  Pyrenees,  having  a  great 
number  of  mineral  springs ;  some,  cold  ehaly- 
beates ;  others,  thermal  salines ;  but  the  greatest 
part  sulphureous  and  warm. 

BAGNERES  DU  LUCHON  is  a  small  town 
in  the  department  of  Haute  Garonne,  on  the 
frontiers  of  Spain.  It  has  been  for  a  long  time 
famous  for  its  numerous  sulphureous  springs, 
the  temperature  of  which  is  from  69°  to  148°  of 
Fahrenheit. 

BAGNIGGE  WELLS.  A  saline  mineral 
spring  in  London,  resembling  the  Epsom. 

BAGNIO,  Baignoire. 

BAGNOLES,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.- 
Bagnoles  is  a  village  in  the  department  of  Orne. 
The  water  resembles  that  of  Bo.gntren  de  Luchon. 

BAGNOLS,  MINERAL  WATER<i  OF.  Bag- 
nols  is  a  village,  two  leagues  from  Mend'^,  in  the 
department  of  Lozere.  The  waters  are  hydro- 
sulphurous  and  thermal:  109°  lahrenheit- 

BAG 0 AS,  Castratus. 

BAGUEKAUDIER,  Colutea  arborescens. 

BAHA'MA  ISLANDS,  CLIMATE  OF.  The 
climate  of  the  Bahamas  is  not  considered  to  be 
well  adapted  for  consumptive  patients,  on  ac- 
count of  the  rapid  alternations  of  temperature, 
and  the  prevalence  of  winds,  often  of  a  dry,  cold 
character.  Still,  the  phthisical  valetudinarians 
from  most  portions  of  the  United  States  might 
derive  advantage  from  a  residence  there  during 
the  winter  months.  The  accommodations  are 
not,  however,  good,  or  numerous. 

BAHEL,  Colum'nea  longifo'lia.  A  labiated 
plant  of  Malabar,  whose  leaves,  bruised,  are  ap- 
plied as  cataplasms  to  suppurating  tumours. 

Bahel  Schulli,  Genista  spLnosa  Indica. 

BAIGNEUR,  Bather. 

BAIGNOIRE  (F.),  Baptiste'rinm,  a  Bathing 
tub.  Bagnio,  So'lium,  Pisci'na.  The  vessel  or 
place  in  which  bathing  is  performed.  Baignoire 
oculaire,  an  eye-bath, — a  small  vessel  for  bathing 
the  eyes. 

BAILLEMEXT,  Yawning. 

BAILLON,  Speculum  oris.  ^ 

BAIN,  Bath  — 6.  Ohaud,  Bath,  hot— 5.  Ele,.- 
triqiic,  Bath,  electric,  see  Electricity  —  b.  Entitr, 
Bath,  general  —  h.  de  Fauteuil,  Bath,  hip  —  h. 
Frais,  Bath,  tepid— &.  Froid,  Bath,  cold— 6.  J/a- 
rie,  Bath,  water — h.  jlledicinal,  Bath,  medicated 
— 6.  de  Pied,  Bath,  foot,  Pediluvium  —  b.  de  Sa- 
ble, Bath,  sand — b.  de  Siige,  Bath,  hip — h.  Tem- 
pers, Bath,  tepid,  B.  Temperate  —  6.   de   Tite, 


BAINS 


121 


BALSAM 


BAINS,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  These 
are  situate  at  Plombieres,  department  of  the 
Vosges.  They  are  said  to  be  saline  and  thermal 
by  some;  others  deny  them  any  medical  pro- 
perties. 

BALAMPULLI,  Tamarindus. 

BALANCE,  AREOSTATIC,  Areometer. 

BAL'ANCEMENT,  Gompensa' tion,  from  (F.) 
balance,  'a' balance,'  itself  from  bis,  'twice,'  and 
lanx,  'a  dish.'  A  law  of  teratogeny,  as  main- 
tained by  Geoffroy  St.  Hilaire,  by  which  exube- 
rance of  nutrition  in  one  organ  is  supposed  to 
involve,  to  a  greater  or  less  extent,  the  total  or 
partial  atrophy  of  some  other, — and  conversely. 

BALANDA,  Fagus  Sylvatica. 

BALANEUM,  Bath. 

BALANISMUS,  Suppository. 

BALANITIS,  Gonorrhoea  spuria. 

BALANOBLENNORRHCEA,  Gonorrhoea 
spuria. 

BALANOCASTANUM,  Bunium  Bulboeasta- 
num. 

BALANORRHCEA,  Gonorrhoea  spuria. 

BA'LANUS,  ffaXavos,  'glans,'  'an  acorn.'  The 
glans  penis.  Hence,  Balanoblennorrhce'a,  Blen- 
norrhoea  of  the  glans;  and  Balani'tis,  Inflamma- 
tion of  the  glans.  Suppositories  and  pessaries 
were  called  Bal'ani. 

Balanos  Phcenicos,  Date. 

Balanus,  Glans,  Suppository — b.  Myrepsica, 
Guilandiua  moringa. 

BALARUC,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Ba- 
larue  is  a  town  in  the  department  of  Herault, 
in  France.  The  waters  are  saline  and  thermal. 
They  contain  carbonic  acid,  carbonate  of  lime, 
carbonate  of  magnesia,  chlorides  of  sodium,  cal- 
cium, and  magnesium,  sulphate  of  lime,  and  a 
little  iron.  They  are  considered  tonic,  and  are 
lai-gely  used.  Their  temperature  is  about  118° 
Fahrenheit. 

Balaruc  Water,  Factit"ious,  (F.)  Eau  de 
Balaruc ;  Aqxia  Belliluca'na  is  made  of  simjile 
additions  water  (containing  twice  its  bulk  of  car- 
bonic acid)  f^xxss;  chloride  of  sodium,  3i'ss; 
chloride  of  calcium,  gr.  xviij  ;  chloride  of  mag- 
nesium, gr.  Ivi;  carbonate  of  magnesia,  gr.  j. 

BALATRO,  Bambalio. 

BALAUSTINE  FLOWERS,  see  Punica  gra- 
natum. 

BALBIS,  jSaX/Sts-,  'a  foundation.'  Any  oblong 
cavity.  —  Galen.  Hippocrates,  in  his  treatise  on 
the  joints,  gives  the  name  Balbito'des  to  the  ole- 
cranon ca'V'ity  of  the  humerus. 

BALBUS,  (F.)  Begue.  One  habitually  affected 
with  stammering.     A  stammerer. 

BALBU'TIES,  Psellis'mus,  PseVlotes,  Blae.'- 
sitas,  Baryglos'sia,  Dysla'lia,  3fogila'lia,  Ischo- 
pho'nia,  Battaris'mus,  Bamba'lia,  HcBsita'tio, 
Loque'la  bla:'sa,  (F.)  Balhutiement,  Begaiement. 
Stammering,  St.  Vitus's  Dance  of  the  Voice. 
Also,  vicious  and  incomplete  pronunciation,  in 
which  almost  all  the  consonants  are  replaced  by 
the  letters  B  and  L  :   Traulis'mus. 

BALCHUS,  Bdellium. 

BALD,  Athrix. 

BALDMONEY,  ^thusa  meum. 

BALDNESS,  Alopecia,  Calvities — b.  Limited, 
Porrigo  decalvans — b.  Partial,  Porrigo  decalvans. 

BALENAS,  Leviathan  penis. 

BALIMBAGO,  Hibiscus  populeus. 

BALINEATOR,  Bather. 

B ALINE  UM,  Bath. 

BALL.  Pila. 

BALLISMUS,  Chorea. 

BALLISTA,  Astragalus. 

BALLON,  Receiver. 

BALLONNEMENT,  Tympanites. 

BALLO'TA  F(E'TIDA,  B.  vulga'ria  seu  nigra, 


Marru'bium  nigrum,  Blade  Horehound,  Stinking 
IT.,  (F.)  Marrube  noir.  This  plant  is  esteemed 
to  be  antispasmodic,  resolvent,  and  detersive.  (?) 

Ballota  Lana'ta,  Leonu'rus  lana'tus.  A 
plant  of  the  Nat.  Family,  Labiatse,  Sex,  Syst. 
Didynamia  Gymnospermia,  which  grows  in  Si- 
beria. The  whole  plant,  with  the  exception  of 
the  root,  has  been  recommended  in  dropsy,  and 
in  rheumatism  and  gout,  as  a  diuretic.  It  is 
usually  given  in  decoction  (3SS  to  ^j  to  f^viij 
of  water.) 

BALLOTTEMENT,  (F.)  Agita'tion,  Succus'- 
sion,  3Iouvemcnt  de  Ballottement,  Bepercus'sion, 
means  the  motion  impressed  on  the  foetus  in 
utero,  by  alternately  pressing  the  uterus  by 
means  of  the  index  finger  of  one  hand  introduced 
into  the  vagina;  the  other  hand  being  applied 
on  the  abdomen.  It  is  one  of  the  least  equivocal 
signs  of  pregnancy. 

BALLSTON  SPA.  This  vUlage  is  situate  in 
Saratoga  County,  New  York.  The  spring  Sans 
Souci  belongs  to  the  class  of  Acidulous  Chaly- 
beates.  It  contains  iodide  of  sodium.  There  is 
also  a  sulphur  spring. 

BALM,  Melissa  —  b.  Apple,  Momordica  bal- 
samina — b.  Bastard,  Melitis  Melissophyllum — b. 
of  Gilead,  Solomon's,  see  Tinctura  cardamomi — 
b.  of  Gilead,  Poplar,  Populus  candicans  —  b.  of 
Gilead  tree,  Dracocephalum  Canariense  —  b.  In- 
dian, Trillium  latifolium — b.  Mountain,  Monarda 
coccinea — b.  Red,  Monarda  coccinea — b.  Stink- 
ing, Hedeoma. 

BALMONY,  Chelone  glabra. 

BALNEA  CCENOSA,  Boue  des  eaux. 

BALNEARIUM,  Hypocaustum. 

BALNEARIUS,  Bather. 

BALNEATOR,  Bather. 

BALNEOG'RAPHY,  Balneograph'ia,  from 
j3a\avEiov,  'a  bath,'  and  ypa<pr;,  *a  description.' 
A  description  of  baths. 

BALNEOL'OGY,  Balneolog" ia,  from  jSaAa- 
vtiov,  'a  bath,'  and  Xoyos,  'a  description.'  A 
treatise  on  baths. 

BALNEOTHERAPI'A,  from  PaXavuov,  'a 
bath,'  and  Bcpaireta,  'treatment.'  Treatment  of 
disease  by  baths. 

BALNEUM,  Bath  — b.  Acidum,  Bath,  acid  — 
b.  Alkalinum,  Bath,  alkaline — b.  Animale,  Bath, 
animal — b.  Antipsoricum,  Bath,  antipsoric  —  b. 
Anti-syphiliticum,  Bath,  antisyphilitic  —  b.  Are- 
nte,  Bath,  sand — b.  Gelatinosum,  Bath,  gelatinous 
—  b.  Mari«,  Bath,  water  —  b.  Medicatum,  Bath, 
medicated — b.  Sulphuris,  Bath,  sulphur. 

BALSAM,  BaV samiim,  Bol'eson,  Bel'eson,  (F.) 
Baume.  This  name  is  given  to  natural  vegetable 
substances,  concrete  or  liquid,  but  very  odorous, 
bitter,  and  piquant :  composed  of  resin,  benzoic 
acid,  and  sometimes  of  an  essential  oil;  —  which 
allow  benzoic  acid  to  be  disengaged  by  the  action 
of  heat ;  readily  dissolved  in  volatile  oil,  alcohol, 
and  ether;  and,  when  treated  with  alkalies,  afford 
a  soluble  benzoate,  and  throw  down  resin.  We 
know  of  only  five  balsams : — those  of  Peru,  and 
Tolu,  Benzoin,  solid  Styrax  or  Storax,  and  liquid 
Styrax.  (See  those  different  words.)  There  are, 
however,  many  pharmaceutical  preparations  and 
resinous  substances,  possessed  of  a  balsamic 
smell,  to  which  the  name  balsam  has  been  given ; 
but  they  differ  essentially  in  composition  and 
properties:  hence  the  distinction  of  balsams  into 
natural  and  artificial.  The  natural  balsams  in 
elude  the  five  before  mentioned;  the  artificial, 
the  remainder. 

Balsam,  Acous'tic,  Bal'samum  Acous'ticuf>i. 
(F.)  Baume  acousfique.  A  mixture  of  fixed  and 
essential  oils,  sulphur,  and  tinctures  of  fetid 
gums.  Used  in  cases  of  atonic  deafness,  dropped 
into  the  ear.     The  acoustic  balsam  of  Dr.  Hugli 


BALSAM,  AMERICAN 


122 


BALSAM,  PERUVIAN 


Bath,  iead— 6.  Tilde,  Bath,  tepid— 6.  Tree  froid, 
Bath,  cold — h.  de  Vapour,  Bath,  vapour. 
Smith  is  made  by  mixing  three  drachms  of  ox- 
gall with  one  drachm  of  balsam  of  Peru. 
.  Balsam,  American,  see  Myroxylon  Peruiferum 
—  b.  Anodyne,  Bates's  Linimentum  saponis  et 
opii. 

Balsam,  Apoplec'tic,  Bal'samum,  Apoplec'- 
ticum,  (F.)  Baume  apnplectique.  A  medicine 
eomposed  of  several  balsams  properly  so  called, 
resins,  and  volatile  oils.  It  is  of  a  stiff  consist- 
ence, is  worn  in  ivory  boxes  about  the  person, 
and  is  smelled  at  in  headachs,  &o. 

Balsam  Apple,  Momordica  balsamina. 

Balsam  op  Arcce'ds,  Bal'samum  Areai,  TJn- 
guen'tum  El'emi,  (F.)  Baume  d'Arcoeus.  A  soft 
ointment;  sometimes  emploj'ed  in  wounds,  ul- 
cers, (fcc.  It  is  made  by  melting,  with  a  gentle 
heat,  two  parts  of  mutton  suet,  one  of  lard,  one 
and  a  half  of  turpentine,  and  as  much  resin. 

Balsam,  Canada,  see  Pinus  balsamea — b.  Ca- 
naiy,  Dracocephalum  Canariense  —  b.  Capivi, 
Copaiba. 

Balsam  op  Carpa'thia,  Bal'samum  Oarpath'- 
icum,  (F.)  Baume  de  Carpathie.  The  resin  of 
the  Pinus  Cemhra,  a  tree,  which  grows  in  S'^^it- 
zerland,  Libya,  and  the  Krapac  mountains  in 
Hungary. 

Balsam,  Chalyb'eate,  Bal'samum  Cliahjbea'- 
twn,  (F.)  Baume  d'acier  ou  d'aiguilles.  A  mix- 
ture of  nitrate  of  iron,  alcohol,  and  oil,  prepared 
by  dissolving  needles  in  nitric  acid.  It  was  for- 
merly employed  in  frictions  in  pains  of  the  joints. 

Balsam,  Commander's,  Tincturabenzoinicom- 
posita — b.  for  Cuts,  Tinctura  benzoini  composita. 

Balsam,  Cordial,  of  Senner'ttjs,  Bal'samum 
Cordia'le  Senner'ti,  (F.)  Baume  cordiale  de  Sen- 
r,ert.  A  stimulant  medicine,  eomposed  of  the 
essential  oils  of  citron,  cloves,  and  cinnamon,  of 
musk,  and  ambergris.     Dose,  6  to  15  drops. 

Balsam  op  Fierabras.  A  celebrated  Spanish 
vulnerary  balsam,  mentioned  by  Cervantes  ;  the 
composition  of  which  was  oil,  rosemary,  salt  and 
wine.  (?) 

Balsam,  Spir'ituotts,  of  Fioraventi,  Bal'- 
samum  Fioraven'ti  spirituo' sum,  (F.)  Baume  de 
Fioraventi  spiritueux.  Different  products  of  the 
distillation  of  resinous  and  balsamic  substances, 
and  of  a  number  of  aromatic  substances,  pre- 
viously macerated  in  alcohol,  have  been  thus 
called.  The  Spirituous  Balsam  of  Fioraventi, 
the  only  one  now  used  in  friction,  in  chronic 
rheumatism,  is  the  first  product  of  the  distillation 
from  a  sand-bath.  It  is  entirely  alcoholic.  The 
Oily  Balsam  of  Fioraventi  is  obtained  by  re- 
moving the  residue,  and  distilling  it  in  an  iron 
vessel,  at  a  white  heat.  It  has  the  appearance 
of  a  citrine-coloured  oil.  The  Black  Balsam  of 
Fioraventi  is  the  black  oil,  obtained  when  the 
temperature  is  sufficient  to  carbonize  the  sub- 
stances in  the  cucurbit. 

Balsam  of  Fir,  see  Pinus  balsamea. 

Balsam  op  Fourcroy  or  of  Laborde,  (F.) 
Baume  de  Fourcroy  ou  de  Laborde.  A  kind  of 
liniment  composed  of  aromatic  plants,  balsams, 
resins,  aloes,  turpentine,  theriac,  and  olive  oil. 
Used  in  chaps  of  the  skin  and  nipples. 

Balsam,  Friar's,  Tinctura  benzoini  composita. 

Balsam  op  Genevieve,  (F.)  Baume  de  Gene- 
vieve. An  ointment  composed  of  wax,  turpen- 
tine, oil,  red  saunders,  and  camphor.  Used  in 
contused  wounds,  gangrene,  &c. 

Balsam  cr  Honey  (Hill's.)  A  tincture  made 
of  tolu,  honey  (aa  Ibj)  and  spirit,  (a  gallon.)  A 
pectoral,  used  in  coughs.  The  committee  of  the 
New  York  College  of  Pharmacy  recommend  the 
following  formula: — {Gum.  Benzoin,  ^v,  Bals. 
Tolvt.  gj,  Afellis  ^viij.  Alcohol.  Oiij  —  digest  for 
10  days  and  filter.)  See  Mel. 


Balsam  of  Horehound  (Ford's.)  A  tincture 
of  horehound,  liquorice-root,  eomphor,  opium, 
benzoin,  dried  squills,  oil  of  aniseed,  and  honey. 
It  has  the  same  properties  as  the  above.  See 
Marrubium. 

Balsam,  Hungarian,  see  Pinus  inughos. 

Balsam,  Hypnot'ic,  Bcd'samum.  ITypnot'icvm, 
(F.)  Baume  Hypnotique.  A  preparation  of  which 
opium,  hyoscyamus,  camphor,  and  some  other 
sedative  substances  form  the  basis.  It  is  used 
externally  in  friction,  to  provoke  sleep. 

Balsam,  Hyster'ic,  Bal'samum  Hyster'ieum, 
(F.)  Baume  Hysterique.  A  preparation  made  of 
opium,  aloes,  asafoetida,  castor,  distilled  oils  of 
rue,  amber,  &c.  It  is  held  to  the  nose,  applied 
to  the  navel,  or  rubbed  on  the  hypogastrium  in 
hysterical  cases. 

Balsam,  Indian,  see  Myroxylon  peruiferum. 

Balsam  op  Leictoure  of  Condom  or  Vince- 
GITERE,  Bal'samum  Lectoren'se.  A  strongly  sti- 
mulant and  aromatic  mixture  of  camphor,  saffron, 
musk,  and  ambergris,  dissolved  in  essential  oils. 
The  ancients  burnt  it  for  the  purpose  of  purifying 
the  air  of  a  chamber,  when  infected  with  a  disa- 
greeable odour. 

Balsam  op  Life  of  Hoff'man,  Bal'samum 
YitcB  Hoffman'ni,  (F.)  Baume  de  Vie  d' Hoffman. 
A  tincture,  composed  of  essential  oils  and  amber- 
gris, employed  internally  and  externally  as  a 
stimulant.  A  mixture  of  essential  oils  without 
alcohol  constitutes  the  Saxon  Balsam,  Bal'samum 
ajioplec'ticum,  B.  aromat'icum,  B.  cepthal'icnm,  B. 
Saxon'icum,  B.  nervi'num,  B.  Scherzeri,  B.  Sto- 
mach'icum.    Employed  in  friction  as  a  stimulant. 

Balsam  of  Life,  Decoctum  aloes  compositum 
— b.  of  Life,  Turlington's,  see  Tinctura  benzoini 
composita. 

Balsam  of  Locatel'li  or  Ltjcatel'li,  Bal'- 
samum Lucatel'li,  (F.)  Baume  de  Lticatel.  A  sort 
of  ointment,  composed  of  wax,  oil,  turpentine, 
sherry,  and  balsam  of  Peru,  coloured  with  red 
saunders.  It  was  once  administered  in  pulmo- 
nary consumption. 

Balsam  op  Mecca,  see  Amyris  opobalsamum 
—  b.  Mexican,  see  Myroxylon  Peruiferum  —  b. 
Natural,  see  Myroxylon  Peruiferum. 

Balsam,  Green,  op  Metz,  Bal'samum  Vir'ide 
Sfeten'sium.,  Bal'samum  Vir'ide,  (F.)  Bamne  vert 
de  Metz,  Baume  de  Feuillet,  Huile  verte,  O'leum 
ox'ydi  cupri  vir'ide.  This  is  composed  of  several 
fixed 'oils,  holding,  in  solution,  subcarbonate  of 
copper,  sulphate  of  zinc,  turpentine,  aloes,  and 
the  essential  oils  of  cloves  and  juniper.  It  is 
green  and  caustic,  and  is  employed  to  hasten  the 
cicatrization  of  atonic  ulcers, 

Balsam,  Nephrit'ic,  of  Fuller,  Bal'samum 
Nephret'icum  Fulleri.  A  liquid  medicine,  com- 
posed of  oils,  resins,  and  balsams,  which  have 
experienced  an  incipient  state  of  carbonization 
from  concentrated  sulphuric  acid.  It  was  given 
in  the  dose  of  15  to  30  drops  in  certain  affections 
of  the  kidneys. 

Balsam,  Nervous,  Bal'samum  Nervi'num, 
(F.)  Baume  nervin  ou  nerval.  A  kind  of  ointment, 
composed  of  fatty  bodies,  volatile  oils,  balsam  of 
Peru,  camphor,  Ac.  It  is  employed  in  friction 
in  cases  of  sprains  and  rheumatic  pains. 

Balsam,  Paralyt'ic,  op  Mynsicht.  A  sort 
of  liniment  or  soft  mixture  of  the  essential  oils 
of  different  aromatic  plants,  oils  of  turpentine 
and  amber. — Lemery. 

Balsam  of  Parei'ra  brava,  Bal'samum  Pa- 
rei'rm  bravce.  A  soft  mixture  of  balsam,  resin, 
muriate  of  ammonia,  and  powder  of  the  root  of 
Pareira  brava.  It  is  given  internally,  to  excite 
the  urinary  secretion. 

Balsam,  Peruvian,  see  Myroxylon  Peruife- 
rum— b.  of  Peru,  red,  see  Toluifcra  balsamum— 
b.  of  Peru,  white,  see  Myroxylon  Peruiferum. 


BALSAMADENDRON  GILEADEIs^SE       123 


BAMBOO 


Balsam  of  E,ackasi'ea  or  of  Eakasi'ri.  This 
Bubstance  is  of  a  yellowish-brown  colour ;  semi- 
transparent;  fragile,  when  dry,  but  softening  by 
heat;  adhering  to  the  teeth,  when  chewed.  It 
has  a  smell  similar  to  that  of  the  Balsam  of  Tolu, 
and  is  slightly  bitter.  It  is  brought  from  India 
in  gourd  shells,  and  has  been  employed  in  dis- 
eases of  the  urinary  and  genital  organs,  especially 
in  gonorrhoea. 

Balsam,  Riga.  Prepared  from  the  shoots  of 
the  Scotch  Fir,  macerated  in  spirit  of  wine.  In- 
ternally,  stimulant  and  diuretic;  externally,  a 
vulnerary.     See  Pinus  Cembra. 

Balsam  of  Saturx,  Bal'sanmm  SaUir'ni.  A 
solution  of  acetate  of  lead  in  spirit  of  turpentine, 
concentrated  by  evaporation  ;  to  which  camphor 
has  been  added.  This  balsam  was  applied  to 
hasten  the  cicatrization  of  wounds. 

Balsam  of  the  Samar'itan,  (F.)  Bawne  du 
Samaritain.  A  sort  of  liniment,  prepared  by 
boiling  together,  at  a  gentle  heat,  equal  parts  of 
wine  and  oil.  It  is  said  to  have  been  the  oint- 
ment used  by  the  Samaritan  of  the  Gospel  to 
cure  a  patient  covered  with  ulcers. 

Balsam,  Saxon,  Balsam  of  Life  of  Hoffmann. 

Balsam  of  Sulphur,  Bal'sanmm  Sul'2}huria, 
(F.)  Battme  de  Soii/re.  A  solution  of  sulphur  in 
oil. — B.  sulph.  anisa'tum,  (F.)  B.  de  Son/re  anise. 
A  solution  of  sulphur  in  essential  oil  of  aniseed; 
given  as  a  carminative. — B.  Sulph.  succina'tum, 
(F.)  B.  de  Soufre  succine.  A  solution  of  sulphur 
in  oil  of  amber.  —  B.  jSidpJiuris  terehinthina'tnm, 
Common  Butch  Drops,  (F.)  B.  de  soufre  terehin- 
thine.  A  solution  of  sulphur  in  essential  oil  of 
turpentine,  administered  as  a  diuretic. — The  Bal- 
sam of  Sulphur  of  RuLAXD  is  a  solution  of  sulphur 
in  linseed  oD.  or  nut  oil. 

Balsam  of  Sym'pathy,  Balsamum  Sympath'- 
icuu(,  (F.)  Baume  de  Sympathie.  A  balsam,  used 
in  the  days  when  sympathetic  influence  was 
strongly  believed  in.  It  was  composed  of  the 
raspings  of  a  human  skull,  blood,  and  human  fat, 
and  was  applied  to  the  instrument  which  had 
inflicted  the  wound. 

Balsam,  Thibaut's.  A  tincture  of  myrrh, 
aloes,  dragon's  blood,  flowers  of  St.  John's  wort, 
and  Ohio  turpentine.  Internally,  diuretic;  exter- 
nally, vulnerary. 

Balsam  of  Tolu,  see  Toluifera  Balsamum. 

Balsam,  Tranquil,  Bal'samum  tranquil'lum 
seit  tranquil' lans,  (F.)  B.  tranquille.  A  liquid 
medicine  emplqyed,  externally,  in  the  shape  of 
friction  :  it  is  prepared  by  macerating  and  boil- 
ing, in  olive  oil,  narcotic  and  poisonous  plants, — 
belladonna,  mandragora,  hyoscyamus,  kc. — and 
afterwards  infusing,  in  the  filtered  decoction, 
different  aromatic  plants.  It  was  employed  as 
an  anodyne. 

Balsam,  Turkey,  Dracocephalum  Canariense. 

Balsam  of  Tur'pentine,  Butch  Brops,  Bal'- 
samum Terehin'thincB.  Obtained  by  distilling 
oil  of  turpentine  in  a  glass  retort,  until  a  red 
balsam  is  left.  It  possesses  the  properties  of  the 
turpentines. 

Balsam,  Vervain's,  Tinctura  Benzoini  com- 
posita. 

Balsam,  Vul'neraey,  of  Minbere'rus,  Bal'- 
samum vulnera'rium  3Iindere'ri,  (F.)  B.  vulne- 
raire  de  Mindereb.  A  kind  of  liniment,  com- 
posed of  turpentine,  resin  elemi,  oil  of  St.  John's 
wort,  and  wax.  Employed  in  friction,  and  as  a 
dressing  to  wounds. 

Balsam  "Weed,  Impatiens  fulva  —  b.  Wound, 
Tinctura  Benzoini  eomposita. 

BALSAMADENDRON  GILEADBNSE, 
Amyris  Gileadensis  —  b.  Myrrha,  see  Myrrha. 

BALSAMARIA  INOPHYLLUM,  see  Fagara 
octandra. 


BALSAMEL^OIS^,  Myroxylon  PeruiPernm. 
BALSAM'IC,  Balsam'icus,  from  (iaXcrapov, 
'balsam.'  Possessing  the  qualities  of  balsams. 
Balsamic  odour:  —  a  sweet,  faint,  and  slightly 
nauseous  smell.  Balsamic  substance:  —  one  re- 
sembling the  balsams  in  property. 

BALSAMIER  ELEMIFERE,  Amyris  elemU 
fera  —  h.  de  la  Mecque,  Amyris  opobalsamum. 
BALSAMINA,  Momordica  balsamina. 
BALSAMINE,  Momordica  balsamina. 
BALSAMITA  FCEMINEA,  Achillea  agcratum 
— b.  Major,  Tauacetum  balsamita — b.  Mas,  Ta- 
nacetum  balsamita. 

Balsami'ta  Suav'eolens,  B.  odora'ta,  B.  ma- 
ris, Mentha  Saracen'ica,  M.  Boma'na.  Earn. 
CompositBB  Corymbiferse.  Sex.  Syst.  Syngenesia 
Polj'gamia  superflua.  A  j)lant,  common  in  the 
south  of  France,  and  cultivated  in  the  gardens ; 
where  it  bears  the  names  ilenthec^oq.  Grand 
baume,  Baume  des  Jardins.  Its  smell  is  strong 
and  aromatic,  and  taste  hot.  It  is  used  for -the 
same  purposes  as  tansey,  i.  e.  as  a  stimulant,  ver- 
mifuge, &c. 

Balsamita  Suaveolens,  Tanacetum  balsa- 
mita— b.  A'ulgaris,  Tanacetum  balsamita. 

BALSAMO-SACCHAEUM,  ElEeo-Saccharum. 
BALSAMUM,  see  Balsam,  Amj'ris  opobalsa- 
mum— b.  ^gyptiacum,  see  Amyris  oijobalsamum 
b.  Album,  see  Myroxylon  Peruiferum — h.  Alpini, 
Dracocephalum  Canariense — b.  Alpini,  see  Amy- 
ris opobalsamum  —  b.  Anod3'num,  Linimentum 
saponis  et  opii — b.  Apoplecticum,  Balsam  of  life 
of  Hoffmann  —  b.  Aromaticum,  Balsam  of  life  of 
Hoffmann  —  b.  Asiaticum,  see  Amyris  opobalsa- 
mum— b.  Braziliense,  Copaiba  —  b.  Calaba,  see 
Fagara  octandra  —  b.  Canadense,  see  Pinus  bal- 
samea  —  b.  Catholicum,  Tinctura  benzoini  eom- 
posita—  b.  Cephalieum,  Balsam  of  life  of  Ilofi"- 
mann — b.  Copaibte,  Copaiba — b.  CTCnuinum  anti- 
quorum,  see  Amyris  opobalsamum  ^ — b.  Hyperici 
simplex,  see  Hypericum  perforatum  —  b.  Judai- 
eum,  see  Amyris  opobalsamum  —  b.  Libani,  see 
Pinus  cembra — b.  Maria;,  see  Fagara  octandra — 
b.  e  Mecca,  see  Amyris  opobalsamum  —  b.  Mer- 
curiale,  Unguentum  hj'drargyri  nitratis — b.  Xer- 
vinum.  Balsam  of  life  of  Hoffmann — b.  Opodel- 
doc, Linimentum  saponis  camphoratum — b.  Oph- 
thalmicum  rubrum,  Unguentum  hydrargyri  ni- 
trico-oxydi — b.  Persieum,  Tinctura  benzoini  eom- 
posita— b.  Peruanum,  see  Mj'roxj'lon  Peruiferum 
b.  Saturninum,  Unguentum  plumbi  superacetatis 
—  b.  Scherzeri,  Balsam  of  life  of  Hoffmann  —  b. 
Stomachieum,  Balsam  of  life  of  Hoffmann  —  b. 
Styracis,  Styrax — b.  Styracis  benzoini,  Benjamin 
b.  Succini,.see  Snccinum  —  b.  Sulpburis  Barba- 
dense,  Petroleum  sulphuratum  —  b.  Sulphuris 
simplex,  Oleum  sulphuratum  —  b.  Syriacum,  see 
Amyris  opobalsamum  ^-  b.  Tolutanum,  see  Tolu- 
ifera balsamum —  b.  Tranquillans  seu  Tranquil- 
lum,  Balsam,  tranquil — b.  Traumaticum,  Tinctura 
benzoini  eomposita  —  b.  Universale,  Unguentum 
plumbi  superacetatis  —  b.  Viride,  Balsam,  green, 
of  Metz  ;  see  Fagara  octandra. 

BALSAMUS  PALUSTRIS,  Mentha  aquatica. 

BALSEM,  Amyris  opobalsamum. 

BAMBA,  Bamijoo. 

BAMBALIA,  Balbuties. 

BAMBA'LIO,  Bam'balo,  Bala'tro,  from  papr 
Paivu),  '  I  speak  inarticulately.'  One  who  stam- 
mers or  lisps,  or  utters  inarticulate  sounds.  Ac- 
cording to  Krause,  one  who  speaks  as  it  be  had 
pap  in  his  mouth,  or  as  if  the  tongue  were  para- 
lyzed. 

BAMBOO,  (F.)  Bambou,  Bambn.  Fmn.  Gra- 
minese.  Sex.  Syst.  Hexandria  Monogyni.*.  The 
young  shoots  of  Bambos  arundina'cea,  Arttn'do 
bnmbos,  Bambu'sa  ariindina'c^a,  and  of  Bumbi/» 
vtrtioiUa'ta,  contain  a  saccharine  pith,  of  whinb 


BAMBOS 


124 


BANDELETTE 


tte  people  of  both  tlie  Indies  are  very  fond. 
Ehey  are  sometimes  made  into  a  pickle. 

BAMBOS  ARUNDINACEA,  Bamboo  — b. 
Vertieillata,  Bamboo. 

BAMBUSA  ARUNDINACEA,  Bamboo. 

BAMIX  MOSCHATA,  Hibiscus  abelmoscbns. 

B AMM A,  from  /SaTrru,  '  I  plunge/  '  a  paint ;  a 
dye.'  Anciently,  liquids  were  so  called,  in  wbich 
certain  bodies  were  plunged,  to  moisten  or  soften 
them.  In  the  case  of  tea,  for  instance,  into  which 
bread  is  dipped,  the  tea  would  be  the  hamma. 

BANANA,  Musa  sapientum. 

BANANIER,  Musa  sapientum. 

BANAUSIA,  Charlatanry. 

BANC  B'HIPPOORATE,  Bathron. 

BANGAL,  (F.)  One  who  has  deformed  legs. 
It  includes  the  valgus,  compernia,  and  varus, 
which  see. 

BANGROCHE,  (F.)  A  vulgar  epithet  for  a 
rickety  individual. 

BAND,  PRIMITIVE,  see  Nerve  Fibre. 

BAN'DAGE,  Besma,  Syndes'mus,  Hypodes' 
mis,  Hypodesma,  Hypodes' mua,  (the  last  three 
signify  properly  an  under  bandage.)  A  hinder, 
from  Sax.  bindan,  'to  bind.'  This  word,  with 
the  French,  is  generally  used  to  express  tbe  me- 
thodical application  of  rollers,  compresses,  <&c., 
Ban'daging,  Syii' desis,  to  iix  an  apparatus  upon 
any  part, — corresponding  to  the  words  deliga'tio, 
fascia' tio,  fascia' rum,  applica'tio,  epid'esis.  With 
us  the  noun  is  usually  applied  to  the  result  of  the 
application,  or  to  the  bandage  itself; — a  sense  in 
which  the  French  employ  the  nord.Bande.  Ij^n- 
dages  are  simple  or  compound.  The  eimple  ban- 
dage is  equal,  if  the  turns  are  applied  circularly 
above  each  other ;  unequal,  if  the  turns  are  not 
accurately  applied  upon  each  other.  If  each  turn 
of  the  bandage  be  only  covered  one-third,  it 
forms  the  duloire  of  the  French;  if  the  edges 
touch  only  slightly,  it  is  the  mousse  ;  if  the  turns 
are  very  oblique  and  separated,  it  is  the  spiiral 
or  creeping,  (F.)  rampant ;  if  folded  upon  each 
other,  it  is  termed  the  reversed,  (F.)  renverse. 
By  uniting  various  kinds  of  bandaging,  we  have 
the  compound;  and  these  compound  bandages 
have  received  various  names  expi-essive  of  their 
figure,  or  of  the  parts  to  which  they  are  applied, 
as  capistruni,  sptica,  &c.  Bandages  are  divided, 
also,  as  regards  their  uses,  into  uniting,  dividing, 
retaining,  expelling,  compressing,  &c. 

Bandage  or  Roller,  Fas'cia,  Tce'nia,  Epi- 
des'mos,  Vin'cidum,  the  Bande  of  the  French,  is 
derived  from  (G.)  binden,  'to  bind.'  It  may 
be  made  of  linen,  flannel,  or  other  stuff  capable 
of  oifering  a  certain  resistance.  The  two  extre- 
mities of  a  bandage  are  called  tails,  (F.)  chefs, 
and  the  rolled  part  is  termed  its  head,  (F.)  globe. 
If  rolled  at  both  extremities,  it  is  called  a  double- 
headed  roller  or  bandage,  (F.)  Bande  d  deux 
globes. 

Bandage,  Body,  Manti'le,  (F.)  Bandage  de 
Corps,  is  used  for  fixing  dressings,  &c.,  to  the 
trunk.  It  is  formed  of  a  towel,  napkin,  or  some 
large  compress,  folded  three  or  four  times ;  the 
es-tremities  of  which  are  fastened  by  pins.  This 
is  again  fixed  by  means  of  the  scapulary  bandage, 
which  is  nothing  more  than  an  ordinary  ban- 
dage, stitched  to  the  anterior  and  middle  part 
of  the  napkin,  passing  over  the  clavicles  and 
behind  the  head,  to  be  attached  to  the  back  part 
of  the  napkin. 

Bandage,  Compressing,  or  Roller,  Fascia 
c>>mpressi'va  seu  convolu'ta,  (F.)  Bandage  com.- 
pressive  ou  roule,  is  the  simple  roller  with  one 
head;  and  is  employed  in  cases  of  ulcers,  varices, 
&c.,  of  the  limbs.  Whenever  this  roller  is  applied 
to  the  lower  part  of  the  limbs,  it  is  carried  up 


wards  by  the  doloire  and  reversed  methods  above 
described. 

BANBAGE  BIYISIF,  Dividing  bandage  — 
b.  en  Doloire,  Boloire. 

Bandage,  Eighteen-tailed,  Fas'cia  octod'- 
ecim  capit'ibus,  (F.)  Bandage  d  dix  knit  chefs. 
This  bandage  is  made  of  a  longitudinal  portion 
of  a  common  roller ;  and  with  a  sufiicient  num- 
ber of  transverse  pieces  or  tails,  to  cover  as  much 
of  the  part  as  is  requisite.  It  is  a  very  useful 
bandage,  inasmuch  as  it  can  be  undone  without 
disturbing  the  part. 

Bandage,  Galen's,  B.  for  the  Poor,  Fas'cia 
Gale'ni  seu  Pau'perum,  (F.)  Bandage  de  Galien 
ou  des  Pauvres,  Ga'lea,  is  a  kind  of  cueidlua  or 
hood,  (F.)  Gouvrechef  divided  into  three  parts 
on  each  side ;  of  which  Galen  has  given  a  de- 
scription.    See  Cancer,  Galeni. 

Bandage,  Hernial,  see  Truss  —  b.  Immo- 
vable, Apparatus,  immovable. 

Bandage,  In'guinal,  Fas'cia  inguina'lis.  A 
bandage  for  keeping  dressings  applied  to  the 
groin.  It  consists  of  a  cincture,  to  which  is  at- 
tached a  triangular  compress,  adapted  for  cover- 
ing the  groin.  To  the  lower  extremity  of  this, 
one  or  two  bandages  are  attached,  which  pass 
under  the  thigh,  and  are  fixed  to  the  posterior 
part  of  the  cincture.  This  bandage  may  be  either 
simple  or  double. 

Other  bandages  will  be  found  described  under 
their  various  names. 

Bandage,  Permanent,  Apparatus,  immovable 
— b.  of  the  Poor,  see  Cancer  Galeni;  and  Band- 
age, Galen's. 

Bandage  of  separate  Strips,  or  B.  of  Scul- 
TE'tus,  Fas'cia  fasci'olis  separa' tim  dispoa'itis  seu 
Scidte'ti,  (F.)  Bandage  d  bandclettes  eeparees  ou 
de  Scidtet.  This  is  formed  of  linen  strips,  each 
capable  of  surrounding  once  and  a  half  the  part 
to  which  they  have  to  be  applied,  and  placed 
upon  each  other,  so  as  to  cover  successively  one- 
third  of  their  width.  It  is  used  chiefly  for  frac- 
tures, requiring  frequent  dressing. 

Bandage,  Under,  Hypodesmis — 6.  TJnissant, 
Uniting  bandage. 

BANDAGING,  see  Bandage— b.  Doctrine  of, 
Desmaturgia. 

BAN'DAGIST.  One  whose  business  it  is  to 
make  bandages,  and  especially  those  for  hernia, 

BANDE,  Bandage.  The  woi-d  Bande,  in 
anatomy,  is  used  by  the  French  for  various  nar- 
row, flat,  and  elongated  expansions.  Bande 
d' Heliodore,  is  a  kind  of  bandage  for  supporting 
the  mammse. 

BANDE  A  U,  (F.)  A  kind  of  simple  bandage, 
which  consists  of  a  piece  of  cloth,  folded  four 
times,  and  applied  round  the  head.  There  is 
also  the  Bandeau  ou  Ifouchoir  en  triangle  or 
triangular  bandage,  a  kind  of  couvrecbef,  made 
of  a  square  piece  of  cloth,  or  of  a  handkerchief, 
folded  diagonally,  and  applied  round  the  head. 

BANDELETTE,  (F.)  Diminutive  of  Bande, 
Faaeiola,  TcBniola,  Vitta ;  a  narrow  bandage, 
strip,  or  fillet.     Also  Taenia  semicircularis. 

BANDELETTES  AGGLUTINATIVES, 
small  strips,  covered  with  a  glutinous  plaster. 
Vitta  agglutinan'tes.     See  Agglutinant. 

BANDELETTES  BEGOUPEES,  are  strips 
of  linen,  notched  on  one  edge,  and  covered,  on 
one  side,  with  ointment.  They  are  applied  to 
wounds  to  prevent  the  lint  from  sticking,  and  the 
la,ceration  of  the  cicatrix. 

BANDELETTE  SEMICIRGULAIRE,  Tje- 
nia  semicircularis — 6.  dea  Comes  d'ammon,  Corpus 
fimbriatum — 6.  des  Eminences  pyriformes.  Taenia 
semicircuIaris-^6.  de  V Hip>pocumpe,  Corpora  finv- 
briata. 


BANDURA 


125 


BARK 


BANDURA,  Nepentha  destillatoria. 
BANDY-LEGGED,  Cnemoscoliosis. 
BANEBERRY,  Actaa  spicata. 
BANGUE,  Bhang,  Bangi  or  Beng,  Sedhee, 
Siihjee.  Adanson  believes  this  to  be  the  Nepen- 
thes of  the  ancients.  The  largest  leaves  and  cap- 
sules without  the  stalks  of  Can'nabis  In'dica, 
(F.)  Chanvre  Indi en,  Indian  hemp,  probably  iden- 
tical with  G.  sativa.  Fainily,  Urticeae.  ;S'e*.  Syat. 
Dicecia  Pentandria.  The  leaves  and  flowers  of 
Cannabis  are  narcotic  and  astringent.  They  are 
chewed  and  smoked.  The  seeds,  mixed  with 
opium,  areca,  and  sugar,  produce  a  kind  of  in- 
toxication, and  are  used  for  this  purpose  by  the 
l^eople  of  India.  An  alcoholic  extract  of  the 
plant,  Churrus,  has  been  used  in  India,  and  since 
then  in  Europe  and  in  this  country  as  a  narcotic, 
and  anti-convulsive,  in  the  dose  of  from  half  a 
grain  to  ten  or  more.  It  requires,  however,  great 
caution  in  its  administration.  The  pure  resin — 
Oannahine — is  active  in  the  dose  of  two-thirds  of 
a.  grain. 

The  dried  plant,  which  has  flowered,  and  from 
which  the  resin  has   not   been  removed,  called 
Gunjah  or  Ganjah,  Haschisch,  Ilascliich,  Hachisch 
or  Chaschisch,  of  the  Arabs,  consists  of  the  tops 
and  tender  parts  only  of  the  plant,  collected  im- 
mediately after  inflorescence,  and  simply  dried. 
BANICA,  Pastinaca  sativa. 
BANILAS,  Vanilla. 
BANILLA,  Vanilla. 
BANILLOES,  Vanilla. 

BANISTE'BIA  ANGULO'SA.  This  plant, 
in  Brazil  and  the  Antilles,  passes  for  a  powerful 
sudorific,  and  an  antidote  to  the  poison  of  ser- 
pents. 

BANKSIA  ABYSSINICA,  Hagenia  Abyssi- 
nica — b.  Speciosa,  Costus. 

BANNIERES,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Bannieres  is  a  village  in  Quercy,  diocess  of  Ca- 
hors,  France.  The  waters  are  probably  chaly- 
beate. They  are  celebrated  in  amenorrhoea, 
cachexia,  jaundice,  <fec. 

BA'OBAB,  Adanao'nia  digita'ta,  of  Africa; 
iVaf.  Ord.  Bombacese  ;  one  of  the  largest  produc- 
tions of  the  vegetable  kingdom.  Its  fruit  is 
called,  in  the  country,  Pain  de  singe.  The  pulp 
is  sourish,  and  agreeable  to  eat :  and  a  refreshing 
drink  is  made  from  it,  which  is  used  in  fevers. 
Prospero  Alpini  and  Dr.  L.  Frank  think  that  the 
Terra  Lemnia  was  prepared,  in  Egypt,  from  the 
pulp.  All  the  parts  of  the  Baobab  abound  in 
mucilage.  The  bark  has  been  given  as  a  substi- 
tute for  cinchona. 

BAPTISIA  LEUCANTHA,  see  Sophora  tinc- 
toria — b.  Tinctoria,  Sophora  tinctoria. 
BAPTISTERIUM,  Baignoire. 
BARAQUETTE,  (F.)  A  name  given  by  Ra- 
sous,  physician  at  Nismes  in  France,  to  a  catar- 
rhal epidemy,  which  occurred  there  in  1761.  See 
Influenza. 

BARATHRON,  Juniperus  sabina. 
BARATHRUM,  Antrum. 

BARBA,  Beard — b.  Aaronis,  Arum  maculatum 
— b.  Capree,  Spiraea  ulmaria— b.  Ilirei,  Tragojso- 
gon — b.  Jovis,  Sempervivum  teetorum. 

BARBADOES,  see  West  Indies  — b.  Leg,  see 
Elephantiasis. 

B ARBAREA,  Erysimum  Barbarea— b.  Stricta, 
Erysimum  Barbarea. 

JBARBAROS'S^  PIL'ULiE,  Barharos'sa'a 
Pills.  An  ancient  composition  of  quicksilver, 
rhubarb,  diagridium,  musk,  Ac.  It  was  the  first 
internal  mercurial  medicine,  which  obtained  any 
real  credit. 

BARBE,  Beard — 6.  de  Bouc,  Tragopogon, 
B ABBE  A.  U,  Cyanus  segetum. 


BARBER-CiriRUR'GEONS.  A  Corporation 
of  Loudon,  instituted  by  king  Edward  IV.  The 
barbers  were  separated  from  the  surgeons,  by  18 
Geo.  II.,  c.  15 ;  and  the  latter  were  erected  into 
a  Royal  College  of  Surgeons  at  the  commencement 
of  the  present  century. 

BARBERS,  ARMY,  see  Bathers. 

BARBERIE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF, 
These  mineral  waters  are  half  a  leaguv  from 
Nantes.  They  contain  carbonic  acid,  chlorides 
of  magnesium  and  sodium,  sulphate  of  magnesia, 
carbonates  of  magnesia,  lime,  and  iron.  They 
are  used  as  chalybeates. 

BARBERRY,  Oxycantha  Galeni  —  b.  Ameri- 
can, see  Oxycantha  Galeni. 

BARBIERS.  A  variety  of  paralysis  chiefly 
prevalent  in  India;  and  by  many  considered  to 
be  the  same  as  Beriberi.  Beriberi  is  commonly 
an  acute  disease.     Barbiers  is  generally  chronic. 

BARBITIUM,  Beard. 

BAR-BONE,  Pubis,  os. 

BARBOTINE,  Artemisia  Santonica. 

BARBULA  CAPRINA,  Spirrea  ulmaria. 

BARCLAY'S  ANTIBILIOUS  PILLS,  Pilulas 
antibiliosas. 

BARDADIA,  Pound. 

BARD  AN  A,  Arctium  lappa  —  b.  Minor,  Xan- 
thium. 

BARBANE  PETITE,  Xanthium. 

BAREGES,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Bareges  is  a  village  in  the  department  of  Hantos 
Pyrenees,  near  which  are  several  springs.  They 
are  sulphureous  and  thermal,  the  heat  varving 
from  85°  to  112°  Fahrenheit.  They  contain 
chlorides  of  magnesium  and  sodium,  sulphates 
of  magnesia  and  lime,  carbonate  of  lime,  sul- 
phur, &,c.  These  springs  have  long  enjoyed  a 
high  reputation,  and  are  daily  advised  in  cutane- 
ous and  scrofulous  affections,  &c. 

Factitious  Bareges  Water,  Aqua  Baregi- 
nen'sis,  (F.)  Eau  de  BarSges,  is  made  by  adding, 
hydrosnlphuretted  water,  fgi^j  to  pure  tvater, 
f^xvijss,  carbonate  of  soda,  gr.  xvj,  cJiloride  of 
sodium,  gr.  ss.     Bottle  closely. 

BARGADA,  Convolvulus  pes  caprise. 

BARGOU.  An  alimentary  preparation  formed 
of  ground  oats,  boiled  to  a  proper  consistence 
with  water. 

BARIGLIA,  Soda. 

BARII  CHLORIDTJM,  Baryta,  muriate  of— 
b.  lodidum,  Baryta,  hydriodate  of. 

BARILLA,  Soda— b.  Alicant,  Soda— b.  Car- 
thagena.  Soda — b.  Turkey,  Soda. 

BARILLOR,  Soda. 

BARIUM,  Ba'ryitm,  Baryt'ium,  Pluto'nium, 
from  ^apvi,  'heavj'.'  The  metallic  base  of  ba- 
ryta, so  called  from  the  great  density  of  its  com- 
pounds. 

Barium,  Chloride  of.  Baryta,  muriate  of — 
h.  Chlorure  de,  Baryta,  muriate  of — b.  Iodide  of, 
Baryta,  hydriodate  of — b.  Protoxide  of.  Baryta. 

BARK,  Cinchona  —  b.  Bitter,  Pinckneya  pu- 
bens— b.  Calisaya,  Cinchona}  cordifolise  cortex — 
b.  Caribaean,  Cinchonas  CaribajEe  cortex — b.  Car- 
thagena,  see  Cinchona  —  b.  Crown,  Cinchonre 
lancifolia3  cortex  —  b.  Elk,  Magnolia  glauca — b. 
Essential  salt  of,  see  Cinchona  —  b.  Florida, 
Pinckneya  pubens  —  b.  Georgia,  Pinckneya  pu- 
bens  —  b.  Gray,  see  Cinchona  —  b.  Huanuco,  see 
Cinchona —  b.  Indian,  Magnolia  glauca  —  b.  Je- 
suit's, Cinchona  —  b.  Loxa,  Cinchonae  lancifoliw 
cortex — b.  Pale,  Cinchonae  lancifolise  cortex — b. 
Maracaybo,  see  Cinchona — b.  Peruvian,  Cincho- 
na—  b.  Pitaya,  Cinchonge  Caribaeae  cortex — b. 
Red,  Cinchonae  oblongifoliaj  cortex  —  b.  Saint 
Lucia,  Cinchonae  Cariba?ae  cortex  —  b.  Santa 
Martha,  see  Cinchona-  — b.  Silver,  see  Cinchons 
— b.  Yellow,  Cinchonae  cordifolise  cortex. 


BARLERTA 


12& 


BASIL 


BARLERIA  BUXIFOLIA,  Cara  sehulli. 

BARLEY,  PEARL,  see  Hordeum— b.  Scotch, 
Ilordeum — h.  Water,  Deooctum  hordei. 

BARM,  Yest. 

BARNET,  MINERAL  "WATERS  0F._  Bar- 
net  is  not  far  from  London.  The  water  is  of  a 
purging  quality,  like  that  of  Epsom,  and  ahout 
half  the  strength. 

BAROMACROM'ETER,  PeBdoharomacrom'- 
eter,  Pmdom'eter,  from  (iapos,  '  weight,'  fia/cpor, 
'  long,'  and  ^trpov,  '  measure.'  An  instrument 
invented  by  Stein  to  indicate  the  length  and 
weight  of  a  new-born  infant. 

B  A  R,  0  M '  E  T  E  R,  Baroscoiy' ium,  Ba'roscope, 
from  fiapog,  'weight,'  and  jizrpov,  'measure.'  (F.) 
Barometre.  An  instrument  which  measures  the 
weight  of  the  air.  A  certain  degree  of  density  in 
this  mediiim  is  necessary  for  health.  When  we 
ascend  high  mountains  great  inconvenience  is 
experienced,  owing  to  the  diminished  density. 
Changes  of  this  character  aa-e  indicated  by  the 
Barometer  or  weather-glass. 

BA'ROS,  fiapos,  '  heaviness.'  Employed  by  the 
Greek  physicians  to  designate  the  feeling  of  las- 
situde and  heaviness  observable  in  many  diseases. 
— Hippocrates,  Galen. 

BAROSCOPE,  Barometer. 

BAROSMA  CRENATA,  Diosma  crenata. 

BAROTES  SALITUS,  Baryta,  muriate  of. 

BARRAS,  see  Pinus  sylvestris. 

BARRE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Barre 
is  a  small  town,  six  leagues  from  Strasburg. 
The  waters  are  thermal,  and  contain  much  iron, 
ealcareovis  salt,  &c.    They  are  diuretic  and  tonic. 

BARRE  (F.)  Barrure,  Vara,  'a.  bar.'  A  pro- 
jection or  prolongation  of  the  symphysis  pubis  : 
— a  deformity  rendering  delivery  difficult. 

BARREE  (F.)  A  term  applied,  in  France, 
to  a  female  whose  pelvis  has  the  deformity  de- 
scribed under  Barre. 

BARREES,  {DENTS.)  The  molar  teeth, 
■when  the  roots  are  spread  or  tortuous,  so  that 
they  cannot  be  extracted  without  being  broken  ; 
or  without  a  portion  of  the  alveolar  arch  being 
removed. 

BARREL  OF  THE  EAR,  Tympanum. 

BARRENNESS,  Sterilitas. 

BARROS,  Terra  Portugallica. 

BARR  URE,  Barre. 

BARTON'S  FRACTURE,  see  Fracture  of  the 
Radius,  Barton's. 

BARYCOCCALON,  Datura  stramonium. 

BARYCOITA,  Baryecoia. 

BARYECOI'A,  Baryeoi'ta,  Bradyecoi'a,  Pa- 
raeu'sia  ohtu'sa,  Bisecoi'a,  Dysecos! a,  Avdi'tus 
diffio"ilis,  Ohaudi'tio,  Olaudl'tus,  A.  gravis,  A. 
imminu'tus,  Mypocopho'ais,  Hypochyro'sis,  (F.) 
JDurete  d' Oreille,  from  /^upuf,  'heavy,'  and  ax-oij, 
•  hearing.'  Hardness  of  hearing,  incomplete 
deafness.     See  Cophosis,  and  Deafness. 

BARYGLOSSIA,  Balbuties,  Baryphonia. 

BARYI  HYDRAS  lODATI,  Baryta,  hydrio- 
date  of. 

BARYLALIA^Baryphonia. 

BARYOD'YNE,  from  |3apvj,  'heavy,'  and  oivvri, 
'pain.'     A  dull,  heavy  pain. 

BARYPHO'NIA,  Bnrytjlos'sia,  Baryla'lia, 
fjoque'la  impedi'ta,  from  !3apvs, '  hm,vy,'  and  fuyvri, 
'  voice.'     Difficulty  of  voice  or  speech. 

BARYPICRON,  Artemisia  abrotanum. 

BARISOMATIA,  Polysarcia  adiposa, 

BARYSOMATICA,  Polysarcia  adiposa. 

BARY'TA,  from  (iapvg,  'heavy,'  Terra  ponde- 
ro'sa,  Bary'tes,  Prvtox'tde  of  Ba'riwn,  Heavy 
Earth,  Ponderous  Earth,  (F.)  Baryte,  Barite, 
Terre  pesante.  This  earth  and  its  soluble  salts 
are  all  highly  corrosive  poisv^ns.     It  is  never  em- 


ployed in  medicine  in  the  pure  state.  When  ex- 
ternally applied,  it  is  caustic,  like  potassa  and 
soda. 

Bary'ta,  Carbonate  of,  Barytce  Car'honaa, 
(F.)  Carbonate  de  Baryte,  is  only  used  officinaily 
to  obtain  the  mui-iate. 

Baryta,  Hydri'odate  of,  Baryta  Hydriodaa, 
Baryta  Hydriod'iea,  Hydras  Baryi  loda'ti,  (in 
the  dry  state, — Iodide  of  Barinm,  Barii  lod'i- 
dum,  B.  Joda'tum,)  has  been  given  in  scrofulous 
and  similar  morbid  conditions.  It  may  be  admi- 
nistered internally  in  the  dose  of  one  eighth  of  a 
grain  three  or  four  times  a  day,  and  be  applied 
externally  to  scrofulous  swellings,  in  the  form  of 
ointment,  (gr.  iv  to  ^j  of  lard.) 

Baryta  Hydriodica,  Baryta,  hydriodate  of. 

Baryta,  Mu'riatb  or  Hydrochlorate  of, 
Bary'toB  mu'rias,  Ohlo'ride  of  Ba'rium,  Ba'rii 
CMo'riduni  (Ph.  U.  S.),  Chlo'ruret  of  Ba'rium, 
Terra  pondero'sa  sali'ta  seu  muria'ta,  Sal  muri- 
at'icum  barot'ictim,  Baro'tes  sali'tus,  (F.)  Chlo- 
rure  de  barium,  is  the  combination  chiefly  used. 
The  Muriate  of  Baryta  may  be  formed  as  follows : 
Baryt.  Carbon,  in  frustulis,  R)j,  Acid.  Mvriut. 
f^xij,  AqucB,  Oiij.  Mix  the  acid  with  the  water, 
and  gradually  add  the  Carbonate  of  Baryta.  To- 
ward the  close  of  the  effervescence,  apply  a  gentle 
heat,  and,  when  the  action  has  ceased,  filter  the 
liquor,  and  boil  it  down  so  that  crystals  may  form 
as  it  cools.     Ph.  U.  S. 

It  is  given  in  the  form  of  the  Solu'tio  Iluria'tis 
Barytce,  Liquor  Barii  Chlo'ridi,  Ph.  U.  S.,  Aqua 
barytm  muria'tis,  (F.)  Solution  de  Muriate  de 
Baryte,  {Jifuriate  of  Baryta,  one  part ;  distilled 
water,  three  parts,)  and  is  employed  in  scrofulous 
cases,  worms,  and  cutaneous  diseases.  Exter- 
nally, to  fungous  ulcers  and  to  specks  on  the  " 
cornea. 

Baryta  Carbonas,  Baryta  (Carbonate)  —  h. 
Hydriodas,  Baryta,  hydriodate  of — b.  Murias, 
Baryta,  muriate  of. 

BARYTE,  Baryta — 6.  Carbonate  de,  Baryta* 
carbonate  of. 

BARYTHMIA,  Melancholy. 

BARYTIUM,  Barium. 

BAR  YUM,  see  Barium. 

BAS-FONI),^see  Urinary  Bladder. 

BAS-LASSE,  Stocking,  laced. 

BAS  VENTRE,  Abdomen. 

BASAAL.  The  name  of  an  Indian  tree,  the 
decoction  of  whose  leaves,  in  water,  with  ginger, 
is  used  as  a  gargle  in  diseases  of  the  fauces.  The 
kernels  of  the  fruit  are  vermifuge. 

BASANASTRA'GALA,  from  ^aaavog,  'torture,' 
and  aorpayaAos, '  the  astragalus.'  Pain  in  the  ankie 
joint ;  gout  in  the  foot. 

BASANIS'MOS,  from  ^acavilu.^,  'to  explore. 
'A  touch-stone.'  Investigation  or  examination' 
— Hippocrates,  Galen. 

BASE,  Basis,  from  iSanu,  '  I  proceed,' '  I  rest,' 
'I  support  myself.'  That  which  serves  as  a  foun- 
dation or  support.  That  which  enters,  as  a  prin- 
cipal matter,  into  a  mixture  or  combination.  In 
anatomy,  it  is  employed  in  the  former  sense,  as 
Base  of  the  Cranium,  Base  of  the  Brain  —  Basin 
seu  Pav linen' turn  cere'bri;  Base  of  a  process,  &c,, 
Base  of  the  heart — Basis  vel  coro'na  cordis.  In 
the  art  of  prescribing,  Basis  is  the  chief  substance 
which  enters  into  a  compound  formula. 

BASEMENT  MEMBRANE,  see  Membrane, 
basement. 

BASIATIO,  Coition. 

BASIATOR,  Orbicularis  oris. 

BASIL,  BUSH,  Ocymum  caryophyllatum — ^'o. 
Citron,  Ocymum  basilicum  —  b.  Common,  Ocy- 
mum basilicum — b.  Small,  Ocymum  caryophylhi- 
tum — b.  Wild,  Ch.enopodium  vnlgai-e — b.  Wild, 


BASILAD 


127 


BATH 


Cunila  mariana  —  b.  Wild,  Pycnanthemum  in- 
canum. 

BASILAD,  see  Basilar  Aspect. 

BAS'ILAR,  Baaila'ris,  Bas'ilary,  (F.)  Basi- 
laire.  That  which  belongs  to  the  base,  from 
/3a(7(f,  'base.'  This  name  has  been  given  to  seve- 
ral parts,  which  seem  to  serve  as  basis  to  others. 
The  sacrum  and  sphenoid  have  been  hence  so 
called. 

Bastlak  Abtery,  a.  hasila'ris,  A.  cervica'lis, 
(F.)  Artere  ou  Tronc  hasilaire,  A.  mesocephalique 
(Ch.)  The  union  of  the  two  vertebral  arteries. 
It  ascends  along  the  middle  groove  on  the  infe- 
rior surface  of  the  tuber,  and  is  supported,  be- 
neath by  the  Fossa  hasilaris.  It  terminates  in 
the  posterior  cerebral  arteries. 

Basilar  Aspect,  An  aspect  towards  the  base 
of  the  head. — Barclay.  Basilad  is  used  adverbi- 
ally by  the  same  writer  to  signify  'towards  the 
basilar  aspect' 

Basilar  Fossa,  (F.)  Gouttih-e  ou,  Fosse  hasi- 
laire, is  the  upper  surface  of  the  basilary  process, 
— so  called  because  it  is  channeled  like  a  Fossa 
or  Glitter.     The  Tuber  annulare  rests  upon  it. 

Basilar  Process,  Proces'sus  hasila'ris  ossis 
occip'itis,  P.  cuneifor'mis  ossis  occip'itis,  (F.) 
Apophyse  Bnsilaire,  Prolongement  sons-occipital, 
Ou'neiform  Process,  is  the  bony  projection,  formed 
by  the  inferior  angle  of  the  os  occipitis,  which  is 
articulated  with  the  sphenoid. 

Basilar  SI^fus,  Sinus  transversus. 

Basilar  Surface,  (P.)  Surface  hasilaire,  is 
the  inferior  surface  of  the  process.  It  is  covered 
by  the  mucous  membrane  of  the  pharynx. 

Basilar  Vertebra.  The  last  vertebra  of  the 
loins. 

BASIL'IC,  Basil'icus,  from  (iarriXiKos,  'royal.' 
This  name  was  given,  by  the  ancients,  to  parts 
which  they  conceived  to  play  an  important  part 
in  the  animal  economy. 

Basilic  Vein,  Vena  hasil'ica,  V.  cn'hiti  inte'- 
rior,  (F.)  Veine  Basilique,  Veine  cuhitale  cuta- 
nee  of  Chaussler.  This  vein  is  one  of  those  on 
which  the  operation  of  blood-letting  is  performed. 
It  is  situate  at  the  internal  part  of  the  fold  of  the 
elbow,  in  front  of  the  humeral  artery,  and  is 
formed  by  the  anterior  and  posterior  cuhital 
veins,  and  by  the  median  hasilic.  It  terminates, 
in  the  arm-pit,  in  the  axillary  vein.  The  an- 
cients thought,  that  the  basilic. of  the  right  arm 
had  some  connexion  with  the  liver,  and  hence 
they  called  it  hepatic.  The  vein  of  the  left  surva, 
for  a  similar  reason,  they  called  siolenic.  The 
Median  Basilic  Vein,  (F.)  Veine  mediane  hasi- 
Itque,  is  one  of  the  branches  of  the  preceding 
vein.  It  joins  the  median  cephalic  at  an  acute 
angle,  or  rather  by  a  transverse  branch,  and  re- 
ceives some  branches  of  the  deep  radial  and  cu- 
bital veins,  and  a  considerable  subcutaneous  vein 
— the  common  median. 

BASILIO  COMMUN,  Ocymum  basilicum— 6. 
Sativage,  grand,  Chenopodium  vulgare. 

BASIL'ICOX,  Baiil'icum.  'Royal,'  or  of 
great  virtue.  An  ointment,  composed  of  yellow 
wax,  black  pitch,  and  resin,  of  each  on«  part, 
olive  oil,  four  parts.  Hence  it  was  called  Un- 
ffuen'tnm  Tetraphar'macnm,  {rtr^acjia^jiaKa,  'four 
drugs.') — -Celsus.     Scribonius  Largus. 

Basilicox,  Basilicum,  of  the  Parisian  Codex, 
is  the  Onguent  de  Poix  et  de  Cire.  In  most  Phar- 
macopoeias, it  is  represented  by  the  Unguen'tum 
or  Oera'titm  Resi'ncs.  It  is  used  as  a  stimulating 
ointment.  See  "Ceratum  Resinse,  and  Unguen- 
tum  EesinEe  Nigras. 

BASILICUM,  Basilicon,  Ocymum  Basilicum 
—  b.  Citratum,  Ocymum  basilicum  —  b.  Majus, 
Ocymum  basilicum. 

BASILISCUS,  Syphilis. 


BASIO-CERATO-CHONDRO-GLOSSUS, 
Hyoglossus. 

BASIO-CER'ATO-GLOSSUS,  from  Pav,s, 
'  base,'  Ktpas,  '  cornu,'  and  yXcoo-tra,  '  tongue.'  A 
name  given  to  a  part  of  the  hyoglossus,  which  is 
inserted  into  the  cornu  of  the  os  hyoides  and  base 
of  the  tongue. 

BASIOCES'TRUM,  from  fiaai?,  'the  base,' 
and  Kcarpa,  '  a  dart.'  An  instrument  for  opening 
the  head  of  the  foetus  in  utero,  invented  by  Mes- 
ler,  a  German. 

BA'SIO-GLOS'SUS,  Hypseloglos' svs,  Hyoba- 
sioglossus,  Ypseloglos'sus,  from  jSaatg,  'base,'  and 
yXojo-o-a,  '  the  tongue.'  A  name  formerly  given  to 
the  portion  of  the  hyoglossus  which  is  inserted 
into  the  base  of  the  os  hyoides. — Riolan,  Thomas 
Bartholine.     See  Lingual  Muscle. 

BASIO  PHARYNG^'US,  from  Pacig,  'base,' 
and  (papvy^,  '  the  pharynx.'  A  name  given  to 
some  fibres  of  the  constrictor  pharyngis  medius. 
— Winslow. 

BASIS,  see  Prescription — b.  Cerebri,  Base  of 
the  Brain — b.  Cordis,  Radix  cordis — b.  Corporis, 
Sole. 

BASSI-COL'ICA,  Name  of  a  medicine  com- 
posed of  aromatics  and  honey.  —  Scribonius 
Largus. 

BASSIA  BUTYRACEA,  see  Spirit,  (Arrack.) 

BASSIN,  Pelvis — b.  Ocidaire,  Scaphium  ocu- 
lare. 

BASSINER,  to  foment. 

BASSINET,  Pelvis  of  the  kidney.  Ranunculus 
bulbosus. 

BAS'SORA,  GUM.  A  gum,  obtained  from  a 
plant  unknown,  which  came  originally  from  the 
neighbourhood  of  Bassora,  on  the  Gulf  of  Per- 
sia, whence  its  name.  It  is  in  irregularly  shaped 
pieces,  white  or  yellow,  and  intermediate  in  its 
transparency  between  gum  Arabic  and  gum  tra- 
gacanth.  Only  a  small  portion  is  soluble  in 
water.  The  insoluble  portion  is  a  peculiar  prin- 
ciple, called  Baesorin.  It  is  not  used  in  medi- 
cine; but  bassorin  enters  into  the  composition  of 
several  substances. 

BASSORIN,  see  Bassora  gum. 

BASSWOOD,  Tilia. 

BATA,  Musa  Paradisiaca. 

BATABAS,  Solanum  tuberosum. 

BATA'TAS.  The  inhabitants  of  Peru  gave 
this  appellation  to  several  tuberous  roots,  espe- 
cially to  Convolvulus  Batatas  or  Sweet  Potato. 
Our  word.  Potato,  comes  from  this. 

BATEMAN'S  PECTORAL  DROPS,  see  Pec- 
toral  Drops,  Bateman's. 

BATERION,  Bathron. 

BATES'S  ANODYNE  BALSAM,  Linimentum 
saponis  et  opii. 

BATH,  Anglo-Saxon,  ba^,  Bal'neum,  Bala- 
ne'um,  Baline'um,  Loutron,  (F.)  Bain.  Immer- 
sion, or  stay,  for  a  longer  or  shorter  duration,  of 
the  whole  or  a  part  of  the  body,  in  some_medium, 
as  water.  Act  of  plunging  into  a  liquid,  sand, 
or  other  substance,  in  which  it  is  the  custom  to 
bathe.  Plunge  Bath.  Also,  the  vessel  in  which 
the  water  is  put  for  bathing.  Also,  a  public  or 
private  establishment  for  bathing. 

In  Pharmacy,  a  vessel,  placed  over  a  fire,  an'l 
filled  with  any  substance,  into  which  another 
vessel  is  placed,  containing  matters  for  digestion, 
evaporation,  or  distillation. 

Bath,  Acip,  Bal'ne^tm  vc"idum  {Acid.  muriaU 
Ibij  ;  A^um,  cong.  Ixvi.  One  half,  one  third,  or 
one  fourth  the  quantity  of  acid  is  more  frcquentiv 
employed.) 

Bath,  Acid,  Scott's,  see  Scott's  Acid  Batb. 

Bath,  Air,  Hot,  ;iee  Bath,  hot — b.  Air,  warni, 
see  Bath,  hot. 

Bath,  Al'kaline,  Bal'neum  alkali'num.    ITiif 


BATH 


128 


BATISSE 


may  be  made  of  half  a  pound  or  a  pound  ofpearl- 
a-ih  or  of  carbonate  of  soda,  to  sixty-six  gallons 
of  water. 

Bath,  An'imal,  Balneum  Anima'le,  consists  in 
wrapping  an  animal  recently  killed,  or  its  skin, 
around  the  body,  or  some  part  of  it. 

Bath,  Antipsor'ic,  Bal'neum  antipso'rictim. 
Eecommended  in  cases  of  itch  and  other  cuta- 
neous diseases.  {Potass,  sidphuret.  ^iv,  Aqum 
eong.  Ix.) 

Bath,  Antisyphiht'ic,  BaVnevm  antisypJiiUt'- 
ioum,  3Iercu'rial  bath.  Made  by  dissolying  from 
tv/o  drachms  to  an  ounce  of  the  corrosive  chloride 
of  mercury  in  sixty  gallons  of  water. 

Bath,  Arm,  Brachilu'vhtm.  A  bath  for  the  arm. 

Bath,  Cold,  see  Bath,  hot — b.  Cool,  see  Bath, 
hot. 

Bath,  Dry,  is  one  made  of  ashes,  salt,  sand, 
&o.  The  ancients  used  these  frequently  for  the- 
rapeutical purposes. 

Bath,  Earth,  Arenatio. 

Bath,  Elec'tric,  (F.)  Bain  electrique,  consists 
ia  placing  the  person  upon  an  insulated  stool, 
communicating,  by  a  metallic  wire,  with  the 
principal  conductor  of  the  electrical  machine  in 
action.  The  Electric  Bath  produces  general  ex- 
citement of  all  the  functions,  and  especially  of 
the  circulation  and  secretions. 

Bath,  Foot,  Pedilu'vium,  (F.)  Bain  de  Pied, 
a  bath  for  the  feet. 

Bath,  GELAT'iuotrs,  Bal'ncum  r/elatino' sum. 
Made  by  dissolving  two  pounds  of  t/elatin  in  a 
gallon  of  water. 

Bath,  General,  (P.)  Bain  Entier,  is  one  in 
which  the  whole  body  is  plunged,  except  the 
head ;  in  contradistinction  to  the  partial  bath, 
Merobalane' nm,  Merobal'neum. 

Bath,  Half,  Scmicu'pinm,  Excathis'mn,  In- 
ccs'sio,  Inces'sKs,  is  one  adapted  for  half  the  body. 
Oae,  for  receiving  only  the  hips  or  extremities,  is 
also  so  called. 

The  Sitz-bath,  (G.)  Sitzbad,  of  the  hydropa- 
thists  is  a  tub  of  cold  water,  in  which  the  patient 
sits  for  a  variable  period. 

Bath,  Hand,  Ilamdu'vium,  (F.)  Bain  de  3Iain 
ou  JIanuluve,  is  a  bath  for  the  hands. 

Bath,  Head,  Oapitilu'rium,  (F.)  Bain  de  TCte 
ou  Oap>itiluve,  a  bath  for  the  head. 

Bath,  Hip,  Coxalu'vium,  (F.)  Bain  de  Fan- 
teail,  Bain  de  Sieye,  is  one  in  which  the  lower 
part  of  the  trunk  and  upper  part  of  the  thighs 
are  immersed. 

^ATH,  Hot,  Balneum  Cal'idum,  Zestolu'sia, 
(F.)  Bain  chaud,  is  a  bath,  the  temperature  of 
which  is  98°  and  upwards;  the  Warm  Bath 
from  92°  to  98°;  the  Tepid  Bath,  (F.)  Bain 
Tiede,  Balneum  tep>'idum,  from  85°  to  92°;  the 
Tesiperats  Bath,  (F.)  Bain  tempere,  from  75° 
to  85°;  the  Cool  Bath,  (F.)  Bain  frais,  from 
C0°  to  75°  ;  the  Cold  Bath,  Balneum,  frig' idum, 
Fririida'rium,  (F.)  Bain  froid,  Bain  tres  froid, 
(of  "some,)  from  30°  to  60°;  and  the  Vapour 
Bath,  Balneurn  vapo'ris,  (F.)  Bain  de  Vaf^eur, 
Etuve  Humide,  from  100°  to  130°,  and  upwards. 
See  Vaporarium.  A  Warm  Air  Bath,  or  Hot 
Air  Bath,  consists  of  air  the  temperature  of 
which  is  raised. 

Bath,  Med'icated,  Balnewn  Medica'tum,  (F.) 
Bain  medicinal,  is  a  bath,  formed  of  decoctions 
sr  infusions  of  vegetable  substances,  or  of  any  in- 
gredient, introduced  into  the  water  for  therapeu- 
tical puiposcs. 

BiTH,  JIercurial,  Bath,  antisyphilitic  —  b. 
*f  itro  -muriatic  acid,  Scott's  acid  bath. 

Bath,  Plunge,  see  Bath. 

Bath,  Sand,  Balneum  Are'na,  (F.)  Bain  de 
Sable,  consists  of  a  vesse^  filled  with  sand,  and 
placed  over  the  fire      Inlo  this  vessel,  the  one  is 


put  which  contains  the  substance  to  be  evapo- 
rated.    See  Psammismus. 

Bath,  Sea  AVater,  Balneum  Mar'ice,  (F.) 
Bain  3Iarie,  consists  of  a  vessel  filled  with  boil- 
ing sea  water,  or  salt  water,  in  which  the  vessel 
is  placed,  that  contains  the  substance  to  be  eva- 
porated. Bain  Marie  is,  however,  at  the  present 
day  often  employed  for  any  form  of  water  bath. 

Bath,  Shower,  Impln'vinm,  is  one  in  which 
the  water  is  made  to  fall  like  a  shower  on  the 
body.     See  Douche. 

Bath,  Sitz,  see  Bath,  half. 

Bath,  Steam,  may  be  formed  bj'  introducing 
steam  into  a  properly  closed  vessel  in  place  of 
water,  as  in  the  water  bath. 

Bath,  Succes'sion,  Transition  bath.  A  term 
applied  to  the  rapid  succession  or  transition  from 
a  cold  to  a  warm  or  hot  bath,  or  conversely. — Bell. 

Bath,  Sulphur,  Bal'neum  Sulph'vris.  A  bath 
much  used  in  psora,  and  other  chronic  cutaneous 
afi"ections.  It  may  be  composed  of  two  ounces 
of  diluted  sulphuric  acid,  and  eight  ounces  of 
sulphuret  of  potassium  added  to  each  bath. 

Bath,  Tan.  An  astringent  bath,  prepared,  at 
times,  by  boiling  two  or  three  handfuls  of  ground 
oak-bark, — such  as  is  used  by  tanners — in  two 
or  three  quarts  of  water,  for  half  an  hour,  and 
then  adding  the  decoction  to  the  water  of  the 
bath. 

Bath,  Temperate,  see  Bath,  hot — b.  Tepid, 
see  Bath,  hot. 

Bath,  Transition,  Bath,  succession. 

Bath,  Vapour,  see  Bath,  hot,  and  Vapora- 
rium— b.  Warm,  see  Bath,  hot. 

Bathing  is  much  employed  in  the  treatment  of 
disease.  The  cold  bath,  especially  the  cold  sea 
bath,  is  a  sedative  and  indirect  tonic  :  the  warm 
bath  a  relaxant;  and  the  hot  bath  a  stimulant. 

The  regular  use  of  the  bath  is  exti-emely  con- 
ducive to  health ;  but  if  too  much  indulged  in,  it 
is  apt  to  produce  injurious  effects. 

BATH,  MINERAL  WATEES  OF,  AqucB 
Batho'nia  vel  Bad'izce.,  ArjucB  iSolis,  Aqiice  Bud'- 
if/ucs.  Celebrated  thermal  springs  at  Bath,  in 
England.  They  contain  but  little  impregnation, 
and  are  chiefly  indebted  to  their  temperature, 
from  112°  to  117°  Fahrenheit,  for  their  utility. 
The  main  ingredients  are  sulphate  of  lime,  chlo- 
ride of  sodium,  sulphate  of  soda,  carbonate  of 
lime,  protoxide  of  iron,  free  carbonic  acid  and 
azote. 

These  waters  are  employed  in  the  most  hete- 
rogeneous cases ;  and  are  serviceable  where  the 
simple  thermal  springs  are  indicated,  as  in  rheu- 
matism, paralysis,  &c. 

BA'THER,  same  etymon  ;  Balnea'rins,  Bali- 
nea'tor.  Balnea' tor,  (F. )  Baigneur.  One  who 
bathes.  Anciently,  the  name  was  given  to  those 
that  administered  baths  to  the  diseased,  —  the 
Etnvistes  of  the  French.  At  the  present  day,  in 
remote  districts  in  Germany,  the  country  people 
call  their  medical  practitioners  Bader,  or  'bath- 
men,'  and  Feldscheeren,  or  'army  barbers.' 

BATHMIS,  Bathmns,  'base,  suipport.'  The 
cavity  of  a  bone,  Avhieh  receives  the  eminence  of 
another;  and  especiallj'  tlie  two  Fosscttes  at  the 
inferior  extremity  of  the  humerus  into  which  the 
processes  of  the  ulna  are  received,  during  the 
flexion  and  extension  of  the  fore-arm. 

BATHRON,  Bathrum  Jlippoc'ratis,  Scamjium 
Hippoc'ratis,  Bate'rion,  'a  step,  a  ladder.'  (F.) 
Banc  d'lJippocrate.  An  instrument,  used  for  the 
extension  of  a  limb,  in  cases  of  fracture  or  luxa- 
tion. The  description  of  it  is  found  in  Galen, 
Oribasius,  and  Scultetus,  with  a  figure. 

BATHRUM  HIPPOCRATIS,  Bathron. 

BATIA,  Retort. 

BATISSE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.     Ea- 


BATOS 


129 


BEBjEERU 


Visse  is  three  leagues  from  Clermont,  in  France. 
The  water  is  tepid,  and  contains  subcarbonate 
und  sulphate  of  soda,  sulphates  of  lime  and  iron, 
muriate  of  magnesia,  and  carbonate  of  lime. 

BATOS,  Rubus  Idssus. 

BATRACHUS,  Ranula. 

BATTALISM'US,  Battaris'mna,  from  jSarra- 
fav.  '  to  stammer.'  Balbuties.  Stammering  with 
incapacity  to  pronounce  the  R. 

BATT'ALUS,  Bat'tarus,  same  etymon.  A 
Stammerer,  a  stutterer. 

BATTARISMUS,  Battalismus. 

BATTARUS,  Battalus. 

BATTATA  VIRGINIANA,  Solanum  tubero- 
sum. 

BATTE2TENS  DOUBLES,  see  Bruit  du 
Cixur  fvetal. 

BATTEMENT,  Pulsation. 

BAUDRICOURT,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Baudricourt  is  a  town  of  France,  two  leagues 
and  a  half  from  Mirecourt.  The  waters  are  sul- 
phureous. 

BAUDRUCHES,  Condom. 

BAUHIN,  VALVE  OF,  Valve  of  TuL'nus, 
V.  of  Fallo'pius,  V.  of  Varo'lius,  ll'eo-coecal 
Yalve,  Ileo-colic  Valve,  VaV cula  llei,  Val'vula 
Colt,  V.  Ooeoi,  Oper'culnm  Hei,  Sphincter  llei. 
This  name  is  given  to  the  valve  situate  trans- 
versely at  the  place  where  the  ileum  opens  into 
the  coecum,  and  which  Bauhin  says  he  discovered 
at  Paris,  in  1759.  It  had,  however,  been  pre- 
viously described  by  several  anatomists;  as  by 
Yidus  Vidius,  Postius,  &o. 

BAUME,  Balsam — b.  d'Aeier,  Balsam,  chaly- 
beate— b.  Aromatique,  Balsam,  aromatic — b.  d' Ai- 
guilles, Balsam,  chalybeate — b.  Apoplectique,  Bal- 
sam, apoplectic — 6.  d'Arccsus,  Arcajus,  balsam  of; 
see,  also,  Balsam  of  Arcseus  —  b.  d'Arceua,  Un- 
guentum  elemi  eompositum— 6.  Benjoin,  Benjamin 
b.  Blanc,  see  Amyris  Opobalsamum — b.  du  Bresil, 
Copaiba — b.  de  Canada,  see  Pinus  balsamea — b. 
de  Cannelle,  Laurus  cinnamomum — h.  de  Carpa- 
thie,  Balsam  of  Carpathia — h.  de  CartJiac/ene,  see 
Toluifera  balsamum — b.  de  Constantinople  blanc, 
see  Amyris  opobalsamum — -b.  de  Copahu,  Copaiba 
—  b.  Cordiale  de  Sennerte,  Balsam,  cordial,  of 
Sennertus  —  b.  d'Eau  d  fenilles  ridees,  Mentha 
crispa — b.  de  FeuiUet,  Balsam,  green,  of  Metz  — 
b.  de  Fioraventi  spirititeuse.  Balsam,  spirituous, 
of  Fioraventi  —  b.  de  Fourcroy  ou  de  Laborde, 
Balsam  of  Fourcroy  or  Laborde  —  b.  de  Galaad, 
see  Amyris  opobalsamum  —  6.  de  Genevieve,  Bal- 
sam of  Genevieve  —  h.  Grand,  Tanacetum  bal- 
samita  —  b.  du  Grand  Caire,  see  Amyris  opobal- 
samum—  b.  Hypnotique,  Balsam,  Hypnotic  —  b. 
Hi/stiriqne,  Balsam,  hysteric  —  h.  des  Jardins, 
Mentha  viridis  —  b.  de  Lucatel,  Balsam,  Luca- 
telli's — b.  Nervin,  Balsam,  nervous — b.  de  Perou, 
see  Myroxylon  Peruiferum  —  b.  du  Sumaritain, 
Balsam  of  the  Samaritan  —  b.  Saxon,  Balsam, 
Saxon  —  b.  de  Soufre,  Balsam  of  sulfur  —  b. 
de  Synipathie,  Balsam  of  sympathy  —  b.  Tran- 
qnille.  Balsam,  tranquil  —  b.  de  Tolu,  see  Tolui- 
fera balsamum — b.  de  Vanille,  Vanilla — b.  Vert, 
see  Fagara  octandra  —  6.  Vert  de  Metz,  Balsam, 
green,  of  Metz  —  b.  de  Vie  d' Hoffmann,  Balsam 
of  Life,  of  Hoffmann — b.  de  Vie  de  Lelievre,  Tinc- 
tura  aloes  composita  —  6.  Vrai,  see  Amyris  opo- 
balsamum—  b.  Vulneraire  de  Minderer,  Balsam, 
vulnerary,  of  Mindererus. 

BAURAC,  (Arab.)  Nitre,  or  salt  in  general. 
From  this  word  comes  Borax. 

BAURIN,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Baurin 
is  a  village  ibur  leagues  from  Roye,  department 
of  Somme.     The  waters  are  strongly  chalybeate. 

BAVE,  (F.)  Sali'va  ex  ore  fiuens,  Spuma,  Hu- 
mor Sali'vus.  Frothy,  thick,  viscid  saliva,  issu- 
ing from  the  mouth.     This  drivelling  or  slaver- 


ing, we  see  in  children,  old  people,  <S;e.  The  term 
is,  also,  applied  to  the  frothy  liquid,  which  flows 
from  the  mouth  of  rabid  animals.  Sauvages  uses 
it  synonymously  with  salivation. 

BAY,  CASTOR,  Magnolia  glauea  — b.  Rose, 
Rhododendron  chrysanthemum  —  b.  Rose,  Ame- 
rican, Pbhododendron  maximum — b.  Sweet,  Lau- 
rus —  b.  White,  Magnolia  glauea  and  M.  macro- 
phylla. 

BDALSIS,  Sucking. 

BDELLA,  Hirudo. 

BDEL'LIUM.  Myrrha  imperfec'ta,  Bolclion, 
Madeleon,  Balohus.  A  gum-resin,  brought  from 
the  Levant  and  India,  and  supposed  to  be  ob- 
tained from  a  species  of  Amyris,  little  known. 
It  is  solid,  brittle,  of  a  deep  brown  colour,  of  an 
acrid  and  bitter  taste,  and  sweet  odour.  It  was 
much  vaunted  by  the  ancients,  but  is  now  little 
employed.  Two  different  gum-resins  have  been 
in  the  shops  distinguished  by  the  names  Indian 
and  African  bdellium.  Dr.  Royle  was  informed 
that  the  former  was  obtained  from  Am'yris  Com- 
miph'ora,  growing  in  India  and  Madagascar. 
The  latter  is  said  to  be  from  Heudelo'tia  Afri- 
ca'na,  which  grows  in  Senegal. 

BDELLOM'ETER,  from  fiSeWa,  'a  leech,'  and 
fiETpov,  '  measure.'  An  instrument,  proposed  as 
a  substitute  for  the  leech ;  inasmuch  as  we  can 
tell  the  quantity  of  blood  obtained  by  it,  whUst 
we  cannot  by  the  leech.  It  consists  of  a  cupping- 
glass,  to  which  a  scarificator  and  exhausting 
syringe  are  attached. 

BDELLUS,  Fart. 

BDELYGMIA,  Fart. 

BDELTGMUS,  Fart. 

BDESMA,  Flatulence. 

BDOLUS,  Fart. 

BEAD  TREE,  Melia  Azedarach. 

BEAN,  CARTHAGENA,  Habilla  de  Cartha- 
gena  —  b.  Egyptian,  Nymphaa  nelumbo  —  b. 
French,  Phaseolus  vulgaris  —  b.  Garden,  com- 
mon, Vicia  faba — b.  Indian,  Catalpa — b.  Kidney, 
Phaseolus  vulgaris  —  b.  Malacca,  Avicennia  to- 
mentosa  —  b.  Pontic,  Nymphasa  nelumbo — ^b. 
Red,  Abrus  precatorius  —  b.  Sacred,  Nelumbium 
luteum  —  b.  St.  Ignatius's,  IgTiatia  amara  —  b. 
Trefoil  tree,  see  Cytisine. 

BEAN  TREE,  WHITE,  Crataegus  aria. 

BEARBERRY,  Arbutus  uva  ursi. 

BEARD,  Barba,  Pogon,  Genei'on,  Barbi'tium, 
(F.)  Barbe.  The  hair  which  covers  a  part  of  the 
cheeks,  the  lips,  and  chin  of  the  male  sex,  at  the 
age  of  puberty. 

BEAR'S  BREECH,  Acanthus  mollis— b.  Foot, 
Helleborus  fostidus  —  b.  Fright,  Heptallon  gra- 
veolens — b.  Whortleberry,  Arbutus  uva  ursi. 

BEARWEED,  Veratrum  viiide. 

BEASTINGS,  Colostrum. 

BEATING  OF  THE  HEART,  see  Heart. 

BEAUGENCY,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Beaugency  is  a  quarter  of  a  league  from  Orleans. 
The  waters  contain  subcarbonate  of  soda,  iron, 
magnesia,  and  lime.  They  are  tonic  and  ape- 
rient. 

BEAUMONT  ROOT,  Gillenia  trifoliata. 

BEAUVAIS,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
These  waters  are  chalybeate.  Beauvais  is  in 
Picardie,  France. 

BEAVER,  Castor  fiber  — b.  Wood,  Magnolia 
glauea — b.  Tree,  Magnolia  macrophylla. 

BEBEERIA.  see  JBebeeru. 

BEBEERINE,  see  Bebeeru. 

BEBEERU,  Sipeeri.  A  tree  of  British  Gui- 
ana, which  yields  two  alkalies — Bebeerin,  Bebee- 
ri'na,  Bebee'ria,  and  Sipeerine ;  and  in  its  pro- 
perties resembles  the  Cinchona.  It  has  been  re- 
ferred to  Nectan' dra  Rodiei.  The  timber  of  th» 
tree  is  known  to  ship-builders  by  the  name  gree-m. 


hEV 


130 


BELLESME 


"Keart.  The  Sulphate  of  Beheeria  has  been  em- 
ployed in  intermittents.  Warhurg's  Fever  Drops, 
Tinctu'ra  antifebri' lis  Warhur'gi,  an  empirical 
antipeiiodic  preparation,  have  by  some  been  con- 
sidered to  be  a  tincture  of  the  seeds  of  the  Be- 
beeru,  but  this  is  questionable. 

BEG,  (F.)  Rostrum,  Beak.  This  name  has 
been  applied  to  various  parts. 

BEC  CORAOOIDIEN,  (F.)  Cor'acoid  beak, 
\i  the  end  of  the  coracoid  process. 

BEG  BE  GUILLER,  Ham'ulus.  An  instru- 
ment used  for  the  extraction  of  balls.  It  consists 
of  an  iron  rod,  7  or  8  inches  long,  having  at  one 
extremity  a  small  cavity,  into  which  the  ball  is 
received  to  be  drawn  outwards.  See  Coehleari- 
formis.  ^ 

BEG  BE  GRUE  MUSQUE,  Geranium  Mos- 
chatum — 6.  de  Griie  Bobertin,  Geranium  Roberti- 
anum — b.  de  Lievre,  Harelip. 

BEG  BE  LA  PLUME  A  ECRTRE,  (F.) 
Beak  of  the  Galamus  Scripto'rius,  is  a  small  cavity 
at  the  superior  part  of  the  medulla  oblongata, 
which  forms  part  of  the  4th  ventricle. 

BEG  (Le,)  mineral  AVATERS  OF.  Bee 
is  sis  leagues  from  Rouen,  in  Normandy.  The 
water  is  strongly  chalybeate. 

BBCCABUNGA,  Veronica  Beceabunga. 

BBCH^STHE'SIS,  from  ffn^,  'cough,'  and 
aiadridLs,  'sensation.'  The  excitement  or  desire 
to  cough. 

BECHIA,  Tussis. 

BECHIAS,  Tussis. 

BE'CHICS,  Be'cMca,  Becha,  Bec'chica,  Be'- 
ehita,  from  (irj^,  'cough,'  (F.)  Bechiqv.es.  Medi- 
cines adapted  for  allaying  cough. 

BECHITA,  Be  chic. 

BECHIUM,  Tussilago. 

BECHORTHOPN(EA,  Pertussis. 

BECUIBA,  Ibicuiba. 

BED'EGAR,  Bedeguar,  Bedegnard,  Spon'gia 
Cynos'bati,  Fungus  Rosa'riim,  F.  Gynos'hati,  (F.) 
Pomme  mousseuse,  Ep)onge  d'eglantier.  An  ex- 
crescence, which  makes  its  appearance  on  dif- 
ferent species  of  wild  roses,  and  which  is  pro- 
duced by  the  puncture  of  a  small  insect, —  Gy- 
nipa  RoscB.  It  was  formerly  employed  as  a 
iidiontriptie  and  vermifuge,  but  is  not  now  used. 
It  was  slightly  astringent. 

BEDFORD,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Bed- 
ford is  a  village,  situate  on  the  great  Western 
Turnpike  road  from  Philadelphia  to  Pittsburg,  a 
few  miles  east  of  the  chief  elevation  of  the  Alle- 
ghany mountains.  There  are  various  springs, 
saline,  chalybeate  and  sulphureous. — The  most 
celebrated  contains  carbonic  acid,  sulphate  of 
magnesia,  chlorides  of  sodium  and  calcium,  and 
carbonate  of  iron. 

BEDSTRAW,    Galium  verum  —  b.  Ladies, 
greater,   Galium   mollugo,    Galium   verum  —  b. 
Rough,    Galium   asprellum  —  b.  Ladies,   rough, 
'.  Galium  asprellum. 

BEE,  Sax. beo.  Apis,  A.  mellifica  seu  domest'iea, 
ifelis'sa,  Melitta,  (F.)  Abcille.  This  insect  was 
formerly  exhibited,  when  dried  and  powdered,  as 
•  diuretic. 

Bee  tn  the  Bo^■~s^ET,  see  Insanity. 

BEEBREAD,  Propolis. 

BEECH,  Fagus  sylvatica — b.  Drop,  Orobanehe 
Virginiana  —  b.  Drops,  false,  Hypopitys  lanugi- 
nosa—  b.  Albany,  Pterospora  Andromedea  —  b. 
Mast,  see  Fagus  sylvatica. 

BEEF  ESSENCE,  see  Beef  tea. 
Beep  Tk^,  Jus  bovi'num.  An  infusion  of  beef, 
much  Uoed  iu  debilitating  mahidies,  and  in  con- 
val.-seence.  It  maybe  m.ado  as  follows:  Take 
two  pounds  and  a  half  of  lean  beef;  cut  it  in 
eiaall  pieces  into  three  parts  of  neater  in  an  earthen 
pi;)kiii :  let  this  simmer,  but  never  boil,  until  the 


liquor  is  consumed  to  a  pint  and  a  half:  then 
strain  carefully.  It  ought  to  be  entirely  free 
from  fat  or  grease. — Dr.  E.  J.  Seymour. 

Essence  of  beef — as  it  has  been  called — may  be 
made  by  putting  a  pound  of  good  beef,  freed  from 
fat,  and  cut  into  small  pieces,  into  a  porter-bottle, 
corking  lightly.  The  bottle  must  be  put  into 
boiling  waiter,  and  kept  there  until  the  water  has 
been  boiling  at  least  half  an  hour.  As  the  boiling 
goes  on,  the  cork  may  be  inserted  a  little  more 
tightly,  to  retain  the  contents  of  the  bottle.  The 
juices"  of  the  beef  are  thus  separated,  and  consti- 
tute the  '  essence,'  which  may  be  seasoned  to  tho 
taste.     It  contains  much  nutriment. 

BEEN,  Centaurea  behen. 

BEEPi,,  Cerevisia  —  b.  Black,  see  Falltranck — 
b.  Pipsissewa,  see  Pyrola  umbellata. 

BEET,  Beta. 

BEGAIE21ENT,  Balbuties. 

BEGMA, — according  to  some.  Bregma, — from 
0i]iTctiv  or  ppr!a(7€iv,  '  to  expectorate  after  cough- 
ing.' Coughing;  also,  the  sputum  or  expectorated 
matter. — Hippocrates. 

BEGO'NIA.  The  Begonia  grandifo'ra  and 
B.  tomento'sa  have  astringent  roots,  which  are 
used  iu  Peru  in  cases  of  hemorrhage,  scurvy,  low 
fevers,  &c. 

BEGUE,  Eialbus. 

BEHEN  ABIAB,  Centaurea  behen  —  h.  Al- 
bum, Centaurea  behen  —  5.  Ofi&cinarum,  Cucu- 
balus  behen  —  b.  Rouge,  Statice  limonium  —  b. 
Vulgaris,  Cucubalus  behen. 

BEHMEN  ACKMAR,  Statice  limonium. 

BEIAHALALEN,  Sempervivum  tectorum. 

BEIDELSAR,  Asclepias  procera. 

BEJUIO,  HabUla  de  Carthagena. 

BELA-AYE  or  BE-LAHE.  A  tonic  and 
astringent  bark  of  a  Madagascar  tree.  Du-petit- 
Thouars  and  Sonnerat  think  it  may  be  substi- 
tuted for  the  Simarouba. 

BELADAMBOC.  A  species  of  convolvulus  of 
the  Malabar  coast,  which  contains  an  acrid  mUky 
juice.  From  this  a  liniment  is  formed  with  oil 
and  ginger,  which  is  used  against  the  bites  of 
rabid  animals. 

BE-LAHE,  Eela-aye. 

BELA-MODAGAM.  A  kind  of  F.crp-ola  of 
the  Malabar  coast,  the  leaves  of  which  are  con- 
sidered diuretic  and  emmenagogue. 

BELANDRE,  (F.)  A  litter,  surrounded  with 
curtains,  in  which  patients  are  sometimes  carried 
to  hospitals. 

BELCHING,  Eructation. 

BELEMNOID,  Belenoid. 

BELEMNOIDES  PROCESSUS,  Styloid  pro- 
cesses. 

BEL'ENOID,  BEL'ONOID,  BEL'EMNOID 
or  BEL'OID,  BelenoVdes  or  Belemn«i' des  Pro- 
ces'sus,  from  jicXos,  'an  arrow,'  and  eiSo;,  'shape.' 
This  name  has  been  given  to  styloid  procesgea 
in  general — Processus  belenoVdes. 

BELESME,  see  Bellesme. 

BELESON,  Balsam,  Musssenda  frondosa. 

BELILLA,  Mussfenda  frondosa. 

BELINUM,  Apium  Graveolens. 

BELI  OCULUS,  Belloculus. 

BELL,  CANTERBURY,  Campanula  trachc- 
lium. 

BELLABONE,  Atropa  belladonna. 

BELLADON'NA,  in  the  Pharmacopoeia  of  the 
United  States,  is  the  officinal  name  of  the  leavta 
of  Atropa  Belladonna. 

Belladonna  Baccifera,  Atropa  belladonnn^ — 
b.  Trichotoma,  Atropa  belladonna. 

BELLE  BAME,  Atropa  belladonna. 

BELLEGU.  Myrobalanus. 

BELLEREGI,  Mvrobalanus. 

BELLESME,    MINERAL    WATERS    OP. 


BELLEY 


131 


BENZOIN 


B^llcsme  is  about  three  leagues  from  Montagne 
in  France.     The  waters  are  chalybeate. 

BELLEY,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  The 
Waters  at  Belley,  department  of  Ain,  in  France, 
are  saline  aperients. 

BELLIDOIDES,  Chrysanthemum  leucan- 
themiim. 

BELLIS,  Belliis  ('pretty,')  B.  peren'nia  seu 
minor  seu  horten'sis,  Si/m'phytum  tnin'imum, 
Sriiisewort,  Common  Daisy,  (F.)  Paquerette  vi- 
vace, petite  Margaevite.  The  leaves  and  ilowers 
are  rather  acrid.  They  were,  at  one  time,  con- 
sidered to  cure  different  species  of  wounds.  See 
Osmitopsis  asteriscoides. 

Bellis  Horten'sis,  Bellis — b.  Major,  Chrysan- 
themum leucanthemum  —  b.  Minor,  Bellis  —  b. 
Perennis,  Bellis  —  b.  Pratensis,  Chrysanthemum 
leucanthemum. 

BELL  METAL,  Cal'cocoa,  (F.)  Airain,  iUtal 
dee  cloches.  An  alloy  of  copper,  zinc,  tin,  and  a 
small  quantity  of  antimony,  used  for  making 
bells.  The  mortars  of  the  apothecary  are  often 
formed  of  this  material.  They  require  to  be  kept 
clean,  to  avoid  the  formation  of  verdigris. 

BELLOC'ULUS,  Beli  Oc'idus.  A  kind  of  gem, 
which  the  Assyrians  considered  efficacious  in  the 
cure  of  many  diseases.  They  imagined  that  the 
figure  of  an  eye  could  be  seen  in  it,  and  hence  its 
name,  Bel's  Eye. 

BELLON,  Colic,  metallic. 

BELLOTAS,  see  Ilex  major. 

BELLOWS'  SOUND,  Bndtde  sovfflet—h.s.lEn. 
cephalic,  see  Bruit  de  soufflet. 

Bellows'  Sound,  Funic,  a  single  murmur  of 
the  bellows  kind,  synchronous  with  the  first 
sound  of  the  heart;  heard  by  some  observers, 
and  referred  by  them  to  diminished  calibre  of  the 
umbilical  arteries,  either  by  pressure  or  stretching 
of  the  funis,  or  both. 

Bellows'  Sound,  Placental,  Briiit  placen- 
taire. 

BELLWORT,  SMALLER,  Ilvularia  perfoliata. 

BELLY,  Venter;  from  Ir.  bolg,  'the  belly,  a 
bag  or  pouch.'  At  the  present  day,  the  abdomen. 
Formerly,  all  the  splanchnic  cavities  were  called 
bellies;  —  the  lower  belli/,  venter  in'Jimus,  being 
the  abdomen ;  the  middle  helly,  venter  me'dius, 
the  thorax;  and  the  upper  belli/,  venter  supre'mus, 
the  head.     Also,  the  womb.     See  Venter. 

BELLY-ACH,  Colica  —  b.  Dry,  Colic,  me- 
tallic— b.  Root,  Angelica  lucida. 

BELLY-BAND,  Belt,  Russian. 

BELLY,  POT,  Physconia. 

BELMUSCHIJS,  Hibiscus  abelmoschus. 

BELNILEG,  Myrobalanus. 

BELOID,  Belenoid. 

BELOIDES  PROCESSUS,  Styloid  processes. 

BELONE,  Needle. 

BELONODES,  Styloid. 

BELONOID,  Belenoid. 

BEL'S  EYE,  Bclloculus. 

BELT,  RUSSIAN,  Fe«<ra7e,— vulgarly,  Belty- 
hand, — Abdominal  sup2Jorter.  A  broad  bandage 
applied  to  the  abdomen,  so  as  to  support,  and 
make  methodical  pressure  upon  it.  Different 
forms  have  been  termed  obstetric  binders,  utero- 
abdomlnal  supporters,  etc. 

BELUL'CUxM,  from  jStXof,  'a  dart,'  and  'c\ku>, 
'I  draw  out.'  An  instrument  used  for  extracting 
darts  or  arrows.  Many  instruments  of  this  kind 
have  been  noticed  by  surgeons. — Ambrose  Par6, 
Fabricius  ab  Aquapendente. 

BELZOE,  Benjamin. 
■    BELZOIM,  Benjamin. 

BELZOINUM,  Benjamin. 

BEN,  Guilandina  moringa — b.  of  Judsea,  Ben 
iamin — b.  Nut,  Guilandina  moringa. 

EENATH,  Pustule. 

BENEDIOTA  SYLVESTRIS,  Geum  rivale. 


BENEDICTUM  LAXATIVUM,  Confectio 
sennffi. 

BENiFIGE  BE  LA  NATURE,  Beneficium 
natur£E — b.  de  Ventre,  see  Beneficium  naturse. 

BENEFICIUM  NATU'R^,  (F.)  Benefice  de 
la  nature.  This  term  is  used  by  the  French  pa- 
thologists, for  cases,  in  which  diseases  have  got 
well  without  medical  treatment.  With  them. 
Benefice  de  nature,  or  B.  de  ventre,  is  synonymous 
also  v/ith  Alvi  Profiu'vium ; — a  spontaneous  diar- 
rhoea, often  acting  favourably  either  in  the  pre- 
vention or  cure  of  disease. 

BENEL,  Croton  racemosum. 

BENEOLENS,  from  bene,  'well,'  ando?ere,  'to 
smell.'  Euo'des,  Suaveolejis.  A  sweet-scented 
medicine,  as  gums,  &g. 

BENG,  Bangue. 

BENGALE  INDORUM,  Cassumuniar. 

BENGAL  ROOT,  Cassumuniar. 

BENGI,  Hyoscyamus. 

BENIGN',  Benig'nus,  Eueth'es,  (F.)  Benin, 
Benigne.  Diseases  of  a  mild  character  are  e« 
called :  as  well  as  medicines  whose  action  is  not 
violent,  as  a  Benign  Fever,  Febris  benig'na  im- 
pu'tris,  &c. 

BENIN,  Benign. 

BEN'JAMIN,  Ben'zoin,  Benzo'inum.{Vh.  U.  S. ), 
Benzo'inum  verum,  Benzo'inum,  Assa  odora'ta., 
Benjui,  Benjuin,  Assa  dulcis,  Ben'jaoy,  Benjo'- 
,inum,  Belzoe,  Belzoim,  Ben'zoe,  Sty'rncie  Benzo'- 
ini  Bal'samum,  Liquor  Cyreni.'acns,  Croton  Ben- 
zo^Ben  of  Juda'a,  Acor  Benzo'inuS,  Sal  Ac"idum 
seu  tssentia'le  seu  volat'ile  Benzoes,  (F.)  Benjoin, 
Banme  Benjoin,  Assa  doux,  A  resinous,  drj', 
brittle  substance,  obtained  from  Styrax  Benzoin, 
Arbor  Benivi,  Laurus  Benzoin,  of  Sumatra.  The 
odour  is  extremely  fragrant,  and  taste  slightly 
aromatic.  It  is  principally  used  for  the  prepara- 
tion of  the  acid  which  it  contains.  It  is  also 
employed  in  some  vulnerary  tinctures,  and  as  an 
expectorant.  Benzoic  Acid,  Ac"idum  Benzo'icum, 
is  obtained  from  it  by  sublimation.  The  purest 
Benjamin  is  in  amygdaloid  masses:  hence  called 
(F.)  Benjoin  amgydalo'ide. 

Ben'jamin,  Flowees  of,  Ben'zoie  Acid,  Ae"- 
idum  Benzo'icum,  Flores  Benzoes,  Flores  Benzo'- 
ini,  Ac"idum  Benzo'icum  per  sublimatio'nem,  (F.) 
Acide  Benzoique.  This  acid  exists  in  all  the 
balsams,  but  chiefly  in  Benzoin,  from  which  it  is 
obtained  by  sublimation.  It  is  in  vanilla,  canella, 
the  urine  of  infants,  and  of  herbivorous  animals. 
Its  odour  is  aromatic  and  fragrant ;  taste  hot, 
slightly  acidulous,  and  agreeable.  The  crystals 
consist  of  white,  satiny  flakes,  slightly  ductile. 
It  is  probably  stimulant;  and  has  been  used,  as 
such,  in  chronic  catarrh;  iDut  it  has  little  efiieacy. 

BENJAOY,  Benjamin. 

BENJOINUM,  Benjamin. 

BENJUL  Benjamin. 

BEN  MOENJA.  A  Malabar  tree.  An  alexU 
pharmic  decoction  is  made  of  its  roots,  in  the 
country,  which  is  much  praised  in  cases  of  ma- 
lignant fever.  Its  bark,  boiled  with  Calamus 
aromaticus  and  salt,  forms  a  decoction  used  iu 
bites  of  poisonous  serpents. 
BENNE,  Sesamum  orientale. 
BENNET,  HERB,  Geum  urbanum,  and  G. 
Virginianum. 

BENOITE,    Geum  urbanum  —  b.  Aqvatiquc, 
Geum  rivale  —  b.  des  Ruisseaux,  Geum  rivale  — 
h.  de  Virginie,  Geum  Virginianum 
BENZIN,  see  Ansesthetic. 
BENZOATE  OF  AMMONIA,  Ammonia  beiv 
zoas. 

BENZOE,  Benjamin. 
BBNZOENIL,  Vanilla. 

BENZOIN,  Benjamin — b.  Odorilerum  Laimu 
Benzoin. 


BERBERIKE 


132 


BEZOAR 


BERBERINE,  see  Oxycantha  Galeni. 

•  BERBERIS,  Oxycantha  Galeni— b.  Canaden- 
sis, see  Oxycantha  Galeni. 

BERGE,  Hcraclenm  spondylinm. 

BERENDAROS,  Ocymum  basilieum. 

BERENICE,  Succinum. 

BERENICIUM,  Potasste  nitras. 

BERENISECUM,  Artemisia  vulgaris. 

BERGAMOTE,  Bergamot' ta,  (E.)  Bcrgamotte. 
A  small  orange,  of  a  very  agreeble  taste;  and 
peculiar  odour.  From  its  bark  an  oil.  Oleum 
Berga'mii,  (Ph.  U.S.)  is  obtained,  ■which  is  much 
employed  as  a  perfume,  and  sometimes  in  medi- 
cine. 

BER'IBERI,  Berihe'ria,  Syn'clonm  Berihe'- 
ria,  Indosyn' clonus,  Paral'yais  Ber'iberi,  from 
beri  in  the  Singhalese  language,  Tvhich  signifies 

*  weakness  ,■'  therefore,  beriberi,  '  great  'weakness.' 
This  word  is  also  said  to  be  Hindusthanee,  and 
to  mean  sl  sheep.  —  Bontius.  Beriberi  is  an  In- 
dian disease,  little  known  in  Europe.  It  con- 
sists in  debility  and  tremors  of  the  limbs, — some- 
times, indeed,  of  the  whole  body;  with  painful 
Dumbness  of  the  affected  parts,  <fee. : — the  patient 
walking  doubled;  and  imitating  the  movements 
of  sheep  !  Some  authors  have  esteemed  it  rheu- 
matic ;  others,  paralytic ;  others,  to  be  a  kind  of 
chorea.  It  is,  almost  always,  incurable ;  is 
rarely  fatal;  and  is  treated  by  exercise,  stimu- 
lant friction,  sudorifics,  &c.  It  is  sometimes 
.-ailed  Bar'biers,  but  this  would  seem  to  be  a 
4ififerent  disease. 

BERICOCCE,  Prunus  armeniaca. 

BERLE  NODIFLORE,  Slum. 

BERL  UE,  Metamorphopsia. 

BERMU'DAS,  CLIMATE  OF.  Pulmonary 
invalids  are  occasionally  sent  to  Bermuda,  but 
the  pjrincipal  objection  to  a  winter  residence 
there,  is  the  prevalence  of  strong  winds ;  espe- 
cially of  the  dry,  sharp,  and  cold  north-west 
winds,  during  the  winter  and  spring.  Still,  it 
affords  a  good  winter  retreat  for  the  phthisical, 
from  any  part  of  the  United  States,  provided  due 
care  be  selected  in  choosing  a  suitable  locality. 
The  neighbourhood  of  Hamilton  has  been  stiongly 
recommended  with  this  view. 

BERNARD  THE  HERMIT,  Cancellus. 

BERRIES,  INDIAN,  see  Menispermum  coc- 
culus — ^b.  Turkey,  yellow,  see  Piper  cubeba. 

BERS.  A  sort  of  electuary,  composed  of  pep- 
per, seed  of  the  white  hyoseyamus,  opium,  euphor- 
Mum,  saffron^  &c.  The  Egyptians  used  it  as  an 
excitant. — Prospero  Alpini. 

BERU,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Bern  is 
in  Champagne,  France.  The  waters  are  slightly 
chalybeate. 

BERULA,  Slum  nodiflorum — b.  Angustifolia, 
Sium  nodiflorum. 

BESASA,  Ruta. 

BESICLES,  Spectacles. 

BESOIN,  Want — h.  de  Respirer,  see  Want — 
1.  de  la  Vie,  Necessary  of  life. 

BESSANEM.  A  word  used  by  Avicenna,  for 
redness  of  the  skin,  limbs,  and  face,  produced  by 
the  action  of  cold. 

BESSON,         lor.        11 

BESSONNE,   \  ^^®  GemeUus. 

BETA.  The  Beet,  Sic'ula,  (F.)  Bette,  Bette- 
rave.  Fani'ly,  Chenopodese.  Sex.  Syst.  Pentan- 
dria  Digynia.  A  genus  of  plants,  of  which  the 
lollowing  are  the  chief  varieties. 

Beta  Hy'briba,  Root  of  Scarcity.  Root  red, 
outside;  white,  within.  Very  nutritive;  yields 
"iigar. 

Brta  Vulga'ris  Alba,  White  Beet.  The  root 
yields  sugar,  and  the  leaves  are  eaten  as  a  sub- 
stitute for  spiiidcn. 


Beta  Vtjlga'eis  Rubra,  Red  Beet.  Root  red 
and  nutritive  ;  yields  a  small  quantity  of  sugar. 

BETEL,  Piper  Betel.  A  species  of  pepper,  eul. 
tivated  in  several  parts  of  India.  The  East  In- 
dians are  in  the  habit  of  chewing  the  leaves  with 
lime  and  areca;  and  they  give  the  name  Betel  to 
this  preparation.  It  is  used  in  all  the  equatorial 
countries  of  Asia.  Betel  is  said  to  be  tonic  and 
astringent.  It  is  also  called  Bette,  B^tre,  Betle. 
See  Areca. 

BETHROOT,  Trillium  latifolium— fc.  Broad- 
leaf,  Trillium  latifolium. 

BETISE,  Dementia. 

BETOINE,  Betonica  officinalis — h.  des  Mon- 
tagnea,  Arnica  Montana — h.  des  Savoyards,  Ar- 
nica montana. 

BETON,  Colostrum. 

BETONICA  AQUATICA,  Scrophularia  aqua- 
tica. 

Beton'ica  Officina'lis,  Cestron,  Beton'ica 
purpu'rea,  Veton'iea  Cordi,  <fcc.,  Bet'ony,  Wood 
Betony,  Psychot'rophuvi,  Veroni'ca  purpu'reo, 
(F.)  Betoine.  Family,  Labiatse.  Sex.  Syst.  Di- 
dynamia  Gymnospermia.  Betony  was  in  much 
esteem  amongst  the  ancients,  who  employed  the 
flowers  and  leaves,  in  decoction,  in  gout,  sciatica, 
cephalalgia,  &c.  It  was  so  called,  according  to 
Pliny,  from  being  in  great  repute  among  the  Yet- 
tones,  or  Bettones,  an  ancient  people  of  Spain. 
Antonius  Musa  is  said  to  have  written  a  volume 
in  praise  of  it;  recommending  it  in  no  less  than 
47  different  diseases.  It  has,  however,  little  or 
no  vii-tue.  The  leaves  are  said  to  be  aperient, 
and  the  root  emetic. 

Betonica  Pauli,  Veronica. 

BETONY,  Betonica  officinalis — ^b.  Paul's,  Ly- 
copus  sinuatus,  Lycopus  Yirginicus  —  b.  Water, 
Scrophularia  aquatica — b.  Wood,  Betonica  offici- 
nalis. 

BETRE,  Betel. 

BETTE,  Beta. 

BETTERAVE,  Beta. 

BET'ULA  ALBA.  The  Birch,  (P.)  Boulenn 
commun.  The  young  leaves  are  slightly  odorous, 
astringent,  and  bitter.  They  are  applied  to 
wounds  aud  ulcers.  They  have  been  regarded 
as  antiscorbutic  and  anthelmintic.  The  tree  fur- 
nishes a  saccharine  juice,  which  is  considered 
antiscorbutic  and  diuretic. 

Betula  Emarginata,  Alnus  glutinosa — ^b.  Glu- 
tinosa,  Alnus  glutinosa. 

BETtTLA  Lenta,  Sweet  Birch,  Black  Birch, 
Cherry  Birch,  ilountain  Mahogany,  is  an  Ameri- 
can species,  the  bark  and  leaves  of  which  have 
the  smell  and  taste  of  Gaultheria  procumbens. 
An  infusion  is  sometimes  made  of  them,  and  use<l 
as  an  excitant  and  diaphoretic.  The  volatile  oil 
is  nearly  if  not  wholly  identical  with  that  of 
Gaultheria. 

BEURRE,  Butter— 5.  de  Bamlouc,  Butter  of 
bambouc — h.  de  Cacao,  Butter  of  cacao  —  b.  d; 
Coco,  Butter  of  cocoa — b.  Vegetale,  Pe'rsea  gatis- 
sima. 

BEUVRIGNY,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Beuvrigny  is  in  the  vicinity  of  Bayeux  in  Nor- 
mandy.    The  water  is  chalybeate. 

BEVUE,  Diplopia. 

BEX,  Tussis — b.  Convulsiva,  Pertussis — b.  Hu- 
mida.  Expectoration — b.  Theriodes,  Pertussis. 

BEXIS,  Tussis. 

BEXU'GO.  Under  this  name,  a  purgative 
root  was  formerly  introduced  into  Europe  fi-om 
Peru.  It  is  supposed  to  have  been  the  root  of  a 
Hippocratea. 

BEZ'OAR,  Bez'aar,  Bez'ehard,  Pa'zahar,  from 
f'ersian  Pa,  'against,'  and  zahar,  poison.  Lapis 
Bezoar'dicus,  Cal'ctdtis  Bez'oar,  Enterol'ithxu  Be~ 


BEZOABD 


133 


BICHOS 


zoar'dtis,  Bezoard.  A  calculous  concretion,  found 
in  the  stomach,  intestines, .  and  bladder  of  ani- 
mals. Wonderful  virtues  were  formerly  attri- 
buted to  these  Bezoars.  There  were  two  great 
varieties :  the  Bez'oar  orienta'le,  An'imal  Bezoar'- 
ticum  orienta'le,  formed  in  the  fourth  stomach  of 
the  gazelle  of  India  [Gazel'la  In'dica,  or  rather 
Antil'ope  cervica'pra  :)  and  the  Bez'oar  occiden- 
ta'te,  Animal  Bezoar'ticum  occidenta'le,  found  in 
the  fourth  stomach  of  the  icild  goat  or  chamois 
of  Peru.  These  substances  were  esteemed  to  be 
powerful  alexipharmics  ;  but  the  former  was  the 
mor3  valued.  It  was  believed  that  no  poison, 
au(?  no  eruptive,  pestilential,  or  putrid  disease, 
could  resist  its  influence.  As  so  many  virtues 
were  ascribed  to  it,  other  animal  concretions  were 
substituted  for  it ;  and  factitious  Bezoards  were 
made  of  crabs'  eyes  and  claws,  bruised  and  mixed 
with  musk,  ambergris,  &c. 

Bez'oar  Bovi'jtum,  (F.)  Bezoard  de  Bcevf,  Be- 
zoard of  the  beef.  A  concretion  formed  in  the 
fourth  stomach  of  beeves ;  also,  a  biliary  calcu- 
lus found  in  the  gall-bladder. 

Bez'oar  of  the  Deer,  B.  of  the  Lach'rymal 
Fossa  of  the  Deer,  Deer's  Tears.  A  moist,  highly 
odorous,  fatty  matter,  found  below  the  anterior 
canthus  of  the  orbit  of  the  red  deer — Cervus  el'e- 
phas.  It  has  been  used,  like  castor,  as  an  anti- 
spasmodic, in  the  dose  of  from  5  to  15  grains,  two 
or  three  times  a  day. 

Bezoar  Equinum,  Bezoard  of  the  horse  —  b. 
Hystricis,  Bezoard  of  the  Indian  porcupine. 

Bez'oarb  op  Cayman.  This  was  once  much 
prized.     It  is  now  unknown. 

BEZOARD  D'ALLE3IAGNE,  ^gagropila. 

Bez'oard  op  the  Chamois,  and  B.  op  the 
Horse,  Bezoar  equi'num,  Hippol'ithus,  &c.,  exhi- 
bit their  origin  in  the  name. 

Bez'oard  op  the  Indian  Por'cupine.  Bez'oar 
Hys'tricis,  Lapis  Porci'nus,  Lapis  Ilalucen' cis, 
Petro  del  Porco,  (F.)  Bezoard  de  Pore-Epic,  was 
formerly  the  dearest  of  all  the  Bezoards,  and  was 
sold  at  an  enormous  price  in  Spain  and  Portugal. 

Bez'oard  Mineral,  Antimonium  diaphoreti- 
cum — b.  Vegetable,  see  Calappite. 

BEZOAR'DIC,  Bezoar' dicus,  (F.)  Bezoardique; 
concerning  the  bezoard.  Bezoardic  medicines  are 
those  supposed  to  possess  the  same  properties 
with  the  bezoard ;  as  antidotes,  alexiteria,  alexi- 
pharmics, cordials. 

BEZOARDICA  RADIX,  Dorstenia  contra- 
yerva. 

BEZOAR'DICUM  SATUR'NI.  A  pharma- 
ceutical preparation,  regarded  by  the  ancients  as 
antihysteric.  It  was  formed  of  protoxide  of  lead, 
butter  of  antimony,  and  nitric  acid. 

Bezoar'dictjm  Htjma'num.  Urinary  calculi 
were  formerly  employed  under  this  name  as 
powerful  alexipharmics. 

Bezoar'dicum  Jovia'le.  A  sort  of  greenish 
powder,  used  as  a  diaphoretic,  and  formed  of  an- 
timony, tin,  mercury,  'and  nitric  acid. 

Bezoar'dicum  Luna're.  A  medicine  formerly 
regarded  as  a  specific  in  epilepsy,  convulsions, 
megrim,  <fec.  It  was  prepared  of  nitrate  of  sil- 
ver, and  butter  of  antimony. 

Bezoar'dicum  Martia'le.  A  tonic  medicine, 
used  by  the  ancients  in  diarrhoea.  It  was  pre- 
pared from  the  tritoxide  of  iron  and  butter  of  an- 
timony. 

Bezoar'dicum  Mercuria'le.  A  medicine, 
formerly  vaunted  as  an  antisyphilitic,  and  pre- 
pared from  the  mild  chloride  of  mercury,  butter 
of  antimony,  and  nitric  acid. 

Bezoar'dicum  Minera'le;  the  deutoxide  of 
antimony ;  so  called  because  its  properties  were 
supposed  to  resemble  those  of  animal  bezoard. 

Bezoar'dicum  Sola'ee,    A  diaphoretic  medi- 


cine, prepared  of  gold  filings,  nitric  acid,  and 

butter  of  antimony. 

Bezoar'dicum  Ven'eris.  A  pharmaceutical 
preparation,  formerly  employed  in  lepra,  diseases 
of  the  brain,  &c. ;  which  was  made  from  filings 
of  copper,  butter  of  antimony,  and  nitric  acid. 

BHANG,  Bangue. 

BI,  as  a  prefix  to  words,  has  the  same  signifi- 
cation as  Di. 

BIAIOTHANATI,  Biothanati. 

BIBITORIUS,  Rectus  internus  oculi. 

BIBLIOG'RAPHY,  MED'ICAL,  from  /3./SXoj, 
.  a  book,'  and  ypa(po>,  '  I  describe.'  Skill  in  the 
knowledge  of  medical  books.  The  most  distin- 
guished medical  bibliographers  have  been  :  J.  A. 
Van  der  Linden,  Amstelod.  1662,  octavo,  (L.) 
M.  LiPENius,  Francf.  ad  Moen.  1679,  fol.  (L.) 
G.  A.  Mercklein,  Norimb.  1686,  (L.)  J.  J. 
Mangbt,  Genev.  1695  to  1731,  (L.)  Tarin  (ana- 
tomical,) Paris,  1753,  (F.)  A.  ton  Haller, 
Zurich,  1774,  &c..  (L.)  Vigiliis  ton  Creut- 
ZENPELD  (surgical,)  Vindob.  1781,  (L.)  C.  G. 
KuHN,  Lips.  1794,  (L.)  C.  L.  Schweickard 
(anat.,  phys.,  and  legal  medicine,)  Stuttgard, 
1796  to  1800,  (L.)  G.  G.  Ploucquet,  Tubing. 
1808  to  1814,  (L.)  C.  F.  Burdach,  Gotha,  1810 
to  1821,  (G.)  J.  S.  Ersch,  (since  1750,)  Leipz. 
1822,  (G.)  Th.  Ch.  Fr.  Enslin,  (of  Germany, 
since  1750,)  Berlin,  1826,  (G.)  J.  B.  Montfal- 
coN,  Paris,  1827,  (F.)  J.  Forbes,  M.  D.,  F.  R. 
S.,  London,  1835.  A.  C.  P.  Callisen,  Copen- 
hagen, 1845,  (G.)  E.  MoRWiTZ,  Leipzig,  1849, 
(G.) 

BICAUDALIS,  Retrahens  auris. 

BICAUDA'TUS,  Cauda'tus,  '  double-tailed.' 
A  monster  having  two  tails. 

BICEPHA'LIUM,  Dicepha'lium.  A  hybrid 
word,  from  hi  and  Kt<pa\ri,  '  head.'  Sauvages  ap- 
plies this  epithet  to  a  very  large  sarcoma  on  the 
head,  which  seems  to  form  a  double  head. 

BICEPHALUS,  Dicephalus. 

BICEPS,  from  his,  'twice,'  and  caput,  'head.' 
That  which  has  two  heads.  This  name  has  been 
particularly  given  to  tvo  muscles ;  one  belonging 
to  the  arm,  the  other  to  the  thigh. 

Biceps  Exter'nus  Mus'culus.  The  long  por- 
tion of  the  Triceps  Brachia'lis. — Douglas. 

Biceps  Flexor  Cruris,  Biceps  Cruris,  Biceps, 
(F.)  Biceps  Crural,  Biceps  Fern' oris,  Is' chio-fem! - 
oro-peronier — (Ch.)  A  muscle  on  the  posterior 
part  of  the  thigh ;  one  head  arising  from  the  tu- 
berosity of  the  ischium,  and  the  other  from  a 
great  part  of  the  linea  aspera.  It  is  inserted  into 
the  top  of  the  fibula.  It  serves  to  bend  the  leg 
on  the  thigh. 

Biceps  Flexor  Cu'biti,  Biceps  Bra'chii,  Cor'- 
aco-radia'lis,  Biceps,  Biceps  man^s,  Biceps  in- 
ter'nus.  Biceps  inter'nus  hu'meri,  (F.)  Scapulo-ra- 
dial,  (Ch.) — Biceps  Brachial.  A  muscle,  situate 
at  the  anterior  and  internal  part  of  the  arm ;  ex- 
tending from  the  edge  of  the  glenoid  cavity  and 
from  the  top  of  the  coracoid  process  to  the  tube- 
rosity of  the  radius.  It  bends  the  fore-arm  upon 
the  arm. 

BICHE  DE  MER,  Sea  Slug.  A  molluscous 
animal,  belonging  to  the  genus  Holothuria,  which 
is  caught  amongst  the  islands  of  the  Feejee  group, 
New  Guinea,  &c.,  and  when  prepared  finds  a 
ready  sale  in  China,  where  it  is  used  as  an  ingre- 
dient in  rich  soups. 

BICHET,  Terra  Orleana. 

BICHICH'IJE.  Pectoral  medicines,  compose  J 
of  liquorice  juice,  sugar,  blanched  almonds,  <fec.-  •• 
Rhazes. 

BICHIOS,  Dracunculus. 

BICHO,  Dracunculus — b.  di  Culo,  Proctocace. 

BICHOS.    A  Portuguese  name  fcr  *he  woriaa 


BICIPITAL 


134 


BTOLTCHNIOIS- 


Jihat  penetrates  the  toes  of  people  in  the  Indies  ; 
and  -whioli  are  destroyed  by  the  oil  of  the  cashew 
nrt, 

BICIP'ITAL,  from  hicejjs  (bis  and  caput)  'two- 
headed.'     Relating  to  the  biceps. 

BiClP'lTAL  Groove,  (F.)  Coulisse  ou  Gouttiere 
h><:ix>itale,  Ooidisse  hximerale,  (Ch.,)  is  a  longitu- 
dinal groove,  situate  between  the  tuberosities  of 
the  OS  humeri,  which  lodges  the  long  head  of  the 
biceps. 

Bicrp'lTAL  Tu'bercle,  Bicipital  tuheros'ity, 
(F.)  Tubcrnsite  bicipitcde  ; — a  jjrominence  near 
the  upper  extremity  of  the  radius,  to  which  the 
tendon  of  the  biceps  is  attached. 
BICORNE  B  UDE,  Ditrachyceros. 
BICUS'PID,  Bicuspida'tits,  from  bis,  'twice,' 
and  cuspiis,  'a  spear.'  That  which  has  two  points 
or  tubercles. 

Bicus'piD    Teeth,    Dentes   Bicuspida'ti,    (F.) 
Dents  bicuspidees,  the  small  molares.    See  Molar. 
BIDE^^S  ACMELLA,  Spilanthus  acmella. 
BIDET,   (F.)  Bidet,-  pronounced  beeday.     A 
small  horse  formerly  allowed  to  each  trooper  for 
carrying  his  baggage.     Hence,  perhaps,  applied 
to  a  chamber  bathing  apparatus,  which  has  to  be 
bestridden.     It  is  a  useful  arrangement,  in  case 
of  hemorrhoids,  prolapsus  ani,  affections  of  the 
sexual  organs,  <fec. 
BIECHO,  Bische. 
BIERE,  Cerevisia. 
BIESTINGS,  Colustrum. 
BIFEMOR  0-  CAL  CANIEN,  Gastrocnemii. 
BrFURCATION,  Bifurca'tio,  from  bis,  'twice,' 
and  furca,   'a  fork.'     Division  of  a  trunk  into 
two  branches  j  as  the  bifurcation  of  the  trachea, 
aorta,  <fee. 

BIGASTER,  Digastricus. 
BIG  BLOOM,  Magnolia  macrophyUa. 
BIGEMINAL  BODIES,  Quadrigemina  tuber- 
cula. 

BIGGAR.  A  disease  of  Bengal,  remarkable 
for  the  intensity  and  danger  of  the  cerebral  symp- 
toms.— Twining. 

BIG-LEAF,  Magnolia  macrophylla. 
BIGLES,  see  Strabismus. 
BIGNONIA    CATALPA,  Catalpa  — b.  Radi- 
cans,  Tecoma  radicans. 

Bigno'nia  Is'dica.  The  leaves  are  employed 
ia  India,  as  emollients,  to  ulcers. 
BIJON,  see  Pinus  sylvestris. 
BILAZAT,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  BOa- 
zay  is  a  town  in  France,  two  leagues  from  Thouar, 
department  of  Deux  Sevres,  near  which  is  a  ther- 
mal sulphureous  spring.  Temperature  about  77° 
Fahrenheit. 

BILBERRY,  Vaccinium  myrtillus— b.  Red, 
Vaecinium  vitis  ideea. 

BILE,  Bilis,  Fel,  Chol'os,  CJiole,  Choler,  (F.) 
Bile,  Fiel.  A  yellow,  greenish,  viscid,  bitter, 
nauseous  fluid,  secreted  by  the  liver.  It  is  dis- 
tinguished into  hepatic  and  cystic  ;  according  as 
it  flows  immediately  into  the  duodenum  from  the 
liver  or  from  the  gall-bladder.  It  contains,  ac- 
cording to  Muratori,  water;  a  peculiar  fatty 
matter;  colouring  matter,  [Cholepyr'rhia  or  Bili- 
j>7tcB'in;)  eholesterin,  combined  with  soda;  picro- 
niel  or  bilin;  extract  of  flesh,  mucus;  soda,  jjhos- 
phate  of  soda;  phosphate  of  lime,  and  chloride 
iif  sodium. 

The  use  of  the  bile  is  to  remove  from  the  body 
superfluous  hydro-carbon ;  and  it  is  probably  in- 
fiorvient  to  useful  purposes  in  digestion. 

Bile,  Furunculus — b.  Black,  Atrabilis  —  b.  de 
Icenf,  see  Bile  —  6.  Repnndue,  Icterus. 

Bile  or  the  Bear,  Gall  of  the  Bear,  Fel  Ursi, 
was  thought  to  be  anti-epileptic ;  and  that  of  the 
Eel,  Fel  anrjuiVlcB,  to  facilitate  labour. 

Bilk  of  the  Ox,  Gall  of  the  Ox,  Ox  Gall,  Fel 


Taiiri,  Fel  Bovis,  F.  Bovi'num,  (F.)  Bile  de  Baxif, 
was  once  reputed  cosmetic  and  detergent,  anti- 
otalgic  and  emmenagogue ;  as  well  as  to  possess 
the  power  of  facilitating  labour.  It  has  also  been 
given  as  a  bitter  stomachic  and  anthelmintic ; 
and  as  a  tonic  and  laxative,  in  cases  of  deficiency 
of  the  biliary  secretion. 

BIL'IART,  Bilia'ris,  Bilia'rim,  Fel'lem. 
That  which  relates  to  bile. 

Bil'iary  Appara'tus,  B.  organs,  B.  passages. 
The  collection  of  parts  that  concur  in  the  secre- 
tion and  excretion  of  bile  :  —  viz.  the  liver,  pori 
biliari  or  tubuli  biliferi;  hepatic,  cystic,  and 
choledoch  ducts,  and  gall-bladder. 

Bil'iary  Coxcre'tions  are  concretions  found 
in  some  parts  of  the  biliary  apparatus. 
Biliary  Ducts,  Pori  biliarii. 
BILIEUX,  Bilious. 
BILIMBI,  Averrhoa  bilimbi. 
BILIMBING  TERES,  Averrhoa  bilimbL 
BILIN,  PicromeL 

BIL'IOUS,  Bilio'sus,  ChoViciis,  Chol'ius,  Fel- 
lin'eus,  Epich'olos,  Picroch'olos,  Fel'lens.  (F.) 
Bilieux.  That  which  relates  to  bile,  contains 
bile,  or  is  produced  by  bile.  An  epithet  given 
to  certain  constitutions  and  diseases,  which  are 
believed  to  be  the  effect  of  superabundance  of  the 
biliary  secretion :  as  Bilious  tempierament,  B. 
symjytoms,  B.  fever. 

BILIPH.3EIN,  see  Bile. 
BILIS  FLUXIO,  Cholera  morbus, 
BILITICUS,  Cholagogue. 
BILIVERD'IN,  from  bilis,  'bUe,'  and  viridis, 
'  green.'     On  adding  an  acid  to  a  solution  of  the 
yellow  colouring  matter  of  bile,  a  precipitate  of 
green  flocculi  takes  place,  which  possesses  all  the 
properties  of  chlorophyll,  or  the  green  colouring 
matter  of  leaves.     This  is  the  biliverdin  of  Ber- 
zelius. 

BILOCTJLAR,  see  Unilocular. 
BILUMBI  BITING-BING,  Malus  Indiea. 
BI'MANUS,   from  bis  and   manus,  'a  hand. 
One  that  has  two  hands.     A  term  applied  only 
to  man,  because  he  is  the  sole  mammiferous  ani- 
mal that  possesses  two  perfect  hands. 
BINDER,  Bandage. 

BINDERS,  OBSTETRIC,  see  Belt,  Russian. 
BINDWEED,  Polygonum  aviculare  — b.  Fid- 
dle-leaved, Convolvulus  panduratus  —  b.  Great, 
Convolvulus  sepium  —  b.  Lavender-leaved,  Con- 
volvulus Cantabrica — b.  Sea,  Convolvulus  solda- 
nella — b.  Virginian,  Convolvulus  panduratus. 
BINKOHUMBA,  Phyllanthus  urinaria. 
BINOCULAR,  Binocula'ris :  same  etymon  as 
the  next.     Relating  to  or  affecting  both  eyes — as 
'  binocular  vision' — vision  with  both  eyes  ;  or  from 
impressions  made  upon  both  retina;,  which  are 
amalgamated  into  single  vision. 

BINOC'ULUS,  Bin'ocle,  Biojjhthal'mica  Fas'- 
cia,  Oc'ulis  dujilex,  from  bis,  'twice,'  and  ocnhia, 
'an  eye.'  (F.)  CEil  double.  A  bandage  applied 
over  both  eyes.  It  was,  also,  formerly  called 
Biophthal'mus. 

BIN'SICA.     Disorder  of  the  mind.     Accord- 
ing to  Van  Helmont,  an  atrophy  of  the  organ 
of  imagination. 
BIOCHYMIA,  Chymistry,  vital. 
BIOD,  Vis  vitalis. 

BIODYNAM'ICS,  -Biodynam'ica,  Biodynam'- 
ice,  Bioso2>h'ia,  from  /?(oj,  'life,'  and  ^uva/^is, 
'  power,'  '  force.'  The  doctrine  of  the  vital  ac- 
tivity, or  forces. 

BIOGAMIA,  Magnetism,  animal. 
BIOLOGY,  Physiology. 

BIOLYCHNION,  Biolych'nium,  from  /Sioj, 
'life,'  and  A«;^i'iov,  '  a  lamp.'  Innate  heat,  vital 
heat,  animal  heat.  Lych'nium,  Lychnid'iuw, 
Thermum   em'phytum,  Flamma   seu   Flum'mula 


BIOLYSIS 


135 


BISTOURI 


mta'lis  seu  cordis.  Also,  a  secret  preparation  of 
which  Begdin  and  Burgrate  make  mention. 

BIOLYSIS,  see  Biolytie. 

BIOLYT'IC,  Biolyt'ieus;  from  ,3ios,  'life,'  and 
X«(7(f,  '  solution.'  Pielating  to  the  destruction  of 
life.  A  '  hiohjtic  agent'  is  one  that  causes  hiol'y- 
eis,  or  destruction  of  life. — Sehultz. 

BIOMAGNETISMUS,  Magnetism,  animal. 

BIONOMY,  Physiology. 

BIOPH^NOMBNOLOGIA,  Physiology. 

BIOS,  /Si  Of.  Life.  Also,  what  is  necessary  for 
the  preservation  of  life. 

BIOSOPHIA,  Biodynamics. 

BIOSTATIGS,  Statistics,  medical. 

BIOTE,  Life. 

BIOTHAN'ATI,  Biaiothan'ati,  from  jSiof, 
'life,'  and  -Jai/arof,  'death.'  Those  who  die  of  a 
violent  death  very  suddenly,  or  as  if  there  was 
no  space  between  life  and  death. 

BIOTIC,  Vital. 

BIOTICS,  Physiology. 

BIOTOMIA,  Vivisection. 

BIPARIETAL  SUTURE,  Sagittal  suture. 

BIPIN'NA,  from  his,  'twice,'  and '^juina, 'a 
wing-feather.'  A  term  used  by  the  ancients  for  a 
diminutive  penis,  not  exceeding  in  size  two  quills. 

BIR,  Thorax. 

BIRA,  Cerevisia. 

BIRCH,  Betula  alba^-b.  Black,  Betula  lenta— 
b.  Cherry,  Betula  lenta — b.  Sweet,  Betula  lenta. 

BIRDS'  NEST,  Hypopitys  lanuginosa. 

BIRTH,  CROSS,  Presentation,  preternatural 
b.  Live,  see  Born  alive  —  b.  Plural,  see  Multi- 
parous. 

BIRTHWORT,  Aristoloehia  — b.  Snakeroot, 
Aristolochia  serpentaria. 

BISCHE,  Biecho.  A  malignant  kind  of  dy- 
sentery, which  often  prevails  in  the  island  of 
Trinidad. 

BISCUIT,  Biseoc'tus,  bis,  'twice,'  and  coctus, 
'baked,'  (F.)  his  and  cuit,  'twice  baked.'  A 
kind  of  dry,  hard  bread,  or  cake,  which  is  va- 
riously made ;  and,  when  without  eggs  or  butter, 
is  easy  of  digestion.  It  was  formerly  called  Bi- 
2iyri'tes,  and  Di'pyros. 

BISCUIT,  MEAT.  An  alimentary  prepara- 
tion, proposed  by  Mr.  G.  Borden,  Jr.,  of  Texas, 
which  consists  in  combining  the  matters  ex- 
tracted from  meat  by  boiling  with  flour,  so  as  to 
form  biscuits ;  which  keep  well,  and  are  of  course 
nutritive. 

BISERMAS,  Salvia  sclarea. 

BISFERIENS.  Dicrotus. 

BISHOP'S  WEED,  Ammi. 

BISLIjSi  GUA,  Ruscus  hypoglossum. 

BISMALVA,  Altha;a. 

BISMUTH,  Antimo'nium  album,  Chalcitas, 
Luna  imperfec'ta,  Stannum  glacia'le  seu  einereum, 
Bismu'thum,  Wismu'thum.  Reg'ulus  of  Bis'niuth, 
Marcasi'ta,  Tin  glass,  (F.)  Etaxn  gris,  E.  de 
Glace.  A  metal,  in  spicular  plates,  of  a  yel- 
lowish-white colour;  s.  gr.  9.822  ;  fusible  at  400° 
Fahrenheit,  and  volatilizable  at  a  high  tempera- 
ture. It  is  used  only  in  the  preparation  of  the 
subnitrate. 

BisjruTH,  OxYD  OF,  Bismuth,  Subnitrate  of — 
b.  Regulus  of,  Bismuth. 

Bismuth,  Subni'trate  07,Bismu'tM  subni'tras, 
Marcasi'ta  alba,  Plumbum  cine'reum,  Magiste'- 
rium  Marcasi'ta  seu  Bismuthi,  Bismu'thum  Nit'- 
ricum,  B.  Subnit'ricum,  Nitras  Subbismu'thicum, 
Nitras  Bismuthi,  Calx  Vismu'thi,  Bismu'thum 
oxydula'tum  album,  Oxjjd  of  Bismuth,  Mag"istery 
of  Bismuth,  Pearl  ^'S^lite,  Spanish  White.  (F.) 
Sousnitrate  de  bismuth,  Oxide  blanc  de  B.,  Blanc 
de  fard,  Blanc  de  perle.  (Bismuth,  in  frustulis, 
5j,  Acid  nitric.  f5ij.  Aq.  destill.  q.  s.  Mix  a 
fluid  ounce  of  distilled  water  with  the  nitric  acid. 


and  dissolve  the  bismuth  in  the  mixture.  When 
the  solution  is  complete,  pour  the  clear  liquor 
into  three  pints  of  distilled  water,  and  set  the 
mixture  by,  that  the  powder  may  subside.  Lastly, 
having  poured  off  the  supernatant  fluid,  wash  the 
subnitrate  of  bismuth  with  distilled  water,  wrap 
it  in  bibulous  paper,  and  dry  with  a  gentle 
heat.  Ph.  U.  S.)  It  is  considered  to  be  tonio 
and  antispasmodic,  and  has  been  chiefly  used  iu 
gastrodynia. 

BlSJlUTH,  Vale'riAXATE  of,  Bismu'fhi  vale'^i- 
anas,  Bismu'thum  valerian' icura.  Prepared  by 
mixing  a  neutral  solution  of  oxide  of  bismuth  iu 
nitric  acid,  with  valerianate  of  soda;  washing-, 
and  drying  the  precipitate.  Used  in  gastrodynia, 
chronic  gastralgia,  neuralgia,  and  chronic  palpi- 
tation, as  a  nervine.  Dose,  5  a  grain  to  2  grains, 
three  or  four  times  a  day,  in  pill. 

BISMUTHI  NITRAS,  Bismuth,  Subnitrate 
of — b.  Valerianas,  Bismuth,  valerianate  of. 

BISMUTHUM,  Bismuth  — b.  Nitricum,  Bis- 
muth, subnitrate  of — b.  Oxydulatum  album, 
Bismuth,  subnitrate  of — b.  Subnitricum,  Bismuth, 
subnitrate  of — b.  Valerianicum,  Bismuth,  vale- 
rianate of. 

BISPIRUS.  Dipnoos. 

BISSUM,  Hydrangea  arborescens. 

BISSUS.  The  silky  filaments  which  fix  tho 
Pinna  Mari'na  to  the  rocks.  In  Italy  and  Cor- 
sica, clothes  are  made  of  these,  which  are  consi- 
dered to  favour  perspiration,  and  are  recom- 
mended to  be  worn  next  the  skin  in  rheumatism, 
gout,  &e.     See  Byssus. 

BISTORT,  OFFICINAL,  Pylygonum  bistorts 
— b.  Virginian,  Polygonum  virginianum. 

BISTORTA,  Polygonum  bistorta. 

BISTORTIER,  (F.)  A  name  given  by  the 
Pharmacien  to  a  long  wooden  pestle  used  for 
reducing  soft  substances  to  powder,  and  in  the 
preparation  of  electuaries. 

BISTOURI,  (F.)  Pistorien'sis  gla'dius.  Seal- 
pel'lus,  Scal'iieitm,  Bistoury.  A  small  cutting- 
knife,  used  in  surgery, — so  called,  according  to 
Huet,  from  the  town  of  Pistori,  which  was  for- 
merly celebrated  for  the  manufacture  of  those 
instruments.  A  bistoury  has  the  form  of  a  small 
knife,  and  is  composed  of  a  blade  and  handle. 
The  blade,  which  is  most  commonly  movable  in 
the  handle,  may  be  fixed  by  a  button,  spring,  &c. 
When  fixed  in  the  handle,  the  bistouri  is  called 
by  the  French,  B.  d  lame  fixe  ou  dormante. 

The  chief  bistouries  are  : — 1.  The  straight  B. 
(F.)  B.  droit,  in  which  the  blade  and  cutting 
edge  are  straight,  the  point  being  fine,  round,  or 
square.  2.  The  convex  B.  (F.)  B.  convexe  ;  the 
blade  of  which  is  convex  at  the  cutting  edge, 
concave  at  the  back.  3.  The  concave  B.  (F.) 
B.  concave  ;  the  blade  of  which  is  concave  at  its 
edge,  and  convex  at  the  back.  4.  BLrNT-PoiNTED 
B.  (P.)  B.  boutonne ;  the  blade  of  which  has  a 
button  at  its  extremity.  5.  The  blunt  or  probe- 
pointed  Bistoury  op  Pott;  concave  at  its  cut- 
ting edge,  and  its  point  blunt;  so  that  it  can  be 
carried  on  the  palmar  surface  of  the  index  finger, 
to  divide  the  stricture,  in  strangulated  hernia. 
Sir  Astley  Cooper  has  recommended  a  useful 
modification  of  this,  to  avoid  wounding  the  intes- 
tine, should  it  come  in  contact  with  the  edge  of 
the  knife.  His  Bistoury  has  an  edge  of  not  mor^ 
than  eight  lines  in  length,  situate  about  five  linens 
from  the  point.  6.  Bistouri  a  la  lime,  (F.)  is 
a  straight  bistoury;  the  blade  fixed  in  the  handle, 
the  extremity  with  a  button,  and  the  edge  made 
with  a  file.  It  is  chiefly  used  for  dilating  parts 
7.  Bistouri  royal,  (F.)  A  Bistoury  used  in  ope- 
ra.ting  upon  Louis  XIV.,  for  fistula  in  ano.  S. 
Bistouri  gastrique,  (F.)  A  complicated  instra- 
ment,  invented  by  Morand,  for  dilating  wound* 


BIT  NGBEN 


136 


blS 


of  the  abdomen,  9.  Bistottki  cache,  B.  hemiuire, 
ou  Attrape-lourdaud  de  Biennaise,  Forceps  de- 
cepto'ria.  A  curved  bistouri,  the  blade  of  which 
is  placed  in  a  canula,  whence  it  issues  on  press- 
ing a  spring. 

The  word  Bistouri  is  used  by  the  French,  at 
times,  where  we  would  employ  knife. 

BIT  XOBEN,  Salt  of  Bitu'men,  Padnoon, 
Soucherloon,  Khala  mimuc.  A  white,  saline  sub- 
stance, which  is  a  Hindoo  preparation  of  great 
antiquity,  and  has  been  supposed  to  be  the  Sal 
iisphalti'tes  and  Sal  Sodome'nus  of  the  ancients. 
It  is  used  by  the  Hindoo  in  the  prevention  or 
cure  of  almost  all  diseases. 

BITHNIMAL'CA,  Gas'teranax.  Two  un- 
meaning words,  used  by  Dolaeus,  to  designate  an 
active  principle  supposed  to  have  its  seat  in  the 
stomach,  and  to  preside  over  chymification,  <fec. 
BITIOS  DE  KIS,  Proctocace. 
BITTER,  Amarus — b.  Bark,  Pinckneya  pu- 
bens  —  b.  Bloom,  Chironia  angularis  —  b.  Holy, 
Hiera  picra  —  b.  Redberry,  Cornus  Florida  —  b. 
Root,  Apocynum  androssemifolium,  Gentiana 
Catesbsei,  Menyanthes  verna — b.  Sweet  night- 
shade, Solanum  Dulcamara — b.  Sweet  vine,  So- 
lanum  Dulcamara. 

BIT'TERNESS,  Amaritu'do,  Amarit'ies,  Am- 
a'ror,  Pl'cria,  (F.)  Amertume.  A  particular  taste, 
which  belongs  to  many  substances.  In  some 
diseases  there  is  a  sense  of  bitterness  felt  in  the 
mouth. 

BITTERS,  COLUMBO,  Tinctura  Calumbs  — 
b.  Spirit,  Tinctura  gentianae  composita — b.  Wine, 
Vinum  gentianaB  compositum. 

BITTERSWEET,  Solanum  dulcamara. 
BITTERWEED,  Ambrosia  trifida. 
BITTEBWOOD  TREE,  Quassia. 
BITTOS.   A  disease,  in  which  the  chief  symp- 
tom is  an  acute  pain  in  the  anus. — Chomel. 

BITUMEN,  GLUTINOUS,  Pissasphaltum — 
b.  Judaicum,  Asphaltum  —  b.  of  Judsea,  Asphal- 
tum — b.  Petroleum,  Petrolaeum — b.  Malta,  Pissas- 
phaltum— b.  Salt  of,  Bitnoben — b.  Solidum,  As- 
phaltum. 

BIVEXTER,  Digastrieus  —  b.  Cervieis,  Com- 
plexus  musculus  —  b.  Maxillae,  Digastrieus. 

BIVENTRAL  LOBE  OF  THE  CEREBEL- 
LUM, see  Lobe,  biventral. 

BIXA  AMERICANA,  see  Terra  Orleana  — b. 
Orleana,    see   Terra   Orleana  —  b.  Orellana,  see 
Terra  Orleana. 
BLABE,  Wound. 
BLACCI^,  Rubeola. 
BLACIA,  Debility. 

BLACKBERRY,  AMERICAN,  see  Rubus 
fruticosus  —  b.  High  or  standing,  see  Rubus  fru- 
ticosus. 

BLACK  DOSE,  see  Infusum  Sennse  compo- 
situm. 

BLACK  DRAUGHT,  see  Infusum  Sennas 
compositum. 

BLACK  DROP,  Guttae  nigrae. 
BLACK  LION.     A  term  given  to  a  sloughing 
syphilitic  ulcer,  under  which  the  British  soldiers 
suffered  greatly  in  Portugal. 

BLACK  ROOT,  Aletris  farinosa,  Leptandria 
purpurea. 

BLACKWATER,  Pyrosis. 
BLADDER,  GALL,  see  Gall  Bladder— b.  Irri- 
'able,  Cysterethismus  —  b.  Swim,  Air  bladder  — 
b.  Urinary,  see  Urinary  Bladder. 
BLADUM,  BU. 

BLjESITAS,  BlcBsa  lingua.  Some  authors  have 
used  this  word  assynonymous  with  stammering. 
See  Balbuties.  Saurages  understands  by  it  a 
d^feO't  ill  pronunciation,  which  consists  in  substi- 


tuting soft  consonants  for  those  that  are  har<S ; 
as  the  z  for  s,  the  D  for  t,  the  s  for  g  and  j,  &c. 
Also,  Lisping,  Traulis'mus,  Trau'lotes,  (F.j  BU- 
eite,  Ble  (parler.) 

BL^SOPODES,  see  Kyllosis. 

BL^SOPUS,  see  Kyllosis. 

BLjSISUS.  a  distortion;  especially  the  out- 
ward distortion  of  the  legs.     Also,  a  stammerer. 

BLAFARD,  (F.)  Pal'lidua,  Pallid'ulve.  This 
ejiithet  is  sometimes  given  to  the  skin,  when  pale 
and  dull ;  but,  most  frequently,  to  the  flesh  of  a 
wound,  when  it  has  lost  its  colour,  and  beeonie 
white.  The  word  is,  also,  sometimes  used  syno- 
nymously with  Albino. 

BLANG  DE  BALEINE,  Cetaceum  —  I.  de 
Fard,  Bismuth,  subnitrate  of — 6.  de  I'CEil,  Scle- 
rotic—  h.  d' Q^uf,  Albumen  ovi — h.  de  Perle,  Bis- 
muth, subnitrate  of. 

BLANC-MANGEB,  (F.)  Cihus  alius,  Leuco. 
pha'gium,  Leucoph' acjurn,  Argyrotrophe' ma.  An 
animal  jelly,  so  called  on  account  of  its  colour, 
combined  with  an  emulsion  of  sweet  almonds,  to 
which  sugar  has  been  added,  and  some  aromatic. 
It  is  sometimes  prescribed  as  a  nutriment  in  con- 
valescence and  chronic  diseases. 

BLANC-RAISIN,  Blanc  Rhazis. 

BLANC  RHAZIS,  Blanc-raisin.  An  oint- 
ment composed  of  cerussa,  white  wax,  and  olive 
oU. 

BLANCA,  Plumbi  subcarbonas. 

BLANCH,  TO,  from  (F.)  blanchir,  'to  whiten, 
to  bleach.'  To  whiten  hj  depriving  of  the  outer 
rind;  as  'to  blanch  almonds;'  i.  e.  to  peel  them. 

BLANGHET,  (F.)  A  blanket.  A  term  given, 
by  the  French  Pharmaciens,  to  the  woollen 
strainer  through  which  they  filter  syrup  and 
other  thick  fluids.     See,  also,  Aphthae. 

BLANCHING,  Etiolation. 

BLANCNON  ORIBASII,  Polypodium  filii 
mas. 

BLAS.  An  unmeaning  term,  invented  by  Van 
Helmont  to  designate  a  kind  of  movement  in  the 
body;  at  times,  local, — at  others,  under  extrane- 
ous influence.  Thus,  he  speaks  of  the  Bias  rnete- 
oros  of  the  heavenly  bodies,  and  the  Bias  huma'- 
num,  that  which  operates  in  man. 

Blas  Alterativum,  Plastic  force. 

BLASE,  (F.)  An  epithet  given  to  one  whom 
the  abuse  of  enjoyment  has  prevented  from  any 
longer  deriving  satisfaction  or  pleasure  from  it. 

BLASTE'MA,  Blaste'sis,  from  ^Xaaravw,  'I 
bud.'  A  germ.  The  sense  of  this  word,  which 
is  often  used  by  Hippocrates,  is  obscure.  Castelli 
thinks  it  means  the  eruption  of  some  morbific 
principle  at  the  surface  of  the  body.  Also,  the 
matrix  or  general  formative  element  of  tissues. 

BLAS'TEMAL,  Blastema'lis.  Relating  or  ap- 
pertaining to  a  blastema,  —  as  '  Uastemal  forma- 
tions,' those  that  are  formed  from  a  blastema. 

BLASTODERMA,  see  Molecule. 

BLATTA  BYZAN'TIA,  Unguis  odora'tns,  (F.) 
Blatte  de  Byzance.  This  name  seems,  formerly, 
to  have  been  given  to  a  marine  production  from 
some  of  the  Conchylia.  It  had  an  agreeable 
smell,  a  reddish  tint,  and  the  shape  of  a  nail.  It 
was  yjrescribed  in  epilepsy,  hysteria,  and  hepatic 
obstructions.  Rondelet  affirms  that  it  was  the 
production  of  the  shell-fish  murex  or  ]/urpura  ; 
and  that  the  name  Blatta  is  derived  from  the 
Greek  fiXarTuq,  'purple.' 

BLAVELLE,  Centaurea  cyanus. 

BLAVEOLE,  Centaurea  cj'anus. 

BLAVEROLLE,  Centaurea  cyanus. 

BLAZING-STAR,  Chama?lirium  luteum,  Li- 
atris. 

BLE,  Bladum.  This  word  answers,  in  France, 


BLE 


137 


BLEPHAROPTOSIS 


to  the  word  Corn  in  England;  i.  e.  any  Mud  of 
grain  employed  for  making  bread.  Wheat  being 
most  commonly  used  for  this  purpose,  Ble  is 
sometimes  restricted  to  this.  £le  nieteil  is  a 
mixture  of  wheat  and  rye. 

BLE  CORNU,  Ergot — h.  d'Esjmgne,  Zea  mays 
—  b.  d'ltulie,  Zea  Mays  —  h.  Meteil,  see  Ble  — 
h.  Noir,  Polygonum  fagopyrum  —  6.  de  Turquie, 
Zea  mays. 

BLE  (PARLEB,)  Blaesitas. 

BLEABERRY,  Vaecinium  myrtillus. 

BLEACHING  LIQUID,  Eau  dejavelle. 

BLEAR-EYE,  Lippitudo. 

BLEB,  Bulla. 

BLEGHNOiSr,  Polypodium  filix  mas. 

BLECHNUM  LIGNIFOLIUM,  Asplenium 
Scolopendrium  —  b.  Squamosum,  Asplenium  ce- 
teraeh. 

BLECHROPYRA,  see  Blechros. 

BLECHROPYRUS,  Typhus  mitior. 

BLECHROS,  PUxpos,  'weak,  feeble,  slow.' 
An  epithet  applied  to  different  affections,  and 
particularly  to  fevers.  Hence  Blechroi^'yra,  '  a 
slow  fever:'  Blechrosphyq'mia,  'a  slow  pulse.' 

BLECHROSPHYGMIA,  see  Blechros. 

BLED,  Corn. 

BLEEDING,  Bloodletting,  Haemorrhagia. 

BLEEDING  FROM  THE  NOSE,  Epistaxis 
— b.  Heart,  Cypripedium  luteum. 

BLE3IE,  (F.)  This  word  has  nearly  the  same 
signification  as  Blafard.  Generally,  however,  it 
includes,  also,  emaciation  of  the  countenance. 

BLENNA,  Mucus — b.  Narium,  Nasal  mucus. 

BLENNADENI'TIS,  from  ^\^vva,  'mucus,' 
ahnv,  '  a  gland,'  and  itis,  denoting  inflammation. 
Inflammation  of  mucous  follicles. 

BLENNELYT'RIA,  from  fiXtwa,  'mucus,'  and 
ckvTpuv,  'a  sheath.'  A  discharge  of  mucus  from 
the  vagina.     Leucorrhoea. — Alibert. 

BLENNEM'ESIS.  Blennoem'esia,  Vom'itus 
pituito'sus,  from  ^\svva,  'mucus,'  and  e/ieaig, 
'vomiting.'     A^omiting  of  mucus. 

BLENNENTERIA,  Dysentery. 

BLENNISTH'MIA,  from /JAsi'va,  'mucus,'  and 
nr^jio;,  '  the  gullet.  Increased  flow  of  mucus 
from  the  pharynx  and  larynx. — Alibert. 

BLENNOCHEZIA,  Diarrhoea,  mucous. 

BLENNOCYSTIDES,  Bursee  mucosae. 

BLENNODES,  Muciform. 

BLENNOEMESIS,  Blennemesis. 

BLENNOG"ENOUS,  Blennocf'enus,  ITucific, 
Muci/'icus,  from  fiXtvva,  '  mucus,'  and  ytvau,  '  I 
form.'  Forming  or  generating  mucus.  Breschet 
and  Roussel  de  Vauzeme  describe  an  apparatus 
of  this  kind  for  the  secretion  of  the  mucous  mat- 
ter that  constitutes  the  cuticle,  composed  of  a 
glandular  parenchyma  or  organ  of  secretion  situ- 
ate in  the  substance  of  the  true  skin,  and  of 
excretory  ducts,  which  issue  from  the  organ, 
and  deposite  the  mucous  matter  between  the 
papillae. 

BLENNOIDES,  Muciform. 

BLENNOIDEUS,  Muciform. 

BLENNOPHTHALMIA,  Ophthalmia,  (puru- 
lent.) 

BLENNOP'TYSIS,  from /SXc^ra,  and  irnju,  'I 
Bpit.'     Expectoration  of  mucus.     Catarrh. 

BLENNOP'YRA,  Blennopy'ria,  from  /JXwya, 
and  TTvp,  'fire.'  Alibert  has  classed,  under  this 
head,  various  fevers  with  mucous  complications  ; 
as  Ilesenteric  fever,  Adeno-meninqeal  fever,  <fcc. 

BLENNORRHAGIA,  Gonorrhoea— b.  Genita- 
linm,  Leucorrhcea — b.  Notha,  Gonorrhoea  spuria 
— b.  Spuria,  Gonorrhoea  spuria. 

BLENNORRHAGIC  EPIDIDYMITIS,  Her- 
nia humoralis. 


BLEXXORRHAGIE  FAUSSE,  Gonorrlicea 

spuria — h.  da  Gland,  Gonorrhoea  spuria. 

BLENNORRHINIA,  Coryza. 

BLENNORRHCE'A,  BlennorrTioe,  Blennor- 
rhag"ia,  Phlegmorrhce'a,  Phlegmorrhag"ia,  from 
fiXevva,  'mucus,'  and  ptoj,  'I  flow.'  Inordinate 
secretion  and  discharge  of  mucus.  Also,  Gonor- 
rhoea. 

Blennorrrcea  Chronica,  (gleet,)  see  Gonor- 
rhoja — b.  Geuitalium,  Leucorrhoea  —  b.  Luode?, 
Gonorrhoea impura — b.  Nasalis,  Coryza — b.  Oculi, 
see  Ophthalmia  —  b.  Oculi  gonorrhoica,  see  Oph- 
thalmia— b.  Oculi  neonatorum,  see  Ophthalmia — 
b.  Oculi  purulenta,  see  Ophthalmia — b.  Urethralis, 
Gonorrhoea,  Cystorrhcea — b.  Ventriouli,  Gastror- 
rhoea — b.  Yesicse,  Cystorrhcea. 

BLENNO'SES,  from  S\tvva,  'mucus.'  Afi"ec- 
tions  of  the  mucous  membranes. — Alibert. 

BLENNOTHORAX,  Catarrh,  Peripneumonia 
notha — b.  Chronicus,  Asthma  humidum. 

BLENNOTORRHCEA,  Otirrhoea. 

BLENNURETHRIA,  Gonorrhoea. 

BLENNURIA,  Cystorrhcea. 

BLEPHARADENITIS,  Ophthalmia  Tarsi. 

BLEPHARANTHRACO'SIS,  ^ZejoAari'- 
tis  gangrcsno'sa,  Oarhuiicula'tio  Oc'uli,  Gangre- 
nous inflammation  of  the  eyelids. 

BLEPHARELOSIS,  Entropion. 

BLEPHARIDES,  Cilia. 

BLEPHARIDOPLASTICE,  Blepharoplastica, 

BLEPHARISMUS,  Nictation. 

BLEPHARITIS,  Ophthalmia  tarsi  — b.  Gan- 
greenosa,  Blepharanthracosis. 

BLEPHAROBLENNORRHCEA,  Ophthalmia, 
purulent  —  b.  Neonatorum,  see  Ophthalmia  (pu- 
rulenta infantum.) 

BLEPH'ARO-CONJUNCTIVI'TIS,  Blepha- 
rosyndesmi'tis,  from  (SXeipapov,  'an  eyelid,'  and 
conjunctiva.  Ophthalmia  aff'ecting  the  conjunc- 
tiva and  eyelids. 

BLEPHARODYSCHRCE'A,  from  fiXi^apox,  the 
'eyelid,'  Jtiy,  'with  difficulty,'  and  x?°'^'  '  eolcur.' 
Discoloration  of  the  eyelid.  Naevus  of  the  eye- 
lid.— Von  Ammon. 

BLEPHARCEDEMA  AQUOSUM,  Hydroble- 
pharon. 

BLEPHARON,  Palpebra— b.  Atoniaton,  Ble- 
pharoptosis. 

BLEPHARONCO'SIS,  Blepharon' ens,  hle- 
pharopAy'ma,  Palpehra'rum  Tumor,  from  /SXt^i- 
pov,  '  eyelid,'  and  oymog,  '  tumour.'  A  tumour  of 
the  eyelid. 

BLEPHARONCUS,  Blepharoncosis. 

BLEPHAROPTHALMIA,  Ophthalmia  tarsi 
— b.  Neonatorum,  see  Ophthalmia — b.  Purulenta, 
Blepharopyorrhoea. 

BLEPHAROPHTHALMITIS  GLANDULO- 
SA,  Ophthalmia,  purulent,  of  infants. 

BLEPHAROPHYMA,  Blepharoncosis. 

BLEPHAR0PLAS'TICE,5?ej3Aarirfop;as'fiee, 
Inmt"io  Cilio'rurn,  from  P'\c(papov,  'the  eyelid,' 
and  TrXaoTiKoj,  'forming,'  'formative.'  The  for- 
mation of  a  new  eyelid. 

BLEPHAROPLEGIA,  Blepharoptosis. 

BLEPHAROPTO'SIS,  Blepharople' gia,  Casus 
pal'pehrcB  superio'ris,  Delaji'sits  pal'pebrcB,  Pro- 
lap'sds  paVpehrm,  Propto'sis  pal'j^ebrcB,  Pto'sis 
pal'piehrcB,  Atoniaton  blepharon,  from  pXe^agov, 
'the  eyelid,'  and  zruian,  'fall.'  A  falling  down 
of  the  upper  eyelid  over  the  eye,  caused  by  a 
Yiaxaly&\s  oi  ^he  Levator  palpehrcB  superioris  mus- 
cle. This  paralysis  is  an  unfavourable  symptom, 
as  it  is  generally  connected  with  a  state  of  tho 
brain  favouring  apoplexy  or  palsy. 

Blepharoptosis  EcTROPiujit,  Ectropium-  -bi 
Entropion,  Entropion. 


BLEPHAROPYORRHCEA 


138 


BLOOD 


BLEPHAROPYOERHCE'A,  Blepharoplthal' - 
fpia  2ntriden' ta,  Pijorrlice'a  pal'jtehreB,  from  j3X£0- 
iiQov,  'eyelid;'  wov,  'pus,'  and  pceu,  'I  flow.' 
Secretion  of  pus  from  the  eyelids. 

BLEPHARO-PYORRnCEA  NEONATORUM,  866  Oph- 
thalmia (purulenta  iufantum.) 

BLEPHARORRHCE'A,  from  p\s(papov,  'eye- 
lid,' and  /)£u,  '  I  flow.'  A  discharge  of  mucus 
from  the  eyelids. 

■  BLEPHAROSPAS'MUS,  from  /JXt^af-ov,  'eye- 
lid,' and  airacTiio;,  '  spasm.'  A  spasmodic  action 
of  the  orbicularis  palpebrarum  muscle. 

B  L  E  P  H  A ROS YNDESMITIS,  Blepharocon- 
junctivitis. 

BLEPHAROTIS,  Ophthalmia  tarsi— h.  Glan- 
dularis contagiosa,  see  Ophthalmia. 
BLEPHAROTITIS,  Ophthalmia  tarsi, 
BLEPHAROTOSIS,  Ectropium. 
BLEPHAROXY S'TUM,  BlepTiaroxys'trum, 
from  j3\£(papov,  '  eyelid,'  and  fuu,  '  I  scrape.'     An 
instrument  used,  by  the  ancients,  for  removing 
callosities,  which  made  their  appearance  in  the 
affection  called,  by  the  Greeks,  rpa^iiina. — Paulus 
of  ^gina,  Gorrseus. 

BLEPHIL'IA   HIRSU'TA,   Ohio  Horsemrnt, 
Hairy  Horsemint ;   an   indigenous   plant   of  the 
Mint  family,  Labiatse,  which  has  the   aromatic 
jjroperties  of  the  Mints. 
BLESTTE,  Blsesitas. 
BLESSURE,  Abortion,  "Wound. 
BLESTRIS'MUS.    Restlessness  of  the  sick.— 
Hippocrates. 

BLETA.  A  word,  used  by  Paracelsus  for  white 
or  milky  urine,  arising  from  diseased  kidneys. 
Biota  alba  has  the  same  meaning. 

BLEU  BE  PRUSSE,  Prussian  blue. 
BLEVILLE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.    Ble- 
■N-ille  is  a  village  about  two  miles  from  Havre. 
The  waters  are  acidulous  chalybeate. 

BLIGHT  IN  THE  EYE,  Ophthalmia,  catar- 
rhal. 

BLINDNESS,  Csecitas— b.  Colour,  Achroma- 
topsia. 

BLISTER,  Vesicato'rium,  Emplas'trum  Vesica- 
to'rium,  Emplas'trum  Lyttm,Epispas'tieiim,  Blister 
plaster,  from  vesica,  'a  bladder,'  (F.)  Vesicatoire, 
Vesicant.  Any  substance  which,  when  applied  to 
the  skin,  irritates  it,  and  occasions  a  serous  secre- 
tion, raising  the  epidermis,  and  inducing  a  vesicle. 
Various  articles  produce  this  eifect,  as  cantha- 
rides,  mustard,  garou,  eup)}iorhiiim,  garlic,  ammo- 
nia, <fec.  Blisters  are  used  as  counter-UTitants. 
By  exciting  a  disease  artificially  on  the  surface, 
we  can  often  remove  another  which  may  be  at 
the  time  existing  internally.  A  perpetual  blister 
is  one  that  is  kept  open  for  a  longer  or  a  shorter 
time  by  means  of  appropriate  dressings. 

Blister  or  vesication  also  means  the  vesicle 
produced  by  vesicatories. 

Blister,  Mag"istral,  (F.)  Vesicatoire  magis- 
tral.    A  prompt  means  of  producing  vesication 
rcommended  by  M.  Valleix.     It  is  prepared  as 
follows: — Take  powdered  cani/idrjrfes  &Txd.wheat- 
flower,  of  each  equal  parts  ,•  vinegar,  a  sufEcient 
quantity  to  form  a  soft  paste. 
Blister  Beetle,  Cantharis. 
Blister  Fly,  Cantharis. 
Blister  Plaster,  Blister. 
BLISTERWEED,  Ranunculus  acris. 
BLISTERING  FLY,  Cantharis— b.  Paper,  see 
Sparadrapum  vesicatorium — b.  Tissue,  Spara/lra- 
pum  vesicatorium. 

BLITUM  AMERICANUM,  Phytolacca  de- 
candra. 

BLOOD,  Anglo-Saxon,  blo6,  from  ble&an,  'to 
bleed.'  Sanguis,  Oruor,  Lapis  anima'lis,  Hcema, 
'ai/xa,  (F.)  San^.  An  animal  fluid  formed  chiefly 
from  the  chyle;  acquiring  inc^ortant  properties 


during  respiration  ;  entering  every  organ  through 
the  circulation;  distributing  the  nutritive  princi- 
ples to  every  texture,  and  the  source  of  every 
secretion.  The  blood  is  white  in  the  molluscous 
and  inferior  animals,  which  have  been,  hence, 
called  icliite-hlooded,  to  distinguish  them  from 
the  red-blooded,  which  class  includes  the  mam- 
malia, birds,  reptiles,  and  fishes.  Human  blood 
is  composed  of  water,  albumen,  fibrin,  an  animal 
colouring  substance,  a  little  fatty  matter — hamu' 
tela'um,  and  different  salts;  as  chlorides  of  potas- 
sium and  sodium,  phosphate  of  lime,  subcarbonato 
of  soda,  lime,  magnesia,  oxide  of  iron,  and  lactate 
of  soda,  united  with  an  animal  matter.  Arterial 
blood  is  of  a  florid  red  colour,  strong  smell,  temp. 
100°;  s.  g.  1.049.  Venous  blood  is  of  a  brownish 
red:  temp.  98°;  s.  g.  1.051.  The  difierence  in 
colour  has  given  occasion  to  the  first  being  called 
red  blood  ;  the  latter,  black.  The  former,  which 
is  distributed  from  the  heart,  is  nearly  the  same 
through  its  whole  extent:  the  latter  is  the  re- 
mains of  the  arterial  blood  after  the  different 
elements  have  been  taken  from  it  in  nutrition, 
and  probably  diflFers  in  composition.  It  likewise 
contains  diiferent  substances  absorbed.  Venous 
blood,  taken  from  a  vessel  and  left  to  itself,  be- 
comes solid,  and  separates  into  two  distinct  parts, 
— the  serum  or  watery,  supernatant  fluid ;  and 
the  criior,  coag'ulum,  crassamen'tum,  hepnr  seu 
placen'ta  san'guinis,  placen'ta  cruo'ris,  in'sula, 
thrombus,  or  clot.  The  serum  is  chiefly  water, 
holding  albumen  in  solution  and  the  salts  of  the 
blood.  The  clot  contains  the  fibrin,  colouring 
matter  —  hcematosin,  a  little  serum,  and  a  small 
quantity  of  salts.  M.  Le  Canu  found  the  blood  to 
be  composed — in  1000  parts — of  water,  785.590; 
albumen,  69.415  ;  fibrin,  3.565  ;  colouring  matter, 
119.626;  crystallizable  fatty  matter,  4.300;  oily 
matter,  2.270 ;  extractive  matter  soluble  in  alco- 
hol and  water,  1.920 ;  albumen  combined  with 
soda,  2.010;  chlorides  of  sodium  and  potassium; 
alkaline  phosphates,  sulphates,  and  subcarbon- 
ates,  7.304;  subcarbonate  of  lime  and  magnesia, 
phosphate  of  lime,  magnesia  and  iron,  peroxide 
of  iron,  1.414;  loss,  2.586.  The  four  principal 
components  of  the  blood  are  fibrin,  albumen, 
corpuscles,  and  saline  matter.  In  the  eirctdating 
blood  they  are  thus  combined — 

.,,       '       I  In  solution  forming  Liquor  Sangui- 

Saltr°J      "'*• 

Red  Corpuscles — suspended  in  the  Liquor  San- 
guinis. 

In  coagulated  blood  they  are  thus  combined : 
Fibrin,  |  Forming  the  crassamentum  or 

Red  Corpuscles,  J       clot. 

Albumen,  ]  Remaining  in  solution,  forming 
Salts,  J       serum. 

The  following  table  exhibits  the  computations 
of  difi'erent  physiologists  regarding  the  weight 
of  the  circulating  fluid — arterial  and  venous. 

Harvej',  1  iba 

Lister;  ' 

Moulins.  f -•■  ° 

Abildgii.ird.       J 
Bluineiibach,      ) 

Lohb,  \ 10 

Lower,  ) 

Spreneel 10  tn  15 

Giinther 15  lo  20 

Bliike Jlii  to  18f 

Miiller  and  Burdach 20 

Wacner 20  lo  25 

Qiip^nai 27 

F  Hoffmann 28 

Haller 28  to.?0 

Young, 40 

Ilaiiiberger 60 

Keill 100 


BLOODINa 


139 


BOISSE 


The  proportion  of  arterial  Wood  to  venous  is 
about  4  to  9. 

Much  attention  has  been  paid  to  the  varying 
condition  of  the  blood  in  disease.  The  average 
proportion  of  each  of  the  organic  elements  in 
1000  parts  of  healthy  blood  is  as  follows,  accord- 
ing to  Le  Cann,  and  MM.  Andral  and  Gavarret: — 
fibrin,  3;  red  corpuscles,  127}  solid  matter  of  the 
serum,  SO;  water,  790. 

Dried  human  hlood  was,  at  one  time,  consi- 
dered to  be  anti-epileptic;  that  of  the  goat,  dried, 
iianguia  hirci  sicca'tus,  sudorific  and  autipleu- 
retie. 

Blood,  Arterial,  see  Blood  —  b.  Black,  see 
Blood — b.  Black,  Vascular  system  of,  see  Vascu- 
lar— b.  Casein,  Globulin — b.  Corpuscles,  Globules 
of  the  blood — b.  Disease,  Hsematonosos- — b.  Disks, 
Globules  of  the  blood — b.  Dried,  see  Blood — -b. 
Loss  of,  Hffimorrhagia — b.  Red,  see  Blood — b. 
Red,  system  of,  see  Vascular  —  b.  Spitting  of. 
Haemoptysis — b.  Venous,  see  Blood — b.  Vomit- 
ing of,  HfBmatemesis — b.  White,  Lymph. 

BLOODING,  Bloodletting. 

BLOODLESSNESS,  Anemia. 

BLOOD-LETTING,  Ilissio  sen  Detrac'tio 
San'guims,  Hamax'is,  Cataschas'mtis,  Blooding, 
Bleeding,  (F.)  Saignee,  Emission  sanguine.  A 
discharge  of  a  certain  quantity  of  blood  produced 
by  art :  an  operation  which  consists  in  making 
an  opening  into  a  vessel  to  draw  blood  from  it. 
When  practised  on  an  artery,  it  is  called  Arteri- 
ot'omy ;  on  a  vein,  Plilehot'omy,  Venaisec'tio,  Ve- 
nesec'tion ;  and  on  the  capillary  vessels,  local  or 
capillary,  in  contradistinction  to  the  former, 
which  is  termed  general.  Blood-letting  is  used 
both  during  the  existence  of  a  disease,  as  in  in- 
flammation, and  in  the  way  of  prophylaxis.  It 
is  emploj'ed  to  fulfil  various  indications.  1.  To 
diminish  the  actual  mass  of  blood; — when  it  is 
termed,  by  the  French  pathologists,  Saignee  eva- 
cnative.  In  such  case,  fluids  ought  not  to  be  al- 
lowed too  freely  afterwards.  2.  To  diminish  the  tur- 
gescence  in  any  particular  organ — (  (F.)  Saignee 
rSvulsive,  Bevulsive  hloodletting  or  bleeding,  Ve- 
nassec'tio  revxdso'ria,  when  performed  far  from  the 
part  affected;  and  Saignee  derivative,  when  near.) 
o.  To  diminish  the  consistence  of  the  blood,  (F.) 
Saignee  spoliative.  The  immediate  eS"ects  of 
blood-letting  are :  diminution  of  the  mass  of 
blood  and  of  heat;  retardation  of  the  pulse,  and 
sometimes  syncope.  Blood-letting  from  the  veins 
— jMebotomy,  is  practised  on  the  subcutaneous 
veins  of  the  neck,  the  face,  the  fore-arm,  and  the 
leg ;  sometimes  on  those  of  the  hand  or  foot. 
The  necessary  apparatus  consists  of  a  bandage 
or  riband,  a  compress  of  rag,  and  a  lancet  or 
phleam. 

The  veins  selected  for  the  operation,  are,  1.  Tii 
the  fold  of  the  arm,  five; — the  cephalic,  basUic, 
the  two  median,  and  the  anterior  cubital.  2.  In 
the  hand,  the  cephalic  and  salvatella.  3.  Jn  the 
foot,  the  great  and  little  saphena.  4.  In  the  neck, 
the  external  jugular.  5.  In  the  forehead,  the 
frontal.  6.  In  the  mouth,  the  ranine.  The  ope- 
ration of  phlebotomy  in  the  limbs  is  performed 
by  tying  a  circular  bandage  round  the  limb,  in 
order  that  the  subcutaneous  veins  may  become 
turgid  by  the  course  of  the  blood  being  ob- 
structed :  the  bandage  not  being  so  tight,  how- 
ever, as  to  compress  the  arteries  of  the  limb.  A 
puncture  is  made  into  the  vein,  and  the  desired 
quantity  allowed  to  flow.  The  ligature  is  now 
removed,  and  a  compress  and  retaining  bandage 
applied.  Capillary  or  local  blood-letting  is  prac- 
tised on  the  skin  or  mucous  membranes,  by 
means  of  leeches,  the  lancet,  or  cupping. 


Bloodlettis'g,  Capillary,  see  Bloodletting — 
b.  Derivative,  see  Bloodletting — b.  Evacuative, 
see  Bloodletting — b.  General,  see  Bloodletting — 
b.  Local,  see  Bloodletting  —  b.  Revulsive,  see 
Bloodletting — b.  Spoliative,  see  Bloodletting. 

BLOODLIKE,  Sanguine. 

BLOODROOT,  Sanguinaria  Canadensis. 

BLOODSHOT,  Hypertemic. 

BLOODSTONE,  Haematites. 

BLOOD  VESICLE,  Globule  of  the  blood. 

BLOOD  VESSEL,  (F.)  Vaisseau  sangiiin. 
vessel  destined  to  contain  and  convey  blood. 

Blood  Vessel,  breaking,  buestixg,  ruptur- 
ing OP  A.     Hsemorrhagia. 

BLOODWEED,  Asclepias  curassaviea. 

BLOODWORT,  Sanguinaria  Canadensis. 

BLOODY,  Sangiiin'eus,  Cruen'tns,  Sangttin'- 
eous,  (F.)  Sanguin.  Having  the  character  of 
blood.     Relating  to  blood.     See  Sanguine. 

BLOOM,  HONEY,  Apocynum  androssemifo- 
lium. 

BLOTA  ALBA,  Bleta. 

BLOW,  Ictus,  Plege,  (F.)  Cowp.  Efiect  pro- 
duced by  one  body  striking  another.  The  im- 
pression made  by  any  body  which  strikes  us,  or 
against  which  we  strike;  — a  common  cause  of 
wounds,  contusions,  fractures,  &c. 

BLOWING  SOUND,  Bruit  de  Souffle. 

BLUE-BELLS,  Gentiana  eatesbtei. 

BLUE-BERRY,  Caulophyllum  thalictroides, 
Lantana. 

BLUB  BOTTLE,  Centaurea  cyanus,  Cyanua 
segetum. 

BLUE  STONE,  Cupri  sulphas. 

BL  UET  BES  3I0ISS0NS,  Cyanus  segetum. 

BLUSH,  see  Flush. 

Blush,  Cutaneous,  see  Efilorescence. 

BOA,  Boia.  An  eruption  of  red,  ichorous  pim- 
ples.— Pliny.     See,  also,  Hidroa  and  Sudamina, 

Boa  Upas,  Upas. 

BO^,  Syphilis. 

BOBERRI,  Curcuma  longa. 

BOCHIUM,  Bronchocele. 

BOCIUM,  Bronchocele. 

BOOKLET,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  The 
springs  of  Bocklet,  in  Bavaria,  are  acidulous 
chalybeates. 

BODY,  Corpus,  Soma,  (F.)  Corps;  from  (Teu- 
tonic) boden,  the  'fundus  or  bottom.' (?)  The 
human  body  is  the  collection  of  organs  which 
compose  the  frame.  At  times,  however,  body  is 
used  synonymously  with  trunh.  We  say,  also, 
body  of  the  femur,  of  the  sphenoid,  Ac,  to  desig- 
nate the  shaft  or  middle  portion  of  those  bones; 
body  of  the  uterus,  &c.     Also,  the  rectum. 

Body,  Coming  down  of  the,  Proctocele. 

BODY-SNATCHER,  Resurrectionist. 

BOE,  Cry. 

BOELLL  Intestines. 

BOETHEMA,  Medicament. 

BOG-BEAN,  Menyanthes  trifoliata. 

BOHON  UPAS,  Upas. 

BOIA,  Boa. 

BOIL,  Furunculus — b.  Gum,  Parulis — b.  Ma- 
lignant, see  Furunculus — b.  Wasp's  nest,  see  Fu- 
runculus. 

BOISDE  C AMP E CHE,  HEematoxylum  Cam- 
pechianum — b.  de  Chypre,  Rhodium  lignum — b. 
de  Couleuvre,  see  Stryehnos  —  b.  de  Marais,  Ce- 
phalanthus  oceidentalis — b.  de  Plomb,  Dirca  pa- 
lustris  —  6.  Puant,  Prunus  padus  —  b.  de  Rose, 
Rhodium  lignum — b.  de  Sappan,  Ca?salpinia  saj>- 
pan — 6.  Sudorifique,  Wood,  sudorific. 

BOISSE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  These 
waters  are  situate  about  half  a  league  from  Fou- 
tenay-le-Compte,  in  France.    They  are  purgative, 


JBOISSON 


140 


BONE 


and  seem  to  contain  carbonate  and  sulphate  of 
lime  and  chloride  of  sodium. 

BOISSON,  Drink. 

BOITE,  (F.)  A  hox  or  case,  Capsa,  Pyxis. 
An  apparatus  for  the  reception  of  any  matters 
which  it  may  be  desirable  to  preserve.  In  Sur- 
yery  and  Anatomy  Boites  d  dissection,  B.  d  am- 
putation, B.  d  trepan,  B.  d  cataracte,  &o.,  mean 
the  cases  containing  these  various  instruments. 
Bozte  du  Crane  is  the  bony  case  which  receives 
the  brain.  Botte  is,  also,  the  portion  of  the 
stem  of  the  trephine  which  receives  the  pyra- 
mid or  centre-pin.  Boite  de  Petit  is  a  machine, 
invented  by  M.  Petit,  to  retain  the  fractured  por- 
tions of  bone  in  apposition,  when  the  leg  has  been 
fractured  in  a  complicated  manner.  Boite  is,  also, 
a  kind  of  case  put  before  an  artificial  anus  to  re- 
ceive the  fasces,  which  are  continually  being  dis- 
charged. The  vulgar,  in  France,  give  the  name 
Boite  to  various  articulations, — B.  de  c/enou,  B. 
de  la  hanche ;  "knee-joint,  hip-joint." 

BOITEMENT,  Claudication. 

BOITIER,  (F.)  Appareil,  Gap'sidawnguenta'- 
ria,  Capsa' rium.  A  Dressing-case.  A  box,  con- 
taining salves  and  different  apparatus,  used  more 
particularly  by  the  dressers  in  hospitals. 

BOL,  Bolus — 6.  d'Armenie,  Bole,  Armenian — 
b.  Blanc,  Bolus  alba. 

BOLA,  Myrrha. 

BOLCHON,  Bdellium. 

BOLE,  Bolus,  (F.)  Bol,  Terre  holaire,  meant, 
with  the  older  writers,  argillaceous  earth,  used 
as  an  absorbent  and  alexipharmic.  The  various 
boles  had  different  forms  given  to  them,  and  were 
stamped,  as  in  the  following  : 

Bole  Aeme'nian,  Bole  Arme'niac,  B .  Ar'me- 
nic,  Argil'la  ferrugin'ea  rubra,  A.  Bolus  rubra, 
Slnapi'sis,  Arena'men,  Bolus  Orienta'lis,  Bolus 
Armeiiiaca,  B.  Arme'nioB,  B.  rubra,  (F.)  Bol 
d'Armenie.  A  red,  clayey  earth,  found  not  only 
in  Armenia,  but  in  several  countries  of  Europe, — 
in  Tuscany,  Silesia,  France,  &c.  It  was  onco 
esteemed  a  tonic  and  astringent,  and  was  applied 
as  a  styptic.  It  is  now,  scarcely,  if  ever,  used. 
It  consists  of  argil,  mixed  with  lime  and  iron. 

BOLBSIS,  Coral. 

BOLESON,  Balsam. 

BOLET  ODORANT,  Daedalea  suaveolens. 

BOLETUS  AGARICUS,  B.  Laricis— b.  Albus, 
Boletus  lai-icis — b.  Discoideus,  Daedalea  suaveo- 
lens. 

Bole'ttis  Esculen'tus,  (F.)  Morelle.  An 
eatable  mushroom,  found  in  the  woods  in  Eu- 
rope, and  much  admired  by  Gastronomes.  It  was 
formerly  esteemed  to  be  aphrodisiac. 

Boletus  Fulvus,  B.igniarius — b.  Hippocrepis, 
B.  igniarius. 

Bole'tus  Ignia'rius.  The  systematic  name 
for  the  Ag'aric,  Agar'icus,  Agar'icum  of  the 
Pharmacopoeias,  Agar'icus  Chirurgo'rum,  Agar'- 
icus Quercus  seu  ignia'rius.  Polyp' orus  ignia'rius, 
la'ca,  Bole'tus  ungula'tus  seu  fulvus  seu  hippo- 
crepis seu  obtu'sus,  Spunk,  Am'adou,  Punk,  Fun- 
gus Ignia'rius,  Fungus  Querci'nus,  Agaric  of  the 
Oak,  Touchwood,  Touchicood  Boletus,  Female 
Agaric,  Tinder,  (F  )  Agaric  de  chene,  Amadou- 
vier.  It  was  formerly  much  used  by  surgeons  as 
a  styptic. 

BoLB'Ttrs  Lar'iciS,  S.  Larici'nus,  Fun'gus 
Lar'icis,  Polyp'orus  officina'lis,  Agar'icus  albus 
eeu  Lar'icis,  Polyp'orus  officina'lis,  A.  Albus  op'- 
limus,  B.  v':,rgans,  B.  albus,  B.  agar'icus,  B.  offi,- 
cina'lis.  White  Agaric,  (F.)  Agaric  blanc.  On 
the  continent  of  Europe  it  has  been  given  as  a 
eatharcic  an,i  emetic,  as  well  as  to  moderate  the 


sweats    in    phthisis.  —  De    Haen.      Externally, 

st3'ptic. 

Boletus  Obttjsus,  B.  igniarius — b.  OflBcinalis, 
B.  laricis — b.  Purgans,  Boletus  laricis — b.  Salicis, 
Dsedalea  suaveolens  —  b.  Suaveolens,  Daedalea 
suaveolens — b.  Touchwood,  Boletus  igniarius. 

BOLT  3IARTIS,  Ferrum  tartarisatum. 

BOLISMOS,  Boulimia, 

BOLI'TES.  The  mushroom;  perhaps  tiie 
Agar'icus  Aurantiacus.  —  Pliny,  Martial,  Scuto- 
nius,  Galen.  It  was  so  called,  in  consequence 
of  its  shape, — from  Bolus. 

BOLUS,  j3o}Xos,  a  morsel,  a  mouthful,  a  bole, 
(F.)  Bol.  A  pharmaceutical  preparation,  having 
a  pilular  shape,  but  larger ;  capable,  however,  of 
being  swallowed  as  a  pill. 

Bolus  Alba,  Terra  Sigilla'ta,  Argil'la  pal- 
lid'ior  :  called  sigilla'ta,  from  being  commonly 
made  into  small  cakes  or  flat  masses,  and  stamped 
or  sealed  with  certain  impressions.  (F.)  Bol 
blanc,  Terre  Sigillee,  Argile  ochreuse  pale.  It 
was  used  like  Bole  Armenian,  and  was  brought 
from  Etruria.     See  Terra. 

Bolus,  Alimen'tary,  Bolus  Alimenta'rius, 
The  bole  formed  by  the  food,  after  it  has  under- 
gone mastication  and  insalivation  in  the  mouth ; 
and  been  collected  upon  the  tongue  prior  to  de- 
glutition. 

Bolus  Orienta'lts.  A  kind  of  bolar  earth, 
only  distinguished  from  Bole  Armenian  in  being 
brought  from  Constantinople.  See  Bole,  Arme- 
nian. 

Bolus  Rubra,  Bole,  Armenian. 

BOMA'REA  SALSIL'LA.  The  inhabitants 
of  Chili  use  this  plant  as  a  sudorific.  It  is  given 
in  infusion  in  cutaneous  diseases. 

BOMBAX,  Gossypium. 

BOMBEMENT,  Bombus. 

BOMBUS,  Au'rium  fiiictiia'tio,  A.  Sib'ihis,  A. 
Son'itus,  A.  Susur'rus,  (F.)  Bombement.  A  kind 
of  ringing  or  buzzing  in  the  ears; — characterized, 
according  to  Sauvages,  by  the  perception  of 
blows  or  beating  repeated  at  certain  intervals. 
Also,  Borborygmus.  See  Flatulence,  and  Tin- 
nitus Aurium. 

BOMBYX  MORI,  see  Sericum. 

BON,  Coffea  Arabiea. 

BONA.  Phaseolus  vulgaris. 

BONANNIA  OFFICINALIS,  Sinapis  alba. 

BONA  FEVER,  see  Fever,  Bona. 

EONDUE,  Gymnocladus  Canadensis. 

BONE,  Os,  Os'teon,  Os'teum,  (F.)  Os,  Saxon, 
ban.  The  bones  are  the  solid  and  hard  parts, 
which  form  the  basis  of  the  bodies  of  animals 
of  the  superior  classes ;  and  the  union  of  wbich 
constitutes  the  skeleton.  The  human  body  has, 
at  the  adult  age,  208  bones,  without  including 
the  32  teeth,  the  ossa  Wormiana,  and  the  sesa- 
moid bones.  Anatomists  divide  them,  from  their 
shape,  into  1.  Long  bones,  which  form  part  of  the 
limbs,  and  represent  columns  for  supporting  the 
weight  of  the  body,  or  levers  of  different  kinda 
for  the  muscles  to  act  upon.  2.  Flat  bones,  which 
form  the  parietes  of  splanchnic  cavities ;  and,  3. 
Short  bones,  met  with  in  parts  of  the  body  where 
solidity  and  some  mobility  are  necessary.  Bonea 
are  formed  of  two  different  textures;  spongy  and 
compact.  They  afford,  on  analysis,  much  phos- 
phate and  carbonate  of  lime,  a  little  phosphate 
of  magnesia,  phosphate  of  ammonia,  oxides  of 
iron  and  manganese,  some  traces  of  alumina  and 
silica,  gelatin,  fat,  and  water.  The  uses  of  the 
bones  are  mentioned  under  each  bone.  They 
give  shape  to  the  body,  contain  and  defend  th© 
viscera,  and  act  as  levers  to  the  muscles. 


BONEBIjSTDER 


141 


BORBORUS 


TABLE    OF   THE    BONES. 


BONE.q  OP 

THE 

IlSAO. 


Bones  of 

THE 

Trunk. 


Bones  of 
THE  Up- 
per Ex- 
tremity. 


Bones  of  Ihe 

CraniiLm  or 

Skull. 


Bones  of  the 
Face. 


Denies 

or     ^ 

Teeth. 

Bone  of  the 

Tongue. 


f  Frontal 1 

1  Parietal 2 

Occipital 1 

Temporal 2 

Klhinoid 1 

(.Sphenoid    i 

f  Superior  Maxillary. ...  2 

I  Jugal  or  Cheek 2 

I  Nasal 2 

J  Lachrymal 2 

1  Palatine 2 

Inferior  Spongy 2 

I  Vomer  ] 

[  Inferior  Maxillary  . . . .  1 

Incisores 8 

Cuspidati 4 

Molares 20 


Hyoid 


The  Pelcis. 
The  Shoulder. 

The  ./Jj-TO. 

Fbre-arni. 

r 

Carpus 
25  <(       Wrist. 


The  Thigh. 
The  Leg. 

r 


!  Malleus 2 
Incus  2 
Orbiculare 2 
Stapes 2 

(  Cervical 7 

VertehrcB.      <  Dorsal  12 

(  Lumbar 5 

Sacrum x 

Os  Coccygis 1 

Tho  T'^„     -     (  Sternum 1 

TheThorax.    |  j^jj^^ 24 

Innominatum 2 

j  Clavicle 2 

\  Scapula 2 

Humerus 2 

I  Ulna 2 

j  Radius 2 

f  Naviculare 2 

I  Lunare 2 

I  Cuneiforme 2 

;  Orbiculare 2 

j  Trapezium 2 

Trapezoides 2 

I  Magnum 2 

1_  Unciforme 2 

Metacarpals ]0 

Phalanges 28 

Femur 2 

Patella 2 

Tibia 2 

Bones  OF  ^        ^Fibula 2 

THE  f  f  Calcis  Os 2 

Lower    •{  .^        Tarsus     |  Astragalus 2 

EzTRE-       J  or        -^  Cuboides 2 

MITY.         „ -{      Instep.       Naviculare 2 

[  Cuneiforme 6 

Metatarsus 10 

_  Phalanges 28 

Total,  240 

BoNE-AcH,  Osteocopus  —  h.  Back,  Vertebral 
column — b.  Bar,  Pubis,  os — b.  Blade,  Scapula^ — 
b.  Boat-like,  Os  seaphoides — b.  Breast,  Sternum 
— b.  Crupper,  Coccyx. 

Bone  Fever,  see  Inflammation. 

Bone,  Haunch,  Ilion — b.  Interparietal,  Inter- 
parietal bone — b.  Rump,  Coccyx — b.  Share,  Pu- 
bis— b.  Splinter,  Fibula. 

Bone  Nippers,  OsteuV cum,  Tenac'ula,  from 
teneo,  '1  hold.'  (F.)  Tenaille  incisive.  An  in- 
strument used  for  cutting  off  splinters  and  car- 
tilages. It  is  a  kind  of  forceps,  the  handles  of 
which  are  strong,  and  the  edges,  which  touch 
each  other,  cutting. 

BONEBINDER,  Osteocolla. 

BONE-DOCTOR,  Bcnoueur. 

BONESET,  Eupatorium  perfoliatum  —  b.  Up- 
land, Eupntorium  sossilifolium. 

BONE-SETTER,  Benoueur. 

BONES,  BRITTLENESS  OF  THE,  Fragilitas 
ossium — b.  Friability  of  the,  Fragilitas  ossium — 
b.  Salt  of.  Ammonia  carbonas  —  b.  Softening  of 
the,  Mollities  ossium. 

BONIFACIA.  Ruscus  hypoglossum. 

BONNE  DAME,  Atriplex  hortensis. 

BONNES,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.   Bonnes 


is  a  village  six  leagues  from  Pau,  in  the  depart- 
ment Basses  Pyrenees,  France.  Here  are  severiil 
thermal  springs.  They  were  celebrated  as  early 
as  the  time  of  Francis  I.,  under  the  name  Eaux 
d'Arquebiisade.  They  contain  chlorides  of  sodium 
and  magnesium,  sulphates  of  magnesia  and  lime, 
sulphur,  and  silica.  The  temperature  is  from  78° 
to  98°  Fahrenheit. 

The  factitious  Eau  de  Bonnes  is  made  of  Hi/- 
drosulphuretted  tcater,  f^iv;  pure  water,  Oj.  and 
f^ss ;  cJdoride  of  sodium,  gr.  xxx ;  sidphate  of 
maqnesia,  gr.  i. 

BONNET,  Reticulum. 

BONNET  A  DEUX  GLOBES,  Bonnet  d'Hip. 
pocrate. 

BONNET  B!' HIPP  OCR  ATE,  Cap  of  Hip- 
poc'rates,  Mitra  Hippocrat' ica,  Fas'cia  capiita'lis, 
Pi'leus  Hippocrat' icus.  A  kind  of  bandage,  the 
invention  of  which  is  ascribed  to  Hippocrates. 
It  consists  of  a  double-headed  roller,  passed  over 
the  head  so  as  to  envelop  it  like  a  cap.  The 
French,  also,  name  it.  Bonnet  d  deux  globes, 
Oapeline  de  la  tete. 

BONNYCLABBER,  Clahher,  from  Irish, 
baine,  'milk,'  and  clabar,  'mire.'  In  Ireland, 
sour  buttermilk.  In  this  country,  the  thick  pai-t 
of  sour  milk. 

BONPLANDIA  ANGUSTURA,  Cusparia 
febrifuga — b.  Trifoliata,  Cusparia  febrifuga. 

BONTIA  GERMINANS,  Avicennia  tomen- 
tosa. 

BONUS  GENIUS,  Peucedanum— b.  Henricus, 
Chenopodium  bonus  Henricus. 
BONY,  Osseous. 
BOON  UPAS,  Upas. 
BOONA,  Phaseolus  vulgaris. 
BOOTIA  VULGARIS,  Saponaria. 
BOOTIKIN.    A  glove  with  a  partition  for  the 
thumb,  but  no  separate  ones  for  the  fingers — like 
an  infant's  glove — made  of  oiled  silk. — Dr.  E.  J. 
Seymour.     Horace  Walpole  speaks  in  raptures 
of  the  benefit  he  derived  from  bootikins  in  gout. 
BORAC'IC  ACID,  Ac"idum  Borac"icum,  Sal 
sedati'vua   Homber'gi,   Boric   Acid,   (F.)  Acide 
boracique.     An  acid  obtained  from  borax,  which 
was  once  looked  upon  as  sedative.     It  was  also 
called  Acor  Borac"icus,  Sal  vitrioli  narcot'icupi, 
Sal  volat'ile  Bora'cis,  and  Flores  Bora'cis. 
BOB  AGE,  Borago  officinalis. 
BORA'GO    OFFICINA'LIS,    Buglos'sum   ve- 
rum,   Bug.   latifo'lium,  Borra'go,    Corra'go,  Bo- 
rago horten'sis.   Borage,    (F.)   Bourrache.      Nat.. 
Ord.  Boraginese.     Sex.  Syst.  Pentandria  Mono- 
gynia.     The  leaves  and  flowers  have  been  con- 
sidered aperient. 

BORAS  SUPERSODICUS,  Borax. 
BORATHRON,  Juniperus  Sabina. 
BORAX,  Boras  Sodw,  Soda  Bibo'ras,  Subho- 
ras  SodcB,  Boras  super  sat' urtis  sodcB,  Soda  Bo- 
raxa'ta,  Chrysocol'la,  Capis'trum  auri,  Subborate 
of  protox'ide  of  So'dium,  Subprotobo'rate  of  So- 
dium, Boras  Soda,  alcales'cens  seu  alcali'num, 
Boras  super  so' dicus,  Borax  Ven'etus,  Subbo'ras 
Na'tricum,  Borax'trion,  Nitrnm  facti"tium,  &q. 
Subbo'rate  or  Biborate  of  Soda,  Borate  of  Soda, 
(F.)  Borate  ou  Sous-borate  de  Sonde,  Borate  sur- 
sature  de  sonde.  It  is  found  in  an  impure  state  in 
Thibet  and  Persia.  It  is  inodorous;  taste  cool, 
and  somewhat  alkaline;  soluble  in  12  parts  of 
water.  Borax  is  seldom  used  except  as  a  lo+ioD 
in  aphthae. 

Borate  of  Mercury  has  been  recommended 
as  an  antisyphilitic. 

BORAXTRION,  Borax. 

BORBON'IA  RUSCIFO'LIA,    A  small  Sontb 
African  shrub,  used  in  asthma  and  hydrothorax. 
In  decoction,  it  is  given  as  a  diuretic  — Pappe. 
BORBORUS,  Fimus. 


BOREORYGMUS 


142 


JBOUES  BES  EAUX 


BORBORYG'MUS,  from  Pop^opv^u,  'I  make  a 
dull  noise.'  Jfnrmtir  sen  JBombns  seu  Ilotua  In- 
testino'rum,  Anile'ma,  Aitile'sia,  C(Blo2}Soph'ia,  In- 
tona'tio  iatestina'lis,  Mxtrmur  ventria  seu  inteati- 
na'le,  Borbori/t/m,  (F.)  Gargouillement,  Grouille- 
ment  d'EiitralUes.  The  noise  made  by  flatus  in 
the  intestines;  This  happens  often  in  health, 
especially  in  nervous  individuals. 

BOllb,  (F.)  3/ar(jo,  Edge,  Margin.  Anato- 
mists have  so  named  the  boundaries  of  an  organ. 
Thus,  the  bones,  muscles,  &c.,  have  horda  as  well 
9S  bodies.  The  'free  edge,'  lord  libre,  is  one  not 
connected  with  any  part;  the  'adhering  edge,' 
hord  adhSrent,  one  that  is  connected;  and  the 
bord  articnlaire,  or  '  articular  margin,  or  edge,' 
that  which  is  joined  to  another  bone. 
BOIW  OILIAIRE,  Ciliary  margin. 
BORDEAUX,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Xear  this  great  city,  in  the  south-west  of  France, 
Is  a  saline,  chalybeate  spring.  It  contains  oxide 
of  iron,  carbonate  and  sulphate  of  lime,  chlorides 
of  sodium  and  calcium,  subcarbonate  of  soda,  and 
sulphate  of  magnesia. 

BORE,  Boron. 

BORGNE,  (F.)  Coclea,  Unoc'idiis,  Luseiia, 
Luscio'sua.  One  who  has  only  one  eye,  or  sees 
only  with  one.  The  word  has  been  used,  figu- 
ratively, for  blind,  in  surgery  and  anatomy.  See 
Cajcus. 

BORIUM,  Boron. 

BORKHAUSENIA  CAVA,  Fumaria  bulbosa. 

BOR.N ;  past  particle  of  bear,  (F.)  n^.  Brought 
forth  from  the  womb. 

Born  Alive.  It  has  been  decided  by  English 
judges,  that  '  to  be  born  alive,'  means  that  acts 
of  life  must  have  been  manifested  after  the  whole 
body  has  been  extruded ;  and  that  respiration  in 
tranaitu  is  not  evidence  that  a  child  was  born 
alive.  It  must  be  'wholly  born  alive;'  hence  res- 
piration may  be  a  sign  of  life,  but  not  of  live  birth. 

BORON,  Bo'riicm,  Borum,  (F.)  Bore.  A  simple 
substance,  the  basis  of  boracic  acid  ;  obtained,  by 
heating  potassium  with  boracic  acid,  as  a  dark 
olive-coloured  powder,  devoid  of  taste  and  smell. 
Heated  in  the  air  or  in  oxygen,  it  is  converted 
mto  boracic  acid. 

BOR'OSAIL,  Zael.     Ethiopian  names  for  a 
iisease,  very  common  there,  which  attacks  the 
'   organs  of  generation,  and  appears  to  have  con- 
tiderable  analogy  with  syphilis. 

BORRAGO,  Borago  ofBcinalis. 

BORRI,  Curcuma  longa. 

EORRIBERRI,  Curcuma  longa. 

BORSE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Borse  is 
^^  village  in  Beam.     The  waters  are  chalybeate. 

BORUBl,  Boron. 

BOSA.  An  aligyptian  name  for  a  mass,  made 
crthe  meal  of  darnel,  hemp-seed,  and  water.  It 
L  inebriating. — Prospero  Alpini. 

BOSCHES.JESMANSTHEE,  Methys  cophyl- 
lum  glaucum. 

BOSOM,  see  Mamma. 

BOSSA,  Plague  token. 

BOSSE,  Hump,  Protuberance  —  6.  Nasale, 
Nasal  protuberance. 

BOSWELLIA  SERRATA,  see  Juniperus  lycia. 

BOTAL  FORA'MEN,  Fora'men  Bota'le  seu 
BotaVlii ;  the  Fora'men  ovn'le,  (P.)  Trou  de 
Botal,  Trail  ovale.  A  large  opening  which  exists 
in  the  foetus  in  the  partition  between  the  two 
auricles  of  the  heart;  and  by  means  of  which 
the  blood  passes  from  one  to  the  other.  Its 
iiscovery  is  generally  attributed  to  Leonard  Bo- 
fcdlus,  Botal,  or  Botalli,  who  wrote  in  1562.  It 
was  spoken  of,  however,  by  Vesalius,  and  even 
by  Galen. 

BOTANK.  Herb. 

POTANICAL  DOCTOR,  Herb-doctor. 


B  0  TANIQ  UE  MEDIC  ALE,  Botany,  medical. 

BOT'ANY,  MED'ICAL,  Botan'ica  Med'lca, 
Medici' na  Botan'ica,  Phytolog" ia  med'ica;  from 
jioravrj,  'an  herb,'  (F.)  Botaniqve  Medicale.  The 
knowledge  of  the  properties,  characters,  &g.,  of 
those  vegetables  which  are  used  in  medicine. 

BOTAR'GO,  (F.)  Botargue.  A  preparation 
made  in  Italy  and  the  south  of  France,  with  the 
eggs  and  blood  of  the  Mugilceph'alua  or  Mullet  ; 
strongly  salted,  after  it  has  become  putrescent. 
It  is  used  as  a  condiment. 

BOTARGUE,  BotnTgo. 

BOTHOR.  An  Arabic  term  for  abscess  in  the 
nares.  It  means,  also,  a  tumour  in  general ; 
especially  those  which  are  without  solution  of 
continuity. 

BOTHRIOCEPH'ALUS,  Botrioceph'ahta  la- 
tua,  Bothrioceph' alum,  Botrioceph'alna,  from  Pod- 
ptov,  '  a  small  pit,'  and  KCipaXn,  '  head,'  Tce'nia  lata, 
T.  vidga'ris,  Lumbri'cns  latus,  Plate'a,  T.  oa'eidia 
lateral'ibua  gem'inia,  T.  grisea,  T.  membrana'cea, 
T.  tenel'la,  T.  denta'ta,  T.  huma'na  iner'mia,  Ual'- 
ysia  membrana' cea,  T.  pjrima,  T.  oa'cxdis  lateral'- 
ibua solita'riis,  T.  aceph'ala,  T.  oaculia  aiipcrjj- 
cial'ibua,  T.  a,  anneaux  courta,  T.  non  arme,  Ver 
aolitaire.  Broad  Tape  worm.  Common  in  Swit- 
zerland, Russia,  and  some  parts  of  France.  It 
inhabits  the  intestines  of  man,  and  extends  to  an 
enormous  length.  A  broken  specimen  has  been 
obtained  60  yards  long. — Goeze. 

BOTH'RION,  Both'rium,  from  /3o5po?,  'a  pit, 
cavity,'  &c.  An  alveolua  or  small  fossa.  A 
small  deep  ulcer  on  the  cornea. — Galen,  PaaluB 
of  MsJLnsi.     See  Foaaette. 

BOTHRIUM,  Bothrion,  Foaaette. 

BOTHROS,  Fovea. 

BOTIN,  Terebinthina. 

BOTIUM,  Bronchocele. 

BOTOTHINUM.  An  obscure  term,  used  by 
Paracelsus  to  denote  the  most  striking  symptom 
of  a  disease  :— the  Floa  morbi. 

BOTOU,  Pareira  brava. 

BOTRIOCEPHALUS,  Bothriocephalus. 

BOTRION,  Alveolus. 

BOTROPHIS  SERPENTARIA,  Actsea  race- 
mosa. 

BOTRYS,  Chenopodium  botrys,  see  Vitis  vini- 
fera  —  b.  Ambroisioides,  Chenopodium  ambro- 
sioides — b.Americana,Chenopodiumambrosioide8 
—  b.  Anthelminticum,  Chenopodium  anthelmin- 
ticum — b.  Mexicana,  Chenopodium  ambrosioideB. 

BOTTINE,  (F.)  A  thin  boot  or  buskin,  O'erea 
le'vior.  An  instrument,  which  resembles  a  small 
boot,  furnished  with  springs,  straps,  buckles,  &c,, 
and  used  to  obviate  distortions  of  the  lovi^er  ex- 
tremities in  children. 

BOTTLE-NOSE,  Gutta  rosea. 

BOTTLE-STOOP.  In  Pharmacy,  an  arrange^ 
ment  for  giving  the  proper  inclination  to  a  bottle 
containing  a  powder,  so  as  to  admit  of  the  con- 
tents being  readily  removed  by  the  knife,  in  dis- 
pensing medicines.  It  consists  of  a  block  of 
wood  with  a  groove  in  the  upper  surface,  to  re- 
ceive the  bottle  in  an  oblique  position. 

BOUBALIOS,  Momordica  elaterium,  Vulva. 

EOIIBON,  Bubo. 

BOUCAGE  MAJEUR,  Pimpinella  magna  — 
b.  Mineur,  Pimpinella  saxifraga  —  b.  Petit,  Pim- 
pinella saxifraga. 

BOUOHE,  Mouth. 

B 0  UGLEMENT,  Infibuln tion. 

BOUES  BES  EAUX,  (F.)  Boues  3fineralcK. 
Bal'nea  Ca:no'aa.  The  mud  or  swamp,  formed 
near  mineral  springs,  impregnated  with  the  sub- 
stances contained  in  such  springs,  and  conse- 
quently possessing  similar  properties.  The  Bone* 
are  applied  generally  and  topically,  in  France, 
at  the  springs  of  St,  Amand,  BagnSres  de  Luchon, 


BOUES  MINER  ALES 


143 


BOUTONNIERE 


Bagnols,  Bar6ges ;  in  the  United  States,  at  the 
White  Sulphur  in  ^Virginia,  &c. 

BOUES  MINERALES,  Bones  des  eaux. 

BOUFFE,  (F.)  The  small  eminence,  formed 
by  the  junction  of  the  two  lips. — Dulaurens. 

BOUFFISSURE,  Puffiness. 

BOUGIE,  (F.)  A  wax  candle:  Candel'ula, 
Oande'la,  0.  ce'rea,  Cande'la  medica'ta,  Ce'reum 
medica'tum,  Cereolim  Qhirurgo'rum,  Doe'dion, 
Specil'lam  ce'reum,  Virga  ce'rea,  Oereolus.  A 
flexible  cylinder,  variable  in  size,  to  be  intro- 
duced into  the  urethra,  oesophagus,  rectum,  &o., 
for  the  purpose  of  dilating  these  canals,  when 
contracted.  A  Simple  Bougie  is  composed  of 
Bolid  and  insoluble  substances ;  as  plaster,  elastic 
gum,  catgut,  &c.  It  acts  of  course  only  mecha- 
nically. 

Bougie,  Med'icated,  (F.)  B.  Medicam-entense, 
has  the  addition  of  some  escharotic  or  other  sub- 
stance to  destroy  the  obstacle ;  as  in  the  Caustic 
Bougie,  which  has  a  small  portion  of  Lunar  Caus- 
tic or  Common  Caustic  inserted  in  its  extremity. 
Ducamp  has  recommended  a  Bougie,  which  swells 
out  near  its  extremity,  for  the  better  dilating  of 
the  urethra.  This  he  calls  B.  a  ventre.  The 
metallic  Bougie,  invented  by  Smyth,  is  a  compo- 
sition of  metal,  allowing  of  great  flexibility  ;  and 
a  hollow  Bougie  is  one,  with  a  channel  running 
through  it,  to  be  used  in  the  same  manner  as  the 
catheter,  or  otherwise. 

BOUILLIE  (F.),  Pultic'ula,  Pap,  from  (F.) 
houilUr,  'to  boil.'  Flour,  beaten  and  boiled  with 
milk.     It  is  a  common  food  for  infants. 

BOUILLON,  (F.)  from  houillir,  'to  boil,' /us, 
Sorhit"io.  A  liquid  food,  made  by  boiling  the 
flesh  of  animals  in  water.  The  osmazome,  gela- 
tin, and  soluble  salts  dissolve ;  the  fat  melts,  and 
the  albumen  coagulates.  Bouillon  is  nourishing, 
owing  to  the  gelatin  and  osmazome.  The  Jus  de 
Viande  is  a  very  concentrated  Bouillon,  prepared 
of  beef,  mutton,  veal,  <Sic. 

BOUILLON,  in  common  language,  in  France, 
means  a  round  fleshy  excrescence,  sometimes 
seen  in  the  centre  of  a  venereal  ulcer. 

BOUILLON  BLANC,  Verbascum  nigrum. 

BOUILLONS  MEDICINAUX  ou  PHAR- 
MACEUTIQUES,  Medicinal  or  Pharmaceutic 
Bouillons,  contain  infusions  or  decoctions  of  me- 
dicinal herbs.  The  Bouillon  aux  herbes  is  gene- 
rally composed  of  sorrel  or  beet. 

BOUILLON  d'OS,  (F.)  Bouillon  from  bones, 
is  obtained  by  treating  bones  with  muriatic  acid, 
In  order  to  dissolve  the  earthy  parts.  The  gela- 
tin, which  remains,  is  then  boiled  with  a  little 
meat  and  vegetables. — D'Arcet.  Bouillon,  how- 
ever, can  be  easily  obtained  from  the  bones  of 
roast  meat  by  simple  coction. 

BOUILLONNEMENT,  Ebullition. 

BOUIS,  Buxus. 

BOULE  UACIER,  Ferrum  tartarizatum— J. 
de  Mars,  Ferrum  tartarizatum  —  b,  de  Molsheim, 
Ferrum  tartarizatum — b.  de  Nancy,  Ferrum  tar- 
tarizatum. 

BOULE  A  U  COMMUN,  Betula  alba. 

BOULESIS,  Voluntas. 

BOULIM'IA,  Bulim'ia,  Bulim'iu-s,  Bu'limua, 
Bou'limos,  Bulimi'asis,  Bolismos,  Eclim'ia,  Fames 
caui'na,  Appeti'tus  caninus,  Appeten'tia  cani'na, 
Adepha'gia,  Cynorex'ia,  Orex'is  cyno'des,  Bupi'- 
na,  Bupei'na,  PhagcB'na,  Phagedce'na,  Fames 
Bovi'na,  F.  Lvpi'na,  from  Pov;,  '  an  ox,'  and  Ai//of, 
'  hunger ;'  or  from  fin,  augmentative  particle,  and 
Xifio;,  'hunger,'  {¥.)  Boulimie,  Faim  canine,  F. 
devorante,  Polyphagie.  An  almost  insatiable 
hunger.  A  canine  appetite.  It  is  sometimes 
seen  in  hysteria  and  pregnancy j  rarely  under 
other  circumstances. 

BOULIMIE,  Boulimia. 


BOULOaNE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Boulogne  is  in  the  department  of  Pas-de-Calais, 
France.     The  waters  are  chalybeate. 

BOUQUET  ANATOMIQUE  BE  RIOLAN, 
(F.)  from  bouquet,  a  collection  of  flowers  or  other 
substances  tied  together.  A  name  given,  by  some 
anatomists,  to  the  collection  of  ligaments  and 
muscles,  inserted  into  the  styloid  process  of  the 
temporal  bone. 

Bouquet  Fever,  Dengue. 

BOURBILLON,  see  Furunculus  (core.) 

BOUREON-LANCY,  MINERAL  WATERS 
OF.  Bourbon-Laney  is  a  small  village  in  the 
department  of  Saone-et-Loire,  France;  where 
there  are  thermal  saline  springs,  containing  car- 
bonic acid,  chloride  of  sodium,  and  sulphate  of 
soda,  chloride  of  calcium,  carbonate  of  lime,  iron, 
and  silica.  Their  heat  is  from  106°  to  135° 
Fahrenheit. 

BOURBON  L'ARCHAMBAUT,  MINERAL 
WATERS  OF.  This  town  is  in  the  department 
of  Allier,  six  leagues  west  from  Moulins,  and 
has  been  long  celebrated  for  its  thermal  chaly- 
beate waters.  They  contain  sulphohydric  acid, 
sulphate  of  soda,  magnesia,  and  lime,  carbonate 
of  iron,  and  silica.  Their  temperature  varies  be- 
tween 1.36°  and  145°  Fahrenheit. 

BOURBONNE-LES-BAINS,  MINERAL 
WATERS  OF.  These  springs  are  seven  leagues 
from  Langres,  department  of  Haute -Mame, 
France.  They  are  thermal  and  saline,  and  have 
been  long  celebrated.  Temperature  from  106° 
to  133°  Fahrenheit.  The  Factitious  water,  (F.) 
Eau  de  Bourbonne-les-Bains,  Aqxia  Borvonen'sii, 
is  composed  of  water,  containing  twice  its  bulk 
of  carbonic  acid,  f^xxss;  chloride  of  sodium, 
fjj,  chloride  of  calcium,  gr.  x,  &c. 

BOURBOULE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
A  village  near  Mount  d'Or,  where  there  are  two 
thermal  saline  springs. 

BOURBAINE,  Rhamnus  frangula. 

BOURBONNEMENT,  Tinnitus  aurium. 

BOURBONNET,  Pulvil'lus,  P.  e  linamen'tis 
confec'tus,  P.  rotun'dus,  Dossil.  A  term  in  French 
surgery  for  charpie  rolled  into  a  small  mass  of 
an  olive  shape,  which  is  used  for  plugging  wounds, 
absorbing  the  discharge,  and  preventing  the 
union  of  their  edges.  In  cases  of  deep  and  pene- 
trating wounds,  as  of  the  abdomen  or  chest,  a 
thread  is  attached  to  them  by  which  they  may 
be  readily  withdrawn,  and  be  prevented  from 
passing  altogether  into  those  cavities. 

BOURG^NE,  Rhamnus  frangula. 

BOURGEON,  Granulation,  P&imla^b.  C7iar. 
nu.  Granulation. 

BOURGEONS,  Gutta  rosea. 

BOURRACHE,  Borago  ofiicinalis. 

BOURRELET  (F.),  A  Pad,  a  Border.  A 
fibro-cartilaginous  border,  which  surrounds  cer- 
tain articular  cavities,  such  as  the  glenoid  cavity 
of  the  scapula  and  the  acetabulum  ;  by  which  the 
depth  of  those  cavities  is  augmented. 

BOURRELET  ROULE,  Cornu  ammonis. 

BOURSE  d  BERGER,  Thlaspibursa— 6.  d 
Pasteur,  Thlaspibursa. 

BOURSES,  (LES,)  Scrotum. 

B 0  URSO  UFL  URE,  Puffiness. 

BOUTON,  Papula— 6.  d'Alep,  see  Anthras — 
b.  Malin,  see  Anthrax  —  b.  d' Or,  Ranunculus 
acris.  ^ 

BOUTONNIERE  (F.),  Fissu  7 a,  Jnc^i^'io.  A 
small  incision  made  into  the  urethra  to  extract  » 
calculus  from  the  canal,  when  it  is  too  large  u» 
be  discharged. 

Also,  a  small  incision  or  puncture,  made  in  tho 
peritoneum,  or  above  the  pubis,  to  rienetrat«  tho 
bladder  in  certain  cases  of  retention  of  urine. 


BOVACHEVO 


144 


BRADYSUKIA 


BOVACHEVO,  Datura  sanguinea. 

BOVILL.^,  Rubeola. 

BOVISTA,  Lyeoperdon. 

BOWEL,  Intestine. 

BOWLEGGED,  see  Cnemoscoliosis. 

BOWMAN'S  ROOT,  Euphorbia  coroUata,  Gil- 
lenia  trifoliata,  Leptandria  purpurea. 

BOXBERRY,  Gaultheria. 

BOX,  MOUNTAIN,  Arbutus  uva  ursi. 

BOX  TREE,  Buxus,  Cornus  Florida. 

BOXWOOD,  Cornus  Florida. 

BOYAU,  Intestine. 

BRABYLON,  Prunum  Damascenum. 

BRACHERIOLUM,  Truss. 

BRACHERIUM,  Truss. 

BRACHIA  COPULATIVA,  see  Peduncles  of 
the  Cerebellum. 

BRACHIA  PONTIS,  see  Peduncles  of  the 
Cerebellum. 

BRACHI.;EUS,  Brachial  — b.  Internus,  Bra- 
chialis  anterior. 

BRA'CHIAL,  Brachia'lis,  BracMm' us,  from 
Brachium,  '  the  arm.'    What  belongs  to  the  arm. 

Brachial  Aponeuro'sis.  An  aponeurosis, 
formed  particularly  by  expansions  of  the  tendons 
of  the  latissimus  dorsi,  jiectoralis  major,  and  del- 
t'jides  muscles,  and  ivhich  completely  envelops 
the  muscles  of  the  arm. 

Brachial  Artery,  Arte'ria  hrachia'Us,  Hu'- 
tneral  Artery,  (F.)  Artere  ou  Tronc  hraehial. 
The  artery,  which  extends  fi-om  the  axilla  to  the 
bend  of  the  elbow  ;  where  it  diyides  into  A.  eubi- 
talis  and  A.  radialis.  It  passes  along  the  inter- 
nal edge  of  the  biceps,  behind  the  median  nerve 
and  between  the  accompanying  veins.  Under 
the  name  Brachial  Artery,  M.  Chaussier  includes 
the  subclavian,  axillary,  and  humeral,  the  last 
being  the  hraehial  proj'jer. 

Brachial  Muscle,  Anterior,  Mus'cuIub  Bra- 
chia'lia  Ante'rior,  Brachia'lis  -internus,  B.  anti'- 
ciis,  BrachicB'us,  Brachics' us  internus,  (F.)  Muscle 
hraehial  interne,  Mumero-cuhital — (Ch.)  This 
muscle  is  situate  at  the  anterior  ami  inferior  part 
of  the  arm,  and  before  the  elbow-joint.  It  arises, 
fleshy,  from  the  middle  of  the  os  humeri,  and  is 
inserted  into  the  coronoid  process  of  the  ulna. 
Use.     To  bend  the  fore-arm. 

Brachial  Plexus,  Plexus  Brachia'lis,  is  a 
nervous  plexus,  formed  by  the  interlacing  of  the 
anterior  branches  of  the  last  four  cervical  pairs 
and  the  first  dorsal.  It  is  deeply  seated  in  the 
hollow  of  the  axilla,  and  extends  as  far  as  the 
inferior  and  lateral  part  of  the  neck.  It  gives 
off  the  thoracic  nerves,  supra  and  iyi/ra  scapular, 
and  the  brachial  (which  are  six  in  number,)  the 
axillary,  cutaneous,  museulo-cutaneotis,  radial, 
cubital,  and  median. 

Brachial  Veins  are  two  in  number,  and  ac- 
company the  artery,  frequently  anastomosing 
with  each  other :  they  terminate  in  the  axillary. 
Under  the  term  Brachial  Vein,  Chaussier  in- 
cludes the  humeral,  axillary,  and  subclavian. 

BRACHIALE,  Carpus. 

BRACHIAL'  G I  A,  Neural'gia  Brachia'lis, 
from  (ipaxiov,  'the  arm,'  and  a\yos,  'pain.'  Pain 
in  the  arm,  neuralgia  of  the  arm. 

BRACHIALIS,  Brachial— b.  Antieus,  Brachial 
muscle — b.  Externus,  see  Triceps  extensor  cubiti 
— b.  Internus,  Brachial  muscle. 

BRACHIERIUM,  Truss. 

BRACHILE,  Truss. 

BRACHILUVIUM,  Bath,  arm. 

BRACHIO-CEPHALIC  ARTERY,  Innomi- 
.laU.  arteria — b.  Veins,  Innominate  vena;. 

B R  A 'C H 1 0-C U' B I TAL,  Brachio-cuhita'lis. 
That  which  belongs  both  to  the  arm  and  cubitus. 
This  name  has  been  given  to  the  internal  lateral 
UgaJient  of  the   elbow-joint ;    because  it  is  at- 


tached to  the  OS  brachii  or  os  humeri  and  to  the 
cubitus  or  ulna. 

BRACHIOCYLLO'SIS,  from  Ppaxitov,  'the 
arm,'  and  ici'AXwo-is-,  'the  act  of  making  crooked.' 
Curvature  of  the  arm  inwards.'  Paralysis  or  loss 
of  power  from  curvature  of  the  arm. 

BRACHION,  Brachium. 

BRACHION'CUS,  from  fipaxtoiv,  'the  arm,' 
and  oyKog,  'a  swelling.'     A  tumour  of  the  arm. 

BRA'CHIO-RA'DIAL,  Brachio-radia'lis.  That 
which  belongs  to  the  brachium  and  radius.  This 
name  has  been  applied  to  the  external  lateral 
ligament  of  the  elbow-joint,  because  it  is  attached 
to  the  humerus  and  to  the  radius.  See  Supinator 
radii  longus. 

BRACHIORRHEU'MA,  Bheuwatis'mus  bra'- 
chit,  from  Ppa^iijiv,  '  the  arm,'  and  pevfia,  '  deflux- 
ion,  rheumatism.'     Rheumatism  of  the  arm. 

BRACHIROLUM,  Truss. 

BRA'CHIUM,  Bra'chion,  Lacer'tus,  {'F.)Bra8, 
the  arm.  The  arm  from  the  shoulder  to  the  wrist, 
or  the  part  between  the  shoulder  and  elbow.  See 
Humeri,  Os. 

Bra'chium  Ante'rius.  a  rounded  process, 
which  passes  from  the  anterior  pair  of  the  cor- 
pora quadrigemina  (nates)  obliquely  outwards 
into  the  thalamus  opticus. 

Beachicii  Movexs  Quartus,  Latissimus  dorsi. 

Bra'chium  Poste'rics.  A  rounded  process, 
which  passes  from  the  posterior  pair  of  the  qua- 
drigemina (testes)  obliquely  outwards  into  the 
optic  thalamus. 

BRACHUNA,  Nymphomania,  Satyriasis. 

BRACHYAU'CHEN,  from  Ppaxv;,  'short,'  and 
avxv,  'neck.'    One  who  has  a  short  neck. 

BRACHYCEPH'ALiE,  (Gentes)  'short heads,' 
from  0paX"?,  'short,'  and  KccpaXrj,  'head.'  In  the 
classification  of  Retzius,  those  nations  of  men 
whose  cerebral  lobes  do  not  completely  cover  the 
cerebellum  —  as  the  Sclavonians,  Fins,  Persians, 
Turks,  Tartars,  &c. 

BRACHYCHRON'IUS,  from  fipaxyi,  '  short,' 
and  xpoi'of)  '  time.'  That  which  continues  but  a 
short  time.  A  term  applied  to  diseases  which 
are  of  short  duration. — Galen. 

BRACHYGNA'THUS,  from  fipaxvs,  'short,' 
and  yvaQog,  '  the  under  jaw.'  A  monster  with  too 
short  an  under  jaw.- — Gurlt. 

BRACHYNSIS,  Abbreviation. 

BRACHYPNCEA,  Dyspnoea. 

BRACHYP'OTI,  from  Ppaxv;,  'short,'  and 
TTOTTjs,  '  drinker.'  They  who  drink  little,  or  who 
drink  rarely.     Hippoc,  Galen,  Foesius. 

BRACHYRHYN'CHUS;  from  ,Spa%v?,  'short,' 
and  pvyxos,  '  snout.'  A  monster  with  too  short  a 
nose. 

BRACHYSMOS,  Abbreviation. 

BRACING,  Corroborant. 

BRACKEN,  Pteris  aquilina. 

BRADYiESTHE'SIA,  from  (Spaivs,  '  difficult,' 
and  aiadrjaiq,  'sensation.'     Impaired  sensation. 

BRADYBOLISMUS,  Bradyspermatismus. 

BRADYECOIA,  Deafness. 

BRADYL0G"IA,i)^8?a'/»"a;  from  (ipaivi,  'diffi- 
cult, and  \oyo';,  'a  discourse.'   Difficulty  of  speech- 

BRADYMASE'SIS,  Bradymasse'sis,  impro- 
perly Bradymaste'sis,  Manduca'tio  diffic"ilis, 
from  (SpaSvi,  '  difficult,'  and  finc?iati,  '  mastica- 
tion.'    Difficult  mastication.     See  Dysmasesis. 

BRADYMASTESIS,  Bradymasesis. 

BRADYPEP'SIA,  Tarda,  cibo'rum  concoc'tio, 
from  Ppaivs,  "slow,'  and  vc-tw,  'I  digest.'  Slow 
digestion. — Galen.     See  Dvspepsia. 

BRADYSPERMATIS'Ml  S,  BrndyboHs'mus, 
Ejacula'tio  sem'inis  imped' itn,  Dyspermatis'mus, 
from  (ipnivg,  'slow,'  and  a-tpiia,  'sperm.'  A  slow 
emission  of  sperm. 

BRADYSU'RIA,    Tcnea'mus  vesi'cce,  (F.)  Ti- 


BRADYTOCIA 


145 


BREAD 


nesme  vhical,  from  (ipaSv^,  'difficult/  and  ovpstv, 
*  to  pass  the  urine.'  Painful  evacuation  of  the 
urine,  with  perpetual  desire  to  void  it.     Dysuria. 

BRADYTOCIA,  Dystocia. 

BRAG'GrET,  Braggart,  Bragwort.  A  name 
formerly  applied  to  a  tisan  of  honey  and  water. 
See  Hydromeli. 

BR'AI,  LIQUIDE,  see  Pinus  sylvestris  —  6. 
Sec,  Colophonia. 

BRAIN,  Cerebrum — b.  Fag,  see  Nervous  dia- 
thesis— b.  Little,  Cerebellum — b.  Pan,  Cranium. 

BRAINB,  MINERAL  WATERS  OP.  Brain e 
is  a  small  village,  three  leagues  from  Soissons, 
France,  which  has  purgative  waters  similar  to 
those  of  Passy. 

BRAKE,  COMMON,  Pteris  Aquilina— b.  Rock, 
Polypodium  vulgare,  Polypodium  incanum — b. 
Root,  Polypodium  vulgare. 

BRAMBLE,  AMERICAN  HAIRY,  see  Rubus 
fruticosus — b.  Common,  Rubus  fruticosus. 

BRAN,  Furfur. 

BRANG-URSINE  BAT  ABBE,  Heracleum 
spondylium. 

BRANCA  GERMANICA,  Heracleum  spondy- 
lium— b.  Ursina,  Acanthus  mollis — b.  Vera,  Acan- 
thus mollis. 

BRANCH,  from  (P.)  Branche,  originally,  pro- 
bably, from  Ppa^toiv,  'an  arm,'  (?)  because  branches 
of  trees,  &o.,  go  off  like  arms.  A  term  applied, 
generally,  to  the  principal  division  of  an  artery 
or  nerve.  The  word  is  commonly  used  synony- 
mously with  Baniiis;  but  often,  with  the  French, 
Branche  signifies  the  great  division; — Bameau, 
Lat.  Ramus,  the  division  of  the  branches  ,•  and 
Ramuseules,  Lat.  Ramusculi,  the  divisions  of 
these  last. 

The  French,  also,  speak  of  the  brandies  of  the 
pubis  for  the  Rami  of  that  bone,  branches  of  the 
Ischium  for  the  rami  of  the  ischium,  &c. 

BRANCHES  BE  LA  MOELLE  ALLON- 
GEE  (PETITES)  Corpora  restiformia. 

BRANCHI,  Branches.  Swellings  of  the  ton- 
sils, or  parotid,  according  to  some ; — of  the  thy- 
roid gland,  according  to  others. 

BRAN'CHIA,  (Gr.)  Bpayxia.  The  gills  or  re- 
spiratory organs  of  fishes,  corresponding  to  the 
lungs  of  terrestrial  animals. 

BRANCHUS,  Ppayx^og,  Rauce'do.  A  catarrhal 
aflfection  of  the  mucous  membrane  of  the  fauces, 
trachea,  &e. — Galen.     Hoarseness. 

BRANCI,  Cynanche  tonsillaris. 

BRANCIA,  Vitrum. 

BRANDY,  (G.)  Branntwein,  Dutch, 
Brandwijn,  ' burnt  wine.'  Vinutn  adus'tum 
seu  crema'tum.  Aqua  Vita>,  (F.)  Eau  de  vie,  (S.) 
Aguardiente.  The  first  liquid  product  obtained 
bj'  distilling  wine.  It  is  composed  of  water,  al- 
cohol, and  an  aromatic  oily  matter,  which  gives 
it  its  flavour.  Brandy  is  a  powerful  and  diffusi- 
ble stimulant,  and  as  such  is  used  in  medicine. 
It  has  been  also  called  Liquor  Aquile'gius.  See 
Spirit. 

Brandt,  Apple,  see  Pyrus  malus  —  b.  Egg, 
?ee  Ovum. 

BRANKS,  Cynanche  parotidsea. 

BRANKURSINE  Acanthus  mollis. 

BRANNTWEIN,  Brandy. 

BRAS.     See  Oryza. 

BRAS,  Brachium — 6.  du  Gervelet,  Corpora  res- 
tiformia. 

BRASDOR'S  OPERATION  FOR  ANEU- 
RISM. An  operation  by  ligature,  proposed  by 
Brasdor,  which  consists  in  the  application  of  the 
ligature  on  the  distal  side  of  the  tumour. 

BRASEGUR,   MINERAL   WATERS    OF. 
BrasSgur  is  a  place  in  the  dioeess  of  Rhodez, 
where  there  are  cathartic  waters. 
10 


BRASENIA,  B.  Hydropeltis. 

Brase'nia  Hydropel'tis,  Brase'nia,  B.  pel- 
ta'ta,  Hydropel'tis purpu'rea,  Gelat'ina  aquat'ica, 
Frogleaf,  Little  Water  Lily,  Water  Jelly,  Water 
shield,  Beerfood.  An  indigenous  plant,  Nat.  Ord. 
Ranunculaceae,  Sex.  Syst.  Polyandria  Polygynia, 
flourishing  from  Kentucky  to  Carolina  and  Flo- 
rida; and  covering  the  surface  of  ponds,  marshes, 
(tc.  The  fresh  leaves  are  mucilaginous,  and  have 
been  used  in  pulmonary  complaints,  dysentery, 
(fee,  like  Cetraria. 

Brasenia  Peltata,  B.  Hydropeltis. 

BRASH,  WATER,  Pyrosis. 

Brash,  Weaning,  Atroph'ia  Ablactato'rum. 
A  severe  form  of  diarrhoea,  which  supervenes  at 
times  on  weaning.  The  Maladie  de  Cruveilhier 
appears  to  be  a  similar  afi"ection. 

BRASILETTO,  see  Caesalpinia. 

BRASIUM,  Malt. 

BRASMOS,  Fermentation. 

BRASS,  Sax.  bpaj',  Welsh,  pres.  Aurichal'- 
cum,  Orichal'cum,  ^secavxim,  Chrysochal'cos, 
(P.)  Airain.  A  yellow  metal,  fomied  by  mixing 
copper  with  calamine.  The  same  general  remarks 
apply  to  it  as  to  copper.     See  Cuprum. 

BRAS'SICA,  Crambe,  Bras' sica  olera'cea :  B. 
capita'ta  seu  cuma'na  of  the  old  Romans.  The 
Cabbage,  (P.)  Ohou potager.  Family,  Cruciferte. 
Sex.  Syst.  Tetradynamia  Siliquosa.  Cato  wrote 
a  book  on  its  virtues.  It  is  a  vegetable  by  no 
means  easy  of  digestion  when  boiled ;  when  raw, 
it  appears  to  be  more  digestible.  When  forming 
a  solid  globular  mass,  like  a  head,  it  is  the  B. 
Capita'ta,  (P.)  Ohou-Cabus,  Chou  Pomme. 

Brassica  Canina,  Mercurialis  perennis  —  b.. 
capitata,  Brassica — b.  Cumana,  Brassica. 

Bras'sica  Eru'ca,  B.  his'pida,  Eru'ca,  E.foe'- 
tida  seu  sati'va,  Sina'pis  eru'ca,  Sisym'briuw 
erucas'trum.  Garden  Rocket,  Roman  Rocket,  Ac.,. 
(P.)  Choii  Roquette,  Roquette.  This  was  consi- 
dered by  the  Romans  an  aphrodisiac,  —  Colu- 
mella.    The  seeds  were  ordinarily  used. 

Bras'sica  Plor'ida, — Bras'sica  Pompeia'na 
of  the  ancients— the  Cauliflower,  Caulis  Flor'ida, 
(F.)  ChoU'Jieur,  is  a  more  tender  and  digestible 
variety. 

The  Broc'coli,  B.  Sabel'lica  of  the  Romans,  B.. 
Ital'ica,  belongs  to  this  variety. 

Brassica  Hispid  a,  B.  eruca  —  b.  Italica,  B. 
Florida— b.  Marina,  Convolvulus  soldanella. 

Bras'sica  Napus,  Napus  Sylvestris,  Bunias, 
Rape,  (P.)  Navette.  The  seed  yields  a  quantity 
of  oil. 

Brassica  Nigra,  Sinapis  nigra — b.  Oblonga, 
B.  rapa — b.  Oleracea,  Brassica — b.  Pompeiana,  B. 
Florida. 

Bras'sica  Rapa,  Rapa  rotun'da  seu  oblon'ga, 
Rapum  majus,  Rapa  napus,  Sina'pis  tubero'sa, 
Turnip,  (F.)  Chou  navet,  Navet,  Rave.  The  tur- 
nip is  liable  to  the  same  objection  (but  to  a  less- 
extent)  as  the  cabbage. 

Brassica  Sabellica,  B.  Florida. 

BRATHU,  Juniperus  sabina. 

BRATHYS,  Juniperus  sabina, 

BRA  YER,  Truss. 

BRAYERA  ANTHELMINTIC  A,  Hagenia 
Abyssiniea. 

BRAZIL  WOOD,  Csesalpinia  echinata. 

BREAD,  see  Triticum. 

Bread.  Gluten.  Bread  made  of  wheat  dougb 
deprived  of  the  chief  portion  of  its  starch  by 
washing.  Bread,  made  of  'gluten  only,  cannot 
be  eaten,  on  account  of  its  hardness  and  tough- 
ness ;  hence  one  fifth  of  the  normal  quantity  of 
starch  is  allowed  to  remain,  and  in  this  form  tli« 


BREAD-FRUIT 


146 


BROIEMENT 


bread  is  said  to  be  tolerably  ligbt,  eatable,  and 
moderately  agreeable. 
Bread,  Huusehold,  Syncomistos. 
BREAD-FRUIT  TREE,  Artocarpns. 
BE-EAST,  Thorax,  Mamma — b.  Abscess  of  the, 
Mastodynia  apostematosa. 

BREAST-GLASS,  Milk-glass.  A  glass  applied 
to  the  nipple  to  receive  the  milk  when  secreted 
copiously  by  the  mamma. 

Breast.  Irritable,  Neuralgia  MammsE. 
BREAST-PANG,    SUFFOCATIVE,    Angina 
pectoris. 

BREAST-PUMP,  Antlia  Laetea. 
BREATH,  Sax.  bnaSe,  Hal'itus,  Anhel'itus, 
An'imns,  Sjnr'itus,  Ai'mos,  (F.)  Ealeine.  The 
air  expelled  from  the  chest  at  each  expiration. 
It  requu-es  to  be  studied  in  the  diagnosis  of  tho- 
racic diseases  especially.     See  Respiration. 

Breath,  Offens'ive;  Fcetor  Oris,  Catostoma- 
tosphre's'ia,  Hal'itus  oris  fce'tidus,  Oze.  An  offen- 
sive condition,  which  is  usually  dependent  upon 
carious  teeth,  or  some  faulty  state  of  the  secre- 
tions of  the  air  passages.  The  internal  use  of  the 
chlorides  may  be  advantageous. 

Breath,  Saturnine,  see  Saturnine — ^b.  Short, 
Dyspnoea. 

BREATHING  AIR,  see  Respiration. 
Breathing,  Difficulty  of.  Dyspnoea. 
BRECHET,  (F.)    The  Brisket.    This  name  is 
given  in  some  parts  of  France  to  the  cartihiijo 
ensiformis,  and  sometimes  to  the  sternum  itself. 
BRECHMA,  Bregma. 
BRECHMUS,  Bregma. 

BREDISSUBE,  (F.)  Trismus  Capistra'tvs. 
Incapacity  of  opening  the  mouth,  in  consequence 
of  preternatural  adhesion  between  the  internal 
part  of  the  cheek  and  gums ;  often  occasioned  by 
the  abuse  of  mercury. 

BREDOUILLEMENT,  (F.)  Tttuhan'tia.  A 
preciptitate  and  indistinct  mode  of  utterance,  in 
which  a  part  only  of  the  words  is  pronounced, 
and  several  of  the  syllables  viciously  changed. 
This  defect  is  analogous  to  stuttering,  but  differs 
from  it  in  being  dependent  on  too  great  rapidity 
of  speech;  whilst  stuttering  is  characterized  by 
continual  hesitation,  and  frequent  repetition  of 
the  same  syllables. 
BREED,  Race. 

BREEDING,  Generation,  Pregnant. 
Breeding,  Cross.    The  act  of  raising  or  breed- 
ing from  different  stocks  or  families. 

Breeding-in-and-in.  The  act  of  raising  or 
breeding  from  the  same  stock  or  family. 

BREGMA,  Brechma,  Brechmus,  from  Ppt:)(tLv, 
'  to  sprinkle  ;'  Fontanel'la,  Sin'ciput.  The  top 
of  the  head  was  thus  called,  because  it  was  be- 
lieved to  be  humid  in  infants ;  and,  according  to 
«ome,  because  it  was  conceived  to  correspond  to 
■the  most  humid  part  of  the  brain. 

BREGMATODYMIA,  see  Cephalodymia. 
BRENNING,  Burning. 
BREPHOCTONON,  Conyza  squarrosa. 
B  R  E  P  H  0  T  ROPHE'UM,    Ecthelobrephotro- 
phe'uin,  from  (io^'pog,  'a  new-born  child,'  and  rpo- 
rj,iiv,  '  to  nourish.'     A  foundling  hospital. 
BRESILLET,  Csesalpinia  sappan. 
BRE'VIA  VASA,   Short  Vessels.     This  name 
has  been  given  to  several  branches  of  the  splenic 
arteries  and  veins,  which  are  distributed  to  the 
great  cul-de-sac  of  the  stomach. 
BREVIS  CUBITI,  see  Anconeus. 
BRICK,  (F.)  Brique.     Hot  bricks  are  some- 
times used  10  apply  heat  to  a  part,  as  to  the  ab- 
domen  in  colic,  or  after  the  operation  for  popli- 
teal aneurism ;  or,  reduced  to  very  fine  powder, 
and  mixed  with  fat,  as  an  application  to  herpetic 
Bi.u  psoric  affections. 

Beicks,  Foniaeecs   Testce    or   Tiks  were   for- 


merly bruised  in  vinegar,  and  the  liquid  was  used 
as  a  specific  in  cutaneous  affections.  They  en- 
tered, also,  into  a  cerate  used  for  scrofulous  hu- 
mours, &c.  To  the  Terra  Forna' cum,  or  Brich 
earth,  the  same  virtues  were  assigned. 
BRICUMUM,  Artemisia. 

BRIDE  (F.),  A  bridle.  Frm'nulum,  Reti- 
nac'ulum.  This  term  is  given,  in  the  plural,  to 
membranous  filaments,  which  are  found  within 
abscesses  or  deep-seated  wounds,  and  which  pre- 
vent the  exit  of  pus.  The  term  is,  also,  applied 
to  preternatural  adhesions,  which  occur  in  cica- 
trices of  the  skin,  in  the  urethra,  or  in  inflamed 
serous  or  syno\'ial  membranes. 
BRIER,  Vv'ILD,  Rosa  canina. 
BRIGHT'S  DISEASE  OF  THE  KIDNEY, 
see  Kidney,  Bright's  disease  of  the. 

BRIGHTON,  CLIMATE  OF.  The  air  of  this 
fashionable  watering  place,  on  the  south  coast  of 
England,  is  dry,  elastic,  and  bracing.  According 
to  Sir  James  Clark,  its  climate  appears  to  the 
greatest  advantage  in  the  autumn  and  early  part 
of  the  winter ;  when  it  is  somewhat  milder  and 
more  steady  than  that  of  Hastings.  Accordingly, 
it  is  adapted  for  all  cases  in  which  a  dry  and 
mUd  air  at  this  season  of  the  year  proves  bene- 
ficial. In  the  spring  months,  owing  to  the  pre- 
valence of,  and  its  exposure  to,  north-east  winds, 
the  climate  is  cold,  harsh,  and  exciting  to  the 
delicate.  It  is  well  adapted  for  convalescents, 
and  for  all  who  require  a  dry  and  bracing  sea 
air. 

BRIMSTONE,  Sulphur. 
BRINE,  Muxia. 

BBINTON  ROOT,  Leptandria  purpurea. 
BRION,  Corallina. 
BRIQ  UE,  Brick. 

BPtI QUEBEC,  MINERAL  "WATERS  OF. 
This  town  is  three  leagues  from  Cherbourg,  in 
France.     The  water  contains  chloride  of  iron. 

BRISE-PIERRE  ARTICULE,  (F.)  An  in- 
strument invented  by  Jacobson  for  crushing  Xhh 
stone  in  the  bladder. 

BRISTOL  HOT  WELL,  Bristolien' sis  Aqua 
Bristol  is  about  thirteen  miles  from  Bath,  ii 
England.  The  water  is  an  almost  pure  thermal 
slightly  acidulated.  It  contains  chlorides  el 
magnesium  and  sodium,  sulphate  of  soda,  sul- 
phate of  lime,  carbonate  of  lime,  carbonic  acid, 
oxygen  and  azote.  Temperature,  74°  Fah.  The 
Hot  Well  has  been  long  celebrated.  Its  action 
is  like  that  of  thermal  waters  in  general.  The 
climate  of  Bristol  is  mild,  and  hence  the  water 
has  been  celebrated  for  the  cure  of  incipient  pul- 
monary consumption.  See  Clifton. 
BRIZOCERAS,  Ergot. 

BROAD,  Sax.  bpa&,  Latus,  (F.)  Large.  Any 
body  is  so  termed  whose  transverse  extent  is 
considerable  compared  with  its  length.  The 
Broad  Bones,  such  as  the  frontal,  parietal,  occi- 
pital, iliac,  aid  in  forming  the  parietes  of  splanch- 
nic cavities.  Broad  Muscles  generally  occupy 
the  parietes  of  cavities,  and  especially  those  of 
the  chest  and  abdomen.  The  epithet  has  also 
been  applied  to  other  parts — as  to  the  hroad  liga- 
ments of  the  womb,  &c. 

BROCCOLI,  Brassica  sabellica. 
BROCHOS,  jSpoxo;,  Laqueus.     A  bandage. 
BROCH'THUS,  fioox^og,    Gula.     The   throat 
Also,  a  kind  of  small  drinking  vessel. — Hipp. 

BROCHUS,  jipoxus.  This  name  has  been  given 
to  one  who  has  a  very  prominent  upper  lip.  Ac- 
cording to  others,  it  means  one  whose  teeth  pro- 
ject in  front  of  the  moulh. 

BRO'DIUM.    A  synonym  of  Jus  or  Jus'culum. 
Broth,  or  the  liquor  in  which  any  thing  is  boiled- 
Bro'dium  salis — a  decoction  of  salt. 
BROIEMENT,  gee  Cataract,  Laceration. 


BllOKEN  DOSES 


U7 


BRONCHITIS 


BROKEN  DOSES,  see  Doses,  broken. 

BROKEN-WINDEDNESS,  Asthma. 

BROMA,  Aliment,  Bromine. 

BROMATO    CCBISIS,  Lientery. 

BROMATOG'BAPHY,  Bromutograjjh'ia,  Bro- 
moy'raphy,  Bromograpli' ia,  from  (Spuifta,  '  food,' 
and  ypa<pri>  'a  description.'  A  description  of  ali- 
ments. 

BROMATOL'OGY,  Bromatolog"ia,  Sitiol'ogy, 
from  fipii/ia,  '  food,'  and  \oyos,  '  a  discourse.'  A 
treatise  on  food. 

BROME,  Bromine. 

BROMEGRASS,  Bromus  ciliatus  — b.  Soft, 
Bromus  ciliatus. 

BROME'LIA  ANA'NAS,  called  after  Olaus 
Bromel,  a  Swede.  Car'duu^  Brazilia'nxw,  Ana'- 
nas  ova'ta  seu  aculea'ta,  Anas'sa,  Capa-Isiak'ka, 
Ana'nas  or  Pitie  Apple.  A  West  India  tree, 
whicli  produces  the  most  delicious  of  fruits. 

Brome'lia  Pinguin,  Ana'nas  America' na,  Pin- 
gtiin,  Broad-leaved  loild  Ana'nas,  <fcc.  The  West 
India  plant,  which  affords  the  Pinguin  fruit.  The 
fruit  is  refrigerant,  and  the  juice,  when  ripe,  very 
austere.  It  is  used  to  acidulate  punch.  A  wine 
is  made  from  the  Pinguin,  which  is  very  intoxi- 
cating, and  has  a  good  flavour. 

BROMIC,  Bro'micus :  same  etymon  as  Bro- 
mine.    Containing  bromine. 

BROMIDE  OF  IRON,  see  Bromine  — b.  of 
Mercury,  see  Bromine  —  b.  of  Potassium,  see 
Bromine. 

BROMIDRO'SIS,  from  j^pw/io;,  'stench,'  and 
'i6p(ijs,  '  sweat.'     Offensive  sweat. 

BROMINE,  Bro' minim,  Bromin'ium,  Bronia, 
Bromin'eum,  Bro'mimn,  Bro'mina,  Bromum,  3fu'- 
rina,  Iluride,  Brome.  A  simple  body,  of  a  very 
volatile  nature,  and  highly  offensive  and  suffo- 
cating odour,  whence  its  name,  from  ;8pw//oj,  'a 
stench.'  It  is  met  with  chieiiy  in  sea-water,  ai>d 
in  many  animal  and  vegetable  bodies  that  live 
therein.  It  has  likewise  been  found  in  many 
mineral  waters  of  this  and  other  countries.  In 
its  chemical  relations,  it  may  be  placed  between 
chlorine  and  iodine.  With  oxygen  it  forms  an 
acid, — the  Bromie,  and  with  hydrogen  another — 
the  Hi/drobromic. 

Pure  Bromine,  Bromide  of  Iron,  (dose,  gi\  i 
or  ij,)  and  Bromide  of  Potassium,  have  been 
used  medicinally,  and  chiefly  in  scrofulosis,  — 
internally,  as  well  as  applied  externally.  Bro- 
mine may  be  dissolved  in  forty  parts  of  distilled 
water,  and  six  drops  be  commenced  with  as  a 
dose.  Bromides  of  Mercury  [Hydrar' gyri Bro' - 
mida)  have  been  given  in  syphilis.  The  proto- 
bromide  and  the  bibromide  are  analogous  in 
composition  and  medicinal  properties  to  the  cor- 
responding iodides  of  mercury. 

BROMIUM,  Bromine. 

BROMOGRAPHY,  Bromatography. 

BROMOS,  Ppmjioi.  One  of  the  cerealia,  sup- 
posed, by  some,  to  be  oats.     See  Avena. 

BROMOSUS,  Fetid. 

BROMUM,  Bromine. 

BROMUS  CILIA'TUS,  B.  purgans,  Brome 
grass;  indigenous:  Order,  Graminete  ;  is  said  to 
be  emetic,  and  anthelmintic  (  ?  ),  cathartic  and 
diuretic.     It  purges  cattle. 

Bbomus  Glaber,  Triticum  repens. 

Bromus  Mollis,  Soft  Brome  Grass..  The  seeds 
are  said  to  cause  giddiness  in  man;  and  to  be 
fatal  to  poultry. 

Bromus  Puugans,  B.  ciliatus. 

Bromus  Temulentus,  Lolium  temulentum. 

BRONCHES,  Bronchia- — b.  Ganglions  lym- 
phatiques  des.  Bronchial  glands. 

BRONCHI,  Bronchia. 

BRON'CIIIA,  Bron'chicB,  Bronchi,  from  Ppoy- 
j(^os,   'the   throat'     The  Latins   used  the   term 


Bronchus,  for  the  whole  of  the  trachea ;  whilst 
they  called  its  ramifications  Bronchia.  Bronchia, 
BronchicB,  and  Bronchi,  (TP.)  Branches,  now  mean 
the  two  tubes,  with  their  ramifications,  which  arise 
from  the  bifurcation  of  the  trachea,  and  carry  air 
into  the  lungs, — Can'nulcB  ptdmo'mim. 

Bronchia,  Dilatation  of  the,  Dilated  Bron- 
chia. The  physical  signs  of  this  condition  are 
the  following  : — Percussion  usually  clear,  but  not 
unfrequently  less  so  than  natural,  although  very 
seldom  quite  dull.  Auscultation  detects  coarse 
mucous  or  gurgling  rhonchi,  increased  by  the 
cough,  combined  with,  or  replaced  bj',  bronchial 
or  cavernous  respiration,  which  is  often  effected 
as  if  by  a  sudden  puff  or  whiff.  The  resonance 
of  the  voice  is  increased,  but  it  seldom  amounts 
to  perfect  pectoriloquy.  The  most  common  situ- 
ations  for  dilated  bronchia  are  the  scapular,  mam- 
mary, or  lateral  regions.  They  are  almost  always 
confined  to  one  side. 

Bronchia,  Obliteration  or  Compression  op 
THE.  The  inspiratory  murmur  on  auscultation 
is  weaker  or  wholly  suppressed  over  a  limited 
portion  of  the  chest ;  the  expiration  is  generally 
more  distinct  and  prolonged :  aU  the  other  con- 
ditions are  natural. 

BRONCHIA,  see  Bronchia. 

BRON'CHIAL,  Bronchic,  Bronchia'lis,  Bron'- 
chicus.     That  which  relates  to  the  bronchia. 

Bronchial  Arteries,  (F.)^rre?-esi??-oi!c^?^ue8. 
These  are  generally  two  in  number,  one  going  to 
each  lung.  They  arise  from  the  thoracic  aorta, 
and  accompany  the  bronchia  in  all  their  ramifi- 
cations. 

Bronchial  Cells,  (F.)  Cellules  bronchiqnes. 
The  Air-cells  ;  the  terminations  of  the  bronchia. 

Bronchial  Cough,  (F.)  Toux  bronchiqne,  T. 
tubaire.  This  generally  accompanies  bronchial 
respiration.  They  both  indicate  obstruction  to 
the  entrance  of  air  into  the  air-cells. 

Bronchial  Glands,  Glan'dulcB  Vesalia'nce, 
Glands  of  Vesa'lius,  (F.)  Glandes  bronehiques  ou 
Ganglions  lymphatiques  des  bronches,  are  numer- 
ous glands  of  an  ovoid  shape  ;  of  a  reddish  hue 
in  the  infant,  and  subsequently  brown  and  black, 
seated  in  the  coui-se  of  the  bronchia.  Their  func- 
tions are  unknown.  The  bronchial  glands  may 
be  presumed  to  be  affected  by  scrofulosis,  when, 
in  addition  to  the  existence  of  tumours  in  the 
neck,  percussion  gives  a  dull  sound  under  the 
upper  and  central  part  of  the  sternum,  whilst 
there  is  no  appreciable  lesion  of  the  lungs. 

Bronchial  Nerves,  (F.)  Nerfs  bronehiques, 
are  furnished  by  the  two  pulmonary  plexuses. 

Bronchial  Phthisis,  see  Phthisis  bronchial — 
b.  Respiration,  see  Murmur,  respii'atory. 

Bronchial  Veins  arise  from  the  last  divisions 
of  the  arteries  of  the  same  name,  and  pass,  ou 
the  right  side,  into  the  vena  azygos ;  on  the  left, 
into  the  superior  intercostal. 

BRONCHIC,  Bronchial. 

BRONCHIECTASIS,  Dilata'tio  bronchio'rum, 
from  Ppoyxos,  '  a  bronchus,'  and  tKrairi;,  '  dilata- 
tion.'   Dilatation  of  one  or  more  bronchial  tubes. 

BRONCHIITIS,  Bronchitis. 

BRON'CHIOLE,  Bronchioluni,  Bronchiolu^ ; 
diminutive  of  ^roHc/u'uHi  or  Br'onehus.  A  minute 
bronchial  tube. 

BRONCHIOSTENO'SIS.  from  Ppoyxoi,  '» 
bronchus,' and  (rrtvwo-if,  'contraction.'  Contrac- 
tion or  narrowness  of  the  bronchi. 

BP.ONCHITE  CONVULSIVE,  Pertussis. 

BRONCHI'TIS,  Bronchii'tis,  Inflamma'tvt 
bronchio'rum,  Catar'rhus  Pubno'num,  C.  bron- 
chio'rum, Pleuri'tis  hn'mida,  P.  brovchia' li^i. 
Bronchos' tasis,  Ptd'monary  Catarrh,  Angi'm, 
bronchialia,  (F.)  Injiummation  des  Bronchen. 
Inflammation    of  the   lining   membrane   of  tin? 


BRONCHIUS 


148 


BRUCOUKT 


bronchial  tubes.  This  is  always  more  or  less 
present  in  eases  of  pulmonary  catarrh ;  and  is 
accompanied  by  cough,  mucous  expectoration, 
dyspnoea,  and  more  or  less  uneasiness  in  breath- 
ing. The  acute  form  is  accompanied  with  all  the 
signs  of  internal  inflammation,  and  requires  the 
employment  of  antiphlogistics  followed  by  revul- 
sives. The  chronic  form,  Tussis  seni'lis,  Qatar' - 
rhua  seni'lis,  JRheuma  catarrha'le,  Per'ijmeumo'- 
nia  notha,  Bronchorrhoe'a  acn'ta,  Winter  cough, 
Chronic  Catarrh,  may  be  confounded  with  phthi- 
sis ;  from  which  it  must  be  distinguished  mainly 
by  the  absence  of  hectic  fever  and  of  the  physical 
signs  that  are  characteristic  of  the  latter,  as  well 
as  by  the  nature  of  the  expectoration,  which  is 
generally  mucous,  although  at  times  muco-puru- 
lent.  When  the  expectoration  is  little  or  none, 
the  bronchitis  is  said  to  be  dri/,  dry  catarrh,  (E.) 
Catarrhe  Sec. 

When  bronchitis  aifects  the  smaller  tubes,  it  is 
termed  capil'lary  hronchi'tis,  hronchi'tia  capilla'- 
ris,  bronchoc'ace  infanti'lis  (  ?  ),  and  is  often  fatal 
to  children.  Vesic'ular  bronchitis  is  the  term  pro- 
posed by  MM.  Killiet  and  Barthez  for  the  vesi- 
cular pneumonia  of  children. 

Beoxchitis,  Catarrh — b.  Asthenica,  Peripneu- 
monia notha  —  b.  Capillary,  see  Bronchitis  —  b. 
Convulsiva,  Pertussis — b.  Membranaeea,  Polypus 
bronchialis — b.  Plastic,  Polypus  bronchialis — 
b.  Pseudomembranous,  Polypus  bronchialis  —  b. 
Summer,  Pever,  hay  —  b.  Vesicular,  see  Bron- 
chitis. 

BRONCHITIS,  Sterno-thyroideus. 

BRONCHLEMMITIS,  Polypus  bronchialis. 

BRONCHOCACE,  Peripneumonia  notha  — b. 
Infantilis,  see  Bronchitis. 

BRONCHO-CATARRHUS,  Catarrh. 

BRONCHOCE'LE,  from  jipoyxos,  'a  bronchus,' 
and  KiiXrj,  'tumour.'  An  inaccurate  name  for  the 
affection  which  is  called,  also,  JBo'chium,  Botium, 
Hernia  gut'tttris,  Guttur  tu'midum  seu  gloho'sum, 
Trachelophy'ma,  Hernia  guttura'lis,  Thyroce'le, 
Thyreoce'le,  Tracheoce'le,  T hyremphrax' is,  Thy^ 
reophrax'ia,  Thyreon'cus,  Thyron'cus,  Heiron'- 
cus,  JDeron'cus,  'Thyrophrax'ia,  Gossum,  Go'tium, 
Exechehron' chiis,  Gongro'na,  Strtima,  Glans,  Bo'- 
cium,  Her'nia  hronchia'lis,  Tracheloce'le,  Tuber 
gutturo' sum,  Gntte'ria,  &c.,  the  Derbyshire  neck. 
Swelled  neck,  Wen,  Goitre,  &c.,  (F.)  Goitre,  Gou- 
itre.  Hypertrophic  du  Corps  Thyrdide,  Grosse 
Gorge,  Gros  Cou.  This  is  no  rupture,  but  con- 
sists of  an  enlargement  of  the  thyroid  gland.  It 
is  common  at  the  base  of  lofty  mountains  in 
every  part  of  the  world ;  and  has  been  supposed 
to  be  owing  to  the  drinking  of  snow-water,  but 
it  occurs  where  there  is  no  snow.  The  tumour 
is  sometimes  very  extensive.  Iodine  has  great 
power  over  it,  and  will  generally  occasion  its 
absorption,  when  the  case  has  not  been  of  such 
duration  as  to  have  ended  in  a  cartilaginous  con- 
dition. 

BRONCHOCBPHALITIS,  Pertussis. 

BRONCHOPARALYSIS,  Asthma. 

BRONCHOPHONY,  Resonance. 

BROXCHOPLAS'TIC,  Bronchoplas'ticm,  from 
PpoY)^os,  '  a  bronchus,'  and  TrXao-o-d),  '  I  form.'  An 
epithet  given  to  the  operation  for  closing  fistulse 

BRONCHOPNEIJMO'NIA,  from  lipoyxo?,  'a 
bronchus,'  and  Pneumonia.  Inflammation  of  the 
bronchia  and  lungs. 

BRONCHORRHCE'A,  (F.)  Bronchorrhie,  Go- 
tarrhc  pituiteux,  Phlegmorrhagie  puhnonaire, 
Flux  bronchique,  from  j3poy;^of,  'bronchus,'  and 
psu>.  '  I  flow.'  An  increased  secretion  of  mucus 
from  the  air  passages,  accompanied  or  not  by  in- 
flammation :  —  a  gleet,  as  it  were,  of  the  pulmo- 
Bttry  mucous  membrane. 


Bronchorrhcea  Acuta,  Bronchitis  (chronic.) 

BRONCHOSTASIS,  Bronchitis. 

BE  ONCHOTOME,  Bronchot'omua,  from  fipoy- 
X";,  and  rtjivtiv,  '  to  cut.'  A  kind  of  lancet,  with 
a  blunt  and  rounded  point,  mounted  on  a  handle, 
and  fitted  to  a  canula,  which  passfes  in  along  with 
it,  and  is  allowed  to  remain  in  the  opening  made 
in  the  trachea. 

BRONCHOT'OMY,  Bronchotom'ia,  (F.)  Bron- 
chotomie.  Same  etymology.  A  surgical  opera- 
tion, which  consists  in  making  an  opening  either 
into  the  trachea,  ( Tracheot'omy :)  into  the  larynx, 
[Laryngot'omy :)  or  into  both,  ( Tracheo-laryngot'- 
omy,)  to  extract  foreign  bodies  or  to  permit  the 
passage  of  air  to  the  lungs.  These  diiferent  parts 
are  divided  transversely  or  vertically,  according 
to  circumstances. 

BRONCHUS,  see  Bronchia.     Trachea. 

BROOKLIME,  Veronica  beceabunga. 

BROOM,  Sophora  tinctoria,  Spartium  scopa- 
rium — b.  Butcher's,  Rnscus — b.  Clover,  Sophora 
tinctoria — b.  Indigo,  Sophora  tinctoria — b.  Rape, 
of  Virginia,  Orobanche  Virginiana — b.  Spanish, 
Spartium  juneeum — b.  Yellow,  Sophora  tinctoria. 

BROSSADIERE,  MINERAL  WATERS 
OF.  Brossardiere  is  a  chateau  in  Bas-Poitou, 
France.  The  waters  contain  carbonates  of  iron 
and  lime,  chloride  of  sodium,  and  sulphate  of 
lime.     They  are  aperient. 

BROSSE,  Brush. 

BROTH,  CHICKEN,  see  Chicken  Broth, 

Broth,  Vegetable.  Take  two  potatoes,  a  car^ 
rot,  and  an  onion,  all  cut  fine ;  boil  in  a  quart  of 
water  for  an  hour,  adding  more  water  from  time 
to  time,  so  as  to  keep  the  original  quantity;  fla- 
vour with  salt,  and  a  small  quantity  of  potherbs  ; 
strain.  A  little  mushroom  catchup  improves  the 
flavour. 

BROUILLARH,  Caligo. 

BROUS'SAIST.  One  who  is  a  believer  in,  and 
professor  of,  the  physiological  and  pathological 
opinions  of  Broussais.  The  system  itself  was 
called  Broussaism,  or  the  Physiological  Doc- 
trine. 

BROW,  Front — b.  Ague,  Neuralgia  frontalis. 

BROWN  RED,  Colcothar. 

BROWN'IAN,  Broieno' nian,  Bruno'nian.  Re- 
lating to  the  system  or  opinions  of  John  Brown. 

BROWNISM,  Bru'tionism,  Bruno' nianism. 
The  doctrines  of  Brown. 

BROWNIST,  Browno'nian,  Bruno'nian.  A 
follower  of  the  syster->  of  Brown. 

BRU'CEA  ANTi-DYSENTEP/ICA.  Called 
after  Bruce,  the  Abyssinian  traveller.  B.  ferru- 
gin'ea,  Angustu'ra  spu'ria,  (F.)  Favsse  Angus- 
ture,  A.  Ferrugineuse.  The  systematic  name  of 
the  plant  whence  was  obtained — it  was  supposed 
— false  Angustnra  or  false  Cusparia  Bark.  It 
is  really  the  bark  of  Strychnos  nux  vomica. 

BRUCIA,  Bnicine. 

BRUCINE,  Bru'cia,  Bruci'na,  '  Briici'num, 
Bru'cinm,  Psetidangusturi'num,  Canirami'mim, 
Voni'icine.  An  organic,  salifiable  base,  disco- 
vered in  the  false  angustura — Brucea  anti-dy- 
senter'ica,  and  obtained  from  Strychnos  nux  vom'~ 
ica.  It  is  of  a  pearly  white;  crystallizes  in  oblique 
prisms  with  a  parallelogrammatie  base ;  is  very 
bitter,  slightly  acrid  and  styptic,  and  soluble  in 
water,  but  more  so  in  alcohol.  Brucia  is  a  less 
active  poison  than  strychnia.  It  resembles  it, 
however,  and  may  be  used  as  a  substitute  for  it 
and  for  the  extract  of  nux  vomica.  Dose,  half  a 
grain. 

BRUCKENAU,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF, 
These  springs  axe  in  Bavaria,  and  contain  car- 
bonic acid  and  iron. 

BRUCOURT,  MINERAL  WATERS  OP. 
Brucourt  is  three  leagues  and  a  half  from  Caen, 


BRUISE 


149 


BRUSH 


in  Normandy.  The  waters  contain  carbonic  acid, 
chloride  of  sodium,  and  sulphate  of  soda,  much 
sulphate  of  lime,  &a. 

BRUISE,  Contusion. 

BRUISE  ROOT,  Stylophorum  diphyllum. 

BRUISEWORT,  Bellis  saponaria. 

BRUISSEMENT,  (F.)  Frem'itus.  This  word 
has  much  the  same  signification  as  Bourdonne- 
ment,  as  well  as  Bruit. 

BRUIT,  (P.)  'Sound.'  A  French  term,  ap- 
plied to  various  sounds  heard  on  percussion  and 
auscultation,  viz. 

BEUIT BE  CRAQUEMENT,  B.de  ThaMe- 
ment,  Bruit  de  cuir  neuf,  '  sound  of  crackling,  or 
bursting,  or  of  new  leather.'  A  sound  produced 
by  the  friction  of  the  pericardium,  when  dried 
and  roughened  by  inflammation. 

BRUIT BU  CCEUR  FOETAL,  Battemens  dou- 
bles; Double  bruit  du  Coeur  du  Foetus.  The  pul- 
sations of  the  fo?tal  heart  heard  in  auscultation 
in  the  latter  half  of  utero-gestation. 

BRUIT  DE  CUIR  NEUF,  Bruit  de  craqxie- 
ment. 

BRUIT  DE  DIABLE,  Ronflement  du  Diable, 
Bruit  de  souffle  d  double  courant,  'noise  of  the 
diable  or  humming-top.'  Venous  hum.  A  high 
degree  of  Bruit  de  sotifflet,  heard  on  auscultating 
the  arteries  or  veins — probably  the  latter — of  the 
neck  in  chlorosis.  It  denotes  an  impoverished 
state  of  the  blood. 

BR UIT  D 0 UBLE  DU  CCEUR  DU  FOETUS, 
Bruit  du  Coeur  fcetal — b.  de  Frdlement,  see  Frole- 
ment. 

BRUIT  DE  FROISSEMENT  PULMO- 
NAIRE,  see  Froissement  pulmonaire. 

BRUIT  DE  FROLEMENT  PERICAR- 
DIQUE,  see  Frolement  pericardique. 

BR  UIT  DE  FR  0  TTE3IENT  ASCENDANT 
ET  descendant,  'Sound  of  friction  of  ascent 
and  descent.'  Sounds  produced  by  the  rubbing  of 
the  lung  against  the  parietes  of  the  chest,  as  it 
rises  and  falls  during  inspiration  and  expiration. 
They  are  distinctly  heard  in  pleuritis,  when  the 
pleura  has  become  roughened  by  the  disease. 
Friction  sounds.  Rubbing  sounds,  To-and-fro 
sounds  are  also  heard  in  pericarditis  and  perito- 
nitis. 

BRUIT  HUMORIQUE,  B.  mjdrojmewna- 
tique.  The  sound  afforded  on  percussion  when 
organs  are  filled  with  liquid  and  air. 

BRUIT  HYDROPNEUMATIQUE,  Bruit 
humc}-ique. 

BRUIT  DE  MOUCHE  (F.),  'fly  sound.'  A 
sound  analogous  to  the  Bruit  de  diable- — so  called 
from  its  likeness  to  the  buzzing  of  a  fly : — heard 
on  auscultating  the  neck  in  chlorotic  cases. 

BRUIT  3IUSCULAIRE.  The  sound  accom- 
panying the  first  sound  of  the  heart,  referred  by 
some  to  muscular  contraction.  Called,  also. 
Bruit  rotatoire,  in  consequence  of  its  having 
been  thought  to  resemble  the  rumbling  of  distant 
wheels. 

BRUIT  MUSICAL,  Sifflement  moduli. 

BRUIT  DE  PARCHE3IIN.  'Parchment 
tone.'  A  sound  as  if  produced  by  two  sheets  of 
parchment  applied  to  each  other.  It  is  said  to  be 
produced  by  thickening  and  rigidity  of  the  valves 
of  the  heart. 

BRUIT  PLACENTAIRE,  B.  de  soufflet  pla- 
centaire,  B.  uterin,  Souffle  uterin,  Souffle  pilacen- 
iaire.  Placental  bellows'  sound,  Utero-^ilacen'tal 
murmur,  Uterine  murmur.  The  bellows'  sound 
heard  on  auscultating  over  the  site  of  the  pla- 
centa in  a  pregnant  female.  It  does  not  appear 
to  be  owing  to  the  placental  vessels :  but  to  the 
uterine  tumour  pressing  upon  the  large  vessels 
of  the  mother. 

BR  UITDEPOTFELEj  'Sound  of  a  cracked 


vessel.'  This  sound  is  heard  on  percussion,  when 
a  cavern  in  the  lungs  is  filled  with  air,  and  has  a 
narrow  outlet. 

BRUIT  DE  RACLEilENT,  'Sound  of  scra- 
ping.' A  sound  produced  by  the  scraping  of  hard, 
solid  membranes,  as  the  pericardium,  against  each 
other. 

BRUIT  DE  RAPE,  'Sound  of  a  rasp.'  A 
sound  heard  during  the  contraction  of  either  the 
auricles  or  ventricles.  It  is  constant;  and  the 
contraction  of  the  cavity  is  more  prolonged  than 
natural,  and  emits  a  hard,  rough,  and  —  as  it 
were — stifled  sound. 

It  indicates  contraction  of  the  valvular  orifices 
by  cartilaginous  deposits,  or  ossification,  and  is 
better  heard  near  the  apex  of  the  heart,  if  the 
auriculo-ventricular  valves  be  concerned, — near 
the  base  if  the  semilunar  valves  be  the  seat  of  the 
disease. 

BRUIT  ROTATOIRE,  Bruit  musculaire. 

BRUIT  DE  SCIE,  or  'saw-sound,'  and  Bruit 
DE  LIME  A  Bois,  Or  'filc-sound,'  resemble  the  Bruit 
de  Rape. 

BRUIT  DE  SOUFFLE  A  DOUBLE  COU- 
RANT, Bruit  de  Diable. 

BRUIT  DE  SOUFFLET,  Bruit  de  Souffle, 
'bellows'  sound,'  'blowing  sound.'  A  sound  like 
that  of  a  bellows,  heard  occasionally  by  the  ear 
applied  to  the  chest  during  the  contraction  of  the 
ventricles,  auricles,  or  large  arteries.  It  coexists 
with  affections  of  the  heart,  but  is  heard,  also, 
without  any  disease  in  that  organ, — whenever, 
indeed,  an  artery  is  compressed.  An  Encephalic 
belloios'  sound,  has  been  described  by  Drs.  Fisher 
and  Whitney.  It  is  heard  on  applj'ing  the  ear 
to  the  occiput  or  to  the  top  of  the  head;  and  is 
considered  to  indicate  turgescence  of  vessels,  or 
inflammation.  When  such  turgescence  exists, 
the  vessels  are  compressed,  and  the  compression 
gives  rise  to  the  sound  in  question. 

BRUIT  DE  SOUFFLET  PLACENTAIRE, 
Bruit  placentaire  —  b.  de  Tiraillement,  Bruit  de 
craqxiement. 

BRUIT  DE  TAFFETAS.  'Sound  of  Taf- 
feta.' '  Sarcenet  soxmd.'  A  respiratory  sound,  so 
named,  by  M.  Grisolle,  from  its  resembling  the 
sound  caused  by  the  tearing  of  a  piece  of  taffeta; 
and  which  he  considers  to  indicate  hepatization 
of  the  lung,  limited  to  the  surface,  in  pneumonia. 

BRUIT  TTMPANIQUE,  'Tympanic  sound.' 
The  clear  sound  aflTorded  by  percussing  the  sto- 
mach and  intestines  when  containing  air. 

BR  UIT  UTERIN,  B.  placentaire. 

BRULURE,  Burn. 

BR  UNFILE,  Prunella. 

BRUNKER'S  GLANDS,  Brunneri  Glan'dulcB, 
GlandulcB  solita'ria.  Solitary  glands.  Solitary 
follicles,  Second  pan'creas.  Compound  muci- 
parous follicles,  seated  between  the  mucous  and 
muscular  coats  of  the  stomach,  along  the  two 
curvatures  of  that  organ,  and  in  the  duodenum ; 
so  called  from  their  discovery  having  been  gene- 
rally attributed  to  Brunner.  The  solitary  intes- 
tinal follicles  are  often  known,  at  the  present 
day,  as  the  glands  of  Brunner,  although  Brunner 
restricted  the  latter  term  to  the  glands  of  the 
duodenum. 

BRUNONIAN,  Brownian. 

BRUNOMANISM,  Brownism. 

BRUNUS,  Erysipelas. 

BRUSCUS,  Ruscus. 

BRUSH,  Scop'nJa,  (F.)  Brosse.  ^.  well  known 
instrument,  used  in  medicine  chiefly  for  the  fol- 
lowing purposes.  1.  To  clean  the  teeth.  2.  To 
remove  the  saw-dust  which  adheres  to  the  teeth 
of  the  trephine,  during  the  operation  of  trepbip- 
ing.  3.  To  rub  the  surface  of  the  body,  for  the 
purpose  of  exciting  the  skin,  and  favouring  trana- 


BRUTA 


150 


BUBONULUS 


piration.  'Westrmg,  a  SwedisTi  physician,  has 
recommended  metallic  brushes  for  the  purpose 
of  conveying  galvanism  to  a  part.  These  brushes 
consist  of  a  plate  of  ebony  fitted  to  another  of 
gold,  in  which  threads  of  the  same  metal  are 
fixed; — the  brush  being  connected  with  one  of 
the  poles  of  the  galvanic  pile. 

Brush,  Stomach,  Excutia  ventriculi. 

BRUTA,  Juniperus  sabina. 

BRU'TIA.  A  sort  of  thick  pitch,  obtained 
from  Brutia,  in  Italy.  From  Pix  Brutia  was 
obtained  the  O'leum  Pici'num. 

Brutia,  Instinct. 

BRUTINO,  Terebinthina. 

BRUXANELI.  A  Malabar  tree,  the  bark  and 
leaves  of  which  have  a  strong  smell,  and  are 
astringent.  On  the  coast  of  Malabar,  its  juice, 
mixed  with  butter,  is  applied  to  boils.  Its  bark  is 
esteemed  to  be  diuretic,  and  its  roots  anti-arthritic. 

BPi.UYERE  VULGAIRE,  Erica  vulgaris. 

BRUYERES,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Bruyeres  is  a  small  village,  7  J  leagues  from 
Luneville.     The  waters  are  acidulous  and  chaly- 

BRYCETOS,  see  Algidus. 
BRYCHETHMOS,  Rugitus. 
BRYCHETOS,  see  Algidus. 
BRYGMA,   Bryfjmus,    Trisis,  Priaia,  Priamus, 
Odontopri' sis,  Stridor  Ben'tium,  (F.)  Grincement 
dea  Bents.     Grinding  of  the  teeth.     A  common 
symptom,  in  children,  of  gastric  or  other  derange- 
ment, but  often  present  when  there  is  no  reason 
to  suspect  any. 

BRYO'NIA  AFRICA'NA.  A  South  African 
remedy,  common  amongst  the  Hottentots,  which, 
in  the  form  of  decoction,  acts  simultaneously  as 
an  emetic,  cathartic,  and  diuretic.  It  is  used  by 
the  natives  in  cutaneous  diseases,  dropsy,  and 
syphilis.  The  tincture  is  a  powerful  emetic  and 
cathartic. — Thunberg. 

BRYO'NIA  ALBA;  White  Bry'ony,  Vitia 
alba  sylves'tris,  Agi*os'tis,  Agriam'pelos,  Am'pelos 
a'gria,  Archeos'tris,  Eehetro'sia,  Bryo'nia  as'pera, 
Oedros'tis,  Ghelido' nium,  Lahrus'ca,  Melo'thrum, 
Ophrosta]}h'ylon,  Psilo'thrum,  Bryonia  Dioi'ca. 
Nat.  Ord.  Cucurbitacese.  Sex.  Syst.  Moncecia 
Monadelphia.  (F.)  OouleuvrSe,  Vigne  vierge,  V. 
blanche.  The  root  is  large  and  succulent,  and 
has  an  acrid,  bitter,  and  disagreeable  taste.  It 
is  a  drastic  cathartic.  Externally,  it  has  been 
applied,  in  form  of  cataplasm,  in  gout.  When 
repeatedly  washed,  a  good  starch  is  obtained 
from  it.  The  active  principle  has  been  separated 
from  it,  and  called  Bry'onine. 

Bryonia  Mechoacanna  Nigricans,   Convol- 
vulus jalapa — b.  Peruviana,  Convolvulus  jalapa. 
BRYONINE,  see  Bryonia  alba. 
BRYONY,  WILD,  Sycios  angulatus. 
BRYTIA,  Marc  of  grapes. 
BRYTON,  Cerevisia. 

BU,  Pov,  abbreviation  of  jiovs,  'an  ox;'  in  com- 
position expresses,  'excess,  greatness.'     Hence 
Bulimus,  Buphthal'mia,  &o. 
BUBASTECORDIUM,  Artemisia  vulgaris. 
BUBE,  Pustule. 

BUBO,  ^ov^oiv,  Pano'chia,  Panus  inguina'lis, 
Adenophy'ma  inguina'lis,  Bubonojya'niia,  Bnho- 
von'eiis,  Bubon'cus,  Oambu'ea,  Angus,  Boubon, 
Codoce'le,  Codoseel'la,  (F.)  Bubon,  Poulain.  In 
the  works  of  Hippocrates  and  Galen,  this  word 
sometimes  signiiies  the  groin — Inguen;  at  others, 
the  inguinal  glands;  and  at  others,  again,  swell- 
ing or  inflammation  of  these  parts.  The  moderns 
apply  the  term  to  an  inflammatory  tumour  seated 
in  the  groin  or  axilla,  and  they  generally  distin- 
guish, 1.  Simple  or  Sympathetic  Bubo,  which  is 
independent  of  any  virus  in  the  economy.      2. 


Venereal  Bubo,  (F.)  Bubon  v^nirien,  which  is  oc- 
casioned by  the  venereal  rirus.  3.  Pestilential 
Bubo,  or  B.  symptomatic  of  the  Plague.  The  last 
two  have  by  some  been  called  malignant  Bubo, 
(F.)  Bubon  malin. 

Primary  Bubo,  (F.)  Bubon  primitif,  shows  it- 
self with  the  first  symptoms  of  syphilis  :  the  con- 
secutive not  till  afterwards. 

BUBON,  Bubo,  Inguen — b.  Gummiferum,  see 
Ammoniac  gum.  ^ 

BUBON  jyEMBLEE,  (F.)  An  enlargement 
and  suppuration  of  one  or  more  of  the  inguinal 
glands,  not  preceded  by  any  other  of  the  more 
common  forms  of  venereal  disease,  nor  by  any 
other  syphilitic  symptom. 

Bubon  Gal'banum.  The  systematic  name 
of  a  plant  which  has  been  supposed  to  afford 
galbanum ;  iJeto'pion,  Mato'riuin.  The  plant  is 
also  called  Fer'ula  Africa'na,  Oreoseli'num  Afri- 
ca'num,  Ani'sum  frutico'sum  galbanif  erum,  Ani- 
sum  Africa'num  frutes'cens,  Seli'num  Galbanum, 
Agasyll'is  gal'banum.,  The  long-leaved  or  lovage- 
leaved  Gal'banum.  Nat.  Ord.  Uinbelliferse.  The 
plant  can  scarcely,  however,  be  considered  to  be 
determined.  Galbanum  is  the  gummi-resinous 
juice.  Its  odour  is  fetid,  and  taste  bitter  and 
acrid :  the  agglutinated  tears  are  of  a  white  co- 
lour, on  a  ground  of  reddish-brown.  It  forms  an 
emulsion,  when  triturated  with  water,  and  is  solu- 
ble in  proof  spirits  of  wine,  and  vinegar :  s.  g. 
1.212.  It  has  been  given  as  an  antispasmodic, 
aud  expectorant,  in  pill  or  emulsion.  Dose,  from 
gr.  10  to  60.  Externally,  it  is  applied  as  a  cata- 
plasm. 

Bubon  galbanum  is  a  South  African  plant;  and 
is  reputed  to  be  an  excellent  diuretic,  under  the 
name  of  Wild  Celery.  A  decoction  of  the  leaves 
is  given  in  dropsy  and  gravel.  According  to 
Pappe,  the  resinous  matter,  which  exudes  from 
the  stem,  difi'ers  in  appearance,  smell,  and  in 
every  respect,  from  Gummi  Galbanum. 

Bubon  Macedon'icum,  Athaman'ta  Macedon'- 
ica,  Petroseli'num  Macedon' icum.,  A'pium  petra' - 
urn,  Petra'pium,  (F.)  Persil  de  Jl/acedoine,  Mace- 
do'nian  Parsley.  Its  properties  are  similar  to 
those  of  common  parsley,  but  weaker  and  less 
grateful.  The  seeds  are  an  ingredient  in  the 
celebrated  compounds,  Mithridate  and  Theriac. 
BUBONA,  Nipple. 

BUBONALGIA,  from  /Sau/Suv,  'the  groin,'  and 
a\yog,  'pain.'     Pain  in  the  groin. 
BUBONCUS,  Bubo. 

BUBO'NIUM,  Aster  Ai'ticus,  Golden  Sfarwort, 
A  plant  anciently  supposed  to  be  efl5cacious  in 
diseases  of  the  groin,  from  fiovfiwv,  '  the  groin.' 

BUBONOCE'LE,  from  fiovli^v,  'the  groin,' and 
Kri\r),  'tumour,'  'rupture.'  Her'nia  inguina'lis, 
(F.)  Herivie  inguinale,  In'guinal  Hernia,  or  Rup- 
ture of  the  Groin.  Some  surgeons  have  confined 
this  term  to  hernia  when  limited  to  the  groin, 
and  have  called  the  same  affection,  when  it  has 
descended  to  the  scrotum,  Oscheoce'le,  or  Scrotal 
Hernia.  The  rupture  passes  through  the  abdo- 
minal ring :  and,  in  consequence  of  the  greater 
size  of  the  opening  in  the  male,  it  is  more  fre- 
quent in  the  male  sex. 
BUBONONCUS,  Bubo. 
BUBONOPANUS,  Bubo. 
BUBONOREX'IS,  from  Povffoyv,  'the  groin,' 
and  prints,  '  a  rupture.'  A  name  given  to  bubo- 
nocele when  accompanied  with  a  division  of  the 
peritoneum,  or  when,  in  other  words,  it  is  devoid 
of  a  sac. 

BUBON'ULUS,  Bubun'culus.  A  diminutiTe 
of  Bubo.  A  painful  swelling  of  the  lymphatics 
of  the  penis,  extending  along  the  dorsum  of  that 
organ  to  the  groin.  It  is  aa  occasional  acoom- 
pauiment  of  gonorrhoea. 


BUBUKLE 


151 


BULBUS 


BUBUKLE.  A  word  used  by  Shakspeare  for 
a  red  pimple  on  the  nose. 

BUBUNCULUS,  Bubonulus. 

BUCAKOS,  Terra  Portugallica. 

BUCCA,  Gnathos.  The  mouth.  The  cheek 
and  hollow  of  the  cheek.     Also,  the  vnlva. 

BUCCAC'RATON,  from  Bucca,  and  Kpaw,  'I 
mix.'  A  morsel  of  bread  sopped  in  wine,  which 
served  of  old  for  a  breakfast. — Linden. 

BUCCAL,  Bucca'lis,  from  Bucca,  '  the  mouth,' 
or  rather  '  the  cheek.'  That  which  concerns  the 
mouth,  and  especially  the  cheek. 

Buccal  Artery,  A.  Sus-maxillaire,  (Ch.) 
arises  from  the  internal  maxillary  or  from  some 
of  its  branches,  as  the  Temporalis  profunda  an- 
tica,  or  the  Alveolar.  It  distributes  its  branches 
to  the  buccinator  muscle,  and  to  the  buccal  mem- 
brane. 

Buccal  Glands,  Molar  Glands.  Mucous  fol- 
licles, seated  in  the  buccal  membrane,  opposite 
the  molar  teeth.  They  secrete  a  viscid  humour, 
which  mixes  with  the  saliva,  and  lubricates  the 
mouth. 

Buccal  Membrane,  (F.)  Membrane  Buccale. 
The  mucous  membrane,  which  lines  the  interior 
of  the  mouth. 

Buccal  Nerve,  or  Bucmna'tor  Nerve,  Biicco- 
labial — (Ch.,)  is  given  off  by  the  inferior  maxil- 
lary. It  sends  its  branches  to  the  cheek,  and 
especially  to  the  buccinator  muscle. 

Buccal  Vein  follows  the  artery. 

BUC'CEA,  Biiccel'la.  The  fleshy  excrescence 
of  nasal  polypus,  so  called  because  it  was  believed 
to  proceed  from  the  mouth. — Paracelsus.  Also, 
a  mouthful. 

BUCCELA'TON,  Buccela'tus.  A  loaf-shaped 
cathartic  medicine ;  made  chiefly  of  scammony. 
— Aetius,  Paulus  of  iSgina. 

BUCCELLA'TIO.  A  mode  of  arresting  hemor- 
rhage, by  applying  a  pledget  of  lint  to  the  bleed- 
ing vessel. — Avicenna,  Fallopius. 

BUCCINA,  Turbinated  bones. 

BUCCINA'TOR,  from  buccinare,  'to  sound 
the  trumpet.'  The  Buccina'tor  diuscle,  Retrac'- 
tor  An'gidi  Oris,  Bucco-Alveolo-maxillaire,  Alve- 
olo-labial  —  (Ch.,)  Manso'riiis,  is  situate  in  the 
substance  of  the  cheeks.  It  extends  between  the 
posterior  portions  of  the  alveolar  arches  of  the 
two  jaws  and  the  commissure  of  the  lips,  which 
it  draws  backward.  It  assists  in  mastication,  by 
pushing  the  food  back  towards  the  teeth  ;  and, 
if  the  cheeks  be  distended  by  air,  its  contrac- 
tion forces  it  out. 

BUCCO.  One  who  is  blub-cheeked,  or  wide- 
mouthed.  ^ 

B UCOO-AL  VEOL  0-MAXILLAIRE,  Bueci- 
Bator. 

BUCCO-LABIAL  NERVE,  Buccal  nerve. 

BUCCO-PHARYNGE'AL,  Bucco-Pharynge'- 
its,  (F.)  Bucco-Pharyngien,  Belonging  to  the 
mouth  and  pharynx.  The  Buceo-pharynge'al 
Aponeuro'sis  or  Intermax.' illary  Lig'ament,  ex- 
tends from  the  internal  ala  of  the  pterygoid  pro- 
cess to  the  posterior  part  of  the  lower  alveolar 
arch,  and  affords  attachment,  anteriorly,  to  the 
buccinator,  and,  posteriorly,  to  the  constrictor 
pharyngis  superior. 

BEC'CULA,  from  Bueca,  'tbe  mouth.'  A 
small  mouth.  The  fleshy  part  beneath  the  chin. 
— Bartholine. 

BUCERAS,  Trigonella  frenum  — b.  Foenum 
Grascum,  Trigonella  foenum  Grsecum. 

BUCHU,  Diosma  crenata — b.  Leaves,  Diosma 
erenata. 

BUCKBEAN,  Menyanthes  trifoliata— b.  Ame- 
rican, Menyanthes  verna. 

BUCKBERRY,  Vaecinium  stamineum. 

BUCKET  FEVER,  Dengue. 


BUCKEYE,  .(Esculus  hippocastanum. 

BUCKHO,  Diosma  crenata. 

BUCKTHORN,  PURGING,  Rhamnus. 

BUCKWHEAT,  Polygonum  fagopynim  —  ^ 
Plant,  eastern,  Polygonum  divaricatura. 

BUCNEMIA,  see  Elephantiasis  —  b.  Tropica, 
see  Elephantiasis. 

BUCTON,  Hymen. 

BUFF,  INFLAMMATORY,  Corium  phlogls- 
ticum. 

BUFFY  COAT,  Corium  phlogisticum. 

BUG,  (BED,)  Cimex. 

BUGANTIA,  Chilblain. 

BUG'GERY,  Sod'omy,  Sodom'ia,  Co'itus  So- 
domit'ictis,  (I.)  Bugarone.  Said  to  have  been 
introduced  by  the  Bulgarians.  A  carnal  copula- 
tion against  nature,  as  of  a  man  or  woman  with 
any  animal ;  or  of  a  man  with  a  man,  or  a  man 
unnaturally  with  a  woman.  The  unnatural 
crime. 

BUGLE,  Prunella  —  b.  Common,  Ajuga  rep- 
tans — h.  Pyramidale,  Ajuga — b.  Rampiante,  Aju- 
ga reptans  —  b.  Water,  Lycopus  Virginicus  —  b. 
Weed,  Lycopus. 

BUOLOSE,  Anchusa  officinalis. 

BUGLOSS,  DYER'S,  Anchusa  tinctoria  — b. 
Garden,  Anchusa  officinalis  —  b.  Upright,  Ajuga. 

BUGLOSSA,  Anchusa  officinalis. 

BUGLOSSUM  ANGUSTIFOLIUM  MAJUS, 
Anchusa  officinalis — b.  Latifolium,  Borago  offici- 
nalis—  b.  Sativum,  Anchusa  officinalis  —  b.  Syl- 
vestris,  Anchusa  officinalis  —  b.  Tinctorum,  An- 
chusa tinctoria  —  b.  Verum,  Boracic  acid  —  b. 
Vulgare  majus,  Anchusa  officinalis. 

BUGRANDE  EPINEUSE,  Ononis  spinosa. 

BUGRANE,  Ononis  spinosa — b.  des  Champs, 
Ononis  arvensis. 

BUGULA,  Ajuga — b.  Chamrepitys,  Teucrium 
chamaspitys  —  b.  Pyramidalis,  Ajuga — b.  Rep- 
tans, Ajuga  reptans. 

BUIS,  Buxus. 

BUISARD,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Bui- 
sard  is  two  leagues  from  Chateau-Thierry,  in 
France.  The  water  contains  chloride  of  calcium 
and  carbonate  of  lime. 

BULB,  Bulbus,  (F.)  Bulbe.  A  name,  given 
by  anatomists  to  different  parts  which  resemble, 
in  shape,  certain  bulbous  roots.  The  Bulb  of  the 
Aorta  is  the  great  sinus  of  the  Aorta.  Bulb  of  a 
Tooth;  the  vascular  and  nervous  papilla  con- 
tained in  the  cavity  of  a  tooth.  The  Bulb  or 
Root  of  the  Hair  is  the  part  whence  the  hair 
originates.  The  Bidb  of  the  Ihethra  is  the 
dilated  portion  formed  by  the  commencement 
of  the  Corpus  spongiosum  towards  the  root  of 
the  penis.  We  say,  also.  Bulb,  for  Globe,  of 
the  eye. 

Bulb  of  the  Eye,  see  Eye — b.  of  the  Female, 
Bulbus  vestibuli  —  b.  Rachidian,  see  Medulla 
oblongata. 

BULBE,  Bulb — b.  du  Vagin,  Bulbus  vestibuli 
—  6.  de  la  Voiite  d  trois  Piliers,  Mamillary  tu- 
bercles 

BULBI  FORNICIS,  Mamillary  tubercles— b. 
Priorum  Crurum  Fornicis,  Mamillary  tubercles. 

BULBOCASTANEUM,  Bunium  bulbocas- 
tanum, 

BULBO-CAVERNOSUS,  Accelerator  urinaj— 
b.  Syndesmo-caverneux,  Accelerator  urina)  —  b. 
Urethral,  Accelerator  urinee. 

BULBOCODIUM,  Narcissus  pseudonarcissus. 

BULBONACH,  Lunaria  rediviva. 

BULBUS,  Bulb. 

Bulbus  Esculen'tus.  The  Es'culent  Bulb . 
a  particular  kind,  so  denominated  by  the  an- 
cients. It  is  supposed  to  have  been  the  Cepa 
Asealon'ica. — Dioscorides,  Celsus,  Pliny,  <tc. 


BULESIS 


152 


BTJRS^  MUCOSA 


Btjlbus  Glandtjlosus,  Proven trieulus  —  b. 
Oeuli,  see  Eye  —  b.  Olfactorius,  see  Olfactory 
Nerves  —  b.  Pili,  see  Hair  —  b.  Raehidicus,  see 
Medulla  oblongata — b.  Vaginae,  B.  vestibuli. 

BuLBUS  Vestib'uli,  B.  Vagi'ncB,  Plexus  reii- 
jform'iB,  Crura  clitor'idis  inter' na,  Bulb  or  Semi- 
hulb  of  the  Female,  (F.)  Bulbe  du  Yagin.  A  close- 
packed  plexus  of  intricately  anastomosing  veins, 
inclosed  in  a  fibrous  investment,  —  being  an  im- 
mediate continuation  and  extension  of  the  pars 
intermedia,  and  occupying  the  space  between  the 
beginning  or  vestibule  of  the  vagina  and  the 
rami  of  the  pubic  arch.  It  is  regarded  by  Louth, 
Taylor,  Morgagni  and  Kobelt  as  the  analogue 
of  the  male  bulb. 

BuLBUS  Vomito'rius.  a  plant,  said  by  Dios- 
corides  to  be  emetic  and  diuretic.  It  is  the 
Musk-grape  flower,  according  to  Bay, — the  Hya- 
cinthus  Mnscari. 

BULESIS,  Voluntas. 

BULGA,  Vulva. 

BULIMIA,  Boulimia. 

BU'LITHOS,  from  jSou?,  'an  ox,'  and  XiSoy, 
*  a  stone.'  A  bezoar  or  stone,  found  in  the  kid- 
neys, gall-bladder,  or  urinary  bladder  of  an  ox 
or  cow. 

BULLA,  (F.)  Bulle.  A  Bleb.  A  portion  of 
the  cuticle,  detached  from  the  skin  by  the  inter- 
position of  a  transparent,  watery  fluid.  It  forms 
the  4th  order  in  Willan's  and  Bateman's  arrange- 
ment of  cutaneous  diseases,  and  includes  erysi- 
pelas, pemphigus,  and  pompholyx.  By  some, 
Bulla  has  been  used  synonymously  with  Pem- 
phigus.    See,  also.  Hydatid. 

BULLACE  PLUM,  Prunus  invitia. 

BULL^  ROTUNDiE  CERVICIS  UTERI, 
Nabothi  glandulas. 

BULL-FISTS,  Lycoperdon. 

BUMELLIA,  Fraxinus  excelsior. 

BUNA,  ColFea  Arabica. 

BUNDURH,  Corylus  avellana. 

BUNIAS,  Brassica  napus. 

BU'NIOID,  BuuioVdes,  Na'piform;  from  /3ou- 
vMv,  '  a  turnip,'  and  ei&os,  '  resemblance.'  An 
epithet  for  a  form  of  cancer,  bearing  some  resem- 
blance to  a  turnip. 

BUNION,  Bunyon. 

BUNI'TES  VINUM.  A  wine,  made  by  in- 
fusing the  Bunium  in  must.  It  is  stomachic,  but 
scarcely  ever  used. 

BUNIUM,  Carvi,  Carum. 

Bu'nium  Bulbocas'tanum,  fiovviov,  so 
called,  it  has  been  supposed,  from  growing  on 
hills,  from  fiovvos,  'a  hill,'  Balanocas'tunum, 
Bu'nium  minus,  Sium  bulbocastanum,  Scandex 
bulhocastannm,  Carum  bulbocastanum.  The  sys- 
tematic name  of  a  plant,  whose  root  is  called 
Pig-nut,  Agriocas'tanum,  Nu'cula  terres'tris,  Bul- 
hocas'tanum  majus  et  minus,  Earth-nut,  Hawk- 
nut,  Kipiiier-nut,  (F.)  Terre-noix.  The  root  is 
tuberous,  and  is  eaten  raw  or  roasted.  It  has 
been  supposed  to  be  of  use  in  strangury.  It  is 
not  employed  in  medicine. 

BUNNIAN,  Bunyon. 

BUN'YON,  Bun'ion,  Bnn'nian,  from  ^owos, 
'an  eminence.' (? )  An  enlargement  and  in- 
flammation of  the  bursa  mucosa  at  the  inside  of 
the  ball  of  the  great  toe. 

BUOPHTHALMIA,  Buphthalmia. 

BUPEINA,  Boulimia. 

EUPHTHALMI  HERBA,  Anthemis  tinctoria. 

BUPHTHAL'MIA,  Buophthal'mia,  Buphthal'- 
uos.  Elephant om' ma,  from  )3ouf,  '  an  ox,'  and  o0- 
&a\iios,  'an  eye.'  Ox-eye.  Under  this  name, 
the  generality  of  authors  have  designated  the 
first  stage  of  nyarophthahnia.  Others,  with  Sa- 
batxer,  mi^an,  by  it,  turgescence  of  the  vitreous 


humour,  which,  by  pushing  the  iris   forwa/rfs, 
forms  around  the  crystalline  a  sort  of  border 

BUPHTHALMUM  CRETICUM,  Anthemis 
Pyrethrum  —  b.  Majus,  Chrysanthemum  leucan- 
themum. 

'     BUPHTHALMUS,  Hydrophthalmia,  Semper- 
vivum  tectorum. 

BUPINA,  Boulimia. 

BUPLEUROIDES,  Bupleurum  rotundlfolium. 

BUPLEU'RUM  ROTUNDIFO'LIUM,  Bu- 
plexi'ron,  BupleuroV des,  from  /3o}),  augmentative, 
and  TrAtupov,  'side,'  (F.)  Buplevre,  Percefeuille, 
Bound-leaved  Hare's  Ear,  Thorowwax.  The  herb 
and  seeds  are  slightly  aromatic.  It  was  formerly 
celebrated  for  curing  ruptures,  being  made  into 
a  cataplasm  with  wine  and  oatmeaL 

BUPLEVBE,  Bupleurum  rotundlfolium. 

B  U  R  A  0.  Borax.  Also,  any  kind  of  salt. 
(Arabic.) 

BURDOCK,  Arctium  lappa  —  b.  Lesser,  Xan- 
thium — b.  Prairie,  Silphium  terebinthaceum. 

BURIAL  ALIVE,  Zoothapsis. 

B  U  R I S,  Hernia,  accompanied  by  scirrhous 
tumefaction ;  or,  perhaps,  a  scirrhous:  tumour 
only. — Avicenna. 

BURN.  Sax.  bepnan  or  byrnan,  'to  burn  or 
bren.'  Us' tic,  Ambus'tio,  Adus'tio,  Tresis  Oausis, 
Erythe'ma  Ambus'tio,  Causis,  Encau'sis,  Pyri- 
caits'tum,  Combustu'ra,  Catacau'ma,  Combvs'tio, 
(F.)  Brtilure.  An  injury  produced  by  the  action 
of  too  great  heat  on  the  body.  Burns  are  of 
greater  or  less  extent,  from  the  simple  irritation 
of  the  integument  to  the  complete  destruction  of 
the  part.  The  consequences  are  more  or  less 
severe,  according  to  the  extent  of  injury,  and  the 
part  affected.  Burns  of  the  abdomen,  when  ap- 
parently doing  well,  are  sometimes  followed  by 
fatal  results.  Their  treatment  varies, — at  times, 
the  antiphlogistic  being  required ;  at  others,  one 
more  stimulating. 

BURNEA,  see  Finns  Sylvestris. 

BURNET,  CANADA,  Sanguisorba  Cana- 
densis. 

BURNETT'S  DISINFECTING  LIQUID.  A 
solution  of  chloride  of  zinc,  first  used  by  Sir 
William  Burnett  for  preserving  timber,  canvass, 
&c.,  from  dry  rot,  mildew,  Ac.,  and  afterwards 
as  an  antibromic  and  antiseptic,  especially  in  the 
case  of  dead  bodies. 

BURNING,  Brenning.  A  disease  mentioned 
by  old  historians,  from  which  authors  have  un- 
successfully endeavoured  to  demonstrate  the  an- 
tiquity of  syphilis. — Parr. 

BURNING  OF  THE  FEET,  see  Feet,  burn- 
ing of  the. 

BURNT  HOLES.  A  variety  of  rupia,  popu- 
larly known  in  Ireland  under  this  name;  and  not 
unfrequent  there  amongst  the  ill-fed  children  of 
the  poor. 

BUR-REED,  GREAT,  Sparganium  ramosum. 

BURRHI  SPIR'ITUS  MATRICA'LIS.  The 
Spirit  of  Burrhus  for  diseases  of  the  Womb.  It 
is  prepared  by  digesting,  in  alcohol,  equal  parts 
of  myrrh,  oliba.num,  and  mastic.  Boerhaave  fre- 
quently prescribed  it. 

BURSA  CORDIS,  Pericardium  — b.  Pastoris, 
Thlaspi  bursa — b.  Testium,  Scrotum — b.  Virilis, 
Scrotum. 

BURSiE  MUCO'S^,  Bursa  mnco'sa  vesicu- 
la'res,  Bursa  seu  Cap'sulas  synovia'les,  Blenno- 
cys'tides,  Sacci  muco'ei,  Vesi'ca  unguino'scB  ten'- 
dinum,  Vagi'ncB  Synovia'les,  Synovial  Crypts  or 
Follicles,  (F.)  Bourses  Synoviales.  Small  mem- 
branous sacs,  situate  about  the  joints,  particularly 
about  the  large  ones  of  the  upper  and  lower  ex- 
tremities, and,  for  the  most  part,  lying  under  tho 
tendons.  They  are  naturally  filled  with  an  oily 
kind  of  fluid,  the  use  of  which  is  to  lubricate  sur- 


BURSAL 


153 


BYTHOS 


faces  over  which  the  tendons  play.  In  conse- 
quence of  bruises  or  sprains,  this  fluid  sometimes 
collects  to  a  great  extent.  The  bursis  are,  gene- 
rally, either  of  a  roundish  or  oval  form,  and  they 
have  been  arranged  under  two  classes,  the  sphe- 
rical and  the  vaginal. 

BuRS.E  Synoviales,  Bursae  mucosEe. 

BTJKSAL,  Bursa'lis.  Relating  or  appertain- 
ing to  burste, — as  a  '  bursal  tumour.' 

BURSALIS,  Obturator  internus. 

BURSERA  ACUMINATA,  B.  gummifera. 

Burse'ra  Gummif'era,  £.  acwnina'ta,  Tere- 
binth'us  gummifera,  Jamaica  Bark  Tree.  A  resin 
exudes  from  this  tree,  which,  as  met  with  in  the 
shops,  is  solid  externally ;  softish  internally ;  of 
a  vitreous  fracture;  transparent;  of  a  pale  yellow 
colour;  turpentine  smell,  and  sweet,  perfumed 
taste.  It  has  been  used  like  balsams  and  tur- 
pentines in  general,  and  is  called,  by  the  French, 
Gaehibou,  Chibou,  and  Resine  de  Gomart. 

BURST,  Hernia,  Hernial. 

BURSTER,  see  Hernial. 

BURSULA,  Scrotum. 

BURTHISTLE,  Xanthium. 

BURWEED,  Xanthium. 

BURWORT,  Ranunculus  acris. 

BUSSANG,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Bus- 
Bang  is  a  village  in  the  department  of  Vosges, 
France.     The  waters  are  acidulous  chalybeates. 

BUSSEEOLLE,  Arbutus  uva  ursi. 

BUS'SII  SPIR'ITUS  BEZOAR'TICUS,  Be- 
Boar'dic  Spirit  of  Bussius.  A  preparation,  re- 
garded as  sudorific,  diuretic,  and  antispasmodic; 
obtained  by  distilling  subcarbonate  and  muriate 
of  ammonia,  amber,  oil  of  cedar  or  juniper,  &g. 

BUTE,  ISLAND  OF,  CLIMATE  OF.  This 
island  is  in  the  Frith  of  Clyde,  about  18  miles 
below  Greenock.  The  climate  is  mild  and  equa- 
ble, but  rather  moist;  and,  as  a  winter  residence, 
it  holds  out  advantages  for  those  only  that  ap- 
pear to  demand  such  a  condition  of  the  atmo- 
sphere. The  climate  resembles,  in  character, 
that  of  the  S.  W.  of  England  and  France,  and 
the  Channel  islands ;  although  its  temperature  is 
lower. 

BU'TEA  FRONDO'SA,  Erythri'na  monosper'- 
tna,  Riidolph'ia  f rondo' sa,  see  Kino.  A  tree, 
common  in  Bengal,  and  in  the  mountainous  parts 
of  India ;  Nat,  Ord.  Leguminosse ;  from  which 
gum  hutea  flows.  Dr.  Pereira  found  this  gum  to 
be  identical  with  a  specimen  marked  gumini  ru- 
brum  astringens — the  gomme  astringente  de  Gani- 
bie  of  M.  Guibourt.  By  some,  this  gum  has  been 
confounded  with  kino. 

BUTIGA,  Gutta  rosea. 

BUTOMON,  Iris  pseudacorus. 

BUTTER,  from  fiovrvpov;  itself  from  jffou?,  'ox,' 
and  Tvgos,  'any  thing  coagulated.'  Buty'rum, 
Pice'rion,  (F.)  Beurre.  A  sort  of  concrete  oil, 
obtained  from  the  cream  that  forms  on  the  sur- 
face of  the  milk  furnished  by  the  females  of  the 
mammalia;  especially  by  the  cow  and  the  goat. 
Fresh  butter  is  very  nutritious,  whilst  the  rancid 
Ls  irritating.  The  ancient  chemists  gave  the 
name  Butter  to  many  of  the  metallic  chlorides. 
It  has  also  been  applied  to  vegetable  substances, 
which  resemble,  in  some  respects,  the  butter  ob- 
tained from  milk. 

Butter  of  Bambouc  or  Bambuc,  (F.)  Beurre 
de  Bambouc  ou  Bambuk,     A  vegetable  oil  ob- 


tained from  a  species  of  almond,  and  used  in 
Senegal  in  neuralgic  and  rheumatismal  pains. 

Butter  of  Ca'cao,  Oil  of  Ca'eao,  Oleum  Ca- 
cao spiasa'tum,  0.  Theobro'mcB  Cacao  expres'sum, 
(F.)  Beurre  de  Cacao,  Huile  de  Cacao.  A  fat 
substance,  of  a  sweet  and  agreeable  taste,  ob- 
tained from  the  Theobroma  cacao,  or  chocolate 
nut. 

Butter  of  Cocoa,  (F.)  Buerre  de  Coco.  A 
fattj',  concrete  substance,  which  separates  from 
the  milk  of  the  cocoa  nut.  It  is  sweet  and 
agreeable. 

BUTTERBUR,  Tussilago  petasites. 

BUTTERCUPS,  Ranunculus  acris. 

BUTTERFLY-WEED,  Asclepias  tuberosa. 

BUTTERMILK,  (F.)  Babeurre,  Lait  de 
Beurre.  The  thin,  sour  milk,  separated  from  the 
cream  by  churning.  It  contains  caseum  and  a 
little  butter.  It  is  a  refreshing  drink  when 
newly  made. 

BUTTERWORT,  Pinguicola  vulgaris. 

BUTTOCK-HUMP,  Steatopyga. 

BUTTONBUSH,  Cephalanthus  occidentalis. 

BUTTONWOOD  SHRUB,  Cephalanthus  occi- 
dentalis. 

BUTUA,  Pareira  brava. 

BUTYRUM,  Butter  — b.  Amygdalarum  dul- 
cium.  Confection  (almond) — b.  Saturni,  Unguen- 
tum  plumbi  superacetatis  —  b.  Zinci,  Zinci  chlo- 
ridum. 

BUVEUR,  Rectus  internus  oculi. 

BUXTON,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF,  Bux- 
tonien'ses  AqucB.  Buxton  is  a  village  in  JDerby- 
shLre.  The  springs  are  thermal,  and  about  82° 
Fahrenheit.  They  contain  sulphate  of  soda, 
chloride  of  calcium,  chloride  of  sodium,  chloride 
of  magnesium,  carbonate  of  lime,  carbonic  acid, 
and  azote.  They  are  used  in  cases  in  which 
thermal  springs,  in  general,  are  recommended. 
They  contain  little  or  no  mineral  impregnation. 

BUXUS,  Buxus  semjyervi'rens.  The  Box-tree, 
(F.)  Buis  ou  Bouis.  The  leaves  are  bitter  and 
aromatic,  and,  as  such,  have  been  used  in  medi- 
cine, in  cases  of  worms,  dyspepsia,  &c.,  in  the 
form  of  decoction.  They  are  sometimes,  also, 
added  to  beer.  The  seed  was  arwjiently  called 
Carthe'gon. 

BYN'E,  Malt. 

BY'RETHRUM.  A  sort  of  cap  or  Couvrechcf, 
filled  with  cephalic  substances. — Forestus. 

BYRSA,  Pv^aa.  A  leather  skin  to  spread 
plasters  upon. 

BYRSODEP'SICON.  A  tan  stuff,  with  which 
C^Lius  Aurelianus  sprinkled  wool,  which  he 
applied  in  certain  cases  to  the  umbilical  region  : 
from  ^vpaa,  'leather,'  and  Sexpco),  'I  tan.' 

BYRSODSPSICUM  PRINCIPIUM,  Tannin. 

BYSAU'CHEN,  from  jSdw,  'I  stop  up,'  and 
av^iv,  '  the  neck.'  A  morbid  stiffness  of  the 
neck.     One  with  a  short  neck, — Simotraehe'lus. 

BYSSOS,  Vulva. 

BYSSUS,  Byssuni.  The  ancients  gave  this 
name  to  several  vegetable  substances,  which  were 
used  for  the  fabrication  of  stuffs  prized  for  their 
fineness,  colour,  and  rarity  of  material.  It  is 
now  chiefly  applied  to  the  filaments,  by  the  aid 
of  which  the  acephalous  moUusca  attach  their 
shells  to  the  rocks.  Byssus  was  formerly  j^fo 
applied  to  the  female  pudendum. 

BYTHOS,  jiv^o;,  '  depth.'  An  epithet  used  Vf 
Hippocrates  for  the  fundus  of  the  stomach. 


CAA-APIA 


154 


CACHLEX 


c. 


C.  This  letter  in  the  chemical  alphabet  sig- 
nifies nitre.  It  is  also  sometimes  used  in  pre- 
scriptions for  calx. 

CAA-AP'IA,  Dorete'nia  BraziHen'ais  sen  cor- 
difo'Ua  sen  placentoV des  sou  vitel'la.  The  root, 
according  to  Piso,  is  employed  as  emetic  and 
anti-diarrhoeic. 

CAA-ATAY'A.  A  plant  of  Brazil,  supposed 
to  be  a  species  of  gratiola.  It  is  very  bitter, 
and  considered  to  be  one  of  the  best  indigenous 
cathartics. 

CAACICA,  Euphorbia  capitata. 

CAA-GHIYU'YO,  FrtUex  bac'cifer  BraziUen'- 
sis.  A  shrub  of  Brazil,  whose  leaves,  in  powder, 
are  considered  detersive. 

CAAOPIA,  Hypericum  bacciferum. 

CAAPEBA,  Pareira  brava. 

CAAPONGA,  Crithmum  maritimum. 

CAAROBA.  A  Brazilian  tree,  whose  leaves, 
in  decoction,  promote  perspiration.  See  Cera- 
tonia. 

CABAL,  Cah'ala,  Cahal'la,  Cal'bala,  Caba'h'a, 
Kah'ala,  (roSalla.  This  word  is  from  the  He- 
brew, and  signifies  knowledge  transmitted  by 
tradition.  Paracelsus  and  several  authors  of  the 
16th  and  17th  centuries  have  spoken  much  of 
this  species  of  magic,  which  they  distinguished 
into  Judaic  or  theoloc/ian,  and  Hermetic  or  medi- 
cinal;  the  latter  being,  according  to  them,  the 
art  of  knowing  the  most  occult  properties  of 
bodies  by  an  immediate  communication  with 
spirits,  —  the  knowledge  being  thus  acquired  by 
inspiration,  and  incapable  of  inducing  error.  It 
was  also  called  Ai-s  cahalis'tiea,  '  cabalistic  art.' 

CABAL'HAU.  A  plant  of  Mexico,  according 
to  Dalechamps,  which  passes  for  an  antidote  to 
white  hellebore,  and  yet  is  used  for  poisoning 
4,rrows.     It  is  unknown  to  botanists. 

CAB'ALIST,  Cahalia'ta.  One  instructed  in 
5he  Cabal. 

CABALLATION,  Cynoglossum. 

CABARET,  Asarum. 

CABBAGE,  Brassica — c.  Cow,  Nymphsea  odo- 
rata — c.  Irish,  Dracontium  foetidum  —  c.  Skunk, 
Dracontium  foetidum  —  c.  Swamp,  Dracontium 
foetidum — c.  Water,  Nymphsea  odorata — c.  Tree, 
Geoffraea  inermis — c.  Bark  tree,  Geolfraeainermis. 

CABBAGIUM,  Geoffraea  inermis. 

CABUREIBA,  Myroxylon  Peruiferum. 

CABUREICIBA,  see  Myroxylon  Peruiferum. 

CAC^'MIA,  Gachm'mia,  from  Kaxog,  ' bad,' 
and  'aifjia,  'blood.'  A  faulty  or  morbid  condition 
of  the  blood. 

CAC^STHE'SIS,  CaeacBSthe'sis,  Cacoasfhe'- 
eis,  from  Kaico;,  'bad,'  and  aitrdrjcrtg,  'feeling.' 
Morbid  sensation.  Morbid  general  feeling.  In- 
disposition. 

CACAFERRI.  Ferri  subcarbonas. 

CAC'AGOGUE,  Cacago'giis,  from  kokkv,  'ex- 
crement,' and  ayciv,  'to  expel.'  An  ointment, 
composed  of  alum  and  honey ;  which,  when  ap- 
])lied  to  the  anus,  produced  an  evacuation. — 
Paulus  of  J3gina. 

CACALEXITERIA,  Alexiteria. 

CACA'LIA  ANTEUPHOR'BIUM,  Anten- 
pflor'bium.  A  plant,  which  Dodoens  and  others 
considered  to  be  capable  of  tempering  the  caustic 
propertifed  of  euphorbium.  It  is  also  called 
Klein'ia. 

Many  varieties  of  the  Cacalia  are  used,  in  dif- 
ferent countries,  chiefly  as  condiments. 

CA'CAO,  Ca'coa,  Caca'vi,  Qnahoil,  Cacnva'ta. 
The  co«oa  or  chocolate  nut;  fruit  of  Theobro'ma 


Cacao,  Co'coa  Caeavif  era,  Ca'cac  minor  seu 
saii'va,  Cacao  theobro'ma ;  Family,  Malvacea^. 
Sex.  Si/st.  Polydelphia  Pentandria. 

CACATION,  Defecation. 

CACATORIA,  Diarrhoea. 

CAC'ATORY,  Cacato'rius,  from  cacare,  'to  go 
to  stool.'  Febris  cacato'ria  ;  a  kind  of  intermit- 
tent fever,  accompanied  by  copious  alvine  evacua- 
tions.— Sylvius. 

CACAVATA,  Cacao. 

CACAVI,  Cacao,  Jatropha  manihot. 

CACCE,  Excrement. 

CACCION'DE.  A  sort  of  pill,  chiefly  formed 
of  catechu,  recomm.endedby  Bagliviin  dysentery. 

CACEPHEBOTE'SIA,  from  kuko;,  'bad,'  and 
eipe(iorrii,  '  puberty.'  Morbid  puberty.  Disease 
occurring  at  the  period  of  puberty. 

C ACH AN  G-P ARANG.  A  sort  of  bean  of  Su- 
matra, mentioned  by  Marsden,  whose  seeds  are 
given  in  pleurisy.  Jussieu  considers  it  to  be  the 
Mimo'sa.  scandens. 

CACHECTIC,  Cachec'tea,  Cachec'ticiw,  same 
etymon  as  Cachexia.  One  attacked  with  ca- 
chexia. Belonging  to  cachexia.  Cachec'tica 
remed'ia  are  remedies  against  cachexia. 

CACHEN-LAGUEN,  Chironia  Chilensis. 

CACHEX'IA,  froin  KaKog,  'bad,'  and  'efjj, 
'habit.'  Status  cachec'ticua,  Cachexy,  Dysthe'ais, 
(F.)  Cachexie.  A  condition  in  which  the  body 
is  evidently  depraved.  A  bad  habit  of  body, 
chiefly  the  result  of  scorbutic,  cancerous,  or  ve- 
nereal diseases  when  in  their  last  stage.  Hence 
we  hear  of  a  Scorbutic  Cachexia,  Cancerona  Ca- 
chexia, &c.  Sauvages  and  CuUen  have  included 
under  this  head  a  number  of  diseases— consump- 
tions, dropsies,  &c.  Cachexia  has  been  some- 
times confounded  with  diathesis.  Cachexia  Ic- 
ter'ica  is  jaundice  or  icterus  itself,  or  a  disposition 
thereto.  Fluor  albus  is  sometimes  called  Ca- 
chexia Uterina. 

Cachexia  Africana,  Chthonophagia — c.  Cal- 
culosa,  Lithia  —  c.  Cancerous,  see  Cancer  —  e. 
Chlorotic,  Chlorosis  —  c.  Dysthetica,  Dyscrasia — 
c.  Icterica,  Icterus  —  c.  Lymphatica  farciminosa, 
see  Equinia. 

Cachexia  Londinen'sis.  The  paleness  and 
other  evidences  of  impaired  health  presented  by 
the  inhabitants  of  London.  A  similar  cachexia  is 
seen  in  those  of  other  crowded  cities. 

Cachexia,  Marsh,  (F.)  Cachexie  pahtdeenne. 
The  state  of  cachexy  observed  in  malarious  dis- 
tricts. 

Cachexia  Saturnine,  Saturnismus. 

Cachexia,  Scorbutic,  see  Purpura  —  c.  Scro- 
phulosa.  Scrofula. 

Cachexia  Sple'nica.  The  state  of  scorbutic 
cachexia,  which  often  accompanies  diseases,  es- 
pecially enlargement  of  the  spleen,  Splenal'gia 
Benc/alen'aia,  in  India. 

Cachexia  Venerea,  Sj'philis — c.  Venous,  Ve- 
nosity — c.  Virginum,  Chlorosis. 

CACHEXIE,  Cachexia  —  c.  Paludeenne,  Cjt- 
chexia,  marsh. 

CACHEXY,  Cachexia. 

CACHIBOU,  see  Bursera  gummifera. 

CACHINLAGUA,  Chironia  chilensis. 

CACHINNA'TIO,  from  cachinno,  'I  laugh 
aloud.'  A  tendency  to  immoderate  laughter,  as 
in  some  hysterical  and  maniacal  afi"ections. 

CACHIRI.  A  fermented  liquor  made,  in  Cay- 
enne, from  a  decoction  of  the  rasped  root  of  the 
manioc.     It  resembles  perry. 

CACHLEX.     A  small  stone  or  pebble,  found 


CAOHOS 


155 


CADAVEKOUS 


on  the  sea  shore.  One  of  these,  -when  heated  in 
the  fire,  and  cooled  in  whey,  communicates  an 
astringency  to  the  liquid,  so  that  it  was  anciently 
esteemed  to  be  useful  in  dysentery. — Galen. 

CACHOS.  An  oriental  fruit,  apparently  of  a 
Solanum,  which  is  esteemed  lithontriptic. 

CAGHOU,  Catechu. 

CACIIRYS  LIBANO'TIS.  An  umbelliferous 
plant  which  gi-ows  in  Africa  and  the  South  of 
Europe.  It  is  aromatic  and  astringent.  Its  seeds 
ai'e  extremely  acrid. 

Cachrys  M.VRiTiJfA,  Crithmum  maritimum. 

CACHUN'DE.  An  Indian  troch  or  pastile 
composed  of  amber,  mastic,  musk,  cinnamon, 
allies,  rhubarb,  galanga,  petu-ls,  i-ubies,  emeralds, 
garnets,  &c.  It  is  regarded  by  the  people  of  In- 
dia as  an  antidote,  stomachic  and  antispasmodic. 

CACO,  KUKo,  properly  only  au  abbreviation  of 
KUKoq.  In  composition  it  means  something  de- 
fective ;  as  in  the  following  words. 

CACO^STHESIS,  CacKsthesis. 

CACO-ALEXITERIA,  Alexipharmic. 

CACOCHO'LIA,  from  KaKoq,  'bad,'  and  x°^^> 
'  bUe.'  Diseases  induced  by  a  depraved  condition 
of  the  bile. 

CACOCHROI,  Cac'ochri,  from  Kaxo;,  'bad,' 
and  XP'"^>  '  colour.'  Diseases  in  which  the  com- 
plexion is  morbidly  changed  in  colour. 

CACOCHYL'IA,  from  /caxof,  'bad,'  and  ;^uXoy, 
'chyle.'     Depraved  chylification. 

CACOCHYM'IA,  Kalcochym'ia,  Om-mp'tw 
Hunio'rum,  from  kokoj,  '  bad,'  and  ;^!'//oy,  'juice,' 
'humour.'  Cacoch'ymy.  Depravation  of  the 
humours. 

Cacochymia  PLrJiBEA,  Lead  poisoning — c. 
Scorbutica,  see  Puj'pura — c.  Scrophulosa,  Scro- 
fula—  c.  Venerea,  Syphilis. 

CACOCH'YMUS,  Oacochym'icus.  One  attacked 
with  cacochymia.     Belonging  to  cacochymia. 

CACOCNE'MUS,  Cacocne'micus,  Malis  suria 
prcBcli'tm /  from  kuko;,  'bad,'  and  kvyijiti,  'the 
leg.'     One  who  has  bad  legs. 

CACOCORE'MA,  from  KaKo?,  'bad,'  and  Koptw, 
'I  purge,  or  cleanse.'  A  medicine  which  purges 
off  the  vitiated  humours. 

CACOD^'MON,  from  kuko;,  'bad,'  and  Saifitav, 
'  a  spirit.'  An  evil  spirit,  to  which  were  ascinbed 
many  disorders.     The  nightmare. 

CACO'DES,  from  KUKog,  'bad,'  and  o^eiv,  'to 
smell,' — male  olens.  Having  a  bad  smell;  Caco'- 
dia,  Gacos'mia. 

CACODIA,  see  Cacodes. 

CACOETHES,  Cacoeth'iova,  from  KaKog,  'bad,' 
and  eSoy,  'disposition,  habit,'  &c.  Of  a  bad  or 
vitiated  character,  as  nlcus  caeoe'thea,  an  ulcer 
of  a  malignant  character. 

CACOETHICUS,  Caeoethes. 

CACOGALAC'TIA,  Gacoga'lia,  from  KaKoq, 
'bad,'  and  yaXa,  gen.  yaAoxroy,  'milk.'  A  bad 
condition  of  the  milk. 

CACOGALAC'TICA,  same  etymon  as  the  last. 
One  who  suffers  from  a  bad  condition  of  the  mUk. 

CACOGALIA,  Cacogalactia. 

CACOGEN'ESIS,  from  kuko;,  'bad,'  and  ytvs- 
aii,  'generation.'     A  morbid  formation. 

GACOMORPHIA,  Deformation. 

CACOMORPHOSIS,  Deformation. 

CACOPATHrA,  Paa'sio  Mala,  from  Kaxog, 
'  bad,'  and  iraSos,  '  affection.'  A  distressed  state 
of  mind. — Hippocrates. 

CACOPHO'NIA,  from  KaKog,  'bad,'  and  0a)v»7, 
'  voice,'  vitia'ta  vox.  A  dissonant  condition  of 
voice. 

CACOPLAS'TIC,  Cacoplaa'ticm,  Bysplaamat'- 
ic  ;  from  koko?,  '  bad,'  and  TrAao-o-dj,  '  I  form.'  Sus- 
ceptible of  only  a  low  degree  of  organization,  as 
the  indurations  resulting  from  low  or  chronic 
iaflammation,  fibro-cartilagCj  cirrhosis,  &c. 


CACOPRA'GIA,  Cacoprax  in.  from  itmcn, 
'bad,'  and  Trparru),  'I  perform.'  Depraved  con- 
dition of  the  organic  functions. 

CACOPRAXIS,  Cacopragia. 

CACORRHACIII'TIS,  from  naKog,  'bad,' and 
pa^ti,  'the  spine.'  Cacor'rhacliis,  CacorhacMs, 
Gdcorhaclii'tia,  Spondylal' cjia.  Deformity  of  the 
spine.  Disease  of  the  spine.  Spontaneous  luxa- 
tion of  the  vertebrse  and  ribs  dependent  upon 
internal  causes. 

CACORRHYTH'MUS,  Arrhyth'mus,  from  Ka-- 
Kog,  'bad,'  and  pvS/ios,  'rhythm,'  'order.'  Irre- 
gTilar. 

CACO'SIS.  3Ma  diKposit"io,  (F.)  Vice.  A 
bad  condition  of  body. — Hippocrates.  A  diseased 
condition  in  general. 

CACOSIT'lA,  from  KaKo;,  'bad,'  and  aniov, 
'aliment.'  Disgust  or  aversion  for  food  —  Fas. 
tid'iim  ciho'riim. 

CACOSMIA,  see  Cacodes. 

CACOSOMI'UM,  from  xaKog,  'bad,'  and  ouiyia, 
'  the  body.'  An  hospital  for  leprosy,  and  incura- 
ble affections  in  general. 

CACOSPERMA'SIA,  Gacosperma' tia,  Cacos- 
per'mia,  from  KaKog,  'bad,'  and  crrcp/ia,  'sperm.' 
A  bad  condition  of  the  sperm. 

CACOSPHYX'IA,    from     icaKog,    'bad,'    and  • 
(T0ufi;,  'pulse.'  —  Vitio'aua p>ul'8us.     Bad  state  of 
pulse. — Galen. 

CACOSPLANCH'NIA,  from  xoKog,  'bad,'  and 
airXayxyov,  '  a  viscus.'  Indigestion.  The  ema- 
ciation dependent  upon  imperfect  digestion.  — 
Siebenhaar. 

CACOSTOM'ACHUS,  from  ra/coy,  'bad,'  and 
oTo/iaY"?,    '  the  stomach.'     What  disagrees  with 
the  stomach.     Indigestible. — Gorrseus. 
_  CACOSTOMATOSPHRESIA,   Breath,    offen- 
sive. 

CACOS'TOMUS,  from  xaxog,  'bad,'  and  cToiia, 
'a  mouth.'     Having  a  bad  mouth. 

CACOTHYM'IA,  Vit'ium  Ait'imi,  from  KUKog, 
'  bad,'  and  Svfios,  '  mind,'  '  disposition.'  A  vitioua 
state  of  mind. — Linden. 

CACOTRIBULUS,  Centaurea  calcitrapa. 

CACOTRICH'IA,  from  KaKog,  'bad,'  and  %i|, 
Tpixo;,  'hair.'     Disease  of  the  hair. 

CACOTROPH'IA,  from  KaKog,  'bad,'  and  rpot}:^,. 
'nutrition.' — Vitio'aa  nutrit"io ; — disordered  nu- 
trition.— Galen. 

OAGOU,  Cagot,  Catechu. 

CACOU'CIA  COCCIN'EA,  Couchi'ea,  Ooc 
cin'ea,  Schouaha'a  cocoin'ea,  Tikimma.  A  peren- 
nial twining  shrub  of  South  America,  the  plant 
of  which,  as  well  as  the  fruit,  is  possessed  of 
emeto-cathartic  properties. 

CAGTIER,  Cactus  opuntia. 

CACTUS  OPUN'TIA,  Opun'Ma.  The  Indian 
Fig,  (F.)  Gactier,  Raquette,  Figuier  d'Inde.  This 
plant  grows  in  South  America,  Spain,  Italy,  <tc 
Its  fruit,  which  has  the  shape  of  the  fig,  is  of  a 
sweetish  taste,  and  colours  the  urine  red  when 
eaten.     Its  leaves  are  considered  refrigerant. 

The  fruits  of  different  species  of  cactus  are 
called  Tunaa, 

CADA'BA,  Stroe'm,ia.  A  genus  of  the  family 
GappaHdecB,  natives  of  India  and  Arabia.  The 
young  shoots  of  the  Gada'ha  farino' aa  are  consi- 
dered to  be  an  antidote  against  venomous  bites. 

CADA'VER,  Ptoma,  Necron.  A  dead  body  ; 
a,  aubject ;  a  carcass,  (F.)  Gadavre.  The  word 
has  been  supposed  to  come  from  cado,  '  I  fall : 
and  by  some  to  be  a  contraction  from  caro  da*a 
vermtbus,  'flesh  given  to  the  worms.'  (?) 

CADAVEROUS,  Cadav'erie,  Gadavero'sfis, 
Neero'des,  (F.)  Gadavireux.  Belonging  to  the 
dead  body ;  as  cadaverous  smell.  The  Gadav. 
erous  or  Hippocrat'ic  face  (see  Face,)  is  ah  ut- 


CADDY  INSECT 


156 


caf£ 


favouraMe  sigu  in  disease,  and  generally  denotes 
a  fatal  termination. 

Cadav'erous  or  Cadav'eric  Hyperje'iiia. 
Thie  hypostatic  hyperasmia  observed  in  depend- 
uig  parts  of  the  dead  body. 

CADDY  INSECT,  see  Ectozoa. 

CADE,  Juniperus  oxycedrus. 

CADEJI-INDI,  Malabathrum. 

CADEL-AVANACU,  Croton  tiglium. 

CAD  I  A.  An  Egyptian,  leguminous  plant. 
The  Arabs  attribute  to  its  fresh  leaves  the  power 
of  relieving  colic. 

CADIVA  INSANIA,  Epilepsy. 

CADMIA,  Calamina,  Tutia. 

CADMI'I  SULPHAS,  Cadmi'itm  suljihu'ricum, 
Sulphas  Cadmi'cus,  Ileli'ni  Stiljjhas,  Klapro'thii 
Sulphas,  Klapro'thium  Sidjihu'ricum,  Melinum 
Siilphu'ricum,  Sulphate  of  Gadmium.  Used  in 
spots  on  the  cornea,  and  in  chronic  torpid  inflam- 
mation of  the  conjunctiva,  in  the  quantity  of  half 
a  grain  to  a  grain  to  the  ounce  of  water. 

CADMIUM  SULPHURICUM,  Cadmii  Sul- 
phas. 

CADTCHU,  Catechu. 

CADUCA  HUNTERI,  Decidua  — c.  Passio. 
Epilepsy. 

CADU'CITY,  Imbecil'litae,  BeUl'itas,  Cadu'- 
eitas,  from  cadere,  'to  fall.'  The  French  use  the 
word  Caducite  for  the  portion  of  human  life  which 
is  comprised  generally  between  70  and  80  years. 
The  age  which  precedes  decrepitude.  It  is  so 
termed  in  consequence  of  the  limbs  not  usually 
possessing  sufiBcient  strength  to  support  the  body. 
The  precise  age  must  of  course  vary  in  indi- 
viduals. 

CADUQUE,  Decidua  membrana — e. Rejl&chie, 
see  Decidua  membrana — c.  Vraie,  Decidua  mem- 
brana. 

CADURCUS,  Vulva. 

CADUS,  Ka&oi.  A  Greek  measure  equal  to  ten 
gallons  English. — Pliny.     Amphora. 

CiECA,  FORAM'INA  (ANTERIUS  ET  POS- 
TERIUS)  are  situate  at  the  fore  and  back  parts 
of  the  tuber  annulare  of  the  brain,  and  at  the 
extremities  of  the  depression  made  by  the  verte- 
bral artery.  The  former  is  placed  between  the 
nerves  of  the  third ;  and  the  latter  between  those 
of  the  sixth  pair. 

CMCM  H^MORRHOi'DES,  Blind  Piles, 
(F.)  Hemorrhoides  aveugles,  are  those  unaccom- 
panied by  any  discharge. 

C^CAL,  CcBca'lis.  Belonging  to  the  caecum, 
from  ccBcus,  '  blind,  hidden.'  The  Cceoal  arteries 
and  veins  are  the  branches  of  the  Arteries  et  vencB 
coliccB  dextrcB  inferiores,  distributed  to  the  caecum. 

CiECATRIX,  Cicatrix. 

CJS'CITAS,  Gce'citas,  Cacitu'do,  Ahlep'sia, 
ObcdBca'tio,  OccoBca'tio,  Anap.'sia,  Ty'phlotes, 
Typhlo'sis,  Blindness,  (F.)  Aveuglement,  Cecite, 
Perte  de  la  vue.  Cfficitas  may  be  dependent  upon 
many  different  diseases,  —  as  upon  amai^rosis, 
specks,  hypopyon,  cataract,  glaucoma,  ophthal- 
mia, atrophy  of  the  eye,  &o. 

C^ciTAS    Crepuscularis,    Hemeralopia  —  c. 
Diurna,  Nyctalopia  —  c.  Nocturna,  Hemeralopia. 
CiECITUDO,  Csecitas. 

CJBCUM,  Oacum,  Intesti'num  cmcum,  Monom'- 
achon,  Ifonom' acum,  Monoco'lon,  Monocu'him,, 
Typhlo'teron  monoco'lon,  Typhlot' emm,  Typhlo- 
en'terum,  Init"itcm  intesti'ni  crassi,  Saccus  Intes- 
tiiii  crassi  seu  Goli,  Ctncum  Gaput  coli,  Caput  coli, 
Prima  cella  coli,  InWium  extu'berans  coli,  from 
emeus,  'blind.'  The  Blind  Gut,  so  called  from 
its  being  perforated  at  one  end  only.  That  por- 
tion of  the  intestinal  canal  which  is  seated  be- 
tween the  termination  of  the  ileum  and  com- 
mencement of  the  colon;  and  which  fills,  almost 
wholly,  the  rigiit  iliae  fossa;  where  the  perito- 


neum retains  it  immovably.  Its  length  is  about 
three  or  four  fingers'  breadth.  The  Meo-ceecal 
valve  or  Valve  of  Bauhin  shuts  off  all  communi- 
cation between  it  and  the  ileum ;  and  the  Appen- 
dix vermiformis  cmci  is  attached  to  it. 

C^cuM  Fora'men  of  the  frontal  bone  is  a  small 
cavity  at  the  inferior  extremity  of  the  internal 
coronal  crest  or  crista.  —  Fronto-ethmoidal  fora- 
men, (F.)  Trou  aveugle  ou  horgne.  Morgagni  has 
given  the  same  name  to  the  small  cavity  in  the 
middle  of  the  upper  surface  of  the  tongue,  near 
its  base ;  the  sides  of  which  are  furnished  with 
mucous  follicles — Lacune  de  la  langue — (Ch.) 

C^cuM,  Phlegmonous  Tumour  of  the,  Ty- 
phlo-enteritis. 

C^CUS.  'Blind.'  One  deprived  of  sight, 
Typhlops,  (F.)  Aveugle,  Borgne.  In  anatomy,  it 
is  used  to  designate  certain  holes  or  cavities, 
which  end  in  a-  cul-de-sac ;  or  have  only  one 
opening. 

Blind  Ducts  of  the  Ure'thra,  (F.)  Gonduita 
aveugles  de  I'urethre,  are  the  Mucous  Lacu'nas 
of  the  Ure'thra. 

e^LA-DOLO,  Torenia  Asiatica. 

CiEMENTUM,  Lute. 

CiERULEUM  BEROLINENSE,  Prussian 
blue — c.  Borussicum,  Prussian  blue. 

C^RULOSIS  NEONATORUM,  Cyanopathy. 

CiESALPI'NIA,  GcBsalpi'nia  sappan,  Sappan 
or  Sampfen  loood,  (F.)  Bresillet,  Bois  de  Sapipan. 
A  small  Siamese  tree,  the  wood  of  which  is  used 
in  decoction,  in  cases  of  contv  sion. 

Brazil  wood,  Pernamhuco  or  Pernamhuco  tcood, 
formerly  used  as  an  astringent,  is  the  wood  of 
CjESALpin'ia  Echina'ta.  This  is  the  proper 
Brazil  wood ;  but  another  variety  in  commerce  is 
the  Brasiletto,  from  GcBsalpinia  Brasiliensis,  and 
G.  crista,  which  grow  in  the  West  Indies. 

The  Nicaragua  or  Peach-icood  is  analogous  to 
this,  and  is  said  to  be  derived  from  a  species  of 
Ca3salpinia. 

The  kernel  of  C^salpin'ia  Bonducell'a,  the 
seed  of  which  is  called  in  India  Kuthideja  and 
Kutoo  Kurunja,  is  given  as  a  febrifuge  tonic. 
Dose,  ten  grains. 

C^SA'REAN  SECTION,  GtBsa'rean  opera'- 
tion,  Tomotoc'ia,  Gasa'rea  sectio,  Partus  ccBsa'- 
reus,  Opera' tio  ccBsa'rea,  Metrotom'ia,  (F.)  Ope- 
ration Gesarienne,  from  cadere,  'to  cut.'  An 
incision  made  through  the  parietes  of  the  abdo- 
men and  uterus  to  extract  the  foetus.  In  this 
manner,  Julius  Caesar  is  said  to  have  been  ex- 
tracted.— Pliny,  It  is  also  called  Hysterotom'ia, 
Hysterotomotoc'ia,  Gastrometrotom'ia,  Gasterhys- 
terot'omy,  Gastrometrot'ome,  Gastrohysterot'omy, 
(F.)  Operation  Gesarienne.  An  incision  has  been 
made  into  the  uterus  through  the  vagina,  consti- 
tuting the  Vaginal  Gcesarean  Section,  Gastrely- 
trotom'ia,  Gastrocolpotom'ia,  Laparacolpototn'ia, 
Laparoelytrotom'ia,  (F.)  Operation  c&sarienne 
vaginale.  The  Caesarean  section  may  bo  re- 
quired when  the  mother  dies  before  delivery ; — 
when  there  is  some  invincible  obstacle  to  delivery 
from  the  faulty  conformation  of  the  pelvis;  or 
when  the  child  has  passed  into  the  abdominal 
cavity  in  consequence  of  rupture  of  the  uterus. 

CESARIES,  Capillus. 

C^SIUS,  Glaucoma. 

CiE'SONES,  Ga'sares.  Children  brought  into 
the  world  by  the  Cassarean  operation. 

C^SU'LIu^.     They  who  have  gray  eyes. 

C^SURA,  Cut. 

C^TCHU,  Catechu. 

CAF,  Camphor. 

CAFAL,  Agrimony. 

CAFAR,  Camphor. 

CAFE,  Coffea. 


CAFE 


157 


CALAMUS 


CAFE  A  LA  SULTANE.  This  name  has 
been  given  co  an  infusion  or  decoction  of  the 
ground  coques  or  pericarps  which  surround  the 
coffee.    ^ 

CAFE  CITRIN.  The  aqueous  infusion  of 
unroasted  coffee,  so  called  on  account  of  its  yel- 
lowish tint. 

CAFEYEB,  Coffea  Arabica. 
CAFF  A,  Camphor. 
CAFIER,  Coffea  Arabica. 
CAFUR,  Camphor. 

CAGAS'TRUM.     The  principal  or  germ  of 
diseases  which  are  communicable.— Paracelsus. 
GAONEUX,  Cagot.     See  Kyllosis. 
CAGOSANGA,  Ipecacuanha. 
GAGOTS,  (F.)   A  name  given  to  deformed  and 
miserable  beings,  met  with  in  the  Pyrenees,  Bern, 
and  Upper  Gascouy,  in  France,  where  they  are 
also  called  Gapots.     In  other  districts  they  are 
called  Gezits,   Gezitains,  Oretins,  Gahets,  Capons, 
Coliberts,  Gacotis,  Gagneiix,  <fcc.    See  Greti7i.    The 
word  Gacjot  is  supposed  to  be  an  abbreviation  of 
Oam'a  Gutlius,  '  Dog  of  a  Goth.' 
CAGUE-SANGUB,  Gaquesangue. 
CAHIjSTC^  radix,  Cainca3  radix. 
CAI'EPUT  OIL,   Gafepat  oil,  Kyapvt'Uj,  Ca- 
jupu'ti  O'leum.     The  volatile  oil  of  the  leaves  of 
Melaleu'ca  Cajaini'ti,  a  native  of  the  Moluccas. 
The  oil  has  a  strong,  fragrant  smell,  like  cam- 
phor ;  taste  pungent  and  aromatic.     It  is  stimu- 
lant, and  useful  where  the  essential  oils  in  general 
are  employed.     It  has  also  been  called  Oil  of 
Witneben,  from  the  person  who  first  distilled  it. 
OAILLE,  Tetrao  coturnix. 
CAILLEAU,  Lantana. 
GAILLE,  Curds. 

GAILLELAIT  BLANC,  Galium  mollugo— c. 
Vraie,  Galium  verum. 
GAILLOT,  Coagulum. 
CAINAN^  RADIX,  Caincte  radix. 
CAiN'C^  RADIX,  Radix  Chioeoc'ccB,  R. 
Caina'ncB    seu  Caninanm    seu  CaJiincce  seu  Ka- 
hinccB  ieuSerpenta'ricBBrazilien'sis,  Gainca Root. 
The  bark  of  the  roots  of  Chiococc'a  anguif'uga, 
Gh.  densifo'lia,   and,  perhaps,   Ch.  racemo'sn,  a 
plant  of  the  Family  Rubiaoese.     Sex.  Syst.  Pen- 
tandria  Monogynia,  of  Linnaeus.      It  is   bitter, 
tonic,  and  diuretic,  but  has  not  been  long  intro- 
duced.    Dose  of  the  powder,  from  ^j  to  ^ss. 

Dr.  John  H.  Griscom,  of  New  York,  considers 
there  is  a  remarkable  analogy  between  the  Cain- 
ca  and  the  Apoeynum  canna.hinum. 
CAINITO,  Chrysophyllum  Cainito. 
CAIPA  SCHORA.  A  cucurbitaceous  Malabar 
plant,  the  fruit  af  which  has  a  pyriform  shape. 
The  juice  is  drunk  in  that  country  for  the  pur- 
pose of  arresting  hiccough.  The  fruit,  when 
unripe,  is  emetic. 

CAlSSE,  Case — c.  du  Tambour,  Tympanum. 
CAITCHU,  Catechu, 
CAJAN,  Phaseolus  creticus. 
CAJUPUTL  Cajeput. 

CAKES,  AVORM,  STORY'S.  These  were 
composed  of  calomel  and  jacap,  madt5  inco  es^kes, 
and  coloured  with  cinnabar. 

CALABASH  TREE,  NARROW-LEAVED, 
Creseentia  Cnjete. 

CALADIUM  ESCULENTUM,  Aram  eseu- 
lentuni. 

CALAF,  Salix  ^gyptiaca.  A  large-leaved 
Egyptian  willow,  called,  also.  Ban.  The  dis- 
tilled water  of  the  flowers,  called  Macahalef, 
passes,  in  that  country,  for  an  excellent  ant- 
aphrodisiac.  It  is  also  used  as  an  antiloimic, 
antiseptic,  and  cordial. 

CALAGUALA,  see  Calagual^  radix. 
CALAGERI,  Vernonia  anthelmintica. 
CALAGIRAH,  Vernonia  anthelmintica. 


CALAGUA'L^  RADIX,  Calague'lai  Radix. 
The  root  of  Polypo'dium  Calagua'la  seu  adianti- 
for'me  seu  coria'ceum  seu  ammifo'lium  seu  ar- 
gen'tenm  seu  poVitum,  Aspid'inm  coria'ceum  seu 
ferrvgin'eum  seu  dis'color,  Tecta'ria  ealalniaJa 
seu  ferrugin'ea,  Galaguala,  GalaJmala.  It  has 
been  exhibited  in  Italy  in  dropsy,  pleurisy,  con- 
tusions, abscesses,  <fcc.  Its  properties  are  not, 
however,  clear. 

CALAHUALA,  see  Calagualse  radix. 
CALAMANDRINA,  Teucrium  cham^drys. 
CALAMBAC,  Agallochum. 
CALAMBOUK,  Agallochum 
CALAME'DON,  from  «aXa//oj,  'a  reed.'     Thia 
word  has  had  various  significations.     Some  have 
used  it  for  an  oblique  fracture  of  a  bone;  the 
fractured  portions  having  the  shape  of  the  nib 
of  a  pen.     Others  have  used  it  for  a  longitudinal 
fracture ;  and  others,  again,  for  one  that  is  com- 
minuted. 

CALAMI'NA,  Gal' amine,  from  calamus,  'a 
reed,'  so  called  from  its  reed-like  appearance. 
Cadmi'a,  Gathmir,  Gadmi'a  lapiido'sa  aero'sa, 
Cadmi'a  Foa'silis,  Lapis  Aero'sus,  Calim'ia,  La- 
pis Galami.Ha'ris,  Calamina'ris,  Gar'bonas  Zirtei 
iinpu'rus,  (F.)  Pierre  calaminaire.  Native  im- 
pure carbonate  of  zinc.  Calamine  is  chiefly  used 
for  pharmaceutical  purposes  in  the  form  of  the 
Calamixa  pr^para'ta,  Lapis  Calamina'ris pra- 
piara'tus,  Gar'bonas  zinci  impu'riis  prapiara'tus, 
Zinci  car'bonas prtspiara'tus, Prepared  Oalamine; 
— Calamine  reduced  to  an  impalpable  powder  by 
roasting  and  levigation.  In  this  state  it  is 
sprinkled  or  dusted  on  excoriated  parts,  or  to 
prevent  excoriation,  &c. 

CALAMINARIS,  Calamina. 
CALAMINT,  Melissa  Calamintha  — e.  Field, 
Melissa  nepeta — c.  Mountain,  Melissa  grandiflora 
— c.  Spotted,  Melissa  nepeta. 

CALAMINTA  HUMILIOR,  Gleeoma  hede- 
racea. 

CALAMINTHA,  Melissa  C— c.  Angliea,  Me- 
lissa  nepeta — c.  Erecta  Virginiana,  Cunila  Mari- 
ana —  c.  Hederacea,  Glechoma  hederacea  —  c 
Magno  flore,  Melissa  grandiflora  —  c.  Montana, 
Melissa  grandiflora — c.  Nepeta,  Melissa  nepeta — 
c.  Parviflora,  Melissa  nepeta  —  e.  Pulegii  odore, 
Melissa  nepeta — c.  Triehotoma,  Melissa  nepeta. 

CAL'AMUS,  /raAa//of,  'the  reed.'  In  the  Phar- 
macopoeia of  the  U.  S.  the  rhizoma  of  acorua 
calamus. 

Calamus  Alexandri'nus.  Celsus  has  thus 
called  a  medicine,  which  was  long  confounded 
with  Calamus  Aromnticus.  It  is  not  a  root, 
however,  but  the  stalk  of  a  plant  of  India  and 
Egypt,  probably  the  Andropo'gon  Nardus.  It 
entered  into  the  theriaca,  and  has  been  regarded 
as  antihysteric  and  emmenagogue ;  —  Calamus 
aromaticus  verus. 

Calamus  Aromaticus,  Acorus  calamus  —  c 
Aromaticus  verus,  Calamus  Alexandriniis  —  c, 
Draco,  C.  rotang  —  c.  Indicus,  see  Saccharum  — 
c.  Odoratus,  Acorus  calamus,  Juncus  odoratus. 

Calamus  Rotang,  C.  Draco.  The  systematic 
name  of  a  plant,  whence  Dragon's  Blood-,  San- 
guis Draco'nia,  Cinnab'uris  Graco'rum,  Dracon- 
thcs'ma,  (F.)  Sang-Dragon,  is  procured.  It  i» 
the  red,  resinous  juice,  obtained,  in  India,  from 
wounding  the  bark  of  the  Calamus  Rotang.  It 
has  been  used  as  an  astringent  in  hemorrhages, 
&c.  I  but  is  now  rarely  employed. 

Calamus  Scripto'rius,  Anag'lyphe,  'a  writing 
pen,'  (F.)  Fossette  angulaire  du  quatrieme  ven- 
tricule.  A  small,  angular  cavity,  situate  at  the 
superior  extremity  of  the  medulla,  in  the  fourth 
ventricle  of  the  brain,  which  has  been,  by  some 
supposed  to  resemble  a  pen. 
Calamus  Vulgaris,  Acorus  calamus. 


CALAPPITE 


153 


CALCIS  BICHL0RURETU3t 


CALAPPITE.  Rumphius  has  given  this  name 
to  calculous  concretions,  found  in  the  interior  of 
certain  cocoa  nuts.  The  cocoa  tree  itself  the  Ma- 
lays call  Calappa.  These  stones  are,  likewise, 
termed  Vegetabls  Bezoards.  The  Malays  attri- 
bute potent  virtues  to  them,  and  wear  them  as 
amulets. 

CALASAYA,  Cinehonse  cordifolise  cortex, 
CALBALA,  Cabal. 

CALBIA'NUM.  The  name  of  a  plaster  in 
Myrepsus,  the  composition  of  which  we  know 
not. 

CALCADINUM,  Ferri  sulphas. 
GALCAIRE,  Calcareous. 

CALCA'NEAL,  Calca'neua,  from  calx,  'the 
heel.'  Having  relation  to  the  calcaneum,  as 
'  calcaneal  arteries.' 

CALCANEO-PHALANGIEN  DU  PETIT 
OETEIL,  Abductor  minimi  digiti  pedis — c.  Pha- 
lamiinien  commun,  Extensor  brevis  digitorum 
pedis  —  c.  SoHs-2}halangettien  commun.  Flexor 
brevis  digitorum  pedis  —  c.  Soue-Phalanginien 
commun,  Flexor  brevis  digitorum  pedis — c.  Soun- 
2)halangien  du  petit  orteil,  see  Abductor  minimi 
digiti  pedis  —  c.  Sus-phalangettien  commun,  Ex- 
tensor brevis  digitorum  pedis. 

CALCA'NEUM,  from  calx,  'the  heel.'  Calca'- 
neus,  Calcar,  Cul'cia,  lehnus,  Os  Calcis,  Pterna, 
Pter'nium.  The  largest  of  the  tarsal  bones  :  that 
which  forms  the  heel.  It  is  situate  at  the  poste- 
rior and  inferior  part  of  the  foot ;  is  articulated 
above  and  a  little  anteriorly  with  the  astragalus; 
anteriorly,  also,  with  the  os  euboides.  Its  poste- 
rior surface, — called  Heel,  Talus,  Calx,  (F.)  Ta- 
lon,— gives  attachment  to  the  tendo-achillis  :  the 
lower  has,  posteriorly,  two  tuberosities,  to  which 
the  superficial  muscles  of  the  sole  of  the  foot  are 
attached.  The  small  Apoph'ysis  or  lateral  Apoph- 
ysis of  the  Calca'nenm,  (F.)  Petit  Apopiliyse  ou 
Apophyse  laterale  du  Calcaneum,  is  a  projection 
at  the  upper  surfa,ce  of  this  bone,  on  which  is 
formed  the  posterior  portion  of  the  cavity  that 
receives  the  astragalus.  The  great  Apioph'ysis, 
anterior  Ap>oph'ysis  of  the  Calca'nenm,  is  the 
projection  which  corresponds,  on  one  side,  with 
the  euboides ;  and  on  the  other  forms  the  ante- 
rior part  of  the  facette  which  receives  the  astra- 
galus. 

CALCANTHON,  Atramentum. 
CALCAPl,  Calcaneum,  Ergot — c.  Avis,  Hippo- 
campus minor. 

CALCA'REOUS,  Calca'reus,  Calca'rius,-  from 
calx,  'lime.'  (F.)  Calcaire.  Containing  lime  : — 
as  calcareous  concretions,  0.  depositions,  &c. 
CALCAREUS  CARBONAS,  Creta. 
CALCARIA  CHLORATA,  Calcis  chloridum 
— c.  Chlorica,  Calcis  chloridum — c.  Phosphorica, 
see  Cornu  cervi — c.  Pura,  Calx — c.  Pura  liquida, 
Liquor  calcis. 

CALCARIA  CHLORUM,  Calcis  chloridum. 
CALCATOR,  Ferri  sulphas. 
CALCATREPPOLA,  Centaurea  calcitrapa. 
CALCE'NA,  CALCE'NON,  CALCENO'NIA, 
CALCIMO'NIA.     AVords  employed  by  Paracel- 
sus to  designate  the  concretions  of  tartrate  of 
lime  which  form  in  the  human  body. 
CALCENOS,  Calcetus. 

CALCEOLA'RIA,  from  calceolus,  'a  small 
slipper;'  Slipipertcort. 

Calcf.ola'eia  Primata  is  used  in  Peru  as  a 
laxative. 

Calceola'ria  Trif'ida  is  esteemed  to  be  febri- 
fuge 

CALCE'TUS,  Calceno'nius,  Calce'nos.  That 
which  aDounds  in  tartrate  of  lime.  An  adjective 
used  by  Paracelsus  in  speaking  of  the  blood; 
Sanguis  calce'tus.  Hence  came  the  expression 
Cnlci7ied  Irk^od,  So.ng  calcini. 


CALCEUM  EQUINUM,  Tussilago. 
CALCHOIDEA,  (OS.)     Cuneiform  bone. 
CALCIA,  Calcaneum. 
CALCIGEROUS  CELL,  see  Tooth. 
CALCIG'RADUS,  PtemoVates,  from  calx, 
TTTtpva,  'the  heel,'  and  fiaiviii,  'I  walk.'     One  who 
walks  on  his  heels. — Hippocrates. 

CALCII  CHLORURETUM,  Calcis  murias— c. 
Oxychloruretum,  Calcis  chloridum  —  c.  Oxydum, 
Calx  viva — c.  Protochloruretum,  Calcis  chloridum. 
CALCINA'TION,  Calcina'tio,  Calci'non,  Con- 
crema'tio,  from  calx,  'lime.'  The  act  of  submit- 
ting to  a  strong  heat  any  infusible  mineral  sub- 
stance, which  we  are  desirous  of  depriving  either 
of  its  water,  or  of  any  other  volatilizable  sub- 
stance, that  enters  into  its  composition  ;  or  which 
we  wish  to  combine  with  oxygen.  Alum  is  cal- 
cined to  get  rid  of  its  water  of  crystallization ; — 
chalk,  to  reduce  it  to  the  state  of  pure  lime,  by 
driving  off  the  carbonic  acid;  and  certain  metal* 
are  subjected  to  this  operation  to  oxidize  them. 

CALCINATUM  MAJUS  POTERII,  Hydrar- 
gyrum prsocipitatum. 

CALCINONIA,  Calcena. 
CALCIS  BICHLORURETUM,  Calcis  chlori- 
dum—  c.  Carbonas,  Creta  —  c.  Carbonas  durus, 
Creta,  Marmor  —  c.  Carbonas  friabilis,  Creta. 

Calcis  Car'bonas  Pr^cipita'tus,  Precip'l- 
tated  Car'honate  of  Lime,  Precijntated  Chalk. 
This  preparation,  introduced  into  the  last  edition 
of  the  Pharmacopoeia  of  the  United  States,  is  pre- 
pared as  follows  :  Liq.  Calcii  Chlorid.  Ovss;  Soda 
Carbonat.  ibvj ;  AqucB  destillat.  q.  s.  Dissolve  the 
carbonate  of  soda  in  six  parts  of  distilled  water ; 
heat  this  and  the  solution  of  chloride  of  calcium, 
separately,  to  the  boiling  point,  and  mix.  Wash 
the  precipitate  repeatedly  with  distilled  water, 
and  dry  on  bibulous  paper.  It  has  the  ^ame 
properties  as  creta  praeparata,  and  is  preferred  to 
it  in  certain  cases, — for  example,  as  an  ingredient 
in  tooth  powders,  owing  to  its  freedom  from 
gritty  particles. 

Calcis  Chlo'ridum;  Chlo' ride  of  Lime,  Chlo'- 
ruret  of  Lime,  HypocMo'rite  of  Lime,  Chlorite  of 
Lime,  Oxymu'  riate  of  Lime,  Calx  chlorina'ta,  (Ph. 
U.  S.)  Protoxichlor'uret  of  Calcium,  Calca'ria  chlo- 
ra'ta,  Chlorum  Calca'ria,  Chloretum  Calca'ri<B, 
Calcaria  Chlo'rica,  Oxychlorure'tum  Calcii,  Pro- 
toehlorure'tum  Calcii,  Chlorure'tuni  Oxidi  Calcii, 
Bichlorure'tum  Calcis,  Oxymu' rias  Calcis,  Catcin 
Hypochlo'ria,  Calx  oxymuriat'ica.  Pleaching  Pow- 
der, Tennant'a  Powder,  (F.)  Protoxichlorure  de 
Calcium,  Ohlorure  de  Chaux,  Oxichlorure  de. 
Chaux,  Chlorure  d' Oxide  de  Calcium,  Bichlorure 
de  Chaux,  Oximuriate  de  Chaux,  3Iuriate  surojc- 
igene  ou  Oxigene  de  Chaux,  Poiidre  de  Blaiiche- 
ment,  P.  de  Tennant.  A  compound  resulting  from 
the  action  of  chlorine  on  hydrate  of  lime. 
Chloride  of  lime  is  a  most  valuable  disinfecting 
agent,  (see  Disinfection,)  when  dissolved  in  the 
proportion  of  one  pound  to  six  gallons  of  water. 
It  has  likewise  been  employed  both  internally 
and  externally  in  various  diseases,  as  in  scrofuhi, 
foetor  oris,  foul  ulcers,  &c.  &c. 

Calcis  Hepar,  Calcis  sulphuretum  —  c.  Hy- 
dras, see  Calx — c.  Hypochloris,  Calcis  chloridum. 
Calcis  Mu'rias;  Muriate  of  Lime,  Cnlxsali'ta, 
Calcii  Chlorure'tuni  seu  Chlo'ridum,  Chloride  of 
calcium,  (F.)  Chlorure  de  calcium,  Muriate  ou 
Hydrochlurnte  de  Chaux.  This  salt  has  been 
given,  in  solution,  as  a  tonic,  stimulant,  <fee.,  in 
scrofulous  tumours,  glandular  obstructions,  gene- 
ral debility,  &c.  A  Solu'tio  Murin'tis  Calcis, 
Liquor  Calcis  Jfuria'tis,  Solution  of  Muriate  of 
Lime,  Liquid  Shell,  may  be  formed  of  Muriate 
of  Lime  3J,  dissolved  in  distilled  water  f^-'j- 
"rhe  Liquor  Calcii  Chlokidi  or  Solution  0/  Ohio- 


CALCITEA 


159 


CALCULI 


ride  of  Calcium,  of  the  Pharmacopoeia  of  the 
United  States,  is  prepared  as  follows  :  —  Marble, 
in  fragments,  5ix,  Muriatic  acid,  Oj  j  Distilled 
water,  a  sufficient  quantity.  Mix  the  acid  with 
a  half  pint  of  the  water,  and  gradually  add  the 
marble.  Towards  the  close  of  the  effervescence 
apply  a  gentle  heat,  and,  when  the  action  has 
ceased,  pour  off  the  clear  liquor  and  evaporate  to 
dryness.  Dissolve  the  residuum  in  its  weight  and 
a  half  of  distilled  water,  and  filter.  Dose,  from 
gtt.  XXX  to  f^j,  in  a  cupful  of  water. 

Calcis  Oxymurias,  Calcis  chloridum. 

Calcis  Sulphure'tum  ;  Hepar  Calcis,  Siil'- 
phuret  of  Lime,  (F.)  Proto-hydroaulfate  de  Cal- 
cium, Hijdrosulfate  de  chaux.  Principally  used 
in  solution,  as  a  bath,  in  itch  and  other  cutaneous 
affections. 

CALCITEA,  Ferri  sulphas. 

CALCITEOSA,  Plumbi  oxydum  semivitreum. 

CALCITH03,  Cupri  subacetas. 

CALCITRAPA,  Centaurea  Calcitrapa,  Del- 
phinium consolida —  c.  Hippophsestum,  Centau- 
rea calcitrapa —  c.  Stellata,  Centaurea  calcitrapa. 

CALCIUM,  CHLORIDE  OF,  Calcis  murias— 
c.  Chlorjire  de,  Calcis  murias — c.  Chlorure  d'oxide 
de,  Calcis  chloridum  —  c.  Protohijdrosulfaie  de, 
Galcis  sulphviretum  —  c.  Protoxichlorure  de,  Cal- 
cis chloridum  —  e.  Protoxichloruret  of,  Calcis 
chloridum — c.  Protoxide  of,  Calx. 

CALCO-SUBPHALANGEUS  MINIMI  DI- 
GITI,  Abductor  minimi  digiti  pedis — c.  Subpha- 
langeus  pollicis.  Abductor  pollicis  pedis. 

CALCOCOS,  Bell-metal. 

CALCOIDEA,  (ossicula,)  Cuneiform  bones. 

CALCOTAR,  Ferri  sulphas. 

CALCUL,  Calculus. 

CALCULEUX,  Calculous. 

CALCULI,  see  Calculus  —  c.  Articular,  see 
Calculi  Arthritic  ;  and  Concretions,  articular. 

Calculi,  Alternatixg,  see  Calculi,  urinary. 

Calculi,  Arthrit'ic,  Tophi,  Tnber'cula  ar- 
ihrit'ica,  Chalk-stones,  Nodes,  (F.)  Pierres  cray- 
enaes,  Calculs  arthritiques,  Nceuds.  Concretions, 
which  form  in  the  ligaments,  and  within  the  cap- 
sules of  the  joints,  in  persons  aifected  with  gout. 
They  are  composed  of  uric  acid,  soda,  and  a  little 
animal  matter;  very  rarely,  urate  of  lime  and  chlo- 
ride of  sodium  are  met  with.  Similar  calculi  are 
found  in  other  parts  besides  the  joints. 

Cal'culi,  Bil'iary,  Cal'culi  hilio'si  sen  fell' ei 
Beu  bih'a'rii,  Bil'iary  Concretions,  Gall-stones, 
Oholol'ithus,  CholeV ithus,  (F.)  Calculs  hiliaires, 
Pierres  au  fiel.  Some  of  these  contain  all  the 
materials  of  the  bile,  and  seem  to  be  nothing 
more  than  that  secretion  thickened.  Several 
contain  Picromel ;  and  the  greater  part  are  com- 
posed of  from  88  to  94  parts  of  Cholesterin,  and 
of  from  6  to  12  of  the  yellow  matter  of  the  bile. 
Biliary  calculi  are  most  frequently  found  in  the 
gall-bladder :  at  other  times,  in  the  substance  of 
the  liver,  in  the  branches  of  the  Ductus  heptaticiis, 
or  in  the  Ductus  Communis  Oholedochus.  The 
first  are  called  Cystic  ;  the  second  Hepatic  ;  and 
the  last,  sometimes.  Hepatocystic.  The  causes 
which  give  rise  to  them  are  very  obscure.  Often 
they  occasion  no  uneasiness,  and  at  other  times 
the  symptoms  may  be  confounded  with  those  of 
hepatitis.  At  times,  they  are  rejected  by  the 
mouth,  or  by  the  bowels,  along  with  a  considera- 
ble quantity  of  bile,  which  had  accumulated  be- 
hind them ;  at  other  times  they  occasion  violent 
abdominal  inflammation,  abscesses,  and  biliary 
fistula;,  rupture  of  the  gall-bladder,  and  fatal 
effusion  into  the  peritoneum.  The  passage  of  a 
gall-stone  is  extremely  painful;  yet  the  pulse  is 
not  at  first  affected.  Antiphlogistics,  when  there 
la  inflammatory  action,  and  stroag  doses  of  opium, 


to  allay  toe  pain  and  spasm,  with  the  warm  batb, 
are  the  chief  remedies.  Solvents  are  not  to  be 
depended  upon.    They  cannot  reach  the  calculi. 

Calcui:,  Bone  Earth,  see  Calculi,  urinary — c. 
Compound,  see  Calculi,  urinary  —  c.  Cystic,  see 
Calculi,  urinary. 

Cal'culi,  of  the  Ears,  (F.)  Calculs  de  V  Oreille. 
Hard,  light,  and  inflammable  concretions,  which 
occur  in  the  meatus  auditoriiis  externus,  and  are 
merely  indurated  cerumen.  They  are  a  frequent 
cause  of  deafness.  They  can  be  easily  seen,  and 
may  be  extracted  by  appropriate  forceps,  after 
having  been  detached  by  injections  of  soap  and 
water. 

Calculi  Fellei,  Calculi,  biliary  —  c.  Fusible, 
see  Calculi,  urinary. 

Cal'culi,  Lach'rymal,  (F.)  Calculs  lacry- 
maux.  Concretions  sometimes,  but  rarely,  form 
in  the  lachrj-mal  passages,  where  they  occasion 
abscesses  and  fistulse,  which  do  not  heal  until 
they  are  extracted.  No  analysis  has  been  made 
of  them. 

Calculi,  Lithic,  see  Calculi,  urinary. 

Cal'culi  of  the  Mamm^,  (F.)  Calculs  die 
Mamelles.  Haller  gives  a  case  of  a  concretion, 
of  a  yellowish-white  colour,  which  had  the  shape 
of  one  of  the  excretory  ducts  of  the  mammary 
gland,  having  been  extracted  from  an  abscess 
seated  in  that  organ. 

Calculi,  Mulberry,  see  Calculi,  urinary. 

Cal'culi  of  the  Pan'creas,  (F.  Calculs  du 
Pancreas.  These  are  but  little  known.  Ana- 
logy has  induced  a  belief  that  they  resemble 
the  salivary.  Some  have  supposed  that  certain 
transparent  calculi,  rejected  by  vomiting,  or 
passed  in  the  evacuations,  have  proceeded  from 
the  pancreas,  but  there  seems  to  be  no  reason  foi 
this  belief. 

Cal'culi  of  the  Pineal  Gland,  (F.)  Calcuh 
de  la  Glande  Pineale.  These  have  been  fre- 
quently met  with.  No  symptom  announces  theii 
presence  during  life.  They  are  composed  of  phos- 
phate of  lime. 

Cal'culi  of  the  Prostate,  Prostat'ic  cal'cidi. 
These  are  not  very  rare.  They  have  generally 
the  same  composition  as  the  preceding.  They 
usually  present  the  symptoms  common  to  every 
tumefaction  of  the  prostate,  and  sometimes  those 
of  calculi  in  the  bladder. 

Cal'culi  Pul'monary,  (F.)  Calculs  pulmo- 
naires.  These  concretions  are  very  frequently 
met  with  in  the  dead  body,  without  seeming  to 
have  produced  unpleasant  symptoms  during  lLfi>. 
At  other  times,  they  are  accompanied  with  all 
the  symptoms  of  phthisis,  Phthisic  calculeuse,  of 
Bayle.  At  times  they  are  expectorated  without 
the  supervention  of  any  unpleasant  symptom. 
They  are  usually  formed  of  carbonate  of  limt- 
and  animal  matter. 

Cal'culi,  Sal'ivary,  Cal'cidi  saliva'les,  Sia- 
lol'ithi,  (F.)  Calculs  salivaires.  Concretions, 
usually  formed  of  phosphate  of  lime  and  animal 
matter,  which  are  developed  in  the  substance  of 
the  salivary  glands  or  in  their  excretory  ducts. 
In  tho  first  case,  they  may  be  mistaken  for  a 
simple  swelling  of  the  gland;  in  the  second,  they 
may  generally  be  detected  by  the  touch.  They 
may  be  extracted  by  incision  in  the  interior  of 
the  mouth.  The  calculus  developed  in  the  sub- 
lingual ducts  has  been  called  Cal'culus  sublii* 
gua'lis  and  Ran'ula  lapide'a. 

Cal'culi,  Sperjiat'i^,  (F.)  Calculs  sperma- 
tiques.  These  have  been  sometimes  found  in  the 
vesiculss  seminales  after  death.  They  cannot  bo 
detected  during  life.  No  analj'sis  has  been  made 
of  them. 

Cal'culi  of  the  Stomach  and  Inter'ttnks, 
Enter  of  ithus,  E,  Cal'culus,  Coprol'ithus,   Goncr»- 


CALCULI 


160 


CALCULI 


tw'nes  alvi'nm,  (F.)  Calculs  de  Vestomac,  G.  in- 
testinaxix,  Pierres  stercorales,  Concretions  intesti- 
nales.  Calculi  of  the  stomach  are  rare,  and  have 
almost  always  been  carried  thither  by  the  anti- 
peristaltic action  of  the  intestines.  The  symp- 
toms occasioned  by  them  are  those  of  chronic 
gastritis.  It  has  been  imagined  that  the  conti- 
nued use  of  absorbent  powders,  as  magnesia,  will 
give  occasion  to  them. 

Intestinal  concretions,  (F.)  Calculs  intestinanx, 
are  not  uncommon  in  animals  (see  Bezoard  :) 
but  they  are  rare  in  man.  The  causes  which 
give  rise  to  them  are  little  known  :  sometimes  a 
biliary  calculus  affords  them  a  nucleus.  Their 
composition  varies.  They  are  light,  hard,  very 
fetid,  and  not  inflammable.  They  are  formed, 
ordinarily,  between  the  valvulee  of  the  small  in- 
testines, or  in  the  cells  of  the  large,  and  some- 
times in  old  herniae.  Whilst  they  do  not  ob- 
struct the  passage  of  the  alimentary  mass,  they 
produce  no  unpleasant  symptoms.  At  times,  the 
movable  tumour  which  they  form  may  be  felt 
through  the  parietes  of  the  abdomen.  They  are 
generally  evacuated  ^er  amtm. 

Cal'culi  of  the  Tonsils.  Calculous  concre- 
tions, which  sometimes  form  in  the  tonsils.  (F.) 
Calculs  des  Araygdales.  They  are  easily  recog- 
nised by  the  sight  and  touch :  sometimes  they 


are  discharged  by  spitting,  either  alone  or  with 
the  pus  of  an  abscess  occasioned  by  their  pre- 
sence.    They  have  not  been  analyzed. 

CALcrLi,  Triple,  see  Calculi,  urinary  —  c 
Uric,  see  Calculi,  urinary. 

Cal'culi,  U'einary,  Urol'ithi,  (F.)  Calculs 
urinaires,  Pierres  urinaires.  Concretions  which 
form  from  the  crystallizable  substances  in  the 
urine,  and  which  are  met  with  not  only  in  the 
whole  course  of  the  urinary  passages,  but  in  fis- 
tulous openings  wherever  the  urine  stagnates 
naturally  or  accidentally.  Their  causes  are  but 
little  known.  They  are  more  common  at  the  two 
extremities  of  life  than  at  the  middle,  and  more 
so  in  some  countries  and  districts  than  in  others. 
At  times,  a  clot  of  blood,  a  portion  of  mucus,  &e., 
form  the  nucleus.  The  symptoms  and  treat- 
ment vary  according  to  the  seit  of  the  calculus. 
There  is  no  such  thing  probably  as  a  medical 
solvent.     See  Urinary  Calculi. 

Modern  chymists  have  demonstrated  the  exist- 
ence of  several  components  of  urinary  calculi, 
viz.,  Lithic  Acid,  Phosjjhate  of  Lime,  Ammoniaco- 
Magnesian  Phosphate,  Oxalate  of  Lime,  Cystic 
Oxide,  and  Xanthic  Oxide,  with  an  animal  ce- 
menting ingredient.  The  varieties  of  calculi,  pro- 
duced by  the  combination  or  intermixture  of  these 
ingredients,  are  thus  represented  by  Dr.  Paris. 


A  tabular  view  of  different  species  of  urinary- calculi. 


SPKCIES  OF  CA.1^ 
CtJU. 

EXTERNAL  CHARACTERS. 

CHYMICAL  COMPOSITION. 

REMARKS. 

1.  LITHIC  or 
URIC. 

Form,  a  flattened  oval.    S.  G. 
generally  exceeds  ], 500.    Colour, 
brownish  or  fawn-like.  Surface, 
smooth.     Texture,  laminated. 

It  consists  principally  of  Lit/tic 
Jlcid.    When  treated  with  nitric 
acid,  a  beautiful  pink  substance 
results.    This  calculus  is  slightly 
soluble  in  water,  abundantly  so 
in  the  pure  alkalies. 

It   is    the  prevailing 
species  ;  but  the  surface 
sometimes  occurs   fine 
ly  tuberculated.     It  fre- 
quently constitutes  the 
nuclei  of  the  other  spe- 
(yes. 

2.  MULBERRT. 

Colour,  dark  brown.     Texture, 
harder  than   that  of  the  other 
species.  S.  G.  from  1.428  to  1.97G. 
Surface,  studded  with  tubercles. 

It  is  oxalate  of  lime,  and  is  de- 
composed in  the  flame  of  a  spirit 
lamp  swelling  out  into  a  white 
efflorescence,    which     is    quick- 
lime. 

'I'his  species  includes 
some  varieties,  which 
are  remarkably  smooth 
and  pale-coloured,  re- 
sembling hempseed. 

3.  BONE  EARTH 

Colour,   pale   brown  or  gray ; 
surface,   smooth   and    polished  ; 
structure,  regularly   laminated  ; 
the    laniiniB    easily    separating 
into  concrete  crusts. 

Principally  -phosphate  of  lime. 
It  is  soluble  in  muriatic  acid. 

4.  TRIPLE. 

Colour,   generally    brilliant 
white.    Surface,  uneven,  studded 
with  shining  crystals,  less  com- 
pact than  the  preceding  species. 
Between  its  lamina3  small  cells 
occur,  filled  with  sparkling  par- 
ticles. 

It  is  an  ummoniaco-magnesian 
phosphate,  generally  mixed  with 
phosphate  of  lime.     Pure  alka- 
lies decompose  it,  extracting  its 
ammonia. 

This  species  attains  a 
larger  size  than  any  of 
the  others. 

5.  FDSIBLE. 

Co/oiir,  grayish  white. 

A  compound  of  the  two  fore- 
going species. 

It  is  very  fusible, 
melting  into  a  vitreous 

globule. 

6.  CYSTIC. 

Very  like  the  triple  calculus, 
but  it  is  unsiratified  and  more 
compact  and  homogenous. 

It  consists  of  cystic  oxide.    Lfii- 
der  the  blowpipe  it  yields  a  pe- 
culiarly fetid  odour.    It  is  solu- 
ble in   acids,    and    in    alkalies, 
even  if  they  are  fully  saturated 
with  carbonic  acid. 

It  is  a  rare  species. 

7.  ALTERNA- 
TING. 

Its  section  exhibits  different 
concentric  laminrc. 

Compounded   of  several   spe- 
cies, alternating  with  each  other. 

8.  COMPOUND. 

No  characteristic  form. 

The  ingredients  are  separable 
only  by  chymical  analysis. 

1.  Renal  Calcidi,  (F.)  Calculs  renaux.  These 
have  almost  always  a  very  irregular  shape : 
at  times,  there  is  no  indication  of  their  pre- 
sence: at  others,  they  occasion  attacks  of  pain 
io  the  kidneys,  sometimes  accompanied  with 
Woody  or  turbid  urine.  Often,  they  cause  in- 
flammation of  the  kidneys,  with  all  its  unplea- 
sant results.  They  are  generally  formed  of  uric 
acid,  animal  matter,  and  oxalate  of  lime,  with, 
sometimes,  phosphates.  The  treatment  will  have 
to  vary,  accoiding  to  the  absence  or  presence  of 


inflammatory  signs, — relieving  the  irritation  by- 
opiates.  A  surgical  operation  can  rarely  be  ap- 
plicable. 

2.  Calcidi  of  the  Ureters,  (F.)  Calculs  der 
Ureteres.  These  come  from  the  kidneys,  and  do 
not  produce  unpleasant  effects,  unless  they  are 
so  large  as  to  obstruct  the  course  of  the  urine, 
and  to  occasion  distention  of  the  whole  of  the 
ureters  above  them;  or  unless  their  surface  is  so 
rough  as  to  irritate  the  mucous  membrane,  and 
occasion  pain,  hemorrhage,  abscesses,  &o.     The 


CALCULIFRAGUS 


161 


CALIGO 


pain,  during  the  passage,  is  sometimes  very  vio- 
lent, extending  to  the  testicle  of  the  same  side 
in  the  male  ,•  and  occasioning  a  numbness  of  the 
thigh  in  both  sexes.  The  treatment  consists  in 
general  or  local  blood-letting,  warm  bath,  and 
opiates. 

3.  Calculi,  Vesical;  Stone  in  the  Bladder, 
Lith'ia  Yesica'lis,  Lithi'asis  cys'tica,  Lithi'asis 
veiica'lii,  Cysto-litlii'asis,  Dysu'ria  calculo'sa,  D. 
irrita'ta,  Cal'culus  vesi'ccB,  (F.)  Valculs  vesicaux. 
These  are  the  most  common.  Sometimes,  they 
proceed  from  the  kidneys:  most  commonly,  they 
are  formed  in  the  bladder  itself.  Sense  of  weight 
in  the  perinseum,  and  sometimes  of  a  body  roll- 
ing when  the  patient  changes  his  position ;  pain 
or  itching  at  the  extremity  of  the  glans  in  men ; 
frequent  desire  to  pass  the  urine ;  sudden  stop- 
page to  its  flow;  and  bloody  urine — are  the  chief 
signs  which  induce  a  suspicion  of  their  existence. 
We  cannot,  however,  be  certain  of  this  without 
sounding  the  patient.  Sometimes,  when  of  a 
small  size,  they  are  expeUed :  most  commonly, 
they  remain  in  the  bladder,  the  disorganization 
of  which  they  occasion,  unless  removed  by  a  sur- 
gical operation. 

4.  Calculi  Ure'thi-al.  They  almost  always  pro- 
ceed from  the  bladder.  The  obstruction,  which 
they  cause  to  the  passage  of  the  urine,  the  hard 
tumour,  and  the  noise  occasioned  when  struck 
by  a  sound,  indicate  their  presence.  They  are 
removed  by  incision. 

5.  Calculi  of  Fis'tulous  passages.  These  arise 
when  there  is  some  fistulous  opening  into  the 
urethra.  They  can  be  readily  recognised,  and 
may  generally  be  extracted  with  facility.  (F.) 
Calculs  places  hors  des  voies  uriiiaires.  See  Uri- 
nary Calculi. 

Cal'culi  of  the  TJ'TEurs,  (F.)  Calculs  de 
r  Uterus.  These  are  very  rare.  The  signs,  which 
indicate  them  during  life,  are  those  of  chronic 
engorgement  of  the  uterus.  Their  existence,  con- 
seituently,  cannot  be  proved  till  after  death. 

CALCULIFRAGUS,  Lithontriptie. 

CAL'CULOUS,  (F.)  Calculeux,  Graveleux. 
That  which  relates  to  calculi,  especially  to  those 
of  the  bladder. 

CALCULS  BILIAIRES.  Calculi,  biliary  — 
c.  de  VEstoraac,  Calculi  of  the  stomach  —  c.  de  la 
Glande  Pinerde,  Calculi  of  the  pineal  gland — c. 
Tntestinaiuv,  Calculi  of  the  stomach  and  intestines 

—  c.  Lacrymaux,  Calculi,  lachrymal — c.  des  3Ia- 
fiielles.  Calculi  of  the  mammje  —  c.  de  V  Oreille, 
Calculi  in  the  ears  —  c.  du  Pancreas,  Calculi  of 
the  Pancreas  —  c.  Places  Tiors  des  voies  urinaires, 
Calculi  of  fistulous  passages  —  c.  Pulmonaires, 
Calculi,  pulmonary — c.  Eenaiix,  Calculi,  renal — 
c.  Salivdires,  Calculi,  salivary  —  c.  Spermatiques, 
Calculi,  spermatic — c.  Urinaires,  Calculi,  urinary 

—  c.  des  Uret^res,  Calculi  of  the  ureters  —  e.  de 
r  Uterus,  Calculi  of  the  uterus — c.  Vesicaux,  Cal- 
culi, vesical. 

CAL'CULUS,  Lapis,  Lithos,  \i&o?.  A  dimi- 
nutive of  calx,  a  lime-stone.  (F.)  Calcul,  Pierre. 
Calculi  are  concretions,  which  may  form  in  every 
part  of  the  animal  body,  but  are  most  fre- 
quently found  in  the  organs  that  act  as  reservoirs, 
and  in  the  excretory  canals.  They  are  met  with 
in  the  tonsils,  joints,  biliary  ducts,  digestive  pas- 
snges,  lachrymal  ducts,  mammffi,  pancreas,  pineal 
gland,  prostate,  lungs,  salivary,  spermatic  and 
urinary  passages,  and  in  the  uterus.  The  causes 
rhich  give  rise  to  them  are  obscure. 

Those  that  occur  in  reservoirs  or  ducts  are 
supposed  to  be  owing  to  the  deposition  of  the 
substances,  which  compose  them,  from  the  fluid 
as  it  passes  along  the  duct;  and  those  which 
oe«ur  in  the  substance  of  an  organ  are  regarded 
11 


as  the  product  of  some  chronic  irritation.  Their 
general  effect  is  to  irritate,  as  extraneous  bodies, 
the  parts  with  which  they  are  in  contact;  and  to 
produce  retention  of  the  fluid,  whence  they  have 
been  formed.  The  symptoms  difi'er,  according  to 
the  sensibility  of  the  organ  and  the  importance 
of  the  particular  secretion  whose  discharge  they 
impede.  Their  solution  is  generally  impracti- 
cable :  spontaneous  expulsion  or  extraction  is 
the  only  way  of  getting  rid  of  them. 

Calculus  Bezoar,  Bezoard  —  c.  Dentalis, 
Odontolithus  —  c.  Encysted,  Calcid  eJiatovne — c. 
Sublingualis,  see  Calculi,  salivary  —  e.  Vesicae, 
Calculus,  vesical. 

CALDAS,  WATERS  OF.  Caldas  is  a  small 
town,  ten  leagues  from  Lisbon,  where  are  mineral 
springs,  containing  carbonic  and  hydrosulphuric 
acid  gases,  carbonates  and  muriates  of  lime  and 
magnesia,  sulphates  of  soda  and  lime,  sulphuret 
of  iron,  silica,  and  alumina.  They  are  much 
used  in  atonic  gout.  They  are  thermal.  Tem- 
perature 93°  Fahrenheit. 

CALDE'RL^  ITAL'IC^.  Warm  baths  in 
the  neighbourhood  of  Ferrara,  in  Italy,  much 
employed  in  dysuria. 

CALEBASSES,  Cucurbita  lagenaria. 

CALEFA'CIENTS,  Calefacien'tia,  Therman'- 
tiea,  from  calidus,  'warm/  and  facio,  'I  make.' 
(F.)  Echatiffants.  Substances  which  excite  a  de- 
gree of  warmth  in  the  part  to  which  they  are 
applied,  as  mustard,  pepper,  &e.  They  belong 
to  the  class  of  stimulants. 

CALEFACTIO,  Echavffement. 

CALENDULA  ALPINA,  Arnica  montana. 

Calen'dula  Arten'sis,  Caltha  Arven'sis  seu 
officina'lis.  Wild  Mar'igold,  (F.)  Souci  des 
Champs.  This  is,  sometimes,  preferred  to  the 
last.  Its  juice  has  been  given,  in  the  dose  of 
from  f^j  to  f^iv,  in  jaundice  and  cachexia. 

Calen'dula  Officixa'lis,  C.  Sati'va,  Chry- 
san'themum,  Sponsa  solis,  Caltha  vxdya'ris ;  Ver- 
ruca'rin.  Single  Mar'igold,  Garden  Mar'igold, 
(F.)  Souci,  S.  ordinaire.  Family,  Synantherese,. 
Syngenesia  necessaria,  Linn.  So  called  from 
flowering  every  caleiid.  The  flowers  and  leaves- 
have  been  exhibited  as  aperients,  diaphoretics,. 
<tc.,  and  have  been  highlv  extolled  in  cancer. 

CALENDULA  MARTIALES,  Ferrum  am- 
moniatum. 

CALENTU'RA,  from  calere,  'to  be  warm.' 
The  word,  in  Spanish,  signifies  fever.  A  species 
of  furious  delirium  to  which  sailors  are  subject 
in  the  torrid  zone :  —  a  kind  of  phrenitis,  the 
attack  of  which  comes  on  suddenly  after  a  broil- 
ing day,  and  seems  to  be  characterized  by  a  de- 
sire in  the  patient  to  throw  himself  into  the  sea. 
It  is  only  a  variety  of  phrenitis. 

Calentura  Cojttixua,  Synocha. 

CALENTU'RAS;  Palo  de  Calentn'ras.  Pomet 
and  Lemery  saj',  that  these  words  are  sometimes 
applied  to  cinchona.  Camelli  says,  they  mean, 
also,  a  tree  of  the  Philippine  Isles,  the  wood  of 
which  is  bitter  and  febrifuge. 

CALF  OP  THE  LEG,  Sura. 

CALICE,  Calix. 

C ALICES  RENALES,  see  Calix. 

CALICO  BUSH,  Kalmia  latifolia. 

CALIDARIUM,  see  Stove. 

CALIDUM  ANIMALE,  Animal  heat— c.  In- 
natum.  Animal  heat. 

CALIGATIO,  Dazzling. 

CALI'GO.  'A  mist.'  Acldys,  (F.)  Brouillard. 
An  obscurity  of  vision,  dependent  upon  a  speck 
on  the  cornea:  also,  the  speck  Itself;  Caligo  cor'- 
nciB,  JIac'ula  cornecB,  M.  sem.ipeUu'cida,  Phihar- 
ma  caligo,  C.  a  nephel'io,  Hehetu'do  visits,  C.  «? 
Letico'mat?.,  Nel'ula,  Opake  cornea,  Wsb-ey*,  (F.) 


CALIHACHA 


162 


CALUMBA 


Koxiage  de  la   Cornee,   Taye,  Ohacurcisaement  de 
la  vue. 

Caligo  Lentis,  Cataract — c.  Pupillse,  Syne- 
r.isis  —  c.  Synizesis,  Synezisis  —  c.  Tenebrarum, 
llemeralopia. 

CALIHACHA  CAISTELLA,  Laurus  cassia. 

CALIX,  Calyx,  Infundib'ulum,  from  koKi^,  'a. 
pup.'  (F.)  C'alice,  Entonnoir.  Anatomists  have 
giren  this  name  to  small  membranous  canals, 
tvhich  surround  the  papillte  of  the  kidney,  and 
open  into  its  pelvis,  whither  they  convey  the 
urine: — Oal'ices  rena'les,  Cylind'ri  memhrana' cei 
Renum,  Fis'tulcB  ure'terum  renum,  Canales  mem- 
bra'nei  Renum,  Tu'bxdi  pelvis  renum.  Their 
number  varies  from  6  to  12  in  each  kidney. 

Calix  Vomitoria,  Goblet,  emetic. 

CALLEUX,  Callous. 

CALLIBLEPH'ARUM,  from  KaWoq,  'beauty,' 
and  PXtipapov,  '  eyelid.'  A  remedy  for  beautify- 
ing the  eyelids. 

CALLICANTHUS,  Calycanthus. 

CALLICOCCA  IPECACUANHA,  Ipecacu- 
anha. 

CALLICREAS,  Pancreas. 

CALLIOMARCHUS,  Tussilago. 

CALLIP^'DIA,  from  xaWo;,  'beauty,'  and 
Taig,  TzaiSoi,  'a  child.'  The  art  of  begetting  beau- 
tiful children.  This  was  the  title  of  a  poem  by 
Claude  Quillet,  in  1655  ;  "CallijjcBdia  sive  de  pul- 
chrcB  prolis  habendcs  ratione."  The  author  ab- 
surdly supposes,  that  the  beauty  of  children  is 
affected  by  the  sensations  which  the  mother  ex- 
periences during  her  pregnancy. 

_  CALLIPERS  OF  BAUDELOCQUE,  see  Pel- 
vimeter. 

CALLIPESTRIA,  Cosmetics. 

CALLIPHYLLUM,  Asplenium  trichoma- 
noide's. 

CALLIP'TGOS,  from  (caXXof,  'beauty/  and 
TTvyri,  '  buttocks.'  A  cognomen  of  Venus,  owing 
to  her  beautiful  nates. 

CAL'LITRIS  ECKLO'NL  A  South  African 
tree,  Hat.  Ord.  Coniferse,  from  the  branches 
and  cones  of  which  a  gum  exudes,  that  resem- 
bles Gum  Sandarac.  This  is  successfully  used 
in  the  form  of  fumigations  in  gout,  rheumatism, 
■cedematous  swellings,  &c. 

Callitris  CupRESSO'iDES,  a  common  shrub  in 
the  neighbourhood  of  Cape  Town,  exudes  a  simi- 
lar substance. 

CALLOSITAS,  Induration  —  c.  Palpebrarum, 
Scleriasis — c.  VesiciB,  Cystauxe. 

CALLOS'ITY,  Callos'itas,  Scyros,  Tijle,  Tylus, 
Tylo'ma,  Tylo'sis,  Dermatosclero' sis,  JJermatoty- 
lo'ma,  Dermatotylo' sis,  Dermatot'ylns,  Porus,  Ec- 
phy'ma  Callus.  Hardness,  induration,  and  thick- 
ness of  the  skin,  which  assumes  a  horny  consist- 
ence, in  places  where  it  is  exposed  to  constant 
})ressure.  (F.)  Burillon.  Also  the  induration, 
which  is  observed  in  old  wounds,  old  ulcers,  lis- 
tulous  passages,  <fec. 

CALLOUS,  Callo'sns,  OchtTio'des,  from  callus, 
'hardness.'  (F.)  Callenx.  That  which  is  hard 
or  indurated.  A  Callous  Ulcer  is  one  whose  edges 
are  thick  and  indurated. 

CALLUM  PEDIS,  Instep. 

OALLUNA  ERICA,  Erica  vulgaris  —  e.  Vul- 
garis, Erica  vulgaris. 

CALLUS,  Calus,  Galium,  Osteot'ylus,  (F.)  Cal. 
The  bony  matter,  thrown  out  between  the  frac- 
tured extremities  of  a  bone,  which  acts  as  a  ce- 
ment, and  as  a  new  bony  formation.  The  words 
are,  likewise,  used  occasionally  in  the  same  sense 
as  Callosity. 

Callus,  Provisional.  When  the  shaft  of  a 
long  bone  has  been  broken  through,  and  the  ex- 
tremities have  been  brought  in  exact  juxtaposi- 
tion,, the  new  matter,  first  ossified,  is  that  which 


occupies  the  central  portion  of  the  deposit,  and 
thus  connects  the  medullary  cavities  of  the  broken 
ends,  forming  a  kind  of  plug,  which  enters  each. 
This  was  termed  by  M.  Dupuytren  the  provi- 
sional Callus. 

CAL3IANTS,  Sedatives. 

CAL3IE,  (F.)  The  interval  that  separates  the 
paroxysms  of  an  acute  or  chronic  disease.  When 
the  type  is  intermittent,  the  word  intermission  is 
used. 

CALOMBA,  Calumba. 

CALOMEL,  Hydrargyri  submurias. 

CALOMEL  STOOLS.  A  term  applied  to  the 
green,  spinach-like,  evacuations  occasioned  by 
the  internal  use  of  the  mild  chloride  of  mercury. 

CALOMELANOS  TORQUETI,  Hydrargyri 
submurias. 

Calomelanos  Turqueti.  a  name  given  by 
Piiverius  to  purgative  pills,  prepared  with  calo- 
mel, sulphur,  and  resin  of  jalap. — Dictionaries. 

CALOMELAS,  Hydrargyri  submurias. 

CALO'XIA,  KoKwvia.  An  epithet  formerly 
given  to  myrrh. — Hippocrates.     See  Myrrha. 

CALOPIIYLLUM  INOPHYLLUM,  see  Fa- 
gara  octandra. 

CALOR,  Heat  —  c.  Animalis,  Animal  heat — ■ 
c.  iS'ativus,  Animal  heat. 

GALOIilGITE,  (F.)  Galoric"itas.  The  faculty 
possessed  by  living  bodies  of  generating  a  suffi- 
cient quantity  of  caloric  to  enable  them  to  resist 
atmospheric  cold,  and  to  preserve,  at  all  times 
and  in  every  part,  a  temperature  nearly  equal. 
See  Animal  Heat. 

CALORIFA'CIENT,  Calorif'iant,  Calorifa'^ 
ciens,  Galorifi' ans :  from  color,  'heat,' and /aeerc, 
'to  make.'  Having  the  power  of  producing 
heat.     Relating  to  the  power  of  producing  heat. 

CALORIFICA'TION,  Calorijiea'tio,  from  ca- 
lor,  'heat,'  und  fieri,  'to  be  made.'  The  function 
of  producing  animal  heat. 

CALORINESES,  from  calor,  'heat.'  The 
name  under  which  M.  Baumes  proposes  to  ar- 
range all  diseases,  characterized  by  a  sensible 
change  in  the  quantity  of  animal  heat.  Th.e  Ca- 
lorineses  form  the  first  class  of  his  Nosology. 

CALOTROPIS  GIGANTEA,  Mudar— c.  Mu- 
darii,  Mudar. 

CALOTTE,  (F.)  Pile'olum.  Anatomists  some- 
times give  the  name.  Calotte  aponevrotique,  to 
the  aponeurosis  of  the  occipito-frontalis  muscle, 
which  covers  it  externally ;  and  that  of  Calottt 
du  crane  to  the  scull-cap. 

Calotte  is  also  applied  to  an  adhesive  plaster, 
with  which  the  head  of  a  person  labouring  under 
tinea  capitis  is  sometimes  covered,  after  the  hair 
has  been  shaved  off.  This  plaster  is  pulled  sud- 
denly and  violently  ofij  in  order  to  remove  the 
bulbs  of  the  hair.  It  means,  also,  a  sort  of  coif 
made  of  boiled  leather,  worn  by  those  who  have 
undergone  the  operation  of  trepanning,  &c. 

CALOTTE  D' ASSURANCE,  Condom. 

CALTHA  ALPINA,  Arnica  montana— c.  Ar- 
vensis.  Calendula  arvensis — c.  Officinalis,  Calen- 
dula arvensis — e.  Vulgaris,  Calendula  officinalis. 

CALTROPS,  see  Trapa  natans. 

CALUM'BA,  Golom'bo,  Calom'ba,  Colom'la, 
(Ph.  U.  S. :)  Golumbo,  Radix  Cohmhm,  (F.)  Ca- 
lumbe  ou  Golumbe.  The  root  of  3Ienisper'miim 
palnia'tum,  Coc'culns  palma'ius,  indigenous  in 
India  and  Africa.  Its  odour  is  slightly  aromatic; 
taste  unjilcasantly  bitter.  It  is  tonic  and  anti- 
septic.    Dose,  gr.  10  to  5J  in  powder. 

Cai-vTmba,  American,  Frase'ra  Walteri,  F. 
Carollnien'sis,  F.  Officina'lis,  Swer'tia  difform' Ik, 
Sw.  Frase'ra,  American  or  Marietta  Golumbo, 
Indian  Lettuce,  Yelloio  Gentian,  Golden  Seal, 
Meadow  pride,  Pyr'amid,  is  used  in  the  same 
cases  as  the  true  Calumba. 


CALUS 


163 


CAMPHOROSMA  MONSPELIACA 


CALUS,  Callus, 

CALVA,  Cranium. 

Calva,  Culva'ria.  The  cranium;  the  upper 
part  especially ;  the  skull-cap  ; — the  Vault  of  the 
Cranium,  Cam'era. 

CALVARIA,  Cranium. 

CALVA'TA  FERRAMEN'TA.  Surgical  in- 
struments, which  have  a  head  or  button. 

CALVER'S  PHYSIC,  Leptandra  Virginica. 

CALVIT"IES,  GalvWium,  Phal'acra,  Phala- 
cro'sis,  GlahrW'ies,  Ophi'a^is,  Dejjila'tio  Oap'- 
itiSjPkalacro'ma,  Madaro'sis,  Liijsotrich' ia,  Bald- 
ness, &,Q.,  from  calvus,  'bald,'  (F.)  Chaitvete. 
Absence  of  hair,  particularly  at  the  top  of,  and 
behind,  the  head.  Calmt"ies  palpebra'rwm, — 
loss  of  the  eye-lashes. 

CALX,  Lime,  Ca'riiim  Terras,  Protox'ide  of 
Cal'cium,  Calca'ria piira,  (F.)  Chaux.  The  lime, 
employed  in  pharmacy,  should  be  recently  pre- 
pared by  calcination.  When  water  is  sprinkled 
over  caustic  lime,  we  have  slaked  lime,  hydrate 
of  lime, — the  Oalcis  Hydras  of  the  London  phar- 
macopoeia. 

Calx,  see  Calcaneum  —  e.  Chlorinata,  Calcis 
ehloridum — c.  Cum  kali  puro,  Potassa  cum  calce 
■ — c.  Salita,  Calcis  murias — c.  Bismuthi,  Bismuth, 
subnitrate  of. 

Calx  e  Testis  ;  lime  prepared  from  shells. 
It  has  probably  no  medicinal  advantages  over 
that  prepared  from  marble. 

Calx  Oxymuriatica,  Calcis  ehloridum. 

Calx  Viva,  Ox'idum  Cal'cii,  Calx  recens,  Fu- 
mans  nix,  Calx  vsta.  Calx  et  Calx  viva.  Lime  or 
Quicklime,  (F.)  Chaux  vive.  The  external  ope- 
ration of  calx  viva  is  escharotie,  but  it  is  rarely 
used.  Lime  is  a  good  disinfecting  agent.  It  is 
employed  internally  in  the  form  of  Liquor  Calcis. 

CALYCANTH'US,  C.Flor'idus,  Callieaii'thu8,{l) 
Caroli'na  Allspice,  Sweet-scented  shrub.  Sweet 
shrub.  An  indigenous  plant;  Order,  Calycan- 
thaceie  ;  with  purplish  flowers,  of  strong,  agree- 
able odour,  which  appear  from  March  to  June. 
The  root  is  possessed  of  emetic  properties. 

CALYPTRANTHES  CORYOPHYLLATA, 
Myrtus  carvophyllata. 

CALYSTEGIA  SEPIUM,  Convolvulus  sepium 
— c.  Soldanella,  Convulvulus  soldanella. 

CALYX,  Calix. 

CAMARA,  Calva. 

CAMAREZ,  MINERAL  "WATERS  OF.  Ca- 
marez  is  a  small  canton  near  Sylvanes,  in  the 
department  of  Aveyron,  France,  where  there  are 
acidulous  chalybeates. 

CAMARO'SIS,  Camaro'ma,  from  Ka/iapa,  'a. 
vault;'  Camera' tio,  Testudina' tio  Cra'nii.  A 
species  of  fracture  of  the  skull,  in  which  the  frag- 
ments are  placed  so  as  to  form  a  vault,  with  its 
base  resting  on  the  dura  mater.  —  Galen,  Paulus 
of  ^gina. 

CAMBING.  A  tree  of  the  Molucca  Islands, 
from  the  bark  of  which  a  kind  of  gum-resin  ex- 
udes, which  has  been  highly  extolled  in  dysen- 
tery. It  appears  to  have  some  resemblance  to 
the  simarouba. — Rumphius. 

CAMBIUM,  '  Exchange.'  A  name  formerly 
given  to  a  fancied  nutritive  juice,  which  was 
iupposed  to  originate  in  the  blood,  to  repair  the 
\osses  of  every  organ,  and  produce  their  increase. 
— Sennertus. 

CAMBO,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  A  vil- 
lage in  the  department  of  Basses  Pyrenees, 
France,  where  there  are  two  mineral  springs; 
the  one  an  acidulous  chalybeate,  the  other  sul- 
phureous. Temperature,  62°  to  69°  Fahrenheit. 
CAMBODIA,  Cambogia. 

CAMBO'GIA,  from  Cambodia,  in  the  East  In- 
dies, where  it  is  obtained.  Hence,  likewise,  its 
names  Cambo'dia,  Cambo'gittm,  Oambo'gia,  Gam- 


bo'gium,  Gambu'gium.  It  is  called,  also,  G-utta, 
Gutta  gamba,  Gummi  Gutta,  Catagau'na,  Catta- 
gau'ma,  Chrysopus,  Laxati'vus  Ind'icus,  Gummi 
Bo'gia.  G.  gaman'dra,  G.  de  Goa,  G.  de  Jemu, 
Chitta  jemoco,  Gutta  Gaman'drcg,  Gummi  ad  Pod' - 
agram,  Gamboge  or  Gamboge,  &c.,  (F.)  Gomme 
Gutte.  Ord.  Guttiferse.  A  yellow  juice  obtained 
from  Hebradendron  CambogioVdes,  and  other 
plants  of  the  natural  family  Guttiferse,  but  it  is 
not  known  from  which  of  them  the  officinal  cam- 
boge  is  obtained.  It  is  inodorous,  of  an  orange 
yellow  colour;  opake  and  brittle;  fracture, 
glassy;  is  a  drastic  cathartic,  emetic  and  anthel- 
mintic ;  and  is  used  in  visceral  obstructions  and 
dropsy,  and  wherever  powerful  hydragogue  ca- 
thartics are  required.  Dose  from  gr.  ij  to  vi,  in 
powder,  united  with  calomel,  squill,  <fcc. 

Cambogia  Gutta,  Garcinia  cambogia. 

CAMBU'CA,  Cambuc'ca  membra'ta.  Buboes 
and  venereal  ulcers,  seated  in  the  groin  or  near 
the  genital  organs. — Paracelsus.     See  Bubo. 

OAMELEE,  Cneorum  trieoccum. 

CAMERA,  Chamber,  Fornix,  Vault — c.  Cordis, 
Pericardium  —  c.  Oculi,  Chamber  of  the  eye. 

CAMERATIO,  Camarosis. 

CAMFOROSMA,  Camphorosma. 

CAMINGA,  Canella  alba. 

CAMISIA  FCETUS,  Chorion. 

CAMISOLE,  Waistcoat,  strait. 

CAMMARUS,  Crab. 

0A3WMILLE  FETIDE,  Anthemis  cotula  — 
e.  Puante,  Anthemis  cotula — c.  Eomaine,  Anthe- 
mis nobilis— c.  des  Teintvriers,  Anthemis  tincto- 
ria  —  c.  Vidgaire,  Matricaria  chamomilla. 

CAMOSIERS,  WATERS  OF.  Camosiers  is 
a  canton,  two  leagues  from  Marseilles,  where  are 
two  springs  containing  carbonate  of  lime,  sul- 
phur, chloride  of  sodium,  &c.  They  are  purga- 
tive, and  used  in  skin  complaints. 

CAMOTES,  Convolvulus  batatas. 

CAMPAGNE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Campagne  is  in  the  department  of  Aude,  France. 
The  waters  contain  sulphate  and  chlorohydrate 
of  magnesia.     Temperature,  80°  Fahrenheit. 

CAMPAN'ULA.  Diminutive  of  Campana.  A 
bell. 

Campanula  Trache'lium,  Canterbury  Bell  or 
Throatwort,  was  formerly  used,  in  decoction,  in 
relaxation  of  the  fauces.  It  is,  also,  called  Oer- 
vica^ria. 

CAMPE,  Flexion. 

CAMPHIRE,  Camphor. 

CAMPHOR,  from  Arab.  Ca'phur  or  Kam'phur, 
Cam' phora,  Caphnra,  Caffa,  Caf,  Cafur,  Capho- 
ra,  Altafor,  Camphire,  Camphor,  (P.)  Camphn. 
A  concrete  substance,  prepared,  by  distillation, 
from  Laurus  Camphora,  Per'sea  Cam'fora,  an 
indigenous  tree  of  the  East  Indies.  Order, 
Laurinese.  Its  odour  is  strong  and  fragrant :  it 
is  volatile,  not  easily  pulverizable ;  texture  crys- 
talline. Soluble  in  alcohol,  ether,  oils,  vinegar, 
and  slightly  so  in  water.  Its  properties  are  nar- 
cotic, diaphoretic,  and  sedative.  Dose,  gr.  v.  to 
9j.  Dissolved  in  oil  or  alcohol,  it  is  applied 
externally  in  rheumatic  pains,  bruises,  sprains,  &c. 

Camphor  Water,  Mistura  Camphorse. 

CAMPHORA'CEOUS,  Camphora' ceus.  Rela- 
ting to  or  containing  camphor; — as  a  ' campihor- 
aeeous  smell  or  remedy.' 

CAMPHORATA  HIRSUTA  et  C.  MONSPE- 
LIENSIUM,  Camphorosma  Monspeliaca. 

CAMPH'ORATED,  Camjyhora'tus,  (F.)  Cam- 
phre.  Relating  to  camphor;  containing  cam- 
phor; as  a  camphorated  smell,  a  camphorated 
draught. 

CAMPHOROS'MA  MONSPELIACA,  C.  Pe- 
ren'nis, trora  Camphor,  and  oajiTi,  'odour.'  Sela'go, 
Camphora' ta  hirsu'ta  seu  Monspelien'sium,  Hatty 


CAMPHRE 


164 


CANARIES 


Cam.ph.oros' ma,  (F.)  Campliree  de  Moiitpellier. 
Family,  Atriplice8&.  Sex.  Syst.  Tetrandria  Mo- 
nogynia.  This  plant,  as  its  name  imports,  has 
an  odour  of  camphor.  It  is  regarded  as  diuretic, 
diaphoretic,  cephalic,  antispasmodic,  &c.  It  is 
also  called  Chamapeu'ce  and  Stinking  Ground 
Pine. 

Camphorosma  PEBEieN'is,  C.  Monspeliaca. 

CAMPHRE,  Camphor. 

CAMPHRE,  Camphorated. 

CAMPHRE  BE  MONTPELLIER,  Cam- 
phorosma Monspeliaca. 

CAMPOMANE'SIA  LINEATIFO'LIA.  A 
tree,  twenty  to  thirty  feet  high,  which  grows  in 
Peru,  and  whose  fruit — palillo,  of  a  bright  yellow 
colour,  and  as  large  as  a  moderate-sized  apple — 
has  an  exceedingly  agreeable  scent,  and  is  one 
of  the  ingredients  in  making  the  perfumed  water 
called  mistura. — Tschudi. 

CAMPSIS,  Flex'io,  Ciirva'tio,  Inflex'io.  Bone 
or  cartilage,  forcibly  bent  from  its  proper  shape, 
without  breaking. — Good. 

Campsis  Depressio,  Depression. 

CAMPYLOR'RHACHIS;  from  lea^iTruXos, 
*  crooked,'  and  pa^ig,  '  spine.'  A  monster  whose 
spine  is  crooked. — Gurlt. 

CAMPYLORRHI'NUS;  from  Ka^nrvXo;, 
'crooked,'  and  piv,  'nose.'  A  monster  whose 
nose  is  crooked. — Gurlt. 

CAMPYLOTIS,  Cataclasis. 

CAMPYLUM,  Cataclasis. 

CAMUS,  (F.)  Simus,  Resi'nms,  Simo,  Silo,  Si- 
lus.  One  who  has  a  short,  stumpy  nose.  The 
French  speak  of  Nez  camus,  '  short  nose.' 

CANADA  BURNET,  Sanguisorba  canadensis. 

CANAL,  Cana'Us,  Ductus,  Mea'tus,  Poros, 
Oeh'etos,  (F.)  Conduit.  A  channel  for  affording 
j)assage  to  liquids,  or  solids,  or  to  certain  organs. 

Canal,  Alimen'tart,  C.  Digea'tive,  Cana'Us 
cihafriiia  vel  digesti'vus.  Ductus  ciha'rius,  Tubus 
alimenta'ris  seu  intestino'rum,  Diges'tive  Tube, 
AUment'ary  Duct  or  Tube.  The  canal  extending 
from  the  mouth  to  the  anus. 

Canal,  Abach'noid,  Cana'Us  Biohat'ii,  Canal 
of  Bi chat.  A  canal  formed  by  the  extension  of 
the  arachnoid  over  the  transverse  and  longitudi- 
nal fissures  of  the  brain,  which  surrounds  the  vena 
magna  Galeni.  The  orifice  of  the  canal  has 
been  termed  the  Foramen  of  Bichat. 

CANAL  ARTERIEL,  Arterial  duct  — c.  de 
EarthoUn,  Ductus  Bartholiaus  —  c.  of  Bichat, 
Canal,  arachnoid — c.  Bullular,  of  Petit,  Godronne 
canal  —  c.  Carotidien,  Carotid  canal  —  c.  Chole- 
doque,  Choledoch  duct — c.  Ciliary,  Ciliary  canal 
— c.  of  Cotunnius,  Aquseductus  vestibuli  —  c.  of 
Fontana,  Ciliary  canal — c.  Goudronne,  Godronne 
canal — c.  Hepatique,  Hepatic  duct. 

Canal,  Hy'aloid.  A  cylindrical  passage,  de- 
scribed by  M.  J.  Cloquet  as  formed  by  the  reflec- 
tion of  the  hyaloid  membrane  into  the  interior 
of  the  vitreous  body  around  the  nutritious  artery 
of  the  lens.  M.  Cruveilhier  has  never  been  able 
to  see  it. 

Canal,  Inci'site,  see  Palatine  canals — c.  Infra- 
orbitar,  Suborbitar  canal — c.  Infiexe  de  I'os  tem- 
jyoral,  Carotid  canal — c.  Intermediare  dee  ventri- 
cides,  Aqufeductus  Sylvii. 

Canal  Intes'tinal.  Cana'Us  seu  Ductus  intes- 
tina'Us.  The  portion  of  the  digestive  canal  formed 
by  the  intestines. 

Canal  op  Jacobson,  Canal,  tympanic. 

Canal,  Med'ullart.  The  cylindrical  cavity 
in  the  body  or  shaft  of  a  long  bone,  which  con- 
wins  the  marrow. 

Canal,  Nasal,  Lachrymal  canal. 

Canal  op  Nuck.  A  cylindrical  sheath  formed 
around  the  round  ligaments  of  the  uterus  by  a 
prolongation  of  the  peritoneum  into  the  inguinal 
eanal. 


CANAL  DE  PETIT,  Godronni  canal— e. 
Pulmo-aortique,  Arterial  duct  —  c.  Rachidian, 
Vertebral  canal. 

Canal  of  Schlemm.  A  minute  circular  canal, 
discovered  by  Professor  Schlemm,  of  Berlin.  It 
is  situate  at  the  point  of  union  of  the  cornea  and 
sclerotica. 

Canal,  Spinal,  Vertebral  canal— ^c.  Spiroule 
de  I'os  temporal,  Aquseductus  Fallopii — c.  de  Ste- 
non,  Ductus  salivalis  superior  —  c.  Thoraeiqne, 
Thoracic  duet — c.  Yeineux,  Canal,  venous  —  c. 
Vulvo-uterine,  Vagina  —  c.  de  Warthon,  Ductus 
salivalis  inferior. 

Canal,  Tym'panic,  Cana'Us  tympan'ictts.  Canal 
of  Ja'cobson.  A  canal  which  opens  on  the  lower 
surface  of  the  petrous  portion  of  the  temporal 
bone,  between  the  carotid  eanal  and  the  groove 
for  the  internal  jugular  vein.  It  contains  Jacob- 
son's  nerve. 

Canal,  Venous,  Cana'Us  seu  Ductus  veno'sus, 
(F.)  Canal  veineux.  A  canal,  which  exists  only 
in  the  foetus.  It  extends  from  the  bifurcation  of 
the  umbilical  vein  to  the  vena  cava  inferior,  into 
which  it  opens  below  the  diaphragm.  At  times, 
it  ends  in  one  of  the  infra-hepatic  veins.  It  pours 
into  the  cava  a  part  of  the  blood,  which  passes 
from  the  placenta  by  the  umbilical  vein.  After 
birth,  it  becomes  a  fibro-cellular  cord. 

Canal  op  "Wirsung,  see  Pancreas. 

CANA'LES  BRESCHETL  Canals  in  the 
diploe  for  the  passage  of  veins ;  so  called  after 
M.  Breschet. 

Canales  Circttlares,  Semicircular  canals — c 
Cochleag,  Scalse  of  the  cochlea — e.  Lachrymales, 
Lachrymal  ducts — c.  Membranei  renum,  see  Calix 
— c.  Tubasformes,  Semicircular  canals. 

CANALICULATED,  Grooved. 

CANALICULATUS,  Cannele,  Grooved. 

CANALICULE,  Grooved. 

CANALICULI  HAVERSIANS  Canals,  nu- 
tritive  —  c.  Lachrymales,  Lachrymal  duets — c. 
Limacum,  Lachrymal  ducts  —  c.  Semicirculares, 
Semicircular  canals — c.  Vasculosi,  Canals,  nutri- 
tive— c.  of  Bone,  see  Laeunee  of  Bone. 

CANALICULUS,  diminutive  of  canalis,  'a 
channel.'  A  small  channel.    See  Lacunee  of  Bone. 

CANALIS,  Meatus — c.  Arteriosus,  Arterial 
duct — c.  Bichatii,  Canal,  arachnoid — c.  Canalicu- 
latus.  Gorget — c.  Caroticus,  Carotid  canal — c.  De- 
ferens, Deferens,  vas  —  c.  Eminentise  quadrige- 
minse,  Aquseductus  Sylvii — c.  Intestinomm,  In- 
testinal tube — c.  Lachrymalis,  Lachrymal  or  nasal 
duct — c.  Medius,  Aquseductus  Sylvii — c.  MedulljB 
Spinalis,  see  Vertebral  column — c.  Nerveus  fistu- 
losus  renum.  Ureter — c.  Orbitae  nasalis,  Lachry- 
mal or  nasal  duct  —  c.  Scalarum  communis,  In- 
fundibulum  of  the  cochlea — c.  Semicircularis  ho- 
rizontalis,  see  Semicircular  Canals  —  c.  Semicir- 
cularis verticalis  posterior,  see  Semicircular  Ca- 
nals—  c.  Semicircularis  verticalis  superior,  see 
Semicircular  canals — c.  Tympanicus,  Canal,  tym- 
panic— c.  Urinarius,  Urethra — c.  Vidianus,  Pte- 
rygoid canal. 

CANALS  OF  HAVERS,  Canals,  nutritive  of 
bones — c.  Haversian,  Canals,  nutritive,  of  bones. 

Canals,  Nutritive,  Canals  for  the  nutrition 
of  bones.  Ductus  nutrit"ii,  Canalic'uU  vasculo'si 
sen  Haversia'ni,  Haver'sian  Canals,  Canals  of 
Havers,  (F.)  Canaux  nourriciers  ou  dn  Nutrition 
des  OS,  Conduits  nourriciers  ou  nntriciers.  The 
canals  through  which  the  vessels  pass  to  the 
bones.  They  are  lined  by  a  very  fine  lamina  of 
compact  texture,  or  are  formed  in  the  texture 
itself.  There  is,  generally,  one  large  nutritious 
canal  in  a  long  bone,  situate  towards  its  middle. 

CANAPACIA,  Artemisia  vulsaris. 

CANARIES,  CLIMATE  OF.  The  climate 
of  the  Canaries  greatly  resembles  that  of  Ma- 
deira.     That  of  the   latter,    however,   is   more 


CAKARIUM  COMMUNE 


165 


GANGER 


equable,   and   the   accommodation    for   invalids 
much  superior. 

CANARIUM  COMMUNE,  see  Amyris  elemi- 

CANARY-SEED,  Phalaris  Canariensis. 

CANAUX  AQUEUX,  see  Aqueous— c.  Bemi- 
drculaires,  Semicircular  canals — c.  Ejaculateurs, 
Ejaculatory  ducts — c.  Nourriciers,  Canals,  nutri- 
tive— c.  de  Nutrition  des  os,  Canals,  nutritive. 

CANAUX  DE  TRANSMISSION.  Accord- 
ing to  Bichat,  the  bony  canals  intended  to  give 
passage  to  vessels  and  nerves  going  to  parts  more 
or  less  distant;  as  the  Cana'lis  Carot'icus,  &c. 

CANAUX  VEINEUX,  Venous  Canals.  The 
canals  situate  in  the  diploe,  which  convey  venous 
•blood. 

CAN'CAMUM.  A  mixture  of  several  gums 
and  resins,  exported  from  Africa,  where  it  is  used 
to  deterge  wounds.  Dioseorides  calls,  by  the 
name  KayKajiov,  the  tears  from  an  Arabian  tree, 
which  are  similar  to  myrrh,  and  of  a  disagreea- 
ble taste.  He  advises  it  in  numerous  diseases. 
This  name  is  given,  also,  to  the  Anime. 

CANCAMY,  Anime. 

CAN'CELLATED,  Cancella'tus,  (F.)  GancelU; 
from  Caneelli,  'lattice-work.'  Formed  of  can- 
celli,  as  the  '  cancellated  structure  of  bone.' 

CANCEL'LI,  'Lattice-work.'  The  Cellular 
or  Spongy  Texture  of  Bones,  (F.)  Tiasu  celluleux; 
consisting  of  numerous  cells,  communicating  with 
«ach  other.  They  contain  a  fatty  matter,  analo- 
gous to  marrow.  This  texture  is  met  with,  prin- 
cipally, at  the  extremities  of  long  bones ;  and 
some  of  the  short  bones  consist  almost  wholly  of 


it.  It  allows  of  the  expansion  of  the  extremities 
of  bones,  without  adding  to  their  weight;  and 
deadens  concussions. 

CANCEL'LUS,  from  cancer,  'a  crab.'  A  spe- 
cies of  crayfish,  called  the  Wrong  Heir,  and  Her- 
nard  the  Hermit :  which  is  said  to  cure  rheuma- 
tism, if  rubbed  on  the  part. 

CANCER,  '  a  crab.'  Car'cinos,  Lupus  cancro'- 
sus.  A  disease,  so  called  either  on  account  of  the 
hideous  appearance  which  the  ulcerated  cancer 
presents,  or  on  account  of  the  great  veins  which 
surround  it,  and  which  the  ancients  compared  to 
the  claws  of  the  crab :  called  also  Carcino'ma. 
It  consists  of  a  scirrhous,  livid  tumour,  inter- 
sected by  firm,  whitish,  divergent  bands ;  and 
occurs  chiefly  in  the  secernent  glands.  The 
pains  are  acute  and  lancinating,  and  often  extend 
to  other  parts.  The  tumour,  ultimately,  termi- 
nates in  a  fetid  and  ichorous  ulcer,  —  Ulcus 
cansro'sum.  It  is  distinguished,  according  to  its 
stages,  into  occult  and  open;  the  former  being 
the  scirrhous,  the  latter  the  ulcerated  condition. 
At  times,  there  is  a  simple  destruction  or  erosion 
of  the  organs,  at  others,  an  encephaloid  or  cere- 
hriform,  and,  at  others,  again,  a  colloid  degene- 
ration. 

For  its  production,  it  requires  a  peculiar  dia- 
thesis, or  cachexia.  The  following  table,  from 
Dr.  Walshe,  exhibits  the  characters  of  the  three 
species  of  carcinoma : 

The  use  of  irritants  in  cancerous  affections  is 
strongly  to  be  deprecated.  When  the  disease  is 
so  situate  that  excision  can  be  practised,  the 
sooner  it  is  removed  the  better. 


Encephaloid. 

Resembles  lobulated  cerebral 
matter. 

Is  commonly  opake  from  its  ear- 
liest formation. 

Is  of  a  dead  white  colour. 

Contains  a  multitude  of  minute 
vessels. 

Is  less  hard  and  dense  than  scir- 
rhus. 

Is  frequently  found  in  the  veins 
issuing  from  the  diseased  mass. 

The  predominant  microscopical 
elements  are  globular,  not  always 
distinctly  cellular,  and  caudate  cor- 
puscula. 

Occasionally  attains  an  enor- 
mous bulk. 

Has  been  observed  in  almost 
every  tissue  of  the  body. 

Very  commonly  co-exists  in  se- 
veral parts  or  organs  of  the  same 
subject. 

Is  remarkable  for  its  occasional 
vast  rapidity  of  growth. 

Is  frequently  the  seat  of  insterti- 
tial  hemorrhage  and  deposition  of 
black  or  bistre-coloured  matter. 

When  softened  into  a  pulp,  ap- 
pears as  a  dead  white  or  pink  opake 
matter  of  creamy  consistence. 

Subcutaneous  tumours  are  slow 
to  contract  adhesion  with  the  skin. 

Ulcerated  encephaloid  is  fre- 
quently the  seat  of  hemorrhage, 
followed  by  rapid  fungous  develop- 
ment. 


The  progress  of  the  disease  after 
ulceration  is  commonly  very  rapid. 

It  is  the  most  common  form  un- 
der which  secondary  cancer  exhi- 
bits itself 

Is  the  species  of  cancer  most  fre- 
quently observed  in  young  subjects. 


Scirrhus. 

Resembles  rind  of  bacon  tra- 
versed by  cellulo-fibrous  septa. 

Has  a  semi-transparent  glossi- 
ness. 

Has  a  clear  whitish  or  bluish 
yellow  tint. 

Is  comparatively  ill-supplied  with 
vessels. 

Is  exceedingly  firm  and  dense. 


Has  not  been  distinctly  detected 
in  this  situation. 

The  main  microscopical  consti- 
tuents are  juxtaposed  nuclear  cells ; 
caudate  corpuscular  do  not  exist 
in  it. 

Rarely  acquires  larger  dimen- 
sions than  an  orange. 

Us  seat,  as  ascertained  by  obser- 
vation, is  somewhat  more  limited. 

Is  not  unusually  solitary. 


Ordinarily  grows  slowly. 

Is  comparatively  rarely  the  seat 
of  these  changes. 

Resembles,  when  softened,  a  yel- 
lowish brown  semitransparent  ge- 
latinous matler. 

Scirrhus  thus  situate  usually  be- 
comes adherent. 

Scirrhous  ulcers  much  less  fre- 
quently give  rise  to  hemorrhage  ; 
and  fungous  growths  (provided 
they  retain  the  scirrhous  charac- 
ter) are  now  more  slowly  and  less 
abundantly  developed. 

There  is  not  such  a  remarkable 
change  in  the  rate  of  progress  of  the 
disease  after  ulceration  has  set  in. 


Is  much  less  common  before  pu- 
berty. 


Colloid. 

Has  the  appearance  of  particles  of 
jelly  inlaid  in  a  regular  alveolar  bed. 

The  contained  matter  is  strik- 
ingly transparent. 

Greenish  yellow  is  its  predomi- 
nant hue. 

Its  vessels  have  not  been  suffi- 
ciently examined  as  yet. 

The  jelly-like  matter  is  exceed- 
ingly soft ;  a  colloid  mass  is,  how- 
ever, firm  and  resisting. 

The  pultaceous  variety  has  been 
detected  in  the  veins. 

Is  composed  of  shells  in  a  state 
of  emboilement. 


Observes  a  mean  in  this  respect. 

Has  so  far  been  seen  in  a  limited 
number  of  parts  only. 

Has  rarely  been  met  with  in  more 
than  one  organ. 

Grows  with  a  medium  degree  af 
rapidity,  j 


Undergoes  no  visible  change  of 
the  kind. 


Has  so  far  been  observed  in  adults 
only. 


CANCER 


166 


CANINE 


Cancer  Alteolaeis,  Colloid. 

Cancer  Aquat'icus,  Oan'grenous  stomati'tia, 
Cancnim  Oris,  Gangrmnop'sis,  Canker  of  the 
mouth,  Gangrenous  sore  motUh,  Sloughing  Phage- 
dw'na  of  the  mouth.  Water  Canker :  called,  also, 
AphthcB  serpen' tes,  Gangrm'na  Oris,  Noma,  Nome, 
Nomus,  Pseudocarcino'ma  la'hii,  Stomac'ace  gan- 
grcBHo'sa,  Cheiloc' ace,  Uloc'ace,  Uli'tis  sep'tica, 
Cheilomala' cia,  Scorbu'tus  Oris,  Stomatomala' cia 
])u'trida,  Stomatosep'sis,  Stomatonecro'sis,  Car- 
bun' cuius  labio'rum  et  genu' rum,  (P.)  Cancer 
aquatique,  Stomatite  gangreneuse,  S.  Charbon- 
neuse,  Gangrene  de  la  Bouche,  Sphacele  de  la 
Bouche,  Fegarite,  Aphthe  gangreneux.  Certain 
sloughing  or  gangrenous  ulcers  of  the  mouth, — 
60  called,  perhaps,  because  they  are  often  accom- 
panied with  an  afflux  of  saliva.  The  disease  is 
not  uncommon  in  children's  asylums,  and  de- 
mands the  same  treatment  as  hospital  gangrene ; 
— the  employment  of  caustics,  and  internal  and 
external  antiseptics. 

CANCER  AQUATIQUE,  Cancer  aquaticus, 
Stomacace — c.  Areolaire,  Colloid — c.  Astacus,  see 
Cancrorum  chelae  —  c.  Black,  Melanosis  —  c.  Ca- 
minariorum.  Cancer,  chimney-sweepers' — c.  Cel- 
lular, Encephaloid — c.  Cerebriforme,  see  Ence- 
phaloid. 

Cancer,  Chimney-sweepers',  Sootwart,  Can- 
cer m.undito'ruin.  Cancer  purgato'ris  infumic'idi. 
Dancer  scu  carcino'nia  scroti.  Cancer  caminario' - 
rum,  Oscheocarcino'ma,  Oschocarcino'ma,  (F.) 
Cancer  des  Mamoneurs.  This  affection  begins 
■with  a  superficial,  painful,  irregular  ulcer  with 
hard  and  elevated  edges  occupying  the  lower 
part  of  the  scrotum.  Extirpation  of  the  diseased 
part  is  the  only  means  of  effecting  a  cure. 

Cancer,  Davidson's  Remedy  for,  see  Coni- 
um  maculatum — c.  du  Foie,  Hepatosarcomie — c. 
Fibrous,  Scirrhus. 

Cancer  Gale'ni,  (F.)  Cancer  de  Galien.  A 
bandage  for  the  head,  to  which  Galen  gave  the 
name  cancer,  from  its  eight  heads  resembling, 
rudely,  the  claws  of  the  crab.  It  is  now  sup- 
plied by  the  bandage  with  six  chefs  or  heads, 
•which  is  called  the  Bandage  of  Galen  or  B.  of 
the  Poor. 

CANCER  DE  GALIEN,  Cancer  Galeni— c. 
Gelatiniform,  Colloid — c.  Gelatinous,  Colloid — e. 
Hard,  Scirrhus  —  c.  Intestinorum,  Enteropathia 
caneerosa — c.  des  Intestins,  Enteropathia  eance- 
rosa  —  c.  of  the  Lung,  Phthisis,  cancerous  —  c. 
Lupus,  Lupus  —  c.  Medullaris,  Encephaloid  —  c. 
i^^lseneus,  Melanosis — c.  Melane,  Melanosis  —  c. 
Melanodes,  Cancer,  melanotic. 

Cancer,  Melanot'ic,  Cancer  melano' des,  Car- 
cino'ma  melano'des.  A  combination  of  cancer 
and  melanosis. 

Cancer  Mollis,  see  Encephaloid  —  e.  3Iou, 
Encephaloid — c.  Munditorum,  Cancer,  chimney- 
sweepers'— c.  Oculi,  Scirrhophthalmus — c.  Oris, 
Stomacace — c.  Ossis,  Spina  ventosa — c.  Pharyn- 
gis  et  oesophagi,  Laemoscirrhus  —  c.  Purgatoris 
infumiculi.  Cancer,  chimney-sweepers'  —  c.  Scir- 
rhosus,  Scirrhus  —  c.  Scroti,  Cancer,  chimney- 
ssreepers' — c.  Soft,  Hsematodes  fungus — c.  of  the 
Stomach,  Gastrostenosis  cardiaca  et  pylorica — c. 
Uteri,  Metro-carcinoma. 

CANGEREUX,  Cancerous. 

CANCER  ROOT,  Orobanche  Virginiana,  Phy- 
tolacca decandra. 

CANCEROMA,  Carcinoma. 

CAN'CEROUS,  Cancro'sus,  Carcino'sm,  (F.) 
CaticSreux.  Relating  to  cancer  j  as  Cancerous 
%tlcer,  Cancerous  diathesis,  &e. 

CANCHALAGUA,  Chironia  Chilensis. 

OANCRENA,  Gangrene. 

CAN'CROID,  Cancro'dea,  CancroVdea,  Carci- 


no'des,  Carcino'ides,  Cancro'i'deus,  from  cancer 
and  uSos,  'form.'  That  which  assumes  a  can- 
cerous appearance.  Cancroid  is  a  name  given 
to  certain  cutaneous  cancers  by  Alibert :  called 
also  Cheloid  or  Keloid  (x^^^^'  '  ^  tortoise,'  and 
siSos,  'likeness,')  from  their  presenting  a  flattish 
raised  patch  of  integument,  resembling  the  shell 
of  a  tortoise. 

CANCROMA,  Carcinoma. 

CANCRO'RUM  CHELiE,  Oe'ult  vel  Lap'idea 
Cancro'rum,  Lapil'li  eancro'rum,  Concremen'ta 
As'taci  fluviat'ilis,  Crab's  stones  or  eyes,  (F.) 
Yeux  d'Screvise.  Concretions  found,  particu- 
larly, in  the  Cancer  As' tacus  or  Cray-fish.  They 
consist  of  carbonate  and  phosphate  of  lime,  and 
possess  antacid  virtues,  but  not  more  than  chalk. 

CANCROSUS,  Cancerous,  Chancreuse. 

CANCRUM  ORIS,  Cancer  Aquaticus,  Sto- 
macace. 

CANDELA,  Bougie  —  c.  Fumalis,  Pastil — c 
Medicata,  Bougie  —  c.  Regia,  Verbascum  ni» 
grum. 

CANDELAPiIA,  Verbascum  nigrum. 

CANDI,  Candum,  Canthum,  Can'tion:  'white, 
bleached,  purified.'  Purified  and  crystallized 
sugar.     See  Saccharum. 

CANDIDUM  OVI,  Albumen  ovi. 

CANDYTUFT,  BITTER,  Iberis  amara. 

CANEFLOWER,  PURPLE,  Echinacea  pur- 
purea. 

CANE,  SUGAR,  see  Saccharum  —  c.  Sweet, 
Acorus  calamus. 

CANELE,  Grooved. 

CANELLA,  see  Canella  alba. 

Canel'la  Alba,  diminutive  of  Canna,  '  a  reed/ 
so  called  because  its  bark  is  rolled  up  like  a  reed. 
Cortex  Wintera'ntis  spu'rius,  Canella  Ciiba'na,  C. 
Wintera'nia,  Cinnamo'mum  album.  Cortex  Anti- 
scorhu'ticus,  C.  Aromat'icus,  Costus  cortico'sue, 
Camin'ga,  Canella  of  Linnasus,  and  of  Ph.  U.  S., 
Canella  Bark,  Canella,  (F.)  Canelle  ou  Canelle 
blanche,  Fausse  Ecorce  de  Winter,  Ecorce  Cario- 
costine.  Fam.  Magnoliaceae.  &ex.  Syst.  Dode- 
candria  Monogynia.  This  bark  is  a  pungent 
aromatic.  Its  virtues  are  partly  extracted  by 
water;  entirely  by  alcohol.  It  is  a  stimulant, 
and  is  added  to  bitters  and  cathartics. 

Canella  Caryophyllata,  Myrtus  caryophyl- 
lata — c.  Cubana,  C.  alba,  Laurus  cassia — c.  Mala.- 
barica  et  Javensis,  Laurus  cassia. 

CANELLIFERA  MALABARICA,  Laurus 
cassia. 

CANEPIN,  (F.)  A  fine  lamb's  skin  or  goat's 
skin,  used  for  trying  the  quality  of  lancets. 

CANICACEOUS,  Furfuraceous. 

CAN'IC^.  Meal,  in  which  there  is  much 
bran.  Also,  coarse  bread ;  or  bread  in  which 
there  is  much  bran — Panis  Canica'ceus. 

CANICIDA,  Aconitum. 

CANIC'ULA;  the Bogstar,  from  caw's,  'a  dog;* 
Seipios,  Sirius,  (F.)  Canicule.  This  star,  which 
gives  its  name  to  the  Dogdays,  Dies  canicida'rea, 
because  they  commence  when  the  sun  rises  with 
it,  was  formerly  believed  to  exert  a  powerful  in- 
fluence on  the  animal  economy.  The  Dog-daya 
occur  at  a  period  of  the  year  when  there  is  gene- 
rally great  and  oppressive  heat,  and  therefore — 
it  has  been  conceived — a  greater  liability  to  dis- 
ease. 

CANIF,  Knife. 

CANIN,  Canine, 

CANINAN^  RADIX,  Caincse  radix. 

CANINE,  Cani'nus,  Cyn'icus,  kvvikos,  from 
canis,  'a  dog.'  (F.)  Canin.  That  which  has  a 
resemblance  to  the  structure,  <fec.,  of  a  dog. 

Canine  Fossa,  Fossa  Cani'na,  Infra-orbitar  or 
Suborbitar  fossa,  (F.)  Fosse   Canine.     A    small 


CANINUS 


167 


CAPBERN 


depression  on  the  superior  maxillary  bone,  above 
the  deiis  caninus,  which  gives  attachment  to  the 
caniniia  or  levator  anguli  oris  muscle. 

Canine  Laugh,  Sardon'ic  laugh,  Hisus  Gani'- 
nus  seu  Sardon'icus  seu  Sardo'nius,  H.  de  Sardo'- 
nia,  li.  involunta'riua,  R.  spas'ticus,  Tortu'ra 
Oris,  Distor'sio  Oris,  Gelas'mus,  Sardi'asis,  Sar- 
doni'asis,  Trismus  Sardon'icus  seu  ci/n'icus.  Spas- 
mus muscidorum  faciei  seu  cyn'icus,  Prosoposj^as'- 
mus,  (F.)  Mis  canin,  R.  Sardonique,  R.  Sardonien, 
R.  moqueur.  A  sort  of  laugh,  the  facial  expres- 
sion of  which  is  produced  particularly  by  the 
spasmodic  contraction  of  the  Caninus  muscle. 
Probably,  this  expression,  as  well  as  Cynic  Spasm, 
Spasmus  caninus  seu  cyn'icus,  Convul'sio  cani'na, 
Trismus  cyn'icus,  may  have  originated  in  the  re- 
semblance of  the  affection  to  certain  movements 
in  the  upper  lip  of  the  dog.  The  Risus  Sardon'- 
icus is  said  to  have  been  so  called  from  similar 
symptoms  having  been  induced  by  a  kind  of  Ra- 
nunculus that  grows  in  Sardinia. 

CANiJfE  Teeth,  Denies  Cani'ni,  Cynodon'tes,  D. 
Lania' rii,  D.  angula'res,  cuspida'ti,  columella'res, 
ocula'res,  morden'tes,  Eye  Teeth,  (F.)  Dents  ca- 
nines, laniaires,  angulaires,  ocidaires,  ceilleres  ou 
cono'ides.  The  teeth  between  the  lateral  incisors 
and  small  molares,  of  each  jaw, •  —  so  named  be- 
cause they  resemble  the  teeth  of  the  dog. 

CANINUS,  Levator  anguli  oris  —  c.  Sentis, 
Rosa  canina — c.  Spasmus,  see  Canine  Laugh. 

CANIRAM,  Strychnos  nux  vomica. 

CANIRAMINUM,  Brucine. 

CANIRUBUS,  Rosa  canina. 

CANIS  INTERFECTOR,  Veratrum  sababilla 
— c.  Ponticus,  Castor  fiber. 

CANIT"IES,  from  canus,  'white.'  WJiiteness 
or  grayness  of  the  hair,  and  especially  of  that  of 
the  head.  (F.)  Canitie.  When  occurring  in  con- 
sequence of  old  age,  it  is  not  a  disease.  Some- 
times, it  happens  suddenly,  and  apparently  in 
consequence  of  severe  mental  emotion.  The 
causes,  however,  are  not  clear.     See  Poliosis. 

CANKER,  Stomacace — c.  of  the  Mouth,  Can- 
cer aquaticus — e.  Water,  Cancer  aquaticus. 

CANNA,  see  Tous-les-Mois,  Cassia  fistula. 
Trachea — c.  Brachii,  Ulna — c.  Domestica  cruris. 
Tibia — e.  Fistula,  Cassia  fistular— c.  Indiea,  Sa- 
gittarium  alexipharmaeum  —  c.  Major,  Tibia  — 
c.  Minor,  Fibula,  Radius  —  c.  Solutiva,  Cassia 
fistula. 

CANNABIN,  Bangue. 

CANNAB'INA,  from  Kavvajii;,  'hemp.'  Reme- 
dies composed  of  Cannabis  Indiea. — Pereira. 

Cannabina  Aquatica,  Eupatorium  cannabinum. 

CANNABIS  INDICA,  Bangue.  See,  also, 
Churrus,  and  Gunjah. 

Can'nabis  Sati'va,  (F.)  Chanvre,  Chambrie. 
The  seed  of  this — Hempseed,  Sem'ina  Can'nabis, 
(F.)  Chenevis,  is  oily  and  mucilaginous.  The 
decoction  is  sometimes  used  in  gonorrhoea. 

CANNACORUS  RADICE  CROCEA,  Curcu- 
ma longa. 

GANNA3IELLE,  see  Saecharum. 

CANNE  AROMATIQUE,  Acorus  calamus— 
c.  Congo,  Costus  —  c.  de  Riviere,  Costus  —  c.  d 
Sucre,  see  Saecharum. 

CANNEBERGE,  Vaccinium  oxycoccos  —  c. 
Ponctu&e,  Vaccinium  vitis  ideea. 

CANNE LE  ou  CANELE,  (F.)  from  canali^, 
'a  canal:'  Sidca'tiis,  Stria' tiis,  Canalicula'tus. 
Having  a  canal  or  groove  —  as  Muscle  cannele 
(Lieutaud,)  the  Gemini;  Corps  canneles  ou  stries, 
the  Corpora  striata;  Sonde  cannelee,  a  grooved 
sound,  &c.     See  Grooved. 

GANNELLE,  Laurus  cinnamomum  —  c. 
Blanche,  Canella  alba  —  c.  de  la  Chine,  Laurus 
cassia  —  c.  de  Coromandel,  Laurus  cassia  —  c. 
Fausse,  Laurus  cassia — c.  Girojiee,  Myrtus  cary- 


ophyllata — c.  t?es 7ncZe«,  Laurus  cassia — c.  deJava, 
Laurus  cassia — e.  de  Malabar,  Laurus  cassia — c. 
Matte,  Laurus  cassia — c.  Officinale,  Laurus  cin- 
namomum— c.  Poioree,  see  \^'intera  aromatica. 

CANNULA,  Canula. 

CANNULA  PULMONUM,  Bronchia. 

CANOPUM,  see  Sambueus. 

CANOR  STETHOSCOPICUS,  Tintement  mi~ 
tallique. 

CANTABRICA,  Convolvulus  Cantabrica. 

CANTABRUNO,  Furfur. 

CANTARELLUS,  Meloe  proscarabaeus. 

CANTATIO,  Charm. 

CANTERBURY,  WATERS  OF,  Aqum  Can- 
tuarien'ses.  The  waters  of  Canterbury  in  Kent, 
England,  are  impregnated  with  iron,  sulphur,  and 
carbonic  acid. 

CANTERIUM,  Cantherius.  , 

CANTHARIDE  T ACHE  TEE,  Lytta  vittata. 

CANTHARIDINE,  see  Cantharis. 

CAN'THARIS,  from  (cav^apoj,  '  s,  scarabaus  ;' 
Miisca  Hispan'ica,  Mel'oe  vesicato'rius,  Cantharis 
vesicato'ria,  Lytta  vesicato'ria.  Blistering  Fly, 
Blisterfly,  Bli'sterbeeile,  SjMnish  Fly,  Fly,  (E.) 
Gantharides,  Jlouches,  M.  d'Esjiagne.  This  fly 
is  much  employed  in  medicine.  It  is  the  most 
common  vesicatory.  Given  internally,  and  even 
when  absorbed  from  the  skin,  it  affects  the  uri- 
nary organs,  exciting  strangury.  This  maj''  be 
prevented,  in  cases  of  blisters,  by  interposing  be- 
tween the  blistering  plaster  and  skin  a  piece  of 
tissue  paper.  Diluents  relieve  the  strangury. 
Dose,  half  a  grain  to  one  grain.  If  kept  dry,  the 
flies  will  retain  their  activity  for  many  years. 
Their  active  principle.  Can' thai-id  in,  Gantharidi'  - 
na,  has  been  separated  from  them. 

Cantharis  Vittata,  Lytta  vittata. 

CANTHE'RIUS,  Cante'rium.  The  cross-piece 
of  wood  in  the  apparatus  used  by  Hippocrates  for 
reducing  luxations  of  the  humerus. 

CANTHI'TIS.  Inflammation  of  the  canthus 
of  the  eye.  _ 

CANTHOPLAS'TICE,  from  »cav5o?,  'the  angle 
of  the  eye,'  and  TrXao-riKOf,  'formative.'  The 
formation,  by  plastic  operation,  of  the  angle  of 
the  eye. 

CANTHUM,  Candi. 

CANTHUS,  Epican'this,  An'gulus  ocula'ris, 
Fons  lachryma'rum.  The  corner  or  angle  of  the 
eye.  The  greater  canthtis  is  the  inner  angle, 
Hircus,  Hir'quus,  Rhanter ;  the  lesser  caiithue, 
the  outer  anc/le,  Paro'pia,  Pega. 

CANTIA'NUS  PULVIS.  A  cordial  powder, 
known  under  the  name  '  Countess  of  Kent's  pow- 
der,' composed  of  coral,  amber,  crab's  eyes,  pre- 
pared pearls,  &c.     It  was  given  in  cancer. 

CANTION,  Candi. 

CAN'ULA,  Gan'nula,  Aii'liscus,  Avlos.  Di- 
minutive of  Canna,  'a  reed;'  Tu'bvlus,  (F.) 
Canule  ou  Gannule.  A  small  tube  of  gold,  silver, 
platinum,  iron,  lead,  wood,  elastic  gum,  or  gutta 
percha,  used  for  various  purposes  in  surgery. 

CA'OUTCHOUC.  The  Indian  name  for  In- 
dian Rubber,  Elas'tic  Gum,  Gum  Elastic,  Gummi 
elas'ticum,  Cauchuc,  Resi'na  elas'tica  seu  Cayen- 
nen'sis,  Cayenne  Resin,  Cautchvc.  A  substance 
formed  from  the  milky  juice  of  Hce'vea  seu  Hevea 
Guianen'sis,  Jat'ropha  elas'tica  seu  Sipho'nia 
Cahuchu,  S.  elas'tica,  Fictis  Indiea,  a,nd  Artoear'- 
pns  integrifo'lia: — South  American  trees.  It  is 
insoluble  in  water  and  alcohol;  but  boiling  water 
softens  and  swells  it.  It  is  soluble  in  the  es- 
sential oils  and  in  eth<-r,  when  it  may  be  blown 
into  bladders.  It  is  used  in  the  fabrication  of 
catheters,  bougies,  pessaries,  (fee. 

CAP,  PITCH,  see  Depilatory. 

CAPA-ISIAKKA  :  ^romelia  ananas. 

CAPBERN,    WATERS    OF.     ^apborn   la  in 


CAPELET 


168 


CAPSICUM 


the  department  Hautes-Pyren^es,  Frame.  The 
waters  contain  sulphates  and  carbonates  of  lime 
and  magnesia,  and  chloride  of  magnesium.  Tem- 
perature, 75°  Fahrenheit.     They  are  purgative. 

CAPELET,  Myrtus  caryophyllata. 

CAPELI'NA,  Capelli'na,  (F.)  C'apeline ,-  A 
Vr'oinan'a  Hat,  mFrench.;  Capis'trum,  from  caput, 
'  head.'  A  sort  of  bandage,  which,  in  shape,  re- 
st'inbles  a  riding-hood.  There  are  several  kinds 
of  Capelinea.  1.  That  of  the  head,  C.  de  la  tete, 
Fan'cia  capita'lis.  See  Bonnet  d'Hippocrate.  G. 
of  the  clavicle,  employed  in  fractures  of  the  acro- 
mion, clavicle  and  spine  of  the  scapula.  C.  of  an 
amputated  limb — the  bandage  applied  round  the 
stump. 

CAPELLINA,  Capelina. 

CAPER  BUSH,  Capparis  spinosa. 

CAPER  PLANT,  Euphorbia  lathyris. 

CAPERS,  see  Capparis  spinosa. 

CAPETUS,  Imperforation. 

CAPHORA,  Camphor. 

CAPHURA,  Camphor. 

CAP  ILL  AIRE,  Capillary,  see  Adiantum 
eapillus  veneris  —  c.  du  Canada,  Adiantum  pe- 
datum  —  c.  de  Montpellier,  Adiantum  capUlus 
veneris. 

CAPILLAMEN'TUM,  from  Oapillm,  'a.  hair,' 
Capillit"inm,  Tricho'ma,  Trichoma' tion.  Any 
villous  or  hairy  covering.  Also,  a  small  fibre  or 
fibril. 

CAP'ILLART,  Capilla'ris,  Capilla'ceus,  from 
eapillus,  'a  hair.'  (F.)  Capillaire.  Hair-Uke; 
small. 

Cap'illary  Vessels,  Yaaa  capilla'ria,  (F.) 
Vaisseaux  capillaires,  are  the  extreme  radicles 
of  the  arteries  and  veins,  which  together  consti- 
tute the  capillary,  intermediate,  or  peripheral 
vascular  system, — the  methcB'mata  or  methcemat- 
ous  blood  channels  of  Dr.  Marshall  Hall.  They 
possess  an  action  distinct  from  that  of  the  heart. 

CAPILLATIO,  Trichismus. 

CAPILLATUS,  Impuber. 

CAPILLITIUM,  Capillamentum,  Entropion, 
Scalp. 

CAPILLORUM  DEFLUVIUM,  Alopecia. 

CAPIL'LUS,  qusi%i  Capitis Pilus,  Coma,  Chate, 
Crinis,  Pilv-s,  Thrix,  Ccesa'ries,  (F.)  Cheveu. 
This  term  is  generally  applied  to  the  hair  of  the 
head,  Pili  seu  Honor  cap'itis,  the  characters  of 
which  vary,  according  to  races,  individuals,  Ac. 
Hairs  arise  in  the  areolar  membrane,  where  the 
bulb  is  placed,  and  are  composed  of  two  parts— 
one,  external,  tubular,  and  transparent,  of  an 
epidermoid  character;  the  other,  internal  and 
sui  generis,  which  communicates  to  them  their 
colour.  The  hair  is  insensible,  and  grows  from 
the  root. 

Capilltjs  Veneris,  Adiantum  eapillus  veneris 
— c.  V.  Canadensis,  Adiantum  pedatum. 

CAPIPLE'NIUM,  Capitiple'nium,  from  caput, 
'the  head,'  and  plenum,  'full.'  A  word,  employed 
with  different  significations.  A  variety  of  catarrh. 
—  Schneider.  A  heaviness  or  disorder  in  the 
head  common  at  Rome,  like  the  KaptjPapta,  Care- 
hnria,  of  the  Greeks. — Baglivi. 

CAPISTRATIO,  Phimosis. 

CAPISTRUM,  Capeline,  Chevestre,  Trismus— 
c.  Auri,  Borax. 

Capis'trum,  Phimos,  Cemos,  Krjiio;,  '  a  halter.' 
This  name  has  been  given  to  several  bandages 
for  the  head. — See  Capeline,  Chevestre. 

CAPITALTA  REMEDIA,  Cephalic  remedies. 

CAPITALIS,  Cephalic. 

CAPITELLUM,  Alembic,  see  Caput. 

CAPITEUX.  Heady. 

CAPITTLU'VIUM,  from  caput,  'the  head,' 
wd  lavare,  'to  wash.'     A  bath  for  the  head. 


CAPITIPLENIUM,  Capiplenium. 

CAPITIPURGIA,  Caput  purgia. 

CAPITITRAHA,  {rom  caput,  'the  head,' and 
trahere,  'to  draw.'  Instruments  which,  like  the 
forceps,  draw  down  the  head  of  the  foetus  when 
impacted  in  the  pelvis. 

CAPITO'NES,  from  captit,  'the  head.'  lAa- 
crocepjh'ali,  Proeeph'ali.  Foetuses  whose  heads 
are  so  large  as  to  render  labour  difficult. 

CAPITULUM,  Alembic,  Condyle,  see  Caput— 
c.  Costse,  see  Costa  —  c.  Laryngis,  Corniculum 
laryngis  —  c.  Martis,  Eryngium  campestre  —  c. 
Santorini,  Corniculum  laryngis. 

CAPITULUVIUM,  Bath,  (head.) 

CAPNISMOS,  Fumigation. 

CAPNITIS,  Tutia. 

CAPNOIDES  CAVA,  Fumaria  bulbosa. 

CAPNORCHIS,  Fumaria  bulbosa. 

CAPNOS,  Fumaria. 

CAPON,  Carjot. 

CAPON  SPRINGS.  A  pleasant  summer  re- 
treat, situated  in  a  gorge  of  the  North  Mountain, 
in  Hampshire  co.,  Va.,  2.3  miles  W.  of  "Winchester 
The  waters  in  the  vicinity  are  sulphurous  and 
chalybeate;  —  those  at  the  springs  alkaline  and 
diuretic. 

CAPOT,  Car/of. 

CAP'PARIS  SPINO'SA,  Cap'paris,  Cappar, 
Ca'pria,  Prickly  Caper  Bush,  (F.)  Cdprier.  Pa- 
mily,  Capparideae.  Sex.  Syst.  Polyandria  Mono- 
gynia.  The  bark  of  the  root,  and  the  buds, 
have  been  esteemed  astringent  and  diuretic. 
The  buds  are  a  well  known  pickle. — Capers,  (F.) 
Cdjjres. 

Capparis  Badttc'ca,  Baduh'ka.  A  species  of 
caper,  cultivated  in  India  on  account  of  the 
beauty  of  its  flowers.  The  Orientals  make  a 
liniment  with  its  juice,  with  which  they  rub 
pained  parts.     The  flowers  are  purgative. 

CAPPONE, WATERS  OF.  At  Cappone,  in 
the  isle  of  Ischia,  are  waters  containing  carbonate 
of  soda,  chloride  of  sodium  and  carbonate  of  lime. 
Temp.  100°  Fah. 

CAPREOLA'RIS,  from  capreolus,  <a  tendril.' 
Cisso'idea,  Elicoides,  (F.)  Capreolaire.    Twisted. 

Capreola'eia  Vasa.  Some  have  called  thus 
the  spermatic  arteries  and  veins,  on  account  of 
their  numerous  contortions. 

CAPREOLUS,  Helix. 

CAPRES,  see  Capparis  spinosa. 

CAPRIA,  Capparis  spinosa. 

CAPRICORNUS,  Plumbum. 

CARRIER,  Capparis  spinosa. 

CAPRIFOLIA.  Lonicera  periclymenum. 

CAPRIFOLIUM  DISTINCTUM,  Lonicera 
periclymenum — c.  Periclymenum,  Lonicera  peri- 
clymenum —  c.  Sylvaticum,  Lonicera  pericly- 
menum. 

CAPRILOQUIUM,  Egophony. 

CAPRIZANS  PULSUS,  see  Pulse,  caprizant. 

CAPSA,  Boite,  Capsule,  Case — c.  Cordis,  Peri- 
cardium. 

CAPSARIUM,  Rottier. 

CAPSELLA  BURSA  PASTORIS,  Thlaspi 
bursa. 

CAPSICUM,  see  Capsicum  annuum. 

Cap'sicum  AN'jfuujf,  from  Kairru),  'I  bite.'  The 
systematic  name  of  the  plant  whence  Cayenne 
Pepper  is  obtained,  —  Piper  In'dicum  seu  His- 
pnn'icum,  Sola'num  urens,  Siliqnas'trum  Plin'ii, 
Piper  Brazilia'num,  Piper  Guineen'se,  Piper  Ca- 
lecu'ticum,  Piper  Tur'cicum,  C.  Hispnn'icum,  Pi- 
per Lnsitnn'icnm,  Car/enne  Pepper,  Guin'ea  Pep- 
pier, (F.)  Piment,  Poiire  d'  hide,  Poivre  de  Guinee, 
Coroil  des  Jardins.  The  pungent,  aromatic  pro- 
perties of  BacccB  Capsici,  Capsicum  Berries,  Cap. 
sic.um  (Ph.  U.  S.),  are  yielded  to  ether,  alcohol, 
and  water.     They  are  highly  stimulant  and  rube- 


GAPSIQUE 


169 


CARBO 


facient,  and  are  used  as  a  condiment.  Their  ac- 
tive principle  is  called  Gapsicin. 

Capsicum  Hispanicum,  Capsicum  annuum. 

CAPSIQ  UE,  Capsicum  annuum. 

CAPSITIS,  see  Phacitis. 

C APSULA, -Bot^i'er  —  c.  Articularis,  Capsular 
ligament — c.  Cordis,  Pericardium  —  c.  Dentis. 
Dental  follicle  —  c.  Lentis,  see  Crystalline  —  c. 
Nervoi-um,  Neurilemma. 

CAPSULE  SEMINALES,  Vesiculae  S.  — c. 
Synoviales,  Bursas  mucosfe. 

CAP SUL AIRE,  Capsular. 

CAP'SULAR,  Capsula'Ha,  (F.)  Capsulaire. 
Relating  to  a  capsula  or  capsule. 

Capsular  Arteries,  Suprare' nal  Arteries  and 
Veins.  Vessels  belonging  to  the  suprarenal  cap- 
sules. They  are  divided  into  superior,  middle, 
and  inferior.  The  first  proceed  from  the  inferior 
phrenic,  the  second  from  the  aorta,  and  the  third 
from  the  renal  artery.  The  corresponding  veins 
enter  the  phrenic,  vena  cava,  and  renal. 

Capsular  Lig'AMENT,  Ligamen'tum  capsula're, 
Cap'sula  articula'ris,  Artio'ular  capsule,  Fibrous 
capsule,  (F.)  Ligament  capsulaire,  Capsule  arti- 
culaire,  Capsule  fihreux,  &c.  Membranous, 
fibrous,  and  elastic  bags  or  capsules,  of  a  whitish 
consistence,  thick,  and  resisting,  which  surround 
joints. 

CAPSULE,  Cap'sula,  Ca2}sa,  a  box,  or  case, 
(F.)  Capsule.  This  name  has  been  given,  by 
anatomists,  to  parts  bearing  no  analogy  to  each 
other. 

Capsule,  Cellular,  of  the  Eye,  see  Eye. 

Capsule,  Fibrous,  Capsular  ligament. 

Capsule,  Gelat'ixous,  Cap'sula  gelat'incB, 
Capsule  of  gelatin.  A  modern  invention  by 
which  copaiba  and  other  disagreeable  oils  can 
be  enveloped  in  gelatin  so  as  to  conceal  their 
taste. 

Capsule  op  Glisson,  Cap'sula  Glisso'nti,  C. 
commu'nis  Glisso'nii,  Vagi'na  Partes,  V.  Glis- 
so'nii.  a  sort  of  membrane,  described  by  Glis- 
son,  which  is  nothing  more  than  dense  areolar 
membrane  surrounding  the  vena  porta  and  its 
ramifications  in  the  liver. 

Capsule  of  the  Heart,  Cap'sula  cordis.  The 
pericardium. 

Capsule,  Ocular,  see  Eye. 

Capsule,  Rexal,  Suprare'nal  or  AtrahiV- 
iary  C,  Penal  Gland,  Olan'dula  suprarena'lis, 
Cap'sula  rena'lis,  suprarena'lis  vel  atrabilia'ris, 
Ben  suc-centuria'tus,  Nephrid'ium,  (F.)  Capsule 
surrenale  ou  atrahiliaire.  A  flat,  triangular  body, 
which  covers  the  upper  part  of  the  kidney,  as 
with  a  helmet.  A  hollow  cavity  in  the  interior 
contains  a  brown,  reddish  or  yellowish  fluid.  The 
renal  capsules  were  long  supposed  to  be  the  secre- 
tory organs  of  the  fancied  atrabilis.  They  are 
much  larger  in  the  foetus  than  in  the  adult. 
They  are  probably  concerned  in  lymphosis. 

Capsule,  Sem'inal,  Cap'sula  semina'lis.  Bar- 
THOLINE  thus  designates  the  extremity  of  the  vas 
deferens,  which  is  sensibly  dUated  in  the  vicinity 
of  the  vesicultB  seminales.  Some  anatomists  ap- 
ply this  name  to  the  vesiculae  themselves. 

Capsule,  Syno'vial,  Capsula  Synovia'lis.  A 
membranous  bag,  surrounding  the  movable  arti- 
culations and  canals,  which  gives  passage  to  ten- 
dons. Synovial  capsules  exhale,  from  their  arti- 
cular surface,  a  fluid,  whose  function  is  to  favour 
the  motions  of  parts  upon  each  other.  See  Bursa 
mucosa,  and  Synovia.         _, 

CAPSULE  SURRENALE  ou  ATRA- 
BILIARE,  Capsule,  renal. 

CAPSULITIS,  see  Phacitis. 

CAPUCHON,  Trapezius. 

CAPUCINE,  Tropfflolum  majus. 

CAPULIES,  Prunus  capulin. 


CAPULUS,  Scrotum. 

CAPUT,  '  the  head.'  Also,  the  top  of  a  bono 
or  other  part,  (F.)  Tete.  The  head  of  small 
bones  is  sometimes  termed  capit'ulum,  capitell'umy 
cephalid'ium,  cep/h'ulis,  ceplial'ium.  Also,  the 
glans  penis. 

Caput  Asperse  Arteri^,  Larynx  —  c.  Coli, 
Ca3cum — c.  Gallinaceum,  see  Gallinaginis  caput 
— c.  Gallinaginis,  see  Gallinaginis  caput — c.  Ge- 
nitale,  Glans — c.  Lubricum,  Penis — c.  Monachi, 
Leontodon  Taraxacum — c.  Obstipum,  Torticollis 
— c.  Penis,  Glane. 

Caput  Pur'gia,  Capitipur' gia.  Remedies, 
which  the  ancients  regarded  as  proper  for  purg- 
ing the  head  : — errhines,  sternutatories,  apophleg- 
matisantia,  &c.  Prosper  Alpinus  makes  the  ca/iiit 
purgia  to  be  the  same  as  errhines ;  and  the  apo- 
pJilegmatismi  the  same  as  the  masticatories  of 
the  moderns. 

Caput  Scapula,  Acromion. 

Caput  Succeda'neum.  A  term  sometimes  used 
for  the  tumefied  scalp,  which  first  presents  in  cer- 
tain cases  of  labour. 

Caput  Testis,  Epididymis. 

CA  QUE -SANG  UE,  Cagne-sangtte.  Old 
French  words  which  signify  Bloody  evacuations, 
(F.)  Dejections  sanguinolentes.  They  come  from 
cacarc,  'to  go  to  stool,'  anisanguis,  'blood.'  Un- 
der this  term  was  comprehended  every  affection, 
in  which  blood  is  discharged  from  the  bowels. 

CARA  SCHULLI,  Frutex  In'dicus  spino'sn^, 
Barle'ria  huxifo'lia.  A  Malabar  plant,  which, 
when  applied  externally,  is  maturative  and  resol- 
vent. The  decoction  of  its  root  is  used,  in  the 
country,  in  ischuria. 

CARABAC'CIUM.  An  aromatic  wood  of  In- 
dia, of  a  yellowish  colour,  and  a  smell  like  that 
of  the  clove.  Its  decoction  and  infusion  are 
given  as  stomachics  and  antiscorbutics. 

CAR'ABUS.  A  genus  of  coleopterous  insects. 
Two  species,  the  chrysoceph'alus  and  ferrugin'eus, 
have  been  recommended  for  the  toothach.  They 
must  be  pressed  between  the  fingers,  and  then 
rubbed  on  the  gum  and  tooth  afi"ected. 

CARACTERE,  Character,  Symbol. 

CARAGNA,  Caranna. 

CARAMATA,  Arumari.  A  tree  in  the  inland 
parts  of  Pomeroon.  It  furnishes  a  febrifuge  bark, 
which  Dr.  Hancock  says  may  be  used  in  typhoid 
and  remittent  fevers  where  cinchona  is  either 
useless  or  pernicious. 

CARAMBOLO,  Averrhoa  earambola. 

CARAN'NA,  Caragna,  Tacamahaca,  Caragna, 
Caran'na  Gummi,  G.  Brel'isis,  Gum  Caran'na, 
(F.)  Caragne,  Gomme  Caragne  ou  Carane.  A 
gum-resinous  substance,  which  flows  from  a  large 
tree  in  New  Spain,  and  is  obtained  from  South 
America  in  impure  masses.  It  preserves  its  soft- 
ness for  a  long  time,  has  an  aromatic  smell,  and 
a  slightly  acrid  and  bitter  taste.  It  was  formerly 
used  as  a  vulnerary  and  in  plasters. 

CARAWAY,  Carum. 

CARBASA,  Linteum. 

CARBASUS,  Linteum.    * 

CARBO,  Carho  Ligni,  Charcoal,  (F.)  Charhon. 
Fresh  Charcoal  is  antiseptic.  It  is  used  to  im- 
prove the  digestive  organs  in  cases  of  worms, 
dyspepsia,  &c. ;  as  a  cataplasm  to  gangrenous 
and  fetid  ulcers,  tinea,  <fcc.,  and  forms  a  good 
tooth-powder.    Dose,  gr.  x  to  ^j.    Also,  Anthrax. 

Carbo  Anima'lis,  Carho  carnis.  Animal  char- 
coal, (F.)  Charhon  animal.  In  the  Pharmaco- 
poeia of  the  United  States,  it  is  directed  to  be 
prepared  from  bones.  It  is  given  in  the  same 
cases  as  Carho  Ligni,  and  has  been  extolled  in 
cancer.     Dose,  gr.  ss.  to  gr.  iij. 

The  Pharmacopoeia  of  the  United  States  3on 


©ARBON 


170 


CARDIA 


tains  a  formula  for  the  preparation  of  Carbo 
Aniiia'lis  Purifica'tus,  Pur'ified  animal  char- 
cf/al  (Carbon,  animal,  ibj  ;  Acid  muriat.,  AqiitF 
aa  f^xij.)  Pour  the  muriatic  acid,  previously 
mixed  with  the  water,  gradually  upon  the  char- 
coal, and  digest  with  a  gentle  heat  for  two  days, 
occasionally  stirring  the  mixture.  Having  al- 
lowed the  undissolved  portion  to  subside,  pour 
off  the  supernatant  liquor,  wash  the  charcoal  fre- 
quently with  water  until  it  is  entirely  free  from 
acid,  and  lastly  dry  it. 

Cahbo  Fos'silis,  Lithanthrax,  Stone  coal. 

Carbo  Huma'num.  The  human  excrement. — 
Paracelsus. 

Carro  Ligni,  Carbo  —  e.  Mineralis,  Graphites 
■ —  0.  Palpebrarum,  Anthracosis  —  c.  Spongias, 
Spongia  usta. 

CARBON,  SESQUI-IODIDE  OF,  Carbonis 
sesqui-iodidum  —  e.  Bisulphuret  of,  Carbonis  sul- 
phuretum — c.  Sulphuret  of,  Carbonis  sulphuretum 
c.  Terchloride  of.  Chloroform. 

CAR'BONAS  or  CARBO'NAS.  A  carhonate. 
(F.)  Carhonate.  A  salt,  formed  by  the  combina- 
tion of  carbonic  acid  with  a  salifiable  base. 

Carbonas  Natrictjm,  Sodfe  carbonas. 

CAB  BO  NATE  D' AMMONIA  QUE,  Ammo- 
nise  carbonas. 

CAR'BONATED,  Carhona'tus,  Aera'his,  (F.) 
Carbone,  Aire.  That  which  is  impregnated  with 
carbonic  acid. 

CABBONE,  Carbonated. 

CARBONEUM  CHLORATUM,  Chloroform. 

CARBON'IC  ACID,  Ac"idxim  Carbon' icnm, 
Solid  Air  of  Hales,  Factitious  Air,  Fixed  Air, 
Carbona'ceoua  Acid,  Calca'reoiis  Acid,  Aerial 
Acid,  Mephit'ic  Acid,  Spir'itiis  letha'lis,  (F.) 
Acide  Carboniqite.  This  gas,  which  neither  sup- 
ports respiration  nor  combustion,  is  not  often 
used  in  medicine.  It  is  the  main  agent  in  efifer- 
vesoent  draughts,  fermenting  poultices,  &o.  It 
is  often  found  ocenpying  the  lower  parts  of  mines 
—  when  it  is  called  the  choke  damp  —  caverns, 
tombs,  wells,  brewers'  vats,  &c.,  and  not  unfre- 
quently  has  been  the  cause  of  death.  Lime 
thrown  into  such  places  soon  absorbs  the  acid. 

CARBO'NIS  SESQUI-IOD'IDUM,  C.Sesqid- 
lodure'tum,  Sesqiti-I' odide  or  Sesqiii-Iod'uret  of 
Carbon.  This  is  made  by  mixing  concentrated 
alcoholic  solutions  of  iodine  and  potassa,  until 
the  former  loses  its  colour  j  a  solution  is  obtained 
from  which  water  throws  down  a  yellow  precipi- 
tate —  the  sesqui-iodide  of  carbon.  It  has  been 
used  in  enlarged  glands  and  in  some  cutaneous 
affections,  applied  externally,  (^ss  to  ^vj  of 
cerate.) 

Carbo'nis  Sulphure'tum,  Stdiihure'tum  Car- 
ho'nii,  Sul'fidum,  Carbo'nii,  Carbo'niiim  Sulphu- 
ra'tnm,  AVcohol  Sid'phuris,  Biaidphure' turn  Car- 
ho'nii,  Sulphuret  of  Carbon,  Bisidphuret  of  Car- 
t}on,  Cq.rburet  of  Sulphur,  (F.)  Sidfure  de  Carbon. 
This  transparent,  colourless  fluid,  which  has  a 
very  penetrating,  disagreeable  odour,  and  a  taste 
vvhich  is  cooling  at  first,  but  afterwards  acrid  and 
somewhat  aromatic,  is  a  diffusible  excitant.  It 
is  diaphoretic,  diuretic,  and  has  been  said  to  have 
proved  emmenagogue.  It  is  also  used  in  nervous 
diseases  as  an  antispasmodic.  Dose,  one  drop  to 
four,  repeated  frequently. 

It  is  used  externally,  where  a  cooling  influence 
has  to  be  rapidly  exerted,  and  has  been  inhaled 
as  an  anassthetic. 

CARBONIUM  SULPHURATUM,  Carbonis 
salphuretum. 

CARBUNCLE,  Anthrax  — c.  Fungous,  Ter- 
juiinthus  —  c.  of  the  Tongue,  Glossanthrax  —  c. 
Berry,  Termlnthus. 

CARBUNCLED  FACE.  Gutta  rosea. 

OARBUNCULAR  BXANTHEM,  Anthracia. 


CARBUNCULATIO  OCULI,  Blepharanthra- 
cosis. 

CARBUNCULUS,  Anthrax  — c.  Anginosus, 
Cynanche  maligna — c.  Contagiosus,  see  Anthrax 
—  c.  Gallicus,  see  Anthrax  —  e.  Hungaricus,  see 
Anthrax — c.  Labiorum  et  genarum,  Cancer  aqua- 
ticus — c.  Polonicus,  see  Anthrax^ — c.  Pulmonum, 
Necropneumonia — c.  Septentrionalis,  see  Anthrax. 

Caebun'ctjlus  Rubi'ntjs.  a  red,  shining,  and 
transparent  stone,  from  the  Isle  of  Ceylon ;  for- 
merly employed  in  medicine  as  a  preservative 
against  several  poisons,  the  plague,  &c. 

Caebunculus  Ulcusculosus,  Cynanche  ma- 
ligna. 

CAR'CAROS,  from  KapKatpm,  '  I  resound,'  '  I 
tremble.'  A  fever,  in  which  the  patient  has  a 
general  tremor,  accompanied  with  an  unceasing 
noise  in  the  ears. 

CARCINODES,  Cancroid,  Chancreuae. 

CARCINOIDES,  Cancroid. 

CARCINO'MA,  Cancero'ma,  Cancro'ma,  from 
KapKivog,  'a  crab.'  Some  authors  have  thus  called 
indolent  tumours  different  from  cancer;  others, 
incipient  cancer  ,•  and  others,  again,  the  species 
of  cancer  in  which  the  affected  structure  assumes 
the  appearance  of  cerebral  substance;  but  the 
majority  of  authors  use  Carcinoma  in  the  same 
sense  as  Cancer. 

Carcinojia  Alveolaee,  Colloid — c.  Fibrosum, 
Scirrhus — c.  Hsematodes,  Hsematodes  fungus — c. 
Intestinorum,  Enteropathia  cancerosa — c.  Lin- 
gua3,  Glossocarcinoma — c.  of  the  Liver,  Hepato- 
scirrhus  —  e.  Medullare,  Encephaloid  —  c.  Mela- 
nodes,  Cancer,  melanotic — c.  Melanoticum,  Me- 
lanosis —  c.  Simplex,  Scirrhus  —  c.  Spongiosum, 
Encephaloid,  Hajmatodes  fungus — c.  Scroti,  Can- 
cer, chimney-sweepers' — c.  Uteri,  Metroearcino- 
ma.  Metroscirrhus — c.  Ventriculi,  Gastroscirrhus; 
see  Gastrostenosis  cardiaca  et  pylorica. 

CARCINOM'ATOUS.     Relating  to  Cancer. 

CABCIN03IE  MOU ET  SPONGIEUX,  En- 
cephaloid  —  c.  Sanglant,  Encephaloid,  Haema- 
matodes  fungus. 

CARCINOS,  Cancer. 

CARCINO'SES,  (G.)  Karsinosen,  from  Kap- 
Kivog,  '  a  crab.'  A  family  of  diseases,  according 
to  the  classification  of  Fuchs ;  which  embraces 
the  different  forms  of  Cancer. 

CARCINOSUS,  Cancerous. 

CARCINUS  SPONGIOSUS,  Encephaloid. 

CARDAMANTICA,  Cardamine  pratensis,  Le- 
pidium  Iberis. 

CARDAMINDUM  MAJUS,  Tropffiolura 
majua. 

CARDAMINE  FONTANA,  Sisymbrium  nas- 
turtium— c.  Nasturtium,  Sisymbrium  nasturtium, 

Cardami'ne  Praten'sis,  Cardami'ne,  Cai-da- 
inan'tica,  Nastur'tivm  Aquat'icum,  Car'damon, 
Cidi  fos,  Ibe'ris  soph'ia,  Nastur'tium  praten'se, 
Ladies-smoch,  Cuchoo-flower,  Common  Bitter 
Cress,  (F.)  Cresson  eler/ant,  Cresson  des  pres,  Pas- 
serage  sauvage.  Ord.  Cruciferre.  Tlie  flowers 
have  been  considered  useful  as  antispasmodics, 
in  the  dose  of  ^j  to  ^ij.  They  are  probably, 
inert. 

CARDAMOM,  LESSER,  Amomum  cardamo- 
mum. 

CABBAMOME,  Amomum  cardamomum  —  c. 
de  la  Cote  de  Malabar,  Amomum  cardamomum. 

CARDAMOMUM  MAJUS,  Amomum  grana 
paradisi  —  c.  Minus,  Amomum  cardamomum  — 
c.  Piperatum,  Amomum  grana  paradisi — c.  Wild, 
Fagarnstrum  Capense. 

CAIIDAMON,  Cardamine  pratensis. 

CARDA^MUM  MAJUS,  Tropa;ohim  majus. 

CABDEBE,  Dipsacus  sylvestris — c.  Cultivf, 
Dipsaeus  fuUouum. 

CARDIA,    Kapiia,    'the    heart.'    Stom'achue, 


CARDIAC 


171 


CARDIOSTENOSIS 


OriJic"ium  sinxs'trum  seu  Ingres'sus  supe'rior 
ventric'uli.  The  superior  or  oesophageal  orifice 
of  the  stomach,  —  Orific"ium  ventric'uli  sinia'- 
trum.     Also,  the  Heart. 

CAR'DIAC,  Cardi'acus,  from  KapSia,  'the 
heart;'  or  the  upper  orifice  of  the  stomach.  (F.) 
Cardiaque.  Relating  to  the  heart  or  to  the  upper 
orifice  of  the  stomach.     A  cordial. 

Cardiac  Ar'teries,  Cor'onary  arteries,  (F.) 
Arteres  cardiaques  ou  coronaires,  are  two  in 
number.  They  arise  from  the  aorta,  a  little  above 
the  free  edge  of  the  sigmoid  valves,  and  are  dis- 
tributed on  both  surfaces  of  the  heart. 

Car'diac  Gan'glion,  Gaii'glion  cardi'aexim, 
situated  beneath  the  arch  of  the  aorta  to  the 
right  side  of  the  ligament  of  the  ductus  arteriosus. 
It  receives  the  superior  cardiac  nerves  of  opposite 
sides  of  the  neck,  and  a  branch  from  the  pneu- 
mogastrie,  and  gives  off  numerous  branches  to 
the  cardiac  plexuses. 

Cardiac  Nerves,  (F.)  Nerfs cm-diaques.  These 
are  commonly  three  on  each  side ;  a  superior, 
middle  and  inferior,  which  are  furnished  by  cor- 
responding cervical  ganglia.  Commonly,  there 
ars  but  two  on  the  left  side;  the  upper  and  mid- 
dle, which  draw  their  origin  from  the  last  two 
cervical  ganglia.  Scarpa  calls  the  snpierior  — 
Gardi' acus  sup)erficia'lis ;  the  middle — G.profnn'- 

dus  seu  G.  magnus  ;  and  the  inferior G.  parvus 

seu  minor.  There  are,  besides,  Cardiac  fd'aments, 
(F.)  Filets  cardiaques,  furnished  by  the  par  va- 
gum  or  pneumo-gastric  nerve,  which  become 
confounded  with  the  above. 

Cardiac  Plexus,  Plexus  cardi'acus.  There 
are  three  cardiac  plexuses.  1.  The  great  cardiac 
plexus  is  situated  upon  the  bifurcation  of  the  tra- 
chea. It  is  formed  by  the  convergence  of  the  middle 
and  inferior  cardiac  nerves ;  and  by  branches 
from  the  pneumogastric,  descendens  noni,  and 
first  thoracic  ganglion.  2.  The  anterior  cardiac 
plexus  is  situated  in  front  of  the  ascending  aorta 
near  its  origin.  It  is  formed  by  filaments  from 
the  superior  cardiac  nerves ;  from  the  cardiac 
ganglion ;  and  from  the  great  cardiac  plexus. 
Filaments  from  this  plexus  accompany  the  left 
coronary  artery,  and  form  the  anterior  coronary 
plexus.  3.  The  posterior  cardiac  plexus  is  seated 
upon  the  posterior  part  of  the  ascenditig  aorta 
near  its  origin.  It  is  formed  by  numerous  branches 
from  the  great  cardiac  plexus.  It  divides  into 
two  sets  of  branches,  which  together  constitute 
the  posterior  coronary  plexus. 

Cardiac  Veins,  Goronary  veins,  (F.)  Yeines 
Cardiaques,  are  commonly  four  in  number ;  two 
anterior  and  two  posterior.  They  open  into  the 
right  auricle  by  one  orifice,  which  is  furnished 
with  a  valve,  and  is  called,  by  Portal,  Sinus  coro- 
naire  du  Coeiir. 

CARDIAC  A  CRISPA,  Leonurus  eardiaca  — 
0.  Passio,  Cardialgia  —  c.  Trilobata,  Leonurus 
eardiaca  —  c.  Vulgaris,  Leonurus  eardiaca. 

CARDIACUS,  Cordial,  Stomachal. 

CARDIAGMUS,  Cardialgia. 

CARDI'AGRA,  Affec'tio  artTirit'ica  cordis ; 
from  KapSia,  '  the  heart/  and  aypa,  '  seizure.' 
Gout  of  the  heart. 

CARDIAG'RAPHY,  Cardiagra'pUa,  from 
t(rp5ta,  '  the  heart,'  and  ■ypa(ptj>  '  a  description.' 
An  anatomical  description  of  the  heart. 

CARDIAL'GIA,  Gardi'aca  Passio,  Col'ica 
Ventric'idi,  Spasmus  Ventric'tdi,  Perodyn'ia, 
Cordo'lium,  Gardilce'a,  Dyspepsodyn'ia,  Dyspep- 
siodyn'ia,  Dyspeptodyn'ia,  Peratodyn'ia,  Gar- 
diod'yne,  Gastral'gia,  Gasteral'gia,  Gastrocol'ia, 
Gastrod'yne,  Paa'sio  Gardi'aca,  Stomached' gia, 
Stomacal'gia,  Gastrodyn'ia,  Cardi'acus  Morbus, 
Cardiog'miis,  Gardialgy ;  from  KapSia,  'the  car- 
diac orifice  of  the  stomach,'  and  a'Xyos,  'pain.' 


Pain  of  the  stomach,  (F.)  Douleur  de  V Estomar, 
D.  nevralgique  de  V Estomac.  Also,  Heartburn, 
(F.)  Gardialgie,  Ardeur  d' Estomac,  A.  du  Coeur. 
Impaired  appetite,  with  gnawing  or  burning  pain 
in  the  stomach  or  epigastrium, — MorstTs  vel  ardor 
ventric'uli,  Morsus  stom'achi,  Soda,  Limo'sis  car 
dial'gia  mordens,  Mosio  Stom'achi  seu  Yentric' 
uli  :  — a  sj^mptom  of  dyspepsia. 

Cardialgia  Inflammatoria,  Gastritis  —  c. 
Sputatoria,  Pyrosis. 

CARDIALOG"IA,  from  Kapha,  'the  heart,' 
and  ^oyo';,  'a  discourse.'    A  treatise  on  the  heart. 

CARDIANASTROPHE,  Ectopia  cordis. 

CARDIARGTIE,  Heart,  concentric  hypertro- 
phy of  the. 

CARDIA'RIUS;  same  etymology.  A  name 
given  to  a  worm,  said  to  have  been  found  in  the 
heart  or  pericardium. 

CARDIATOM'IA,   from   Kapha,    'the   heart, 
and  Tifivuv,  'to  cut.'     Dissection  of  the  heart. 
^CARDIATROPHIA,  Heart,  atrophy  of  the. 

CARDIAUXE,  Heart,  hypertrophy  of  the. 

CARDIECTASIS,  see  Aneurism  of  the  heart 
—  c.  Partialis,  Aneurism  of  the  heart. 

CARDIELCGSIS;  from  Kapha,  'the  heart,' 
and  'eXkos,  'an  ulcer.'     Ulceration  of  the  heart. 

CARDIETHMOLIPOSIS,  Steatosis  cordis. 

CARDIEURYSMA,  Aneurism  of  the  heart. 

CARDIL^A,  Cardialgia. 

CARDIM'ELECH,  from  Kapha,  'the  heart,' 
and  l70,  lleleh,  (Hebr.,)  'a  governor.'  A  sup- 
positious active  principle  seated  in  the  heart,  and 
governing  the  vital  functions. — Dolfeus. 

CARDINAL  FLOWER,  Lobelia  cardinalis  — 
c.  Blue,  Lobelia  syphilitica. 

CARDINAL  PLANT,  Lobelia  cardinalis. 

CARDINAMENTUM,  Gingiymus,  Gomphosis. 

CARDIOBOTANUM,  Centaurea  benedicta. 

CARDIOCE'LE,  from  Kapha,  '  the  heart,'  and 
Kriy>.rj>  '  rupture.'  Hernia  of  the  heart,  especially 
into  the  abdominal  cavity. 

GARBIOCLASJE,  Cardiorrhexis. 

CARDIOD'YNE,  Cardiodyn'ia ;  from  Kapha, 
'the  heart,  the  stomach,'  and  oSvvt],  'pain.'  Pain 
in  the  heart.     Also,  Cardialgia. 

Cardiodyne  Spasjiodica  Intermittens,  An- 
gina pectoris. 

CARDIOG'MUS.  Hippocrates  employed  this 
word  synonymously  with  cardialgia.  In  the  time 
of  Galen  it  was  used,  by  some  writers,  for  certain 
pulsations  of  the  heart,  analogous  to  palpitations. 
Sauvages  understood  by  Gardiogmus  an  aneurism 
of  the  heart  or  great  vessels,  when  still  obscure. 
Also,  Angina  pectoris. 

Cardiogmus  Cordis  Sinistri,  Angina  pectoris. 

CARDIOMALA'CIA,  Malaco'sis  seu  3/ala'cia 
seu  Malax' is  seu  Mollifies  Cordis,  (F.)  Ramol- 
lissement  du  Coeur,  from  Kapha,  '  the  heart,'  and 
fiaXama, '  softness.'  Softening  of  the  heart,  caused 
by  inflammation  of  the  organ,  or  a  consequence 
of  some  lesion  of  the  function  of  nutrition. 

CARDIOMYOLIPOSIS,  Steatosis  cordis. 

CARDIONCHI,  see  Aneurism. 

CARDIONEURALGIA,  Angina  pectoris. 

CARDIOPALMUS.  Cardiotromus. 

CARDIOPERICARDITIS,  see  Pericarditis. 

CARDIORRHEU'MA,  Bheumatis'mvs  cordis; 
from  KapSia,  '  the  heart,'  and  pctJ^a,  '  defluxion, 
rheumatism.'     Rheumatism  of  the  heart. 

CARDIORRHBX'IS,  Cardioclasie,  (Piorry.i 
Riiptu'ra  cordis,  (F.)  Rupture  du  Coeur,  from 
KapSia,  'the  heart,'  and  pn^tS)  'laceration.'  Lace- 
ration of  the  heart. 

CARDIOSGLEROSIE,  (Piorry)  from  Kapiia, 
'the  heart,'  and  cK^vpos,  'hard.'  (P.)  Endurcisse- 
riient  du  Oceur.     Induration  of  the  heart. 

CARDIOSTENO'SIS,  Stenocar'dia,  from  cw 


CARDIOTRATJMA 


172 


CARNATION 


ill,  'the  heart,'  and  orEvoxriy,  'contraction.'    Con- 
U'action  of  the  openings  of  the  heart. 

CARDIOTRAU'MA,  from  Kaoit-,  'the  heart/ 
and  Toavjia,  'a  wound.'     A  wound  of  the  heart. 

CARDIOT'ROMUS,  Palpita'tio  Cordis  trep'- 
idans,  Cardiojjal'mus,  Trepida'tio  Cordis,  from 
<apSia,  'the  heart,'  and  rgojiog,  'tremor.'  Rapid 
and  feeble  palpitation,  or  fluttering  of  the  heart. 

CARDIOT'ROTUS,  from  Kapha,  'the  heart,' 
and  Tirpoo-Kcj,  'I wound.'  One  affected  with  a 
wound  of  the  heart. — Galen. 

CARDIPERICARDITIS,  see  Pericarditis, 

CARDITE,  Carditis. 

CARDI'TIS,  from  Knpbia,  'the  heart,  and  the 
termination  itis.  Inflammation  of  the  fleshy 
Bubstance  of  the  heart.  Empres'ma  Cardi'tis, 
Injlamma'tio  Cordis,  Injlamtna' tin  Cardi'tis,  Cau- 
ma  Cardi'tis,  Mi/ocardi'tis,  Cardi'tis. Muscula'ris, 
(F.)  Injlammation  dii  Cceur,  Cardite.  The  symp- 
toms of  this  affection  are  by  no  means  clear. 
They  are  often  confounded  with  those  of  pericar- 
ditis, or  inflammation  of  the  membrane  investing 
the  heart.  Carditis,  indeed,  with  many,  includes 
both  the  inflammation  of  the  investing  membrane 
and  that  of  the  heart  itself.  See  Pericarditis,  and 
Endocarditis. 

Carditis  Externa,  Pericarditis — c.  Interna, 
Endocarditis  —  c.  Muscularis,  Carditis — c.  Mem- 
branosa.  Pericarditis — c.  Polyposa,  Polypi  of  the 
heart — c.  Serosa,  Pericarditis. 

CARDO,  Ginglymus. 

CARDOPATIUM,  Carlina  acaulis. 

CARDUUS  ALTILIS,  Cynara  scolymus  — c. 
Benedictus,  Centaurea  benedieta — c.  Brazilianus, 
Bromelia  ananas  —  e.  Domesticus  capite  majori, 
Cynara  scolymus  —  c.  Hemorrhoidalis,  Cirsium 
arvense. 

Car'dutjs  Maria'ktjs,  Gar'duus  Ifa'ricB,  Sil'y- 
bum,  S.  Maria'num  seu  macula'tuni,  Cartliamm 
macula'tus,  Cir'sium  macula'tum,  Car'duus  lac'- 
teus.  Spina  alba,  Common  Ifilk  Thistle,  or  Ladies' 
Thistle,  (F.)  Chardon-Marie.  The  herb  is  a  bitter 
tonic.    The  seeds  are  oleaginous.    It  is  not  used. 

Carduus  Pineus,  Atractylis  gummifera  —  c. 
Sativus,  Carthamus  tinctorius  —  c.  Sativus  non- 
spinosus,  Cynara  scolymus  —  c.  Solstitialis,  Cen- 
taurea calcitrapa — c.  Stellatus,  Centaurea  ealci- 
trapa — e.  Tomentosus,  Onopordium  acanthium — 
c.  Veneris,  Dipsacus  fullonum. 

CAREBARESIS,  Carebaria. 

CAREBA'RIA  or  CAREBARI'A,  Carelare'- 
eis,  from  fcapj?,  'the  head,'  and  (iapos,  'weight.' 
Scordine'ma,  Cereha'ria,  Seordinis' mus,  Cardine'- 
ma.    Heaviness  of  the  head. — Hippocrates,  Galen. 

CARE'j^A,  Kare'na.  The  twenty-fourth  part 
of  a  drop. — Ruland  and  Johnson. 

CAREUM,  Carum. 

CAREX  ARENARIA,  Sarsaparilla  Germanica. 

CARIACOU.  A  beverage,  used  in  Cayenne, 
and  formed  of  a  mixture  of  cassava,  potato,  and 
Bugar  fermented. 

CARICA,  Ficus  carica. 

Car'ica  Papa'ya,  Papaio  tree,  (F.)  Papayer. 
Ord.  Artocarpese.  A  native  of  America,  India, 
and  Africa.  The  fruit  has  somewhat  of  the  fla- 
vour of  the  pumpkin,  and  is  eaten  like  it.  The 
milky  juice  of  the  plant  and  the  seed  and  root 
have  been  regarded  as  anthelmintic. 

CAR'ICUM.  Said  to  have  been  named  after 
Its  inventor  Caricus.  Car'ycum.  A  detergent 
application  to  ulcers ;  composed  of  black  helle- 
l.ore,  sandarach,  copper,  lead,  sulphur,  orpiment, 
•MLntharides,  and  oil  of  cedar. — Hippocrates. 
OARIE,  Caries — c.  des  Dents,  Dental  gangrene. 
GARit,  Carious. 

CA'RIES,  Nigrit"ies  Os'sium.  An  ulceration 
of  bone,  —  Necrosis  being  death  of  a  bone.  It 
resemblea  the  gangrene  of  soft  parts.    Hence  it 


has  been  termed  Caries  gangrano'sa,  Gangrm'na 
Ca'ries,  G.  Os'sium,  Tere'do,  Arro'sio,  Euros,  (F.) 
Carie.  It  is  recognised  by  the  swelling  of  the 
bone  which  precedes  and  accompanies  it;  by  the 
abscesses  it  occasions ;  the  fistulae  which  form ; 
the  sanious  character,  peculiar  odour  and  quan- 
tity of  the  suppuration,  and  by  the  evidence 
afforded  by  probing.  The  most  common  causes 
of  caries  are  blows; — the  action  of  some  virus, 
and  morbid  diathesis.  When  dependent  on  any 
virus  in  the  system,  this  must  be  combated  by 
appropriate  remedies.  When  entirely  local,  it 
must  be  converted,  where  practicable,  into  a  state 
of  necrosis  or  death  of  the  affected  part.  For 
this  end  stimulants,  the  actual  cautery,  &c.,  are 
applied. 

Caries,  Dentium,  Dental  gangrene — c.  Puden- 
dorum,  see  Chancre  —  c.  of  the  Vertebrae,  Verte- 
bral disease — c.  Vertebrarum,  Vertebral  disease. 

CARIE  UX,  Carious. 

CARIM  CURINI,  Justitia  ecbolium. 

CARI'NA,  '  a  ship's  keel.'  The  vertebral  co- 
lumn, especially  of  the  fcetus.  Also,  the  breast- 
bone bent  inwards.  Hence,  Pectus  carina' turn  : 
— the  chest  affected  with  such  deformity. 

CA'RIOUS,  Cario'sus,  Euro'des,  (F.)  Carii, 
Oarieux.     Affected  with  caries. 

CARIUM  TERRiE,  Calx. 

CARIVE,  Myrtus  pimenta. 

CARIVILLANDI,  Smilax  sarsaparilla. 

CARLINA,  '  Carline  Thistle.' 

Carli'na  Acaul'is,  C.  chamm'leon,  Chama'- 
leon  album,  Cardopa' tium,  (F.)  Carline  sans  tige, 
which  grows  in  the  Pyrenees,  and  on  the  moun- 
tains of  Switzerland,  Italy,  &c.,  has  been  recom- 
mended as  a  tonic,  emmenagogue,  and  sudorific. 

Carlina  ChamjEleox,  C.  acaulis. 

CARLINE  SANS  TIGE,  Carlina  acaulis. 

CARLO  SANCTO  RADIX.  'St.  Charles's 
Root':  found  in  Mechoaehan,  in  America.  The 
bark  is  aromatic,  bitter  and  acrid.  It  is  consi- 
dered to  be  sudorific,  and  to  strengthen  the  gums 
and  stomach. 

CARLSBAD,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Carlsbad  is  a  town  in  Bohemia,  24  miles  from 
Egra,  celebrated  for  its  hot  baths.  The  water 
contains  about  47  parts  in  the  100  of  purging 
salts.  It  is  a  thermal  saline ;  temperature  121° 
to  167°  Fahrenheit.  The  constituents  are — car- 
bonic acid,  sulphate  of  soda,  carbonate  of  soda, 
and  chloride  of  sodium. 

GARMANTINE,  Justitia  pectoralis— c.  Pecto- 
rale,  Justitia  pectoralis. 

C APlMEN,  '  a  verse.'  An  amulet.  A  charm, 
which,  of  old,  often  consisted  of  a  verse.  See 
Charm. 

CARMINANTIA,  Carminatives. 

CARMINATIVA,  Carminatives. 

CARMIN'ATIVES,  Carminan'tia  seu  Garmi- 
nati'va,  {rova  carmen,  'averse,'  or  'charm,' Au- 
tiphys'iea,  Physago'ga,  Xan'tica,  (F. )  Carmina- 
ttfs.  Remedies  which  allaypain,  'like  a  charm,'  (?) 
by  causing  the  expulsion  of  flatus  from  the  ali- 
mentary canal.  They  are  generally  of  the  class 
of  aromatics. 

The  Four  Greater  Carminative  Hot  Seeds, 
Quat'uor  sem'ina  cal'ida  majo'ra  carminati'va, 
were,  of  old,  anise,  carui,  cummin,  and  fennel. 

The  Four  Lesser  Carminative  Hot  Seeds, 
Quat'uor  sem'ina  cal'ida  mino'ra,  were  bishop's 
weed,  stone  parsley,  smallage,  and  wild  carrot. 

CARMOT.  A  name  given,  by  the  alchymists, 
to  the  matter  which  they  believed  to  constitute 
the  Philosopher's  stone. 

CARNABADIA,  Carum,  (seed.) 

CARNABADIUM,  Cuminum  cyminum. 

CARNATIO,  Syssarcosis. 

CARNATION,  Dianthus  caryophyllus. 


CAENBLIAN 


173 


CARPHOLOGIA 


CARNELIAN,  Cornelian. 

CARNEOLUS,  Cornelian. 

CAR'NEOUS,  Car'neous,  Oarno'sus,  Sareo'des, 
Incarna'tus,  from  caro,  'flesh.'  (F.)  Charnti. 
Consisting  of  flesh,  or  resembling  flesh. 

Carneous  Columns,  Fleshy  Columns,  Colum'- 
ncB  Garnem,  of  the  heart,  (E.)  Colonnes  charnues, 
are  muscular  projections,  situate  in  the  cavities 
of  the  heart.  They  are  called,  also,  Mus'culi  Pa- 
pilla'res. 

Carneotjs  Fibres,  Fleshy  Fibres,  Ilus'cular 
Fibres,  (E.)  Fibres  charnues  ou  musculaires,  are 
fibres  belonging  to  a  muscle. 

CARNEUM  MARSUPIUM,  Ischio-trochan- 
torianus. 

CARNIC'ULA.  Diminutive  of  caro,  'flesh.' 
The  gum, — Gingiva. — Fallopius. 

CARNIFICA'TIO,  Carniflcation  —  c.  Pulmo- 
num,  Hepatisation  of  the  lungs. 

CARNIFICA'TION,  Oarnifica'tio,  from  caro, 
'flesh,'  and  fieri,  '  to  become.'  Transformation 
into  flesh,  A  morbid  state  of  certain  organs,  in 
which  the  tissue  acquires  a  consistence  like  that 
of  fleshy  or  muscular  parts.  It  is  sometimes  ob- 
served in  hard  parts,  the  texture  becoming  sof- 
tened, as  in  Osteosarcoma.  When  it  occurs  in 
the  lungs,  they  present  a  texture  like  that  of 
liver.     Such  is  the  condition  of  the  foetal  lung. 

CARNIEOR'MIS  ABSCES'SUS.  An  abscess, 
which  ordinarily  occurs  in  the  neighbourhood  of 
the  articulations,  and  whose  orifice  is  hard,  the 
sides  thick  and  callous. — M.  A.  Severinus. 

CARNIVOROUS,  Carniv'orus,  Sarcoph'a- 
gus,  Creatoph'agus,  Oreoph'agus,  (F.)  Carnivore, 
from  caro,  'flesh,'  and  voro,  'I  eat.'  That  which 
eats  flesh.  Any  substance  which  destroys  excres- 
cences in  wounds,  ulcers,  &c. 

CARNOSA  CUTIS,  Pannieulus  carnosus. 

CARjSTOS'ITAS,  (F.)  Carnosite,  from  caro, 
'flesh.'    A  fleshy  excrescence. 

CARNOS'ITIES  OF  THE  URE'THRA,  Car'- 
0  uncles  in  the  Ure'fhra,  (F.)  Carnosites  ou  Caron- 
cules  de  I'wretre.  Small  fleshy  excrescences  or 
fungous  growths,  which  were,  at  one  time,  pre- 
sumed to  exist  in  the  male  urethra,  whenever  re- 
tention of  urine  followed  gonorrhoea. 

M.  Cullerier  uses  the  term  Carnosite  vin&rienne 
for  a  cutaneous,  cellular,  and  membranous  tu- 
mour, dependent  upon  the  syphilitic  virus.  See, 
also,  Polysarcia. 

CARNOSUS,  Carneous. 

CARO,  Flesh — c.  Accessoria,  see  Flexor  longus 
digitorum  pedis  profundus  perforans,  (accesso- 
rius) — c.  Excrescens,  Excrescence  —  c.  Fungosa, 
Fungosity — c.  Glandulosa,  Epiglottic  gland  —  c. 
Luxurians,  Fungosity — c.  Orbicularis,  Placenta — 
c.  Parenchymatica,  Parenchyma — c.  Quadrata, 
Palmaris  brevis — c.  Quadratus  Sylvii,  see  Flexor 
longus  digitorum  pedis  profundus  perforans,  (ac- 
cessorius)  —  c.  Viscerum,  Parenchyma. 

CAROB  TREE,  Ceratonia  siliqua. 

CAROBA  ALNABATI,  Ceratonium  siliqua. 

CARODES,  Carotie. 

CAROLI,  see  Chancre. 

CAROLI'NA,  NORTH,  MINERAL  WATERS 
OF.  In  the  counties  of  Warren,  Montgomery, 
Rockingham,  Lincoln,  Buncomb,  and  Rowan, 
there  are  mineral  springs.  They  belong  gene- 
rally to  the  sulphureous  or  acidulous  saline. 

CAROLINA,  SOUTH,  MINERAL  WATERS 
OF.  They  are  numerous.  Pacolet  Springs,  on 
the  west  bank  of  Pacolet  River,  contain  sulphur 
and  iron.  Many,  with  similar  properties,  but  not 
held  jn  estimation,  are  scattered  about  the  State. 

CARONCULE,  Caruncle— c  Lachrymale,  Ca- 
runcle. 

GARONCULES   MYRTIFORMES,   Canm- 


culee  myrtiformes  —  c.  de  I'  Urltre,  Carnosities  ot 

the  urethra. 

CAROPI,  Amomum  cardamomum. 

CAROSIS,  Somnolency. 

CAROTA,  see  Daucus  carota. 

CAROT'IC,  Carot'icus,  Carot'id,  Carot'idua, 
Caro'des,  Com'atose,  from  Ka^og,  'stupor.'  (F.) 
Carotique.  Relating  to  stupor  or  caries  —  as  a 
carotie  state, — or  to  the  carotids. 

Carotic  Arteries,  Carotids  —  e.  Ganglion, 
see  Carotid  Nerve — c.  Nerve,  Carotid  nerve  —  c 
Plexus,  see  Carotid  Nerve. 

CAR  OTIC  A,  Narcotics. 

CAROTICUS,  Carotic. 

CAROTID,  Carotic. 

CAROT'IDS,  Carot'ides,  Carot'iccB,  Carotidem, 
Capita'les,  Jugula'res,  Sopora'les,  Sopora'ria,  So- 
pori/'ercB,  Somnif  eras,  Apoplec'ticcB,  Lethar' gicqe 
[Arte'ricB),  the  Carot'id  Ar'teries,  Cephal'ic  Arte- 
ries, (F.)  Arteres  Carotides ;  from  Kapog,  'stupor.' 
The  great  arteries  of  the  neck,  which  carry  blood 
to  the  head.  They  are  divided  into,  1.  Primitive 
or  common;  the  left  of  which  arises  from  the 
aorta,  and  the  right  from  a  trunk,  common  to  it 
and  the  subclavian.  2.  External  or  j}ericephal''ic, 
branch  of  the  primitive,  which  extends  from  the 
last  to  the  neck  of  the  condyle  of  the  lower  jaw  ; 
and,  3.  Internal,  Arte'ria  cerebra'lis  vel  enee- 
phal'ica,  another  branch  of  the  primitive,  which, 
arising  at  the  same  place  as  the  external,  enters 
the  cranium,  and  terminates  on  a  level  with  the 
fissure  of  Sylvius,  dividing  into  several  branches. 

Carotid  or  Carotic  Canal,  Cana'Us  Carot'icus, 
Canal  inflexe  de  I'os  temporal — (Ch.),  Canal  caro- 
tidien,  is  a  canal  in  the  temporal  bone,  through 
which  the  carotid  artery  and  several  nervous 
filaments  pass. 

Carotid  or  Carotic  Foramina,  Foram'ina  Ca- 
rot'ica,  (F.)  Trous  carotidiens,  are  distinguished 
into  internal  and  external.  They  are  the  foram- 
ina at  each  extremity  of  the  Canalis  Caroticus. 

Carotid  Ganglion,  see  Carotid  nerve. 

Carotid  Nerve,  Carotic  nerve,  Nerviis  carot'- 
icus. A  branch  from  the  superior  cervical  gan- 
glion of  the  great  sympathetic,  which  ascends  by 
the  side  of  the  internal  carotid.  It  divides  into 
two  portions,  which  enter  the  carotid  canal,  and, 
by  their  communication  with  each  other  and  the 
petrosal  branch  of  the  vidian,  form  the  carotid 
■plexus.  They  also  frequently  form  a  small  gan- 
gliform  swelKng  on  the  under  part  of  the  artery 
— the  carotic  or  carotid  or  cavernous  ganglion, 
ganglion  of  Laumonier. 

Carotid  Plexus,  see  Carotid  nerve. 

CAROTTE,  Daucus  carota. 

CAROUA,  Carum,  (seed.) 

CAROUBIER,  Ceratonium  siliqua. 

CAROUGE,  see  Ceratonium  siliqua. 

CARPASA,  Carbasa. 

CARPA'SIUM,  Car'pasum,  and  Carpe'sium^ 
Dioscorides,  Pliny,  Galen,  &c.,  have  given  these 
names,  and  that  of  Carpasos,  to  a  plant,  which 
cannot  now  be  determined,  and  whose  juice,  called 
Opocar'pason,  oiroKag-rraaov,  passed  for  a  violent, 
narcotic  poison,  and  was  confounded  with  myrrh. 

CARPATHICUM,  see  Pinus  eembra. 

CARPE,  Carpus. 

CARPENTARIA,  Achillea  millefolium. 

CARPESIUM,  Carpasium. 

CARPIIO'DES,  Carphoides,  from  Kap(l>os,  'floc- 
culus,' and  eiSos,  'resemblance.'  Flocculent, 
stringy ;  —  as  mucus  carphodes,  flocculent  or 
stringy  mucus. 

CARPHOLOG"IA,  Tilmus,  Carpolog"ia,  Cro- 
cidis'mus,  Crocydis'mus,  Flocco'rum  vena'tio.  Floe- 
cile'giilm,  Tricholog"ia,  Croeidix'is,  Floecila'tion, 
Floccita'tion,  from  Kap<po;,  'Jloc'cjdui,'  and  Afvo), 
'I  collect,'  or  'pluek.*  (F."*  Carphologie.     Acti>n 


GARPHOS 


lU 


CARTILAGO 


of  gathering  flocculi.  A  delirious  picking  of  the 
bed-clothes,  as  if  to  seek  some  substance,  or  to 
pall  the  flocculi  from  them.  It  denotes  great 
cerebral  irritability  and  debility,  and  is  an  un- 
favourable sign  in  fevers,  &c. 

(TARPHOS,  Trigonella  foenum. 

CARPIA,  Linteum. 

CARPI^US,  Palmaris  brevis. 

CAPb'PIAL,  Car'pian,  Carpia'mis,  Carpia'lis, 
(F.)  Carpien.     Belonging  to  the  Carpus. 

Car'pial  Lig'aments,  (F.)  Ligaments  Carpiens, 
are,  1.  The  fibrous  fasciae,  which  unite  the  bones 
of  the  carpus ;  and,  2.  The  annular  ligaments, 
anterior  and  posterior. 

CARPIAN,  Carpial. 

CAEPIEN,  Carpial. 

CARPI3MUS,  Carpus. 

C  A  R  P  0  B  A  L  S  A  M  U  M,  see  Amyris  opobal- 
samum. 

CARPOLOGTA,  Carphologia — c.  Spasmodica, 
Subsultus  tendinum. 

CARPO-METACARPEUS  MINIMI  DIGI- 
TI,  Adductor  metacarpi  minimi  digiti — c.  Meta- 
carpien  da  p>etit  doiyt,  Opponens  minimi  digiti — 
e.  Metacarpien  du  pouce,  Opponens  pollicis  —  c. 
Phalangeus  minimi  digiti.  Abductor  minimi  digiti 
— c.  Phalangien  du  petit  doigt,  Abductor  minimi 
digiti — c.  Phalangien  du  petit  doigt,  Flexor  par- 
vus minimi  digiti — c.  Phalangien  du  pouce,  Flexor 
brevis  pollicis  manus — c.  Sus-pihalangien  dupouce, 
Abductor  pollicis  brevis. 

CARPO-PEDAL,  from  carpus,  'the  wrist,'  and 
pes,  pedis,  '  the  foot.'  Relating  to  the  wrist  and 
foot. 

Cakpo-pedal  Spasm,  Cer'ehral  spasmod'ic 
croup.  A  spasmodic  affection  of  the  chest  and 
larynx  in  young  children,  accompanied  by  gene- 
ral or  partial  convulsions.  The  disease  commonly 
occurs  between  the  third  and  ninth  month,  and 
is  characterized  by  excessive  dyspnoea,  accompa- 
ni(3d  by  a  loud  croupy  noise  on  inspiration ;  the 
thumbs  being  locked,  and  the  hands  and  feet 
rigidly  bent  for  a  longer  or  shorter  period.  The 
seat  of  the  disease  is  evidently  in  the  cerebro- 
spinal axis,  primarily  or  secondarily  :  generally, 
perhaps,  it  is  owing  to  erethism  seated  elsewhere, 
but  communicated  to  the  cerebro-spinal  centre, 
and  reflected  to  the  respiratory  and  other  muscles 
concerned.  It  seems  to  be  connected  with  dental 
irritation,  and  consequently,  in  the  treatment, 
where  such  is  the  ease,  the  gums  should  be  freely 
divided;  after  which,  cathartics  and  revulsives, 
with  the  use  of  narcotics  and  appropriate  diet, 
will  generally  remove  the  affection  ;  for  although 
extremely  alarming,  it  is  often  not  attended  with 
great  danger.     See  Asthma  thymicum. 

CARPOS,  Fruit. 

CARPOT'ICA,  from  *ca/)7ro?,  'fruit.'  Diseases 
affecting  impregnation.  Irregularity,  difiiculty 
or  danger  produced  by  partm-ition  : — the  3d  or- 
der, class  Genetica,  of  Good. 

CARPUS,  Carpis'mus,  Brachia'le,  Rasce'ta, 
Raste'ta,  RascTia,  Rase'ta,  liaset'ta,  the  wrist. 
(F.)  Carpe,  Poignet.  The  part  between  the  fore- 
arm and  hand.  Eight  bones  compose  it,  (in  two 
rows.)  In  the  superior  row  there  are,  from  with- 
out to  within — the  Scaplio'ides  or  navicula're, 
Luna're  or  semiluna're,  Caneifor'me,  and  Orhicu- 
Lc're  or  pisifor'me.  In  the  lower  row — Trape'- 
tium,  Trapezo'ides,  Magnum,  and  Uncifor'me. 

CARRAjS^EEN  MOSS,  Fucus  crispus. 
CARRE  BE  LA  CUISSE,  Quadratus  femoris 
--C.   des  Lomhes,   Quidratus  lumborum  —  c.  du 
Menton,  Depressor  lubii  inferioris  —  c.  du  Pied, 
Extensor  brevis  digitorum  pedis. 
SAIiREA  U,  Tabes  mesenterica. 


CARREE,  see  Flexor  longus  digitorum  pedis 
profundus  perforans,  (accessorius.) 

CARRELET,  (F.)  Acus  triangnla'ris.  A 
straight  needle,  two  or  three  inches  long,  the 
point  of  which  is  triangular;  and  which  tho 
ancients  used  in  different  operations.  Also,  a 
wooden,  triangular  frame  for  fixing  a  cloth 
through  which  different  pharmaceutical  prepara- 
tions are  passed. 

CARROT,  CANDY,  Athamanta  cretensis— c. 
Deadly,  Thapsia — c.  Plant,  Daucus  carota. 

CARTHAMUS  MACULATUS,  Carduus  ma- 
rianus. 

Car'tHAMTTS  TiXCTO'rIUS,  Am'yron,  Cnicus, 
Crocus  German'icus,  Crocus  Saracen' icus,  Car'- 
thamum  officina'rum,  Car'duus  sati'vus,  Safra'- 
num,  Saffron- flower,  Sajflower,  Bastard  Saffron, 
Dyer's  Saffron,  (F.)  Carthame,  Safra.n  Idtard, 
Carthame  des  Teinturiers.  Family,  Cynaroce- 
phaleee.  Sex.  Syst.  Syngenesia  Polygamia  sequa- 
lis.  The  seeds  are  aromatic,  cathartic,  and  diu- 
retic; yet  to  the  parroquet  they  are  an  article  of 
food;  hence  their  name,  Graines  de  Parroquet. 
The  flowers,  Car'thamus,  (Ph.  U.  S.)  are  employed 
as  a  cosmetic,  and  are  a  reputed  diaphoretic.  [  ?  ] 

CARTHEGON,  see  Buxus. 

CAR'TILAGE,  Chondros,  Car'tilago,  (F.)  Car- 
tilage. A  solid  part  of  the  animal  body,  of  a 
medium  consistence  between  bone  and  ligament, 
which  in  the  foetus  is  a  substitute  for  bone,  but 
in  the  adult  exists  only  in  the  joints,  at  the 
extremities  of  the  ribs,  &c.  Cartilages  are  of  a 
whitish  colour,  flexible,  compressible,  and  very 
elastic,  and  some  of  them  apparently  inorganic. 
They  are  composed,  according  to  J.  Davy,  of  .44 
albumen,  .55  water,  and  .01  phosphate  of  lime. 

CARTILAGE  ANONYME,  Cricoid,  (carti- 
lage)— c.  Epiglottic,  Epiglottis — c.  Mticroni,  Xi- 
phoid Cartilage — c.  Supra-arytenoid,  Cornieulum 
laryngis — c.  Tarsal,  see  Tarsus. 

Cartilages,  Articular,  Obdu'cent  Car'tilages, 
invest  bony  surfaces,  which  are  in  contact;  hence 
they  are  called  investing  or  incrusting  cartilages, 
(F.)  Cartilages  de  revetement  ou  d'encroGtement. 

Cartilages,  iNTERARTicrLAR,  are  such  as  axo 
situate  within  the  joints,  as  in  the  knee  joint. 

Cartilages  of  Ossifica'tion  are  such  as,  in 
the  progress  of  ossification,  have  to  form  an  in- 
tegrant part  of  bones;  as  those  of  the  long  bones 
in  the  new-born  infant.  They  are  termed  tetn- 
porary ;  the  Others  being  permanent.  All  the 
cartilages,  with  the  exception  of  the  articular, 
are  surrounded  by  a  membrane  analogous  to  the 
periosteum,  called  Perichon' drium. 

Cartilages  of  the  Ribs  are,  in  some  respects, 
only  prolongations  of  the  ribs.  Those  of  the  nose, 
of  the  meatus  auditorius,  and  Eustachian  tube, 
present  a  similar  arrangement.  Other  cartilages 
resemble  a  union  of  fibrous  and  cartilaginous  tex- 
tures ;  hence  their  name  Fihro-cartilages. 

Cartilages,  Semilunar,  see  Semilunar — c 
Sigmoid,  Semilunar  cartilages. 

CARTILAGINES  GUTTURALES,  Aryte- 
noid cartilages — c.  Semilunares,  Semilunar  carti- 
lages— c.  Sigmoidese,  Semilunar  cartilages. 

Cartilaginis  Arttenoid^^  Capitclum,  Cor- 
nieulum laryngis. 

CARTILAG^'INOUS,  Cartilagin'ens,  CartUa- 
gino'sus,  Chondro'des,  Chondro'i'des,  (F.)  Carti- 
lagineii.c.    Belonging  to,  or  resembling  cartilage. 

Cartilagixous,  Tissue,  see  Tissue. 

CARTILAGO,  Cartilage  — c.  Clypealis,  Thy- 
roid cartilage  —  c.  Ensiformis,  Xiphoid  cartilage 

—  c.  Guttalis,  Arytenoid  cartilage  — c.  Innomi- 
nata,  Cricoid — c.  Mucronata,  Xiphoid  cartiljL'-e — 
c.  Peltalis,  Thyroid  cartilage.  Xiphoid  cartilage 

—  c.  Scutiformis,  Thyroid  cartOage  —  c.  Uvifer, 
Uvula — c.  Xiphoides,  Xiphoid  cartilage. 


CARUM 


175 


CASSIA 


CARUM,  from  Caria,  a  province  of  Asia. 
A'phini  carvi,  Bu'nhtm  carvi,  Ligus'ticum  carvi, 
Ses'eli  carvi  seu  carum,  Shun  carvi,  Oa'reum, 
Garum  car'vi,  Carvi,  Cumi'num  praten'se.  Cams, 
Car'uon,  the  Car'aicay,  (F.)  Carvi,  Cumin  des 
prSs.  Family,  Umbellifer^.  Sex.  Syst.  Pentan- 
dria  Digynia.  The  seeds,  Carnaha'dia,  Car'oua, 
are  carminative.  Dose,  gr.  x  to  ^ij?  swallowed 
whole  or  bruised.  The  oil.  Oleum  Car'u'i,  (F.) 
Huile  de  carvi,  hag  the  properties  of  the  seeds. 
Dose,  gtt.  ij  to  vj. 

Carum  Bdlbocastajium,  Bunium  bulbocasta- 
num. 

CAR'UNCLE,  Cantn'eula,  diminutive  of  caro, 
'flesh.'     A  small  portion  of  ilesh,  Sar'ciitm,  Sar- 
cid'ium.     A  fleshy  excrescence, — Ecphy'ma  car- 
tin'cula,  (F.)  Caroncule. 
Caruncle,  Camositas. 
Caruxcles  in  the  Urethra,  Carnosities. 
Carun'cuLA     Lachryma'lis,    (F.)     Caroncnle 
lacrymale.      A  small,    reddish,    follicular   body, 
situate  at  the  inner  angle  of  the  eye.     It  secretes 
a  gummy  substance. 

CARUNCUL^  CUTICULARES,  Nymphse. 
Caruncul^   Mamilla'res.     The  extremities 
tf   the  lactiferous    tubes   in    the   nipples.      The 
olfactory  nerves  have  been  so  called  by  some. 

CaruNCULJE  Myrtifor'mes,  G.  Vagina'les, 
Giau'dulcB  myrtifor'mes,  (F.)  Caroncides  myrti- 
formes.  Small,  reddish  tubercles,  more  or  less 
firm,  of  variable  form,  and  uncertain  number, 
situate  near  the  orifice  of  the  vagina,  and  formed 
by  the  mucous  membrane.  They  are  regarded 
as  the  remains  of  the  hymen. 

Caruncul^  Papillares,  Papillas  of  the  kid- 
ney. 

CARUN'CULOUS,  Carun'cular.     Relating  to 
caruncles  or  carnosities. 
CARUON,  Carum. 

CARUS,  Kapoi;,  Sopor  caro'tieus.  Profound  sleep. 
The  last  degree  of  coma.,  with  complete  insensi- 
bility, which  HO  stimulus  can  remove,  even  for  a 
few  instants.  Sopor,  Coma,  Letliargia,  and  Ca- 
rus,  are  four  degrees  of  the  same  condition, 

Carus  Apoplexia,  Apoplexy  —  c.  Asphyxia, 
Asphyxia — e.  Catalepsia,  Catalepsy — c.  Ecstasis, 
Ecstasis — c.  Hydrocephalus,  Hydrocephalus  in- 
ternus — c.  ab  Insolatione,  Cou])  de  soleil — c.  Le- 
thargus,  Lethargy — c.  Lethargus  cataphora,  Som- 
nolency —  e.  Lethargus  vigil.  Coma  vigil  —  c. 
Paralysis,  Paralysis  —  c.  Paralysis  paraplegia. 
Paraplegia — c.  Veternus,  Lethargy. 
CARVI,  Carum. 

CARYA,  Juglans  regia — c.  Basilica,  Juglans 
regia. 

CARYEDON"  CATAGMA,  see  Fracture. 
CARYOCOST'IISTUS,  Caryocostinum,  An  elec- 
tuary prepared  of  the  costus  and  other  aromatic 
substances,  &<3.    It  was  cathartic.    See  Confectio 
Bcammonife. 

CARYON  PONTICON,  Corylus  avellana 
(nut.) 

CARYOPHYLLA,  Geum  urbanum. 
CARYOPHYLLATA  AQUATICA,  Geum  ri- 
vale — c.  Nutans,  Geum  rivale — c.  Urbana,  Geum 
urbanum — c.  Vulgaris,  Geum  urbanum. 

CARYOPHYLLUM  RUBRUM,  Dianthus  ca- 
ryophyllus. 

CARYOPHYLLUS  AMERICANUS,  see  Myr- 
tus  pimenta — c.  Aromaticus,  Eugenia  caryophyl- 
lata  —  c.  Hortensis,  Dianthus  caryophyllus  —  c. 
Pimenta,  Myrtus  Pimenta  —  c.  Vulgaris,  Geum 
urbanum. 

CARYO'TI.   '  The  best  kind  of  dates.— Galen. 

GAS  RARES  (F.),  Rare  cases.     This  term  is 

used,  by  the  French,  for  pathological  facts,  which 

rary  from  what  is  usual.  See  a  celebrated  article 


under  this  head  in  the  Dictionnaire  des  Sciences 
Medicales,  Vol.  IV. 

CASAMUM,  Cyclamen. 
CASAMUNAR,  Cassumuniar. 
CAS'CARA,  CASCARIL'LA.    Spanish  words, 
which  signify  bark  and  little  baric,  under  which 
appellations  the   bark   (Cinchona)  is  known  in 
Peru.     They  are  now  applied  to  the  bark  of  Gro- 
ton  cascarilla.      The   bark-gatherers    are  called 
Gaacarilleros. 
CASCARILLA,  Croton  cascarilla. 
CASCARILLEROS,  see  Cascara. 
CASCHEU,  Catechu. 

CASE,  Cap>sa,  Theca,  (F.)  Caisse.  This  name 
is  given  to  boxes  for  the  preservation  of  instru- 
ments, or  of  medicines  necessary  in  hospital  or 
other  service.  We  say,  e.  g.  —  A  case  of  ampu- 
tating, or  of  trepanning  instruments. 

Case,    Casus,    from    cadere,    casum,   'to   fall.' 
The  condition  of  a  patient;  —  as  a  case  of  fever, 
<fcc.  (F.)  Observation.  Also,  the  history  of  a  disease. 
CASEARIUS,  Cheesy. 

CA'SEIN,    Caseine,    Ca'seum,   Galactine,     Ga- 
seous matter ;  from  caseus,  'cheese.'      The  only 
nitrogenized  constituent  of  milk.     It  is  identical 
in    composition  with    the    chief  constituents   of 
blood, — fibrin  and  albumen,  all  being  compounds 
of  protein.    A  similar  principle  exists  in  the  vege- 
table,  Vegetable  Casein  or  Legu'min,   Veg"etable 
Gluten.     It  is  chiefly  found  in  leguminous  seeds 
— peas,  beans,  lentils.     Like  vegetable  albumen, 
Casein  is  soluble  in  water ;  and  the  solution  is 
not  coagulable  by  heat. 
Casein,  Blood,  Globulin. 
CASEOSUS,  Cheesy. 
CASEOUS  MATTER,  Casein. 
CASEUM,  Casein. 

CASEUS,  Cheese — c.  Equinus,  Hippace. 
CASEUX,  Cheesy. 
CASHEW,  Anacardium  occidentale. 
CASHOO.     An  aromatic  drug  of  Hindoostan, 
said  to  possess  pectoral  virtues. 
CASHOW,  Catechu. 
CASIA,  Laurus  cassia. 
CASMINA,  Cassumuniar. 
CASMONAR,  Cassumuniar. 
CASSA,  Thorax. 

CASSADA  ROOT,  Jatropha  manihot. 
CASSAVA  ROOT,  Jatropha  manihot. 
CASSE  AROMATIQUE,  Laurus  cassia  — c. 
en  Batons,  Cassia  fistular— c.  en  Hois,  Laurus  cas- 
sia —  c.  des  Boutiques,  Cassia  fistula  —  e.  SinS, 
Cassia  senna. 

GASSE-LUNETTES,  Cyanus  segetum,  Eu- 
phrasia officinalis. 

CASSEENA,  Ilex  vomitoria. 
CASSENOLES,  see  Quercus  infectoria. 
CASSIA,  Laurus  cassia — c.  Absus,  Absus  —  e, 
Acutifolia,  C.  senna  —  c.  Egyptian,  C.  senna — 
c.  Alexandrina,  C.  fistula  —  c.  Bonplandiana,  C. 
fistula. 

Cassia  Cham^ceis'ta,  Prairie  senna.  Par- 
tridge Pea,  Wild  Senna.  An  indigenous  plant, 
Fam.  Leguminosse,  which  flowers  in  August.  It 
resembles  Cassia  Marilandica  in  properties. 

Cassia  Cinnamomea,  Laurus  cassia  —  c.  Ca- 
ryophyllata,  Myrtus  caryophyllata  —  c.  Canella, 
Laurus  cassia  —  e.  Egyptian,  Cassia  senna — c. 
Excelsa,  C.  fistula.  t 

Cas'sta  Fis'tula,  Gas'sia  nigra,  Cassia  fisUi- 
la'ris,  G.  Alexandri'na  seu  excel'sa  seu  Bonplan- 
dia'na,  Canna,  Ganna  soluti'va,  Ganna  fistula, 
Gathartocur'pus,  Bactyrilo'bium  fis'tula.  Purging 
Cassia,  (F.)  Casse  Ganeficier,  Gasse  en  Bdtcns, 
Gasse  des  Boutiques.  The  pulp  of  Cassia  Fis' 
tula  or  Gathartocar'pus  Fistula;  Fam.'Legnmi- 
nosse ;  *S'ea-.  Syst.  Decandria  Monogynia,  Pulpet 
Gas'sia,    Ga"<ii<B     Aramen'tun^     Gistice    Fiitulte 


CASSIA  ARAMEXTUM 


176 


CATABLEMA 


Pulpa,  (Ph.  U.  S.)>  ^vhich  is  obtained  in  long 
pods,  is  black,  bright,  and  shining;  sweet,  slightly 
acid,  and  inodorous.  It  is  laxative  in  the  dose 
of  3iv  to  5J. 

Cassia  Lajvceolata,  C.  senna — e.  Lignea, 
Laurus  cassia  —  c.  Lignea  Malabariea,  Laurus 
cassia. 

Cassia  Mahilan'dica,  Senna  America'na, 
American  Senna,  Wild  Senna,  Locust  plant,  (F,) 
Sene  d'Ameriqne.  The  leaves  of  this  plant  are 
Eimilar,  in  virtue,  to  those  of  cassia  senna.  They 
are,  however,  much  inferior  in  strength. 

Cassia  JSTigea,  C.  fistula — c.  Officinalis,  C. 
senna — c.  Orientalis,  C.  senna — c.  Purging,  Cas- 
sia fistula. 

Cassia  Sexna,  C.  lanceola'ta  sen  acutifo'lia 
EC'U  orienta'lis  seu  officina'lis.  The  name  of  the 
plant  which  affords  senna.  It  is  yielded,  how- 
ever, by  several  species  of  the  genus  cassia.  The 
leaves  of  senna.  Senna  Folia,  Senna.  Alexandri'- 
ita,  Senna  Ital'ica,  Sena,  Senna  or  jErjyptian 
Cassia,  (F.)  Sene,  Casse  Sene,  have  a  faint  smell, 
and  bitterish  taste.  The  active  part,  by  some 
called  Cathartin,  is  extracted  by  alcohol  and 
water.  Their  activity  is  injured  by  boiling  water. 
They  are  a  hydragogue  cathartic,  and  apt  to 
gripe.  Dose  of  the  powder,  ^j  to  Jj.  Infusion 
is  the  best  form. 

The  varieties  of  senna,  in  commerce,  are  Tin- 
nivelly  Sen7xa,  Bomhay  or  Common  India  Senna, 
Alexandrian  Senna,  Triipoli  Senna,  and  Aleppo 
Senna. 

CASSIA  ARAMENTUM,  see  Cassia  fistula^ 
c.  Fistulas  pulpa,  see  Cassia  fistula — c.  Flores, 
gee  Laurus  cinnamomum. 

CASSIALA,  Hyssopus. 

CASSIDA  GALERICULATA,  Scutellaria  ga- 
''ericulata. 

CASSIBE  BLEUE,  Scutellaria  galericulata. 

CASSINA,  Ilex  vomitoria. 

CASSIXE  CAROLIiSriANA,  Hex  paraguensis 
■ — c.  Evergreen,  Ilex  vomitoria — c.  Peragua,  Ilex 
paniguensis. 

CASSIS,  Ribes  nigrum. 

CASSITEROS,  Tin. 

CASSUMU'NIAR,  Oasamu'nar,  Casmonar, 
Zerumbet,  Casmina,  Ri'sagon,  Ben' gale  Indo'rum, 
Bengal  Root,  (F.)  Racine  de  Benyale.  A  root, 
obtained  from  the  East  Indies,  in  irregular  slices 
of  various  forms ;  some  cut  transversely,  others 
longitudinally.  It  is  an  aromatic  bitter,  and  is 
consequently  tonic  and  stimulant.  It  was  once 
considered  a  panacea,  and  has  been  referred  to 
Zingiher  Caseumuniar,  Z.  Clifford'ia  seu  purjvi- 
reum,  Amo'muni  monta'num,  and  to  Zingiber  Ze- 
riimhet,  Z.  spuriutn,  Amo'mwn  Zerumhet  seu  syl- 
ves'  ti*e, 

CASSUVIUM  POMIFERUBI,  Anacardium 
occidentale. 

CAS'SYTA  riLIFORM'IS.  A  South  African 
plant,  Nat.  Ord.  Laurinese,  which  is  employed 
ty  the  Cape  colonists  as  a  wash  in  scald  head, 
and  as  an  antiparasitic. 

CAST,  Caste. 

CASTALIA  SPECIOSA,  Nympheea  alba. 

CASTANEA,  Fagus  castanea,  see  also  Fagus 
castanea  pumila — c.  Equina,  JSsculus  Hippocas- 
tanum — c.  Pumila,  Fagus  castanea  pumila. 

CASTE,  Cast,  from  (P.)  Casta,  'race  or  lineage.' 
A  name  given,  by  the  Portuguese  in  India,  to 
classes  of  society,  divided  according  to  occupa- 
tions, which  have  remained  distinct  from  the 
earliest  times.  Hence  a  separate  and  fixed  order 
or  class.     See  Half-caste. 

CASTELLAMARE  DI  STABIA,  "WATERS 
OF.  Castellamare  di  Stabia  is  a  town  in  Naples, 
in  the  Prin^ipato  Citra,  15  miles  S.  S.  E.  of  Na- 


ples. There  are  two  springs,  the  one  sulphu- 
reous, the  other  chalybeate. 

CASTELLETTO  ADONO,  WATERS  OF. 
These  waters,  situate  near  Acqui,  in  Italy,  are 
sulphureous. 

CASTERA-VIVENT,  WATERS  OF.  Cas- 
tera-Vivent  is  a  small  village  in  the  department 
of  Gers,  near  which  is  a  cold  acidulous  chaly- 
beate, and  another  which  is  sulphureous  and 
thermal.     Temp.  84°  Fahrenheit. 

CASTIGANS,  Corrigent. 

CASTIGLIO'NIA  LOBA'TA,  Pirloncillo  tree. 
A  tree,  which  is  cultivated  in  some  parts  of  Pern, 
and  grows  wild  in  abundance.  Its  beautiful  fruit, 
when  roasted,  has  an  agreeable  flavour.  When 
an  incision  is  made  into  the  stem,  a  clear  bright 
liquid  flows  out,  which,  after  some  time,  becomes 
black  and  horny-like.  It  is  a  very  powerful 
caustic. 

CASTJOE,  Catechu. 

CASTLE-LEOD,  WATERS  OF.  A  sulphu- 
reous spring  in  Ross-shire,  Scotland,  celebrated 
for  the  cure  of  cutaneous  and  other  diseases. 

CASTOR  BAY,  Magnolia  glauca. 

Castor  Fiber,  Filer,  Canis  Pon'ticus,  the 
Beaver.  (F.)  Castor.  It  furnishes  the  Castor. 
Rondelet  recommends  slippers  made  of  its  skin 
in  gout.  Its  blood,  urine,  bile,  and  fa't,  were  for- 
merly used  in  medicine. 

Castoe  Oil  Plant,  Ricinus  communis. 

CASTO'REUM,  Casto'rimn,  Castor,  Castoreum 
Bos'sicum  et  Canaden'se,  from  /catrrup,  '  the  bea- 
ver,' quasi  yacrruip,  from  yao-rrip,  '  the  belly,'  be- 
cause of  the  size  of  its  belly.  (?)  A  peculiar 
matter  found  in  bags,  near  the  rectum  of  the 
beaver.  Castor  f  her.  Its  odour  is  strong,  unplea- 
sant, and  peculiar;  taste  bitter,  subacrid;  and 
colour  orange  brown.  It  is  antispasmodic,  and 
often  employed.     Dose,  gr.  x  to  Qj. 

CASTORINA,  from  Castoreum,  '  castor.'  Me- 
dicines containing  castor. 

CASTRANGULA,  Scrophularia  aquatica, 

CASTBA  r,  Oastratus. 

CASTRA'TION,  Castra'tio,  Ec'tome,  Ectom'ia, 
Evira'tio,  Excastra'tio,  Etesticida'tio,  Ertirpa'tio 
testicido'rum,  Detesta'tio,  Exsec'tio  viril'ium,  Eu- 
mtcMs'mus,  Orehotom'ia,  Orclicot'omy,  Orcliidot'- 
omy,  (F.)  Chutrnre.  The  operation  of  removing 
the  testicles.  Sometimes  the  term  is  employed 
for  the  operation  when  performed  on  one  testicle; 
hence  the  division  into  compdete  and  incomplete 
castration.  Castration  renders  the  individual  in- 
capable of  reproduction. 

CASTRATO,  Castratus. 

CASTRA'TUS,  (L)  Castra'to,  Ectom'iua, 
Emascula'tus,  Evira'tvs,  Exsec'tus,  Deaee'tvs,  Ex- 
testicida'tus,  Ex  maribiis,  Intestab'ilis,  Intesta'tiw, 
Spado,  Apoc'op)us,  Bago'as,  from  castrarc,  '  to 
castrate.'  (F.)  Castrat,  Chdtre.  One  deprived 
of  testicles.  This  privation  has  a  great  influ- 
ence on  the  development  of  puberty.  It  is 
adopted  to  procure  a  clearer  and  sharper  voice; 
and  in  the  East,  the  guardians  of  the  Harem,  for 
the  sake  of  security,  are  converted  into  Castra'ti 
or  Eu'nuchs,  evvov^oi.  Eicnnchs  have  generally 
both  testes  and  penis  removed. 

CASUS,  Prolapsus,  Symptom  —  c.  Palpebrte 
superioris,  Blepharoptosis — c.  UvuIeb,  Staphyloe- 
dema. 

CAT  TAIL,  Typha  latifolia. 

CATA,  Kara,  '  downwards,'  *  after,'  applied  to 
time :  at  times,  it  gives  additional  force  to  the 
radical  word.     A  common  prefix,  as  in  — 

CATAB'ASIS,  from  Karafiaivi^,  'I  descend.' 
An  expulsion  of  humours  downwards.  Also,  a 
descent,  Descen'sus,  Descen'sio,  —  as  of  the  tes- 
ticles, Dearen'sHS  testiciilo'rutn. 

CATABLE'MA,  KarajiXfiiia,  {koto  and  ISaXXuv,) 


CATABTTHISMOMANIA 


177 


CATAPLASM 


'any  thing  let  fall,  as  a  curtain,'  Epihle'ma,  Pe- 
rible'ma.  The  outermost  handage  which  secures 
the  rest. 

CATABYTHISMOMA'NIA,  from  Kara/Ju- 
Oiiriios,  '  submersion,'  and  fiavia,  '  mania.'  Insa- 
nity, with  a  propensity  to  suicide  by  drowning. 

CATACASMUS,  Cupping,  Scarification. 

CATACAUMA,  Burn. 

CATACAUSIS,  Combustion,  human — c.  Ebri- 
osa,  Combustion,  human. 

CATACERAS'TICUS,  from  KaTaKzoawvyn,  'I 
temper,'  'I  correct.'  The  same  as  Eplcerojsticus. 
A  medicine  capable  of  blunting  the  acrimony  of 
humours. 

CATACHASMOS,  Scarification. 

CATACHRISIS,  Inunction. 

CATACHRISTON,  Liniment. 

CATACH'TSIS,  Effu'sio,  Perfu'sio,  from  Kara- 
XEci),  'I  pour  upon.'  Affusion  with  cold  water. — 
Hippocrates.     Decantation. 

CATAC'LASIS,  from  KaraKla^w,  '1  break  to 
pieces.'  Cam' pylum,  Campylo'tis.  Distortion,  or 
spasmodic  fixation  of  the  ej'es;  spasmodic  occlu- 
sion of  the  eyelids ;  also,  fracture  of  a  bone. — 
Hippocrates,  Vogel. 

CATACLEIS';  from  Kara,  'beneath,' and  kXejj, 
'  the  clavicle ;'  '  a  lock  or  fastening,'  Kara/cXcia, 
(Kara  and  kXeiu),  I  lock  up.  This  term  has  been 
applied  to  many  parts,  as  to  the  first  rib,  the 
acromion,  the  joining  of  the  sternum  with  the 
ribs,  (fee. 

CATACLEI'SIS,  same  etymon.  A  locking  up. 
The  act  of  locking  up.  Morbid  union  of  the  eye- 
lids. 

CATACLYS'MUS,  Cataclys'ma,  Cata'chjais, 
from  KaTaK\v^eiv,  '  to  submerge,  inundate.'  A 
Clynter.  Hippocr.  Others  mean,  by  the  term,  a 
shower-bath,  or  copious  aflusion  of  water;  Catm- 
one'sis.     Ablution,  Douche. 

CAT^OXESIS,  Catantlema,  Cataclysmus. 

CATAGAUNA,  Cambogia. 

CATAGMA,  Fracture — c.  Fissura,  Fissure,  see 
Contrafissura — c.  Fractura,  Fracture. 

CATAGMAT'ICS,  Catagmat'icaremed'ia,  from 
Karayiia,  'fracture.'  Remedies  supposed  to  be 
capable  of  occasioning  the  formation  of  callus. 

CATAGOGLOS'SUM,  from  Karayav,  'to  draw 
down,'  and  yXucraa,  'the  tongue.'  An  instrument 
for  pressing  down  the  tongue.  See  Glossoca- 
tochus. 

CATAGRAPHOLOGIA,  Pharmacocatagra- 
•phologia. 

CATALEN'TIA.  EpOepsy,  or  some  disease 
resembling  it. — Paracelsus. 

CATALEPSIA  SPURIA,  Ecstasis. 

CAT'ALEPSY,  Catalep'sia,  Catalep'sis,  Cat'- 
ocJie,  Cat'ochus,  Cat'ocha  Gale'ni,  ilorhus  atton'- 
itu8  Celsi,  Hyste'ria  catalepi'tica,  Congela'tio,  De- 
ten'tio,  Encatalep'sis,  Aphonia — (Hipper.,)  Anati'- 
dia — (Antigenes,)  AppreTien'sio,  Contempla'tio, 
Stupor  vig"ilans,  Prehen'sio,  Cants  Catalep'sia, 
Oppres'sio,  Comprehen' sio — (Csel.  Aurelian,)  Com- 
pren'sio,Apoplex'iaCatalep'sia,{YomKaTa\afilSavo), 
'I  seize  hold  of.'  Trance  (?)  (F.)  Catalepisie.  A 
disease  in  which  there  is  sudden  suspension  of 
the  action  of  the  senses  and  of  volition ;  the 
limbs  and  trunk  pi'eserving  the  different  posi- 
tions given  to  them.  It  is  a  rare  affection,  but  is 
seen,  at  times,  as  a  form  of  hysteria.  Some  of 
the  Greek  writers  have  used  the  word  in  its  true 
acceptation  of  a  seizure,  surprise,  &c. 

CATALEPTIC,  Catalep'ticus,  same  etymon. 
Relating  to  catalepsy.     Affected  with  catalepsy. 

Catalep'tic  Method,  Meth'odus  Catalep'tica. 
The  administration  of  external  agents  when  in- 
ternal agents  are  inapplicable. 

CATALOT'IC,  Catalot'icv.^,  from  (coraXoaco,  'to 
12 


break  or  grind  down.'  A  remedy  which  remorea 
unseemly  cicatrices. 

CATAL'PA,  0.  Arho'rea,  Bigno'nia  Catal'pa, 
Catal'pa  Cordifo'lia,  C.  Arbores'cens  seu  Bigno- 
nioVdes  seu  Syringmfolia,  Catato'ba  tree,  Indian 
Bean.  A  decoction  of  the  pods  of  the  Catalpa, 
an  American  tree,  of  the  Nat.  Earn.  Bignoniacea?, 
Didynamia  Angiospermia,  has  been  recommended 
in  chronic  nervous  asthma. 

Catalpa  Arborea,  Catalpa — c.  Bignonioides, 
Catalpa — c.  Cordifolia,  Catalpa — c.  Syringmfolia, 
Catalpa. 

CATAL'YSIS,  Paralysis,  from  Kara,  and  X«(d, 
'I  dissolve  or  decompose.'  The  action  of  pre- 
sence in  producing  decomposition ;  as  when  a 
body  which  possesses  what  has  been  termed  cata- 
lytic force  resolves  other  bodies  into  new  com- 
pounds by  mere  contact  or  presence,  without 
itself  experiencing  any  modification. 

CATALYTIC  FORCE,  see  Catalysis. 

CATAMENIA,  Menses — c.  Alba,  Leucorrhoea. 

CATAME'NIAL,  Catamenia'lis,  Jlen'strual, 
Men'struus,  Men'struotis,  (F.)  Jlenstruel,  from 
Kara,  and  firiv,  '  a  mouth.'  Appertaining  or  relat- 
ing to  the  catamenia. 

CATAMENIORUM  FLUXUS  IMMODICUS, 
Menorrhagia. 

CATANANCE,  Cichorium  intyhus. 

CATANGELOS,  Ruscus. 

CATANTLE'MA,  Catantle'sis,  from  Kara, 
'upon,'  and  avr^aoi,  'I  pour.'  Cateone'sis  and 
Oatceone'sis.  Ablution  with  warm  water.  A  fo- 
mentation.— Moschion,  Marcellus  Empirieus. 

CATAP AS'M A,  from  Kara-aaaaiJi,  '  I  sprinkle.' 
Oatapas'tum,  Consper'sio,  Epipas'ton,  Pasma, 
Sympas'ma,  Empas' ma,  Diapas'ma,  Xer'ion,  Aa- 
per'sio,  Epispas'tum,  Pulvia  asperso'rius.  A  com- 
pound medicine,  in  the  form  of  powder,  employed 
by  the  ancients  to  sprinkle  on  ulcers,  absorb  per- 
spiration, &c. — Paulus  of  ^gina. 

CATAPH'ORA,  'a  faU,'  from  KaTa<pcpio,  'I 
throw  down.'  A  state  resembling  sleep,  with 
privation  of  feeling  and  voice.  Somnolency. 
According  to  others,  Cataphora  is  simply  a  pro- 
found sleep,  which  it  is  difficult  to  rouse  from — 
in  this  sense  being  synonymous  with  Sopor. 

Cataphora  Coma,  see  Apoplexy  —  e.  Hydro- 
cephalica,  see  Apoplexy  —  e.  Cymini,  Theriaca 
Londinensis — c.  Magnetica,  Somnambulism,  mag- 
netic. 

CATAPHRAC'TA,  Cataphrac'tes,  a  Cuirass, 
from  Karacppacrcw,  '  I  fortify.'  A  name  given  by 
Galen  to  a  bandage  applied  round  the  thorax  and 
shoulders.     It  was  also  called  Quadri'ga. 

CATAPIESIS,  Depression. 

CATAPINOSIS,  Absorption. 

CATAP'LASIS,  from  KaTairXaaatD, '  to  besmear.' 
The  act  of  besmearing  or  overlaying  with  plaster, 

CAT'APLASM,  Cataplas'ma,  Epiplas'ma. 
Boeos,  Poidtice,  Pultice,  from  KarairXacrauv,  (Kara 
and  T7\a<7aciv,  'to  form  or  mould,')  'to  besmear.' 
(F.)  Cataplasme.  A  medicine  applied  exter- 
nally, under  the  form  of  a  thick  pap.  Cata- 
plasms are  formed  of  various  ingredients,  and  for 
different  objects.  They  may  be  anodyne,  emol- 
lient, tonic,  antiseptic,  irritating,  &c.  A  simple 
poultice  acts  only  by  virtue  of  its  warmth  and 
moisture.  Mealy,  fatty  substances,  leaves  of 
plants,  certain  fruits,  crumb  of  bread,  &c.,  aro 
the  most  common  bases.  The  chief  poultices 
which  have  been  ofiBcinal  are  the  following :—  • 
Anodyne  —  c.  Cicutee,  c.  Digitalis.  Antiseptic— 
c.  Carbonis,  c.  Dauci,  c.  Fermenti,  c.  Acetosffi,  c- 
CuminL  Emollient  —  c.  Lini,  e.  Panis,  c.  Mali 
maturu  Irritating — e.  Sinapis,  c.  Sodii  chloridi, 
c.  Querciis  Marini.  Tonic  and  Astringent  —  c. 
Alum,  c.  Goulard,  c.  of  Roses. 

The  Parisian  Codex  has  some  other  .fS^in^ 


CATAPLASMA  BTNES 


178 


CATAKACT 


cataplasms.  1.  Cataplas'ma  anod'ynum,  made  of 
poppy  and  hyoscyamus.  2.  Cataplas'ma  emolliens, 
made  of  m^eal  and  pulps.  3.  Cataplas'ma  ad 
tuppuratio'nem  promoven'dam,  of  pulps  and  ba- 
pilicon.  4.  Cataplas'ma  rubefa'ciens  vel  anti- 
pleurit'icum,  formed  of  pepper  and  vinegar. 

The  only  cataplasms,  the  preparation  of  which  it 
is  important  to  describe,  are  some  of  the  following : 
Cataplasm,  Alum,  Coagulum  Aluminosum. — 
c.  of  Beer  grounds,  see  Cataplasma  Fermenti. — 
e.  Carrot,  Cataplasma  Dauci. — c.  Charcoal,  Cata- 
plasma carbonis  ligni. 

CATAPLASMA  BYNES,  see  C.  Fermenti. 
Cataplas'ma  Carbo'nis  Ligni,  Charcoal  Cat- 
aplasm or  poultice.     Made  by  adding  powdered 
charcoal  to  a  common  cataplasm.     Used  as  an 
antiseptic  to  foul  ulcers,  &c. 

Cataplas'ma  Dauci,  Carrot  Cataplasm,  or 
poultice.  Made  by  boiling  the  root  of  the  Carrot 
until  it  is  soft  enough  to  form  a  poultice.  Used 
in  fetid  ulcers. 

Cataplas'ma  F^culje  Cerevisi^,  see  C. 
Fermenti. 

Cataplas'ma  Feement'i,  C.  efferves'cens,  Yeast 
Caljplasm  or  Poidtice,  (F.)  Cataplasme  de  Levure. 
(Take  of  meal  Ibj,  yeast,  tbss.  Expose  to  a  gentle 
beat.)  It  is  antiseptic,  and  a  good  application 
to  bruises.  A  Cataplasm  of  Beer  Grounds,  Cata- 
plasma Fcb'ciUcb  Cerevis'icB,  C.  Bynes,  is  used  in 
the  same  cases. 

Cataplas'ma  Sina'pis,  C.  Sina'peos,  Sin'a- 
pism.  Mustard  Cataplasm  or  Poxdtice,  (F.)  Cata- 
plasme de  Moutard  ou  Sinapisme.  (Ifustard  and 
Linseed  meal  or  meal  aa  equal  parts.  Warm 
vinegar  or  water,  q.  s.)  A  rubefacient  and  sti- 
mulant applied  to  the  soles  of  the  feet  in  coma, 
low  typhus,  &c.,  as  well  as  to  the  pained  part  in 
rheumatism,  &c. 

CATAPLEX'IS,  iS'^M^or,  from  Kara,  and  Tt^riaati), 
'  I  strike.'     The  act  of  striking  with  amazement. 
Appearance  of  astonishment  as  exhibited  by  the 
eyes  in  particular.     See  Haemodia. 
CATAPOSIS,  Deglutition. 
CATAPOTTON,  Pilula. 

CATAPSYX'IS,  from  KaTaxpvxo,  'I  refrige- 
iate';  Peripsyx'is.  Considerable  coldness  of  the 
body,  without  rigor  and  horripilatio.  —  Galen, 
Perfric'tio.  Coldness  in  the  extreme  parts  of  the 
limbs. — Hippocrates. 

CATAPTO'SIS,  Beciden'tia,  a,/alL  This  word, 
at  times,  expresses  the  fall  of  a  patient,  attacked 
with  epilepsy,  or  apoplexy ;  at  others,  the  sudden 
v.solution  of  a  paralytic  limb. 
CATAPULTA  VIRILIS,  Penis. 
CATAPUTIA  MINOR,  Euphorbia  lathyris, 
Bicinus  communis. 

CAT'ARACT,  Catarae'ta,  Catarrhac'ta,  Suffu'- 
sio  Oc'uli,  S.  Lentis  cry  stall' ina,  Phtharma  cata- 
rae'ta, Cali'go  lentis,  Gutta  opa'ca,  Hypoc'hyma, 
Hopoc'hysis,  ffopoph'ysis,  Phacoscoto'ma,  Parnp'- 
sis  catarae'ta,  Glauco'ma  WoulJiou'si,  from  Kara- 
pacatLv  (Kara  and  pacro-tiv),  'to  tumble  down.'  A 
deprivation  of  sight,  which  comes  on,  as  if  a  veil 
fell  before  the  eyes.  Cataract  coxicists  in  opacity 
of  the  crystalline  lens  or  its  capsule,  which  pre- 
vents the  passage  of  the  ra,ys  of  light,  and  pre- 
cludes vision.  The  causes  are  obscure.  Biag- 
vosis. — The  patient  is  blind,  the  pupil  seems 
closed  by  an  opake  body,  of  variable  colour,  but 
commonly  whitish  : — the  pupil  contracting  and 
dilating.  Cataracts  have  been  divided,  by  some, 
into  spurious  and  genuine.  The  former,  where 
the  obstacle  to  vision  is  bef.ween  the  capsule  of 
the  lens  and  the  uvea :  the  latter,  where  it  is  in 
the  lens  or  capsule.  A  lenticular  cataract  is 
■where  the  affection  is  seated  in  the  lens  : — a  cap- 
tidar  or  membranous,  in  the  capsule.  The  cap- 
»ular  18  divided  again,  by  Beer,  into  the  anterior, 


posterior,  and  complete  capsular  cataract.  TChen 
the  capsule  is  rendered  opake,  in  consequence 
of  an  injury,  which  cuts  or  ruptures  any  part  of 
it,  it  thickens,  becomes  leathery,  and  has  been 
called  Catarae'ta  arida  siliquo'sa.  Catarae'ta 
Morgagnia'na  lactea  vel  purifor'mis,  is  the  milky 
variety,  in  which  the  crystalline  is  transformed 
into  a  liquid  similar  to  milk,  (F.)  Cataracts  lai- 
teuse  ;  or,  as  generally  defined,  in  which  there  is 
opacity  of  the  fluid  situate  between  the  lens  and 
its  capsule.  The  cap'sulo-lentic'tdar  affects  both 
lens  and  capsule,  and  Beer  conceives  the  liquor 
Slorgagni,  in  an  altered  state,  may  contribute  to 
it.  Cataracts  are  also  called  hard,  soft,  {Phaco- 
mala'eia,)  stony,  (F.  pierreuse,)  milky  or  cheesy, 
[laiteuse  ou  caseuse,  Galactoeatarac'ta,  Catarae'ta 
lactic'olor,)  according  to  their  density: — white, 
pearly,  yellow,  brown,  gray,  green,  black,  (F.) 
blanche,  perlee,  jaune,  brune,  grise,  verte,  noire, 
according  to  their  colour  : — fixed  or  vacillatiny, 
— catarae'ta  capsulo-lenticula'ris  fixa  vel  trem'- 
ula,  (F.)fixe  ou  branlante,  according  as  they  are 
fixed  or  movable  behind  the  pupil.  They  are 
likewise  called  Catarae'ta  niarmora'cim,  fenea- 
tra'tcB,  stella'tcB,  puncta'tm,  dimidia'tcB,  <fec.,  ac- 
cording to  the  appearances  they  present. 

They  may  also  be  simple,  or  complicated  with 
adhesion,  amaurosis,  specks,  <fec. ;  and  pritnary 
or  primitive,  when  opake  before  the  operation  ; — 
secondary,  when  the  opacity  is  the  result  of  the 
operation. 

The  following  classification  of  cataracts  is  by 
M.  Desmarres: 

Class  I.   True  Cataracts. 

Green. 
Black. 
Osseous. 

Stony  or  chalky. 
'  Striated,etiolated, 
barred,    dehis- 
cent, with  three 
branches,  &c. 
■  Disseminated,  or 
dotted. 
Congenital. 
Traumatic. 
Glaucomatons.    ; 
Morgagnian,     or 

interstitial. 
Cystic,  purulent, 

fetid. 
Shaking,  or  float- 
ing. 
Luxated. 
(  Pyramidal  or  ve- 
i.      getant. 
(  Arid  siliquose. 
All    the    varieties   of   lenticular 
and  capsular  cataracts. 

(  Lenticular. 

<  Capsular. 

(  Capsulo-lenticular. 


a.  Lenticular 
Cataracts. 


Hard. 


Soft. 


b.  Capsular 
Cataracts. 

c.  Capsulo- 
ventricular 

Cataracts. 

d.  Secondary 
Cataracts. 


Liquid. 

Other  varie- 
ties, soft,hard, 
or  liquid. 

I  Anterior. 
1  Posterior. 


Class  II.    False  Cataracts. 
Fibrinous. 
Purulent. 
Sanguineous. 
Pigmentous. 

Cataract  is  commonly  a  disease  of  elderly  in- 
dividuals, although,  notunfrequently,  congen'ital. 
It  forms  slowly;  objeet-s  are  at  first  seen  a-s 
through  a  mist ;  light  bodies  appear  to  fly  before 
the  eyes,  and  it  is  not  until  after  months  or  years 
that  the  sight  is  wholly  lost.  No  means  will  ob- 
viate the  evil  except  an  operation,  which  consist« 
in  removing  the  obstacle  to  the  passage  of  the 


CATARACTA 


179 


CATARRHUS 


light  to  tlie  retina.  Four  chief  methods  are  em- 
ployed for  this  purpose.  1.  Couching  or  Depres- 
sion, Hyalonix'is,  Hyalonyx'is,  (F.)  Ahaissement, 
Beplacement  de  la  Cataracte.  This  consists  in 
passing  a  cataract  needle  through  the  sclerotica 
and  subjacent  membranes,  a  little  above  the 
transverse  diameter  of  the  eye ;  and  at  about  two 
lines'  distance  from  the  circumference  of  the 
transparent  cornea,  until  the  point  arrives  in  the 
posterior  chamber  of  the  eye.  With  this  the 
crystalline  is  depressed  to  the  outer  and  lower 
part  of  the  globe  of  the  eye,  where  it  is  left. 

2.  By  absorption, — by  the  French  termed  hroie- 
ment,  or  bruising.  This  is  performed  in  the  same 
manner  as  the  former ;  except  that,  instead  of 
turning  the  crystalline  from  the  axis  of  the  visual 
rays,  it  is  divided  by  the  cutting  edge  of  the 
needle,  and  its  fragments  are  scattered  in  the 
humours   of  the  eye,  where  they  are  absorbed. 

3.  By  extraction,  which  consists  in  opening,  with 
a  particular  kind  of  knife,  the  transparent  cornea 
and  the  anterior  portion  of  the  capsule  of  the 
crystaUine  ;  and  causing  the  lens  to  issue  through 
the  aperture.  Each  of  the  processes  has  its  ad- 
vantages and  disadvantages,  and  all  are  used  by 
surgeons.  4.  Some,  again,  pass  a  cataract  needle 
through  the  transparent  cornea  and  pupil  to  the 
crystalline,  and  depress  or  caase  its  absorption. 
This  is  called  Keratonyxsis,  which  see. 

Cataract,  Black,  Amaurosis  —  c.  Capsular, 
see  Cataract — c.  Capsulo-lenticular,  see  Cataract 
■— c.  Central,  Centradiaphanes — c.  Cheesy,  see 
Cataract — c.  Congenital,  see  Cataract — c.  Com- 
plicated, see  Cataract — c.  Fixed,  see  Cataract — 
c.  Genuine,  see  Cataract — c.  Hard,  see  Cataract 

—  c.  Lenticular,  see  Cataract — e.  Membranous, 
see  Cataract — c.  Milkj'',  see  Cataract — c.  Opake, 
see  Cataract — c.  Primary,  see  Cataract — c.  Primi- 
tive, see  Cataract — e.  Secondary,  see  Cataract — 
c.  Simple,  see  Cataract — c.  Soft,  see  Cataract — 
c.  Spurious,  see  Cataract — c.  Stony,  see  Cataract 
— c.  Vacillating,  see  Cataract. 

CATAllACTA,  Cataract — c.  Arida  siliquosa, 
see  Cataract — c.  Capsulo-lenticularis,  see  Cata- 
ract—  c.  Oentralis,  Centradiaphanes  —  c.  Dimidi- 
ata,  see  Cataract — c.  Fenestrata,  see  Cataract — 
c.  Glauca,  Glaucoma  —  e.  Lacticolor,  see  Cata- 
ract— c.  Liquida,  Hygrocataracta — c.  Marmo- 
racea,  see  Cataract — c.  Morgagniana,  see  Cata- 
ract—  e.  Nigra,  Amaurosis  —  c.  Punctata,  see 
Cataract — c.  Stellata,  see  Cataract. 

GATARAGTE,  ABAISSEMENT DE  LA,  see 
Cataract — c.  Blanche,  see  Cataract — c.  Branlante, 
see  Cataract — c.  Brum,  see  Cataract — c.  Caseuse, 
see  Cataract — c.  Deplacement  de  la,  see  Cataract 
■ — c.  Fixe,  see  Cataract — c.  Grise,  see  Cataract — 
c.  Jaune,  see  Cataract  —  c.  Laiteuse,  see  Cataract 

—  c.  Noire,  Amaurosis,  see  Cataract — c.  Perlee, 
see  Cataract — c.  Pierreuse,  see  Cataract — c.  Verte, 
see  Cataract.       ^ 

GATARAGTE,  (F.)  Gatarac'tus,  Cafarac'td 
vitia'tus.  One  affected  with  cataract.  The  French 
use  this  term,  both  for  the  eye  affected  with  cata- 
ract and  the  patient  himself. 

CATARIA,  see  Nepeta — c.  Vulgaris,  Nepeta. 

CATARRH',  Gatar'rhus,  Catar' rhopus,  Gatar- 
rheu'ina,  Rheuma,  Dejiux'io,  Gatastag'ma,  Phleg- 
matorrhag"ia,Phlegmatorrha;'a,{rova.  Kara,  'down- 
wards,' and  pcio,  '  I  flow.'  A  discharge  of  fluid 
from  a  mucous  membrane.  The  ancients  consi- 
dered catarrh  as  a  simple  flux,  and  not  as  an  in- 
flammation. Generally  it  partakes  of  this  cha- 
racter, however.  Gatarrh  is,  with  us,  usually 
restricted  to  inflammation  of  the  mucous  mem- 
brane of  the  air-passages :  the  French  extend  it 
to  that  of  all  mucous  membranes;  (F.)  Flux 
muqueux,  Fluxion  catarrhale. 

Catarrh,  in  the  English  sense,  Broneho-catar'- 


rhva,  Pul'monary  Catarrh,  Lung  fever,  (vul- 
garly,) Rheuma  Pec'toris,  Destilla'tio  Pec'toris, 
Gatar'rhus  Pec'toris,  G.  Pulmo'num,  G.  Pulmo- 
na'lis,  C.  Bronchia'lis,  Blennop'tysis,  Tus'sis  ca- 
tarrha'lis,  simplex,  Grave' do  (of  many),  Febris 
Gatarrha'lis,  Blennotho'rax,  Bronchi' tis,  Gatar'- 
rhus d  Fri' gore,  (F.)  Gatarrhe  pulmonaire,  Fitvre 
Catarrhale,  Rhiane  de  Poitrine,  a  Cold,  is  a  su- 
perficial inflammation  of  the  mucous  follicles  of 
the  trachea  and  bronchi.  It  is  commonly  an  af- 
fection of  but  little  consequence,  but  apt  to  re- 
lapse and  become  chronic.  It  is  characterized 
by  cough,  thirst,  lassitude,  fever,  watery  eyes, 
with  increased  secretion  of  mucus  from  the  air- 
passages.  The  antiphlogistic  regimen  and  time 
usually  remove  it. — Sometimes,  the  inflammation 
of  the  bronchial  tubes  is  so  great  as  to  prove 
fatal. 

Catarrh,  Acute,  op  the  Uterus,  see  Metri- 
tis—  c.  Chronic,  Bronchitis,  (chronic)  —  c.  Dry, 
see  Bronctiuis  —  c.  Pulmonary,  Bronchitis,  Ca- 
tarrh—  c.  Rose,  Fever,  hay — c.  Suffocating  ner- 
vous. Asthma,  Thymicum  —  e.  Summer,  Fever, 
hay. 

Catarrh',  Epidem'ic,  Gatar'rhus  epidem'icus, 
G.  d  conta'gio,  Rheuma  epidem'icuni.  Catarrh 
prevailing  owing  to  some  particular  Gonstitutio 
aeris,  and  affecting  a  whole  country, — Lijluenza.  ■ 

CATARRHACTA,  Cataract. 

CATAR'RHAL,  Gatarrha'lis,  Gatarrho'icuf, 
Catar  rho'it'icus,  Catar  rhoet'icus.  Relating  to 
catarrh, — as  Catarrhal  Fever.  ^ 

GATARREE  AIGUJE  DE  L' UTERUS,  see 
Metritis  —  c.  Buccal,  Aphthae,  —  c.  Convxdsive, 
Bronchitis — c.  Gastrique,  Gastritis — c.  Guttural, 
Cynanche  tonsillaris — c.  Intestinal,  Diarrhoea — 
c.  Laryngien,  Laryngitis  —  c.  Nasal,  Coryza — 
c.  Oculaire,  Ophthalmia  —  c.  de  l' Oreille,  Otir- 
rhoea  —  c.  Pharyngien,  Cynanche  parotidea — o. 
Pitniteux,  Bronchorrhoea  —  c.  Pulmonaire,  Ca- 
tarrh— c.  Sec  ;  see  Bronchitis — c.  Stomacal,  Gas- 
trorrhoea  —  c.  Utirin,  Leucorrhcea  —  e.  Ve'sical, 
Cj'storrhoea. 

CATARRHEC'TICA,  from  Karaponywiii,  'I 
break  down.'  Remedies  considered  proper  for 
evacuating;  —  as  diuretics,  cathartics,  &c.  Hip- 
pocrates. 

CATARRHEUMA,  Catarrh. 

CATARRHEUX(F.)  Catarrho' sus.  One  sub- 
ject to  catarrh  ;  affected  with  catarrh. 

CATARRHEX'IA,  Catarrhex'is ;  same  ety- 
mon as  Gatarrhectica.  The  action  of  Catarrhee- 
tica.     Also,  effusion;  evacuation  of  the  bowels. 

CATARRHEXIS,  Catarrhexia,  Excrement— 
c.  Vera,  Hcematochezia. 

CATARRHCEA,  Rheumatism. 

CATARRHOET'ICUS,  from  Karapp^,  '1  flow 
from.'  An  epithet  for  disease  produced  by  a 
discharge  of  phlegm ;  catarrhal. 

CATAR'RHOPA  PHY'MATA.from  Karappona, 
Karappomis, '  sloping  downwards.'  Tubercles  tend- 
ing downwards,  or  with  their  apices  downwards 

CATARRHOPHE,  Absorption. 

CATARRHOPHESIS,  Absorption. 

CATARRHO'PIA,  Gatar'rhysis,  from  /cnro 
'downwards,'  and  poir-n,  'inclination.'  An  affiux 
of  fluids  towards  the  inferior  parts,  and  espe- 
cially towards  the  viscera  of  the  abdomen.  The 
Greek  word  avappoiria  expresses  an  opposite  phe- 
nomenon, or  a  tendency  towards  the  upper  part*. 

CATARRHOPUS,  Catarrh. 

CATARRHOS'CHESIS,  from  Kurappo;,  'ca- 
tarrh,' and  (r%£o-if,  'suppression.'  The  suppre?- 
sion  of  a  mucous  discharge. 

CATARRHUS,  Defluxion,  Tussis— c.  iEstivus, 
fever,  hay — c.  Bellinsulanus,  Cynanche  paroii- 
dffia — c.  Bronchialis,  Catarrh — j3.  Eronehioruin, 
Bronchitis — c.  a  Contagio,  Influenza — c.   Spi- 


CATARSHYSIS 


180 


CATINUS  FUSORIUS 


demicus,  Influenza,  Catarrh,  epidemic  —  c.  Geni- 
talium,  Leucorrhoea — c.  Gonorrhoea,  Gonorrhoea 
— e.  Intestinalis,  Diarrhoea — c.  Laryngeus,  La- 
ryngo-catarrhus — e.  ad  Nares,  Coryza — c.  Nasa- 
lis,  Coryza — c.  Pulmonalis,  Catarrh — c.  Pulmo- 
num,  Bronchitis,  Catarrh — c.  Senilis,  Bronchitis, 
(chronic) — e.  Suffocativus  Barbadensis,  C.  trache- 
alis — c.  Trachealis,  Laryngo-catarrhus — c.  Ure- 
thi-^,  Gonnorrhoea  pura — c.  Urethralis,  Gonor- 
rhoea— c.  Vesicse,  Cystorrhoea. 

CATARRHYSIS,  Catarrhopia,  Defluxion. 
CATARTISIS,  Catartismus. 
CATARTIS'MUS,  Catar'ttsis,  from  Karapn^eiv, 
'  to  repair,  replace.'    The  coaptation  of  a  luxated 
or  fractured  bone^  or  hernia. 
CATASAECA,  Anasarca. 
CATASCEUE,  Structure. 
CATASCHASMUS,  Bloodletting,  Scarification. 
CATASTAGMUS,  Catarrh,  Coryza. 
CATASTALAGMUS,  Coryza,  Distillation. 
CATASTALTICA,  Hajmatostatica,  Sedatives. 
CATAS'TASIS,  from  Ka^taTvin,  'I  establish.' 
The  constitution,  state,   condition,   &o.,  of  any 
thing.  —  Hippocrates.     Also  the  reduction  of  a 
bone.     See  Constitution,  and  Habit  of  Body. 

CATAT'ASIS,  from  KaraTcivw, '  I  extend'.  Ex- 
tension. The  extension  and  reduction  of  a  frac- 
tured limb. — Hippocrates. 

CATATHLIPSIS,  Oppression. 
CATAWBA  TREE,  Catalpa. 
CATAXIS,  Fracture. 

CATCH  FLY,  Apoeynum  androssemifolium, 
Silene  Virginica. 

CATCHUP,  Ketchup. 

CAT'ECHTJ.  The  extract  of  various  parts  of 
the  Aca'cia  Cnt'echu,  3Iimo'sa  Gat'ecliu,  Gamt'- 
chu,  an  oriental  tree.  The  drug  is  also  called 
Terra  Japon'ica,  Extrac'tum  Catechu,  Japan 
Earth,  Cascheu,  Cadtchu,  Cashow,  Gaitchu,  Cast- 
joe,  Cacait,  Gate,  Kaath,  Cuti,  Gutch,  Co'ira,  Suc- 
cus  Ja2}on'icus,  (F.)  Cachou,  It  is  a  powerful 
astringent,  and  is  used  in  diarrhoea,  intestinal  he- 
morrhage, i&c.  Dose,  gr.  xv  to  2[ss,  in  powder. 
Catechu,  Squaee,  see  Nauclea  gambir. 
CATEIAD'IOjST,  from  Kara,  and  ua,  'a  blade 
of  grass.'  A  long  instrument  thrust  into  the 
nostrils  to  excite  hemorrhage  in  headach. — 
Aretseus. 

CATENA  MUSCULUS,  Tibialis  anticus. 
CATEONESIS,  Catantlema, 
CATGUT,  Galega  Virginiana. 
CATHiE'RESIS,  Kadaipccis,  'subtraction,  di- 
minution.'    Extenuation  or  exhaustion,  owing  to 
forced  exercise.  —  Hippocrates.     The  action  of 
catheretics. 

CATH^RETICUS,  Catheretic. 
CATHARETICUS,  Cathartic. 
CATHARISMOS,  Depuration. 
CATHAR'MA,   Ptirg anient' uvi.      The   matter 
evacuated   by  a  purgative,   or  by  spontaneous 
purging :  also,  a  cathartic. 

CATHAR'MUS,  Same  etymon;  a  purgation. 
—  Hippocrates.  Also,  the  cure  of  a  disease  by 
magic,  &c. 

CATHAR'SIS,  from  Ka^ipeiv,  {Kaff  and  aipeiv, 
'  to  take  away,')  '  to  purge.'  Purga'tio,  Apoca- 
thar'aia,  Gopropho' ria,  Coj^rophore'sis.  A  natu- 
ral or  axti^cial  ptirgation  of  any  passage; — mouth, 
anus,  vagina,  &c. 

CATHAR'TIC,  Gathar'ticns,  Cathare'ticus, 
Cathor'ma,  Goprocrit' icmn,  Coprago'guw,  Lxtatra- 
mnn'tum,  Purgans  medicament' um,  TrichiW  um,  JDe- 
jecto'rium  Remed'ium,  Eccathar'ticua,  Hypaeti- 
ma,  Hopochoret' icua,  Alvum  evac'uana,  Hypel'atos, 
Lapae'ticHS,  Apocathar'ticus.  Same  etymon.  (F.) 
Gathartique.  A  medicine  which,  when  taken  in- 
ternally, increases  the  number  of  alvine  evacua- 
tims.     Some  substances  act  upon  the  upper  part 


of  the  intestinal  canal,  as  calomel  and  coloci/nth  ; 
others,  on  the  lower  part,  as  aloes  ;  and  some  on 
the  whole  extent,  as  saline  purgatives.  Hence  a 
choice  may  be  necessary.  Cathartics  are  divided 
into  purgatives  and  laxatives.  The  following  is 
a  list  of  the  chief  cathartics  : 

Aloe,  Cassia  Marilandica,  Colocynthis,  Elate- 
rium,  Gambogia,  Hydrargyri  Chloridum  mite, 
Hydrargyri  Oxydum  nigrum,  Hydrarg.  cum 
Magnesia,  Jalapa,  Juglans,  Magnesia.  Magnesia 
Carbonas,  Magnesise  Sulphas,  Manna,  Mannita, 
Oleum  Euphorbise  Lathyridis,  Oleum  Ricini, 
Oleum  Tiglii,  Podophyllum,  Potassse  Acetas,  Po- 
tassje  Bisulphas,  Potassse  Sulphas,  Potassae  Bi- 
tartras,  Potassse  Tartras,  Hheum,  Scammonium, 
Senna,  Sinapis,  Sodse  et  Potassse  Tartras,  Sodae 
Phosphas,  Sodse  Sulphas,  Sodi  Chloridum,  Sul- 
phur, Veratria,  Aquae  Minerales  Sulphurese  et 
Salinse,  Enemata,  Suppositoria. 

CATHARTIN,  see  Cassia  Senna,  and  Con- 
volvulus jalapa. 

CA  THAU  TIQ  UE,  Cathartic. 
CATHARTOCARPUS,  Cassia  fistula.  • 
CATHEDRA,  Anus. 
CATHEMERINUS,  Quotidian. 
CATHEMERUS,  Quotidian. 
CATHERET'IC,     Gathareficua,    Ectylot'icus, 
Sarcoph' agiis,  from  Ka^aipeiv,  '  to  eat,'  '  destroy.' 
Substances  applied  to  warts,  exuberant  granula- 
tions, <fcc.,  to  eat  them  down.     Mild  caxiatica. 

CATH'ETER,  from  Ka^irim  {Kaff,  and  ivfu,  'to 
send,')  '  I  explore.'  JEne'a,  Al'galie,  Cathete'ris, 
Demiasor,  Jmmis'sor.  A  hollow  tube,  introduced 
by  surgeons  into  the  urinary  bladder,  for  the 
purpose  of  drawing  oiF  the  urine.  Catheters  arc 
made  of  silver  or  elastic  gum.  See  Bougie.  The 
French  generally  use  the  word  catheter  for  the 
solid  sound  or  staff;  and  algalie  and  sonde  for 
the  hollow  instrument. 

Catheter,  Nasal.  An  instrument,  invented 
by  M.  Gensoul,  of  Lyons,  for  catheterizing  the 
ductus  ad  nasum.  It  is  hook-shaped;  the  extre- 
mity, bent  at  a  right  angle,  is  about  an  inch  in 
length,  suited  to  the  distance  of  the  lower  orifice 
of  the  duet  from  the  nostril,  and  likewise  to  the 
length  and  form  of  the  duct,  with  a  slight  spiral 
turn. 

CATHETERIS,  Catheter. 
CATHETERISIS,  Catheterismus. 
CATHETERIS'MUS,   Gathete'riais,  Catheteri- 
sa'tio,    Gath'eterism,    Catheteriza'tion,    Immis'aio 
Cathete'ria,  same  etymon.    The  introduction  of  a 
catheter  or  sound  into  the  bladder  or  Eustachian 
tube.     Also  probing  a  wound.     Melosis. 
CATHETERIZATION,  Catheterismus. 
CATH'ETERIZE.     To  perform  the  operation 
of  catheterism; — in  other  words,  to  introduce  the 
catheter,  to  probe  or  sound  a  cavity. 

CATHID'RYSIS,  from  Ka^iSpva,  ' I  place  to- 
gether.'  Reduction  of  a  part  to  its  natural  situ- 
ation. 

CATHMIA,  Plumbi  oxydum  semi-vitreum. 
CATHMIR,  Calamina. 

CATHOD'IC,  Cathod'icus;  from  KaB',  'down- 
wards,' and  biog, '  a  way.'  An  epithet  applied  by 
Dr.  Marshall  HaU  to  a  downward  course  of  ner- 
vous action. 

CATH'OLIC  HUMOURS,  (F.)  Hvmenra  Ga- 
tholiques,  are  the  fluids  spread  over  the  whole 
body. 

CATHOLICON,  Panacea. 
Cathol'icon   Duplex.     An  ancient  purging 
electuary,  chiefly  composed  of  cassia,  tamarinds, 
rhubarb,  sennn,  <fcc. 

CATHOLICUM,  Panacea. 

C  ATIL'LIA.     A  weight  of  nine  onnces. 

CATILLUS,  Cup. 

CATINUS  FUSORIUS,  Crucible. 


CATLING 


181 


CATJSA 


CATLING,  Knife,  double-edged. 

CATO,  Kara),  'below,'  'beneath.'  This  word, 
in  the  writings  of  Hippocrates,  is  often  used  for 
the  abdomen,  especially  the  intestines.  "When  he 
advises  a  remedy  kutui,  he  means  a  purgative ; 
when  avio,  'above  or  upwards,'  an  emetic.  As  a 
prefix,  Cafo  means  'beneath,'  as  in 

CATOCATHARTIC,  Catocathar'ticus,  from 
jcaru,  '  downwards,'  and  KaS^aipcoi,  '  I  purge.'  A 
medicine  which  purges  downwards.  One  that 
produces  alvine  evacuations.  The  antithesis  to 
Anacathartie. 

CATOCHA  GALEjSTI,  Catalepsy. 

CAT'OCHE,  Cat'oeheis,  Cat' oehtts,  horn.  KaTe^oi, 
'  I  retain,'  '  I  hold  fast.'  This  word  has,  by  some, 
been  used  synonymously  with  Catalepsy  ;  by 
others,  with  Coma  vigil ;  by  others,  with  Tetanus. 

CATOCHUS,  Catoche,  Ecstasis  — c.  Cervinus, 
Tetanus — e.  Holotonieus,  Tetanus — c.  Infantum, 
Induration  of  the  cellular  tissue. 

CATOMIS'MOS,  from  Karui,  'beneath,'  and 
ofjoj,  'shoulder;'  Subhumera'tio.  A  mode  with 
the  ancients  of  reducing  luxation  of  the  humerus 
by  raising  the  body  by  the  arm. — Paulus  of  Mgina. 

CATOPTER,  Speculum. 

CATOP'TRIC  EXAMINATION  OF  THE 
EYE.  When  a  lighted  candle  is  held  before  the 
eye,  the  pupU  of  which  has  been  dUated  by  bella- 
donna, three  images  of  it  are  seen — two  erect,  and 
one  inverted:  —  the  former  owing  to  reflection 
from  the  cornea  and  anterior  surface  of  the  crys- 
talline ,•  the  latter  owing  to  reflection  from  the 
posterior  layer  of  the  crystalline.  This  mode  of 
examining  the  eye  has  been  proposed  as  a  means 
of  diagnosis  between  cataract  and  amaurosis.  In 
the  latter,  all  the  images  are  seen. 

CATOPTROMANCY,  from  KaTOirrpov,  {Kara, 
and  o-arojiai,)  'a  mirror,'  and  fiavreta,  'divination.' 
A  kind  of  divination  by  means  of  a  mirror. 

CATOPTRON,  Speculum. 

CATORCHI'TES.  A  kind  of  sour  wine,  pre- 
pared with  the  orchis  and  black  grape,  or  dried 
figs.  It  was  formerly  employed  as  a  diuretic  and 
emmenagogue. — Dioscorides.  Called,  also,  St/ci'- 
tes. — Galen. 

CATORETICUS,  Purgative. 

CATOTERICUS,  Purgative. 

CATO'TICA,  from  kutio,  'beneath.'  Diseases 
infecting  internal  surfaces.  Pravity  of  the  fluids 
or  emunctories,  that  open  on  the  internal  surfaces 
of  organs.  The  second  order  La  the  class  Eecri- 
tica  of  Good. 

CATOX'YS,  Peracu'tus,  from  Kara,  'an  inten- 
sive,'and  ofuf,  'acute.'  Highly  acute  J  &s  ilorbus 
Catoxys,  31.  Peracu'tus,  a  very  acute  disease. 

CAT'S  EYE,  AMAUROTIC,  see  Amaurotic. 

CAT'SFOOT,  Antennaria  dioica. 

CATTAGAUMA,  Cambogia. 

CATTITEROS,  Tin. 

CATULOTICA,  Cicatrisantia. 

CATU-TRIPALI,  Piper  longum. 

CAUCALIS  CAROTA,  Daucus  carota— c.  Sa- 
nicula,  Sanieula. 

CAUCALOIDES,  Patella. 

CAUCASIAN,  see  Homo. 

GAUCHEMAR,  Incubus. 

CAUCHEVIEILLE,  Incubus. 

CAUCHUC,  Caoutchouc. 

CAUDA,  Coccyx,  Penis. 

Cauda  Equi'na.  The  spinal  marrow,  at  its 
termination,  about  the  second  lumbar  vertebra, 
gives  off  a  considerable  number  of  nerves,  which, 
when  unravelled,  resemble  a  horse's  tail, — hence 
the  name;  (F.)  Queue  de  Cheval,  Q.  de  la  Moelle 
Epiniere.     See  Medulla  Spinalis. 

Cauda  Salax,  Penis. 

CAUDAL,  Caudate,  Cauda'Us,  Cauda'tus;  from 
Cauda,  'a  tail.'  Relating  or  appertaining  to  a 
tail       Having  a  tail  or  tail-like  appendage :  — 


as  'caudal  or  caudate  corpuscles* — corpnselea 
having  a  tail-like  appendage,  as  in  cancerous 
growths. 

CAUDATE,  Caudal. 

CAUDATIO,  CUtorism. 

CAUDATUS,  Bicaudatus. 

CAUDIEZ,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Cau- 
diez  is  a  small  town,  nine  leagues  from  Perpig- 
nan,  in  France,  where  there  is  a  thermal  spring, 
containing  a  little  sulphate  of  soda  and  iron. 

CAUDLE:  (F.)  Chaudeau,  eJiavd,  'warm  or 
hot.'  A  nourishing  gruel  given  to  women  during 
the  childbed  state.  The  following  is  a  form  for 
it :  Into  a  pint  of  fine  gruel,  not  thick,  put,  whUst 
it  is  boUing  hot,  the  yolk  of  an  egg  beaten  with 
sugar,  and  mixed  with  a  large  spoonful  of  cold 
water,  a  glass  of  wine,  and  nutmeg.  Mix  the 
whole  well  together.  Brandy  is  sometimes  sub- 
stituted for  the  wine,  and  lemon  peel  or  capillaire 
added.  It  is  also  sometimes  made  of  gruel  and 
beer,  with  sugar  and  nutmeg. 

CAUL,  from  (L.)  caida,  'a  fold,'  Pilus,  Pile'- 
olus,  Ga'lea,  Vitta,  (F.)  Coeffe,  Coiffe  —  {Etre  ni 
coeffe  —  '  to  be  born  with  a  caul.')  The  English 
name  for  the  omentum.  When  a  child  is  born 
with  the  membranes  over  the  face,  it  is  said  to 
have  been  'lorn  toith  a  caul.'  In  the  catalogue 
of  superstitions,  this  is  one  of  the  favourable 
omens.  The  caul  itself  is  supposed  to  confer 
privileges  upon  the  possessor;  hence  the  mem- 
branes are  dried,  and  sometimes  sold  for  a  high 
price.     See  Epiploon. 

CAULE'DON,  Cieye'don,iTomKavXoi,  'a  stalk.' 
A  transverse  fracture. 

CAU'LIFLOWER,  (G.)  Kohl,  'cabbage,'  and 
flower  [  ?  ],  Brassica  Florida. 

Cauliflower  Excres'cence,  Excrescen'tia 
Sypliilit'ica,  (F.)  Ohoufleur.  A  syphilitic  ex- 
crescence, which  appears  about  the  origin  of  the 
mucous  membranes,  chiefly  about  the  anus  and 
vulva,  and  which  resembles,  in  appearance,  the 
head  of  the  cauliflower. 

CAULIS,  Penis — c.  Florida,  Brassica  Florida, 

CAULOPHYL'LUM  THALICTROi'DES, 
Leon'tice  thalictroi'des,  Blueberry  Cohosh,  Cohosh, 
Cohush,  Blueberry,  Papoose  Boot,  Squaie  Boot, 
Blue  Ginseng,  Yellow  Ginseng,  a  plant  of  the  Fa- 
mily BerberidcEe ;  Sex.  Syst.  Hesandria  Mono- 
gyuia,  which  grows  all  over  the  United  States, 
flowering  in  May  and  June.  The  infusion  of  the 
root  is  much  used  by  the  Indians  in  various  dis- 
eases. To  it  are  ascribed  emmenagogue  and  dia- 
phoretic virtues. 

CAULOPLE'GIA,  from  Kav\og,  'the  male  or- 
gan,' and  -Kkriyrit  '  a  wound,'  or  '  stroke,'  An  in- 
jury or  paralysis  of  the  male  organ. 
_  CAULORRHAGIA,  Stimatosis— c.  Ejaculat-o- 
ria,  Spermato-cystidorrhagia — c.  Stillatitia,  Ure- 
throrrhagia. 

CAULORRHCEA  BENIGNA,  Gonorrhoea 
pura. 

CAULUS,  Penis. 

C AUMA,  Kav/ia,  '  a  burnt  part,'  from  (caiu,  '  I 
burn.'  Great  heat  of  the  body  or  atmosphere. 
Synocha,  Empresma. 

Cauma  Bronchitis,  Cynanehe  trachealis  —  e. 
Carditis,  Carditis  —  c.  Enteritis,  Enteritis  —  e. 
Gastritis,  Gastritis — c.  Hasmorrhagicum,  Heemor- 
rhagia  activa — c.  Hepatitis,  Hepatitis  —  c.  Oph- 
thalmitis, Ophthalmia — c.  Peritonitis,  Peritonitis 
—  c.  Phrenitis,  Phrenitis  —  e.  Pleuritis,  Pleuritis 
— c.  Podagricum,  Gout — c.  Rhtfumatismus,  Rheu- 
matism, acute. 

CAUMATO'DES,  Caumate'rus,  from  -cavna, 
'  fire-heat.'  Burning  hot.  Febris  caximato'dct, 
F.  causo'des.     Inflammatory  fever.     Synocha. 

CAUNGA,  Areca. 

CAUSA  CONJUNCT  A,  Cause,  ^.toximate — e. 
Contiaens,  Cause,  proximate. 


CAUS^ 


182 


CAUSTICUM 


CAIJS^  ABDIT^,  Causes,  predisponent  or 
remote — c.  Actuales,  Causes,  occasional — c.  Prse- 
incipierites.  Causes,  procatarctic  —  c.  Proegume- 
nae,'  Causes,  predisponent. 

CAUSE,  Cau'sa,Ai'tia,Ai'tion.  An  act -wMcli 
precedes  another,  and  seems  to  be  a  necessary 
condition  for  the  occurrence  of  the  latter.  The 
causes  of  disease  are  generally  extremely  ob- 
scure; although  they,  sometimes,  are  evident 
enough.  The  predisponent  and  occasional  causes 
are  the  only  two,  on  which  any  stress  can  be 
laid;  but  as  authors  have  divided  them  differ- 
ently, a  short  explanation  is  necessary. 

Cause,  Ac'cessobt,  (F.)  Cause  Aceessoire. 
One  which  has  only  a  secondary  influence  in  the 
production  of  disease. 

Causes,  Accidext'al,  Common  Causes,  (F.) 
Causes  Accidentelles,  are  those  which  act  only 
in  certain  given  conditions  ;  and  which  do  not 
always  produce  the  same  disease.  Cold,  e.  g., 
may  be  the  accidental  cause  of  pneumonia,  rheu- 
matism, &c, 

CAUSES  CACHE ES,  C.  occult^c.  Common, 
C.  accidental — c.  Exciting,  C.  Occasional — c.  Es- 
sential, C.  Specific — c.  Determin antes,  C.  Specific 
— c.  Eloignees,  C.  Predisponent. 

Causes,  Extern'al,  (F.)  Causes  externes,  are 
Buch  as  act  externally  to  the  individual ;  as  air, 
cold,  &c. 

CAUSES  F0R3IELLES,  (F.)  are  such  as 
determine  the  form  or  kind  of  disease.  They 
difi"er  from  the  Causes  materielles,  which  are 
common  to  a  set  of  diseases ;  as,  to  the  neuroses, 
phlegmasise,  &c. 

Causes,  Hiddejt,  C.  Occult. 

Causes,  Isteex'al,  (F.)  Causes  Internes,  are 
those  which  arise  within  the  body ;  —  as  mental 
emotions,  <fec. 

Causes,  Mechan'ical,  (F.)  Causes  mecaniques, 
are  those  which  act  mechanically,  as  pressure 
upon  the  windpipe  in  inducing  suffocation. 

Causes,  KEa'AiiVE,  (F.)  Causes  negatives,  com- 
prise all  those  things,  the  privation  of  which 
may  derange  the  functions;  —  as  abstinence  too 
long  continued.  They  are  opposed  to  positive 
causes,  which,  of  themselves,  directly  induce  dis- 
ease;— as  the  use  of  indigestible  food,  spirituous 
drinks,  <tc. 

Causes,  Obscure,  C.  Occult. 

Causes,  Occa' signal,  Exci'ting  Causes,  Causa 
actua'les,  (F.)  Causes  occasionelles,  are  those 
which  immediately  produce  disease.  The  occa- 
sional causes  have  been  divided  into  the  cogniz- 
ahle  and  non-cognizable. — C.  J.  B.  Williams. 


f  I.   Cognizable  Agents. 

1.  Mechanical. 

2.  Chemical. 

3.  Ingesta. 

4.  Bodily  exertion.  ' 
6.  Mental  emotion. 

6.  Excessive  evacuation. 

7.  Suppressed  or  defective  evacua- 

tion. 

8.  Defective  cleanliness,  ventilation 

and  draining. 

9.  Temperature  and  changes. 

II.    Non-Cognizable  Agents. 
].  Endemic.      "| 

3.  Infectious,    j 


excitixg 
Causes 

OP 

Disease. 


Causes,  Occvlt' ,  Hidden  causes,  Obscure  causes, 
(F.)  Catises  oecultes  ou  cachees  ou  obscures.  Any 
sauses  with  which  we  are  unacquainted;  also, 


certain   inappreciable   characters    of  the   atmo- 
sphere, which  give  rise  to  epidemics. 

Causes,  Phys'ical,  (F.)  Causes  PJii/siques, — 
those  which  act  by  virtue  of  their  physical  pro- 
perties ;  as  form,  hardness,  &c.  All  vulneratiug 
bodies  belong  to  this  class. 

Causes,  Physiolog"ical,  (F.)  Cmises  Plujaio- 
logiques,  those  which  act  only  on  living  matter ; 
— narcotics,  for  example. 

Causes,  Peedispo'jient,  Remote  causes,  Causes 
pro'egu'mencB,  Causes  ab'dita,  Causa  remo'tas ; 
(F.)  Causes  predisponantes.  Causes  eloignees, — 
those  which  render  the  body  liable  to  disease. 
They  may  be  general,  affecting  a  number  of  peo- 
ple, ox  particular,  affecting  only  one  person. 

Causes,  Pein'cipal,  (F.)  Causes  principales 
— those  which  exert  the  chief  influence  on  the 
production  of  disease,  as  distinguished  from  the 
accessory  causes. 

Causes,  Peocatahc'tic,  Causes  procatarc'ticm, 
Causes  2^''(Bincipien'tes,  from  TpoKarapKriKo;,  'tho 
origin  or  beginning  of  a  thing,'  {Karapxi^!  'I  be- 
gin,' and  Tzpo,  '  before.')  These  words  have  been 
used  with  different  significations.  Some  have 
employed  them  synonymously  yriih  predispoyieni 
or  remote  causes  y  others  with  occasional  or  excit- 
ing causes. 

CAUSE  PROCHAINE,  C.  proximate. 

Cause,  Peox'imate,  Causa  prox'-ima  vel  con'- 
tinens  vel  conjunc'ta,  (F.)  Cause  continente  oupro- 
chaine,  may  be  the  disease  itself.  Superabundance 
of  blood,  e.  g.,  is  the  proximate  cause  of  plethora- 

Causes,  Remote,  C.  predisponent. 

Causes,  Specie'ic,  Essen'tial  causes,  &c.,  (F.) 
Causes  specifiques,  C.  essentielles,  C.  determinantes; 
those  which  always  produce  a  determinate  dis- 
ease ;  special  contagion,  for  example. 

CAUSIS,  Burn,  Ebullition,  Fermentation,  In- 
cendium,  Ustion. 

CAUSOMA,  Inflammation. 

CAUS'TIC,  Caus'ticus,  Cauieret'icus,  DicBret'- 
icus,  Ero'dens,  Adu'rene,  Urens,  Pyrot'icua,  from 
Kuim,  'I  burn.'  (F.)  Caustique.  Bodies,  which 
have  the  property  of  causticity;  and  which  con- 
sequently, burn  or  disorganize  animal  substances. 
The  word  is  also  used  substantively.  The  most 
active  are  called  Escharot'ics.  Caustics  are  also 
termed  '  corrosives.' 

Caustic  Beaeer,  Porte-pierre. 

CAUSTICA  ADUSTIO,  Cauterization. 

CAUSTICITY,  Caustic"itas,  from  KavcTtKo;, 
'that  which  bums,'  {Kaiu>,  'I  burn.)  The  impres- 
sion which  caustic  bodies  make  on  the  organ  of 
taste ;  or,  more  commonly,  the  property  which 
distinguishes  those  bodies. 

CAUSTICOPHOPuUM,  Porte-pierre. 

CAUSTICUM  ^THIOP'ICUM,  Uitguen'tum 
Melan'icum  caus'ticum.  A  sort  of  paste,  made  b^ 
rubbing  powdered  saffron  with  concentrated  sul- 
phuric acid,  recommended  by  Velpeau  as  a  caus- 
tic in  cases  of  gangrenous  and  carcinomatous  ul- 
cers. The  acid  is  the  caustic :  the  saffron,  th€ 
constituent  merely. 

Causticum  Alkalinum,  Potassa  fusa — c.  Ame- 
ricanum,  Veratrum  sabadilla  —  e.  Antimoniale, 
Antimonium  muriatum. 

Causticum  Commu'ne,  Poten'tial  Cautery,  Com- 
mon Caustic,  Cavte'rium  potentia'le.  Lapis  sep'- 
ticus,  Caus'ticum  commu'ne  mit'ius.  This  con- 
sists of  quicklime  and  black  soap,  of  each  equaJ 
parts. 

Causticum  Commune,  Potassa  fusa  —  c.  Com- 
mune acerrimum,  Potassa  fusa — c.  Commune  for- 
tius, Potassa  cum  calce — c.  Lunare,  Argenti  nitras 
—  e.  Potentiale,  Potassa  fusa — c.  Salinum,  Po- 
tassa fusa — c.  Viennense  fusum  Filhos,  see  Pow- 
der, Vienna. 


CAUSTIQUE 


183 


CAVERNOUS 


GAUSTIQUE,  Caustic. 

OAUSTIQUE  FILHOS,  see  Powder,  Vienna. 

GAUSTIQUE  BE  VIENNE,  Powder,  Vi- 
enna. 

CAUSUS,  from  Kaiw,  'I  burn.'  A  highly  ar- 
dent fever;  Deu'rens.  Pinel  regards  it  as  a  com- 
plication of  bilious  and  inflammatory  fever ; 
Broussais,  as  an  intense  gastritis,  accompanied 
with  bUious  symptoms.     See  Synocha. 

Catjscs,  Endemial,  op  the  West  Indies, 
Fever,  Yellow  —  c.  Tropicus  endemicus,  Fever, 
YeUow. 

CAUTEJl,  Cauterium. 

GA  UTERE,  Cauterium,  Fonticulus  —  c.  Inhe- 
rent, Inherent  cautery. 

CAUTERETICUS,  Caustic. 

CAUTERETS,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Cauterets  is  a  bourg  seven  leagues  from  Bareges 
(Hautes-Pyrenees,)  France.  The  waters  are  hy- 
drosulphurous  and  thermal — temperature  123°  F. 
They  are  used  in  the  same  cases  as  the  Bareges 
water. 

CAUTERIASMUS,  Cauterization. 

CAUIE'RIUM,  Cauterium  actua'le,  Gauter, 
Cau'tery,  Inu-sto'rium,  Hiqjto'rium,  Ignis  actua'lis, 
from  /ca<w,  '  I  burn.'  (F.)  Cautere,  Feu  actuel.  A 
substance,  used  for  '  firing,'  burning  or  disorga- 
nizing the  parts  to  which  it  is  applied.  Cauteries 
were  divided  by  the  ancients  into  actual  and  po- 
tential. The  word  is  now  restricted  to  the  red- 
hot  iron :  or  to  positive  burning.  It  was,  for- 
merly, much  used  for  preventing  hemorrhage 
from  divided  arteries  ,•  and  also  with  the  same 
views  as  a  bUster.  The  te.rva.PoteH'tial  Cautery, 
Caute'rium  potentia'le,  Ignis  potentia'lis,  (¥.)  Feu 
potentiel,  was  generally  applied  to  the  caueticiim 
commune,  but  it  is  now  used  synonymously  with 
caustic  in  general.     Cautere  also  means  an  issue. 

CAtTTERiUM  AcTUALE,  Cauterium. 

CAUTERIZA'TIOiSr,  Cauterisa'tio,  Cauterias'- 
mus,  Exus'tio,  Inus'tio,  Cans' ticaAdu^'tio.  Firing. 
The  effect  of  a  cautery.  The  French,  amongst 
whom  cauterization  is  much  used,  distinguished 
five  kinds  :  1,  Cauterisation  Inherente,  which  con- 
gists  in  applying  the  actual  cautery  freely,  and 
with  a  certain  degree  of  force,  so  as  to  disorganize 
deeply.  2.  Cauterisation  transcurrente,  which 
consists  in  passing  the  edge  of  the  Cautere  eultel- 
laire,  or  the  point  of  the  Cautere  conique  lightly, 
so  as  not  to  disorganize  deeply.  3.  Cauterisation 
par  pointes,  which  consists  in  appljnng  on  the 
skin,  here  and  there,  the  hot  point  of  the  conical 
cautery,  with  sufficient  force  to  cauterize  the 
whole  thickness  of  the  skin.  4.  Cauterisation 
lente,  slow  cauterization,  by  means  of  the  moxa. 
5.  Caut-erisation  objective,  which  consists  in  hold- 
ing the  cautery  at  some  distance  from  the  part 
to  be  acted  upon  by  it. 

Cau'tebize;  Oaustico  adurere ;  (F.)  Cau- 
teriser.  To  apply  the  cautery.  To  burn  with  a 
cautery. 

CAUTERT,  Cauterium  — c.  Potential,  Causti- 
cum  commune. 

CAVA,  Vulva. 

Cava  Vena,  Vena  hepati'tes.  The  hollow  or 
deep-seated  vein.  (F.)  Veine  cave.  A  name 
given  to  the  two  great  veins  of  the  body,  which 
meet  at  the  right  auricle  of  the  heart.  The  vena 
cava  supe'i^ior,  thorac"iea  vel  descen'dens,  is 
formed  by  the  union  of  the  subclavians ;  and  re- 
ceives successively,  before  its  termination  at  the 
upper  part  of  the  right  auricle,  the  inferior  thy- 
roid, right  iiiternal  mammary,  superior  diaphrag- 
tnatic,  o.zygos,  &c.  The  vena  cava  infe'rior,  ab- 
domina'lis  vel  aseen'dens,  arises  from  the  union 
of  the  two  primary  iliacs,  opposite  the  fourth  or 
fifth  lumbar  vertebra,  receives  the  middle  sacral, 
lumbar,  right  spermatic,  hepatic,  and  inferior  dia- 


phragmatics,  and  opens  at  the  posterior  and  in- 
ferior part  of  the  right  auricle. 

CAVATIO,  Cavity. 

CAVEA,  Cavity — c.  Narium,  Nares. 

CAVER'NA,  Antrum.  '  A  cavern.'  This  term 
has  been  used  for  the  female  organs  of  generation. 
See  Cavity,  and  Vulva. 

Caverna  NARiuir,  Nares. 

CAVERNS  DENTIUM,  AlveoU  dentmm— c. 
Frontis,  Frontal  Sinuses. 

CAVERNEUX,  Cavernous. 

CAVERNOUS,  Caverno'sus,  (F.)  Caverneux. 
Filled  with  small  cavities  or  caverns,  —  as  a 
sponge. 

CAVERNors  Bodies,  Cor'pora  Cavemos' a  oi th^ 
penis,  Cor'pora  nervo'su,  C.  Ner'veo-spiongio'sa 
Penis,  (F.)  Cordis  Caverneux.  The  corpus  caver- 
nosum  is  a  kind  of  cylindrical  sac,  composed  of 
cells ;  separated,  through  its  whole  extent,  by  a 
vertical,  incomplete  septum.  Septum  pectinifo-r' - 
me,  and  forming  nearly  two-thirds  of  the  penis. 
The  corpus  cavernosum,  on  each  side,  arises  from 
the  ascending  portion  of  the  ischium,  and  termi- 
nates obtusely  behind  the  glans.  The  arteries 
of  the  corpora  cavernosa  come  from  the  internal 
pudic.  See  Helicine  Arteries.  Nerves  are  found 
on  the  surface  of  the  outer  membrane,  but  they 
do  not  appear  to  penetrate  the  substance,  and  the 
smooth  muscular  fibre  has  been  traced  into  the 
fibrous  parietes  of  the  cells,  as  in  the  case  of  all 
erectile  tissues. 

J.  Miiller's  researches  have  led  him  to  infer, 
that  both  in  man  and  the  horse,  the  nerves  of  the 
corpora  cavernosa  are  made  up  of  branches  pro- 
ceeding from  the  organic  as  well  as  the  animal 
system,  whUst  the  nerves  of  animal  life  alone 
provide  the  nerves  of  sensation  of  the  penis. 

Caversotis  Bodies,  Corp)ora  Cavernosa  of  the 
cut' oris,  are  two  hollow  crura,  forming  the  clitoris. 

Cavernous  Body  of  the  Vagi'na,  Corpus  Ca- 
verno'siun  Vagi'ncB,  Plexus  retiform'is,  is  a  sub- 
stance composed  of  blood-vessels  and  cells,  simi- 
lar to  those  of  the  penis  and  clitoris,  which  covers 
the  outer  extremity  of  the  vagina,  on  each  side. 
It  serves  to  contract  the  entrance  to  the  vagina 
during  coition. 

Cavernous  Ganglion,  see  Carotid  or  Carotic 
Nerve. 

Cavernous  Respira'tion,  (F.)  When  a  cavity 
exists  in  the  lungs,  and  one  or  more  ramifications 
of  the  bronchia  terminate  in  it,  a  loud  tubal  noise 
is  emitted,  provided  the  cavity  be  not  filled  with 
fluid,  which  is  called  cavernous  resptiration.  In 
this  condition,  the  cough  is  cavernous  likewise, 
(F.)  Toux  Cavei-neuse.  When  the  capacity  of  the 
cavern  is  very  great,  the  sound  of  the  respiration 
is  like  that  produced  by  blowing  into  a  decanter, 
with  the  mouth  at  a  little  distance  from  the  neck. 
This  kind  of  cavernous  respiration  has  been  called 
amphoric,  from  amphora,  'a  flask;'  (F.)  Resjn- 
ration  arnphorique,  Souffle  ampihorique,  S.  metal- 
lique. 

The  Veiled  Puff,  (F.)  Sotiffle  voile,  is  a  modi- 
fication of  the  cavernous  respiration,  in  which, 
according  to  Laennec,  "a  sort  of  movable  veil 
interposed  between  the  excavation  and  the  ear" 
seems  to  be  agitated  to  and  fro.  It  is  a  sign 
which  is  not  attended  to. 

Cavernous  Sinus,  Sinus  Caverno'sus,  Sinva 
polymor'phus  seu  Receptac'ulum,  S.  sphenoidalis, 
Receptac'ulum  sell-cB  equi'ncB  lat'eribus  ajyjios' itum , 
(F.)  Sinus  caverneux.  The  Cav'ernous  Si'nuset 
are  venous  cavities  of  the  dura  mater,  filled  with 
a  multitude  of  reddish,  soft  filaments,  intersect- 
ing each  other;  and,  as  it  were,  reticulated. 
They  commence  behind  the  inner  part  of  the 
sphenoid  fissure,  pass  backwards  on  the  «ides  of 
the  fossa  pituitaria,  and  terminate  by  opening 


CAVIALB 


184 


CELL 


into  a  cavity,  common  to  the  superior  and  infe- 
rior petrosal  sinuses.  They  receive  some  menin- 
geal veins,  the  ophthalmic  veins,  &c.  The  ante- 
rior extremity  of  each  cavernous  sinus  has  been 
named  the  ophthal'mic  simw. 

Cavernous  .Texture  or  Tissue,  (F.)  Tisau 
caverneux.  The  spongy  substance  which  forms 
the  greater  part  of  the  penis  and  clitoris.  It 
seems  to  consist  of  a  very  complicated  lace-work 
of  arteries  and  veins ;  and,  probably,  of  nervous 
filaments,  with  small  fibrous  plates,  which  form 
by  their  decussation  numerous  cells  communicat- 
ing with  each  other.  This  spongy  texture  pro- 
duces erection,  by  dilating  and  swelling  on  the 
influx  of  blood ;  and  probably,  also,  by  virtue  of 
some  property  inherent  in  it. 

CAVIALE,  Caviare. 

CAVIARE',  Caviar,  Caviale,  Kaviac.  A  culi- 
nary preparation,  much  used  by  certain  people, 
and  made  on  the  shores  of  the  Black  and  Caspian 
Seas,  from  the  roe  of  the  sturgeon,  mixed  with 
salt  and  other  condiments. 

CAVIC'ULA,  Cavil' la,  from  cavus,  'hollow.' 
The  ankle  or  space  between  the  malleoli.  Some 
have  given  this  name  to  the  os  cuneiforme.  See 
Astragalus. 

CAVICUL^  PEDIS  NODUS,  Tarsus. 

CAVILLA,  Astragalus,  Cavicula. 

CAVITAS  ANTROSA  AURIS,  Tympanum— 
c.  Buccinata,  Cochlea — e.  Cochleata,  Cochlea. 

Cavitas  Digitata  Ventricuh  Lateralis, 
Cornu  posterius  ventriculi  lateralis. 

Cav'itas  Ellip'tica,  AmpuVla,  Sinus  ampul- 
la'ceus.  A  dilatation  at  one  end  of  the  semicir- 
cular canals  of  the  ear. 

Cavitas  Humeri  Glenoides,  see  Glenoid  —  e. 
Narium,  Nares  —  c.  Oculi,  Orbit — c.  Oris,  Mouth 
— c.  Pulpae,  see  Tooth. 

CAVITATES  CEREBRI,  Ventricles  of  the 
brain — c.  Durae  matris.  Sinuses  of  the  dura  mater 
— c.  Innominatse,  Auricles  of  the  heart — c.  Inter- 
scapulares,  see  Interscapularis. 

GA  VITE,  Cavity — c.  JDentaire,  Dental  cavity — 
c.  des  Epiploons,  see  Peritonaeum — c.  du  Ti/mpan, 
Tympanum. 

CAVITY,  Cav'itas,  Oavum,  Ooe'lotes,  Coelon, 
Ca'vea,  Caver'na,  Cava'tio,  (F.)  CavitS.  Every 
thing  hollow,  as  the  cranium,  mouth,  nasal 
fossae,  &c. 

Cavities,  Splanchnic,  (F.)  Cavites  splanch- 
niques,  are  those  which  contain  the  viscera. 
They  are  three  in  number; — the  cranium,  chest, 
and  abdomen.  The  cavities  of  bones,  connected 
with  joints  or  otherwise,  are  described  under 
their  particular  denominations. 

CAVUM,  Cavity — c.  Abdominis,  see  Abdomen. 

Cavum  Cra'nii,  Venter  Siipre'mus.  The  cavity 
formed  by  the  proper  bones  of  the  cranium. 

Cavum  Dentis,  see  Tooth  —  c.  Narium,  Nares 
— c.  Oris,  Mouth — c.  Tympani,  Tympanum. 

CAYAN,  Phaseolus  Creticus. 

CAZABI,  Jatropha  manihot. 

CEANOTHOS,  Cirsium  arvense. 

CEANOTHUS  AMERICANUS,  Celastrus— c. 
Trinervis,  Celastrus. 

CEAR,  Heart. 

CEASMA,  Fissure.  ' 

CEBI  GALLI'NiE,  The  Hver  of  the  fowl, 
bruised. — Castelli. 

CEBIP'ARA.  A  large  Brazilian  tree,  whose 
bitter  and  astringent  bark  is  used  in  making  anti- 
rheumatic baths  and  fomentations 

CBCBS,  see  Quercus  alba. 

OECITE,  Csecitas. 

CEDAR,  RED,  Juniperus  Virginiana. 

CEDEIA,  Embalming. 

CEDMA,  Aneurism,  Varix. 


CED'MATA,  KeiftaTa.  Rheumatic  pains  of  the 
joints,  especially  of  the  hips,  groin,  or  genital 
organs.     A  form  of  gout  or  rheumatism. 

CEDRAT,  Citrus  medica. 

CEDRELE'UM,  from  Kiipoi,  'the  cedar,'  and 
tKaiov,  '  oil.'     The  oil  of  cedar. — Pliny. 

.  CE'DRIA,  Ce'drium,  Ce'drinum,  Cedri  lach' - 
ryma,  Alkitran.  The  oil  or  resin  which  flows 
from  the  cedar  of  Lebanon.  It  was  supposed  to 
possess  great  virtues.  —  Hippocrates,  Foesiup, 
Scribonius  Largus,  Dioscorides.  It  ias  been 
supposed  to  be  the  same  as  the  pyroligneous 
acid.     See  Pinus  Sylvestris. 

CE'DRINUM  VINUM,  Cedar  Wine.  A  wine 
prepared  by  steeping  half  a  pound  of  bruised 
cedar  berries  in  six  French  pints  of  sweet  wine. 
It  is  diuretic  and  subastringent. 

CEDRI'TES,  from  Ke&poq,  'the  cedar.'  A  wine 
prepared  from  the  resin  of  cedar  and  sweet  wine. 
It  was  formerly  employed  as  a  vermifuge,  <fec. 

CEDRIUM,  Cedfia. 

CEDROMELA,  see  Citras  medica. 

CEDRON,  see  Simaba  cedron. 

CEDRONELLA,  Melissa— c.  Triphylla,  Dra- 
cocephalum  canariense. 

CEDROS,  Juniperus  lycia. 

CEDROSTIS,  Bryonia  alba. 

CEDRUS  BACCIFERA,  Juniperus  sabina— 
c.  Mahogani,  Sweetenia  mahogani. 

CEINTURE,  Cingulum,  Herpes  zoster. 

OEINTURE  BLANCHE  BE  LA  CHO- 
ROIDE,  Ciliary  ligament. 

CEINTURE  BARTREUSE,  Herpes  zoster— 
c.  de  Hildane,  Cingulum  Hildani — c.  de  Vif  Ar- 
gent, Cingulum  mercuriale. 

CELANDINE,  Impatiens— c.  Common,  Cheli- 
donium  majus — c.  Lesser,  Ranunculus  flcaria — c. 
Poppy,  Stylophorum  diphyllum. 

CELAS'TRUS,  Celas'tiis,  Ceano'thm  Ameri- 
ca'nus  sen  triner'vis.  New  Jersey  Tea,  Red  Root. 
Used  by  the  American  Indians,  in  the  same  man- 
ner as  lobelia,  for  the  cure  of  syphilis.  It  is 
slightly  bitter  and  somewhat  astringent.  A 
strong  infusion  of  the  dried  leaves  and  seeds  has 
been  recommended  in  aphthae,  and  as  a  gargle  in 
scarlatina. 

Celastrus  Scandens,  CUmhing  Stafftree.  A 
climbing  American  shrub,  the  bark  of  which  is 
said  to  possess  emetic,  diaphoretic,  and  narcotic 
properties. 

GELATION,  (F.)  Concealment,  from  celare, 
'  to  conceal.'  A  word  used  by  French  medico- 
legal writers  for  cases  where  there  has  been  con- 
cealment of  pregnancy  or  delivery. 

CELE,  »o?Xj7,  'a  tumour,  protrusion,  or  rupture;' 
a  very  common  suffix,  as  in  hydrocele,  bubono- 
cele, &e.     See  Hernia. 

•  CEL'ERY,  (F.)  Cileri.  The  English  name  for 
a  variety  of  Apivm  graveolens. 

Celery,  Wild,  Bubon  galbanum, 

CELETA,  see  Hernial. 

CELIA,  Cerevisia. 

CELTAQUE,  Coeliac. 

CELIS,  (cr/Xis,  'a  spot,  a  stain.'  A  macula,  or 
spot  on  the  skin. 

CELL,  Cella.  A  small  cavity.  The  same  sig- 
nification as  cellule.  Also,  a  vesicle  composed 
of  a  membranous  cell-wall,  with,  usually,  liquid 
contents.  The  whole  organiTied  body  may  be  re- 
garded as  a  congeries  of  cells  having  different 
endowments,  each  set  being  concerned  in  special 
acts,  connected  with  absorption,  nutrition,  and 
secretion,  wherever  an  action  of  selection  or  ela- 
boration has  to  be  eS"ected.  These  cells  are  gene- 
rally termed  primary,  elementary,  or  primordial. 
AVhen  they  give  rise  to  other  cells,  they  are,  at 
times,  termed  parent  or  mother  cella  ;  the  result- 
ing cells  being  termed  daughter  cells. 


CELL-WALL 


185 


CENIPLAM 


Cell,  Apoplectic,  see  Apoplectic  cell  —  e. 
Bronehic,  Cellule,  bronchic — c.  Calcigerous,  see 
Tooth  — e.  Daughter,  see  Cell  — c.  Elementai-y, 
see  Cell. 

Cell,  Epider'mic  or  Epithe'lial.  The  cells 
or  corpuscles  that  cover  the  free  membranous  sur- 
faces of  the  body,  and  which  form  the  epidermis 
and  epithelium,  are  termed  'epidermic  or  epithe- 
lial cells.'  They  are  developed  from  germs  fur- 
nished by  the  subjacent  membrane. 

Cell,  Epithelial,  Cell,  epidermic  —  c.  Fat, 
see  Fatty  vesicles  —  c.  Germ,  Cytoblast — c.  Ger- 
minal, see  Cytoblast  —  c.  Nucleated,  see  Cyto- 
blast. 

Cell  Life.  The  life  which  is  possessed  by 
the  separate  cells  that  form  the  tissues,  and  by 
which  the  nutrition  of  the  tissues  is  presumed  to 
be  effected. 

Cell,  Mother,  see  Cell — c.  Parent,  see  Cell. 
Cell,  Pigment.  Pigment  cells  are  mingled 
with  the  epidermic  cells,  and  are  most  manifest 
in  the  coloured  races.  They  are  best  seen  on  the 
inner  surface  of  the  choroid  of  the  eye,  where 
they  form  the  pigmentiini  nigrum. 

Cell,  Primary,  see  CeU  —  c.  Primordial,  see 
Cell. 

CEJiL  WALL,  see  Cell. 
CELLA  TURCICA,  Sella  Turcica. 
CELLULA,  CeUule. 

CELLULiE,  see  Colon  —  c.  Medullares,  see 
Medullary  membrane  —  c.  Pulmonales,  Cellules 
bronchic,  see  Pulmo — c.  Bronchicse,  see  Cellule. 
CEL'LULAR,  Cellula'ris,  Cellulo'su^,  (F.)  Gel- 
lulaire.  Composed  of  cells  or  cellules,  from  cella 
or  cellula,  '  a  cell.' 

Cel'lular  Mem'brane,  Memhra'na  cellulo'sa, 
31.  Cellula'ris, — 31.  adipo'sa,  31.  piuguedino'sa,  of 
some,  Pannic'ulus  adipio'ms, — Membrane  formed 
of  cellular  tissue,  (F.)  3Iembrane  cellulaire.  Ge- 
nerally used  for  the  tissue  itself. 

Cel'lular  System.  The  whole  of  the  cellular 
tissue  of  the  human  body. 

Cellular  Tissue,  Tela  cellula'ris,  T.  cellu- 
lo'sa, T.  Hippoc'ratis  erihro'sa,  Ethmyphe,  reticu- 
la' ted,  filamentous,  laminated,  crib'riform,  porous, 
are'olar,  and  mucous  Tissue,  Retic'ular  or  cellular 
substance,  Contex'tus  cellulo'sus,  (P.)  Tissu  cellu- 
laire, reticule,  latnineux,  cribleux,  poreux,  areo- 
laire,  muqueux,  &c.,  is  the  most  common  of  all 
the  organic  tissues.  It  contains  irregular  areola 
between  the  fibres,  as  well  as  serum,  fat,  and  the 
adipous  tissue.  Of  the  fibres,  some  are  of  the 
yellow  elastic  kind  ,•  but  the  greater  part  are  of 
the  white  fibrous  tissue,  and  they  frequently  pre- 
sent the  form  of  broad  flat  bands,  in  which  no 
distinct  fibrous  arrangement  is  perceptible.  See 
Fibrous. 

The  cellular  tissue  or  texture  unites  every  part 
of  the  body,  determines  its  shape,  and  by  its 
elasticity  and  contractility,  and  by  the  fluid 
which  it  contains  in  its  cells,  facilitates  the  mo- 
tion of  parts  on  each  other. 

Cellular  tissue  has  been  divided  by  anatomists 
into  the  external,  general  or  common  cellular 
tissue  —  textus  cellula'ris  interme'dius  sen  laxiis, 
which  does  not  penetrate  the  organs, — the  cellu- 
lar texture  which  forms  the  envelopes  of  organs 
~-te.ctus  cellula'ris  strictus,  and  that  which  pene- 
trates into  the  organs,  accompanying  and  enve- 
loping all  their  parts,  —  the  textus  cellula'ris  sti- 
pa'tus,  constituting  the  basis  of  all  the  organs. 
It  has  likewise  been  termed  Textus  organ'ieua 
seu  parenchyma' lis. 

Cellular  Tissue  op  Bones,  see  Cancelli. 
CEL'LULE,   Cel'lula,  diminutive  of  cella,  'a, 
cavity.'     A  small  cavity.     (F.)  Cellule.     Cellules 
are  the  small  cavities  between  the  laminae  of  the 
cellular  tissue,  corpora  cavernosa,  <&c. 


Cellules  or  Cells,  Bronchic,  Gel'lulcB  Bron'- 
chiccB  seu  Pulmona'les,  Fori  pidmo'num,  Vesic'- 
ula  pulmonales.  The  air-cells  of  the  lungs.  See 
Pulmo. 

CELLULES  BRONCHIQUES,  Bronchial 

CELLULITIS  VENENATA,  see  Wound. 
CEL'LULOSE,  same  etymon  as  Cellules.    The 
substance  which  is  left  after  the  action  upon  any 
kind  of  vegetable  tissue  of  such  solvents  as  are 
fitted  to  dissolve  out  the  matter  deposited  in  its 
cavities  and  interstices.      It  has  been  affirmed, 
that  the  tunieated  or  ascidian  mollusca  have,  in 
their  integuments,  a  considerable  quantity  of  it. 
CELLULOSUS,  Cellular. 
CELOLOG"IA,  from  Kn\r),  'rupture,'  and  \oyQi, 
'a  discourse.'    The  doctrine  of  hernia.    A  treatise 
on  hernia. 

CELOSO'MUS,  from  k77X;7,  'a  rupture,'  and 
au>iia,  '  body.'  A  monster  in  which  the  trunk  is 
malformed,  and  eventration  or  displacement  of 
the  viscera  exists. 

CELOTES,  see  Hernial.. 

CELOTOM'IA,  Kelotom'ia,  Celot'omy,  from 
KriXt],  '  a  rupture,'  and  tcjivuv,  '  to  cut.'  An  ope- 
ration, formerly  employed  for  the  radical  cure  of 
inguinal  hernia;  which  consisted,  principally,  in 
passing  a  ligature  round  the  hernial  sac  and  sper- 
matic vessels.  It  necessarily  occasioned  atrophy 
and  loss  of  the  testicle ;  and  did  not  secure  the 
patient  against  the  return  of  the  disease.  The 
intestines  were,  of  course,  not  included  in  the 
ligature.  Also,  the  operation  for  hernia  in  gene- 
ral.— Herniot'omy. 

CELOT'OMUS,  same  etymon.  Herniot'omu^. 
A  knife  used  in  the  operation  for  hernia.  Adjec- 
tively,  it  means  relating  to  celotomy,  like  Celo- 
tom'icus. 

CELSA.  A  term,  used  by  Paracelsus  for  a 
cutaneous  disease,  dependent,  according  to  him, 
on  a  false  or  heterogeneous  spirit  or  vapour,  con- 
cealed under  the  integuments,  and  endeavouring 
to  escape.     Perhaps  the  disease  was  Urticaria. 

CELSUS,  METHOD  OF,  see  Lithotomy. 

CELTIS  OCCIDENTA'LIS,  Sugarberry, 
Eackberry.  Order,  Ulmacese  :  indigenous,  flower- 
ing in  May.  The  bark  is  said  to  be  anodyne  and 
cooling;  the  berries  are  sweet  and  astringent.  It 
has  been  used  in  dysentery. 

CEMBRO  NUTS,  see  Pinus  cembra. 

CEMENT.  A  glutinous  substance  introduced 
into  a  carious  tooth  to  prevent  the  access  of  air 
or  other  extraneous  matters.  The  following  is 
an  example:  (R-  Sandarac.  gij  ;  3/astich.  gi; 
Sucoin.  gr.  x.  JEther.  ^j  ;  Dissolve  with  the  aid 
of  heat.)  Ostermaier's  Cement  for  the  teeth  is 
prepared  of  finely  powdered  caustic  lime,  thirteen 
parts ;  anhydrous  phosphoric  acid,  twelve  parts. 
When  introduced  into  a  carious  tooth,  it  becomes 
solid  in  about  two  minutes. 

CEMENTERIUM,  Crucible. 

CEMENTUM,  see  Tooth. 

CENANGIA,  Ceneangia. 

CENCHRON,  Panicum  miliaceum. 

CENDRE,  Cineritious. 

CENBRE  BU LEVANT,  Soda. 

CENBRES  GRAVELEES,  see  Potash  — e. 
de  Sarment,  see  Potash. 

CENEANGI'A,  Genangi'a,  from  Kcvog,  'empty, 
and  ayyuov,  '  a  vessel.'  Inanition.  Empty  state 
of  vessels. — Galen. 

CENEMBATE'SIS,  from  k£vo;,  'empty,'  and 
cfxISaivoi,  '  I  enter.'  Paracentesis.  Also,  the  ait 
of  probing  a  wound  or  cavity ;  Jlelo'sis. 

CENEONES,  Flanks. 

CENIGDAM,  Ceniplam. 

CENIGOTAM,  Ceniplam. 

CENIPLAM,    Cenigdam,    Cenigotam,   Cenypo» 


CENIPOTAM 


186 


CENTRUM 


Inm.  The  name  of  an  instrument  anciently  used 
for  opening  the  head  in  epilepsy. — Paracelsus. 

CENIPOTAM,  Ceniplam. 

C  E  N  0 '  S I S,  from  kcvos,  '  empty.'  Ine'sis, 
Tnethmos.  Evacuation.  It  is  sometimes .  em- 
ployed synonymously  with  inanition,  and  op- 
posed to  repletion, — ExinanW'io. 

CENOT'ICA,  from  Ksj'uo-tf,  'evacuation.'  Dis- 
eases aflFecting  the  fluids.  Morbid  discharges  or 
excess,  deficiency  or  irregularity  of  such  as  are 
natural.  The  first  order,  class  Genetica,  of  Good; 
also,  iDrastics. 

CENTAU'REA  BEHEN,  Serrat'ula  heJien, 
Jiehen  ahiad,  Behen  album,  Been,  White  Behen. 
Old.  Gentianese.     Astringent. 

Cemtatj'rea  Benedic'ta,  Car'duus  benedic'tiis, 
Oninis  sylves'tris,  Cnicita  bencdic'ttts,  Gardiobot'- 
anvrUf  Blessed  or  Holy  TTiistle,  (P.)  Chardon 
henit.  Fam.  Cynarocephalese.  Sex.  Si/st.  Syn- 
genesia  Polygamia  frustranea.  A  strong  decoc- 
tion of  the  herb  is  emetic  :  —  a  strong  infusion, 
diaphoretic  ( ? ) ;  a  light  infusion,  tonic  and  sto- 
machic.    Dose,  gr.  xv  to  5J  of  the  powder. 

Centau'eea  Calcitra'pa,  Calcitra'pa,  Calca- 
trep'jyola,  Car'duus  solstitia'lis,  Cardims  stella'tus, 
Ja'cea  ramosis'sinia,  Cacotrib'idus,  Calcitrap'pa 
Stella' ta  seu  hipjooplicBStum,  Stella' ta  rupi'na, 
Gentau'rca  Stella' ta,  Oommon  Star-Thistle,  Star- 
Knapioeed,  (F.)  Centauree  itoilee,  Chardon  etoile, 
Chaussetra2}pe,  Pignerole.  It  is  possessed  of 
tonic  properties,  and  has  been  given  in  inter- 
mittents,  dyspepsia,  &e.     It  is  not  much  used. 

Cejitau'eea  Centau'rium,  Rhapon' ticum  vid- 
ga're,  Centauriuni  magnum,  Oentaurium  mafus. 
Greater  Cen'taury,  Centaurium  officina'le,  (F.) 
Centauree  grande.  It  is  a  bitter ;  and  was  for- 
merly used  as  a  tonic,  especially  the  root. 

Centad'bea  Cy'anus,  Cy'anua,  Blue  bottle, 
Gorn-floxcer,  (F.)  Blavelle,  Blaveole,  Blaverolle. 
The  flowers  were  once  much  used  as  a  cordial, 
tonic,  &c.     They  are  now  forgotten. 

Centaurea  Stellata,  Centaurea  ealcitrapa. 

CENTAUBEE  ETOILEE,  Centaurea  ealci- 
trapa— -c.  Grande,  Centaurea  centaurium — c.  Pe- 
tite, Chironia  centaurium. 

CENTAUREUM,  Chironia  centaurium. 

CENTAURIS,  Chironia  centaurium. 

CENTAURIUM  MAGNUM,  Centaurea  cen- 
taurium— c.  Minus  vulgare,  Chironia  centaurium 
—  0.  Officinale,  Centaurea  centaurium  —  c.  Par- 
vum,  Chironia  centaurium. 

CENTAURY,  AMERICAN,  Chironia  angu- 
laris — c.  Greater,  Centaurea  centaurium — c.  Les- 
ser, Chironia  centaurium. 

CENTESIS,  Paracentesis,  Puncture. 

CENTIGRAMME,  (F.)  from  centum,  'a  hun- 
dred,' and  Ypanixa,  'gramme,'  Gentigram'ma. 
The  hundredth  part  of  a  gramme.  A  centi- 
gramme is  equal  to  about  the  fifth  part  of  a 
French  grain,  gr.  .1543,  Troy. 

CENTILITRE,  Gentili'tra,  from  centum,  'a 
hundred,'  and  \iTpa,  'litre.'  An  ancient  Greek 
measure  for  liquids:  —  the  hundredth  part  of  a 
litre — equal  to  nearly  2.7053  fluidrachms. 

CENTIMETRE,  Centim' eter  ,•  the  hundredth 
part  of  a  metre  —  equal  to  about  four  lines. 
.3937  English  inch. 

CENTIMORBIA,  Lysimachia  nummularia. 

CENTINERVIA,  Plantago. 

CENTINODE,  Polygonum  avieulare. 

CENTINODIA,  Polygonum  avieulare. 

CENTO  VIRGINALIS,  Hymen. 

CENTRAD,  ^ee  Central  aspect. 

CENTRADIAPH'ANES,  Gatarac'ta  centra'- 
Its,  from  Kcvrpnv,  'centre,'  a,  privative,  and  iia- 
ipavris,  'transparent.'  Cataract  owing  to  obscurity 
of  the  central  portion  of  the  crystalline. 


CENTRAL,  Centra'lis,  from  centrum,  'the 
centre.'     Relating  or  appertaining  to  the  centre. 

Central  Ar'tery  op  the  Ret'ina,  Arte'ria 
Centra'lis  Ret'incB,  Central  Artery  of  Zinn. 
This  artery  is  given  off  from  the  arteria  oph- 
thalmica,  and  penetrates  the  optic  nerve  a  little 
behind  the  ball  of  the  eye;  running  in  the 
axis  of  the  nerve,  and  spreading  out  into  many 
small  branches  upon  the  inside  of  the  retina. 
When  the  nerve  is  cut  across  near  the  eye,  the 
orifice  of  the  divided  artery  is  observable.  This 
was  formerly  called  Porus  Op'ticus. 

Central  Aspect.  An  aspect  towards  the 
centre  of  an  organ.  —  Barclay.  Centrad  is  used 
by  the  same  writer  adverbially,  to  signify  '-k)- 
wards  the  central  aspect.' 

CENTRE  OF  ACTION.  The  viscus  in  which 
the  whole  or  a  great  part  of  any  function  is  exf- 
cuted,  and  to  which  several  other  organs  contri- 
bute. Thus,  the  vital  activity  seems  to  be  wholly 
centred  in  the  stomach,  during  chymification ; 
in  the  duodenum,  during  chyliflcation.  In  like 
manner,  the  uterus  becomes  a  centre  of  action 
during  gestation. 

Centre,  Epigas'tric.  The  ganglions  and  ner- 
vous plexuses,  formed  by  the  great  sympathetic 
and  pneumogastric  nerves,  in  the  epigastrium, 
around  the  coeliac  artery ;  where  the  impressions 
received  from  various  parts  of  the  body  seem  to 
be  centred. 

Centre  of  Flux'ion.  The  part  towards  which 
fluids  are  particularly  attracted.  An  irritated 
organ  is  said  to  be  a  centre  of  fluxion. 

Centres,  Nervous,  (F.)  Centres  nerveux.  The 
organs,  whence  the  nerves  originate;  as  the  brain 
and  spinal  marrow. 

Centre,  Optic,  see  Optic  centre. 

Centre,  Oval,  Centrum  Ova'le,  C.  0.  Vieusse'- 
nii,  Tegumen'tum  ventriculo' rum  cer'ebri.  When 
the  two  hemispheres  of  the  brain  are  sliced  away, 
till  on  a  level  with  the  corpus  callosum,  the  me- 
dullary part  in  each  is  of  an  oval  shape :  hence 
called  centrum  ovale  minus,  (F.)  centre  medullaire 
hemisjjheral.  The  two  centres  of  the  opposite 
sides,  together  with  the  corpus  callosum,  form 
the  centrum  ovale  of  Yieus'sens.  Vieussens  sup- 
posed all  the  medullary  fibres  to  issue  from  that 
point,  and  that  it  was  the  great  dispensatory  of 
the  animal  spirits. 

Centre,  Phrenic,  Ten'dinous  Centre  of  the 
Di' aphragm,  Centrum  Phren'icum,  C.  Ner'veum 
or  C.  Teiidino'sum  seu  tendin'eum,  (F.)  Centre 
phrenique  ou  C.  tendineux  du  Biaphragme.  The 
central  aponeurosis  or  cordiform  tendon  of  the 
diaphragm. 

Centre  of  Sympathet'ic  Irradia'tions,  (F.) 
Centre  d' irradiations  sympathiques.  Any  organ 
which  excites,  sympathetically,  the  action  of 
other  organs,  more  or  less  distant  from  it;  and 
with  which  it  seems  to  have  no  immediate  com- 
munication.— Marjolin. 

Centre,  Tendinous,  of  the  Diaphragm, 
Centre,  phrenic. 

CENTROMYRINE,  Ruscus. 

CENTRUM,  see  Vertebra;  —  c.  Commune,  So- 
lar plexus — c.  Nerveum,  Centre,  phrenic — c.  Op- 
ticum.  Optic  centre  —  c.  Ovale,  Centre,  oval  —  c. 
Ovale  minus,  see  Centre,  oval — c.  Ovale  of  Vieus- 
sens, Centre,  oval  —  c.  Semicirculare  geminum, 
Taenia  semicircularis  —  c.  Tendinosum,  Centre, 
phrenic. 

Centrum  Vita'le,  Nodus  seu  Pons  vita'lis, 
(F.)  Noeud  vital.  A  term  applied,  at  times,  to 
the  medulla  oblongata;  at  others,  to  the  medulla 
oblongata,  and  the  medulla  spinalis  as  far  as  the 
second  cervical  nerve  of  the  spinal  marrow,  ia 
any  part  of  which  a  wound  would  seem  to  be  in- 


GENTRY 


isr 


CEPHALO-PHARYNGiEUS 


Btantly  fatal.     It  is  the  nervous  centre  of  respi- 
ration and  deglutition. 

GENTRY,  Chironia  angulavis. 

GENTUM  CAPITA,  Eryngium  campestre. 

CENTUMNODIA,  Polygonum  aviculare. 

CEPA  ASCALONICA,  Bulbus  esculentus, 
Echalotte  —  c.  Viotorialis,  Allium  victoriale  —  c. 
Vulgaris,  Allium  cepa. 

CBPiEA,  Veronica  beccabunga. 

GEPHAELIS  IPECACUANHA,  Ipecacuanha. 

GEPHAL^'A,  Headach,  (F.)  CephaUe,  from 
Kc<pa\r!,  'head.'  Some  use  the  term  synonymously 
with  cephalalgia;  others,  for  a  periodical  head- 
ach ;  others,  again,  for  a  more  violent  headach 
than  cephalalgia  implies;  and  others  for  a  chronic 
headach.     The  last  was  its  ancient  signification. 

Cephalce'a  spasniod'ica,  CephalaV g ia  spasmod'- 
ica,  G.  Nauseo'sa,  Sick-headach,  is  characterized 
by  partial,  spasmodic  pain;  often  shifting  from 
one  part  of  the  head  to  another:  chiefly  com- 
mencing in  the  morning,  with  sickness  and  faint- 
ness.  It  is  extremely  apt  to  recur,  notwithstand- 
ing every  care. 

CephaLjEA  Arthritica,  Gephalagra  —  c.  He- 
micrania,  Hemicrania — c.  Nauseosa,  G.  Spas- 
modica — -c.  Pulsatilis,  Crotaphe. 

CEPHAL^MATO'MA,  from  Kt<pa\rj,  'head,' 
and  'ai^a,  'blood;'  Ccphalmmafo'ma  neonato'riim, 
Ecchymo'nia  cap'itis,  E.  capitis  recens  nato'rum, 
Thromhus  neonato'rum,  Absces'sus  cap'itis  san- 
guin'eus  neonatorum,  Tumor  cap'itis  sanguin'eus 
nconato'rnm,  Ce2}7ialophi/'ma,  CraniohcBmaton' cus. 
A  sanguineous  tumour,  sometimes  developed  be- 
tween the  pericranium  and  the  bones  of  the  head 
of  new-born  children.  Similar  tumours  are  met 
with  occasionally  above  other  bones,  and  at  all 
periods  of  existence. 

GEPHALiEMATOMA  NEONATORUM,  Gcphalsema- 
toma. 

CEPHAL^'MIA,  HijpercB'mia  cer'ebri,  H. 
Cap'itis,  Encepihalohm' mio:,  (F.)  Hyperemie  ou 
Congestion  du  cerveaii,  Eneephalohemie,  II.  cere- 
brate. Congestion  cerebrate.  Accumulation  of 
blood  in  the  vessels  of  the  brain. 

GEPHALAGO'GUS,  Cephalodvc'tor,  Capiti- 
duc'tor,  from  K£(pa'\ri,  'head,'  and  ayuyos,  'a 
leader,  a  driver.'  An  instrument  used  for  draw- 
ing down  the  foetal  head. 

GEPH'ALAGRA,  from  Kc<pa\r,,  'the  head,'  and 
aypi^!  'seizure.'  Cephalm'a  arthrit'ica,  3Ienin- 
gi'tis  arthrit'ica.     Gout  in  the  head. 

GEPHALAGRA'PIIIA,  from  KcfaXv,  'the 
head,'  and  ypaifirj,  'a  description,'  An  anatomical 
description  of  the  head. 

GEPHALAL'GIA,  Cephalopo'nia,  Cephalo- 
dyn'ia,  Encephalodyn'ia,  Homonopa'gia,  from 
K£(pa\7],  'the  head,'  and  aXyo;,  'pain;'  Enceplia- 
lal'gia,  Dolor  Cap'itis,  D.  oephal'ieus,  Soda,  Pain 
in  the  head ;  Headach,  (F.)  Ce'phalalgie,  Mai  d 
tSte.  Every  kind  of  headach,  whether  symp- 
tomatic or  idiopathic,  is  a  cephalalgia.  It  is 
ordinarily  symptomatic,  and  has  to  be  treated 
accordingly. 

Cephalalgia  Gontagiosa,  Influenza  —  c.  In- 
flammatoria,  Phrenitis. 

Cephalalgia  Period'ica,  Febris  intermit' tens 
cephal'ica  larva'ta,  Intermittent  headach.  Head- 
ach which  returns  periodically;  properly,  per- 
haps, a  form  of  neuralgia. 

Cephalalgia  Pulsatilis,  Crotaphe — c.  Spas- 
modica,  see  Cephalfea. 

GEPHALALOG"IA,  from  Kt^aX?;,  'the  head,' 
and  'Xoyo;,  '  a  discourse.'  An  anatomical  disser- 
tation on  the  head. 

CEPHALANTHE  B'AMERIQUE,  Cepha- 
lanthus  occidentalis. 

GEPHALAN'THUS  OCCIDENTA'LIS,  But- 
tonwood  shrub,   Buttonhush,  White  Ball,   Little 


Snowball,  Swampicood,  Pond  Dogwood,  Globe- 
flower,  (F.)  Cephalanthe  d'Amerique,  Bois  de 
Marais.  An  ornamental  shrub,  Nat.  Ord.  Ku- 
biacese;  Sex.  Syst.  Tetrandria  Monogynia,  which 
grows  all  over  the  United  States,  near  streams 
and  ponds,  and  flowers  in  July  and  August. 
The  bark  of  the  root  has  been  used  as  an  anti- 
periodic  tonic. 

CEPHALARTICA,  Cephalic  remedies. 
CEPHALATOM'IA,    Ccphalotom'ia,    from 
K£0aX)j,  'the  head,'  and  tejxvciv,  'to  cut.'     Ana- 
tomy, or  dissection,  or  opening  of  the  head. 
CEPHALE,  Head. 

CEPHALIC,  Ccphal'icus,  Capita'lis,  f-om. 
Kt(j>a\T],  'the  head.'  (F.)  Cephalique.  Relating 
to  the  head. 

Cephal'ic  Rem'edies,  Ccjihal'ioa  vel  Capita'- 
lia  remed'ia,  are  remedies  capable  of  relieving 
affections  of  the  head,  especially  headach :  — 
Cephalar'iica. 

Cephal'ic  Vein,  Vena  Cephal'ica,  Vena  Cap'- 
itis, (F.)  Veine  cephaliqne,  Veine  radiale  ctitanee 
of  Chaussier.  The  great  superficial  vein  at  the 
outer  part  of  the  arm  and  fore-arm.  It  begins 
on  the  back  of  the  hand,  by  a  number  of  radicles, 
which  unite  into  a  single  trunk,  called  the  Ceph- 
alic of  the  Thumb,  Cephal'ica  Pol'licis,  {¥.)Veiiie 
cephaliqne  du  pouee.  It  ascends  along  the  ante- 
rior and  outer  part  of  the  fore-arm,  where  it  forms 
the  superficial  radial.  At  the  fold  of  the  elbow 
it  receives  the  median  cej)halic,  ascends  along  the 
outer  edge  of  the  biceps,  and  opens  into  the  axil- 
lary vein.  The  name  Cephalic  was  given  to  it  by 
the  ancients,  because  they  thought  it  had  some 
connexion  with  the  head,  and  that  blood-letting 
ought  to  be  performed  on  it,  in  head  affections. 

Chaussier  calls  the  internal  jugular,  Veine  c4- 
phalique,  and  the  primary  or  common  carotid, 
Ai-tere  cephaliqne. 

CEPHALIDIUM,  see  Caput. 
GEPH  ALI'NE.  The  base  or  root  of  the  tongue. 
— Gorrseus. 

CEPHALIS,  see  Caput. 
CEPHALITIS,  Phrenitis. 
CEPHALIUM,  see  Caput. 
CBPHALODUCTOR,  Cephalagogus. 
GEPHALODYM'IA,   Encephalodym'ia ;  from 
Ke^a'Xv,  '  head,'  and  Sv<o,  '  I  enter  into.'     A  class 
of  double  monstrosities,  in  which  the  heads  aro 
united.     It  is  divided  into  two  genera,  Fronto- 
dym.'ia  and  Bregmatodym'ia  ;  in  the  former  the 
union  being  between  the  ossa  frontis ;  in  the  lat- 
ter between  the  bregmata. — Cruveilhier. 
GEPHALODYNIA,  Cephalalgia. 
CEPHALCEDEMA,  Hydrocephalus. 
CEPHALOID,  Encephaloid. 
GEPHALOMA,  Encephaloid. 
GEPHALO-MENINGITIS,     Meningo-eepha- 
litis. 

CEPHALOM'ETER,  from  Kt(paXr,,  'the  head,' 
and  jxtrpov,  'measure.'  An  instrument  for  mea- 
suring the  different  dimensions  of  the  foetal  head, 
during  the  process  of  accouchement.  A  kind  of 
forceps. 

CEPHALON'OSUS,  from  Kt<pa\v,  'the  head,' 
and  voaoi,  '  disease.'  This  term  has  been  applied 
to  the  Febris  Hungar'ica,  in  which  the  head  was 
much  affected.  See  Fever,  Hungaric.  Others 
have  so  called  any  cerebral  disease  or  fever. 
GEPHALOPAGES,  Symphyocephalus. 
CEPH'ALO-PHARYNG^'US,  from  (ct^aX;?, 
'the  head,'  and  (papvy^,  'the  pharynx  :'  belonging 
to  the  head  and  pharynx.  Winslow  has  given 
this  name  to  the  portion  of  the  constrictor  pha- 
ryngis  superior,  which  is  attached,  above,  to  the 
inferior  surface  of  the  basilary  process  of  the  ce 
oceipitis.     The  Ceph' ilo-pharynge' al  Ajponeuro'- 


CEPHALOPHYMA 


188 


CEEATITIS 


»M  is  a  thin,  fibrous  membrane,  which  is  attached 
to  the  basilary  process,  and  gives  insertion  to  the 
fibres  of  the  constrictor  superior  pharyngia. 

CEPHALOPHYMA,  Cephala;matoma. 

CEPHALOPONIA,  Cephalalgia. 

CEPHALO-RACHIDIAN,  Cephalo-spinal. 

CEPHALOSOMATODYM'IA,  JEncephaloso- 
matodym'ia;  from  KtfaXri,  'head,'  ctajia,  'body,' 
and  6vbi,  '  I  enter  into.'  A  double  monstrosity, 
in  ■which  the  union  is  between  the  heads  and  the 
trunks.  Of  this  there  are  varieties  : — for  exam- 
ple, Infra-maxiUostermodym'ia,  where  the  union 
is  with  the  inferior  maxillary  bones  and  sterna; 
and  Prosoposternody m' ia,  between  the  faces  and 
sterna. — Cruveilhier. 

CEPHALO-SPINAL,  Cephalo-spina'lis,  Ceph'- 
alo-rachid'ian,Cei-'ehro-spinal,  Craniospinal.  A 
hybrid  term,  from  KetpaXrj,  'head,'  and  spina, 
'  spine.'     Belonging  to  the  head  and  spine. 

Ceph'alo-spinal  Fluid,  Cephalo-raehid'ian 
fluid,  Cerebrospinal  fluid,  Flu'idum  cer'ehro- 
ephia'le,  Subarachnoidean  fluid,  is  an  exhaled 
fluid,  which  is  found  beneath  the  arachnoid, 
wherever  pia  mater  exists  in  connexion  with  the 
brain  and  spinal  cord.  It  seems  to  have  a  pro- 
tecting office,  and  to  keep  up  a  certain  degree  of 
pressure  on  the  organ, — at  least  in  the  spinal 

CEPHALOTHORACOSTERU'MENUS,  from 
KtipaXrj,  'head,'  Ooipa^,  'the  chest,'  and  aTtpciv,  'to 
rob.'     A  monster  without  head  or  chest. 

CE^PHALOTOMIA,  Eceephalosis. 

CEPHALOTRIBE,  (F.)  An  instrument  in- 
vented by  Baudelocque,  the  nephew,  for  crushing 
the  head  of  the  foetus  in  utero  j  from  KE<f)a\n>  '  the 
head,'  and  rpiliw,  'I  bruise.'  It  consists  of  a 
strong  forceps,  the  blades  of  which  are  solid  :  16 
lines  broad,  and  3  thick.  The  handles  are  per- 
forated at  their  extremity  to  receive  a  screw  with 
three  threads,  the  direction  of  which  is  very  ob- 
lique, so  as  to  allow  great  rapidity  of  rotation, 
and  the  screw  is  moved  by  a  winch  6  inches  long, 
to  increase  the  force  of  the  pressure.  The  bones 
cf  the  head  are  easily  crushed  by  it. 

CEPHALOTRIP'SY,  Cephalotrip'sis ;  same 
etymon  as  CephaJotribe.  The  operation  of  crush- 
ing the  head  of  the  foetus  in  utero. 

CEPHALOTRYPESIS,  Trepanning. 

CEPHALOXIA,  TorticolUs. 

CEPULLA,  Allium  cepa. 

CER,  Heart. 

CERA  FLAVA  et  CERA  ALBA,  Ceros,  Yel- 
low  and  White  Wax,  (F.)  Cire  Jaune  et  Blanche. 
An  animal  substance  prepared  by  the  bee,  and 
by  some  plants,  as  the  Cerox'ylon  and  Myri'ca 
cerif'era.  Its  colour  is  yellow,  and  smell  like 
that  of  honey,  but  both  are  lost  by  bleaching. 
It  is  demulcent  and  emollient ;  is  sometimes  given 
in  the  form  of  emulsion,  in  diarrhoea  and  dysen- 
tery, but  is  chiefly  used  in  cerates  and  ointments. 

CER.^'^,  from  Ktpag,  'a  horn,'  Kcpaiai.  The 
Cornua  of  the_uterus. — Rufus  of  Ephesus. 

CERAMICE,  Cerami'tia,  from  Ktpaixog,  'pot- 
ter's earth.'  A  sort  of  earth  used  as  a  cataplasm 
in  peripneumony. — Hippocrates. 

CERAMIUM,  Amphora  —  c.  Helminthochor- 
tus,  Corallina  Corsicana. 

CERAMNIUM,  Amphora. 

CERAMURIA,  see  Urine. 

CERANTHEMUS,  Propolis. 

CER  AS,  K£pas,  'genitive,'  xeparo;,  'horn,'  Cor- 
nu ;  also,  the  Cornea.  Hence,  Ceratectomia, 
Cerafocele,  &e. 

CERASION,  see  Prunus  cerasus. 

CERAS'MA,  from  Kcpavwitt,  '  to  mix :'  some- 
thing mixed.  A  mixture  of  hot  and  cold  water. 
Metaceras'ma. — Gorra3us. 

CERASUM,  see  Prunus  cerasus. 


CERASUS  ACIDA,  Prunus  cerasus  — c.  Avi- 
um, Prunus  avinum,  P.  nigra — c.  Dulcis,  Prunus 
nigra — c.  Hortensis,  Prunus  cerasus  —  c.  Lauro- 
cerasus,  Prunus  laurocerasus  —  c.  Padus,  Prunus 
padus  —  c.  Racemosus  sylvestris,  Prunus  padus 
— c.  Rubra,  Prunus  cerasus — c.  Serotina.,  Prunus 
Virginiana — c.  Virginiana,  Prunus  Virginiana — 
c.  Vulgaris,  Pi-unus  cerasus. 

CER  AT  BLANC  ou  DE  G  ALIEN,  Ceratum 
Galeni — c.  de  Blanc  de  Baleine,  Ceratum  cetacei 
—  c.  de  Goulard,  Ceratum  plumbi — c.  ^jour  les 
Levres,  Cerate  for  the  lips  —  c.  de  Plomb  compioae, 
Ceratum  plumbi  compositum  —  c.  de  Savon,  Ce- 
ratum Saponis — c.  de  Suracetate  de  plomb,  Cera- 
tum plumbi  superacetatis. 

CE'RATE,  Cera'tum,  from  Kvpai,  Lat.  cera, 
'wax,'  Cerelce'um,  Cero'ma,  Cero'nium,  Cero'tum, 
Ceratomalag'ma,  (F.)  Cerat.  A  composition  of 
wax,  oil,  or  lard,  without  other  ingredients. 

Cerate,  Simple  Cerate,  Cera'tum,  Cera'tum 
simplex.  (F.)  Cerat  Simple.  (  White  icax,  §iv, 
Lard,  o'^iy-)  I*  i^  applied  as  an  emollient  to 
excoriations,  &c. 

Cerate,  Belleville's,  see  Unguentum  Hy- 
drargyri  nitrico-oxydi. 

Cerate  of  Cal'amine,  Cera'tum  Calami'nm, 
C.  Calamin.  praspar.,  C.  Carbona'tis  zinci  iin- 
pu'ri,  C.  Zinci  Carbona'tis,  Cera'tum  lap'idis  Ca- 
lamina'ris,  Cera'tum  epidot'icum.  Cerate  of  Car- 
bonate of  Zinc,  Turner's  Cerate,  Healing  Salve, 
(F.)  Cerat  de  Pierre  Calaminaire,  C.  de  Calamine, 
Calamin.,  Cerce  flava,  aa  §iij,  adi2ns,  Ibj.  Melt 
the  wax  and  lard  together,  and,  on  cooling,  add 
the  carbonate  of  zinc  and  stir  till  cool. — Ph.  U.  S.) 
Cerate  of  Canthar'ides,  Cera'tum  Canthar'- 
idis,  Blister  Ointment,  Ointment  of  Spanish  Flies, 
Unguen'tum  ad  vesicato'ria,  Unguen'tum  PuVveria 
Mel'oea  vesicato'rii,  TJng.  epispas' ticum  for'tius, 
Cera'tum  LyttcB,  (F.)  Cerat  de  Cantharidee. 
{Spermaceti  cerate  ^^j)  Cantharidea  in  powder, 
3J.  The  cerate  being  softened  by  heat,  stir  in 
the  flies.)  This  cerate  of  the  European  Pharma- 
copoeias is  used  to  keep  blisters,  issues,  &c.,  open. 
See  Unguentum  Lyttte.  For  the  Cerate  of  Spa- 
nish flies  of  the  U.  S.  Pharmacopoeia,  see  Em- 
plastrum  Lyttte. 

Cerate,  Goulard's,  Ceratum  Plumbi  compo- 
situm. 

Cerate,  Kirkland's  Neutral.  (Diachyl. 
^viij,  olive  oil  ^iv,  prepared  chalk  giv:  when 
nearly  cool,  add  Acet.  dest.  ^iy,  plumb,  svperacet. 
Jiij-)     A  cooling  emollient. 

Cerate  or  Poma'tum  for  the  Lips,  Cera'tum 
labia'le  rubrum,  Pomma'tum  ad  labia  demulcen'- 
da. — Ph.  P.  (F.)  Cerat  ou  Pommade  piour  lea 
levres,  (  Wax  9  parts ;  oil  16  parts ;  —  coloured 
with  alkanet.) 

Cerate,  Lead,  Compound,  Ceratum  plumbi 
compositum. 

Cerate,  Marshall's.  {Palm  oil  ^vi.  calomel 
5j,  sugar  of  lead  ^ss,  ointment  of  nitrate  of  mer- 

Cerate,  Resin,  Compound,  Ceratum  Resinae 
compositum  —  c.  Savine,  Ceratum  sabinas  —  c. 
Soap,  Ceratum  saponis  —  c.  Spermaceti,  Ceratum 
cetacei  —  c.  of  Superacetate  or  sugar  of  lead,  Ce- 
ratum plumbi  superacetatis  —  c.  Turner's,  Cerate 
of  calamine  —  c.  of  Carbonate  of  zinc.  Cerate  of 
calamine. 

CERATECTOM'IA,  from  Kcpag,  'the  cornea,' 
and  £KToixos,  'cut  out.'  An  incision  through  the 
cornea.     See  Ceratotomia. 

CERATIA,  Ceratonium  siliqua. 

CERATI'ASIS,  from  Kcpas,  'horn.'  A  morbid 
condition  characterized  by  corneous  growths. 

CERATION,  Siliqua. 

CERATI'TIS,  Kerati'tia,  from  Kipag,  '  the  cor- 
nea,' and  itis,  '  inflammation.'     Inflammation  of 


CERATIUM 


189 


CERATUM 


the  cornea,  Cerati'tis,  CeratodeVtia,  Cei-atomemn- 
gi'tis,  Cornei'tis,  In-flamma'tio  cor'nece. 

CERATIUM,  Ceratonium  siliqua. 

CER'ATO,  in  composition,  in  the  names  of 
muscles,  is  used  for  the  cornua  of  the  os  hyoides ; 
— as  Cerato-glossus. 

CERATOCE'LE,  Aquula,  Uva'tio,  Prominen'- 
tia  Oor'nccB,  Hernia  Cor'necB,  Ceratodeoce'le,  from 
KEpaj,  'horn,'  and  kijXv,  'tumour.'  A  protrusion 
of  the  transpai-eut  cornea,  or  rather  of  the  mem- 
brane of  the  aqueous  humour  through  an  opening 
in  the  cornea. 

CERATODEITIS,  Ceratitis. 

CERATODEOCELE,  Ceratocele. 

CERATODEONYXIS,  Ceratonyxis. 

CERATODES  MEMBRANA,  Cornea. 

CERATOGLOS'SUS,  Keratoglos'sus,  from  ks- 
paf,  '  horn,'  and  yXiacaa,  '  the  tongue.'  A  muscle, 
extending  from  the  great  cornu  of  the  os  hyoides 
to  the  base  of  the  tongue.  It  is  a  part  of  the 
nyoglossus. 
■  CERATOIDES,  Cornea. 

CERATOLEUCOMA,  Leucoma. 

CERATO'MA,  Cerato'sis,  from  Ktpas,  'horn.' 
A  horny  growth,  or  horny  formation. 

CERATO-MALAGMA,  Cerate. 

CERATO-MENINGITIS,  Ceratitis. 

CERATO-MENINX,  Cornea. 

CERATO'NIA  SIL'IQUA.  The  Caroh  Tree, 
Gera'tium,  Gera'tia,  Sil'iqua  dulcis,  Garo'ba  Al- 
nabati,  Sioeetpod,  (F.)  Garoubier  [Fruit,  Ga- 
rouge.)  This — the  fruit  of  the  Geratonia  siliqua 
—  is  mucilaginous,  and  employed  in  decoction, 
where  mucilages  are  indicated. 

CERATONYX'IS,  Keratonyx'is,  Geratodeo- 
nyx'is,  from  Kcpaf,  '  the  cornea,'  and  vvcufa,  '  I 
puncture.'  An  operation  by  which  the  crystal- 
line is  depressed  by  means  of  a  needle  introduced 
into  the  eye  through  the  cornea.  Some  divide 
the  crystalline  into  fragments  with  the  needle, 
and  leave  them  to  the  action  of  the  absorbents. 
The  operation  is  as  old  as  the  17th  century. 

CER'ATO-PHARYNGE'US,Z'er'ato-PAarjrn- 
ge'us,  from  Kipa;,  '  horn,'  and  (papvy^,  '  the  pha- 
rynx.' The  great  and  small  Ger' ato-pharynge' i 
are  small  fleshy  bundles,  forming  part  of  the 
Hyopharynqeus  of  Winslow. 

CERATOPLAS'TICE,  from  Ktpag,  'the  cor- 
nea,' and  -rXaariKog,  'forming,  formative.'  The 
operation  for  the  formation  of  an  artificial  cornea. 
It  has  not  been  practised  on  man. 

CERATORRHEX'IS,  Ruptu'ra  cor'nece,  from 
repay,  '  the  comea,'  and  p>?|ij,  'rupture.'  Rupture 
of  the  cornea. 

CERATOSIS,  Ceratoma. 

CER'ATO-STAPHYLI'NUS,  Ker'afo-staphj- 
li'nus,  from  icE^ag,  'horn,'  and  (xracpvXi],  'the  uvu- 
la.' Some  fleshy  fibres  of  the  Thyro-Staphylinus 
of  Winslow. 

CERATOTOM'IA,  Geratectom'ia,  from  Kcpag, 
'cornea,'  and  rt.jivuv,  'to  cut.'  Section  of  the 
transparent  cornea.  This  incision  is  used  in  the 
operation  for  cataract,  to  give  exit  to  pus  effused 
in  the  eye,  in  case  of  hypopyon,  <fcc. 

CERATOT'OMUS,  Keratot' omits,  Kerat'omus, 
from  Kcpaf,  '  cornea,'  and  reixvuv,  '  to  cut.'  A 
name  given  by  Wenzel  to  his  linife  for  dividing 
the  transparent  cornea,  in  the  operation  for  cata- 
ract. Many  modifications  of  the  instrument  have 
been  made  since  Wenzel's  time.  See  Knife, 
cataract. 

CERATUM,  Cerate — c.  Album,  Ceratum  ceta- 
cei,  Ceratum  Galeni — c.  de  Althaea,  Unguentum 
de  Althaea — c.  Calaminse,  Cerate  of  Calamine — 
c.  Cantharidis,  Cerate  of  Cantharides,  Emplas- 
trum  Lyttee  —  c.  de  Cerussa,  Unguentum  plumbi 
subcarbonatis. 

Cera'tum  Ceta'cei,  Gera'tum  spermaceti,  Ge- 


ra'tum  album,  C.  Ceti,  ZTnguen'iiim  adipoce'rcB 
ceto'rum,  Linimen'tumalbxun,Emplas'trum  Sperm'- 
atis  Geti,  Spermaceti  Gerate,  (F.)  Cerat  de  blano 
de  baleine.  {Spermaceti  gj,  white  tcax  ^iij,  olive 
oil  f5vi.  Ph.  U.  S.)  A  good  emollient  to  ul- 
cers, Ac. 

Ceratum  Ceti,  Ceratum  cetacei — c.  Cicuta, 
Ceratum  conii  —  e.  Citrinum,  Ceratum  resinae. 

Ceba'tdm  Coni'i,  Gera'tum  Gicu'ta.  ( Ung. 
conii  flbj,  cetacei  §ij,  cera  alba  ^iiJO  ^  formula 
in  Bartholomew's  Hospital :  occasionally  applied 
to  cancerous,  scrofulous  sores,  <fec. 

Cekatum  Epuloticum,  Cerate  of  calamine. 

Ceea'tum  Gale'ni,  Gera'tum  album,  G.  refrig"- 
erans  Gale'ni,  Unguen'tum  cera'tum,  U.  amygda- 
li'num,  U.  simplex,  Emplas'trum  ad  fontic' idos, 
O'leo-cera'tum  aqucL  subac'tum.  Gold  Gream,  (F.) 
Gerat  blano  on  de  Galien.  ( imte  icax  4  parts; 
oil  of  sweet  almonds  16  parts;  add,  when  melted, 
water  or  rose-water  12  parts.  Ph.  P.)  A  mild 
application  to  chaps,  &c. 

Ceratum  Labiale  Rubrum,  Cerate  for  the 
lips  —  c.  Lapidis  calaminaris.  Cerate  of  calamine 
—  c.  Lithargyri  acetati  compositum,  Ceratum 
plumbi  compositum  —  c.  LyttEe,  Cerate  of  can- 
tharides— e.  Mercuriale,  Unguentum  hydrargyri 
— c.  Picatum,  Pisselaeum. 

Ceratum  Plumbi  Compos'itum,  Gera'tum.  Li- 
thar'gyri  Aeeta'ti  Gompos'itum,  Gotdard's  Oint- 
ment, Gera'tum  subaceta'ti  plumbi  medica'tum,  G. 
Plumbi  Subaceta'tis  (Ph. U.S.),  Gera'tum  Satur'- 
ni,  Gompound  Lead  Gerate,  Goulard's  Gerate,  (F.) 
Gerat  de  Goulard,  G.  de  Plomb  compose.  (Liq. 
plumb,  subacet.  §iiss;  cerm  flava,  ^iv;  ol.  oliv. 
^ix;  camp)horcB,  gss.  Ph.  U.  S.)  Its  virtues  are 
the  same  as  the  next. 

Ceratum  Plumbi  Superaceta'tis,  Unguen'- 
tum Oerus'sce  Aceta'tcB,  Gerate  of  Supieraeetate  or 
Sugar  of  Lead,  Gera'tum  Plumbi  Aceta'tis,  Un- 
guentum Acetatis  Plumbi,  (F.)  Gerat  de  suracState 
de  Plomb.  (Acetate  of  lead,  ^ij;  white  wax,  ^ij; 
olive  oil,  ibss.)     Cooling  and  astringent. 

Ceratum  Refeigerans  Galeni,  Cei-atum  Ga- 
leni. 

Ceratum  Resi'n^,  G.  Resi'naflavm,  G.  cit'ri- 
nura,  Unguen'tum  basil' icon  flavum,  Ung.  Resi'nm 
flavcB,  Ung.  Resino'sum,  Resin  Gerate  or  Oint- 
ment, Yellow  Basil'icon,  Basil'icon  Ointment. 
(Resin,  flav.  ^v;  GercB  flav.  §ij;  Adipis,  ^viij; 
Ph.  U.  S.)  A  stimulating  application  to  old  rd- 
cers,  &c.     Digestive. 

Dr.  Smellome's  Ointment  for  the  Eyes  consists 
of  finely  powdered  verdigris,  5^ss,  rubbed  with 
oil,  and  then  mixed  with  an  ounce  of  ceratum 
resintB. 

Ceratum  Resi'nje  Compos'itum,  Gompound 
Resin  Gerate,  (Resin.,  Sevi,  Gerce  flava,  aa  ft)j; 
Terebinth.  Ibss  ;  01.  Lini,  Oss.  Melt  together, 
strain  through  linen,  and  stir  till  cool.  Ph.  U.  S.) 

Ceratum  Sabi'NjE,  Unguentum  Sabince,  Savine 
Gerate,  (F.)  Gerat  de  Sabine.  (Savine,  in  pow- 
der, ^ij;  Resin  Gerate,  Ibj.  Ph.  U.  8.)  Irrita- 
tive, '  drawing.'  Used  in  the  same  cases  as  the 
cerate  of  cantharides. 

Ceratum  Sapo'nis,  Soap  Gerate,  (F.)  Gerat  de 
Savon.  (Liq.  Plumb,  subacetat.,  Oij  ;  Sapon.  gvj  ; 
GercB  alixB,  ^x;  01.  olivce,  Oj.  Boil  the  solution 
of  subacetate  of  lead  with  the  soap  over  a  slow 
fire,  to  the  consistence  of  honey,  then  transfer  to- 
a  water-bath,  and  evaporate  untQ  all  the  moisture 
is  dissipated;  lastly,  add  the  wax,  previously 
melted  with  the  oil,  and  mix. — Ph.  U.  S.)  It  is 
applied  in  cases  of  sprains  or  fractures. 

Ceratum  Saturni,  Ceratum  Plumbi  composi- 
tum— c.  Simplex,  Cerate  simple — e.  Spermaceti, 
Ceratum  cetacei  —  e.  Subacetati  plumbi  medica. 
turn,  Ceratum  plumbi  compositum — c.  Tetraphat- 
maeum,  Pisselseum. 


CERAUNION 


190 


CEREBEUM 


Ceratum  Zinci  Caebonatis,  Cerate  of  Car- 
bonate of  Zinc.  [Zinci  carbonat.  prcBparat.  ^iy, 
Ung.  simpl.  ^[x.  Ph.  U.  S.)  Used  in  the  same 
eases  as  the  Ceratum  Calamince. 

CEPuAU'JSTION,  from  Kzpavvo^,  'thunder/  'a 
Ihunde'-bolt.'  Lajiis  fuhnin'eus.  A  kind  of  stone, 
which  was  believed  to  be  formed  during  thunder  j 
and  to  be  possessed  of  the  power  of  inducing 
sleep,  and  numerous  other  prophylactic  virtues. 
It  was  rubbed  on  the  knee,  breast,  &c.,  in  swell- 
ings of  those  parts. 

CERBERUS  TRICEPS,  Pulvis  cornaehini. 
CERCA'RIA.     A  genus  of  agastric,  infusory 
animalcules,  one  of  the  most  curious  of  which 
inhabits  the  tartar  of  the  teeth.     The  spermatozoa 
are  presumed  by  some  to  belong  to  this  genus. 
CERCHNASMUS,  Cerchnus. 
CERCHNOMA,  Cerchnus. 

CERCHNUS,  Cerchnas'mus,  Cerchnum,  Cerch- 
no'ma,  from  kz^x^^'^>  '  ^  render  hoarse.'  A  rough 
voice  produced  by  hoarseness.     See  Rattle. 

CER'CIS,  KtpKis.  A  sort  of  pestle  for  reducing 
substances  to  powder.  Also,  the  radius  or  small 
bone  of  the  arm.     See  Pilum,  and  Radius. 

CERCLE,  Circulus — c.  de  la  Choroide,  CUiary 
ligament — c.  Ciliare,  Ciliary  ligament. 

CERCO'SIS,  from  Kcxpos,  'a  tail.'  Men'tida 
mulie'hris,  the  Clit'oris.  Some  authors  have  em- 
ployed the  word  synonymously  with  nymphoma- 
nia and  elongation  of  the  clitoris ;  and  with PoZy- 
pu8  Uteri,  the  Sareo'ma  Cerco'sis  of  Sauvages. 

Cercosis  Clitoridis,  Clitorism  —  c.  Externa, 
Ciitorism. 
CEREA,  Cerumen. 

CEREA'LIA,  from  Ceres,  'goddess  of  corn.' 
(F.)  Gereales  (Plantes.)  The  cerealia  are  gra- 
mineous plants,  the  seed  of  which  serve  for  the 
nourishment  of  man  : — as  wheat,  barley,  rye,  &o. 
At  times,  the  same  term  is  applied  to  some  of  the 
leguminous  plants. 

CEREBARIA,  Carebaria. 
CEREBEL'LA  URI'NA.     Urine  of  a  whitish 
appearance,  of  the  colour  of  the  brain  or  cerebel- 
lum, from  which    Paracelsus   thought  he  could 
distinguish  diseases  of  that  organ. 

CEREBELLI'TIS,  badly  formed  from  cere- 
helium,  and  itis,  denoting  inflammation.  Paren- 
eephali'tia,  Inflamma'tio  cerebel'li.  Inflammation 
of  the  cerebellum :  a  variety  of  phrenitis  or  ence- 
phalitis. 

CEREBEL'LOUS,  Cerehello'sns,  from  cerehel- 
lum,  'the  little  brain.'  (F.)  Cerehelleux.  Chaus- 
sier  has  given  this  epithet  to  the  vessels  of  the 
cerebellum.  These  are  three  in  number;  two 
of  which  are  inferior:  the  larger,  inferior  cere- 
helli,  which  arises  from  the  posterior  cerebral  or 
vertebral ;  and  the  smaller,  whose  existence  is 
not  constant,  from  the  meso-eephalic  orbasilary: 
— the  third,  called  A.  cSrebelleuse  superieure  (su- 
perior cerebelli,)  is  also  a  branch  of  the  basilary. 
Cerebel'lods  Ap'oplexy,  Apoplex'ia  cere- 
hello' sa:  apoplexy  of  the  cerebellum. 

CEREBEL'LUM,  diminutive  of  Cerehnm.;  C. 
parvum,Appen' dix  ad  cer' ebrum,Ger' ehruni poste' - 
ritis,  Encra'nion,  Encra' nis,  Epencra'nis,  Paren- 
ceph'alis,  Parenceph' alus,  EncephaV ium,  Encepli'- 
nl'W  opia'thius,  Ilicrencepha'linm,  Micreneeph' a- 
luin,  Little  brain,  (F.)  Cervelet.  A  portion  of  the 
medullary  mass,  contained  in  the  cavity  of  the 
cranium.  It  fills  the  lower  occipital  foss83  below 
tlie  t'Cntorium,  and  embraces  the  tuber  annulare 
and  medulla.  It  is  composed,  like  the  brain,  of 
vesicular  and  tubular  substance,  arranged  in 
laminas,  as  it  were;  so  that,  when  a  section  is 
made  of  it,  it  has  an  arborescent  appearance, 
railed  Arbor  vita.  The  cerebellum  is  divided 
)nto  two  lobc8  or  hemispheres  or  lateral  masses, 
and  each  lobe  is  again  subdivided  into  Montic'uli 


or  Lohules.  In  the  cerebellum  are  to  be  observed 
the  crura  cerebelli,  the  fourth  ventricle,  the  val- 
vula  magna  cerebri,  the  processus  vermicidares, 
superior  and  inferior,  &c. 

CER'EBRAL,  Cerebra'lis,  (F.)  Cerebral,  from 
cerebrum,  '  the  brain.'  Belonging  to  the  brain  : 
similar  to  brain. 

Cerebral  Apophysis,  Pineal  gland. 

Cerebral  Ar'teries  are  three  on  each  side  : 
—  the  anterior  or  artery  of  the  corpus  callosum, 
and  the  middle,  arte'ria  Sylvia'nn.,  are  furnished 
by  the  internal  carotid  :  —  the  posterior  or  poste- 
rior and  inferior  artery  of  the  brain,  A.profunda 
cerebri,  arises  from  the  vertebral.  Chaussier 
calls  these  arteries  lobaires,  because  they  corre- 
spond wdth  the  anterior,  middle,  and  posterior 
lobes,  whilst  he  calls  the  trunks,  whence  they 
originate,  cerebral. 

Cerebral  Nerves  are  those  which  arise  with- 
in the  cranium,  all  of  which,  perhaps,  with  the 
exception  of  the  olfactory,  originate  from  the 
medulla  oblongata.     See  Nerves. 

In  Pathology,  an  affection  is  called  cerebral, 
which  specially  occupies  the  brain.  Fievre  cer(- 
brale.  Cerebral  fever,  is  a  variety  in  which  the 
head  is  much  affected. 

CEREBRIFORM  Encephaloid. 

CEREBROPATHY,  see  Nervous  diathesis. 

CEREBRO-MALACIA,  Mollities  cerebri. 

CEREBRO-SPINAL,  Cephalo-spinal.  A  cere- 
brospinal or  cerebro-spinant  is  a  neurotic,  which 
exercises  a  special  influence  over  one  or  more 
functions  of  the  brain  and  spinal  cord,  and  thtir 
respective  nerves. — Pereira. 

Cerebro-Spinal  Axis,  see  Encephalon. 

CEREBRO-SPINANT,  Cerebro-spinal. 

CER'EBRUM  or  CERE'BRUM.  The  brain. 
(F.)  Cerveau,  Cervelle.  This  term  is  sometimes 
applied  to  the  whole  of  the  contents  of  the  cra- 
nium :  at  others,  to  the  upper  portion  ;— the  pos- 
terior and  inferior  being  called  cerebellum.  The 
brain,  properly  so  called,  extends  from  the  os 
frontis  to  the  superior  occipital  fossae.  Anterior- 
l.y,  it  rests  on  the  orbitar  vaults :  behind  this,  on 
the  middle  fossae  of  the  base  of  the  cranium  ; 
and,  posteriorly,  on  the  tentorium  eerebello  super- 
extensum.  The  upper  surface  is  divided  by  a 
deep  median  cleft  (Scissure  interlobaire,  —  Cb.) 
into  two  halves,  called  hemispjheres,  which  are 
imited  at  the  base  by  the  corpus  callosum.  At 
its  surface  are  numerous  convolutions.  The  infe- 
rior surface  exhibits,  from  before  to  behind,  three 
lobes,  distinguished  into  anterior,  middle,  and 
posterior.  The  middle  is  separated  from  the  an- 
terior by  the  fissure  of  Sylvius  ;  and  from  the 
posterior,  by  a  shallow  furrow  which  corresponds 
to  the  upper  portion  of  the  pars  petroaa.  Inter- 
nally, the  brain  has,  on  the  median  line,  the  cor- 
pus callosum,  septiim  lucidum,  fornix,  pineal 
gland,  a,ndthird  ventricle: — and  laterally,  the  late- 
ral ventricles,  in  which  are  the  corpora  striata, 
optic  thalami,  Ac.  It  is  contained  in  a  triple 
envelope,  (see  Meninges.)  Its  texture  is  pidpy, 
and  vai-ies  according  to  age.  Two  substances  may 
be  distinguished  in  it— the  white,  medullary,  tubtdur 
or  fibrous  —  medxdVa  cer'ehri,  and  the  cortical, 
cineritious,  vesicular,  or  gray.  The  former  is 
white ;  and  occupies  all  the  interior  and  base  of 
the  brain.  The  latter  is  grayish  and  softer.  It 
is  situate  particularly  at  the  surface  of  the  organ. 

The  brain  receives  several  arterial  vessels,  fur- 
nished by  the  internal  carotid  and  vertebral.  Its 
veins  end  in  the  sinuses.  It  is  the  mntcri.Tl 
organ  of  the  mental  and  moral  manifostatiori.^i. 
According  to  Gall,  each  part  is  the  spetdal  seat 
of  one  of  those  faculties,  and  the  brain  and  cere- 
bellum, inclusive,  are  called  by  him  'the  ncrrcu* 
system  of  the  mental  faculties.'     See  Craniology. 


CEREFOLIUM 


191 


CERVISPINA 


The  su'bstance  of  the  nervous  system — Neurine 
has  beeu  analyzed  by  Vauquelin,  and  found  to 
contain  water,  80.00 ;  white  fatty  matter,  4.53 ; 
red  fatty  matter,  called  cerebrine,  0.70 ;  osma- 
zome,  1.12;  albumen,  7.00;  phosphorus,  1.50; 
sulphur,  acid  phosphates  of  potassa,  lime,  and 
magnesia,  5.15. 

Cerebrum  Abdominale,  Solar  plexus — e.  Elon- 
gatum.  Medulla  oblongata — c.  Parvum,  Cerebel- 
lum— c.  Posterius,  Cerebellum. 

CEREFOLIUM,  Scandix  cerefolium— e.  His- 
panicum,  ChEerophyllum  odoratum — c.  Sylvestre, 
ChEerophyllum  sylvestre. 

CEREL^UM,  Cerate. 

CEREOLUS,  Bougie. 

CERERISIA,  Cerevisia. 

CEREUM  MEDICATUM,  Bougie. 

CERE  US,  Bougie. 

CEREVIS'IA,  quasi  Cereris'ia,  Cervia'ia,  Oe'- 
lia,  Zythus,  Zi/thum,  Liquor  Cer'eris,  Vinum  hor- 
dea'cewn,  Bira,  Bryton,  (Spvrov,  Barley  wine,  from 
Ceres,  'corn;'  whence  it  is  made.  Ale  [Alia,) 
Beer,  Porter,  (F.)  Biere,  Cervoise.  These  fluids 
are  drunk  by  the  inhabitants  of  many  countries 
habitually,  and  in  Great  Britain  and  Germany 
more  than  in  others.  They  are  nourishing,  but 
not  very  easy  of  digestion.  The  old  dispensato- 
ries contain  numerous  medicated  ales,  which  are 
no  longer  in  use. 

Cerevisia  Nigra,  see  Falltranck. 

CERFEUIL,  Scandix  cerefolium — c.  Mtisque, 
Chaerophyllum  odoratum  —  c.  Sauvage,  Chaero- 
phyllum  sylvestre. 

CERION,  Favus,  Poi-rigo  favosa. 

GERISIER,  Prunus  cerasus  —  c.  ot  Grappes, 
Prunus  padus — c.  de  Virginie,  Prunus  Virginiana. 

CERNIN,  SAINT,  WATERS  OF.  St.  C.  is  a 
parish  in  the  diocess  of  St.  Flour,  Upper  Au- 
vergne,  France.  The  water  is  a  chalybeate.  It 
is  called  Eau  du  Camhon. 

CERNOS,  Capistrum. 

CEROE'NE,  Cerou'ne,  or  Oiroue'ne,  Ceroe'vum, 
from  Krjpo;,  'wax,'  and  tuvo?,  'wine.'  A  plaster 
composed  of  yellow  loax,  mutton  suet,  pitch.  Bur- 
gundy pitch,  bole  Armeniac,  thus  and  wine.  It 
was  used  as  a  strengthening  plaster.  Sometimes 
it  contained  neither  wax  nor  wine. 

CEROMA,  Cerate. 

CEROMANTI'A,  from  Ktipo;,  '  wax,'  and  //av- 
reia,  '  divination.'  The  art  of  foretelling  the  fu- 
ture, from  the  figures  which  melted  wax  assumes, 
when  suffered  to  drop  on  the  surface  of  water. 

CERONIUM,  Cerate. 

CEROPIS'SUS,  from  xvpo^,  'wax,'  and  naaa, 
'  pitch.'  A  depilatory  plaster,  composed  of  pitch 
ajid  wax. 

CEROS.  Cera. 

CEROSTROSIS,  Hystriciasis. 

CEROTUM,  Cerate. 

CEROXYLON,  see  Cera  flava  et  alba. 

CBRUA,  Rioinis  communis. 

CERU'MEN,  from  cera,  'wax.'  Ceru'men 
Au'rium,  Ce'rea,  Auriiim  Sordes,  Sordic'ulm  au'- 
rium,  Marmora'ta  Au'rium,  Cypsele,  Ceru'minoiis 
ITumour,  Ear-ioax,  Gyp'selis,  Fu'gile,  (F.)  Cire 
des  Oreilles.  A  name  given  to  the  unctuous  hu- 
mour, similar  to  wax  in  its  physical  properties, 
which  is  met  with  in  the  meatus  audiforius  exter- 
rtus.  It  is  secreted  by  glands,  situate  beneath 
the  skin  lining  the  meatus.  It  lubricates  the 
meatus,  preserves  the  suppleness  of  the  lining 
membrane,  prevents  the  introduction  of  bodies 
■floating  in  the  atmosphere,  and  by  its  bitterness 
und  unctuousness  prevents  insects  from  pene- 
trating. 

CERU'MINOUS,  Cerxtmtno'sus,  (F.)  Cerumi- 
neux.     Relating  to  cerumen. 

Cbruminods  Glands,  Ceru'minous  Follicles, 
(F.)  Glands  cdruminewes  ou  FoUiculea  cSrumi- 


neuses.     Glands  or  follicles  which  secrete    tha 
cerumen. 

CERUSSA  ACETATA,  Plumbi  superacetas— 
c.  Alba  Hispanica,  Plumbi  subcarbonas — c.  Alba 
Norica,  Plumbi  subcarbonas  —  c.  Psymmithron, 
Plumbi  subcarbonas  —  c.  Serpentaria,  see  Arum 
maculatum. 

CERUSSE,  Plumbi  subcarbonas. 
CERUS'SEA  URI'NA.  A  term  used  by  Para- 
celsus for  the  urine,  when  of  a  colour  like  cerusso. 

CERVARIA  ALBA,  Laserpitium  latifolium. 

CERVEAU,  Cerebrum. 

CERVELET,  Cerebellum. 

GER  VELLE,  Cerebrum. 

CERVI  ELAPHI  CORNU,  Cornu  cervi,  see 
Cervus. 

CER'VICAL,  Cervica'lia,  from  cervix,  'the 
back  of  the  neck.'  Trache'lian.  Every  thing 
which  concerns  the  neck,  especially  the  back  part. 

Cervical  Ar'teries  are  three  in  number  :  1. 
The  ascending,  anterior,  or  superficial,  a  branch 
of  the  inferior  thyroid,  distributed  to  the  sealeni 
muscles  and  integuments.  2.  The  transverse 
( Cervico-scapidaire  —  Ch.,)  a  branch  of  the  axil- 
lary artery,  or  of  the  subclavian  :  distributed  to 
the  levator  scapulae,  trapezius,  &o.  3.  The  pos- 
terior or  profound,  A.  transversa'lis  colli,  Tra- 
chelo-cervicale — (Ch.)  a  branch  of  the  subclavian, 
distributed  to  the  deep-seated  muscles  on  the  an- 
terior and  posterior  parts  of  the  neck.  See,  also, 
Princeps  Cervicis  (arteria.) 

Cervical  Gan'glions.  The  three  ganglions 
of  the  great  sympathetic.  The  cervical  glands 
or  lymphatic  glands  of  the  neck  are,  also,  so 
called.     See  Trisplanchnic  nerve. 

Cervical  Lig'aments.  These  are  two  in 
number.  1.  The  anterior,  extending  from  the 
basilary  process  of  the  occipital  bone  to  the  an- 
terior part  of  the  first  cervical  vertebra.  2.  The 
posterior  or  supraspinous,  Ligamen'tum  Nu'ehce, 
which  extends  from  the  outer  occipital  protube- 
rance to  the  spinous  process  of  the  seventh  cer- 
vical vertebra.  In  animals  with  large  heads  it  is 
very  strong. 

Cervical  Nerves  are  eight  in  number  on 
each  side,  and  form  the  eight  cervical  jyaire,  which 
are  the  first  given  ofi'  from  the  spinal  marrow. 

Cervical  Plexus,  Plexus  Trachelo-sonscutani 
(Ch.)  The  nervous  net- work  formed  by  the  an- 
terior branches  of  the  first  three  cervical  nerves, 
above  the  posterior  scalenus  muscle,  and  at  the 
outer  side  of  the  pneumogastric  nerve,  Cirotid 
artery,  and  jugular  vein. 

Cervical  Region,  Anterior,  Deep,  Prtve^'- 
tebral  region.  The  region  of  the  neck,  occupied 
by  three  pairs  of  muscles  placed  immediately  in 
front  of  the  cervical  and  three  superior  dors.ii 
vertebrte  : — viz.  the  rectus  capitis  anticus  major, 
the  rectus  capitis  anticus  minor,  and  longus  colli ; 
— hence  teYw^eti  prevertebral  muscles. 

Cervical  Veins  have  nearly  the  same  distri- 
bution as  the  arteries. 

Cervical  Ver'tebr^.  The  first  seven  verte  • 
bree  of  the  spine. 

CERVICALIS  DESCENDENS,  see  Hypo 
glossus  and  Sacro-lumbalis. 

CERVICARIA,  Campanula  traehelium. 

CERVIGI-DORSO-SGAPULAIRE,  Ehom 
boideus — c.  Dorso-costal,  Serratus  posticus  su- 
perior —  e.  Borso-masto'idien  et  dorso-trachelien, 
Splenius — c.  Masto'idien,  Splenius. 

CER'VICO-FA'CIAL,  Cervi' co-facia'Hs.  P-^- 
longing  to  the  neck  and  face. 

Cervico-facial  Nerve,  Nervua  cermco-facia 
lis.  A  branch  of  the  facial  nerve,  distributed  to 
the  neck  and  face. 

CERVISIA,  Cerevisia. 

CERVISPINA,  Rhamnua. 


CERVIX 


192 


CHAM^DRYS 


CERYIX,  Colhim.     The  neck.     A  neck. 

Cervix  Obstipa,  Torticollis — c-  Uteri,  Collum 
uteri. 

CERVOISE,  Cerevisia. 

CERVUS,  Cerva.  The  hom  of  the  Cervus  EV- 
apAus,  caUed  Cornu,  Cervi  El'aphi  Cornu,  Cornu 
Cervi'num,  Hartshorn,  (F.)  Come  de  eerf,  con- 
tains 27  parts  of  gelatin  in  the  100.  A  jelly  made 
from  the  shavings  is  emollient  and  nutritive. 

The  Stag's  Fizzle,  Pria'pug  Cervi,  was  once 
considered  to  be  aphrodisiac.  Dose,  Qj  to  33?  in 
pQ-vvder.  ^ 

Cervus  Alces.  The  Elk,  (F.)  Elan.  The 
hoof  of  this  animal  was  anciently  used  as  an  anti- 
epileptic.  The  animal,  it  was  asserted,  was  sub- 
ject to  attacks  of  epilepsy,  and  always  cured  them 
by  putting  its  hoof  into  the  ear.  The  hoof  was 
also  worn  as  an  amulet. 

Cornu  Usfum,  Burnt  Hartshorn,  has  been  used 
as  an  antacid,  but  it  consists  of  57  parts  of  phos- 
phate, and  only  one  of  carbonate  of  lime.  It  is, 
therefore,  not  of  much  use. 

CESARIENNE  OPERATION,  Csesarean 
section. 

CESSATIO  MENSIUM,  Amenorrhoea. 

CESTRI'TES.  A  wine  prepared  from  betony, 
[Ke(7Tpov,  '  betony.') 

CESTROK',  Betonica  o£5einalis. 

CETA'CEIJil,  from  Kvro;,  'a  whale.'  Album 
Ceti,  Adipioce'ra  ceto'sa,  Steari'num  ceta'ceum, 
Spermacet' i,  (F.)  Blanc  de  Baleine,  Ceiine,  Adi- 
poctre  de  Baleine.  An  inodorous,  insipid,  white, 
crystallized,  friable,  unctuous  substance,  obtained 
from  the  brain  of  the  Physe'ter  Ilaerocejjh'alu^ 
or  Spiermaceti  Whale,  and  other  varieties  of 
whale.  S.  g.  .9433 :  melts  at  112°.  It  is  de- 
mulcent and  emollient,  and  has  been  given  in 
coughs  and  dysentery,  but  is  mostly  used  in  oint- 
ments. Dose,  3ss  to  ^iss,  rubbed  up  with  sugar 
or  egg. 

CETERACH  OFFICII  ARUM,  Asplenium 
eeterach. 

CETINE,  Cetaceum. 

CETRARIA  ISLANDICA,  Lichen  islandicus. 

CETRARIN,  see  Lichen  islandicus. 

CETRARIUM,  see  Lichen  islandicus. 

CEVADILLA  HISPAlSfORUM,  Veratrum  sa- 
badilla. 

CEVADILLE,  Veratrum  sabadilla. 

CHAA.  Thea. 

CH^REFOLIUM,  Scandis  cerefolium. 

CH^ROPHYL'LUM,  from  xaijjoi,  'I  rejoice,' 
i^nd  (pvWov,  '  a  leaf.'     Scandis  cerefolium. 

CHJEROPHYLLUJt  CEREFOLIUM,  Scandis  ccrefo- 
lium  —  c.  Angulatum,  Ch.sylvestre. 

Chjerophtl'lum  Odora'tum,  Scandix  Odo- 
ra'ta,Myrrhi8  Odora'ta  seu  J/a/or,  Cicuta'riaodo- 
ra'ta,  Cerefo'lium  Hispan'icum,  Sweet  Cic"ely, 
(F.)  Cerfeuil  musquee  ou  d' Espagne,  has  the 
pmell  of  aniseed,  and  is  cultivated  on  account  of 
its  aromatic  properties. 

Ch^rophyl'lum  MoNOGYNU3f,  Ch.  sylvestre — 
c.  Sativum,  Scandix. 

Ch^erophyl'lum  Stlves'trB,  Cicuta'ria,  ChoB- 
rophyl'luni  tem'xdum  seu  monog'ynum  sen  angu- 
la'tum  seu  verticella' turn,  Anthris'cus  hu'milM  seu 
proc"erus,  Cerefo'lium  Sylves'tre,  Bastard  Herur- 
lock.  Wild  Chervil  or  Coic-weed,  (F.)  Cerfeuil 
tanvage,  Persil  d'Ane,  is  a  slightly  fetid  aromatic, 
but  is  not  used. 

Ch^rophyllum  Tejiulum,  ChasrophyUum  syl- 
vestre— c.  Verticillatum,  Ch.  sylvestre. 
CH^TE,  CapiUus. 

CHAFING,  Erytlie'ma  Intertri' go,  Intertri'go, 
Paratrim/ma,  Paratrip'si-s,  Diatrim'ma,  Attri'ta, 
Attrit"io,  from  echavff'er,  '  to  heat'  ^  Fret.  Ero- 
f!ions  of  the  skinj  Attri'tua,  (F.)  Echauffemens, 
Ecorehures.     The  red  ezcoriations  which  occur 


in  consequence  of  the  friction  of  parts,  or  between 
the  folds  of  the  skin,  especially  in  fat  or  neglected 
children.  Washing  with  cold  water  and  dusting 
with  hair-powder  is  the  best  preventive.  When 
occurring  between  the  nates  and  in  the  region  of 
the  perinaeum,  from  long  walking, — Intertri'go 
pod'ieis,  Procta.l'gia  intertrigino'sa,  —  it  is  vul- 
garly designated  by  the  French  Entrefesson. 

CHAIR,  Flesh. 

CHAIR,  OBSTETRIC,  Labour  chair. 

CHAISE  PERCEE,  Lasanum. 

CHALASIS,  Relaxation. 

CHALASMUS,  Relaxation. 

CHALAS'TICUS,  from  x^^au,  '1  relax.'  A 
medicine  proper  for  removing  rigidity  of  the 
fibres. — Galen.     An  emollient  or  relaxant. 

CHAL'AZA,  Chala'zion,  Chalazium,  Chalazo'- 
sis,  Poro'sis,  Grando,  TopTiVS,  Hail,  (F.)  Grele, 
Gravelle.  A  hard,  round,  transparent  tumour, 
developed  in  different  parts  of  the  body,  more 
especially  in  the  substance  of  the  eyelids.  — 
Also,  the  Cicatricula  of  the  egg.  Generally,  how- 
ever, in  the  language  of  ovologists,  the  chalaza 
or  poles  are,  in  the  egg  of  the  bird,  the  more 
dense  internal  layer  of  the  albumen,  which  ad- 
heres to  the  yolk,  and  is  continued,  in  the  form 
of  two  spirally  twisted  bands,  towards  the  extre- 
mities of  the  egg.  The  twisting  is  considered  to 
be  produced  by  the  revolving  motion  of  the  egg 
in  its  descent  through  the  oviduct. 

ChalazjE,  see  Chalaza. 

CHALCANTHUM,  Ferri  sulphas  —  c.  Album 
Zinci  sulphas. 

CHALCEDONIUS,  Cornelian. 

CHALCITAS,  Bismuth. 

CHALCITES,  Colcothar. 

CHALCOIDEUM,  (os),  Cuneiform  bone. 

CHALCOS,  Cuprum,  ^reolum. 

CHALCUS,  ^reolum. 

CHALEUR,  Heat — c.  Acre,  see  Acrid — c.  Atii- 
male,  Animal  heat,  see  Heat  —  c.  dea  Animaux, 
see  Heat. 

CHALEUR S  BU  FOIE,  Heat. 

CHALIXI,  see  Lip. 

CHAL'INOPLASTY,  Chalinoplas'tice ;  from 
;\;aAivof,  'frsenum,'  'a  bridle,'  and  TrXaatno,  'I 
form.'    The  operation  for  forming  anewfraenum. 

CHALK,  Creta  —  c.  Red,  Rubrica  febrilis — c. 
Stones,  Calculi,  arthritic. 

CHALYB'EATE,  Chohjbea'tus,  Ferrvgin'eus, 
Fcrrugino'sns,  Ferra'tus,  Martia'lis,  Ferru'gi- 
noxis,  Mar'tial,  (F.)  Ferrugineux ;  from  chahjbs, 
'iron  or  steel.'  Of,  or  belonging  to  iron;  contain- 
ing iron.  Any  medicine  into  which  iron  enters, 
as  chalybeate  mixture,  pills,  icaters,  &c.  See  Wa- 
ters, Mineral. 

CHALYBIS  RUBIGO,  Ferri  subcarbonas. 

CHALYBS,  from  Chalybes ;  a  people  of  Pon- 
tus,  who  dug  iron  out  of  the  earth;  A'cies,  Steel. 
The  Proto-carburet  of  iron,  (F.)  Acier.  As  a 
medicine,  steel  does  not  difi"er  from  iron. 

Chalybs  Tartarizatus,  Ferrum  tartarizatum. 

CHAMA,  Cheme. 

CHAMiEACTE,  Sambucus  ebulus. 

CHAMiEBATOS,  Fragaria. 

CHAMuECEDRIS.  Artemisia  santonica. 

CHAM^CISSUS,  Glechoma  hederacea. 

CHAMiECLEMA,  Glechoma  hederacea  —  c. 
Hederacea,  Glechoma  hederacea. 

CHAM^CYPARISSUS,  Artemisia  santonica, 

CKAM^DROPS,  Teucrium  chamaedrys. 

CHAM^DRYi'TES.  A  wine,  in  which  tho 
Teu'crium  Chnramdrys  has  been  infused. 

CHAMuEDRYS,  Rubus  ehama;morus,Teuerium 
Ch.,  Veronica — c.  Incana  maritima,  Teucrium 
marum — c.  Marum,  Teucrium  marum — c.  Minor 
repens,  Teucrium  Ch.  —  c.  Palustris,  Teucrium 
seordium  —  c.  Scordium,  Teucrium  scordium  —  c 
Vulgaris,  Teucrium  Ch. 


CHAM^GEIRON 


193 


CHARM 


CHAM.5:GEIR0N,  TussUago. 

CHAM^EL^AGNUS,  Myrica  gale. 

CHAM^LAI'TES.  A  wine  impregnated  with 
uhamaelea,  Daphne  Alpi'na. 

CHAMJiLEA,  Cneorum  tricoccum. 

CHAMiELEON  ALBUM,  CarUna  acaulis. 

CHAM^LEUCE,  Tussilago. 

CHAMiELINUM,  Linum  eatharticum. 

CHAM^LIR'IUM  LU'TEUM,  Vera'trum  lu'- 
tetun,  Helo'nias  lu'tea,  H.  Bioi'ca,  Devil's  Bit, 
Blazing  star  ;  indigenous:  0/-fZer,  Melanthaceas  ; 
flowering  in  June ;  is  acrid.  An  infusion  of  the 
root  has  been  given  as  an  anthelmintic ;  a  tinc- 
ture, as  a  tonic. 

CHAM^MELUM,  Anthemis  nobilis— c.  Foe- 
tidum,  Anthemis  cotula  —  c.  iSTohile,  Anthemis 
nobilis^c.  Odoratum,  Anthemis  nobilis — c.  Vul- 
gare,  Matricaria  chamomilla. 

CHAM^MORUS,  Teucrium  chamaepitys,  Ru- 
bus  ehamsemorus — c.  Norwegica,  Rubus  chamEe- 
morus. 

CHAM^EPEUCE,  Camphorosma  Monspeliaca. 

CHAM^PITUI'NUM  YINUM.  A  wine,  in 
which  the  leaves  of  the  Ohatnce'pitys,  Teu'crium 
Cham'a'intys,  have  been  infused. 

CHAM^PITYS,  Teucrium  chamaepitys  —  c. 
Anthyllus,  Teucrium  iva  —  c.  Moschata,  Teu- 
crium iva. 

CHAM.EPLION,  Erysimum. 

CHAM^RAPH'ANUM,  from  x'^l'ah  'on  the 
ground,'  and  pacpavog,  'the  radish.'  So  Paulus 
of  jEgina  calls  the  upper  part  of  the  root  of  the 
A2}itim. 

CHAM^'ROPS  SERRAT'ULA,  Saio  Pal- 
metto. A  farina  is  prepared  from  the  roots  of 
this  plant,  which  is  used  by  the  Indians,  in  Flo- 
rida, as  diet. 

CHAMBAR,  Magnesia. 

CHAMBER,  Cam'era,  (F.)  Chamhre.  A  term 
used  in  speaking  of  the  eye,  in  which  there 
are  two  chambers,  Came'rce  oc'itli:  —  an  ante- 
rior and  a,  posterior  ;  (F.)  Chambre  anterieiire  et 
j}Osterieure.  The  anterior  is  the  space  between 
the  cornea  and  the  anterior  part  of  the  iris  : — the 
posterior,  the  space  between  the  iris  and  anterior 
surface  of  the  crystalline.  They  are  filled  with 
the  aqueous  humour,  and  communicate  by  the 
opening  in  the  pupil. 

CHAM'BERLAIN'S  RESTOR'ATIVE 
PILLS.,  This  nostrum,  recommended  in  scro- 
fula, and  all  impurities  of  the  blood,  has  been 
analyzed  by  Dr.  Paris,  and  found  to  consist  of 
cinnahar,  sulphur,  sulphate  of  lime,  and  a  little 
vegetable  matter.     Each  pill  weighs  3  grains. 

CHA3IBRE,  Chamber. 

CHAMBRIE,  Cannabis  sativa. 

CHAMELEA,  Daphne  Alpina, 

CHAMOMILE,  DOGS',  Matricaria  chamomilla 

—  e.  Dyers',  Anthemis  tinetoria  —  c.  German, 
Matricaria  chamomilla — c.  Spanish,  Anthemis 
pyrethrum  —  c.  Stinking,  Anthemis  cotula  —  c. 
Wild,  Anthemis  cotula,  Matricaria  glabrata. 

CHAMOMILLA  FCETIDA,  Anthemis  cotula 

—  c.  Nostras,  Matricaria  chamomilla — c.  Ro- 
mana,  Anthemis  nobilis  —  c.  Spuria,  Anthemis 
cotula. 

CHAMPACA,  Michelia  champaca. 
CHAMPIGNON,    Fungus  — c.  de  I'Appareil 
des  Fractures,  Clavaria — c.  de  Couche,  see  Agaric 

—  c.  de  3Ialte,  Cj'nomorion  coecineum. 
CHANCELA6UA,  Canehalagua. 
CHANCRE,    (F.)  Ulcus  cancro'sum,  Ulciw'cu- 

Inm  cancro'sum.  A  sore,  which  arises  from  the 
direct  application  of  the  venereal  virus ;  hence  it 
IS  almost  always  seated,  in  men,  on  the  penis. 
The  French  use  the  word  Chancre,  in  popular 
language,  for  cancerous  ulcers,  the  malignant 
aphthse  of  children,  &c.  Formerly,  the  terms 
33 


Car'oli  and  Ca'ries  pttdendo' rum  were  used  for 
venereal  pustules  or  sores  on  the  parts  of  gene- 
ration. , 

CHANCRE  BAR  YE.  A  concealed  chancre, 
such  as  has  been  supposed  by  M.  Ricord  to  give 
occasion  to  gonorrhoea  virulenta. 

CHANCREUX,  Chancreuse,  (F.)  Cancro'sua, 
Carcino'dea.  Having  the  nature  of  chancre,  or 
of  cancer. 

Bouton  Chancrevx.  A  small  tumour  of  a  can- 
cerous nature,  which  makes  its  appearance  on 
the  face — most  frequently  on  the  upper  lip — Noli 
me  tangere.  ^ 

CHANT  DES  ARTERES  Sifflement  module. 

CHANVRE,  Cannabis  sativa  —  c.  Indien, 
Bangue. 

CHAOMANTI'A.  The  alchymists  meant,  by 
this  word,  the  art  of  predicting  the  future  from 
observation  of  the  air.  The  word  Chaos  wa? 
used  b}^  Paracelsus  for  the  air;  {/lavTcta,  'divi- 
nation.') 

CHAOSDA,  Plague. 

CHAPE  R  ONDEMOINE,  Aconitum  napellus. 

CHAPITEAU,  Alembic. 

CHAPPEDONADE,  Chappetonade. 

CHAPPETONADE,  Chappedonade,  (F.), 
Vom'itus  rahio'siis.  Vomiting  accompanied  by 
furious  delirium,  attacking  strangers  in  hot 
countries. 

CHAR'ACTER,  ^apaxTrip,  'A  mark  or  impres- 
sion.' (F.)  Caractere.  In  Pathology  it  is  used 
synonymously  with  stamp  or  appearance.  We 
say,  "A  disease  is  of  an  unfavourable  character," 
"  The  prevailing  epidemic  has  a  bilious  charac- 
ter," &c.  In  3Iental  Philosophy  it  means  —  that 
which  distinguishes  one  individual  from  another, 
as  regards  his  understanding  and  passions.  See 
Symbol. 

CHARA'DRIUS.  .^lian  thus  calls  a  bird, 
which  was  reputed  to  cure  jaundice.  The  word 
now  means  the  plover. 

CHARANTIA,  Momordica  elaterium. 

CHAR  BON,  Anthrax  carbo. 

CHARBONNEUX,  Anthracoid. 

CHARCOAL,  Carbo  —  c.  Animal,  Carbo  ani- 
malis. 

CHAR  DON  A  UX  ANES,  Onopordium  aeaa- 
thium — c.  Benit,  Centaurea  benedicta — c.  d  Bon- 
netier,  Dipsacus  fullonum  —  c.  Etoile,  Centaurea 
caleitrapa  —  c.  a  Fovlon,  Dipsacus  fullonum — c. 
Hemorrhoidal,  Cirsium  arvense — c.  Marie,  Car- 
duus  Marianus — c.  Roland,  Eryngium  campestre. 

CHAR'LATAN,  from  Ital.  ciarlare,  'to  talk 
much ;'  Circula'tor,  Circumfora' neus,  Periodcu'tes, 
Pseudomed'icus,  Agyr'ta,  Anacyc'leon,  A  Quack, 
an  Emjjirical  Pretender,  an  Emp'iric.  Origi- 
nally, one  who  went  from  place  to  place  to  sell 
a  medicine,  to  which  he  attributed  marvellous 
properties.  By  extension  —  any  individual,,  who 
endeavours  to  deceive  the  public  by  passing  him- 
self off  as  more  skilful  than  he  really  is.  Ac- 
cording to  Menage,  the  word  comes  from  eireu- 
latanus,  a  corruption  of  circulator. 

CHAR'LATANRY,  Agyr'tia,  Banau'sia,  the 
conduct  or  action  of  a  charlatan.  (F.)  Charla- 
tanerie,  Charlatanisme,  Quackery,  Empiricism. 

CHARLOCK,  Sinapis  arvensis. 

CHARM,  Lat.  Carmen,  'a  verse,'  because 
charms  often  consisted  of  verses,  whence  comes 
the  Italian,  Ciarma,  (F.)  Charme,  with  the  same 
signification.  Canta'tio,  Incantamen'tum.  A  trick, 
a  spell,  an  enchantment.  A  sort  of  magic,  or  super- 
stitious practice,  consisting  of  words,  characters, 
&e.,  by  which  it  was  believed,  that  individuals 
might  be  struck  with  sickness  or  death,  or  bo 
restored  to  health. 

The  following  are  specimens  of  old  charais — 
verse  charms : 


charniMe 


194 


CHEESE 


F\.r  stancht'iig  Blood,  (Pepy?.) 

Sanguis  mane  in  te 

Siciit  Chrisius  fuit  in  se  ; 

Sanguis  mane  in  tiia  vena 

Sicut  Christus  in  sua  poena  ; 

Sanguis  inane  fixus, 

Sicut  Christus  quando  fuit  crucifixus. 

For  Cramp,  (Pepys.) 
Cramp  be  thou  fainlless, 
As  our  lady  was  sinless, 
When  she  bare  Jesus. 

For  the  Foot  tohen  asleep,  (Coleridge.) 

Foot !  foot !  foot !  is  fast  asleep ! 

Thumb!  thumb!  thumb!  in  spittle  we  steep; 

Crosses  three  we  make  to  ease  us. 

Two  for  the  thieves,  and  one  for  Christ  Jesus. 

The  same  charm  served  for  cramp  in  the  leg, 
with  this  substitution : 

The  devil  is  tying  a  knot  in  my  leg! 
Mark,  Luke,  and  John,  unloose  it,  I  beg! — 
Crosses  three,  &c. 

For  a  Burn,  (Pepys.) 
There  came  three  angels  out  of  the  East ; 
The  one  brought  fire,  the  other  brought  frost. 
Out  fire;  in  frost. 

In  the  name  of  the  Father  and  Son  and  Holy  Ghost. 

Amen. 

CHARNIERE,  Ginglymus. 

CHARNU,  Carneous. 

CHARPIE,  Linteum  —  c.  Brute,  see  Linteum 
— c.  Rapee,  see  Linteum. 

CHART  A  A  NTI  ARTHRITIC  A,  Gout  paper 
— c.  Antirheumatica,  Gout  paper — c.  Vesicatoria, 
Bee  Sparadrapum  Vesicatorium  —  c.  Virginea, 
Amnios. 

GHARTRE,  Tabes  mesenterica. 

OH  AS,  (F.)  Acus  fora'men.  The  eye  of  a 
needle.  Sometimes,  this  opening  is  near  the 
point  of  the  instrument,  as  in  the  ligature  needle. 

CHASCHISCH,  see  Bangue. 

CHASME,  Yawning. 

CHASPE,  Variola. 

GHASSE  (P.),  Manu'hrium.  A  kind  of  handle 
composed  of  two  movable  laminse  of  horn,  shell, 
or  ivory,  united  only  at  the  extremity,  which 
holds  the  blade  of  the  instrument, — as  in  the 
common  bleeding  lancet. 

GHASSIE  (F.),  Lema,  Lippa,  Glama,  Gleme, 
Gra'mia,  Lemos'itas  ;  the  gnm  of  the  eye.  A  se- 
baceous humour,  secreted  mainly  by  the  follicles 
of  Meibomius,  which  sometimes  glues  the  eyelids 
together. 

GHASSIE UX  (F.)  Lippxis ;  covered  with 
Chassie — as  Panpieres  chassieuses. 

CHASTE  TREE,  Vitex. 

GHA  TAIGNE,  see  Fagus  castanea — c.  d'Eau, 
Trap  a  natans. 

OHATAIGNIER  GOMMUN,  Fagus  castanea 
—  c.  Nain,  Fagns  castanea  pumila. 

CHATEAU -LANDON,  WATERS  OF.  A 
town  three  le.agues  from  Nemours,  in  France. 
The  waters  contain  alum  and  iron. 

CHATEAU-SALINS,  WATERS  OF;  a  town 
in  the  department  of  La-Meurthe,  France.  The 
waters  contain  carbonate  of  lime,  sulphates  of 
lime  and  magnesia,  and  chlorides  of  magnesium 
and  sodium. 

CHATELDON,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
'Chateluon  is  in  the  department  of  Puy-de-Dome, 
i'ranee.  The  waters  contain  carbonic  acid  and  iron. 

CHATEL-GUYON,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
A  village  in  France,  in  the  department  Puy-dc- 
D6me,  near  which  there  are  five  thermal  acidu- 
lous springs.     Temperature,  86°  Fahrenheit. 

GHATON  (F.),  'a  husk.'  In  pathology,  it 
means  &.fnnda  or  cavity  formed  by  the  irregular 
iti  hour-glaaa  ccntraction  of  the  uterus,  in  which 


the  placenta  is  often  retained  or  enchatonni  after 
the  birth  of  the  child.  It  is  detected  by  passing 
the  fingers  along  the  cord  as  far  as  the  part  which 
is  contracted,  when  the  placenta  wiU  not  be  dis- 
coverable. 

The  treatment  consists  in  relaxing  by  a  large 
dose  of  an  opiate,  then  passing  the  fingers  along 
the  cord,  and  gradually  dilating  the  opening 
through  which  it  passes,  until  it  permits  the  hand 
to  go  through.  The  placenta  must  then  be 
grasped  and  gently  withdrawn. 

GHATON,  Vaginal  process. 

GHATONNE,  GALGUL,  (F.)  Galeulua  irrcar. 
cera'tus,  Eucys'ted  Gal'culus,  Galcul  enkyste.  A 
urinary  calculus,  adherent  to  the  inner  surface  ' 
of  the  bladder,  so  that  it  is  immovable,  and  can- 
not pass  to  the  different  parts  of  that  organ. 
This  happens  when  calculi  form  in  some  natural 
or  accidental  cavity  of  the  bladder;  or  when  the 
organ,  by  ulceration,  gives  rise  to  fungi,  which 
surround  the  calculus ;  or  when  it  is  lodged  in 
the  orifice  of  the  ureter  or  urethra. 

GHATONNE,  PL  AGENT  A,  (F.)  The  pla- 
centa when  retained  as  above  described.  See 
Ghuton. 

GHATONNEMENT,  (F.)  Incarcera'tio,  Cha- 
tonnement  du placenta,  Enkystement. — Hour-glass 
contraction  of  the  uterus.     See  Ghaton. 

GHATOUILLEMENT,  (F.)  This  word  some- 
times means  the  action  of  ticJclinff  or  titillation 
{Titilla'tio,)  and,  at  others,  the  sensation  which 
gives  rise  to  the  action  {Pruri'tue,)  Itching. 

GHAT  RE,  Castratus. 

GHATRURE,  Castration. 

GHAUDEAU,  Caudle. 

CHAUDBBOURG,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
C.  is  three  quarters  of  a  league  from  Thionville, 
in  France.  The  waters  contain  iron,  sulphate 
of  lime,  sulphate  of  magnesia,  and  carbonate  of 
lime. 

GHA  UDEPISSE,  Gonorrhoea  impura— c.  Gor. 
die,  Gonorrhosa  cordata — c.  Tomhee  dans  let 
Bourses,  Hernia  humoralis. 

CHAUDES-AIGUES,  MINERAL  WATERS 
OF.  A  small  town  in  the  department  of  Cantal, 
France,  where  there  is  a  number  of  saline  springs 
containing  carbonic  acid,  carbonate  of  soda,  and 
chloride  of  sodium.     Temp.  190°  Fahrenheit. 

GHAUDIERE,  see  Alembic. 

CHAUFFOIR  (F.),  Linteum  Galefacto' rium. 
According  to  the  Aeademie,  a  warmed  cloth,  used 
either  for  the  purpose  of  warming  a  patient,  or 
to  apply  to  a  female  recently  delivered. 

GHAUSSE,  (F.)  Ghausse'd' Hippocrate, Blanche 
d'Hippofirate,  Man'ica  Hi'ppoc'ratis,  Man'ica. 
Hippocrates'  Sleeve.  A  conical  bag,  made  of 
flannel,  for  straining  liquids. 

GHAUSSE-TRAPPE,  Centaurea  calcitrapa, 

GHAUVETE,  Calvities. 

GHA  UX,  Calx — c.  Bichlornre  de,  Caleis  chlo- 
ridum — c.  Ghlorure  de,  Caleis  chloridum — c.  Hy- 
drochlorate  de,  Caleis  murias  —  c.  Hydrosulfate 
de,  Caleis  sulphuretum  —  c.  Muriate  de,  Caleis 
murias  —  c.  Muriate  oxigeiie  de,  Caleis  chloridum 
—  c.  Muriate  stiroxn/hie  de,  Caleis  chloridum  — 
c.  Oxichlorure  de.  Caleis  chloridum  - —  c.  Oximit- 
riate  de,  Caleis  chloriTlum  —  c.  Vive,  Calx  viva. 

CHECKER-BERRY,  Arbutus  uva  ursi. 

CHEEK.  Gena. 

CHEESE,  Sax.  cere,  (L.)  Ca'sexs,  Tyros,  Pecte, 
(F.)  Fromage.  An  aliment,  prepared  from  the 
caseous  and  oleaginous  parts  of  milk.  Fresh 
cheeses  owe  their  chief  medical  properties  to  the 
immediate  principle,  essentially  cheesy,  to  which 
the  name  cn'seum  or  ca'sein  has  been  applied. 
Those,  which  have  been  recently  salted,  are  di- 
gested with  comparative  facility.     The   flavoor 


CHEESE 


195 


CHEMOSIS 


of  cheese  is  owing  to  an  ammoniacal  caseate. 
On  the  whole,  cheese  itself  is  not  easy  of  diges- 
tion, although  it  may  stimulate  the  stomach  to 
greater  exertion,  and  thus  aid  in  the  digestion 
.of  other  substances. 

CHEESE  REjSTNET,  Galium  verum, 

CHEE'SY,  Casea'rius,  Caseo'siis,  Tyro'des,  (F.) 
Caseux  on  Gaseeux.  Having  the  nature  of  cheese. 

CREF,  Bandage  (tail.) 

CHEGOE,  Cliique. 

CHE  GEE,  Chique. 

CHEILI'TIS,  Chili' tis,  from  x^^o^j  '^  lip-' 
Inflammation  of  the  lip.     See  Chilon. 

CHBILOC'ACE,  from  x^^^°ij  '^  ^ip/  ^°<^  KaKog, 
'evil.'  Labrisul'eium.  A  disease,  characterized, 
it  is  said,  by  swelling,  induration,  and  slight  red- 
ness of  the  lips  without  inflammation ;  reputed, 
but  without  any  authority,  to  be  common  in 
England  and  Scotland,  amongst  children.  Also, 
the  thickness  of  the  upper  lip  of  scrofulous  chil- 
dren.    See  Stomacace,  and  Cancer  aquaticus. 

CHEILOCARCINO'MA,  from  x"^oy>  'a  lip,' 
and  Ka^Kii'i^jia,  'a  cancer.'     Cancer  of  the  lip. 

CHEILOMALACIA,  Cancer  aquaticus,  Sto- 
macace. 

CHEILO>r,  Chilon. 

CHEILON'CUS,  Cheilopliy'ma,  from  ;^£iAoj, 
'  lip,'  and  oyKo^,  '  swelling.'    A  swelling  of  the  lip. 

CHEILUPHYMA,  Cheiloncus. 

CHEILOPLAS'TICE,  Ghiloplas'tice,  from  x^t- 
Xof,  'lip,' and  trXacrix:;,  'forming.'  The  opera- 
tion for  an  artificial  lip. 

CHtllLOS,  Lip. 

CHEIMA,  Cold. 

CHEIMETLO]Sr,  Chilblain. 

CHEIMIA,  Rigor. 

CHEIR,  Manus. 

CHBIRAN'THUS  CHEIRI,  from  x^'P,  'the 
hand,'  and  avQoi,  '  flower.'  The  systematic  name 
of  the  Common  Yellow  Wall  Flower,  Vi'ola  lu'tea, 
Leaco'ium  lu'teum,  Keyri,  Cheiri,  (F.)  Gerofiee  ou 
Violier  jaune.  The  flowers  have  been  esteemed 
nervine,  narcotic,  and  deobstruent. 

CHEIRAP'SIA.  The  action  of  rubbing  or 
scratching,  from  ^ftp,  '  the  hand,'  and  airru,  '  I 
touch.'     A  troublesome  symptom  in  the  itch. 

CHEIRIATER,  Surgeon. 

CHEIRIS'MA,  Cheiris'mus.  The  act  of  touch- 
ing : — handling.     Any  manual  operation. 

CHEIRIXIS.  Surgery. 

CHEIRONOM'IA,  Chironom'ia,  from  x^'""' 
VQjAtisi,  '  I  exercise  with  the  hands.'  An  exercise, 
referred  to  by  Hippocrates,  which  consisted  in  using 
the  hands,  as  in  our  exercise  of  the  dumb-bells. 

CHEIROPLETHES,  Fasciculus. 

CHEIROSIS,  Subactio. 

CHELA,  Cliele.  This  word  has  several  signi- 
fications. Chela,  a  forked  probe  used  for  extract- 
ing polypi  from  the  nose.  Chela  —  chaps,  or 
cracks  on  the  feet,  organs  of  generation,  &c. 
Choice  likewise  means  claws,  especially  those  of 
the  crab.     See  Cancrorum  Chelse. 

ChbLvE  Palpebrarum,  see  Tarsus. 

CHELAPA,  Convolvulus  jalapa. 

CHELE,  Chela. 

CHELIDOINE  GRANDE,  Chelidonium  ma- 
jus — c'  Petite,  Ranunculus  ficaria. 

CHELIDON,  ;:^;cXi5uv,  the  hollow  at  the  bend 
of  the  arm;  Hirundo. 

CHELIDONIA  ROTUNDIFOLIA  MINOR, 
Ranunculus  ficaria. 

CHELIDONIUM,  Bryonia  alba— c.  Hasmato- 
des,  Ch.  majus. 

ChelidoS'iujt  Majus,  Ch.  hcemato'des,  from 
j^£Ai5u)v,  '  a  swallow,'  because  its  flowering  coin- 
cides with  the  appearance  of  the  swallow.  Pa- 
pa'ver  Cornicida'tum,  P.  lu'teum,  Common  CeV- 
andine,  Tettenoort,  (  F. )  Chelidoine  grande, 
L'Eolaire.     Family,  Papaveraceae.     Sex.  Syst. 


Polyandria  Monogynia.  The  root  and  recent 
plant  have  been  considered  aperient  and  diuretic. 
Externally,  the  juice  has  been  employed  in  some 
cutaneous  diseases. 

Chelidonium  Minus,  Ranunculus  ficaria. 

CHELIDO'NIUS  LAPIS.  A  name  given  to 
stones,  which,  it  was  pretended,  existed  in  tho 
stomach  of  young  swallows.  They  were  formerly 
believed  capable  of  curing  epUepsy. 

CHELOID^Cancroid. 

CHELO'NE,  x^^'^^it  '*  tortoise.'  An  instru- 
ment for  extending  a  limb ;  so  called,  because  in 
its  slow  motions,  it  resembled  a  tortoise. — Oriba- 
sius.     See  Testudo. 

Chelo'nb  Glabra,  Common  Snake  head,  Tur- 
tle head,  Turtle  bloom,  Shellfloxcer,  Balmony.  An 
indigenous  plant,  Sex.  Syst.  Didynamia  angio- 
spermia;  blossoming  from  July  to  November. 
The  leaves  are  bitter  and  tonic;  without  any  aro- 
matic smell,  and  with  very  little  astringeney. 

CHELO'N.IA  MYDAS,  The  Green  Tvrth. 
This  species  of  turtle  abounds  on  the  coast  of 
Florida.     It  is  the  one  so  prized  by  the  epicure. 

CHELO'NION,  Chelo'niitfti)  from  ;^£Auj');,  '  a 
tortoise,'  from  its  resembling  in  shape  the  shell 
of  that  animal.  The  upper,  gibbous  part  of  the 
back. — Gorrajus.     The  scapula. 

CHELONOPH'AGI,  from  x'^'^'^^"'  '^'^^  tor- 
toise,' and  (paydi,  '  I  eat.'  An  ancient  name  for 
certain  tribes,  who  dwelt  on  the  coasts  of  the  Red 
Sea,  and  who  lived  only  on  tortoises.  —  Pliny, 
Diodorus  of  Sicily. 

CHEL'SEA  PEN'SIONER.  An  empirical  re- 
medy for  rheumatism  and  gout,  sold  under  this 
name.  (Gum  f/uaiac,  ^j  ;  powdered  rhubarb,  ^\y, 
cream  of  tartar,  ^j  ;  Jloicers  of  siiljihur,  ^j  ;  one 
w!(<me</,  finely  powdered:  made  into  an  electuary 
with  a  pound  of  clarified  honey.)  Dose,  two 
spoonfuls. 

CHEL'TENHAM,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
C.  is  a  town  in  Gloucestershire,  England,  nine 
miles  from  Gloucester,  and  94  W.  of  London. 
Its  water  is  one  of  the  most  celebrated  natural 
purgatives  in  England.  It  is  a  saline,'acidulou3 
chalybeate,  and  is  much  frequented.  Its  main 
constituents  are  chloride  of  sodium,  sulphate  of 
soda,  sulphate  of  magnesia,  carbonic  acid  and 
carbonate  of  iron. 

Cheltenham  Salts.  These  are  sometimes 
made  from  the  waters ;  at  others,  factitiously. 
The  following  is  a  formula:  Sodii  chlorid.,  mag- 
nes.  sulphat.,  sodcR  sulph.,  aa  Ibj  :  dissolve,  filter, 
evaporate  to  dryness;  then  a.6.A  Ferri  sulph.,  "^ssi. 

Cheltenham  Water,  Artificial,  may  be 
made  of  Epsom  salt,  gr.  xij  ;  iron  flings,  gr.  j ; 
Glauber's  salt,  ^iv;  water,  4  gallons;  impreg- 
nated with  the  gas  from  marble  potcder  and  sul- 
phuric acid,  aa  ^ij. 

CHELYS,  Thorax. 

CHELYS'CION,  from  Xf^^f,  'the  chest.'-  A 
short,  dry_cough. — Galen,  Hippocrates,  Foesius. 

CHEME,  Chama,  Che'ramis.  An  ancient  mea- 
sure, equivalent  to  about  two  teaspoonfuls. 

CHEMEUTICE,  ChymisU-y. 

CHEMIA,  Chymistry. 

CHEMIATER,  Chymiater. 

CIIEMIATRIA,  Chymiatria. 

CHEMICO- HISTOLOGY,  see  Chymico-his- 
tology. 

CHEMICUS,  Chymical,  ChymisL 

CHEMIST,  Chymist. 

CHEMISTRY,  Chymistry. 

CHEMO'SIS,  from  xipi<  '^^  aperture,'  or  fi-otn 
Xvi">s>  '  a  humour.'  A  name  given  to  ophthalmia., 
when  the  conjunctiva,  surrounding  the  cornea, 
forms  a  high  ring,  making  the  cornea  seem,  as  it 
were,  at  the  bottom  of  a  well.  By  some,  it  is 
used  synonymously  w.ith  02}hthalmia.  ^,i:mbran(L. 
rum.     See  Ophthalmia. 


CHEMOTICE 


196 


CHICKEN-WATER 


CHEMOTICE,  Chymistry. 

CHEMOTICUS,  Chymical. 

CHENAY,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Che- 
nay  is  a  town  in  France,  two  leagues  from  Rheims. 
The  waters  are  chalybeate. 

CHJ&NE,  Quercus  alba — c.  Marin,  Fucus  vesi- 
culosus — c.  Petit,  Teucrium  chamsedrys — c.  Vert, 
Ilex  aquifolium. 

CHE  NEVIS,  see  Cannabis  satiya. 

CHENOBOSCON,  Potentilla  anserina. 

CHENOC'OPRUS,  from  xw,  'a  goose,'  and 
KUJTfK);,  '  dung.'  The  dung  of  the  goose  is  so  de- 
Bignated  in  some  old  Pharmacopogias.  It  was 
formerly  employed  as  a  febrifuge  and  diuretic. 

CHENOPODIUM  AMBROSIACUM,  Ch.  am- 
brosioides. 

CaENOPo'DiUM  Ambrosioi'des,  Ch.  suffructieo'- 
mtm,  from  j(,iV)  'a  goose,'  and  ttovs,  '  a  footj'  JBo- 
tri/s  Jlexica'na,  At'riplex  llexica'na,  Chenopo'- 
dium  amhrosiacnm  seu  3Iexica'nuin,  Botrys,  Am- 
hrosio'i'des  Mexica' na,  Botrya  America'na,  Arte- 
iiiis'ia  Botrys,  Jlexico  Tea,  Spanish  Tea,  (F.) 
Anserine,  The  du  3Iexique,  Amhrosie  du  Mexique. 
The  infusion  was  once  drunk  as  tea.  It  has  been 
given  in  paralytic  cases ;  and  in  the  United  States 
ii  said  to  be  used  as  an  anthelmintic  indiscrimi- 
nately with  Ch.  anthelminticum. 

Chenopo'ditjm  Anthelmin'ticum,  Chenopo'- 
dium,  Botrys  anthelmin'tica,  Wormseed,  Worm- 
(joosefoot,  Wormseed  goosefoot,  Jerusalem  Oak  of 
America,  Goosefoot,  Stinkweed,  (F.)  Anserine  an- 
thelmintique,  A.  vermifuge.  This  plant  grows 
plentifully  in  the  United  States.  The  fruit — 
Chenopodium,  (Ph. U.S.) — is  much  used  in  eases 
of  worms.  Dose  of  the  powder,  from  a  teaspoon- 
ful  to  a  tablespoonful  or  more.  The  oil,  O'leum 
Chenopo'dii,  (Ph.  U.  S.),  from  8  to  10  drops,  is 
more  frequently  exhibited.  It  is  as  much  used 
in  America  as  the  Semen  Santon'ici  is  in  England. 

Chenopo'dium  Bonus  Hbnri'cus,  Chrysolach'- 
anum,  Mereuria'lis,  Bomis  Henri' cus,  Tota  bona. 
Lap' athum  unetuo' sum,  Chenopo'dium,  Ch.  sagit- 
ia'tum,  Pes  anseri'nus,  English  Mercury,  Allgood, 
Angular-leaved  goosefoot,  (  F.  )  Anserine  Bon 
Henri,  Epinard  sauvage.  The  leaves  are  emol- 
lient, and  have  been  applied  to  ulcers,  &o.  It 
has  also  been  considered  refrigerant  and  ecco- 
protic. 

Chenopo'dium  Bothys,  Botrys,  Botrys  vulga'- 
ris,  Amhro'sia,  Artemis'ia  Chenopo'dium,  At'ri- 
plex odora'ta,  At'riplex  suav'eolens ;  the  Jerusa- 
lem Oak,  (Eng.)  (F.)  Anserine  Botrys,  possesses 
anthelmintic  properties,  and  was  once  given  in 
diseases  of  the  chest,  palsy,  <fec.     It  is  useless. 

Chenopodium  Fcetidum,  Chenopodium  vulva- 
ria — c.  Olidum,  Ch.  vulvaria. 

Chenopodium  Quinoa,  Quinua.  A  nutritious, 
■wholesome,  and  agreeable  article  of  food  with  the 
Peruvians.  The  leaves,  before  the  plant  attains 
maturity,  are  eaten  as  spinach  :  but  the  seeds  are 
most  generally  used  as  food,  boiled  in  milk  or 
broth,  and  sometimes  cooked  with  cheese  and 
►Spanish  pepper. 

Chenopodium  Sagittatum,  Ch.  Bonus  Henri- 
cas — c.  Suffructicosum,  Ch.  ambrosioides. 

Chenopodium  Vulva'ria,  At'riplex  foe'tida, 
At'riplex  ol'ida,  Vulva'ria,  Garos'mmn,  Baphex, 
Chenopo'dium  Foe'tidvm  seu  ol'idum,  Stinking 
'>rach  or  Goosefoot,  (F.)  Vxdvaire,  Arroche  pu- 
ant,  Anserine  fetide.  The  fetid  smell  has  occa- 
sioned it  to  be  used  as  an  antispasmodic  and 
iiervine. 

CHEOPINA,  Cheopine. 

CHEQUERBERRY,  Gaultheria. 

CHERAMIS,  Cheme. 

CHERBACHEM,  Veratrum  album. 

THERBAS,  Lettuce. 


CHERMES,  Kermes. 

CHERNIBIUM,  UrinaL 

CHERRY,  BIRD,  Prunus  padus  — e.  Tree, 
red,  Prunus  cerasus  —  c.  Tree,  black,  Prunua 
avium  —  c.  Tree,  wild,  Prunus  Virginian  a  —  c 
Water,  Kirschwasser  —  c.  Wild  cluster,  Prunus 
padus — c.  Winter,  Physalis. 

CHERS^,  F»ces. 

CHERVIL,  Scandix  cerefolium— c.  Wild,  Chse- 
rophyllum  sylvestre. 

CHESIS,  from  x^f'^"'?  'to  go  to  stool.'  A  more 
frequent  desire  to  evacuate  the  bowels. 

CHEST,  Thorax. 

CHEST-EXPLORATOR,  see  Explorator, 
chest. 

CHESTNUT  TREE,  Fagns  castanea. 

CHEVAUCHEMENT,  (F.)  Os'sium  wperpo- 
sit"io  vel  equita'tio,  ParaUax'is,  Parallag'mcu 
The  riding  of  one  bone  over  another  after  frao- 
ture,  giving  rise  to  shortening  of  the  limb.  See 
Riding  of  Bones. 

CHEVELURE,  Scalp. 

CHEVESTRE,  Chevetre,  Capis'trum,  from 
eajjut,  '  the  head.'  A  bandage,  applied  round 
the  head  in  cases  of  fracture  or  luxation  of  the 
lower  jaw.  According  to  the  mode  in  which  it  is 
made,  it  is  called  simple,  double,  ohliqne,  Ac. 

CHEVEU,  Capillus. 

CHEVILLE  DU  PIED,  Malleolus. 

CHEVRE-FEVILLE,  Lonicera  pericly- 
menum. 

CHEYLETUS  SCABIEI,  see  Psora. 

CHEZANAN'CE,  from  xk'^)  '^  go  to  stool,' 
and  avayKrj,  'necessity.'  An  ointment  composed 
of  honey  and  alum,  and  rubbed  on  the  anus  to 
occasion  evacuation. — Paulus  of  .Slgina. 

CHIA,  Chia  terra,  iiova.  Chios,  an  island  where 
it  was  found.  A  kind  of  white  earth,  formerly 
used  for  burns. — Galen. 

CHI'ACUM  COLLYR'IUM.  A  eoUyrium  con- 
sisting  of  several  drugs  and  Chian  wine. — Paulus 
of  iEgina. 

CHIADUS,  Furunculus. 

CHIAS'MUS,  Ohias'ma,  Chiasm,  from  x^'^i'^f 
to  form  like  the  letter  x-  The  crucial  union  of 
parts, — as  the  optic  commissure  or  chiasm  of  the 
optic  nerves, — Chiaa'mus  seu  Chias'ma  nervo'rum 
optico'ruTU. 

CHIASTER,  Kiaster. 

CHIAS'TOS.     Same  etymon.     A  bandage  so 
called  because  it  resembles  the  letter  X'  —  ^ri-  - 
basins. 

CHIBOU,  see  Bursera  gummifera. 

CHICHA.  A  drink  made  in  Peru  with  Indian 
meal  dried  in  the  sun,  and  fermented  with  water. 
Its  taste  is  that  of  bad  cider.  It  is  also  made 
from  rice,  peas,  barley,  Ac. 

CHICKEN-BREASTED,  see  Lordosis. 

CHICKEN -BROTH.  When  chicken-tea  is 
boiled  down  one-half,  with  the  addition  of  a  little 
parsley  or  celery,  and  the  yolk  of  an  egg  previ- 
ously beaten  up  in  two  ounces  of  soft  water,  it 
forms  a  soup  much  relished  by  the  convalescent. 

CHICKEN-PEPPER,  Ranunculus  abortivus. 

CHICKENPOX,  Varicella. 

CHICKEN-TEA,  Chicken-water.  This  maybe 
prepared  as  follows  :  Take  a  small  chicken,  freed 
from  the  skin  and  fat  between  the  muscles ;  and, 
having  divided  it  longitudinally,  remove  the 
lungs,  liver,  and  every  thing  adhering  to  the 
back  and  side-bones  :  cut  the  whole — bones  and 
muscles  —  into  very  thin  slices;  put  into  a  pan 
with  a  suflBcient  quantity  of  boiling  water;  cover 
the  pan;  and  simmer  with  a  slow  fire  for  two 
hours.  Put  the  pan  upon  the  stove  for  half  an 
hour,  and  strain  through  a  sieve. 

Used  where  the  lijrhtest  animal  diet  is  indicated. 

CHICKEN-WATER,  Chicken-tea. 


CHICKWEED 


197 


CHIRONIA 


CHICKWEED,  Alsine  media. 

OmOOREE  BBS  JARDINS,  Cichorium  en- 
divia — c.  Sauvage,  Cichorium  intybus. 

GRIENDENT,  Triticum  repens. 

CHIGGO,  CMqiie. 

CHIGGRE,  Chique. 

CHIGOE,  Chique. 

CHIL'BLAIN,  Per'nlo,  Bugan'tia,  Erythe'ma 
Per'nio,  Erythe'ma  &  Fri'gore,  Cheimet'lon,  Chi- 
met'lum,  Cht'mon,  ilalce,  from  chill,  '  cold,'  and 
Main,  'a  pustule.'  (F.)  Engelure.  An  erythe- 
matous inflammation  of  the  feet, — hands,  &e., 
occasioned  by  cold.  It  is  very  common  in  youth 
— not  so  in  the  adult  or  in  advanced  age.  It  is 
apt  to  degenerate  into  painful,  indolent  ulcera- 
tions, called  Kihes.  Chilblains  are  prevented  by 
accustoming  the  parts  to  exposure ;  and  are 
treated  by  stimulant,  terebinthinate  and  balsamic 
washes,  ointments,  and  liniments. 

CHILD-BEARING,  Parturition. 

CHILD-BED,  Parturient. 

CHILD-BED  FEVER,  Puerperal  fever. 

CHILD-BIRTH,  Parturition. 

CHILD-CROWING,  Asthma  thymicum. 

CHILDHOOD,  Infancy. 

CHILD-MURDER,  Infanticide, 

CHILDREN'S  BANE,  Cicuta  maculata. 

CHILI,  see  Lima. 

CHILI,  MINERAL  "WATERS  OF.  The  most 
celebrated  mineral  springs  of  Chili,  in  South  Ame- 
rica, are  those  of  Peldehues  and  Cauquenes.  The 
former  are  not  far  from  St.  Jago.  They  consist 
of  two  springs,  one  thermal,  the  other  cold.  The 
hot  spring  is  clear,  inodorous,  and  contains  soda 
and  carbonic  acid.  The  cold  spring  contains  iron 
and  sulphate  of  soda.  Cauquenes  is  much  re- 
sorted to  by  invalids  during  the  summer.  Mine- 
ral waters  are  very  common  in  Chili. 

CHILIOGRAMMA,  Kilogramme. 

CHILIOPHYLLON,  Achillea  millefolium. 

CHILITES,  Cheilitis. 

CHILL,  Rigor. 

CHI'LON,  Chei'lon,  Cheili'tis,  from  ;^£iXoy,  'a 
lip.'  Inflammation  of  the  lips.  —  Vogel.  One 
who  has  a  thick  lip  ;  Laheo,  Labes. 

CHILOPLASTICE,  Cheiloplastice. 

CHIMAPHILA,  Pyrola  umbellata. 

CHIMETLUM,  Chilblain. 

CHIMIA,  Chymistry. 

CHIMIATER,  Chymiater. 

CHIMIATRIA,  Chymiatria. 

CHIMIE,  Chymistry. 

CHIMISTE,  Chymist. 

CHIMON,  Chilblain,  Cold. 

CHINA,  Cinchona,  Smilax  china  —  c.  Ameri- 
can or  West  India,  Smilax  pseudo-china — c.  Oc- 
eidentalis,  Smilax  pseudo-china  —  c.  Orientalis, 
Smilax  china  —  c.  Ponderosa,  Smilax  china  —  c. 
Root,  Smilax  china  —  c.  Spuria  nodosa,  Smilax 
pseudo-china — e.  Vera,  Smilax  china. 

CHINCAPIN,  Fagus  castanea  pumila  —  c. 
Water,  Nelumbium  luteum. 

CHINCHE,  Cimex. 

CHINCHINA,  Cinchona. 

CHINCHUNCHULLI,  lonidium  marcucci. 

CHINCOUGH,  Pertussis. 

CHINESE,  MEDICINE  OF  THE,  Jfedici'na 
Sin'ica.  Medicine  has  been  long,  but  most  im- 
perfectly, practised  by  the  Chinese.  From  their 
therapeutics  we  have  obtained  the  old  operations 
of  acupuncture  and  moxibustion. 

CHING'S  WORM  LOZENGES,  see  Worm 
Lozensjes,  Ching's. 

CHININUM,  Quinine.     See  Chinium. 

CHINIO'tDINE,  Chino'Uine,  Chinoidi'na, 
Quindidine;  from  China,  'Cinchona.'  A  substance 
presumed  to  be  an  alkaloid  by  Sertiirner,  who 
separated  it  from  cinchona.     It  has  been  sup- 


posed to  be  a  mixture  of  quinia.,  cinchonia,  and  a 
peculiar  resinous  matter,  but  according  to  Liebig 
it  is  simply  the  alkaloid  quinia  in  an  amorphous 
state. 

CHINIUM  ACETICUM,  Quinise  acetas  — c. 
Arsenicosum,  Quiniae  arsenias — c.  Citricum,  Qui- 
niiB  citras — c.  Ferrocyanogenatum,  Quiniae  Fer- 
rocyanas  —  c.  Hydrochloricum,   Quiniis,  murias 

—  c.  Hydroiodicum,  Quiniae  hydriodas  —  c.  Lac- 
ticum,  Quiniae  lactas  —  c.  Muriaticum,  Quiniae 
murias  —  c.  Nitricum,  Quiniae  nitras  —  c.  Phos- 
phoricum,  Quiniae  phosphas  —  c.  Salitum,  Qui- 
nia  murias  —  c.  Sulphuricum,    Quiniae   sulphas 

—  c.  Tannicum,  Quinise  et  Cinch onias  tannas — 
c.  Valerianicum,  Quiniae  valerianas. 

CHINNEYWEED,  Lichen  roecella, 

CHINOLEINUM,  Leukoleinum. 

CHINQUAPIN,  Fagus  castanea  pumila. 

CHINWHELK,  Sycosis. 

CHIOCOCCiE  RADIX,  Caincas  radix. 

CHIOLI,  Furunculus. 

CHION,  Snow. 

CHIQUE,  (F.)  Puce  penitrante,  Pulex  Pen', 
etrans.  Tick,  Chiggre,  Chig'oe,  Chiggo,  Chegre, 
Cheg'oe,  Jigger.  A  small  insect  in  America  and 
the  Antilles,  which  gets  under  the  epidermis,  and 
excites  great  irritation. 

CHIR,  Manus. 

CHIRAETA,  Gentiana  chirayta. 

CHI'RAGRA,  from  x^'-P'  'tand,'  and  aypa,  'a 
seizure.'     Gout  in  the  hand. 

CHIRAPOTHECA,  Arsenal. 

CHIRAPSIA,  Friction. 

CHIRAP.,THRI'TIS,  from  ^ap,  'hand,'  agG^ov, 
'joint,'  and  itis,  denoting  inflammation.  Inflam- 
mation of  the  joints  of  the  hand. 

CHIRAYITA,  Gentiana  chirayta, 

CHIRAYTA,  Gentiana  chirayta. 

CHIRETTA,  Gentiana  chirayta. 

CHIRHEUMA,  Chirrheuma. 

CHIRIATER,  Surgeon. 

CHIRIATRIA,  Surgery. 

CHIRIMOYA,  Anona  tripetala. 

CHIBISIS,  Surgery. 

CHIRISMUS,  Surgery. 

CHIRIXIS,  Surgery. 

CHIROCYRTO'SIS,  from  x^^9>  't^e  hand,' 
and  (cupruxTtj,  '  crookedness.'  Crookedness  of  the 
hand. 

CHI'ROMANCY,  CMromanti'a,  Vaticin'ium, 
chiroman' ticum,  Palm'istry,  from  ^tip,  'the  hand,' 
and  fiavraa,  '  divination.'  (E.)  Chiromancie.  Art 
of  divining  by  inspection  of  the  hand. 

CHIRONAX,  Surgeon. 

CHIRO'NIA,  (from  Chiron,  Xcigov,  the  Cen- 
taur, who  is  said  to  have  discovered  its  use.)  A 
genus  of  plants.     Fam.  Gentianeee. 

Chiro'nia  Angtila'ris,  Amer'ican  Cen'taury, 
Rosepink,  Wild  Suc'cory,  Bitterbloom,  Centry, 
Sahha'tia,  S.  Angula'ria.  Every  part  of  this 
plant  is  a  pure  and  strong  bitter,  which  property 
is  communicated  alike  to  alcohol  and  water.  It 
is  used  as  a  tonic  and  stomachic. 

Chiro'nia  Centau'rium,  Centau'rium  mimw 
seu  vulga're,  Centau'rium  parvum,  Gentia'na  cen- 
tau'rium seu  Gerar'di,  Centnu' rium  minus,  Ery- 
thrce'a  Centau'rium,  Hippocentaitrea  ceiitau'rium, 
Centau'reum,  Centau'ris,  Smaller  Cent'aury,  Les- 
ser Centaury,  (F.)  Centauree  petite.  The  tops  of 
the  lesser  Centaury,  Centau'rii  Cacu'mina,  aro 
aromatic  and  tonic,  and  are  sometimes  employed 
as  such. 

Chiro'nia  Chilen'sis,  Gentia'na  Cachen- 
lahuen,  Cachen-laguen,  Chachinlagua,  Chancela- 
gua,  Erythres'a  Chilensis,  Gentia'na  Pemvia'na, 
A  very  bitter  plant,  indigenous  in  ChMi.  It  pos- 
sesses the  virtues  of  the  ChironecB.  Given  ini  in- 
fusion— (^j,  to  water  Oj.) 


CHIRONItJM 


1'98 


CHLOROSIS 


CHIRO?ri'UM,  from  ^eioov,  'bad,  malignant.' 
An  ulcer  difficult  of  cure  :  —  of  a  swollen,  hard, 
and  callous  nature.  —  Galen.  Some  have  sup- 
posed the  word  to  come  from  Chiron,  the  Cen- 
taur, who  was  unable  to  cure  such  ulcers. 

CHIRONOMIA,  Cheironomia. 

CHIROP'ODIST,  (F.)  Pedicure.  One  who 
treats  diseases  of  the  hands  and  feet,  or  rather 
•whose  profession  it  is  to  remove  corns  and  bun- 
yons  ;  from  X£ip,  '  the  hand,'  and  ttouj,  'the  foot.' 

CHIRORRHEUMA,  Chirrheuma. 

CIIIR03IS,  Subactio. 

CHIROSTROPHO'SIS,  from  ij^np,  'the  hand,' 
and  o-rp£^£(v,  '  to  turn.'     Distortion  of  the  hand. 

CHIROTHE'CA,  from  x^P^  '^^^  hand,'  and 
OvKn,  '  a  sheath.'  A  bandage  for  the  hand.  A  kind 
of  bandage  in  which  the  fingers  and  hand  are 
enveloped  in  spiral  turns.  When  the  whole  hand 
and  fingers  are  covered,  it  is  called  the  double  or 
complete  Chirofheca,  Ch.  cornple'ta,  Vinctu'ra 
omnibus  dig"itia ;  and  when  only  a  finger  is 
covered,  the  half  or  incomplete,  Ch.  incomjde'ta, 
Vinctu'ra  pro  uno  diy"ito.     See  Gantelet. 

CHIROTRI'BIA,  from  ^np,  'the  hand,'  and 
rptjSu),  '  I  rub.'  Friction  with  the  hand.  Accord- 
ing to  others,  dexterity  in  an  art.  —  Hippocrates, 
Galen. 

CHIRRHEU'MA,  Chirorrheu'ma,  Rhetmatis'- 
VIH8  manus,  from  %£ip,  'the  hand,'  and  pevjia,  'flux.' 
Rheumatism  of  the  hand. 

CHIRURGEON,  Surgeon. 

CHIRURGI  PHYSICI,  see  Surgeon. 

CHIRURGIA,  Surgery  —  c.  Anaplastica,  Mo- 
rioplastice — c.  Curtorum,  Morioplastice — c.  Infu- 
soria, Infusion  of  medicines  —  c.  Transfusoria, 
Transfusion. 

CHIRURGICUS,  Surgical. 

GHFRURGIE,  Surgery — c.  3Iilitaire,  Surgery, 
military. 

CHIRURGIEN,  Surgeon— c.  Gonsultant,  Con- 
sulting Surgeon — c.  Hernieux,  see  Hernial. 

CHIRURGIQUE,  Surgical. 

CHIRURGUS,  Surgeon. 

CniST.  An  Arabic  word  which  signifies  the 
sixth  part.  The  sixth  part  of  the  Congiua  or 
gallon. 

CHITON,  Tunic. 

CHITONISCUS,  Indusium. 

CHITTICK'S  NOSTRUM,  see  Nostrum. 

CHIUM  VINUM.  From  Chios,  the  island 
where  it  was  produced;  Chian  wine ;  used  by  the 
physicians  of  antiquity  in  cases  of  defluxions  and 
ophthalmise. — Scribonius  Largus. 

CHLI'AROS,  x^iapog,  'tepid.'  A  name  given 
to  slight  fevers,  in  which  the  heat  is  not  great. — 
Galen. 

CHLIAS'MA,  xKiaajia,  same  etymon.  A  tepid 
and  moist  fomentation. — Hippocrates. 

CHLOAS'MA,  Pityri'aais  versic'olor,  Mac'- 
ula  hepat'ica,  Pannus  hepat'icus,  Hepat'izon, 
Phaze,  Pha'cea,  Phacus,  (F.)  Taches  hepatirpies, 
Ch^xleurs  du  foie,  Ephelide  scorbutique,  Liver- 
spot,  from  x^'"">'  '^  greenish-yellow  colour.'  A 
cutaneous  affection,  characterized  by  one  or  more 
broad,  irregular-shaped  patches,  of  a  yellow  or 
yellowish-brown  colour,  occurring  most  fre- 
quently on  the  front  of  the  neck,  Isreast,  abdo- 
men, and  groins.  The  patches  do  not  generally 
rise  above  the  surface.  There  is  usually  some 
degree  of  itching. 

The  causes  are  not  very  evident.  Sulphur  ex- 
ternally—  in  any  and  every  form — generally  re- 
TOoves  it  speedily.  Should  there  be  difficulty, 
tne  external  use  of  the  remedy  in  baths  or  fumi- 
jCations  may  succeed. 

CHLORA,  Chlorine. 

CHLORAS  KALICUS  DEPURATUS,  Po- 
«a>.«8S&  murlas  hyperoxygenatus. 


CHLORASMA,  Chlorosis. 

CHLORE,  Chlorine — c.  Liqtiide,  see  Chlorine. 

CHLORETUM  CALC ARIiE,  Calcis  chloridum. 

CHLORIASIS,  Chlorosis. 

CHLORIC  ETHER,  CONCENTRATED,  see 
Ether,  chloric  —  c.  Ether,  Strong,  see  Ether, 
chloric. 

CHLORINE,  from  ;:^;X(dpoy,  'green.'  Chlo'rimtm, 
Chlorin'iuin,  Chlorci,  Ox-ymttriat'ic  Acid  Gas, 
Oxyrjenated  Muriatic  Acid  Gns,  Dephlogisticated 
Marine  Acid,  Hal' ogene,  Mu'rigene,  Ghlorum,  (F.) 
Chlore.  So  far  as  we  know,  this  is  an  element- 
ary substance.  It  is  a  greenish,  yellow  gas,  of 
a  strong  suffocating  smell,  and  disagreeable  taste; 
incapable  of  maintaining  combustion  and  respira- 
tion, and  very  soluble  in  water.  One  of  its  cha- 
racteristics is,  that  of  destroying,  almost  imme- 
diately, all  vegetable  and  animal  colours.  It  is 
employed  in  fumigations  as  a  powerful  disinfect- 
ing agent.  A  yqtj  dilute  solution,  Aqua  sen  Li- 
quor Chlo'rini,  (F.)  Chlore  liqiiide,  has  been  ad- 
ministered internally,  in  certain  cases  of  diarrhoea 
and  chronic  dysentery.  Immersion  of  the  hands 
and  arms  in  it  has  often  removed  itch  and  other 
cutaneous  affections.  It  has  also  been  inhaled  in 
a  dilute  state  in  the  early  stage  of  phthisis,  but  it 
is  of  doubtful  efiBcacy,  and  is  better  adapted  for 
chronic  bronchitis. 

Chlorine,  Bistjlphtiret  of.  Sulphur,  chlo- 
ride of. 

CHLO'ROFORM,  Chloroform' um,  Carbo'tieum 
chlora'tnm,  Superchlo'ridnm  formyl'icnm,  Per- 
chloride  and  Terchloride  of  Forniyl,  called  also, 
but  not  correctly,  Terchloride  of  Carbon,  and 
Chloric  ether,  JEther  chlo'ricus,  (F.)  Ohloroformc, 
so  called  on  account  of  the  connexion  of  chlorine 
with  formic  acid,  is  a  colourless,  oleaginous 
liquid,  of  a  sweetish  ethereal  odour,  hot,  aroma- 
tic, and  peculiar  taste.  The  specifie  gravitj'  of 
that  of  the  Ph.  U.  S.  is  1.49.  It  may  be  ob- 
tained by  distilling  from  a  mixture  of  chlorinated 
lime  and  alcohol, — rectifying  the  product  by  re- 
distillation, first  from  a  great  excess  of  chlori- 
nated lime,  and  afterwards  from  strong  sulphuric 
acid.  It  has  been  used  with  advantage  in  asthma, 
and  in  diseases  in  which  a  grateful  soothing  agent 
is  required.  Dose,  f^ss  to  fgj.  diluted  with  water. 
It  has  likewise  been  prescribed  with  great  success 
as  an  anaesthetic  agent  in  spasmodic  diseases : 
and  to  obtund  sensibility  in  surgical  operations 
and  in  parturition, — especially  in  the  way  of  in- 
halation ;  but  its  use  requires  caution.  See 
Anaesthetic. 

Chloroform,  Tincture  op,  Ether,  chloric. 

CHLOROFORMIZA'TION,  CA/o?-o/orw)-«a'!!/o. 
The  aggregate  of  anesthetic  phenomena  occa- 
sioned by  the  inhalation  if  chloroforin. 

CHLOROPHYLLE,  Fecula,  green. 

CHLORO'SIS,  from  x\moq,  'green,'  Pal'lidus 
Morbus,  Fadus  Vir'ginum  color,  Pal'lidus  color 
virrjin'eus,  Pallidus  morbus,  Pallor  vir'ginum, 
Icterit"ia  alba,  Ic' terns  albus,  Lencopathi'a,  Mor- 
bus virgin'evs,  3Iorbua  Parthen'ius,  Fcedi  col'o'rea, 
Dyspep'sia  chloro'sis,  Fehria  amato'ria,  Cachexia 
vir'ginum,  Febris  vir'ginum,  Febris  alba,  Anepi- 
thym'ia  chloro'sis,  Chloras'ma,  Chloros'ma,  Chlo- 
ri'asis,  Citto'ais,  Green-sickness,  (F.)  Chlorose, 
Pdles-couleurs.  A  disease  which  affects  young 
females,  more  particularly  those  who  have  not 
menstruated.  It  is  characterized  by  a  pale,  lurid 
complexion,  languor,  listlessness,  depraved  ap- 
petite and  digestion,  palpitation,  Ac.  Tlie  dis- 
ease generally  goes  off  on  the  occurrence  of  the 
menstrual  flux ;  but  sometimes  it  is  long  before 
this  is  established,  and,  at  times,  the  catamenia 
are  in  much  larger  quantity  than  usual.  To  this 
last  form  M.  Trousseau  has  given  the  name  chlo- 
rose hemorrhagiqite. 


CIILOROSMA 


199 


CHOLERA 


The  Wood  of  chlorosis  is  generally  thin,  light- 
coloured,  and  deficient  in  red  corpuscles  ;  and  the 
clot  is  in  less  proportion  to  the  serum  than  in 
health.  On  auscultation,  a  bellows'  sound  has 
been  almost  invariably  detected  over  the  heart, 
and  a  continuous  blowing  sound  in  the  larger 
arteries,  (especially  the  carotids  and  subclavians,) 
re-enforced  by  each  systole  of  the  ventricle,  and 
resembling  the  buzzing  of  a  humming-top,  the 
cooing  of  doves,  the  whistling  of  air  through  a 
key-hole,  &c.,  (see  Bruit.)  Very  similar  sounds 
are  heard  in  the  arteries  after  copious  hemor- 
rhage :  they  seem,  therefore,  to  coincide  with  en- 
feebled circulation. 

Tonics  —  as  iron — are  usually  required  in  the 
treatment,  —  the  disease  most  commonly  occur- 
ring in  those  in  whom  there  is  considerable  torpor 
of  the  system. 

Chlorosis  ^thiopum,  Chthonophagia  —  c. 
Amatoria,  Hectic  fever  —  c.  Gigantea,  see  Poly- 
sarcia. 

CHliOROSMA,  Chlorosis. 

CHLOROT'IC,  CUorot'icus,  (F.)  Chlorotiqwe. 
Ati'ected  with  chlorosis,  or  pertaining  to  chlorosis; 
— as  Morotie  female,  chlorotic  si/mptotiis,  &c. 

CHLORUM,  Chlorine. 

VHLORURE  BE  CARBON,  Chloroform  — 
c.  d'Or,  Gold,  Muriate  of. 

CHLORURETUM  OXIDI  CALCII,  Calcis 
chloridum. 

CHOA,  Chu. 

CHOA'CUM  EMPLAS'TRUM  NIGRUM.  A 
black  plaster,  mentioned  by  Celsus,  and  composed 
of  equal  parts  of  litharge  and  resin.  The  litharge 
was  first  boiled  in  oil. 

CHOAK,  Cynanche  trachealis  —  c.  Wolf,  Ly- 
oanehe. 

CHOANA,  Pelvis  —  c.  Cerebri,  Infundibulum 
of  the  brain. 

CHOANE,  Infundibulum. 

CHOANORRHAGIA,  Epistaxis. 

CHOAVA,  Coffea  Arabica. 

CHOCOLATA,  Chocolate — c.  cum  Osmazoma, 
see  Osmazome. 

CHOCOLATE,  Chocola'tum,  Chocola'ta,  Suc- 
cola'ta,  SuccocoUa'ta.  Dr.  Alston  says,  that  this 
word  is  compounded  from  two  East  Indian 
words  :  —  choco,  '  sound,'  and  atte,  '  water,'  be- 
cause of  the  noise  made  in  its  preparation.  An 
alimentary  paste  prepared  from  the  kernels  of 
Theobro'ma  cacao  or  Cacao,  with  sugar,  and 
often  aromatics.  (See  Cacao.)  The  chocolate 
thus  simply  prepared — as  it  is  met  with,  indeed, 
in  commerce  —  is  called  in  France  Chocolat  de 
eante.     It  is  not  very  easy  of  digestion. 

The  chocolat  d  la  vanille  contains  three  ounces 
of  vanilla  and  two  o{  cinnamon  to  twenty  pounds 
of  common  chocolate.  The  addition  of  the  aro- 
matic renders  it  somewhat  more  digestible.  Cho- 
colates may  likewise  be  medicated. 

CHOCOLATE,  OSMAZOME,  see  Osmazome. 

CHOCOLATE  ROOT,  Geum  Virginianum. 

CHOCUS,  Chu. 

CHCBNICIS,  Trepan. 

CHCENION,  Cord. 

CHCENOS,  Cord. 

CHCERAS,  Scrofula. 

CHOIROS,  Vulva. 

CHOKE  DAMP,  Carbonic  acid. 

CHOLA,  Chole. 

CHOL^'MIA;  from  ;^oX»?,  'bile,'  and  'aifia, 
'  blood.'  A  morbid  state,  in  which  bile  exists  in 
the  blood.     Jaundice. 

CHOLAGO,  Cholas. 

CHOL'AGOGUE,  Gholacio'cjus,  Chole'gos,  Fel- 
lid'ucu8',  Bilit'icus,  from  ;\;oX;?,  '  bile,'  and  ayw,  '  I 
expel.'  The  ancients  gave  this  name  to  cathar- 
(ieS|  which  were  reputed  to  cause  the  flow  of  bile. 


CHOLANSIS,  Cholosis. 

CHOLAS,  X"^'^^'  pl«r.  ;^oXa5£y.  The  tpigastrifl 
region.     Chola'go.     The  intestines. — Homer. 

GHOLASMA,  Cholosis. 

CHOLE,  Cholus,  Chola,  'bile,'  in  composition. 
Hence : 

CHOLEC'CHYSIS,  Oholen'chysis ;  horn  xo\^, 
'bile,'  and  cy;n;u(rts,  'effusion.'    Effusion  of  bile. 

CHOLECYST,  Gall-bladder. 

CHOLECYSTEURYS'MA,  from  ^oXv,  'bile,' 
Kvarts,  '  bladder,'  and  £t)puo-/ja,  '  dilatation.'  Dila- 
tation of  the  gall-bladder. 

CHOLECYSTI'TIS,  Inflamma'tio  Vesi'cwffll'^ 
ecB,  I.  cyst'idis  fell'ecB,  Cysti'tie  fel'lea,  Hejyati'tin 
cyst'ica,  from  x^^i'  'bile,'  and  Kto-nj,  'bladder.' 
(F.)  Injlamniatiun  de  la  Vesicide  du  Fid,  ChoU- 
cystite.     Inflammation  of  the  gall-bladder. 

CHOL'EDOCH,  Choled'ochus ;  from  Xfi^^V, 
'  bile,'  and  6oxoi,  '  containing  or  receiving.' 
The  Ductus  choledochus  sen  hep'ato-cys'ticun, 
Ductus  conimunia  choledochus,  (P.)  Conduit  ou 
Canal  Choledoque,  is  the  duct  formed  by  the 
union  of  the  hepatic  and  cystic  ducts,  which  pours 
the  hepatic  and  cystic  bile  into  the  duodenum. 

CHOLEDOCI'TIS,  from  choledochus,  and  itia; 
a  suflix  denoting  inflammation.  Inflammation 
of  the  choledoch  duct. 

CHOLEDOG'RAPHY,  choledogra'phia,  Cho- 
legruph'ia,  Cholor/raph'ia,  from  X°^^'  '  bile,'  and 
Ypafeiv,  'to  describe.'  A  descrii^tion  of  what  re- 
lates to  the  bile  and  biliary  organs. 

CHOLEDOL'OGY,  Choledolog"ia,  Chole- 
log"ia,  Chololog"ia,  from  x°^'>^  '  bile,'  and  Aoyos, 
'  a  discourse.'  A  treatise  on  the  bile  and  biliary 
organs. 

CHOLEGOS,  Cholagogue. 

CHOLEGRAPHIA,  Choledography. 

CHOLEH^MIA,  Icterus. 

CHOLEIA,  Claudication. 

CHOLELITHIA,  Cysthepatolithiasis— c.  Icte- 
rus, Icterus. 

CHOLELITHIASIS,  Cysthepatolithiasis. 

CHOLELITHUS,  Calculi,  biliary. 

CHOLELOGIA,  Choledology. 

CHOLEMES'IA,  Cholem'esis,  from  X''^1> 
'  bile,'  and  ^ncctig,  '  vomiting.'     Vomiting  of  bile. 

CHOLENCHYSIS,  Cholecchysis. 

CHOLEPYRA,  Fever,  bilious. 

CHOLEPYRETUS,  Fever,  bilious. 

CHOLEPYRRHIN,  see  Bile. 

CHOLER,  Bile.  Anger  was  supposed  to  he 
produced  by  a  superabundance  of  bile;  hence 
the  term  Choler  for  anger. 

CHOL'ERA,  Chol'era-morhus,  Cholera  nostras^ 
Cholera  vulga'ris,  Spjorad'ic  Chol'era,  Choler- 
rha'gia,  Pas'sio  choler'ica,  Fellif'lua  pasbio,  Mor- 
bus fellif'luus,  Hol'era,  Bilis  flux'io,  (F.)  Cholu- 
dree  lymphatique,  Hydrocholadree,  Choler a-mor- 
hus  sporadique,  Ch.  Europe' en,  Trovsse-galant, 
from  ;\;oAi7,  'bile,'  and  peu,  'I  flow.'  According 
to  others,  from  ;:^;oXa5£f,  '  intestines,'  or  from  yo- 
\tpa,  '  the  gutter  of  a  house  to  carry  off  the  rain.' 
The  higher  degrees  have  been  called  Ccntrogan- 
gli'i'tis,  and  ITyeli-^anglii'tis.  A  disease  charac- 
terized by  anxiety,  gripings,  spasms  in  the  legs 
and  arms,  and  by  vomiting  and  purgir.g  (gene- 
rally bilious  :)  vomiting  and  purging  ars,  indeed, 
the  essential  symptoms.  The  disease  is  most 
common  in  hot  climates,  —  and  in  temperate  cli-. 
mates,  during  summer.  In  India,  Spasmod^iu 
chol'era,  Asiat'ic  cholera,  3lalig'nant  ch.,  In'diiin 
ch.,  Epidem'ic  ch.,  Pestilen'tial  ch.,  Asphyjc'ia 
pestilen'ta,  Pestilen'tial  asphyx'ia,  Choi' eric  Pest'- 
Hence,  Eastern  ch.,  Orien'tal  ch..  Cholera  orient 
tu'lis,  Ch.  In'dica,  Ch.  Epidem'ica,  Typhus  Ben-- 
galen'sis,  Choi' ero-typhus,  Ganglioni'tis  jierxpher' - 
tea  et  medulla' ri 8,  Hymenoganglii'tis,  Pantof/tm- 
ylii'tis,  Cholerrhm'a    lymphat'ica,  Psorenttr't\*  / 


CHOLERAIC 


200 


CHOSTDROID 


Typhoid  Fever  of  India,  Cholera  asphyxia,  Hy- 
peranthrax'ia,  Enterop'yra  Asiat'ica,  Trisplanch' - 
Ilia,  Trisplanchni'tis,  Hmmataporrho' sis,  Hama- 
torrho'sis,  llorbus  oryzeus,  Malignant  Cholera, 
Convulsive  nervous  Cholera,  Rice  disease,  (because 
supposed,  by  Tytler  to  be  caused  by  damaged 
rice,)  (F.)  Mort  de  Chien,  is  frightful  in  the  ra- 
pidity of  its  progress,  the  patient  sometimes  dying 
in  a  few  hours  from  the  first  outset.  In  temperate 
climates,  common  cholera  is  not  usually  a  disease 
of  much  consequence.  It  requires  that  the  sto- 
mach and  bowels  should  be  cleared,  and  after- 
wards the  irritation  be  allayed  by  full  doses  of 
opium.  In  the  malignant  cholera  of  India,  bleed- 
ing at  the  outset,  without  regard  to  the  signs  of 
apparent  depression,  and  large  doses  of  calomel, 
With  opiates,  form  the  great  reliance  of  the  prac- 
titioner.   ^  , 

GHOLERA-EUROPEEN,  see  Cholera— c. 
Indian,  see  Cholera — c.  Indica,  see  Cholera. 

Cholera  Infan'tum,  Chol'eric  Fever  of  In- 
fants ;  Cholera  of  Infants.  A  disease  so  termed 
by  American  physicians.  It  occurs,  generally, 
in  the  middle  states  of  the  Union,  in  June  or 
July,  and  continues  during  the  hot  weather, 
hence  called  the  'summer  complaint.'  The  chief 
symptoms  are  vomiting,  purging  of  green  or 
yellow  matter,  slime  or  blood,  attended  with  pain 
or  uneasiness;  and  swelling  of  the  abdomen,  with 
some  pyrexia,  generally.  The  heat  of  the  wea- 
ther seems  to  be  the  predisposing,  if  not  the  ex- 
citing, cause.  It  is  a  fatal  disease  in  towns ;  dif- 
fering little,  if  at  all,  from  what  is  vulgarly  called 
the  Watery  Gripes  in  England.  Clearing,  gently, 
the  alimentary  canal,  so  as  to  remove  the  offend- 
ing matter,  and  then  exhibiting  chalk  mixture 
and  laudanum,  with  counter-irritants,  as  sina- 
pisms to  the  abdomen,  is  the  most  satisfactory 
plan  of  treatment. 

Choleba,  Malignant,  see  Cholera — c.  Morbus, 
Cholera  —  c.  llorhus  Sporadique,,  see  Cholera  — 
c.  Nostras,  Cholera  morbus — e.  Oriental,  see  Cho- 
lera— c.  Pestilential,  see  Cholera — c.  Poison,  see 
Poison — c.  Spasmodic,  see  Cholera — c.  Sporadic, 
see  Cholera — c.  Sec,  Cholera  sicca — c.  Vulgaris, 
Cholera  morbus. 

Chol'eka  Sicca,  (F.)  Cholera  sec.  Pneuma- 
tosis of  the  digestive  passages  in  which  there  is  a 
copious  discharge  of  gas  upwards  and  downwards. 

CHOLERAIC,  Choleric. 

CHOLERAPHOBIA,  Choleromania. 

CHOL'ERIC,  Gholer'iciis.  Belonging  to  bile ; 
also  to  cholera;  Cholera' ic,  —  as  the  ^choleric  or 
choleraic  virus.'  The  French  use  the  term  Fievre 
choleriqne  for  the  fever  accompanying  cholera. 

Choleric  Fever  of  Infants,  Cholera  infan- 
tum. 

Choleric  Temperament.  The  bilious  tem- 
perament. 

CHOL'ERINE.  A  diminutive  of  cholera. 
The  first  stage  of  epidemic  cholera;  also,  the 
precursory  symptoms  of  cholera. 

CHOL'EROID,  Cholero'i'des,  from  cholera,  and 
tiSos,  'resemblance.'  Resembling  cholera;  as  a 
'  choleroid  affection.' 

CHOLEROMA'NTA,  Cholerapho'hia,  Cholero- 
pho'bia,  from  eh'ilcra  and  mania.  A  dread  of 
cholera  to  such  an  extent  that  the  individual 
fancies  himself  affected  or  threatened  by  it. 

CHOLEROPHOBIA,  Choleromania. 

CHOLEROPHO'NE,  from  cholera,  and  (piavrj, 
'voice.'     The  peculiar  voice  of  one  in  cholera. 

CHOLEROPROSO'PON,  Cholerop'sis,  from 
cholera,  and  Tzpoam-Kov,  'countenance.'  The  facial 
nxpression  of  cholera. 

CHOLEROPSIS,  Choleroprosopon. 

CIIOLEUO-TYPIIUS,  Cholera,  (spasmodic.) 

CHOLERRHAGIA,  Cholera. 


CHOLERRH(EA  LTMPHATICA,  Cholera. 

CHOLESTEARINOMA,  Cholesteatoma. 

CHOLESTEATINE,  Cholesterin. 

CHOLESTEATO'MA,  from  x'>>'V,  'bile,'  and 
steatoma.  An  encysted  tumour,  which  presents 
upon  the  interior  of  the  cyst  several  superim- 
posed layers  of  cholesterin,  which  glisten  like 
pearl.  Hence  it  was  named  by  Cruveilheir  the 
laminated  nacreous  fatty  tumour. 

CHOL'ESTERIN,  Choi' ester ine,  Cholesteri'na, 
Cholosteri'na,  Cholesteari'ne,  Cholesteati'ne,  from 
XoXf?,  'bile,'  and  crcpcoc,  'solid,'  or  areap,  'suet' 
An  inodorous,  insipid  substance,  in  white,  shining 
scales;  fusible  and  crystallizing,  on  cooling,  in 
radiated  fibres.  Soluble  in  alcohol.  It  forms 
the  crystalline  part  of  certain  biliary  calculi. 
See  Adipocire. 

CHOLEUMA,  Cholosis, 

CHOLIA,  Cholosis. 

CHOLICE'LE,  from  xo^i,  'Me,'  and  Knly,, 
'tumour.'  A  swelling,  formed  by  the  bile  mor- 
bidly accumulated  in  the  gall-bladder. 

CHOLICUS,  Bilious. 

CHOLIUS,  Bilious. 

CHOLICYSTIECTASIE,  Tnrgescentia  vesi- 

CHOLICYSTITE,  Cholecystitis. 

CHOLOCATAR'RHOPHE,  Cholocatar- 
rhophe'sis,  Cholocatarrhoph'ia,  from  X''^''^'  'bile,' 
and  KaTappo<l)uv,  'to  sup  up.'  The  absorption  of 
bile. 

CHOLOGRAPHIA,  Choledography. 

CHOLOLITHUS,  see  Calculi,  biliary. 

CHOLO'MA,  from  ;^a)Aos',  'lame,  maimed.' 
Distortion  of  a  limb :  incapacity  of  moving  it 
Also,  the  act  of  limping,  claudication. 

CHOLOPLANIA,  Icterus. 

CHOLORRIICE'A,  from  x^M,  '  bile,'  and  ptio 
'I  flow.'     An  abnormous  discharge  of  bile. 

CHOLOS,  Bile,  Chole. 

CHOLO'SES,  from  xo^v,  'bile.'  Alibert  in- 
cludes, under  this  head,  every  morbid  affection 
of  the  liver  and  spleen. 

CHOLO'SIS,  from  X'^>'oi>  'lame.'  Cho'lotes, 
Cholas'ma,  Cholan'sis,  Choleu'ma,  Chol'ia,  Clau- 
dica'tion.  Hippocrates  employs  this  word  par- 
ticularly for  a  lameness  of  the  hand,  which  ren- 
ders a  person  one-handed,  (F.)  matichot.  Also, 
icterus ;  bilious  dyscrasy. 

Cholosis  Americana,  Fever,  yellow. 

CHOLOSTERINE,  Cholesterin. 

CHOLOTES,  Cholosis. 

CHOLOZEMIA  FEBRILIS,  Fever,  bilious. 

CHONDRIN,  from  xofipos,  'cartilage.'  A  va- 
riety of  gelatin,  obtained  by  boiling  the  cornea, 
the  permanent  cartilages,  and  the  bones  beforf 
they  are  ossified. 

CHONDRI'TIS,  Infamma'tio  Cartilag"inia, 
from  X"^^?"^'  '  cartilage,'  and  itis,  a  terminatioD 
denoting  inflammation.  Inflammation  of  carti- 
lage. 

CHONDROCLA'SIS,  from  xo^-^poj,  'cartilage/ 
and  /cXao-cf,  'fracture.'     Fracture  of  a  cartilage. 

CHONDRODES,  Cartilaginous,  Chondroid. 

CIIONDROGENES'IA,  Chondrogen'esis,  from 
XovFipog,  'a  cartilage,'  and  yzvzan,  'formation. 
Formation  of  cartilage.  A  morbid  conversion  0/ 
parts  into  cartilage. 

CHONDROGLOS'SUS,  from  x^^^po^i  'a  c-irti 
lage,'  and  yXuxrcra,  'the  tongue,'  A  fasciculus  ot 
fleshy  fibres,  passing  from  the  lesser  cornu  ol 
the  OS  hyoides  to  the  tongue.  It  forms  part  of 
the  hyoglopsus. 

CTIONDROG'RAPHY,  Chondrogra'phin,  from 
Xovipos,  'cartilage,'  and  ypa'l'rj,  'a  description.' 
A  description  of  cartilages. 

CHONDROID,   ChondroVdes,  Chondro'def, 


CHONDROLOGT 


201 


CHORION 


from  X'»'^P<'s>  'cartilage,'  and  eiSog,  'resemblance.' 
Cartilaginiform.     Resembling  cartilage. 

CnONDROL'OGY,  Chondrolog" ia,  from  x^^- 
Sfiog,  'a  cartilage,'  and  \oyos,  *a  discourse.'  A 
treatise  on  cartilages. 

CHONDRO'MA,  EncTiondro'ma,  from  ;^;ov^pof, 
'cartilage.'  A  cartilaginous  growth  proceeding 
from  bones,  including  spina  ventosa,  osteo-sar- 
coma,  ifcc,  of  many. 

CHONDRO-PnARYNGE'US,  from  ;^ov5po5,  'a 

cartilage,'  and  0apuy|,  'the  pharynx.'  Fibres  of 
the  muscular  coat  of  the  pharynx,  which  arise 
from  the  lesser  cornua  of  the  os  hyoides,  and 
form  part  of  the  Constrictor  medius.  See  Con- 
strictor pharyngis. 

CHONDRO'SES,  from  xp^^9°^>  'cartilage.'  A 
morbid  formation  or  condition  of  a  cartilage. 

CHONDROSTERNAL,CAoHrfros?e™a7!s,from 
Yov5pof,  'a  cartilage,'  and  arepvov,  'the  breast- 
bone.' Having  relation  to  the  cartilages  of  the 
ribs  and  breast-bone, — as  the  chondrosiernal  liga- 
ments, articulations,  &c. 

CHONDROSYNDES'MUS,  from  xofpo;,  'a. 
cartilage,'  and  awhujio';,  'a  ligament.'  Union 
of  bones,  by  means  of  fibro-cartilage.  Synchon- 
drosis. 

CHONDROT'OMY,  Chondrotom'ia,  fron  x""- 
Spo;,  '  a  cartilage,'  and  TcpLvttv,  '  to  cut.'  Dissec- 
tion of  cartilages. 

C  H  0  N  D  R  O-XIPHOID,  Chondro-xiploVdes, 
from  xo'^^po'St  '  ^  cartilage,'  and  xiphoid,  the  car- 
tilage so  called.  Having  relation  to  the  xiphoid 
cartilage,  as  ' Chondro-xiphoid  ligament.' 

CHONDRUS,  Cartilage.  The  Xiphoid  carti- 
lage, in  particular. 

Chondeus,  Alica,  Fucus  crispus  —  c.  Crispus, 
Fucus  crispus — c.  Polj^morphus,  Fucus  crispus. 
CHONOS,  Infundibulum. 

CHOPINE,  Chopi'no,  Cheopi'na.  A  measure, 
which  contains  16  ounces.     A  pint  measure. 

CHORA,  X'^pa,  'region.'  Any  void  space. 
Also,  the  orbit  of  the  eve. 

CHORD,  TESTICULAR,  Spermatic  chord. 
CHORDA,  Corda.  A  string  of  an  instrument. 
It  has  several  meanings:  —  as  a  tendon, — the 
mtestinea  (GhordtB.)  Paracelsus  calls  the  genital 
organs  chorda.  Chorda  seu  Funic' ulus  Tym'pa- 
ni,  a  branch  of  the  7th  pair  of  nerves,  according 
to  some,  of  the  5th  pair,  according  to  others, 
which  passes  through  the  tympanum,  (F.)  A^er/ 
Tympanique  —  (Ch.)  Oorde  du  Tambour  ou  du 
Tympan.  Chorda  Willie' ii,  Trahec' idcB  WiUis'ii, 
the  small  fibres  which  cross  the  sinuses  of  the 
dura  mater :  so  called  from  their  first  describer, 
Willis.  Chordae  Tendin'ea;  the  tendinous  and 
cord-like  substances  which  connect  the  columns 
oarnea  of  the  ventricles  of  the  heart  to  the 
valves,  &c. 

Chorda,  Intestine. 

Chorda  Dorsa'lis,  Dorsal  cord.  The  axis, 
around  which,  according  to  Von  Baer,  the  first 
parts  of  the  foetus  are  formed,  —  the  rudiment  of 
the  future  vertebral  column. 

Chorda  Hippocratis,  Achillis  Tendo — c.  Lon- 
gitudinalis  Corporis  Callosi,  see  Raphe. 

CHORDiE,  Chordee-c.  Ferrenii,  Chords,  vocal. 
Chord-«  Longitudina'les  Lancis'ii.     Two  or 
three  longitudinal    elevations  and  lines  on  the 
upper  surface  of  the  corpus  callosum. 

Chord-b  Penis,  Chordee  —  c.  Teudinese,  see 
Chorda — c.  Veneris,  Chordee — c.  Vocales,  Cords, 
vocal — c.  Willisii,  see  Chorda. 

CHORDAP'SUS,  from  x'op(5'?,  'intestine,'  and 
a^Tuv,  '  to  tie,'  Litussuscep'tio.  Constriction  or 
twisting  of  the  intestines.  —  Celsus.  The  Coliea 
Ileus.     See  Enteritis  and  Ileus. 

CHORDEE',  Cordee',  Chorda  Ven'eris  seu 
Penis,  Phallancylo'eiSj  Phallocamp'sis,  Chorda, 


Chorda'ta  Gonorrhoe'a.  A  painful  affection  of 
the  penis,  attending  gonorrhoea,  and  happening 
chiefly  at  night.  It  occurs  when  the  violence  of 
the  inflammation  is  such,  that  the  urethra  cannot 
expand  as  much  as  the  corpora  cavernosa  during 
erection,  and  consequently  the  glans  seems  pain-  ' 
fully  drawn  downwards.  The  application  of  cold 
water  topically  and  the  administration  of  opium 
internally,  palliate  it. 

CHORE'A,  Chorea  Sancti  Viti,  Ch.  Soncti 
3fodes'ti,  Ch.  gesticulnto'ria,  Choroma'nia,  Syn'- 
clonus  saltans,  Tripudia'tio  spas' tica,{Tomxop!:'a,^ 
'a  dance;'  sometimes  called  Scelotyr'he,  Viti 
SaJtus,  Salta'tio  Sancti  Viti,  Ballis'mus,  Con- 
vul'sio  habitua'lis,  Sijih'ita  prava,  Syn'clonus 
Chorea,  Myotyr'be,  Choreoma'nia,  Orchestroma' - 
nia,  Epileps'ia  Saltato'ria,  Ilorbiis  Saltato'rius, 
Hicran'osus,  ILgesticulato'rius,  Scelotyr'be  taran- 
tism'us,  St.  Vitiis's  Dance,  because  the  movements 
resemble  dancing;  (F.)  Choree,  Danse  de  Saint- 
Witt,  Danse  de  St.  Gut.  The  characteristiea 
are :  —  irregular  and  involuntary  motions  of  one 
or  more  limbs,  and  of  the  face  and  trunk.  It  is 
a  disease  which  usually  occurs  before  puberty ; 
and  is  generally  connected  with  torpor  of  the 
system,  and  of  the  digestive  organs  in  particular. 
Its  duration  is  long,  but  it  is  usually  devoid  of 
danger ;  although  frequently  but  little  under  the 
control  of  medicine.  The^spasms  do  not  continue 
during  sleep.  The  indications  of  treatment  are  • 
to  strengthen  the  general  system,  and  stimulate 
the  intestinal  canal.  Purgatives,  once  or  twice 
a  week,  and  chalybeates,  with  appropriate  regi- 
men, will  fulfil  these. 

Chorea,  Chronic,  see  Tic—c.  Faciei,  Tic— a. 
Gesticulatoria,  Chorea — c.  Partial,  see  Tic  —  e. 
Sancti  Modesti,  Chorea — c.  Sancti  Valentini,  Ta- 
rantismus — c.  Sancti  Viti,  Chorea. 
CHOREE,  Chorea. 

CHORE'GIA,  from  %o()os,  'a  troop  of  dancers 
and  singers,'  and  ayw,  'I  lead.'  Hippocrates 
uses  this  term  for  the  whole  of  the  apparatus  ne- 
cessary for  a  physician  or  surgeon. 
CHOREOMAlSriA,  Chorea. 
CHORIODEI'TIS,  Ohorioidei'tis,  Ghorioidi'- 
tis,  Choro'idi'tis,  from  ;^opoa5i7S,  'the  choroid,' 
and  itis.  Inflammation  of  the  choroid  coat  of 
the  eye. 

CHORIODES,  Choroid. 
CHORIOIDEA,  Choroid. 
CHORIOIDES,  Choroid. 

CHO'RION,  xopiov,  'skin,'  from  xuptiv,  'to 
contain,  include;'  Camis'ia  Foetus:  the  chemise 
or  shirt  of  the  foetus  in  utero.  A  thin,  transpa- 
rent membrane,  formerly  confounded  with  the 
decidua,  which  surrounds  the  foetus  in  utero  on 
every  side,  and  appears  to  be  developed  from  nu- 
cleated cells  formed  in  the  Fallopian  tube.  Some 
histologists,  however,  consider,  that  it  exists  in 
the  ovary.  The  general  opinion  is,  that  it  is 
formed  as  above  described;  and  perhaps,  also, 
from  the  zona  pellucida,  which  disappears  in  the 
tube.  In  the  uterus,  villous  prolongations  are 
formed  on  its  surface,  which  have  given  it,  with 
more  recent  writers,  the  name  'shaggy  chorion.' 
These  villi  are  probably  the  agents  of  the  absorp- 
tion of  nutritive  matter  furnished  from  the  lining 
membrane  of  the  uterus. 

By  many  anatomists,  the  chorion  is  considered 
to  be  formed  of  two  layers;  the  outer,  called  by 
Burdach  Exoch'orion  :  the  inner,  Endocho'rion, 
By  others,  the  distinction  of  laminae  is  denied. 
It  is  exterior  to  the  amnion. 

Chorion  also  means  the  true  skin.    See  Cutis. 

Chorion  Fungosum,  Decidua — e.  Reticulatum, 

Decidua — c.  Shaggy,  see  Chorion  and  Decidua — 

c.  Spongiosum,  see  Decidua — c.  Spongy,  see  D» 

cidua — c,  Tomentosum,  see  Decidua. 


CHORIONITIS 


202 


CHRYSANTHEMUM 


CHOllIONITIS.  Induration  of  the  Cellular 
tissue. 

CHOROID,  Ohoro'i'deus,  ChoroVdes,  ChorioV- 
dr.s,  Chorio'des,  from  ;:^op(oi',  'the  chorion,'  and 
iiSog,  'shape,'  'resemblance.'  Several  parts  are  so 
called,  which  resemble  the  chorion,  in  the  multi- 
tude of  their  vessels. 

Choroid  Muscle,  Ciliary  muscle. 

Choroi'de  A  sen  Chorioi'de  a  Tu'nica,  Ch.  3fem- 
Ira'na,  or  simply  the  Choroid,  Tu'nica  rascido'sa 
Oc'uli,  T.  aciniform'is  seu  rJiar/oi'des,  (F.)  3Iem- 
hrane  choro'ide,  Choro'ide.  A  thin  membrane,  of 
a  very  dark  colour,  which  lines  the  sclerotica, 
internally.  The  part  behind  the  iris  is  called 
Uvea.  It  is  situate  between  the  sclerotica  and 
retina,  has  an  opening,  posteriorly,  for  the  pas- 
sage of  the  optic  nerve ;  and  terminates,  ante- 
riorly, at  the  great  circumference  of  the  iris, 
ViThere  it  is  continuous  with  the  ciliary  processes. 
According  to  Ruysch,  the  choroid  consists  of  two 
layers,  to  the  innermost  of  which  his  son  gave  the 
name  Tu'nica  Ruyschia'na,  Ilembra'na  Ituyseh- 
i'l'na,  (F.)  llemlrane  Riiyschienne.  The  in- 
ternal surface  of  the  membrane  is  covered  with  a 
dark  pigment,  consisting  of  several  layers  of  pig- 
ment cells,  called  Pigmen'ttnn  nigrum,  Stratum 
pigmen'ti,  Ophthalmochro'i'tes,  jEthioi^s  animal, 
(F.)  Endiiit  choroidien.  Its  use  seems  to  be,  to 
absorb  the  rays  of  light  after  they  have  traversed 
the  retina. 

Choroi'des  Plexus,  Plexus  choroVdeus  seure^r- 
cula'ris,  Vermes  cer'ehri,  Choroid  Plexus.  Two 
membranous  and  vascular  duplieatures  of  the  pia 
mater,  situate  in  the  lateral  ventricles.  They  are 
.fixed  to  the  Tela  choroidea  by  one  edge,  and  are 
loose  and  floating  at  the  other. 

Choroidea  Tela,  (F.)  Toile  choro'idienne.  A 
kind  of  vasculo-membranous  prolongation  of  the 
pia  mater,  which  lines  the  lower  surface  of  the  fornix 
united  with  the  corpus  callosum.  It  is  stretched 
above  the  third  ventricle,  and  covers  the  poste- 
rior commissure  and  corpora  quadrigemina.  An- 
teriorly, the  tela  choroidea  is  continuous  with  the 
plexus  choroides. 

Choroidea  Ven^,  Venm  Gale'ni,  (F.)  Veines 
choroid iennes.  Two  veins,  that  creep  along  the 
tela  choroidea;  into  which  almost  all  those  of 
the  lateral  ventricles,  of  the  upper  part  of  the 
cerebellum,  of  the  pineal  gland,  and  the  corpora 
quadrigemina  open.  The  Venae  Galeni  open  into 
the  sinus  quartus  or  fourth  siiuts. 

CHOROtDE,  CEINTURE  BLANCHE  BE 
LA,  Ciliary  ligament — c.  Commissure  de  la,  Cili- 
ary ligament. 

CHOROIDITIS,  Choriodeitis. 

CHOROI'DO-RETINI'TIS.  Inflammation  of 
the  choroid  and  retina. 

CHOROMANIA,  Chorea. 

CHOSES  CONTRE  NATURE,  Res  contra 
naturam  —  c.  Naturelles,  Res  naturales  —  c.  non 
Naturelles,  Res  non  naturales. 

CHOSIS,  Arenatio. 

OHOU  CABUS,  Brassica  eapitata— e.  Croiite, 
Sauer  Kraut — c.  Fleur,  Brassica  Florida,  Cauli- 
flower excrescence  —  c.  Marin,  Convolvulus  sol- 
danella  —  c.  Navet,  Brassica  rapa — c.  Pomme, 
Brassica  eapitata — c.  Potager,  Brassica  —  c.  Ro- 
quette.  Brassica  eruca. 

CHREMMA,  Sputum. 

CHREMPSIS,  Exspuition. 

CHRISIS,  from  ;)^p(u,  'I  anoint.'  The  action 
of  anointing.     Inunction. 

CHRISMA,  same  etymon.  The  act  of  anoint- 
Lig.     The  salve  or  liniment  used.     Prurigo. 

CHRISTI  MANUS.  Troches  prepared  from 
refined  sugar  boQed  in  rose-water  with  or  without 
prepared  pearls. 


CHRISTOPHER  HERE,  Aetcea  spicata. 

CHRISTOPHORIANA  SPICATA,  Aetsea  spi, 
cata. 

CHRISTOS,  -x^piaTn^,  from  xP'^'^i  '^  anoint.' 
Any  medicine  applied  under  the  form  of  liniment 
or  ointment. 

CHROA,  Chrcea,  Chroma.  Colour  in  generaL 
The  surface  of  the  body.     The  skin. 

CHROGAS,  Scrofula." 

CHROMA,  Chroa. 

CHROMATOC'ENOUS,  from  ^fu^a,  'colour, 
and  yivvaui,  'I  make.' 

Chromato6"esous  Appara'tcs.  a  particular 
apparatus  for  producing  the  colouring  matter  of 
the  skin,  composed  of  a  glandular  or  secreting 
parenchyma,  situate  a  little  below  the  papillae, 
and  presenting  special  excretory  ducts,  which 
pour  out  the  colouring  matter  on  the  surface  of 
the  true  skin. — Breschet. 

CHROMATOMETABLEPSIA,  Achro- 
matopsia.   ' 

CHROMATOPHO'BIA,  from  xoi^na,  '  colour,' 
and  (po^us,  'dread.'  Morbid  sensibility  to  certain 
colours. 

CHROMATOPSEUDOPSIA,  Achromatopsia. 

CHROMATOPSIA,  Chromopsia. 

CHROMIC  ACID,  Ac"idum  Chro'micum,  (F.) 
Acide  cliromiqiie.  Obtained  by  crystallization 
from  a  mixture  of  bichromate  of  potassa,  and 
oil  of  vitriol.  It  has  been  used  as  an  escharotic 
in  external  hemorrhoids. 

CHROMIDRO'SIS,  from  XP<-^I"',  'colour,'  and 
'i^puig,  '  sweat.'  Abnormous  coloration  of  the  per- 
spiratory secretion. 

CHROMOP'SIA,  Chromop'ia,  Chromatop'sia, 
Chrotop'sia,  Chrup'sia,  Crop'sia,  Visus  colora'tus, 
Suffu'sio  colo'rans,  from  xpijij^a,  'colour,'  andot^is, 
'vision.'  A  state  of  vision  in  which  a  coloured 
impression  is  made  on  the  retina.  Said  to  be 
occasionally  observed  in  jaundice. 

CHRONAGUNEA,  Menstruation. 

CHRONIC,  Chron'icus,  Chro'nius,  Polychro'- 
niits,  Invetera'tus,  Anti' guns,  Bena'ns,  from  vpovos, 
'time.'     Of  long  duration. 

Chronic  Diseases,  Iforhi  chmn'ici,  Macro- 
nos'icB,  Macro'sim,  (F.)  Maladies  Chroniqiies,  are 
those  whose  duration  is  long,  or  whose  symptoms 
proceed  slowly.    The  antithesis  to  chronic  is  acute, 

CHRONO,  from  XP"'^"^}  'time.'  A  prefix  to 
terms  denoting  inflammation  of  a  part,  to  show 
that  such  inflammation  is  chronic. — Piorry. 

CHEONO-HEPATITE,  Hepatitis,  chronic. 

CHRONO-NEPHRITE,  Nephritis  (chronic.) 

CHRONO-THERMAL,  from  ;;tP'""'f.  'time,' 
and  ^cp/jLVj  'heat.'  Relating  to  time  and  tempe- 
rature. An  epithet  given  to  a  fanciful  'system' 
by  Dr.  Samuel  Dickson,  which  maintains,  that 
there  can  be  no  increase  or  dimirSution  of  tempe- 
rature without  motion  ;  no  motion  without  time  ; 
that  motion  consists  in  attraction  and  repulsion  ; 
that  attraction  and  repulsion  are  peculiar  to  elec- 
tric action ;  and  hence,  that  medicines  must 
change  the  motions  of  the  system,  and  be  electri- 
cal in  their  operation. 

CHROTOPSIA,  Chromopsia. 

CHRUPSIA,  Chrcmopsia. 

CHRYSALEA,  Nitro-muriatic  nold. 

CHRYSANTHEMUM,  Calendula  officinalis. 

Chrysan'themum  LErcAN'TH.EMT'M.  from  XP^' 
(TOi,  'gold,'  and  avSos,  'a  flower.'  The  O.r-cye 
daisy,  Daisy,  Whiteiceed,  Goldens,  3faudh'nvnrt, 
Bellis  major  seu  prnten' sis,  Biiphth'd'mnm  mnjtis, 
Leucan' thcmiim  vulga're,  Matrica'ria.  I^ciicanlh'e- 
miim,  BeUidioVdes,  Consol'ida  media,  Oi'uhia  Bo- 
vis,  (F.)  Chrysantheme,  Chrysene.  Grand  ifargiii- 
rite  des  pres.  The  flowers  and  herb  are  slightly 
acrid;  and  were  once  used  in  pulmonary  diseases. 


CHRYSE 


203 


CHTMICAL 


Chrysanthemttm  Parthenium,  Matricaria  par- 
thenium.    _ 

CHRYSE,  from  xpuo-o?,  'gold.'  The  name  of 
a  yellow  plaster,  described  by  Paulus  of  ^gina, 
and  composed  of  thus,  alum,  lead,  colophony, 
resin,  oil,  and  orpiment,  boiled  in  vinegar. 

CER  y^AWi?, Chrysanthemum  leucanthemum. 

CHRYSITIS,  see  Plumbi  oxidum  semivitreum. 

CHRYSOBALANUS  GALENI,  see  Myristica 
mosehata. 

CHRYSOCALIS,  Matricaria. 

CHRYSOCHALCOS,  Brass. 

CHRYSOCOLLA,  Borax. 

CHRYSOCOMA,  Millefolium. 

CHRYSOLACHANUM,  Chenopodium  bonus 
Henricus. 

CHRYSOL'ITHUS,  Chrys'olite,  from  xpvao;, 
'gold,'  and  \t^o?,  'stone.'  A  precious  stone,  of 
a  golden  colour,  regarded  by  the  ancients  as  car- 
diac, cephalic,  <tc. 

CHRYSOMELIA,  see  Citrus  aurantium. 

CHRYSOPIIYL'LUM  CAINI'TO,  from  x^^'^o^ 
'gold,'  and  ipvWov,  'a  leaf.'  Cainito,  Siderox'- 
ylon,  Broad-leaved  Stnr-apple.  A  tree  of  the 
Antilles,  which  produces  one  of  the  best  fruits 
of  the  country.     There  are  several  varieties  of  it. 

Chrysophyllum  Gly'ciphl^tjm,  Monesia. 

CHRYSOPUS,  Cambogia. 

CHRYSOS,  Gold. 

CHRYSOSPERMUM,  Sempervivum  tectorum. 

CHRYZA  FIBRAUREA,  Coptis. 

CHTHOXOPHA'GIA,  Oachex'ia  Afriea'na, 
Mala'cia  Africaiio'rnm,  Pica  Af'ficano'rum,  Leu- 
cophlegma'tia  ^thio'^ntm,  Chloro'sia  yEthiopuin, 
Dh-t-eating,  (F.)  Mai  d'Estoynac,  from  p^Suv, 
'  earth,'  and  (payw,  '  I  eat.'  A  disorder  of  the  nu- 
tritive functions  observed  amongst  the  negroes  of 
the  South  and  of  the  West  Indies,  in  which  there 
is  an  irresistible  desire  to  eat  earth.  It  is  accom- 
panied by  most  of  the  signs  of  chlorosis. 

CHU,  Choa  or  Chns,  ;:^af,  C/iocus.  A  liquid 
measure  amongst  the  Greeks,  answering  to  the 
Concjius  of  the  Romans,  and  containing  six  sex- 
tarii,  or  twelve  Attic  cotyloa,  or  nine  pints. — Galen. 

CHURRUS,  see  Bangue. 

CHUTE,  Prolapsus — c.  du  Fondement,  Proc- 
tocele— c.  de  la  3I(iti-iee,  Procidentia  uteri — e.  des 
Oufs,  see  Parturition — c.  du  Mectum,  Proctocele. 

CHYLAIRE,  Chylous. 

CHYLAR,  Chylous. 

CHYLARION,  Chyle. 

CHYLE,  Chijlns,  SuccHS  mitrWius,  from  X'"^f 
'  I  flow.'  The  word,  in  Hippocrates,  means  Tisane 
or  Decoction  of  Barley,  Cliyla'rion,  ;;^vXapiov.  Ga- 
len first  used  it  in  its  present  sense; — i.  e.  for  a 
nutritive  fluid,  extracted  by  intestinal  absorp- 
tion, from  food  which  has  been  subjected  to 
the  action  of  the  digestive  organs.  It  is  of  a 
whitish  appearance  ,•  is  separated  from  the  chyme 
in  the  duodenum,  and  the  rest  of  the  small  intes- 
tines, and  is  absorbed  by  the  chyliferous  vessels, 
which  arise  at  the  mucous  surface  of  the  intestine. 
Along  these  it  passes  through  the  mesentmc 
glands  to  the  thoracic  duct,  and  is  finally  poured 
into  the  left  subclavian.  It  is  composed,  like  the 
blood,  of  a  coagulable  part  and  of  serum.  Chyle 
corpuscles  or  globules,  exist  in  it,  the  average  size 
of  which  is  about  l-4600th  of  an  inch.    See  Chyme. 

Chyle  Corpuscles,  see  Chyle. 

CHYLEUX,  Chylous. 

CHYLIF'EROUS,  Chy'lifer,  Ghyliferxm,  Chy- 
loph'orus;  from  cJiylus,  'chyle,'  and  ferre,  'to 
carry.'     Chyle-bearing. 

Chylif'erous  Vessels,  Vasa  Chylif'era  seu 
Chylof'era,  Vim  chylif'ercB,  VencB  laetem,  Vasa 
lactea.  The  Lacteals.  (F.)  Vaisseaux  chyliferes, 
V.  Lactes.  Vessels  which  convey  the  chyle  from 
the  intestines  to  the  thoracic  duct. 


CHYLIFICA'TIOlSr,  Chylifica'tio,  CJiylo'sis, 
Chylopoie'sis,  PrcBpara'tio  chyli,  from  chyhta, 
'  chj'le,'  and  facere,  'to  make.'  Foi'mation  of 
chj'le  by  the  digestive  processes. 

CHYLINE,  Cyclamen. 

CHYLISMA,  Suceus  expressus. 

CHYLIS'MUS,  from  xuAoj,  'juice.'  The  acl 
of  expressing  the  juice  of  vegetables,  <fec. 

CHYLOCYSTIS,  Receptaculum  chyli. 

CHYLODES,  Chvlous. 

CHYLODIABETES,  Chyluria. 

CHYLODIARRHCEA,  Coeliac  flux. 

CHYLODOCHIUM,  Receptaculum  chyli. 

CHYLOG'RAPHY,  from  x^>^os,  'chyle,'  and 
ypacpr],  '  a  description.'  A  description  of  the  ana- 
tomy, (fee,  of  the  chyliferous  vessels. 

CHYLOPOIESIS,''  Chylitieation. 

CHYLOPOIET'IC,  Chylopoiet'icus,  Chylopoi'e- 
us,  from  %uAof,  '  chyle,'  and  izotew,  '  I  make.'  Re- 
lating to  or  connected  with  the  formation  of  chyle. 
Chiefly  applied  to  the  organs  immediately  con- 
cerned in  it :  as  the  stomach,  intestines,  omenta, 
and  mesenterj'.  Assistant  C/iylopoiciic :  —  a^- 
plied  to  viscera  which  aid  in  the  formation  of 
chvle,  as  the  liver  and  panereas. 

CHYLORRIIOEA,  Coeliac  flux  — c.  Pectoris, 
Chylothorax — c.  Renalis,  Chyluria — c.  Urinalis, 
Chyluria. 

CHYLOSIS,  Chvlification. 

CHYLOSTAG'MA  DIAPHORET'ICUM 
MINDERE'RI.  A  compound  prepared  by  dis- 
tilling the  theriac  o/Andromachus,  the  mithridate 
o/ Damoerates,  and  other  alexipharniics,  ifec.  It 
is  nearly  the  same  preparation  as  the  Aqua  The- 
riaca'lis  Bezoar'dica. 

C'iiY'LOTB.O'RAX,Pleurorrhce'achylo'sa,Chy. 
lorrhoe'a  Pec'toris,  Hydrotho'rax  chylo'svs  ;  from 
;^dXo;,  'chj'le,'  and  dmpa^,  'the  chest.'- — Effusion 
of  chyle  into  the  chest,  owing  to  the  rupture  of  a 
chyliferous  vessel. 

CHYLOUS,  Chylar,  Chylo'sus  vel  Chyla'ris, 
Chylo'des,  (F.)  Chyleux,  Chylaire.  Relating  to 
the  chyle  ;  or  having  some  analogy  to  tliat  fluid, 

CHYLU'RIA,  Diahe'tes^  lac'tea,  D.  Chylo'sus, 
Chylodiahe' tes,  Galactu'ria,  Fhixus  cmliucus  per 
Renes,  Pyu'ria  lac'tea,  P,  Chylo'sa,  Cce/iaca  uri- 
na'lis,  C.  rena'lis  Chylorrhw'a  urina'Us,  Ch.  rena'- 
lis,  from  ;!^i)Aoy,  'chyle,'  and  ovpov,  'urine.'  (F.) 
Diabete  chyleitx.  A  discharge  of  milky  urine,  with- 
out any  apparent  lesion  of  the  kidnevs  or  bladder. 

CHYLUS,  Chyle,  Decoction,  Suecus. 

CHYME,  Chymus,  ^I'^ofj  'juice,'  from  ;(^(i),  'I 
flow.'  The  pulp,  formed  by  the  food,  mixed  with 
the  supra-diaphragmatic  and  gastric  secretions, 
after  it  has  been  for  some  time  in  the  stomach. 
In  this  it  continues  until  it  reaches  the  biliary 
and  pancreatic  ducts,  which  open  into  the  duo- 
denum;  where  the  conversion  into  chyle  occurs, 
which  is  absorbed  by  the  chyliferous  vessels, —  the 
excrementitious  portion  of  the  food  traversing  the 
large  intestine  to  be  evacuated  per  anion.  Cas- 
telli  asserts,  that  Chyme  and  Chyle  were  used  in 
an  inverse  sense  by  the  ancients,  from  that  ac- 
cepted at  present. 

CHYMI,  Humours. 

CHYMIA,  Chymistry — c.  Organiea,  Chymis- 
try,  organic — c.  Pharmaceutica,  see  Chymistry. 

CHYMIA'TER,  Chimia'ter,  Chemia'ter,  from 
^«(i£ia  or  xif-^f^y  '  chymistry,'  and  tarpos,  '  a  phy- 
sician,' latro-chym' icus.     A  chemical  phj'siciaru 

CHYMIATRI'A,  Chymiatri'a,Chemiatri'a,  la- 
tro-chemV a,  3fedici'na  spagir'ica,  Ars  Chymiat'- 
rica, from x^fiSiaov  ;^)7/ijiu, ' chymistry,' and  larpsta, 
'cure.'     The  art  of  curing  by  chemical  means. 

CHYM'ICAL,  Chem'ical,  Chem'icus,  Chew,', 
ticiis.  A  medicine  formed  by  the  aid  of  chymistiy, 
in  contradistinction  to  Galenical. 


CHTM'ICO-HISTOL'  0  GT 


204 


CICHO'RIUM  ENDIV'IA 


CHTM'IC0-HIST0L'0GY,C%m'i"co-^i8«o%"- 
(a,  Ghem'ico-Mstol'ogy.     The  doctrine  of  the  or- 
ganic chemistry  and  morphology  of  tissues. 
CHYMICOPHANTA,  Chymist. 
CHYMICUS,  Ghymical,  Chymist. 
CHYMIE,  Chymistry. 

CHTMIFICA'TION,  Chymifica'tio,  Chymo'- 
eis,  from  xw^ofj  'juice,'  and /ace re,  'to  make.' 
Formation  of  chyme. 

CHYM'IST,  Ckeni'ist,  Chem'icus,  Chymico- 
phan'ta,  Chym'icus,  (F.)  Chimiste  ou  Chymiete. 
One  acquainted  with  chymistry.  In  Great  Bri- 
tain it  has,  also,  the  signification  of  "one  who 
sells  chemicals." 

CHTMISTE,  Chymist. 

CHYM'ISTRY,  Chem'istry,  Chemi'a,  Chymi'a, 
Okimi'a, Chemeu'tice, Chemot'ice,  Pit ilosoph'ia  j}er 
igiiem,  Spagy'ria,  Pyrotech'via,  Pyrosoph'ia,  Ars 
Jicniiet'ica,  Archbna'gia,  Ars  mago'rum,  Ars  sepa- 
rata'r  in,  Ars  spagir'ica;  from  x^l^°^'  'juice,'  or 
from  Arab,  chenm,  'a  secret.'  (F.)  Chiniie  ou 
CJiymie.  A  branch  of  the  natural  sciences,  -whose 
object  is  to  in^^estigate  the  nature  and  properties 
of  bodies,  simple  and  compound,  inorganic  and 
organized;  and  to  study  the  force  or  power,  by 
virtue  of  which  every  combination  is  effected.  It 
investigates  the  action  between  the  integrant  mo- 
lecules or  atoms  of  bodies. 

Organic  Chemistry,  Chymi'a  organ'ica,  Organo- 
chemi'a,  is  the  chymistry  of  organized  sub- 
stances,—  animal  and  vegetable. 

Animal  Chym'istry,  Zooch'emy  or  Zooch'ymy, 
Zooehemi'a,  is  the  chymistry  of  substances  af- 
forded by  the  dead  or  living  animal  body.  This 
branch  of  chymistry  has  been  farther  subdi- 
vided into  jjhysiological,  when  it  considers  the 
changes  produced  in  organized  bodies  in  health, 
pathological,  when  it  regards  those  produced 
by  organic  or  other  diseases.  Anthropochymy, 
Authropochemi'a,  is  the  chymistry  of  the  human 
body.  Chymistry  is  called  Therapeu'tical  or 
Pharmaceu'tical,  Pharmaco-chymi'a,  Chymi'a 
pharmaceu'tica,  when  it  is  engaged  in  the  analy- 
sis of  simple  medicines ;  in  improving  the  pre- 
scribing and  preparing  of  chemical  and  Galenical 
medicines:  in  the  means  of  preparing  them,  and 
detecting  adulterations,  &c.  Hygien'ie  Chym'istry 
is  that  which  is  applied  to  the  means  of  rendering 
habitations  healthy,  of  analyzing  the  air  we 
breathe,  preventing  the  occurrence  of  disease, 
pointing  out  healthy  aliments,  and  appreciating 
the  influence  of  professions,  &c.  on  the  health  of 
man.  All  these  different  subdivisions,  with  vege- 
table chymistry,  are,  at  times,  included  under  the 
head  of  Medical  Chym'istry,  Phytochymistry  ;  at 
Others,  the  term  comprehends  only  the  Animal, 
Vegetable  and  Pharmaceutical  subdivisions. 

Vital  Chemistry,  Biochymi'a,  is  that  which  is 
executed  under  the  influence  of  vitality. 

A  knowlege  of  chymistry  is  of  great  importance 
to  the  physician.  Many  of  the  functions  are  of 
a  chemical  nature :  many  diseases  require  a  che- 
mical mode  of  treatment;  and,  without  an  ac- 
quaintance with  it,  two  or  more  substances  might 
be  given  in  combination,  which,  by  forming  a 
chemical  union,  might  give  rise  to  other  com- 
jiounds,  possessing  very  different  virtues  from  the 
components  taken  singly,  and  thus  the  prescriber 
be  disappointed  in  the  results. 

Chymistrt,  Animal,  see  Chymistry — c.  Hy- 
gienic, see  Chymistry — c.  Medical,  see  Chymis- 
try—  c.  Organic,  see  Chymistry — c.  Pharmaceu- 
U<^,  see  Chymistry  —  c.  Therapeutical,  see  Chy- 
mistry—  c.  A''egetable,  see  Chymistry  —  c.  Vital, 
gee  Chvmistrj^ 
CHYMOCIIEZTA,  Coeliac  flux. 
CHYMOPLANIA,(G.)Chymoplanien,Dys- 


chymosen,  from  ^«/ios,  'juice,'  and  ffXav>7,'wander- 
ing.'  A  transposition  of  secretions : — a  family  of  dis- 
eases in  the  classification  of  Fuchs,  which  includes 
icterus,  uroplania,  menoplania  and  galactoplania. 
CHYMORRHCEA,  Coeliac  flux,  Lientery. 
CHYMOSIN,  Pepsin. 
CHYMOSIS,  Chymification. 
CHYMOZEMIA.  Hypercrinia. 
CHYTLEN,  RADIX.    A  cylindrical  root,  bitter 
and  inodorous,  brought  from  China.     It  is  held 
by  the  Chinese  to  be  stomachic.  —  Murray. 

CHYT'LON,  xvtIov,  from  x^u, '  I  pour  out.'  A 
liquid  formerly  used  for  rubbing  the  body  after 
bathing. 

CIBARIUM,  Aliment. 

CIBA'RIUS  PANIS,  'Coarse  bread.'  Bread 
made  of  second  flour.  —  Celsus. 

CIBA'TIO.  Trophe.  The  taking  of  food.  In 
Pharmacy,  it  is  the  same  as  Incorporation. 

CIBUS,   Aliment — c.   Albus,   Blancmanges 

c.  Deorum,  Asafoetida. 
CICATRICE,  Cicatrix. 

CICATRICES  OVARIORUM,  Stigmata  ova^ 
riorum. 

CICATRIC'ULA.  Diminutive  of  Cicatrix.  A 
small  cica'trix.  Stigma.  The  term  is,  also,  applied 
to  a  small  white  spot,  called  the  tread,  chal'aza, 
chala'zium,  observable  at  the  surface  of  a  fecun- 
dated egg.     See  Molecule. 

CICATRISAN'TIA,  EpulM'ica,  Synnlot'ica, 
Apiulot'ica,  Catulot'ica,  Ulot'ica.  Remedies  for- 
merly considered  to  be  capable  of  producing  cica- 
trization. ; 

CICA'TRIX,  CcBca'trix,  Ule,  Onle,  from  ccBcare, 
'to  conceal,'  because  it  conceals  the  wound.  (F.) 
Cicatrice.  The  union  of  parts,  which  have  been 
divided.  A  scar  or  formation,  of  a  reddish  colour, 
afterwards  whitish,  and  of  variable  thickness, 
which  takes  place  at  the  surfaceof  woundsorulcers 
after  their  cure.  A  cicatrix  may  vary  much  in 
shape,  consistence,  and  thickness.  The  cicatrix 
of  a  bone  is  called  Callus.  A  vic"ious  cica'trix, 
(F.)  Cicatrice  viciense,  is  one  which  interferes 
with  the  action  of  the  parts  on  which  it  occurs. 
The  scars  after  small-pox,  are  called  Pits  or  Pock- 
marks,  (F.)  Coutures  par  la  petite  verole. 
Cicatrix  Variol.e,  Pockmark. 
CICATRIZA'TION,  Cicatrisa'tio,  Epiilo'ste, 
Synido'sis.  The  process  by  which  a  cicatrix  is 
formed.  Every  tissue,  except  the  nails,  epider- 
mis, hair,  and  enamel  is,  probably,  capable  of 
cicatrization. 

CICELY,  SWEET,  Chserophyllum  odoratum, 
Osmorrhiza  longistylis,  Scandix  odorata. 

CICER  ARIETI'NUM.  The  Cicer  plant, 
Erehin'thus,  (F.)  Cicerole,  Pois  Chiche.  The 
seeds  are  ground  into  flour,  and  used  as  bread  in 
some  countries. 

Cicer  Lens,  Ervum  lens. 

CI'CERA  TAR'TARI.  Small  pills  of  turpen- 
tine and  cream  of  tartar — of  the  size  of  a  vetch 
or  cicer. 

CICE^RBITA,  SoTichus  oleraceus. 
CICEROLE,  Cicer  arietinum. 
CICHO'RIUM  ENDR^'IA.  The  system.-. tic 
name  of  the  Endive,  Endiv'ia,  Endi'va,  In'lulivmy 
In'tyhxim  {Antiq.),  Scariola,  In'tyhns  horten'eis, 
(F.)  Chicoree  des  Jardins,  Scariole.  Family, 
Cichoracea;.  Sex.  Syst.  Syngenesia  Polygamia 
aequalis.  It  is  a  common  pot  herb,  and  is  eaten 
as  salad. 

Cicho'rium  In'tybuS,  Scris,  Seriola,  In'tvlum 
errat'icum.  The  systematic  name  of  the  Wild 
Suc'cory,  Wild  Cich'ory,  Cich'ory.  Wild  Endive, 
Ambnlei'a,  Ileliotro'pion,  Catnnan'ce.  Cichu'rcum, 
(F.)  Chicoree  sauvnge.  It  is  bitter,  and  was  once 
used  as  a  tonic.  The  root,  roasted  and  ground, 
is  often  used  instead  of,  or  mixed  with,  coffee. 


CHICORY,  WILD 


205 


CILIARY 


CICHORY,  WILD,  Cichorium  intybus. 
CICI,  Ricinis  communis. 

CICINDE'LA,  Lam'2}yris,  Noctil'uca,  Ntted'- 
vla.  The  Gloio-icorm.  (F.)  Ver  luisant.  This 
insect  was  once  thought  to  be  anodyne  and  lithon- 
triptic. 

CICIS,  see  Quercus  infectoria. 
CIGON'GIUS;  an  ancient  measure,  contain- 
ing 12  pints. 

CICUTA,  Conium  maculatum. 
Cicu'ta  Aquat'ica,  Cicu'ta  viro'ea,  Cicuta'ria 
aqiiat'ica,  Gorian' drum  cicu'ta,  Water  Hemloch, 
Cowbane,  (F.)  Cigu'e  aquatique  ou  vireuse.  Fa- 
mily, Umbelliferse.  Sex.  Syst.  Pentandria  Digy- 
nia.  A  violent  poison,  often  eaten  by  mistake 
for  Wild  SmaUage,  Apium  Graveolens.  It  pro- 
duces tremors,  vertigo,  burning  at  the  stomach, 
and  all  the  sj'mptoms  occasioned  by  the  Narco- 
tico-acrid  class  of  poisons. 

Cicu'ta  Macula'ta,  (F.)  Cigxie  d'Amerique, 
American  water  hemlock,  American  Hemlock, 
Snakeweed,  Zleath  of  man,  Water  parsley.  Poison 
root,  Wild  Hemlock,  Children's  bane,  is  analo- 
gous in  botanical  character  and  medical  proper- 
ties to  the  European  species.  See  Conium  Ma- 
culatum. 

CicuTA  Major,  Conium  maculatum — c.  Major 
fcetida,  Conium  maculatum — c.  Stoerkii,  Conium 
maculatum  —  c.  Terrestris,  Conium  maculatum — 
c.  Virosa,  Cicuta  aquatica — c.  Vulgaris,  Conium 
maculatum. 

CICUTARIA,  Chserophyllum  sylvestre  —  c. 
Aquatica,  Cicuta  aquatica,  Phellandrium  aquati- 
cum — c.  Odorata,  Chaerophyllum  odoratum. 

CIDER,  Poma'ceum,  (F.)  Cidre.  This  word 
is  said  to  have  been  formerly  written  sidre,  and 
to  have  come  from  Sic' era,  aiKcpa,  which  signifies 
any  kind  of  fermented  liquor  other  than  wine. 
It  is  made  from  the  juice  of  apples,  and,  when 
good,  is  a  wholesome  drink. 
CIDRE,  Cider. 

CIGNUS;  an  ancient  measure,  which  con- 
tained about  two  drachms. 

CIGUE  AQUATIQUE,  Cicuta  aquatica  — c. 
d'  Ameriqtie,  Cicuta  maculata — c.  d'Eau,  Phellan- 
drium aquaticum — c.  Grande,  Conium  maculatum 
c.  Ordinaire,  Conium  maculatum  —  c.  Petite, 
^thusa  cynapium — c.  Vireuse,  Cicuta  aquatica. 

CIJj'lA,  Plephar'ides,  Pili paljyebra'rum.  The 
eyelashes.  The  hairs  on  the  eyelids.  (F.)  Gils. 
Their  use  seems  to  be,  to  prevent  the  entrance 
into  the  eye  of  light  bodies  flying  in  the  atmo- 
sphere ;  and  to  diminish,  in  certain  cases,  the  in- 
tensity of  light.  Also,  the  tarsi.  Also,  a  pecu- 
liar sort  of  moving  organs,  resembling  small 
hairs,  vi'bratory  or  vi'bratile  cil'ia,  Gil'ia  vibra- 
to'ria,  (F.)  Cils  vibratils,  which  are  visible  with 
the  microscope  in  many  animals.  These  organs 
are  found  on  parts  of  the  bodj',  which  are  habi- 
tually in  contact  with  water,  or  other  more  or 
less  fluid  matters,  and  produce  motion  in  these 
fluids,  impelling  them  along  the  surface  of  the 
parts.  Cilia  have  been  found  to  exist  in  all  ver- 
tebrated  animals  except  fishes,  having  been  dis- 
covered on  the  respiratory  and  uterine  mucous 
membranes  of  mammalia,  birds,  and  reptiles. 

The  terms  "vibratory  motion"  and  "ciliary 
motion"  have  been  used  to  express  the  pheno- 
mena exhibited  by  the  moving  cilia;  and  it  is  pro- 
bable, that  this  motion  is  concerned  in  the  pro- 
gression of  fluids  along  the  membranes.  As  yet, 
the  motion  has  been  observed  only  in  the  direc- 
tion of  the  outlets  of  canals. 
GILIAIRE,  Ciliary. 

CIL'IARY,  Ollia'ris,  (F.)  Oiliaire.  Relating 
to  the  eyelashes,  or  to  cilia.  This  epithet  has, 
also,  been  applied  to  different  parts,  which  enter 


into  the  structure  of  the  eye ;  from  the  resem- 
blance between  some  of  them  {the  ciliary  pro- 
cesses) and  the  eyelashes. 

Ciliary  Ar'teries,  Arte'ria  cilia'res,  (F.)  Ar- 
teres  ciliaires.  These  are  fnrnished  by  the  oph- 
thalmic artery.  They  are  distinguished  into  1* 
Short  or  posterior  (Art.  vveales — Chauss.)  30  or 
40  in  number,  which  are  distributed  to  the  ciliary 
processes.  2.  Long,  {Art.  Iriennes  of  Chauss.,) 
two  in  number,  which,  by  the  anastomoses  of 
their  branches,  form  two  arterial  circles  at  the 
anterior  surface  of  the  iris  :  and,  3.  The  anterior, 
Arte'ri<B  cilia'res  anterio'res  of  Haller,  the  num- 
ber of  which  is  variable.  These  pierce  the  scle- 
rotic a  few  lines  from  its  union  with  the  cornea; 
and  are  principally  distributed  to  the  iris. 

Ciliary  Body,  Corpus  Cilia're,  Nexus  Stamin'- 
eus  Oc'uli,  Coro'na  Cilia'ris,  Ciliary  Disc,  (F.) 
Corps  ciliaire.  A  ring  of  the  choroid  surround- 
ing the  crystalline  in  the  manner  of  a  crown ; 
placed  behind  the  iris  and  the  ciliary  circle.  It 
resembles  the  disk  of  a  radiated  flower,  and  is 
formed  by  the  union  of  the  ciliary  processes. 
See  Ciliary  Muscle. 

Ciliary  Canal,  Canal  of  Fonta'na.  A  small, 
extremely  narrow  circular  space,  formed  between 
the  ciliary  circle,  the  cornea,  and  the  sclerotica. 
It  can  be  filled  with  injection,  and  it  is  not  cer- 
tain that  it  is  not  the  cavity  of  a  blood-vessel. 

Ciliary  Circle,  Ciliary  ligament  —  c.  Disc, 
Ciliary  body — c.  Ganglion,  Ophthalmic  ganglion. 
Ciliary  Lig'ament,  C.  Circle  or  Ping,  Liga- 
men'tum  seu  Instertit"ium  -cilia're,  L.  I'ridis, 
Plexus  cilia'ris,  An'nulus  seu  Cir'cnlus  seu  Or- 
bic'ulus  cilia'ris,  A.  cellulo' sus,  Com'missure  of 
the  Uvea,  Commissure  de  la  Choro'ide,  —  (Ch.,) 
(F.)  Ligament  ou  Cerele  ciliaire,  Cercle  de  la 
Choro'ide,  Ceinture  blanche  de  la  Choro'ide.  A 
species  of  greyish  ring,  of  a  pulpy  consistence, 
situate  between  the  choroid,  iris,  and  sclerotica. 
The  internal  surface  of  the  choroid  is  uniform, 
until  it  approaches  within  ten  lines  and  a-half  of 
the  edge  of  the  cornea;  here  a  dentated  line  is 
observed,  termed  ora  serra'ta.  The  outer  surface 
presents  the  an'nulus  al'bidus  seu  gangliform'is, 
the  anterior  edge  of  which  unites  to  the  inner 
surface  of  the  sclerotica  and  constitutes  the  cili- 
ary ligament. 

Cil'iary  Margin  or  Tarsal  Margin  of  the 
eyelids;  (F.)  Bord  ciliaire.  The  edge  in  which 
the  cUia  or  eyelashes  are  situate. 
Ciliary  Motion,  see  Cilia. 
Ciliary  Muscle,  3Ius'culu8  cilia'ris.  The 
part  of  the  orbicularis  palpebrarum  in  the  vici- 
nity of  the  ciliary  margin.  Also,  the  grej-ish, 
semi-transparent  structure  behind  the  ciliary 
ligament  and  covering  the  outside  of  the  ciliary 
body.  By  its  contraction  the  ciliary  processes, 
and  with  them  the  lens,  must  be  drawn  towards 
the  cornea.  It  appears  to  be  the  same  muscle  as 
the  Tensor  choro'idem  or  choroid  muscle  of  seme 
anatomists. 

Ciliary  Nerves  {Nerfs  Iriens, — Chauss.)  (F  ) 
Nerfs  ciliaires.  These  are  12  to  16  in  number. 
They  arise  from  the  nasal  nerve,  and  particu- 
larly from  the  anterior  part  of  the  ophthalmic 
ganglion ;  and  unite  in  two  fasciculi,  which 
pass  around  the  optic  nerve,  and  pierce  the  scle- 
rotica near  the  entrance  of  that  nerve  into  tho 
eye.  They  are  lost  in  the  ciliary  ligament. 
Ciliary  Plexus,  C.  Ligament. 
Ciliary  Proc" esses,  Proces'sus  cilia'res, 
Pad' a  seu  StricB  cilia'res,  Rayons  sotts-iriens  — 
(Ch.,)  (F.)  Proces  ciliaires.  Triangular  folds, 
sixty  or  eighty  in  number,  placed  at  the  side  of 
each  other,  and  radiating,  so  as  to  resemble  the 
disk  of  a  radiated  flower.  They  are  lodged  in 
depressions  at  the  anterior  part  of  the  vftreouj 


CILIATED 


206 


CINCHONA 


humour.      The  uses  of  these  processes  are  not 
known. 

Ciliary  Ring,  Ciliary  ligament. 
Ciliary  Stride  are  numerous,  pale,  radiated 
Etriie  in  the  posterior  portion  of  the  Corpus  cili- 
are,  but  so  covered  by  the  Pigmentmn  nigrum,  as 
not  to  be  distinctly  seen  till  the  paint  is  removed. 
The  ciliary  processes  are  formed  by  these  striae. 

Ciliary  Vfiixs,  (F.)  Veines  ciliaires,  follow 
nearly  the  same  course  as  the  arteries.  In  the 
choroid  they  are  so  tortuous,  that  they  have  re- 
ceived the  name  Vasa  vortieo'sa.  They  open  into 
the  ophthalmic  vein. 

Ciliary  Zone,  Zona  seu  Zo'nnla  Cilia'ris, 
Jfembraii'ula  C'oro'ncB  Cilia'ris.  Under  the  cor- 
pus ciliare,  the  capsule  of  the  vitreous  humour 
sends  off  an  external  lamina,  which  accompanies 
the  retina,  and  is  inserted,  with  it,  into  the  fore- 
part of  the  capsule  of  the  lens,  a  little  before  its 
anterior  edge.  This  is  the  Zonula  ciliaris,  Zo- 
nula Zin'nii  or  Zonula  of  Zinn,  C'oro'na  Cilia'- 
ris, Orbic'ulus  Cilia'ris.  It  is  of  a  striated  ap- 
pearance and  circular  form,  and  assists  in  fixing 
the  lens  to  the  vitreous  humour. 

CIL'IATED,  Cilia' tiis;  tram  cilia.  Provided 
■with  cilia — as  "ciliated  epithelium,"  the  epithe- 
lium to  which  vibratory  cilia  are  attached. 

CILLEMENT,  Xictation. 

CILLO.  A  name  given  by  some  authors  to 
those  whose  upper  eyelid  is  perpetually  tremu- 
lous ; — a  trembling,  which  in  some  cases  is  called 
Life's  blood.  "  To  have  life's  blood  in  the  eye," 
in  other  words,  is  to  have  this  affection.  Vogel 
calls  it  Cillo'ais. 

CILLOSIS,  CiUo. 

CILS,  Cilia — c.  Vibratils,  see  Cilia. 
'  CIMEX,  Koris,  Koptg,  Cimex  lectxda'rius.  The 
Wall  or  House  or  Bed  Bug  or  Chinche.  (F.) 
Punaise.  Six  or  seven  of  these,  given  internally, 
are  said  to  have  prevented  ague  !  There  is 
scarcely  any  thing  which  is  sufficiently  disgust- 
ing, that  has  not  been  exhibited  for  this  purpose, 
and  with  more  or  less  success.  The  bug  has  also 
been  esteemed  emmenagogue. 

CIMICIFUGA,  Actcea  racemosa. 

CIMO'LIA  PURPURES'CENS,  Terra  Sapo- 
na'riaf  Terra  Fullon'ica,  Fxdler's  Earth.  A  com- 
pact, bolar  earth,  employed  in  the  arts.  Used  at 
times  as  a  cooling  application  to  inflamed  nip- 
ples, &c. 

Cimo'lia  Terra,  Cimo'lia  alha,  Smectis,  Smec- 
Iris,  Cimo'lui;  from  Ki//uAoj,  an  island  in  the 
Cretan  Sea,  where  it  is  procured.  It  was  formerly 
used  as  an  astringent,  &c.  —  Scribqnius  L.irgus, 
Pliny.     Probably,  the  same  as  the  last. 

CINA  CINA,  Cinchona — c.  Levantica,  Arte- 
misia Santonica, 

CINABARIS,  Hydrargyri  sulphuretum  ru- 
brum. 

CINABARIUM,  Hydrargyri  sulphuretum  ru- 
brum. 

CIN'ABRA,  Grasus.  The  smell  of  a  he-goat. 
A  rank  smell,  like  that  of  the  armpit,  Hircus 
ala'rum. 

CIN^DIA,  Masturbation. 

CINARA  HORTEXSIS,  Cynara  scolymus— c. 
Bcolymus,  Cynara  Scolymus. 

CIXCUO'NA.  So  called  from  the  Spanish 
Viceroy's  lady,  the  Countess  de  Cinchon,  who 
was  cured  of  fever  by  it  at  Lima,  about  1G3S. 
Called  also  Cortex  seu  Pulvis  Jesuit'icus,  Jesuit's 
Bark  or  Powder,  Cortex  Patrum,  because  it  was 
introduced  into  Europe  by  the  Jesuits  ;  and  also 
Pulvis  Comilis'scB  or  the  Countess's  Powder,  and 
Cardinal  del  Lugo's  Powder,  Cortex  Ctirdina'lls 
de  Lugo,  because  he  introduced  it  at  Rome.  It 
is  the  pharmacopoeial  name  of  several  kinds  of 
barki  from  various   species   of  Cinchona,  from 


the  western  coast  of  South  America.  No.t.  Order, 
Cinchonacese.  Sex.  Syst.  Pentandria  Mocogy- 
nia.  Called,  also.  Cortex,  Bark,  Peruvi-xn  Bark, 
English  Remedy,  Cortex  Chinch,  Cortix  ChintB 
Regius,  China,  Chinchi'na,  Palos  de  Colsntura, 
Kina  Kina,  [Bark  of  Barks,)  Kinki'na,  Cina 
Cina,  Quina  Quina,  Quinqui'na,  Magnum  Dei 
donum,  (F.)  Quinquina. 

Cincho'n.«  Carib^'je  Cortex,  from  Exos- 
tem'ma  CarihcB'um,  Caribm'an  Bark;  Saint  Lu- 
cia Bark,  (F.)  Ecorce  de  Saint  Lucie,  Quin- 
quina Piton,  from  Exoste'ma  floribund'um  ;  and 
the  Pitaya  Bark,  Quinqxiina  bi'eolor,  from  an 
exostemma(?)  or  from  strychnos  pseudoquina(?), 
are  useful  substitutes  for  the  cinchona  of  Peru. 
These  are  the  most  important  spurious  barks. 
They  contain  neither  quinia  nor  cinchonia. 

Cinchona  Cordifo'li^  Cortex,  Cortex  favus, 
CinchoncB  officina'lis  cortex  flaws.  Yellow  Bark, 
Calisay'a  Bark,  (F.)  Quinquina  jaune  ou  jaitne 
royal,  Calasaya.  Odour  aromatic ;  taste  strong, 
bitter,  astringent.  Xot  rolled ;  often  without  the 
epidermis,  which  is  very  thick  and  inert;  light, 
friable;  fracture  fibrous.    Active  principle  Quinia. 

Cinchona  Laxctfo'lIjE  Cortex,  Cortex  Peru- 
via'nus.  Cortex  pal'lidns.  Cinchona  officina'iis 
cortex  commu'nis,  Cinchona  pallida.  Pale  Bark, 
Loxa  Bark,  Croicn  Bark,  (F.)  Quinquina  gris  de 
Loxa,  Quinqxiina  Orange.  Its  odour  is  aromatic; 
taste  pleasant,  bitter,  and  astringent.  The  pieces 
are  rolled  in  double  or  single  quills.  Epidermis 
brown,  cracked;  fracture  resinous.  Internally 
of  a  cinnamon  colour.  Its  active  principle  is 
Cinchonia. 

CiNCHO>f^E  Oblongifo'li^  Cortex,  Cortex 
ruber,  Cinchona  officina'lis  cortex  ruler,  Bed 
Bark,  (F.)  Quinquina  rouge.  Odour  and  taste 
the  same  as  the  pale,  but  more  intense  :  in  large 
flat  pieces,  solid,  heavy,  dry ;  fracture  short  and 
smooth;  of  a  deep  brownish-red  colour.  .Al- 
though this  variety  of  bark  is  assigned  to  the 
Cinchona  oblongifolia  by  some,  it  would  seem, 
that  nothing  is  certainly  known  as  to  its  source. 
Active  jirinciples,  Cinchonia  and  Quinia. 

The  last  three  are  the  only  officinal  varieties 
in  the  Pharmacopceia  of  the  United  States.  There 
are  many  other  varieties,  however,  which  are 
genuine  cinchona  barks,  and  j-et  have  not  been 
considered  worthy  of  an  officinal  position.  The 
Edinburgh  Pharmacopoeia  admits,  indeed,  Cin- 
chona  cinerea,  Grey  bark.  Silver  bark  or  Snanueo 
bark,  which  is  obtained  around  Iluanuco  in  Peru, 
and  lielongs  to  the  class  of  pale  barks.  Among.'-t 
the  genuine  but  inferior  barks  are  those  brought 
from  the  northern  Atlantic  ports  of  South  Ame- 
rica, which,  in  commerce,  are  variously  called 
Carthagena,  3Iaracaybo  and  Santa  Martha  barks. 

All  these  barks  are  hitter,  astringent,  tonic, 
and  eminently  febrifuge.  The  yellow  bark  h:is 
been  thought  equal  to  any  of  the  others,  but  the 
red  contains  more  active  principle.  The  discovery 
of  their  active  principles  is  one  of  the  most  im- 
portant gifts  of  modern  chymistry.  Still,  in  per- 
nicious intermittcnts,  the  bark,  in  substance,  is 
often  demanded.  It  is  emploj-ed  in  every  disease 
in  which  there  is  deficient  tone,  but  in  cases 
where  the  stomach  is  much  debilitated,  the  pow- 
der had  better  be  avoided  in  consequence  of  the 
woody  fibre,  which  might  disagree.  Externally, 
it  is  used  in  enemata,  gargles,  &c.,  and  in  gan- 
grenous ulcerations.  AVhen  it  excites  nausea,  an 
aromatic  may  be  added  to  it;  if  purging,  opium; 
if  costiveness,  rhubarb,  <tc.  Dose,  ^ss  to  3J  <'r 
more. 

Essential  Salt  op  Bark,  as  it  is  called,  is 
an  extract,  prepared  b}'  macerating  the  bruised 
substance  of  bark  in  cold  water,  and  submitung 
the  infusion  to  a  very  slow  evaporation. 


CINCHONIA 


2or 


CIRCULUS 


CiNCHOJ^A  Officinalis  (Cortex  Flatus,) 
Cinchonse  cordifoliEe  cortex — c.  Pallida,  Cinchonse 
lancifolite  cortex — c.  of  Virginia,  Magnolia  glanca. 

CINCHONIA,  Cinchonine  —  o.  Tannate  of, 
Quinse  et  cinchoniae  tannas. 

CINCH'ONINE,  Cinchoni'na,  CincTionin,  Cin- 
cho'nia.  The  active  principle  of  Cincho'na  lan- 
cifo'lia.  An  organic,  crystalline  alkali;  of  a 
white  colour,  and  bitter,  slightly  astringent  taste ; 
very  soluble  in  alcohol  and  ether,  but  almost  iu- 
Boluble  in  water. 

Sulphate  of  CincTionia,  which  is  formed  directly 
from  ciuchonia,  is  soluble  in  water  and  alcohol. 
The  action  of  the  sulphate  of  cinchonia  is  similar 
to  that  of  the  sulphate  of  quinia,:  but  it  is  less 
energetic,  and  consequently  requires  to  be  given 
in  a  larger  dose. 

CiNCHONiXE,  Tartrate  of,  see  Quinine,  tar- 
trate of. 

CINCHONISM,  Quininism. 

CINCIN'NULUS.    A  little  lock  or  curl  of  hair. 

CINCIN'NUS.  A  curled  or  frizzled  lock.  The 
hair  on  the  temples. 

CINC'LICIS,  Cindts'mns,  'agitation;  rapid 
and  frequent  motion.'  The  movement  of  the 
thorax  in  dyspnoea. — Ilippoerates.  It  has  been 
used,  also,  synonymously  with  nictation. 

CINCLISMUS,  Cinclisis. 

CINEFAGTIO,  Incineration. 

CINE 'MA,  Cine' sis,  from  Kivs<ii,  '1  move.' 
Motion. 

CINERARIA  MARITIMA,  Achaovan,  Abiat. 

CINERES  CLAVELLATI,  see  Potash  — c. 
Gravellati,  see  Potash  —  c.  Russici,  Potash  of 
commerce. 

CINEREUS,  Cineritious. 

CINERIT"IOUS,  Ciner'em,  from  cineres, 
'ashes;'  (F.)  Cendre.  Of  the  colour  of  ashes. 
The  cortical  substance  of  the  brain,  and  the  vesi- 
cular neurine  in  general,  have  been  so  called. 
See  Cortex  Cerebri,  and  Neurine. 

CINESIS,  Cinema,  Motion. 

CINETH'MICS,  from  kivm,  'I  move.'  The 
Science  of  movements  in  general. 

CINETIC,  Motory. 

CINET'ICA.  Same  etymon.  Diseases  affect- 
ing the  muscles,  and  characterized  by  irregular 
action  of  the  muscles  or  muscular  fibres,  commonly 
denominated  Spasm.  The  3d  order  in  the  class 
Nexirotica  of  Good.  Also,  agents  that  affect  the 
voluntary  or  involuntary  motions. — Percira. 

CINETUS,  Diaphragm. 

CINGULARIA,  Lycopodium. 

CIN'GULUM,  Zone,  from  cingo,  'I  bind.'  (F.) 
Ceintnre.  A  cincture.  A  girdle.  The  part  of 
the  body,  situate  below  the  ribs,  to  which  the 
girdle  is  applied.     The  icaist. 

Cin'gulum  Hilda'ni,  Zo'mda  Hilda'ni,  (F.) 
Ceintnre  de  Hildane.  A  leathern  girdle  formerly 
used  for  the  reduction  of  luxations  and  fractures 
of  the  extremities. 

Cin'gulum:  Mercuria'lE,  C.  Sapien'tice,  C. 
Stultit"i(B.  A  woollen  girdle,  containing  mercu- 
rial ointment.  It  was  used  as  an  antisyphilitic, 
B.nd  in  diseases'  of  the  skin.  (F.)  Ceinture  de  vif 
Sargent. 

CiNGULUM  Sancti  Joannis,  Artemisia  Vulgaris. 

CINIS  F^CUM,  see  Potash— c.  Infeetorius, 
Bee  Potash. 

CINNABARIS,  Hydrargyri  sulphuretum  ru- 
brum  —  c.  Grajcorum,  see  Calamus  rotang. 

CINNAMOMUM,  Laurus  cinnamomum  —  c. 
Album,  Canella  alba — c.  Aromaticum,  see  Laurus 
cinnamomum — c.  Culilawan,  Laurus  Culilawan — 
c.  Indicum,  Laurus  cassia  —  e.  MageUanicum, 
Wintera  aromat'ca — e.  Malabarieum,  Laurus  cas- 
sia—  c.  Zeylanicam,  Laurus  cinnamomum. 


CINNAMON,  see   Laurus   cinnamomum  —  c, 
Malabar,  Laurus  cassia — c.  Wild,  Laurus  cassia. 
CINON'OSI,  from  Kivm,  'I  move/  and  voan;, 
'  z,  disease.'     Diseases  of  motion. 

CINOPLANE'SIS,  from  Kivew,  'I  move,'  and 
7rXav)?<rtj,  'a  wandering  about.'  Irregularity  oi 
motion. 

CINQUEFOIL,  Potentilla  reptans— c.  Marsh, 
Comarum  palustre  —  c.  Norway,  Potentilla  Nor- 
vegica. 

CINZILLA,  Herpes  zoster. 
CION,  Uvula. 

CI'ONIS.  The  U'vula.  Also,  tumefaction,  or 
elongation  of  the  uvula;  Staphylodial'ysis. 

CIONI'TIS,  from  Kwvig,  'the  uvula,'  and  itis, 
'inflammation.'  Inflammation  of  the  uvula, 
Uvuli'tis. 

CIONORRHAPHIA,  Staphyloraphy. 

CIOT'OMY,  Ciotom'ia, Cionot'omy, Cionotom'ia-, 
from  Kiwv,  'the  uvula,'  and  Tofirj,  'incision.'  Ex- 
cision of  the  uvula  when  too  long. 

CIPIPA,  see  Jatropha  manihot. 

CIRC^A,  Atropa  mandragora,  Circaea  Lute- 
tian a. 

CirCje'a  Lutetia'na,  Circm'a,  Paris'ian  Cir- 
cai'a,  from  Circe,  the  enchantress;  Enchant'em' 
Nightshade,  (F.)  Herhe  de  Saint  Etienne,  Herhe 
aux  Sorciers.  This  plant,  common  in  the  vicinity 
of  Paris,  wa?  formerly  considered  to  be  resolvent 
and  vulnerary.  It  was  also  supposed  to  possess 
wonderful  magical  and  enchanting  properties. 

CIRCINUS,  Herpes  zoster. 

CIRCLE,  Circulus  — c.  Cilir.ry,  Ciliary  liga- 
ment—  c.  of  Willis,  see  Circulus. 

CIRCOCELE,  Cirsocele. 

CIIiCONCISION,  Circumcision. 

CmCONFLEXE,  Circumflexus. 

CIRCONSCEIT,  Circumscribed. 

CIRCONVOLUTION,  Convolution. 

CIRCUIT,  Circu'itus ;  in  pathological  lan- 
guage, generally  means  'period,'  'course.' 

CIRCUITUS,  Period,  Circuit. 

CIR'CULAR,  Circula'ris,  from  circulus,  'a 
circle.'  (F.)  Circnlaire.  Having  the  form  of 
a  circle  ;  as  Circular  Anqnitation,  &c. 

The  French  use  the  expression  "Une  circn- 
laire," for  a  turn  of  a  bandage  around  any  part. 

Circular  Sinus  of  Ridley,  Sinus  coronarins. 

CIRCULA'TION,  Circida'tio,  Cyclophor'ia, 
Periodus  san'guinis,  irora  c?Vc?(?i(s,  '  a  circle  ;'  or 
rather,  from  circum,  'around,'  unA  ferre,  latvm, 
'  to  carry.'  CF.)  Circidation.  Physiologists  give 
this  name  to  the  motion  of  the  blood  through  the 
diff'erent  vessels  of  the  body — savguimotion  ; — to 
that  function,  by  which  the  blood,  setting  out 
from  the  left  ventricle  of  the  heart,  is  distributed 
to  every  part  of  the  body  by  the  arteries  ;  — pro- 
ceeds into  the  veins,  returns  to  the  heart,  enters 
the  right  auricle,  and  passes  into  the  correspond- 
ing ventricle,  which  sends  it  into  the  pulmonary 
artery  to  be  distributed  to  the  lungs,  whence  it 
issues  by  the  pulmonary  veins,  and  passes  into 
the  left  auricle.  From  this  it  is  sent  into  the  left 
ventricle,  and  is  again  distributed  by  means  of 
the  arteries. 

Circula'tion,  Cap'illary,  C.  des  Parenchyvjen, 
is  that  which  takes  place  in  the  capillary  vessel?  ; 
and  is,  in  some  measure,  independent  of  the  ac- 
tion of  the  heart.     See  Capillary  Vessels. 

Circulation,  Pulmon'ic  or  lesser,  is  the  cir- 
cle from  the  right  to  the  left  side  of  the  heart  by 
the  lungs.  —  The  greater  or  systemat'ic  or 
SYSTEJt'ic,  is  that  through  the  rest  of  the  system. 

CIRCULATOR,  Charlatan. 

CIR'CULATORY,  Circidato'rius ;  same  ety- 
mon as  circulation.  Relating  to  the  circulation 
as  of  the  blood ; — sanguiwo'tory. 

CIR'CULUS.     A  circle  or  img,  Ct/clus.  Ci' 


CIRCUMAGEXTES 


20S 


CIRSOMPHALUS 


rlos,  (F.)  Oerde.  Any  part  of  the  body  which  is 
round  or  annular,  as  Cir'culue  Oc'nii — the  r/lohe, 
hiilb,  or  orb  of  the  eye. — Hippocr.,  Galen.  It  is, 
also,  applied  to  objects,  which  by  no  means  form 
a  circle,  —  as  to  the  Circle  of  Willis,  Cir' cuius 
arterio'susWillie'ii,yf}iiQh.ii&n  anastomotic  circle 
at  the  base  of  the  brain,  formed  by  the  anterior 
and  the  posterior  cerebral  arteries  and  the  com- 
municating arteries  of  Willis. 

CiRCULUs  Arterio'sus  I'ribis.  The  artery 
vrhich  runs  round  the  iris,  and  forms  a  circle. 

CiRCULus  Arteriosus  Willisii,  Circle  of  Wil- 
lis, see  Circulus  —  c.  Ciliaris,  Ciliary  ligament  — 
C.  Membranosus,  Hymen. 

Circulus  Quad'euplex  ;  a  kind  of  bandage 
used  by  the  ancients. 

Circulus  Toxsilla'ris.  A  plexus  formed  by 
the  tonsillitic  branches  of  the  glosso-pharyngeal 
nerve  around  the  base  of  the  tonsil. 

Circulus  Ven'o'sus,  Figu'ra  veno'sa,  Vena  seu 
Sinus  termina'Us.  The  venous  circle  in  the  em- 
bryo, which  bounds  the  Area  Vasculosa  or  Vascu- 
lijr  Area. 

CIRCUMAGENTES,  Oblique  muscles  of  the 
eve. 
'  CIRCUMCAULALIS      MEMBEAXA,    Con- 
junctiva. 

CIRCUMCISIO,  Circumcision  —  e.  Fcemina- 
rum.  see  Circumcision. 

CIRCUMCIS'ION,  Circumcis'io,  Posthet'omy, 
PrcBcis'io  seu  Ahscis'io  Prapu'tii,  Circumcieu'ra, 
Cireumsec'tio,  Perit'ome,  from  circum,  'around,' 
and  cadere,  'to  cut.'  (F.)  Circoncision.  An  an- 
cient operation,  performed  by  some  nations  as  a 
religious  ceremony.  It  consists  in  removing  cir- 
cularly a  portion  of  the  prepuce  of  infants  : — a 
custom,  which  was  probably  suggested  with  a 
view  to  cleanliness.  In  eases  of  extraordinary 
length  of  prepuce,  or  when  affected  with  disease, 
the  operation  is  sometimes  undertaken  by  sur- 
geons. A  similar  operation  is  performed,  amongst 
the  Egyptians,  Arabians,  and  Persians,  on  the 
female,  Circumcis'io  fremina' rum,  by  removing  a 
portion  of  the  nymphse,  and  at  times  the  clitoris. 

CIRCUMCISURA,  Circumcision. 

CIRCUMDUCTIO,  Perispbalsis. 

CIRCUMDUCTIONIS  OPIFEX,  ObUquus 
superior  oculi. 

CIPlCUMFLEX,  Circumflex' us,  from  circum, 
'around,'  and  flexus.  'bent.'  (F.)  Circonflexe. 
Curved  circularly.  A  name  given  to  several 
organs. 

Circumflex  or  Artic'ular  Ar'teries  of  the 
arm  are  distinguished  into  anterior  and  ^josfe- 
rior.  They  arise  from  the  axillary,  and  are  dis- 
tributed around  the  shoulder. 

Circumflex  Arteries  of  the  Thigh  are  dis- 
tinguished into  external  and  internal, — A.  Sous- 
trochanteriennes — Ch.  They  are  given  off  from 
the  Profunda,  and  surround  the  head  of  the  thigh 
bone. 

Circumflex  Muscle,  Circumflexus  Ifus'culus, 
Tensor  Palu'ti,  Peristaphyli'nus  exter'nus  vel  in- 
ferior, Ctrcumflex'us  Pala'ti  Mollis,  Spheno-sal- 
plucjo-staplnjli'nus  seu  StapJiyli'nus  exter'nus, 
Jfas'culus  tubes  novcB,  Pala'to-salpiingeus,  Pter'- 
y(jo  -  staphyli'nus,  Petro-saljnn'go  -  staphyli'nus, 
tSpheno -piter'ygo  -palati'nus,  Salpinr/o -  staphyW- 
iiits,  (F.)  Palato-salpingien.  A  muscle,  which 
arises  from  the  spinous  process  of  the  sphenoid 
fc-tne.  and  is  inserted  into  the  velum  pjendulum 
palfUi.     Its  use  is  to  stretch  the  velum. 

CincuMFLEX  Nerve.  This  arises  from  the 
brachial  plexus  by  a  common  trunk  with  the 
lausculo-spiral  nervo.  It  divides  into  numerous 
branches,  which  arc  distributed  to  the  deltoid. 

Circumflex  Veixs  follow  the  arteries. 

CIRCUMFORANEUS,  Charlatan. 


CIRCUMFU'SA.  Halle  has  thus  designated 
the  first  class  of  subjects  that  belong  to  Hygiene 
—  as  atmosphere,  climate,  residence,  Ac;  in 
short,  every  thing  which  acts  constantly  on  man 
externally  and  generally. 

CIRCUMGYRATIO,  Vertigo. 

CIRCUMLIGATURA,  Paraphimosis. 

CIRCUMLIT"IO,  from  circumlino,  'I  anoint 
all  over.'  Perich'risis,  Perichris'ton.  A  term 
formerly  used  for  liniments,  but  especially  for 
those  applied  to  the  ej'elids. 

CIRCUMOSSALE,  Periosteum. 

CIR'CUMSCRIBED,  Circumscrip'tus,  {'E.)Cir- 
conscrit.  A  term  applied,  in  pathology,  to  tu- 
mours, which  are  distinct  at  their  base  from  the 
surrounding  parts. 

CIRCL'MSECTIO,  Circumcision. 

CIRCUMVALLAT^  PAPILLA,  see  Papillse 
of  the  Tongue. 

CIRE  JAUNE  ET  BLANCHE,  Cera  flava 
et  alba — c.  des  Oreilles,  Cerumen. 

CIRIOS,  Circulus. 

CUiON,  Acarus,  Psora. 

CIRRHAGRA,  Plica— c.  Polonomm,  Plica. 

CIRRHON'OSUS;  from  icippo?,  'yellow,'  and 
vouoi,  '  disease.'  A  disease  of  the  foetus,  in  which 
there  is  a  yellow  coloration  of  the  serous  mem- 
branes.— Siebenhaar. 

CHIRHOSE  1)V  FOIE,  Cirrhosis. 

CIRRHO'SIS,  Cirrhono' sis,  KirrTiono'sis,  from 
Kippo(,  'yellow.'  A  yellow  colouring  matter, 
sometimes  secreted  in  the  tissues,  owing  to  a 
morbid  process.  Also,  called  CirrJio'sis  or  Kir- 
r  ho' sis. 

CiRRHo'sis  Hep'atis,  See  Hepatatrophia. 
Gran'ulated,  grnn'ular,  mam'millated,  tuber'cu- 
lated,  and  hob-nailed  liver,  (F.)  Cirrhose  du  Foie. 
It  appears  to  be  dependent  upon  repletion  of  the 
terminal  extremities  of  the  biliary  ducts  with 
bile,  along  with  atrophy  of  the  intervening  pa- 
renchyma. Hence  the  liver  is  smaller  in  size,  or 
atrophied. 

Cirrhosis  Hepatis,  see  Cirrhosis. 

Cirrhosis  of  the  Luxg,  Cirrho'sis pnlmo'num^ 
Dr.  Corrigan  has  described  a  condition  of  the 
lung  under  this  name,  the  general  character  of 
v,'hich  he  considers  to  be  a  tendency  to  consoli- 
dation or  contraction  of  the  pulmonary  tissue, 
with  dilatation  of  the  bronchial  tubes. 

Cirrhosis  Pulmoxum,  C.  of  the  Lung. 

CIR'SIUM  ARYEN'SE,  Car'duus  hemorrho- 
'ida'lis,  Ceano'thos,  (F.)  Chardon  hemorrhoidal. 
A  common  plant,  used  in  France  in  the  form  of 
cataplasm  in  hemorrhoids ;  and  worn  as  an 
amulet. 

CIRSIU:M  JIACULATUM,  Carduus  marianus. 

CIRSOCE'LE,  Circoce'le,  Cirsos'chevm,  from 
Kipcro;,  'varix,'  and  K17X77,  'hernia;'  Yar'icose  Her'- 
nia.  The  greater  jiart  of  authors  have  employed 
the  term  synonymously  with  Varicocele.  Pott 
gives  it  a  difierent  signification.  Varicocele,  he 
calls  the  tumour  formed  by  the  veins  of  the  scro- 
tum ;  Circocele,  Funic' ulus  varico'sus,  the  vari- 
cose dilatation  of  the  spermatic  veins.  The  scro- 
tum feels  as  if  it  contained  earthworms.  It  is 
commonly  an  afi"eetion  of  no  consequence,  de- 
manding merely  the  use  of  a  suspensory  bandage. 

CIRSOi'DES,  Cirso'des,  from  kiouos,  'varix,' 
and  ciSos,  'resemblance.'  Varicose,  or  resembling 
a  varix.  Rufus  of  Ephesus,  according  to  James, 
applies  this  term  to  the  upper  part  of  the  brain, 
as  well  as  to  the  spermatic  vessels. 

CIRSOM'PHALL'S,  from  Kipaos,  'varix,'  and 
oiKpaXog,  'navel.'  Varicose  dilatation  of  the  veins 
surrounding  the  navel.  The  term  has,  likewise, 
been  applied  to  the  aneurismal  dilatation  of  the 
arteries  of  that  region  ;  called  also,  Varicomph'- 
alus,  (Y.) Hargne (uievrysmale,  Aneurismul Hernia, 


CIRS  OPHTHALMIA 


2(19 


CITRUS 


CIRSOPHTHAL'MIA,  Cirsophthal'miis,  Te- 
laiigiecta'sia  oculi,  from  kl^gos,  'varix/  and  o0- 
Baifios,  'the  eyej'  Var'icose  ophtlial'mia,  Oph- 
thalmia varico'sa,  Varicos'itaa  conjuncti'vcB.  A 
high  degree  of  ophthalmia,  in  which  the  vessels 
of  the  coniunctiva  are  considerably  injected. 

CIRSOSCHEUM,  Cirsocele. 

CIRSOT'OMY,  Cirsotom'ia,  from  Kipaos,  'a 
'varix,'  and  ro/ij?,  'an  incision.'  Any  oijeration 
for  the  removal  of  varices  by  incision. 

CIRSUS,  Varix. 

CIRSYDROSCHEOCE'LE,  from  /cipo-oj,  'va- 
rix,' 'v5ii>p,  '  water,'  oa')(eov,  the  '  scrotum.'  Vari- 
cocele with  water  in  the  scrotum. 

CISEAUX,  Scissors. 

CISSA,  Malacia. 

CISSAMPELOS,  Pareira  brava. 

Cissam'pelos  Capejt'sis,  Nat.  Ord.  Menisper- 
maceas,  grows  in  almost  every  mountainous  part 
of  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope.  The  root  is  used 
as  an  emetic  and  cathartic  by  the  Boers. 

CISSARUS,  Cistus  Creticus. 

CISSI'NUM,  from  kkto-o?,  'ivy.'  Name  of  a 
plaster  of  ivy,  used  in  wounds  of  the  nerves  or 
tendons. — Paulus  of  iEgina. 

CISSOIDES,  Capreolaris. 

CISSOS,  Hedera  helix. 

CISTERN,  LUMBAR,  Receptaculum  chyli. 

CISTER'NA,  from  Kiarr,,  (L.)  Chta,  'a  chest.' 
(F.)  Citerne.  This  term  has  been  applied  to  va- 
rious parts  of  the  body,  which  serve  as  reservoirs 
for  diiferent  fluids.  The  fourth  ventricle  of  the 
brain  has  been  so  called. — Arantius. 

CisTERXA  Chyli,  Receptaculum  chyli. 

CISTHORUS,  Cjstus  Creticus. 

CISTOCELE,  Cyptocelc. 

CISTUS  CANADENSIS,  Helianthemum  Ca- 
nadensis. 

Cistus  Cre'ticus,  0.  salvifo'Uus  seu  tau'ricus, 
Ci-^'thorua,  Cis'sarus,  Dorycin'ium,  Gum  Cistus. 
Sex.  Sysr.  Polyandria  Monogynia.  The  syste- 
matic name  of  the  plant  whence  the  Lahda'num, 
Lahda'men  or  Lnda'num,  Gum'mi  Lahda'num,  is 
obtained.  Lada'niim  is  a  gum-resinous  substance, 
of  a  very  agreeable  smell,  found  in  the  shops  in 
great  masses.  Its  colour  is  blackish-green;  taste, 
warm  and  bitter.  It  is  but  little  used  now.  For- 
merly, it  was  a  component  of  warm  plasters,  and 
was  prescribed  internally  as  a  stomachic.  Lada- 
num  is  also  obtained  from  Cistus  ladanif'erus, 
and  C.  laurifo'lius. 

CiSTTJS,  Gujr,  Cistus  Creticus  —  e.  Salvifolius, 
C.  Creticus — c.  Tauricus,  C.  Creticus. 

CITERNE  L  0MB AIRE,  Receptaculum  chyli. 

CITHARUS,  Thorax. 

CITRAGO,  Melissa. 

CITRARIA,  Melissa. 

CITRAS  CHINICUS,  Quinije  citras. 

CITREA  MALUS,  see  Citrus  medica. 

CITREOLUS,  Cucumis  sativus. 

CITRIC  ACID,  Acidum  cit'ricum.  Acid  of  Le- 
mons, Ac"idum  Limo'num,  (F.)  Acide  citriqne. 
This  acid  is  found  in  the  lemon,  orange,  &e.  It 
is  in  rhomboidal  prisms,  which  slightly  effloresce 
on  exposure  to  the  air.  It  dissolves  in  a  twelfth 
part  of  its  weight  in  boiling  water,  and  has  an 
extremely  acid  but  agreeable  taste.  It  is  em- 
ployed in  medicine  as  antiseptic,  refrigerant  and 
diuretic.  Rubbed  up  with  sugar  and  with  a  little 
of  the  essence  of  lemon,  it  forms  the  dry  Lemon- 
ade, (F.)  Limonade  alehe. 

CITRINE  OINTMENT,  Unguentum  hydrar- 
gyri  nitratis. 

CITRON,  see  Citrus  medica — c.  Tree,  see  Ci- 
trus medica. 

GITRONELLE,  Artemisia  abrotanum,  Me- 
liiiBa. 

U 


CITRUL,  SICILIAN,  Cucurbita  citruUus. 

CITRULLUS,  Cucurbita  eitruUus. 

CiTRULLUS  Ama'rus.  An  African  plant,  Nat. 
Ord.  Cucurbitaceae,  called  by  the  Boers  Bitter- 
appel  or  Wild  Watermelon,  the  pulp  of  which, 
like  that  of  colocynth,  is  a  drastic  cathartic. 

CiTRULLUS  CoLOCYNTHis,  Cucumis  colocynthis. 

CITRUS,  see  Citrus  medica — c.  Acida,  see 
Lime. 

CiTHUs  Auean'tium.  The  systematic  name«of 
the  Orange  Tree,  Auran'tium,-  A.  Sispalen'se, 
Malus  Auran'tia  31a jor.  Mains  Auran'tia,  Auran'- 
tinm  vrdga're,  Mains  Auran'tia  vnlga'ris,  Ci'trvs 
vulga'ris.  Nat.  Ord.  Aurantiaceaj.  Sex.  Syst. 
Polyadelphia  Icosandria.  The  fruit  are  called 
3Iala  Au'rea,  Chrysome'lia,  Neran'tia,  3Iartia'na 
Poma,  Poma  Auran'tia,  Auran'tia  Curassav'ica, 
Poma  Chinen'sia,  Oranges.  The  Flowers  of  the 
Orange,  Flores  NaphcB,  are  highly  odoriferous, 
and  used  as  a  perfume.  On  distillation,  they 
yield  a  small  quantity  of  essential  oil —  O'leum 
Auran'tii,  Oleum  vel  Essen'tia  Nero'li,  —  with 
spirit  and  water,  the  Aqua  Florwn  Auran'tii, 
Aqua  aurantii,  Orange-flower  tcater.  They  were 
once  used  in  convulsive  and  epileptic  cases.  The 
leaves,  Fo'lia  Auran'tii,  have  a  bitterish  taste, 
and  furnish  an  essential  oil.  They  have  been 
used  for  the  same  purposes  as  the  flowers.  The 
yellow  rind  of  the  fruit.  Cortex  Auran'tii,  Orange 
Peel,  is  an  aromatic  bitter,  and  is  used  in  dys- 
pepsia, and  where  that  class  of  remedies  is  re- 
quired. The  Juice,  Succua  Auran'tii,  Orange 
juice,  is  a  grateful  acid,  and  used  as  a  beverage 
in  febrile  and  scorbutic  aiFections. 

Citrus  Bergamia,  Citrus  mella  rosa  —  c.  Li- 
metta,  see  Citrus  mella  rosa. 

Citrus  Med'ica,  C.  Limo'num.  The  systematic 
name  of  the  Lemon  Tree.  The  Lemon,  Limo'num 
malum,  Limo'num  Baccct^  Malus  Med'ica,  Malus 
Limo'nia  Ac"ida,  Limon,  Cit'rea  Malus,  Citrus, 
(F.)  Citron,  Cedrat,  has  a  fragrant  odour,  depend- 
ing upon  the  essential  oil,  O'leum  Limo'nis,  of 
the  rind.  The  outer  rind,  Cortex  Limo'num,. 
Lemon  Peel,  Zest,  Flave'do  Cortieum  Citri,  is  used 
in  the  same  cases  as  the  Cortex  Auran'tii. 

The  juice,  Succua  Limo'nis,  (F.)  Sue  du  Limon,. 
Sue  de  Citron,  is  sharp,  but  gratefully  acid,  the 
acidity  depending  upon  the  citric  acid  it  con- 
tains, and  is  given  as  a  refrigerant  beverage 
in  febrile  afi'ections.  In  doses  of  half  an  ounce 
to  an  ounce,  three  times  a  day,  it  has  appeared 
to  exert  a  markedly  sedative  influence  on  the 
cii-culation,  and  has  been  given,  apparently  with 
benefit,  in  acvite  rheumatism  and  rheumatic  gout. 
Alone,  or  combined  with  wine,  it  is  prescribed  in 
scurvy,  putrid  sore  throat,  &c.  Its  general  pro- 
perties are  refrigerant  and  antiseptic.  Sweetened 
and  diluted,  it  forms  Lemonade.  Artificial  lemon- 
juice  is  made  by  dissolving  an  ounce  of  citric  acid 
in  fourteen  fluidounces  of  water;  adding  a  few 
drops  of  essence  of  lemon. 

Lemonpeel  tea,  or  water,  is  made  by  paring  tho 
rind  of  one  lemon,  previously  rubbed  with  half  au 
ounce  of  sugar:  the  peelings  and  sugar  are  then 
put  into  a  jar,  and  a  quart  of  boiling  water  iu 
poured  over  them.  When  cold,  the  fluid  must  be 
poured  off,  and  a  tablespoonful  of  lemon  juice  be 
added. 

It  is  an  agreeable  drink  in  fevers. 

Cit'ron  Tree  is  likewise  considered  to  belong 
to  the  same  species  —  Cit'rus  iled'ica.  Its  fruit 
is  called  eedrome'la.  It  is  larger  and  less  succu- 
lent than  the  lemon.  Citron  juice,  when  sweet- 
ened with  sugar,  is  called  by  the  Italians  Agro 
di  Cedro. 

Citrus  Mella  Rosa  of  De  Lamarck,  another 


CITTA 


210 


CLAVUS 


variety  of  Citrite  Ifedica,  affords  the  Bergamote, 
as  also  do  Citrus  Limet'ta  and  0.  Berga'mia. 
CiTRDS  YuLGABis,  Citrus  aurantium. 
CITTA,  Malacia. 

CITTARA,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  These 
springs  are  in  the  Isle  of  Ischia,  near  the  sea. 
Tliay  contain  carbonate  and  sulphate  of  lime,  and 
chloride  of  sodium.  Their  temperature  is  100° 
Fahrenheit. 

CITTOS,  Hedera  helix. 
tJITTOSIS,  Chlorosis,  Malacia. 
CIVETTA,  Zib'ethum,  Civ'et,  (F.)  Civette.  An 
unctuous  perfume,  of  a  very  penetrating  odour, 
obtained  from  different  mammalia  of  the  Viver'ra 
kind,  particularly  from  Viver'ra  civet'ta.     It  is 
contained  in  a  fold  of  the  skin,  situate  between 
the  anus  and  the  organs  of  generation. 
CLABBER,  Bonnyclabber. 
CLABBERGRASS,  Galium  verum. 
CLADES  GLANDULARIA,  Plague. 
CLADISCOS,  Ramusculus. 
CLADONIA  ISLANDICA,  Lichen  islandicus. 
Clado'nia  Rangiper'rina.     The  ancients  re- 
garded this  European  plant  as  pectoral  and  sto- 
machic.    It  enters  into  the  composition  of  the 
Poiidre  de  Ghypre. 
CLADOS,  Ramus. 

CLADRAS'TIS  TINCTO'RIA,  Virgil' ia,  Yel- 
low Ash,  Fustic  Tree,  Yellow  Locust.  An  indi- 
genous tree,  which  flourishes  from  Kentucky  to 
Alabama.  The  bark  of  the  tree  and  the  roots 
are  cathartic. 

CLAIRET,  Claret. 

CLAIRVOYANCE  (F.),  'Clear-seeing.'  A 
clearness  of  sight,  said  to  be  communicated  by 
animal  magnetism,  which  not  only  enables  the 
magnetized  persons  to  see  in  the  dark,  through 
Btone  walls,  &c.,  but  even  to  observe  prospects, 
whilst  he  may  fancy  he  is  flying  in  the  air,  which 
he  has  never  seen  previously.  It  need  hardly 
be  said,  that  the  possession  of  such  powers  is 
f'ibulous. 

CLAMMY  WEED,  Polanisea  graveolens. 
CLAMOR,  Cry. 
CLANGOR,  Oxyphonia. 
CLAP,  Gonorrhoaa  impura. 
GLAPIER  (F.),  A  clapper,  Latih'ulum,  from 
<\cT;Tav,   'to  conceal.'     A  purulent /oi/er  of  dis- 
ease ;  concealed  in  the  flesh  or  under  the  skin. 
■See  Sinus. 

CLAPWORT,  Orobanche  Americana. 
CLAQUEMENT,  Odontosynerismus. 
CLAR'ET,  {VinclairllY),  Clare' turn,  Vin  de 
Jiordeaux,  (F.)  Clairet.  A  pleasant  French  wine, 
•which  may  be  used  whenever  wine  is  required. 
Also,  a  wine  impregnated  with  spice  and  sugar, 
called  likewise  Vinum  Hippocraf'icum  seu  Medi- 
ca'tum,  Potus  Hippocrat'icus,  Hip'pocras,  Hyp'- 
■pocras.  Schroder  speaks  of  a  Clare' turn  al'terans, 
■and  a  C.  purgans. 

'CLARETA,  Albumen  ovi. 
CLARETUM,  Claret. 

CLARIFIC A'TION,  Clarificn'tio,  Bej^nra'tion, 
from  cZarws,  'clear,' and /«c('o,  'I  make.'  A  phar- 
maceutical operation,  which  consists  in  separating 
from  a  liquid  every  insoluble  substance,  held  in 
Suspension  by  it,  that  affects  its  transparency. 
Decanting  and /Uteri ng  are  the  operations  neces- 
sary for  this  purpose. 

CLARY,  COMMON,  Salvia  sclarea. 
CLASIS,  Fracture. 
OLASMA,  Fracture. 

CLASS,  Clas'eis,  (F.)  Claase.  An  assemblage 
of  a  certain  number  of  objects.  In  Natural  His- 
tory and  in  iVedioine,  a  group  of  objects  or  indi- 
viduals having  one  or  more  common  characters. 
Xue  ciaases  are  divided  into  orders,   the  orders 


into  genera,  the  genera  into  species,  and  these  last 

into  varieties. 

CLASSIFIC  A'TION,  Classifica'tio,  from  classie, 
'a  class,'  and /((Cio,  '  I  make.'  The  formation  of 
classes.  A  methodical  distribution  of  any  objects 
whatever  into  classes,  orders,  genera,  species,  and 
varieties.     See  Nosography,  and  Nosology. 

CLASSY,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Classy 
is  near  Laon  in  Picardy,  France.  The  waters 
are  chalybeate. 

CLAUDICATIO,  Claudication  —  c.  Anatica, 
Vacillatio. 

CLAUDICA'TION,  Claudica'tio,  from  claudi- 
care,  '  to  be  lame.'  The  act  of  halting  or  limp- 
ing. Lameness,  Clau'ditas,  Cholo'sis,  Gholei'a, 
Cholo'ma,  (F.)  Claudication,  Boitement.  This 
condition  does  not  constitute  any  special  disease, 
but  is  produced  by  different  causes  or  affections. 
It  may  be  the  result'of  the  shortening  or  elonga^ 
tion  of  one  of  the  lower  limbs,  of  ankylosis  of 
the  joints,  palsy  of  the  muscles,  pain,  &c. 
CLAUDITAS,  Claudication. 
CLAUSTRUM  GUTTURIS,  Isthmus  of  the 
fauces  —  c.  Palati,  Velum  pendulum  palati — c. 
Virginitatis,  Hymen. 

CLAUSU'RA,  from  claudere,  'to  shut.'  An 
imperforation  of  any  canal  or  cavity. 

Clausu'ra  Uteri.  Preternatural  imperfora- 
tion of  the  uterus. 

CLAVA  MYOSA,  Acorus  calamus. 
CLAVALIER  A  FEUILL'ES  BE  FR&NE, 
Xanthoxylum  clava  Herculis. 

CLAVA'RIA  CORALLOi'DES,   GoraUdidcs 
Fungus,  Coralwort.     Said  to  be  corroborant  and 
astringent.    A  kind  of  clavaria,  called  (F.)  Digital 
blanc.  Digital  humain,  Champignon  de  I'apimreil 
des  fractures,  formed  of  digitations,  grouped  to- 
gether, and  two  or  three  inches  in  length,  is  said 
to  have  been  often  found,  formerly  at  the  HStel 
Dieu  of  Paris,  on  the  splints  of  white  wood  used  in 
thetreatmentoffractures,  in  autumn. — H.Cloquct. 
CLAVATIO,  Gomphosis. 
CLA  VEA  U,  Murr. 
GLA  VELEE,  Murr. 

CLAVES  CALVA.RI^,  Wormiana  Ossa. 
CLAVICLE,  Clavic'ula,  Clavis,  Glavic'uhw, 
Lig'ula,  Fur'cula,  Os  Jug'%di,  Jug'ubim,  Cleis, 
Clei'dion,  from  clavis,  '  a  key,'  (F.)  Glavicnle. 
The  collar-bone.  The  clavicle  is  shaped  like  tlie 
letter  S,  and  is  placed  transversely  at  the  upper 
part  of  the  thorax.  It  is  articulated,  at  one  ex- 
tremity, with  the  sternum ;  at  the  other  with  the 
acromion  process  of  the  scapula.  It  gives  attach- 
ment, above,  to  the  Sterno-cleido  niastoidcus ;  hc- 
loio,  to  the  Subclavitis ;  be/ore,  to  the  Pectoralin 
major  and  Deltoides ;  and  behind,  to  the  Trape- 
zius. It  serves  as  a  point  of  support  for  the 
muscles  of  the  arm,  and  protects  the  vessels  and 
nerves  passing  to  that  extremity. 

The  fibres,  connecting  the  lamellaj  or  plates  of 
bones,  have  also  been  called  Glavic'uli  or  Nails. 
CLAVICULAR,  Clavicxda'ris;  same  etymon. 
Relating  to  the  clavicle  or  collar-bone. 

Clavicular  Nerves,  Nervi  clavieula'ren. 
Branches  of  the  fourth  cervical  nerve,  which  are 
distributed  to  the  clavicular  region. 
CLA  VICULE,  Clavicle. 
CLAVICULT,  sec  Clavicle. 
CLAVIS,  Clavicle,  Key — c.  Anglica,  Key. 
CLAVUS.      A    nail.      Hclos,   ^Gomphos,    (F.) 
Clmi.      This  word    is    employed  in  medicine  in 
various  senses.     It  means,  1.  A   Corn,  from  its 
resemblance  to  the  head  of  a  nail.     2.  Certain 
condyloraatous  excrescences  of  the  uterus.     3.  A 
callous  tumour,  which  forms  on  the  white  of  the 
eye,  and  resembles  a  nail,  the  Claims  Oc'nli,  (F.) 
Clou  de  I'veil.     This  last,  by  some,  is  considered 


CLEANSINGS 


211 


CLIMATE 


to  be  synonymous  with  staphyloma ;  by  others, 
mth  staphyloma  of  the  cornea.    Also,  the  penis. 

Clavus  Hyster'icus,  llonopa'gia,  Monope'- 
gia,  (F.)  Clou  hysterique.  An  acute  pain,  con- 
fined to  a  small  point  of  the  head,  described  by 
the  sick  as  resembling  that  which  would  be  pro- 
duced by  a  nail  driven  into  the  head.  It  has 
been  particularly  noticed  in  hysterical  females; — 
hence  its  name.  It  is  called  Ovum  hyster'icum, 
when  the  pain  occupies  a  greater  extent. 

Clavus  Secalinus,  Ergot — c.  Secalis,  Ergot — 
c.  Siliginis,  Ergot. 

CLEANSINGS,  Lochia. 

CLEAR-SEEING,  Clairvoyance. 

CLEARWEED,  Pilea  pumila. 

CLEAVAGE;  from  Anglo-Saxon  cleo):an,  'to 
split.'  The  natural  line  of  separation  exhibited 
by  certain  substances,  as  minerals,  when  sub- 
jected to  mechanical  force.  The  term  has  been 
applied  to  the  separation  of  muscles  into  longitu- 
dinal and  circular  striae,  when  mechanical  violence 
is  used. 

CLEAVERS,  Galium  aparine. 

Cleavers'  Bees,  Galium  aparine. 

CLEAVEWORT,  Galium  verum. 

CLEF  DU  CRANE,  Wormianum  os  — e.  de 
Garengeot,  Key — c.  d  Noix,  see  Key — c.  d  Pivot, 
see  Key — e.  A  Pompe,  see  Key. 

CLEFT,  Rima,  see  Monster  —  c.  Palate,  see 
Harelip. 

CLEIDAGRA,  Cleisagra. 

CLEIDION,  Clavicle. 

CLEIDO-COSTAL,  Costo-clavicular. 

CLEI'DO-MASTOi'DEUS.  Albinus  thus  de- 
signates the  posterior  portion  of  the  sterno-cleido- 
mastoideus,  which  he  considers  a  separate  muscle. 
It  has  been  corrupted  into  clino-mastoideus. 

CLEIS,  Clavicle,  Key. 

CLEIS'AGRA,  Cleid'agra,  from  (cX«f,  'the 
clavicle,'  and  aypa,  '  a  seizure.'  Gout  in  the 
clavicle. — A.  Pare. 

CLEMATIS  DAPHNOIDES  MAJOR,  Vinca 
minor — e.  Corymbosa,  C.  erecta. 

Clem'atis  Erect' a,  C.  recta  seu  flam'mula 
seu  corymbo'sa,  Clemati'tis  erec'ta,  Flani'mula 
Jovis,  Ifpright  Virgin's  Bower,  (F.)  Clematite 
droite.  Family,  Ranunculaeeas.  Sex.  Syst.  Po- 
lyandria  Polygynia.  The  leaves  contain  an  acrid 
principle.  They  have  been  esteemed  anti-vene- 
real ;  and,  in  the  form  of  powder,  have  been  used 
SIS  an  escharotic. 

Clematis  Flammctla,  C.  erecta — c.  Recta,  C. 
erecta — c.  Sepium,  c.  Vitalba. 

Clejiatis  Vital'ba,  C.  se'pinm  seu  sylves'tris, 
Vital'ba,  Vior'na,  Atra'gene,  Trav'eller's  Joy, 
Common  Virgin's  Bower,  (F.)  Clematite,  Herhe 
aux  giieux,  Aubevigne.  It  has  been  used  in  the 
same  cases  as  the  former.  In  infusion  it  has 
been  applied  in  cases  of  itch. 

The  leaves  of  Clematis  Crispa — c.  Flaumula, 
moeet- scented  Virgin's  bower — c.  Virgin'ica, 
common  Virgin's  bower  —  and  c.  ViORNA,  Lea- 
ther-flower, have  similar  properties. 

CLEMATITE,  Clematis  vitalba  — c.  Droite, 
Clematis  recta. 

Clematitis  Erecta,  Clematis  erecta. 

CLEO'NIS  COLLYR'IUM.  a  collyrium  de- 
scribed by  Celsus,  composed  of  equal  parts  of 
-  Samian  earth,  niyrrh,  and  thus,  mixed  with  white 
of  egg. 

Cleoxis  Glute:;?.  An  astringent  formula  of 
myrrh,  frankincense,  and  white  of  egg. 

CLEP'SYDRA,  from  /cXsttto),  'I  conceal,'  and 
'uSiop,  'water.'  An  instrument  contrived  by  Pa- 
racelsus to  convey  fumigation  to  the  uterus. 

CLEPTOMANIA,  Kleptomania. 

CLBVES,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.     This 


spring  is  a  quarter  of  a  league  from  Cleves,  in 
Westphalia.  It  contains  carbonate  and  sulphate 
of  iron. 

CLIFFORT'IA  ILICIPO'LIA.  Nat.  Ord. 
Rosaeese.  A  common  South  African  plant,  used 
by  the  Boers  as  an  emollient  expectorant  in  ca- 
tarrh. 

CLIFTON,  CLIMATE  OP.  The  vicinity  of 
Clifton  and  of  Bristol,  England,  appears  to  be 
the  mildest  and  driest  climate  in  the  west  of 
England ;  and,  consequently,  the  best  winter  re- 
sidence, in  that  part  of  the  country,  for  invalids. 
It  is,  also,  a  favourable  summer  climate,  and  is 
surrounded  by  numerous  places  of  agreeable  re- 
sort, suited  for  those  who  may  pass  the  season 
there. 

For  the  mineral  waters  of  Clifton,  see  Bristol 
Hot  Well. 

CLIGNEMENT,  Nictation,  Scardamygmus. 

CLIGNOTEMENT,  Nictation. 

CLIMA,  Climate. 

CLIMACTERIC,  Olimacter'icus,  Climater'i- 
cus,  from  K\tiiaKT>]p,  'a  step.'  (F.)  CUmacterique 
ou  Climaterique.  A  word,  which  properly  signi- 
fies '  by  degrees.'  It  has  been  applied  to  certain 
times  of  life,  regarded  to  be  critical. 

At  present,  the  word  Climacteric  is  chiefly  ap- 
plied to  certain  periods  of  life,  at  which  great 
changes  occur,  independently  of  any  numerical 
estimate  of  years.  Such  are  the  period  of  pu- 
berty in  both  sexes  :  that  of  the  cessation  of  tho 
menses  in  women,  &,c. . 

Climacteric  Years,  Anni  CUmacfer'iei,  are, 
according  to  some,  all  those  in  the  life  of  man, 
which  are  multiples  of  the  number  7,  Septen'ni- 
ads.  Others  have  applied  the  term  to  years,  re- 
sulting from  the  multiplication  of  7  by  an  odd 
number.  Some  have  admitted  only  three  cli- 
macterics;  others,  again,  have  extended  them  to 
multiples  of  9.  Most,  however,  have  considered 
the  63d  year  as  the  Grand  Climacteric ;  —  63 
being  the  product  of  the  multiplication  of  7  by 
9,  and  all  have  thought  that  the  period  of  three, 
seven,  or  nine,  which  they  respectively  adopted, 
was  necessary  to  the  entire  renewal  of  the  body  ; 
so  that  there  was,  at  these  times,  in  the  economy, 
none  of  the  parts  of  which  it  had  previously  con- 
sisted. The  climacteric  years  have  also  been 
culled,  (Anni)  hebdomad'ici,  scala'res,  grada'rii, 
scan' siles,  genethlia^i,  nataUt"ii,  fata'les,  crit'ici, 
decreto'rii,  hero'ici,  &c.  All  the  notions  on  the 
subject  are  essentially  allied  to  the  doctrine  of 
numbers  of  Pythagoras. 

CLIMATE,  Clima,  Inclina'tio  cxli,  (F.)  Cli- 
mat,  Gr.  xXi^/a,  'a  region.'  In  geography,  the 
word  climate  is  applied  to  a  space  on  the  terres- 
trial globe,  comprised  between  two  circles  paral- 
lel to  the  equator,  and  arbitrarily  measured  ac- 
cording to  the  length  of  the  days.  In  a  hygienic 
point  of  view,  we  understand  by  climate,  since 
Hippocrates,  a  country  or  region,  which  may 
differ  from  another  in  respect  to  season,  qualities 
of  the  soil,  heat  of  atmosphere,  &o.  Climate,  in- 
deed, embraces,  in  a  general  manner,  all  the 
physical  circumstances  belonging  to  each  region, 
—  circumstances  which  exert  considerable  influ- 
ence on  living  beings.  The  dark  complexion 
of  the  inhabitants  of  the  torrid  zone  is  easily 
distinguishable  from  the  paleness  of  those  of 
the  frigid,  —  so  are  the  diseases.  They  are  all 
modified,  more  or  less,  by  climate  or  locality. 
Hot  climates  predispose  to  abdominal  complica- 
tions in  febrile  affections ;  cold  climates  to  tho- 
racic, &c. 

One  of  the  most  important  considerations  with 
regard  to  climates  is  their  comparative  fitness  for 
the  residence  of  invalids,  and  especially  of  thoso 


CLIMATE 


212 


CLIMATE 


wto  are  liable  to,  or  suffering  under  catarrhal  or 
consumptive  affections.  The  great  object,  in 
such  cases,  is  to  select  a  climate  which  will  ad- 
mit of  regular  and  daily  exercise  in  the  open  air, 
so  that  the  invalid  may  derive  every  advantage 
which  this  form  of  revulsion  is  capable  of  effect- 
ing. To  an  inhabitant  of  the  northern  and  mid- 
dle portions  of  the  United  States — and  the  same 
applies  to  Great  Britain,  France,  and  the  north- 
ern parts  of  the  old  world — a  more  southern  cli- 
mate alone  affords  these  advantages  in  an  emi- 
nent degree.  During  the  summer  months,  there 
are  few,  if  any,  diseases,  which  require  a  milder 
climate  than  that  of  the  United  States,  or  of  the 
mUder  districts  of  Europe.  The  temperature  of 
the  winter  months  is,  consequently,  the  most  im- 
portant object  of  attention.  Equability  of  tem- 
perature is  essential,  inasmuch  as  all  sudden 
changes  interfere  with  the  great  desideratum — 
exercise  in  the  open  air.  In  the  whole  continent 
of  North  America  the  changes  are  very  sudden 
and  extensive.  It  is  not  uncommon  for  the  range 
to  be  40°,  between  two  successive  days.  So  far, 
therefore,  as  this  applies,  the  American  climate 
is  not  well  adapted  to  the  invalid.  In  the 
Bouthern  portions,  however,  of  the  Union,  this 


objection  is   counterbalanced  by  many  adTan- 

tages. 

The  following  tables  exhibit  the  mean  tempe- 
rature of  the  year,  and  of  the  different  seasons — 
with  the  mean  temperature  of  the  warmest  and 
coldest  months  at  different  places  in  America, 
Europe,  Africa,  &e.,  as  deduced  from  the  excel- 
lent paper  of  Von  Humboldt  on  Isothermal  Lines, 
the  Meteorological  Registers  kept  by  the  surgeons 
of  the  United  States  army,  the  work  of  Sir  James 
Clark  on  Climate,  &c. 

Certain  of  the  tables  show  the  mean  monthly 
temperature,  maximum,  minimum  and  range,  as 
well  as  the  greatest  daily,  and  mean  daily  range 
during  the  corresponding  months — but  of  diffe- 
rent years — at  some  of  the  prominent  retreats  for 
the  valetudinarian  in  Great  Britain,  on  the  con- 
tinent of  Europe,  and  in  the  African  islands.  It 
is  proper,  however,  to  remark,  that  in  no  situa- 
tions, except  in  those  to  which  an  asterisk  is 
affixed,  was  the  register  thermometer  used.  In 
the  others,  the  observations  were  made  during 
the  day  only,  and  consequently  the  numbers 
given  are  far  below  the  real  range  throughout 
the  twenty  four  hours.  The  places  are  ranged  in 
the  order  of  their  mean  temperature. 


Table  of 

Maxim  xj  SI 

,  MisiMUJi,  Aio)  Range 

OF  Temperattiee. 

Places. 

December. 

JiNHARY. 

February. 

March. 

April. 

Max. 

Min. 

Range 

Max. 

Min. 

Range 

Max. 

Min. 

Range 

Max. 

Min. 

Range 

Max. 

Min. 

Ranje 

54 
56 
56 
57 
69 
60 
61 
68 

26 
34 
26 
32 
40 
31 
34 
62 

29 
22 
31 
25 
19 
29 
27 
16 

47 
54 
56 
53 
58 
68 
68 
69 

21 

28 
21 

27 
27 
29 
29 
50 

26 
26 
35 
26 
31 
29 
29 
19 

62 
66 
60 
66 
58 
60 
60 
68 

27 
33 
35 
30 
37 
33 
31 
61 

26 

22 
26 
26 
21 
27 
29 
17 

66 

59 
66 
58 
65 
65 
69 
69 

26 
34 
35 
35 
41 
37 
38 
51 

30 
26 
30 
23 
24 
28 
31 
18 

60 

62 
71 

64 
69 

74 

78 
72 

31 
36 
43 
41 
46 
44 
43 
55 

29 
26 

28 
23 
23 
30 
35 
17 

Pau 

Table  of  Mean  Tempeeattire. 


Places. 

■ 
December. 

January. 

.    February. 

March. 

ApytL. 

43.00 
46.60 
41  .53 
46,00 

48  .60 

49  .62 
50.60 
60    60 

36.30 
43.00 
38  .89 
42.00 
45.85 
47.65 
46.50 
59  .50 

42.00 
44.50 
44.96 
46  .00 
49  .00 
49  .45 
48  .50 
58  .50 

45  .00 
46.50 
46.80 
47  .00 

51  .45 

52  .06 
52  .00 
61  .  06 

61.  00 
48  .  60 
65.  79 
53.  00 
57.  00 
66  .  40 
67.00 
62  .50 

Pau 

Table  of  Daily  Range  of  Tempeeattire. 


Places. 

December. 

January. 

February. 

March. 

April. 

■s  Wl 

s  a 

o 

-a  ^ 

"^    ID 

|i 

3 
7 
9 
6 
9 
9 
11 

13 

13 

14 
15 
13 

14 

4 
7 
8 
8 

11 
9 

11 

13 

16 

16 
16 
14 
17 

6 
9 
9 
9 
10 
11 
9 

12 

16 

18 
18 
19 
13 

8 
9 
14 
9 
12 
11 
10 

12 

17 

17 
19 

18 
14 

9 
8 
14 
11 
13 
14 
9 

13 

18 

18 
20 
20 
13 

Pau 

Marleira* 

CLIMATE 


213 


CLIMATE 


1.  AMERICA,  Ac. 


Places. 


Mean  tem- 
perature of 
several 


Mean  temperature  of  different 


Mean  teroperature  of 


Winter. 


Spring.       Summer 


Mitumn. 


Nain 

Fort  Brady,  Mich. . . 

Quebec,  L.  C 

Eastport,  Me 

Fort  Howard,  Mich. 
Fort  Crawford,  Miss. 
Cambridge,  Mass.. . . 
Council  Bluffs,  Miss. 

Newport,  E,.  I 

Philadelphia 

New  York 

Cincinnati 

Monticello,  Va. 

Washington,  D.  C... 

Smithville,  N.  C 

Charleston,  S.  C 

Natchez,  Miss 

Pensacola,  Flor 

St.  Augustine,  do. . . 
Tampa  Bay,      do... 


Vera  Cruz. 
Havana  . . 


Bahamas 


Barbadoes 
Cumana  . . 


57°,08' 
46  .39 
46.  47 
44  .54 
44  .40 
43  .03 
42  .21 
41  .25 
41  .30 

39  .56 

40  .40 
39  .06 

37  .58 

38  .53 
34  .00 
32  .47 
31  .34 
30  .28 
29  .48 
27  .57 

19  .11 

23  .10 

26  .40 
to 

27  .5 
13  .10 
10  .27 


26°.42' 
41  .37 

41  .74 

42  .44 

44  .60 

45  .52 
50  .36 

50  .82 

51  .02 
53  .42 
53  .78 
53  .78 
55  .40 
55  .56* 
58  .88 
60  .18 
64  .76 
68  .77t 
72  .23 
72  .37 

77  .72 

78  .08 

78  .3* 

79  .3 

81  .86 


0°.60 
14  .09 
14  .18 
23  .44 
20  .82 
23  .76 
33  .98 
27  .38 
33  .82 
32  .18 
29  .84 
32  .90 
37  .67 
36  .80 
53  .44 
61  .09 
48  .66 
55  .13 
69  .29 
61  .24 

71  .96 
71  .24 

71. 

76  .7 
80  .24 


23°.60 

37  .89 

38  .04 
38  .58 
41  .40 
43  .09 
47  .66 
46  .38 
46  .87 
51  .44 
51  .26 
54  .14 
64  .67 
53  .83 

64  .76 
66  .73 

65  .48 
69  .67 

71  .47 

72  .93 

77  .90 

78  .98 

77. 

19. 

83  .66 


48°.38 
61  .83 
68  .00 
60  .54 

68  .70 

69  .78 

70  .70 

72  .84 
68  .70 

73  .94 

79  .16 

72  .86 

73  .33 
75  .90 

80  .46 
80  .89 

79  .16 
82  .57 

82  .73 

80  .14 

81  .50 

83  .30 

83. 

81. 

82  .04 


33°.44 
43  .94 
46  .04 
45  .43 

45  .18 

46  .74 
49  .82 
48  .60 
53  .83 
66  .48 
64  .60 
64  .86 
66  .60 

66  .69 

68  .15 

67  .65 
66  .02 

69  .05 
75  .15 
75  .26 

78  .62 
78  .98 

80. 

80. 
80  .24 


61°.80 

62  .87 
73  .40 

63  .62 

73  .67 

71  .34 

72  .86 
75  .92 
71  .46 
77  .00 
80  .78 

74  .30 

75  .00 
79  .13 
82  .93 

82  .81 

79  .70 

83  .65 
83  .94 

80  ,72 

81  .86 

83  .84 

90. 


84  .38 


11°.20 

12  .66 

13  .81 
20  .91 
17  .95 
20  .14 

29  .84 
27  .19 
32  .14 
32  .72 
25  .34 

30  .20 
36  .00 
34  .66 
50  .69 
49  .43 
46  .94 
63  .80 
66  .60 

68  .70 

71  .06 

69  .98 

64. 


79  .16 


St.  Louis,  Missouri,  Lat.  38°  46'.     Mean  temp.  55°  .86.     New  Harmony,  Lat.  38°  11'.    Mean  temp.  56°  .74 
New  Orleans,  Lat.  30°.    Mean  temp.  69°  .01.     Baton  Rotige,  Lat.  30°  .26'.     Mean  temp.  6§°  .07. 
Jamaica,  coast.  Mean  temp.  80°  .6. 


2.  EUROPE,  AFRICA,  &c. 


Places. 


Latitude. 


Mean  tem- 
perature of 
several 
years. 


Mean  temperature  of  different  seasons. 


Winter. 


Spring.        Summer.        Autumn 


Mean  temperature  of 


Wa 


Genera 

Gosport 

Newport,  Isle  of  Wight 

Sidmouth 

Penzance 

XJndercliff 


Bute 

Cove  of  Cork 

Jersey 

Paris 

Pau 

Sienna 

Nantes 

Bordeaux 

Montpellier 

Avignon 

Florence 

Nice 

Marseilles 

Toulon 

Leghorn 

Genoa 

Pisa 

Rome 

Naples 

St.  Michaels,  Azores. 
Cadiz 


Madeira,  Funchal. . . . 
Algiers 

Canaries,  Santa  Cruz. 
Cairo 


48°.12' 

48  .1 
50  .40 

52  .11 

50  .52 
55  .42 

51  .54 

49  .13 
48  .50 
43  .7 

43  .24 
47  .13 

44  .50 
43  .36 

43  .46 
43  .42 
43  .17 
43  .07 

43  .33 

44  .25 
43  .43 
41  .53 
40  .54 
37  .47 
36  .32 

32  .37 

36  .48 

28  .28 

30  .02 


49°.28' 

50  .24^ 
61  .00 
52  .10 

51  .80 
51  .11 
57  .00 
48  .25 
61  .68 

63  .06 
61  .08 

54  .95 
65  .60 

55  .62t 

56  .48 

67  .60 

68  .20 

69  .00 
69  .48 
69  .50t 

59  .90 

60  .00« 
60  .37 
60  .60 

60  .40 

61  .40 

62  .40 
62  .88 

64  .56 

69  .98 

70  .94 
72  .32 


London,  Lat.  51°  .30'.     Mean  temp.  50°  .36. 
Perpignan,  Mean  temp.  59°  .54. 
Nismes,  Mean  temp.  ()0°  .26. 


34°.70 
40  .44 
40  .31 
40  .43 
44  .03 

42  .14 

40  .11 

39  .62 

43  .90 

43  .82 
38  .66 

41  .79 

40  .50 

42  .23 
42  .08 

44  .20 

42  .60 

44  .30 

47  .82 

45  .60 

43  .30 

46  .30 

44  .57 
46  .03 

45  .86 

48  .60 
67  .83 
52  .90 

69  .50 
61  .52 
64  .65 
58  .46 


47°.66 
47  .63 
49  .00 

60  .66 
49  .63 
29  .26 

45  .77 

46  .66 

49  .43 

50  .97 
49  .28 

64  .96 
54  .10 
63  .10 

56  .46 
63  .33 

57  .13 
56  .00 

56  .23 
67  .66 
63  .70 

57  .60 

58  .60 
67  .20 

67  .74 

58  .50 

61  .17 

59  .53 

62  .20 

65  .66 

68  .87 
73  .68 


64°.94 

62  .00 

63  .09 

63  .83 
60  .70 
60  .28 

60  .46 
68  .02 

61  .26 

62  .84 

64  .58 

67  .41 
70  .80 
70  .73 

70  .88 

71  .30 
74  .66 
74  .00 

72  .26 
72  .50 
74  .30 
74  .10 

74  .03 
76  .15 

75  .20 
70  .83 

68  .33 
70  .43 

69  .33 
80  .24 

76  .68 
86  .10 


50°.00 

50  .88 

51  .63 
53  .60 

53  .36 

52  .76 
61  .00 
48  .59 
51  .73 

54  .63 
51  .44 

55  .64 
57  .10 

56  .41 
56  .30 
61  .30 
69  .00 

60  .70 

61  .63 
60  .08 
69  .00 

62  .00 
62  .94 
62  .80 
62  .78 

64  .60 
62  .33 

65  .35 

67  .23 
72  .50 
74  .17 
71  .42 


66°.56 


34°.16 


65  .30 


70  .52 
73  .04 


36  .14 


39  .02 
41  .00 


77  .00 


82  .76 
85  .82 


42  .26 


60  .08 
56  .12 


Environs  of  London,  Mean  temp.  48°  .81. 
Lyons,  Mean  temp.  55°  .76. 


CLIMATERIC 


214 


CLONUS 


In  the  United  States,  the  most  favourable  re- 
gion for  the  phthisical  invalid  is  that  of  Florida, 
— especially  of  Pensacola.  St.  Augustine  is  fre- 
quently chosen,  but  it  is  liable  to  north-east 
storms,  which  interfere  with  the  out-door  move- 
Ujents  of  the  valetudinarian,  and  are  the  source 
of  much  discomfort.  Still,  great  benefit  has  often 
been  derived  from  it  as  a  winter  retreat.  Of  the 
Atlantic  Isles,  Madeira  appears  to  be  best  adapted 
for  the  consumptive,  and  those  affected  with 
chronic  bronchitis.  In  Italy,  Rome,  and  Pisa, — 
and  in  England,  Torquay  and  UnderclifF,  are  to 
be  preferred.  Chronic  rheumatism  and  gout  are 
benefited  by  a  warm  climate,  which,  again,  is  un- 
favourable to  those  who  are  predisposed  to  cere- 
bral diseases,  especially  to  such  as  are  charac- 
terized by  debility  and  mobility  of  the  nervous 
system — as  paralysis,  epilepsy,  mania,  &c.  Hypo- 
chondriasis and  dyspepsia  require  rather  change 
of  climate  and  travelling  exercise  than  a  sojourn 
in  any  one.  (See  the  Author's  Human  Health, 
Philad.  1844.) 

For  the  mortality  of  different  countries  and 
cities,  see  Mortality. 

CLIMATERIC,  Climacteric. 

CLIMATIC,  Ciimat'icus.  Belonging  to,  or 
dependent  upon  climate. 

Climatic  Diseases,  l/orii  climat'iei,  are  such 
as  are  caused  by  climate. 

CLIMBER,  WOODY,  Ampelopsis  quinque- 
folia. 

CLINE,  kA(v)7, 'abed.'     Hence: 

CLINIATER,  Clinical  physician. 

CLINIATRIA,  Clinical  medicine. 

CLINIATRUS,  Clinical  physician. 

CLINIC,  see  Clinique. 

CLINICA,  Clinical  medicine. 

CLIN'ICAL,  Clin'icus,  (F.)  Olinique,  from 
k\iv7],  'a  bed.'     Relating  to  a  bed. 

Clinical  Lecture,  (F.)  Le(}on  Clinique.  One 
given  at  the  bed-side,  or  on  a  particular  case  or 
cases. 

Clinical  Med'icine,  Cliniatri'a,  Clin'ica,Clin'- 
ice,  (F.)  Medecine  clinique.  That  which  is  occu- 
pied with  the  investigation  of  diseases  at  the 
bed-side,  or  individually. 

Clinical  Physician,  CUnia'ter,  Clinia'trtw. 
One  who  teaches  clinical  medicine. 

CLINICE,  Clinical  medicine. 

CLINIC  UM,  Clinique. 

CLINIQUE {^.),  Clinical.  Clinique,Clin'icum, 
is  also  used  substantively,  for  Ecole  Clinique  or 
Clinical  School:  a  school  in  which  medicine  is 
taught  by  examining  diseases  on  the  patients 
themselves.  Thus,  the  French  say, — La  Clinique 
de  la  Charite  :  "  The  Clinical  School  of  the  Hos- 
pital La  Charite."  The  term  has  been  intro- 
duced into  this  country,  and  anglicised  Clinic. 

CLINODES,  Clinoid. 

CLINOID,  ClinoVdes,  Clino'des,  ClinoVdeus, 
from  kXivti,  'a  bed,'  and  u&os,  'form.'  Resem- 
bling a  bed. 

Clinoid  Proc"esses,  CF.)  Apophyses  clinoides, 
are  four  processes  at  the  upper  surface  of  the 
sphenoid  bone,  which  have  been  compared  to  the 
posts  of  a  bed.  On  them  the  pituitary  gland 
rests.  They  are  divided  into  anterior  and  poste- 
rior. Each  of  the  anterior  terminates  in  a  point 
called  Transverse  Spinous  Process, 
.    CLINOIDEUS,  Clinoid. 

CLINOPODIA,  Thymus  mastichina. 

CLINOPODIUM  ARVENSE,  C.  vulgare  — 
c.  Majus,  C.  vulgare. 

Clinopo'dium  Vulga're,  from  k^ivt],  'a  bed,' 
and  TTovs,  '  foot,'  so  called  from  the  shape  of  its 
flowers,  Clinopodiiim  arven'se  seu  majus,  Oc"y- 
tnum  sylcestre,  Thymus  sylvat'icus,  Wild  Basil, 
(F.)  Grand  Basilic  sauvage.    A  European  plant. 


which  was  formerly  considered  to  be  an  antidote 
to  the  bites  of  venomous  animals,  to  facilitate 
labour,  relieve  strangury,  stop  diarrhoea,  <fec. 

CLIQUETIS,  Crepitation. 

CLISEOM'ETER,  Clisiom'eter,  from  kIicis, 
'inclination,'  and  ixcrpov,  'a  measure.'  An  in- 
strument, intended  to  measure  the  degree  of  in- 
clination of  the  pelvis  and  to  determine  the  rela- 
tion between  the  axis  of  the  pelvis  and  that  of 
the  body. — Osiander,  Stein. 

CLITBUR,  Arctium  lappa. 

CLITORICARCINO'MA,  from  KXetTopis,  '  cli- 
toris,' and  KapKiviajxa,  '  cancer.'  Cancer  of  the 
clitoris. 

CLITORIDES  INFERIORES  LATI  ET 
PLANI  MUSCULI,  Constrictores  cunni. 

CLIT'ORIS,  from  KXrjTbiQ,  'a  servant  who  in- 
vites guests.'  (?)  Bulce'do  Amor'is,  Vemis,  3fyr- 
ton,  Murton,  Murium,  OEstrum,  Penis  mulie'brin 
seu  fcemineus,  Men'tula  midie'hris,  3Ienihriim 
mulie'hre,  Sui^erla'hia,  Cerco'sis,  JJypoder'mis, 
Nymjiha,  Nymphe,  Epider'rhis,  Libi'dinis  Sedes, 
Tunic'ula,  Crista.  A  small,  round  organ,  situato 
at  the  upper  part  of  the  vulva,  and  separated  by 
a  small  space  from  the  anterior  commissure  of 
the  labia.  Its  base  is  surrounded  by  a  slight  fold, 
similar  to  the  prepuce ;  and  it  is,  internally,  of 
the  same  structure  as  the  corpora  cavernosa,  penis. 
The  artery  of  the  clitoris,  (F.)  A.  Clitorienne,  is 
a  branch  of  the  internal  pudic.  The  vein  com- 
municates with  the  internal  pudic,  and  the  nerve 
with  the  pudic. 

CLIT'ORISM,  Clitoris'mug.  A  word,  invented 
to  express  the  abuse  made  of  the  clitoris.  Also, 
an  unusually  large  clitoris,  Cerco'sis  extern' a  seu 
Clitor'idis,  Cauda'tio. 

CLITORI'TIS,  Clitoriti'tis,  from  xXtiropi?, 
'  clitoris,'  and  itis,  'denoting  inflammation.'  In- 
flammation of  the  clitoris. 

CLITORITITIS,  Clitoritis. 

CLITORIUM,  Vulva. 

CLOA'CA,  (F.)  Cloaque,  from  k^v^w,  'Iwash.' 
The  pouch  at  the  extremity  of  the  intestinal  ca- 
nal, in  which  the  solid  and  liquid  excretions  are 
commingled  in  birds,  fish  and  reptiles.  In  the 
male,  it  gives  exit  to  the  excrements,  sperm  and 
urine :  in  the  female,  to  the  eggs,  fscal  matters, 
and  urine. 

CLOANX,  Orpiment. 

CLOAQUE,  Cloaca. 

CLOCHE,  (F.)  A  popular  expression  in 
France  for  a  blister  or  other  vesicle. 

CL  0 1 S  0  N,  Septum  —  c.  des  Fosses  nasales, 
Septum  narium  —  c.  Transparente,  Septum  lu- 
cidum. 

CLONIC,  Clon'icvs,  from  k\ovo;,  'agitation,' 
'motion.'  (F.)  Clonique.  Irregular  convulsive 
motions.  Convulsion  with  alternate  relaxation; 
in  contradistinction  to  tonic,  which  signifies  a 
constant  rigidity; — Clonus,  Clon'ici partia'lea. 

Clonic  Spasm,  see  Spasm. 

CLONICI  UNIA^'ERSALES,  Synelonus. 

CLONIQUE,  Clonic. 

CLONIS.  Sacrum. 

CLONISM,  Clonis'mus  ;  same  etymon.  Clonic 
spasm. — Baumes. 

CLONO'DES,  from  /cXoi'of,  'agitation,'  and 
ci(5os,  'resemblance.'  Convulsive.  Galen  applies 
this  term  to  the  pulse,  when  convulsive,  as  it 
were,  and  unequal.  He  compares  the  sensation 
it  communicates  to  the  finger  to  that  produced 
by  a  bundle  of  sticks  or  rods  in  vibration. 

CLONOS  EPILEPSIA,  Epilepsy— c.  Hydrt,. 
phobia.  Hydrophobia. 

CLONUS,  Synelonus  —  c.  Nictitntio,  Nictation 
— c.  Palpitatio,  Palpitation — c.  Pnndiculatio,  Pan- 
diculation— c.  Pandiculatio  maxillarum.  Yawning 


CLOPEMANIA 


215 


COALITION 


— c.  Singultus,  Singultus — e.  Sternutatio,  Sneez- 
ing—  c.  Subsultus,  Subsultus  tendinum. 

CLOPEMANIA,  Kleptomania. 

GLOPORTES  ORDINAIRES,  Onisci  aselli. 

CLOSE-STOOL,  Lasanum. 

CLOT,  Coagulum  —  c.  of  Blood,  see  Blood. 

CLOTBUR,  Xanthium. 

CLOTHING,  Vestitus. 

CLOTTY,  Grumo'sus,  (F.)  Grumeleux.  Com- 
posed of  clots. 

CLOU,  Clavus,  Furun cuius — c.  Hystirique, 
Clavus  hystericus  —  c.  de  I'CEil,  Clavus  oculi. 

CLOUDBERRIES,  Rubus  chamsemorus. 

CLOUDBERRY  TREE,  Rubus  chamsemo- 
rus. 

CLOVE,  see  Eugenia  caryophyllata — e.  Bark, 
see  Myrtus  caryophyllata  —  c.  Pink,  Dianthus 
caryophyllus  —  c.  July  flower,  Dianthus  caryo- 
phyllus. 

CLUBFEET,  Kyllosis. 

CLUBMOSS,  Lycopodium  —  c.  Common,  Ly- 
copodium  complanatum  —  c.  Fir,  Lycopodium 
selago  —  c.  Upright,  Lycopodium  selago. 

CLUNES,  Nates. 

CLUNE'SIA,  from  dunes,  'the  nates.'  Proc- 
talgia, Procti'tis.  An  inflammation  of  the  but- 
tocks.— Vogel. 

CLUNIS,  Sacrum. 

CLUPEA  THRYSSA.  The  Yellow-biUed 
Sprat;  a  very  poisonous  fish  of  the  West  Indies. 

CLUTIA  ELUTERIA,  Croton  cosoarilla. 

CLYDON,  Flatulence. 

CLYPEALIS  (Cartilago.)     Thyroid  cartilage. 

CLYSANTLIUM,  Syringe,  Clyster. 

CLYSIS,  Chjsmus.  Same  etymon  as  clyster. 
The  application  of  a  clyster.  Washing  out  by 
means  of  a  clyster. 

CLYSMA,  Clysis,  Clyster,  Enema— c.  Toni- 
eum.  Enema  fcetidum. 

CLYSMA'TION,  same  etymon  as  clyster.  A 
diminutive  of  clvsma.     A  small  clyster. 

CLYSMUS,  Clysis,  Enema. 

GLYSOIRE,  (F.)  An  apparatus  for  adminis- 
tering enemata,  consisting  of  along  funnel-shaped 
tube  of  elastic  gum,  furnished  with  a  pipe  at  the 
apex. 

GLYSOPOMPE,  Syringe,  Clyster. 

CLYSTER,  Glyste'rium,  Clysma,  Enclys'ma, 
Glysmus,  En'ema,  Lavamen' turn,  from  kXvI^hv,  'to 
vrash.'  (F.)  Glystere,  Lavement,  Remede.  A  li- 
quid, thrown  into  the  large  intestines  by  means 
of  a  syringe,  or  bladder  and  pipe  properly  pre- 
pared, &c. ;  the  nozzle  of  the  syringe  or  pipe 
being  introduced  into  the  anus.     See  Enema. 

Clyster,  Anodyne,  Enema  anodynum  —  c. 
Common,  Enema  commune — c.  Domestic,  Enema 
commune  —  c.  Fetid,  Enema  fcetidum  —  c.  Pipe, 
Elasma  —  c.  Purging,  Enema  catharticum  —  c. 
Starch  and  opium,  Enema  anodynum — c.  Tobac- 
co, Enema  tabaci  —  c.  Turpentine,  Enema  tere- 
binthinse — ^c.  Uterinus,  Sparallium. 

GL  YSTERE,  Enema. 

CNEME,  Leg,  Tibia. 

CNEMODACTYL^US,  Extensor  communis 
digitorum  pedis. 

CNEMOLORDO'SIS,  from  KWjir,,  'the  leg,' 
and  Xop^uai;,  'the  state  of  being  bent  forward.' 
Bending  of  the  leg  forward. 

CNEkOSCOLIO'SIS,  from  kvvihv,  'leg,'  and 
c-KoXiueri;,  '  bending,'  especially  sideways.  Bend- 
ing of  the  leg  sideways.  The  state  of  being  bow- 
legged,  or  bandy-legged. 

CNEORON,  Daphne  gnidium. 

CNEORUM  TRICOC'CUM,  Almere'rion,  Ac- 
nes'tos,  ChariKsle'a,  Widoiv-ivail,  Spurc/e-  Olive, 
(F.)  GamelSe.  This  plant,  a  native  of  Southern 
Europe,  contains  a  very  irritating,  acrid  prin- 
ciple.    The   ancients   employed  its  leaves  as  a 


powerful  purgative.  It  is  now  sometimes  used 
for  deterging  ulcers. 

CNESIS,  Cnesmos,  Gnismos.  A  painful  itching. 
—  Galen. 

CNESMA,  Itching. 

CNESMOS,  Cnesis,  Itching,  Prurigo. 

CNICEL^'UM,  from  kukos,  'carthamus,'  and 
cXaiov,  'oil.'     Oil  of  carthamus. — Dioscorides. 

CNICUS,  Carthamus  tinctorius — c.  Sylvcstris, 
Centaurea  benedicta. 

CNIDELiE'ON,  Gnidela'um.,  from  (ci-iJeij, 
'cnidia,'  and  iSaiov,  'oil.'  Oil  made  from  the 
grana  cnidia  or  mezereon  berries. — Dioscorides. 

CNID'IA  GPbANA,  Gnidii  Cocci,  Coccognid'ia, 
^to'lion,  Gocciim.  The  berries  of  the  Daphne 
gnidium. — Foesius. 

CNIDIUM  SILAUS,  Peucedanum  silaus— c. 
Tenuifolium,  Sison  ammi. 

CNIDO'SIS.  A  pungent  itching,  compared  to 
that  produced  by  the  Urtica  iirens  or  -Nettle. 
{Kviiij.) — Hippoc.     Urticaria;  urticatio. 

CNIP'OTES,  Pruri'tiis.  Itching.  The  dry 
ophthalmia,  JCerophthal'mia. 

CNISMOREGMIA,  Pyrosis. 

CNISMOS,  Cnesmos. 

CNISSA,  see  Nidorous. 

CNISSOREG'MIA,  from  nvicra,  'the  smell  of 
burnt  fat,'  and  opeyiii,  '  I  put  forth  ;'  Ructiis  nido- 
ro'sus.  A  nidorous  eructation,  as  of  rotten 
eggs. 

CNYMA,  Kvviia.  A  slight  itching.  Also,  a 
puncture  or  vellication. — Galen. 

COACUM,  Phytolacca  decandra. 

COAGMENTATIO,  Gomphosis. 

COAGULABLE  LYMPH,  Fibrin,  Liquor  san- 
guinis. 

COAG'ULANTS,  Coagnlan'tia,  from  coagv- 
lare, — itself  from  eo  and  cigere,  'to  act  together.' 
Remedies,  or  poisons,  supposed  to  possess  the 
power  of  coagulating  the  blood,  or  to  give  con- 
sistency to  animal  fluids,  ^he  word  and  the  ab- 
surd notions  connected  with  it  are  equally  aban- 
doned. 

COAGULA'TION,  Goagnla'tio,  Thromho'sis. 
The  conversion  of  a  liquid  into  a  more  or  less 
soft  and  tremulous  mass.  Many  animal  and 
vegetable  fluids  are  capable  of  coagulation. 

COAG'ULUM,  Grunms,  (F.)  Caillot,  Grumeav, 
('a  small  clot.')  A  soft  mass  formed  in  a  coogu- 
lable  liquid.  The  Clot  of  the  Blood  is  particu- 
larly so  called — the  Criior,  Insula,  Placen'ta, 
Hepar  San'giiinis,  Crassamen'tnm,  Sanguis  con- 
cre'tus  ; — the  red  mass,  composed  of  fibrin,  serum, 
and  colouring  matter,  which  separates  when  the 
blood  is  left  to  itself.  See  Blood.  The  word  is 
also  applied,  in  pathology,  to  the  sanguineous 
concretions,  which  form  in  different  natural  and 
accidental  cavities;  and  which,  when  they  occur 
at  the  mouth  of  a  divided  artery,  sometimes  sus- 
pend the  flow  of  blood.  This  is,  indeed,  one  of 
the  means  by  which  hemorrhage  is  arrested. 

Coag'ulxjm  AliU'MlNIS,  Goag'tdum  Alumino'- 
sum,  Gata2ylas'ma  alu'minia.  Alum  curd  or  cata- 
plasm. This  is  made  by  beating  the  white  of 
egg  with  a  little  alum,  until  a  coagukim  is  formed. 
It  is  applied  in  cases  of  ophthalmia,  where  an 
astringent  is  necessary. 

COALES'CENCE,  Goalescen'tia,  GoaWio 
par'iium,  from  coalescere,  'to  run  together,'  (from 
cum,  'with,'  and  alere,  'to  nourish,)  Sym'physis, 
Pros'physis.  The  adhesion  or  union  of  parts 
previously  separated,  as  in  case  of  wounds  and 
preternatural  adhesions  or  malformations.  See 
Monster. 

COALITIO  PARTIUM,  Coalescence. 

COALIT"ION,  Coalit"io.  The  same  etymon 
as  coalescence.  It  has  been  used  in  the  same 
cases;  as  well  as  to  express  the  action  of  sever-U 


COALITUS 


216 


COCHLEARIA 


parts  of  the  frame,  which  have  the  same  nu- 
trition. 

COALITUS,  Symphysis. 

COALTER'N^  PEBRES.  A  name  given  to 
two  intermittents,  which  attack  a  person  at  the 
Bame  time,  but  whose  paroxysms  are  distinct :  so 
that  the  attack  of  one  supervenes  when  the  other 
has  ceased.  The  term  Double  Intermittent  ex- 
presses the  same  meaning. 

COAPTA'TION,  Goapta'tio,  from  cum,  '  with,' 
and  aptare,  •  to  adjust,'  '  adapt ;'  Parago'ge.  The 
act  of  adapting  the  two  extremities  of  a  fractured 
bone  to  each  other;  or  of  restoring  a  luxated 
bone  to  its  place.  Coaptation  must  be  effected 
gently.  Usually,  extension  and  counter-exten- 
sion are,  in  the  first  place,  necessary. 

COARTICULATIO,  Diarthrosis,  Synarthrosis. 

COARCTATIO,  Arctatio,  Coarctation,  Stric- 
ture —  e.  Ventriculi,  Stricture  of  the  Stomach. 

COARCTA'TION,  Coarcta'tio,  from  coarctare, 
'to  straiten.'  Stricture.  Avicenna  speaks  of 
Coarctation  of  the  Pulse. 

COAT,  BUEFY,  Corium  phlogisticum. 

COBALT,    PROTOXIDE  OF,  Smalt. 

COBHAM,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Cob- 
ham  is  seven  miles  from  Kingston,  in  Surrey, 
England.    The  waters  are  weak  saline  purgatives. 

COBRA  DI  CAPELLO,  Crotalus  horridus. 

COBWEB,  Araneas  tela. 

COCASH,  Erigeron  Philadelphicum. 

COCCA'RIUM.     A  very  small  pill. 

COCCHIA,  Cochia. 

COCCI  GRANUM,  Kermes— c.  Orientales,  see 
Menispermum  cocculus.  ^ 

CO  GCIGIO-  CUTANE  SPHINCTER,  Sphinc- 
ter ani  externus. 

COCCINELLA,  Coccus  cacti. 

CoccmEL'LA  Septemptjncta'ta,  Lady  -  hird. 
Lady-cow,  Lady -hug.  This  insect,  bruised  upon 
an  aching  tooth,  has  long  been  regarded  as  anti- 
odontalgic. 

COC'CION",  KOKKiov.  A  weight,  mentioned  by 
Myrepsus ;  the  same  as  the  siliqua. 

COCCIONELLA,  Coccus  cacti. 

COCCOBALSAMUM,  see  Amyris  opobalsa- 
mum. 

COCCOGNIDIA,  Cnidia  grana. 

COCCOLOBA  UVIFERA,  see  Kino. 

COCCONES,  see  Punica  granatum. 

COCCUL^  OFFICINARUM,  see  Menisper- 
mum cocculus. 

COCCULUS  CRISPUS,  Menispermum  tuber- 
culatum— c.  Indi  aromatiea,  see  Myrtus  pimenta 
— c.  Indicus,  see  Menispermum  cocculus — c.  Pal- 
matus,  Columba— c.  Suberosus,  Menispermum 
cocculus. 

COCCUM,  Cnidia  grana,  Kermes  —  c.  Baphi- 
cum,  Kermes— c.  Infeotorium,  Kermes — c.  Scar- 
latinum,  Kermes — c.  Tinctorum,  Kermes. 

COCCUS,  Coccus  cacti — c.  Americanus,  Coccus 
cacti. 

Coccus  Cacti.  The  systematic  name  of  the 
Coch'ineal  Insect,  Goccinel'la,  Cochinil'la,  Goccio- 
nel'la,  Coccinil'la,  Ficus  In'dia  grana,  Coccus 
Polon'ious,  Scaraha' olus  he7nisph(B'ricus,  Cochi- 
nelif'era  cochinil'la.  Coccus  Amcrica'nus,  Coccus 
In'dicus  Tincto'rius,  Cochinelle,  Coccus ;  th^e  Coch'- 
ineal Animal,  (F.)  Cochenille,  Graine  d'Ecarlate. 
The  cochineal  insects  have  a  faint,  heavy  odour; 
their  taste  is  acrid,  bitterish,  and  astringent :  co- 
lour blackish-red  externally, — purple-red  within. 
They  are  used  chiefly  for  giving  a  red  colour  to 
tinctures,  &c.  They  were,  at  one  time,  esteemed 
Bstringent,  stimulant,  diuretic,  and  anodyne. 

Coccus  Ilicis,  Kermes — c.  Indicus  tinctorius. 
Coccus  cacti — c.  Indicus,  see  Menispermum  coc- 
culus— c.  Polonicus,  Coccus  cacti. 

COCCYCEPH'ALUS,  Coccy'go-ceph'alus,  from 


coccyx  and  KcfaXri,  '  the  head.'  A  monster  ■whose 
head  has  the  shape  of  the  os  coccygis. 

COCCYGEAL,  Coccygeus  —  c.  Nerve,  see  Sa- 
cral Nerves. 

COCCYGE'US,  Coccyge'al,  from  kokkv^,  because 
it  is  inserted  into  the  coccyx;  Ischio- Coccygeus, 
(F.)  Ischio-cocoygien.  Belonging  both  to  thy 
ischium  and  coccyx.  The  muscle  Ischio-coccy- 
geus,  Leva'tor  Coccy'gis,  Triangula'ris  Coccy'gis. 
It  arises  from  the  spinous  process  of  the  ischium, 
and  is  inserted  into  the  extremity  of  the  sacrum ; 
and  into  nearly  the  whole  length  of  the  os  coc- 
cygis laterally.  It  retains  the  coccyx  in  place, 
and.  prevents  it  from  being  forced  backwards 
during  the  evacuation  of  the  faeces, 

COCCYGIO-ANAL,  Sphincter  ani  externus. 

CO  CC  YGIO-CUTANE  SPHINCTEE, 
Sphincter  ani  externus. 

COCCYGOCEPHALUS,  Coccycephalus. 

COCCYMELEA,  Prunus  domestica. 

COCCYX,  'a  cuckoo,'  whose  bill  it  is  said  to 
resemble ;  Os  Coccy'gis,  Cauda,  Ossis  sacri  aeu'- 
men,  Os  Al'agas,  Bump  Pone,  Crupper  Pone,  Cu'- 
culu-s,  Uropyg'ion,  Spon'dylis,  Spondyl'ium.  An 
assemblage  of  small  bones,  attached  to  the  lower 
part  of  the  sacrum  ;  the  curvature  of  which  it 
prolongs,  and  of  which  it  seems  to  be  an  append- 
age. Generally,  it  consists  of  four  bones.  Be- 
hind the  base  of  the  coccyx  are  two  small  tuber- 
cular eminences.  These  are  called  Cornua  of  the 
Coccyx. 

C0CHE3IAR,  Incubus. 

COCHENILLE,  Coctus  cacti. 

COCHERIA,  Cochia. 

COCHIA,  Cocchia,  Coche'ria,  from  kokkos, 
'berry,'  'seed,'  or  from  koxvu>,  'to  flow  profusely.' 
An  ancient  name  for  several  ofiicinal  purgative 
pills ;  thus  called,  either  because  they  produced 
copious  evacuations,  or  were  shaped  like  a  seed. 

COCHIN  LEG,  see  Elephantiasis. 

COCHINEAL,  Coccus  cacti. 

COCHINELIFERA  COCHINILLA,  Coccus 
cacti. 

COCHINILLA,  Coccus  cacti. 

COCH'LEA.  A  Snail's  shell,  (F.)  LimaQon, 
Coquille.  Anatomists  have  given  this  name  to 
the  most  anterior  of  the  three  cavities,  which 
constitute  the  labyrinth  of  the  ear,  the  Ptlvia 
Au'rium,  Concha  atiris  inter'na,  Cav'itas  enchlea'- 
ta,  C.  huccina'ta.  Antrum  bvccino'sum.  Concha  La- 
byrin'thi,  Troch'lea  labyrinth'i :  —  and  that  of 
Scales  of  the  Cochlea,  (F.)  Pampes  du  lrma<;on,  to 
two  spiral  cavities  in  the  interior  of  the  cochlea. 
One  of  these  scalae  terminates  at  the  Fenes'tra 
rotun'da,  and  is  called  Sca/a  tympani :  the  other 
opens  at  the  anterior  and  inferior  part  of  the  ves- 
tibule :  it  is  called  Scala  vestib'uli. 

Cochlea,  Scal^  of  the,  see  Cochlea. 

COCHLEAR,  Cochleare  —  c.  Auriculare,  Ear- 
pick — c.  Nerve,  see  Auditory  Nerve. 

COCHLEA'RE,  Coch'lear,  Cochlea'rivm,  from 
cochlea;  its  bowl  resembling  a  shell.  A  spoonful, 
(F.)  Cuilleree;  abbreviated  in  prescriptions  usu- 
ally to  cocli.     See  Abbreviation.     Also,  a  scoop. 

Cochlea're  Magnum,  a  tablespoonful ;  C.  Me'- 
dium,  a  dessert  or  pap-spoonful ;  and  C.  Min'i- 
mum,  a  teaspoonful. 

COCHLEA'RIA,  from  cochleare,  'a  spoon,'  so 
called  from  its  I'esemblance.     C.  officinnlis. 

Coculea'ria  Armora'cia,  Paph'anus  rusti- 
ca'nus,  Armora'cia,  A,  sati'va,  A.  rustica'na, 
Pajoh'  anus  mari'nus,  Paph'  anus  sylves'  tris, 
Paph'anus  magna,  Horseradish.  Family,  Cruci- 
ferce.  »S'ex. /S'^sf.  Tetradj'namia  Siliculosa.  (F. ) 
Paifort  sauvage,  Cran,  Cran  de  Preta^nt.  The 
root  of  horseradish  is  frequently  used  <»t  table; 
and  has  long  been  in  the  Materia  Medica.     It  is 


COCHLEARIFORMIS 


217 


CCELIAC 


stimulant  and  diuretic.     Externally  it  is  rube- 
facient. 

Cochlea'ria  Coron'opus,  Coron'opv.8,  Coron'- 
optis  Ruel'lii  seu  de2yres' stis  seu  vulga'ris,  Le- 
pid'ium  squama' turn,  Senebie'ra  coron'opus,  Wild 
Scurvy  Grass,  Swine's  Cress,  (F.)  Oorne  de  Cerf. 
This  European  plant  is  considered  to  be  diuretic 
and  antiscorbutic.  The  term  Coron'opus  was 
given,  by  the  ancients,  to  various  plants. 

Cochlea'ria  Hortensis,  Cocblearia  officinalis. 

Cochlea'ria  Officina'lis,  Cochlearia,  C.  Jtor- 
ten'sis  seu  pyrena'ica  seu  vulga'ris.  Lemon  Scurvy 
Grass,  Common  Scnrvy  Grass,  (F.)  Cranson,  Herhe 
aux  cuillers.  It  has  been  considered  a  powerful 
antiscorbutic.     It  is  sometimes  eaten  in  salad. 

Cochlea'ria  Pyrena'ica,  C.  officinalis  —  c. 
Vulgaris,  C.  officinalis. 

COCHLEARIFOR'MIS,  from  cochleare, 
'a  spoon,'  sxidi  forma,  'shape ;'  (F.)  Bee  de  Cuiller. 

COCHLEARIFORMIS  Proces'sus,  Cochlear' i/orm 
process.  A  small,  very  thin  plate,  which  sepa- 
rates the  bony  portion  of  the  Eustachian  tube 
from  the  canal  for  the  passage  of  the  tensor  tym- 
pani. 

COCHLEA'RIS.  A  gelatinous  looking  tissue, 
seen  on  opening  the  cochlea,  by  which  the  mem- 
branous zone  is  connected,  at  its  outer  or  convex 
margin,  with  the  outer  wall.  It  is  supposed  by 
Todd  and  Bowman  to  be  muscular ;  and  to  have 
a  preservative  office,  being  placed  to  defend  the 
cochlear  nerves  from  undue  vibrations  of  sound, 
in  a  way  analogous  to  that  in  which  the  iris  pro- 
tects the  retina  from  excessive  light. 

COCHLEARJUM,  Cochleare. 

COCHO'NE,  Koxoivr,.  The  junction  of  the 
ischium,  near  the  seat  or  breech. — Foesius.  The 
breech  proper,  from  the  hip-bones  to  the  anus. 
The  perinfeum.     The  coccyx. 

COCIL'IO.     A  weight  of  eleven  ounces. 

COCKLE-BUR,  Agrimony. 

COCKLES,  INDIAN,  see  Menispermum  coc- 
culus. 

COCKMINT,  Tanaeetum  balsamita. 

COCKUP  HAT,  StUlingia. 

COCLES,  Borgne. 

COCO,  Cocos  nucifera. 

Coco  OP  THE  Maldives,  Cocos  de  Ifaldt'vd. 
The  fruit  of  a  palm,  called  Lodo'ice'a  by  Com- 
nierson.  It  was  formerly  termed,  in  the  shops, 
X'uj^  Ifed'ica,  and  enjoyed  great  reputation. 

COCOA,  Cacao. 

COCOA  CACAVIFERA,  Cacao. 

COCOBAY,  Mai  de  San  Lazaro. 

COCOS  BUTYRA'CEA.  The  name  of  the 
plant  which  affords  the  palm  oil,  O'leum  pal'mcB, 
obtained  chiefly  from  the  fruit,  by  bruising  and 
mixing  the  kernels  with  water,  without  the  aid 
of  heat,  by  which  the  oil  is  separated  and  rises 
to  the  surface.  It  is  of  the  consistence  of  an 
ointment,  with  little  taste,  and  a  strong,  though 
not  disagreeable,  smell.  It  is  applied  to  sprains, 
&c. ;  but  has  no  advantages  over  other  oils.  It 
,has  been  called,  also,  O'leum  Palma  seba'ceum, 
O.fix'um  nueum  cocos  butyra'cecB  and  Maclcaw 
fat.  It  is  procured  likewise  from  the  Ela'is 
Guineen' sis,  and  Ela'is  Occidenta'lis,  two  spe- 
cies of  palms. 

Cocos  Nucip'era,  Palma  cocos,  (F.)  Oocotier. 
Order,  Palmse.  The  systematic  name  of  the 
plant  whose  fruit  is  the  cocoa  nut.  (F.)  Coco. 
It  is  an  agreeable  kernel,  but  not  easy  of  diges- 
tion. Emulsions,  orgeat,  <&c.,  are  made  from  it. 
The  juice  of  the  cocoa,  when  fermented,  forms 
wine,  and  arrack  is  distilled  from  it. 

GOCOTE,  Influenza. 

00 COTTER,  Cocos  nucifera. 

COCTIO,  Coction,  Digestion — c.  Ciborum,  Di- 
gestion— c.  Morbi,  Coction. 


COCTION,  Coc'tio,  Pepsis,  Pepan'sis,  Pepaa'- 
mos,  Sympep'sis,  Concoc'tion,  from  coquere,  '  to 
boil.'  This  word  has  been  employed  in  various 
senses.  1.  With  the  ancients,  coction  meant  the 
particular  kind  of  alteration  which  the  food  ex- 
periences in  the  digestive  organs,  particularly  in 
the  stomach.  It  meant  a  preparation  from  its 
crude  state.  2.  It  expressed  the  maturation  or 
change,  which  the  humeral  pathologists  believed 
morbific  matter  experiences  before  elimination. 
It  was  considered,  that  coction,  Coc'tio  morbi, 
was  produced  during  the  violence  of  the  disease ; 
and  hence  this  was  called  the  Period  of  Coction. 
See  Humorism. 

COD,  or  CODS,  Scrotum. 

COD-OIL,  Oleum  jecoris  aselli. 

COD-LIVER  OIL,  Oleum  jecoris  aselU. 

CODAGAPALA  BARK,  Nerium  antidysento- 
ricum. 

CODE,  Codex. 

CODEIA,  Codeine. 

COD'EINE,  Code'i'a,  Codei'mim,  Papaveri' ntim, 
from  Kiiiiia,  '  a  poppy  head.'  An  alkaloid,  disco- 
vered, by  Robiquet,  in  opium,  in  1832.  It  ia 
soluble  in  water,  alcohol  and  ether,  and  unites 
readily  with  acids.  As  a  hypnotic,  Magendie 
thinks  one  grain  of  codeia  equal  to  half  a  grain 
of  morphia.  The  muriate  of  codeia  appears  to 
be  stronger  than  the  pure  codeia. 

CODESELLA,  Anthrax. 

CODEX.  A  collection  of  laws.  (F.)  Code. 
By  extension,  a  collection  of  approved  medical 
formulse,  with  the  processes  necessary  for  form- 
ing the  compounds  referred  to  in  it.  The  Pari- 
sian Pharmacopoeia  is  styled  Codex  viedicamen- 
ta'ritis. 

Codex  Medicamentaeius,  Formulary,  see 
Codex. 

CODIA,  Papaver  (capsule.) 

CODOCELE,  Bubo. 

CODOSCELLA,  Bubo. 

CCECAL,  Ca?cal. 

CCECITAS,  Ciecitas. 

CCECUM,  Cajcum. 

COEFFE,  Caul. 

CQjl'LIA,  Koi\ia,  koi\t!,  'a  hollow  place.'  This 
word  generally  meant  a  cavity  in  the  body: — the  ' 
abdomen,  in  particular.  It  has  also  been  used 
for  the  alimentary  canal,  &c. :  —  avto  Koi\ta,  'the 
stomach,'  kutu}  KoiXta,  '  the  abdomen.'  Also,  an 
alvine  evacuation;  excrement. 

CCE'LIAC,  Coeliacus,  Gastrocoe'liaciis,  Gastro- 
cos'licus,  (F.)  Cceliaque  on  Geliaqne,  from  KoiXia, 
'the  cavity  of  the  abdomen.'  Relating  to  the 
cavity  of  the  abdomen. 

Cceliac  Artery,  A.  Cce'Uaca,  Coeliac  axis,  A. 
opistogastrique,  Ch.,  A.  Cceliaque,  Tronc  cceli- 
aque, Trepied  de  la  coeliaque,  is  situate  above  the 
pancreas,  and  behind  the  upper  part  of  the  sto- 
mach. It  arises  from  the  anterior  part  of  the 
abdominal  aorta,  where  it  passes  between  \  the 
pillars  of  the  diaphragm,  and  soon  divides  into 
the  coronaria  ventriculi,  hepatic,  and  spilenic  ar- 
teries. 

Cceliac  Flux,  Cceliac  Passion,  Coeliaca  chylo'- 
sa,  Biarrhoe'a  chylo'sa,  £>.  chymo'sa,  Fluxus  chy- 
lo'sus  seu  cceliacus,  Passio  ccelinca,  P.  Ventricv- 
lo'sa,  Chymoche'zia,  Fluor  albus  intestino'riiin, 
Chylorrhoe'a,  Chymorrhce'a,  Ccelinca  lac' tea,  Mor- 
bus cceliacus,  Chylodiarrhce'a,  Galactodiarrhoe' a, 
Sedes  lactescen'tes,  Gastrorrhce'a,  (F.)  Flux  cali- 
aque.  A  species  of  diarrhoea,  in  which  the  food 
is  discharged  by  the  bowels  in  an  undigested 
condition.  By  some,  defined  to  be  diarrhoea  at- 
tended with  discharges  of  chj'le  or  chyme.  It  is, 
in  general,  sj'mptomatic  of  tubercular  disease  of 
the  mesenteric  glands.     See  Lientery. 


CCELIACA 


218 


COlNCIDENTIA 


^?(EL1AC  Passiok,  Coeliac  flux. 

CcELiAC  Plexus,  Solar  Plexus,  Plexus  mesen- 
\*>'ii  2^ro'^j/'i((s  et  max'iinus,  P.  gangl!fo7''iiu8 
i^milnna'ris,  (F.)  Plexus  median  ou  ojjisfogas- 
triqne,  (Ch.,)  PI.  Cceliac  ou  solaire,  Ganglion  de 
ViEussEss,  is  formed  of  numerous  nervous  fila- 
ments, which  proceed  from  tlie  semilunar  ganglia 
of  the  great  sympathetic.  It  is  strengthened  by 
several  branches  of  the  right  and  left  pneumo- 
gastric  nerves ;  is  seated  around  the  trunk  of 
the  coeliac  artery,  behind  the  stomach,  and  fur- 
Eishes  the  secondary  plexuses  —  the  diaj^hrag- 
ftiatic,  coronary  of  the  stomach,  splenic  and  he- 
2)at{c,  which  accompany  the  ai'teries  of  the  same 
name. 

CCELIAC  A,  from  KoiKiaKo;,  '  ca-.liac.'  Diseases 
of  the  digestive  organs ;  the  1st  class  in  Good's 
Nosology.  It  comprises  two  orders,  Enterica  and 
Splanchnica.  Also,  medicines  that  act  on  the 
digestive  organs. — Pereira. 

CcELiACA  Chylosa,  Coeliac  flux  —  c.  Lactea, 
Cceliac  flux  —  c.  Renalis,  Chyluria — c.  Urinalis, 
Chyluria. 

CCELIiE'MIA,  Hi/peres'mia  ahdom'inis,  Con- 
ges'tio  ahdomina'lis,  from  KoiXia,  'the  abdomen,' 
and  'aijjia,  'blood.'  Hyperaemia  or  congestion  of 
the  blood-vessels  of  the  abdomen. 

C(ELIAGP>,A,  Gastri'tis  seu  Enteri'tis  sen  CoV- 
ica  seu  Diarrhce'a  arthrit'ica.  Gout  of  the  ab- 
domen. 

CCELIALGIA,  Tormina. 

CCELIAQUE,  TREPIEB  BE  LA,  CoeUac 
artery. 

CCELIOCELE,  see  Hernia,  hypogastric. 

CCELIOCHYSIS,  Ascites. 

CCELIOCYESIS,  Pregnancy,  abdominal. 

CCELIODYNIA,  Colic. 

CCELIOLYvSIA,  Diarrhcea. 

CCELION'CUS,  Goeliophy'ma,  from  Koilia,  'the 
abdomen,'  and  oyKOf,  '  a  tumour.'  A  tumour  of 
the  abdomen. 

CCELIOPHYMA,  Coelioncus. 

CCELIOPHY'MATA,  Tuher'cula  peritona'i, 
from  KoiXia,  'the  cavity  of  the  abdomen,'  and 
tl>vij.a,  '  a  hard  tumour.'  Tubercles  of  the  perito- 
neum. 

CCELIOPSOPHIA,  Borborygmus. 

CCELIOPYO'SIS,  from  kolXiu,  '  the  abdomen,' 
and  TTvwci;,  'suppuration.'  Suppuration  in  the 
abdomen  or  its  parietes. 

CCELIORRHCEA,  Diarrhcea. 

CCELIORRHEU'MA,  Rheumatis'mus  abdom'- 
hiis,  from  KoiXia,  'the  abdomen,'  and  ptvjxa,  'de- 
fluxion,  rheumatism.'  Rheumatism  of  the  mus- 
cles of  the  abdomen. 

C(ELIOSPAS'MUS,  from  Koilia,  'abdomen,' 
and  (TTrao-fioj,  'spasm.'  Spasm  or  cramp  of  the 
abdomen. 

CCELO'MA,  from  koiXoj,  'hollow.'  A  round 
ulcer  of  the  cornea,  broader  and  deeper  than  that 
described  under  the  name  Bothrion. 

CCELON,  Cavity, 

CCELOPHTHAL'MUS,  from  koiXo?,  'hollow,' 
and  o<pQa\)ioq,  '  eye.'     One  who  is  hollow-eyed. 

CCELOSTOM'IA,  from  KoiXog,  'hollow,'  and 
arofxa,  '  mouth.'  A  defect  in  speaking,  when  the 
voice  seems  as  if  it  came  from  a  cavern  ; — that  is, 
obscure,  and  as  if  at  a  distance. 

CCELOS'TOMUS,  same  etymon.  One  who  has 
is  nollow  voice. 

CCELOTES,  Cavity. 

CCEN^STHE'SIS,  from  Koiv»i,  'common,'  and 
tita^t]aLg,  '  feeling.'  Concesthe'sis.  Common  feel- 
ing. Some  German  writers  mean,  by  this,  a  sixth 
cense.  It  is  the  feeling  of  self-existence  or  indi- 
viduality, and  is  manifested  by  the  sense  of  Ijuoy- 
kiicy  or  depression,  which  we  experience  without 


any  known  cause;  —  by  involuntary  sliuddering 
feeling  of  chill  or  glow,  &c. 

CCENOLOGIA,  Consultation. 

CCE' NOTES,  Kotvorris,  'commonness,'  from 
Koivos,  '  common.'  The  physicians  of  the  metho- 
dic sect  asserted  that  all  diseases  arise  from  re- 
laxation, stricture,  or  a  mixture  of  both.  These 
were  called  Cosnotes :  or  what  diseases  have  in 
common. 

COETUS,  Coition. 

C(EUR,  Heart. 

COF'EEA  ARAB'ICA,  C.  vulga'ris,  Jas'mimm 
Aruh'icum,  (F.)  Oafler,  and  Cafeyer.  Family,  Ru- 
biacese.  Sex.  Syst.  Pentandria  Monogynia.  The 
plant  which  affords  coffee,  Chouva,  Bon,  Buna, 
(F.)  Cafe.     Originally  from  Yemen. 

The  infusion  of  coffee  is  an  agreeable  and 
wholesome  article  of  diet.  It  is,  to  a  certain  ex- 
tent, a  tonic,  and  is  employed  as  such  in  conva- 
lescence, especially  from  fevers,  <tc.  In  cases 
of  poisoning  by  opium,  and  in  old  asthmas,  its 
use  has  been  extolled.  For  this  purpose  the 
Moha  is  the  best.  It  ought  to  be  newly  torrefied, 
but  not  too  much  burnt;  should  be  strong,  and 
drunk  soon  after  grinding.  Factitious  Coffees 
have  been,  from  time  to  time,  recommended,  but 
they  are  infinitely  inferior  to  the  genuine.  Va- 
rious substitutes  have  been  proposed;  icheat,  bar- 
ley, hollyberriss,  acorns,  sunflower  seeds,  beech- 
mast,  peas,  beans,  succory-root,  seeds  of  gooseber- 
ries and  currants\Qft  in  making  wine,  and  washed, 
— sliced  turnips,  kc.  These  have  been  roasted, 
with  the  addition  of  a  little  butter  or  oil :  but 
they  have  not  the  aroma  of  coffee.  The  best  sub- 
stitute is  said  to  be  the  seeds  of  the  Yellow  water 
flag,  Gladiolus  luteus  or  Iris  pseudacorus. 

Hunt's  (Economical  Breakfast  Poioder  con- 
sisted of  rve,  roasted  with  a  little  butter. 

COFFEE-TREE,  Gymnocladus  Canadensis. 

COFFEE,  WILD,  Triosteum. 

COGNITIO  PHYSIOLOGICA,  Physiology. 

COHABITATIO,  Coition. 

COHABITA'TION,  Cohabita'tio,  from  cum, 
'with,'  and  habitare,  'to  dwell.'  The  act  of 
dwelling  together.  In  legal  medicine,  it  means 
the  consummation  of  marriage. — Copulation. 

COHE'SION,  CohcBsio,  from  cun\,  'with,'  and 
hcerere,  '  to  stick.'  Vis  cohcBsio'nis,  Vis  adhas- 
sio'nis.  Vis  attractio'nis.  Force  of  cohe'sion.  At- 
traction of  cohesion,  A.  of  aggrega'tion,  is  that 
force  in  the  particles  of  matter,  whereby  they  are 
connected  in  such  a  way  as  to  resist  any  attempt 
towards  their  removal  or  separation.  This  force 
has  to  be  attended  to,  in  the  management  of  dis- 
ease. Emollients,  rubbed  into  a  part,  act  by 
diminishing  the  cohesion. 

COHIBENS,  Epischetieus. 

COHOBA'TION,  Cohoba'tio,  Coho'bium,  Co'- 
hob,  Co'hoph.  Distillation  of  a  liquid — already 
distilled — on  the  same  substances.  When  this  is 
repeated  three  or  four  times,  it  is  called  Becoho- 
ba'tion. 

COHOL.  Synonym  of  Alcohol.  Also,  a  dry 
collyrium. — Avicenna.  ' 

COHOSH,  ActEca  racemosa,  Caulophyllum  tha- 
lictro'ides  —  c.  Black,  Aetata  racemosa — c.  Blue- 
berry, Caulophyllum  thaliotroides. 

COHUSH,  Caulophyllum  thalictroides. 

COIFFE,  Caul. 

COIGN,  see  Pj'rus  cydonia. 

COIGNASSIER,  Pyrus  cydonia. 

COJNCIDEN'TIA.  Some  authors  have  trans- 
lated, by  this  term,  the  word  parempto'sis,  used 
by  Galen  to  designate  the  oeehision  of  the  fora- 
men opticum  by  a  humour,  proceeding  from  the 
base  *f  the  brain,  and  occasioning  blindness. — 
Castelli. 


COiNDICAXT 


219 


COLICA  ACCIDENTALIS 


COiN'DICANT,  Coin'dicans,  from  con,  'with,' 
and  indico,  '  I  indicate.' 

Coin'dicant  Signs  are  those  which  furnish  the 
same  indications ;  or  which  confirm  the  indica- 
tion aiforded  by  another  sign  : — avvivhiKwutva. 

COIRA,  Catechu. 

COIRAS,  Scrofula. 

COIT,  Coition. 

COIT"ION,  Oo'itus,  Go'etus,  from  coeo,  (con, 
and  eo,  '  to  go,')  '  to  go  together.'  Oojnda'tion, 
t'Opula'tio,  Cop'ula  Carna'lis,  Aphrodie'm,  AphrO' 
disiasm'us,  Ep>'p'loce,  Acces'siis,  Basia'tio,  Am- 
jilexa'tio,  Amplex'us,  Conven'tus,  Complex'io,  Con- 
Ju'f/ium,  Agglutina'tio,  Lagne'a,  Lacjneu'ma,  Lag- 
nei'a,  Jlixis,  Permis'tio,  Pennix'tio,  Syndyas'mua, 
iSi/nu'sia,  Coricu'bitus,  Congres'sus,  Cohabita'tio, 
Venus,  Pes  Vene'rea,  Concii' bitus  vene'reus,  Prm'- 
lium,  DueWiim  vene'revm,  Noctur'na  bella,  Con- 
cil'ia  corpora'lia,  Homil'ia,  Ven'ery,  Sexual  in- 
tercourse, (F.)  C'oit,  Approche,  Accouplement. 
The  carnal  union  of  the  sexes. 

COITUS,  Coition— c.  Difficilis,  Dyssynodus— c. 
Sodomiticus,  Buggery. 

COL,  CoUum — e.  de  la  Matrice,  CoUum  uteri — 
c.  Uterin,  Collum  uteri. 

COLA,  Articulation. 

COLATIO,  see  Colatura. 

COLATO'RIUM,  Hylister,  from  colare,  'to 
strain.'  A  strainer  of  any  kind.  (F.)  Couloir. 
A  term  by  which  the  ancient  physicians  described 
every  canal  or  conduit  through  which  the  excre- 
mentitious  humours  of  the  body  are  evacuated. 
Ulcers,  fistula,  setons,  caustics,  <fec.,  have  been 
called  artificial  or  accidental  Colatoria,  because 
they  were  considered  to  be  passages  by  which 
the  animal  economy  is  freed  from  some  morbific 
matter. 

COLATUM,  see  Colatura. 

COLATU'RA,  from  colare,  'to  strain.'  Cola'- 
tum,  (F.)  Colature.  A  filtered  or  strained  liquor. 
It  likewise  means  straining  a  liquid,  —  Cola'tio, 
Diy'lisis,  Diylis'mus,  Hy'Usis,  Hylis'imis. 

COL'CHESTER,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Aqua  Colcestren' sis.  The  waters  of  Colchester 
are  of  the  bitter  purging  kind,  similar  to  those 
of  Epsom. 

COLCHICIA,  see  Colchicum  autumnale. 

COL'CHICUM  AUTUMNA'LEjfrom  the  coun- 
try Colchis.  Meadow  Saffron,  Col' chicum,  Coum, 
(F.)  Colchique,  Tue-chien,  3Iort  aux  cJiiens,  Sa- 
fran  des  pres,  Safran  bdtard.  Family,  Colchi- 
caceee.  Class,  Hexandria.  Order,  Monogynia. 
The  bulb  or  root  (Bulhus  vel  Padix  vel  Cormus,) 
and  the  seeds  are  the  parts  used  in  medicine. 
The  taste  is  acrid,  excoriating  the  mouth  ;  but  the 
acrimony  is  lost  by  drying.  It  is  narcotic,  diu- 
retic, and  cathartic;  and  has  been  given  in 
dropsy,  gout,  and  rheumatism.  Dose,  from  gr.  j 
to  yj  of  the  fresh  bulb.  It  is  supposed  to  be  the 
active  ingredient  of  the  Eau  medicinale  d'Husson. 
The  active  principle  is  called  Colchic"ia.  The 
Colchicum,  in  an  over-dose,  is  an  aero-narcotic 
poison. 

Dr.  Wilson's  Tincture  for  the  Goxit  is  said  to  be 
merely  an  infusion  of  Colchicum,  or  Col'chicin. 

Colchicum  Zeylanicum,  Ksempferia  rotunda. 

COLCHIQUE,  Colchicum  autumnale. 

COL'COTHAR,  Col'cothar  Vitrioli,  Henri'cus 
rubens,  Chalci'tis,  Broicn  red,  Pouge,  Crocus,  Ox- 
idam  Ferri  rubrum,  Tritox'ydnm  Ferri,  Sulphas 
Ferri  calcina'tum,  Ferrum  vitriola'tum  ustum. 
Terra  vitrioli  dulcis.  Crocus  martis  vitriolatus 
seu  adstrin'gens,  (F.)  Pouge  d'Angleterre,  Safran 
de  liars  astringent.  The  red  oxide  of  iron,  ob- 
tained by  calcining  sulphate  of  iron  to  redness, 
""  with  or  without  the  contact  of  air.  It  possesses 
the  general  properties  of  the  preparations  of  iron, 
and  has  been  applied  to  stanch  blood,  &e. 


COLD,  Frigus,  Psychos,  (F.)  Froid.  The  sen- 
sation produced  lay  the  abstraction  of  caloric  from 
our  organs, —  Cheima,  Chimon.     See  Heat. 

Three  degrees  of  cold  are  generally  distin- 
guished in  disease.  1.  The  simple  feeling  of  cold 
(Algor),  2.  Chilliness  (Horror),  and  3.  Shivering 
(Pigor).  Cold  is  employed  in  medicine,  chiefly, 
as  a  refrigerant  and  sedative. 

Cold  in  the  Eye,  Ophthalmia,  catarrhal  —  e. 
in  the  Head,  Coryza. 

COLEITIS,  Colposis. 

COLEOCELE,  see  Hernia. 

COLECEDEMA,  Elytroedema. 

COLEOPTOSIS,  Prolapsus  vaginas. 

COLEORRHEX'IS,  from  xo^£05>  '^  vagina  or 
sheath,'  and  p»7^if,  '  rupture.'  Laceration  or  rup- 
ture of  the  vagina. 

COLEOSITIS,  Leucorrhcea. 

COLEOSTEGNO'SIS,  Colpostegno'sis,  Colpos- 
tenochor'ia,  Colposynize'sis,  from  ^oXco;,  'a  va- 
gina or  sheath,'  and  creyvaai;,  '  constriction.' 
iSTarrowness  of  the  vagina,  natural  or  acquu-ed. 

COLEPE,  Rage. 

COLES,  Penis. 

COLEUS,  Vagina. 

OOLIBEPT,  Cagot. 

COLIC,  Co'licus,  from  kwXov,  'the  colon.'  (F.) 
Colique.     Relating  to  the  colon. 

Colic  Arteries,  Arte'ricB  coUccb,  (F.)  Artercs 
Ooliques,  are  six  in  number,  three  of  which,  given 
off  by  the  superior  mesenteric,  are  called  Volicm- 
dextrcB  ;  and  three,  proceeding  from  the  inferior 
mesenteric,  Colicm  sinis'trcp,.  All  proceed  towards 
the  colon,  passing  between  the  two  laminse  of  the 
peritoneum,  which  form  the  mesocolon,  where 
they  ramify  and  anastomose  with  each  other. 
The  first,  Colicu  dextra,  Pamus  col'ica  dexter,  is 
called  0.  dextra  s^iperior,  (jfleso-coliqiie, —  Ch.) 
The  second,  C.  dextra  media,  Colica  media,  Pa- 
wns colicus  medins,  Arteria  media  anastomot'ica, 
(C.  droits,  Ch.,)  and  the  third,  C.  dextra.  infe'rior 
or  Ileo-colica,  (A.  ccecale,  —  Ch.)  Of  the  three 
Colica  sinistrcB,  the  first  or  superior  is  called,  by 
Chaussier,  Colica  magna  sinis'tra;  the  second  or 
media  is  not  distinguished  from  the  preceding,  as 
they  often  arise  from  a  common  trunk  ;  and  the 
third  is  called  by  Chaussier  Colica  2}<:t>'i'a  sinis'- 
tra. To  these  arteries  as  many  veins  correspond, 
which  open  into  the  great  and  little  mesenteric. 

Colic  Lobe  of  the  Liver  is  the  great  lobe  of 
that  organ. 

Colic,  Co'lica  Passio,  Colica,  Bellyache,  CoV- 
ice,  Colicodyn'ia,  Cceliodyn'ia,  Dolo'res  intestino'- 
rum.  Dolor  co'licus,  Dysenteronerv'ia,  Anentero 
ner'via,  Enteral'gia,  Gripes,  3Iulligrubs.  In  it* 
etymological  acceptation.  Colic  signifies  an  affec- 
tion or  pain  in  the  colon.  But  it  is  employed  in 
a  more  extensive  signification.  It  includes  every 
acute  pain  of  the  abdomen,  aggravated  at  inter- 
vals. The  word  has  often,  however,  epithets 
afiixed  to  it,  which  render  it  more  or  less  precise. 
See  Tormina. 

Colic,  Crapulext,  Colica  crapulosa — c.  Devon- 
shire, Colic,  metallic — c.  Horn,  Priapismus  —  e. 
Lead,  Colic,  metallic  —  c.  Madrid,  Colica  MaJri- 
densis  —  c.  Menstrual,  Colica  menstrualis  —  c 
Metalliea,  Colica  metalliea  —  c.  Painters',  Colic, 
metallic  —  c.  Plumbers',  Colic,  metallic  —  c.  of 
Poitou,  Colic,  metallic  —  e.  of  Prostitutes,  Co- 
lica scortorum — c.  Saturnine,  Colic,  metallic  — 
c.  of  Surinam,  Colic,  metallic — c.  Uterine,  Colica 
uterina. — c.  Weed,  Dicentra  Canadensis — c.  Worm 
Colica  verminosa. 

COLICA  ACCIDENTALIS.  Colica  crapulosa 
— c.  Acuta,  Enteritis — c.  Arthritica,  Coeliagra. 

Co'lica  Bilio'sa,  Bil'ious  Colic,  (F.)  OoUqiitt 
Bilieuse.  Colic,  occasioned  by  an  accumnlatioc 
of  bile  in  the  intestines  or  in  its  own  passages. 


COLICA 


220 


COLLARD 


The  treatment  required  I'esembles  that  proper  for 
the  nest  variety. 

CoLicA  Callo'sa.  Colic  attended  with  sense 
of  stricture  in  some  parts  of  the  intestinal  canal ; 
often  of  flatulency  and  pain ;  the  flatulency  gra- 
dually passing  off  by  the  stricture ;  the  bowels 
tardy ;  and  at  length  discharging  small  liquid 
stools. 

CoLiCA  CoirvuLSi'vA,  C.  Spasmod'ica,  C.pitui- 
to'sa,  U.  nervo'sa,  G.  idiopath' tea,  Enteroapasm' us. 
Colic,  not  the  symptom  of  any  other  affection.  It 
is  characterized  by  griping  pain  in  the  bowels, 
chiefly  about  the  navel,  with  vomiting  and  cos- 
tiveness, — the  pain  increasing  at  intervals.  The 
indications  are  to  clear  the  intestines,  and  allay 
spasm.  Calomel  and  opium — castor  oil  and  opium 
— emollient  .and  cathartic  enemata,  with  fomen- 
tations, wet  or  dry,  to  the  abdomen,  usually  suc- 
ceed. 

CoLiCA  Crapulo'sa,  C.  accidenta'lis,  C.  hel- 
luo'num,  Crap'ulent  colic,  Surfeit,  Colic  from  over- 
eating, (F.)  Colique  d' Indigent  ion.  A  colic,  aris- 
ing from  eating  indigestible  aliments,  or  digestible 
aliments  in  too  great  abundance.  The  remedy  is 
obvious. 

ConcA  DAMNONiOEUJr,  Colic,  metallic — c.  Fe- 
bricosa,  Colica  inflammatoria — c.  Figulorum,  Co- 
lica  metallica. 

Colica  Flatulen'ta,  Infla'tio,  Gastrodyn'ia 
flatalen'ta,  Physospas' mus,  Pneumato'sis  enter'- 
ir.a,  (F.)  Colique  Jiatulente,  C.  flatueuse,  C.  ven- 
tevLse.  Colic,  arising  from  an  accumulation  of  air 
in  the  intestines.  It  is  very  common  in  infants, 
and  may  be  relieved  by  aromatics,  especially 
when  combined  with  antacids  —  for  example,  oil 
of  aniseed  with  magnesia. 

Colica  Helluonum,  Colica  erapulosa. 

Colica  Hemorrhoida'lis,  Hemorrhoid' al  Co- 
lic, (F.)  Colique  hemorrho'idale.  A  kind  of  colic, 
supposed  to  precede  hemorrhoids  or  to  supervene 
ou  their  suppression. 

Colica  Hepat'ica,  Hepatal'gia,  Hepatalgia 
Caleulo'sa,  Hepat'ic  colic,  (F.)  Colique  hepatique. 
Pain  in  the  region  of  the  liver,  chiefly  about  the 
gall-bladder,  occasioned  by  the  passing  of  a 
bUiary  calculus  through  the  cystic  and  choledoch 
ducts. 

Colica  Idiopathica,  Colica  convulsiva  —  c. 
Ileus,  Ileus. 

Colica  Inflaiimato'eia,  C.  Phlogia'tica,  C. 
plethor'ica,  C.  fehrico' sa,  0.  pulsat'ilis,  Inflam'- 
matory  colic.     The  same  as  enteritis. 

Colica  Lapponica,  see  Seta  equina — c.  Lochi- 
alis,  Dyslochia — c.  Madridensis,  Colic  of  Madrid 
— c.  Nervosa,  Colica  convulsiva.  Colic,  metallic — 
C  Phlogistica,  Colica  inflammatoria. 

Colica  Mabriden'sis,  Colic  of  Madrid,  Ma- 
drid Colic.  A  species  of  colic,  endemic  in  se- 
veral provinces  of  Spain,  whose  nature  is  not 
clear.  Its  symptoms  resemble  those  occasioned 
by  lead. 

Colica  Mexstrua'lis,  Men'atrual  Colic,  (F.) 
Colique  menstruelle.  Colic,  which  precedes  or 
accompanies  the  menstrual  evacuation,  or  which 
is  owing  to  the  suppression  of  that  evacuation. 

Colica  Metal'lica,  Metal'lic  Colic,  Painters' 
Colic,  Colica  Pic'tonum,  Colic  of  Poitou,  Colica 
Satuiid'na,  C.  Figulo'rum,  Colic  of  Surinam', 
Helton,  Dev'onshire  Colic,  Dry  Bellyache,  Satur- 
nine Colic,  Lead  Colic,  Plumbers'  Colic,  RachiaV- 
•jta  Pic'fonum,  R.  Pictavien'sium,  Morbus  Metal'- 
iicus,  Coiicople' gia,  Colica  liachial'gia,  Rachial'- 
</!a,  Colica  Damnonio' rum,  C.  Plumbario'rum, 
J'aral'ysis  rachialgia,  Colica  nervo'sa,  Colica 
Pic.to'rum,  Palmus  Plumba'rius,  (F.)  Dysentero- 
nervie  Saturnine,  Colique  de  Poitou,  Colique  ve- 
yetale  {?),  Colique  des  peintres,  Colique  de  plomb, 
C  miiallique,  0.  Saturnine,  C.  des  barbouilleurs. 


Under  this  head  is  generally  described  the  colie 
produced  by  lead,  as  well  as  the  other  colics  men- 
tioned in  the  synonymy  j  and  they  certainly  re- 
semble each  other  greatly,  although  some  of  them 
are  more  like  bilious  colic.  There  is  not  much 
to  distinguish  this  variety  of  colic  from  others. 
The  same  violent  pain  about  the  navel  is  present, 
with  retraction  of  the  abdomen  towards  the  spine. 
It  is  apt  also  to  occasion  palsy.  The  only  differ- 
ence of  treatment  is  in  the  necessity  for  employ- 
ing more  opium  along  with  the  purgative.  The 
paralytic  sequelae  must  be  treated  by  change  of 
air,  rubbing  the  spine,  exercise,  <fec.  Treating 
the  disease  upon  general  principles  is  infinitely 
more  philosophical,  and  more  successful  than  the 
empirical  management  at  La  Charite,  Paris, 
which  it  is  unnecessary  to  detail. 

Colica  Nephret'ica,  Nephret'ic  Colie,  (F.) 
Colique  Nephretique.  Acute  pains,  which  accom- 
pany nephritis,  and  especially  calculous  nephritis, 
or  the  passage  of  a  calculus  into  the  ureter. 

Colica  Pictonum,  Colic,  metallic  —  c.  Picto- 
rum.  Colic,  metallic — c.  Pituitosa,  Colica  convul- 
siva —  c.  Plethorica,  Colica  inflammatoria  —  c. 
Plumbariorum,  Colic,  metallic  —  c.  PulsatUis, 
Colic,  inflammatory  —  c.  Rachialgia,  Colic,  me- 
tallic— c.  Saturnina,  Colica  metallica. 

Colica  Scorto'rum,  Colic  of  Pros' titiites.  A 
form  of  colic,  said  by  Dr.  Martin  Hassing,  of  Co- 
penhagen, to  have  been  frequently  observed  by 
him  amongst  that  unfortunate  class  of  beings.  It 
may  well  be  doubted  whether  any  special  affec- 
tion of  the  kind  appertains  to  them. 

Colica  Spasmodica,  Colica  convulsiva.  Ileus. 

Colica  Sterco'rea,  Colica  Stipja'ta,  Stercora'- 
ceous  Colic,  (F.)  Colique  stercorale.  A  speciea 
of  colic,  ascribed  to  the  retention  of  fsecal  mat- 
ters in  the  intestines.  The  retention  is  itself, 
however,  an  efiect,  that  may  be  caused  in  the 
same  manner  as  the  colic  pains  themselves, 

Colica  Stipata,  Colica  stercorea. 

Colica  Uteri'na,  Hys'tero-col'ica,  Uterine 
Colic,  (F.)  Colique  xiterine.  Pain  seated  in  the 
uterus,  sometimes  called  HysteraV gia. 

Colica  Ventriculi,  Cardialgia. 

Colica  Verhino'sa,  Helminthocol'ica,  Worm 
Colic,  (F.)  Colique  vermineuse.  Abdominal  pain, 
occasioned  by  the  presence  of  worms  in  the  in- 
testines. 

COLICODYNIA,  Colica. 

COLICOPLEGIA,  Colic,  metallic. 

COLIMAgON,  Limax. 

COLIQUE,  Colic — c.  des  Barbouilleurs,  Colica 
metallica — c.  Hepatique,  Colica  hepatica — c.  d' In- 
digestion, Colica  erapulosa — e.  Metallique,  Colica 
metallica  —  c.  de  Miserere,  Heus  —  c.  de  Miseri- 
corde,  Heus  —  c.  des  Peintres,  Colica  metallica — 
c.  de  Plomb,  Colica  metallica — c.  de  Poitou,  Colica 
metallica — c.  Saturnine,  Colica  metallica — c.  Ven- 
teuse,  Colica  flatulenta  —  c.  Vegetale,  Colica  me- 

COLIQUES,  Pains,  (after.) 

COLI'TIS,  from  kwXov,  'the  colon,  and  iiis, 
denoting  inflammation  ;  Coloni'tis,  Enteri'tis  co'- 
liza,  (F.)  Inflammation  du  colon.  Inflammation 
of  the  peritoneal  or  mucous  membrane  of  tb« 
colon.  The  former  is  termed  Serocoli'tis,  and 
Exocoli'tis ;  the  \a.tteT,Endocolitis  smd  Dysentery, 

COLIX,  Trochiscus. 

COLLA  PISCIUM,  IchthyocoUa. 

COLLAPSE,  Collapsus. 

COLLAP'SUS,  Collapse,  Conciden'tia ;  from 
col,  or  cum,  'with,'  and  labor,  lapsus,  'to  fall.'  (F.) 
Affaissement.  A  complete  prostration  of  strength, 
either  at  the  commencement  or  in  the  progress 
of  a  disease. 

COLLAR-BONE,  Clavicle. 

COLLARD,    Dracontium   foetidum  —  c.   Cow, 


COLLARIUM 


221 


COLLUM 


Dracontium  foetidum  —  c.  Polecat,  Dracontium 
fcetidum. 

COLLARIUM  SALINUM,  Haloderfeum, 

COLLAT'ERAL,  Collatera'lis,  from  cum,  'with/ 
and  latus,  '  side.  That  which  accompanies  or  pro- 
ceeds by  the  side  of  another. 

Collat'eral  Ar'tebies  of  the  Arm,  Arte'rice 
Collatera'les  Bra'chii,  (F.)  Arteres  collatiralea  du 
bras.  They  are  given  off  by  the  brachial,  and  are 
&re  distinguished  into,  1.  The  collateral — superior 
BT  external  [Grandes  miisculaires  du  hraa — Ch.) 
which  arise  from  the  inner  part  of  the  brachial, 
and  extend  as  far  as  the  inferior  and  external 
part  of  the  arm.  2.  The  collateral — inferior  or 
internal  {Collateralea  du  Coude — Ch.)  which  arise 
from  the  brachial,  near  the  elbow-joint,  and  de- 
scend towards  the  upper  part  of  the  fore-arm. 

The  vessels  which  pass  to  the  fingers  and  toes 
are  also  called  collateral. 

Speaking  generally,  collateral  branches  are 
those  which  follow  nearly  the  same  course  as 
the  vessel  whence  they  emanate. 

COLLATERALIS,  Ischio-cavernosus. 

COLLE-CHAIR,  Sarcocolla. 

COLLE  BE  POISSON,  Ichthyocolla. 

COLLECTION,  CoUec'tio,  from  colligere,  'to 
gather.'  This  word  is  often  united  to  the  epithet 
purident,  serous,  &c.,  to  express  a  gathering  of 
pus,  serum,  <fcc. 

COLLESIS,  Agglutination. 

COLLETICUS,  Agglutinant. 

COLLEY'S  DEPILATORY,  see  Depilatory. 

COLLIC'I^.  'Drains  to  collect  and  convey 
away  water.'  See  GOUTTIERE.  Union  of  the 
ducts  passing  from  the  puncta  lachrymalia,  Col- 
lic"icB  puncto'rxim  lacryma'lium. 

COLLICULI  NERVI  ETHMOIDALIS,  Cor- 
pora striata — c.  Nervorum  opticorum,  Thalami 
nervorum  opticorum — c.  Vagina,  Nymphse. 

COLLICULUS  CAVE^  POSTERIORIS 
VENTRICULORUM  LATERALIUM,  Hippo- 
campus minor. 

COLLIER  (F.),  A  collar.  A  name  given  to 
certain  eruptions  which  surround  the  neck  like  a 

COLLIGAMEN,  Ligament. 

COLLIGATIO,  Syndesmosis. 

COLLINSO'NIA,  0.  Canaden'sis,  C.decv^sa'ta, 
Horseioeed,  Horsebalm,  Richiceed,  Riehleaf,  Heal- 
afl,  Stoneroot,  Knotroot,  Knotweed.  This  indi- 
genous plant  is  possessed  of  diuretic  properties, 
which  seem  to  reside  in  a  volatile  oil.  Infusion 
is  the  best  form  of  administration.  The  leaves 
in  domestic  practice  are  applied  to  wounds  and 
bruises. 

CoLLiNsojJiA  Decussata,  C.  Canadensis. 

COLLIQUAMEN'TUM,  from  colliqueo,  {con 
and  liquere,)  'I  melt.'  The  first  rudiments  of  an 
embryo. — Harvey. 

COLLIQUA'TION,  GolUqua'tio,  EUqna'tio, 
Syntex'is,  Ectex'is,  Solu'tion,  Dtssolu'tion.  The 
ancients  meant,  by  this  term,  the  progressive 
diminution  of  the  solid  parts,  with  copious  excre- 
tion of  liquids  by  one  or  more  passages.  They 
thought,  that  all  the  solids  melted;  and  that  the 
liquids,  and  particularly  the  blood,  lost  a  portion 
of  their  density. 

COLLIQ'UATIVE,  Colliquati'vus,  Colliques'- 
ceh.s,  from  colli quescere,  'to  grow  liquid.'  (F.) 
Colliquatif.  An  epithet  given  to  various  dis- 
charges, which  produce  rapid  exhaustion.  Hence 
we  say.  Colliquative  sweats.  Colliquative  diar- 
rhoea, &c. 

COLLIQUESCENS,  Colliquative. 

COLLISIO,  Contusion. 

COLLIX,  Trochiscus. 

COLLODES,  Glutinous. 

COLLO'DION,  Collo'dium,  Ethe'real  Solu'iion 


of  Gun-cotton,  3Tagnard's  Adhesive  Liqnid;  from 
Ko\\a,  '  glue."  A  solution  obtained  by  dissolving 
gun-cotton,  (F.)  Fulmicoton,  in  a  mixture  of  rec- 
tified ether  and  alcohol,  in  the  proportion  of  about 
16  parts  of  the  former  to  1  of  the  latter.  When 
applied  to  a  part,  the  ether  evaporates,  and  the 
solid  adhesive  material  is  left,  which  contracts. 
Hence  it  is  used  in  eases  of  wounds,  to  keep  their 
edges  together.  It  forms,  also,  a  coating,  and 
has  been  applied  in  abrasions,  and  in  cases  of 
burns.  In  various  chronic  cutaneous  diseases,  it 
has  been  applied  with  advantage ;  and  has  been 
employed  to  give  a  coating  to  pills,  which  it  de- 
prives of  their  taste,  without  interfering  with 
their  action. 

Collodion  is  in  the  last  edition  of  the  Ph.  U.  S. 
(1851.) 

CoLLOBION,  Canthar'idal,  Collo'dium  vesi'cans 
seu  cantharida'le.  Prepared  by  exhausting,  by 
displacement,  a  pound  of  coarsely  powdered  can- 
tharides  with  a  pound  of  sxdphuric  ether,  and 
three  ounces  of  acetic  ether.  In  two  ounces  of 
this  saturated  solution  of  cantharides,  twenty -five 
grains  of  gim-cotton  are  dissolved.  By  painting 
the  surface  with  a  little  of  this  solution,  vesica- 
tion is  produced,  as  with  the  plaster  of  can- 
tharides. 

COLLODIUM,  Collodion— c.  Cantharidale,  Col- 
lodion,  cantharidal — c.  Vesicans,  Collodion,  can- 
tharidal. 

COLLOID,  ColloVdes,  from  KoWa,  'glue,'  and 
tihos,  'resemblance;'  Cancer  alveola' ris,  Carci- 
no'ma  alveola're,  (F.)  Cancer  alveolatre,  c.  Gela- 
tiniforme.  Gelatinous  cancer.  An  epithet  applied 
to  a  product  of  morbid  secretion,  resembling 
glue,  or  particles  of  jelly  inlaid  in  a  regular 
alveolar  bed.  The  three  species  of  cancer  or 
carcinoma  are, — Encephaloid,  Scirrhus,  and  Col- 
loid.    See  Cancer. 

COLLO'MA,  from  KoWa,  'glue.'  A  name  pro- 
posed by  Dr.  Walshe  for  the  gelatinifonn  matter, 
which  is  of  common  occurrence  in  cysts.  It  is 
transparent,  amorphous,  and  devoid  of  vessels 
and  nerves. 

COLLONO'MA,  from  koXH  'glue.'  A  ^eetf- 
liar  gelatinous  tumour,  consisting  of  a  remarkably 
soft  gelatiniform  tissue,  which  trembles  on  being 
touched. — J.  Miiller. 

COLLOSTRUM,  Colostrum. 
COLLOURION,  Collyrium. 
COLLUM,    Cervix,    Trache'los,    Auclen,    (F.) 
Col,  Cou.     The  part  of  the  body  situate  between 
the  head  and  chest.     Also,  a  part  of  an  organ 
resembling  the  neck,  as  in  the  following  cases. 

CoLLUM  Astrag'ali,  Cervix.  Astrag'ali,  Nech 
of  the  Astragalus,  (F.)  Col  de  I'astragale.  A  de- 
pression, which  separates  the  anterior  extremity 
of  the  astragalus  from  its  body. 

CoLLUM  Costa'rum,  Ccrvix  Cosfa'ricm,  Nech 
of  the  Ribs,  (F.)  Col  des  CStes.  The  narrow  part 
of  the  ribs,  between  the  head  and  tubercle. 

CoLLtTM  Den'tium,  Cervix  Dentium,  Neck  of 
the  Teeth,  (F.)  Col  on  Collet  des  Dents.  The  part 
of  the  teeth  between  the  corona  and  fang,  which 
is  embraced  by  the  gum. 

CoLLrM  Fem'oris,  Cervix  Fern' oris,  Nech  of  the 
Thigh-bone,  (F.)  Col  du  Femur.  The  long  nar- 
row, and  oblique  portion  of  the  os  femoris,  which 
separates  the  head  from  the  two  trochanters. 

CoLLUir  Fib'ul^,  Cervix  Fib'vlcB,  Neck  of  the 
Fibula,  (F.)  Col  dti  Perone.  A  slight  narrowness 
seated  below  the  head  or  upper  extremity  of  the 
fibula. 

CoLLtiH  Hu'meri,  Cervix  Hu'meri,  Nech  of  the 
Hu'meruB.  A  circular,  depressed  portion,  whiel; 
separates  the  head  of  the  os  humeri  from  its  two 
tuberosities.     Some  surgeons  place  the  neck  b« 


COLLURIUM 


222 


COLOURS 


low  the  tuberosities,  no  precise  line  of  demarca- 
tion indicating  its  extent. 

CoLLUM  Maxdib'uLvE  vel  Maxil'l^  Inferio'- 
EIS,  Cervix  JIandib'uIa  6611  Jfa.cillcB  Inferio'ris, 
Neck  of  the  lower  jaw,  (F.)  Col  de  I'os  maxiUaire 
in/erieure.  A  depression  observable  on  each  side 
of  the  lower  jaw,  immediately  below  the  con- 
dj'tes. 

CoLLUJf  Obstipuji,  Torticollis. 

CijLLUM  Ossis  Magni  vel  Capita'ti,  Cervix  os- 
ein  magni  vel  Cajnta'ti,  Neck  of  the  Os  dfaf/num, 
(F.)  Col  du  (jmnd  Os.  A  circular  depression  be- 
neath the  head  of  this  bone  of  the  carpus. 

CoLLOt  Ra'dii,  Cervix  Radii,  Neck  of  the 
Eadius,  (F.)  Col  du  Radius.  A  narrow  portion 
of  the  radius,  wuioii  supports  the  head  of  the 
bone. 

CoLLUir  Scap'uLjF,  Cervix  Scap'ulcB,  Neck  of 
the  S'cap'nla,  (F.)  Col  de  I'Omoplate.  A  narrow 
portion,  observable  below  the  glenoid  cavity  of 
the  scapula,  which  seems  to  separate  it,  as  it 
were,  from  the  rest  of  the  bone. 

CoLLUJi  U'teri,  Cervix  U'teri,  Jug'idum  Uteri, 
Neck  of  the  Uterus,  (F.)  Ool  de  la  Matrice,  Col 
uterin.  A  narrow,  cylindrical,  and  flattened  por- 
tion of  the  uterus,  whioh  terminates  it  inferiorly, 
and  opens  into  the  vagina  by  the  Os  Uteri  or  Oe 
2'iuecs.  This  neck  is  perceptible  on  examination 
fer  vayinam,  until  near  the  end  of  utero-gesta- 
tion.  As  the  uterus  enlarges,  however,  it  be- 
comes shorter  and  wider,  so  that  a  manifest  difi"e- 
rence  exists  between  its  condition  at  seven  and 
nine  months. 

CoLLUM  Vesi'^^,  Cervix  Vesi'cm,  Neck  of  the 
Bladder,  (F.)  Col  de  la  Vessie.  The  anterior 
part  of  the  base  of  the  bladder,  which  resembles 
the  neck  of  a  bottle,  and  is  continuous  with  the 
aretbra. 

COLLURIUM,  Collyrium. 

COLLUTIO,  Gargarism. 

COLLUTO'RIUM,  from  colluere,  'to  wash  out' 
A  mouth-wash. 

CoLLDTORiuM  j4.osTRiNGENS,  Mel  boracis. 

COLLU' VIES,  from  colluo,  '  I  cleanse.'  Filth, 
excrement.     Disc'iarge  from  an  old  ulcer. 

CoLLUVlES  GA:irRicA,  Emharras  qastrique. 

COLLYR'IUM,  Collu'rium,  Collu'rion,  from 
«wXt)(i),  'I  check,'  and  pcu,  '1  flow,'  or  from  xoWa, 
'glue,'  and  ovpa,  'tail;'  (F.)  CoUyre.  The  an- 
cients designated,  by  this  term,  a  sO*id  medicine, 
of  a  long,  ej'lindrical  shape;  proper  to  be  intro- 
duced into  the  vagina,  anus,  or  nostrils.  They 
are  said  to  hdve  given  it  this  name  because  it  was 
shaped  like  a  Rat's  Tail,  and  because  there  en- 
tered into  its  composition  powders  and  glutinous 
matter'j.  —  Celsus,  Oribasius,  Scribonius  Largus. 
At  the  present  day,  Collyrium  means  an  applica- 
tion to  the  e3'e.  Some  are  pxdverident  and  dry, 
0 phthalmempas'ma,  Collyr'ium  siccum,  but  the 
greatest  part  are  liquid,  IIy(jrocolhjr'ia ;  and 
receive  different  epithets,  as  ustri-ngent,  emollievt, 
Ac.  The  term  is  now  little  more  than  synony- 
mous with  Eyc-wnter.  CoUyria  are  generally 
extemporaneous  f(jrmulse. 

Collyrium  Siccdm,  see  Collyrium — c.  Siccum 
Alexandrinum,  see  Alexandrine. 

COLOBO'MA,  KoXo^wfta,  '  any  thing  truncated 
•.•r  shortened.'     A  rantilatod  or  maimed  organ. 

Colobo'ma  Iridls,  Irido-colohoma.  A  conge- 
nital peculiarity  of  the  iris,  consisting  in  a  fissure 
of  its  lower  portion,  and  a  consequent  prolonga- 
tion of  the  iris  to  the  margin  of  the  cornea. 

COLOBO'SIS,  KoUPuxjis.  The  act  of  curtailing 
or  mutilating' :  mutilation. 

COLOCIIOLO'SIS,  from  kwUv,  'the  colon,' 
and  X"^'^'  'bile.'  Bilious  dysentery,  Dysenter'ia 
bilio'sa. 

COLOCTxVTH,  Cucumis  colocynthis. 


COLOMBINE,  COMMON,  Aquilegia  yulgarw. 
COLOMBA,  Calumba. 

COLON,  C.  CcECum,  Monen'terum,  Colum,  Integ- 
ti'man  majus,  I.  cellula'tum,  I.  crassum  et  2^lennni, 
I.  grande,  I.  laxum.  That  portion  of  the  large 
intestines  which  extends  from  the  cascum  to  the 
rectum.  It  is  said  to  have  been  so  called  from 
KuiXov,  'hollow,'  or  from  kujXvui,  'I  arrest,'  be- 
cause the  excrements  are  arrested,  for  a  conside- 
rable time,  in  its  sacs,  —  ceVlulm.  The  colon  is 
usually  divided  into  four  portions.  1.  The  right 
lumbar  or  ascending.  Colon  dextrnm,  situate  in 
the  right  lumbar  region,  and  commencing  at  thi 
caecum.  2.  Transverse  colon,  Colon  transver'sum^ 
transverse  arch  of  the  colon,  the  portion  of  the 
colon  which  crosses  from  the  right  to  the  left  side, 
at  the  upper  part  of  the  abdomen.  3.  The  left 
lumbar  or  descending  colon.  Colon  sinis'trum,  ex- 
tending from  the  left  part  of  the  transverse  arch, 
opposite  the  outer  portion  of  the  left  kidney,  to 
the  corresponding  iliac  fossa.  4.  The  Riac  colon 
or  Sigmoid  flexure  of  the  colon,  (F.)  Colon  iliaque 
on  S.  die  colon,  the  portion  of  the  intestine  which 
makes  a  double  curvature  in  the  left  iliac  fossa, 
and  ends  in  the  rectum. 

The  muscular  fibres,  as  in  the  csecum,  are  in 
three  flat  stripes,  TcB'nice  seu  Fas'eicB  Ligani'u- 
to'sa. 

Colon,  Membrum  —  c.  Inflammation  of  the, 
Colitis. 

CoLoy,  Torpor  of  the.  A  disease  in  which 
the  muscular  coat  of  the  colon  acts  with  deficient 
energy ;  giving  occasion  to  distention  of  the  in- 
testine, which,  by  pressing  upon  the  other  organs, 
may  interfere  so  much  with  their  functions,  as  to 
lead  to  distressing  gastric,  cardiac  and  other  dis- 
orders. 

COLONITIS,  Colitis,  Dysentery. 
COLONNE,  Columna  —  c.  Veriehrale,  Verte- 
bral column. 

COLONNES  CHARNUES,  Carnese  columnse 
— c.  Charnues  du  Coenr,  Columnse  carnese. 
COLOPHANE,  Colophonia. 
COLOPHAXY,  Colophonia. 
COLOPIIO'iNlA,  so  called  from  Colophon,  a 
city  of  Ionia;  Pkrycte,  Fricta,  Pix  Graca,  Re- 
si'na  vif/ra,  Colophany,  Colophony,  Black  Rosin, 
Pitch,   Brown  Rosin,  (F.)  Colopihone,  Colo2}hane, 
Arcanson,  Brai  sec.     The  black  resin,  which  re- 
mains  in    the   retort,    after  the    distillation,  by 
means  of  a  strong  fire,  of  common  turpentine. 
It  is  used  like  the  turpentines  in  general,  and  in 
some  pharmaceutical  preparations. 
COLOPHONY,  Colophonia. 
COLOQUINTE,  Cueumus  colocynthis. 
COLOQUINTIDA,  Cueumus  colocynthis. 
COLOR  VIRGINEUS  PALLIDUS,  Chlorosis 
— c.  Virginum  foedus.  Chlorosis. 
COLORECTITIS,  Dysentery, 
COLOSTRA,  Colostrum. 
COLOSTRATIO,  Colostration. 
COLOSTRA'TION,    Colostra'tio.     Disease    in 
new-born  children,  attributable  to  the  colostrum. 
COLOS'TRUM,    Colos'tra,    CoUostrwn,    Coins', 
trvm,  Troph'alis,    Protog'ala,   Neog'ula,  Prinivni, 
Pucr'per(B  lac,  Pytia,  Pyetia,  (Bicstings  OT  Beast- 
ings  in  the  cow,  &c.,)  from  ko\ov,  'food,'  (?)  (F. ) 
Beton.     The  first  milk  after  accouchement.     It 
contains  more  serum  and  butter,  and  less  casein 
than  common  milk,  and  seems  to  possess  an  eva- 
cuant  property,  which  renders  it  fit  to  aid  in  the 
expulsion  of  the  meconium.      Colostrum  formerly 
meant  an  emulsion  prepared  of  turpentine  and 
yolk  of  egg. 

COLOUR-BLINDNESS,  Achromatopsia. 
COLOURS,  ACCIDENT'AL,Oy/)os!<e  colours, 
Complemen'tary  and  Harmon'ic  colours.     If  the 
eye  has  been  for  some  time  regarding  a  particu- 


COLPALGIA 


223 


COLUTEA 


lar  colour,  the  retina  becomes  insensible  to  this 
colour ;  and  if,  afterwards,  it  be  turned  to  a  sheet 
of  white  paper,  the  paper  will  not  seem  to  be 
white,  but  will  be  of  the  colour  that  arises  from 
the  union  of  all  the  rays  of  the  solar  spectrum, 
except  the  one  to  which  the  retina  has  become 
insensible.  Thus,  if  the  eye  be  directed  for  some 
time  to  a  red  wafer,  the  sheet  of  paper  will  seem 
to  be  of  a  hlalsk-green,  in  a  circular  spot  of  the 
same  dimensions  as  the  wafer.  This  bluish-green 
image  is  called  an  oe'ular  spectrum,  because  it  is 
impressed  upon  the  eye  and  may  be  retained  for 
a  short  time;  and  the  colour  hluish-green,  is  said 
to  be  the  accidental  colour  of  the  red.  If  this 
experiment  be  made  with  wafers  of  different  co- 
lours, oiher  accidental  colours  will  be  observed, 
varying  with  the  colour  of  the  wafer  employed, 
as  in  the  following  table :  — 

Colour  of  the  AccideDtal  colour,  or  colour  of  the 

Water,  ocular  spectrum. 

Bed Bluish  green 

Orange Blue. 

Yellow Indigo. 

Green Violet  with  a  little  red. 

£lue Orange  red. 

Indigo Orange  yellow. 

Violet Yellow-green. 

Black White. 

White Black. 

If  all  the  colours  of  the  spectrum  be  ranged  in 
a  circle,  in  the  proportions  they  hold  in  the  spec- 
trum itself,  the  accidental  colour  of  any  particu- 
lar colour  will  be  found  directly  opposite.  Hence, 
the  two  colours  have  been  termed  opposite  colours. 
It  will  follow  from  what  has  been  said,  that  if  the 
primary  colour,  or  that  to  which  the  eye  has  been 
first  directed,  be  added  to  the  accidental  colour, 
the  result  must  be  the  same  impression  as  that 
produced  by  the  union  of  all  the  rays  of  the  spec- 
trum —  lohite  light.  The  accidental  colour,  in 
otli-iT  words,  is  what  the  primitive  colour  requires 
to  liiake  it  white  light.  The  primitive  and  acci- 
dental colours  are,  therefore,  co;H^:)fcme»;s  of  each 
other;  and  hence  accidental  colours  have  also 
been  called  complementary  colours.  They  have 
likewise  been  termed  harmonic,  because  the  pri- 
mitive and  its  accidental  colour  harmonize  with 
each  other  in  painting. 

COLPAL'GIA,  from  Ko\-ag,  '  vagina,'  and 
aXyoi,  'pain.'     Pain  in  the  vagina. 

COLPATRE'SIA,  Ebjtratre' sia,  from  KoXroy, 
'  vagina,'  and  arp-qTo;,  '  without  opening.'  Im- 
perforation  of  the  vagina. 

COLPEMPHPtAX'IS,  from  koXtto?,  'vagina,' 
and  €^(ppa(,i?,  '  obstruction.'  Obstruction  of  the 
vagina  by  foreign  bodies. 

COLPEURYNTER,  Speculum  vagince. 

COLPITIS,  Colposis. 

COLPOC'ACE,  ^doeoti'tis  gangrtsno'sa,  Gan- 
grcs'na  genita'lium  et  vagi'nm.  Putrescency  or 
gangrene  of  the  vagina  and  labia. 

CoLPOPACE  Infanti'lis,  ^doeoti'tis  gangras- 
no'sa  puella' rum,  Noma  pudendn'rum.  Gangrene 
or  putrescency  of  the  vagina  and  genitals  in  young 
children. 

COLPOCACE  PuERPEnA'RTJSr,  ^doBoti'tis  Gail- 
grcBiio'sa  p>'^^rpera'rum,  Tocodomycodori'tis  ma- 
lig'na  vagina'lis  (Ritgen).  Sloughing  of  the 
vagina  and  genitals  in  puerperal  women. 

COLPOCELE,  Elytrocele. 

COLPOCYSTOTOM'IA,  from  /coX-oj,  'vagina,' 
Kvan;,  'bladder,'  and  ro//??,  'incision.'  Sectio  va- 
gi'no-vesica' lis.     Lithotomy  through  the  vagina. 

COLPODESMORRAPH'IA,  from  ko\-os,  'va- 
gina,' 6€(Tfios,  'ligament,'  and  par/,??,  'suture.'  The 
removal  of  a  part  of  the  mucous  membrane  of  the 


vagina  for  the  radical  cure  of  prolapsus  vaginae 
et  uteri. 

COLPCEDEMA,  Elytroedema. 

COLPOPTOSIS,  Prolapsus  vaginse. 

COLPORRHA'GIA,  Etytrorrha'gia,  from  -coX- 
TTos,  'vagina,'  and  pr^yvvfn,  'I  break  forth.'  Dis- 
charge of  blood  from  the  vagina. 

COLPORRHAPHY,  Elytrorrhaphy. 

COLPORRHEX'IS,  Rnptu'ra  vagi'nm;  from 
KoX-iToq,  'vagina/  and  p;/fif,  'rupture.'  Rupture 
of  the  vagina.     Also,  colporrhagia. 

COLPORRHCEA,  Leucorrhoea. 

COLPOS,  Sinus,  Vagina. 

COLPO'SIS.  Inflammation  of  the  vagina. 
Synonymous  with  Elytroi'tis,  Elytri'tis,  ColeVtis, 
Golpi'tis.     See  Leucorrhoea. 

COLPOSTEGNO 'SIS,  Coleostegno'sis,  from 
koXttoj,  'vagina,'  and  areyioiij,  'I  close.'  Atresia, 
or  obliteration  of  the  vagina. 

COLPOSTENOCHORIA,  Coleostegnosis. 

COLPOSYNIZESIS,  Coleostegnosis. 

COLPOT'OMY,  Coljwtom'ia,  from  /coXttjj,  'va- 
gina,' and  TOjiri,  'incision.'  An  incision  of  the 
vagina  in  parturition. 

COLT'S  FOOT,  Asarum  Canadense,  TussUago. 

COL'UBER  BERUS.  The  systematic  na-me 
of  the  viper,  Vi'pera,  {¥.)  Couleurre,  Vipere.  A 
poisonous  reptile — the  poison  lying  in  small  sacs 
near  its  teeth.  The  flesh  is  innocent,  and  has 
been  often  taken  in  scrofula,  and  in  cutaneous 
disorders  in  general,  but  it  is  inefficacious. 

COLUBRINA,  Polygonum  bistorta — c.  Dra- 
contia,  Arum  dracunculus  —  c.  Lusitanica,  Eu- 
phorbia capitata — c.  Virginiana,  Aristolochia  ser- 
pentaria. 

COLUM.  Colon. 

COLUMBINE,  Aquilegia  vulgaris  —  c.  Wild, 
Aquilegia  Canadensis. 

COLUMBO,  Calumba — c.  American,  see  Ca- 
lumba— c.  Marietta,  see  Calumba. 

COLUMELLA,  Pillar,  Uvula. 

COLUM'NA,  Column,  (F.)  Colonne.  Anato- 
mists use  this  word  for  parts  which  resemble  a 
column  or  pillar;  hence  for  the  penis. 

CoLUjfNA  Adstans  Ixguinibus,  Penis  —  c. 
Dorsi,  Vertebral  column. 

Coldm'na  Nasi.  The  cartilaginous  part  of  the 
septum  of  the  nostrils.     See  Nares. 

CoLUMNA  Oris,  Uvula— -c.  Spinalis,  Vertebral 
column — c.  Virginitatis,  Hymen  —  c.  Foraminis 
ovalis,  see  Ovalis  fossa  —  c.  Valvula;  Vieussenii, 
see  Valvula  Vieussenii — c.  Vertebralis,  Vertebral 
column. 

COLUM'NA  CAR'NE^,  Golum'ncR  Gordis, 
Lacer'ti  vel  Lacer'tuli  vel  Funes  vel  Eascic'uli 
ter'etes  Cordis,  Trahes  seu  Trabec'ulcs  Cordis, 
(F.)  Colonnes  charnues  du  eceur.  Small,  fleshy 
columns,  which  project,  more  or  less,  into  the 
auricles  and  ventricles  of  the  heart,  whose  use 
appears  to  be  to  prevent  too  great  dilatation  of 
those  cavities.  A  few  of  these  columna  —  see 
iluscidi  papilla' res — are  attached  by  one  extre- 
mity to  the  walls  of  the  heart,  and,  by  the  other, 
give  insertion  to  chordje  tendinea^. 

CoLUMNvE  CARNEyE  of  the  Rectum,  see  Rectum 
— e.  Papillares,  see  Columnaj  Carneas. 

COLUMNEA  LONGIFOLIA,  Bahel. 

COLUMNS,  MEDIAN,  POSTERIOR  OF 
THE  MEDULLA  OBLONGATA,  Funiculi  gr.o- 
ciles — c.  of  Morgagni  or  of  the  Rectum,  see  Rec- 
tum—  c.  of  the  Spinal  Marrow,  see  Verteln:*] 
Nerves. 

COLUS  JOVIS,  Salvia  sclarea. 

COLUSTRUM,  Colostrum. 

OOLU'TEA,  G.  Arhores'cens,  G.  hirsu'fa,  Sevria 
German'ica,  Bladder  Senna,  (F.)  Baguenaudier, 
Faux  Sene.  Earn.  Leguminosse.  ;S'e;a-.  SyM.  Di- 
adelphia   Decandria.      The   leaves   are   slighily 


COLUVRINE  BE  YIBGINIE 


224 


COMMOTIO 


purgative,  and  are  often  mixed  ■with  those  of  the 
cassia  senna. 

COLUVRINE  BE  YIRGINIE,  ^ristolochia 

eerpentaria. 

COLYM'BADES,  Pickled  Olives.  These, 
when  bruised  and  applied  to  a  burnt  part,  were 
supposed  to  be  able  to  prevent  vesication. — Dios- 

corides. 

COLYMBIFERA  MINOR,  Mentha  crispa. 

COMA,  Seniisom'nis,  Stmiaopi' tus,  Semiaopo'- 
rus,  Siibeth,  (Arab.)  A  profound  state  of  sleep, 
from  which  it  is  extremely  difficult  to  rouse  the 
individual.  It  is  a  symptom  which  occurs  in 
many  diseases.  Two  varieties  are  distinguished, 
1.  Coma  vigil,  Coma  agrypno'des,  Perrigil'ium, 
Yigil'i<B  nim'icB,  Tijpho'nia,  Veter'nus,  Veternoa' - 
itas,  Agrypnoco' ma,  Cams  lethar'gus  vigil.  Ty- 
phoma'nia,  which  is  accompanied  with  delirium. 
The  patient  has  his  eyes  closed,  but  opens  them 
when  called;  and  closes  them  again  immediately. 
This  state  is  accompanied  with  considerable  rest- 
lessness. 2.  Coma  Somnolen' turn,  C.  Comato'des  ; 
—  in  which  the  patient  speaks  when  roused,  but 
remains  silent  and  immovable  in  the  intervals. 
Coma  is  a  deeper  sleep  than  sopor,  but  less  so 
than  lethargy  and  earns. 

CoiiA,  Capillus  —  c.  Agrypnodes,  see  Coma  — 
0.  Apoplexia,  Apoplexy — c.  Csesarea,  Plica — c. 
Comatodes,  see  Coma — e.  Somnolentum,  Somno- 
lency, see  Coma — c.  Vigil,  see  Coma. 

COMA  CON,  Myristica  moschata. 

COMAN'DRA  UMBELLA'TA,  Bastard  Toad- 
flax ;  indigenous  ;  Order,  Santalaceas  :  flowering 
in  May  and  June ;  has  been  used  in  fevers  by 
some  of  the  Indian  tribes. 

COMAROS,  Arbutus  uned_o. 

COMA'RUM  PALUS'TRE,  Potentil'la  palv.s'- 
tris.  Marsh  Cinqnefoil.  An  indigenous  plant. 
Family,  Rosacea,  which  flowers  in  June.  It  is 
possessed  of  astringent  virtues. 

CO'MATA,  from  KWfia.  Diseases  characterized 
by  diminution  of  the  powers  of  voluntary  motion, 
with  sleep  or  impaired  state  of  the  senses.  — 
Cullen. 

COJIATEUX,  Comatose. 

COMATODES,  Comatose. 

COM'ATOSE,  Comato'des,  Carot'icus,  Caro'des, 
(F.)  Coviateux.  Relating  to  or  resembling  coma: 
— as  comatose  sleep,  comatose  fever,  ifcc. 

COMBUSTIBILITY,  PRETERNATURAL, 
Combustion,  human. 

COMBUSTIO,  Burn  — c.  Spontanea,  Combus- 
tion, human. 

COMBUS'TION,  HUMAN,  Sponta' neous  Com- 
hus'tion  or  Preternat'ural  Combustihil'ity,  Cata- 
cati'sis,  Tachencau'sis,  Incen'dium  sponta'neum, 
Comhus'tio  sponta'nea,  Autempresm'us,  Catacau' sis 
ehrio'sa,  (F.)  Combustion  humaine,  C.  spontanee. 
These  terms  have  been  applied  to  the  extraordi- 
nary phenomenon  of  a  rapid  destruction  of  the 
human  body,  by  being  reduced  to  ashes  either 
spontaneously  or  by  the  contact  of  an  ignited 
substance.  It  is  said  to  have  occurred  in  the 
a;jed,  and  in  those  that  were  fat  and  hard 
drinkers.  In  such.  Dr.  Traill  has  found  a  con- 
fiiderable  quantity  of  oil  in  the  serum  of  the  blood. 
Vicq  d'Azyr,  Lair,  and  Dupuytren  think  it  neces- 
sary, that  the  body  should  be  placed  in  contact 
with  an  ignited  substance.  Le  Cat,  Biopp,  and 
Marc  are  of  opinion  that  this  is  not  necessary. 
The  farmer  appears  to  be  the  more  probable  view. 

COMBUSTURA,  Bum. 

COMEDONES,  see  Acne. 

COMES  ARCHIATRORUM,  see  Exarchiat^r. 

COMESTIBLE,  (F.)  Edu'Us,  from  comedere, 
'  to  eat.'  Eatable,  (F.)  Edule.  Esculent,  AVhen 
thir  word  is  used  substantively,  in  French  as  in 
Ebglish,  it  means  soliu  food. 


COMEZ.     Half  a  drop.— Ruland. 

COMFREY,  Symphytum— c.  Spotted,  Pulmo  • 
naria. 

COMISTE,  Aliment. 

COMMANDUCATIO,  Mastication. 

COMMEM'ORATIVB,  Commemorati'vtts,  from 
comrnemorare,  [con  and  memor,)  'to  cause  to  re- 
member.' That  which  recalls,  or  rather  which 
is  recalled. 

CoMMEiiORATiTE  SiGiTS,  (F.)  Signes  commemo- 
ratifs,  are  those,  deduced  from  circumstances 
which  have  gone  before;  or  rather,  according  to 
others,  those  which  point  out  the  preceding  con- 
dition of  the  patient.  They  are  also  called  An- 
amnes'tic  signs. 

COMMENSUM,  Symmetry. 

COMMERCIUM,  Sympathy. 

COMMI,  Gummi. 

COM'MINUTED,  Comminu'tus,  from  commi- 
nuere,  (con  and  minuo,)  'to  break  to  pieces.' 
(F.)  Comminutif.  A  comminuted  fracture  is  one 
in  which  the  bone  is  broken  into  a  number  of 
pieces. 

COMMINU'TION,  Comminu'tio,  Thrypsis, 
Leio'ais.  Same  etymon.  Fracture  of  a  bone 
into  a  number  of  pieces. 

COMMISSURA,  Articulation. 

CoMMissuRA  Anterior  Cerebri,  Commissure, 
anterior,  of  the  Brain. 

Commissu'ra  Brevis.  A  lobule  or  prominence 
of  the  inferior  vermiform  process  of  the  cerebel- 
lum, situate  in  the  incisura  posterior,  below  the 
horizontal  fissure. 

CoMMissuRA  LABiORiur,  Prostomia — c.  Magna 
cerebri.  Corpus  callosum — c.  Nervea,  Syndesmo- 
sis— c.  Ossium  carnea,  Syssarcosis. 

CoiiMissuRA  Posterior  Cerebri,  Commissure, 
posterior,  of  the  Brain. 

CoJiMissuRA  Simplex.  A  small  lobule  or  pro- 
minence of  the  superior  vermiform  process,  near 
the  incisura  posterior  of  the  cerebellum. 

COMMISSU'RAL;  same  etymon  as  commis- 
sure.    Of  or  belonging  to  a  commissure. 

COM'MISSURE,  Commissu'ra,  Compa'ges, 
Compagina'tio,  Sytn'physis,  Sym'bole;  from  com- 
mitto,  {con  and  mitto,)  '  I  join  together.'  A  point 
of  union  between  two  parts :  thus,  the  commis- 
sures of  the  eyelids,  lips,  &c.,  are  the  angles, 
which  they  form  at  the  place  of  union.  See 
Fibres,  converging. 

Coii'MissuRE,  Axte'rior,  OP  THE  Braut,  Com- 
missu'ra ante'rior  cer'ebri,  (F.)  Commissure  ante- 
rieure  du  cerveau.  A  small  medullary  fasciculus, 
situate  transversely  at  the  anterior  part  of  the 
third  ventricle,  and  uniting  the  two  hemispheres. 

Commissure,  Great,  of  the  Brain,  Commis- 
su'ra Magna  Cer'ebri,  (F.)  Grande  commissure  du 
cerveau,  which  unites  the  two  hemispheres  for 
some  extent,  is  the  Corpus  callo'sum. 

CoMMissiTRE,  Middle,  of  the  Brain.  A  layer 
of  gray  substance  uniting  the  thalami  optici. 

Commissure,  Oblique  or  Inteecerebral,  see 
Valvula  Vieussenii  —  c.  Optic,  see  Chiasmus. 

Commissure,  Posterior,  of  the  Brain,  Com- 
missu'ra poste'rior  cer'ebri.  A  medullary  band, 
situate  at  the  posterior  part  of  the  thu-d  or  middle 
ventricle. 

Commissure  of  the  Uvea,  Ciliary  ligament. 

COMMISSURE  BE  LA  CHOROIBE,  Cili- 
ary ligament. 

COMMO'SIS,  from  ko/^/joo),  'I  adorn.'  The 
art  of  concealing  natural  deformities,  as  by  paint- 
ing the  face.     S£e,  also,  Propolis. 

COMMO'TICE,  in  the  older  writers,  meant  the 
art  of  communicating  factitious  beauty  to  a  per- 
son.    Painting  the  face;   Comopor'ia. 

COMMOTIO,  Motion,  Concussion— c.  Cerebri 
Concussion  of  the  brain. 


COMMOTION 


225 


COMPEESSION 


COMMOTION,  Concussion  — c.  du  Cerveau, 
Concussion  of  the  brain. 

COMMU'NICANS,  from  communis,  'common.' 
Conjun'gcns.  Tliat  which  communicates  or  esta- 
blishes a  communication.  Communicant.  There 
are  two  Arteries  Commmu'ean'tes,  both  within  the 
cranium;  —  the  one  anterior,  very  short,  and  ex- 
tending transversely  from  one  anterior  cerebral 
artery  to  the  other, — the  other  posterior,  called 
also  Communicans  Willis' ii,  which  passes  from 
the  internal  carotid  to  the  posterior  cerebral  ar- 
tery.    It  is  a  branch  of  the  basilary. 

Communicans  Noxi.  A  long  slender  nervous 
branch,  formed  by  filaments  from  the  first,  second 
and  third  cervical  nerves,  which  descends  upon 
the  outer  side  of  the  internal  jugular  vein,  and 
forms  a  loop  with  the  descendens  noni  over  the 
sheath  of  the  carotids. 

Communicans  Peeonei,  see  Communicans  pop- 
litei. 

Communicans  Poplite'i,  C.  tilia'lia  (nervus.) 
A  large  nerve,  which  arises  from  the  popliteal ; 
and,  at  a  variable  distance  below  the  articulation 
of  the  knee,  receives  the  communicans  jieronei 
from  the  peroneal  nerve,  —  the  two  forming  the 
external  saphenous  nerve. 

Communicans  Tibialis,  Communicans  poplitei. 

COMPACT,  Oompac'tus,  from  con  and  pangere, 
'to  strike,  to  fix.'  Solid,  close.  (F.)  Compacte. 
The  term  Compact  Tissue  is  given  to  the  hardest 
and  closest  parts  of  bone. 

COMPAGES,  Articulation,  Commissure  —  c. 
Ossium  per  Lineam  Simplicem,  Harmony  —  e. 
Vertebrarum,  Vertebral  column. 

COMPAGINATIO,  Commissure. 

CO  MP  AS  B'EPAISSEUR,  see  Pelvimeter. 

COMPASSIO,  Sympathy. 

COMPEBA,  Piper  cubeba. 

COMPENSATIOX,  Balannement. 

COMPEPER,  Piper  cubeba. 

COMPER'NIS  ;  from  con,  and  jperna,  'a  gam- 
mon of  bacon  with  the  leg  on.'  One  who  has  his 
knees  turned  inwards.  A  case  of  distortion  of 
the  legs. 

COMPETEISTTIA  MEMBROEUM  OMNIUM, 
Svmmetrv. 
'COMPLAINT,  Disease. 

CoJiPLAixT,  Eamilt,  see  Hereditary. 

COMPLEMENTAL  AIR,  see  Respiration. 

COMPLEMENTARY  AIR,  see  Eespii-ation. 

COMPLETIO,  Plethora. 

COMPLEX,  Complex' us,  from  con,  'with,'  and 
plectere,  '  to  twist.'  Embracing  several  distinct 
things.  Chaussier  uses  this  term,  in  his  anato- 
mical descriptions,  for  complicated. 

COMPLEXIO,  Coition,  Complexio,  Confusio, 
Temperament. 

COMPLEXION,  Complex'io.  This  is  often 
employed,  in  English,  for  the  colour  of  the  face, 
as  "  He  lias  a  good  complexion," — a  "sallow  com- 
2)lexion,"  &o.  It  formerly  had  a  more  extensive 
signification,  and  still  has  in  France.  It  signifies 
the  aggregate  of  physical  characters  presented 
by  any  individual,  considered  with  respect  to  his 
external  arrangement  or  condition.  It  means 
more  than  constitution,  for  which  it  is  used  syno- 
nymously in  many  cases ;  and  differs  from  tevi- 
2ierament.  which  is  less  the  external  condition 
of  the  body  than  the  state  or  disposition  of  the 
organs  in  health, — H.  Cloquet* 

COMPLEXUS,  Complex. 

COMPLESUS  Minor,  Masto'ideus  latera'lis,  Tra- 
elie'lo-masto'ideus,(F.)Trachelo-masto'idien,3Iuscle 
petit  Complexus.  It  arises  from  the  transverse 
processes  of  the  last  four  cervical  vertebrae,  and 
■is  inserted  into  the  mastoid  process. 

Complexus    Mus'culus,   Biven'ter   Oervi'cis, 
Complexus  Major,  Dorso-traehelon-oecipital,  Tra- 
15 


chclo-occipifal  (Ch.),  (F.)  3Iuscle  grand  complexus, 
A  muscle,  situate  at  the  hind  part  of  the  neck, 
where  it  extends  from  the  interval  that  separates 
the  two  prominent  ridges  on  the  posterior  surface 
of  the  OS  oecipitis  to  the  transverse  and  articular 
processes  of  the  last  sis  cervical  vertebraB,  as 
well  as  to  those  of  the  first  five  dorsal.  It  serves 
to  straighten,  incline,  and  turn  the  head. 

COMPLICA'TION,  CompUca'tio,  from  coii, 
'with,'  and  plicare,  'to  fold.'  In  medicine,  it 
moans  the  presence  of  several  diseases,  morhi 
complica'ti  seu  perplex'i,  or  of  several  adventi- 
tious circumstances  foreign  to  the  primary  disease. 

COMPOSIT"ION,  Com2}osit"io,  from  cowpo- 
nere,  {con  And. ponere,  'to  place  ;'  'to  place  toge- 
ther.' Syn'thesis.  The  act  of  composing  or  com- 
pounding,— of  medicines  for  example;  lamato- 
syntax'is.  Also,  the  Compound,  Compos'itum,  or 
thing  compounded.     Likewise,  a  combination. 

COMPOSITUM,  Compound. 

COMPOUND.  Same  etymology;  to  mix  me- 
dicines. To  mingle  different  ingredients  into 
one  whole.  Used  adjectively,  compound  signifies 
the  result  of  the  union  of  several  medicinal 
agents,  as  "a  compound  medicine." 
"COMPREIIENSIO,  Catalepsy. 

COMPRENSIO,  Catalepsy. 

COM'PRESS,  Compres' sa,  Splenium,  Spleniola, 
Splenis'eus,  Pla'gula,  Penicil'him,  Penic'ulum, 
from  comprimere,  [con,  and  premere,  'to  press,') 
'to  press  together.'  (F.)  Comjrresse.  Folded 
pieces  of  lint  or  rag,  so  contrived  as,  by  the  aid 
of  a  bandage,  to  make  due  pressure  upon  any 
part.  According  to  their  shape,  direction,  and 
use,  compresses  have  been  called  long  ((F.)  lon- 
gueties,)  square  [carrees,)  triangidar,  j^rismatie, 
graduated  (gi-aduees,)  sp)lit  {/endues,)  fenetreeSf 
crihlees,  croix  de  Malte,  oblique,  circular,  divid- 
ing {divisives,)  uniting  {iinisantes,)  cribriform,  &c. 

The  Umschlag  or  compress  of  the  hydropa- 
thists  is  a  cloth,  well  wetted  with  cold  water, 
applied  to  the  surface  near  the  supposed  seat  of 
disease,  securely  covered  with  a  dry  cloth,  a.nd 
changed  as  often  as  it  becomes  dry.  It  is  some- 
times covered  with  a  layer  of  oiled  silk,  to  pre- 
vent evaporation. 

COMPEESSEUR  BE  BUPUYTEEN,  Com- 
pressor of  Dupuytren  —  c.  du  Nez,  Compressor 
nasi  —  e.  do  la  Prostate,  Compressor  prostatas. 

COMPRESSIO,  Compression,  Thlipsis. 

COMPRES'SION,  Comp)ressio,  Enerei'sis. 
Same  etj'mology.  Pressure ;  methodical  com- 
pression. An  agent  frequently  had  recourse  to 
in  surgery.  We  comjyress  a  limb,  afi"ected  with 
cedeina,  varices,  hydrop)S  ctriicuU,  callous  nicer,  &.c. 
The  abdomen  is  compressed  after  delivery,  after 
paracentesis  abdominis,  &c.  The  eomj)ression  is 
produced  by  means  of  the  roller,  laced  stocking, 
&c.,  according  to  the  part,  and  to  the  particular 
case.  Moderate  2^>'essure  aids  the  contractility 
of  parts,  and  excites  the  action  of  the  absorbents  ; 
so  that  large  tumours  at  times  disappear  after  it 
has  been  used  for  some  time.  A  greater  degree 
of  pressure  occasions,  still  more,  the  emaciation 
of  the  part,  but  it  is  apt  to  impede  the  cirenla,- 
tion.  Pressure  is  often  used  to  stop  or  moderate 
the  flow  of  blood  in  cases  of  aneurism  or  wounds 
of  arteries  and  veins.  In  such  cases,  the  com- 
pression may  be  immediate,  when  applied  upon 
the  artery  itself,  or  it  may  be  mediate,  when  ap- 
plied through  the  integuments  and  soft  parts. 
The  French  use  the  term  Com2}ression  immediate 
laterale  for  that  which  is  exerted  perpendicularly 
to  the  axis  of  a  vessel,  so  as  to  flatten  its  sides. 
It  is  practised  with  the  finger,  forceps,  tourniquet, 
compresses,  &c. 

CoMPREs'siON  OP  THE  Brain.  This  may  arise 
either  from  coagula  of  blood,  a  soft  tumour  A 


COMrRESSIVE 


226 


CONCHA 


bony  excrescence,  a  depressed  portion  of  the 
fikull,  or  the  presence  of  some  foreign  body.  The 
effects  vary,  according  as  the  compression  takes 
place  suddenly  or  gradually.  When  suddenly, 
the  symptoms  are  of  the  comatose  or  apoplectic 
character.  V/hen  gradually,  mania,  convulsions, 
Ac,  are  more  likely  to  occur.  Compression, 
arising  from  a  depressed  portion  of  skull,  requires 
the  use  of  the  trenhine. 

COiVIPRES'SIVB,  Compresai'vus.  That  which 
compresses.  A  compressive  bandage  is  one  that 
compresses  the  parti  to  which  it  is  applied. 

COMPRES'SOR  or  COMPRESSO'RIUM  OF 
DUPUYTREN,  (F.)  Compresseur  de  Diipuytren. 
An  instrument  for  compressing  the  femoral  ar- 
tery, invented  by  Dupuytren.  It  is  constructed 
on  the  same  principles  as  the  tourniquet  of  J.  L. 
Petit,  from  which  it  only  differs  in  this  respect ; — 
that,  instead  of  being  maintained  in  its  place  by  a 
iitrap,  which  always  compresses  more  or  less  the 
circumference  of  the  limb,  the  two  pads  are  placed 
at  the  extremities  of  a  semicircle  of  steel,  which,  by 
passing  from  one  to  the  other  without  touching 
the  parts,  limits  the  pressure  to  two  opposite 
points  of  the  thigh,  and  permits  the  collateral 
circulation  to  go  on. 

COJIPBESSOR  Naris,  Renai'iis,  Nasa'lis,  Trans- 
versa'Us  A'^asi,  Myrtiform'is,  Bilatato' res  ala'rum 
nasi,  Constric'tor  No^i,  C.  Na'rium,  C.  Naris, 
Triangula' ris  Nasi,  (F.)  Ilaxillo-narinal,  Sus- 
maxillo- nasal,  —  (  Ch., )  Compresseur  du  nez, 
Transversal  du  nez.  A  muscle,  situate  at  the  sides 
of  the  nose ;  flat  and  triangular.  It  arises  from 
the  inner  part  of  the  fossa  canina,  and  passes  to 
the  dorsum  of  the  nose ;  where  it  is  confounded 
with  that  of  the  opposite  side. 

Compressor  or  Coxstbictor  of  Ntjck.  An 
instrument  for  compressing  the  urethra,  to  ob- 
viate incontinence  of  urine.  It  consists  of  a 
girdle  of  iron,  which  surrounds  the  pelvis,  to 
which  is  fixed  a  plate  of  the  same  metal,  that 
compresses  the  urethra  in  perincBO. 

Compressor  Pbos'tat^,  Prostat'ievs  svpe'- 
rior,  Puhio-prostat' icus,  Suh-puhio-prostat'icus, 
(F.)  Compresseur  de  la  prostate.  A  muscle,  ad- 
mitted by  Albinus,  which  is  formed  of  the  ante- 
rior fibres  of  the  Levator  ani,  that  embrace  the 
prostate.      It   is   the   Prostat'icus   supe'rior   of 

VVlNSLOW. 

CoMPREs'soE  Ure'thr.e.  A  muscle  consisting 
of  two  portions — one  of  which  is  transverse  in  its 
direction,  and,  in  consequence  of  its  having  been 
particularly  described  by  Mr.  Guthrie,  has  been 
called  Guthrie's  muscle.  It  arises  from  the  ram  lis 
of  the  ischium,  and  passes  inwards  to  embrace 
the  membranous  urethra.  The  other  portion  is 
perpendicular,  descending  from  the  pubis  and 
passing  down  to  be  inserted  into  the  transverse 
portion  of  the  muscle.  This  portion  has  been 
considered  by  many  to  be  only  the  anterior  fibres 
of  the  levator  ani;  and  having  been  described 
by  Mr.  Wilson,  it  has  been  called  Wilson's  muscle. 

Compressor  VENiE  Dorsa'lis  Penis.  A  small 
muscle,  distinctly  seen  in  animals,  less  distinctly 
in  man,  which  arises  from  the  ramus  of  the  pubis, 
and  ascending  in  a  direction  forwards  is  inserted 
above  the  vena  dorsalis,  joining  with  its  fellow 
of  the  opposite  side  on  the  mesial  line.  Its  use 
is  supposed  to  compress  the  vein  in  erection.  It 
is  sometiiues  called  the  muscle  of  Houston,  after 
I>r.  Houston  of  Dublin. 

COMPRESSORIUM,  Compressor. 
'  COMPTO'NIA  ASPLENIFO'LIA,Z;r^)()WCTni'- 
f.(Tr  peregri'na,  L.  asplenifo'lia,  Ifyo'ica  asploii- 
fo'lia.  Sweet  Fern,  Shrubby  Sweet  Fern,  Sweet 
iiusJi,  Fern  bus?-  Fern  gale,  Splcenwort  bush. 
Meadow  fern,  Astringent  root.  An  indigenous 
abru)  Vy  plant,  which  grows  in  sandy  or  stcn_)' 


woods  from  New  England  to  Vii-ginia.  It  pos- 
sesses tonic  and  astringent  properties,  and  is  used 
as  a  domestic  remedy  in  diarrhoea,  &c.,  in  the 
form  of  decoction. 

COMPUNCTIO,  Paracentesis,  Puncturing. 

CON^STHESIS,  Coenaisthesis. 

CONARIUM,  Pineal  gland. 

CONATUS,  Effort. 

COKCiiRNATIO,  Syssareosis. 

CONCASSEFl,  (F.),  from  conquassare,  (con, 
and  quassare,  'to  shake  much,')  'to  break  to 
pieces;'  'to  comminute.'  To  reduce  roots,  woods, 
<fcc.  into  small  fragments,  in  order  that  their  ac- 
tive principles  may  be  more  readily  separated 
from  them. 

CONCAU'SA,  Concaus'sa,  Syna'tion.  A  cause 
which  co-operates  with  another,  in  the  produc- 
tion of  disease. 

CONCAVITAS  CONCHULARIS  CEREBRI, 
Infundibulum  of  the  brain. 

CONCAVUM  PEDIS,  Sole. 

CONCENTRAN'TIA,  from  con  and  centrum, 
'  a  centre.'  A  name  once  given  to  absorbents  of 
acids. 

CONCENTRA'TION.  Concentra'tio.  A  word 
sometimes  used,  in  medical  theories,  to  express 
an  afflux  of  fluids,  or  a  convergence  of  sensibility 
or  of  vital  force,  towards  an  organ.  It  is  applied, 
also,  to  the  pulsation  of  arteries,  when  not  easily 
felt  under  the  finger.  , 

POULS  CONCENTRE,  (F.)  A  term  ap- 
plied by  the  French  to  a  i)ulse  of  the  above 

CONCEPTACULA  SEMINARIA,  Vesiculse 
seminariaj. 

CONCEPTACULUM,  Uterus,  Vessel. 

CONCEPTIO,  Conception  —  c.  Vitiosa,  Preg- 
nancy, extra-uterine. 

CONCEPTION,  Concep'tio,  Concep'tus,  Cye'- 
sis,  Syllep'sis,  Androlep' sia,  from  concipio,  {con 
and  capio,)  '  I  conceive.'  The  impregnation  of 
the  ovum  by  the  positive  contact  of  the  male 
sperm,  whence  results  a  new  being.  The  whole 
subject  of  conception  is  most  mysterious.  It 
seems  to  occur  as  follows.  During  the  sexual 
union,  the  male  sperm  passes  along  the  uterus 
and  Fallopian  tubes :  the  fimbriated  extremities 
of  the  latter  seize  hold  of  the  ovarium;  and  the 
sperm  in  this  manner  comes  in  contact  with  a 
maturated  ovum,  and  impregnates  it.  The  fe- 
cundated ovum  remains  some  time  in  the  ovarium, 
hut  at  length  bursts  its  covering,  is  laid  hold  of 
by  the  fimbriated  extremity  of  the  Fallopian 
tube,  and  passes  along  the  tube  into  the  cavity 
of  the  uterus,  where  it  remains  for  the  full  period 
of  utero-gestation.  Some  are  of  opinion,  that 
the  ovum  is  not  impregnated  until  it  has  entered 
the  Fallopian  tubes,  or  uterus. 

Concep'tion,  False,  Falsus  Concep'tus,  Spu'- 
rium  germen,  (F.)  Fausse  conception,  Faux  germe. 
An  irregular,  preternatural  conception,  the  result 
of  which  is  a  mole  or  some  similar  production, 
instead  of  a  properly  organized  fcotus.  See  Mole. 

CONCEP'TUS.  The  first  rudiments  of  the 
foetus,  after  conception.     Also,  conception. 

CoNCEPTxrs  Falsus,  Conception,  false. 

CONCHA,  Conchtis.  A  liquid  measure, 
amongst  the  Athenians,  equal  to  half  an  ounce. 
Anatomists  apply  this  term  to  several  hollow 
parts  of  the  body; — as  the  Concha  of  the  Ear, — 
Concha  Auris,  Concha  Auric' ula;  ;  (F.)  Conqne — 
the  hollow  part  of  the  cartilage  of  the  extern.-il 
ear.  It  has,  also,  been  applied  to  the  genital 
organs  of  the  female ;  to  the  patella,  &c.. 

Concha,  Patella,  Turbinated  bono  (middle.) 
Vulva — c.  Auris  interna,  Cochlea  —  c.  Cerebri, 
Infundibulum  of  the  brain — c.  Genu,  Patella — c. 
Inferior,  Turbinated  bone,  (inferior)  —  c.  Laby- 


CONCHA  NARIUM 


227 


CONBUIT 


rintM,  Cochlea — c.  Morgagniana,  Turbinated 
bone,  (superior) — c.  Narium  superior,  Turbinated 
bone,  (superior). 

CONCH.E  NARIUM,  Turbinated_bones. 

CONCHA'RUM  ANTIFEBRI'LE.  A  febri- 
fuge and  sudorific  preparation  in  Bates's  Pharma- 
copoeia. It  was  composed  of  vinegar,  mussel- 
shells,  and  water  of  Carduus  henedictus. 

CONCHO-HELIX.  A  small,  fleshy,  fascicu- 
lus, attached  to  the  concha  of  the  ear  and  helix. 
It  is  also  called  the  small  muscle  of  the  helix. 

COXCHUS,  Concha.  The  cranium.  In  the 
plural,  it  means  the  orbitar  cavities. — Castelli. 

CoNCHUs  OcuLi,  Orbit. 

CONCHYLIA,  Turbinated  bones. 

CONCIDENTIA,  Collapse. 

CONCILIA  CORPORALIA,  Coitus. 

CONCIL'JUM.  A  milky  plant,  referred  to  by 
Pliny  as  aphrodisiac  and  antiphthisical.  Adanson 
considers  it  to  be  a  Campanula. 

CONCOCTED,  Concoc'tHs,  jMatura'tns,  Pepei'- 
rus;  from  con  and  coquere,  'to  boil.'  Brought  to 
maturity;  ripe;  concocted;  digested. 

CONCOCTIO,  Coction— c.  Tarda,  Dyspepsia. 

CONCOCTION,  Coction. 

G0NG03IBRE  ORDINAIRE,  Cucumis  sati- 
vus — c.  Saiivaije,  Momordica  elaterium. 

CONCOMITANS,  Concomitant. 

CONCOM'ITANT,  Coneom' itans,  from  con  and 
eomitare,  (itself  from  comire,  —  cum  and  ire,)  'to 
go  with.'  That  which  accompanies.  A  symptom 
which  accompanies  others. 

CONCREMATIO,  Calcination. 

CONCREMENTA  ZOOHYLICA,  see  Zoo- 
hylica. 

CONCREMENTUM,  Concretion. 

CONCRETIO,  Adherence,  Concretion  — c. 
Palpebrarum  cum  bulbo  oculi,  Symblepharosis. 

CONCRE'TION,  Concre'tio,  Concremen' turn, 
from  concrescere,  (con  and  crescere,)  'to  condense, 
thicken,  become  solid :'  Pexis,  Si/mpex'is,  irrj^i;, 
wiiTTJi^tg.  The  act  of  becoming  thick  or  solid. 
It  was  once  used  synonymously  with  adhesion  or 
growing  together,  —  as,  "  concretion  of  the  toes." 
Most  commonly,  it  is  applied  to  extraneous  and 
inorganic  bodies,  of  a  solid  character,  met  with 
in  different  textures,  after  certain  chronic  inflam- 
mations ;  or  which  make  their  appearance  in  the 
joints  or  in  the  reservoirs  for  excrementitial  fluids. 
Concretion  is,  therefore,  frequently  synonymous 
with  Calculus,  and  is  then  rendered,  in  Latin,  by  the 
word  Ooncrementum.  But  Concretion  has  a  more 
extensive  signification  than  Calculus;  thus,  acci- 
dental ossifications  or  deposits  of  phosphate  of  lime 
in  certain  organs,  and  especially  in  the  liver  and 
Ivaigs,  are  properly  called  osseous  concretions. 
They  could  not  well  be  called  osseous  calculi. 

Concretion,  Fibrinous,  Sanguineous,  Po- 
liYPiPomr,  or  Polypus,  op  the  Heart,  see  Poly- 
pus— c.  Intestinalis,  Calculus  of  the  Stomach  and 
Intestines. 

CONCRETIONES  ALVIN^,  Calculi  of  the 
stomach  and  intestines. 

CONCUBITUS,  Coition— c.  Venereus,  Coition. 

CONCUR'SUS,  from  concurrere,  (co7i,  and  cur- 
rcre,  cursum,  'to  run,')  'to  meet  together,'  Syn'- 
dromc.  The  congeries  or  collection  of  symptoms, 
which  constitute  and  distinguish  a  particular  dis- 
ease. 

CONCUS'SION,  Commo'tion,  from  concutio, 
(con  and  quatere,  'to  shake,')  '  I  shake  together.' 
Goncus'sio,  Thlasma  Concus'sw,  Commo'tio,  Ana- 
sis'mus,  Tinaf/mus,  (F.)  Commotion.  In  Surgery/, 
it  is  used  for  the  agitation  often  communicated  to 
one  organ  by  a  fall  upon  another;  as  to  the  brain 
from  a  fall  on  the  breech,  &c. 

In  all  severe  injuries ;  in  sudden  encephalic 
hemorrhage,  and  in  overwhelming  emotions,  a 


concussion  or  shocJc  is  felt  to  a  greater  or  less  ex- 
tent in  the  nervous  S3'stem,  which  requires  tha 
careful  attention  of  the  physician. 

Concussion  of  the  Brain,  Commo'tio  Cer'ehri, 
Apoplex'ia  nervo'sa  traumat'ica,  Encephnlosis' - 
mus,  (F.)  Commotion  du  Cerveau,  sometimes  gives 
rise  to  alarming  symptoms,  even  to  abolition  of 
the  functions  of  the  brain,  yet  without  any  sen- 
sible organic  disease.  Slight  concussion  of  the 
brain,  called  stunning,  consists  in  vertigo,  tinnitus 
aurium,  loss  of  memory,  and  stupefaction ;  all 
these  being  temporary.  When  more  severe,  there 
is  instant  loss  of  sensation  and  volition,"  vomiting, 
the  patient  being  as  if  in  a  sound  sleep,  but  there 
is  no  stertorous  breathing.  Pulse  variable,  gene- 
rally more  rapid  and  feeble  than  in  compression; 
extremities  cold.  Little  can  be  done  here,  till 
reaction  has  occurred :  after  this,  the  case  must 
be  treated  according  to  general  principles, —  by 
bleeding,  blisters,  cold  applied  to  the  head,  &c. 
After  severe  concussion,  a  patient,  although  ap- 
parently well,  is  not  safe  till  some  time  after  the 
accident. 

CONDENSAN'TIA,  from  con  and  c/ensws, 
'dense;'  Incrassan' tia.  Medicines  esteemed 
proper  for  inspissating  the  humours. 

CONDENSATIO,  Condensation,  Stegnosis. 

CONDENSA'TION,  Condensa'tio,  Insp>issa'tio. 
Increase  in  density  of  the  blood  and  other  liquids, 
or  of  the  solids,  which  enter  into  the  composition 
of  the  human  body. 

CONDENSER,  see  Alembic. 

Conden'sek,  Liebig's.  a  distillatory  arrange- 
ment, invented  by  Liebig,  in  which  the  tube  con- 
veying the  vapour  is  made  to  pass  through  an- 
other tube,  the  calibre  of  which  is  such  as  to 
leave  a  space  between  the  two,  through  which  a 
stream  of  water  may  be  made  to  run. 

CON'DIMENT.  Condimen'tum,  Ar'tyma,  Ee- 
dys'ma,  Conditu'ra,  from  condire,  '  to  season.' 
(F.)  Assaissonnement.  Some  substances  are  called, 
at  times,  aliments,  and  at  others,  condiments,  ac- 
cording as  they  constitute  the  basis  or  the  acces- 
sory to  any  dish :  such  are  cream,  butter,  mush- 
rooms, olives,  &c.  Others  are  always  condiments, 
as  they  are  only  used  to  improve  the  savour  of 
food,  and  contain  but  little  nutritive  matter.  Such 
are  pepper,  salt,  einnam~©n,  &o.  Almost  all  con- 
diments are  possessed  of  stimulant  properties. 

CONDIT,  Confection. 

CONDI'TUM,  same  ctj^mon.  A  pharmaceu- 
tical compound  of  wine,  honey,  and  some  aro- 
maties.  especially  pepper.     Also,  a  confection. 

CONDITURA  CADAVERUM,  Embalming. 

CONDOM,  Armour,  (F.)  Baudriiche,  Redin- 
gote  Anglaise,  Gant  des  Dames,  Calotte  d'assnr  ■ 
anee.  The  intestinum  csecum  of  a  sheep,  soake(l 
for  some  hours  in  water,  turned  inside  out,  mar 
eerated  again  in  weak,  alkaline  ley,  —  changed 
every  twelve  hours,  and  scraped  carefully  to  ab- 
stract the  mucous  membrane,  leaving  the  perito- 
neal  and  muscular  coats  exposed  to  the  vapour  of 
burning  brimstone,  and  afterwards  washed  with 
soap  and  water.  It  is  then  blown  up,  dried,  cut 
to  the  length  of  seven  or  eight  inches,  and  bor- 
dered at  the  open  end  with  a  riband.  It  is  drawn 
over  the  penis  prior  to  coition,  to  prevent  vene- 
real infection  and  pregnancy. 

CONDUCTIO,  Tonic  spasm.  Convulsion. 

CONDUCTION,  VIBRATIONS  OF,  see 
Sound. 

CONDUCTOR,  Direc'tor,  Itinera' rium,  (F.) 
Conducteur ;  from  con,  'with,'  and  ducere,  *to 
lead.'  That  which  conducts.  The  Gondwtor  was 
an  instrument,  formerly  used  in  the  high  opera- 
tion for  the  stone,  for  directing  the  forceps  into 
the  bladder. 

CONDUIT,  Canal  — c.  Auditif  exterve,  Audi- 


CONDUITS 


228 


COXFECTIO 


tory  canal,  external — c.  Auditif  interne,  Auditory 
canal,  internal  —  c.  Auriculaire,  Auditory  canal, 
external — c.  Choledoque,  Choledoch  duet — c.  De- 
ferent, Deferens — c.  d'Emfache,  Eustachian  tube 
— c.  Gutturale  de  I'oreille,  Eustachian  tube — c.  La- 
hyrintMrjiie,  Auditory  canal,  internal  —  c.  Ptiry- 
yo'idten.  Pterygoid  canal — c.  Sousorhitaire,  Sub- 
orbitar  canal  —  c.  Spermatique,  Deferens  (vas) — 
c.  Thoracique,  Thoracic  duct — c.  Vidien,  Ptery- 
goid canal. 

CONDUITS  ADIPEUX,  Fatty  canals  — c. 
Aqiieux,  see  Aqueous  —  c.  Aveugles  de  I'urethre, 
see  Caecus — c.  Dentairea,  Dental  canals — c.  Eja- 
culateurs,  Ejaculatory  ducts — c.  Lacrymavx,  La- 
chrymal ducts — c.  Lactiferes,  Lactiferous  vessels 
— c.  Nourriciers,  Canals,  nutritive — c.  Nutriciers, 
Canals,  nutritive. 

CONDYLARTHRO'SIS,  from  Kovhvloi,  'a  con- 
dyle,' and  apOoov,  'a  joint.'  Articulation  by  con- 
dyles. An  elongated  head  or  condyle,  received 
into  an  elliptical  cavity. 

CON'DYLE,  Con'dyle,  Con'dylus,  Capit'ulum, 
from  Kov5v\o?,  'a  knot,  eminence.'  An  articular 
eminence,  round  in  one  direction,  flat  in  the  other. 
A  kind  of  process,  met  with  more  particularly  in 
the  ginglymoid  joints; — such  as  the  condyles  of 
the  occipital,  inferior  maxillary  bone,  &c.  Some 
anatomists  have  applied  the  term,  however,  to 
eminences  that  are  not  articular,— as  to  the  late- 
ral tuberosities  at  the  inferior  extremity  of  the  os 
humeri,  and  even  to  certain  depressions,  —  as  to 
the  concave  articular  surfaces  at  the  upper  extre- 
mity of  the  tibia.  Chaussier  calls  the  transverse 
root  of  the  zygomatic  process  Condyle  of  the  tem- 
poral bone. 

CONDYLI  DIGITORUM  MANUS,  Phalanges 
of  the  fingers. 

COND  YLIEN,  see  Condyloid  Foramina. 
CONDYLIUS,  Condyloid. 

CON'DYLOID,  Condyloi'deus,  Condylo'des, 
Condyl'ius,  from  Kovhv\oi,  a  '  condyle,'  and  u&os, 
'shape.'     Having  the  shape  of  a  condyle. 

Condyloid FoRAM'iNA,i^o)-a??i'») a  Condyloidea, 
(F.)  Trous  condylo'idiens,  Posses  condylo'idiennes. 
These  are  distinguished  into  anterior  and  poste- 
rior. They  are  four  in  number,  seated  in  the 
occipital  bone ; — two  anterior,  and  two  posterior 
to  the  condyles  or  condyloid  ji'i'ocessea  of  the 
s.ime  bone,  and  to  depressions,  which  are  called 
FosscB  Condyloidea. 

As  the  word  Condylo'idien  means — '  that  which 
has  the  shape  of  a  condyle,' — it  has  been  judi- 
ciously proposed  by  some  French  anatomists  that 
condylien  should  be  used  in  preference,  in  the 
case  of  the  foramina  and  fossae. 

CONDYLOIDIEN,  see  Condyloid  Foramina. 
CONDY'LO'MA,   Condylo'sis,   Con'dylus,    Ver- 
ru'oa  carno'sa,  from  Koviv'Xog,  '  a  knot,'  '  an  emi- 
nence.' A  soft,  fleshy  excrescence,  of  an  indolent 
character,  which  appears  near  the  orifice  of  the 
genital  organs  and  rectum,  and  occasionally  on 
the  fingers  and  toes.     It  is  a  consequence  of  the 
eyphilitic  virus.     Such  tumours  are  also  called 
Dermophy' mata  vene'rea. 
CONDYLOSIS,  Condyloma. 
CONDYLUS,  Condyloma. 
CONESSI   CORTEX,   Nerium  antidysenteri- 
cum. 
f        CONFEC'TIO,  Confec'tion,  from  conficio,  [con, 
and /«cere,  '  to  make,')  'I  make  up.'    Alig'ulus, 
(P.)  Confiture,  Condit.     In  general  it  means  any 
thing  made  up  or  preserved  with  sugar.     In  the 
Idte  London  Pharmacopoeias,  it  includes  the  arti- 
cles before  called  electuaries  and  conserves.   Con- 
fec'tio  or  Confec'tum  also  means  Confectionary. 
CoNFECTio  Alkermes,  Alkermcs. 
CONFECTIO  KilYGH A.1.A' RVll,  Almond  Confection, 
Almond  Paste,   Pasta   re'gia,    P.  Amygdali'na, 


Pasta  Einuhi'va,  Buty'rum  Amygdala'rum  DuV- 
cium,(Y.)  Confection  d'Amandes.  (Sweet  almonds, 
5j  ;  gum  acacia,  3J  >  *<-'/)  ite  sugar,  giv.  Blanch 
the  almonds,  and  beat  into  a  paste.)  A  good 
mode  of  keeping  almonds  in  a  state  fit  for  making 
emulsions. 

CoNFECTlo  ARCniG"ENI,  C.  Pauli'na.  [Castor, 
long  p)epper,  black  pepper,  storax,  galbaniim, 
eostus,  ojjiuni,  of  each  gss;  saffron,  gij  ;  syrvp 
of  ivormwood,  5u-)  ■'-''  ^''^^  much  recommended 
as  a  stimulant  in  nervous  afi"ections. 

CoNFECTio  Aromat'ica,  Electua'rium  Aromat'- 
icum,  C.  Cardi'aca,  C.  Raleigha'na,  Aromatic 
Confection,  Sir  Walter  EaleigVs  Cordial.  The 
following  is  the  Ph.  U.  S.  formula.  [Pulv.  aromat. 
^vss  ;  croci,  in  pulv.  §ss;  syrup,  aurant.  ^vj  ; 
Mel  despumat.  gij.  Rub  the  aromatic  powder 
with  the  safi"ron  ;  then  add  the  syrup  and  honey, 
and  beat  together  until  thoroughly  mixed.)  Dose, 
9jto3J.  - 

CoNFECTiO  AuRANTlo'RTJJf,  C.  Auran'tH  Cor'- 
ticis,  (Ph.  U.  S.),  Conser'va -Cor' ticum  Aurantio'- 
rum,  C.  Cor'ticis  Exterio'ris  Aurantii  Mispalen' - 
sis,  C.  Flared' inis  Corticum  Aurantiorum  Hispa- 
len'sijim,  Conser'va  Aurantii,  C.  Citri  Aurantii, 
Confection  of  the  Orange,  Conserve  of  Orange 
Peel.  [  Yellow  part  of  the  peel  of  the  orange,  ftj  ; 
rectified  sugar,  Ibiij  ;  beat  into  a  conserve.)  It  is 
stomachic,  and  an  agreeable  vehicle,  corrigent, 
and  adjuvant  for  other  remedies.  Dose,  §ss. 
CoNFECTio  Cardiaca,  Confectio  aromatica. 
CoNFECTlO  CAS'si-ffi,  Electua'rium  Cassia  Fis'- 
tidcs,  E.  Cassia,  E.  e  Cassia,  E.  laxati'vum,  Con- 
serva  Cassia,  Electuarium  Cassia  tamarinda'tum 
seu  leniti'vum,  Electua'rium  e  Cassia,  Diaeas'sia 
cumllannd,  Cassia  Confection.  [Cassia pndp,  Ibss  ; 
manna,  gij  ;  tamarind  jmlp,  gj  ;  syrup  of  roses, 
B)ss.  Bruise  the  manna,  dissolve  by  heat,  mix 
the  pulp,  and  evaporate.)  It  is  gently  laxative. 
Dose,  ^ss. 

CosFECTio  Damocratis,  Mithridate. 
Confectio  Hamec, — so  called  from  an  Arabian 
physician, — was  composed  of  the  bark  of  the 
yelloio  myrobalans,  black  myrobalans,  i^iolets,  j)''dp 
of  colocynfh,  polypodium  of  the  oak,  leaves  of 
wormtcood,  thyme,  aniseed,  fennel,  red  roses,  pul]>8 
of  prunes,  raisins,  sugar,  honey,  senna,  rhubarb, 
&c.     It  was  used  as  a  purgative  in  glysters. 

Confectio  Hyacin'thi,  Hy'acinth  Confection, 
Electua'rinm  seu  Confec'tio  de  Croco  emenda'ta 
olirn  dicta  de  hyaein'this,  (Ph.  P.)  A  tonic  and 
slightlj''  astringent  confection,  composed,  accord- 
ing to  Baume,  of  terra  sigillata,  crab's  stones, 
cinnamon,  leaves  of  the  dittany  of  Crete,  myrrh, 
saff'ron,  syrup  of  lemon,  camphor,  A  arbonne  honey, 
oil  of  lemon,  &c. :  and  formerly  the  hyacinth  was 
added,  whenee  its  name. 

Confectio  O'pii,  Electua'rium  Opia'tum,  Con- 
fectio Opia'ta,  Philo'nium  Londinen'se,  Theriaca 
Edinen'sis,  Philo'nium  lioma'num,  Electua'rium 
Theba'icum.  Opium  Confection,  [Opium,  in  t^ovt- 
der,  givss;  Pulv.  aromat.  5vj;  Mel  desjmmat. 
^xiv;  mix  thoroughly.  One  grain  of  opium  in 
36:  —  Ph.  U.  S.)  It  is  narcotic  and  stimulant. 
Dose,  gr.  x  to  Qj. 

Confectio  Paulina,  Confectio  Archigeni  —  c. 
ex  Capitibus  papaveris,  Diacodium. 

Confectio  Pip'eris  Nigri,  Ward's  Paste  for 
Fis'tula.  [Black  jicjrper,  elecam2}ane  root,  each 
Ibj  ;  fennel  seed,  Ibiij  ;  ichite  sugar,  Ibij.)  Dose, 
size  of  a  nutmeg,  three  or  four  times  a  day. 
Confectio  Raleighana,  Confectio  aromatica. 
Confectio  Ros^  Cani'n^,  Consei-'va  Posts 
Cani'na,  Conserva  Cynos'bati,  C.  Cynor'rhodi, 
Bob  Cynos'batos,  Confection  or  Conserve  of  Dog 
Base.  [Pulp  of  dog  rose,  foj  ;  sugar,  ^xx.  In- 
corporate. Ph.  L.)  It  is  chiefly  used  as  a  vehicle 
for  other  remedies. 


CONFECTION 


229 


CONGENITAL 


CoNTECTlO  Ros^,  C.  lioscB  Gal'h'cm,  Cow^er'ra 
lioscB  Gal'liccB,  Conserva  Iloscs,  C.  Flornm  liosa'- 
rum  liuhra'rum,  G.  Floruni  Rosa  Rubrm,  Rho- 
dosac'cJiaritm,  Sac' eharttm  Rosa'cewn,  G.  Roses 
RuhrcB,  Confection  of  the  Red  Rose. ^  [Red  roses, 
in  powder,  ^^iv  ,•  Sugar,  in  powder,  §xxx  ;  Clari- 
fied honey,  ^vj;  Rose  water,  f^^viij.  Rub  the 
roses  with  the  rose  water  at  a  boiling  heat;  then 
add  gradually  the  sugar  and  honey,  and  beat 
vtntil  thoroughly  mixed.  —  Ph.  U.  S.)  It  is 
astringent,  and  chiefly  used  as  a  vehicle  for  other 
remedies. 

CoxFECTio  RuTjE,  Confection  of  Rue.  {Rue 
leaves  dried,  carraivay  seeds,  hay  herries,  of  each 
§iss;  sarjapenum,  ^lY ;  Mack  pepper, '^ly,  honey, 
^xvj  ;  Mix.)  It  is  given  in  clysters,  as  an  an- 
tispasmodic and  carminative, 

CoNFECTio  DB  San'tALIS,  Confection  of  the 
Sanders,  (F.)  Confection  de  Sandaux.  (Sandal 
wood,  red  coral,  bole  armeniac,  terra  sigillata, 
kermes  herries,  tormentil  root,  dittany,  saffron, 
myrtle,  red  roses,  calcined  hartshorn,  and  cloves.) 
It  was  formerlj'  used  as  an  astringent. 

CoNFECTio  ScAioio'ni^,  Electua'rium  Scammo'- 
nvi,  Electuarium  e  Scammo'nio,  Caryocostinum, 
Confection  of  Scam'mony.  (Powdered  scammony, 
^iss  ;  bruised  cloves,  powdered  ginger,  aa  qV^  ; 
oil  of  carraivay,  ^^s;  syrup  of  roses,  q.  s.)  A 
stimulating  catha.rtic.     Dose,  ^ss  to  gj- 

CoNFBCTio  Senn^,  Electua' riuiH  CassicB  Sennas, 
E.  SenncB  cum  Pulpis,  E.  SenncB  compos' itum, 
Benedic'tuni  Laxati'vwn,  Electuarium  ape'riens, 
E.  cathol' icttm  commu'ne,  E.  diapru'num,  E.  ecco- 
prot'icum,  E.  Sennce,  E.  e  Senna,  E.  leniti'vum. 
Confection  of  Senna,  &c.  (Senna  leaves,  5^iij  5 
figs,  Ibj  ;  tamarind  pulp,  cassia  pulp,  pulp  of 
French  prunes,  each  Ibss;  coriander  seed,  ^iv ; 
liquorice  root,  ^iij ;  sugar,  Ibiiss ;  icater,  Giv. 
Rub  the  senna  and  coriander  together :  separate 
10  ounces  of  the  powder  with  a  sieve ;  boil  the 
residue  with  the  figs  and  liquorice  root  in  the 
water  to  one-half;  press  out  the  liquor  and  strain. 
Evaporate  the  liquor  by  means  of  a  water  bath 
to  a  pint  and  a  half;  add  the  sugar,  and  form  a 
syrup.  Rub  the  pulps  with  the  syrup,  gradually 
added ;  throw  in  the  sifted  powder,  and  beat  till 
thoroughly  mixed. — Ph.  U.S.)  It  is  a  laxative, 
and  is  used  in  habitual  constipation,  and  in  con- 
stipation during  pregnancy.     Dose,  ^ss  to  gss. 

CoNFECTiO  DE  Thure,  Frank' iucense  Confec- 
tion, (F.)  Confection  d'Encens.  A  compound  of 
coriander  seeds,  nutmeg,  thus,  liquorice,  mastich, 
cuhebs,  prepared  hartshorn,  conserve  of  red  roses, 
sugar,  &c. 

CONFECTION,  Confectio— c.  d'Amandes,  Con- 
fection, almond — c.  d'Encens,  Confeoisio  de  Thure 
— c.  Frankincense,  Confectio  de  Thure — c.  of  the 
Orange,  Confectio  aui'antiorum  —  e.  of  the  Red 
rose,  Confectio  roste  Gallicse — c.  of  Rue,  Confec- 
tio rutse — c.  de  Sandaux,  Confectio  de  santalis — 
e.  of  the  Sanders,  Confectio  de  santalis. 

CONFECTUM,  Confection. 

CONFERVA  HELMINTHOCORTOS,  Coral- 
lina  Corsicana. 

Confer'va  Riva'lis.  This  species  of  River 
Weed  has  been  recommended  in  cases  of  spas- 
modic asthma,  phthisis,  &c. 

CONFIRMANTIA,  Tonics. 

CONFIRMED,  Consummatus. 

CONFITURE,  Confection. 

CONFLUENT,  Oon'fluens,  from  con,  and  flu- 
ere,  '  to  flow.'  An  epithet  for  certain  exanthe- 
matous  affections,  in  which  the  pimples,  pustules, 
Ac,  run  together.  It  is  particularly  applied  to 
small-pox,  so  circumstanced.  Some  authors  have 
called  scarlatina  or  scarlet  fever  Confluent  Measles, 
Morbil'li  Confluen'tes, 


CONFL  UENT  DES  SINUS,  Torcular  Here 
phili. 

CONFLUEN'TIA,  Gonfcedera'tio ;  same  et/- 
mon  as  Confluent.  A  term,  employed  by  Para- 
celsus to  express  the  concordance  between  a  dis- 
ease and  its  remedies. 

CONFLUXIO,  Svmpathy. 

CONFCEDERATIO,  Confluentia. 

CONFORMATIO,  Conformation,  Structure. 

CONFORMA'TION,  Gonforma'tio,  Diap'lasia, 
Diap)las'mus,  Strticture,  from  conformare,  (con, 
and  formare,  '  to  form,')  '  to  arrange,'  '  dispose.' 
The  natural  disposition  or  arrangement  of  the 
body. 

Faulty  conformation,  (F.)  Vice  de  conformation, 
is  vice  of  original  formation  ;  existing,  of  course, 
from  birth.  In  French  surgery,  Conformation  ia 
used  synonymously  with  Coaptation,  and  both  it, 
Diaplasis  and  Anaplasis  mean,  also,  restoratiou 
to  the  original  form — as  in  fractures,. &c. 

CONFORTANTIA,  Tonics. 

CONFORTATIVA,  Tonics. 

CONFORTER  (F.),  Confirms' re,  Conforta're, 
Corrobora're.  To  make  stronger  —  to  give  en- 
ergy. Conforter  I'estomac,  '  to  strengthen  the 
stomach.' 

CONFRICA'TION,  Confrica'tio,  from  confri- 
care,  (con,  and fricare,)  'to  rub.'  The  action  of 
reducing  a  friable  substance  to  powder,  by  rub- 
bing it  between  the  fingers ;  and  of  expressing 
the  juice  of  a  plant  with  the  hand. 

CONFRICA'TRIX,  from  con,  'with,'  and  fri- 
care,  '  to  rub.'  A  female  who  practises  mastur- 
bation. 

CONFU'SuE  FEBRES.  Intermittents,  whose 
paroxysms  are  irregular  and  confused.— Bellini. 

CONFU'SIO,  from  confundo,  (con  a.ndfundere, 
'to  pour,')  'I  mix  together;'  Syn'chisis.  A  dis- 
ease of  the  ej'e,  which  consists  in  the  mixture  of 
the  humours.  —  Galen.  In  modern  times',  Syn- 
chysis  has  been  applied  to  a  morbid  state  of  the 
vitreous  body,  in  which  it  is  reduced  to  a  difflu- 
ent condition.  It  has,  also,  been  used  synony- 
mously with  Gomplexio. 

CONFUSIONES  ANIMI,  Affections  of  the 
mind. 

CONGEE  DISCHARGES,  Rice-water  dis- 
charces. 

CONGELANTIA,  Congelativa. 

CONGELATIO,  Catalepsy. 

CONGELA'TION,  Congela'tio,  Conglacia'tio, 
Gela'tio,  from  congelo,  (con  and  gelare,)  'I  con- 
geal,' '  I  freeze.'  The  action  of  congealing,  of 
passing  to  the  solid  state  by  the  abstraction  of 
heat;  as  congelation  of  water,  mercury,  &c.  The 
term  had  once  other  acceptations.  1.  It  was  sy- 
nonymous with  concretion.  2.  With  coagulation, 
in  which  sense  it  is  still  occasionally  ernployed. 
3.  The  ancients  called  all  diseases,  produced  by 
cold,  congelations,  as  well  as  those  in  which  there 
was  a  kind  of  stupor  or  torpor — particularly  cata- 
lepsy.    Also,  Frostbite. 

CONGELATI'VA  MEDICAMEN'TA,  Con- 
glutinan'tia,  Gongelan'tia.  Medicines,  considered 
capable  of  uniting  or  consolidating  wounds,  &c. 

CON'GENER,  Congen'erous,  from  con,  'with,' 
and  (/emis, 'kind.'  CF.)  Congenere.  Ofthesama 
kind  or  species.  Resembling  each  other  in  somo 
manner.  When  applied  to  muscles,  it  means, 
that  they  concur  in  the  same  action ;  in  opposi. 
tion  to  the  word  antagonist,  or  that  which  acts  iu 
an  opposite  direction. 

In  France  Gongeneres  is  applied  to  those  who 
join  in  the  dissection  of  the  same  subject. 

CONGENIALIS,  Congenital. 

CONGENITiE  NOT^,  Ntevus. 

CONGEN'ITAL,  Con'genite,  Congenia'Us,  Con~ 
gen'itus,  Si/ngen'icus,  from  eon,  'with,'  and  genir 


congestj:d 


230 


CONNECTICUT 


(us,  'begottSQ.'  (F.)  Congenial  ou  Congenital. 
Diseases  which  infants  have  at  birth:  hence, 
Congenital  affections  are  those  that  depend  on 
faulty  conformation ;  as  congenital  hernia,  conge- 
nital cataract,  &o.     See  Connate. 

CONGESTED,  HyperEemic. 

CONGESTIO,  Congestion  — c.  Abdominalis, 
Coeliasmia  —  c.  Pectoris,  Stethsemia  —  c.  Pulmo- 
nura,  Stethsemia — e.  Sanguinis,  Congestion. 

CONGES'TION,  Conges'tio,  llhope,  from  con- 
gcrere,  '  to  amass,  '  accumulate,'  &c.  Symph'ora, 
lleBniatepago'  ge,H(Bniatosymphore'  siSyHamatosyn- 
ugo'ge,  Hamorme'sis,  SympJiore'ma,  Symphore'sia, 
Synathrois'mus,  Synathroe'sis,  Sanguinis  Conges'- 
tio, Engorgement.  Accumulation  of  blood  —  hy- 
permmin — in  an  organ.  It  is  an  important  symp- 
tom in  febrile  and  other  disorders.  It  may  arise 
either  from  an  extraordinary  flow  of  blood  by  the 
arteries,  or  from  a  difficulty  in  the  return  of  blood 
to  the  heart  by  the  veins.  More  often,  perhaps, 
it  is  owing  to  the  latter  cause,  and  is  termed  ve- 
nous congestion,  stasis  or  stagnation  —  being  not 
unusually  attended  with  symptoms  of  oppression 
and  collapse. 

Congestion  of  the  Abdomen,  Coeliasmia — c. 
of  the  Brain,  Stethasmia — c.  Cerebrale,  Cephalo- 
htemia — c.  dn,  Cerveau,  CephalohjBmia — c.  of  the 
Lungs,  Stethsemia— c.  des  Poumons,  Stethsemia — 
c.  Sanguine  rachidiemie,  Hypermyelohajmia. 

CONGESTIVE  FEVER,  see  Fever,  congestive. 

CONGLACIATIO,  Congelation. 

CO i^GthO'BAT'E,Congloha'tus,  from  conglohare, 
(con,  and  globus,  'a  ball,')  'to  collect,'  'to  gather 
into  a  ball.'     (F.)  Conglobe. 

Conglobate  Gland,  Glan'dula  congloba'ta, 
Glandala  3Iuco'sa,  Hydraden,  Globate  gland, 
Zymphat'ic  gan'glion,  (F.)  Glande  Conglobec, 
Ganglion  lymp)liatique.  A  round  body,  formed 
of  lymphatic  vessels,  connected  together  by  cel- 
lular structure,  but  having  neither  a  cavity  nor 
excretory  duct.  The  mesenteric,  inguinal  and 
axillary  glands  are  of  this  class. 

CONGLOBE,  Conglobate. 

CONGLOM'ERATE,  Couglomera'tus,  from  con, 
and  glomerare,  'to  gather  in  a  heap.'  Glom' erate, 
Glomera'tus,  (F.)  Conglomere.     Heaped  together. 

Conglom'erate  Glands,  Glan'dnla  eonglome- 
ra'tcB,  Glan'dulcB  vasculo'sre,  are  those  whose 
lobules  are  united  under  the  same  membrane  ; 
as  the  liver,  kidney,  testicle,  &o. 

CONGLOMERATIO  INTESTINORUM,  Epi- 
ploce  intestinalis. 

CONGLUTINANTIA,  Congelativa. 

CONGEES,  (F.)  Congress,  Congres'sus,  from 
eongredi,  congressus,  (con,  and  gradi,  'to  go,') 
'  to  go  together.'  This  term,  which  has  often 
been  used  synonymously  with  Coition,  means, 
also,  the  ocular  proof,  formerly  ordered  by  judi- 
cial authority,  in  the  presence  of  surgeoiis  and 
matrons,  to  test  the  impotence  or  capabilities  of 
parties  ; — a  most  unsatisfactory  and  indecent  ex- 
hibition. It  was  forbidden  by  the  Parliament 
of  Paris  in  the  year  1667. 

CONGRESSUS,  Coition. 

CONI  VASCULO'SI.  Conical  bundles,  formed 
by  the  vasa  efferentia  of  the  testis ;  having  their 
base  towards  the  epididymis,  into  the  tube  of 
which  they  enter. 

CONIA,  Kovia.  A  wine,  prepared  by  ferment- 
ing the  must  of  the  grape  on  tar  previously  washed 
io  sea-water. — Orfila.     See,  also,  Lixivium. 

CONIA  SIS,  Incrustation. 

CONIOSTOSIS,  Pulverization. 

CONIS,  Pulvis. 

CONISTERTUM,  Apodyterium. 

CONI'UM,  C.  macula'tum,  Corian' drum  macu- 
Wtum,  Cicuta  major  seu  macula'ta  seu  Stoerhii, 
A^i'otea,  Cicuta  terres'tiii,  Cicuta  major  foe' tida, 


C.  vulga'ris.  Common  Hemloch,  Ilemloch,  Poison 
parsley,  Sjjotted parsley,  (F.)  Cigue  ordinaire,  G. 
grande.  Nat.  Ord.  Umbellifersa.  Sex.  Syst. 
Pentandria  Digynia.  The  leaves  and  seeds  are 
narcotic  and  poisonous  in  an  over-dose.  Light 
destroys  the  virtues  of  the  leaves;  and,  therefore, 
the  powder  should  be  kept  in  opaque  bottles,  woll 
corked.  It  has  been  used  as  a  palliative  in  cancer 
and  other  painful  affections ;  but  is  not  equal  to 
opium..  Externally,  it  has  been  applied  in  fo- 
mentation to  cancerous  and  scrofulous  ulcers. 
Dose,  gr.  ij  to  x. 

Da'vidson's  Remedy  for  Cancer  is  said  to  con- 
sist of  powdered  hemloch  and  arsenious  acid. 

CoNiuM  Moscha'tum,  Aracacha.  A  very  agree- 
able and  nutritive  kind  of  tuberous  vegetable,  in 
flavour  not  unlike  celery,  which  grows  on  the 
coast  of  Peru,  but  is  more  abundant  on  the  pro- 
jecting ridges  of  the  Cordilleras,  and  on  the  east- 
ern declivity  of  the  Andes.  It  is  cooked  by  being 
either  simply  boiled  in  water,  or  made  into  a  kind 
of  soup. — Tschudi. 

CONJONCTIVE.  Conjunctiva. 

CONJONCTIVITE,  see  Ophthalmia— c.  Blen- 
norrJiaqique,  see  Ophthalmia. 

CONJUGAISON,  Conjugation. 

CONJUGA'TION,  Conjuga'tio,  from  conjugare, 
(con,  and  jugu'm,  'a  yoke,')  'to  yoke  together.' 
(F.)  Conjugaison.  Assemblage,  union, —  Conju'- 
gium. 

Conjugatio'nis  Foram'ina,  (F.)  Trous  de  con- 
jugaison. The  apertures  at  the  sides  of  the  spine, 
formed  by  the  union  of  the  notches  of  the  verte- 
brae. They  give  passage  to  the  nerves  of  the 
spinal  marrow,  and  to  the  vessels  which  enter  or 
issue  from  the  vertebral  canal. 

CONJUGIUM,  Coition,  Conjugation. 

CONJUNC'TI  (MORBI),  from  conjungere, 
(con  and  jungere,)  'to  join  together.'  Diseases  ■ 
joined  together.  Authors  have  distinguished 
two  kinds  of  these :  one,  in  which  the  diseases 
go  on  simultaneously — morbi  connex'i;  the  other, 
in  which  they  succeed  each  other — morbi  conse- 
quen'tes. 

CONJUNCTIO,  Articiilation. 

CONJUNCTIVA,  CUTICULAR,  Xerophthal- 
mia — c.  Granular,  Trachoma. 

Conjuncti'va  Membra'na,  Circumcaula'lia, 
Epipepth'ycos,  Tu'nica  agna'ta,  Tu'nica  adna'ta, 
T.  conjuncti'va,  Tunda  oc'idi,  (F.)  Conjonctive, 
Membi-ane  adnee.  A  mucous  membrane,  so  called 
because  it  unites  the  globe  of  the  eye  with  the 
eyelids.  It  covers  the  anterior  surface  of  the  eye, 
the  inner  surface  of  the  eyelids,  and  the  caruncula 
lachrymalis.  It  possesses  great  general  sensibi- 
lity, communicated  to  it  by  the  fifth  pair. 

CONJUNCTIVITIS,  Ophthalmia  — c.  ^gyp- 
tiaca,  Ophthalmia,  purulent — c.  Blennorrhagica, 
see  Ophthalmia  —  c.  Catarrhalis,  Ophthalmia, 
catarrhal  —  c.  Gonorrhoica,  see  Ophthalmia — e. 
Puro-mucosa  catarrhalis.  Ophthalmia,  catarrhal 
— c.  Puro-mucosa  contagiosa  vel  ^gyptiaca,  Oph- 
thalmia, purulent. 

CONJUNGENS,  Communicans. 

CONNATE,  from  eon  and  natus,  'born  with.' 

Connate  Diseases,  (F.)  Jfaladies  connees, 
Morbi  conna'ti,  are  such  as  an  individual  is  born 
with  :  —  connate  having  the  same  signification  as 
congenital.  A  difference  has  been  made  by  some, 
however;  those  diseases  or  conditions  which  are 
dependent  upon  original  conformation,  being 
called  congenital ;■ — -whilst  the  diseases  or  affec- 
tions that  may  have  supervened  during  gestation 
or  delivery,  are  termed  connate. 

CONNECTICUT,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
There  is  a  mineral  spring  at  Stafford,  in  this  state, 
twenty-four  miles  from  Hartford,  which  has  ob- 
tained more  celebrity  than  any  one  in  New  Eng- 


CONNERVATIO 


231 


CONSOMME 


land.  Its  principal  ingredients  are  iron  and  car- 
bonic acid.  It,  consequently,  belongs  to  the 
class  of  acidulous  chalybeates.  There  are  other 
springs  in  the  state,  of  which,  hoTf  ever,  little  that 
is  accurate  is  known. 

CONNERVATIO,  Syndesmosis. 

CONNEXIO  OSSIUM  CARNOSA,  Syssarco- 
sis — e.  CartUaginea,  Synchondrosis — c.  Ligamen- 
tosa,  Syndesmosis. 

CONiSrUTRI'TUS,  Sijn'trophos,  from  con, 
'with,'  and  nutrioi;  'I  am  nourished.'  A  dis- 
ease is  so  called  which  has  grown  up,  as  it  were, 
with  an  individual,  or  has  been  connate  with  him. 
— Hippocrates,  Galen. 

CONOID,  ConoVdeus,  Cono'i'des,  from  Kwvog,  '  a 
cone,'  and  eiSos,  '  shape.'  (F.)  Cono'ide.  Resem- 
bling a  cone. 

Conoid  Lia'AJrENT.  A  ligament,  passing  from 
the  coracoid  process  to  the  scapula,  and  forming 
part  of  the  coraco-clavicular  ligament  of  some 
anatomists. 

CONOIDAL  SUBSTANCE  OF  THE  KID- 
NEY, see  Kidney. 

CONOIDES  CORPUS,  Pineal  gland. 

CONOPIITHALMIA,  Staphyloma  cornece. 

CONQUASSANT,  (F.)  Conquassans,  from  con, 
'with,'  'together,'  and  quassare,  'to  shake.'  Dou- 
leurs  conquassantes  are  the  pains  of  parturition, 
at  the  time  of  their  greatest  intensity,  when  the 
head  is  engaged  in  the  pelvis. 

CONQUASSA'TION,  Oonquassa'tio,  Quassa'- 
tio,  Quassatn'ra.  Same  etymon.  A  pharmaceu- 
tical operation,  which  consists  in  dividing,  with 
a  pestle,  fresh  vegetables,  fruits,  &c.  See  Con- 
frication. 

CONQUASSATIONES  ANIMI,  Afifections  of 
the  mind. 

CONQUE,  Concha. 

CON'SCIOUSNESS,  DOUBLE.  A  somnam- 
bulistic condition,  in  which  the  individual  leads, 
as  it  were,  two  lives,  recollecting  in  each  condi- 
tion what  occurred  in  previous  conditions  of  the 
same  character,  but  knowing  nothing  of  the 
occurrences  of  the  other.  See  Duality  of  the 
Mind. 

CONSECUTIVE,  Consecuti'vus,  from  con, 
'with,'  and  sequor,  'to  follow. 

Consecutive  Phenom'ena  or  Symptoms,  (F.) 
Phenomencs  ou  accidens  consecutifs,  are  such  as 
appear  after  the  cessation  of  a  disease,  or,  accord- 
ing to  others,  during  its  decline ;  but  without 
having  any  direct  connexion  with  it. 

CONSENSUAL,  see  Instinctive. 

CONSENSUS,  Consent  of  parts.  Sympathy. 

Consen'sus  Oculc'rom.  The  intimate  asso- 
ciation between  the  two  eyes,  as  exemplified  in 
their  consentaneous  action  in  health,  and  often  in 
disease. 

CONSENT  OF  PARTS,  Consen'sus,  Consen'- 
sus par'tium,  Sympathi'a,  from  eon,  and  sentire, 
'to  feel;'  (F.)  Consentement  des  Parties.  That 
relation  of  different  parts  of  the  body  with  each 
other  which  is  more  commonly  denominated  sym- 
pathy. 

C0NSENTE3IENT  DES  PARTIES,  Con- 
sent of  parts. 

CONSERVA'TION,  Conserva'tio,  PJiylax'is, 
from  conservare,  [con,  smd  servare,)  'to  preserve;' 
(F.)  Conservation,  Asservafion.  The  art  of  pre- 
serving any  object  of  pharmacy,  any  remedial 
agent,  &c.,  from  decay. 

CONSER'VA,  Conserve.  Same  etymon.  A 
pharmaceutical  preparation,  composed  of  a  vege- 
table substance  and  a  sufficient  quantity  of  sugar. 
The  London  and  American  pharmacopoeias  pre- 
fer the  term  Confection. 

CoNSERVA  Absix'thii,  C.  ahsin'thH  marit'imi, 
Conserve  of  Wormwood.    [Leaves  ibj,  szu/ar  Wiiy) 


It  has  been  employed  as  a  tonic,  stomachic,  and 
vermifuge. 

CONSERVA  ANGEL'lCJE,(Ph. P.)  Conserved' Ange- 
liquc,  C.  of  Aiigel'ica.  [Pulp  of  root  250  parts ; 
ii:hite  sugar,  boiled  in  a  decoction  of  the  root, 
and  reduced  to  the  consistence  of  a  solid  electu- 
arj^,  1000  parts.)  It  is  tonic,  aromatic,  and  sto- 
machic. 

CoNSERVA  DE  A'pio  Grateolen'te  (Ph.  P.), 
Conserve  d' Ache,  Conserve  of  Smallage.  Prepared 
like  the  preceding.  Reputed  to  have  the  same 
properties. 

CoNSEEVA  Ari,  Conserve  of  Arum.  [Fresh 
root  Ibss,  sugar  H)iss.)  Esteemed  to  be  diuretic 
and  stimulant. 

CoNSERTA  AuRANTii,  Confectio  aurantiorum — ■ 
c.  Cassias,  Confectio  cassiae — c.  Citri  aurantii, 
Confectio  aurantiorum. 

CoNSERVA  Cochlea'ri^  Horten'sis,  Conserve 
of  Lemon  Scurvy  Grass.  [Leaves  Ibj,  sugar  Ibiij.) 
Reputed  to  be  stimulant  and  antiscorbutic. 

Conserva  Corticis  Exterioris  Adrantii 
HiSPALENSis,  Confectio  aurantiorum  —  c.  Corti- 
cum  aurantiorum,  Confectio  aurantiorum  —  c. 
Florum  rosarum  rubrarum,  Confectio  rosse  Gal- 
lieaj  —  c.  Cynosbati,  Confectio  rosse  canine  —  e. 
Cynorrhodi,  Confectio  rosee  caninas  —  c.  Flavedi- 
nis  corticis  aurantiorum  Hispalensium,  Confectio 
aurantiorum. 

CoNSERVA  Ltr'jtTLjE,  C.  Folto'rumlu'jidm,  Con- 
serve of  Woodsorrel.  [Leaves  ftij,  sugar  Ibiij.) 
G-ratefully  acid  and  refrigerant. 

CoxsERVA  MENTHiE,  C.  MentJicB  foUo'rum,  C. 
Mentha  sati'vcs,  Conserve  of  Mint.  [Leaves  Ibj, 
sugar  Hbiij.)     Stomachic  in  nausea  and  vomiting. 

CoNSERVA  Pruni  Sylves'tris,  Pulpia  2iruno'- 
rum  sylves'trium  condi'ta,  C.  PriincB  sylvestris, 
Conserve  of  Sloes,  [Pulp  1  part,  sugar  3  parts.) 
Possessed  of  astringent  properties. 

CoNSERVA  Ros^,  Confectio  ros»  Gallicas — e. 
Ros£8  eaninas,  Confectio  rosse  caninse  —  c.  Roste 
GallicEe,  Confectio  rosas  GallicEe. 

CoNSERVA  SciLL^,  Conserve  of  Squill.  [Fresh 
squills  ^j,  sugar  §x.)  Possesses  the  diuretic  and 
other  virtues  of  the  squill. 

CONSERVE,  Conserva,  see  Confectio  — c. 
d'Ache,  Conserva  de  apio  graveolente  —  c.  of 
Aloes,  Conserva  pruni  sylvestris  —  c.  of  Lemon 
scurvy  grass,  Conserva  cochlearise  hortensis  —  c. 
of  Mint,  Conserva  menthse  —  c.  of  Orange,  Con- 
fectio aurantiorum  —  c.  of  Roses  (red),  Confectio 
rosse  gallicffi  —  c.  of  Smallage,  Conserva  de  apio 
graveolente  —  c.  of  Woodsorrel,  Conserva  lujulaa 
—  c.  of  Wormwood,  Conserva  absinthii. 

CONSER  VES,  Spectacles. 

CONSIDEN'TIA.  This  word  has  two  accep- 
tations. 1.  It  is  synonymous  with  Ajxjcatastasis  ; 
and,  2.  It  signifies  contraction  of  any  cavity  or 
canal : — See  Synezisis. 

CONSISTEiSf'TIA.  A  Latin  term  employed 
in  two  senses.  1.  When  joined  to  the  word  Morhi 
or  uEtatis,  it  expresses  the  acme  of  a  disease,  or 
the  age  at  which  the  constitution  has  acquired 
its  full  strength.  2.  By  Consisten'tia  humo'ris  is 
meant  the  density  of  a  humour. 

CONSOLIDA  MAJOR,  Symphytum  — c.  Me- 
dia, Ajuga,  Chrysanthemum  leucanthemum  —  c. 
Minor,  Prunella — e.  Regalis,  Delphinium  conso- 
lida  —  c.  Rubra,  Tormentil — c.  Saraeenica,  Soli  • 
dago  virgaurea. 

CONSOLIDAN'TIA,    Consolidati'va   Medico 
men'ta,  from  con,  and  solidus,  solid.     Substances, 
formerly  given  for  the  purpose  of  consolidating 
wounds,  or  strengthening  cicatrices. 

CONSOLIDATIVA,  Consolidantia. 

CONSOMME,  Consumma' tun,  Zomos.  Soup, 
strongly  charged  with  gelatin,  and  consequently 
very  nutritious,  although  not  proportionably  easy 
of  digestion. 


CONSOMPTION 


232 


CONSUETUDO 


CONSOMPTION,  Consumption. 

•CONSONANCE,  see  Sound. 

CON'SONANT,  Con'sonans,  from  eonaotio,  'to 
Bound  together/  (con,  'with/  and  so«o,  'to  sound/) 
because  it  is  generally  believed  that  a  consonant 
cannot  bo  properly  expressed,  except  when  con- 
joined with  a  vowel.  Physiologically,  a  breath, 
or  a  sound  produced  in  the  larynx,  which  suffers 
more  or  less  interruption  in  its  passage  through 
the  vocal  tube. 

CONSORTIUM,  Sympathy. 

CONSOUDE,  GRANDE,  Symphytum. 

CONSOUND,  MIDDLE,  Ajuga. 

CONSPERSIO,  Catapasma. 

CONSPICILLA,  Spectacles. 

CONSPIRATIO,  Sympathy. 
_  CONSTELLA'TUM  UNGUEN'TUM.  An 
ointment  composed  of  cleansed  earthworms ! 
dried  and  pulverized;  and  of  the  fat'of  the  bear 
or  wild  boar.  It  was  formerly  employed  in  tooth- 
aeh,  and  to  hasten  the  cicatrization  of  wounds. 

CONSTERNATIO,  Stupor. 

CON'STIPATED,  Constipa'tus.  (P.)  ConstlpL 
Aifected  with  constipation.     Costive. 

CONSTIPATIO,  Constipation,  Stegnosis. 

CONSTIPA'TION,  Constipa' tio,  from  consti- 
pare,  {con  and  stipare,)  '  to  cram  close.'  Obsti- 
pa'lio,  Adstric'tio,  Arcta'tio,  Ohstipa'tio  seu  Be- 
ten'tio  alvi'na,  Ischocoi'lia,  Alviis  adstric'ta,  A. 
Tarda,  A.  Dura,  Obstruc'tio  seu  Suppres'sio  alvi, 
O.  Ductus  alimenta'rii,  0.  intestina'iis,  Torpor 
intestino'rum,  Sti/psis,  Oonstipa'tio  aid,  Copros'- 
tasis,  Acop'ria,  Acopro'sis,  Guproepis' chesis,  lacho- 
cop'ria,  Dyscoi'lia,  (F.)  Echauffement,  Ventre 
resserre,  Cost'iveness,  Facal  Reten'tion,  Alvine 
obstruction.  A  state  of  the  bowels,  in  which  the 
evacuations  do  not  take  place  as  frequently  as 
usual;  or  are  inordinately  hard,  and  expelled 
with  difficulty.  It  may  be  owing  either  to  dimi- 
nished action  of  the  muscular  coat  of  the  intes- 
tines, or  to  diminished  secretion  from  the  mucous 
membrane,  or  to  both.  Cathartics  will  usually 
remove  it;  after  which  its  exciting  and  predis- 
ponent  causes  must  be  inquired  into  and  obviated 
to  render  the  cure  permanent. 

CONSPIPATUS,  Constipated. 

GONSTIPE,  Constipated. 

CONSTITUBNS,  Vehicle,  see  Prescription. 

CONSTITUTIO,  Constitution,  Habit  of  body 
—  c.  Aeris,  Constitution  of  the  atmosphere — c. 
Epidemica,  Constitution,  epidemic  —  c.  Nervosa, 
.Nervous  diathesis. 

CONSTITU'TION,  Gonstitu'tio,  Catas'tasis, 
Status,  from  con,  and  statuere,  from  stare,  'to 
stand.'  A  collection  of  several  parts,  forming  a 
whole.  In  medicine,  Constitution  means  the  state 
of  all  the  organs  of  the  human  body  considered 
in  regard  to  their  special  and  relative  arrange- 
ment, order,  or  activity.  A  good  constitution  is 
one  in  which  every  organ  is  well  developed,  and 
endowed  with  due  energy,  so  that  all  perform 
their  functions  with  equal  facility.  Any  want  of 
equilibrium  in  their  development  and  energy 
forms  a  difference  in  the  constitution.  We  say 
that  a  man  is  of  a  good  or  robust,  a  delicate  or 
weak  constitution,  when  he  is  commonly  healthy, 
or  commonly  labouring  under,  or  unusually  sus- 
ceptible of,  disease. 

Constitu'tion  of  the  At'mosphere,  Gonstitu'- 
tio A'eris,  (F.)  Constitution  Atmospherique.  The 
condition  of  the  atmosphere,  as  regards  dryness 
ar;d  humidity,  temperature,  heaviness,  direction 
of  the  winds,  &c.,  considered  as  respects  its  in- 
fluence on  the  animal  economy. 

CoxsTiTUTiON,  Epidem'ic,  Gonstitu'tio  epidem'- 
ica,  3/ed'ical  Constitution,  (F.)  Constitution  me- 
dicale,  C.  ipidimique.   The  aggregate  of  meteor- 


I  ological  conditions,  so  far  as  they  are  appreciable, 
during  which  diseases  prevail  epidemically. 

CONSTITU'TIONAL,  (F.)  Gonstitutionnel. 
Belonging  to  the  constitution  of  an  individual; 
to  his  manner  of  being  ;  as  constitutional  phthisis, 
c.  gout,  ifcc.  By  some,  this  epithet  has  been  given 
to  diseases,  produced  by  the  constitution  of  the 
atmosphere;  but  this  acceptation  is  not  common. 

CONSTRICTEURS  DE  LA  VULVE,  Con- 
strictores  cunni — c.  du  Vagin,  Constriotores  cunni. 

CONSTRICTIO,  Astriction,  Systole. 

CONSTRICTIVA,  Styptics. 

CONSTRICTOR,  from  constringere,  {con,  and 
stringere,)  'to  bind.'  (F.)  Constrictexir.  That 
which  binds  in  a  circular  direction.  A  sphincter. 
Different  muscles  are  so  called. 

Constrictor  Ani,  Sphincter  ani  externus  —  c. 
of  Nuck,  Compressor  of  Nuok. 

CoHSTRicTOEES  Alaeum  Nasi,  Depressor  aJae 
nasi. 

Constricto'res  Cunni,  C  Yagi'va  seu  Vulccr, 
Clitor'idis  inferio'res  lati  et  pilani  mua'cxdi, 
Sp)hincter  Vagi'ncB,  (F.)  Constricteurs  du  vagin, 
C.  de  la  Vulve.  Small  muscles,  which  originate 
benea,th  the  clitoris,  descend  along  the  sides  of 
the  vagina,  and  terminate  by  becoming  con- 
founded with  the  transversus  perincei  and  exter- 
nal sphincter  ani  muscles.  Their  use  is  to  con- 
tract the  entrance  of  the  vagina. 

CONSTRICTORES    ISTHMI    FAUCITJII,     GloSSOStiN- 

phylinus. 

Constricto'res  Laryn'gis.  Lieutaud  describes, 
under  the  name  Grand  constricteur  du  Larynx, 
the  muscle  Crico-aryteno'ideus  latera'lis  with  tho 
Thyro-arytenoideus. 

Constricto'res  Nasi,  Compressor  naris. 

Constrictor  Q31soph'agi,  Constrictor  of  the 
(Esojoh' ctgus,  (F.)  Constricteur  de  I' OEsopjhage, 
Muscle  oesophagien.  A  fasciculus  of  fleshy,  cir- 
cular fibres,  at  the  upper  part  of  the  oesophagus. 

Constrictores  Oris,  Orbicularis  oris — e.  Pal- 
pebrarum, Orbicularis  palpebrarum. 

Constricto'res  Pharyn'gis,  Constrictors  of 
the  Pharynx,  Sphincter  Gulm.  Muscular  expan- 
sions which  assist  in  forming  the  parietes  of  the 
pharynx.  Three  of  these  are  generally  admitted. 
1.  The  Constric'tor  Pharyn'gis  infe'rior,  Crico- 
Pharynf/eus  and  Thyro-^jharyngeus,  (F.)  Crico- 
thyro-pharyngien.  It  is  broad,  very  thin,  quad- 
rilateral, seated  superficially,  extending  from  the 
thyroid  and  cricoid  Cartilages  as  far  as  the  middle 
of  the  pharynx,  and  uniting,  on  the  median  line, 
with  that  of  the  opposite  side.  2.  The  Constrictor 
Pharyngis  Me'dius,  Hyo-pharyngeus  and  Chon- 
dro-pharyngeus, Syndes'mo-pharyngeus,  CF.) Uyo- 
glosso-basi-piharyngien,  occupies  the  middle  part 
of  the  pharynx.  It  is  triangular,  and  attached, 
antei-iorly,  to  the  great  and  little  cornu  of  the  os 
hyoides  ;  to  the  stylohyoid  ligament;  and  termi- 
nates, posteriorly,  by  joining  its  fellow  of  the 
opposite  side.  3.  The  Constrictor  Pharyngis  su- 
pe'rior,  Geph'alo-pharyngeus,  Glosso-jiharyngeus, 
Mylo-pharyngeus,  Pter'ygo-pharyngeus,  [¥.)Pte- 
rygo-syndesmo-staphili-piharyngien,  is  quadrilate- 
ral, and  extends  from  the  internal  ahi  of  the 
pterygoid  process,  from  the  inter-maxillary  liga- 
ment, from  the  internal  oblique  line  of  the  jaw, 
and  from  the  base  of  the  tongue  to  the  posterior 
part  of  the  pharynx. 

The  constrictors  of  tne  pharynx  contract  it. 
They  can  likewise  approximate  the  ends  to  each 
other.  Chaussier  considers  those  and  the  styh- 
pharyngcus  as  but  one  muscle,  and  includes  all 
under  this  last  name. 

CoNSTincTORES  Vaginae,  C.  cunni — c.  ValvjB, 
C.  cunni. 

CONSTRINGENTIA,  Astringents,  Styptics. 

CONSUETUDO,  Uabit— c.  Menstrua,  Ment,08. 


CONSULTATION 


233 


CONTINUITY 


CONSULTA'TION,  Consulta'U'o,  Delihera'tio, 
Coenolog"ia,  Oonten'tio,  Si/mboleu'sis,  from  consu- 
lere,  consultum,  'to  hold  council.'  This  word  has 
several  acceptations.  In  English,  it  means,  al- 
most always,  the  meeting  of  two  or  more  practi- 
tioners, to  deliberate  on  any  particular  case  of 
disease.  In  France,  it  signifies  the  written  result 
of  such  deliberations,  as  well  as  the  opinion  of  a 
phj^sician,  given  to  a  patient,  who  consults  him, 
either  personally  or  by  writing. 
•  CONSULT'ING  PHYSICIAN  or  SUR- 
GEON, (F.)  dfedecin  ou  Chiran/ien  consultant. 
One  who  consults  with  the  attending  practitioner, 
regarding  any  ease  of  disease.  Some  physicians, 
surgeons,  and  accoucheurs  confine  themselves  to 
consulting  practice. 

CONSUMMATUM,  Consomme. 

CONSUMMA'TUS,  from  eon,  cum,  'with,'  and 
s^immus,  'the  whole.'  Confirmed;  established; 
developed, — as  Phthisis  consumma' ta,  'confirmed 
consumption.' 

CONSUMP'TION,  from  consumere,  {con  and 
nmiere,)  'to  waste  away;'  Consunqi'tio,  Gonsum'- 
tio,  Syntex'is,  (F.)  Consomption.  Progressive 
emaciation  or  wasting  away.  This  condition 
precedes  death  in  the  greater  part  of  chronic  dis- 
eases, and  particularly  in  phthisis  jmbHonalis  ; 
on  this  account  it  is,  that  phthisis  has  received 
the  name  consumption. — See  Phthisis.  Fievre  de 
Consomption,  Consumptive  fever,  is  the  same  as 
Hectic  fever. 

Consumption  of  the  Bow^els,  Enterophthisis — 
C  Pulmonary,  Phthisis  pulmonalis. 

CONSUMPTI'VA.  Same  etymology.  Caus- 
tics, used  for  the  destruction  of  fungi.  Burnt 
alum,  lunar  caustic,  &c.,  were  formerly  so  called. 

CONSUMTIO,  Consumption. 

CONTABESCEN'TIA,  from  confabescere,  (eon 
«nd  tahescere,)  'to  grow  lean.'  Consumption, 
iuarasmus,  atrophy,  &c. 

CONTACT,  Contac'tus,  from  con  and  tangere, 
'  to  touch.'  The  state  of  two  bodies  that  touch 
each  other.  In  the  theory  of  contagiovis  diseases, 
we  distinguish  immediate  or  direct  contact,  as 
when  we  touch  a  patient  labouring  under  one  of 
those  diseases;  and  mediate  or  indirect  contact, 
when  we  touch,  not  the  patient  himself,  hut  ob- 
jects that  have  touched  or  emanated  from  him. 
The  air  is,  most  commonly,  the  medium  by  which 
this  last  kind  of  contact  is  efl'ected. 

CONTA'GION,  Conta'gio,  Conta'ges,  Conta'- 
gium,  Ajiorrhoe'a,  Apoc'rysis.  Same  etymon. 
The  transmission  of  a  disease  from  one  person  to 
another  by  direct  or  indirect  contact.  The  term 
has,  also,  been  applied,  by  some,  to  the  action  of 
miasmata  arising  from  dead  animal  or  vegetable 
matter,  bogs,  fens,  ko.,  but  in  this  sense  it  is  now 
abandoned.  Contagious  diseases  are  produced 
either  by  a  virus,  capable  of  causing  them  by 
inoculation,  as  in  small-pox,  cow-pox,  hj^dropho- 
bia,  syphilis,  ttc,  or  by  miasmata,  proceeding 
from  a  sick  individual,  as  in  plague,  typhus  gra- 
vior,  and  in  measles  and  scarlatina.  Scrofula, 
phthisis  pulmonalis,  and  cancer,  have,  by  some, 
been  esteemed  contagious,  but  apparently  with- 
out foundation.  Physicians  are,  indeed,  by  no 
means  unanimous  in  deciding  what  diseases  are 
contagious,  and  what  not.  The  contagion  of 
plague  and  typhus,  especially  of  the  latter,  is 
denied  by  many.  It  seems  probable,  that  a  dis- 
ease may  be  contagious  under  certain  cu-cum- 
stances  and  not  under  others.  A  case  of  common 
fever,  arising  from  common  causes,  as  from  cold, 
if  the  patient  be  kept  in  a  close,  foul  situation, 
may  be  converted  into  a  disease,  capable  of  pro- 
ducing emanations,  which  may  excito  a  similar 
disease  in  those  exposed  to  them.  Contagion  and 
infection  are   generally  esteemed  synonymous. 


Frequently,  however,  the  former  is  applied  to 
diseases  not  produced  by  contact;  as  measles, 
scarlet  fever,  &c.,  whilst  infection  is  used  for 
those  that  require  positive  contact;  as  itch,  sy- 
philis, &c.,  and  conversely.  Diseases,  which 
cannot  be  produced  in  any  other  way  than  by 
contagion,  are  said  to  have  their  origin  in  specific- 
contagion  ;  as  small-pox,  cow-pox,  measles,  hy- 
drophobia, sj'philis,  <tc.  Those  which  are  pro- 
duced by  contagion,  and  yet  are  supposed  to  be 
sometimes  owing  to  other  causes,  are  said  to  arise 
from  common  contagion;  as  typhus,  cynanche 
parotidsea,  &c. 

CONTA'GIONIST.  One  who  believes  in  the 
contagious  character  of  a  particular  disease,  —  as 
of  yellow  fever. 

CONTA'GTOUS,  Contagio'sus.  Capable  of  be- 
ing transmitted  by  mediate  or  immediate  contact; 
— as  a  contagious  disease,  contagious  fever,  conta- 
gious ejfluvia,  &.C. 

CONTAGIUM,  Contadon,  Miasm. 
CONTEMPLABILES^DIES,  Cvitical  days. 
CONTEMPLATIF,  (F.)  Contemplati'vus,  [con 
and  templum.)  Appertaining  to  contemplation. 
The  predominant  idea  of  the  melancholic  —  of 
the  monomaniac  —  is  sometimes  called  conteni^ 
plative. 

CONTEMPLATIO,  Catalepsy. 
CONTEMPLATIVUS,  Contemplatif. 
CONTENSIO,  Tension. 
•  CONTENTIO,  Consultation. 
CONTEX'TURE,  Contextu'ra,  Co7itex'tus,  from 
con  and   texere,    (quasi  tegsere,  from  tegere,   '  to 
cover,')  '  to  weave,'  '  to  make  a  web.'    Arrange- 
ment of  parts;  — texture.     A  name  given,  meta- 
phorically, to  the  structure  of  organized  bodies: 
as  the  contexture  of  muscles,  fibres,  &c.     See  Tis- 
sue, and  Texture. 

CONTIGUITY,  DI ARTHROSIS  OP,  see 
Continuity. 

CON'TINENCE,  Continen'tia,  from  continere, 

(con  and  tenere,   '  to  hold  or  keep,' )  '  to  contain 

oneself ;' 'to  restrain.'  Restraint.  Abstinence  from, 

or  moderation  in,  the  pleasures  of  physical  love. 

CONTINENS,  Continent. 

CON'TINENT,  Continents.  Restrained.  This 
word  is  synonymous,  also,  with  Continiced;  (F.) 
Continu. 

Continent  Cause,  Causa  conjunc'ta,  is  a  cause, 
real  or  presumed,  which,  having  given  rise  to  a 
disease,  continues  to  act  during  the  whole  of  its 
duration.  It  may  he  considered  synonymous 
with  proximate  cause.  A  continent  fever,  Febris 
continens,  is  one  which  preserves  during  its  whole 
course,  the  same  degree  of  intensity,  without  any 
remission  or  seusible  exacerbation.  A  disease 
which  continues  uninterruptedly,  has  been  also 
called  yEipathei'a,  Aeipathei'a  or  Aipathi'a. 
CONTINENTIA,  Continence. 
CONTIN'UED  FEVER,  Febris  contin'ua,  F. 
con'tinens,  F.  anabat'ica,  F.  assid'ua.  A  fever 
which  presents  no  interruption  in  its  course. 
Continued  fevers  form  a  division  in  the  class 
PyrexicB  of  Cullen,  and  include  three  genera, — 
Synocha,  Synochus,  and  Typhus.  It  is  proper  to 
remark,  that  some  of  the  older  writers  make  a 
distinction  between  the  continual  fever,  avvi')(rii, 
febris  continua,  and  the  synochus  or  febris  conti- 
nens. Thus,  Rhases  states  that  the  synochus  or 
continens  is  a  fever,  which  consists  of  one  pa- 
roxysm from  beginning  to  end;  whilst  the  conti- 
nua is  allied  to  intermittents. 

CONTINU'ITY,  Continu'itas.  An  ftdhesioB 
of  two  things  between  each  other,  so  that  they 
cannot  be  separated  without  fracture  or  laceration. 
Continuity,  Diaethro'ses  or,  (F.)  Diarthrosea 
de  Continiiite,  are  movable  joints,  in  which  the 
bones  are  continuous,  but  do  not  touch  imia«« 


CONTONBINT 


234 


CONTRO-STIMULUS 


diately,  there  being  between  them  a  ligamentous  ! 
substance,  whose  flexibility  permits  motion.  The 
vertebral  articulations  are  examples  of  this.  Di- 
ARTHROSES  OF  CoNTlGu'lTY,  Biarthroses  de  Conti- 
guit'i,  on  the  other  hand,  are  movable  articula- 
tions, in  which  the  bones  axe  not  continuous,  but 
touch  by  surfaces  covered  with  a  cartilaginous 
layer,  which  is  always  moistened  by  synovia. 

Continuity,  Solution  of,  Solu'tio  eontin'tii,  is 
any  division  of  parts,  previously  continuous. 
Wounds  and  fractures  are  solutions  of  continuity. 
The  v/ord  C'ontimiiti/ is  OT[)])osed  to  Contiguity :  the 
latter  meaning  the  condition  of  two  things  which 
are  near  each  other,  or  touch  without  uniting. 
There  is  contiguity  between  the  head  of  the  hu- 
merus and  the  glenoid  cavity  of  the  scapula,  but 
not  continuity. 

CONTONDANT,  Contunding. 
CONTORSIO,  Contorsion— c.  Columnse  verte- 
bralis,  Rhachiostrophosis. 

CONTOR'SION,  Contor'tio,  from  contorq%ieo, 
(con  smd.  torquere,  'to  wring,')  'I  twist  about.' 
Violent  movement  of  a  part,  accompanied  with  a 
kind  of  torsion  ;  as  contortion  of  the  face. 

CONTRAAPERTU'RA,  fromcontra,  'against,' 
and  aperio,  'I  open.'  A  counter-opening ;  Con- 
tra-incis' io,  Incis'io  prio'ri  opp>o'8ita,  (F.)  Contre- 
onverture.  An  incision,  made  in  the  most  depend- 
ing part  of  a  wound  or  abscess,  when  the  first 
opening  is  not  situate  in  a  manner  favourable  for 
the  discharge  of  the  pus. 

CONTRAEXTENSIO,  Counter-extension. 
CONTRACTILE,    Contrac'tilis,  from  contra- 
here,  [coii  and  trahere,)  'to  draw  together.'     Ca- 
pable of  contracting.      The  fibre  of  muscles  is 
contractile.  _, 

CONTRACTILITE,  Contractility— c.  par  cU- 
faiit  d' Extension,  Elasticity  —  c.  de  Tissu,  Elas- 
ticity. 

CONTRACTIL'ITY,  Contractu' Has:  same  ety- 
mon ;    (F.)   Gontractilite.      That  vital  property, 
which  gives,  to  certain  parts,  the  power  of  con- 
ti-acting.  The  muscles  of  locomotion  are  endowed 
with  a  power  o{  voluntary  contractility,   or  one 
dependent  immediately  on  the  action  of  the  brain : 
—  the  muscles  of  the  viscera  of  digestion,  and 
other  internal  organs,  enjoy  an  involuntary  con- 
tractility.    Contractility  and  irritability  are  fre- 
quently used  synonymously  to  signify  the  pro- 
perty possessed  by  any  tissue  of  contracting  on 
the  application  of  an  appropriate  stimulus. 
CoSTKACTiLiTY,  Irritability. 
CONTRACTIO  CORDIS,  Systole. 
CONTRACTION,  Contrac'tio.  Same  etymon  ; 
Sys'tole.    Action  of  contracting.    When  we  speak 
of  the  contraction  of  a  muscle,  we  mean  the  phe- 
nomenon it  exhibits  during  the  time  it  is  in  action. 
CONTRACTOR  UTERI,  Abortive. 
CONTRACTU'RA.  Same  etymon.  Aeamp'sia, 
Enta'sia   articula'ris,   Rigor  ar'tuum,   Muscular 
Stiff-joint.     A  state   of  permanent  rigidity  and 
progressive  atrophy  of  the  flexor  muscles,  which 
prevents  the  motions  of  extension  beyond  a  cer- 
tain limit.    The  affected  muscles  form  hard  cords 
beneath  the  skin.     On  dissection,  they  are  found 
converted  into  tendinous  fibres,  the  fleshy  fibres 
having  almost  disappeared,  when  the  disease  has 
been  of  any  duration.     It  succeeds,  freciuently, 
oiher  diseases,  particularly  rheumatism,  neural- 
gia, con-vTilsions,  syphilis,  colica  pictonum,   &c. 
The  warm  bath,  vapour  bath,  or  thermal  waters, 
oleaginous  embrocations,   mechanical    extension 
of  the  limbs,  &c.,  are  the  chief  means  of  treatment. 
CONTRAFISSU'RA,    from   contra,  'against,' 
aiid Jindo,Jissum,  'I  cleave;'  Bepercus'aio,  Beson'- 
i(H!>,  Oatag'ma  Fisaura  contraja'eens,  Apeche'ma, 
Anticom'ma,  Antic'ope,  Anticru'sis,  Anticriisma, 
luj'ortu'nium,  Counterstroke,  (F.)  Contre-coup,  Con- 


tre-fente,  Contre-fractwre.  A  fracture,  contusion, 
or  injury,  produced,  by  a  blow,  in  a  part  distant 
from  that  which  is  struck.  Five  species  of  contra- 
fissurcB  or  contre-coups   may  occur  in  the  skull. 

1.  When  the  internal  table  yields  and  fractures, 

2.  When  the  bone  breaks  in  any  other  part  than 
the  one  struck.  3.  When  a  bone,  which  has  been 
struck,  remains  iminjured,  and  its  neighbour  is 
fractured.  4.  When  the  bone  is  fractured  in  a 
place  diametrically  opposite  to  that  struck,  as  in 
fractures  at  the  base  of  the  cranium,  from  a  fall 
on  the  vertex ;  and  lastly,  when  the  violence  of 
the  blow  produces  a  separation  of  the  neighbour- 
ing or  distant  sutures.  These  fractures  of  the 
skull  are  also  called  Fractures  par  resonnance. 

CONTRAHENTIA,  Astringents,  Styptics. 

CONTRAINCISIO,  Contra-apertura. 

CONTRAINDICATIO,  Counter-indication. 

CONTRAIRRITATIO,  Counter-Lrritation. 

CONTRALUNA'RIS,  from  contra,  'against,' 
and  Z if n a,  'the  moon.'  An  epithet  for  a  woman 
who  conceives  during  the  menstrual  discharge. — 
Dietrich. 

CONTRASTIMULANS,  Contro-stimulants. 

CONTRAYERVA,  Dorstenia  contrayerra— c. 
Balls,  Pulvis  contrayervffi  compositus- — c.  Lisbon, 
Dorstenia  contrayerva — c.  Mexican,  Psoralea 
pentaphylla — c.  Nova,  Psoralea  pentaphyUa — c. 
Virginiana,  Aristolochia  serpentaria. 

CONTBECOUP,  Contra-fissura. 

CONTBEEXTENSWN,  Counter-extension. 

CONTREFENTE,  Contra-fissura. 

CONTBEFBA  CTURE,  Contra-fissura. 

GONTREtNDICA  TION,  Counter-indication. 

CONTBEO  U YER  TUBE,  Contra-apertura. 

CONTREXEVILLE,  MINERAL  WATERS 
OF.  Contrexeville  is  a  town  in  France  in  the 
department  of  Vosges,  four  leagues  from  Neuf- 
chateau.  The  waters  contain  carbonate  of  iron, 
chloride  of  calcium,  and  carbonate  of  lime,  chlo- 
ride of  sodium,  a  bituminous  substance,  and  free 
carbonic  acid.  They  are  frequented  by  those 
labouring  under  cutaneous,  scrofulous,  and  cal- 
culous aifections. 

CONTRIT"IO,  Syntrim'ma,  Syntrip'sis,  Tri- 
tu'ra,  Tritus,  Trit"io,  Tripsis,  from  contero,  '1 
bruise  or  make  small :'  Comminu'tion,  Tritiiration. 

CONTROSTIM'ULANT,  Contrastim'ulans, 
IJyposthen'ie,  iroxa  contra,  'against,'  a.nd  stimulus, 
'  that  which  excites.'  A  substance  that  possesses 
a  particular,  debilitating  projjerty,  acting  upon 
the  excitability  in  a  manner  opfiosite  to  stimulus. 
A  name  given  to  therapeutical  agents,  which,  ac- 
cording to  the  Italian  theory  of  Gontro-stivndtta, 
are  endowed  with  the  property  of  diminishing 
excitement  by  a  specific  action.  These  agents 
are  by  no  means  clearly  defined. 

CO'NTROSTIMULUS.  Same  etymon.  The 
name  given  by  Rasori,  about  thirty  years  ago,  to 
a  new  medical  doctrine,  of  which  he  was  the  ori- 
ginator— La  nuova  Dottrina  Uedica  Italiana.  Ifc 
is  founded  on  the  eontro-stimulant  property  attri- 
buted to  a  certain  number  of  medicines.  In  this 
doctrine,  as  in  that  of  Brown,  under  the  name  ex- 
citability, a  fundamental  principle  of  physiology 
is  admitted,  bj^  vii-tue  of  which  living  beings  are 
endowed  with  an  aptitude  for  feeling  the  action 
of  external  agents  or  exciting  influences,  and 
of  reacting  on  these  influences.  AVhen  this 
excitability  is  too  great,  there  is  excess  of  stimu- 
lus or  Uypersthcni'a :  when  too  little,  there  is 
deficiency  or  Hypostheni'a.  Diseases,  (/cneco/ and 
local,  are  divided  into  three  great  classes,  or  into, 
1.  Hy2'>crsth.enic ;  2.  HyiiostJienic ;  3.  Irritative, 
The  eontro-stimulant  physicians  admit  only  two 
classes  of  medicines — stimidants  and  eontro-%li- 
mulants. 


CONTUNDINa 


235 


CONVOLVULUS 


COZ^TUlSrO'II^G,  Oontu'sinfj,  Contun'dcns,  ^rom 
contundere,  (con  and  tundere,)  'to  bruise.'  (F.) 
Gontondant.  That  which  causes  contusions.  An 
epithet  given  to  round,  blunt,  vulnerating  pro- 
jectiles, which  bruise  or  lacerate  parts  without 
cutting  them. 

GO'NTUS,  Contused, 

CONTUS,  Penis. 

CONTU'SED.  Same  etymon.  (F.)  Oontiis. 
Affected  with  contusion.  Thus  we  say  —  a  core- 
tused  wound. 

CONTU'SION,  Contu'sio,  a  Bruise,  ColUs'io, 
Phlasma,  Thlasis,  TMaa'ma,  Th.  contu'sio,  lihege, 
Rhegma,  Bher/mus,  Famex,  Famis,  Famix,  (F.) 
Meurtrissnre.  Same  etymon.  An  injury  or  lesion 
— arising  from  the  impulse  of  a  body  with  a  blunt 
surface — which  presents  no  loss  of  substance,  and 
no  apparent  wound.  If  the  skin  be  divided,  the 
injury  takes  the  name  of  contused  wound.  The 
differences  of  contusions,  as  to  extent,  are  of 
course  infinite.  When  slight,  the  blood  stagnates 
in  the  capillaries  of  the  skin,  or  is  effused  into  the 
subcutaneous  areolar  tissue.  Time  and  cold  ap- 
plications remove  it.  When  the  texture  of  the 
parts  has  been  lacerated,  there  is  effusion  of 
blood,  with  more  or  less  torpor  in  the  part. 
Cooling  applications,  general  or  topical  bleeding, 
emollients,  poultices,  Ac,  are  here  necessary, 
according  to  circumstances.  In  the  severest 
kinds  of  contusion,  all  the  soft  and  solid  parts, 
except  the  skin,  are  bruised,  and,  at  times,  re- 
duced to  a  kind  of  pap.  When  the  disorganiza- 
tion is  to  this  extent,  there  is  no  hope  except  in 
amputation.  A  deep  contusion  of  the  soft  parts 
has  been  called  Sarcoth'lasis,  and  Sarcothlas'ma. 

CONUS  ARTERIO'SUS,  Infundib'ulumof  the 
heart.  The  portion  of  the  right  ventricle  from 
which  the  pulmonary  artery  proceeds,  forms  a 
prominence  on  the  right  side  of  the  anterior  fur- 
row of  the  heart,  and  is  prolonged  towards  the 
left,  becoming  narrower  at  the  same  time,  so  as 
to  form  a  funnel-shaped  projection,  which  ex- 
tends a  little  beyond  the  base  of  the  ventricles. 
This  is  the  Conus  arteriosus. 

CoNus  Vasculosus,  see  Coni  Vasculosi. 

CONVALES'CENCE,  Convalescen'tia,  Ana- 
lep'ais,  Anas'tasis,  Reconvaleseen'tia,  from  conva- 
lescere,  [eon  and  valescere)  'to  grow  well.'  Ex- 
anas'trophe.  Recovery  of  health  after  disease. 
The  time  which  elapses  between  the  termination 
of  a  disease  and  complete  restoration  of  strength. 

CON VALLARIA  ANGULOSA,  C.  polygona- 
tum. 

CottvALLA'riA  Maia'lis,  from  convaUis,  'a 
valley,' — from  its  abounding  in  valleys.  Lil'ium 
Gonval'lium,  Convalla'ria,  G.  mapjn,  Maian'the- 
mum,  Lily  of  the  Valley,  May  Lily,  ,(F.)  Muguet, 
Ifuguet  de  Mai,  The  recent  flowers  are  reputed 
"to  be  aromatic,  cephalic,  errhine,  and  cathartic. 
They  are  not  used. 

Coj^vallaria  Mappi,  C.  Maialis. 

Coxvalla'ria  Multiflo'ra,  Polygon'atum 
mult iflo' rum,  which  grows  in  this  country  and  in 
Europe,  has  analogous  properties. 

Convalla'ria  Polygon' atum.  The  systema- 
tic name  of  Solomon's  Seal,  Convalla'ria  angu- 
lo'sa.  Polygon' atum  imiflo'rum  seu  anceps  seu  vul- 
ga're,  Sigil'lum  Salomo'nis,  Polygon' atum.  The 
root  was  once  used  as  an  astringent  and  tonic. 
It  is,  also,  a  reputed  cosmetic. 

CONVENTUS,  Coition. 

CONVER'SION,  Gonver'sio,  from  con  and  ver- 
tere,  'to  turn.'  Change  from  one  state  into  another. 

Conversion  of  Diseases,  (F.)  Conversion  des 
maladies,  is  the  change  or  transformation  of  one 
disease  into  another. 

CONVOLU'TION,  Gonvnlu'tio,  from  convolvere, 
(co?t   and  volvere)   'to    entwine;'    EpisphoB' rion, 


Gyrus,  ITclig'mvs,  (F.)  Circonvolution.     The  roll* 
ing  of  any  thing  upon  itself. 

Convolu'tions,  Cbr'ebral,  Gyri  sen  Plicatu'- 
rcs  seu  Spiras  seu  Proces'sus  enteroV dei  Cer'ehri, 
are  the  round,  undulating,  tortuous  projections 
observed  at  the  surface  of  the  brain.  In  them 
Gall's  organs,  of  course,  terminate. 

Convolu'tion,  Inter'nal,  G.  of  the  Corpus 
Callo'sum,  Convolution  d'Ourlet  (Foville).  A 
cerebral  convolution  of  great  extent,  the  princi- 
pal portion  of  which  is  found  on  the  inner  surface 
of  each  hemisphere  above  the  corpus  callosum. 
In  front  it  bends  downwards  and  backwards  to 
the  fissure  of  Sj'lvius,  and  behind  it  extends  to 
the  middle  lobe  and  forms-the  hippocampus  major. 

Convolu'tions,  Intes'tinal,  are  the  turns 
made  by  the  intestines  in  the  abdomen. 

Convolu'tion,  Supra-or'eitar.  A  convolu- 
tion of  the  brain,  which  exists  on  the  inferior 
surface  of  the  anterior  lobe,  and  rests  upon  the 
roof  of  the  orbit. 

CONVOLVULUS,  Intussuseeptio,  Hens. 

Convol'vulus  Bata'tas.  Same  etymon.  C. 
In'dicus,  Camotes ;  the  Sweet  Potato,  Spanish 
Potato.  This  is  the  only  esculent  root  of  the 
genus  Convolvulus.  It  is  much  eaten  in  the 
United  States. 

Convol'vulus  Cantab'rica,  CantaV rica,  I^a- 
vender-leaved  Bindweed,  has  been  considered  an- 
thelmintic and  actively  cathartic. 

Convolvulus  Indicus,  C.  Batatas. 

ConvoL'vuLus  Jala'pa.  a  systematic  name 
of  the  Jalap  plant,  properly  Ipomoe'a  Jalapa  seu 
macrorhi'za.  Jala'pium,  Jalo'pa.,  Mechoaca'na  ni- 
gra, Jalapjia,  Jalapa,  Jalap  Root,  Giakqypa,  Xa- 
lapipa,  Bryo'nia  Ifechoacan'a  ni'gricans,  Bryo'- 
nia  Peruvia'na,  Ghela'pa,  Rhahar'barum  Nigrttm, 
Gelap'pium,  (F.)  Jalaj),  is  procured  from  South 
America.  Its  odour  is_  nauseous  ;  taste  sweetish 
and  slightly  pungent.  '"It  is  solid,  tiard,  heavy, 
brittle;  fracture  resinous  ;  internallj^,  light  gray; 
externally,  covered  with  a  deep  brown,  wrinkled 
bark.  Its  operation  is  cathartic,  the  resinous 
part  griping  violently.  Dose,  10  gr.  to  ^ss.  A 
drop  or  two  of  any  essential  oil  may  prevent  it 
from  griping.  An  active  principle  has  been  sepa- 
rated from  Jalap,  to  which  the  names  Jalapiu 
and  Cathartin  have  been  given. 

Convolvulus  Major  Albus,  Convolvulus  se- 
pium — c.  Maritimus,  Convolvulus  soldanella. 

Convol'vulus  Mechoacan,  Mechoaca'na 
Radix,  Jalapjoa  alia,  Rhahar'bariim  album,  il/e- 
choacan,  (F.)  Rhabarbe  blanche.  A  Mexican 
convolvulus,  the  root  of  which  possesses  aperient 
properties,  and  was  once  extensively  used  instead 
of  jalap. 

Convolvulus  Megalorhizus,  C.  5*and«ratns. 

Convol'vulus  Pandura'tus,  C.  Megalorhi'- 
zus,  Pseudo-mechoacn'na,  Fiddle-leaved  Bind- 
weed, Hog  Potato,  Virginian  Bindweed,  Wild 
Pota'to,  Meeh'ameck,  31.  Bindweed,  Wild  Jalap, 
Man  in  the  ground.  Wild  Rhubarb,  Wild  Potato- 
Vine,  Kassau'der,  Kassa'der,  Kussuuder,  (F  ) 
Liseron  Mechamec.  In  Virginia,  and  some  other 
parts  of  the  United  States,  the  root  of  this  plant 
has  been  much  recommended  in  cases  of  gravel. 
It  is  used  either  in  powder  or  decoction. 

Convolvulus  Perennis,  Humulus  lupulus. 

Convolvulus  pes  Ca'pre^,  Bargada.  A 
plant  used  in  India  as  a  cataplasm  in  arthritio 
cases. 

Convolvulus  Repens,  C.  sepium. 

Convolvulus  Scammo'nea  seu  Scammo'nia. 
C.  Syrineus.  The  systematic  name  of  the  Scorn' 
many  Plant.  A  Syrian  and  Mexican  plant;  th« 
concrete  gummi-resinous  juice  of  which,  Scum- 
mo'nia,  Scammonia  Gummi  Resi'na,  Scammonium, 
S.  Syriacum,  Diagryd'ium,  Bacrydion,  Scummo. 


CONVULSIBILITAS 


236 


COPOS 


ny,  IfaJimondy,  (F.)  ScaimnonSe  d'Alep,  comes  to 
us  in  blackish-gi-ay  fragments,  becoming  whitish- 
yellow  when  touched  with  wet  fingers.  It  is  a 
drastic,  hydragogue  cathartic.  Dose,  gr.  iij  to 
gr.  XV,  triturated  with  sugar. 

Convolvulus,  Sea,  Convolvulus  Soldanella. 

Convol'vulus  Se'pium,  Convolvulus  major 
alhus  seu  repens  seu  Tugurio'rum,  Oalyste'yia 
se'pium,  Great  Bindweed,  (F.)  Liseron  dea  Haies  : 
Grand  Liseron.  The  juice  of  this  plant  is  vio- 
lently purgative,  and  is  given  in  dropsical  affec- 
tions. 

Convol'vulus  Soldanel'la.  The  systematic 
name  of  the  Sea  Convolvulus,  Bras'sica  llari'na, 
Calyste'gia  Soldanella,  Sea  Bindweed,  ConvoV- 
vulus  Marit'imus,  Soldanel'la,  (F.)  Chou  Marin. 
The  leaves  of  this  plant  are  said  to  be  drastic  ca- 
thartic ;  but  they  are  not  much,  if  at  all,  used. 

Convolvulus  Syriacus,  Convolvulus  scam- 
monia — -c.  Tuguriorum,  C.  sepium. 

Convol'vulus  Turpe'thum,  Turpe'thim.  The 
systematic  name  of  the  Turhith  plant.  (F.)  Ra- 
cine de  Turhith.  The  cortical  part  of  the  root  of 
this  species  of  convolvulus  is  brought  from  the 
East  Indies.     It  is  a  cathartic,  but  not  used. 

CONVULSIBILITAS,  see  Subsultus  tendinum. 

CONVULSIF,  Convulsive. 

CONVULSIO,  Convulsion  —  c.  Canina,  see 
Canine  laugh. 

Convul'sio  Cerea'lis,  Convulsio  ah  Ustilacf'- 
ine,  Err/otis'mus  spasmod'icus,  Myrmeci' asis,  Ra- 
pha'nia,  Myrmecias' mus,  Convul'sio  Solonien'sis, 
Myrmecis'mus,  3Iyrmeeo'sis,  Cereal  Convulsion, 
(F.)  Convulsion  cereale,  Ergotisme  convulsif.  Con- 
vulsion de  Sologne.  A  singular  disoi'der  of  the 
convulsive  kind,  attended  with  a  peculiar  tingling 
and  formication  in  the  arms  and  legs ;  hence 
called  by  the  Germans  Kriebelkranklieit.  It 
is  said  to  be  endemic  in  some  parts  of  Germany, 
and  to  arise  often  from  the  use  of  spoiled  corn. 

Convulsio  Habitualis,  Chorea — c.  Indica, 
Tetanus — -c.  Raphania,  Raphania — c.  Soloniensis, 
C.  cerealis,  Ergotism — c.  Tonica,  Tonic  spasm — 
c.  Uteri,  Abortion. 

CONVUL'SIO N,  Spasmus,  Convul'sio,  from 
convallere,  (con  and  vellere,)  'to  tear,'  'to  pull  to- 
gether;' Oonduc'tio,  Hieran'osis,  Bisten'tio  ner- 
vo'rum,  Spasmus  clon'icus,  Convid'sio  clon'ica, 
Eelamp'sia,  Syspa'sia  Convul'sio,  Hyperspasm'ia, 
Clonic  Spasm.  This  word  has  several  accepta- 
tions. It  means  any  violent  perversion  of  the 
animal  movements.  The  word  Convul'sions  ge- 
nerally, however,  signifies  alternate  contractions, 
violent  and  involuntary,  of  muscles,  which  habi- 
tually contract  only  under  the  influence  of  the 
will.  This  alternate  contraction,  when  slight,  is 
called  tremor ;  when  strong  and  permanent,  teta- 
nus, trismus,  &c.  Spasms,  Cramp,  Risus  Sardo- 
tiicus,  and  St.  Vitus's  Banee  are  convulsions. 

CosrvULSION,  Salaam',  Eelamp'sia  nutans.  A 
name  given  to  a  singular  kind  of  convulsion  in 
children,  in  which  there  is  a  peculiar  bobbing  of 
the  head  forward. — Sir  Charles  Clarke. 

CONVULSION  BE  SOLOGNE,  Convulsio 
cerealis. 

CONVULSIONNAIRE,  (F.)  A  name  given, 
daring  the  last  century,  to  individuals  who  had, 
or  affected  to  have,  convulsions,  produced  by  re- 
ligious impulses. 

CONVULSIONS  OF  CHILDREN,  Eclampsia 
—  c.  des  Etifans,  Eclampsia  —  c.  des  Femmes  en- 
K-eiiites  et  en  couches,  Eclampsia  gravidarum  et 
parturientium — e.  Puerperal,  Eclampsia  gravida- 
rum ei  parturientium.     See  Mania,  dancing. 

<;!CN VUL'SIVE,  Convulsi'vus,  Spasmo'des, 
Agitato'rius,  (F.)  Conmdsif.     That  which  is  ac- 


companied by,  or  is  analogous  to,  convulsions,  as 
convulsive  cough,  convidsive  disease. 

CONYZA,  inula  dysenterica — c.  Coma  anrea, 
Solidago  Virgaurea — c.  Major,  C.  squarrosa — c. 
Media,  Inula  dysenterica. 

Cony'za  Squareo'sa,  C.  Major,  BrepTioc'to- 
non,  In'ula  squarro'sa,  Great  Fleahane  or  Spike- 
nard, (F.)  Herhe  aux  mouches.  A  European 
plant,  whose  strong  and  disagreeable  odour  was 
formerly  considered  to  be  destructive  to  flies, 
fleas,  <fec.  Its  infusion  in  wine  was  once  used  as 
an  emmenagogue  and  anti-icteric  j  and  in  vinegar 
as  an  anti-epileptic. 

COOKERY,  Culinary  art. 

COOLAVEED,  Pilea  pumila. 

COONTIE  or  COONTI,  see  Arrowroot. 

COOPERCULUM  OCULI,  Palpebra, 

COOPERTORIUM,  Thyroid  cartilage. 

COOSTRUM.  The  middle  part  of  the  dia- 
phragm.— Ruland. 

COPAHU,  Copaiba. 

COPA'IBA.  The  resinous  juice  of  Copa'if'era 
officina'lis  seu  Jacquini,  Oopaiva  officina'lis,  and 
other  species  of  Copaifera;  Family,  Leguminosse. 
Sex.  Si/st.  Decandria  Monogynia.  It  is  the  Co- 
pai/ercB  officina'lis  Resi'na,  Bal'samum  CopaihcB, 
B.  Brazilien'se,  B.  de  Copaiha,  B.  Capi'vi,  Bal- 
sam of  Copaiha  or  Coptaiva,  (vulgarly  pronounced 
capee'vy,)  (F.)  Copahu,  Baume  de  Copahu,  B.  da 
Bresil,  Terehinthe  de  Copahu.  Its  odour  is  pe- 
culiar, but  not  unpleasant;  taste  pungent,  bitter; 
consistence,  syrupy;  colour  yellowish,  and  trans- 
parent. It  is  soluble  in  alcohol,  ether,  and  the 
expressed  oils.  S.  g.  0.950.  Its  properties  are 
stimulant  and  diuretic ;  in  large  doses  it  is  pur- 
gative. It  acts  on  the  lining  membrane  of  the 
urethra,  and  on  mueous  membranes  in  general. 
It  is  given  in  gonorrhoea,  gleet,  leucorrhoea,  &e., 
in  the  dose  of  gtt.  x  to  ^jj  twice  or  thrice  a  day. 
Should  symptoms  of  urticaria  or  diarrhoea  arise, 
the  dose  is  too  large,  and  must  be  diminished. 
It  can  be  inspissated  by  means  of  magnesia  so 
as  to  be  made  into  pills,  and  a  plan  has  been 
devised  for  enveloping  it  in  gelatin,  so  that  its 
taste  is  entirely  concealed.  See  Capsules,  gela- 
tinous. 

COPAIFERA  JACQUINI,  see  Copaiba  — c. 
Officinalis,  see  Copaiba. 

COP  A IV  A  OFFICINALIS,  see  Copaiba, 

COPAL',  Copale,  Resina  Copal,  Gummi  copal- 
li'num.  A  resinous  substance  brought  from  the 
East  Indies,  South  America,  and  the  western 
coast  of  Africa,  which  flows  spontaneously  from 
ElcBOcar' p)us  Copalif  era  or  Vate'ria.  Ind'ica,  and 
probably  from  different  species  oi  Hymc^a'a.  It 
is  a  stimulant,  like  all  the  resins,  and,  dissolved 
in  rectified  spirit  6l  wine,  has  been  used  in  cases 
of  spongy  gums  and  looseness  of  the  teeth;  but 
it  is  now  only  employed  in  varnishes. 

COPE,  Cut. 

COPHOMA,  Cophosis. 

COPHONIA,  Acouophonia. 

COPHO'SIS,  Copho'ina,  Coph'otes,  Sur'ditas, 
Paracu' sis,  Dysasthe'sia  audita' ria  ;  from  Kta^os, 
'deaf.'  (F.)  Surdite.  Diminution  or  loss  of 
hearing.  Cullen  uses  the  word  synonymously 
with  Byseccea,  and  Pinel  with  Paracou'sia  or 
Parac'oc.  According  to  Sauvages,  Coi^hosis  dif- 
fers from  both, — from  Bysecaa,  because  in  it  the 
sonorous  rays  cannot  reach  the  labyrinth;  and 
from  Parucousia,  which  consists  in  a  confused 
state  of  hearing. 

Cophosis  seems,  usually,  to  be  synonj^moua 
with  deafness, — Paracu'sis  Sur'ditas. 

COPHOTES,  Cophosis. 

COPOS,  Lassifu'do,  Fatiga'tio,  Las'situde,  Fa- 
tigue. A  state  of  body  in  which  most  of  the  ani- 
mal functions  are  exerted  with  less  promptitude 


COPPER 


237 


CORALLINA 


and  vigour  than  common.  The  ancients  admit- 
ted three  species  :  1.  That  arising  from  plethora, 
Lassitu'do  tensi'va,  tono'dcs;  2.  From  plethora 
and  increased  heat  combined,  Lassitu'do  phleg- 
tnono'sa,  mstuo'sa,  phlcgmono'des ;  and,  3.  Owing 
to  a  morbid  condition  of  the  humours,  Lassitu'do 
ulcero'sa,  helco'dcs. 

COPPER,  Cuprum — c.  Ammoniated,  Cuprum 
ammouiatum — c.  Ammonio-sulphate  of,  Cuprum 
animoniatum — c.  Subacetate  of,  Cupri  subacetas 
— c.  Sulphate  of,  Cupri  sulphas  —  c.  Ammoniacal 
sulphate  of,  Cuprum  ammoniatum. 

COPPERAS,  Eerri  sulphas  —  c.  White,  Zinci 
sulphas. 

COPPER-NOSE,  Gutta  rosea. 

COPRACRASIA,  Scoracrasia. 

COPRACRATIA,  Scoracrasia. 

GOPRAGO'GUM,  from  KOTrpo?,  'faeces,'  and 
ayoi,  '  I  bring  away.'  Stercus  e  primis  viis  edu'- 
cens.  A  cathartic.  The  name  of  a  laxative  elec- 
tuary, mentioned  by  Ruland. 

COPRECCRITICUS,  Coprocriticus. 

COPREM'ESIS,  Copriiim'esis,  Vom'itus  fmcu- 
len'tus  seu  ster'coris :  same  etymon  as  the  next. 
Vomiting  of  fa3ces. 

COPREM'ETUS,  Coproem'etiw,  Copriem'etus, 
Merditt'omus,  from  Ko-rrpog,  'excrement,'  and  (.jxtiii, 
'  I  vomit.'    One  who  vomits  fajces. — Hippocrates. 

COPRIEMESIS,  Copremesis. 

COPRIEMETUS,  Copremetus. 

COPROCRIT'ICUS,  Copreccnt'icus,  from  kott- 
Mf,  'excrement,'  and  Kpiru,  'I  separate.'  A  mild 
cathartic ;  an  eccoprotie. 

COPROEMETUS,  Copremetus. 

COPROEPISCHESIS,  Constipation. 

COPROLITHUS,  see  Calculi  of  the  stomach 
&nd  intestines. 

COPROPHORESIS,  Catharsis. 

COPROPHORIA,  Catharsis. 

COPRORRHCEA,  Diarrhoea. 

COPROS,  Excrement. 

COPROSCLEROMA,  Coprosclerosis. 

COPROSCLERO'SIS,  from  ko-oo;,  'excre- 
m*jnt,'  and  cK\rigo(a,  '1  harden.'  Induration  of 
faecal  matters;  Oojirosclei-o' ma. 

COPROSTASIS,  Constipation. 

COPTE,  Gopton,  from  kotttw,  'I  heat  or  pound.' 
A  sort  of  cake,  composed  of  vegetable  substances, 
which  the  ancients  administered  internally,  and 
applied  to  the  epigastric  region  in  the  form  of 
cataplasm. 

COPTIS,  Coptia  trifo'lia,  Nigel'la,  Hellel'orus 
trifo'lius,  Fihra  au'rea,  Ghryza  fihrau' rea,  Ane- 
mo'ne  Gronlan'dica,  Gold  thread,  Mouth  root. 
The  root  of  this — CopAis,  (Ph.  U.  S.) — is  much 
used  in  Massachusetts,  in  aphthous  and  other 
ulcerations  of  the  mouth,  as  a  local  application. 
It  is  a  pure  bitter,  and  can  be  used,  wherever 
such  is  indicated. 

CoPTis  Teeta,  lEshme  Teeta,  (Upper  Assam), 
Honglane,  (Chinese).  The  root  of  this  plant  is 
considered  to  be  a  powerful  tonic  and  stomachic. 

COPTON,  Copte. 

COPULA,  Ligament — c.  Carnalis,  Coition — c. 
Cartilaginea,  see  Synchondrosis — c.  Magna  cere- 
bri, Corpus  callosum. 

COPULATION,  Coition. 

OOPYO'PIA,  Kopyo'pia,  (F.)  Lassitude  ocu- 
laire,  from  ko-os,  'fatigue,'  and  (o\p,  'the  eye.' 
Fatigue  of  vision.  Weakness  of  sight.  Inability 
of  the  eye  to  sustain  continued  exertion. 

GOQ,  Phasianus  Gallus. 

GO  QUE  BU  LEVANT,  see  Menispermum 
coeculus  —  c.  d' Qiluf,  see  Ovum  —  c.  Levant,  see 
Menispermum  coeculus. 

OOQUELIGOT,  Papaver  rhoeas. 
COQUELOURDE,  Anemone  Pulsatilla. 

COQUELUCHE,  Influenza,  Pertussis. 


COQUEN'TIA  MEDICAMENT'A,  from  co- 
quere,  '  to  digest.'  Medicines  which  were  for- 
merly believed  to  be  proper  for  favouaing  the 
coction  or  digestion  of  food. 

CO  QUE  RET,  Physalis. 

COQUETTE,  Influenza. 

COQUILLE,  Cochlea— c.  d'(Evf,  see  Ovum. 

COR,  A  corn.     Also,  Heart. 

Cor  Bovinum,  Heart,  hypertrophy  of  the. 

CORACOBRACHIiEUS,  Coracobraehialis. 

COR'ACO-BRA'CHIAL,  Cor'aeo  Rrachia'h's. 
Belonging  both  to  the  coracoid  process  and  arm. 

CoRACO-BRAcniALis  (Muscle),  Coracobrachi- 
cb'us,  Coraco-humeral — (Ch.),  Perfora'tus  Cassb'- 
Eii,  Perforatus,  is  situate  at  the  inner  and  upper 
part  of  the  arm.  It  arises  from  the  coracoid 
process  of  the  scapula,  and  is  inserted  at  the 
middle  part  of  the  inner  side  of  the  humerus.  It 
carries  the  arm  forwards  and  inwards,  raising 
the  humerus  a  little.  It  can,  also,  by  acting  in- 
versely, depress  the  shoulder. 

COBACO-CLAVIC'ULAR,  Coraco-davicnla'- 
ris.  Belonging  to  the  coracoid  process  and  cla- 
vicle. 

CoEACO  Clavicular  Ligament, — called,  also, 
Omo-elavicular,  —  serves  to  unite  the  clavicle  to 
the  coracoid  process.  It  is  very  irregular,  and 
formed  of  two  fasciculi,  which  the  greater  part 
of  anatomists  have  described  as  particular  liga- 
ments, under  the  names  Conoid  and  Trapezoid, 

CORACODES,  Coracoid. 

CORACO-HUMERALIS,  Coraco-brachialis— 
c.  Hyoideus,  Omohyoideus  —  c.  Radialis,  Biceps 
flexor  cubiti. 

COR'ACOID,  CoraeoV dens,  Coraco'i'des,  Cora- 
co'des,  G.  Proccss'its,  Cornicula'ris  Processus, 
Groio' s-heah-like  Process,  Proces'sus  anchora'lis, 
rostriform'is,  ancyroV des,  from  Kopal,  '  a  crow,* 
and  EdJof,  'resemblance.'  (F.)  Goraco'lde.  P>,e- 
sembling  the  beak  of  a  crow.  A  name  given  by 
Galen,  (and  still  retained,)  to  the  short,  thick 
process,  situate  at  the  anterior  part  of  the  upper 
margin  of  the  scapula;  which  has  some  resem- 
blance to  the  beak  of  a  crow.  This  process  gives 
attachment  to  the  Coraeo-clavic' ular  and  Goraco- 
acro'mial  ligaments,  and  to  the  Coraco-brachia'- 
lis,  Pectora'lis  minor,  and  Biceps  muscles. 

Coracoid  Lig'ament,  Ligamen'tum  coraeoV- 
deum,  (F.)  L.  Coracoidien.  This  name  is  given 
to  the  smaU  fibrous  fasciculus,  which  converts 
the  notch,  at  the  superior  margin  of  the  scapula, 
into  a  foramen. 

COR  AIL,  Coral  —  c.  des  Jardins,  Capsicum 
annuum. 

CORAL,  Coral'Uum,  Coral'lus,  Arbor  Maris, 
Azur,  Bolesis,  from  xopco),  'I  adorn,'  and  'aX?, 
'  the  sea.'  (F.)  Corail.  One  of  the  most  beauti- 
ful productions  of  the  deep.  It  is  fixed  to  sub- 
marine rocks,  in  the  form  of  a  shrub ;  and  is  of 
a  bright  red  colour.  It  is  the  habitation  of  a 
multitude  of  animals,  of  the  Zoophyta  order,  and 
is  formed  of  a  calcareous  substance,  secreted  by 
the  animals  themselves.  It  is  in  very  hard,  con- 
centric layers ;  covered,  externally,  by  a  species 
of  porous  bark,  full  of  cellules,  each  of  which  eon- 
tains  one  of  these  animals.  Linneeus  calls  the 
red  coral,  Isis  nob'ilis,  and  M.  de  LamarclQ  Go- 
ral'lium  rubrum.  It  is  much  fished  for  on  the 
coasts  of  Barbai-y  and  Sicily.  Coral  was  formerly 
esteemed  tonic,  absorbent,  astringent,  &c. ;  but 
analysis  has  shown,  that  it  contains  only  carbo- 
nate'of  lime  and  a  little  gelatin.  —  Dioscorides, 
Pliny,  Oribasius,  the  Geoponica,  &c.  The  Coral- 
limn  album  is  a  hard,  white,  calcareous  brittle 
substance,  the  nidus  of  the  Madrep'ora  oeula'ta. 
It  has  been  given  as  an  absorbent. 

CORALLI'NA.  Diminutive  of  CoraUium  .• 
Muscus  marit'imus,  Corallina  officinr'lin.  Bri"ii, 


CORALLINE 


238 


COEIUM 


CnralUnn  alha,  Sea  Cor'alline,  Wliite  Worm-iceed. 
Tbe  production  of  an  animal,  which  belongs  to 
the  genus  Pol'ypi,  and  which  is  found  in  all  the 
peas  of  Europe  ; — particularly  in  the  Mediterra- 
nean. It  has  the  appearance  of  a  plant,  is  homo- 
geneous, an  inch  or  two  in  height,  of  a  white, 
reddish,  or  gi-eenish  colour,  salt  taste,  and  marine 
smell.  It  contains  gelatin,  albumen,  chloride  of 
sodium,  phosphate,  carbonate  and  sulphate  of 
lime,  carbonate  of  magnesia,  silica,  oxide  of  iron, 
and  a  colouring  principle.  It  was  once  much 
used  as  a  vermifuge ;  but  is  not  now  employed. 
Dose,  ^ss  to  gj,  in  powder. 

CORALLINA  Cohsica'na,  C.  riihra,  Helmintho- 
cfiorton,  HelmintJiochort '  tim,  Elminthoehorion, 
2Iuicv8  helminthochortos,  Mellthochorton,  iluscus 
coralli'nns  seu  Mari'nus  seu  Cor'sicus,  Confer'va 
Hihiiinthochortos,  Sphmrocoeeus  hehnintlioclior- 
tos,  Gigarti'na  Tielminthochorton,  CoralWna  me- 
litochorton,  Lemithochorton,  Fucus  EelmintJio- 
chorton,  Cera'mium  hehmnthochort'us,  Corsican 
Worm-weed,  (F.)  Coralline  de  Corse,  Mousse  de 
Corse.  It  is  a  mixture  of  several  marine  plants 
and  zoophytes,  as  the  fucus,  eeramium,  ulva,  co- 
ralline, confervtB,  i'C,  and  has  gained  great  repu- 
tation for  destroying  all  kinds  of  intestinal  worms, 
when  given  in  strong  decoction.  The  Geneva 
Pharmacopceia  directs  an  ofiicinal  syrup  —  the 
Sirop  de  Coralline. 

CORALLINE  BE  CORSE,  Corallina  Corsi- 
cana. 

CORALLOIDES  FUNGUS,  Clavaria  coral- 
loides. 

CORALTYORT,  Clavaria  eoralloides. 

CORD,  Funis,  Fuaic'ulus,  Chosnos,  Ohoe'nion, 
yoivoi,  yoiviov,  from  the  Latin  Chorda,  which  is 
itself  derived  from  yji^lr],  'intestine;'  and,  a.fter- 
wards,  was  applied  to  musical  cords  or  strings, 
made  of  the  intestines  of  animals.     See  Chorda. 

Cord,  Uwbilical,  Funiculus  umbiliealis. 

Cords.  "Vocal,  Cords  of  Ferrein,  diordm  vo- 
ea'les,  Ch.  Ferre'nii.  A  name  given  to  the  liga- 
ments of  the  glottis,  which  Ferrein  compared  to 
etretched  cords,  and  to  which  he  attributed  the 
production  of  voice.  See  Thyreo-arytenoid  Liga- 
ment. 

COR.DA,  Chorda — e.  Hippocratis,  Achillis 
tendo  —  c.  Magna,  Achillis  tendo  —  c.  Spinalis, 
Medulla  spinalis. 

CORDE  DU  TAMBOUR,  Chorda  tympani 
— c.  du  Ttiinpan,  Chorda  tympani. 

CORDEE,  Chordee. 

COE.DIA  AFRICAWA,  Sebestinar— c.  Domes- 
tiea,  Sebestina — c.  Mysa,  Sebestina — e.  Obliqua, 
Sehestina — c.  Sebestina,  Sebestina — c.  Smooth- 
leaved.  Sebestina. 

COPu'DIAL,  Cordia'lis,  Cardi'acus,  from  cor, 
cordis,  'the  heart.'  A  tonic  or  excitant  medicine, 
judged  to  be  proper  for  exciting  the  heart.  A 
warm  stom.achic. 

Cordial,  Goeprey's,  see  Godfrey's  Cordial — 
e.  Nervous,  Brodum's,  see  Tinctura  gentianse 
composita — c.  Sir  Walter  Raleigh's,  Confectio 
aromatica — c.  Warner's,  see  Tinctura  rhei  et 
sennse. 

CORDIFORM  TENDON"  OF  THE  DIA- 
riTRAGM,  Centre,  phrenic. 

COR  DINE' MA,  from  Kapa,  '  the  head,'  and 
ctvzw,  'I  move  about.'  Ileadach,  accompanied 
\7ir,n  vertigo.     See  Cnrebaria, 

CORDIS  EMTJNCTORIUM,  Axilla. 

CORDOLICM,  Cardialgia. 

CORDON  (F.),  Fvnic'ulm,  diminutive  of  funis, 
'  a  cord.'  A  term  applied  to  many  parts,  which 
resem'nie  a  small  cord. 

CORDON  NERVEUX,  Ramus  Nervo'sus.  A 
principal  division  of  a  nerve,  or  the  nervous  trunk 
itsoK 

CORDON  OMBILICALE,  Funiculus  umbili- 


ealis— c.  Spermatique,  Spermatic  chord — c.  Testi- 
cxdaire,  Spermatic  chord. 

CORDONS  SUS-PUBIENS,  Round  liga- 
ments of  the  uterus — c.  Vasculaires,  Round  liga- 
ments of  the  uterus. 

CORE,  Pupil,  see  Furanculus. 
CORECTOJIIA,  Coretomia. 

CORECTOP'IA,  from  Kopi?,  'the  pupil,'  ik,  'ont 
of,'  and  To-o;,  '  place.'  Displacement  of  the  pupil. 
A  condition  of  the  iris  in  which  one  segment  is 
larger  than  the  other;  so  that  the  pupil  is  not  in 
the  centre. — Yon  Ammon. 

COREDIALYSIS,  Coretomia. 

CORE'MATA,  from  Koptu,  'I  cleanse.'  Reme- 
dies proper  for  cleansing  the  skin.  —  Paulus  of 
^gina. 

COREMETAMORPHOSIS,  Dyseoria. 

COREMORPHO'MA,  same  etymon  as  the  next. 
A  morbid  change  in  the  shape  of  the  pupil. 

COREMORPHO'SIS,  Confomia'tio  pnpilVce 
artificia'lis ;  from  Kopr],  'the  pupil,'  and  fiopipiamSf 
'formation.'  The  operation  for  artificial  pupiL 
See  Coretomia. 

COREON'CION,  Coron'cion,  Coreon'cium,  from 
Kopv,  '  the  pupil,' and  oyKivov,  'a  hook.'  An  in- 
strument, used  for  the  formation  of  artificial  pnpil 
by  Langenbeck.  It  is  hooked  at  its  extremity. 
A  douhle-hoohed  forceps,  used  by  Von  Grafe,  is 
simil'arly  named. 

COREOP'SIS  TRICHOSPER'MA,  Tickweed 
simfloicer,  Tielseed  sunflower.  An  indigenous 
plant,  of  the  Composite -F(/?n!'(y,  with  large  golden- 
yellow  rays,  which  flowers  in  September.  It  is 
said  to  have  been  used  as  an  alterative. 

CORETODIALYSIS,  Coretomia. 

CORETOMEDIALYSIS,  Coretodialysis. 

CORETOM'IA,  from  Kopr,,  'the  pupil,'  and 
re^vziv,  '  to  cut.'  Corotom'ia,  Coretotom'ia,  Iri- 
dotom'ia,  Corectom'ia,  Coretonectom' ia,  Iridectom' - 
ia,  Iridectomedial' ysis,  Iridectomodial' ysis,  Core^ 
dial'ysis,  Corodial'ysis,  CoretodiaV ysis,  Coretome- 
dial'ysis,  IridodiaVysis.  "Various  operations  for 
the  formation  of  artificial  pupil  are  so  termed. 
The  last  five  signify  the  separation  or  tearing 
asunder  of  the  iris  from  the  ciliary  ligament ;  the 
preceding  five  the  incision  of  the  iris,  viith  loss 
of  substance;  and  the  remainder  signify  a  simple 
incision  of  the  iris,  without  loss  of  substance. 
When  a  portion  of  the  iris  is  left  strangulated  in 
the  wound,  it  is  termed  Iridenclei'sis,  Iridencleis'- 
mus.  and  Iridotenclei'sis. 

CORETONECTOMIA,  Coretomia. 

CORETOTOMIA,  Coretomia. 

CORIANDER,  Coriandrum  sativum. 

CORIANDRUM  CICUTA,  Cicuta  virosa— c. 
Maculatum,  Conium  maculatum. 

CoRlAN'DRUSr  Sati'vum,  Corian'der,  Corian'- 
non,  (F.)  Coriandre.  Family,  Umbellifera3.  Sex, 
Syst.  Petandria  Digynia.  The  systematic  name 
of  the  Corian' drum  of  the  pharmacopoeias  ;  Co- 
rian'non.  The  seeds  of  the  coriander  have  an 
aromatic  odour,  and  grateful,  pungent  taste. 
They  are  carminative  ;  but  are  chiefly  used  to 
cover  the  taste  of  other  medicines. 

CORIANNON,  Coriandrum  sativum. 

CORIGEEN,  Fucus  crispus. 

CORIITIS,  Cvtitis. 

CORINTHIAC^,  see  Vitis  corinthiaca. 

CORION,  Corium,  Hypericum  perforatum. 

COPvIS,  Cimex — c.  Monspeliensis,  Symphytum 
Petrajiim. 

CO'RIUM,  Corion.  (F.)  Cuir.  The  skin  of 
animals  is  so  called,  especially  when  tanned. 
The  cutis  vera,  or  the  thickest  part  of  the  human 
skin. 

Corium  Phlogis'ticuw,  Crusta  pleuret'ica,  C. 
inflnmnuifo'ria, C. 2Jhlo/)is'tica,Jvflnm'matory  Crxitt 
or  liuf.  Huffy  Coat,  (F.)  Conenne,  C.  Fleuritique, 
C.  Iti/lammatoire.      The   grayish    crust  or  bufi^ 


CORK 


239 


CORNU 


varying  in  thickness,  observed  on  Llood  drawn 
from  a  veiu  during  the  existence  of  violent  in- 
fiammation,  pregnancy,  &o.  It  is  particularly 
manifest  in  pleurisy,  and  hence  one  of  its  names. 
For  its  production,  it  appears  to  be  requisite,  that 
there  should  be  an  increase  in  the  proportion  of 
the  fibrinous  element  of  the  blood  over  that  of 
the  red  corpuscles,  ■R'ith  increased  aggregation 
of  those  corpuscles.  Under  such  circumstances, 
the  huffy  coat  assumes  a  concave  appearance  on 
its  upper  surface,  and  the  blood  is,  therefore,  said 
t-o  be  cupped. 

The  buif  is  generally  believed  to  consist  of 
fibrin ;  but,  according  to  the  researches  of  Mul- 
der, it  is  composed  of  a  binoside  of  protein,  which 
is  insoluble  in  boiling  water,  and  a  tritoxide  which 
is  soluble.  These  oxides  are  comprehended  by 
him  under  the  name  oxyprotein. 

When  the  blood  presents  the  above  appearance, 
it  is  said  to  be  huffy. 

CORK,  Suber. 

CORMIER,  Sorbus  domestica. 

CORMUS.  In  botany,  when  the  stem  of  a 
plant,  Avithout  creeping  or  rooting,  is  distended 
under  ground,  retaining  a  round  or  oval  form,  it 
is  so  called.  The  Cormus  is  vulgarly  termed  a 
root, — radix. 

CORN,  (Saxon  corn,)  (G.)  Kern.  In  Eng- 
land, this  word  means  the  Cerealia,  or  those 
seeds,  which  grow  in  ears,  not  in  pods.  In  the 
United  States,  Corn  always  means  Indian  Corn. 
Its  English  sense  corresponds  to  the  French  Ble 
or  Bled. 

Corn,  Clacus,  Claws  Pedis,  Erphy'ma  Clavus, 
Gemur'sa,  (F.)  Cor,  Ognon,  from  cornu.  a  'horn.' 
A  small,  hard,  corneous  tumour,  which  forms 
upon  the  foot,  generally  on  the  toes  ;  and  is  com- 
monly produced  on  the  most  projecting  parts,  by 
the  pressure  of  too  tight  shoes.  A  part  of  the 
corn  is  raised  above  the  skin,  and  forms  a  round 
tumour,  like  the  head  of  a  nail:  the  other  por- 
tion, which  serves  as  its  base,  is  buried  more  or 
less  deeply  in  the  integuments,  and  occasionally 
extends  as  far  as  the  tendons  and  periosteum. 
Corns  may,  sometimes,  be  removed,  by  immers- 
ing the  feet  in  warm  water,  but  commonly  they 
return.  They  can.  likewise,  be  destroyed  by  the 
knife  or  caustic,  or  by  paring  them  down  and 
pulling  them  out  by  the  roots;  but  these  opera- 
tions are  not  always  as  simple  as  the}'  seem.  In 
the  way  of  palliation,  they  must  be  constantly 
pared ;  and,  for  the  purpose  of  preventing  pres- 
sure, any  soft  plaster,  spread  upon  linen  or  leather, 
may  be  applied,  with  a  hole  in  the  centre  to  re- 
ceive the  corn ;  and  layer  after  layer  of  plaster 
be  added,  until  they  attain  the  level  of  the  corn. 
When  very  irritable,  the  lunar  caustic,  rubbed 
over  the  surface,  will  generally  diminish  irritabi- 
lity surprisingly,  and  in  a  mode  not  easy  of  ex- 
planation. 

Corn,  Zea  mays — c.  Guinea,  Panicum  Italicum 
. — c.  Indian,  Zea  mays — c.  Wild,  Matricaria  cha- 
momilla — c.  Flag,  Gladiolus  vulgaris — c.  Flower, 
Centaurea  cyanus — c.  Salad,  Valeriana  dentata — 
c.  Squirrel,  Dicentra  Canadensis. 
CORNALINE,  Cornelian. 
CORNE,  Cornu — c.  d' Amman,  Cornu  ammonis 
e.  de  Belier,  Cornu  ammonis — c.  de  Cerf,  Cervus, 
Cornu  cervi,  Cochlearia  coronopus  —  c.  de  Clia- 
muin,  Cornu  rupicaprsB — c.  de  la  Peau,  Cornu. 
CORNE,  Corneous. 

COR'NEA,  Cornea  transpa'rens,  C.  pellu'cida, 
C.  lu'cida,  Ceras,  Sclerot'iea  ceratoi'des,  CeratoV- 
des  seu  C'jrato'des  memhra'na,  Ceratome'ninx, 
Memhra'na  cornea;  from  cornu,  'horn.'  The 
transparent  cornea.  (F.)  Cornee.  One  of  the 
coats  of  the  eye,  so  called  because  it  has  some 
resemblance  to  horn.  It  is  termed  transparent 
to  distinguish  it  from  the  opake —  Cornea  opa'ca 


or  Sclerotic.  It  is  convex,  anteriorly ;  eoneavp, 
posteriorly  ;  forming  nearly  one-fifth  of  the  ante- 
rior part  of  the  eye,  and  representing  a  segment 
of  a  sphere  about  seven  lines  and  a  half,  or  in. 
0.625  in  diameter.  It  seems  to  be  constituted  of 
lamina;  in  superposition,  but  of  the  precise  num- 
ber anatomists  are  not  agreed.  Ilcnle  assigns  it 
four;  the  third,  a  very  solid  cartilaginous  lamella, 
being  cdlled  3Jemb ran e  de  Bemours  or  M.  de  De»- 
ceniet.  Messrs.  Todd  and  Bowman  assign  it  five 
layers. 

Cornea,  Conical,  Staphyloma  of  the  cornea — 
c.  Opake,  Caligo — c.  Opaca,  Sclerotic — c.  Sugar- 
loaf,  Staphyloma  of  the  cornea. 
CORNEE,  Cornea. 
CORNEITIS,  Ceratitis. 

CORNEL,  AMERICAN  RED-ROD,  Cormis 
sericea — c.  Large-flowered,  Cornus  Florida — c. 
Panicled,  Cornus  paniculata. 

CORNE'LIAN,  Came'lian,  Chalcedo'nittSf 
Came' olus.  Lapis  Cnrne'obis,  Corne'lns,  Corne'chw, 
LapAs  Sard'lus,  (F.)  Cornaline.  A  precious,  semi- 
transparent  stone,  found  in  Sardinia.  The  an» 
cients  ascribed  to  it  a  number  of  absurd  pro- 
perties. 

CORNELL'S.  Cornelian. 
CORNEOLUS,  Cornelian. 

COR'NEOUS,  Cor'neus,  (F.)  Come.  Having 
the  nature  or  appearance  of  horn. 

Corneous  Tissue  is  that  which  forms  the  nails. 
The  corneous  membrane  is  the  cornea. 

CORNES  BE  LBIAgON  (F.),  Snail's  Hotm. 
A  name  given  by  Anel  to  the  lachrj'mal  puncta 
and  ducts. 

CORNES  BE  LA  MATRICE,  Cornua  uteri 
— c.  de  la  Pe:iu,  Horny  excrescences. 
CORNESTA,  Retort. 

CORNET  A  CO  USTIQ  UE,  Ear-trumpet  —  c. 
Moyen,  Turbinated  bone,  middle — c.  deA!orga(/m, 
Turbinated  bone,  superior. 

CORNETS  BE  BERTIN,  Sphenoidal  cornua 
— c.  Sphenoidaiix,  Sphenoidal  cornua. 
CORNICHON,  see  Cucumis  sativus. 
CORNICULxlRIS     PROCESSUS,     Coracoid 
process. 

CORNIC'ULUM,  diminutive  of  con??/,  'a  horn.' 
'a  little  horn.'  A  species  of  cupping  instrument^ 
shaped  like  a  trumpet,  having  a  hole  at  the  top 
for  sucking  the  air  out,  to  diminish  the  pressure 
in  its  interior. — Scultetus,  Hildanus. 

CORNICULUM  Laryn'gis,  Copit'ulum  Santori'ni 
seu  Laryn'gis,  Siipra-arytenoid  Gar'tilage,  Capit'- 
ulum  Cartilag"inia  aryteno'idecB.     A  small,  very 
movable,   cartilaginous   tubercle,  found   on   the 
arvtenoid  cartilages. 
'cornier,  Cornus  Florida. 
CORNIFICATION,  Raeornissement. 
CORNINE,  see  Cornus  Florida. 
CORNOUILLER,   Cornus    Florida— c.  It 
Feuillcs  arrondiee,  Cornus  circinata — c.  a  Grandes 
Jieurs,  Cornus  Florida — c.  Soyeux,  Cornus  sericea. 
CORNU,   Ceras,  Corn,  Horn.     (F.)  Come.     A 
conical,    hard)    epidermeous    projection,    which 
grows  on  the  heads  of  certain  animals,  serving 
them  as  a  weapon  of  offence  and  defence.     Ana- 
tomists have  given  this  name  to  parts  of  the  hu- 
man bod_y,  which  have  nearly  the  same  ;hape  es 
the  horns  of  animals. 

Cornu.  A  horny  excrescence  :  a  corneous  wart, 
which  occasionally  forms  on  the  skin,  and  requires 
the  use  of  the  knife;  (F.)  Come  Je  la  Peau. — See 
Corn.  Also,  Cornu  Cervi. — See  Cervus.  Also,  a 
Retort. 

Cornu  AcusTicuir,  Ear-trumpet. 
Cornu  Asfmo'kis,  Cornu  Arie't is,  Iiipj:>ocam'pxi^ 
major,  Pes  hippocam'pi  major.  Pes  lnpp>opot'am\ 
major,  Protuberan'tia  cylind'rica,  Vermis  BoTtt- 
hyc"inus,  Proces'sns  cer'ebri  latera'lis,  (F.)  Corn« 
d'Ammon,  Come  de  Belier,  Grande  Hippocam^iti^ 


CORNUA 


240 


CORONALE 


Pierl  de  cheval  marin,  Proticherance  cyllndroide 
(Ch.),  Bourrelet  roidd.  A  broad,  considerable 
eminence,  curved  on  itself,  and  situate  at  the 
posterior  part  of  the  lateral  ventricle.  Its  sur- 
face presents  two  or  three  tubercles  separated 
from  each  other  "t^y  shallow  grooves. 

The  Accesso' rius  Pedis  Hq^pocamp'i,  (F.)  Ac- 
cessoire  du  2^ied  d'lii2)pocampe,  is  a  prominence, 
usually  formed  by  the  base  of  the  inferior  cornu 
of  the  lateral  ventricle  of  the  brain.  It  is  merely 
a  fold  of  the  hemisphere,  and  was  by  Malacarne 
called  Ciiissart  ou  Armure  dea  Jamhes. 

CoRXU  AxTEPaus  sen  Anti'cum  Ventric'uli 
Latera'liS;  Anterior  Cornu  of  the  Lat'eral  Ven'- 
tricle.  The  portion  of  the  lateral  ventricle  of  the 
brain,  which  is  lodged  in  the  middle  of  the  lobe, 
and  forms  the  commencement  of  that  cavity. 

CoRXU  Ceryi,  Cornu,  Cornu  Cervi'num,  Cervi 
El'apTii  Cornu,  Hartshorn,  (F.)  Come  de  cerf. 
The  horns  of  various  species  of  the  stag.  They 
contain  about  27  per  cent,  of  gelatin.  The  Shav- 
ings, Raspatu'ra  seu  Pas'ura  Cornu  Cervi,  O.  C. 
rasp)a'tum,  boiled  in  water,  have,  consequently, 
been  esteemed  emollient  and  nutritive. 

Hartshorn  Jelly  may  be  made  as  follows  : — 
Hartshorn  shavings,  ^vj  ;  boil  in  water  Oiv  to 
Oij ;  strain,  and  add,  whilst  hot,  of  lemon-juice, 
two  tablespoonfuls  ;  lohite  sugar,  ^vj  ;  and  Sherry 
wine,  two  glasses. 

A  good  nutriment  for  the  sick,  where  wine  is 
not  improper. 

When  burnt,  the  shavings  constitute  the  Cornu 
cervi  calcina'fum,  Cormi  v.stum,  Phospihas  Calcis, 
Ccloc'J ria phosphoi-' ica,  (F.)  Coriie  de  cerfcahinee, 
which  consists  of  57.5  per  cent,  of  phosphate  of 
lime.  It  has  been  iised  as  an  antacid,  but  is 
wholly  inert,  as  its  composition  woiald  indicate. 
It  contains  only  1  per  cent,  of  carbonate  of  lime. 

Hartshorn  was  once  supposed  to  possess  a  be- 
zoardic  power. 

CoRxu  CERvrauM,  Cervus,  Plantago  corono- 
pus — c.  Ethmoidal,  Turbinated  bone,  middle. 

CoRxu  Descen'dexs  Vektric'uli  Latera'lis. 
Dig"ital  Oav'ity,  Descending  or  inferior  cornu  of 
the  lateral  ventricle.  The  termination  of  the  late- 
ral ventricle  in  the  middle  lobe  of  the  brain,  be- 
hind the  fissure  of  Sylvius. 

Cornu,  Middle,  Turbinated  bone,  middle. 

CoRNcr  Poste'rius  seu  Posti'cum  Yextric'uli 
Latera'lis,  Cav'itus  digita'ta.  Posterior  Cornu 
of  the  Lateral  Ventricle.  The  triangular  pro- 
longation of  the  lateral  ventricle  of  the  brain  into 
the  substance  of  the  occipital  lobe. 

CoRXU  Pi,dpica'pr.e,  (F.)  Come  de  Chamois. 
The  horn  of  the  chamois.  It  has  the  same  pro- 
perties as  the  Cornu  Cervi. 

CORNUA,  Turbinated  bones. 

CoRNUA  Cartilag"inis  THrRoiDE^.  Emi- 
nences on  the  thyroid  cartilage,  distinguished 
into  great  or  superior,  which  are  artictilated  with 
the  great  cornu  of  the  os  hyoides;  —  and  into 
small  or  in/e;-ior, united  with  the  cricoid  cartilage. 

CoRXtJA  Coccy'gis,  Cornua  of  the  Coccyx.  Two 
Bmall,  tubercular  eminences  at  the  base  of  the  coc- 
cyx, which  are  articulated  with  those  of  the  sacrum. 

CoENUA  CuTAXEA,  Horny  excrescences. 

GoRNUA  Hyoidei  Ossis,  Radi'ces  ossis  hyo'i'dei, 
Cornua  of  the  Hyoid  Bone.  Four  fragments  of 
the  OS  hyoides,  situate  above  the  body  of  the 
bone,  and  distinguished  into  \.\\&  small  ov  superior, 
and  the  great  or  lateral. 

Cornua  LAcnnrjiALiA,  Lachrymal  ducts  —  c. 
I.imacum,  Lachrymal  ducts,  see  Lachrymal 
puncta. 

Cornua  Sacra'lia,  Cornua  of  the  Sacrum. 
Two  tubercles,  situate  at  the  posterior  and  in- 
forior  surface  of  the  sacrum,  which  are  some- 
times united. 


Cornua,  Styloid,  see  Hyoides,  os. 

Cornua  U'teei,  Cornua  of  the  Uterus,  Cerate, 
Kspaiai,  Plec'tancB,  (F.)  Comes  de  la  Matrice.  The 
angles  of  the  uterus,  where  the  Fallopian  tubes 
arise.  Sometimes  applied  to  the  Falloijian  tubes 
themselves. 

CORNUE,  Retort.    , 

CORNUE  TUBULEE,  see  Retort.       , 

CORXUMUSA,  Retort. 

CORNUS  AMOMUS,  C.  sericea— c.  Blue  ber- 
ried, C.  Sericea. 

CoRNus  Circina'ta,  Round-leaved  Dogtcood, 
(F.)  Cornouiller  d  feuilles  arrondies.  The  bark 
of  this  variety  has  been  used  for  similar  pur- 
poses with  the  next. 

CoRNUS  Flor'ida,  Dogwood,  Dogtree,  Boxtree, 
BitterRedberry,Large-floweredCornel,McdeGreat- 
floicered  Dogwood,  Florida  Dogwood,  Virginian 
Dogwood,  Boxwood  (New  England ),  (F.)  Cor- 
nouiller, Cornier,  C.  d  grandes  fieurs.  The  bark 
of  this  beautiful  tree,  which  grows  everywhere  in 
the  United  States,  has  been  long  employed  as  a 
substitute  for  cinchona.  Dose,  from  ^ss  to  ^j-  Its 
active  principle  has  been  separated  from  it,  and 
received  the  name  of  Cornine. 

CoRNus  FcEiiiNA,  C.  seiicca — c.  Mas  odorata, 
Laurus  sassafras. 

CoRNUs  Panicula'ta,  Pan'icled  Cornel,  indi- 
genous, has  been  used  as  a  substitute  for  Cornas 
Florida. 

CoRNUs  RuBiGiNOSA,  C.  sericea — e.  Sanguinea, 
Sebestina,  C.  sericea. 

CoRXUS  Seri"cea,  Cornus  amo'mus,  C.fce'mina, 
0.  ruhigino'sa,  C.  Sangvin'ea,  Suamp)  Dogwood, 
Red  Willow,  Rose  WilloiD,  Neic  England  Dog- 
loood,  Female  Dogwood,  Silky-leaved  Dowood, 
American  Red-rod  Cornel,  Blueberried  Dogwood, 
Bluelerried  Cornus,  (F.)  Cornouiller  soyeiix.  The 
bark,  it  is  said,  has  been  found  little  inferior  to 
Cinchona.  Pallida  in  intermittents. — Barton. 

CORXUTA.  Retort. 

CORODIALYSIS,  Coretomia. 

COROXA,  Crown  — c.  Ciliaris,  Ciliary  body— 
c.  Dentis,  Crown  of  a  tooth  —  c.  Glandis,  Crown 
of  the  glans — c.  Posterior  tilnas,  Olecranon. 

CoRO'xA  Ra'diaxs,  Radiating  Crown  of  Reil. 
Fasciculi  of  white  fibres  radiate  in  all  directions 
from  every  part  of  the  surface  of  the  optic  thala- 
mus, excepting  its  inner  side,  which  is  free  and 
corresponds  to  the  third  ventricle ;  the  anterior 
of  these  fibres  pass  directly  forwards,  the  middle 
fibres  outwards,  and  the  posterior  backwards, 
forming  the  coro'na  ra'dians. 

Corona  Regia,  Trlfolium  melilotus — c.  Ulnae, 
Olecranon — c.  Veneris,  Crown  of  Venus. 

COROXA  CILIARIS  MEMBRAXULA,  Cili- 
ary zone — c.  Palpebrarum,  see  Tarsus. 

COROXAD,  see  Coronal  Aspect. 

CORO'XAL,  Corona'lis,  Corona'riue.  Relating 
to  the  crown;  from  corona,  'a  crown.'  A  name 
formerly  given  to  the  frontal  bone,  because  on  it 
partly  reposes  the  crown  of  kings. 

Coronal  Aspect.  An  aspect  towards  the 
plane  of  the  corona  or  crown  of  the  head.  Coro- 
vad  is  used  adverbially  to  signify  'towards  the 
coronal  aspect.' — Barclay. 

Coronal  Suture,  Sutu'ra  corona'lis,  S.  Pronto- 
parieta'lis,  Pujipis  Sutu'ra,  S.  Arcua'lis.  The 
suture  of  the  head,  which  extends  from  one  tem- 
poral bone  to  the  other,  over  the  crown  of  the 
head,  and  unites  the  parietal  bones  with  tho 
frontal.  The  Suture  Coronule  of  the  French 
anatomists  is  the  suture  which  unites  the  two 
halves  of  the  os  frontis  at  the  early  period  of  life. 
It  is  a  prolonsation  of  the  sagittal. 

COROXALE,  MIXERAL  WATERS  OF. 
These  waters  are  found  near  Lucca,  in  Italy. 
They  received   their  name   Irom   an   erroneous 


CORONARIUS 


241 


CORPORA  ALBIGANTIA 


Eotlon,  that  they  are  particularly  adapted  for 
curing  diseases  of  the  os  frontis.  Their  tempe- 
rature is  95°  Fahrenheit.  They  contain  free 
carbonic  acid,  sulphates  of  lime  and  magnesia, 
chlorides  of  sodium  and  magnesium,  &c.,  and 
£Ome  iron. 

CORONARIUS,  Coronal. 

COR'ONARY,  Corona'rius,  (F.)  Coronaire, 
from  corona,  'a  crown.'     Resembling  a  crown. 

Cor'onary  Ar'tery  of  the  Stomach,  Arte'ria 
Corona' ria  Yentric'uli,  A,  Gas'triea  siipe'rior, 
(P.)  Artere  coronaire  stoinachique,  A.  Stomogas- 
trique  (Ch.),  is  one  of  the  branches  of  the  cceliae, 
which  passes  towards  the  superior  orifice  of  the 
stomach,  extends  along  its  lesser  curvature,  and 
ends  by  anastomosing  with  the  pyloric  branch 
of  the  hepatic.  This  artery  furnishes  branches 
to  the  inferior  part  of  the  oesophagus,  the  cardiac 
orifice,  the  great  cul-de-sac,  the  middle  part  of 
the  stomach,  the  lesser  omentum,  and  anasto- 
moses with  the  other  arteries  of  those  organs. 

Coronary  Ligament  of  the  liver  is  a  reflection 
of  the  peritoneum,  which  surrounds  the  posterior 
mai'gin  of  the  liver.  The  same  term  is  likewise 
applied  to  ligaments  which  unite  the  radius  and 
ulna. 

Coronary  Plexus  of  the  Heart.  The  ante- 
rior and  posterior  coronary  plexuses  of  the  heart 
are  derived  from  the  anterior  and  posterior  car- 
diac plexuses.     See  Cardiac  Plexus. 

Coronary  Plexus  of  the  Stomach.  This 
plexus  of  nerves  is  given  off  from  the  upper  part 
of  the  solar  plexus. 

Coronary  Sinus  of  the  Heart,  Sinus,  coro- 
nary, venous  —  c.  Sinus  of  Ptidley,  Sinus  corona- 
rius. 

Coronary  Vein  of  the  Stomach,  Vena  Ooro- 
na'ria  Ventric'uli,  aeeompanies  the  artery,  and 
terminates  in  the  vena  i^orta.  Sommering,  and 
some  other  anatomists,  call  all  the  four  arteries 
of  the  stomach  Gorona'rim  Stomach' ica. 
CORONCION,  Coreoncion. 
CORO'NE,  from  (copwv);,  'a  crow.'  The  coro- 
noid  process  of  the  lower  jaw. 

COR'OKOID,  CoronoV des,  from  KopMvij,  'a, 
'crow,'  and  ciSo;,  'shape,'  'resemblance.'  Re- 
sembling the  beak  of  a  crow.  This  name  has 
been  given  to  two  processes.  One,  situate  at  the 
anterior  and  superior  part  of  the  ramus  of  the  os 
maxillare  inferius,  and  affording  attachment  to 
the  temporal  muscle  :  the  other,  called,  also, 
sharp  process,  situate  at  the  superior  part  of  the 
ulna,  anterior  to  the  great  sigmoid  fossa,  and 
forming  a  nart  of  the  hinge  of  the  elbow-joint. 
CORONOPODIUM,  Plantago  coronopus. 
CORONOPUS,  Cochlearia  coronopus  —  c.  De- 
pressus,  Cochlearia  coronopus — c.  Ruellii,  Coch- 
learia coronopus  —  c.  Vulgaris,  Cochlearia  coro- 
nopus. 

COROTOMIA,  Coretomia. 
CORPORA  ALBICANTIA,  Mammillary  tu- 
bercles— c.  Arantii,  Noduli  Arantii,  Tubercula  A. 
— e.  Bigemina,  Quadrigemina  corpora — c.  Candi- 
cautia,  Albicantia  corpora,  Mammillary  tubercles 
—  c.  Cavei-nosa,  Cavernous  bodies  —  c.  Fibrosa, 
Corps  Fihreux. 

Cor'pora  Fimbria'tA,  TcBnia  Hippocam'pi, 
Fimbriated  or  fringed  bodies,  (F.)  Corps  Franges, 
C.  Bordes,  Bandelettes  des  Comes  d'Ammon,  Ban- 
delette  de  V IIip>p)ocampe.  The  thin,  flattened,  and 
very  delicate  band,  situate  along  the  concave  edge 
of  the  cornu  ammonis,  which  is  a  continuation 
of  the  posterior  crura  of  the  fornix. 

Corpora  Genioula'ta,  (F.)  Corps  GenicuUs, 
0.  genouilles.  Eminences  situate  at  the  lower 
and  outer  part  of  the  optic  thalami.  Each  optic 
tract  commences  at  the  corp'us  genictda'tum  ex- 
tern'um.  The  corpus  genicula'tum  inlern'um  is 
16 


merely  a  tubercle  inserted  into  the  bend  or  knee, 
formed  by  the  corpus  geniculatum  externiim. 

Corpora  Globosa  Cervicis  Uteri,  iNabothi 
glandulaa — c.  Lutea,  see  Corpus  luteum. 

Cor'pora  Malpighia'na,  ilalpig'hian  Bodies, 
Ac" ini,  Cor'2niscles  or  Glomerules  of  Malpig'hi. 
Scattered  through  the  plexus  formed  by  the 
blood-vessels  and  uriniferous  tubes  in  the  kid- 
ney, a  number  of  small  dark  points  may  be  seen 
with  the  naked  eye,  which  received  their  name 
from  Malpighi,  their  describer.  Each  of  these, 
under  the  microscope,  is  found  to  consist  of  a 
convoluted  mass  of  blood-vessels,  which  consti- 
tutes the  true  glandule,  corpuscle  or  glomerxde  of 
Malpighi.  It  was  at  one  time  supposed  that  the 
tubuli  uriniferi  originate  in  them ;  but  this  does 
not  appear  to  be  the  case.  Their  use  is  not  posi- 
tively known,  but  as  they  have  been  traced  by 
Mr.  Bowman  into  the  commencement  of  the  uri- 
nary tubes,  in  which  they  lie  uncovered,  it  has 
been  supposed  that  their  oflice  may  be  to  sepa- 
rate the  watery  portions  of  the  blood  to  be  mixed 
with  the  proper  urinous  matter. 

Corpora  Mammillaria,  Mammillary  tuber- 
cles—  c.  Nervio-spongiosa  Penis,  Corpora  caver- 
nosa— c.  Nervosa,  Corpora  cavernosa. 

Corpora  Oliva'ria,  C.  ova'ta,  Eminen'ticB  OH 
va'res  sen  ova'les  latera'les,  Oli'vcB,  Prominen' ti£ 
Semiova'lcs  IfedullcB  Oblonga'tcE,  [Eminences  la- 
terales,  Ch.)  Oblong,  whitish  eminences,  situate 
at  the  occipital  surface  of  the  medulla  oblongata, 
exterior  to  the  corpora  pyramidalia. 

Corpora  Ovata,  Corpora  olivaria — c.  Pisifor- 
mia,  Mammillary  tubercles. 

Corpora  Pyrajiida'lia,  Bmincn'tice  ^ji/row?.?- 
da'les  seu  media'ncB  inter'nm,  Pyra'mides,  (F.) 
Corps  piyramidaux,  Pyramides  anterieuree  (Gall), 
Eminences  pyramidcdes  [Ch..)  Two  small  medul- 
lary eminences,  placed  alongside  each  other,  at 
the  occipital  surface  of  the  medulla  oblongaite, 
between  the  corpora  olivaria.  These  bodies 
have  also  been  called  Corpora  Pyramidalia  an- 
ti'ca,  to  distinguish  them  from  the  C.  olivaria, 
which  have  been  called  Corpora  Pyramidalia 
latera'lia. 

Corpora  Pyramidalia  Posteriora,  Coi-pora 
restiformia — e.  Quadrigemina,  Q.  corpora. 

Corpora  Restifor'mia,  Crura  medul'la  ollon- 
ga'tcB,  Pedun'culi  mcdidlcB  oblonga'tm,  Corpora 
2}yramidalia  j^osterio'ra,  Proces' sus  d  cerebell'o 
ad  vieduU'am  oblonga'tum,  Pos'terior  pyramids, 
Ped'uncles  of  the  mednl'la  oblonga'ta.  Inferior 
peduncles  of  the  cerebellum,  (F.)  Corps  resti- 
formes,  Cuisses  posterieures,  Pyramides  2^osfe- 
rieures,  Bacines,  Bras  ou  Jambes  du  cervelet,  PS- 
tites  branches  de  la  moelle  allongee,  Pedoncules 
du  cervelet.  Two  medullary  projections,  oblong, 
and  of  a  whitish  appearance,  which  proceed  from 
each  side  of  the  upper  extremity  of  the  medulla 
oblongata,  and  contribute  to  the  formation  of  the 
cerebellum. 

Corpora  Stria'ta,  Grand  ganglion  8v2:>erieur 
du  cerveau  (Gall),  Couches  des  nerfs  ethmo'idaux, 
Corps  canneles,  Eminen'tim  Lentieula'res,  Collic'- 
rdi  Nervi  Ethmo'ida'lis,  Ap'ices  Crurum  medul'la 
oblonga'tcB,  Gan'glion  cer'ebri  ante'rius,  Anterior 
cerebral  ganglion,  (F.)  Corps  stries.  Pj'riform 
eminences  of  a  slightly  brownish-gray  colour, 
which  form  part  of  the  floor  of  the  lateral  ventri- 
cles of  the  brain.  When  cut,  a  mixture  of  gray 
and  white  substance  is  seen,  arranged  alter- 
nately, to  which  they  owe  their  name.  The  tract 
of  fibres  that  ascends  from  the  anterior  pj'ramids 
passes  chiefly  into  them.  Willis  considered  that 
the  soul  resided  there. 

Corpora  Striata  Superna  Posteriora,  Tha 
lami  nervorum  opticorum— c.  WolfSana,  see  Cor- 
pus Wolffianum. 


COUPS 


2i2 


CORPUS 


CORPS,  Body  —  c.  Bordes,  Corpora  fimliriata 
e.  Calleux,  Corpus  callosum  —  c.  CanneUs,  Cor- 
pora striata — c.  Caverneux,  Corpora  cavernosa — 
c.  Ceiidre,  Corpus  dentatum  —  c.  Ciliaire,  Corpus 
dentatum  —  c.  Dentele,  Corpus  dentatum  —  c. 
Etranger,  Extraneous  body — c.  Festonne,  Corpus 
dentatum. 

Corps  Fibredx,  Corpora  Fibro'sa.  Bayletas 
given  this  name  to  adventitious  fibrous  produc- 
tions of  a  round  form,  more  or  less  adherent, 
and  sometimes  having  a  pedicle,  which  form  in 
certain  parts  of  the  body,  particularly  in  the  sub- 
stance of  the  uterus. 

Corps  Frances,  Corpora  fimbriata — c.  Ge7n- 
cules,  Corpora  geniculata  —  c.  Godronne,  Fascia 
dentata — c.  Hyalo'ide,  Corpus  vitreum — c.  d'Hyg- 
more  ou  d' Hirjhmore,  Corpus  Highmori — c.  Jaime, 
Corpus  luteum — c.  Muqueuy,  Corpus  mucosum — ■ 
c.  Organises,  Organized  bodies — c.  Pampiniforme, 
Corpus  pampiniforme  —  c.  Pyramidaux,  Corpora 
pyramidalia — c.  Restifortnes,  Corpora  restiformia 
— c.  Rhomhoide,  Corpus  dentatum — c.  Stries,  Cor- 
pora striata — c.  Thyro'ide,  Thyroid  gland — c.  Va- 
riciforme,  Epididymis — c.  Variqueux,  Corpus  pam- 
piniforme. Epididymis — c.  Vitre,  Corpus  vitreum. 
COPi,P'ULENT,  Corpulen'tiw,  Ohe'sus,  Crassus, 
Fat,  Fleshy.  Having  an  unusual  development 
of  fat  or  flesh  in  proportion  to  the  frame  of  the 
body. 

CORPULEN'TIA,  Cor' pulence,  from  corpus, 
'the  body,'  and  lentiis,  'thick/  is  synonymous 
with  Obesity  and  Polysarcia. 

CoRPULENTiA  Carnosa,  Topositas. 
CORPUS,  Soma,  A  Body.  Any  object  'wLich 
strikes  one  or  more  of  our  senses.  Gases,  liquids, 
metals,  vegetables,  animals,  are  so  many  bodies. 
Natural  bodies  have  been  divided  into  animal, 
vegetable,  and  mineral;  or  into  tnor^anj'c,  includ- 
ing the  mineral  kingdom ;  and  organized,  includ- 
ing the  animal  and  vegetable.  The  chief  diifer- 
ences  between  organized  and  inorganic  bodies 
consists  in  the  former  having  an  origin  by  gene- 
ration, growth  by  nutrition,  and  tennination  by 
death  :  the  latter  a  foi-fuitovs  origin,  external 
growth,  and  a  termination  by  chemical  or  mecha- 
nical force. 

Many  parts  of  the  frame  have,  also,  been  dis- 
tinguished by  this  name,  as  Corpus  Callosum,  C. 
Mucosum,  &c.     See  Body. 

Corpus  Adeniforme,  Prostate — c.  Adenoides, 
Prostate  —  c.  Adiposum,  Pinguedo  —  c.  Alienum, 
Extraneous — c.  Annulare,  Pons  varolii. 

Corpus  Callo'suii,  Commissu'ra  Magna  cer'- 
ebri,  Trabs  Medtilla'ris  seu  Cer'ebri,  Trabec' ula 
sen  Cop'ida  magna  cer'ebri,  (F.)  Corps  Calleux, 
Vodte  medullaire,  Plafond  des  ventricules  du  cer- 
veaii,  Mesolobe  (Ch.)  A  white,  medullary  band, 
perceived  on  separating  the  two  hemispheres  of 
the  brain,  which  it  connects  with  each  other. 
La  Peyronie  regarded  it  as  the  seat  of  the  soul. 
On  it  are  seen  longitudinal  and  transverse  fibres 

—  Stria  lougitudina'les  Lancis'ii,  and  Strim 
transver'scB  Willis'ii.  The  anterior  portion, 
which  bends  downwards,  is  termed  genu;  the 
posterior  flexure,  sple'nium..  The  fibres,  which 
p.urve  backwards  into  the  posterior  lobes  from 
the  posterior  border  of  the  corpus  callosum,  have 
been  termed  Forceps  ;  those  which  pass  directly 
outwards  into  the  middle  lobes  from  the  same 
point,  Tape' turn;  and  those  which  curve  for- 
wards anil  inwards  from  the  anterior  border  to 
the  anterior  lobes,  ybrcep*  anterior. 

Corpus  Ciliare,  Ciliary  Body,  Corpus  denta- 
tum, Ree  Ciliary — c.  Uiuereum,  Corpus  dentatum 

—  c.  Cono'ides,  Pineal  gland  —  c.  Crystalloides, 
Crystalline. 

Corpus  Denta'tum,  C.  Dentictda'tnm,  C.  Cili- 
a'ri..  '^Y.)  Corps  dentele,  Corps  festonne,     A  cen-  , 


tral,  oval  nucleus,  of  cineritious  substance,  met 
with  in  the  cerebellum;  the  circumference  of 
which  exhibits  a  number  of  indentations,  sur- 
rounded by  medullary  substance. — Vicq  d'Azyr. 
It  is  seen  by  dividing  the  cerebellum  vertically 
into  two  equal  parts.  —  The  same  body  has  been 
called  Corps  cendre  ou  ciliaire  ou  rhombo'ide, 
Corpus  Cine'retim,  C.  Rhomhdideum  seu  Rhom- 
bo'idale.  Ganglion  du  cervelet.  Noyau  central  dea 
Pedoncules  du  cervelet.  Nucleus  dentatue  seu  fm- 
bria'tus  seu  centra'lis  sbvl  rhomboida'lis,  Substan'- 
tia  rhombo'idea,  Gan'glion  cilia're,  Gan'glion  ce- 
rebelli.  The  term  Corpxis  denta'tum,  Nu'cleus 
oli'vce,  is  also  given  to  the  ganglion  of  the  corpus 
olivare,  which,  like  that  of  the  cerebellum,  is  a 
yellowish-gray  dentated  capsule,  open  behind, 
and  containing  medullary  matter,  from  which  a 
fasciculus  of  fibres  proceeds  upwards  to  the  cor- 
pora quadrigemina  and  thalami  optici. 

Corpus  Denticulatum,  c.  Dentatum  —  c.  Dis- 
coides.  Crystalline  —  c.  Externum,  Extraneous 
body — e.  Extraneum,  Extraneous  body— c.  6e- 
nieulatum,  see  Corpora  Geniculata  —  e.  Glandi- 
forme.  Prostate  —  c.  Glandosum,  Prostate  —  c. 
Glandulosum,  Prostate. 

Corpus  Glandulo'sum  Mulie'rum,  Gland'ulea 
Pros'tatcB  mulie'rum.  A  vascular,  spongy  emi- 
nence, which  surrounds  the  orifice  of  the  urethra, 
and  projects  at  its  under  part. 

Corpus  Highmc'ri,  C.  Highmoria'num,  Medi- 
asti'num  testis,  Mea'tus  semina'rius,  (F.)  Corps 
d' Hygmore  ou  d'Highmore,  Sinus  des  Vaisseaitx 
seminiferes,  (Ch.)  An  oblong  eminence,  along 
the  superior  edge  of  the  testicle,  which  seems 
formed  of  a  reflection  of  the  tunica  albuginea, 
through  which  the  principal  trunks  of  the  semi- 
niferous vessels  pass  before  they  reach  the  epidi- 
dymis. 

Corpus  IjrcoifPREHExsiBLE,  Thymus. 
Corpus  Lu'iEmr,  (F.)  Corjjs  Jaime.  A  small 
yellowish  body,  perceived  in  the  ovarium,  and 
left  after  the  rupture  of  one  of  the  vesicles.  It 
was,  for  a  long  time,  considered  an  evidence  of 
previous  impregnation  ;  but  it  is  now  maintained 
that  Corpora  lutea  may  be  met  with  in  unques- 
tionable virgins ;  although  the  corpora  lutea  of 
virgins  have  been  generally  regarded  to  differ 
materially,  in  size  and  character,  from  those  of 
impregnation,  which  have  been  called  true  cor- 
piora,  lutea,  in  contradistinction  to  the  other, 
which  have  been  called /a ?se  corpora  lutea. 

Corpus  Muco'sum,  C.  retietda're,  Rete  mvco'- 
sum,  Mucus  seu  Rele  seu  Stratum  Maljng'hii,  Re- 
tie'ulum  cuta'neum  seu  muco'sum,  Mesoderm' urn, 
Mucous  tceb,  (F.)  Corpis  muqueux.  The  second 
layer  of  the  skin  has  been  so  called.  It  is  situ- 
ate between  the  cutis  vera  and  cuticle,  and  gives 
colour  to  the  body.  In  the  white  varieties  of  our 
species  it  is  colourless  ;  in  the  negro,  black.  By 
some  anatomists  the  existence  of  such  a  layer, 
distinct  from  the  epidermis,  is  denied. 
Corpus  Okexse,  Corpus  Wolfiianum. 
Corpus  Pampixifor'miS,  G.  Varico'sum,  from 
pampinus,  'a  tendril.'  Cor'pus  pyramida'le,  Ile- 
dera'ceus  plexus,  Plexus  pampiniform' is.  Plexus 
vasoulo'sus  funic'uli  spermatid  pampiniformis, 
(F.)  Corps  pampiniforme,  C.  Variqueux.  The 
plexus  or  retiform  arrangement  of  the  spermatic 
art«ries  and  veins  in  the  cavity  of  the  abdomen, 
anterior  to  the  psoas  muscle. 

Corpus  Papillarb,  Textus  Papilht'ria,  Cor- 
pus reticula're.  The  nervous  and  vascular  pa- 
pilla situate  beneath  the  epidermis,  called  by 
Breschet  Neurothelic  aj:iparatus. 

Corpus  Phacoides,  Crystalline  —  c.  Pituitnrc, 
Pituitary  gland  —  c.  Psalloides,  Lyra  —  c.  Pyra- 
midale,  Corpus  pampiniforme — c.  Rcticulnrc,  Cor-' 
pus  mucosum,  Corpus  Papillare — c.  Rhomboidalek 


CORPUSCLES 


243 


V.ORRUPTION 


Corpus  dentatum— c.  Pihomboideum,  Corpus  den- 
tatum — c.  Thymiamum,  Thymus — e.  Thymicum, 
Thymus  — c.  Thyreoideum,  Thyroid  gland  —  c. 
Turbiuatum,  Pineal  gland — c.  Yaricosum,  Corpus 
pampiniforme.  Spermatic  chord  —  c.  Yaricosum 
testis,  Epididymis. 

Corpus  SpoNGio'srsi  Ure'thr^,  Suhstan'tia 
spnngio'sa  ure'tkrce.  This  substance  arises  before 
the  prostate  gland,  surrounds  the  urethra,  and 
forms  the  bulb.  It  then  proceeds  to  the  end  of 
the  corpora  cavernosa,  and  terminates  in  the 
glans  penis,  ■which  it  forms.  Kobelt  describes, 
ia  the  female,  as  the  analogue  to  the  corpus  spon- 
giosum of  the  male,  a  venous  plexus,  which,  as 
it  lies  between  the  glans  clitoridis,  and  the  part 
that  corresponds,  in  the  male,  to  the  bulb  of  the 
urethra,  he  terms  ^jars  interme'dia. 

Corpus  Yit'reuii,  Humor  Vitreus,  H.  Hya- 
loVdes  seu  liyal'inxis,  Glacia'lia  humor,  Vitreous 
humor,  (F.)  Corps  vitre,  C.  hyaloide,  Humeur 
hyalo'ide.  The  transparent  mass,  of  a  gelatinous 
consistence,  which  fills  the  eye,  behind  the  crys- 
talline. It  is  contained  in  cells,  formed  by  the 
tunica  hynloidea. 

Corpus  Wollfia'xujt,  Cor/uts  OJien'se,  Wolffian 
body.  At  a  very  early  period  of  foetal  formation, 
bodies  are  perceptible,  which  were  first  described 
by  Wolff,  as  existing  in  the  fowl,  and  in  the  mam- 
malia by  Oken.  According  to  Muller,  they  dis- 
appear in  man  very  early,  so  that  but  slight  re- 
mains of  them  are  perceptible  after  the  9th  or 
lOth  week  of  pregnancy.  They  cover  the  region 
of  the  kidneys  and  renal  capsules,  which  are 
formed  afterwards;  and  they  are  presumed  to 
be  the  organs  of  urinary  secretion  during  the  first 
periods  of  foetal  existence. 

CORPUSCLES,  BLOOD,  Globules  of  the  blood 
— c.  Bone,  see  Lacunse  of  Bone — c.  Caudate,  see 
Caudate  —  c.  Chyle,  see  Chyle. 

Corpuscles,  Exuda'tiox.  The  organizable 
nuclei  contained  in  fibrinous  fluids,  which  are 
the  origin  of  the  new  tissues  formed  from  such 
fluids 

Corpuscles,  Ganglion,  see  Neurine  —  c. 
Glandiform,  Acinus  —  c.  Lymph,  see  Lymph — c. 
of  Malpighi,  Corpora  Malpighiana  —  c.  Mucous, 
see  Mucus  —  c.  Osseous,  see  Lacunse  of  bone. 

Corpuscles,  Pacin'ian,  so  called  from  Filippo 
Pacini,  an  Italian  physician,  who,  it  is  generally 
conceived,  first  noticed  them  in  1830.  They  ap- 
pear, however,  to  have  been  depicted  in  1741  by 
Lehmann,  from  a  preparation  by  A.  Vater,  who 
called  them  Papillm  and  P.  nervem.  Hence,  it 
has  been  proposed  by  J.  C.  Strahl  (18-18)  to  call 
them  Vaterian  cor2DuscIes  or  Corpuscles  of  Vater 
(Yater'sche  Korperchen.)  Small  bodies  con- 
nected with  the  cutaneous  nerves  of  the  palm  and 
sole.  They  have  also  been  found  sparingly  and 
inconstantly  in  nerves  at  the  wrist  and  elbow; 
in  the  upper  arm,  fore-arm,  and  thigh,  and  inter- 
costal nerve,  the  sacral  plexus,  solar  plexus  and 
the  plexuses  adjacent  to  it.  In  each  corpuscle 
there  is  the  termination  of  a  nervous  filament. 
Their  uses  are  not  known. 

Corpuscles  op  Purkinje,  see  Canaliculus — c. 
Pus,  see  Pus — c.  Pyoid,  see  Pus — c.  Splenic,  see 
Spleen — c.  of  Yater,  C.  Pacinian — c.  White  granu- 
lated, see  Globulin. 

CORPUSCULA  ARANTII,  Tubercula  A.— 
c.  Glandularum  similia  intestinorum,  Peyeri 
glandules  —  e.  Glcbosa  cervicis  uteri,  Kabothl 
glandukc  —  c.  Ossium,  see  Lacuna2  of  bone. 

CORPUSCULUM  ARANTII,  see  Sigmoid 
valves  —  c.  Sesamoideum,  see  Sigmoid  valves. 

CORRAGO,  Borago  officinalis. 

CORRE,  Corse,  from  Keipu),  '  1  shave.'  (?)  The 
temples  or  the  part  of  the  jaws,  which  it  is  usual 
to  shave. — Gorrseus. 


CORRECTTF,  Corrigent. 

CORRECTION,  CorrecUio,  from  comgere, 
(con,  and  regere,  'to  rule  or  crder,')  'to  correct.' 
The  act  of  correcting  medicines  ;  that  is,  of  dimi- 
nishing their  energy  or  obviating  unpleasant  ef- 
fects, by  mixing  them  with  substances  which 
mitigate  their  operation. 

CORRECTORIUS,  Corrigens. 

CORRELATION,  see  Synergy. 

CORRIGEEN  MOSS,  Fueus  crispus. 

COR'RIGENT,  Cor'rigens,  Correcto'rius,  Cas- 
ti'gans,  Infrin'gens,  Emeu' dans  :  same  etymon. 
(F.)  Gorrectif.  That  which  corrects.  A  corri- 
gent, in  a  pharmaceutical  formula,  is  a  substance 
added  to  a  medicine  to  mollify  or  modify  its  ac- 
tion. In  the  following  formula,  the  aloes,  if  not 
corrected,  might  induce  tormina.  The  Oleum 
MenthcB  is  added  as  a  corrigent. 

B     -^loes  5J 

Olei  MenthcB  gtt.  v 

Syrup  q.  s.  lit  Ji ant  PihdcB  xvj 

CORRIG"IA.  A  leathern  strap.  By  exten- 
sion, the  term  has  been  applied  to  the  tendons 
and  ligaments. 

CORROB'ORANT,  CorroVorans,  EoVorana, 
Ifuscida'ris,  liestau'rans,  Restor'ative,  Bracing, 
from  corrohorare,  (eon,  and  rohur,  'strength,') 
'to  strengthen.'  (F.)  Corroborant,  Corroboratif, 
Fortifiant.  Any  substance  which  strengthens 
and  gives  tone.  Wine,  for  example,  is  a  corrobo- 
rant.    See  Tonic. 

CORROBORANTIA,  Tonics. 

CORROBORATIF,  Corroborant. 

CORROBANT,  Corrosive. 

CORRODENS,  Corrosive. 

CORROSIF,  Corrosive. 

CORRO'SION,  Corro'sio,  Biabro'sis,  Anahro-'. 
sis,  Ero'sio,  from  con,  and  rodere,  rosnm,  'to 
gnaw.'  The  action  or  effect  of  corrosive  sub- 
stances. 

CORRO'SIYE,  Corro'dens,  Biabrot'icns,  Cor- 
rosi'vus,  same  etymon.  (F.)  Corrosif,  Corrodant. 
Corrosives  are  substances,  which,  when  placed  in 
contact  with  living  parts,  gradually  disorganize 
them.  Caustic  alkalies.  Mineral  acids.  Corrosive 
sublimate,  are  corrosives.  They  act  either  di- 
rectly, by  chemically  destroying  the  pa,rt,  —  or 
indirectly,  by  causing  inflammation  and  gangrene. 

Corrosive  Poison,  see  Poison. 

CORRUGATIO,  Corrugation  —  c.  Cutis, 
Wrinkle. 

CORRUGA'TIOlSr,  Corrvga'tio,  SyncB'rema, 
from  con,  and  ruga,  'a  wrinkle.'  Wrinkling, 
Frowning,  {¥.)  Froncement ;  the  contraction  of 
the  Corrvgato'res  Supercil'ii  muscles.  Corruga- 
tion of  the  skin  is  often  owing  to  the  application 
of  styptic  medicines  :  it  is  rendered  by  them  un- 
equal and  rugous. 

CORRUGATOR  COITERII,  Corrugator  sn- 
percilii. 

Corruga'tor  Supercil'ii,  from  corn/i/are,  'to 
wrinkle ;'  same  etymon.  Mus'cuhis  s-up)erciri%j 
Supercilia'ris,  Jhis'culus  fronta'lis  verus  seu  Cor- 
ruga'tor Coite'rii,  (F.)  Cutaneo-soui-cilier, Muscle 
Sourcilier  ou  Surcilier,  M.  Fronto-Sourcilier.  A 
muscle  situate  in  the  eyebrows.  It  is  attached, 
by  its  inner  extremity,  to  the  superciliary  ridge, 
and  is  confounded,  externally,  with  the  occipito- 
frontalis  and  orbicularis  palpebrarum.  It  carries 
the  eyebrow  inwards,  and  wrinkles  the  skin  of 
the  forehead. 

CORRUP'TION,  Corritp'tio,  Phthora,Biaph'. 
thora,  from  corrumpere,  corruptum;  [con,  and 
rwnpere,  'to  break,)  'to  destroy.'  Act  of  cor- 
rupting. State  of  being  corrupted.  Reaction  of 
the  particles  of  a  body  upon  each  other.  It  is 
probable  that  something  like  corruption  may  taio 
place  even  in  the  living  body. 


CORSE 


244 


COSMETICS 


CORSE,  Corre. 

CORSET,  from  (]F.)  corps,  'the  body.'  Ste- 
(hodesm'ium,  Stethodesm'is,  StetTiodeam'us,  Tu'nica 
Thoi-a'cis,  Thorax,  Pectora'le.  An  article  of 
drtss,  which  closely  embraces  the  trunk,  and  is 
much  used  by  females  in  civilized  countries. 
When  corsets  or  stays  are  worn  very  tight,  many 
gerious  evils  resultfrom  the  unnatural  compression. 
Ditierent  bandages,  more  or  less  complicated, 
which  embrace  the  greater  part  of  the  trunk,  are 
likewise  so  called. 

CORSET  BE  BRASDOR.     The  name  of  a 
bandage  invented  by  one  Brasdor,  to  keep  in  situ 
the  fragments  of  a  fractured  clavicle. 
CORTALON,  Senecio. 

C0RTEX,^P/(to!'o8,  Phloos,  Phlous,  Lemma, 
Bark,  (F.)  Ecorce.  This  word  has  often  been 
applied  exclusively  to  Cinchona:  thus,  we  say 
Bark — the  cortex  or  io.rk  kut'  t^ox,iv.  It  means, 
also,  any  bark. 

Cortex  Adstbing"ens  Brasilien'sis.  An  as- 
tringent bark  introduced  from  Brazil  into  Ger- 
many in  the  year  1828.  It  is  said  to  be  obtained 
from  Mimosa  coehleacarpa  seu  virgina'lis.  It 
has  been  used  with  advantage  in  all  cases  in 
wiieh  astringent  barks  in  general  are  indicated. 
Dose  of  the  powder  ^j  to  ^ss. 

Cortex  Alcomoco,  Alcomoque — c.  Anisi  stel- 
la^.i,  see  Ulicium  anisatum  —  c.  Antiscorbuticus, 
Canella  alba  —  c.  Aromatious,  Ca,nella  alba  —  c. 
Aurantii,  see  Citrus  aurantium — c.  CanellEe  Ma- 
labarieaj,  Laurus  cassia — c.  Cardinalis  del  Lugo, 
Cinchona — c.  Caryophyllatus,  see  Myrtus  carj'o- 
phyllata — e.  Caryophylloides,  Laurus  culilawan. 
Cortex  Cer'ebei.  The  C'or'tical,  Ginerit"ioiis, 
Vesic' ular  or  Gray  substance  of  the  Brain.  The 
gray  jjortion  observed  at  the  exterior  of  the  cere- 
brum and  cerebellum ;  so  called  because  it  forms 
a  kind  of  bark  to  the  medullary  substance.  Gall 
considers,  that  this  substance  forms  the  nerves ; 
and  therefore  calls  it  Substance  matrice  des  Nerfs. 
The  name  cortical  is  likewise  given  to  the  ex- 
ternal substance  of  the  kidneys,  because  it  is  of 
a  deej)er  colour  than  the  inner  part  of  the  organ, 
and  forms  a  kind  of  envelope  to  it. 

Cortex  Chacarill^,  Croton  Cascarilla  —  c. 
Chinse,  Cinchona — c.  Chinse  regius.  Cinchona — 
c.  Crassior,  Laurus  cassia — c.  Culilaban,  see  Lau- 
rus Culilawan — c.  Culilawan,  Laurus  Culilawan — 
c.  Eleutherise,  Croton  cascarilla — c.  Flavus,  Cin- 
chona cordifolias  cortex — c.  Lavola,  see  Illicium 
anisatum — c.  Magellanicus,  seeWinteraaromatica. 
Cortex  Ovi,  Cortical  membrane.  This  mem- 
brane, so  called  by  Boer  and  Granville,  is  usually 
regarded  as  a  uterine  production,  and  designated 
Becid'ua  reflex'a.  They  consider  it  to  surround 
the  ovule,  when  it  descends  into  the  uterus,  and 
to  enclose  the  shaggy  chorion.  It  is  absorbed 
during  the  first  months  of  utero-gestation,  so  as 
to  expose  the  next  membrane  to  the  contact  of 
the  decidua,  with  which  a  connexion  takes  place 
at  the  part  where  the  placenta  is  to  be  formed. 
In  that  part,  Boer  and  Granville  consider,  that 
the  Cortex  Ovi  is  never  altogether  obliterated, 
but  only  made  thinner,  and  in  process  of  time  is 
converted  into  a  mere  pellicle  or  envelope,  which 
not  only  serves  to  divide  the  filiform  vessels  of 
the  chorion  into  groups  or  cotyledons,  in  order 
to  form  the  placenta,  but  also  covers  those  coty- 
ledons. This  Dr.  Granville  calls  membra'na  pro' - 
pria.     See  Decidua  membrana. 

Cortex  Pallidtjs,  Cinchonse  lancifolife  cortex 
--C.  Patrum,  Cinchona — c.  Peruvianus,  Cinchona 
f..  Profluvii,  Xerium  antidysentericum — c.  Ruber, 
CinchonEB  oblongifoliae  cortex  —  c.  Striata  den- 
tiam,  Enamel  of  the  teeth  —  c.  Thuris,  Croton 
cascarilla — c.  Winteranus,  see  Wintera  aromati- 
eum  — c.  Winteranus  spurius,  Canella  alba. 


COR'TICAL,  Cortica'lis;  from  cortex,  'bark.' 
Belonging  to  bark. 

Cortical  Matter  of  the  Brain,  Cortex  Cere- 
bri— c.  Membrane,  Cortex  Ovi — c.  Substance  of 
the  Kidney,  see  Kidney  —  c.  Substance  of  the 
Teeth,  see  Tooth. 

CORTUSA  AMERICANA,  Heuchera  cortusa. 

CORU.     An  Indian  tree,  the  bark  of  whose 

root  furnishes  a  milky  juice,  which  is  cmxjloyed 

in  diarrhoea   and  dj'sentery.     It  is  also   called 

Corn  Canar'ica. 

CORUSCATIO,  Astrape. 

CORVISARTIA  HELENIUM,  Inula  hele- 
nium. 

CORYBAN'TIASM,  Coryhantias'mus,  Cory- 
lantis'mus,  from  Kopv^ag,  one  of  the  Corybantes. 
A  name  formerly  given  to  a  kind  of  pihrensy,  in 
which  the  sick  were  tormented  by  fantastic  vi- 
sions, and  perpetual  want  of  sleep. 

CORYDALIS  BULLOSA,  Fumaria  bulbosa— 
c.  Cava,  Fumaria  bulbosa — c.  Tuberosa,  Fumaria 
bulbosa. 

COR'TLUS  AVELLA'NA,  Bundnrh,  Cor'ylns, 
Avclla'na,  The  Hazel-nut  Tree,  (F.)  Covdrier, 
Noisetier ;  Family,  Amentacese ;  Sex.  Syst.  Mo- 
noscia  Polyandria.  The  nut, — Filbert,  (F.)  Ave- 
line ;  Hazel-nut,  (F.)  Noisette,  —  of  this  tree,  is 
much  eaten  in  many  countries.  Like  all  nuts,  it 
is  by  no  means  easy  of  digestion.  It  is  the  A'«x 
avella'na,  Kapvov  IIwvtikov,  of  the  ancients. 

Cor'ylus  Rostra'ta,  Beaked  Hazel.  An  in- 
digenous shrub,  A^at.  Ord.  Amentacese ;  Sub-or- 
der, Cupuliferse  :  Sex.  Syst.  Moncecia  Polyandria  ; 
the  nut  of  which  is  surrounded  by  a  coriaceous 
and  scalj'  involucre,  terminating  in  a  tube  co- 
vered with  short  and  thick  bristles.  These  bristles 
have  been  given  as  an  anthelmintic  in  the  same 
cases  and  doses  as  mucuna. 

CORYMBETRA,  Hedera  helix. 
CORYNE,  Penis. 

CORYPHE,  Acme,  Vertex  — c.  Cordis,  see 
Mucro. 

CORY'ZA,  Grave'do,  Rhini'fis,  Catastag'mos^ 
Catastalag' mo8,  Stillicid'ium  Na'rium,  Phlegma- 
torrhay"ia,Blennorrhce'a7ia8a'Hs,Blennorrhin'ia, 
Des' tillatio,  Catar'rhus  ad  Nares,  C.  nasa'lis, 
Rhinocatar'rhus,  Angi'na  nasa'lis:  vulgarly,  'run. 
ning  at  the  nose,'  'a  cold  in  the  head:'  in  French, 
Rhume  de  cerveau,  Catarrhe  nasal,  Enchifrene~ 
ment;  in  Old  English,  Pose  or  Mur j  whence 
Murren  and  Murrain;  from  xopvg,  or  Kapa,  'the 
head,'  and  ^tu,  '  I  boil.'  Inflammation,  attended 
with  increased  discharge,  of  the  Schneiderian 
membrane  lining  the  nose,  and  the  sinuses  com- 
municating with  it.  The  affection  generally  sub- 
sides without  any  medical  treatment. 

Chronic  Coryza  is  termed,  also,  Osm'na  he 
nig'na. 

CoRYZA  ExTONicA,  Ozosna — c.  Maligna,  Ozasna 
— e.  Ozaenosa,  Ozasna — c.  Purulenta,  Ozaena — c. 
Scarlatinosa,  Rhinocace — c.  Ulcerosa,  Ozana — c 
Virulenta,  Ozana. 

COSCINISMUS,  Cribration. 
COSCINOI,  see  Cribration. 
COSMESIS,  Cosmetics. 

COSMET'ICS,  Ars  cosmet'ica,  CalUpis'tria, 
Cosme'sia,  (  F. )  Cosm&ticjve,  from  koct/juv,  '  to 
adorn,'  'to  embellish.'  The  art  of  improving 
the  beauty.  Cosmetic,  Stilho'ma,  is,  also,  iised 
for  the  different  means  employed  for  that  pur- 
pose;  as  the  compounds  into  which  enter  the 
oxides  of  lead,  bismuth,  mercury,  arsenic,  <tc. 
All  these,  however,  injure  the  sWn,  and  often 
give  rise  to  unpleasant  cutaneous  aflections.  Fre- 
quent ablution  with  cold  water  and  bathing  are 
the  best  cosmetics.  Essences,  soaps,  and  aU  the 
preparations  intended  for  the  toilet,  fall,  also, 
under  this  head. 


C0S3IETIQUE 


245 


COSMETIQUE,  Cosmetics. 
COSMETOL'OGY,  Co!smetolog"ia,  from  koitjxuv, 
'  to  adorn  ;'  and  Xoyo;,  '  a  discourse.'     A  treatise 
on  the  dress,  and  cleanliness  of  the  body. 

COSMOS,  from  Koaiiog,  'the  world,'  'order,'  &c. 
The  order  which  was  supposed  to  preside  over 
critical  days.  Hippocrates  and  others  have  termed 
Koaixoi,  'bracelets,'  employed,  not  only  as  orna- 
ments {koojiuv,  'to  adorn,')  but  as  therapeutical 
agents. 

COSSA,  Haunch. 

COSSUM.  A  malignant  ulcer  of  the  nose,  often 
of  a  sj'philitie  character. — Paracelsus. 

COSSUS,  Cossis.  A  sort  of  white,  short,  thick 
worm  or  larve,  found  in  trees,  logs  of  wood,  <fee., 
and  used  by  the  E,omaus  as  a  great  article  of 
gourmandise.  They  were,  also,  applied  to  ulcers. — 
Pliny.  The  term  has,  likewise,  been  given  to 
small  vermiform  pimples  on  the  face  —  Acne  — 
which  arise  from  inflammation  of  the  sebaceous 
follicles. 

COSTA,  Pleura,  Pleurum,  Pleuro'ma.  KEih, 
from  custodire,  'to  guard,'  'defend:'  (F.)  Cote. 
The  ribs  are  24  in  number; — 12  on  each  side. 
They  are  irregular,  long,  bony  curves  :  slightly 
flattened,  and  situate  obliquely  at  the  sides  of  the 
chest.  The  intervals  between  them  are  called 
Intercos'tal  spaces,  (F.)  Espnces  intereostaux,  and 
they  are  numbered _/!')-sf,seco?i(:Z,  third,  Ac,  reckon- 
ing from  above  to  below.  They  have  been  dis- 
tinguished into  CostcB  vercB,  Pleurajwph'yses  of 
Owen,  True  ribs,  (V.)  Vraies  Cotes,  Cotes  sternales, 
Cotes  vertebro-sternales  (Ch.,)  and  into  Costa  spu'- 
ricB,  Mendo'sm  Costcs,  Notlim  Costa,  False  ribs, 
Cotes  asternales  (Ch.,),  Fausses  Cotes.  The  ti'ue 
or  sternal  ribs,  as  they  have  also  been  called,  are 
the  first  7  ;  which  are  articulated  at  one  extremity 
to  the  spine,  and  at  the  other,  by  means  of  their 
cartilages,  hcemapophyses  of  Owen,  to  the  ster- 
num. The  false  ribs  are  the  remaining  5  :  the 
uppermost  three  being  united,  by  means  of  their 
cartilages,  to  the  cartilage  of  the  last  true  rib. 
The  others  are  free  at  their  external  extremity, 
and,  hence,  have  been  called  Floating  ribs.  Cotes 
jlottantes.  The  vertebral  extremity  of  each  rib 
is  slightly  expanded.  It  is  called  the  head  of  the 
rib — Capit'ulum  Costm  :  the  space  between  this 
and  the  tubercle  is  the  collum  or  neck.  Anterior 
to  the  tubercle  is  the  angle.  The  angle  is  the  part 
where  the  bone  bends  to  form  the  lateral  part  of 
the  thorax. 

COSTiE  CAPITULUM,  see  Costa  — c.  Men- 
dosas,  see  Costa — c.  Spuria^,  see  Costa — c.  Vera3, 
see  Costa. 

COSTAL,  Costa'lis,  from  eosta,  'a  rib.'  Apper- 
taining or  relating  to  a  rib — as  '  costal  cartilage.' 

COSTIVE,  Constipated. 

COSTIVENESS,  Constipation. 

COSTMART,  Tanacetum  balsamita. 

COSTO-ABDCMINAL,  Obliquus  externus  ab- 
dominis— c.  Basi-seapulaire,  Serratus  magnus — 
c.  Clnviculaire,  Subclavian  muscle. 

COSTO-CLAVIC'ULAR,  Costo-Clavicula'ris. 
Belonging  to  the  ribs  and  clavicle. 

Costo-Clavic'ular  Lis'ambnt,  Cleidocostal 
Ligameut,  is  a  fibrous,  flattened  fascia,  which  ex- 
tends, obliquely,  from  the  cartilage  of  the  first  rib 
to  the  inferior  surface  of  the  clavicle. 

COSTO-CORACOiDlEN,  Pectoralis  minor 
—  c.  Scapulaire,  Serratus  magnus. 

COSTO-STERNAL,  Costo- Sterna' lis.  Relating 
to  the  ribs  and  sternum.  The  articulation  of  the 
sternum  with  the  anterior  extremity  of  the  first 
seven  ribs. 

COSTO-TRACHELIA'NUS.  Relating  to  the 
ribs  and  to  the  trachelian  or  transverse  processes 
of  the  neck.     Under  the  name  Costo-trache'lian, 


COTYLEDON 

Chaussier  designates  the  anterior  and  posterior 
scaleni. 

COSTO-TRANSVERSA'RIUS.  Reluting  to 
the  ribs,  and  to  the  transverse  processes. — Bichat 
gave  this  name  to  the  articulation  of  the  tubero- 
sities of  the  ribs  with  the  transverse  processes  of 
the  spine. 

COSTO-VER'TEBRAL,  Costo-vertelra'Us. 
Belonging  to  the  ribs  and  vertebrae. — Bichat  gave 
this  name  to  the  articulation  of  the  head  of  the 
ribs  with  the  vertebras,  and  to  the  ligaments  con- 
nected with  it. 

COSTO-XIPHOID,  Costo-xipJiol'deus.  The 
name  of  a  ligament,  which  unites  the  cartilage  of 
the  seventh  rib  to  the  xiphoid  or  ensiform  carti- 
lage. 

COSTUS.  The  ancients  seem  to  have  given 
this  name  to  several  plants.  One  has  borne  the 
appellation,  since  the  time  of  Dioscorides,  —  the 
Costus  Arab'ieus,  Costus  In'dicus,  C.  specio'sus  seu 
ama'rus,  dulcis,  orienta'lis,  Amo'mum  hirsu'tum, 
Helle'nia  grandijlo'ra,  Bank'sia  specio'sa,  Tsia'na, 
(F.)  Canne  Congo,  Canne  de  Riviere:  Family, 
Amomeae,  Sex.  Syst.  Monandria  Monogynia ;  the 
root  of  which  is  aromatic,  and  has  been  considered 
tonic,  carminative,  diuretic,  emmenagogue,  &c. 
The  virtues  of  the  ancient  costus  are  highly  ex- 
tolled.— Theophrastus,  Dioscorides,  Pliny,  Galen. 

CosttjS  Amarus,  &c.,  Costus — c.  Arabicus,  Cos- 
tus—  c.  Corticosus,  Canella  alba  —  c.  Hortorum, 
Tanacetum  balsamita — c.  Hortorum  minor,  Achil- 
lea ageratum  —  c.  Indicus,  Costus — c.  Nigra,  Cy- 
nara  scolymus — c.  Speciosus,  Costus. 

COSTYLB,  Cotyle. 

COTA,  Anthemis  cotula. 

COTARO'NIUM ;  an  obscure  term,  used  by 
Paracelsus  for  a  universal  solvent ;  such  a  thing 
as  does  not  exist. 

COTE,  Costa. 

CdTES,  COL  BES,  Collum  cost.irum— c.  As- 
ternales,  see  Costa — c.  Fausses,  see  Costa — e.  Flot- 
tantes,  see  Costa — c.  Sternales,  see  Costa — e.  Ver- 
tebrosternales,  see  Costa — c.  Vraies,  see  Costa. 

CO  TIGNA C,  (pron.  cotinniac. )  A  kind  of  con- 
serve or  preserve,  prepared  from  quinces  not  en- 
tirely ripe,  and  sugar.  It  is  esteemed  stomachic 
and  astringent. 

CO  TON,  Gossypium. 

COTONIA,  Pyrus  cydonia. 

COTTON,  Gossypium. 

COTULA,  Anthemis  cotula — c.  Fcetida,  An- 
themis cotula. 

Cotula  Multif'ida.  A  South  African  plant, 
which  is  used  by  the  Hottentots  in  rheumatism, 
scalds  and  cutaneous  diseases. 

COTUN'NIUS,  LIQUOR  OF,  Liq'uor  Cotun'. 
nil,  L.  of  Cotug'no,  Aquitla  acus'tica,  Aqua  aiidi- 
to'ria,  Per'ilymph,  (F.)  Lymphe  de  Cotugno.  A 
transparent,  slightly  viscid  fluid,  which  fills  all 
the  cavities  of  the  internal  ear,  and  of  which  Co- 
tugno made  mention.  It  is  also  called  Aqua  La~ 
byrinth'i. 

COTURNIX,  Tetrao  coturnix. 

COTTLE,  Cot'yla,  Cotyle' don,  Cos'tyle ,  iho 
same  as  Acetab'idum.  A  hollow  cavity  in  a  bone, 
which  receives  the  head  of  another  bone  :  parti- 
cularly 'the  cotyloid  cavity.'  KorvXn  signified  a 
drinking  cup,  and,  indeed,  any  thing  hollow,  as 
the  hollow  of  the  hand. — AthenESUs. 

COTYLEDON,  Cotyle  — c.  Marina,  Umbilicus 
marinus. 

Cottle'don  Orbicula'ta.  a  plant  of  South 
Africa,  Nat.  Ord.  CrassulaceEe.  The  fresh  juice 
is  used  in  epilepsy ;  and  Dr.  Pappe  speaks  well  of 
it.  The  leaves  form  a  good  anplicatiou  to  hard 
corns.  CroBs'ula  arhores'cens  has  the  fame  pr > 
perties. 


COT'YLOID 


246 


CO  URGE 


Cot  tle'don  Umbili'cus,  C.  U.  Vene'Hs,  Xavel- 
tvort,  Venus'a  Navelwort,  (P.)  Nomhril  de  Venus. 
A  plant  of  the  Family,  Crassulacese,  wbich  grows 
in  Europe  on  old  walls  and  rocks.  The  leaves 
are  emollient  and  applied  externally  to  piles, 
inflamed  parts,  &c.  Internally,  the  juice  has  been 
given  in  epilepsy.  The  flowers  have  been  used 
in  calculous  cases,  and  in  dropsy. 

Cotyle'dons,  [KOTvhibtav, '  the  hollow  of  a  cup,') 
Aeetab'ula  uteri'na.  The  lobes  which,  by  their 
union,  form  the  placenta. 

COT'YLOID,  OotijIoVdes,  CotyloVdeus,  Cotylo'- 
des,  from  kotvXti,  'a  drinking  cup,' and  £(5of,  'form.' 
Resembling  the  ancient  kotvX'i.  The  name  of 
a  hemispherical  cavity,  situate  in  the  os  innomi- 
natiim,  which  receives  the  head  of  the  os  femo- 
ris  ; — Fossa  eotyloidea,  Sinus  Ooxcb,  Acetab'idum, 
Pyxis. 

Cot'yloid  Lig'ament,  Ligamen'tum  Cotylo'i- 
dcum,  (F.)  Ligament  cotylo'idien,  is  a  very  thick, 
fibro-cartilaginous  ring,  surrounding  the  cotyloid 
cavity,  the  depth  of  which  it  increases. 

GOU,  Collum  —  c.  dii  Pied,  Instep  —  c.  Gros, 
Bronchocele. 

COUCH  GRASS,  Triticum  repens. 

COUCHE,  Couches,  (F.),  from  coucher,  'to  lie 
down.'  This  word  is  used,  1.  For  parturition, 
accouchement  or  delivery  (puerpe'rium,  parturi"- 
tio j)  hence,  une  couche  heureuse,  'a,  happy  deli- 
very;' unefausse  couche,  'a  premature  delivery:' 
and,  2.  For  the  time  during  which  a  female  re- 
mains in  bed  on  account  of  delivery, —  Teminis 
puerjye'rii,  the  child-bed  state.  The  Lochia  have 
been  termed  Suites  de  couches.  Couche  also  means 
a  layer,  bed  or  thalamus,  as, 

Couche  Celluleuse,  Membrana  granulosa. 

COUCHER,  Decubitus. 

COUCHES  PES  NERFS  ETHMOiPAUX, 
Corpora  striata — c.  des  Nerfs  oculaires,  Thalami 
nervorum  opticorum — c.  des  Nerfs  optiques,  Tha- 
lami nervorum  opticorum — c.  Optiques,  Thalami 
nervorum  opticorum. 

COUCHING,  see  Cataract. 

COUCINFA  COCCINEA,  Cacoucia  coccinea. 

COUPE,  Elbow. 

COUPE-PIEP,  Instep. 

COUPEE,  Cubitus. 

COUPRIER,  Corylus  avellana. 

COUENNE,  (P.),  Cutis  suil'la.  A  term  given 
to  various  parts  of  the  human  skin,  which  are 
prominent,  hard,  brownish,  and  often  covered  with 
rough  hairs,  so  as  to  form  patches  not  very  unlike 
the  skin  of  the  hog.  It  is  a  malformation,  occtirring 
during  intra-uterine  existence,  and  remaining  for 
life.     See  also,  Najvus,  and  Corium  phlogisticum. 

COUENNE  INFLAMMATOIRE,  Corium 
phlogisticum  —  c.  Pleuretique,  Corium  phlogisti- 
cum. 

COUGH,  Tussis  — c.  Bronchial,  C.  tubal  — c. 
Root,  Trillium  latifolium. 

Cough,  Tubal,  Bron'chial  cough,  Tussis  hron'- 
cliica,  (P.)  Toux  tubaire,  T.  bronchique.  Cough 
is  so  termed,  when  the  succussion  communicated 
Ity  it  to  the  parietes  of  the  chest  is  very  energetic, 
and  a  sensation  is  experienced  by  the  ear  as  if  a 
column  of  air  was  traversing  with  much  noise, 
strength,  and  rapidity,  tubes  with  solid  walls. 

Cough,  Winter,  Bronchitis,  (chronic.) 

COUGHING,  Tussis. 

COULER,  To  strain. 

COULEUVREj  Coluber  berus. 

COULEUVREE,  Bryonia  alba. 

COULISSE,  (P.)  'A  groove,  a  gutter.'  Ana- 
tomists designate,  by  this  name,  every  deep  groove 
or  channel  in  a  bone,  in  which  a  tendon  plays; — 
*uch  as  the  Coulisse  Bicipitale  or  Bicipital  Groove 
ot  the  Humerus. 

COULISSE  BICIPITALE,  Bicipital  groove— 


c.  Humeralc,  Bicipital  groove. 

COULOIR,  Colatorium. 

COUM,  Colchicum  autumnale. 

COUN'TENANCE,  Vultus,  Vultus,  Visage,  (F.) 
Figure,  Visage:  from  cum,  'with,'  and  teneo,  'I 
hold.'     The  form  of  the  face.     The  system  of  the 

COUNTER-EXTEN'SION,  Contra -exten'sio, 
Antit'asis,  (P.)  Contre-extension,  from  confra-ex- 
tendere,  '  to  extend  in  a  contrary  direction.'  It 
consists  in  retaining  firmly  and  immovably  the 
upper  part  of  a  limb,  whilst  extension  is  practised 
on  the  lower,  in  eases  of  fracture  or  luxation. 

C0\]'NTEB.-mi>lGA'T10J!i,  Contra-indica'tio, 
Antendeix'is,  Antendix'is,  Antideixia.  An  indi- 
cation contrary  to  another.  (P.)  Contre-indica- 
tion.  Any  circumstance,  which  acts  as  an  obstacle 
to  the  employment  of  such  therapeutical  means  as 
seem  to  be  indicated  by  other  circumstances. 

COUNTER-IRRITANT,  see  Counter -irrita- 
tion  —  c.  Granville's,  (Lotion,)  Granville's  Coun- 
ter-irritant. 

COUNTER-IRRITA'TION,  Contra-irrita'tio. 
An  irritation,  excited  in  a  part  of  the  body,  with 
the  view  of  relieving  one  existing  in  another  part. 
The  remedies  used  for  this  purpose  are  called 
Counter-irritants,  and  form  a  most  valuable  class 
of  remedial  agents.     See  Derivation. 

COUNTERSTROKE,  Contrafissura. 

COUNTING,  METHOD  OP,  Method,  numeri- 
cal. 

COUP,  Blow — e.  de  Feu,  Wound,  ganshot. 

COUP  PE  IIAITRE  ou  TOUR  PE  MAt- 
TRE,  (P.)  A  masterly  stroke  or  performance. 
Applied  to  a  mode  of  introducing  the  sound  or 
catheter  into  the  bladder,  which  consists  in  first 
passing  it  with  its  convexity  towards  the  abdomen 
of  the  patient,  and  giving  it  a  half  turn  towards 
the  right  groin,  when  its  extremity  has  reached 
the  root  of  the  penis  under  the  symphysis  pubis. 
There  is  no  advantage  in  this  mode  of  introduction. 

COUP  PE  SANG,  (F.)  A  common  term,  used 
by  some  physicians  in  France,  to  designate  the 
loss  of  sensation  and  motion,  which  results  from 
hemorrhage  in  the  brain,  or  from  simple  conges- 
tion in  the  vessels  of  that  organ.  See  Apoplexy. 
Some  authors  have  comprehended,  under  the  same 
denomination,  different  hemorrhages,  which  occur 
in  the  areolar  texture  of  the  face,  lungs,  skin,  <fce. 

COUP  PE  SOLEIL,  (P.)  Siri'asis,  Sciri'asis, 
Siriasis  jEgyptiaca,  Ictus  aolia,  Ictv.a  aola'ris,  In- 
sola'tio,  Encej}hali'tis  insolatio'nis,  Phreni'tis  ca- 
lentu'ra,  Stroke  of  the  sun,  Egyptian  Starstroke 
or  Sunstroke.  Any  affection  produced  by  the  ac- 
tion of  the  sun  on  some  region  of  the  body ; — head, 
hands,  arms,  &c.  A  verj'  common  effect  of  ex- 
posing the  naked  head  to  the  sun  is  inflammation 
of  the  brain  or  its  meninges,  which  Sauvages  calls 
Cams  ab  hisolatio'ne,  Morbus  solatitia'lis. 

COUPE-BRIDE,  Kiotome. 

COUPEROSE,  Gutta  rosea. 

COUPURE,  Cut,  Wound  (incised.) 

CO  UR ANTE,  Diarrhoea. 

COURAP.  A  distemper,  very  common  in  In- 
dia, in  which  there  is  a  perpetual  itching  of  the 
surface,  and  eruption.  It  is  of  an  herpetic  cha- 
racter, and  appears  chiefly  on  the  axilla,  groins, 
breast,  and  face. 

COURBARIL,  see  Anime. 

COURBATURE,  (P.)  Acer'ba  lassitn'do,  Vic 
lent  lassitude,  Fatigue.  An  indisposition,  charac- 
terized by  a  sensation,  as  if  the  limbs  were  bruised,' 
general  feeling  of  debility,  extreme  lassitude ; 
and,  sometimes,  slight  fever.  It  appears  imme- 
diately after  severe  exercise,  but  sometimes  not 
till  the  next  day.     Rest  removes  it. 

COURBURE.  Curvature. 

COURGE,  Cucurbita  pepo. 


COURMI 


247 


CRAB 


COURMI  or  CURMI,  Kovp^i,  Kvpin  A  fer- 
mented liquor,  made  from,  barley.  A  kind  of  ale 
or  beer. — Dioscorides. 

COURO-MOELLI.  An  Indian  tree,  the  bark 
of  whicli  is  said  to  be  anti-venomous. 

COUROjST'DI,  Couron'do.  An  evergreen  tree 
of  India,  the  juice  of  which,  mixed  with  warm 
whey,  is  said  to  cure  dysentery. — Ray. 

OOUEONNE  CILIAIRE,  Godroiine  eanal  — 
c.  du  Dent,  Crown  of  a  tooth — c.  du  Gland,  Crown 
of  the  glans — c.  du  Trepan,  Crown  of  the  trepan 
— c.  de  Venus,  Crown  of  Venus. 

CO  UR  ONNE  RA  YONNANTE  (F. )  A  term 
given  by  Reil  to  the  fan-shaped  terminations  of 
the  crura  cerebri  in  the  bi'ain. 

CO URONNEMENT  (F.),  Coro'na.  A  vulgar 
expression,  sometimes  used  to  designate  the  cir- 
cular ring,  which  the  os  uteri  forms  around  the 
head  of  the  child  at  a  certain  period  of  accouche- 
ment : — the  head  seeming  to  be  surrounded,  as  it 
were,  by  a  crown.  The  head  is  then  said  to  be 
au  couronnement. 

COURS  BE  VENTRE,  Diarrhoea. 

CO  URSE,  Running. 

COURSES,  Menses. 

COURT,  Short. 

COURTE  HALEINE,  Dyspnoea. 

COUSIN,  Culex. 

COU.SSINET,  Pad. 

CO  UTEA  U,  Knife  —  e.oi  Amputation,  Knife, 
amputation  —  c.  a,  Cataracte,  Knife,  cataract — c. 
Courhe,  Knife,  crooked  —  c.  d  Crochet,  Knife, 
crotchet — e.  Desartictdateur,  Knife,  double-edged 
— c.  Droit,  Knife,  amputation — c.  de  Feu,  Cultel- 
laire  —  c.  Interoaseux,  Knife,  double-edged  —  c. 
Lenticularre,  Knife,  lenticular  —  c.  Lithotome  — 
Knife,  lithotomy  —  c.  era  Serpette,  Knife  en  ser- 
pettp. — c.  Sj/niphi/sien,  see  Symphyseotomy — c.  d 
Deux  trancJiana,  Knife,  double-edged. 

COUTOU'BEA  ALBA,  Ex'acum  spica'tum, 
Pi'crium  spica'tum.  A  plant  of  Guiana,  which 
is  very  bitter,  and  is  considered,  in  the  country, 
to  be  emmenagogue,  anthelmintic,  and  antidys- 
peptie. 

COUTURE S  PAR  LA  PETITE  VEROLE, 
see  Cicatrix. 

COUTURIER,  Sartorius. 

COUVERCLE,  see  Crucible. 

GOUVRECHEF  (F.),  CucuVhts,  Fascia' tio 
cueidla'ta,Scepaster'ium,Scepas'trum.  A  bandage, 
applied  to  the  head  for  retaining  certain  dress- 
ings, &c.  in  situ.  The  French  surgeons  distin- 
guish two  kinds.  1.  The  Grand  Couvrechef  ou 
Servette  en  carre  (Cucid'lus  major,)  which  is 
formed  of  a  napkin  or  large  square  compress  : 
and,  2.  The  Petit  Couvrechef  ou  Mouehoir  en  tri- 
angle {Cueul'lus  minor,)  formed  of  a  napkin  or 
other  square  compress,  folded  from  one  angle  to 
the  other  diagonally  opposite  to  it. 

COUVRECHEF,  see  Bandage,  Galen's. 

COVE,  CLIMATE  OF.  On  the  northern  side 
of  Cork  Harbour,  in  Ireland,  is  the  Island  of 
Cove.  The  town  of  Cove  is  on  the  southern  ac- 
clivity of  a  hill  running  from  east  to  west.  It  is, 
consequently,  sheltered  from  the  north  winds, 
and  receives  the  full  force  of  the  sun.  It  is  one 
of  the  mildest  climates  in  Great  Britain,  and  cor- 
responds in  its  influence  on  disease  with  the 
south-west  of  England.  It  is  well  adapted  as  a 
winter  retreat  for  the  phthisical. 

COVOLAM,  Cratm'va  Marmelos.  The  bark  of 
this  tree  is  tonic  :  the  unripe  fruit  is  astringent : 
but,  when  ripe,  is  delicious. 

COWBANE,  Cicuta  aquatica. 

COWBERRY,  Vaccinium  vitis  idasa. 

COWHAGE,  Dolichos  pruriens. 

COWITCH.  Dolichos  pruriens. 

COWPARSNEP,  Heracleum  lanatum. 


COWPER'S  GLANDS,  Ac'ccssory  glands,  (P.) 
Glandes  accessoires,  G.  de  Cowper,  Prostates  infe- 
rieures  ou  Petites  prostates.  Two  small  ovoid 
groups  of  mucous,  reddish  follicles,  situate  behind 
the  bulb  of  the  urethra,  before  the  prostate,  the 
excretory  ducts  of  which  open  into  the  bulbous 
portion  of  the  urethra.  They  are  also  called 
Glan'didcB  antepros'tata,  and  G.  pros'tatcB  infe- 
rio'res. 

Cowpek's  Glands  m  the  Female,  Glands  of 
Daverney,  Glands  of  Bartholinns,  Pros'tata  mu- 
lie'bris  seu  Bartholi'ni,  are  situate  at  each  side 
of  the  entrance  of  the  vagina,  beneath  the  skin 
covering  the  posterior  or  inferior  part  of  the  labia. 
They  are  rounded,  but  elongated,  fiat,  and  bean- 
shaped;  their  long  diameter  varying  from  five  to 
ten  lines;  their  transverse,  from  two  and  a  half 
to  four  and  a  quarter;  and  their  thickness  from 
two  and  a  quarter  to  three  lines.  Like  Cowper's 
glands  in  the  male,  they  are  not  invariably  pre- 
sent. The  secretion  from  them  is  a  thick,  tena- 
cious, grayish-white  fluid,  which  is  emitted  in 
great  quantity  during  sexual  intercourse  ;  and  is 
probably  the  fluid,  supposed,  of  old,  to  be  the  fe- 
male sperm. 

COWPOX,  Vaccina — e.  Inoculation,  Vaccina- 
tion —  c.  Itch,  see  Itch,  cowpox  —  c.  Vesicle,  see 
Vaccination. 

COWRAP,  Impetigo. 

COWSLIP,  Primula  reris — c.  Jerusalem,  Pul- 
monaria. 

COWWEED,  Ch^rophyllum  sylvestre. 

COXA,  Haunch. 

COXiELUVIUM,  Bath,  hip. 

COX  AGRA,  Neuralgia  femoro-poplitsea. 

COXAL'GIA,  Merocoxal'gia,  Osphyal'gia,  Os- 
phycdge'ma.  A  word  of  hybrid  origin,  from  coxa, 
'  hip,'  and  aXyo?,  'pain.'  Pain  in  the  hip.  A  sign 
of  rheumatic  or  other  inflammation — Coxi'tis,  or 
of  some  disease  about  the  hip-joint.  See  Neu- 
ralgia femoro-poplitffia,  and  Coxarum  morbus. 

COXARTHRITIS,  Coxitis. 

COXARTHROCACE,  Coxarum  morbus. 

COXA'RUM  MORBUS,  Coxen'rficus  seu  Coxa'- 
rius  morbus,  Arthroc'ace  coxa'riim,  Coxarthroc'- 
ace,  Ospihy arthroc'ace,  Coxal'gia  (of  some).  Hip 
disease.  A  scrofulous  caries,  and  often  sponta- 
neous luxation  of  the  head  of  the  os  femoris,  oc- 
casioning permanent  shortening  of  the  limb,  and 
not  unfrequently  hectic  and  death. 

COXEN'DIX,  Haunch.  This  word  has  been 
used  synonymously  with  ischium;  and  anato- 
mists have  also  applied  it  to  the  ilia,  Ossa 
Coxen'dicis. 

COXI'TIS,  Coxarthri'tis,  a  hybrid  term,  from 
Coxa,  '  the  hip,'  and  itis,  denoting  inflammation. 
Inflammation  of  the  hip-joint. 

COXO-FEM'ORAL,  Coxo-femora'lis.  Belong- 
ing to  the  coxal  bone  or  ileum,  and  to  the  os  fe- 
moris.    Ilio-femoral  has  the  same  signification. 

Coxo-Fem'oral  Articdla'tion,  Wio-Femoral 
A.,  (F.)  Articulation  de  la  Hanche,  the  Hij)  joint. 
The  head  of  the  femur  and  the  articular  cavity  are 
covered  by  a  diarthrodial  cartilage  and  synovial 
capside;  and  by  a  very  strong  capsular  or  artic- 
vlar  ligament  attached  to  the  circumference  of 
the  cotyloid  cavity,  and  to  the  neck  of  the  femur. 
There  is,  also,  a  round  or  interarticidar  ligament, 
passing  from  the  inferior  notch  of  the  cotyloid 
cavity  to  the  rough  depression  at  the  top  of  the 
caput  femoris;  and  a  cotyloid  ligament,  —  a  sort 
of  thick,  cartilaginous  ring,  situate  on  the  edge 
of  the  cotyloid  cavity,  and  converting  the  infe- 
rior notch  into  a  foramen.  These  are  the  great 
means  of  union  in  this  extensive  articulation. 

CRAB,  As'tacus  fuviat'ilis.  Cancer,  Gam'ma~ 
rus,  Gam'harus,  Cam'marus,  (F.)  Crabbe,  Ecre' 
visas,  Eserevice.     A  shell-fish  much  used  a.o  an 


CRABE 


248 


CRAIsIOLOGY 


article  of  diet.  Like  other  shell-fish  it  is  apt  to 
disagree,  and  excite  urticaria,  &c. 

CRABE,  Crabyaws. 

CRABLOUSE:  a  species  of  Pedic'ulus,  P. 
Pubis,  which  infests  the  pudendum  and  axilla. 
(F.)  3Torpion.  It  is  easily  destroyed  by  the 
white  precipitate  of  meiteury,  or  by  mercurial 
ointment. 

CRABS'  EYES,  Cancrorum  chelae— c.  Stones, 
Canororum  chelae. 

CRABYAWS,  (F.)  Crale.  A  name  in  the 
West  Indies  for  a  kind  of  ulcer  on  the  soles  of 
the  feet,  with  edges  so  hard,  that  they  are  diffi- 
cult to  cut. 

OR  AC  HAT,  Sputum. 

CRACHE3[ENT,  Excreation— c.  de  Pus,  Vo- 
mica, Phthisis  pulmonalis — c.  de  Sang,  Hemop- 
tysis. 

CRAOHOTEMENT  (F.),  from  cracher,  'to 
spit.'  The  frequent  spitting  of  a  small  quantity 
of  saliva. 

CRACKLING  OF  LEATHER,  see  Craque- 
nient  de  ciiir. 

CRACOW  GROATS,  Semolina. 

CRADLE,  Sax.  cna6el,  Ar' cuius,  Solen,  (F.) 
Areenu  ou  Archet.  A  semicircle  of  thin  wood, 
or  strips  of  wood,  used  for  preventing  the  contact 
of  the  bed-clothes  in  wounds,  fractures,  &c.  An 
ordinance  of  the  Grand  Duke  of  Tuscany  forbade 
mothers  and  nurses  to  sleep  with  a  child  near 
them,  unless  it  was  placed  under  a  solid  cradle 
of  this  kind,  in  order  that  no  accident  might 
arise  from  overlaying. 

CRiE'PALE,  from  Kpat-aXri,  Crap' via,  'drunk- 
enness, surfeit.'  A  derangement  of  the  functions 
of  the  brain,  &c.,  produced  by  wine  or  any  other 
fermented  liquor. — Galen. 

CRAIE,  Creta. 

CRAMA,  Koajxa,  from  Ktgaw,  '  I  mix.'  A  mix- 
ture of  any  kind.     Dilute  wine. 

CRAM  BE,  Cabbage. 

CR AM'BION,  from  Kf^apil^r,,  '  cabbage.'  A  de- 
coction of  cabbage. — Hippocrates. 

CE,AMP,  from  (G.)  krampfen,  'to  contract.' 
Crampus,  Enta'sia  systrem'ma,  Tet'anus  dolorif- 
icus,  3hjospas'rmts,  Spasmus  muscula'ris,  3fi/al'- 
qia,  Rhege,  Rhegma,  Rhegraus.  A  sudden,  invo- 
luntary, and  highly  painful  contraction  of  a 
muscle  or  muscles.  It  is  most  frequently  expe- 
rienced in  the  lower  extremities,  and  is  a  common 
symptom  of  certain  affections: — as  of  Colica  Pic- 
tonum  and  Cholera  Iforbus.  Friction  and  com- 
pression of  the  limb,  by  means  of  a  ligature 
applied  round  it  above  the  muscles  affected,  will 
usually  remove  the  spasm. 

Cramp,  ScRiVE>nsRs',  Cramp,  Writers'. 

Cramp  of  the  Stomach,  (F.)  Crampe  de  I'Es- 


tomac.  A  sudden,  violent,  and  most  painful  affec- 
tion of  the  stomach,  with  sense  of  constriction  in 
the  epigastrium.  It  seems  to  be  the  eilect  of  the 
spasmodic  contraction  of  the  muscular  coat  of  the 
stomach,  and  requires  the  use  of  the  most  powerful 
stimulants  and  antispasmodics,  of  which  opium 
is  the  best. 

Cramp,  Writers',  Graphospasm' tts,  Mogi- 
graph'ia,  (F.)  Crampe  des  Ecrivains,  Scriv'eners' 
Cramp,  Stam'mering  of  the  Fingers.  A  condition 
of  the  fingers,  in  which  they  are  unable  to  hold 
the  pen,  or  in  which  one  or  more  of  the  muscles  of 
the  fingers  are  in-egularly  and  irresistibly  con- 
tracted. 
CRAMPE  DES  ECRIVAINS,  Cramp,Writers'. 
CRA3IPE  BE  L'ESTOMAO,  Cramp  of  the 
stomach. 

CRAN  DE  BRETAGNE,  Cochlearia  armo- 
racia. 

CRANBERRY,  Vaccinium  osycoccos  —  c. 
American,  Common,  see  Vaccinium  oxycoccos  — 
c.  Upland,  Arbutus  uva  ursi. 

CRANE,  Cranium  —  c.  Humain,  Cranium  hii- 
manum. 

CRANE'S  BILL,  Geranium— c.  Spotted,  Ge- 
ranium maculatnm  —  e.  Stinking,  Geranium  Ro- 
bertianum. 

CRANIO CELE,  Eneephalocele. 

CRANIOHiEMATONCUS,  Cephala3matoma. 

CRANIOL'OGY,  Cranios'copy,  Craniolog"ia, 
PhrenoVogy,  Cranioseop'ia,  C.  Gallia'na,  Ence- 
phaloscop'ia,  Doctri'na  Gallia'na.  Words,  intro- 
duced, since  Gall,  into  medical  language.  The 
first  two  terms  are  respectively  derived  from 
Kpaviov,  'cranium,'  \oyog,  'a discourse,'  and  okoituv, 
'to  examine.'  They  signify  a  description,  or 
simply  an  examination  of  the  different  parts  of 
the  external  surface  of  the  cranium,  in  order  to 
deduce  from  thence  a  knowledge  of  the  different 
intellectual,  and  moral  dispositions.  Strictly 
speaking,  it  is  by  Cranioscopy  that  we  acquire  a 
knowledge  of  Craniology,  Organology  or  Cran- 
ology,  as  it  has  been  variously  termed.  These 
words  are  generally,  however,  used  in  the  same 
sense.  The  cranium  being  moulded  to  the  brain, 
there  are  as  many  prominences  on  the  bone,  as 
there  are  projections  at  the  surface  of  the  brain. 
According  to  Gall,  each  projection,  which  he  calls 
an  organ,  is  the  seat  of  a  particular  intellectual 
or  moral  faculty,  and  all  persons  endowed  with 
the  same  faculty,  have,  at  the  same  part  of  the 
brain,  a  prominence,  which  is  indicated,  exter- 
nally, by  a  bump  or  projection  in  the  bony  case. 
The  System  of  Gall  is  made  to  comprise  27  pro- 
minences, which  answer  to  27  faculties.  The  fol- 
lowing Table  exhibits  these  supposed  organs,  and 
their  seat. 


Cerebral  Organs  and  their  Seat,  accordixg  to  Gall. 


1.  Instinct  of  generation,  of  reproduction  ;  ama- 
tiveness ;  instinct  of  propagation  j-  venereal 
instinct. 

{German.)  Z  eu  gun  gs  tri  eb  ,  Fortpflan- 
zungstrieb,   Geschlechtstrieb. 

2.  Love  of  progeny  ;  philoprogenitiveness. 
(G.)  Jungenliebe,  Kinderliebe. 

3.  Aftnchment,  friendship. 
(G.)  Freundschaftsinn. 

/..   Instinct  of  defending  self  and  property  ;  love 
of  strife  and  combat;  comhativeness  ;  courage. 
(G.)  Muth,  Raufsinn,  Zanksinn. 

6.   Carnivorous  instinct ;  inclination  to  murder  ; 

(h-Mructireness  ;  cruelty. 
((/.)  Wurgsinn,  Mordsinn. 


Seated  in  the  cerebellum.  It  Is  manifested  at  the 
surface  of  the  cranium  by  two  round  protube- 
rances, one  on  each  side  of  the  nape  of  the 
neck. 

Indicated  at  the  external  occipital  protuberance. 

About  the  middle  of  the  posterior  margin  of  the 
parietal  bone,  antenor  to  the  last. 

Seated  a  little  above  the  ears,  in  front  of  the  last, 
and  towards  the  mastoid  angle  of  the  parietal 
bone. 

Greatly  developed  in  all  the  carnivorous  animals; 
forms  a  prominence  at  the  posterior  and  supe- 
rior iinrt  of  the  squamous  surface  ot  the  tem- 
poral bone,  above  the  mastoid  process. 


CRANIOLOGY 


249 


CRAXIOLOGY 


6.  Cunning ;  finesse ;  address;  secret iveness. 
{G.)  List,  Schlauheit,  Klugheit. 

7.  Desire  of  property  ;  provident  instinct;  cupi- 
dity ;   inclination  to  robbery  ;   acquisitiveness. 

(G.)  E  ig  e  n  th  um  s  s  in  n,  Hang  zu  stelil- 
en,  E  insammlungssinn,  Diebsinn. 

8.  Pride;  haughtiness;  love  of  authority ;  ele- 
vation. 

((?.)  Stolz,  Hoclimutli,  Hohensinn; 
Ilerrschsucht. 

9.  Vanity;  ambition;  love  of  glory. 

(G.)  Eitelkeit,  Ruhmsucht,  Ehrgeiz. 

10.  Circumspection  ;  foresight. 

{G.)  B  ehutsainkeit,  Vorsicht,  Vor- 
sichtigheit. 

11.  Memoi-y  of  things;  memory  of  facts ;  sense 
of  things;  educability;  perfectibility;  docility. 

(G.)  Sachedaclitniss,  Erziehungs- 
fahigkeit,  Sachsinn. 

12.  Sense  of  locality  ;  sense  of  the  relation  of 
sjyace  ;  memory  of  places. 

{G.)  Ortsinn,  E.aunisinn. 

1.3.  Memory  of  persons  ;  sense  of  persons. 
{G.)  Personensinn. 

14.  Sense  of  words ;  sense  of  names  ;  verbal  me- 
mory. 

((?.)  Wor  dgedachtnis  s,  Namensinn. 

15.  Sense  of  spoken  language  ;  talent  of  pihilo- 
logy  ;  study  of  languages. 

(G.)  Spr  achf  ors  chungss  in  n,  "W  o  r  t - 
sinn,  Sprachsinn. 

16.  Sense  of  the  relations  of  colour;  talent  of 
painting. 

(G.)  Farbensinn. 

17.  Sense  of  the  relations  of  tones ;  musical  ta- 
lent. 

(G.)  Ton  sinn. 

IS.  Sense  of  the  relations  of  numbers  ;  mathema- 
tics. 
(G.)  Zahlensinn. 

19.  Sense  of  mechanics ;  sense  of  construction ; 
talent  of  architecture  ;  industry. 

{G.)  Kunstsinn,  Bausinn. 

20.  Comparative  sagacity. 

(G.)  Vergleichender  Scharfsinn. 

21.  3Ietaphysical  penetration  ;  depth  of  mind. 
((7.)  Metaphy  sis  ch  er  Tiefsinn. 

22.  Wit. 
(<?.)  AVitz. 

23.  Poetical  talent. 
(G.)  Dichtergeist. 

24.  Goodness  ;  benevolence  ;  mildness  ;  compas- 
sion ;  sensibility ;  moral  sense ;  conscience ; 
bonhomrnie. 

((?.)  GutmUthigkeit,  Mitleiden,  mo- 
ralischer  Sinn,  Gewissen. 

25.  Imitation  ;  mimicry. 

(G.)  Nacbahmungssinn. 

26.  God  and  religion;  theosojjhy. 
(a'.)  Theosopbiscbes  Sinn. 

27.  Firmness;  constancy ;  perseverance  ;  obsti- 
nacy. 

(G.)  Stetigkeit,  Festersinn. 

The  first  nineteen  of  tbese,  according  to  Gall, 
are  common  to  man  and  animals ;  the  remaining 
eight,  man  possesses  exclusively.  They  are,  con- 
BOquently,  the  attributes  of  humanity. 

Organs  according  to  Spttrzheim. 
1.  Amativeness.  —  2.   Pbiloprogenitiveness.  — 
3.  Inhabitiveness. — 4,  Adhesiveness  or  Attach- 
ment.— 5.  Combativeness. — 6.  Destructiveness. — 


Above  the  meatus  auditorins  externus,  upon  th« 
sphenoidal  angle  of  the  j)arietal  bone. 

Anterior  to  that  of  cunning,  of  which  it  seems  to 
be  a  prolongation,  and  above  that  of  mechanics, 
with  which  it  contributes  to  widen  the  cranium, 
by  the  projection  which  they  form  at  the  side 
of  the  frontal  bone. 

Behind  the  top  of  the  head,  at  the  extremity  of 
the  sagittal  suture,  and  on  the  parietal  bone. 

Situate  at  the  side  of  the  last,  near  the  posterior 
internal  angle  of  the  parietal  bone. 

Corresponds  to  the  parietal  protuberance. 


Situate  at  the  root  of  the  nose,  between  the  two 
eyebrows,  and  a  little  above  them; 

Answers  to  the  frontal  sinus,  and  is  indicated  ex- 
ternally by  two  prominences  at  the  inner  edge 
of  the  ej'ebrows,  near  the  root  of  the  nose,  and 
outside  of  the  organ  of  memory  of  things. 

At  the  inner  angle  of  the  orbit. 

Situate  at  the  posterior  part  of  the  base  of  tho 
two  anterior  lobes  of  the  brain,  on  the  frontal 
part  of  the  bottom  of  the  orbit,  so  as  to  make 
the  eye  prominent. 

Also  at  the  top  of  the  orbit,  between  the  preced- 
ing and  that  of  the  knowledge  of  colour. 

The  middle  part  of  the  eyebrows,  encroaching  a 
little  on  the  forehead. 

A  little  above  and  to  one  side  of  the  last ;  above 
the  outer  third  of  the  orbitar  arch. 

On  the  outside  of  the  organ  of  the  sense  of  thf> 
relation  of  colour,  and  below  the  last. 

A  round  protuberance  at  the  lateral  base  of  the 
frontal  bone,  towards  the  temple,  and  behind 
the  organs  of  music  and  numbers. 

At  the  middle  and  anterior  part  of  the  frontaJ 
bone,  above  that  of  the  memory  of  things. 

In  part  confounded  with  the  preceding.  Indi- 
cated at  the  outer  side  of  the  last  by  a  protu- 
berance, which  gives  to  the  forehead  a  peculiar 
hemispherical  shape. 

At  the  lateral  and  outer  part  of  the  last;  and  giv- 
ing greater  width  to  the  frontal  prominence. 

On  the  outer  side  of  the  last;  divided  into  twc 
halves  by  the  coronal  suture. 

Indicated  by  an  oblong  prominence  above  tho 
organ  of  comparative  sagacity ;  almost  at  tho 
frontal  suture. 

At  the  outer  side  of  the  last. 

At  the  top  of  the  frontal  bone  and  at  the  superior 
angles  of  the  parietal  bone. 

The  top  of  the  head;  at  the  anterior  and  most 
elevated  part  of  the  parietal  bone. 

7.  Constructiveness. — 8.  Acquisitiveness. — 9.  Se- 
cretiveness. — 10.  Self-esteem. — 11.  Love  of  Ap- 
probation.— 12.  Caixtiousness. — 13.  Benevolence. 
— 14.  Veneration. — 15.  Firmness. — 16.  Conscien-- 
tiousness  or  Justice.  — 17.  Hope.  — 18.  Marvel- 
lousness. — 19.  Wit. — 20.  Ideality. — 21.  Imitation. 
—22.  Individuality.— 23.  Form.— 24.  Size.— 25. 
Weight  and  Resistance. — 26.  Colour.— 27.  Loca- 
lity.— 28.  Numeration.— 29.  Order.— 30.  Evento- 


CRANIOMETRY 


250 


CREASOTE 


ality.  — 31.  Time.  — 32.  Melody  or  Tune.  — 33. 

Language.  —  34.  Comparison.  —  35.  Causality. 

A  fundamental  principle  with  the  Craniolo- 
gints  or  Phrenologists  is, — that  the  brain  does  not 
aec  as  a  single  organ,  but  that  it  consists  of  a 
plurality  of  organs :  but,  were  we  able  to  admit 
this,  the  assignment  of  the  seat  of  different  facul- 
ties could  not  but  be  considered  premature. 

CEANIOM'ETRY,  Graniomet'ria ;  from  Kpa- 
viuv,  'the  cranium,'  audi,  ficrpov,  'measure.'  Mea- 
surement of  the  skull. 

CRANIOPATHI'A;  from  Kpavwv,  'the  cra- 
nium,' and  nados,  '  disease.'  Disease  of  the  cra- 
nium. 

CRANIOSCOPY,  Craniology. 

CRANIO-SPINAL,  Cephalo-spinal. 

CRANIO'TABES;  from  cranium,  'the  skull,' 
and  tabes,  'wasting.'  A  softening  of  the  bones 
of  the  cranium,  and  a  consequent  thinness  of  those 
bones, — as  the  occiput,  (so/<  occ/^!(f,) — which  are 
much  exposed  to  pressure.  It  is  a  variety  of 
rickets. — Elsasser. 

CRANIOT'OMY,  Craniotom'ia ;  from  Kpaviov, 
'the  cranium,'  and  rojiri,  'incision.'  The  opera- 
tion of  opening  the  head  in  parturition. 

Craniotomy  Forceps.  An  instrument,  resem- 
bling the  lithotomy  forceps,  for  laying  hold  of 
and  breaking  down  the  bones  of  the  head,  in  par- 
turition. 

CRANIUM,  Cra'nion,  Cranum,  Calvr/,'ria,  Sea'- 
pJiion,  ConchtM,  Calva,  OUa  cnp'itis,  Theca,  cer'- 
ehri.  Brain-pan,  the  skull;  from  Kgavog,  'a  hel- 
met,' or  from  Kpavov,  'head.'  (F.)  Crane.  The 
collection  of  bones  which  form  the  case  for  lodg- 
ing the  brain  and  its  membranes,  as  well  as  their 
vessels,  and  some  of  the  nerves.  Thei?e  bones 
are  eight  in  number — the  frontal,  occipital,  two 
parietal,  two  temporal,  the  sphenoid,  and  ethmoid. 
Besides  these,  there  might  be  considered,  as  be- 
longing to  the  cranium,  the  cornua  sphenoidalia, 
the  bones  of  the  ear,  and  the  ossa  Wcirmiana. 
Dr.  Prichard  has  characterized  the  primitive 
forms  of  the  skull  according  to  the  width  of  the 
Bregma,  or  space  between  the  parietal  bones  :  1. 
The  Stenohregmate,  {arcvog,  'narrow,')  or  Ethio- 
pian variety.  2.  The  Mesobregmate,  {jjcaog,  'mid- 
dle,') or  Caucasian  variety;  and  3.  The  Platy- 
hregmate,  {TrXarvg,  'broad,')  or  Mongolian  variety. 

Cranium  Hijma'num,  Human  Cra'nium,  (F.) 
Crane  hnmaiii.  This  was  anciently  much  used 
in  prescriptions,  and  was  considered  anti-epilep- 
tic, alexipharmic,  antiloimic,  &e. 

CPuANOMANCY,  Cranomanti'a,  from  Koavov, 
'the  head,'  and  fxavTcia,  'divination.'  (F.)  Cra- 
nomancie.  The  art  of  divining — from  the  inspec- 
tion of  the  head  or  cranium  —  the  moral  disposi- 
tions and  inclinations  of  individuals. 

CRANSON,  Cochlearia  ofBcinalis. 

CRANSSAC,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Cranssac  is  a  village  in  the  department  of  Avey- 
ron,  six  leagues  from  Rhodez,  which  possesses 
acidulous  chalybeate  springs,  that  have  been 
known  for  a  long  time. 

CRANTER,  from  Kpaivuv,  'to  finish,'  'render 
perfect.'    The  Dens  Sapien'tia  has  been  so  called. 

CRANUM,  Cranium. 

CRAPULA,  Cr^iepale. 

CRAQUEMEiVT  BE  CUIR,  (F.)  'Crackling 
of  leather.'  A  sound  like  the  crackling  of  new 
leather,  sometimes  heard  on  examining  the  heart 
with  the  stethoscope.  It  has  been  supposed  to 
be  symptomatic  of  pericarditis. 

CRAQUEMENT PULMONAIRE,  (F.)  'Pul- 
monary crackling.'  This  bruit  or  sound  consists 
in  a  succession  of  smaii  cracklings,  heard  during 
inspiration,  and  almost  always  at  the  top  of  the 
lung.  It  is  heard  at  the  commencement  of  phthrsis. 

CRASIS;  from  Kipavwiii,  'I  mix.'  A  mixture 
et'  the  co»-3tituent3  of  a  fluid;  as  the  c/aaia  of  the 


blood,  humours,  &c.  The  word  has  also  been 
employed  in  a  more  extensive  signification,  as 
sj'nonymous  with  Constitution,  Temperament,  <fec 

CRASPEDON,  Staphyloedema. 

CRASSAMEN'TUM,  from  crassua,  'thick.' 
The  thick  part  or  deposit  of  any  fluid.  It  is  par- 
ticularly applied  to  the  clot  of  the  blood. 

Crassamentum  Sanguinis,  see  Blood. 

CRASSE,  (F.)  Dirt  or  impurity.  A  sort  of 
layer  or  endait,  which  covers  the  skin,  where 
cleanliness  is  not  attended  to;  and  which  is 
sometimes  the  result  of  the  cutaneous  exhala- 
tion ;  at  others,  of  extraneous  matter  adhering  to 
the  surface  of  the  body. 

CRASSE'NA.  A  term  by  which  Paracelsus 
designated  the  saline,  putrescent,  and  corrosive 
principles,  which,  he  thought,  gave  rise  to  ulcers 
and  tumours  of  different  kinds. 

CRASSULA,  Sedum  telephium  —  c.  Arbores- 
cens,  see  Cotyledon  orbiealata — c.  Portulacacea, 
c.  Tetragona. 

Cras'sdla  Tetrago'na.  A  South  African 
succulent  plant,  which  is  somewhat  astringent. 
Boiled  in  milk  it  is  used  in  diarrhoea.  Crassula 
portulaca' cea  is  said  to  be  used  in  similar  cases. 

CRASSUS,  Corpulent. 

CRAT^'GUS  A'RIA,  from  Kparog,  '  strength,' 
owing  to  the  hardness  of  the  wood.  Jlea'pilua, 
3[.  A'ria,  Aria  seu  Sorbus,  S.  Aria  seu  Alpi'na, 
White  Bean  Tree,  (F.)  Alisier  blanc,  Alouche, 
Alouchier.  The  fruit,  which  is  of  the  size  of  a 
small  pear,  is  slightly  astringent,  and  somewhat 
agreeable  to  the  taste.  It  has  been  employed  in 
diarrhoea. 

CRAT^^VA  MARMELOS,  Covolam. 

CRATERAU'CHEN,  from  Kpanpos,  'strong,' 
and  avxi'')  'neck.'  One  with  a  strong  neck:  as 
well  as  a  strong  neck  itself. 

CRATEV^SIUM,  Sisymbrium  nasturtium. 

CRATOS,  Force. 

CRAUTE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Craute 
is  a  village  five  leagues  from  Autun,  in  France, 
where  are  mineral  sj)rings,  containing  sulpho- 
hydrate  of  magnesia,  chloride  of  sodium,  chlo- 
ride of  lime,  sulphate  of  lime,  and  carbonate  of 
magnesia, 

CRA  VATE  SUISSE  (F.)  A  band  of  the  lon- 
gitudinal or  superficial  layer  of  the  muscular 
fibres  of  the  stomach,  along  the  lesser  curvatm-e 
of  the  organ,  the  shape  of  which  it  assists  in  pre- 
serving ;  —  so  called,  on  account  of  a  fancied  re- 
semblance to  a  Swiss  cravat. 

CRAYEUX,  Cretaceous. 

CRA  YON  NOIR,  Graphites. 

CRAZINESS,  Insanity. 

CRAZY,  Insane. 

CREA,  Shin. 

CREAM,  Cremor,  (F.)  Creme.  A  thick,  unctu- 
ous matter,  of  a  yellowish-white  colour,  and  STi'eet, 
agreeable  taste,  which  rises  to  the  surface  of  milk, 
if  kept  at  rest.  It  is  composed  of  butter,  serum, 
and  casein. 

Creme  is  a  name  given  in  France  to  bouillies 
prepared  with  farina  of  different  kinds  ;  as  the 
Cream  of  Rice,  (F.)  Crime  de  Biz,  C.  of  Barley, 
(F.)  C.  d'Orge,  &c. 

Cream,  Cold,  Ceratum  Galeni,  Unguentum 
Aqua?  rosa? — c.  of  Tartar,  Potassse  supertartras. 

CRE'ASOTE,  Cre'osote,  Creaso'tum,  Kre'aeote, 
Creaso'ton,  Creazo'ton;  from  Kptag,  'flesh,'  and 
aiDTr/o,  'a  preserver.'  A  substance  discovered  not 
long  ago  by  Reichenbach.  It  is  obtained  from 
tar,  by  distillation,  and  appears  to  be  the  active 
antiseptic  and  medicinal  agent  in  tar-water  and 
crude  pyroligneous  acid.  It  is  a  colourless  trans- 
parent iiiuid,  of  a  penetrating  and  disagreeable 
odour,  and  is  freely  soluble  in  alcohol  and  acetic 
acid.  Its  taste  is  bitter.  S.  g.  1.037.  It  coagu- 
lates albumen,  whence  its  hemostatic  power.    It 


CREATINE 


251 


CREST 


is  a  most  powei-ful  antiseptic;  and  has  been 
largely  administered  in  liemorrhages  both  inter- 
nally and  externally.  As  an  external  applica- 
tion, it  has  been  used  in  burns,  ulcers,  especially 
those  of  a  sloughing  character,  chronic  cutaneous 
affections,  and  has  been  applied  to  tapeTcorm  when 
protruded,  &c.  Internally,  it  has  been  adminis- 
tered in  plithisis,  vomiting,  diabetes  mellitus,  ner- 
vous diseases,  chronic  glanders,  &c.  The  dose 
internally  is  one  or  two  drops.  Externally,  it  is 
sometimes  applied  pure ;  at  others,  diluted,  and 
commonly  with  water,  (f^ss  to  f§vj  ;)  or  in  the 
form  of  ointment,  (f^ss  to  §j  of  cerate.) 

CBE'ATINE,  Cre'atin,  Orcati'na,  Kre'athie, 
from  (vfjfaf,  'flesh.'  A  nitrogenized  crystallizable 
neutral  substance,  obtained  by  the  agency  of 
water  and  heat  in  making  broths  and  soups.  It 
does  not  combine  either  with  acids  or  alkalies. 

By  the  action  of  strong  acids,  creatine  is  con- 
verted into  Cyeatinine  or  Kreatinive,  a  substance 
which  has  a  strong  alkaline  reaction,  and  forms 
crystallizable  salts  with  acids.  It  preexists  to  a 
small  extent  in  the  juice  of  flesh;  and  is  found 
in  eoniunction  with  creatine  in  urine. 

CREATININE,  see  Creatine. 

CREATOPHAGUS,  Carnivorous. 

CREAZOTON,  Creasoto. 

CREEPER,  TRUMPET,  Tecoma  radicans— 
c.  Virginia,  Ampelopsis  quinquefolia,  Tecoma 
radicans. 

CRE3IAS0N,  Pyrosis. 

CREMAS'TER,  Suspendic'uhm,  Eleva'tor  Tes- 
tic'nli,  Mus'culus  Testis,  M.  Testicon'dus.  That 
which  suspends  ;  from  Kp^nao),  '  I  suspend.'  The 
Greeks  designated,  by  this  term,  the  spermatic 
chord,  or  all  the  parts  by  which  the  testicle  is, 
as  it  were,  suspended  ;  but,  since  Vesalius,  it  has 
received  its  present  limited  meaning.  The  cre- 
raaster  is  a  very  thin,  muscular  fascia — sometimes 
hardly  perceptible  —  Avhich  detaches  itself  from 
the  internal  oblique  muscle ;  passes  through  the 
abdominal  ring,  and  vanishes  around  the  tunica 
vaginalis  ,•  serving  to  draw  up  the  testicle,  and 
to  move  it  slightly.  It  has  been,  also,  called 
Tunica  ErythroV dcs  and  Suspenso'rium  Testis. 

CREMAS'TERIC,  Cremasier'icus,  same  ety- 
mon as  Cremaster.  Appertaining  or  relating  to 
the  cremaster, — as  'cremasteric  artery,' — a  branch 
of  the  epigastric. 

CRE3IE,  Cream — c.  de  Soufre,  Sulphur  prcerci- 
pitatum — c.  de  Tartre,  Potasste  supertartras. 

CREMER.  The  common  name  for  a  disease 
frequent  in  Hungary,  which  is  produced  by  ex- 
cess in  eating  and  drinking. — Chomel. 

CREMNOI,  plural  of  Kprifjivos,  '  a  steep  bank.' 
The  lips  of  an  ulcer.  The  Lahia  ^ouden' di. — Hip- 
pocrates, Foesius.     Hence : 

CREMNON'CUS,  from  K^vfivo?,  'the  labia  pu- 
dendi,'  and  oynus,  'a  tumour.'  A  swelling  of  the 
labia  pudendi. 

CREMOR,  Cream — c.  Tartari,  Potassse  super- 
tartras— c,  Urinae,  see  Urine. 

CRENA,  Crenatu'ra,  JDentic'uIus,  (F.)  Crene- 
lure.  In  the  plural,  the  small  teeth  or  projec- 
tions in  the  bones  of  the  cranium,  by  means  of 
which  an  accurate  junction  is  formed  at  the  su- 
tures. Grenelure  has  also  been  used  in  surgery, 
for  the  gutter  or  groove  in  certain  instruments, 
which  is  generally  intended  to  secure  the  passage 
of  cutting  instruments ;  the  groove,  for  example, 
of  a  director. 

CRENATURA,  Crena. 

GRENELURE,  Crena. 

CRE'OLE,  (S.)  CrioUo;  from  (S.)  criar,  'to 
create  or  foster.'  A  native  of  America,  or  of  the 
West  Indies,  born  of  parents  who  have  emigrated 
from  the   Old  "World,   or  from  Africa.    Hence 


there  may  be  white  as  well  as  black  Creoles.— 
Tsehudi. 

CREOPHAGUS,  Carnivorous. 

CREPALIA  TEMULENTA,  Lolium  temu- 
lentum. 

CREPANELLA,  Plumbago  Europrea. 

CREPA'TIO,  Crej)a'tura,  from  crejiare,  'to 
make  a  noise.'  The  action  of  bursting  any  seed 
by  ebullition.  Coque  ad  cre2oatti,'ram,  '  Boil  till 
it  bursts.' 

CREPATURA,  Hernia. 

CREPIDINES  PALPEBRARUM,  see  Tarsus. 

CREP'ITANT,  Crep'itating,  Crep'itansj  same 
etymon.     Crackling. 

RCile  Crepitant  Sec  d  Grosses  Brdlcs,  'dry 
crackling  noise  with  formation  of  large  bubbles,' 
is  heard  in  pulmonary  emphysema,  when  the  dis- 
tention becomes  greater  and  greater,  and  is  fol- 
lowed by  rupture  of  the  vesicles.  The  air  forcing 
itself  a  passage  in  the  interlobular  areolar  tissue, 
gives  rise  to  this  Rale  during  inspiration. 

Rale  Crepitant  Sec  of  Laennec,  R.  vesiculaire. 
The  crepitant  rattle,  heard,  during  respiration,  in 
severe  pneumonia  and  in  oedema  of  the  lung;  so 
termed  on  account  of  the  analogy  between  the 
sound  and  that  occasioned  by  pressing  a  healthy 
lung  between  the  fingers.  It  resembles  the  sound 
produced  by  rubbing  slowly  and  firmly  between 
the  finger  and  thumb  a  lock  of  hair  near  the  ear. 
The  Rlionchns  crepitans  redux,  (F.)  Rale  crep>itant 
reditx,  is  the  sound  heard  in  respiration  coexistent 
with  the  resolution  of  pneumonia.  It  indicates 
the  return  of  the  cells  to  the  pervious  condition. 

CREPITA'TION,  Crej^itus,  from  crcpitare,  'to 
make  a  noise.'  Crackling.  Crepitation  or  crepi- 
tus, (F.)  Cliquetis,  has  been  used,  in  Surgery,  to 
designate  the  noise  occasioned  by  the  friction  of 
fractured  bones,  when  the  surgeon  moves  them 
in  certain  directions.  When  it  cannot  bo  heard 
at  a  distance,  it  may  be  detected  b}'  the  immedi- 
ate application  of  the  ear,  or  by  the  use  of  the 
stethoscope.  Crep)itus  or  crackling  is,  likewise, 
met  with  in  cases  of  gangrene,  when  air  is  effused 
into  the  areolar  membrane — provided  the  part  be 
carefully  examined  with  the  fingers.  The  same 
term  is  used  for  the  cracking  of  the  joints  in 
health  or  disease. 

CREPITUS,  Crepitation,  Fart— c.  Lupi,  Ly- 
coperdon. 

CRESCENTIA,  Growth. 

Crescen'tia  Cuje'te;  called  after  Crescentio, 
an  Italian  writer  on  agriculture ;  Ciijefe,  Narroic- 
leaved  Calabash  Tree.  The  pulp  of  the  fruit  of 
this  AVest  India  plant  is  acidulous.  It  is  used  in 
diarrhoea  and  headaeh;  and,  in  syrup,  for  dis- 
eases of  the  chest. 

CRESCENTIiE,  Waxing  kernels. 

CRESERA,  see  Cribration. 

CRESPINUS,  Oxycantha  Galeni. 

CRESS,  BITTER,  COMMON,  Cardamine  pra- 
tensis — c.  Garden,  Lepidium  sativum — c.  Indian, 
TropfBolummajus — c.  Penny, Thlaspi—c.  Swines', 
Cochlearia  coronopus — c.  Water,  Sisymbrium  nas- 
turtium—  0.  Water,  marsh.  Nasturtium  palustre. 

CRESSES,  DOCK,  Lapsana — c.  Sciatica,  Le- 
pidium Iberis. 

CRESSI,  Sisymbrium  nasturtium. 
CRESSON  ALENOIS,  Lepidium  sativum  — 
c.  Elegant,  Cardamine  pratensis — c.  de  Fontaine, 
Sisymbrium  nasturtium  —  c.  des  hides,  Tropseo- 
lum  majus  —  c.  des  Jar  dins,  Lepidium  sativum — 
e.  du  Mexique,  Tropseolum  majus  —  c.  de  Para, 
Spilanthus  oleraceus  —  c.  des  Fres,  Cardamine 
pratensis. 

CREST,  Crista  — c.  of  the  Ilium,  see  Crista  o< 
the  Ilium— c.  of  the  Pubis,  see  Crista  of  the  Pu- 
bis— c.  of  the  Tibia,  see  Crista  of  the  Tibia — c.  of 
the  Urethra,  see  Crista  urethralis. 


CRETA 


252 


CRICOID 


CRETA,  Car'honas  calcia  friub'iVis,  Car'honas  ' 
CO.lca'rex'.s,  Glisomaf'gn,  3Ielia  Terra,  Chalk,  Car- 
hcnate  of  Lime,  (F.)  Craie.     Native  friable  car- 
bonate of  lime. 

Creta  PREPAnA'TA,  Oar'bonas  Calcis  prmpa- 
ra'tus,  Prepared  Chalk.  (Prepared  by  levigation.) 
Used  externally,  as  an  absorbent;  internally,  as 
an  antacid.    Pose,  gr.  x  to  ^j  or  more. 

CRETA'CEOUS,  Creta'eeus,  (E.)  Cra3/eux,from 
ereta,  '  chalk.'  Containing,  or  relating  to,  or 
having  the  characters  of,  chalk;  as  'cretaceous 
mixture,  cretaceous  tubercles.* 

CRETE,  Crista— c.  de  Coq,^  Crista  galli— c.  de 
V Ethmo'ide,  Crista  galli — c.  Urethrale,  Gallinagi- 
nis  caput. 

CRETES  DE  COQ,  see  Crista. 

CRETIN.  One  affected  with  cretinism.  The 
•word  is  said  to  come  from  Chretien,  "  Christian," 
because  the  Cretin,  being  in  a  state  of  idiocy,  is 
incapable  of  committing  any  sin  (?)     See  Cagot. 

CRET'INISM,  Cretinis'mus,  Cret'inage,  Cijrto'- 
sis  Cretin io'mus,  Kretinie'mus,  Micrenceph'alon. 
An  eiiidemio  aifection  in  the  low,  deep,  narrow 
situations  of  the  Valais ;  in  the  valley  of  Aost, 
Maurienne,  a  part  of  Switzerland,  the  Pyrenees, 
Tyrol,  &c.  It  is  a  state  of  idiocy,  commonly 
accompanied  by  an  enormous  goitre,  and  is  often 
hereditary.  The  unfortunate  cretin  is  little  better 
than  the  animals  around  him.  He  rarely  attains 
an  advanced  age.  Like  idiocy,  cretinism  has  been 
divided  into  complete  and  incomplete. 

CREUSET,  Ci-ucihle. 

CREUX  I)E  L'ATSSELLE,  see  Axilla. 

CREUXBE  L'ESTOJfAO,  Eossette  du  eceur. 

CREUX  DE  LA  MAIN,  Palm. 

CREUZXACH,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
The  springs  of  Creuznach  are  in  Germany.  They 
contain  iodine,  bromine,  and  the  chlorides  of 
sodium  and  calcium. 

CREUZOT,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  C.  is 
a  mountain  to  the  north-east  of  Mount  Cenis. 
Near  it  is  a  saline  chalybeate  spring. 

CREVASSE,  (F.)  Rima,  from  crever,<io  break 
or  crack.'  A  crack,  a  cleft.  The  words  crevasse, 
gerQure,  fissure,  and  rhagade  are  often  used  syno- 
nymously for  small  longitudinal  cracks  or  chaps 
of  a  more  or  less  painful  character.  Sometimes, 
crevasse  is  emploj'ed  to  designate  the  solutions  of 
continuity  or  ruptures,  which  supervene  in  dis- 
tended parts,  in  the  urinary  passages,  uterus,  <te. : 
it  is  then  synonymous  with  rupture. 

CRI,  Cry. 

CRIBLE,  Cribratus. 

CRIBRA,  see  Cribration. 

CRIBRA'TION,  Crihra'tio,  Coscinis'mus,  from 
cribrare,  '  to  sift.'  Sifting.  A  pharmaceutical 
operation,  which  consists  in  separating  the  finer 
parts  of  drugs  from  the  coarser.  Sieves.  Drum- 
sieves  are  used  for  this  purpose.  These  were  for- 
merly called  Crihra ;  Cos'cinoi.  A  sieve  for 
separating  the  bran  from  meal  was  termed  Cre'- 
sera,  Aleurote' sis,  Cribruni  Pollina'rimn. 

CRIB  RA'  T  U  S,  Cribro'sus,  from  cribrum,  '  a 
sieve.'  (F.)  Crible.  Having  holes  like  a  sieve. 
Lame  criblee,  Crib'riform  p)l<^te,  is  the  horizontal 
lamina  of  the  ethmoid  bone — so  called  because  it 
is  perforated  like  a  sieve.  Through  the  perfora- 
tions the  olfactory  nerves  pass. 

La'mina  Cribro'sa  of  Albinus  ;  Crib'riform  la- 
mel'la  —  a  circular  spot,  perforated  with  small 
holes,  seen  when  the  optic  nerve  is  regarded  from 
the  inside,  after  removing  the  retina  and  choroid. 
From  these  holes  the  medullary  matter  may  be 
expressed. 

CRIB'RIFORM,  Cribrifor'mis,  from  cribrum, 
'a  sieve,'  and/o;'»m,  'form  The  etlimoid  bone 
Was  formerly  feo  falh^d: — Os  Cribrifor'me. 


Cribriform  Compress.  A  square  piece  of  linen 
pierced  with  a  number  of  holes.  This  is  spread 
with  cerate  and  apiplied  to  a  suppurating  surface, 
the  holes  being  intended  for  the  escape  of  the  pus. 

Cribriform  Fascia,  see  Fascia,  cribriform — c. 
Lamella,  see  Cribratus — c.  Plate  of  the  Ethmoid, 
see  Cribratus. 

CRIBROSUS,  Cribratus. 

CRIBRUM  POLLINARIUM,  see  Cribration. 

CRICARYTENODES,  Crico-arytenoid. 

CFtlCELLA'SIA,  Criciln' sia,  from  KpiKog,  '  a 
circle,'  and  tXauvu,  'I  drive.'  An  exercise  with 
the  ancients,  which  appears  to  have  been  the  same 
as  the  childish  play  of  rolling  the  hoop. 

CRICK  IN  THE  NECK.  A  painful  rheuma- 
tic affection  of  the  muscles  of  the  neck,  which 
causes  the  person  to  hold  his  head  to  one  side  in 
a  characteristic  manner. 

C  R I C  0-A RY T'E  NOID,  Crico-arytenoideus, 
Cricaryteno'des.  Relating  to  the  cricoid  and  ary- 
tenoid cartilages. 

Crico-Aryt'enoid  Muscle,  Crico-arytenoide- 
us latera'lis,  Crico-latero-aryteno'idien.  A  muscle 
which  proceeds  from  the  lateral  part  of  the  supe- 
rior edge  of  the  cricoid  cartilage  to  the  outer  and 
anterior  part  of  the  base  of  the  arytenoid  carti- 
lage. It  carries  the  arytenoid  cartilage  outward 
and  forwards. 

Crico-Aryt'exoid,  Poste'eior  ;  Crieo-aryte- 
no'ideua  posti'cus,  Crico-creti-aryteno'idien,  Dila- 
tateur  posterieur  du  Larynx.  A  small,  triangular 
muscle,  seated  at  the  back  part  of  the  larynx.  It 
extends  from  the  prominent  line,  at  the  middle  of 
the  posterior  surface  of  the  cricoid  cartilage,  to 
the  outer  and  posterior  part  of  the  base  of  the 
arytenoid  cartilage. 

Crico-Arytenoideus  Supe'rior,  of  Winslow, 
forms  part  of  the  Aryteno'ideus  of  modern  anato- 
mists. 

CRICO-  CRETI-AR  YTENOIDIEN,  Crico- 
arytenoid, posterior  —  c.  Latero-aryteno'idien, 
Crico-arytenoid. 

CRICO  -  PHARYNGEAL,  Crico-Pharyngeus. 
Belonging  to  the  cricoid  cartilage  and  pharynx. 

Crico-Pharyngeus  muscle,  of  Winslow,  is  a 
fleshy  bundle,  which  forms  part  of  the  Constrictor 
Pharyngis  inferior.  He  calls  the  other  part 
Thyro-p)hai-ynge'us,  and  proposes  to  call  the 
whole  Thyro-crico-pharyngeus. 

CRICO-THYREOIDES,  Crico-Thyroidean. 

Crico-Thyroideax,  Crico-thyroid,  Crico-tliy- 
reo'des,  Orico-thyreoV des,  Crico-thyreo'ideua.  Be- 
longing to  the  cricoid  and  thyroid  cartilages. 

Crico-Thyroid  Membrane  is  of  a  fibrous  na- 
ture, and  extends  from  the  upper  edge  of  the 
cricoid  cartilage  to  the  inferior  edge  of  the  thyroid. 

Crico-Thyroid  Muscle,  Crico-thyro'ideus,{F.) 
Dilatateur  anterieur  du  larynx,  is  a  small  fleshy 
bundle,  of  a  triangular  shape,  at  the  anterior  and 
inferior  part  of  the  larynx.  It  extends  from  the 
outer  surface  of  the  cricoid  cartilage  to  the  late- 
ral parts  of  the  inferior  margin  of  the  thyroid  car- 
tilage; and  its  use  is,  to  approximate,  anteriorly, 
the  corresponding  margins  of  the  cricoid  and  thy- 
roid cartilages;  and  thus  to  stretch  the  ligaments 
of  the  glottis,  which  it  contracts  hy  separating 
the  thyroid  cartilage  from  the  arytenoid. 

CRICO-  TIIYR  0-PHAR  YNGIEN,  Constric- 
tor pharyngis. 

CRICOID,  Crico'i'deus,  Ch'co'i'des,  Orico'deif 
Annula'ris,  Cymbala'ris,  from  KpiKo;,  *a  ring/ 
and  Clio;,  'form.'  Having  the  form  of  a  ring. 
A  name  given  to  one  of  the  cartilages  of  the 
larynx,  Cartilu'go  innomiua'ta,  (F.)  Cartilage 
anonyme,  which  is  situate  at  its  lower  part,  be- 
tween the  thyroid  and  first  ring  of  the  trachea. 
It  is  much  higher  behind  than  before. 


CRICOIDES 


253 


CROCOMAGMA 


CRI''*OIDES,  Annular,  Cricoid. 

CRIi;OS,  Ring. 

CRIMNO'DES,  Crimno'i'des,  from  Kpijivov, 
'coarse  meal/  and  eiioj,  'resemblance.'  Resem- 
bling meal. 

Ckimso'des  Uri'na.  Urine  that  deposits  a 
eedimeMt  like  meal. 

CRIMXON,  Farina. 

CRIjSTA'LE,  from  crinis,  'hair.'  An  instru- 
ment formerly  used  to  compress  in  cases  of  fis- 
tula laehrymalis.  It  has  its  name  from  the  cir- 
cumstance of  its  having  at  one  end  a  small  cushion 
Etufled  -with  hair. — Scultetus. 

CRINA'TUM.  A  species  of  fumigation,  used 
by  Paulus  of  ^gina.  The  roots  of  lilies  entered 
iu to  the  process ;  hence  its  name, — from  Kpivov, 
'  the  lily.' 

CRINES,  Hair. 

CRINIS,  Capillus. 

CRINOM'YRON,  from  Kpivov,  'the  lily,'  and 
livpov,  '  ointment.'  Unguen'tum  lilia'cenm,  U. 
j^gyp'tiuin  album,  U.  Susi'num.  An  ointment, 
composed  of  lilies  and  some  aromatic  plants.  — 
Gorrajus, 

CRINON,  Lilium  candidum. 

CRIOLLO,  Creole. 

CRIOMYX'OS.  In  antiquity,  one  who  had 
much  mucus  flowing  from  his  nasal  fossee,  like 
the  ram;  from  Kpw?,  'a  ram,'  and  ^ufa,  'mucus.' 

CRISIS,  Diac'risis,  Dijudica'tio,  '  decision  ;' 
from  Kpivo,  'I  decide.'  This  word  has  been  used 
in  various  acceptations.  Some  mean  by  crisis  of 
a  disease,  when  it  augments  or  diminishes  consi- 
derably, becomes  transformed  into  another,  or 
ceases  entirely.  Some  have  used  the  word  to 
signify  only  the  favourable  changes  which  super- 
vene in  disease ;  others,  for  the  change  going  on 
in  the  acme  or  violence  of  the  disease.  Others, 
again,  have  given  this  name  only  to  a  rapid  and 
favourable  change,  joined  to  some  copious  eva- 
cuation or  eruption ;  whilst  others  have  applied 
the  term  to  the  symptoms  that  accompany  such 
change,  and  not  to  the  change  itself;  —  thus  in- 
cluding, under  the  same  denomination,  the  criti- 
cal phenomena  and  the  crisis. 

CRISPA'TION,  Crispatit'ra,  from  crispare, 
'to  wrinkle.'  A  contraction  or  spasmodic  con- 
striction, which  supervenes  in  certain  parts,  either 
spontaneously  or  by  the  influence  of  some  mor- 
bific cause  or  therapeutical  agent.  The  capillary 
vessels  of  a  wound  are,  by  the  French,  termed 
crispis,  when,  immediately,  after  an  operation, 
the  blood  does  not  flow  from  them.  The  skin  is 
paid  to  be  crispie,  when  contracted,  and  the 
Dulbs  of  the  hair  become  more  prominent.  Cris- 
paiion  of  the  nerves  is  a  slight  convulsive  motion 
of  external  or  internal  parts,  much  less  than  that 
which  occurs  in  convulsion. 

CRISTA,  J.)»6e,  J.)»6on.  A  crest.  (S.)  Crete. 
A  name  given  to  several  bony  projections;  also, 
to  the  clitoris. 

The  word  Crates  (F.),  Crista,  is  also  used,  in 
France,  for  fimbriated  excrescences,  which  form 
at  the  anus,  and  near  the  genital  organs;  and  are 
commonly  owing  to  the  syphilitic  virus.  Cretes 
de  Coq  are  syphilitic  excrescences,  resembling,  in 
form,  the  crest  of  the  cock. 

Cbtsta  Galli;  two  Latin  words,  signifying 
the  c-«>/n6  of  a  cock,  (F.)  Crete  de  I'ethmo'ide,  G. 
de  Coq.  A  flat,  triangular  process,  rising  above 
the  cribriform  plate  of  the  ethmoid  bone,  and  re- 
sembling a  cock's  comb.  It  gives  attachment  to 
the  anterior  part  of  the  falx  cerebri. 

Crista  oh  Crest  of  the  Il'tum,  is  the  supe- 
rior margin  of  the  ilium  : — the  Crista  or  Crest  of 
the  Tib'ia,  the  anterior  edge,  the  shin;  and  the 
Crista  or  Crest  of  the  Puhis,  the  posterior  sharp 
edge  on  the  upper  surface  of  the  bone.    Winslow 


calls 'the  nymphae  Crista  of  the  clit'oris;  and 
Chaussier,  the  veru  niontanum.  Crista  Urethra'- 
lis.  Crest  of  the  Urethra. 

Crista  Interna,  Frontal  spine  —  c.  Tibiae, 
Shin — c.  Urethralis,  Gallinaginis  caput. 

Crista  Vestib'uli,  Eminen'tia  pyrainida'lis. 
A  crest  which  divides  the  vestibule  of  the  ear 
into  two  fossas,  —  one  inferior  and  hemispherical, 
called  Fo'vea  hemispha'rica  ;  the  other  superior 
and  semi-elliptical.  Fovea  ellip'tica  seu  seinf- 
ellip'tica.  Morgagni  has  described  a  third  groove-i 
like  fossa,  Reces'sus  seu  Fo'vea  sulciform'is,  situ> 
ate  at  the  mouth  of  the  common  orifice  of  the  two 
superior  semicircular  canals. 

CRISTA  CLITORIDIS,  Nympha3. 

CRISTALLIN,  Crystalline. 

CRISTALLINE,  Mesembryanthemum  crya, 
tallinum. 

CRITHE,  Hordeolum,  Hordeum,  Penis. 

CRITHIDION,  Hordeolum. 

CRITHMUM  MARIT'IMUM,  Crithmum,  Ca- 
chrys  marit'iina,  Foenic'idum  mari'num,  SamjMre, 
(F.)  Passe-jnerre,  Perce-pierre,  Fenouil  marin, 
Bacile.  Family,  Umbelliferffi.  Sex.  Syst.  Pen- 
tandria  Digynia.  A  plant  which  grows  on  the 
sea-coasts,  has  a  spicj^,  aromatic  flavour,  and  is 
used,  pickled,  as  a  condiment. 

The  Gaaponga  of  Brazil  is  a  kind  of  crithmum. 

CRIT'ICAL,  Crit'icus.     Belonging  to  a  crisis. 

Critical  Bays,  Dies  crit'ici,  D.  judicato'rii, 
D.  Eecreto'rii,  D.  Prin'cipcs,  D.  Radica'les,  D. 
Contemp>lah' iles,  D.  Internvn'cii,  (F.)  Joura  cri- 
tiques, are  those  on  which  a  crisis,  it  is  imagined, 
is  most  likely  to  happen.  According  to  Hippo- 
crates and  Galen,  the  greatest  number  of  fevers 
terminate  favourably  on  the  7th  day,  and  many 
on  the  14th;  —  these  two  days  being  the  most 
propitious.  Next  to  these  come,  in  order  of  efii- 
ciency,  the  9th,  11th,  20th  or  21st,  17th,  5th,  4th, 
3d,  ISth,  27th,  and  28th.  The  sixth  day  was 
called  by  Galen,  the  Tyrant,  rvpavvos,  because 
the  crises  that  happened  then  were  generally  un- 
favourable. After  this,  the  most  unfavourable 
were  the  8th,  10th,  12th,  16th,  and  19th.  The 
loth  was  a  sort  of  neutral  day;  the  crises  which 
hapisened  on  it  being  neither  favourable  nor  un- 
favourable. Bays  were,  also,  divided  into  Inter' - 
calary,  on  which  the  crises  happened  less  fre- 
quently, and  were  less  complete  than  on  the 
critical  or  indicatory  ; — and  into  vacant  and  non- 
decretory,  on  which  a  crisis  hardly  ever  occurred. 
According  to  this  division,  they  were  enumerated 
as  follows : 

Critical  days 7th,  14th,  20th,  27th,  34th, 

40th,  60th,  Ac. 

Indicatory  days 4th,  11th,  17th,  24th,  &C. 

Intercalary  days. . .  .3d,  5th,  6th,  9th,  &c. 
Non-decretory  days.  .2d,  8th,  10th,  12th,  13th,  &c. 

Fortunate  crises  were  considered  to  be  indi- 
cated by  favourable  signs  appearing  three  days 
before. 

CRITICAL  PERIOB,  see  Menses. 

CROCHET,  Crotchet, 

CROCIBISMUS,  Carphologia. 

CROCIBIXIS,  Carphologia. 

CRO'CINUM,  from  KpuKos,  'saffron,'  Made 
with  saffron  ;  coloured  with  saffron. 

CROCO'BES,  from  KpoKos,  'saffron,'  and  uSo;, 
'resemblance.'  Certain  troches  into  which  saf- 
fron entered  as  an  ingredient. — Paulus  of  iEgina. 

CROCOBI'LEA,  Stercus  Zar.er'tm.  The  ex- 
crements of  the  crocodile,  which  the  Arabists 
extolled  as  a  remedy  for  cutaneous  diseases,  and 
which  was  long  used  as  a  cosmetic. 

CROCOBILIUM,  Echinops. 

CROCOMAG'MA,  from  KpoKo^,  'saffron,'  uni 
uayua,  *a  kneaded  or  squeezed  mass.'     A  kind 


CROCUS 


254 


CROWN 


of  troch,  composed  of  saffron  and  spices. — Galen, 
Sioscorides,  Paulus  of  ^gina,  Scribonius  Largus. 

CROCUS,  C.  sati'vus  seu  ojftcina'lis  seu  Aiis- 
triacus,  3fedici' na  Tri8tit"icB,  Panace'a  vegefab'- 
ilis,  Zaffran,  An'tma  Pulmo'nnm,  C.  Oricnta'lis, 
Jovisflos,  Saffron,  (F.)  Safran.  Order,  Iridese. 
The  stigmata  are  the  parts  used  in  medicine. 
They  are  brought  from  the  East.  The  odour  is 
aromatic,  and  the  taste  aromatic,  pungent,  and 
bitter  : — the  colour  deep  orange  red.  Its  virtues 
are  yielded  to  alcohol,  wine,  vinegar  and  water. 
Its  operation  has  been  considered  stimulant,  ex- 
hilarating and  diaphoretic.    It  is  not  much  used. 

Cake  Saffron  is  sometimes  met  with.  It  con- 
sists of  one  part  of  saffron  and  nine  of  marigold, 
made  into  a  cake  with  oil,  and  pressed. 

Crocds,  Colcothar  —  c.  Antimonii,  Oxydum 
stibii  sulphuratum  —  c.  Austriacus,  Crocus  — •  c. 
Germanicus,  Carthamus  tinctorius  —  c.  Indicus, 
Curcuma  longa — c.  Martis  adstringens,  Colcothar 
— c.  Martis  aperiens,  Ferri  subcarbonas — c.  Mar- 
tis vitriolatus,  Colcothar — c.  Metallorum,  Oxydum 
stibii  sulphuratum — c.  Officinalis,  Crocus — c.  Ori- 
en talis.  Crocus  —  c.  Saracenicus,  Carthamus  tinc- 
torius— c.  Sativus,  Crocus. 

CROCYDISMUS,  Carphologia. 

CROISE,  (F.)  Grossed.  An  epithet  given  to 
paralysis,  when  it  attacks  the  arm  of  one  side 
and  the  leg  of  another. 

CROISSANCE,  Growth. 

CROISSANOES,  AVaxing  kernels, 

CROISSANTS,  Waxing  kernels. 

CROIX  BE  3IALTE,  Sple'nium  Crucia'tum, 
Maltese  Cross,  Gross  of  Malta.  A  compress, 
having  the  form  of  the  Maltese  cross.  It  is 
made  of  a  piece  of  square  linen,  folded  in  four, 
and  divided  with  scissors  from  each  angle  to  a 
small  distance  from  the  centre.  It  is  used  espe- 
cially after  amputation  of  the  fingers,  penis,  and 
limbs. 

When  the  compress  is  cut  in  two  of  its  angles 
only,  it  is  called  the  Half  Maltese  Cross, — Demi- 
croix.  de  Malte. 

CROMMYON",  Allium  cepa. 

CROMMYOXYREG'MIA,  from  Kpoi>^,vov,  'an 
onion,'  o^v?,  'acid,'  and  priyvvni,  'to  break  out.' 
Sour,  fetid  eructations,  exhaling  a  smell  similar 
to  that  of  onions. 

CROPALE,  Nerium  antidysentericum. 

CROPSTA,  Chromopsia. 

CROSS,  MALTESE,  Croix  de  Malte. 

CROSSE  DE  L'AORTE,  Arch  of  the  aorta. 

CROSSES  PALM  AIRES,  Palmar  arches. 

CROSSWORT,  Eupatorium  perfoliatum,  Lysi- 
machia  quadrifolia. 

CROTALOPHORUS,  Crotalus  horridus. 

CROT'ALUS  HOR'RIDUS,  Crotaloph'orvs. 
The  Rattlesnake,  Cobra  di  Capello,  (F.)  Grotale. 
A  venomous  reptile  of  North  America.  Its  poison 
is  virulent.  _  It  is  so  called  from  the  rattle  in  its 
tail,  (^K^orakov,  'a  rattle,'  'a  small  bell.') 

CROT'APHE,  Crota'phium,  from  Kporacpos, 
'  temple.'  CephaUd'rjia  Pidsat'ilis,  Gephala'a 
Pidsat'ilis,  Sphyrjmoceph' alus.  A  pulsatory  pain, 
chiefly  in  the  temples,  with  drumming  in  the  ears. 

CROTAPHITE  ARTERIES,  Temporal  ar- 
tei  les. 

CROTAPHITES.  Temporal  muscle. 
CROTAPIIIUM,  Crotaphe. 
CROTAPIIUS,  Temple,  Temporal  bone. 
CROTCHET,  Ilamns.    A  small  hook  or  crook. 
(F.)   Crochet.     An  obstetrical  instrument,  whose 
name  indicates  its  shape,  and  which  is  used  in  the 
extraction  of  the  foetus,  when  it  becomes  necvssary 
<o  destroy  it  to  expedite  delivery.     Crotchets  are 
differently  lormea;  some  are  sharp,  others  blunt; 
lome  contained  in  a  sheath,  others  naked. 
CROTON  BENZOE,  Benjamin, 


Croton  Cascaeil'lA,  Cortex  Eleitthe' n'a,  Cro- 
ton  Eleuthe'ria  seu  Elute'ria,  Clu'tia  Elute'ria, 
Thus  JudcBo'rum,  Cliacaril'lcB  cortex,  Gascaril'la, 
Eleute'ria,  Gascaril'la.  Order,  Euphorbiaceas. 
Sex.  Syst.  Monrecia  Monadelphia.  (F.)  Quin- 
quina aromatique,  Cascarille.  The  bark  of  Cro- 
ton  Cascarilla  of  the  Bahamas,  Cortex  Thuris, 
has  a  slightly  aromatic  odour,  and  bitterish,  arc 
matic  taste.  The  smoke  has  the  odour  of  musk. 
The  active  parts  are  an  essential  oil  and  bitter 
extractive.  They  are  completely  extracted  by 
proof  spirit.  It  is  tonic  and  stomachic.  Dose, 
gr.  XV  to  ^ss  or  more,  in  powder. 

Croton  Eleutheeia,  Croton  cascarilla — e.  Ja- 
malyota,  C.  tiglium — c.  Lacciferum,  see  Lacea — 
c.  Oil,  Croton  tiglium. 

Croton  RACEMo'susr,  Beenel,  A  small  Mala- 
bar tree,  whose  aromatic  root,  boiled  in  oil  of 
sesame,  is  employed,  by  the  orientals,  as  a  lini- 
ment in  headach  and  rheumatism. 

CnoT:o'sTi(i''Li'uvi  ,c.  Jamalyo'  tajCadel-  Avanacu. 
A  Ceylonese  plant,  every  part  of  which  is  en- 
dowed with  medicinal  power.  The  root  is  a  dras- 
tic cathartic :  the  wood,  Lignum  Pava'na,  Pa- 
vana  wood,  and  the  seed,  have  like  virtues.  The 
seeds  have  been  long  known  under  the  names, 
Grana  Moluc'ca,  Til'ii  Grana,  and  Grana  Tig'lii 
seu  Tig'lia.  From  these  seeds  the  Croton  Oil, 
O'leum  Tig'lii,  is  expressed.  It  is  of  a  pale, 
brownish-yellow  colour,  and  hot,  biting  taste ; 
and  is  a  most  powerful  drastic  cathartic.  Dose, 
from  half  a  drop  to  three  drops,  made  into  pills 
with  crumb  of  bread.  It  is  also  applied  exter- 
nally as  a  rubefacient,  3  to  5  drops  being  rubbed 
on  the  part ;  or  one  part  of  the  oil  and  three  parts 
of  olive  oil  may  be  added  together,  and  a  little  of 
this  be  rubbed  on. 

CROTO'NE,  KpoT(i)vv.  A  fungus,  which  grows 
on  trees,  and  is  produced  by  an  insect,  from  Kporwv, 
'a  tick.'  By  extension,  applied  to  a  fungous 
tumour  developed  on  the  periosteum. 

CROUP,  Cynanche  trachealis  — c.  Bronchia], 
Polypus  bronchialis — e.  Cerebral,  Asthma  thymi- 
eum — c.  Cerebral  spasmodic,  Carpo-pedal  spasm — • 
c.  Chronic,  Polypus  bronchialis  —  c.  Faux,  Asth- 
ma thymicum,  see  Cynanche  trachealis. 

Croup,  Hyster'ic.  A  spasmodic  affection  of 
the  laryngeal  muscles  by  no  means  unfrequent  in 
hysterical  females, — the  paroxysm  consisting  in 
a  long  protracted,  loud  and  convulsive  cougli^ 
followed  at  times  by  crowing  respiration,  and 
by  dyspnoea  so  great  as  to  threaten  suffocation. 
The  treatment  is  that  advised  for  hy.<eria. 

Croup,  Pseudo,  Asthma  thymicuji  —  c.  Pseu^ 
do-7ierveux.  Asthma  thymicum  —  c.   Spasmodic, 
see  Asthma  thymicum,  and  Cynanche  trachealis 
—  c.  Spurious,  Asthma  thymicum, 
CROUPE,  see  Croupion. 

CROUP  ION  (F.)  Uropyg'ium,  Orus,  Orrhoa, 
the  Rump.  The  region  of  the  coccyx.  The  Ci-vp- 
per,  (F.)  Croupe. 

CROUP-LIKE  INSPIRATION  OF  IN- 
FANTS,  Asthma  thymicum. 

CROUTE,  Crusta— c.  De  lait,  Porrigo  larvalis 
— c.  Laiteuse,  Porrigo  larvalis, 
CROUTEUX,  CrustacL 

CROWFOOT,  Geranium  maculatum— c.  Brist- 
ly, Ranunculus  Pennsylvanicus  —  c.  Bulbous- 
rooted,  Ranunculus  bulbosus — c.  Marsh,  Ranun- 
culus seeleratus— c.  Meadow,  Ranunculus  neris — 
c.  Small-flowered,  Ranunculus  abortivus — c.  Wa- 
ter, smaller.  Ranunculus  flammula. 

CROWN,  Coro'va,  Stcph'ane.  In  anatomy,  this 
name  is  given  to  parts  of  a  circular  form,  which 
surmount  other  portions  of  the  same  body.  Thus, 
the  Crown  of  a  TonlJi,  Coro'na  Dentin,  (F.)  Coii- 
ronne  du  Dent,  is  the  portion  of  the  tooth  which 
pr'^jects  above  the  gum. 


CROWSBEAK-LIKE  PROCESS 


255 


CRURAL 


Crown  op  the  Glans,  Coro'na  seu  Tor'ulus 
tjlandis,  (F.)  Cournniie  da  gland,  is  the  round, 
almost  circular,  ring,  'wliicli  circumscribes  the 
base  of  the  glans. 

Crown  of  the  Trepan,  Modiolus,  (F.)  Cou- 
ronne  da  Tre^ian,  is  a  species  of  saw,  in  form  of 
a  crown,  or  rather  of  a  portion  of  a  cylinder, 
having  grooves  on  its  external  surface,  and  teeth 
at  its  lower  extremity ;  the  other  being  fitted  to 
the  handle  of  the  trepan. 

Crown  of  Venus,  Coro'na  Ven'eris,  Gufta  Ro- 
sa'cea  SypTiilit'ica,  (F.)  Couronne  de  Venus.  Red, 
rosy  pustules,  dry  or  moist,  on  the  face ;  but  par- 
ticularly on  the  forehead  and  temples,  owing  to 
constitutional  syphilis. 

CROWSBEAK-LIKE  PROCESS,  Coraeoid 
process. 

CRU'CIAL,  from  cmx,  cruets,  'a  cross.'  Cru- 
cia'lis,  Crucia'tus.  Having  the  shape  of  a  cross. 
Appertaining  to  a  cross. 

Crucial  Bandage,  T  Bandage. 

Crucial  Incis'ion,  Incisu'ra  crucia'Us,  (F.) 
Incision  cruciale.  An  incision  made  in  the  form 
of  a  cross.  Often  employed  for  exposing  the  cra- 
nium, for  the  purpose  of  applying  the  trepan. 

Crucial  Ligament  of  the  Atlas,  Annular 
ligament  of  the  Atlas. 

Crucial  Lig'aments,  (F.)  Ligaments  croise-i, 
L.  cruei/onnes.  Two  strong  ligaments  within 
the  knee-joint.  The  anterior  passes  obliquely 
from  a  depression  anterior  to  the  spine  of  the 
tibia  to  the  posterior  and  inner  part  of  the  exter- 
nal condj'le  of  the  femur:  —  the  other,  the  poste- 
rior, extends  from  the  posterior  part  of  the  spine 
of  the  tibia  to  the  anterior  and  outer  part  of  the 
internal  condyle. 

CRUCIA'TI  DOLO'RES,  Excruciating  pains. 

CRU'CIBLE,  from  crux,  criicis,  'across:'  so 
called — it  has  been  supposed  —  from  being  made 
in  the  shape  of  a  cross,  or  from  having  a  cross 
impressed  upon  it :  Crvcih'nlwn,  Cati'nus  fuso'- 
rius,  Tigil'lum,  Albot,  Cemente' rium,  (F.)  Creuset. 
A  vessel  of  earth,  silver,  platinum,  gold,  black- 
lead,  &o.,  for  receiving  substances,  which  have  to 
be  exposed  to  a  strong  heat.  It  is  sometimes 
covered  with  a  top  or  lid.     (F.)  Couvercle. 

CRU'CIFORM,  from  crux,  crucis, '  a  cross,'  and 
forma,  '  shape  ;'  Cruciform' is,  Cross-shaped.  A 
name  given  to  the  ligaments  which  close  the  ar- 
ticulations of  the  phalanges,'  and  likewise  to  the 
crucial  ligaments. 

CRUDE,  Crudus,  Oimts :  Raw,  unripe,  not  con- 
cocted: 

CRUDITAS  MORBI,  see  Crudity— c.  Ventri- 
culi,  see  Crudity. 

CRU'DITY,  Cru'ditns,  Om'otes,  Status  Crudi- 
ta'tis,  from,  crudus,  'crude,'  'unprepared,'  Incoctus. 
Rawness,  Crudeness.  This  has  received  several 
acceptations.  1.  It  expresses  the  quality  of  cer- 
tain aliments,  which  have  not  experienced  the 
action  of  fire.  2.  The  condition  of  matters  in  the 
digestive  tube,  which  have  not  undergone  the  di- 
gestive changes, — cru'ditas  ventric'idi ;  and,  3.  In 
the  language  of  the  Humorists,  it  means  the  con- 
dition of  the  morbific  matter  in  a  sick  individual, 
cru'ditas  morhi,  when  it  has  not  yet  been  pre- 
pared or  concocted  by  the  action  of  the  organs, — 
Azym'ia  Iinmo' rum. 

The  word  is  used  in  the  plural,  Oru'dities,  syno- 
nymously v^iih  crude  matters.  (F.)  Matieres  crues. 
It  is  applied  to  those,  when  contained  in  the  sto- 
mach and  intestines. 

CRUELS,  Scrofula. 

CRUENTA  EXSPUITIO,  Hsemoptysis. 

GRUBS  (Matieres,)  see  Crudity. 

CRUME'NA  VESi'C^.  The  cavity  of  the 
urinary  bladder. 

CRUOR.     The   siraification  of  this  word   is 


very  vague.  It  has  been  used  to  dcjif^^naf  e  blood 
in  general,  venous  blood,  extravasated  or  coagu- 
lated blood,  and  the  colouring  matter. 

Cruor  Sanguinis,  see  Blood. 

CRUORIN,  Hajmatin. 

CRUPPER,  Croupion—c.  Bone,  Coccyx. 

CRUPSIA,  Metamorphopsia. 

CRURA.  The  plural  of  Cms,  'a  leg.  (F.) 
Cuisse.  Applied  to  some  parts  of  the  body,  from 
their  resemblance  to  legs  or  roots ;  as  the  Crura 
cerebri.  Crura, cerebelli,  &c. 

Crura  Anteriora  Medull^e  Oblongata,  Pe- 
duncles of  the  brain  —  c.  Cerebelli  ad  Corpora 
Quadrigcmina,  see  Peduncles  of  the  cerebellum — 
c.  Cerebelli  ad  Pontem,  see  Peduncles  of  the  cere- 
bellum—  c.  Clitoridis  interna,  Bulbus  vestibuli — 
e.  MeduUje  oblongatte.  Corpora  restiformia,  Tha- 
lami  nervorum  opticorum,  see  Peduncles  of  tho 
cerebellum  —  c.  Posteriora  medullce  oblongatse, 
Peduncles  of  the  cerebellum. 

CRUR^US,  Cruralis. 

CRURAL,  Crura'lis,  from  c7-us,  'the  thigh,  and 
lower  limb.'  What  belongs  to  the  thigh  or  lower 
limb. 

Crural  Arcii,  In'guinal  Arch,  Fem'oral  Arch, 
(F.)  Arcade  crurale,  A.  inguinale  (Ch.),  Pot'- 
part's  Lig'ament,  L.  of  Fallo'jiius.  This  arch  is 
formed  by  the  internal  portion  of  the  inferior  edge 
of  the  aponeurosis  of  the  obliquus  externus  mus-" 
ele,  which  is  attached,  at  one  end,  to  the  pubis ; 
at  the  other,  to  the  anterior  and  superior  spinous 
process  of  the  ilium.  At  its  posterior  and  inner 
part,  the  aponeurosis,  forming  the  arch,  sends  off 
a  falciform  reflection,  which  is  attached  along  tho 
crest  of  the  pubis,  and  is  known  under  the  name 
of  Gimbernat's  Ligament.  Beneath  this  arch, 
the  vessels,  nerves,  and  muscles  make  their  exit 
from  the  pelvis  to  the  thigh. 

Crural  Artery,  Fem'oral  Artery,  (F.)  Arttre 
crurale,  A.  Pelvi -crurale, — (Ch.,)  is  the  continua- 
tion of  the  external  iliac.  It  extends  from  the 
crural  arch  to  the  aperture  in  the  triceps,  or  to 
the  ham.  Chaussier  applies  the  name  Artere 
crurale  to  the  trunk,  which  extends  from  the  pri- 
mitive or  common  iliac  to  the  tibial  arteries ;  em- 
bracing, of  course,  the  external  iliac,  femoral,  and 
popliteal. 

Crural  Canal,  Crural  Ring,  Fem'oral  canal 
or  ring.  M.  Jules  Cloquet  has  described  this  canal 
with  minuteness,  and  given  it-the  name  Amieaxi 
crural,  Anneau  femoral.  It  is  nearly  an  inch 
long,  triangular,  more  spacious  above  than  below, 
and  shorter  and  broader  in  tlie  female  than  in  the 
male.  Its  upper  orifice  is  bounded,  anteriorly, 
by  the  crural  arch ;  posteriorly,  by  the  crista  of 
the  pubis ;  on  the  outer  side  by  the  psoas  and 
iliacus  muscles,  covered  by  the  iliac  aponeurosis, 
and,  at  the  inner,  by  Gimbernat's  ligament.  This 
orifice  is  covered  by  the  peritoneum,  and,  accor- 
ding to  M.  Cloquet,  is  closed  by  a  more  or  less 
resisting  septum,  which  he  has  named  Septum 
crurale.  Crural  septum.  In  its  ccurse,  the  crural 
canalhas  its  anterior  parietes  formed  by  the  super- 
ficial expansion  of  the  fascia  lata:  the  posterior 
by  the  peotiueus,  covered  by  the  deep-seated  ex- 
pansion of  the  fascia ;  and  more  externally  by  the 
psoas  and  iliacus  muscles,  covered  by  an  expan- 
sion of  the  fascia  iliaca.  Its  inferior  orifice  is 
formed  by  the  foramen  of  the  fascia  lata.,  whicii 
gives  passage  to  the  vena  saphrena.  It  is  at  tho 
upper  orifice  of  this  canal,  iliAi  Femoral  or  Crural 
Hernia,  Ilernie  inguinale  of  Chaussier,  occurs ; 
which  would  be  more  common,  wore  it  not  for 
the  fibrous  cellular  septum  there  situate. 

Crural  Nerve  proceeds  from  the  lumbsr 
plexus,  and  is  situate  at  the  outer  side  of  thj 
psoas  muscle   and  crural  artery.     After   it  Lsi* 


CRURAL 


256 


CRYSTALLIJTB 


passed  under  the  crural  arch,  it  divides  into 
cutaneous  and  muscular  branches.  One  of  the- 
branches,  which  is  larger  than  the  rest,  is  called 
the  Saphm'na  nerve.  It  gives  off  filaments  to  the 
integuments  of  the  knee,  to  the  inner  part  of  the 
leg,  and  to  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  foot.  The 
remainder  of  the  branches  of  the  crural  are  dis- 
triliuted  to  the  anterior  and  inner  part  of  the 
thigh.  The  Ac'  ceasory  of  the  Orural  Nerve  is  a  term 
given  to  the  4th  and  5th  pairs  of  lumbar  nerves. 

Crdral  Plexus  of  Chaussier  is  the  union  of 
the  anterior  branches  of  the  last  four  pairs  of 
lumbar  nerves,  and  the  first  four  sacral ;  forming 
the  lumbar  and  sacral  plexuses  of  most  anato- 
mists. 

Crural  Kixg,  Crural  canal — c.  Septum,  see 
Crural  canal. 

Crural  Vein,  Fem'oral  Vein,  has  the  same 
arrangement  as  the  artery.  It  receives  only  one 
great  branch,  the  saphEena. 

CRURAL,  Triceps  cruris. 

CRUKxl'LIS,  Crurm'us.  A  part  of  the  Triceps 
crural  of  the  French,  or  of  the  Trifeinororotulien 
of  Chaussier.  The  cruralis  is  situate  at  the  ante- 
rior, outer,  and  inner  part  of  the  thigh.  It  arises, 
fleshy,  from  betvreen  the  two  trochanters,  adheres 
firmly  to  most  of  the  fore  part  of  the  os  femoris, 
and  is  inserted,  tendinous,  into  the  upper  part  of 
the  patella,  behind  the  rectus.  Its  use  is  to  assist 
the  vasti  and  rectus  in  the  extension  of  the  leg. 
Under  J/iKcZe  Triceps  Orural,  the  French  describe 
the  cruralis  and  the  two  vasti.  Some  small  mus- 
cular slips,  sometimes  found  under  the  crurseus 
muscle,  and  inserted  into  the  capsular  ligament 
of  the  knee-joint,  have  been  called  Suh-crura'i. 

CRURIS  RADIUS,  Fibula. 

CRUS,  Leg,  Thigh. 

CRUST,  Eschar. 

CRUSTA.  A  crust  or  scab.  (F.)  Croute.  An 
assemblage  of  small  flakes,  formed  by  the  drying 
up  of  a  fluid  secreted  by  the  skin. 

The  lining  membrane  of  the  stomach  and  in- 
testines has  been  called  Cru^ta  viUo'sa. 

Crusta  AcAMANTEfA  Dentium,  Enamel  of  the 
teeth. 

Cbusta  Genu  EQUi'NiE,  HippogonyoV epus, 
Sioeat  or  Knee  Scab,  llock  or  Encircled  Hoof 
Kiiees,  Hangers,  Dew  Claws,  Night  Eyes,  Horse 
Crust.  This  morbid  secretion  from  the  horse  has 
been  advised  in  cases  of  epilepsy.  It  is  used  in 
the  form  of  powder,  (gr.  ij  to  gr.  xx,-)  and  of 
tincture. 

Crusta  IsTLAirsrATORiA,  Corium  phlogisticum 
—  c.  Laetea,  Porrigo  larvalis,  P.  lupinosa  —  c. 
Membranacea,  Peristroma — c.  Petrosa,  see  Tooth 
c.  Phlogistica,  Corium  phlogisticum  —  c.  Pleure- 
tica,  Corium  phlogisticum — c.  Pruriginosa,  Gutta 
rosea — c.  Serpiginosa,  Gutta  rosea — c.  Vermicu- 
laris,  Peristroma — c.  Villosa  linguae,  see  Tongue 
— c.  Villosa  ventriculi,  see  Stomach. 

CR  USTA  CE,  (F.)  Alibert  has  substituted  this 
•word,  in  his  Nosology,  for  crovAeux,  'crusty.' 
Having  crusts  or  scabs ;  as  Dartre  crustacee. 

CRUS'TULA.  A  small  sheU  or  scab.  An 
ecchymosis  of  the  conjunctiva. 

CRUSTUMI'NATUM.  A  rob,  prepared  from 
the  Pyra  Crustumi'na  or  Cnistumeri'na,  (so  called 
from  Crustuminum,  a  town  in  Italj',  where  they 
grew.'^  boiled  with  honey  or  in  rain-water. — 
Ae'tius. 

CRUX  CERVI.  An  ancient  appellation  for 
the  bone  in  the  heart  of  the  stag.  It  was  once 
considered  useful  in  diseases  of  the  heart. 

CRT,  Clamor,  Doe,  (F.)  Cri.  The  sound  of 
the  unarticulated  voice.  The  native  voice,  which 
the  idiot  and  deaf  possess  equally  with  the  man 
of  genius  and  hearing.  The  cry  of  the  new-born 
vshild  has  bc^u  called  Vagi'tus,  (F.)  Vagissemcnt. 


We  say,  "A  cry  of  joy,  of  pleasure,  of  pain," 
&c.,  according  to  the  expression  which  it  may 
convey  to  the  hearer. 

CRYMO'DES,  from  Kpvixos,  'cold.'  A  conti, 
nued  fever,  Fehris  crywo'des,  in  which  the  inter- 
nal parts  feel  hot,  and  the  external  cold ;  and 
which  was  attributed  to  an  erysipelatous  inflam- 
mation of  the  lungs. — Aetius,  Gorranis. 

CRTMODYN'IA,  from  K^vfioi,  'cold,'  and  o5«vrr, 
•  pain.'  Chronic  rheuraatism,  and  all  its  modifi- 
cations.—Baumes. 

CRYMO'SIS,  from  Kpvjxo^,  'cold.'  Eiseasea 
caused  by  the  action  of  cold. — Baumes. 

CRYPSOR'CHIS,  from  /cpus-rw,  'I  conceal,' 
and  op-)(^iq,  'a  testicle.'  Cryptor'chis,  Testicon'dus. 
One  in  whom  the  testes  have  not  descended  into 
the  scrotum.  The  state  is  called,  Cryptorchidit'- 
mus,  Parorchid'ium. 

CPtYPTA,  from  k^vitto;,  '  concealed.'  Follic'- 
idose  gland,  Lacu'na,  Follic'ulus,  (F.)  Crypte, 
Follicule.  A  cryjyt  or  follicle  is  a  small,  round- 
ish, hollow  body,  situate  in  the  substance  of  the 
skin  or  mucous  membranes,  and  constantly  pour- 
ing the  fiiiid  which  it  secretes  on  their  surfaces. 

The  use  of  the  cryptal  or  follicular  secretion, 
is  to  keep  the  parts  on  which  it  is  poured  supple 
and  moist,  and  to  preserve  them  from  the  action 
of  irritating  bodies  with  which  they  have  to  come 
in  contact. 

The  little  rounded  appearances  at  the  ends  of 
the  small  arteries,  in  the  cortical  substance  of  the 
kidney,  are  also  called  Cryjjtce. 

CRYPTyE  SEBACE^,  Sebaceous  glands. 

CRYPTE,  Crypta. 

CRYPTOCEPH'ALUS,  from  kowtow,  'con- 
cealed,' and  KcipaXt],  'head.'  A  monster  whose 
head  is  excessively  small,  and  does  not  appear 
externally.— G.  St.  Hilaire. 

CRYPTOCOCCUS,  Fermentum,  Torula  cere- 
visiffi. 

CRYPTODID'YMUS,  Foetus  infcetu.  A  mon- 
strosity, in  which  one  foetus  is  found  contained 
in  another. 

CRYPTO  G'AMOUS,  Cryptogam'ic,  Crypto- 
gam'icus  ;  from  KpvTTTos,  'concealed,'  and  ya/xos, 
'marriage.'  An  epithet  applied  by  botanists  to 
plants  whose  organs  of  fructification  are  concealed 
or  not  manifest.  Ag'amous  plants  are  those  whose 
sexual  organs  are  not  known. 

CRYPTOPY'IC,  CryiJtojiy'icus,  from  k^vt-ui, 
'I  conceal,'  and  ttvov,  'pus.'  A  state  of  disease, 
kept  up  by  an  occult  abscess. 

CRYPTOPYICUS.  Cryptopyie. 

CRYPTORCEIDISMUS,  see  Crypsorchis, 

CRYPTORCHIS,  Crypsorchis. 

CRYPTS  OF  LIEBERKUHN,  see  Intestine 
— e.  Synovial,  Bursa)  mucoste. 

CRYSTAL,  MINERAL,  Potassaj  nitras  fusu« 
sulphatis  paucillo  mixtus. 

CRYSTAL'LI.  Vesicles  filled  with  a  watery 
fluid.  They  are  also  called  crystal' lince.  Pro- 
bably the  pemphigus  of  modern  writers. 

Crystalli  'LvfiJE,  Argenti  nitras. 

CR  YSTALLIN,  Crystalline. 

CRYSTAL'LINA,  from  K^vuraWoi,  'crystal.' 
A  vesicle  or  phlyeta?na,  filled  with  serum,  and 
appearing  on  the  prepuce  or  in  the  vicinit}'  of  the 
anus,  surrounded  by  a  reddish  extravasated  aure- 
ola.    It  may  be  syphilitic  or  not.     See  Crystalli. 

Crystallina  Tuxica,  Arachnoid  membrane. 

CRYS'TALLINE,  Crystal'linus.  Having  the 
appearance  of  crystal. 

Crys'tallixe,  Crys'talline  humour,  C.  Lena, 
Crys'talline  body,  Crystal'linus,  Lens  crystal'lina. 
Lens  crystallo'i'des  vel  Corpus  Crystal' linnm,  0 
DiscoVdes,  C.  Crystallo'i'des,  C.  Phacoi'des,  Hu- 
mor crystal'linus,  IT.  glacia'lis,  Phace,  Phacca 
Pha^HSf  Gemma  Ocxdi,  (F.)  CristaUin  ou  C'-ystal 


CRTSTALLINO-CAPSULITIS 


257 


CUCUMI3 


lin,  TTumeur  crystaUine,  Corps  crystallin,  Lentille 
ery»taUine.  A  lenticular,  transparent  body,  situ- 
ate between  the  vitreous  and  aqueous  humours 
of  the  eye,  at  the  union  of  the  anterior  third  with 
the  two  posterior  thu-ds  of  the  organ.  It  is  com- 
posed of  a  soft  exterior  substance ;  and  an  inte- 
rior, forming  a  solid  nucleus,  in  which  a  number 
of  elliptical  layers  is  perceptible.  It  is  con- 
tained in  a  capsule,  called  Tu'nica  ara'nea  vel 
erystnl'lina,  Cap'sula  lentis,  and  receives,  at  its 
posterior  surface,  a  small  branch  of  the  central 
artery  of  the  retina,  which  is  always  readily  dis- 
tinguishable in  the  foetus,  prior  to  the  seventh 
month  of  utero-gestation. 

The  use  of  the  crystalline  is  to  refract  the  rays 
of  light,  and  to  serve  as  an  achromatic  glass  :  for 
which  its  laminae  or  layers,  increasing  in  refrac- 
tive power  from  the  circumference  to  the  centre, 
admirably  adapt  it. 

CRYSTALLINO-CAPSULITIS.  see  Phacitis. 

CRYSTALLIOjST,  Plantago  psyllium. 

CRYSTALLITIS,  Phacitis. 

ORYS'TALLOID,  CrystalloVdes,  from  xpvuraX- 
Xog,  '  crystal,'  and  ciSos,  '  form,'  '  resemblance.' 
Resembling  crystal  or  the  crystalline.  The  cap- 
sule or  membrane  of  the  crystalline.  Also,  the. 
crystalline  itself. 

CRYSTALLUS  MINERALIS,  Potassse  nitras 
fusus  sulphatis  paueillo  mixtus. 

CRYTHE,  Hordeolum. 

CTEDON,  Fibre. 

CTEIS,  Pubes. 

CTESIPHON'TIS  MALAG'MA.  A  plaster 
employed  and  described  by  Celsus. 

CUBA,  see  Havana. 

CUBAL  SINI,  Piper  cubeba. 

CUBATIO,  Decubitus. 

CUBEBA,  Piper  Cubeba. 

CUBIPORMIS,  Cuboid. 

CUBIT,  Ulna— c.  Top  of  the,  Olecranon. 

CU'BITAL,  Ciibita'lls,  Ulnar,  Ulna'ris.  Con- 
nected with  or  relating  to  the  cubitus,  or  to  the 
inner  and  posterior  part  of  the  forearm. 

Cubital  Arteey,  Arte'ria  cubita'lis,  A.  ulna'- 
ris, arises  from  the  humeral  a  little  below  the 
-bend  of  the  elbow ;  proceeds  along  the  anterior 
and  inner  part  of  the  forearm  ;  passes  anterior  to 
the  ligamentum  annulare  of  the  carpus,  and  goes 
to  form,  in  the  palm  of  the  hand,  the  siTperficial 
palmar  arch.  Besides  the  numerous  muscular 
branches,  which  it  gives  oil  in  its  course,  it  sends 
posteriorly  the  common  trunk  of  the  interosseons 
arteries,  and  internally,  the  two  cnhital  recur- 
rents,  anterior  and  posterior, — articular  branches, 
which  anastomose  on  the  inside  of  the  elbow  with 
the  divisions  of  the  humeral  artery. 

Cubital  Muscles  are  two  in  number.  1.  The 
Oubita'lis  ante'rior,  C.  inter' nus.  Flexor  carpi 
ulna'ris,  Ulna'ris  inter'nus,  Epitrockli-ciibito-car- 
pien,  Gabito-carpicn — (Ch.),  is  along  muscle, 
situate  at  the  anterior  and  inner  part  of  the  fore- 
arm. It  arises  from  the  inner  condyle  of  the  os 
humeri,  at  the  inner  side  of  the  olecranon,  and 
from  the  posterior  edge  of  the  ulna,  and  is  in- 
serted by  a  tendon  into  the  os  pisiforme.  Its 
use  is  to  bend  the  hand  on  the  forearm,  by  di- 
recting it  slightly  inwards.  2.  The  Cubitalis 
poste'rior  seu  exter'nus,  Exten'sor  Garpi  ulna'ris, 
Ulna'ris  exter'nus,  Gubite'us  exter'nus,  Cubito- 
sus-metaearpien — (Ch.),  is  situate  at  the  posterior 
part  of  the  forearm.  It  arises  from  the  external 
condyle  of  the  os  humeri,  and  is  inserted  into  the 
superior  extremity  of  the  fifth  bone  of  the  meta- 
carpus. Its  use  is  to  extend  the  hand,  inclining 
it  a  little  inwards. 

Cubital  I^erve,  Ulnar  nerve,  Cubito-digital — 
(Ch.),  is  furnished  by  the  last  two  or  three  nerves 
of  the  brachial  plexus,  and  is  distributed  to  the 
17 


inner  and  anterior  side  of  the  forearm ;  to  the 
inner  part  of  the  palm  and  of  the  back  of  the 
hand,  and  to  the  last  two  or  three  fingers. 

Cubital  Veins,  deep-seated,  and  the  Recur- 
rent cubital  veins,  accompany  the  corresponding 
arteries.  The  superficial  cubital  veins  belong  to 
the  basilic.  Chaussier  calls  them  cuta'neous  cu- 
bital. 

CUBITALE  (OS),  Cuneiform  bone. 

CUBITALIS  RIOLANI,  see  Anconeus. 

CUBITEUS  EXTERNUS,  see  Cubital  muscles. 

OUBITO-CARPIEN,  see  Cubital  muscles— c. 
Gutane  (nerf),  Cutaneous  nerve  —  c.  Phalanget- 
tien  commun.  Flexor  profundus  perforaus  —  e. 
Radi-sus-metacarpien  du  pouce,  Abductor  longus 
poUicis — c.  Radial,  Pronator  radii  quadratus. 

CUBITO-SUPRAPALMA'RIS.  Belonging 
to  the  cubitus  and  to  the  supra-palmar  or  dorsal 
surface  of  the  hand.  Chaussier  gives  this  name: 
1.  To  a  small  artery,  which  is  given  off  by  the 
cubital  or  ulnar,  a  little  above  the  wrist.  2.  To 
a  vein,  which  accompanies  this  artery. 

GUBITO-SUS-METAGARPIEN,  see  Cubital 
muscles — c.  Sus-metacarpien  du  pouce,  Abductor 
longus  pollicis  —  c.  Stis-Phalangettien  de  I'index, 
Extensor  proprius  indicis  —  c.  Sus-pJialangettien 
du  pouce,  E.  longus  pollicis  —  c.  Sus-pTialangien 
du  pouce,  E.  pollicis  brevis. 

CU'BITUS,  KvliiTov,  Cy'biton.  The  Elboiv. 
Also,  one  of  the  bones  of  the  forearm.  See  Ulna, 
and  Forearm. 

Cubitus,  (F.)  Goud^e,  the  ancient  name  of  a 
measure  18  inches  long. 

Cubitus  Supinus,  see  Decubitus. 

CU'BOID,  Cuboi'des,  Guboi'dens,  Cubo'dos, 
Gubifor'mis,  Cyboi'des,  GyrtoVdes,  Grandino'svm 
Os,  Tes'sara,  Tessera  os,  Os  va'rium,  from  kv^o;, 
'a  cube,'  and  uios,  'form.'  Having  the  form  of 
a  cube.  This  name  was  given,  by  Galen,  to  one 
of  the  bones  of  the  tarsus,  and  is  still  retained. 
It  is  situate  at  the  anterior  and  outer  part  of  the 
tarsus ;  and  is  articulated,  behind,  with  the  cal- 
eaneum ;  be/ore,  with  the  last  two  metatarsal 
bones,  and  loithin,  with  the  third  os  cuneiforme, 
and  sometimes  with  the  scaphoides.  Its  inferior 
surface  has  an  oblique  groove  for  the  tendon  of 
the  peroncus  loiiqus. 

CUCKOO  FLOWER,  Cardamine  pratensis. 

CUCKOW  BREAD,  Oxalis  acetosella. 

CUCKOW  PI^^T.  Arum  maculatum. 

CUCU'BALUS  BBHEN,  Rehen  officina'rum 
seu  vulga'ris,  Sile'ne  injla'ta  seu  crassifo'lia  seu 
Tho'rei,  Visca'go  behen.  This  plant  was  once 
considered  alexipharmic  and  cordial.  It  is  the 
Spatlinq  Poppy. 

CUCtlLLARIS,  Trapezius. 

CUCULA'TUM  MAJU.S.  A  barbarous  term, 
used  by  Ruland,  for  brandy  and  spirit  of  wine. 

CUCULLATA,  Sanicula. 

CUCULLUS,  Gouvrechef,  Cucupha,  Infundi- 
bulum  of  the  cochlea. 

CUCULUS,  Coccyx,  Pertusste. 

CUCUMBER,  Cucumis  sativus — c.  Indian, 
Medeola  Virginica — c.  Squirting  or  wild,  Momor- 
diea  elaterium-^c.  Star,  one-seeded,  Sycios  angu- 
latus — c.  Tree,  Magnolia  acuminata. 

CUCUMER,  Cucumis  sativus. 

CUCUMIS,  Penis  —  c.  Agrestis,  Momordieii 
elaterium. 

Cu'cuMiS  Colocyn'this,  Citrul'lus  Goloeynthis. 
Ofifieinal  names  of  the  Golocynfh  or  Bitter  Appl.i., 
Golocyn'this,  Goloquint'ida,  AUwn'dal  (Arab.), 
Bitter  Gourd,  Bitter  Gucumber,  (F.)  Goloquintf 
Family,  Cucurbitaceffi.  Sex.  Syst.  Monceeia 
Monadelphia.  A  Turkey  and  Cape  of  Good 
Hope  plant.  The  spongy  part  or  medulla  of  th*> 
fruit,  Coloeyn'thidis  Pidpa,  Gucu'meris  Golocyn'- 
thidis  Pulpa,  has  a  bitter,  nauseous,  and  acrimo- 


CUCUPHA 


258 


CUMULUS 


nioa8  taste,  and  is  a  strong  cathartic,  acting 
chiefly  on  the  upper  part  of  the  intestines.  It  is 
eearcely  ever  used,  except  in  combination. 

CucuMis  Melo.  The  sytematic  name  of  the 
Melon  Plant,  Melo,  Common  Melon,  (P.)  Melon. 
The  fruit  is  an  agreeable  article  of  diet,  but  not 
very  digestible,  unless  when  ripe.  The  seeds 
possess  mucilaginous  properties. 

Cdcumis  Sati'vds.  The  systematic  name  of 
the  On' cumber  plant,  C'ucumis,  Angou'rion,  Citre'- 
olu«,  Cu'cumer  or  Car'vimer,  from  its  curved 
shape.  (P.)  Concombre  ordinaire.  The  cucum- 
ber is  used,  when  young,  as  a  pickle,  when  it  is 
called  a  Gherkin,  (F.)  Cornichon.  It  is  not  a  fruit 
easy  of  digestion.     The  seeds  are  mucilaginous. 

Cdcumis  Stlvestris,  Momordica  elaterium. 

CU'CUPHA,  Cu'cullus,  Pi'leus,  Sac'culus  ce- 
phal'icus.  A  sort  of  coif  or  cap,  with  a  double 
bottom,  between  which  is  enclosed  a  mixture  of 
aromatic  powders,  having  cotton  for  an  excipient. 
It  was  formerly  used  as  a  powerful  cephalic. 

CUCUR'BITA,  d  curvitate,  owing  to  its  shape. 
A  gourd.     See  Cupping-glass. 

CucuEEiTA  Anguria,  C.  citrullus. 

Cucur'bita  Citrul'lus,  C  Angu'ria  seu  pin- 
nntif'ida.  The  S3'stematic  name  of  the  Water- 
7!ielon  plant;  Citrul'lus,  Angu'ria,  Tetrantju'ria, 
Sicilian  Citrul,  Water-7nelon.  Family,  Cucurbi- 
taceae ;  Sex.  Sijst.  Monoecia  Monadelphia.  (P.) 
Melon  d'eau,  Pasfeque.  The  juice  of  the  fruit  is 
very  abundant,  whence  its  name.  The  Water- 
ntelon  is  extremely  refreshing  and  agreeable,  when 
made  cool,  and  is  eaten  like  the  common  melon. 
It  is  very  much  used  in  the  United  States. 

CuCDRBiTA  Leucaxtha,  C.  lagenaria. 

Cucur'bita  Pepo,  Pepo.  The  sy.'^tematic  name 
of  the  Common  Pompion,  Cucur'bita.  The  seeds 
of  this  plant,  as  well  as  those  of  Cucur'bita  lage- 
na'riu.  Bottle-gourd,  contain  a  large  proportion 
of  oil,  capable  of  forming  emulsions ;  but  they 
are  not  used. 

Both  the  fruit  of  Cucur'bita  Lagena'ria,  C. 
leucan'tha,  Pepo  lo.gena'rius,  (F.)  Calebasses,  and 
that  of  Cucur'bita  Pepo,  Pepo  vulga'ris,  (P.) 
Potiron,  Courge,  are  eaten. 

Cucurbita  Pinnatipida,  C.  citrullus. 

CUCURBITAIN,  Cucurbitinus. 

CUCURBITATIO,  Cupping. 

CUCURBITE,  see  Alembic. 

CUCURBITI'NUS,  (P.)  Cucurbitain.  This 
name  was  formerly  given  to  the  Tcenia  solium, 
because  composed  of  rings  which  resemble  the 
seeds  of  the  gourd,  —  cucurbita.  The  ancients 
believed,  that  the  rings,  which  are  sometimes 
discharged,  were  so  many  separate  worms.  See 
Tajnia. 

CUCURBITULA,  Cupping-glass. 

CucuRBiTUL^  Cruentjs,  Cupping  with  the  sca- 
rificator— c.  cum  Ferro,  Cupping  with  the  scari- 
lleator — c.  Siccse,  Cupping,  dry. 

CUDWEED.  Gnaphalium  margaritacenm. 

CUILLEREE,^Co<Sh\eMQ. 

'CUIR,  Cerium. 

GUISSART.  A  wooden  leg.  See  Cornu  am- 
monis. 

CUISSE,  Thigh,  Crus  — c.  Posle'rieure  du  cer- 
celct,  Corpus  restiforme. 

CUFSSON,  (F.)     A  smarting,  burning  pain. 

CUIVRE,  Cuprum  —  c.  Ammoniacal,  Cuprum 
aramoniatum  —  c.  et  Ammoniaque  sulfate  dc,  Cu. 
prum  ammoniitum — c.  Limailles  de,  see  Cuprum 
— c.  Sous-acetate  de,  Cupri  subacetas  —  c.  Sulfate 
dc,  Cupri  sulpha*. 

CUIVEEUX,  (P.)  Copper-coloured,  (F.)  Teint 
enivreux.  A  copper-coloured  complexion,  such 
as  is  observed  \\x  cancerous  affections.  Syphi- 
litic ulcers  of  the  throat,  Ac,  are  often  copper- 
ooloured. 


CUJETE,  Crescentia  cujete. 

CULBIC'IO.  A  Latin  word,  employed  by 
old  writers  as  synonymous  with  ardor  urinae  and 
gonorrhoea. 

CULBUTE,  (P.)  'A  tumble  head-over-heels.' 
A  movement  which  the  foetus  has  been  supposed 
to  execute  at  the  end  of  the  7th  month  of  utero- 
gestation ;  and  by  means  of  which,  it  was  pre- 
sumed, the  head  presented  towards  the  orifice  of 
the  uterus ;  a  change  of  situation,  which  is  im- 
practicable in  ordinary  circumstances. 

CULCITA  SALINA,  Halotyle. 

CULEOX,  Anus. 

CU'LEUS.  A  measure  containing  20  barrels, 
or  40  urns,  equal  to  180  gallons.  —  Pliny,  Gor- 
rjBus. 

CULEX,  (F.)  Cousin.  A  genus  of  insects,  un- 
happily too  well  known  in  almost  every  part  of 
the  world,  on  account  of  their  bites,  which  give 
rise  to  painful,  local  inflammation.  The  gnata 
and  musquitoes  belong  to  this  genus. 

CULI  FLOS,  Cardamine  pratensis. 

CULILAWAN,  see  Laurus  culilawan. 

CU'LINARY  ART,  from  culina,  'a  kitchen.' 
Cookery,  Res  culina'ria.  Res  coqua'ria,  Ars  culi- 
na'ria,  A.  coqnina'ria,  Magei'riee.  The  art  of 
preparing  meats  for  the  table.  In  judging  of  the 
dietetic  properties  of  various  kinds  of  aliment, 
the  culinarj'  process  to  which  they  have  been 
subjected  will  always  have  to  be  considered. 
Many  of  the  writers  on  the  culinary  art  have 
been  physicians. 

CULLITLAWAN.  see  Laurus  culilawan. 

CULMIXATIO,  Acme. 

CULTELLAIRE,  (P.)  from  cnltellvs,  a  'little 
knife.'  £e  cautere  cultellaire,  known  also  under 
the  name  Couteau  de  feu,  Eire-knife,  is  used  for 
what  the  French  term  the  Caiith-e  transcurrente. 
(See  Cauterization.)  It  is  shaped  like  a  small 
hatchet. 

CULTELLUS,  Culter,  Knife— c.  Anceps,  Knife, 
double-edged — c.  Uncus,  Knife,  crotchet. 

CULTEPi,  Cultel'lus,  from  colo,  cidtum,  '1  cul- 
tivate.' A  coulter,. a.  knife,  scalpel,  macJice'ra, 
tnachce'rion,  'machcs'ris.  Also,  the  third  lobe  of 
the  liver,  so  called  from  some  fancied  resemblance. 
— Theophilus  Protospatarius. 

Culter  Curvus,  Knife,  crooked — e.  Faleatus, 
Knife,  crooked — c.  Lenticularis,  Knife,  lenticular 
— c.  Rectus,  Knife,  amputation  —  c.  Tonsorius, 
Razor, 

CULTRIV'OROUS,  Cultriv'ortis,  from  culter, 
'a,  knife,'  and  vorare,  'to  devour.'  Individuals, 
who  have  seemed  to  swallow  knives  with  impu- 
nitv,  have  been  so  called ; — Knife-eaters. 

CULUS,  Anus. 

CULVER'S  ROOT,  Leptandra  purpurea. 

CUMAMUS,  Piper  cubeba. 

CUMIN,  Cuminum  cyminum  —  c.  des  Prts, 
Carum. 

CUMI'NUM  CYMI'NUM.  The  syistematio 
name  of  the  Cummin  plant,  Cumi'num  minu'tum 
seu  Roma'mtm,  Cymi'num,  Cumi'num,  Carnoba'- 
dium.  Family,  Umbelliferae.  Sex.  Syst.  Penliin- 
dria  Digynia.  (P.)  Cumin,  Anis  aigre.  The  seeds 
of  cummin,  which  is  a  native  of  Egypt,  have  n, 
warm,  bitterish,  disagreeble  taste.  Vt''ater  extracts 
their  odour,  and  spirit  takes  up  both  odour  and 
taste.  They  are  not  used,  except  in  a  plaster, 
which  bears  their  name.  When  drunk  in  wine, 
the  ancients  believed  they  produced  paleneF.«; 
hence,  Horace  called  cummin  cxsangne ;  and  Ja- 
venal,  pallens. — Dioscoridc.*,  Pliny. 

Ci'MiNUJr  MiNUTUM,  C.  cyminum  —  c.  Nigrum, 
Xigella — c.  Pratense,  Carum — c.  Romanum,  C. 
cyminum. 

CUMMIN.  Cuminum  cyminum. 

CU'MULUS,  'a  heap  or  pUe.'  A  rounded  pro- 


CUNEALIS 


259 


CUPRI 


minenee,  in  the  centre  of  the  proUgerous  disk,  in 
which  there  is  a  small  oj)ake  cavity  that  contains 
the  ovum.     See  Tacke  emhryonnaire. 

Cumulus,  Germinal,  Tache  emhryonnaire — -c. 
Germiuativus,  Tache  emhryonnaire  —  e.  Prolige- 
rus,  Tache  emhryonnaire. 

CUNEA'LIS  SUTU'RA.  The  suture  formed 
between  the  great  and  little  alae  of  the  sphenoid 
bone  and  the  os  frontis. — Blasius. 

CUNEEX  (F.),  Qunea'niis.  Relating  to  the 
cuneiform  bones. 

Articulations  Guneennes ;  —  the  joints  between 
the  cuneiform  bones,  as  well  as  between  them 
and  other  parts. 

Ligaments  Cuneennes; — the  ligaments  which 
hold  the  cuneiform  bones  together. 

CU'NEIFORM,  Cimeifor'mis,  SphenoVdes, 
from  euneus,  'a  wedge,'  and  forma,  'shape.' 
Wedge-shaped.  This  name  has  been  given  to 
several  bones.  1.  To  the  sphenoid.  2.  To  a 
bone  of  the  carpus,  situate  between  the  os  lunare 
and  OS  orbiculare.  It  is,  also,  called  Os  Pyrami- 
da'le,  Os  Triq' uetrum,  and  Os  Ciibita'le.  3.  To 
the  basilary  process  of  the  occipital  bone  :  and, 
4.  To  three  of  the  bones  of  the  tarsus,  which  are 
distinguished,  according  to  situation,  reckoning 
from  within  outwards,  into  first,  second,  and  third, 
— or  internal,  middle,  and  external;  and  accord- 
ing to  size,  reckoning  in  the  same  order,  into 
great,  small,  and  middle-sized.  The  posterior 
surface  of  these  bones  is  united  to  the  anterior 
face  of  the  scaphoides  ;  the  anterior  surface  with 
the  corresponding  metatarsal  bones ;  and,  in  ad- 
dition, the  external  surface  of  the  third  is  articu- 
lated, behind,  with  the  cuboides.  They  are  also 
called  Chalco'idea  or  Chalco'idea  ossic'ula. 

Cuneiform  Cartilages  of  the  Larynx  are 
two  small  cylinders  of  fibro-cartilage,  about  seven 
lines  in  length,  and  enlarged  at  each  extremity. 
By  the  base,  the  cartilage  is  attached  to  the 
middle  of  the  external  surface  of  the  arytenoid ; 
and  its  upper  extremity  forms  a  prominence  on 
the  border  of  the  aryteno-epiglottidean  fold  of 
membrane.     They  are  sometimes  wanting. 

CU':N'E0-CU'B0ID,  Cuneo-cuboidcus.  Belong- 
ing to  the  cuneiform  bones  and  cuboides. 

CuxEO-CuBoiD  Articula'tion  is  formed  by  the 
third  cuneiform  bone  and  cuboides.  It  is  fur- 
nished with  a  synovial  capsule,  and  two  cuneo- 
euboid  ligaments :  — a.  dorsal  and  a.  plantar. 

CU'NEO-SCA'PHOID,  Cuneo-scaphoi' des.  Be- 
longing to  the  cuneiform  bones  and  scaphoid. 

CuNEO-ScAPHOiD  Articula'tion  is  formed  by 
the  posterior  surfaces  of  the  three  ossa  cuneifor- 
mia,  and  the  anterior  surface  of  the  scaphoid.  It 
is  furnished  with  a  synovial  capsule  and  liga- 
ments, some  of  which  are  dorsal,  others  plantar. 

CUNILA,  Satureia  eapitata — c.  Bubula,  Ori- 
ganum. 

Cuni'la  Maria 'na,  Saturei'a  organo'i' des,  Ca- 
lamin'tha  erec'ta  Virginia'na,  Ditt'any,  American 
Dit'tany,  Mountain  Dittany,  Mint-leaved  Ounila, 
Maryland  Cnnila,  Stonemint,  Wild  Basil,  Sweet 
Horsemint,  (F.)  Cunile  d'Amerique,  A  small  in- 
digenous herb,  growing  on  dry,  shady  hills,  from 
New  England  to  Georgia,  and  flowering  in  June 
and  July.  Its  medical  properties  are  dependent 
Upon  essential  oil,  like  the  mints. 

CuNiLA,  Maryland,  Cunila  mariana — e.  Mint- 
leaved,  C.  mariana — e.  Muscula,  Inula  dysente- 
rica  —  c.  Pulegioides,  Hedeoma  pulegioides  —  c. 
Sativa,  Satureia  hortensis. 

CUNILAGO,  Inula  dysenteriea. 

CUNILE  L>'A3IERIQUE,  Cunila  mariana, 

CUNNUS,  Vulva. 

CUP,  Scutel'la,  Catil'lus,  PateVla,  Excip'ula, 
(F.)  Palette,   Poelette,  Poilette,  Yase  d  saigner. 


A  small  vessel  of  a  determinate  size,  for  receiving 
the  blood  during  venesection.  It  generally  con- 
tains about  four  ounces.  A  bleeding  of  two  cups 
is,  consequently,  one  of  eight  ounces. 

CUPIDITAS,  Voluntas  — c.  Desedendi,  Vo- 
luntas desedendi. 

CUPID 0,  Appetite.  Also,  Cupid,  the  god  of 
love,  in  ancient  mythologj' ; — Beus  copiidatio' nis. 

CUPOLA,  see  Infundibulum  of  the  cochlea. 

CUPPED,  see  Corium  phlogisticum. 

CUPPING,  Catacasm'us,  from  (F.)  coiipcr,  'to 
cut;'  or  to  draw  blood  in  vessels  resembling  cups; 
Applica'tio  cucurhita' rum  seu  cucurhitida' mm, 
Cucurbita'tio.  A  species  of  blood-letting,  per- 
formed by  a  scarificator,  and  glass,  called  a  cup- 
ping-glass, Cucurhit'ida,  Cucurb'ita,  Sic'ua,  (F.) 
Ventouse.  The  lancets  are  placed  in  such  a  man- 
ner in  the  scarificator,  that,  when  it  is  applied 
upon  the  affected  part,  the  whole,  are,  by  means 
of  a  spring,  pushed  suddenly  into  it.  After  sca- 
rification, the  cupping-glass,  which  has  been  pre- 
viously exhausted  by  heat,  or  by  an  exhausting 
syringe,  is  applied.  The  pressure  of  the  air 
within  the  glass  being  thus  diminished,  the  ne- 
cessary quantity  of  blood  may  be  drawn.  See 
Bdellometer.  Dry  cupping,  Cucurhit'nlce  siccce, 
is  the  application  of  the  glasses,  without  previous 
scarification.  (F.)  Ventouses  seches.  It  is  used 
to  prevent  the  activity  of  absorption  from  any 
wounded  part;  occasionally,  to  excite  suppura- 
tion in  indolent  abscesses ;  and  to  remove  tho 
pus  when  an  abscess  is  opened.  Cupping,  taken 
without  any  epithet,  means  the  abstraction  of 
blood  by  means  of  the  scarificator  and  cups: — 
(F.)  Ventouses  scarifiees,  (L.)  Cucurbitidm  cru- 
entoB,  C.  cum  Ferro.  The  verb  'to  cup,'  signifies 
to  draw  blood  by  cupping. 

CUP-PLANT,  Silphium  perfoliatum. 

CUPRESSUS,  C.  sempervirens — c.  Arbor  vitae, 
Thuya  occidentalis, 

CupRESs'us  Semperti'rens,  C.  pyramida'lis. 
The  systematic  name  of  the  Cupres'sus,  Cypiaris'- 
sus.  Cypress,  (P,)  Cypres.  The  berries,  leaves, 
and  wood,  have  been  considered  astringent  and 
useful  in  intermittents.  The  whole  plant  abounds 
with  a  bitter,  aromatic,  and  terebinthinate  fluid. 

CUPRI  AMMONIO-SULPHAS,  Cuprum  am- 
moniatum — c.  et  Ammonia3  sulphas.  Cuprum  am- 
moniatum — c.  Diacetas,  C.  subacetas, 

CuPRI  LimATU'rA,  Filings  of  Copper,  ( F, ) 
Limailles  de  Cuivre,  have  been  used  in  hydro- 
phobia. It  has  been  remarked  under  Cujjrum, 
that  they  are  inert. 

CuPBi  RuBiGO,  Cupri  subacetas. 

CuPRi  Subace'tas,  C.  Diace'tas,  jErii'go,  Ver'- 
digris,  Hispait'ieum  vir'ide,  Prasi'num  viride, 
Cupri  Rubi'go,  Crystals  of  Venus,  Vir'ide  JE'ris. 
JEru'ca,  Cal'cithos,  Subac"etate  of  Copper,  (F.) 
Sous-acetate  de  Cuivre,  Vert-de-gris,  Crystaux  de 
Venus,  Verdet.  Impure  subaeetate  of  copper. 
This,  as  usually  met  with,  is  in  masses,  difficult 
to  break;  not  deliquescent;  foliaceous  ;  of  a  fine 
bluish-green  colour,  and  salt  taste.  It  is  tonio, 
emetic,  escharotic,  and  detergent;  but  scarcely 
ever  employed  internally.  Chiefly  used  in  de- 
tergent ointments.  Dose,  as  a  tonic,  under 
J  gr. :  emetic,  from  gr,  j  to  gr.  ij.  Powdered 
verdigris  appears  to  be  the  active  ingredient  in 
Smellome's  Eye-salve,  which  may  be  imitated  by 
rubbing  half  a  drachm  of  finely  powdered  verdi- 
gris with  a  little  oil,  and  then  mixing  it  with  au 
ounce  of  yellow  basilicon. 

An  ointment  composed  of  one  drachm  of  finely 
powdered  verdigris,  with  an  ounce  of  lard  or  sper- 
maceti ointment,  is  used  in  psoriasis,  tetter,  &c. 

CuPHi  Sulphas,  Vitriolum  Cupri,  Viiriolum 
Ven'eris,  V.  Cyp'rium,    V.  Cyp'rinuin,  V.  Caru'- 


CU?RUM 


260. 


CURSUS 


leum,  y.  Roma' num,  Cuprum  VHriola'tinn,  Lapis 
Caru'leus,  Sulphate  of  Copper,  Blue  Stone,  Blue 
Vitriol,  Roman  Vitriol,  Mortooth,  (F.)  Sulfate  de 
Guivre,  is  in  rhomboidal,  rich,  blue,  semi-trans- 
parent, efflorescing  crystals.  The  taste  is  harsh, 
Btyptic,  and  corrosive.  It  is  soluble  in  four  parts 
of  water  at  60°,  and  is  tonic,  emetic,  astringent, 
and  escharotic.  As  a  tonic,  it  has  been  used  in 
epilepsy,  intermittents,  &c.  Dose,  as  a  tonic,  gr. 
J  to  gr.  ij,  in  pUl;  as  an  emetic,  gr.  ij  to  x,  in 
■water.  A  very  weak  solution  is  sometimes  used 
in  ophthalmia  and  in  gleet;  and  it  forms  the 
basis  of  Bates's  Aqua,  camphora'ta,  which  has 
been  recommended,  diluted  with  sixteen  parts  of 
water,  in  the  purulent  ophthalmia  of  children. 

CuPRi  Sulphas  Ammosiacalis,  Cuprum  am- 
moniatum — c.  Vitriolum,  Cupri  sulphas. 

CUPRUM,  Chalcos,  uEs,  Venus  of  the  Alchy- 
mists :  Copper,  Cypj'rium,  Vir'ide  monia'num,  (F.) 
Guivre.  Its  odour  is  peculiar  and  sensible  when 
rubbed  ;  taste  disagreeable  and  metallic  ;  colour 
red-yellow.  S.  g.  7.87;  ductile;  very  malleable; 
less  hard  than  iron ;  easily  oxidized.  In  its  me- 
tallic state,  it  exerts  no  action  on  the  system. 
When  swallowed,  it  undergoes  no  deleterious 
change.  Copper  cannot  be  dissolved  whilst  tin  is 
in  the  mixture,  and  hence  the  utility  of  tinning 
copper  vessels.  Copper  culinary  vessels  are  harm- 
less under  ordinary  cleanliness,  provided  the  sub- 
stances be  not  suffered  to  remain  in  them  till 
cold.     The  salts  of  copper  are  very  deleterious. 

CuPRrir  Ajimonia'tuit,  C.  Ammoniaca'le,  C. 
Ammoni'acum,  C.  ammoni' aco-sulphu'ricnm,  Am- 
vionia'ted  Copper,  Ammoni'acal  Sulphate  of  Cop- 
per, Ammoniure'tum  Cupri,  Sal  anti-epilep' ticua 
of  Weissman,  Sulfas  Citpri  ammoniaca'lis,  S. 
ammoni' acm  cupra'tuB,  Suh-sulfas  Amrno'nio-cu'- 
pricus.  Sulfas  Cupri  et  Ammo'nicB,  Beuto-Sulfas 
Gupri  et  Ammo'nia,  Cupri  Ammo'nio-sulphas, 
Ammo'nia  Cupro-sulphas,  Ammo' nio-sulpJi ate  of 
Copper,  (F.)  Sulfate  de  cuivre  et  d'ammoniaque, 
Caivre  ammoniacal.  { Ouj^ri  Sulph.  ^ss ;  Amnion. 
Garb.  ^vj.  Rub  in  a  glass  mortar  till  efferves- 
cence ceases.  Wrap  the  ammoniated  copper  in 
bibulous  paper,  and  dry  with  a  gentle  heat. 
Keep  in  a  well-stopped  glass  bottle. — Ph.  U.  S.) 
A  crystalline  powder  of  a  rich  violet  colour,  and 
hot,  styptic  taste.  By  exposure  to  air,  it  becomes 
partly  converted  into  carbonate  of  copper.  It  is 
tonic  and  astringent,  and  has  been  chiefly  em- 
ployed in  epilepsy  and  other  obstinate  spasmodic 
diseases.  Dose,  gr.  i  gradually  increased  to  gr. 
iv,  in  pill. 

Cuprum  Viteiolatum,  Cupri  sulphas. 

CU'PULAR,  Cupula'ris,  (F.)  Cupnlaire:  from 
cupula,  'a  small  cup.'   Of  or  belonging  to  a  cupula. 

CuPULAR  Caij'tery,  Cautere  cupidaire,  is  an 
iron  in  the  shape  of  a  cupula,  formerly  used  to 
cauterize  the  skin  of  the  cranium  in  certain  dis- 
eases, as  epilepsy,  chronic  headach,  <tc. 

CURA,  Cura'tio,  Merim'na,  Merim'ne.  At- 
tention to,  or  treatment  or  cure  of,  a  disease. 
Keuehen  defines  Cura,  'medicine,'  and  Curator, 
'  the  physician.'  Curatio,  also,  sometimes  means 
purification ;  as,  Adeps  suilla  curata. — Scribonius 
Largus. 

CuKA  AvE:!fA'cEA.  A  dccoction  of  oats  and 
succory  roots,  in  which  a  little  nitre  and  sugar 
are  di&solved.     Used  as  a  refrigerant. 

CuRA  Dervatita,  Derivation — c.  Fumigatoria, 
Thymiatechny. 

CoKA  Magna.  'Great  cure.'  A  term  em- 
ployed, at  times,  for  a  method  of  treatment  pre- 
terable  to  all  others.  Thus  ptyalism  has,  by 
Qiany,  been  considered  the  "cura  magna'  for 
f  yphilis. 

CuRA  Mebeaxa,  Transfusion  —  c.  Palliativa, 


see  Palliative  —  c.  Radicalis,  see  Palliative  —  e. 
Revulsoria,  see  Derivation. 

CU'Pv-ABLE,  Sanah'iUs,  Aces'toa,  Aees'miue, 
I'ds'imos,  (F.)  Guerissalle.  That  which  is  suscep- 
tible of  cure.  An  epithet  applied  to  both  patients 
and  diseases. 

CURARE,  WouraJi,  Woorara,  Wourari,  Won~ 
raru,  Wurali,  Urari,  Urali,  Ourary,  Voorarn. 
A  very  energetic  vegetable  poison,  employed  by 
the  South  American  Indians  to  poison  their  ar- 
rows. It  is  said  to  be  obtained  from  the  bark  of 
a  species  of  convolvulus,  called  Vejuco  de  Mova- 
cure,  but  is  referred  by  Martins  to  Stryehnos  Gvi- 
anen'sis,  and  by  Dr.  Schomburg  to  S.  toxica'na. 

CURA'TIO,  Ifede'la,  Sana'tio,  A'cesis,  Al- 
thex'is,  Althax'is,  Therapei'a,  I'dsis,  Curation, 
The  aggregate  of  means  employed  for  the  cure 
of  disease.     See  Ther.'^peutics. 

Curatio,  Cura,  Cure  —  c.  Contrariorum  per 
Contraria,  Allopathy  —  c.  Morbi  per  Inediam, 
Limotherapeia. 

CU'RATIVE,  San'ative,  Healing,  AcesopTio'rm, 
Aeesino'sus.  Relating  to  the  cure  of  a  disease. 
CuraJive  Indications  are  those  which  point  out 
the  treatment  to  be  employed.  Curative  Treat- 
ment, that  employed  in  the  cure  of  disease,  in 
opposition  to  preservative  or  prop}iylo.ctic  treat- 
ment. We  say,  also.  Curative  Process,  Curative 
Means,  &c. 

CURATOR  INFIRMORUM,  Injirmier. 

CURCULIO,  Penis. 

CURCUMA  ANGUSTIFOLIA,  see  Arrow- 
root— e.  Aromatica.,  Ksempferia  rotunda. 

Cur'cuma  Longa,  Cur'cuma,  Amo'mvm.  Cnr'- 
cuma,  Borri,  Bor'riherri,  Cober'ri,  (Hindoostan.) 
Crocus  In'dicus,  Terra  Jfer'ita,  Cannac'orus  ra- 
di'ce  cro'ceo ;  Fa.mily,  Amomese ;  Sex.  Syst. 
Monandria  Monogynia;  Mayel'la,  Kua  Kaha, 
Gype'rus  In'dicus,  Kv-cipo;  h'iiKo;  of  Dioscorides 
(?),  Turmeric,  (F.)  Racine  de  Safran,  Safran  des 
Indes,  Souchet  des  Indes.  Turmeric  root  —  the 
rhizoma  of  curcuma  longa — is  brought  from  the 
East  Indies;  but  is  possessed  of  very  little,  if 
any,  medicinal  efficacy.  It  is  one  of  the  ingre- 
dients in  Curry  Powder, 

Curcuma  Zedoaria,  see  Ksempferia  rotunda. — 
c.  Zerumbet,  see  Ksempferia  rotunda. 

CURD,  ALUM,  Coagulum  aluminosum. 

CURDS,  Curds  of  Milk,  (F.)  Caille,  Lait 
caille.     The  coagulated  part  of  milk. 

CURE;  from  cura,  'care.'  Aces'ia,  A'cesis, 
Anes'mus,  Cura'tio,  G.  felix,  Sana'tio,  San'itas, 
(F.)  Guerieon.  A  restoration  to  health;  also,  a 
remedy ;  a  restorative. 

CURE-ALL,  Geum  Virginianum,  CEnothera 
biennis. 

GUREDENT,  Dentiscalpium. 

CURE  BU  RAISIN,  Grape-cure. 

CURE-LANGUE,  (F.)  Lingua-  scalpinm, 
Tongue-scraper.  An  instrument  of  ivory,  tor- 
toise-shell, &c.,  shaped  like  a  knife  or  rasp,  for 
removing  the  mucous  coating  which  covers  the 
to-nsrue  after  sleep,  <fec. 

CURE-OREILLE,  Ear-pick. 

CURETTE,  Scoop. 

CURMI,  Courmi. 

CURRANT,  BLACK,  Ribes  nigrum  — c.  Red, 
Ribes  rubrum. 

CURRANTS,  see  Yitis  Corinthiaca. 

CURRY  or  CURRIE  POWDER.  A  condi- 
ment,  formed  of  various  spices,  and  eaten  with 
rice,  particularly  in  India.  The  following  is  one 
of  the  forms  of  its  preparation :  Sem.  coriand. 
^xviii,  }iip.  nigr.  ^ij,  cnycn.  ^},  rad.  curcvmtr, 
sem.  cumini,  aa  ,^iij,  sem.  f<xnugr.  ^\y:  mix. 

CURSUMA  HyEMORRHOIDALIS  HERBA, 
Ranunculus  fiearia. 


CUKVAMEN 


261 


CUTANEOUS 


GURSUS,  Running — c.  Matricls,  Leucorrhoea 
c.  Menstruus,  Menses. 

CURVAMEX,  Curvature. 
CUBVATEUB  DU  COCCYX,  Curvator  Coc- 
eygis. 

CURVATIO,  Campsis. 

CURVA'TOR  COCCY'GIS,  (E.)  Ourvateur  du 
Coccyx.  Sommering  gives  this  name  to  a  small 
bundle  of  fleshy  fibres,  which  descends  on  the 
middle  of  the  coccys,  uniting  on  each  side  with 
the  ischio-eoccygei  muscles.  It  is  a  part  of  those 
muscles. 

CUR'VATURE,  Curvatu'ra,  Ciirva'men,  Flex- 
u'ra,  Gnamp'sis,  from  cui'DH*, 'crooked;'   Cyrto'- 
ma,  (F.)  Courhure.     The  condition  of  a  line  or 
surface,  which  approximates  more  or  less  to  the 
form  of  an  arc;  as  the  curvatures  of  the  spine, 
duodenum,  stomach,  &c.     Accidental  curvatures 
of  bones   are  the  eifect  of  rickets,  or  Mollities 
ossium.     The  Greeks  called  the  curvature  of  the 
spine,  'v^og,  uKoXio;,  and  Xop^o;,  according  as  the 
deviation  was  backwards,  laterally,  or  forwards. 
CURVE  OF  CARUS,  see  Pelvis. 
CURVED  LIXES,  (F.)  Courbes  Lignea.     Two 
crooked  lines  or  projections  on  the  posterior  sur- 
face of  the  occipital  bone.   They  are  distinguished 
into  superior  and  inferior.     Some  lines  on  the  os 
iunominatum  are  also  so  called. 
CURVIMER,  Cucumis  sativus. 
CUSCO-CIXCHONIA,  Aricina. 
CUSCUTA,  C.  Europtea. 
CuscuTA  Chlorocarpa,  see  C.  Glomerata. 
Cuscu'ta  Epith'ymum,  C.  minor.    The  system- 
atic name  of  the  Dodder  of  Thyme.   Epith' ymum-, 
Epith'ymum  Cuscu'ta  seu  Gre'ticum.     A  parasiti- 
cal plant,  possessed  of    a   strong,   disagreeable 
smell,  and  a  pungent  taste,  very  durable  in  the 
mouth.     It  was  once  used  as  a  cathartic  in  me- 
lancholia. 

CuscuTA  Eueopje'a  seu  major  seu  vulga'ris  seu 
tetran' dra  seu  jiliform'is,  Cuscu'ta,  Epith'ymum 
officina'rum,  was  conceived  to  possess  similar 
properties. 

CuscuTA  FiLiFORMis,  C.  Europasa. 
Cus'cuTA  Glomera'ta,  and  Ccscuta  Chloro- 
carpa, Dodder,  Araer'ican  Dodder,  indigenous 
plants,   are  bitterish,  subastringent,  tonic,    and 
anti-periodic. 

CuscuTA  Major,  C.  Europtea — c.  Minor,  C. 
Epithymum — e.  Tetrandra,  C.  Europasa — c.  Vul- 
garis, C.  Europaea. 

CUSPARIA  BARK,  see  C.  Febrifuge— c.  Bark, 
False,  Brucea  antidysenterica,  and  Strychnos 
nux  vomica. 

Cuspa'ria  Febrif'uga,  Bonplan'dia  trifo- 
lia'ta  seu  angustu'ra,  Angustu'ra,  Galipa'a  fe- 
brifuga.  Order,  Rutaceae.  The  South  American 
tree,  which  furnishes  the  Cuspa'ria  or  Angustura 
Bark,  (F.)  Angusture  vraie.  Quinquina  faux  de 
Virginie.  According  to  Dr.  Hancock,  however, 
the  Angustura  bark  is  derived  from  GalipcE'a 
officinalis,  Sex.  Syst.  Decandria  Monogynia,  Nat. 
drd.  Diosme*  ;  and  this  view  has  been  adopted 
in  the  Pharmacopoeia  of  the  United  States.  Its 
odour  is  peculiar ;  taste  intensely  bitter  and 
slightly  aromatic;  pieces  thin;  externally,  gray 
and  wrinkled ;  internally,  yellowish-fawn  ;  frac- 
ture, short  and  resinous.  It  yields  its  virtues  to 
water  and  to  proof  spirit.  It  is  tonic,  stimulant, 
and  aromatic.  Dose,  gr.  v  to  xx  or  more,  in  powder. 
CUSPIS.  A  spear.  This  name  has  been 
given  to  the  glans  penis.  —  Rolfink.  It  meant, 
also,  a  kind  of  bandage. 

CUSTODIA  VIRGINITATIS,  Hymen, 
OUST  OS,  Vulva. 

CUT,  from  (F.)  couteau,  'a  knife,'  or  from 
West  Gothic,  kota,  'to  cut;'  or  from  kotttu),  '1 
cut.'  CcBsu'ra,  Tome,  Incis'io,  Valnus  simplex, 
Tresis  vulnus  simplex,    Cope,   (F.)   Coupure.     A 


common  expression  for  the  division  or  solution 
of  continuity  made  by  a  sharp  instrument. 

CUTAM'BULUS,  from  cutis,  'skin,'  and  am- 
bulo, '  I  walk.'  '  Walking  in  the  skin.'  An  epithet 
given  to  certain  parasitical  animals,  which  creep 
under  the  skin ;  such  as  the  Guinea-worm ;  and 
to  certain  pains  felt  between  the  skin  and  flesh, 
as  it  were. 

CUTANEAL,  Cutaneous. 

CUTANEO-SOUBCILIEB,  Corrugator  su- 
percilii. 

CUTA'NEOUS,  Cuta'neal,  Cuta'nevs,  (F.)  Cti^ 
tane,  from  cutis,  'the  skin.'    Belonging  to  the  skin. 

Cutaneous  Diseases,  Eniptions,  Epiphy'- 
mata,  are  the  numerous  affections  of  a  morbid 
character  to  which  the  skin  is  liable, — Dermato- 
pathi'a,  Dermato'ses.  s 

Chronic  cutaneous  diseases  may  be  thus  classified: 
Urticaria. 

1.  Exanthematous  ■{  Roseola. 
Erythema. 
Pemphigus. 

2.  Vesicular -!  |^g^;_ 

Eczema. 
Impetigo. 

3.  Pustular ■{  Ecthyma. 

■  (  Scabies.  (?) 

r  Lichen. 

4.  Papular -I   Strophulus. 

(  Prurigo. 
f  Lepra. 

5.  Squamous ■!   Psoriasis. 

(  Pityriasis, 
f  Acne. 
I   Sycosis. 

6.  FoUiculous  ....  -!   Ichthyosis. 
Trichosis. 
Favus. 

Cutaneous  Exhalation  and  Absorption  are 
those  which  take  place  from  the  skin. 

Cutaneous,  Middle  Posterior,  see  Sciatic 
nerve,  lesser. 

Cutaneous  Nerves,  Cutaneal  Nerves,  bo 
called,  of  the  upper  extremity,  are  two  in  num- 
ber. They  are  given  off  from  the  brachial  plexus. 
The  internal  cutaneous,  Cuhito-cutane,  (Ch.,)  de- 
scends along  the  inner  part  of  th'e  arm,  and  di- 
vides above  the  elbow  into  two  branches ;  the 
outermost  of  which  follows  the  outer  edge  of  the 
biceps,  and  spreads  over  the  anterior  and  inner 
part  of  the  forearm ;  and  the  innermost  accom- 
panies the  basilic  vein,  passing  to  the  correspond- 
ing side  of  the  hand  and  little  finger.  The  exter- 
nal cutaneous,  Badio-cutane  (Ch.,)  Mus'cido-Cu- 
ta'neui,  Per'forans  Casse'rii,  passes  outwards, 
perforates  the  coraco-brachialis ;  descends  along 
the  anterior  and  outer  part  of  the  arm ;  passes 
as  far  as  the  middle  fold  of  the  elbow  under  the 
median  cephalic ;  and  descends  along  the  ante- 
rior and  outer  edge  of  the  forearm.  At  some 
distance  above  the  wrist,  it  divides  into  two 
branches ;  an  outer,  which  is  distributed  on  the 
back  of  the  hand,  the  thumb  and  index  finger; 
and  an  inner,  which  descends  on  the  muscles  of 
the  thumb  into  the  palm  of  the  hand,  and  divides 
into  fine  filaments,  which  may  be  traced  to  the 
fingers. 

Cutaneous  nerves.  Middle  cutaneous,  two  in 
number,  are  branches  of  the  crural  or  femoral 
nerve.  They  are  distributed  to  the  integument 
of  the  middle  and  lower  part  of  the  thigh  and  of 
the  knee. 

Nervus  Cutaneus  3finor,  Lesser  internal  cutu 
neous  nerve.  Nerve  of  Wrisberg,  takes  its  origin 
from  the  axillary  plexus,  but  is  more  particu- 
larly connected  with  the  ulnar  nerve.  It  soou 
separates  from  the  ulnar,  running  afterwards  be- 
tween it  and  the  inner  side  of  the  arm.     A  littla 


CUTCH 


262 


CTCLTTS 


/elow  fhe  axilla  it  divides  into  two  branches, 
vrhich  are  distributed  to  the  arm. 

Chaussier  calls  the  cephalic  and  haailic  veins 
Uie  Radial  and  Cubital  Cutaneous. 

CUTCH,  Catechu. 

CUTI,  Catechu. 

CUTICULA,  Epidermis. 

CUTIO,  Oniscus. 

CUTIS,  Pellis,  Pella,  Co'rium,  Derma,  Deris, 
Anthro'pe,  Anthro'pen,  Skin,  (F.)  Peau.  A  dense, 
resisting  membrane,  of  a  flexible  and  extensible 
nature,  which  forms  the  general  envelope  of  the 
body ;  and  is  contisauous  with  the  mucous  mem- 
branes, through  the  different  natural  apertures. 
It  is  generally  considered  to  be  formed  of  three 
distinct  layers  —  the  epidermis,  rete  or  more  pro- 
perly corpus  niucosum,  and  corium.  Some  anato- 
mists, however,  separate  it  into  several  others. 
Its  outer  surface  is  covered  by  a  number  of  small 
eminences,  called  papillae,  which  are  generally 
regarded  as  essentially  nervous  and  vascular. 
The  skin  is  our  medium  of  communication  with 
external  bodies.  It  protects  the  subjacent  parts  ; 
is  the  seat  of  touch,  and  through  it  are  exhaled 
the  watery  parts  of  the  blood,  which  are  not 
needed  in  the  nutrition  of  the  body.  The  state 
of  the  skin,  as  regards  heat  and  dryness,  affords 
useful  information  in  pathological  investiga- 
tions. Its  colour,  too,  requires  attention :  the 
paleness  of  disease  is  as  characteristic  as  the  rosy 
complexion  of  health.  The  colour  of  the  skin 
varies  according  to  the  age,  sex,  &c.  As  a 
general  rule,  it  is  finer  in  the  female  and  child 
than  in  the  male  and  adult.  In  old  age  it  be- 
comes light-coloured,  thin,  and  dry.  It  likewise 
varies  according  to  the  races,  <fec. 

Cutis  Ansbrina,  Horrida  cutis  —  e.  Carnosa, 
Panniculus  earnosus — c.  Extima,  Epidermis^ — c. 
Linguae,  see  Tongue  —  c.  Suilla,  Couenne  —  c. 
Summa,  Epidermis — c.  Tensa  Chronica,  Indura- 
tion of  the  cellular  tissue — c.  Ultima,  Epidermis. 

CUTITIS,  Cytitis,  Erysipelatous  inflammation. 

CUTTING  ON  THE  GRIPE,  see  Lithotomy. 

CUTTLE  FISH,  Sepia. 

CUTTUBUTH,  Cutubvth,  Leiicomo'ria,^  Me- 
lanehol'ia  er.rahund' a.  The  Arabian  physicians 
gave  this  name  to  a  species  of  melancholy,  ac- 
companied with  so  much  agitation,  that  the  pa- 
tients cannot  remain  tranqiiil  for  the  space  of  an 
hour. 

CUURDO  CANELLA,  Laurus  einnamomum. 

CYANODERMIA,  Cyanopathy. 

CYAN'OGEN,  (F.)  Cyanoglne ;  from  Kvavo?, 
'blue,'  and  ytwaia,  'I  generate.'  So  called  from 
its  being  an  ingredient  in  Prussian  blue.  It 
forms,  with  oxygen,  the  cyanic  and  other  acids ; 
with  hydrogen,  the  hydrocyanic  acid. 

CYANOP'ATHY,  Cyanopathi'a,  Ci/ano'sis,  0. 
cardi'aca, Cyanoder'mia,Aeleitro-cardia  (Piorry), 
HcBmato-cyano' sis,  Kyano'sis,  Morbus  cceru'leiis, 
Ccerulo'sis  neonato'rum,  from  Kvavog,  'blue,'  and 
Tra-Sof,  'affection.'  (F.)  Cyanose,  Ilaladie  bleu, 
Jctere  blew.  A  disease  in  which  the  surface  of 
the  body  is  coloured  blue.  It  is  often  symptom- 
atic, and  commonly  depends  on  a  direct  com- 
munication between  the  cavities  of  the  right 
and  left  side  of  the  heart.  Such  communication 
does  not,  however,  always  occasion  the  blue  dis- 
ease, but  it  is  generally  thought  that  the  disease 
never  exists  without  this  state  of  parts ;  or  with- 
out some  obstacle  to  the  eircvilation  in  the  right 
side  of  the  heart.  The  blueness  does  not  seem 
to  be  owing  to  the  admixture  of  black  and  red 
blood.  A  child  affected  with  blueness  is  said  to 
be  cyanosed,  (F.)  Cyanose. 

CYANOSE,  Cyanosis. 

CYANOSE,  see  Cyanosis, 

CYANOSIS,  Cyanopathy— c.  Pulmonalis,  Ate- 
l«ctasif!  pulmonunL 


CYANURETUM  FERRO-ZINCICUM,  Zinci 
ferro-hydrocyanas. 

CYANUS,  Centaurea  cyanus  —  c.  ^gyptiaeus, 
Nymphaea  nelumbo. 

Cy'anus  SEG"ETTJ5r,  Bluebottle,  (F.)  Bluet  des 
Moissons,  Barbeati,  Aubifoin,  Casse  -  Lunettes, 
The  flowers  of  this  European  plant,  when  dis- 
tilled with  water,  have  been  used  in  ophthalmia. 

CYAR,  Kvap.  '  The  eye  of  a  needle,'  '  a  small 
hole.'  The  Meatus  andito'rius  internus.  See 
Auditory  canal,  (internal.) 

CYATHIS'CUS,  diminutive  of  KvaSos,  'a  bowl.' 
The  concave  part  of  a  sound,  made  like  a  small 
spoon,  as  in  the  case  of  the  ear-pick. 

CY'ATHUS,  'a  bowl.'  A  measure,  both  of  the 
liquid  and  dry  kind,  equal  to  about  an  ounce  and 
a  half,  or  to  the  tenth  part  of  a  pint.  According 
to  Pliny  and  Galen,  about  10  drachms. 

Cyathus  Cerebri,  Infundibulum  of  the  brain. 

CYBE,  Head. 

CYBITON,  Cubitus. 

CYBOIDES,  Cuboid. 

CYCAS  CIRCINALIS,  see  Sago— c.  Revoluta, 
see  S.ago. 

CYC'EON,  from  KVKau),  'I  mix  together.'  The 
ancient  name  of  a  medicine  of  the  consistence  of 
pap,  composed  of  wine,  water,  honey,  flour, 
barley  meal,  and  cheese. — Hippocrates. 

CYCLAMEN  EUROP^'UM,  Arthani'ta,  A. 
cyc'lamen,  Cyclom'invs,  Gyssnn'ihemon,  Oysso- 
phyl'lon,  Panis  porci'niis,  Cas'a?num,  Ghyli'ne, 
'  sow-bread.'  Fam,  PrimulaccEe.  Sex.  Syst. 
Pentandria  Monogynia.  (F.)  Pain  du  Porcean. 
The  fresh  root  is  said  to  be  acrid,  bitter,  drastic, 
and  anthelmintic.  Dose,  ^j.  For  external  use, 
see  Arthanita. 

CYCLE,  Cyclus,  from  kvkXo;,  'a  circle.'  A 
period  or  revolution  of  a  certain  number  of  years 
or  days.  The  Methodists  gave  this  name  to  an 
aggregate  of  curative  means,  continued  during 
a  certain  number  of  days.  Nine  was  the  usual 
number. 

Cycle,  HEBDOjr'ADAL  or  Hf.ptal.  A  period  of 
seven  days  or  years,  which,  according  to  some, 
either  in  its  multiple  or  submultiple,  governs  an 
immense  number  of  phenomena  of  animal  life. 

CYCLISCUS,  Cyclismus. 

CYCLIS'MUS.  A  Troch,  Trochis'cns.  The 
name,  as  well  as  Cyclis'cns,  was  also  'given  to  a 
circular  kind  of  rasp.  They  have  the  same  ety- 
mon as  cycle. 

CYCLOCEPH'ALUS,  from  kvk\o;,  'a  circle,' 
and  Kc<pa\v,  '  head.'  A  monster  whose  eyes  are 
in  contact,  or  united  in  one. 

CYCLOPHOR'IA,  from  kvk'Xo;,  'a  circle,' and 
(pepoi,  '  I  bear.'  The  circulation  of  the  blood  or 
other  fluids. 

CYCLO'PIA.  Same  etymon  as  Cyclops.  State 
of  a  monster  that  has  both  eyes  united  into  one. 
Called,  also,  Monops'in  and  Bhinencephal'ia. 

Cyclopia  GET^iSTOi'DES ;  N'at.  Ord.  Logumi- 
nosae.  A  South  African  plant,  the  decoction  and 
infusion  of  which  are  used  as  expectorants  in 
chronic  bronchitis  and  in  phthisis. 

CYCLOPS,  (cdkXuh/',  from  kvkXo^,  'an  orb  or 
circle,'  and  wi//,  'an  eye.'  Monoc'ulus,  3fonops, 
Moriophthal'tnus,  ilonoin'matus,  Unioc'vhis,  Unnn' - 
ulus.  A  monster  having  but  one  eye,  and  that 
placed  in  the  middle  of  the  forehead,  like  the 
fabulous  Cyclops. 

CYCLOTOjVE,  Oyclot'omns,  from  ku/cXos,  'a 
circle,'  and  re/ivctv,  'to  cut.'  An  instrument,  com- 
posed of  a  ring  of  gold  and  a  cutting  blade,  by 
means  of  which  the  hall  of  the  eye  can  be  fixed, 
whilst  the  cornea  is  cut.  It  was  invented  by  a 
surgeon  of  Bordeaux,  named  Gu6rin,  for  extract- 
ing the  cataract.  It  is  not  used. 
J      CYCLUS,  Circulus. 


CTDOXIA 


263 


CYNANCHE 


CYDOiSTIA,  Pyrus  cydonia  —  c.  Maliformis, 
Pyrus  cydonia — c.  Vulgaris,  Pyrus  cydonia. 

CYDONIA'TUM,  Cydona'tum,  Byacydonites. 
A  composition  of  the  Cydonia  mala  or  quinces, 
with  the  addition  of  spices. — Paulus  of  JEgina. 

CYDONIUM  MALUM,  see  Pyrus  cydonia. 

CYE'MA,  Kvn/ia,  from  kvw,  *I  conceive.'  Con- 
ception. Liltewise  the  product  of  conception. 
See  Embryo  and  Foetus. 

CYESIOGNO'MON,  from  kwcth,  'pregnancy,' 
and  yvoiiiwv,  'a  sign,  a  token.'  A  sign  of  pregnancy. 

CYESIOGNO'isiS,  from  Kvvati,  '  pregnancy,' 
and  yvwaii,  *  knowledge.'  Diagnosis  of  pregnancy. 

CYESIOL'OGY,  Cyesiolog"ia,  from  kvijbi;, 
'pregnancy,'  and  Aoyoj,  'a  description.'  The 
doctrine  of  gestation. 

CYESIS,  Conception,  Fecundation,  Pregnancy. 

CYESTEINE,  Kiesteine. 

CYLICH'NE,  Oylichnis.  A  pill-bos  or  earth- 
enware pot,  or  small  cup;  from  KuXif,  'a  cup.'  — 
Galen,  Foesius. 

CYLINDRI,  see  Villous  membranes — e.  Mem- 
branacei  renum,  see  Calix. 

CYL'INDROID,  CylindroV deg,  from  KuXiv^poj, 
*  cylinder,'  and  uio^,  '  form.'  Having  th^  form 
of  a  cylinder.  Chaussier  calls  the  Cornu  Ammo- 
nis.  Protuberance  cylindro'ide. 

CYLINDROIDES,  Teres. 

CYLLOEPUS,  see  Kyllosis. 

CYLLOPODA.  see  Kyllosis. 

CYLLOPODION,  see  Kyllosis. 

CYLLO'SIS,  KvWuKTi^.  Lameness,  mutilation, 
or  vicious  conformation.  —  Hippocrates,  Galen. 
See  Kyllosis. 

CYLLOSMUS;  from  (ci^AXo?,  'crooked.'  A 
malformation  by  defect,  vs  which  the  fissure  and 
eventration  are  lateral,  chiefly  in  the  lower  part 
of  the  abdomen,  the  inferior  extremity  of  the  side 
affected  with  the  fissure  absent,  or  very  little  de- 
veloped.— Vogel. 

CYMATO'DES,  Undo'sus,  from  Kvfia,  'a wave,' 
and  ttiog,  'resemblance.'  The  vacillating,  undu- 
latory  character  of  the  pulse  in  weak  individuals. 

CYMBA,  Vulva. 

CYMBALARIA  ELATIjSTE,  Antirhinum  ela- 
tine — c.  Muralis,  Antirhinum  linaria. 

CYMBALARIS,  Cricoid. 

CYMBIFORME  OS,  Scaphoid  bone. 

CYMBOPOGON  SCHCENANTHUS,  Juncus 
odoratus. 

CYMINUM,  Cuminum  cyminum. 

CYNAN'CHE,  Angi'na,  from  «cuuv,  'a  dog,' 
and  ayxw,  'I  suffocate' (?),  Sore  Throat,  Para- 
cynan'che,  Synan'che,  Prtinel'la,  Squinan'thia, 
Empres'ma  Paristhmi'tig,  Cauma  Parigthmi'tig, 
Igthmi'tis,  Paristhmi'tig,  Inflammatio  Fau'eium, 
'Dog  choak.'  Inflammation  of  the  supradia- 
phragmatic portion  of  the  alimentary  canal,  and 
of  the  lining  membrane  of  the  upper  part  of  the 
air-passages  : — (P.)  Angine,  Esquinancie,  Mai  do 
Gorge,  Synancie,  Squinancie,  Kinancie.  It  com- 
prises the  following  chief  varieties. 

Ctnanche  Epidemica,  Cynanche  maligna — c. 
Externa,  C.  Parotidffia — c.  Faueium,  C.  tonsillaris 
— 0.  Gangrasnosa,  Cynanche  maligna — c.  Laryn- 
gea,  Laryngitis. 

Cynanche  Malig'na,  C.  gangrcBuo'sa,  Angi'na 
ulcero'ga,  Fehris  epidem'iea  cum  Angi'nd,  Em- 
pres'ma Paristhmi'tig  Ilalig'na,  Tonsilla' rum gan- 
grce'na,  Tonsil'lcB  pestilen'tes,  Cynanche  epidem'- 
iea, G.  pur' puro-parotidce' a,  Cynanche  ulcero'ga, 
Epidem' ica  gutturis  lues,  PestHens fan' cium  affec'- 
tns,  Pcedan'chone  {?),  Gangrcena  Tonsilla'rum, 
Ulcus  Syriacum,  Garrotil'lo,  Cnrhun'culns  angi- 
no'sus.  Angina  ulcuaculo'sa,  A.  epidem'iea,  A. 
gangraeno'sa,  A.  malig'na,  A.  fau'eium  malig'na, 
Isthmoty'phus,  Putrid,  Ulcerous  Sore  Throat, 
Gangrenoui  Inflammation  of  the  Pharynx,  (F.) 


Angine  gangrineuae,  A.  Maligne.  It  is  charac- 
terized by  crimson  redness  of  the  mucous  mem- 
brane of  the  fauces  and  tonsils;  ulcerations,  co- 
vered with  mucus,  and  spreading  sloughs,  of  an 
ash  or  whitish  hue ;  the  accompanying  fever  ty- 
phus. It  is  often  epidemic,  and  generally  conta- 
gious; and  is  frequently  found  aeeompanyinfi 
scarlet  fever, — giving  rise  to  the  variety.  Scarla- 
tina maligna.  Cynanche  maligna  has  been  mado 
to  include  both  diphtheritic  and  gangrenous  pha- 
ryngitis.    See  Pharj'ngitis,  diphtheritic. 

The  general  treatment  is  the  same  as  in  typhus; 
and  stimulant  antiseptic  gargles  must  be  used, 
consisting,  for  example,  of  the  decoction  of  baxk 
and  muriatic  acid. 

Cynanche  Maxillaris,  c.  Parotidsea — c.  (Eso- 
phagea,  (Esophagitis. 

Cynanche  Parotid jE'a,  Empres'ma  Paroti'tis, 
Parotitig,  P.  epidem'iea,  P.  erysipelato'sa,  P. 
contagio'sa,  P.  spu'ria,  P.  sero' so-glu' tine  tii'mens, 
Parot'ia,  Parotidi'tis,  Cynan'che  Parotides,  C. 
exter'na.  Angina  maxilla'rig,  Gissa,  Angina  ex- 
terna, Angi'na  parotide' a  exter'na,  Eryihrochce' - 
ras,  Cynan'che  maxilla' ris,  Genyoeynan'che,  Gva- 
thocynan'che,  Inflamma'tio  paro'tidum,  Infla'tio 
paro'tidum,  Catar'rhus  Bellinsula'nus,  Branlca 
(Scotch),  Ifunips,  (F.)  Inflammation  de  la  Paro- 
tide, Oreillons,  Ourles.  The  characteristic  symp- 
toms are  : — a  painful  tumour  of  the  parotid  gland, 
or  of  the  cellular  tissue  surrounding  it,  or  of  both, 
not  of  the  suppurative  kind;  frequently  extend- 
ing to  the  maxillary  gland.  It  is  very  conspicu- 
ous externally,  and  is  often  accompanied  with 
swelling  of  the  testes  in  the  male,  and  of  the 
mamm^  in  the  female ;  the  testes  being  some- 
times absorbed  afterwards.  It  is  generally  epi- 
deiiiic,  and  apparently  contagious.  (?)  The  treat- 
ment is  very  simple;  the  adoption  merely  of  the 
antiphlogistic  plan,  under  which  it  usually  soon 
disappears.  When  inflammation  of  the  mammts 
or  testes  supervenes,  it  must  be  treated  as  if  idio- 
pathic. 

Epidem'ic  Paroti'tis  or  Slumps  is  also  termed 
Paroti'tis  polyvior'pTia,  P.  ep>idem'ica,  P.  spe- 
cif'ica. 

Cynanche  Phaeynge'a,  Empres'ma  Paris- 
thmi'tis  Pharyngea,  Isthmi'tia,  P}:aryngi'tis,  In- 
fla.mma'tio  Pharyn'gig,  Parasynan'che,  AnginoR 
inflammatorifE,  Sp.  iv.  —  (Boerhaave.)  (F.)  An- 
gine Pharyngee,  Catarrhe  pharyngien.  Inflam- 
mation of  the  pharynx. 

This  disease  can  hardly  be  said  to  differ,  in 
pathology  or  treatment,  from  Cynanche  tonsil- 
laris. The  same  may  be  remarked  of  the  Cynan- 
che CEsophage'a,  (Esojihagi'tig. 

Cynanche  Prunella,  C.  Tonsillaris  —  c.  Pur- 
puro-parotidsea,  Cynanche  maligna — c.  Simplex, 
Isthmitis — c.  Stridula,  C.  traehealis. 

Cynanche  Tonsilla'ris,  Emprcama  Paria- 
thmi'tia  Tonsilla'ris,  Synan'che,  Cynan'che  fav- 
cium  Amygdalitis,  Brand,  Branehi,  Hyan'che, 
Tonsilli'tis,  Cynanche  Prunel'la,  Paristh'mio, 
Paristhmi'tig,  Dyspha'gia  inflammato'ria,  Atiti- 
adi'tis.  Angina  inflammato'ria,  A.  cum,  tumo're. 
A.  tonsilla' ris,  A.  Synocha'lis,  A.  Sanguin'ca,  A. 
vera  et  legit'ima,  Inflamma'tio  Tonailla' rum.  An  • 
tiadon' ctia  inflammato' riua,  Inflammatory  Sore 
Throat,  Common  Squinancy,  Squinsy  or  Qui)isy, 
(F.)  Amygdalite,  Inflammation  dea  Amygdalec. 
Angine  tonsillaire,  Pharyngite  tonsillaire,  Esqui- 
nancie, Squinancie,  Catarrhe  guttural,  Angine  gut- 
tnrale  inflammatoire.  The  characteristic  symp- 
toms of  this  affection  are,  swelling  and  floria 
redness  of  the  mucous  membrane  of  the  fauces, 
and  especially  of  the  tonsils  :  painful  and  im- 
peded deglutition,  accompanied  with  inflamma- 
tory fever.  It  is  generally  ascribed  to  coli,  and 
is  one  of  the  most  common  affections  of  cold  auJ 


CYNANCHICA 


264 


CYOTROPHT 


temperate  climates.     It  usua.lly  goes  off  by  reso- 
lution, but  frequently  ends  in  suppuration. 

Common  sore  throat  is  an  affection  of  no  con- 
sequence. It  requires  merely  rest,  and  the  ob- 
servance of  the  antiphlogistic  regimen.  When 
more  violent,  —  in  addition  to  this,  —  bleeding, 
local  or  general,  or  both, — purgatives,  inhalation 
fif  the  steam  of  warm  water ;  acid,  or  emollient 
gargles ;  rubefacients  externally,  or  sinapisms  or 
blisters.  When  suppuration  must  inevitably 
<;ccur,  the  continued  use  of  the  inhaler  must  be 
r.dvised,  and  an  opening  be  made  into  the  abscess 
as  soon  as  pus  shall  have  formed.  If  the  patient 
he  likely  to  be  suffocated  by  the  tumefaction, 
bronchotomy  may  be  necessary. 

Cynanche  Trachea'lis;  the  Cynancke  laryn- 
ge'a  of  some,  Suffoca'tio  atrid'ula,  Angi'na  perni- 
cio'sa,  Asthma  infan'tum,  Cynanche  strid'ula,  Ca- 
tar'rhus  suffocati'vus  Barbaden'sis,  Angina  poly- 
po'sa  sive  memhrana'cea  sive  pulpo'sa,  Empres'- 
tiia  Bronchi' tis,  E.  Bronchlemmi'tis,  Angina  in- 
Jlammato'ria,  A.  suffocato'ria,  A.  atrepito'sa, 
Angina  canina,  A.  exsudato'ria,  Laryngi'tia  et 
Trachei'tis  infan'tilis,  Laryngos'tasis  seu  La- 
ryngo-trachei'tis,  Laryngo-tracheitia  with  diph- 
therit'ic  exuda'tion,  Laryngoc' ace,  Orthopnce' a  cy- 
nan'chica,  Cynanchorthopnoe'a,  Pmdanchone  {?), 
A.  Traehea'lis,  Morbus  Strangulato' rins,  Trachi'- 
tis,  Trachei'tis,  Tracheli'tis,  Diphtheri'tis  traehe- 
a'lis, Expectora'tio  Sol'ida,  Cauma  Bronchi'tis, 
Oroup,  Roup,  Hives,  Choak,  Stuffing,  Rising  of 
the  lights,  (F.)  Angine  laryngee  et  tracheale,  La- 
ryngite  avec  production  de/atisses  membranes,  La- 
ryngite  pseudo-membraneuse.  A  disease  charac- 
terized by  sonorous  and  suffocative  breathing; 
harsh  voice ;  cough,  ringing,  or  like  the  barking 
of  a  dog ;  fever,  highly  inflammatory.  It  is  *pt 
to  be  speedily  attended  with  the  formation  of  a 
false  membrane,  which  lines  the  trachea  beneath 
the  glottis,  and  occasions  violent  dyspnoea  and 
suffocation,  but  is  sometimes  expectorated.  The 
dyspnoea,  as  in  all  other  affections  of  the  air- 
passages,  has  evident  exacerbations.  It  differs 
in  its  character  in  different  situations  ;  being  in- 
finitely more  inflammatory  in  some  places  than 
in  others,  and  hence  the  success  obtained  by  dif- 
ferent modes  of  treatment.  It  chiefly  affects 
children,  and  is  apt  to  recur,  but  the  subsequent 
attacks  are  usually  less  and  less  severe. 

As  a  general  rule,  it  requires  the  most  ac- 
tive treatment;  bleeding  from  the  arm  or  neck, 
so  as  to  induce  paleness ;  leeches  applied  to  the 
ueek,  &o.,  according  to  the  age, — the  warm  bath, 
blisters  to  the  neck  or  chest,  and  purgatives. 
Formidable  as  the  disease  may  be,  if  this  plan  be 
followed  early,  it  will  generally  be  successful. 
Many  specifics  have  been  recommended,  but 
the  search  has  been  idle  and  fruitless.  The 
majority  of  cases  of  what  are  called  croup  are 
not  of  this  inflammatory  cast ;  but  are  more  of  a 
spasmodic  character,  and  have  been  termed  by 
the  French  faux  croups,  and  with  us  are  occa- 
sionally termed  spasmodic  croup.  They  generally 
yield  to  an  emetic  and  the  warm  bath. 

Cynanche  Trachealis  Spasmodica,  Asthma 
acutum,  A.  Thymicum  —  c.  Ulcerosa,  Cynanche 
maligna. 

CYNAN'CHICA.  Medicines  used  in  cases  of 
quinsy  were  formerly  so  called. 

CYANCHORTHOPNCEA,  Cynanche  tra- 
oheali'S. 

CYNAN'CIIUM.  Same  etymon.  A  genus  of 
plants,  Nat.  Ord.  Asclepiadaceae,  of  which  the 
following  are  used  in  medicine. 

Cynanchuji  Argel,  0.  oleajfolium — c.  Ipeca- 
cjanha,  Asclepias  asthmatica. 

Cynanchum  Mojjspei.iacum,  Scam'mony  of 
2font^-Uior,    The  plant  furnishes  a  blackish  kind 


of  gum-resin,  which  is  purgative,  and  but  litU 
used. 

Cynanchum  Ole^fo'liujt,  C.  argel,  Soleno 
stem'ma  argel,  Argel.  An  Egyptian,  Nubian  ana 
Arabian  shrub,  the  leaves  of  which  form  a  por- 
tion of  most  samples  of  Alexandrian  senna. 
They  resemble  senna  in  their  action. 

Cynanchum  Vincetoxicum,  Asclepias  vince- 
toxicum. 

Cynanchum  Vojiito'rium,  Tpecacuan'ha  of  the 
Isle  of  France.  As  its  name  imports,  this  plant 
resembles  ipecacuanha  in  properties.  It  is  emetic, 
in  the  dose  of  from  12  to  24  grains  of  the  powder. 

CYNANTHEMIS,  Anthemis  cotula. 

CYNANTHRO'PIA,  from  kvo^v,  'dog,'  and 
avSpu)TTos,  '  man.'  A  variety  of  melancholia,  in 
which  the  patient  believes  himself  changed  into 
a  dog;  and  imitates  the  voice  and  habits  of  that 
animal. 

CYN'ARA,  C.  Scol'ymus,  Gin'ara  scol'ymvs. 
The  systematic  name  of  the  Ar'tiehoke,  Alcoc'- 
alum,  Articoc'alus,  Artiscoc'cus  IcBvis,  Costus  ni- 
gra, Car'duus  sati'vus  non  spino'sus,  Cinara  hor- 
ten'sls,  Scolymus  sati'vus,  Car'duus  sativus,  Car- 
duus  domest'icus  cap'ite  majo're,  Carduns  al'tilis, 
(F.)  Artichaut.  Family,  Carduaceae.  Sex.  Syst. 
Syngenesia  Polygamia  aequalis.  Indigenous  in 
the  southern  parts  of  Europe.  Much  used  as  an 
agreeable  article  of  diet.  The  juice  of  the  leaves, 
mixed  with  white  wine,  has  been  given  in  dropsies. 

CYN'ICUS,  Cyno'des,  from  /cuuv,  'a  dog.' 
Cynic.  Relating  to,  or  resembling  a  dog.  Cynic 
spasm  is  a  convulsive  contraction  of  the  muscles 
of  one  side  of  the  face, — dragging  the  eye,  cheek, 
mouth,  nose,  &c.,  to  one  side.     See  Canine. 

CYNIPS  QUERCCS  FOLII,  see  Quercus  in- 
fectoria. 

CYNOCOPRUS,  Album  grsecum. 

CYNOCRAMBE,  Mercurialis  perennis. 

CYNOCTONON,  Aconitum. 

CYNOCYTISUS,  Rosa  canina. 

CYNODEC'TOS,  from  kvo>v,  'a  dog,'  and  Sr,Kt, 
'  I  bite.'  One  who  has  been  bitten  by  a  dog. — 
Dioscorides. 

CYNODES,  Cynieus. 

CYNODESMION,  Frsenum  penis. 

CYNODESMUS,  Franum  penis. 

CYNODONTES,  Canine  teeth. 

CYNOGLOS'SUM,  from  kvuiv,  'a  dog,'  and 
yXuKTo-a,  '  a  tongue.'  Cynoglos' sum.  officina'le  seu 
bi'color,  Lingua  Cani'na,  Hound's  tongue,  Cabal- 
la'tion,  (F.)  Langve  de  Chien.  Family,  Boragi- 
nese.  ^a-.  Syst,  Pentandria  Monogynia.  It  is 
aromatic  and  mucilaginous,  and  has  been  sup- 
posed to  be  possessed  of  narcotic  properties. 

CYNOLOPHOI,  Spinous  processes  of  the  ver- 

CYNOLYSSA,  Hydrophobia. 

CYNOMETRA  AGALLOCHUM,  Agallochum. 

CYNOMOIA,  Plautago  psvllium. 

CYNOMO'RIUM  COCCIN'EUM,  from  kvu>v, 
*a  dog,'  and/(u)piov,  'the  penis.'  (F.)  Champignon 
de  jlfalte.  Improperly  called  Fungus  Jlfeliten'sis, 
or  Fungus  of  Malta,  as  it  is  not  a  fungus.  The 
powder  has  been  given  as  an  astringent  in  he- 
morrhage, dysentery,  &c. 

CYNOREXIA,  Boulimia. 

CYNORRHODON,  Rosa  canina. 

CYNOSBATOS,  Rosa  canina. 

CYNOSORCinS,  Orchis  mascula.  ' 

CYNOSPASTUM,  Rosa  canina. 

CYON,  Kvu)v.  The  word  sometimes  signifies 
the  frfcnum  of  the  prepuce;  at  others,  the  penis. 

CYOPIIORTA,  Pregnancy. 

CYOT'ROPIIY,  Cyotroph'ia,  Emhryofrophy, 
Embryotrojih'ia,  from  icwo;,  'embryo,'  and  r^oipciv, 
'  to  nourish.'  Nutrition  of  the  embryo.  Foetal 
nutrition. 


CYPARISSUS 


265 


CYSTIDORRHEXIS 


CYPARISSUS,  Cupressus  sempervireus. 
CYPERUS  ANTIQUORUM,  Lawsonia  iner- 
mis^ — c.  Indicus,  Curcuma  longa. 

Cype'rus  Longds,  G.  Roma'nus,  from  Kvvapo;, 
'  a  round  vessel,'  whicli  its  roots  have  been  said 
to  resemble.  Galangale,  (F.)  Souchet  odorant. 
It  possesses  aromatic  and  bitter  properties,  but  is 
not  used.     See,  also,  Dorstenia  contrayerva. 

Cyperus  Odorus,  Dorstenia  contrayerva  —  c. 
Peruanus,  Dorstenia  contrayerva  —  c.  Romanus, 
C.  longus. 

Cyperus  Rotun'dtjs,  G.  tetras'tachys,  the  Round 
Gj/pe'rus,  (F.)  Souchet  rand.  It  is  a  more  grate- 
fully aromatic  bitter  than  the  G.  longus. 

Cyperus  Tetrastachys,  C.  rotundas. 

CYPHO'MA,  Cyfhos,  Cypho'sis,  Gyrto'ma,  Cyr- 
to'sis,  Opisthocypho'sis,  from  Kv(poi,  'gibbous.' 
Gibbosity  of  the  spine.  See  Vertebral  Column, 
&c.  Gyrtosis  forms  a  genus  in  the  order  Dys- 
thet'ica,  and  class  Hamat'ica  of  Good,  and  is  de- 
fined: 'head  bulky,  especially  anteriorly;  stature 
short  and  incurvated;  flesh  flabby,  tabid,  and 
•wrinkled.'     It  includes  Gretimsm,  and  Rickefs. 

CYPHOSIS,  Gibbositas,  see  Hump,  and  Ky- 
phosis.      ^ 

CYPRES,  Cupressus  sempervireus. 

CYPRESS,  Cupressus  sempervii-ens — c.  Tree, 
Liriodendron. 

CYP'RINUM  O'LEUM,  Oil  of  Gypress;  pre- 
pared of  olive  oil,  cypress  flowers,  calamus,  myrrh, 
cardamom,  inula,  bitumen  of  Judaea,  &c.  It  was 
formerly  employed  in  certain  diseases  of  the 
uterus,  pleurisies,  &c.,  and  was  regarded  to  be 
both  stimulant  and  emollient. 

CYPRIPE'DIUM  ACAU'LE,  Stemless  Ladies' 
Slipper;  Moccasin  Floiccr ;  indigenous;  flowers 
in  May  and  June.  The  roots  are  used  by  steam- 
doctors  in  nervous  diseases,  like  valerian. 

Cypripedium  Calceolus,  C.  Luteum — c.  Fla- 
vescens,  C.  Luteum. 

Cypripe'dium  Lu'teum,  G.  Galee'ohis,  G.  Fla- 
ves'cens,  G.  Pubes'cens,  G.  Parvifio'rum,  Yellow 
ladies'  slipper,  3Ioe'casin  fioicer,  Yellows,  Bleed- 
ing heart,  Atner'ican  vale'rian,  Yellow  umbil,  male 
Mervine,  Noah's  ark,  (F.)  Sabot  de  Venus  jaune. 
An  indigenous  plant,  Nat.  Order,  Orchidaceaj, 
which  is  found  all  over  the  United  States ;  blos- 
soming in  May  and  June.  The  root  is  considered 
to  be  antispasmodic,  and  is  used  in  the  same 
cases  as  valerian. 

Cypripedium  Parviflorum,  C.  Luteum  —  e. 
Pubescens,  C.  Luteum. 

Cypripedium  Spectab'ile,  Showy  ladies'  slip- 
per, is  the  most  beautiful  of  the  genus. 
■      CYPRIUM,  Cuprum. 

CYPSELE,  Cerumen. 

CYRCEON,  Anus. 

CYRTOIDES,  Cuboid. 

CYRTOMA,  Curvature,  Cyphoma. 

CYRTONOSOS,  Rachitis. 

CYSSANTHEMON,  Cyclamen. 

CYSSARUS,  Anus,  Rectum. 

CYSSOPHYLLON,  Cyclamen. 

CYS'SOTIS,  from  Kvaos,  'the  anus.'  The  lower 
part  of  the  rectum  :  tenesmus. 

CYST,  Kyst. 

CYSTAL'GIA,  Gystidal'gia,  from  Kvcrng,  'the 
bladder,'  and  a\yos,  '  pain.'    Pain  in  the  bladder. 

CYSTANENCEPHA'LIA,  from/cuirnf,  'a  blad- 
der,' and  anence.^jlia'lia,  'absence  of  brain.'  A 
monstrosity,  in  which,  in  place  of  a  brain,  a 
bladder  is  found  filled  with  fluid. — G.  St.  Hilaire. 

CYSTAUCHENOTOM'IA,  Cys^ofracAefofom'ta, 
Cystidotraehelotom'ia,  from  Kvarts,  'a  bladder,' 
av^iv,  'the  neck,'  and  ro/;j;,  'incision.'  An  inci- 
sion into  the  neck  of  the  bladder.  See  Lithotomy. 

CYSTAUX'E,  Hypertroph'ia  vesi'ccB  urina'ricB, 
Callos'itas  vesi'ccBj  from  kvctis,    'bladder,'  and 


ai)|i;,  'increase.'  Hypertrophy  of  the  coats  of 
the  urinary  bladder. — Fuchs.  See  Cysthypersar- 
cosis. 

CYSTECTASY,  Litheetasy. 
CYSTENCEPH'ALUS,  from  Kriar,;,  'bladder,' 
and  K£(pu'Xn,  '  head.'     A  monster  having  a  head 
with  a  vesicular  brain. — G.  St.  Hilaii-e. 

CYSTEOL'ITHOS,  from  kvgtis,  'the  bladder,' 
and  Xido;,  '  a  stone.'  Stone  in  the  bladder.  Also, 
a  medicine,  employed  to  dissolve  or  break  stone. 

CYSTERETHIS'MUS,  Vesi'cce  Irritabil'iias  ; 
horn.  KvcTig,  'the  bladder,'  and  epefli^u,  'I  irritate.' 
Irritability  of  the  bladder. 

CYSTHEPAT'ICUS,  frora kvcti?,  'the  bladder,' 
and  'i?7rap,  '  the  liver.'  Belonging  to  the  gaU- 
bladder  and  liver.  This  name  was  given,  for- 
merly, to  imaginary  excretory  duets  for  the  bile, 
which  were  supposed  to  pass  directly  from  tfce 
liver  to  the  gall-bladder. 

CYSTHEPATOLITHI'ASIS, C^s<;(^epaio?^/t(' . 
asis,  Gholelith'ia,  Gholelithi'asis,  from  kvctis,  'the 
bladder,'  'v^^ap,  'the  Uver,'  and  XiSiaats,  'pain 
caused  by  a  calculus.'  The  aggregate  of  pheno 
mena  caused  by  the  presence  of  biliary  calculi. 
See  Calculi,  biliary. 

CYSTHITIS,  Kysthitis. 

CYSTHUS,  Anus. 

CYSTHYPERSARCO'SIS,  from  Kv<TTig,  'blad- 
der,' 'virep,  'over,'  and  trap kuo-jj,  'a  fleshy  growth;' 
Excrescen'tia  Vesica  urina'ria.  A  fleshy  thick- 
ening of  the  coats  of  the  bladder. 

CYSTIC,  Gys'ticus,  from  kvctis,  'a  bladder.' 
Belonging  to  the  gall-bladder. 

Cystic  Artery,  Arte'ria  Gys'tica,  is  given  off 
from  the  right  branch  of  the  hepatic,  and  divides 
into  two  branches,  which  proceed  to  the  gall- 
bladder. It  is  accompanied  by  two  cystic  veins, 
which  open  into  the  vena  porta  abdominalis. 

Cystic  Bile.  BUe  contained  in  the  gall- 
bladder. 

Cystic  Calculi.  Calculi  formed  in  the  gall- 
bladder. 

Cystic  Duct,  Ductus  cys'ticus,  Mea'txis  cys'ti- 
cus.  The  duct  proceeding  from  the  gall-bladder, 
which,  by  its  union  with  the  hepatic,  forms  the 
ductus  communis  choledochus. 

Cystic  Oxide  Calculi,  see  Calculi. 

Cystic  Sarco'ma,  of  Ab'ernbthy,  Empjhy'ma 
Sarcoma  cellulo' sum.  Tumour,  cellulose  or  cys- 
tose;  cells  oval,  currant-sized  or  grape-sized,  con- 
taining serous  fluid;  sometimes  caseous.  Found 
in  the  thyroid  gland  (forming  bronchocele,)  testis, 
ovarium,  <fec. 

CY'^S'TICA,  Gystic  Remedies.  Such  medicines 
as  were  formerly  believed  proper  for  combating 
diseases  of  the  bladder. 

CYSTICER'CUS,  from /cuanj,  'a  bladder,'  and 
KtpKog,  '  a  tail.'  A  genus  of  entozoa  of  the  family 
of  the  hydatids,  distinguished  by  the  caudal 
vesicle  in  which  the  cylindrical  or  slightly  de- 
pressed body  of  the  animal  terminates.  The  Gys- 
ticer'ciis  celhdo'scB  seu  cellulo'sa,  Hy'datis  Jinna, 
has  been  often  found  in  the  cellular  membrane. 

CYSTIDALGIA,  Cystalgia. 

CYSTIDELCO'SIS,  from  Kvcns,  'bladder,'  and 
'eXKwaig,  'ulceration.'  Suppuration  or  ulceration 
of  the  urinary  bladder. 

CYSTIDEPATICUS.  Hepatocystic. 

_CYSTIDEPATOLITHIASIS,CysthepatoIithi.^ 
asis. 

CYSTIDOBLENNORRH(EA,  Cystirrhcea. 

CYSTIDOCATARRHUS,  Cystirrhcea. 

CYSTIDOCELE,  Cystocele. 

CYSTIDOPLEGIA,  Cystoparalysis. 

CYSTIDORRHAGIA,  Cystorrhagia. 

CYSTIDORRHEXIS  Cystorrhexis. 


CTSTIDOBRHCEA 


266 


CTSTOSARCOMA 


CY3TID0RRH(EA,  Cystirrhoea. 

CYSTIDOSOMATOTOMIA,  Cystosomatoto- 
niia. 

CYSTIDOSPASMUS,  see  Cystospastic. 

CYSTIDOSTENOCHORIA,  Stricture  of  the 
urinary  bla,dder. 

CYSTIDOTOMIA,  Cystotomia. 

CYSTIDOTRACHBLOTOMIA,  Cystaucheno- 
tomia. 

CYSTINURIA,  Urine,  cystinic. 

CYSTINX,  Vesicnia. 

CYSTIPHLOGIA,  Cystitis. 

CYSTIRRHAG"IA,  from  Kvan;,  'the  blarlder,' 
Rnd  prjyvvio,  '  I  break  fortii.'  Hemorrlictf^e  from  the 
bladder,  {¥.)  Hemorrhagie  de  la  Vessie.  By  some 
used  synonymously  with  cystirrhoea. 

CYSTIRRHEUMA,  Cystorrheuma. 

CYSTIRRHCE'A,  from  Kvartg,  'the  bladder,' 
and  oeio,  '  I  flow.'  Paru'ria  Stillati"tia  ilueo'sa, 
Blennu'ria,  Blennorrhce' a  urina'lis,  B.  vesi'cce, 
Ci/sto-hlennorrhce'a,  Cystorrhi^e'a,  Cystido-hlennor- 
rhoe'a,  Isehii'ria,  Ci/sto-phlegmnt'ica,  Tenes'miis 
Vesi'ccB  Muco'sus,  Uri'na  muco'sa,  Cystocatar'- 
rhus,  Cystido-catar'rhus,  Cystidorrhce'n,  Urocysto- 
catar'rhus,  Dysu'ria  Muco'sa,  Pyu'ria  Mucosa, 
P.  via'cida,  P.sero'sa,  Morbus  cystophlegmat'icus, 
Catar'rhua  vesi'ccB,  (F.)  Cystite  mti.queuse,  Flux 
muqueux  de  la  vessie,  Catarrhe  vesical,  A  copious 
discharge  of  mucus  from  the  bladder,  passing  out 
with  the  urine,  and  generally  attended  with  dysu- 
ria.  It  is  commonly  dependent  upon  an  inflam- 
matory or  subinflammatory  condition  of  the  lining 
membrane.  The  treatment  must  be  regulated  by 
the  cause.  If  it  be  not  produced  by  an  extrane- 
ous body :  the  antiplogistic  plan, — the  exhibition 
of  warm  diluents,  and  keeping  the  surface  in  a 
perspirable  state,  by  wearing  flannel,  are  indi- 
cated. Some  of  the  turpentines  may,  at  times, 
be  given  with  advantage;  and  astringent  or  other 
appropriate  injections  be  thrown  into  the  bladder. 

CYSTIS,  Follicle,  Urinary  bladder— c.  Cho- 
ledochus.  Gall-bladder — c.  Fellea,  Gall-bladder 
c.  Serosa,  Hygroma. 

CYSTITE,  Cystitis— c.  Muqueuse,  Cystitis. 

CYSTI'TIS,  from  Kvan?,  'the  bladder.'  In- 
Jlamma'tio  Vesi'ccB,  Empres'ma  Cysti'tis,  Cysti'tia 
ti'rica,  Uro-cysti'tia,  CyatipMo'gia,  Cystophlo'gia, 
r»flammmation  of  the  bladder,  (F.)  Cystite,  In- 
flnmmatioii  de  la  vessie ;  characterized  by  pain 
and  swelling  in  the  hypogastric  region ;  discharge 
of  urine  painful  or  obstructed,  and  tenesmus.  It 
may  affect  one  or  all  of  the  membranes;  but  com- 
monly it  is  confined  to  the  mucous  coat.  In  the 
chronic  condition,  it  appears  in  the  form  of  cys- 
tirrhoea. It  must  be  treated  upon  the  same  en- 
ergetic principles  as  are  required  in  other  cases 
of  internal  inflammation.  Venesection,  general 
and  local,  the  warm  bath,  warm  fomentations, 
warm,  soothing  enemata,  diluents,  &e.  Cantha- 
rides  must  be  avoided,  even  in  the  way  of  blis- 
ters, unless  with  precautions,  as  the  disease  is 
often  occasioned  by  them. 

Cystitis  Fellea,  Cholecystitis — c.  Urica,  Cys- 
titis. 

CYSTITOME,  Cystit'omus,  Kibia'titome,  from 
kkjtti;,  'the  bladder,'  and  rtftvuv,  'to  cut.'  An 
instrument,  invented  by  Lafaye,  for  dividing  the 
anterior  part  of  the  capsule  of  the  crystalline  in 
tho  operation  for  extracting  cataract.  It  was 
formed  like  the  Pharynqotome. 

CYSTOBLAST,  Cvtoblast. 

CYSTO-BLENNORRH(EA,  Cystirrhcea. 

CYSTO-BUBONOCE'LE,  from  kxi^tk;,  'the 
bladder,'  ^ov(iov,  'the  groin,'  and  ktjXjj,  'a  tu- 
mour.' Hernia  of  the  bladder  through  the  abdo- 
minal ring. 

CYSTO-CATARRHUS,  Cystirrhoea. 

OYSTOCB'LE,  Cystoce'lia,  Ciatoce'le,  Cifstido- 


ce'le,  from  kvotis,  'the  bladder,'  and  Kti^ij,  'a  tu- 
mour,' Her'nia  veai'ccB  iirina'ria.  Hernia  of  the 
bladder,  (F.)  Hernie  de  la  Vessie.  It  is  not  com- 
mon. It  occurs,  most  frequently,  at  the  abdomi- 
nal ring;  less  so  at  the  crural  arch,  perlnaum, 
vagina,  and  foramen  thyroideum.  It  may  exist 
alone,  or  be  accompanied  by  a  sac,  containing 
some  abdominal  viscus.  The  tumour  is  soft  and 
fluctuating;  disappears  on  pressure,  and  increases 
in  size,  when  the  urine  is  retained.  It  must  be 
reduced  and  kept  in  position  by  a  truss.  Vagi- 
nal cystocele  is  kept  in  place  by  a  pessary. 

Cystocele  Biliosa,  Turgescentia  vesicula 
fellea;. 

CYSTODYN'IA,  from  Kvam,  'the  bladder,' 
and  oSvvri,  'pain.'  Pain  of  the  bladder;  particu- 
larly rheumatic  pain. 

CYSTOID,  Cyato'i'deus,  Cyst-like,  from  Kv<rTi;. 
'  a  bladder  or  cyst,'  and  u&os,  '  resemblance. 
That  which  resembles  a  cyst,  as  '  cystoid  tumour. 

CYSTO-LITHIASIS,  see  Calculi,  vesical. 

CYSTO-LITH'IC,  Cyatolith'icus,  from  kvotis, 
'the  bladder,'  and  \i5os,  'a  stone.'  Pi,elating  to 
stone  in  the  bladder. 

CYSTOMA,  see  Kyst. 

CYSTO-MEROCE'LE,  from  Kvang,  '  the  blad- 
der,' jizpog,  'the  thigh,'  and  K-qXri,  'hernia.'  Fe- 
moral hernia,  formed  by  the  bladder  protruding 
beneath  the  crural  arch. 

CYSTON'CUS,  from  Kmrt?,  'the  bladder,'  and 
oyKog,  '  tumour.'     Swelling  of  the  bladder. 

CYSTOPARAL'YSIS,  Cystidoparal'ysia,  Cys- 
tidople'gia,  Cyatople'gia,  Cystoplex'ia,  from  Kva- 
Tig,  'bladder,'  and  ■aapa'Xving,  'palsy.'  Paralysis 
of  the  urinary  bladder.     See  Enuresis. 

CYSTO-PHLEGMAT'IC,  Cystophlegmo.t'icua, 
from  /cuo-rif,  'the  bladder,'  and  ip\cyna,  'mucus, 
phlegm.'  Belonging  to  the  vesical  mucus.  Mor- 
bus cijstopJilegmat'icua.     Cystirrhoea. 

CYSTOPHLOGIA,  Cystitis. 

CYSTOPHTHI'SIS,  Phthisis  vesiea'lia,  from 
Kvari;,  'the  bladder,'  and  ^diui,  'I  consume.' 
Consumption  from  ulceration  of  the  bladder, — • 
Ul'ceru  sen  Helco'sis  vesi'ccB. 

CYSTOPLAS'TIC,  Cystoplas'tieus:  from  kvoti^, 
'  the  bladder,'  and  TrXaco-u),  '  I  form.'  An  epithet 
for  operations  for  the  cure  of  fistulous  openings 
into  the  bladder;  sometimes  restricted  to  the  euro 
by  translation  of  skin  from  a  neighbouring  part, 
'  CYSTOPLEGIA,  Cystoparalysis. 

CYSTOPLEG"IC,  Oystopleg"icua.  Belonging 
to  paralysis  of  the  bladder;  from  kvctis,  'the 
bladder,'  and  irXtjaau),  'I  strike.' 

CYSTOPLEX'IA,  Cystoparalysis. 

CYSTOPTO'SIS,  from  kvcti;,  'the  bladder,' 
and  TriTTTeiv,  '  to  fall.'  Relaxation  of  the  inner 
membrane  of  the  bladder,  which  projects  into  the 
canal  of  the  urethra. 

CYSTOPY'IC,  Cystopy'icvs,  from  Kvarii,  'the 
bladder,'  and  wov,  'pus.'  Relating  to  suppura- 
tion of  the  bladder. 

CYSTORRHAG"IA,  Hcematu'ria  cyst'iea,  Hcp- 
morrhag"ia  veai'ccB,  Strangu'ria  ernen'tn,  Sau'- 
guinia  fluor  vesi'ccB,  from  (cixjrij,  'the  bladder,' 
and  payri,  'rupture.'  A  discharge  of  blood  from 
the  vessels  of  the  urinary  bladder. 

CYSTORRHEU'MA,  Cyatirrheu'ma,  Rheuma- 
tis'mva  vesi'ccB  urina'ricB ;  from  kvcitis,  'the  blad- 
der,' and  pcx'ixa,  'defluxion,'  rheumatism.'  Rheu- 
matism of  the  bladder. 

CYSTORRHEX'IS,  Cystidorrhtx'is ;  from /c«<t- 
TI5,  '  bladder,'  and  'prints,  '  rupture.'  Rupture  of 
the  urinarv  bladder. 

CYSTORRHGEA,  Cystirrhoea. 

CYSTOSARCO'MA,  from  kvotis,  'a  bladder  or 
cyst,'  and  sarcoma.  A  tumour  consisting  of  a 
combination  of  cysts  and  cystoids,  so  called  by 
J.  Miiller. 


CYSTOSOMATOMIA 


267 


DACRYOP(EUS 


CYSTOSOMATOM'IA,Cj/stosomatotom'ia,C!js- 
tidoaomatotom'ia,  from  Kuorif,  'the  bladder,'  ctofia, 
'body,'  and  ro^r/,  'incision.'  An  incision  into 
the  body  of  the  bladder. 

CYSTOSPASMUS,  see  Cystospastic. 

CYSTOSPAS'TIC,  Gtjstospas'ticus,  from  kvcti?, 

'  the  bladder,'  and  o-ttoci),  '  I  contract.'     Relating 

^       to  spasm  of  the  bladder,  and  particularly  of  its 

sphincter; — Cijstidospas'mus,    Spasmus    Vesi'ccB, 

fscJiu'n'a  sjiasmod'ica,  (F.)  Spasme  de  la  Vcssie. 

CYSTOSTENOCHO'RIA,  Gystidostenocho'ria, 
Strictii'ra  vesi'cm,  Vesi'ca  sacca'ta.  A  stricture, 
narrowness,  inequality  or  saccated  condition  of 
the  urinary  bladder. 

GYSTOTHROM'BOID,C3/.s«o«7i?-om?.o-i'rfe.s,from 
Kvarts,  'the  bladder,'  and  SpoiJ.,3os,  'a  clot.'  Relat- 
ing to  the  presence  of  clots  in  the  bladder. 

CYSTOTOME,  Cystot'omm,  from  kvctis,  'the 
!  ladder,'  and  Tmvtiv,  'to  cut.'  An  instrument 
intended  for  cutting  the  bladder.  Instruments 
of  this  kind  have  been  more  frequently,  although 
very  improperly,  called  Lithotomes. 

CYSTOTOM'IA,  Cystidotom'ia,  same  etymon. 
Incision  of  the  bladder.  Sectio  vesica'lis.  Cys- 
totomia  means  cutting  into  the  bladder  for  any 
purpose;  (¥.)  Incision  de  la  vessie.  Commonly, 
it  is  applied  to  the  puncturing  of  the  bladder  for 
the  purpose  of  removing  the  urine  ;  whilst  Litho- 
tomy has  been  employed  for  the  incisions  made 
with  the  view  of  extracting  calculi  from  the 
bladder.     See  Lithotomy. 

CYSTOTRACHELOTOMIA,  Cystauchenoto- 
mia.     See  Lithotomy. 

CYT'INUS,  Cytinus  ffypocist'is,  Jlypoafst'is, 
As'arwin  Hypocist'is.  A  small  parasitical  plant, 
which  grows  in  the  south  of  France  and  in  Greece, 
on  the  roots  of  the  woody  cistus.  The  juice  of  its 
fruit  is  acid,  and  very  astringent.  It  is  extracted 
by  expression,  and  converted  into  an  extract,  which 
was  called  Succus  Hypocis'tidis,  and  was  formerly 
much  used  in  hemorrhages,  diarrhoea,  <4;c. 


CYTISFNA,  Oytisine.  An  immediate  vege- 
table principle,  discovered  by  Chevalier  and 
Lassaigne,  in  the  seeds  of  Cystisns  Lahur'num  or 
Bean-Trefoil  tree.  Family,  Leguminosaj.  Sex, 
Syst.  Diadelphia  Decandria.  Cytisine  has  ana- 
logous properties  to  emetine.  In  the  dose  of  one 
or  two  grains,  it  produces  vomiting  and  purging; 
and,  in  a  stronger  dose,  acts  as  an  acrid  poison. 
The  seeds  of  the  Cytisns  Lahurnum,  (F.)  Auhours, 
have  been  long  known  to  produce  vomiting  and 
purging. 

CYTISMA  ECZEMA,  Eczema— c.  Herpes, 
Herpes. 

CYTISO-GENISTA,  Spartium  scoparium. 

CYTISUS  LABURNUM,  see  Cytisina— c. 
Scoparius,  Spartium  scoparium. 

CYTI'TIS,  Scyti'tis,  Dermati'tis,  Dermi'tis, 
Cuti'tis,  Corii'tis,  from  Kvrig,  'the  skin,'  and 
itis,  '  denoting  inflammation.'  Inflammation  of 
the  skin. 

CY'TOBLAST,  Cystoblast,  from  Kvrog,  'cell,' 
and  pXaaros,  'germ.'  Cell-germ,  Nii'cleiis,  (F.) 
Noyau.  A  primary  grannie,  from  which  all  ani- 
mal and  vegetable  bodies  are  presumed  to  be 
formed.  When  the  nucleus  or  cytoblast  forms  a 
cell,  and  is  attached  to  its  walls,  the  germinal 
cell,  thus  formed,  is  called  a  nucleated  celL 
When  the  nucleus  contains  a  simple  granule,  the 
latter  is  termed  a  nucleolus,  (F.)  Nucleole,  Nxi- 
cleohde. 

CYTOBLASTE'MA  ;  same  etymon.  Intercel'- 
lular  suhstance,  Hy'aline  substance,  Suhstan'tia 
vit'rea  seu  hyal'ina.  Matrix.  The  gum  or  mucus 
in  the  vegetable,  and  probably  the  liquor  san- 
guinis after  transudation  from  the  vessels  in  the 
animal,  in  a  state  fully  prepared  for  the  formation 
of  the  tissues.  —  Schwann  and  Schleiden.  By 
many.  Blastema  is  preferred,  inasmuch  as  it  does 
not  convey  the  idea  of  cellular  development. 

CYTTAROS,  Glans. 


D. 


The  figure  of  the  Greek  A,  according  to  Galen, 
was  the  sign  for  quartan  fever. 

DABACH,  Viscum  album. 

DACNE'RON,  ^aKvripov,  from  6aKvtiv,  '  to  bite.' 
An  ancient  name  for  a  collyrium,  composed  of 
oxide  of  copper,  pepper,  cadmia,  myrrh,  safiron, 
gum  Arabic,  and  opium. 

DACRY,  Dac'ryma,  Dac'ryon,  inKpv,  SaKpviia, 
oaKovov,  'a  tear:'  Hence: 

DACRYADENA L 'GIA,  Baeryoadenal'gia, 
from  &aKpviD,  '  I  weep,'  a6'iv,  '  a  gland,'  and  a\yng, 
'  pain.'     Disease  or  pain  in  the  lachrymal  gland. 

DACRYADENI'TIS,  Dacryoadeni'tis  :  from 
iaK^va,  'I  weep,'  a&r]v,  'a  gland,'  and  itis.  In- 
flammation of  the  lachrymal  gland. 

DACRYALLCEO'SIS,  from  baK^v,  'a  tear,'  and 
aXXotwcrtf,  'change.'  A  morbid  condition  of  the 
tears. 

DACRYDION,  Convolvulus  scammonia. 

DACRYGELO'SIS,  from  baKpvu),  'I  weep,'  and 
yiXaw,  '  I  laugh.'  A  kind  of  insanity,  in  which 
the  patient  weeps  and  laughs  at  the  same  time. 

DACRYH^MOR'RHYSIS :  from  SaKpv,  'a 
tear,'  and  'aiixoppvais,  'hemorrhage.'  A  flow  of 
bloody  tears. 

DACRYNOMA,  Epiphora. 

DACRYO  ADENALGIA,  Dacryadenalgia. 

DACRYOADENITIS,  Dacryadenitis. 

DACRYOBLENNORRHCE'A,  from  SaKpv(o,  'I 
weep,'  pXcvva,  'mucus,'  and  p£«),  'I  flow.'  Dis- 
charge of  tears  mixed  with  mucus. 


DACRYOCYSTAL'GIA,  from  iaKovta,  'I  weep,' 
KvcTTis,  'a  sac,'  and  aXyog,  'pain.'  Disease  or  pain 
in  the  lachrymal  sac. 

DACRYOCYSTIS,  Lachrymal  sac. 

DACRYOCYSTI'TIS,  from  S^Kpvov,  'a  tear,' 
and  Kvaris,  'bladder.'  Inflammation  of  the  lach- 
rymal sac. 

D  ACRYOCYSTOSYRINGOKATAKLEI'SIS ; 
from  dacryocystis,  the  'lachrymal  sac,'  cvpiy^,  'a 
pipe,  a  fistula,'  and  KaraKKuuig,  'a  locking  up.' 
A  term,  proposed  by  Dieffenbach  for  the  healing 
of  lachrymal  fistulse  by  transplantation.  The 
operation  consists  in  paring  the  edges  of  the  fis- 
tula, loosening  the  borders,  and  assisting  the  re- 
quisite tegumental  displacement  by  lateral  ■  inci- 
sions. 

DACRYO'DES,  LacTirymo'nts,  from  iaKp:i(a,  'I 
weep.'  Resembling  tears  : — tience,  Ulcus  dacy- 
o'des.     A  sanious  ulcer,  a  weeping  sore. 

DAC'RYOLITE,  DacryoVithus,  from  ^aKpv^, 
'I  weep,'  and  "KiQo;,  'a  stone.'  A  concretion 
found  in  the  lachrymal  passages. 

DACRYOLITHI'ASIS ;  same  etymon  as  the 
last.     The  formation  of  concretions  in  the  tears. 

DACRYO'MA.  Same  etymon.  The  effusion 
of  tears,  occasioned  by  an  occlusion  of  the  puncta 
lachrymalia. — Vogel. 

DACRYON,  Tear. 

DACRYOPCE'US,  from  5a*:pwM,  '  I  weep,  ana 
TTojcu,  'I  make.'    A  substance  which  excites  the 


DACRYOPS 


268 


DAPHNE 


secretion  of  tears,  —  as  the  onion,  horse-radish, 
i/arlic,  &c. 

DACRYOPS,  from  SaKpvw,  'I  weep/  and  axp, 
'  the  eye.'  A  weeping  eye.  A  tumefaction  of 
the  lachrymal  passages. 

DACPuYOPYORRHCE'A,  Pyorrhce'a  via'rum 
Iwhryma'lium,  from  iaKQv,  'a  tear/  -rvov,  'pus/ 
aud  p£u),  '  to  flow.'  A  discharge  of  tears  mixed 
with  purulent  matter. 

DACRYORRHCE'A,  Bacryrrhoe'a,  Bacryor'- 
rhysis,  Dacryr'rhysis,  from  5a/cpu,  '  a  tear,'  and 
p£<i),  '  to  flow.'     A  morbid  flux  of  tears. 

DACRYORRHYSIS,  Dacryorrboea. 

DACRYOSOLENI'TIS,  from  5a/cpu,  'a  tear,' 
o-uXi?]/,  '  a  canal,'  and  itis,  denoting  inflammation, 
lutiammation  of  the  lachrymal  ducts. 

DACRYOSYRINX,  Fistula  lachrymalis. 

DACRYRRHCEA,  Dacryorrhoea. 

DACRYRRHYSIS,  Dacryorrhoea. 

DACTYLE'THRA,  Dactyli'thra,  from  ^axruAof, 
'a  finger.'  A  name  given  by  the  ancients  to  dif- 
ferent topical  applications,  having  the  form  of  a 
finger,  and  proper  for  being  introduced  into  the 
throat  to  excite  vomiting. 

DACTYLETUS,  Hermodactylus. 

DACTYL'ION,  Dactyl'ium,  from  iaKTv\oi,  'a. 
finger.'  The  union  of  the  fingers  with  each  other. 
This  affection  is  generally  congenital;  but  it  may 
be  owing  to  burns,  ulcerations,  inflammation  of 
the  fingers,  &c. 

DACTYL'IOS,  from  &aKTv\o?,  'a  finger.'  A 
troch  or  lozenge,  when  shaped  like  a  finger.  The 
anus. 

DACTYLITIS,  Paronychia. 

DACTYLIUS,  from  &aKTv\iog,  annulus,  'a ring.' 

Dactyl'ius  Agulea'tus.  a  worm  of  a  light 
colour,  annulated,  cylindrical,  but  tapering  slightly 
towards  both  extremities,  from  two-fifths  to  four- 
fifths  of  an  inch  long,  which  has  been  found  in 
the  urine. 

DACTYLODOCHME,  Doehme. 

DACTYLOSYM'PHYSIS,  from  SuktvUs,  'a 
finger,'  aud  <Tvn<pv(ni,  'union.'  Adhesion  of  the 
fingers  to  each  other.  _ 

DACTYLOTHE'KE,  from  baKrv\o;,  'a  finger/ 
and  dr)Kri,  '  a  ease  or  sheath.'  An  instrument  for 
keeping  the  fingers  extended  when  wounded. — 
Ambrose  Pare. 

DAC'TYLUS,  Dig"itu8,  'a  finger.'  The 
smallest  measure  of  the  Greeks,  the  sixth  part 
of  a  foot.     Also,  the  Date. 

DiEDA'LEA  SUAVEOLENS,  Bole'tua  seu 
F%ingiis  Sal'icis,  Boletvs  discoideus  seu  suaveoletis, 
Fungus  albus  sali'getis,  (F.)  Agaric  odorant,  Bolet 
odorant.  A  champignon,  which  grows  on  the 
trunks  of  old  willows.  It  has  a  smell  of  anise, 
which  is  penetrating  and  agreeable ;  and  has 
been  recommended  in  phthisis  pulmonalis  in  the 
dose  of  a  scruple  four  times  a  day. 

D^DALUS,  Hydrargyrum. 

DiEDION,  Bougie. 

D^MONOMANIA,  Demonomania. 

DMS,  Taedae. 

DAFFODIL,  Narcissus  pseudonarcissus. 

DAFFY'S  ELIXIR,  Tinctura  sennse  compo- 
eita. 

DAISY,  Cnrysanthemum  leiieanthemum,  Eri- 
geron  Philadelphicum  —  d.  Common,  Bellis  —  d. 
Ox-eye,  Chrysanthemum  leucanthemum. 

DALEY'S  CARMIN'ATIVE.  A  celebrated 
empirical  reme'^y,  much  used  as  a  carminative 
for  childroti.  The  following  is  a  form  for  its  pre- 
paration :  (llagneaicB  alb.  "^ij  ;  ol.  mcnthcB  pipi'-r. 
gtt.  j  ;  ol.  nuc.  mosehat,  gtt.  iij  ;  ol.  anisl,  gtt.  iij  ; 
tinct.  castor,  gtt.  xxx ;  tincf.  asa/cctid.  gtt.  xv ; 
({net.  opii,  gtt.  v;  «p.  pulegii,  gtt.  xv;  find,  car- 
dam,  c.  gtt.  xxx;  aqucB  menthas  pip.  §ij.     M.) 


A  Committee  of  the  Philadelphia  College  of 
Pharmacy  recommend  the  following  form :  — 
{AqucB,  Ox;  Sacchar.  alh.  ^xxxij  ;  Carbon.  Po- 
tass, ^ss;  Carb.  Mag.  5^yj  Tinct.  Opii.  f§vj  ; 
01.  menth. pip.,  01.  Anethi  Foenieul.  aaf^ij.  M.) 

DALTO'NIAN.  An  absurd  name  given  to 
one  who  cannot  distinguish  colours;  because  the 
celebrated  chemist  Dalton  had  the  defect.  See 
Achromatopsia. 

DALTONISM,  Achromatopsia. 

DAMSON,  Prunum  Damascenum  —  d.  Moun- 
tain, Quassia  simarouba  —  d.  Tree,  Prunus  do- 
mestica. 

DANCE,  see  Mania,  dancing. 

DANCING,  Salta'tio,  (F.)  Banse.  A  kind  of 
exercise  and  amusement,  composed  of  a  succes- 
sion of  motions,  gestures,  and  attitudes,  executed 
by  measured  steps  to  the  sound  of  the  voice  or 
musical  instrument.     It  is  a  healthy  exercise. 

Dancing  Mania,  see  Mania,  dancing  —  d. 
Plague,  see  Mania,  dancing. 

DANDELION,  Leontodon  taraxacum. 

DANDRIFF,  Pityriasis. 

DANDRUFF,  Pityriasis. 

DANDY,  Dengue. 

DANEVERT,  MINERAL  WATERS  OP.  A 
spring,  a  league  and  a  half  from  Upsal,  in  Swe- 
den. The  waters  contain  carbonic  acid,  holding 
in  solution  carbonate  of  iron,  sulphate  of  iron, 
sulphates  of  soda  and  lime,  chloride  of  sodium, 
and  silica.  It  is  frequently  employed  in  medicine. 

DANEWORT,  Sambucus  ebulus. 

DANICH ;  an  Arabic  word,  signifying  the 
weight  of  8  grains. 

BANSE,  Dancing — d.  de  St.  Guy,  Chorea— c?. 
de  St.  Witt,  Chorea. 

DAPHNE,  Laurus. 

Daphne  Alpi'na,  Ohamale'a,  Chamala'a, 
Widoxo  wail.  Family,  Thymelsese.  Sex.  Syst. 
Octandria  Monogynia.  A  sort  of  dwarf-olive. 
An  acrid,  volatile,  alkaline  principle  has  been 
separated  from  the  bark  of  this  plant  by  M. 
Vauquelin,  to  which  he  has  given  the  name 
Baphnine.  The  plants  of  the  genus  owe  their 
vesicating  property  to  this  princijjle. 

BAPHNE  BOISGENTIL,  Daphne  mezereum 
—  d.  Flax-leaved,  Daphne  gnidium  —  d.  Garou, 
Daphne  gnidium. 

Daphne  Gnid'ium,  B.panicula'ta,  Thymela'a, 
Th.  Monspeliaca,  Thymele'a,  Cneo'ron,  Spurge 
Flax,  Flax-leaved  Baphne.  The  plant  which 
furnishes  the  Garou  Baric,  (F.)  BaphnS  Garou, 
Sain-bois.  It  is  chiefly  used,  when  used  at  all, 
for  exciting  irritation  of  the  skin.  The  Graiia 
Gnid'ia,  (see  Cnid'ia  grana,)  are  acrid  poisons, 
like  all  the  plants  of  this  genus,  when  taken  in 
quantity.  According  to  others,  the  garou  bark 
and  grana  gnidia  are  obtained  from  the  daphne 
laureola. 

Daphne  Laureola,  B.  major,  Thymelm'a  lau- 
re'ola.  The  systematic  name  of  the  Spurge  Laurel, 
Laureola.  The  bark  of  this  plant  has  similar 
properties  to  the  last. 

Daphne  Liottaedi,  D.  laureola — d.  Major,  D. 
laureola. 

Daphne  Meze'rettm,  B.Liottar'di,  Thymela'a 
meze'reum.  The  systematic  name  of  the  ileut'- 
reon,  Mezereum,  Spurge  olive,  (F.)  Ba2)hne  Bois- 
gentil.  The  bark  of  the  mezereon,  Jfezereum, 
(Ph.  U.  S.)  possesses  analogous  properties  to  the 
other  varieties  of  Daphne.  It  is  considered  sti- 
mulant and  diaphoretic  ;  and,  in  large  doses,  is 
emetic.  It  has  been  employed  in  S3'philitic  cases, 
but  its  efficacy  is  doubtful.  Soaked  in  vinegar, — 
like  the  other  varieties  of  daphne,  it  has  been 
emplo5'ed  to  irritate  the  skin,  especially  to  keep 
issues  open. 

Daphne  Panicitlata,  D.  Gnidium. 


DAPHNEL^ON 


269 


DEAMBULATIO 


DAPHNEL^E'ON,  O'lemn  Lavri'mim,  from 
la(j>vr;,  '  the  laurel  or  bay  tree,'  and  eXatov,  '  oil.' 
Oil  of  Bay. 

DAPHKINE,  see  Daphne  Alpina. 

DARNEL,  Lolium  temulentum. 

DARSENI,  Laurus  einnamomum. 

DARSINI,  Laurus  einnamomum. 

D ARSIS,  from  (5ff)a),  'I  excoriate,'  'I  skin.' 
The  Greek  physicians  seemed  to  have  used  this 
word  to  designate  the  anatomical  preparation, 
which  consists  in  removing  the  skin  for  exposing 
the  organs  covered  by  it. 

DARTA,  Impetigo  —  d.  Exeoriativa,  Herpes 
exedens — d.  Maligna,  Herpes  exedens. 

DiiBTOS.  Same  dei'ivation  ;  Membra'na  car- 
vo'»a,  Tu'nica  muscula'ris,  T.  ruhicnn'da,  scroti, 
Mfxrsn'piam  musculo' sum ;  from  Sa^rog,  'skinned.' 
A  name,  given  to  the  second  covering  of  the  tes- 
ticle, which  the  ancient  anatomists  conceived  to 
be  muscular,  but  which  is  merely  areolar.  Its 
external  surface  is  towards  the  scrotum  ;  the  in- 
ternal towarc's  the  tunica  vaginalis.  Frederick 
Lobstein  and  Breschet  consider,  that  it  proceeds 
from  an  expasr.ion  of  the  fibrous  cord,  known  by 
the  name  Guhtrnacidum  Testis. 

DARTBE,  Herpes,  Impetigo,  Pityriasis  —  «f. 
Crustacee,  Ecthyma  impetigo  —  d.  Crustac^e  fla- 
vesoente,  Porrigo  lupinosa — d.  Croilfeuse,  Impetigo 
— d.  Ecailleuse,  Psoriasis — d.  Fonguense,  Ecthy- 
ma— d.  Furfuracee  arrondie,  Lepra,  Lepra  vul- 
garis— d.  Furfuracee  volante.  Lichen,  Pityriasis 
—  d.  Phlycteno'ide,  Herpes  phlyctcenoides  —  d. 
Pnstuleuse  couperose,  Gutta  rosea — d.  Ptistuleiise 
disseminie,  Acne — d.  Pustuleuse  mentagra.  Syco- 
sis —  d.  Bongeante,  Herpes  exedens ;  see  Esthio- 
menus  —  d.  Sqtinmmeust  humide,  Eczema  —  d, 
Squammeuse  lichenoide,  Psoriasis  —  d.  Vive,  Ec- 
zema. 

DARTBEUX  (F.),  Herpetic.  Participating 
in  the  characters  of  Dartre  or  Herpes.  Also,  one 
ajfected  with  dartre.  Dartre  has  been  used,  at 
one  time  or  other,  for  almost  every  disease  of  the 
skin.     See  Herpes. 

DAS'YMA,  from  haav;,  'rough,'  'hairy.'  A 
disease  of  the  eye  —  the  same  as  trachoma,  but 
less  in  degree. — Aetius,  Gorrasus. 

DAS'YTES.  Same  etymon.  Roughness,  par- 
ticularly of  the  tongue  and  voice.  Hairiness, 
Hirsu'ties. 

DATE,  Pal'mula,  Dac'tylus,  Bal'anos,  Phve'ni- 
cos,  the  fruit  of  the  PJiosnix  dactylif  era  seu  ex- 
cel'sa,  Palma  dctctylifera,  (F.)  Datte.  The  un- 
ripe date  is  astringent.  When  ripe,  it  resembles 
the  fig.     The  juice  of  the  tree  is  refrigerant. 

DATE  PLUM,  INDIAN,  Diospyrus  lotus. 

DATTE,  Date. 

DATURA,  D.  Stramonium. 

D  atu'ra  Sanguin'ea,  Bed  Thorn  Apple;  called 
by  the  Indians  of  Peru  Huacacachu,  Yerha  de 
Huaca  (huaca,  a  grave)  or  Grave-plant,  and  Bo- 
vnahevo.  A  plant  from  which  the  Peruvian  In- 
dians prepare  a  narcotic  drink  called  Tonga. 

Datu'ha  Stramo'niuh,  Stramo'nium,  Straino'- 
nia,  Barycoc' colon,  Sola'nvm  fae'tidum,  Stramo'- 
niuTn  majus  album,  seu  spino'snm  seu  imlga'tuiij.  seu 
f'x'tidxmn,  Pomum  seu  Malum  spino'snm,  ^^ux  me- 
thel,  Dafu'rn,  Dutro'a,  Daty'ra,  Thorn  Apple, 
Jamestoton  Weed,  Jimston  Weed,  Stinhweed,  (F.) 
Stramoine,  Pomme  epineuse.  The  herbaceous  part 
of  the  plant  and  the  seeds  are  the  parts  used  in 
medicine.  They  axe  narcotic  and  poisonous  ;  — 
are  given  internally  as  narcotics  and  antispasmo- 
dics, and  applied  externally  as  sedatives,  in  the 
form  of  fomentation.  The  seeds  are  smoked  like 
tobacco,  in  asthma.  The  dose  of  the  powder  is, 
gr.  j  to  gr.  viii. 

DA'TURINE,  Datnri'na,  Datu'ria,  Datii'rivm. 
The  active  principle  of  the  Datura  Stramonium, 


separated  by  Brandes,  a  German  chemist.  It  has 
not  been  rendered  available  in  medicine. 

DATURIUM,  Daturine. 

DATYRA,  Datura  stramonium. 

DAUCI'TES  VINUM.  Wine,  of  which  the 
Daucus  or  Wild  Carrot  was  an  ingredient.  The 
seeds  were  steeped  in  must.  It  was  formerly  used 
in  coughs,  convulsions,  hypochondriasis,  diseases 
of  the  uterus,  &e. 

DAUCUS  CANDIANUS,  Athamanta  cretensis. 

Daucus  Caro'ta.  The  systematic  name  of 
the  Carrot  Plant;  Daucus,  Daucus  sy Ives' tris  sen 
vulga'ris  seu  sati'vus,  Cauea'lis  caro'ta,  Pastina'ca 
sylvestris  tenuifo'lia  officina'rum,  Ado'rion.  Or- 
der, Umbelliferse.  (F.)  Carotte.  The  root,  and 
seed,  Carota  —  (Ph.  U.  S.)  —  have  been  use5  in 
medicine.  The  root  is  sweet  and  mucilaginous ; 
and  the  seeds  have  an  aromatic  odour,  and  mode- 
rately warm,  pungent  taste.  The  root  has  been 
used  as  an  emollient,  to  fetid  and  ill-conditioned 
sores.  The  seeds  have  been  regarded  as  sto- 
machic, carminative  and  diuretic;  but  they  have 
little  efficacy.  The  seeds  of  the  wild  plant  are, 
by  some,  preferred  to  those  of  the  garden. 

Daucus  Creticus,  Athamanta  cretensis  —  d, 
Cyanopus,  Pimpinella  magna  —  d.  Sativus,  D. 
carota  —  d.  Seprinius,  Scandix  cerefolium  —  d. 
Sylvestris,  D.  carota — d.  Vulgaris,  D.  carota. 

DA  UPHINELLE,  Delphinium  staphisagria. 

DAVIDSON'S  REMEDY  FOR  CANCER,  see 
Conium  maculatum. 

DA  VIEB,  Dentagra. 

DAWLISH,  CLIMATE  OF.  A  town  in  De- 
vonshire, frequented  by  phthisical  invalids  during 
the  winter.  It  is  well  protected  from  northerly 
winds,  and  also  from  the  violence  of  the  south- 
westerly gales.  It  offers,  however,  but  a  con- 
fined space. 

DAX,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Dax  is  a 
city  two  leagues  from  Bordeaux,  where  there  are 
four  springs,  that  are  almost  purely  thermal  ; 
containing  only  a  very  small  quantity  of  chloride 
of  magnesium,  and  sulphate  of  soda  and  lime. 
Temperature  76°  to  133°  Fahrenheit. 

DAYMARE,  Incubus  vigilantium. 

DAY-SIGHT,  Hemeralopia—d.  Vision,  Heme- 
ralopia. 

DAZZLING,  Caliga'tio,  (F.)  Eblouissement. 
A  momentary  disturbance  of  sight,  occasioned 
either  by  the  sudden  impression  of  too  powerful 
a  li2;ht,  or  by  some  internal  cause;  as  plethora. 

DE  VENTRE  INSPICIENDO,  'of  inspect- 
ing the  belly.'  Where  there  is  reason  to  suppose, 
that  a  woman  feigns  herself  pregnant,  a  writ  de 
ventre  inspieicndo  may  be  issued  to  determine 
whether  she  be  so  or  not.  Until  recently,  in 
England,  the  decision  was  left  to  twelve  matrons 
and  twelve  respectable  men,  according  to  the 
strict  terms  of  the  ancient  writ. 

DEAF-DUMBNESS,  Mutitas  surdorum. 

DEAFNESS,  from  Anglo-Saxon  besij.  Sur'- 
ditas,  Copho'sis,  Dysecoi'a,  Dysecce'a  organ'ica, 
Baryecoi'a,  Hardness  of  hearing,  Hypocop)ho'sis, 
Subsvr'ditas,  Bradycoi'a,  Bradyecoi'a,  (F.)  Sur- 
dite,  Durete  de  I'ouie.  Considerable  diminutioR 
or  total  ]o.«s  of  hearing.  It  may  be  the  effect  of 
acute  or  chronic  inflammation  of  the  intprnal  ear. 
paralysis  of  the  auditory  nerve  or  its  pulny  extre- 
mity, or  of  some  mechanical  obstruction  to  tho 
sonorous  rays.  In  most  cases,  however,  the  cause 
of  the  deafness  is  not  appreciable,  and  the  treat- 
ment has  to  be  purely  empirical.  Syringing  ins 
ears,  dropping  in  slightly  stimulating  oils,  fumi- 
gations, &e.,  are  the  most  likely  means  to  afford 
relief. 

Deafnijss,  Taylor's  Remedy  fob,  see  Allium. 

DEALBATIO,  Paleness. 

DEAMBULATIO,  Walking. 


DEARTICULATIO 


270 


DECIDUA 


DEARTICULATIO,  Diarthrosis. 
DEASCIATIO,  Aposceparnismus. 
DEATH,  (Sax.  6ea8,)  Apohio'sis,  Ahio'sis,  Ex- 
tinc'tio,  Ob'itus,  P8ychorag"ia,  P8yehorrhag"ia, 
Le'thum,Letum,  Mors,  Inter' itus,  Than' atos,  Death, 
(P.)  llort.  Definitive  cessation  of  all  the  func- 
tions, the  aggregate  of  which  constitute  life.  Real 
Death,  Apothnna'sia,  is  distinguished  from  as- 
phyxia or  apparent  death:  —  the  latter  being 
merely  a  suspension  of  those  same  functions. 
But  it  is  often  difficult  to  judge  of  such  suspen- 
sion, and  the  only  certain  sign  of  real  death  is 
the  commencement  of  putrefaction.  At  times, 
therefore,  great  caution  is  requisite  to  avoid  mis- 
takes. Death  is  commonly  preceded  by  some 
distressing  symptoms,  which  depend  on  lesion  of 
respiration,  circulation,  or  of  the  cerebral  func- 
tion, and  which  constitute  the  agony.  That  which 
occurs  suddenly,  and  without  any,  or  with  few, 
precursory  signs,  is  called  sudden  death.  It  is 
ordinarily  caused  by  disease  of  the  heart;  apo- 
plexy; the  rupture  of  an  aneurism,  or  by  some 
other  organic  affection.  Death  is  natural,  when 
it  occurs  as  the  result  of  disease :  violent,  when 
produced  by  some  forcible  agency.  It  may  like- 
wise affect  the  whole  body,  or  a  part  only  ;  hence 
the  difference  between  somatic  and  molecular 
death. 

The  chief  varieties  of  the  modes  of  death  may 
be  thus  given  : — 

r  Suddenly— Syn- 
Death  beginning  at  the  heart,  \  cope:  Gradual — 
(  Asthenia. 
"  "  in  the  lungs — Asphyxia. 

"  "  in  the  brain — Apoplexy. 

in  the  gray  ( Paralysis  of 
"  "  matterof  the -^  pneumogastrics, 

medulla,         ( <fec. 
"  "  in  the  blood — necrsemia. 

Death,  Apparent,  Asphyxia. 
Death,  Black.     The  plague  of  the  14th  cen- 
knry  was  so  called,  which  is  supposed  to  have 
proved  fatal  in  Europe  to  25,000,000  of  people. — 
Ilecker. 

Death  of  Man,  Cicuta  maculata  —  d.  Stiffen- 
ing, Rigor  mortis. 
DEBILIS,  Infirm. 

DEBIL'ITANTS,  DeUlitan'tia,  Antkhjnam'- 
ica,  Philadynam' ica,  from  debilitare,  itself  from 
dehilis,  quasi  dehabilis,  'weak,'  'to  weaken.' 
Remedies  exhibited  for  the  purpose  of  reducing 
excitement.  Antiphlogistics  are,  hence,  debili- 
tants. 

DEBILITAS,  Debility— d.  Erethisica,  see  Irri- 
table—  d.  Nervosa,  Neurasthenia,  see  Irritable 
—  d.  Visus,  Asthenopia. 

DEBIL'ITT,  Dehtl'itas,  Astheni'a,  Blaei'a, 
Anenercje'sia,  Anenergi'a,  Weakness,  (F.)  Pat- 
blesse.  A  condition,  which  may  be  induced  by 
a  number  of  causes.  It  must  not  be  confounded 
•wiih/attfftie,  which  is  temporary,  whilst  debility 
is  generally  more  permanent. 

Debility  may  be  real,  or  it  may  be  apparent; 
and,  in  the  management  of  disease,  it  is  important 
to  attend  to  this.  At  the  commencement  of  fever, 
for  example,  there  is  often  a  degree  of  apparent 
debility,  which  prevents  the  use  of  appropriate 
means,  and  is  the  cause  of  much  evil.  Excite- 
ment is  more  dangerous  than  debility. 
DEBOITEMENT.  Luxation. 
DERORDEMENT  (F.),  from  dehorder,  (de 
and  border)  '  to  overflow.'  A  popular  term  for 
one  or  more  sudden  and  copious  evacuations  from 
the  bowels.  It  is  (;hi.->.fiy  applied  to  bilious  eva- 
cuations "f  this  kind — Delordement  di  Rile. 

DEIiRIDEMENT  (F.),  Frmno'rttm  soln'tio, 
Irom  (F.)  debridcr,  (rfe  and  irirfer,)  'tv unbridle.' 


The  removal  of  filaments,  <te.,  in  a  wound  or 

abscess,  which  prevent  the  discharge  of  pus.  In 
a  more  general  acceptation,  it  means  the  cutting 
of  a  soft,  membranous  or  aponeurotic  part,  which 
interferes  with  the  exercise  of  any  organ  what- 
ever:  thus,  in  paraphimosis,  debridement  of  the 
prepuce  is  practised  to  put  an  end  to  the  inflam- 
mation of  the  glans  :  in  strangulated  hernia,  de- 
bridement of  the  abdominal  ring  is  had  recourse 
to,  to  remove  the  stricture  of  the  intestine,  <fec. 

DECAGRAMME,  from  iiKa, '  ten,'  and  youjipa, 
'a  gramme.'  The  weight  of  ten  grammes,  \b\.M 
grains  Trov. 

DECAM'YRON,  from  hxa,  'ten,'  and  fivpov, 
'  ointment.'  An  ancient  cataplasm,  composed  of 
tnalabathrum,  mastich,  enphorbium,  spikenard, 
styrax  calamita,  carbonate  of  lime,  common  /></>- 
per,  ungnentum  nardi,  opobalsamiim,  and  tear. 

DECANTA'TION,  Decanta'tio,  Defu'sio,  Me- 
tangism'os,  Catueh'ysis.  A  pharmaceutical  ope- 
ration, which  consists  in  pouring  off,  gently,  by 
inclining  the  vessel,  any  fluid  which  has  left  a 
deposit. 

DECAPITATIO  ARTICULORUM,  see  Re- 
section. 

DECARBONIZATION,  Eeematosis. 

DECESSIO,  Ecpiesma. 

DECIIARNE,  Demusculatus. 

DEGHAUSSEMENT  (F.)  [de  and  chausser.) 
The  state,  in  which  the  gums  have  fallen  away 
from  the  teeth,  as  in  those  affected  by  mercurj-, 
in  old  persons,  &c.  Also,  the  operation  of  lanc- 
ing the  gums.     See  Gum  lancet. 

DECHA  USSOIR,  Gum  lancet. 

DECHIRE3IENT,  Laceration. 
•  DECHIR  URE,  Wound,  lacerated. 

DECIDENTIA,  Gataptosis,  Epilepsy. 

DECIDUA,  Decidua  membrana. 

Decid'ua  Membra'na,  Decid'na,  Decid'uouit 
Membrane,  from  decidere,  'to  fall  off,'  (de,  and 
cadere.)  So  called  on  account  of  its  being  consi- 
dered to  be  discharged  from  the  uterus  at  parti;- 
rition.  A  membrane,  formerly  defined  to  be  the 
outermost  membrane  of  the  foetus  in  utero ;  and 
still  so  defined  by  some — =as  by  Dr.  Lee.  Chaiis- 
sier  calls  it  Epicho'rion  :  by  others,  it  has  been 
ca.\le(l  3Iejnbra'na  cadu'ca  Hunteri,  M.floccuhn'- 
ta,  J/,  cellulo'sa,  M.  sinuo'sa,  M.  commu'nis,  M. 
praeris'tens,  Decidua  externa,  Tu'nica  exterior 
ovi,  T.  cadu'ca,  T.  crassa,  Membra'na  cribro'so, 
Membra'na  ovi  mater'na,  M.  miico'sa,  Decidua 
spongio'sa,  Epio'ne,  Placen'ta  uteri  snccenturiu'- 
tns,  Subplaeen'ta,  3fembra'na  u'teri  inter'na  evo- 
lu'ta,  Nidamen'tum,  Anhis'tous  membrane,  (F. ) 
Cadurjue,  0.  vraie.  Membrane  caduque,  Epione, 
Perione.  Prior  to  the  time  of  the  Hunters,  called 
Cho'rion  sjjongio'siim,  C.  tomento'8um,fungo'euni, 
reticula'tum,  &c.,  Tu'nica  filamento'sa,  Shaggy 
Chorion,  Spongy  Chorion,  &c.  Great  diversity 
has  prevailed,  regarding  this  membrane  and  its 
reflected  portion.  It  exists  before  the  germ  ar- 
rives in  the  uterus,^ — as  it  has  been  met  with  in 
tubal  and  ovarial  pregnancies ;  and  is  occa- 
sioned by  a  new  action,  assumed  by  the  uterine 
vessels  at  the  moment  of  conception.  Chaussier. 
Lobstcin,  Gardien,  Velpeau  and  others  consider 
it  to  be  a  sac,  without  apertures,  completely  li- 
ning the  uterus,  and  that  when  the  ovum  descends 
through  the  tube,  it  jmshes  the  decidua  before  it, 
and  becomes  enveloped  in  it,  except  at  the  part 
destined  to  form  the  placenta.  That  portion  of 
the  membrane,  which  covers  the  ovum,  forms  the 
Ifcmhra'na  decid'ua  rejlex'a,  (F.)  Cadiique  rrflt- 
chie,  Membrane  caduque  rejlechie,  according  to 
them  ; — the  part  lining  the  uterus  being  the  De- 
cidua U'teri.  Towards  tlio  end  of  the  fourth 
month,   the   decidua    refioxa   disappears.      The 


DECIDUOUS  MEMBRANE 


271 


DECOCTUM 


very  existence  of  a  Tunica  decidua  reflexa  has, 
however,  been  denied.  This  last  membrane  has 
received  various  names.  Dr.  Granville,  regard- 
ing it  as  the  external  membrane  of  the  ovum,  has 
termed  it  Cortex  ovi.  It  has  also  been  termed 
Invohi' erum  memhrana'ceum,  Membra'na  reti- 
form'is  eJio'rii,  Ilemhra'na  filamento' sa,  31.  ad- 
ventW'ia  and  M.  crassa,  Ovuline  and  Decid'ua 
protru'sa.  To  the  membrane  which,  according 
to  Bojanus  and  others,  is  situate  between  the 
placenta  and  the  uterus,  and  which  he  considers 
to  be  produced  at  a  later  period  than  the  decidua 
vera,  he  gave  the  name  membra'na  decid'ua  se- 
ro'tina. 

Histological  researches  seem  to  show,  that  the 
decidua  is  an  altered  condition  of  the  lining 
membrane  of  the  uterus,  with  a  whitish  secretion 
filling  the  uterine  tubular  glands.  The  decidua 
reilexa  is  probably  formed  by  the  agency  of  nu- 
cleated cells  from  the  plastic  materials  thrown  out 
from  the  decidua  uteri;  in  the  same  manner  as 
the  chorion  is  formed  in  the  Fallopian  Tube  from 
plastic  materials  thrown  out  from  its  lining  mem- 
brane. That  the  decidua  reflexa  is  not  a  mere 
inverted  portion  of  the  decidua  uteri  is  shown 
by  the  fact,  that  the  texture  of  the  two  is  by 
no  means  identical. 

Decidua  Protrusa,  Decidua  reflexa. 

DECIDUOUS  MEMBRANE,  Decidua  (mem- 
brana). 

DECIGRAMME,  Beeigram'ma,  from  decimvs, 
'the  tenth  part,'  and  ypuftiia,  'gramme.'  The 
tenth  part  of  the  gramme  in  weight ;  equal  to  a 
little  less  than  two  grains,  French;  1.543  Troy. 

DECIMA'NA  FEBRIS,  from  rfece^n,  'ten.' 
An  intermittent,  whose  paroxysms  return  every 
IGth  day  or  every  9  days.     It  is  supposititious. 

DECLAMATION,  Declama'tio,  from  de,  and 
damare,  '  to  cry  out.'  The  art  of  depicting  the 
Bentiments  by  inflections  of  the  voice,  accompa- 
nied with  gestures,  which  render  the  meaning  of 
the  speaker  more  evident,  and  infuse  into  the 
minds  of  the  auditors  the  emotions  with  which 
he  is  impressed.  Declamation  may  become  the 
cause  of  disease :  the  modification,  produced  in 
the  pulmonary  circulation, — accompanied  by  the 
great  excitement,  sometimes  experienced, — is  the 
cause  of  many  morbid  afi"eotions  ;  particularly  of 
pneumonia,  hajmoptysis,  and  apoplexy.  In  mo- 
deration, it  gives  a  healthy  excitement  to  the 
frame. 

BECLIN,  Decline. 

DECLINATIO,  Decline. 

DECLINE,  Beclina'tio,  Ivclinu'tio,  Becre- 
men'tum,  Remis'sio,  Parac'me,  Paracma'sis,  (F.) 
Beclin,  from  de,  and  clinare,  'to  bend.'  That 
period  of  a  disorder  or  paroxysm,  at  which  the 
symptoms  begin  to  abate  in  violence.  We  speak, 
also,  of  the  decline  of  life,  or  of  the  powers,  (F.) 
BSclin  de  I'age,  L'age  de  declin,  when  the  phy- 
sical and  moral  faculties  lose  a  little  of  their  ac- 
tivity and  energy.     See  Phthisis,  and  Tabes. 

BEG  LIVE,  (F.)  Becli'vis,  from  de,  'from,' 
and  clivns,  '  acclivity.'  Inclining  downwards. 
This  epithet  is  applied  to  the  most  depending 
part  of  a  tumour  or  .abscess. 

DECOCTION,  Becoc'tio,  from  decoquere,  'to 
boil,'  (de  and  coqicere,)  Epse'sis,  Apoz'esis,  Zesis, 
Ilepse'sis,  Aphepsis,  (F.)  Becoction.  The  opera- 
tion of  boiling  certain  ingredients  in  a  fluid,  for 
the  purpose  of  extracting  the  parts  soluble  at 
that  temperature.  Decoction,  likewise,  means 
the  product  of  this  operation,  to  which  the  terms 
Becoctum,  Zemn,  Aphepse'ma,  Ap' ozem,  Apoz' ema, 
Hepse'riia,  Chilian  and  -£J/j«e''/?;a,  have  been  ap- 
plied according  to  ancient  custom,  in  order  to 
avoid  any  confusion  between  the  operation  and 


its  product; — rs  pirmparatio  i?  used  for  the  act 
of  preparing;  prmparatum,  for  the  thing  prepared. 
Decoction  of  Aloes,  Compound,  Decoctum 
aloes  compositum  —  d.  of  Bark,  Decoctum  Cin- 
chonsB  —  d.  of  Barley,  Decoctum  hordei — d.  of 
Barley,  compound,  Decoctum  hordei  compositum 

—  d.  Bitter,  Decoctum  amarum  —  d.  of  Cabbage 
tree  bark,  Decoctum  geoffrseffi  inermis  —  d.  of 
Cassia,  Decoctum  cassias — d.  of  Chamomile,  De- 
coctum anthemidis  nobilis  —  d.  of  Cinchona,  De- 
coctum Cinchonce  —  d.  of  Cinchona,  compound 
laxative,  Decoctum  kinae  kinse  compositum  ct 
laxans  —  d.  of  Colomba,  compound,  Decoctum 
Calumba3  compositum  —  d.  of  Dandelion,  Decoc- 
tum Taraxaci — d.  of  Dogwood,  Decoctum  Cornfls 
Floridas — d.  of  Elm  bark,  Decoctum  ulmi- — d.  of 
Foxglove,  Decoctum  digitalis — d.  de  Gayac  com- 
posee,  &c.,  Decoctum  de  Guyaco  compositum  — 
d.  of  Guaiacum,  compound,  Decoctum  Guaiaci 
compositum  —  d.  of  Guaiacum,  compound  purga- 
tive, Decoctum  de  Guayaco  compositum  —  d.  of 
Hartshorn,  burnt,  Mistura  cornu  usti — d.  of  Hel- 
lebore, white,  Decoctum  veratri  —  d.  of  Iceland 
moss,  Decoctum  cetrarise  —  d.  of  Liverwort,  De- 
coctum lichenis  —  d.  of  Logwood,  Decoctum  hee~ 
matoxyli — d.  of  Marshmallows,  Decoctum  althasae 

—  d.  de  Mauve  composee,  Decoctum  malv£B  com- 
positum—  d.  of  Oak  bark,  Decoctum  querclis  — 
d.  d'Orge,  Decoctum  hordei — d.  d'Orge  compogee, 
Decoctum  hordei  compositum — d.  of  Pipsissewa, 
Decoctum  chimaphilje  —  d.  of  Poppy,  Decoctum 
papaveris— d.  of  Quince  seeds,  Decoctum  cydoniae 

—  d.  de  Quinquina  composSe  et  laxative,  Decoc- 
tum kinas  kinee  compositum  et  laxans  —  d.  de 
SalsapareiUe  composee,  Decoctum  sarsaparillre 
compositum  —  d.  of  Sarsaparilla,  Decoctum  s ar- 
saparillfe  —  d.  of  SarsaparUla,  compound,  Decoc- 
tum sarsaparillse  compositum — d.  of  Sarsaparilla, 
false,  Decoctum  araliee  nudicaulis  —  d.  of  Squill, 
Decoctum  scilla? — d.  of  Uva  iirsi,  Decoctum  uvae 
ursi  —  d.  of  the  Woods,  Decoctum  Guaiaci  com- 
positum —  d.  of  Woody  nightshade,  Decoctum 
duleamarfe — d.  of  Zittmann,  Decoctum  Zittmanni. 

DECOCTUM,  Decoction  — d.  Album,  Mistura 
cornu  usti. 

Decoctum  Al'oes  Compos'itum,  Balsam  of 
Life,  Compound  Becoction  of  Aloes.  {Ext.  glyc. 
I^iv,  2}otass.  subcarb.  Q  ij,  aloes  spicat.  ext. :  myrrha 
contrit. :  croci  stigmat.  aa  ^j,  aqu(B  Oj.  Boil  to 
f^xij  :  strain,  and  add  finct.  card.  c.  tgir.  Pliarm. 
L.)  The  gum  and  extractive  are  dissohed  in 
this  preparation.  The  alkali  is  added  to  take  up 
a  little  of  the  resin.  The  tincture  prevents  it 
from  spoiling.  It  is  gently  cathartic.  Dose, 
fgss  to  gij. 

Decoctum  Kjjt'eje.'m,  B.  altJiwm  offienia'h^  : 
Becoction  of  Ifarsh-malloics,  (F.)  Becoction  de 
Ouimaiive.  (Bad.  nlthcBCS  sice.  ^iv.  nvar.passar. 
,^ij,  aqucB,  Ovij.  Boil  to  Ov.  Pour  off  the  clear 
liquor.    Pharm.  E.)     It  is  used  as  a  demulcent. 

Decoctum  Ama'rum;  Bitter  Becoction.  {Pad. 
gent.  3j,  aqvcB  Oijss.  Boil  for  a  quarter  of  an 
hour;  add  species  amarcB  ^I'j-  Infuse  for  two 
hours  and  filter,  without  expressing.  Pharm.  P.) 
It  is  tonic.     Dose,  f^ss  to  ^ij. 

Decoctum  Anthem 'idis  Nob'ilis,  B.  Chavxe- 
me'li /  Becoction  of  Cham'omile.  {Flor.  anthe- 
mid.  nobil.  gj,  sem.  carui  ^iv,  aqucB  Ov.  Boit 
for  fifteen  minutes  and  strain.  Pharm.  E.)  It 
contains  bitter  extractive  and  essential  oil,  dis- 
solved in  water.  It  is  used,  occasionally,  as  a 
vehicle  for  tonic  powders,  pills,  &e.,  and  in  fo- 
mentations and  glysters;  but  for  the  last  pur- 
pose, warm  water  is  equally  efiicacious.  Tho 
Dublin  college  has  a  compound  decoction. 

Decoctum  Ara'lijE  Nudicau'lis  ;  Becoction 
of  False  Sarsaparilla.  {Aralim  nvdicaui.  ^vj, 
aqiicB  Oviij.    Digest  for  four  hours,  and  then  boU 


DECOCTUM 


272 


DECOCTUM 


to  four  pints  :  press  out  and  strain  tlie  decoction. 
Former  Ph.  U.  S.)  It  is  used  as  a  stomachic, 
but  it  is  an  unnecessary  and  laborious  prepa- 
ration, 

Decoctum  CassIjE;  Decoction  of  Cassia.  {Cas- 
eicB  pulp.  §ij,  aqucB  Oij.  Boil  for  a  few  minutes, 
f  Iter  without  expression,  and  add  syrup,  violar. 
§j,  or  manna  pur.  §i.i.  [Pharm.  P.)  It  is  lax- 
ative, in  the  dose  of  ^vj. 

Decoctum  Cetra'eijd,  Decoction  of  Iceland 
Moss.  [Getrar.  ^ss,  aqi((B  Oiss.  Boil  to  a  pint, 
and  strain  with  compression.  Ph.  U.  S.)  Dose, 
f^iv  to  Oss,  and  more. 

Decoctum  ChamjEmeli,  Decoctum  anthemidis 
H.obilis. 

Decoctum  CHnrAPH'iL;E,  Decoction  ofPHpsis'- 
aewa.  [CJiimaph.  confus.  ^j,  aqua  Oiss.  Boil  to 
a  pint,  and  strain.    Pharm.  U.  S.)     Dose,  f^iss. 

Decoctum  CiNCHO'NiE,  Decoctum  Cinchonas,  D. 
Ciir'iicis  Cinchoyia ;  Decoction  of  Cinchona,  D. 
of  Bark,  Decoctum  Kina  Kince.  [Cinchon.  cort. 
contus.  ^j,  aqua  Oj.  Boil  for  ten  minutes,  in  a 
slightly  covered  vessel,  and  strain  while  hot. 
Pharm.  U.  S.)  It  contains  quinia  and  resinous 
extractive,  dissolved  in  water.  Long  coction  ox- 
ygenates and  precipitates  the  extractive.  It  can 
be  given,  where  the  powder  does  not  sit  easy, 
&o.     Dose,  f^j  to  §iv. 

The  Pharmacopoeia  of  the  United  States  has  a 
Decoctum  Cinchona  flava,  Decoction  of  yelloio 
hark,  and  a  Decoctum  Cinchona  rubra.  Decoction 
of  red  hark,  both  of  which  are  prepared  as  above. 

Decoctum  Colom'b^  Compos'itum;  Compound 
Decoction  of  Colomha.  [Colomh.  contus.,  quassia, 
aa  ^ij,  cort.  aurant.  Zj,  rhej  pulv.  ^j,  potassa 
carbonaf.  ^ss,  aqua  3xx.  Boil  to  a  pint,  and 
a4d  tinct.  lavand.  f^ss.  Former  Ph.  U.  S.)  Given 
as  a  tonic,  but  not  worthy  an  officinal  station. 

Decoctum  Commune  pro  Clysteee,  D.  malvaa 
compositum — d.Cornu  cervini,  Mistura  cornu  usti. 

Decoctum  Corxus  Flor'id^:,  Decoction  of 
Dogioood.  (Cornils  Florid,  cont.  ,^j,  oqva  Oj. 
Boil  for  ten  minutes  in  a  covered  vessel,  and 
strain  while  hot.     Pharm.  U.  S.)     Dose,  f,^iss. 

Decoctum  Cydo'kijE,  Ihicila'go  Sem'inis  Cy- 
d.o'nii  Mali,  M.  Sem'inum  Cydonio'rum ;  Decoc- 
tion or  Mu'cilar/e  of  Quince  seeds.  {Cydonia 
sem.  Jij,  aqua  Oj.  Boil  for  ten  minutes  over  a 
gentle  fire,  and  strain.  Pharm.  L.)  It  is  merely 
a  solution  of  mucilage  in  water,  and  is  used  as  a 
demulcent. 

Decoctum  Daphxes  Meze'ret,  Decoctum  Me- 
ze''rei,  Decoction  of  Meze'reon.  ( Cort.  rad.  daphn, 
mezerei,  ^ij,  rad.  glycyrrh.  cont.  ^ss,  aqua  Oiij. 
Boil  over  a  gentle  fire  to  Oij,  and  strain.)  The 
acrimony  of  the  mezereon  and  the  saccharine 
mucilage  of  the  liquorice  root  are  imparted  to  the 
water.  It  is  somewhat  stimulant,  and  has  been 
used  in  secondary  syphilis ;  but  is  devoid  of 
power.     Dose  f^iij  to  ^vj. 

Decoctum  Diaphoreticum,  D.  Gua.iaci  compo- 
situm— d.  pro  Enemate,  D.  malvas  compositum. 

Decoctum  Digita'lis,  Decoction  of  Fox-glove. 
(Fol.  digit,  sice,  gj,  aqua  q.  s.  ut  colentur  f^viij. 
Let  the  liquor  begin  to  boil  over  a  slow  fire,  and 
then  remove  it.  Digest  for  fifteen  minutes,  and 
strain.  Pharm.  D.)  It  possesses  the  properties 
of  the  plant.     Dose,  f.^ij  to  ^''j- 

Decoctum  Dulcama'r^,  Decoction  of  W^jody 
Nightshade.  {Dulcamara  cont.  .^j,  aqua  Oiss. 
Boil  to  Oj,  and  strain.  Pharr..  U.  S.)  This  de- 
coction has  been  considered  diuretic  and  diapho- 
retic, and  has  been  administered  extcn,«ively  in 
ikin  diseases.     It  is  probably  devoid  of  efficacy. 

Decoctum  pro  Fomexto,  D.  papaveria. 

Decoctum  Geopfh^'^  Inerm'is  ;  Decoction 
uf  Cabbage  Tree  Bark.  {Corf,  geoffr.  inermia  in 
^ulv.  §j,  Aqua  Oij.     Foil,  over  a  slow  fire  to  a 


pint,  and  strain.  Pharm.  E.)  It  is  possessed 
of  anthelmintic,  purgative,  and  narcotic  proper- 
ties, and  has  been  chiefly  used  for  the  first  of 
these  purposes.  Dose,  to  children,  f ^ij  —  to 
adults,  f^ss  to  §ij. 

Decoctum  Guaiaci  Compos'itum,  D.  Guaiaci 
officina'lia  comp>os'il.um,  Decoctum  Ligno'rum,  D. 
de  Guyaco  compos'itum,  D.  sudorif'icum,  D.  dia- 
phoret'icum  ;  Compound  decoction  of  Guaincvm, 
Decoction  of  the  Woods.  {Lign.  guaiac.  rasiir. 
^iij,yVueJ.  sice,  vitis  vinifer.  ^Jij,  rad.  lauri.  sax- 
safr.  concis.,  rad.  glycyrrh.  aa,  ^j,  aqua  Ox. 
Boil  the  Guaiacum  and  raisins  over  a  slow  fire  lo 
Ov :  adding  the  roots  towards  the  end,  then 
strain.  Pharm.  E.)  It  is  possessed  of  stimu- 
lant properties,  and  has  been  given  in  syphilitic, 
cutaneous,  and  rheumatic  affections.  The  re:-in 
of  the  guaiacum  is,  however,  insoluble  in  water, 
so  that  the  guaiac  wood  in  it  cannot  be  supposed 
to  possess  much,  if  any,  effect.  The  Parisian 
Codex  has  a 

Decoctum  de  Guyaco  Compos'itum  et  Prn- 
GANS,  (F.)  Decoction  de  Gayac  Compos&e  et  Pur- 
gative ;  Compound  purgative  Decoction  of  Gua- 
iacum. {Lign.  guaiac.  rasp.,  rad.  sarsap.  aa  ^j, 
potass,  carbonat.  gr.  xxv.  Macerate  for  twelve 
hours,  agitating  occasionally,  in  water  Oiv,  until 
there  remain  Oiij.  Then  infuse  in  it  fol.  senna 
^ij,  rhej  ^j,  lign.  sassafr.,  glycyrrh.  rad.  aa  ^ij, 
sem.  coriand.  ^j.  Strain  gently,  suffer  it  to 
settle,  and  pour  off  the  clear  supernatant  liquor. 
The  title  sufficiently  indicates  the  properties  of 
the  composition. 

Decoctum  H^ematox'yli,  Decoction  of  Log. 
icood.  {llamatoxyl.  rasur.  ^j,  aqua  Oij.  Boil 
to  a  pint,  and  strain.     Pharm.  U.  S.) 

Decoctuji  Hellebori  Albi,  D.  veratri  —  d. 
KiuEe  kinse,  D.  'Cinehonss. 

Decoctum  Hor'dei,  Decoctum  Hordet  Dis'- 
tichi,  Ptis'ana  Hippocrat'ica,  Tipsti'ria,  Tap- 
aa'ria,  Aqua  Ilordca'ta,  Mydrocri'the,  Barley 
Water,  Decoc'tion  of  Barley,  (F.)  Decoction 
d'Orge,  Tisane  Commune.  {Hord.  gij.  Aqua 
Oivss.  Wash  the  bariey  well,  boil  for  a  ftw 
minutes  in  irater  Oss :  strain  this,  and  throw  it 
away,  and  add  the  remainder,  boiling.  Boil  to 
Oij,  and  strain.  Pharm.  L.)  It  is  nutritive  and 
demulcent,  and  is  chiefly  used  iis  a  common  drinlc, 
and  in  glysters. 

Decoc'tum  Hordei  Compos'itum,  Decoctum 
pectora'le,  Ptisana  commu'nis ;  Compound  De- 
coction of  Barley,  (F.)  Decoction  d'Orge  covi- 
posee.  {Decoct,  hord.  Oij,  carica  frvct.  concis. 
5ij,  glycyrrh.  rad.  concis.  et  contus.  ^ss,  uxHirum 
pass,  demptis  acinis.  5ij,  aq-ua  Oj.  Boil  to  Oij, 
and  strain.  Pharm.  L.)  It  has  similar  proper- 
ties to  the  last. 

Decoctum  Kin^  Kin^  CoMPOs'puM  et 
Laxans,  Decoction  de  quinquina  corripoaee  et 
laxative;  Compound  lar'afive  decoction  of  Cin- 
chona. {Cort.  cinchon.  ^j,  aqua  Oij.  Boil  for  a 
quarter  of  an  hour,  remove  it  from  the  fire;  then 
infuse  in  it  for  half  an  hour,  fd.jcnncR,  soda 
sulph.  aa  ^'j  '•  add  ayru2)  de  senna  f^j.)  Its  title 
indicates  its  properties. 

Decoctum  Liche'nis,  Decoctum  Lichc'nis  Is- 
lan'dici ;  Decoction  of  Liv'erirort.  {Lichen  ^j, 
aquaOiss.  Boil  to  a  pint,  and  strain.  Pharm.  l^.) 
It  consists  of  bitter  extractive  and  fecula,  dis- 
solved in  water,  and  its  operation  is  tonic  and 
demulcent.  Dose,  f^j  to  ^^iv.  It  is  also  nu- 
trient, but  hardly  worthy  of  the  rank  of  an  offi- 
cinal preparntion. 

Decoctum  LiGXonuM,  D.  Guaiaci  compositum. 

Decoctum  Malv^e  Compos'itum,  Decoctum 
pro  enem'ate.  Decoctum  commn'ne  pro  dyste're  ; 
Compound  Decoction  of  Malloic,  (F.)  Decoction 
de  Mauve  com.posce,     {Malva  exaicc,  3J,  anthe- 


DECOCTUM 


27? 


DECUSSATION 


mid.  flor.  exsice.  §ss,.  aqum  Oj.  Boil  for  fifteen 
minutes  and  strain.)  It  consists  of  bitter  ex- 
tractive, and  mucilage  in  water,  and  is  chiefly 
used  for  clysters  and  fomentations.  It  is  un- 
TTorthy  a  place  in  the  pharmacopoeias. 

Decoctum  Mezerei,  D.  daphnes  mezerei — d. 
Pectorale,  D.  hordei  compositum. 

Decoctdm  Papav'eris,  Decoc'twn  })ro  Fo- 
men'to,  Fotus  cummu'nis ;  Decoction  of  Popfy. 
(Papav.  somnif.  capRid.  eoncis.  ^ix,  aqucB  Oiv. 
Boil  for  fifteen  minutes,  and  strain.  Pharm.  L.) 
It  contains  the  narcotic  principle  of  the  poppy, 
and  mucilage  in  water:  is  anodyne  and  emol- 
lient, and  employed  as  such  in  fomentation,  in 
painful  swellings,  ulcers,  &c. 

Decoctum  Polygaljs  Seseg^,  D.  Senegas. 

Decoctum  Quercds  Alb^e,  B.  Qaerctis  Eo'- 
horis ;  Decoction  of  White  Oalz  Bark.  (QuercCls 
cort.  ^j,  aqiicB  Oiss.  Boil  to  a  pint,  and  strain. 
Pharm.  U.  S.)  It  is  astringent,  and  used  as 
Bueh,  in  injections,  in  leucorrhoea,  uterine  hemor- 
rhage, &c.,  as  well  as  in  the  form  of  fomentation 
to  unhealthy  ulcers. 

Decoctum  Sarsapauil'l.e,  D.  Smi'lacis  Sar- 
saparillce  ;  Decoction  of  Sarsaparilla.  [Sarsa- 
2>arill.  rad.  eoncis.  ^iv,  aq.  fervent.  Oir.  Mace- 
rate for  four  hours,  near  the  fire,  in  a  lightly 
covered  vessel;  then  bruise  the  rootj  macerate 
again  for  two  hours;  then  boil  to  Oij,  and  strain. 
Pharm.  L.)-  It  cpntains  bitter  extractive,  and 
mucilage  in  water ;  is  demulcent,  and  has  been 
used,  although  it  is  doubtful  with  what  efiieacy, 
in  the  sequelae  of  syphilis.     Dose,  f^iv  to  Oss. 

Decoctum  Sarsaparillje  Compos'itum;  Oom- 
poiind  Decoction  of  Saraaparil'la,  (P.)  Decoction 
lie  SalsnpnreiUe  Compos^e.  (Saraaparill.  eoncis. 
et  contus.  ^vj,  iSassafr.  Cort.  eoncis.,  Liijn.  Guaiac. 
rasur.,  Rad.  Glycyrrkiz.  contus.  aa  ^^j,  Mezerei, 
eoncis.  3'^'  ^?"CE  Oiv.  Boil  fifteen  minutes,  and 
strain.  Pharm.  U.  S.)  This  is  considered  to  be 
possessed  of  analogous  properties  to  the  celebrated 
Lisbon  Diet-Drink,  Decoc'tuni  Litsitan'icum,  which 
it  resembles  in  composition. 

Decoctum  Scill^, :  Decoction  of  Squill. 
(S'cillcB,  Jiij,  jumper,  ^ir,  Seiisr/w,  ^iij,  Aqva, 
Oir.  Boil  till  one  half  the  liquor  is  consumed ; 
strain,  and  add  spirit  of  nitrous  ether,  f^iv. 
Former  Pharm.  U.  S.)     Dose,  f^ss. 

Decoctum  Sen'eg^,  D.  Polyg'alm  Senega ; 
Decoction  of  Senega.  {Seneg.  cont.  ^j,  aqnes 
Oiss.  Boil  to  Oj,  and  strain.  Ph.  U.  S.)  It  is 
reputed  to  be  diuretic,  purgative,  and  stimulant, 
a.^d  has  been  given  in  dropsy,  rheumatism,  <fec. 

Decoctum  Smilacis  Sarsaparilla,  D.  sarsa- 
parillse — d.  Sudorifieum,  D.  Guaiaci  compositum. 

Decoctum  Tarax'aci,  Decoction  of  Dandelion. 
(Taraxae.  contus.  §ij,  aqitee  Oij.  Boil  to  a  pint, 
and  strain.     Ph.  K  iS"-)     Dose,  f^iss. 

Decoctum  Ulmi,  D.  Ulmi  Camjjes'tris;  Decoc- 
tion of  Elm  Bark.  {Ulmi  cort.  recent,  cont.  §iv, 
a,qu(B  Oiv.  Boil  to  Oij,  and  strain.  Pharm.  L.) 
It  is  a  reputed  diuretic,  and  has  been  used  in 
Irtpra  and  herpes ;  but,  probably,  has  no  efficacy. 
Dose,  f§iv  to  Oss. 

Decoctum  Ut^  Ursi,  Decoction  of  uva  ursi. 
{Uv(B  ursi-  3J,  aqucB,  f^xx.  Boil  to  a  pint  and 
strain.     Ph.  U.  S.)     Dose,  f^iss. 

Decoctum  Vera'tri,  Decoctum  HelleVori  alhi; 
Decoction  of  White  Hellebore.  ( Veratri  rad. 
cont.  ^j,  aqua  Oij,  spir.  rec.  f^ij.  Boil  the  wa- 
tery decoction  to  Oj,  and,  when  it  is  cold,  add 
the  spirit.  Pharr,i.  L.)  It  is  stimulant,  acrid, 
and  cathartic ;  but  is  used  only  externally.  It 
is  a  useful  wash  in  tinea  capitis,  psora,  &c. 
Should  it  excite  intense  pain  on  being  applied,  it 
must  be  diluted. 

Decoc'tum  Zittman'ni,  Zitt'mann's  Decoction. 
A  most  absurd  farrago,  ext-oUed  by  Theden  in 
JS 


venereal  diseases,  the  formula  for  which,  accord- 
ing to  Jourdan,  "some  blockheads  have  lately 
reproduced  among  us  as  a  novelty."  It  is  com- 
posed of  sarsaparilla,  pidvis  stypticus,  calomel 
and  cinnabar,  boiled  in  ivafer  with  aniseed,  fennel 
seed,  and  liquorice,  root.  A  stronger  and  a  weal.fr 
decoction  were  directed  by  Zittmann.  Formiilie 
for  its  preparation  are  contained  in  Jourdan's 
Pharmacopoeia  Universalis;  and  in  Lincke's  Voll- 
standiges  Eecept-Taschenbuch.     Leipz.,  1841. 

DEC0LLE3IENT,  (F.)  Deglutina'tio,  Regbi- 
tina'tio,  (from  de  and  caller,  'to  glue.')  The 
state  of  an  organ  that  is  separated  from  the  sur- 
rounding parts,  owing  to  destruction  of  the  areo- 
lar membrane  which  united  them.  The  skin 
is  decollee,  i.  e.  separated  from  the  subjacent 
parts,  by  a  burn,  subcutaneous  abscess,  &c. 

DECOLLEMENT  DU  PLACENTA  is  the 
separation  or  detachment  of  the  whole  or  a  jiart 
of  the  placenta  from  the  inner  surface  of  the  ute- 
rus. Decollement,  from  de,  'from,'  and  collum, 
'  the  neck,'  obtrunea'tio,  also  means  the  separa- 
tion of  the  head  of  the  foetus  from  the  trunk,  the 
latter  remaining  in  the  uterus. 

DECOLORA'TION,    Decolora'tio,  Discolora'-  ' 
tic,  from   de,   '  from,'  and  colorare,  '  to  colour.' 
Loss  of  the  natural  colour;    Paravhro'sis.     De- 
void of  colour — Achroma'sia. 

In  Pharmacy,  any  process  by  which  liquids, 
01*  solids  in  solution,  are  deprived  wholly  or 
in  part  of  their  colour, — as  by  bringing  them  in 
contact  with  animal  charcoal. 

DECOMPOSEE,  (F.)  from  de,  'from,'  and 
componere,  'to  compose.'  Decompo'sed,  Disso- 
lu'tus.  An  epithet,  applied  to  the  face  when  ex- 
tensively changed  in  its  expression  and  colour ; 
as  in  the  choleric  or  moribund. 

DECORTICA'TION,  from  de,  'from,'  and 
cortex,  '  bai-k.'  An  operation,  which  consists  in 
separating  the  bark  from  roots,  stalks,  &e. 

DECOS'TIS,  Apleu'ros,  from  de,  priv.,  and 
casta,  '  a  rib.'     One  who  has  no  ribs.. 

DECEEMENTUM,  Decline. 

DECREP'ITUDE,  Decrcpitu'do,  JStas  de- 
crep'ita,  Ul'tima  senec'tus,  Senec'ta  decrep'ita 
seu  extre'ma  sou  summa  seu  id'fima,  from  decre- 
pitus,  (de,  and  crepare,  'to  creak,')  'very  old.' 
The  last  period  of  old  age,  and  of  human  life ; 
which  ordinarily  occurs  about  the  eightieth  year. 
It  may,  however,  be  accelerated  or  protracted. 
Its  character  consists  in  the  progressive  series 
of  phenomena  which  announce  the  approaching 
extinction  of  life. 

DECRETORII  DIES,  Critical  days. 

DECU'BITUS,  from  decumbere,  (de,  and  cum- 
bere,  '  to  lie,')  '  to  lie  down.'  Guba'tio.  Lying 
down.  Assuming  the  horizontal  posture,  cu'hitus 
snpi'nus  ;  (F.)  Gaucher.  Hord  decubitus,  'at  bed 
time.'  The  French  sa}'  —  Decubitus  horizontal, 
sur  le  dos,  snr  le  cote,  for,  lying  in  the  horizontal 
posture,  on  the  back  or  side. 

DECURTA'TUS,  ftttovpou  or  /tctovpi^wv,  from 
de,  and  curtm,  'short,'  'shortened,  curtailed,' 
'running  to  a  point.'  "When  applied  to  the  pulse, 
it  signifies  a  progressive  diminution  in  the  strength 
of  the  arterial  pulsations,  which,  at  last,  cease. 
If  the  pulsations  return  and  gradually  acquire  all 
their  strength,  it  is  called  Pulsus  deovrta'tus  re- 
cip'rocus. — Galen. 

DECUSSA'TION,  Decussa'tio,  Chias'wos,  Tn- 
crucia'tin,  Jntersec'tio,  Tntricatu'ra,  from  decnssit, 
that  is,  decern  asses;  also,  the  figure  of  the  letter 
X.  Union  in  the  shape  of  an  X  or  cross.  Ana- 
tomists use  this  term  chiefly  in  the  case  of  the 
nerves — as  the  decnssalion  of  the  optic  «ene», 
which  cross  each  other  within  ^lie  cranium. 


DECUSSORIUM 


274 


DEGREE 


DECUSSO'RIUM,  from  decutio,  (de,  and  qun- 
iio,)  'I  shake  down.'  An  instrument  used  by  the 
Bnoients,  for  depressing  the  dura  mater,  and  faci- 
litating the  exit  of  substances  effused  on  or  under 
that  membrane.  It  is  described  by  Scultetus, 
l'av6,  &G.     See  Meningophylax. 

DEDAIGNEUE,  Rectus  superior  oculi, 

DEDENTITION,  see  Dentition. 

DEDOLA'TION,  Dedofa'tiofiomdedolare,  (de, 
and  dolai-e,)  'to  cut  and  hew  with  an  axe.'  This 
word  has  been  used  by  surgeons  to  express  the 
action  by  which  a  cutting  instrument  divides  ob- 
liquely any  part  of  the  body,  and  produces  a 
wound  with  loss  of  substance.  It  is  commonly 
on  the  head,  that  wounds  by  dedolation  are  ob- 
served. When  there  was  a  complete  separation 
of  a  portion  of  the  bone  of  the  cranium,  the  an- 
cients called  it  Aposceparnis' mus. 

DEERBERRY,  Gaultheria,  Vaccinium  stami- 
neum. 

DEERFOOD,  Brasenia  hydropeltis. 

DEERS'  TEARS,  Bezoar  of  the  Deer. 

DEFAILLANCE,  Syncope. 

DEFEC A'TION,  Befaca'tio,  from  de,  and/aces, 
'excrements.'  The  act  by  which  the  excrement 
i,s  extruded  from  the  body.  Caca'tio,  Excre'tio 
alvi,  E.  alii'na,  E.  fcBCum  alvina'riim,  Dejec'tio 
alvi,  Seces'sio,  Expid'sio  vel  Ejec'tio  /cp.cimi, 
Apago'ge,  Jli/pochore'sis,  Ecchorc'nis,  Eccopi-o'sis, 
Eges'tio.  The  faeces  generally  accumulate  in  the 
colon,  being  prevented  by  the  annulus  at  the  top 
of  the  rectum  from  descending  freely  into  that 
intestine.  In  producing  evacuations,  therefore, 
in  obstinate  constipation,  it  is  well,  by  means  of 
a  long  tube,  to  throw  the  injection  into  the  colon, 
as  suggested  by  Dr.  O'Beirne. 

In  Pharmacy,  defecation  means  the  separation 
of  any  substance  from  a  liquid  in  which  it  may 
be  suspended.     See  Clarification. 

DEFECTIO  ANIMI,  Syncope. 

DEFECTUS  LOQUEL^,  Aphonia— d.  Ve- 
neris, Anaphrodisia. 

DEFENSI'VUM,  from  defenderc,  (de,  and /cn- 
dere,)  'to  defend.'  A  preservative  or  defence. 
The  old  surgeons  gave  this  name  to  different 
local  applications,  made  to  diseased  parts,  for  the 
purpose  of  guarding  them  from  the  impression 
of  extraneous  bodies,  and  particularly  from  the 
contact  of  air. 

DEF'ERENS,  from  defero,  (de,  and/erre,)  'I 
bear  away,'  '  I  transport.' 

Deferens,  Vas,  Ductus  seu  Cnna'lis  deferenn, 
■Vibra'tor,  (F.)  Conduit  spennatique,  Conduit  de- 
ferent, is  the  excretory  canal  of  the  sperm,  which 
arises  from  the  epididymis,  describes  numerous 
convolutions,  and  with  the  vessels  and  nerves  of 
the  testicle  concurs  in  the  formation  of  the  sper- 
matic chord,  enters  the  abdominal  ring,  and  ter- 
jiiinatas  in  the  eiaculatory  duct. 

DEFIBRINATION,  see  Defibrinized. 

DEFIB'RINIZED,  (F.)  Defibrine.  Deprived 
of  fibrin.  A  term  applied  to  blood  from  which 
the  fibrin  has  been  removed,  as  by  whipping. 
The  act  of  removing  fibrin  from  the  blood  has 
been  termed  defibrination. 

DEFIGURATIO,  Deformation. 

DEFLAGRA'TION,  Befaf/ra'tio,  from  defln- 
<.>rare,  (de,  and  flarjrare,  'to  burn,')  'to  sot  on 
fire.'  In  pharmacy,  the  rap'd  combustion  of  a 
Fubstance  with  flame ;  great  elevation  of  tcnipo- 
raturo;  violent  motion,  and  more  or  loss  noise. 
Thus,  we  speak  of  tho  deflagration  of  nitrate, 
and  of  chlorate,  of  potasaa,  of  gunpowder,  &c. 

DEFLECTENS,  Derivative. 

DEFLECTIO,  Derivation. 
DEFLORATION,  Stuprum. 

Deplora'tion,  Bf./lura'tio,  Dcvircjina'tio,  Vir- 
g'n'itaa  dejlora'tn,  fr'/m  dejloreaecre,  (de,  aiid^^o- 


rescere,)  'to  shed  flowers.'  .The  act  of  depriving 
a  female  of  her  virginity.  Inspection  of  the  parts 
is  the  chief  criterion  of  defloration  having  been 
forcibly  accomplishedj  yet  inquiry  must  be  made, 
whether  the  injury  may  not  have  been  caused  by 
another  body  than  the  male  organ.  JRecent  dc- 
Jlorntion  is  infinitely  more  easy  of  detection  than 
where  some  time  has  elapsed. 

DEFLUVIUM,  Aporrhoea  — d.  Pilorum,  Alo- 
pecia. 

DEFLUXIO,  Catarrh,  Diarrhoea— d.  Catarrha- 
lis.  Influenza. 

DEFLUX'ION,  JDeflnx'io,  Bejlvx'm,  Catnr'- 
rliysis,  Hypior'rhysis,  Catar'rliv,8.  A  falling  down 
of  humours  from  a  superior  to-  an  inferior  part« 
It  is  sometimes  used  synonymously  with  inflam- 
mation. 

DEFLUXUS  DYSENTERICUS,  Dysentery. 

DEFORMA'TION,  Deforma'fio,  Cacomor'phia, 
Cacomorpho'sis,  By-imor'pjhe,  Bysmor'pMa,  Dy6~ 
morpho'iiis,  Befurm'ilas,  Befigura'tio,  Bisfigura'- 
tion,  Beform'ity,  Liform'itas,  (F.)  Bifformiti, 
from  de,  and  forma.  Morbid  alteration  in  the 
form  of  some  part  of  the  body,  as  of  the  head, 
pelvis,  spine,  &c.  A  deformity  may  be  natural 
or  accidental. 

DE'FRUTUM,  (F.)  Vin  cut*, from  defrutare,  'to 
boil  new  wine.'  Grape  must,  boiled  down  to  one- 
half  and  used  as  a  sweetmeat.  —  Plin.  Columell. 
Isidor.     See  Rob. 

DEFUSIO,  Decantation. 

DEGENERATIO,  Degeneration  —  d.  Adiposa 
Cordis,  Steatosis  cordis. 

DEGENERA'TION,  Begeneratio,  Notheu'sif, 
Nothi'a,  from  degener,  'unlike  one's  ancestors,' 
(de,  and  geniw,  'family,')  Begen'eracy,  (F.)  Ala- 
tnrdissement.  A  change  for  the  worse  in  the  in- 
timate composition  of  the  solids  or  fluids  of  the 
body.  In  pathological  anatomy,  degeneration 
moans  the  change  which  occurs  in  the  structure 
of  an  organ,  when  transformed  into  a  matter  es- 
sentially morbid;  as  a  cancerous,  or  tubercular, 
degeneration. 

Begenerescence  is,  by  the  French  pathologists, 
employed  synonymously  with  Degeneration. 

BEGENERESCENCE,  Degeneration  — 
d.  Graissevse  dti  Foie,  Adiposis  hepatica — d.  Gra- 
nnlee  du  Rein,  Kidney,  Bright's  disease  of  the— 
d.  Noire,  Melanosis. 

DEGLUTINATIO,  BicoUement. 

DEGLUTITIO,  Deglutition— d.  Difficilis,  Dys- 
phagia— d.  Impedita,  Dysphagia — d.  Lajsa,  Dys- 
ph.agia. 

DEGLUTIT"IO]Sr,  Beghitit"io,  Catap'osis, 
from  de,  and  glutire,  '  to  swallow.'  The  act  by 
which  substances  are  passed  from  the  mouth  into 
the  stomach,  through  the  pharynx  and  oesopha- 
gus. It  is  one  of  a  complicated  character,  and 
requires  the  aid  of  a  considerable  number  of 
muscles ;  the  first  steps  being  voluntary,  tho  re- 
mainder executed  under  spinal  and  involuntary 
nervous  influence. 

DEGMUS,  Bexia,  Moraus,  (F.)  Morsitre,  —  a 
bite  in  gener.al,  from  (JaKiu,  'I  bite.'  A  gnawing 
sensation  about  tho  upper  orifice  of  the  stomach, 
which  was  once  attributed  to  acrimony  of  the 
lii'uids  contained  in  that  viscus. 

BEG  OR  GEMENT,  Disgorgement. 

BEG  OUT,  Disgust. 

DEGREE',  from  degrf,  originally  from  grniltm, 
'a  step.'  A  title  conferred  by  a  college, — as  the 
'  degree  of  Doctor  of  Medicine.'  Galen  used  this 
expression  to  indicate  the  qualities  of  certain 
drugs.  Both  he  and  his  school  admitted  rold, 
worm,  vioint,  find  dry  medicines,  and  four  diftcr- 
ent  'degrees'  of  each  of  those  qualities.  TliU8, 
Apium  was  warm  in  the  firf:t  degree,  Agrimony 


BEGUSTATION 


275 


DELPHINIUM 


In  the  second,  Roche  Alum  in  the  tMrd,  and  Gar- 
lie  in  the  fourth.  Bedegar  was  cold  in  the  first, 
the  flower  of  the  Pomegranate  in  the  second,  the 
Sempervivum  in  the  third,  Opium  in  the  fourth, 
Ac.  The  French  use  the  term  dec/re  to  indicate, 
1.  The  intensity  of  an  affection  :  as  a  burn  of  the 
first,  second,  third  degree,  &e.  2.  The  particular 
stage  of  an  incurable  disease,  as  the  third  degree 
of  phthisis,  cancer  of  the  stomach,  &c. 

DEGUSTA'TION,  Degusta'tio,  from  de,  and 
gustare,  'to  taste.'  Gustation.  The  appreciation 
of  sapid  qualities  by  the  gustatory  organs. 

DEICTICOS,  Index. 

DEIRONCUS,  Bronchocele. 

DEJECTEDNESS,  Depression. 

DEJECTIO  ALVI,  Defecation  —  d.  Alvina, 
Excrement. 

DEJECTION,  from  dejicere,  defectum,  (de, 
a.n6.  jacere,)  'to  cast  down.'  Dejec'tio,  Subdiic'tio, 
Hypago' ge,  Hypochore'sis,  Hypecchore'sis,  Apop'- 
atus,  Hypop' atus,  ffypoph'ora.  The  expulsion  of 
the  fteces ; — EJec'tio,  Eges'tio.  Also,  a  fajcal  dis- 
charge or  stool, — generally,  however,  with  alvine 
prefixed, — as  an  alvine  Dejection,  Alvus  vir'idis, 
Dejectio  alvi'na.     Also,  depression  of  spirits. 

DEJECTIONES  NIGRJE,  Melaena. 

DEJECTORIUM,  Cathartic. 

DELACHRYMATIO,  Epiphora. 

DELACHRYMATIVUS,  Apodacrytieus. 

DELAPSIO,  Prolapsus. 

DELAPSUS,  Prolapsus— d.  Palpebrse,  Blepha- 
roptosis. 

DELATIO,  Indication. 

BEL  A  YANTS,  Diluentia. 

DELCROIX'S  DEPILATORY,  see  Depila- 
tory, CoUey's. 

DELETE'RIOUS,  Delete'riua,  Pernicio'sus, 
(F.)  Pernicieux,  from  Srj^eto,  'I  injure.'  That 
which  produces  destructive  disorder  in  the  exer- 
cise and  harmony  of  the  functions. 

DELETERIUM,  Poison. 

DELIGATIO,  Deligation,  Ligature,  see  Ban- 
dage. 

DELIGA'TION,  Deliga'tio,  Epidei'sis,  Deli- 
gatttJra,  Vul'nerum  deliga'tio,  Fascia'riim  Appli- 
ca'tio,  Plaga'rum  Vinctu'ra,  Fascia'tio,  from  de- 
ligare,  (de,  and  ligo,)  'to  bind.'  The  deligation 
of  wounds  formerly  embraced  the  application  of 
apparatus,  dressings,  &o.,  —  the  denomination 
Deliga'tor  Plaga'rum  being  synonymous  with 
Medieus  Vulnera'rius,  and  in  derivation,  with  the 
Wundarzt,  '  wound  physician'  or  surgeon,  of  the 
Germans.  Deligation  is  hardly  ever  used  now  as 
an  English  word.  In  France,  it  is  applied  to  the 
regular  and  methodical  application  of  bandages, 
and  to  the  ligature  of  arteries. 

DELIGATURA,  Deligation. 

DELIQUES'CENT,  Deliques'cens,  from  deli- 
quescere,  (de,  and  liqnescere,)  'to  melt,'  'to  dis- 
solve.' Any  salt  which  becomes  liquid  by  attract- 
ing moisture  from  the  air.  The  deliquescent 
salts  require  to  be  kept  in  bottles,  well  stopped. 
Chloride  of  lime,  acetate  of  potassa,  and  carbonate 
of  potassa,  are  examples  of  such  salts.  The  an- 
cient chemists  expressed  the  condition  of  a  body, 
which  had  become  liquid  in  this  manner,  by  the 
ivord  Deliquium. 

DELIQUIUM  ANIMI,  Syncope. 

DELIRANS,  Delirious. 

DE  LIB  ANT,  Delirious. 

DELIRATIO,  Delirium  — d.  Senum,  see  De- 
mentia. 

DELIRE,  Delirium — d.  Crapuleux,  Delirium 
tremens — d.  Treniblant,  Delirium  tremens. 
DELIRIA,  Insanity. 

DELIR'IOUS.  Same  etymon  as  Deliriuii. 
Deli'rans,    Deli'rus,    Exc'^eb'^a'tus,    Alloch'o'ds, 


Alie'nu«,Parale'rus,  Raving.  (F.)  Delirant.  One 
who  is  in  a  state  of  delirium.  That  which  is  at- 
tended by  delirium.  The  French  use  the  term 
Fievre  pernicieuse  delirante  for  a  febrile  inter- 
mittent, in  which  delirium  is  the  predominant 
symptom. 

DELIR'IUM,  from  de,  'from,'  and  lira,  'a 
ridge  between  two  furrows  :'  Parae'ope,  Phreni'- 
tis,  Phledoni'a,  Desipien'tia,  Aphros'yne,  Para- 
lere'ma,  Paralere'sis,  Paralog"ia,  Phanta'sia, 
Paraphros'yne,  Emo'tio,  Leros,  Paranoe'a,  Al- 
loph'asis,  Delira'tio,  ( F. )  Delire,  Egarement 
d'esprit,  &c..  Transport,  Ideosynchysie.  Stray- 
ing from  the  rules  of  reason  ;  wandering  of  the 
mind.  Hippocrates  used  the  word  fiavia,  mania, 
for  delirium  sine  febre,  and  the  Greek  words 
given  above  for  delirium  cum  febre.  In  diflerent 
authors,  also,  we  find  the  words.  Paraph' ora,  Pa- 
raph'rotes.  Par  aphrene'sis,P  araphren'ia,Ph.r  ene'  - 
sis,  Phreneti'asis,  <fec.,  for  different  kinds  of  deli- 
rium.    Delirium  is  usually  symptomatic. 

Delirium  Ebriositatis,  D.  tremens  —  d.  Epi- 
leptic, see  Epilepsy  —  d.  Furiosum,  Mania  —  d. 
Maniacum,  Mania — d.  Potatorum,  D.  tremens — - 
d.  Tremifaciens,  D.  tremens. 

Delirium  Senile,  see  Dementia. 
Delirium  Tremens,  lla'nia  d  PotHl,  CEnoma'- 
nia,  Ma'nia  e  tennden'tid,  D.  potato'rum,  D.  ebri- 
osita'tis,  D.  tremifa'ciens,  D.  vig"ilans,  Erethis'- 
mns  ebrioso'rum,  Dipsoma'nia,  3Ieningi'tis  sen 
Phreni'tis  potato'rum,  Tromoma'nia,  Tromopara- 
noe'a,  Potoparanos'a,  Pototromoparance'a,  (F.) 
Encepihalopathie  crapuleuse,  Delire  tremblant,  D. 
crapuleux,  Folie  des  Ivrognes.  A  state  of  deli- 
rium and  agitation,  peculiar  to  those  addicted  to 
spirituous  liquors,  with  great  sleeplessness.  It  is 
preceded  by  indisposition,  lassitude,  watchful- 
ness, headach,  and  anorexia;  the  delirium  and 
tremors  most  commonly  recurring  in  paroxysms. 
It  is  caused  by  the  habitual  and  intemperate  use 
of  ardent  spirits  or  of  opium  or  tobacco  ;  or  rather 
by  abandoning  them  after  prolonged  use.  The 
treatment  is  various.  Many  have  regarded  sti- 
mulants, with  large  doses  of  opium  to  induce 
rest,  to  be  indispensable.  It  is  certain,  however, 
that  the  expectant  system  will  often,  if  not  gene- 
rally, be  successful ;  and,  it  is  probable,  a  cure 
effected  in  this  manner  will  be  more  permanent 
than  when  produced  by  excitants. 
DELIRUS,  Delirious. 
DELITESCENCE,  see  Repercussion. 
DELITESCENTIA,  see  Repercussion. 
DELIVRANCE,  (F.)  An  expression,  which, 
in  common  language,  signifies  the  action  of  deli- 
vering, libera' tio,  but  in  the  practice  of  obstetrics, 
means  the  extrusion  of  the  secundines,  either 
spontaneously  or  by  the  efforts  of  art.  This  com- 
pletion of  delivery — partus  secunda'riiis,  secundi- 
na'rum  expul'sio  vel  extrac'tio,  is  produced  by 
the  same  laws  as  the  expulsion  of  the  foetus. 
Sometimes,  the  after-birth  follows  the  child  im- 
mediately ;  at  others,  it  is  retained ;  and  requires 
manual  interference  to  remove  it.  The  following 
are  the  chief  cases  in  which  this  becomes  neces- 
sary. 1.  Intimate  adhesion  between  the  placenta 
and  paries  of  the  uterus.  2.  Spasmodic  contrat- 
tion  of  the  orifice  of  the  uterus.  3.  Hour-glass 
contraction.  4.  Torpor  or  hemorrhage  after  the 
expulsion  of  the  child,  and, — 5.  Insertion  of  tho 
placenta  at  the  orifice  of  the  uterus. 
DELIVERY,  FALSE,  False  water. 
DELIVRE,  Secundines. 
DELOCATIO,  Luxatio. 

DELPHIN'IUM,  from  Se^is,  or  Sc^<ptv,  'a 
dolphin,'  which  the  flowers  resemble.  D.  con- 
sol'ida  seu  Seg"etnm  seu  T'ersic' (dor,  Calcttra'pa, 
Consol'ida  Rega'lis,  Branching  Larksjpurf  Stacf 


DELPHTS 


276 


DENGUE 


nerioeed.  Family  Ranuncnlaceae.  Sex.  Syst. 
Polyandria  Trigynia.  (F.)  Pied  d'alouette  des 
champs.  It  has  been  employed  as  a  vermifuge. 
The  flowers  have  been  used  in  ophthalmia,  and 
the  seeds  have  the  same  property  as  those  of 
Stavesacre. 

Delphinium  Consolida,  Delphinium  —  d.  Se- 
getum,  Delphinium. 

Delphin'ium  Staphisa'geia.  The  systematic 
name  of  the  Staves'acre,  Staphisagria,  Phthciroc'- 
tonv.m,  Phthei'rium,  Staphis,  Pedicula'ria,  (F.) 
Staphisaigre,  Hcrbe  aux  Poux,  Dauphinelle. 
The  seeds  have  a  disagreeable  smell ;  a  nauseous, 
bitterish,  hot  taste ;  and  are  cathartic,  emetic, 
and  vermifuge :  owing,  however,  to  the  violence 
of  their  operation,  they  are  seldom  given  inter- 
nally, and  are  chiefly  used  in  powder,  mixed  with 
hair  powder,  to  destroy  lice.  The  active  prin- 
ciple of  this  plant  has  been  separated,  and  re- 
ceived the  name  Delphin'ia.  It  is  extremely 
acrid,  and  has  been  recently  used,  like  veratria, 
in  tic  douloureux,  paralysis  and  rheumatism.  It 
is  used  in  the  form  of  ointment,  or  in  solution  in 
alcohol,  (gr.  x  to  xxx,  or  more,  to  ^j,X  applied 
externally. 

DEiiPniN.TTM  Versicolor,  Delphinium. 

DELPHYS,  Uterus,  Vulva. 

DELTA,  Vulva. 

DELTIFORMIS,  Deltoid. 

DELTOID,  BeltoVdea,  Delto'dea,  Deltoidetis, 
Deltiform'is,  from  the  Greek  capital  letter  A, 
isXra,  and  u5og,  'resemblance.'  Sous-acromio- 
clavi-humeral  of  Dumas ;  Sus-acromio-Tiumeral 
of  Chaussier.  A  triangular  muscle  forming  the 
fleshy  part  of  the  shoulder,  and  covering  the 
shoulder-joint.  It  extends  from  the  outer  third 
of  the  clavicle,  from  the  acromion  and  spine  of 
the  scapula,  to  near  the  middle  and  outer  part 
of  the  OS  humeri,  where  it  is  inserted  by  means 
of  a  strong  tendon.  This  muscle  raises  the  arm 
directly  upwards,  when  th«  shoulder  is  iixed,  and 
carries  it  anteriorly  or  posteriorly,  according  to 
the  direction  of  the  fibres,  which  are  thrown  into 
action.  If  the  arm  be  rendered  immovable,  the 
deltoid  acts  inversely  and  depresses  the  shoulder. 

DELUSION,  Hallucination. 

DEM  EL  MUCA.  A  name  given  by  Prosper 
Alpinus  to  a  disease,  which,  he  says,  is  proper 
to  Egypt.  He  considers  it  to  be  inflammation  of 
the  brain ;  but  others  describe  it  as  a  pernicious 
intermittent. 

DEMAGNETIZA'TION,  Dema^netwa'ao. 
The  act  of  removing  the  condition  of  magneti- 
Ration. 

BEMANGEAISON,  Itching. 

DE^MANUS,  Acheir. 

bMiENCE,  Dementia— tZ.  Innee,  Idiotism. 

DEMENTED,  Insane. 

DEMEN'TIA,  Amen'tia,  Fatu'itas,  Ana' a, 
Anoe'sia,  Deuteranae'a,  Ecnce'a,  Parance'a,  Mo'- 
ria  demens,  No'dstheni' a,  Incohe'rency,  ImheciV- 
ity,  Incohe'rent  Insanity ;  from  de,  '  fVom,'  or 
'out  of,'  and  mens,  'mind,'  or  'reason.'  (F.)  Be- 
mence,  Betise,  In  common  parlance,  and  even 
in  legal  language,  this  word  is  synonymous  with 
insanity.  Physicians,  however,  have  applied  it 
to  those  cases  of  unsound  mind  which  are  cha- 
racterized by  a  total  loss  of  the  faculty  of  '.bought, 
or  by  such  an  imbecility  of  intellee*  that  the 
ideas  are  extremely  incoheren(»>  there  being  at 
the  same  time  a  total  loss  of  the  power  of  rea- 
Koning.  ^  Mania  and  melancholy  are  apt  to  end 
iu  this,  if  possible,  more  depl6rable  state.  Dotage 
is  the  Dementia  of  the  aged — Mo'ria  demens  lere'- 
tna,  Lere'ma,  Lere'nis,  Lerus,  DeUra'tio  Senum, 
Amen'tia  Seni'lis,  Pueril'Has,  Delir'ium  Seni'le, 
Anll'itas,  Senile  Insanity,  Senile  Dementia,  In- 
sanity of  th«  a<feeU — a  form  of  moral  insanity,  in 


which  the  whole  moral  character  of  the  individnai 
is  changed. 

DEMI,  Semi' — d.  Bain,  Semicupium — d.  Epi- 
neux,  Semi-spinalis  colli  —  d.  Epineux  du  dos, 
Semi-spinalis  dorsi  —  d.  Gantelet,  Gantelet  —  d. 
Literosseux  du  ponce,  Plexor  brevis  pollicis  ma- 
nus  —  d.  Lunaire,  Semi-lunar  —  d.  Memhranevx, 
Semi-membranosus  —  d.  Orbicularis,  Orbicularis 
oris  —  d.  Tendinenx,  Semi-tendinosus. 

DEMISSIO  ANIMI,  Depression. 

DEMISSOR,  Catheter. 

DEMODEX  FOLLICULOE.UM,  (%or,  'lard,' 
and  ^T)^,  'a  boring  worm,')  Acarus  folliculorum. 

DEMONOMA'NIA,  DcBmonomania,  Theoma'- 
nia,  Entheoma'nia,  from  iaifiwv,  'demon,'  a  spirit 
of  good  or  evil,  and  fiavia,  'madness.'  Beligious 
insanity.  A  variety  of  madness,  in  which  the 
person  conceives  himself  possessed  of  devils,  and 
is  in  continual  dread  of  malignant  spirits,  the 
pains  of  hell,  &c. 

DEM'ONSTRATOR,  from  demonstrare,  {de 
and  monstrare,)  'to  show;'  'exhibit.'  One  who 
exhibits.     The  index  finger. 

Dem'onstrator  of  Anat'omy.  One  who  ex- 
hibits the  part.s  of  the  human  body.  A  teacher 
of  practical  anatomy. 

DEMOTI'VUS  LAPSUS,  Eepenti'na  mors, 
from  demovere,  (de  and  movere,)  'to  move  oif,' 
'remove,'  and  lapsus,  'a  fall.'     Sudden  death. 

DEMUL'CENTS,  Demuleen'tia,  Involven'tia, 
Ohvolven'tia,  Luhriean'tia,  from  demuleere,  (de 
and  mtilcere,)  'to  soothe,'  'to  assuage.'  (F.) 
Adoncissants.  Medicines  supposed  to  be  capable 
of  correcting  certain  acrid  conditions  imagined 
to  exist  in  the  humours.  Substances  of  a  muci- 
laginous or  saccharine  nature  belong  to  this  class. 
Demulcents  may  act  directly  on  the  jifirts  with 
which  they  come  in  contact;  but  in  other  cases, 
as  in  catarrh,  their  efi"ect  is  produced  by  contigu- 
ous sympathy;  the  top  of  the  larynx  being 
soothed  by  them  first,  and  indirectly  the  inflamed 
portion  of  the  air-passages.  In  diseases  of  the 
urinary  organs,  they  have  no  advantage  over 
simple  diluents.  —  See  Diluents  and  Emollients. 
The  following  are  the  chief  demulcents  ; — Acacifs 
Gummi;  Althasse  Folia  et  Radix;  Amygdalte  ; 
Amylum;  Avenae  Farina;  Cera;  Cetaceum ;  €3-- 
doniae  Semina;  Fucus  Crispus;  Glycyrrhiza ; 
Hordeum;  Lichen;  Linum ;  Olivas  Oleum;  Sas- 
safras Medulla;  Sesamum;  Sevum;  Tragacantha, 
and  Ulmus. 

DEMUSCULA'TUS,  from  de,  and  mnscnhm, 
'a  muscle.'  (E.)  Deeharne.  Emaciated,  de^^id 
of  flesh. 

DENiEUS,  Chronic. 

DENA'RIUS ;  a  Roman  coin,  equal  in  value 
to  about  10  cents,  or  8  pence  English.  It  was 
marked  with  the  letter  X,  to  signify  10  asses. 

Also,  the  7th  part  of  the  Roman  ounce. 

DENDROLIBANUS,  Rosmarinus. 

DENERVATIO,  Aponeurosis. 

DEN'GUE,  Dingec,  Dvnga,  Dandy,  Bouquet 
and  Bucket  Fever,  Bheumatls'mtis  fehri'lis,  Sear- 
lati'na  rhcumat'ica,  Exanthe'sis  arthro'sia,  Plait- 
ta'ria,  Febris  exanthcmat'ica  articula'ris,  (F.)  Gi- 
raffe, Ernp'tive  artie'ular  fever,  E.  rheumat'ic 
fever.  A  disease,  which  first  appeared  in  the  years 
1827  and  1828,  in  the  West  Indies,  and  in  the 
southern  states  of  North  America.  It  was  ex- 
tremely violent  in  its  symptoms,  but  not  often 
fatal.  It  usually  commenced  with  great  languor, 
chilliness,  and  pain  in  the  tendons  about  the 
smaller  joints.  To  these  symptoms  succeeded 
burning  heat  and  redness  of  the  skin,  pains  in 
the  muscles  of  the  limbs  or  in  the  forehead,  with 
vomiting  or  nausea.  The.  fever  continued  for 
one,  two  or  three  days,  and  usually  terminated 
by  copious  perspiration.     In  different  places,  it 


DEISTIACH 


2T7 


DENTIFRICE 


put  on  different  appearances ;  but  seems  in  all  to 
have  been  a  singular  variety  of  rheumatic  fever. 
The  usual  antiphlogistic  treatment  was  adopted, 
and  successfully. 

DENIACH,  MINERAL  WATERS  OP.  De- 
niach  is  a  village  in  Swabia,  at  the  entrance  of 
the  Black  Forest.  The  waters  contain  carbonic 
acid,  carbonate  of  iron,  carbonate  of  lime,  sul- 
phate of  magnesia,  and  carbonate  of  soda. 

DENIGRA'TIO,  from  denigrare,  {de,  and  ni- 
ger,)  'to  become  black.'  The  act  of  becoming 
black,  as  in  cases  of  sphacelus,  sugillation,  &e. 

DENS,  Tooth  —  d.  Leonis,  Leontodon  taraxa- 
cum. 

Dens  Pro'lifer.  A  term  used  by  Bartholin 
for  a  supernumerary  tooth,  which  appears  to 
grow  upon  a  primitive  or  parent  tooth. 

BENT,  Tooth  —  d.  de  Sagesse,  see  Dentition. 

DENTAGOGUM,  Dentagra. 

DEN'TAGRA,  Ben'ticeps,  Dentar'paga,  Denti- 
du'ciurif  Dentic'  ulum,  Beniago'gum,  Benta'lisfor- 
fex,  For/ex  denta'ria,  Odonthar'paga,  Odon'ta- 
gra,  Odontago'gon,  from  dens,  '  a  tooth,'  and  aypd) 
'a  seizure.'     (E.)  Davier,     A  tooth-forceps. 

DENTAL,  Benta'lis,  Benta'rius,  Denta'tus, 
Benticula'tus,  from  dens,  '  a  tooth.'  That  which 
doncerns  the  teeth.     See  Dentiformis. 

Dental  Arches,  (F.)  Arcades  dentaires,  are 
the  arches  formed  by  the  range  of  alveoli  in  each 
jaw. 

Dental  Ar'teries  are  those  arteries  which 
nourish  the  teeth.  They  proceed  from  several 
sources.  The  teeth  of  the  upper  jaw,  e.  g.,  re- 
ceive their  arteries  from  the  infraorbitar  and 
superior  alveolar, — themselves  branches  of  the 
internal  maxillary.  The  teeth  of  the  lower  jaw 
receive  their  branches  from  the  inferior  dental 
or  inferior  maxillary,  which  is  given  off  by  the 
internal  maxillary,  and  runs  through  the  dental 
canal,  issuing  at  the  mental  foramen,  after  hav- 
ing given  numerous  ramifications  to  the  teeth 
and  jaw. 

Dental  Canals,  (F.)  Conduits  dentaires,  Max' - 
illary  canals.  The  bony  canals,  through  which 
the  vessels  and  nerves  pass  to  the  interior  of  the 
teeth. 

Dental  Car'tilage,  Cartila'go  denta'Us.  The 
cartilaginous  elevation,  divided  by  slight  fissures, 
on  the  biting  margins  of  the  gums  in  infants, 
prior  to  dentition.    It  is  a  substitute  for  the  teeth. 

Dental  Cav'ity,  (F.)  Cavite  dentaire.  A  ca- 
vity in  the  interior  of  the  teeth  in  which  is  situate 
the  dental  pulp. 

Dental  Fol'licle,  Follic'ulus  Dentis,  Cap'sida 
dentis,  (F.)  Follicule  dentaire.  A  membranous 
follicle,  formed  of  a  double  lamina,  in  which  the 
teeth  are  contained  before  they  issue  from  the 
alveoli,  and  which,  consequently,  aids  in  the  for- 
mation of  the  alveolo-dental  periosteum,  and  of 
the  membrane  that  envelops  the  pulp  of  the  teeth. 
The  dental  follicles  are  lodged  in  the  substance 
of  the  jaws. 

Dental  Gangrene,  Caries  Ben'tium,  Odon- 
talg"  ia  cario'sa,  Odontonecro' sis,  Odontosphacel'- 
isis,  Odontosphacelis'mus,  Neero'sis  Ben'titcm, 
(F.)  Carie  des  Bents.  Gangrene  or  caries  of  the 
teeth.     See  Caries. 

Dental  Nerves,  (F.)  Nerfs  dentaires.  Nerves 
which  pass  to  the  teeth.  Those  of  the  upper  in- 
cisors and  canine  are  furnished  by  the  infra-or- 
bitar  nerve,  a  branch  of  the  superior  maxillary ; 
and  those  of  the  molares  by  the  trunk  of  the 
same  nerve.  The  teeth  of  the  lower  jaw  receive 
the  nerves  from  the  inferior  maxillary,  which,  as 
well  as  the  superior  maxillary,  arises  from  the 
5th  pair. 

Dental  Pulp,  Pidpa  sen  Nu'cleus  seu  Suh- 
stan'tia  palpo'aa   dentis,   Germen   denta'le,   (F.) 


Pulpe  dentaire.  A  pultaceous  substance,  of  a 
reddish-gray  colour,  very  soft  and  sensible,  which 
fills  the  cavity  of  the  teeth.  It  is  well  supplied 
with  capillary  vessels. 

Dental  Surgeon,  Dentist. 

Dental  Veins  have  a  similar  distribution  with 
the  arteries. 

DBNTALIS,  Odontoid— d.  Forfex,  Dentagra. 

DENTA'LIUM,  from  dens,  'a.  tooth,'  the  dog- 
like tooth  shell.  A  genus  of  shells  in  the  shape 
of  a  tooth.  They  formerly  entered  into  several 
pharmaceutical  preparations,  but  were  useless 
ingredients  ;  consisting — like  shells  in  general — 
of  carbonate  of  lime  and  gelatin. 

DENTARIA,  Anthemis  Pyrethrum,  Plumbago 
Europsea. 

DENTARIUS,  Dentist. 

DENTARPAGA,  Dentagra. 

DENTATA  VERTEBRA,  Axis. 

DENTATUS,  Dental. 

DENTELARIA,  Plumbago  Europaea. 

BEN  TELE  ANTERIEUB  PETIT,  Peeto- 
ralis  minor — d.  Grand,  Serratus  magnus — d.  Pos- 
terieur  et  inferieur,  petit,  Serratus  posticus  infe- 
rior—  d.  Superieur,  petit,  Serratus  posticus  su- 
perior. 

DENTES,  Teeth,  see  Tooth  — d.  Angulares, 
Canine  teeth— -d.  Canini,  Canine  teeth  —  d.  Cla- 
vales.  Molar  teeth — d.  Columellares,  Canine  teeth 
-=— d.  Ctenes,  Incisive  teeth — d.  Cuspidati,  Canine 
teeth  —  d.  Dichasteres,  Incisive  teeth — d.  Gela- 
sini.  Incisive  teeth — d.  Gomphii,  Molar  teeth — 
d.  Incisores,  Incisive  teeth — d.  Lactei,  see  Denti- 
tion—  d.  Laniarii,  Canine  teeth  —  d.  Maxillares, 
Molar  teeth — d.  Molares,  Molar  teeth  —  d.  Mor- 
dentes.  Canine  teeth — d.  Oculares,  Canine  teeth — 
d.  Prim  ores.  Incisive  teeth  —  d.  Rasorii,  Incisive 
teeth  —  d.  Sapientise,  see  Dentition — d.  Serotini, 
see  Dentition — d.  Sophroretici,  see  Dentition — d. 
Sophronista3,  see  Dentition — d.  Sophronisteres, 
see  Dentition — d.  Tomici,  Incisive  teeth. 

DENTICEPS,  Dentagra. 

DENTICULA'TUM,  {Ligamentum,)  diminu- 
tive of  dens,  '  a  tooth.'  Ligamen'tum  denta'tum, 
Membra'na  denta'ta.  A  slender  cord,  situate  be- 
tween the  anterior  and  posterior  fasciculi  of  the 
spinal  nerves,  and  between  the  tunica  arachnoi- 
dea  and  pia  mater.  It  is  attached  to  the  duia 
mater,  where  that  membrane  issues  from  the  cra- 
nium, and  accompanies  the  spinal  marrow  to  its 
inferior  extremity.  It  sends  off,  from  its  outer 
edge,  about  twenty  slender  processes,  in  the  form 
of  denticuli,  each  of  which  passes  outwards  and 
connects  itself  with  the  dura  mater  in  the  inter- 
vals between  the  anterior  and  posterior  roots  of 
the  nerves. 

DENTICULATUS,  DentaL 

DENTICULUM,  Dentagra. 

DENTICULUS,  Crena. 

DENTIDUCUM,  Dentagra. 

BENTIER,  (F.)  from  dens,  'a  tooth.'  Ben- 
ture.  A  set  or  row  of  teeth,  mounted  on  metal 
or  ivory,  to  be  adjusted  to  the  alveolar  margin. 
Bentiers  are  simple  or  double.  To  the  latter,  that 
is,  to  the  full  set.  the  name  Rdteliers  is  given. 

DEN'TIFORM,  Bentiform'is,  from  dens,  'a 
tooth,'  and  forma,  '  form.'  Resembling  a  tooth 
in  shape. 

DENTIFORMIS,  Odontoid. 

DEN'TIFRICE,  Bentifric"  ium,  Remed'iun, 
dent ifric"i urn,  Tooth  poioder.  Tooth  paste,  Odon- 
totrim'ma,  Odontosmeg'ma^  from  dens,  '  a  tooth, 
and  fricare,  'to  rub;'  a  name  given  to  different 
powders  and  pastes  proper  for  cleansing  the  ena- 
mel of  the  teeth,  and  removing  tne  Bartar  whicii 
covers  them.  Powdered  bark  and  charcoal, 
united  to  any  acidulous  salt — as  cream  of  tartar 
— form  one  of  the  most  common  do  itif rices. 


DENTINAL 


278 


DEOBSTRUENT 


Electuaire  ou  Opiate  Dentifrice,  of  the  Codes, 
consists  of  coral  Jiv,  cuttlefish  bones  and  cinna- 
mon, aa  ^ij,  cochineal  ^ss,  honey  ^x,  alum  gr.  iv 
or  V. 

Poudre  Dentifrice  of  the  Parisian  Codex  is 
composed  of  Bole  Armeniac,  red  coral,  [prepared,] 
and  cuttlefish  hones,  aa  ^y'},  dragon's  blood  S}^}, 
cochineal  ^},  cream  of  tartar  ^ix,  cinnamon  yij, 
cloves,  gr.  xij,  well  mixed. 

Charcoal,  finely  powdered  and  mixed  with 
chalk,  forms  as  good  a  dentifrice  as  any. 

DEN'TINAL,  Dentina'b's,  from  dens,  'a  tooth.' 
Relating  to  the  dentine  of  the  teeth. 

DENTINE,  see  Tooth  — d.  Secondary,  see 
Tooth. 

DENTISCAL'PIUM,  from  rfens,  'a  tooth,' and 
scalpere,  '  to  scrape.'  Odonto' glyphum.  This 
word  has  been  applied  to  the  instrument  used 
for  scaling  the  teeth ;  to  the  tooth-pick,  (F.) 
Care-dent ;  and  to  the  gum  lancet, — the  dechaus- 
soir  of  the  French. 

DENT'IST,  Dentis'ta,  Odontia'ter,  Denta'rius, 
Dental  Surgeon,  Surgeon-Dentist.  One  who  de- 
votes himself  to  the  study  of  the  diseases  of  the 
teeth,  and  their  treatment. 

DEN'TISTRY,  Odontotech'ny,  Odontiatri'a, 
Odontotherapi' a,  Dental  Surgery,  The  art  of 
the  dentist. 

DENTITIO,  Dentition— d.  Difficilis,  Dysodon- 
tiasis. 

DENTIT"ION,  Dentit"io,  Denti'tis,  Odonto- 
phy'ia,  Teething,  Odonti'asis,  Odonto'sis,  from 
dentire,  'to  breed  teeth.'  The  exit  of  the  teeth 
from  the  alveoli  and  gums ;  or  rather  the  pheno- 
mena which  characterize  the  diiferent  periods  of 
their  existence.  The  germs  of  the  first  teeth, 
denies  lac'tei  or  milk  teeth,  (F.)  dens  de  lait,  are 
visible  in  the  foetus  about  the  end  of  the  second 
month;  and  they  begin  to  be  ossified  from  the 
end  of  the  third  to  that  of  the  sixth  month.  At 
birth,  the  corona  of  the  incisors  is  formed,  but 
that  of  the  canine  is  not  completed;  and  the  tu- 
bercles of  the  molares  are  not  yet  all  united. 
Gradually  the  fang  becomes  developed;  and  at 
about  six  or  eight  months  begins  what  is  com- 
monly called,  ih.Q  first  dentit"ion,  Odon'tia  denti- 
tio'nis  lactan'tium.  The  two  middle  incisors  of 
the  lower  jaw  commonly  appear  first;  and,  some 
time  afterwards,  those  of  the  upper  jaw ;  after- 
wards, the  two  lateral  incisors  of  the  lower  jaw ; 
and  then  those  of  the  upper,  followed  by  the  four 
anterior  molares  :  the  canine  or  eye-teeth,  at  first, 
those  of  the  lower,  and,  afterwards,  those  of  the 
upper  jaw,  next  appear ;  and,  subsequently  and 
successively,  the  first  4  molares  —  2  above  and  2 
below,  1  on  each  side.  The  whole  number  of 
the  primary,  temporary,  deciduous,  shedding  or 
milk-teeth,  [dentea  tempora'rii,)  (F.)  Dents  de  lait, 
is  now  20. 

The  eruption  of  the  milk-teeth  takes  place,  ap- 
proximately, in  the  following  order  : 

Central  incisors 6th  to  8th  month. 

Lateral  incisors 7th  to  10th  month. 

First  molar 12th  to  14th  month. 

Canines 15th  to  20th  month. 

Second  molar 20th  to  30th  month. 

The  second  dentition  or  shedding  of  the  teeth, 
odon'tia  dentitio'nis  pueri'lis,  Dedentit"ion,  be- 
gins about  the  age  of  6  or  7.  The  germs  or  mem- 
branous follicles  of  these  second  teeth — to  the 
number  of  32  —  as  well  as  the  rudiments  of  the 
teeth  themselves,  are  visible,  even  in  the  foetus, 
with  the  exception  of  those  of  the  small  molares, 
which  do  not  appear  till  after  birth.  They  are 
contained  in  alveoli  of  the  same  shape  as  those 
»f  th>  first  dentition.     Their  ossification  com- 


mences at  from  3  to  6  months  after  birth,  in  the 
incisors  and  first  molares ;  at  eight  or  nine 
months,  in  the  canine;  about  three  years,  in  the 
molares,  3^^  in  the  second  great  molares,  and 
about  10  years  in  the  last.  As  the  alveolus  of  a 
new  tooth  becomes  gradually  augmented,  the 
septum  between  it  and  that  of  the  corresponding 
milk  tooth  is  absorbed,  and  disappears.  The  root 
of  the  milk  tooth  is  likewise  absorbed;  its  corona 
becomes  loose  and  falls  out,  and  all  the  first  teeth 
are  gradually  replaced  by  the  permanent  teeth, 
Den'tes  serot'ini.  This  second  dentition  becomes 
necessary  in  consequence  of  the  increased  size 
of  the  jaws.  The  new  teeth  have  neither  the 
same  direction  nor  the  same  shape  as  the  old; 
and  they  are  more  numerous,  amounting  till  the 
age  of  25,  (sooner  or  later,)  to  28.  About  this 
period,  a  small  molaris  appears  at  the  extremity 
of  each  jaw,  which  is  called  Dens  sapien'ticB  or 
wisdom  tooth,  Dens  serot'inus.  Dens  sojjhroret'icus, 
D.  sophronis'ta,  D.  sop»hronis'ter,  (F.)  Arriere- 
dent,  Dent  de  sagesae,  making  the  whole  number 
of  permanent  teeth  32. 

The  eruption  of  the  permanent  teeth  is  remark- 
able for  its  general  regularity;  so  that  it  consti- 
tutes an  important  means  for  ascertaining  the 
age  of  the  individual  during  the  early  period  of 
life. 

First  molars 7th  year. 

Central  incisors 8th  year. 

Lateral  incisors 9th  year. 

First  bicuspids 10th  year. 

Second  bicuspids 11th  year. 

Canines 12th  year. 

Second  molars 13th  year. 

The  teeth  of  the  lower  jaw  precede  by  a  few 
weeks  those  of  the  upper. 

During  the  period  of  dentition,  that  is,  of  the 
first  dentition,  the  infant  is  especially  liable  to 
disease; — the  irritation,  produced  by  the  pressure 
of  the  tooth  on  the  superincumbent  gum,  some- 
times occasioning  pyrexia,  convulsions,  diarrhoea, 
&c.,  which  symptoms  are  often  strikingly  relieved 
by  a  free  division  of  the  distended  gum.  This 
disordered  condition  is  called  Teething,  Odon'tia 
dentitio'nis,  Odonti'asis,  Odontal'gia  dentitio'nis, 
Odaxis'miis. 

DENTITIS,  Dentition. 

DENTIUM  CORTEX,  Enamel  of  the  teeth— 
d.  Dolor,  Odontalgia  —  d.  Nitor,  Enamel  of  the 
teeth  —  d.  Scalptura,  (Lancing  the  gums,)  see 
Gum  lancet — d.  Vacillantia,  Odontoseisis. 

DENTO,  from  Dens,  'a,  tooth.'  One  whose 
teeth  are  prominent. 

DENTOIDEUS,  Odontoid. 

DENTS  BICUSPIDEES,  Bicuspid  teeth— rf. 
Col  des,  CoUum  dentium  —  d.  Conoides,  Canine 
teeth — d.  de  Lait,  see  Dentition — d.  JIdcheh'erea, 
Molar  teeth — d.  Molaires,  Molar  teeth — d.  Multi- 
ciispidees,  Molar  teeth,  great — d.  (EiUieres,  Ca- 
nine teeth. 

DENTURE,  Dentier. 

DENUDA'TION,  Denuda'tio,  Gyvmo'sis,  from 
denudare,  [de,  and  nudare,)  'to  lay  bare.*  Con- 
dition of  a  part,  deprived  of  its  natural  coverings, 
whether  by  wounds,  gangrene,  or  abscess.  It  is 
particularly  applied  to  the  bones,  when  deprived 
of  their  periosteum,  and  to  the  teeth  when  they 
lose  their  enamel  or  dental  substance. 

DEOB'STRUENT,  Deob'struens,  Dephrnc'ti- 
cum,  Deoppii'lans,  Deoppilati'vum,  Eiphrac'tic, 
from  de,  and  obstrnere,  [oh,  and  struere,)  'to  ob- 
struct.' (F.)  Deaobstrtinnt,  Desobstructif,  Dcsopi- 
latif,  Desopilant.  Medicines  given  with  the  view 
of  removing  any  obstruction.  The  word  corre- 
sponds to  aperient,  in  its  general,  not  in  its  par- 


DERODORIZER 


279 


DEPURATORY 


ticular  sense.     It  is  now  almost  abandoned,  and, 
when  used,  conveys  by  no  means  definite  ideas. 

DEODORIZER,  Antibromic. 

DEONTOL'OGY,  I)eontolog"la;  from  ra  Scovra, 
'  what  is  fitting  or  necessary,'  and  \oyos,  '  a  de- 
scription.' A  word  introduced  by  Bentham  to 
signify  morals,  or  the  science  of  duties. 

Med'ical  Deontol'ogy,  Deontolog"ia  med'ica, 
fF.)  Deontologie  medicale,  Iledical  ethics,  J/e- 
dical  etiquette.  The  duties  and  rights  of  medical 
practitioners. 

DEOPPILATIVUM,  Deobstruent. 

DEPASCENS,  Phagedenic. 

DEPAUPERATUS,  Impoverished. 

DEPERDITIO,  Abortion. 

DEPHRACTICUM,  Deobstruent. 

DEPILATIF,  DepCatory. 

DEPILATIO,  Alopecia— d.  Capitis,  Calvities. 

DEPILA'TION,  Depila'tio,  Droj^acis'imis,  Ma- 
de'sis,  iLad'isis,  Psilo'sis,  from  de,  and  piliw,  'hair.' 
Loss  of  hair,  either  spontaneously  or  by  art. 

DEP'ILATORY,  Depilato'rium.,  Bropax,  Psi- 
lo'thron,  Ectillot'icus,  Epilato'rivm,  (F.)  Depila- 
toire,  Bepilatif.  Any  thing  which  causes  the 
loss  of  the  hair.  Depilatories  are,  usually  caustic 
applications,  in  which  quicklime  or  some  other 
alkaline  substance,  sulphuret  of  iron,  <tc.,  enter. 

Depilatory,  Colley's,  seems  to  consist  of 
quicklime  and  a  portion  of  sulphuret  of  potassa. 

A  pitch  plaster,  Pitch-cap,  is  sometimes  used 
as  a  depilatory.  It  of  course  pulls  the  hair  out 
by  the  roots. 

Delcroix's  depilatory,  and  Plenck's  depilatory, 
have  a  similar  composition, 

DEPI'LIS,  same  etymon.  Devoid  of  hair. 
Hairless. 

DEPLE'TION,  De]}le'tio,  from  depleo,  '  I  un- 
load.' The  act  of  unloading  the  vessels,  by 
blood-letting  and  the  different  evacuants.  Also, 
inordinate  evacuation. 

DEPLE'TORY,  Deple'ting.  Having  relation 
to  depletion: — as  'a  depletory  or  depleting  agent.' 

DEPLUMA'TIO,  Ptilo'sis,  from  deplumis,  {de 
and  plunia,)  '  without  feathers.'  A  disease  of  the 
eyelids,  in  which  they  are  swollen,  and  the  eye- 
lashes fall  out.     See  Madarosis. 

DEPOS'IT,  Depos'itum,  from  dcpono,  (de  and 
pono,  '  to  lay  or  put,')  '  to  lay  or  put  down.'  (F.) 
Depot.  Any  thing  laid  or  thrown  down.  In 
physiology  and  pathology,  a  structureless  sub- 
stance, separated  from  the  blood  or  other  fluid, 
as  the  typhous,  tuberculous,  purulent,  melanic, 
and  diphtheritic  deposits. 

Depos'it,  Feculence. 

DEPOS'ITIVE,  Bepositi'vus,  from  deponere, 
(de  &nd ponere,)  to  'depose,'  'to  put  down.'  An 
epithet  used  by  Mr.  Erasmus  Wilson  to  express 
that  condition  of  the  membrane  in  which  plastic 
lymph  is  exuded  into  the  tissue  of  the  derma,  so 
as  to  give  rise  to  the  production  of  small  bard 
elevations  of  the  skin,  or  pimples.  Under  "  de- 
positive  inflammation  of  the  derma,"  he  comprises 
Strophulus,  lichen  and  prurigo. 

DEPOT,  Abscess,  Sediment — d.  Laiteuse  sur 
la  Guisse,  Phlegmatia  dolens — d.  de  V  Urine,  Se- 
diment of  the  urine. 

DEPRAVATION,  JDeprava'tio,  from  de  and 
pravus,  'bad.'  Perversion,  corruption;  —  as  de- 
pravation of  the  taste,  <fec. 

DEPREHENSIO,  Diagnosis,  Epilepsy. 

DEPRES'SION,  Bepres'sio,  Impres'sio,  from 
deprimere,  depressum  (de,  and  premere,)  'to  de- 
press ;'  Esphia'sis.  In  Anatomy,  it  means  an 
excavation,  hollow,  or  fossa.  In  Surgery,  it  is 
applied  to  a  fracture  of  the  cranium,  in  which 
the  portions  of  fractured  bone  are  forced  inwards; 
(F.)    Suhgrondation,   Entablement ;    called  also, 


Gatapi'esis,  Campisis  Bepres'sio,  Thlasis  Bepres'- 
sio. Bopression,  (F.)  Abaissement,  means  Couch, 
ing. — See  Cataract. 

Depression  also  means  drjcction  or  dejectcdneai> 
— Ademon' ia,  Ademo' syne,  Bemin'sio  aitimi. 
BEPRESSOIRE,  Meningophylax. 
DEPRESS'OR,  (F.)  Ahaisseur.    Same  etymon. 
Several  muscles  have  been  so  termed,  because 
they  depress  the  parts  on  which  thej'-  act. 

Depressor  Al.«  Nasi,  B.  la'bii  snpcrio'ria 
alaque  nasi,  Incisi'vus  me'dius,  Myrtifoi-'mis, 
Bepressor  Labii  superio'ris  pro'p>rius,  Constricto'- 
res  ala'rum  nasi  ac  dej)resso' res  la'bii  superio'ris, 
Maxillo-alreoli-nasal — part  of  the  lubialis,  (Cb.,) 
(F.)  Abaisseur  de  I'aile  du  nez.  It  arises  from 
the  superior  maxillary  bone  immediately  above 
the  junction  of  the  gums  with  the  two  incisor 
and  canine  teeth;  and  passes  upwards  to  be  in- 
serted into  the  upper  lip  and  root  of  the  ala  nasi, 
which  it  pulls  downwards. 

Depressor  An'guli  Oris,  Triangula' ris,  De- 
pressor labio'rum  commu'nis,  Bepressor  labiorum, 
(F.)  Sousmnxillo -labial,  Maxillo -labial  (Ch.j, 
Abaisseur  de  I'angle  des  levres  ou  Muscle  2'rinn- 
gulaire.  A  muscle,  situate  at  the  lower  part  of 
the  face.  Its  form  is  triangular.  It  arises  from 
the  outer  oblique  line  on  the  lower  jawbone,  and 
terminates  in  a  point  at  the  commissure  of  the 
lips,  which  it  pulls  downwards. 

Depressor  La'bii  Inferio'ris  ;  Qvadra'tits, 
Quadra'tus  menti,  Bepressor  labii  inferio'ris  pro'- 
prius,  —  Mentonnier-labial,  Mento-labial  (Ch.), 
(F.)  Carre  du  Menton,  Horippe  du  Jtfenton,  Abais- 
seur de  la  Icvre  inferieure.  A  small,  thin,  and 
quadrilateral  muscle,  which  arises  from  the  ex- 
ternal oblique  line  of  the  lower  jaw,  and  ascends 
to  the  lower  lip,  where  it  becomes  confounded 
with  the  orbicularis  oris.  It  pulls  the  lower  lip 
downwards  and  outwards. 

Depressor  Labii  Superioris  PEOPEirs,  D. 
Alee  nasi  —  d.  Labiorum  communis,  D.  Anguli 
oris — d.  Oculi,  Rectus  inferior  oculi. 

Depressor  Pal'pebr^e  Inferio'ris.  A  fleshy 
bundle,  which  forms  part  of  the  palpebralis 
muscle.  Heister  describes  it  separately,  but  it  is 
not  admitted  now. 

DEPRESSORIUM,  Meninjjophylax. 

DEPRIMENS  AURICUL13E,  Retrahens  auris 
—  d.  Maxillaj  biventer,  Digastricus  —  d.  Oculi, 
Rectus  inferior  oculi. 

DEPRIMENTIA,  Sedatives. 

DEPURAN'TIA,  from  depurare,  (de,  and  p"- 
rtts,)  'to  purify.'  (F.)  Bepiuratifs.  Medicines 
were  formerly  so  called,  which  were  supposed  to 
possess  the  property  of  removing,  from  the  mass 
of  blood  or  humours,  those  principles  which  dis- 
turbed their  purity ;  and  of  directing  them  to- 
wards some  one  of  the  natural  emunctories.  The 
juices  of  what  were  called  anti-scorbutic  herbs, 
sulphur,  and  many  other  medicines,  were  ranked 
under  this  class. 

BEPURATTFS,  Depurantia. 

DEPURA'TION,  Bepura'tio.  Same  etymon. 
Catharis'mos,  3hinda'tio.  In  Pathology,  depura- 
tion has  been  used  for  the  process  by  which  na- 
ture purifies  the  animal  economy,  either  by  the 
agency  of  some  eruptive  disease,  or  some  sponta- 
neous evacuation,  or  by  the  assistance  of  medi 
cine.     See  Clarification,  and  Depuratory. 

DEPURATIVE.  Depuratory. 

DBP'TJRATORY.  Same  etymon.  Bepurato 
rius,  Bepurative.  That  which  causes  depuration, 
as  the  iirinary  and  cutaneous  depurations.  A].- 
plied,  also,  to  diseases,  which  have  been  consi- 
dered capable  of  modifying  the  constitution  a(.. 
vantageously,  by  acting  on  the  comnosition  A 
the  fluids  —  such  as  certain  eruptions,  intermit- 


DERADEN 


28t) 


DERONCUS 


lenta,  &c.  The  word  is,  also,  appropriated  to 
luedicines  and  diet,  by  which  the  same  effect  is 
pought  to  be  induced. 

DER'ADEN,  from  Se(i^,  'the  neck,'  and  aSijv, 
'  a  gland.'     A  gland  in  the  neck. 

DERADENI'TIS,  from  Sipv,  'neck;'  aSqv,  'a 
gland ;'  and  itis,  denoting  inflammation.  In- 
liammation  of  the  glands  of  the  neck. 

DERADENON'CUS,  from  Stpv,  'the  neck,' 
uirjv,  '  a  gland,'  and  oyKos,  '  a  swelling.'  Tume- 
faction of  the  glands  of  the  neck. 

DERANENCEPHA'LIA,  from  Sepv,  'neck,' 
and  anencephalia,  '  absence  of  brain.'  A  mon- 
strosity in  which  only  a  small  portion  of  the 
brain  exists,  resting  on  the  cervical  vertebrse  — 
more  properly  derencepha'lia. 

DERANGED,  Insane. 

DERANGEMENT,  Insanity. 

DERBIA,  Impetigo. 

DERENCEPHALIA,  Deranencephalia. 

DERENCEPH'ALUS,  from  hpn,  'the  neck,' 
and  Kc<pa\r!,  'head.'  A  monster  whose  brain  is 
in  the  neck. — G.  St.  Hilaire. 

DERIS,  Cutis. 

DE^RIVANS,  Deriyative. 

BERIVATIF,  Derivative. 

DERIVA'TION,  Beriva'tio,  Beflec'tio,  Pa.ro- 
eheteu'sia,  Antilep'sia,  Antis'paais,  Revul'aion, 
Gura  derivati'va  seu  rev^ilso'ria,  from  de,  and 
rivus,  '  a  river.'  When  a  '  centre  of  fluxion'  is 
established  in  a  part,  for  the  purpose  of  abstract- 
ing the  excited  vital  manifestations  from  some 
other,  a  derivation  is  operated. 

The  term  Derivation  has  likewise  been  ap- 
plied to  the  suction  power  of  the  heart,  —  an 
agency  in  the  circulation  of  the  blood. 

DERIVATIVE,  Deflec'tens,  Beri'vans,  Beri- 
vato'rius,  from  derivare,  'to  drain  off.'  Antis- 
pas'ticus,  Revel'lent,  Revul'sive,  Revulsi'vus,  Re- 
vulao'riua,  {'E.)Berivatif,Revuls{f.  Same  etymon. 
A  remedy,  which  by  producing  a  modified  action 
in  some  organ  or  texture  derives  from  the  morbid 
condition  of  some  other  organ  or  texture.  Re- 
vellents  are  amongst  the  most  important  reme- 
dies :  they  include,  indeed,  every  physical  and 
moral  agent,  which  is  capable  of  modifying  the 
function  of  innervation,  and  therefore  almost 
every  article  of  the  materia  medica.  The  follow- 
ing is  a  list  of  the  chief  local  Derivatives. 

1.  Epispastics.  —  Acidum  Aceticum,  Acidum 
Nitricum,  Acidum  Sulphuricum,  Allium,  Ammo- 
nia, Ammoniacum,  Asafoetida,  Cantharis,  Capsi- 
cum, Galbanum,  Olea  Essentialia,  Pix  Abietis, 
Sin  apis.  Caloric,  Friction. 

2.  Vesicants. — Ammonia,  Argent!  Nitras,  Can- 
tharis, Cantharis  Vittata,  Hydrargyri  lodidum 
rubrum.  Ranunculus,  Sinapis,  Caloric. 

3.  Suppurants.  —  Acida  Mineralia,  Antimonii 
et  Potassse  Tartras,  Cantharis,  Mezereum,  Pix 
Abietis,  Sabina,  Tiglii  Oleum,  Fonticulus,  Seta- 
ceum. 

4.  —  EscHAROTics.  —  A.  Erodents.  —  Acidum 
Aceticum,  Acida  Mineralia,  Alumen  Exsiccatum, 
Argenti  Nitras,  Cupri  Sub-Acetas,  Cupri  Sulphas, 
Sabina,  Saccharum  Purissimum. — 

B.  Actual  Cauterants.  —  Caloric,  White  Hot 
Iron,  Moxa. — 

C.  Potential  Cauterants. — Acidum  Arseniosum, 
Acidum  Nitricum,  Acidum  Sulphuricum,  Anti- 
iDonii  Murias,  Argenti  Nitras,  Calx,  Potassa, 
Potassa  cum  Calce,  Zinci  Chloridum. 

DERIVATORIUS,  Derivative. 

DERMA,  Cutis. 

DERMAD,  see  Dermal  Aspect. 

DERMAL,  Bermic,  Berma'lis,  Ber'micus,  from 
iepua,  '  the  skin.'  Relating  or  belonging  to  the 
ik'iK. 


Dermal  Aspect.  An  aspect  towards  the  skin 
or  external  surface. — Barclay.  Bermad  is  used 
adverbially  by  the  same  writer  to  signify  'to- 
wards the  dermal  aspect.' 

DERMAL'GIA,  Bermatal'gia,  Bermatodyn'in, 
from  Scpiia,  'the  skin,'  and  aXyof,  'pain.'  Paih 
in  the  skin.  Neuralgia  of  the  skin.  Rheumatic 
Bermalyia  or  Rheumatism  of  tJie  skin  is  a  forni 
of  neuralgia,  which  is  referred,  at  times,  to  the 
nervous  trunks,  muscles,  &c.,  but  appears  to  bo 
seated  in  the  cutaneous  nerves. 

DERMATAGRA,  Pellagra. 

DERMATALGIA,  Dermalgia. 

DERMATAUXE,  Dermatophyma. 

DERMATIATRI'A,  from  iepfia,  'skin,'  and 
larpeia,  'healing.'  Healing  of  cutaneous  diseases. 
The  treatment  of  diseases  of  the  skin.  Biadtr- 
miatri'a,  Bermatocrati'a. 

DERMATITIS,  Cytitis,  Erysipelatous  inflam- 
mation. 

DERMATOCHOLOSIS,  Icterus. 

DERMATGCHYSIS,  Anasarca. 

DERMATOCRATIA,  see  Dermatiatria. 

DERMATODES,  Dermatoid. 

DERMATODYNIA,  Dermalgia. 

DER'MATOID,  BermatoV  des,  Bermato'dex, 
BermoVdes,  Bermo'des,  Bermoid,  from  Stp/ia,  'the 
skin,'  and  ti6os,  'form.'  That  which  is  similar 
to  the  skin.  This  name  is  given  to  different  tis- 
sues, which  resemble  the  skin.  The  dura  mater 
has  been' so  called  by  some. 

3Iorhi  dermato'des,  chronic  cutaneous  diseases. 

DERMATOL'OGY,  Bermatolog"ia,  Bermol'- 
ogy,  from  &c.pna,  'the  skin,'  and  yKoyoi,  'a  dis- 
course.'    A  discourse  or  treatise  of  the  skin. 

DERMATOPATHIA,  Cutaneous  disease. 

DERMATOPERISCLERISMUS,  Induration 
of  the  cellular  tissue. 

DERMATOPERISCLEROSIS,  Induration  of 
the  cellular  tissue. 

DERMATOPHY'MA,  Z)e»-mato«x'e,  from <5£p;ia, 
'  skin,'  and  (pvjxa,  '  tumour.'  A  tumefaction  of 
the  skin.' 

DERMATOPHYMATA  VENEREA,  Condy- 
lomata. 

DERMATORRH AG"IA,  Bermaiorrhce'a,  from 
Sepita,  'skin,'  and  payrj,  'rupture.'  A  discharge 
of  blood  from  the  skin. 

DERMATORRHCEA,  Dermatorrhagia. 

DERMATOSCLEROSIS,  Callosity. 

DERMATOSES,  Cutaneous  diseases. 

BER3IAT0SIES  VEROLEUSES,  Syphi- 
lides. 

DERMATOSPASMUS,  Horrida  cutis. 

DERMATOTYLOMA,  Callosity. 

DERMATOTYLOSIS,  Callosity. 

DERMATOTYLUS,  Callosity. 

DERMIC,  Ber'micus,  Bermat'icus,  Bermati- 
nus,  Bermatic,  Bermal,  Berma'lis ;  from  Sipiia, 
'skin.'     Relating  to  the  skin. 

DERMITIS,  Cytitis. 

DERMODES,  Dermatoid. 

DERMOG'RAF  tn:,Bermograp7i'ia,{Tom5!:piJ>a, 
'the  skin,'  and  ypafw,  'I  describe.'  An  anato- 
mical description  of  the  skin. 

DERMOH^'MIA,  from  Scpua,  'skin,' and 
'atfia,  '  blood.'  Hj'persemia  or  congestion  of  the 
skin. 

DERMOID,  Dermatoid. 

DERMOLOGY,  Dermatoloffy. 

DERMO-SKELETON.  see  Skeleton. 

BERMO-SYPHfLIBES,  Si/philides. 

DERMOT'OMY,  Beniwtom'ta,  from  Sepixa,  'the 
skin,'  and  tc/jivciv,  'to  cut.'  The  part  of  anatomy 
which  treats  of  the  structure  of  the  skin. 

DERODYMUS.  Dicephahis. 

DERONCUS,  Bronchocelc. 


DERTRON 


281 


DETRUNCATION 


DERTRON.  This  word,  which  is  used  by 
Hippocrates,  signified,  according  to  some,  the 
omentum  or  peritoneum,  but  according  to  others, 
the  small  intestine.     See  Epiploon. 

Disarticulation;  (f.),  from  de,  and 

articidus,  'a  joint.'  Disjointing.  A  word  used 
to  express  the  part  of  the  operation,  in  amputa- 
tion at  an  articulation,  which  consists  in  dividing 
tlie  ligaments,  and  separating  the  articular  sur- 
faces. The  word  has,  also,  been  used  for  that 
kind  of  anatomical  preparation,  the  object  of 
which  is  to  separate  the  different  bones  of  the 
skeleton,  and  especially  those  of  the  head. 

DESGALORInMsES,  from  de,  'from,'  and 
calor,  '  heat.'  A  name  given  by  Baumes  to  dis- 
eases which  are  characterized  by  diminished  heat. 

DESCEMBT,  MEMBRANE  OP,  see  Aqueous 
Humour,  and  Cornea. 

DESCEMETI'TIS.  A  term  improperly  formed, 
and  really  signifying  'inflammation  of  Descemet.' 
Inflammation  of  the  membrane  of  Descemet. 

DESCENDENS  NONI,  see  Hypoglossus. 

DESCENSIO,  Catabasis. 

DESCENSUS,  Catabasis  —  d.  Testiculorum, 
Orchido-catabasis. 

DESCENTS,  Rernia—d.  de  la  Matrice,  Pro- 
cidentia uteri. 

DE^SECTUS,  Castratus. 

DESENFLURE,  Ditumescence. 

DESICCANTIA,  Desiccativa. 

DESICCATIO,  Draining. 

DESICCATION,  Drying. 

DESICCATI'VA,  Deaican'tia,  Siccan'tia,  Ex- 
siccati'va,  from  desiccare,  (de,  and  sicoa7-e,)  '  to 
dry  up.'  (P.)  Dessiccatifg.  Remedies,  which, 
when  applied  externally,  dry  up  the  humours  or 
moisture  from  a  wound. 

DESIPIENTIA,  Delirium. 

DESIRE,  Libido  —  d.  Venereal,  Appetite,  ve- 
nereal, see  Libido. 

DES'M  A,  Des'me,  Des'mus.  A  bandage,  a  liga- 
ment.    Hence  : 

DESMATUR'GIA,  from  Ssc/ta,  'bandage,'  and 
ipyov,  'work.'  The  doctrine  of  the  application 
of  bandages.     Bandaging. 

DESMEDION,  Fasciculus. 

DESMEUX,  Ligamentous. 

DESMI'TIS,  DesmopMogo'sis,  DesmopJiIog"ia, 
from  ^£<r/ji7,  '  a  ligament,'  and  itis,  denoting  in- 
flammation.    Inflammation  of  ligaments. 

DESMOCHAUNO'SIS,  from  Sea^iog,  'ligament,' 
and  ^avvwiTi;,  'relaxation.'  Relaxation  of  an  ar- 
ticular ligament. 

DESMODYN'IA,  from  ieiriiv,  'ligament,'  and 
oSvvi],  'pain.'     Pain  in  the  ligaments. 

DESMOG'RAPHY,  Desinograph'ia,  from  5£<7- 
His,  'a  ligament,'  and  ypa(prj,  'a  description.'  An 
anatomical  description  of  the  ligaments. 

DESMOID  TISSUE,  from  Stafio;,  'a  ligament,' 
and  ci6o;,  'shape.')  Ligamen'tous  Tissue,  Teoctns 
desmo'sug.  This  tissue  is  very  generally  diffused 
over  the  human  body;  has  a  very  close  connexion 
with  the  areolar  tissue,  and  is  continuous  with  it 
in  divers  places.  It  constitutes  the  ligaments, 
aponeuroses,  &c. 

DESMOL'OGY,  Desmolog" ia,  from  Seafto;,  'a 
ligament,'  and  Xoyoj,  'a  discourse,'  'a  treatise.' 
That  part  of  anatomy  which  describes  the  liga- 
ments. 

DESMOPHLOGIA,  Desraitis. 

DBSMORRHEX'IS,  from  Secpios,  'a  ligament,' 
and  pi7s's,  'rupture.'  Rupture  of  an  articular 
ligament. 

DESMOS,  Ligament. 

DESMOSUS,  Ligamentous. 

DESMOT'OMY,  i>es»ioto»!Va,  from  Sccitog,  'a 
ligament,'   and  rsuvsiv,   'to  cut.'    The  part  of 


anatomy  which  teaches  the  mode  of  dissecting 
the  ligaments. 

D^SOBSTRUANT,  Deobstruent 

DESOBSTRUCTIF,  Deobstruent. 

DESOPILATIF,  Deobstruent. 

DESORGANISA TION,  Disorganization. 

DESOXYGENESES,  from  de,  and  oxygen. 
M.  Baumes  includes  under  this  title  an  order  of 
diseases,  which  he  considers  dependent  upon  a 
diminution  in  the  quantity  of  the  oxygen  neces- 
sary for  the  animal  economy. 

DESPOTATS,  (P.)  Infirm  soldiers,  formerly 
charged  with  the  ofiice  of  removing  the  wounded 
from  the  field  of  battle  :  perhaps  from  desporta'- 
tor,  '  one  who  bears  away.'  The  class  of  Despo- 
tats  was  introduced  by  Leo  VI.,  at  the  commence- 
ment of  the  9th  century. 

DESPUMA'TION, Despuma'tio,  Apaphris'mos, 
Epaphris'mos,  from  despumare,  [de,  and  spuma,) 
'  to  skirr '  '  to  remove  the  froth.'  The  separation 
of  the  ijoth  and  other  impurities,  which  rise,  by 
the  action  of  the  fire,  to  the  surface  of  any  fluid. 

DESQUAMA'TION,  Desquama'tio  Cutis,  Ec- 
lep'ieis,  Aposyr'ma,  Apolep'isis,  Ap)olepis'mu8, 
Moulting,  from  desquamare,  (de,  and  squama,  '  a 
scale,')  '  to  scale  off.'  Exfoliation,  or  separation 
of  the  epidermis,  in  the  form  of  scales,  of  a  greater 
or  less  size.  This  affection  is  a  common  eonse 
quence  of  exanthematous  diseases. 

DESQUAMATORIUS,  Exfoliative. 

DESSECHE3IENT,  Atrophy,  Draining. 

DESSICATIFS,  Desicativa. 

DESTILLATIO,  Coryza,  Distillation— d.  Pec- 
toris, Catarrh. 

DESTRUCTIO,  Diaphthora. 

DESUDA'TIO,  Ephidro'sis,  Sudam'ina,  Hi. 
dro'a,  from  desudare,  (de,  and  sudare,  '  to  sweat.') 
Desudation  means  a  profuse  and  inordinate  sweat- 
ing, a  mucksweat ;  but,  most  commonly,  the  term 
is  applied  to  an  eruption  of  small  pimples,  similar 
to  millet  seed,  which  appears  chiefly  on  children, 
and  is  owing  to  want  of  cleanliness. 

DESYMPHYSER,  see  Symphyseotomy. 

DETENTIO,  Catalepsy. 

DETERGENS,  Abstergent. 

DETER'GENTS,  from  detergere,  (de,  and  ter- 
gere,  'to  clean,')  'to  cleanse.'  Detergen'tia,  De- 
terso'ria,  Extergen'tia,  Abstergen'tia,  Abstersi'va, 
Absterso'ria,  Abluen'tia,  Traumat'ica,  Smec'- 
tica,  Emvndan'tia,  Mundijicati'va,  Mundifican'' 
tia,  Rhyp' tica,  Abster'sives,  (P.)  Detersifs,  Mundi- 
ficatifs.  Medicines,  which  possess  the  power  to 
deterge  or  cleanse  parts,  as  wounds,  ulcers,  <fec. 
They  belong  to  the  class  of  stimulants,  or  to  that 
of  emollients. 

DETERMINA'TION,  Determina'tio,  from  de, 
and  terminus,  '  a  boundary.'  Strong  direction  to 
a  given  point ;  —  as  'a  determination  of  blood  to 
the  head.' 

DETERSIFS,  Detergents. 

DETERSORIA,  Detergents. 

DETERSO'RIUM,  from  detergere,  'to  cleanse.' 
The  place,  in  ancient  bathing  establishments^ 
where  the  bather  was  cleansed  and  dried. 

DETESTATIO,  Castratio. 

DETORSE,  Sprain. 

DETRACTIO  SANGUINIS,  Bloodletting. 

DETRI'TUS,  from  deterere,  (de,  and  terere,) 
'to  bruise  or  wear  out.'  The  residuum,  occupying 
the  place  of  the  organic  texture  of  parts  which 
have  undergone  disorganization. 

DETROIT  ABDOMINALE,  Pelvis  (brim)-- 
d.  Inferieur,  Pelvis  (outlet)  —  d.  Perineal,  Pelvis 
(outlet) — d.  Snperieur,  Pelvis  (brim.) 

DETRONCATION,  Detruncatio. 

DETRUNCA'TION,  Detrunea'tio,  (¥.)  Ditrofir- 
cation,  from  de,  and  truncus,  '  a  trunk.'     S«par*« 


DETEUSION 


282 


DIABETES 


tion  of  the  trunk  from  the  head  of  the  foetns,  the 
latter  remaining  in  the  uterus. 

DETRTJ'SION,  Detni'sio;  same  etymon  as  the 
next.  The  act  of  thrusting  or  forcing  down  or 
away.  Applied  by  Dr.  Walshe  to  lateral  displace- 
ment of  the  heart  by  extraneous  pressure. 

DETRU'SOR  URI'N^,  Protru'sor,  from  de- 
trudere,  [de,  and  trudere,)  'to  thrust  down  or 
from.'  The  muscular  coat  of  the  urinary  bladder 
was  formerly  so  called.  It  was,  also,  named 
Constrictor  Vesi'cm  Urina'ricp.. 

BE  TUMESCENCE  {¥.),  Detnmeseen'tia,  from 
detnmere,  [de,  and  tumere,)  'to  cease  to  swell.'  A 
diminution  of  swelling.  This  word  has  nearly 
the  same  signification  as  the  French  word  Desen- 
flure.  The  latter  is,  however,  more  particularly 
applied  to  the  diminution  of  oedema  or  anasarca; 
the  former,  to  the  resolution  of  a  tumour  properly 
60  called. 

DEUNX.  The  ancient  name  of  a  weight  of  11 
ounces,  supposing  the  pound  to  consist  of  12. 

DEURENS  (FERRIS,)  Causus. 

DEUS  COPULATIONIS,  Cupido. 

DEUTERANCEA,  Dementia. 

DEUTERI'A,  from  ^rartpo?,  'the  second.'  Vo- 
gel  has  used  this  term  for  the  symptoms  produced 
by  retention  of  the  secundines.  The  Avord  was 
iijso  applied,  by  the  Greeks,  to  a  second  or  infe- 
rior wine. 

DEUTERION,  Secundines. 

DEUTEROPATHI'A,  Hysteropathi'a,  Morbus 
secnnda'rhis,  from  ievrtpos,  'the  second,'  and 
tra^og,  '  disease.'  A  secondai-y  disease.  One  pro- 
duced by  another,  and  of  which  it  is  only,  in 
some  measure,  symptomatic,  or  the  sympathetic 
effect. 

DEUTEROS'COPY,  Deuteroscop'ia,  from  Sev- 
rspof,  'the  second,'  and  o-KOTrtw,  'I  view.'  Se- 
cond sight.  A  fancied  power  of  seeing  future 
things  or  events. 

DEUTO,  SsvTepo;,  'second.'  A  prefix  denoting 
two,  or  double, — as  deutoxide,  having  two  degrees 
of  oxidation. 

DEVEL'OPMENT,  Evolu'tio,  from  (F.)  deve- 
lopper,  '  to  unfold.'  In  Physiology,  it  means 
growth  or  increase;  and  in  Pathology,  its  signi- 
fication is  similar.  By  development  of  the  pulse, 
e.  g.  is  understood  an  increase  in  its  strength  and 
fulness.  Diseases  of  development,  ilorhi  evolu- 
tio'nia,  are  such  as  are  peculiar  to  the  period  of 
growth. 

'Taking  Developments.'  A  term  used  by 
practical  craniologists  to  signify  the  act  of  mea- 
suring prominences  of  the  skull,  which  are  re- 
garded by  them  as  indicating  the  size  of  corre- 
Bponding  cerebral  organs. 

Development,  Vesicle  of,  see  Vesicle  of  De- 
velopment. 

DEVERTICULUM,  Diverticulum. 

DEVIA'TION,  Bevia'tio,  from  de,  'from,'  and 
via,  '  the  way.'  Out  of  the  way.  i3y  this  word 
is  meant  —  a  vicious  curvature  of  the  spine  or 
other  bones ;  —  faulty  direction  of  the  teeth  or 
other  part ;  —  the  passage  of  blood,  bile,  urine, 
milk,  <fcc.,  into  vessels  not  natural  to  them. 

BEVIATION  BES  BE  OLE  S,  Menstruation 
(vicarious.) 

DEVIL  IN  A  BUSH,  Nigella— d.  Bit,  Vera- 
trum  viride. 

DEVIL'S  BIT,  Aletris  farinosa,  Scabiosa  suc- 
?iRa-  Ghamaalirium  luteum  —  d.  Bite,  Liatris  —  d. 
Dung,  Asafoetida — d.  Shoestrings,  (Jalega  Virgi- 
nian a. 

DEVIRGINATIO,  Defloration,  Stuprum. 
lJ&V01EMENT,J)i&nh^su 


DEWBERRY,  AMERICAN,  see  Rubus  CECsiua 
— d.  Plant,  Rubus  esesius. 

DEWCLAWS,  Crusta  genu  equina. 

DEXIS,  Degmus. 

DEXOCAR'DIA,  from  ^z^iog,  'right,'  and  Kap- 
hia,  '  the  heart.'  A  case  in  which  the  heart  i» 
found  to  beat  on  the  right  side.  It  is  met  with 
occasionally  in  pleurisy  and  pneumothorax. 

DEX'TANS.  A  weight  of  10  ounces,  suppos- 
ing the  pound  to  consist  of  12. 

DEXTERINA,  Dextrine. 

DEXTRAD,  from  dexter,  'right-handed.'  A 
term  used  adverbially  by  Dr.  Barclay  to  signify 
'  towards  the  dextral  aspect.'     See  Mesial. 

Dextral  Aspect,  see  Mesial. 

DEXTRAL'ITY,  from  dexter,  'right.'  The 
state  of  being  on  the  right  side.  Right-handed- 
ness.    The  state  of  being  right-handed. 

DEXTRIN,  Bextrine,  Bextri'num,  Bexteri'va, 
British  gum,  from  dexter,  'right-handed.'  So 
called,  from  its  refracting  the  rays,  in  the  polari- 
zation of  light,  more  to  the  right  hand  than  any 
substance  known.  A  substance  obtained  by  the 
continued  action  of  diluted  sulphuric  acid  upon 
starch  at  the  boiling  point.  It  is  used  in  the 
treatment  of  fractures,  by  the  'immovable  appa- 
ratus.' The  bandages  are  soaked  in  a  solution, 
in  water,  of  the  dextrine  —  previously  moistened 
thoroughly  with  tincture  of  camphor,  to  prevent 
it  from  leaking  when  the  water  is  added.  The 
solution  should  be  of  the  consistence  of  molasses. 

DEXTRINUM,  Dextrine. 

DI,  6i,  Sti,  'bis,  twice,  double.'  Hence,  Biero- 
tus,  Bigastricus,  &c. 

DIA,  (5ta,  in  composition,  'through,  asunder, 
out  of,  separated.'  When  prefixed  to  any  thera- 
peutical agent,  it  meant,  in  ancient  pharmacj',  a 
preparation  into  which  that  agent  entered. 

DIABE^BOS,  Astragalus,  Malleolus. 

BIABETE,  Diabetes— tZ.  Chyleux,  Chyluria— 
d.  Faux,  see  Diabetes — d.  Insipide,  see  Diabetes 
— d.  Sucre,  Diabetes  (mellitus.) 

DIABE'TES,  from  6ia,  'through,'  and  jSaivu, 
'  I  pass.'  Vri'ncB  .  proflii'vium,  Hyperdiure' sis, 
Siptho  uri'ncB,  Urorrhag"ia,  Polyu' ria,  Hydropts 
ad  mat'idam,  H.  Matel'lce,  Polyure'sis,  Uroze'mia, 
Ureorrhoe' a,  Bip'sacos,  Biarrhoe'a  in  Vrind,  B. 
iirino'sa,  (F.)  Biabete,  Flux  d' Urine.  A  disease, 
characterized  by  great  augmentation  and  often 
manifest  alteration  in  the  secretion  of  urine  ;  with 
excessive  thirst,  and  progressive  emaciation.  Cul- 
len  has  described  two  species: — Biabetes  ivsip'- 
idus  and  B.  3feUi'tus;  the  former,  (F.)  Biabete 
faux  ou  insipide,  Biabete,  being,  simplj',  a  super- 
abundant discharge  of  limpid  urine,  of  its  usual, 
urinary  taste :  the  latter,  B.MeUi'tus,  called,  also, 
Par u' ria  Melli'ta,  Biabetes  An'gUcus,  B.  verus, 
Bfelitu'ria,  Ghteosu'ria,  Glycyrrhce'a  urino'sa, 
Uroze'mia  melli'ta,  Saccharorrhce'a  urino'sa, 
PhtMsu'ria,  Uro-phthi'sis,  Tabes  diuret'ica  sen 
diabe'tica,  Byspep'sia  saccharii/"ena,  Apoceno'- 
sis  Biabetes  ilcUi'tus,  Sac'cJiarine  diabetes,  (F.) 
Biabete  sucre,  Hyperurorrhee  saccharine,  Phthi- 
surie  sucree,  —  falls  under  the  definition  given 
above.  The  quantity  of  urine,  discharged  in  the 
24  hours,  is  sometimes  excessive,  amounting  to 
30  pints  and  upwards ;  each  pint  containing 
sometimes  2i  oz.  saccharine  matter.  This  re- 
places the  urea,  which  is  not  found  in  quantity 
in  the  urine  of  those  labouring  under  diabetes. 
Where  the  disease  is  situate  is  not  clear.  The 
whole  system  of  nutrition,  however,  seems  to  be 
morbidly  implicated.  A  part  of  the  urine  must 
be  formed  at  the  expense  of  the  system,  as  the 
egesta  frequently  far  exceed  the  solid  and  liquid 
ingosta.  On  dissection,  no  morbid  appearance  is 
met  with,  sufficient  to  enable  us  to  fix  on  the  seat 
of  this  distressing  affection. 


DIABETIC 


^83 


DIURESIS 


All  the  remedies  that  have  heen  tried  have 
usually  been  found  insufficient  in  B.  Mellitus, 

D.insip'idtis,  Hyperure'sia  aquo'sa,  Hydru'ria, 
Hydrare'sis,  Paru'ria  incon'tinena  aquo'sa,  Dia- 
be'tes  spu'rius,  Urorrlice'a,  U'real  Diabetes,  (F.) 
Polyurie,  Hyperurrorrhee,  Diahete  insijiide,  Faux 
diahete,  which  occurs  in  hysterical  habits,  and 
has,  hence,  been  called  D.  hyster'icus,  is  of  com- 
paratively trifling  moment.  Exclusive  diet,  and 
attention  to  the  state  of  the  cutaneous  transpira- 
tion, which  have  sometimes  produced  good  effects 
in  D.  Mellitus,  have  most  commonly  failed. 

Diabetes  Anglicus,  see  Diabetes  —  d.  Chylo- 
sus,  Chyluria — d.  Insipidus,  see  Diabetes  —  d. 
Lactea,  Chyluria — d.  Mellitus,  see  Diabetes — d. 
Spurius,  see  Diabetes  —  d.  Ureal,  see  Diabetes — 
d.  Verus,  Diabetes  (mellitus.) 

DIABET'IC,  Diabe'ticus.  Same  etymon.  Ee- 
lating  to  diabetes. 

Diabetic  Sugar,  Glucose. 

DIABOT'ANUM,  from  Sta,  and  PoTavv,  'an 
herb.'  A  medicine,  prepared  with  herbs. — Galen. 

DIABROSIS,  Erosion,  Corrosion. 

DIABRO'TICUS,  from  oia,  and  PpoKTKoi,  'I  eat 
or  corrode.'  A  substance,  capable  of  causing  ero- 
sion of  the  part  to  which  it  is  applied.  It  ordina- 
rily means  a  medicine,  whose  activity  places  it 
between  escharotics  and  caustics.   See  Corrosive. 

DIACAR'YON,  from  Sia,  and  Kapvov,  '  a  nut.' 
Hob  nucum.     The  rob  of  nuts  or  of  walnuts. 

DIACASSIA  CUM  MANNA,  Confectio  cassic^. 

DIACATHOL'ICON,  Diacathol'icum,  from  iia, 
and  Ka^oXiKos,  '  universal.'  The  name  of  a  purge, 
so  called  from  its  general  usefulness.  It  was  an 
electuary,  and  composed  of  the  pulp  of  cassia, 
tamarinds,  leaves  of  senna,  root  of  polypody,  flow- 
ers of  the  violet,  rhubarb  root,  aniseed,  sugar, 
liquorice,  and  fennel. 

DIACAU'SIS,  from  SiaKavoi,  'I  burn.'  Esces- 
tive  heat.     Over-heating. 

DIACAUST'IC,  Diacaiist'icus.  Same  etymon. 
That  which  is  caustic  by  refraction  ;  as  a  double 
convex  lens,  which  has  been  sometimes  used  for 
cauterizing  an  ulcer  by  directing  the  sun's  rays 
upon  it. 

DIACELTATESSON  PARACELSI,  Pulvis 
Cornachini. 

DIACHALA'SIS,  from  Sia^aXasiv,  'to  be  open 
or  relaxed."  Hippocrates  uses  this  word  for  frac- 
ture of  the  bones  of  the  skull ;  or  for  relaxation 
and  separation  of  the  sutures,  in  consequence  of 
a  wound  of  the  head. — Hippocrates. 

DIACHALCIT'EOS,  from  Sta,  and  ^aA/ciTij, 
'  ehalcitis  or  colcothar.'  A  plaster,  whose  com- 
position is  the  same  as  that  of  the  diapalma, 
except  that,  in  place  of  the  sulphate  of  zinc,  a 
mixture  of  oil  and  colcothar  is  substituted. 

DIACHEIRIS'MOS,  Diacheir'isis,  Tracta'tio 
manua'ria,  from  iia,  and  %s(p,  '  the  hand.'  The 
preparation,  administration,  and  dispensing  of 
medicines. — Hippocrates. 

DIACHORE'MA,  Biachore' sis,  from  5ja;^fc)p£0), 
'  I  separate  from.'  Every  kind  of  excreted  mat- 
ter and  excretion ;  but  more  particularly  the 
faeces  and  alvine  excretion.  —  Foesius,  Gorraeus. 
See  Excrement. 

DiACHOREMA  Xysmatodes,  866  Ramcnta  intes- 
tinorum. 

DIACHORESIS,  Excretion. 

DIACHRISIS,  Inunction, 

DIACHRIST'A,  from  &La,  and  xp'",  'I  anoint.' 
Medicines,  applied  as  abstergents  to  the  velum 
palati,  the  palate  itself,  the  tongue,  <fcc.  Pro- 
bably gargles. — Paulus  of  Mginm. 

DIACH'YLON,  Biath'ylum,  Emplas'trum  di- 
tLch'ylon,  irom  &ia,  and  ')(v\oi,  'juice;'  i,  e.  com- 


posed of  juices.  The  plaster  of  this  name  vvaa 
formerly  made  of  certain  juices.  The  term  is 
now  confined  to  the  Emplastrust  Pldmbi  or 
Lead  Plaster. 

Diachylon  cuir  Gummi,  Emplastrum  gummo- 
sum — d.  Gomme,  Emplastrum  cum  guinmi-resini? 
— d.  Gum,  Emplastrum  gummosum — d.  Magnum 
cum  gummi,  Emplastrum  galbani  comp. — d.  Sim- 
plex, Emplastrum  plumbi — d.  White,  Emplastrum 
plumbi — d.  Yellow,  Emplastrum  gummosum. 

DIACHYT'ICA,  from  6ta,  and  x^''^>  'I  POur 
out.'     Medicines  which  discuss  tumours. 

DIACINE'MA,  from  ka,  and  Kiveta,  'I  move.' 
A  slight  dislocation.  —  Celsus,  Galen.  A  sub- 
luxation. 

DIACLASIS,  Refraction. 

DIAC'LYSIS,  Biaclys'mus,  from  Sia,  and  k^v- 
^£iv,  'to  wash  out.'  Rinsing  or  cleansing — espe- 
cially of  the  mouth. 

DIACLYSMA,  Gargarism. 

DIACOCCYMELON,  Diaprunum. 

DIACODION,  Syrupus  papaveris. 

DIACO'DIUM,  Confec'tioex  Capit'ibus Papav'- 
eris,  from  Sin,  and  KoiSta,  'a  poppyhead.'  (F.) 
Diacode.  The  ancients  had  various  forms  for 
preparing  it.  The  Syrup  of  Poppies — jSyr'npus 
Papav'eris  seu  Biaco'dion  —  is  now  substituted 
for  it. 

DIACOPE,  Abscission,  Dissection,  Intersection. 

DiAc'oPE,  En' cope,  from  iia,  and  Korrrtiv,  '  to 
cut.'  A  cut,  incision,  fissure,  or  longitudinal 
fracture.  When  used,  since  Galen,  it  generally 
signifies  an  oblique  incision,  made  in  the  cranium 
by  a  sharp  instrument,  without  the  piece  being 
removed.     It  is  not  now  employed. 

DiAC'oPE  Cra'nii,  Praicis'io  seu  Bissec'tio 
Cra'nii.  Opening  the  head;  and  separation  of 
the  bones  of  the  cranium. 

DIACOPR^'GIA,  from  Sta,  Ko^pog,  'excre- 
ment,' and  aif,  aiyo;,  'a  goat.'  A  name  given, 
in  Blancard's  Lexicon,  to  a  medicine,  composed 
of  goat's  dung,  which  the  ancients  j)raised  in  dis- 
eases of  the  spleen,  parotids,  &c. 

DIAC'RISES,  from  Sta,  and*pn'w,  'I  separate.' 
A  class  of  diseases  characterized  by  alterations 
of  secretion. — Gendrin. 

DIACRIT'ICA  SIG'NA.  Same  etymon. 
Signs  by  which  one  disease  can  be  accurately 
discriminated  from  another: — differen'tial  diag~ 
no' sis. 

DIACYDONITES,  Cydoniatum. 

DIADELPHIA  DECANDRIA,  Geoffrjea 
vermifuga. 

DIADE'MA,  Fascia  cap'ifis,  Redimic'ulum, 
from  Sia&tiji,  {Sta,  and  Ssiv,  'to  bind.')  'I  sur- 
round.' A  sort  of  bandage  ;  advised  in  headach, 
in  which  relaxation  of  the  sutures  was  appre- 
hen  ded. — Forestus. 

DIADEX'IS,  Biad'oche,  Mefafopfo'sis,  from 
SiaSf)(o)iai,  (Sia,  and  Seconal,  'to  take  or  receive.') 
'I  transfer,'  'I  succeed  to.'  A  transformation 
of  a  disease  into  another,  differing  from  the 
former  both  in  its  nature  and  seat. 

DIADOCHE,  Diadexis. 

DIAD'OSIS,  from  SiaStS(aitt,  'to  distribute.' 
In  some  authors,  it  means  the  distribution  of 
nutritive  matter  over  the  whole  body, — in  other 
words,  mitrition ;  whilst,  in  others,  it  is  synony- 
mous  with  the  remission  or  cessation  of  a  disease 

DI^DCE'US,  from  Si,  'double,'  and  aiSoia,  'tho 
parts  of  generation.'  A  monster  whose  organs 
of  generation  and  urinary  bladder  are  double.  It 
has  only  been  observed  in  animals. 

DI.^'RESIS,  from  Siaipta,  [Sia,  and  aiptto,  'I 
take  away,')  'I  divide,'  'I  separate.'  A  division 
or  solution  of  continuity.    A  surgical  operatioa. 


DI^RETICUS 


284 


DIAPHKAGM 


■which  consists  in  dividing  any  part  of  the  hody. 
flmmorrhag" ia  per  diee'resin  is  hemorrhage  ow- 
ing to  separation  or  division  of  vessels. 

Diuresis  Ungulje,  Onychoptosis. 

DI^RETICUS,  Caustic. 

DI^TA,  Diet — d.  Lactea,  Galactodiseta. 

DliETE'MA  has  the  same  signification  as 
diet,  with  most  authors.  Galen  gives  it  a  more 
extensive  meaning,  comprising,  under  it,  what 
constitutes  Hygiene. 

DI^TETICA,  Dietetics. 

DIAGNOSE,  Diagnosticate. 

DIAGNO'SIS,  Bif/no'tto,  JDiagnos'tice,  Bepre- 
hen'sio,  from  Sia,  and  ytvocrKO),  '  I  know.'  Discri- 
mination, (F.)  Diagnose,  Diagnostique.  That  part 
of  medicine  whose  object  is  the  discrimination  of 
diseases,  the  knowledge  of  the  pathognomonic 
signs  of  each.  It  is  one  of  the  most  important 
branches  of  general  pathology. 

Diagnosis,  Differential,  see  Diacritica  signa. 

DIAGjSTOS'TIC,  Disereti'vus,  Biagnos'ticus ; 
same  etymon.  A  symptom  which  is  characteris- 
tic of  a  disease. 

DIAGNOS '  TICATE,  —  sometimes  diagnose. 
To  discriminate  one  disease  or  phenomenon  from 
another. 

DIAGRYDIUM,  Convolvulus  scammonia. 

Diagryd'ium  Cydonia'tuii,  from  diagrydium, 
'scammony,'  and  eydonium,  'quince.'  A  phar- 
maceutical preparation,  obtained  by  inspissating 
and  drying,  by  means  of  heat,  two  parts  of  scam- 
mony  and  one  of  quince  juice.  It  was  formerly 
used  as  an  energetic  purgative. 

Diagryd'ium  Glycyrrhiza'tum.  An  analo- 
gous preparation,  containing  extract  of  liquorice 
in  place  of  quince  juice. 

Diagryd'ium  Sulphura'tum.  Scammony, 
which  has  been  exposed  to  the  vapour  of  burning 
Bulphur.     These  diagrydia  are  not  now  used. 

DIALEIPSIS,  Apyrexia,  Intermission. 

DIALEIPYRA,  Intermittent  fever. 

DIALEMMA,  Apyrexia. 

DIALEP'SIS,  Intercep'tio,  from  StaXajiPavoi,  '1 
intercept.'  —  Hippocrates  employs  this  word  for 
the  interstices,  or  intervals,  left  between  the  turns 
of  a  bandage. 

DIALIPSIS,  Apyrexia,  Intermissio. 

DIAL'YSIS,  Dissolu'tio,  from  hia,  and  \xiaig, 
'solution.'  A  dissolution  or  loss  of  strength. 
Resola'tio  vir'ium.  Weakness  of  the  limbs. 
Also,  a  solution  of  continuity. 

BFAIIAN'T,  Diamond. 

DIAMASTEMA,  Masticatory. 

DIAM'BR^  SPE'CIES.  A  name  given  by 
the  ancients  to  powders,  one  of  which  bore  the 
name — Spe'cies  diam'brcB  sine  odora'tis, — the 
other,  that  of  Spe'cies  diam'brm  cum  odora'tis. 
The  former  was  composed  of  cinnamon,  angelica 
root,  cloves,  mace,  nutmeg,  galanga,  cardamom, 
and  numerous  other  substances  j  the  latter,  be- 
sides, had  ambergris  and  mxisk.  These  powders 
were  used  as  tonics,  in  cases  of  debility  of  the 
stomach,  and  in  certain  nervous  affections. 

DIAMNES,  Enuresis. 

DI'AMOND,  Ad'amas,  from  a,  privative,  and 
Sanaoi,  '1  conquer.'  'Invincible;'  (F.)  Biamant. 
So  called  from  its  hardness.  It  is  the  most  pre- 
cious of  all  stones,  and  was  formerly  conceived 
to  possess  extraordinary  cordial  virtues. 

DIAMO'RUM,  Hob  ex  moris,  from  iia,  and 
utaoov.  'a  mulberry.'  An  ancient  syrup  prepared 
with  honey  and  mulberry  juice.  It  was  em- 
ployed as  a  gargle  in  sore  throat. — Galen. 

DIAMOTO'SIS,  from  ftoTog,  'charpie,'  'lint.' 
The  introduction  of  lint  into  an  ulcer  or  wound. 

DIANA,  Argentum. 

1>1ANANCAS'MUS,  from  ka,  and  avayKa^ut, 


'I  force.'  Coaptation,  reduction  of  a  fractured 
or  luxated  limb. 

DIANOEMA,  Imagination. 

DIAN'THUS  CARYOPHYL'LUS,  from  A«, 
'  Jove.'  (?)  av^oi,  '  flower,'  and  caryophyllum, 
'the  clove.'  Clove  Pink.  Also  called  Oaryo- 
phyl'lam  rubrum,  Tu'nica,  Tu'niea  horten'sis,  T. 
rubra,  Caryophyl'lus  horten'sis,  Clove  July  fiower, 
Gil'lifiower,  Carna'tion.  Order,  Caryophylleae. 
(F.)  CEillet  giroflee.  The  flowers  were  once 
much  used;  but  are  now  only  employed  in 
syrup,  as  a  useful  and  pleasant  vehicle  for  other 
medicines. 

DIAPAL'MA,  PhcBnic"ium  Emplas'trum.  A 
plaster  composed  of  equal  parts  of  litharge,  oUre 
oil,  axunge,  water,  a  certain  quantity  of  sulphate 
of  zinc  dissolved  in  water,  and  ichite  wax.  It  is 
classed  amongst  the  topical,  desiccative,  emol- 
lient, resolvent,  detersive,  and  cicatrizing  medi- 
cines. Mixed  with  a  quarter  of  its  weight  of 
olive  oil,  it  acquires  the  consistence  of  an  oint- 
ment, and  forms  the  Cerate  of  Bia2}al'ma, 

DIAPASMA,  Catapasma. 

DIAPEDE'SIS,  Transuda'tio,  Persuda'tio, 
Persulta'tio,  from  dLairriSau),  'I  leap  through.' 
Exhalation,  as  of  blood,  in  the  form  of  dew.  at 
the  surface  of  the  skin,  or  of  any  membrane ; 
Sweating,  of  blood,  (F.)  Sueur  de  Sang,  Hamor- 
rhag"ia  per  diapede'sin,  Hamatopede'ais,  Hcemi' 
dro'sis. 

DIAPENSIA  CORTUSA,  Sanicula. 

DIAPEN'TES  or  DIAPENTE,  from  ha,  and 
■ncvrri,  'five.'  A  medicine  composed  of  five  in- 
gredients.    See  Diatessaron. 

DIAPHCE'NICON,  Biaphce'nix,  Ifedietimen'- 
tum  ex  Pal'mulis,  from  Bia,  and  <poivi^,  '  a  date.' 
A  drastic  electuary,  of  which  the  date  was  the 
chief  excipient. 

DIAPHORE'SIS,  from  hai^opm,  {iia,  and 
(popeu,  'I  convey,')  'I  dissipate.'  A  greater  de- 
gree of  perspiration  than  natural,  but  less  than  in 
sweating.     Every  kind  of  cutaneous  evacuation. 

DIAPHORET'IC.  Same  etymon;  Biapno'- 
icus,  Biaphoret'iciis.  A  medicine  which  excites 
diaphoresis.  Diaphoretics  are  very  uncertain  as 
a  class.  The  following  is  a  list  of  the  most  re- 
puted : — Ammoniae  Acetatis  Liquor;  Ammonia) 
Carbonas ;  Antimonialis  pulvis ;  Antimonii  et 
Potassa3  Tartras ;  Antimonii  Sulphuretum  prae- 
cipitatum;  Asclepias  tuberosa;  Camphora ;  Con- 
trayerva;  Dulcamara;  Eupatorium  perfoliatum  ; 
Guaiaci  Lignum ;  Guaiacum  ;  Ipecacuanha;  Me- 
zereum;  Opium,  and  its  active  principle  Mor- 
phia; Sarsaparilla;  Sassafras;  Serpentaria;  Spi- 
ritus  .^theris  Nitrici ;  Sulphur ;  Xanthoxylum  ; 
Caloric;  Exercise,  (active;)  and  Friction. 

The  epithet  Biaphoretic  has  also  been  given, 
by  some,  to  continued  fever,  accompanied  witli 
constant  perspiration. 

Diaphoretic,  Mineral,  Antimonium  diapho- 
reticum. 

DIAPHORETICUM  JOVIALE,  see  Anti- 
hectic. 

DI'APHRAGM,  Biaphrag'ma,  Biaphrax'is, 
Respirato' rium  Ventfis,  Discreto'rium,  Phrcnts, 
Septum  transver'sum,  Biscri'men  Thora'cia  et 
Ventris,  Biseeptum,  Cine'tus,  Biazo'ma,  Prtr- 
cinc'tus,  Biazos'ma,  Biazos'tra,  Hypezo' ens,  Hy- 
pozo'ma,  Perizo'ma,  Bissep'tum,  Bissi2)'ium,  Pra- 
cor'dia,  Succin'gens  membra'na  vel  mus'cidus, 
Succinc'tus,  Succinctti'ra,  the  Midriff,  from  ha, 
'  between,'  and  (ppacab),  '  1  close.'  A  large,  azy- 
gous  muscle;  stretched  transversely  between  the 
thoracic  and  abdominal  cavities,  which  it  sepa- 
rates from  each  other ;  tendinous  in  the  centre ; 
thin,  almost  circular,  and  unequally  convex,  up- 
wards. It  is  fleshy  at  its  circumference,  which 
is  attached  to  the  cartilage    ensiformis,   to  the 


DIAPHRAGMA  AURIS 


285 


DIARRHCEA 


laol  six  ribs,  to  the  aponeurosis  stretched  from 
tho  last  rib  to  the  transverse  process  of  the  first 
lumbar  vertebra:  and,  lastly,  to  the  bodies  of  the 
first  three  or  four  lumbar  vertebras.  When  it 
contracts,  its  fibres  become  straight,  the  chest  is 
enlarged,  and  the  abdomen  diminished.  It  is 
then  an  inspiratory  muscle.  It  may,  also,  dimi- 
nish the  capacity  of  the  chest,  and  be  an  expira- 
tory muscle.  This  muscle  plays  an  important 
part  in  sighing,  yawning,  coughing,  sneezing, 
laughing,  sobbing,  crying,  hiccoughing,  singing, 
vomiting,  the  excretion  of  the  faeces  and  urine, 
the  expulsion  of  the  foetus,  &o. 

DIAPHRAGMA  AURIS,  see  Tympanum— d. 
Cerebri,  Tentorium — d.  Narium,  Septum  narium 
d.  Ventriculorum  lateralium  cerebri,  Septum  lu- 
cidum. 

DIAPHRAGMAL  'GIA,  DiaplragmataVgia, 
from  Scatppayiia,  'the  diaphragm,'  and  aXyog, 
'pain.'     Pain  in  the  diaphragm. 

DIAPHRAGMATALGIA7Diaphragmalgia. 
DIAPHRAGMAT'IC,  Blaphragmat'ieus.    Be- 
longing to  the  diaphragm.     A  name  given  to 
several  vessels  and  nerves. 

Diaphragmat'ic  or  Phrenic  Ar'teries.  These 
are  distinguished  into  superior  and  inferior.  The 
former,  called,  also,  siipradiaphragmat'ic,  are  two 
in  number,  one  on  each  side.  They  arise  from 
the  internal  mammary,  and  descend  along  the 
phrenic  nerve,  to  be  distributed  on  the  upper 
surface  of  the  diajDhragm.  The  latter,  or  infra- 
diajihragmat'ic,  are  also  two  in  number.  They 
arise  from  the  upper  part  of  the  abdominal  aorta, 
or  from  the  ccfiliac  artery,  and  divide  into  two 
principal  branches,  which  are  distributed  on  the 
lower  surface  of  the  diaphragm  and  in  its  sub- 
stance. 

The  superior  diapTiragmat'ic  veins  follow  the 
same  course  as  the  arteries,  and  empty  them- 
selves—  the  right,  into  the  vena  cava  superior; 
the  left,  into  the  corresponding  subclavian  vein. 
The  two  inferior  diaphragmatic  veins  open  into 
the  vena  cava  inferior. 

Diaphragmat'ic  Her'xia,  Phrenic  Hernia, 
Diajjhragraatoce'le.  The  abdominal  viscera  are 
occasionally  protruded  through  the  diaphragm, 
either  through  some  of  the  natural  apertures  in 
the  muscle,  or  through  deficiencies,  or  wounds, 
or  lacerations  in  it. 

Diaphragjiat'ic  or  Phrenic  Nerves,  Inter- 
nal i-espiratory  of  Sir  Charles  Bell,  are  two  in 
number ;  one  on  the  left  side,  the  other  on  the 


supposed  the  seat  of  the  (ppriv,  or  soul,  to  bo  the 
priecordia.  The  essential  symptoms  of  diaphrag- 
mitis  are  : — painful  constriction  around  the  prse- 
cordia,  with  small,  quick,  laborious  breathing.  It 
is  a  rare  disease. 

DIAPHRATTON  HYMEN,  Mediastinum— d. 
Membrana,  Mediastinum. 

DIAPHRAXIS,  Diaphragm. 

DIAPH'THORA,   Destntc'tio,   from   Sia,  and  , 
<p^cip£iv,    '  to    corrupt.'     Corruption   in   general ; 
more  especially  corruption  of  the  foetus  in  utero. 
Hippocrates.     Also,  corruption  of  the  blood  in 
the  stomach. — Galen.     See  Abortion. 

DIAPHYLAGTIC,  Prophylactic. 

DIAPH'YSIS,  from  Staipvu),  'I  rise  between.' 
Interstit"iiini,  Discrimina'tio  :  'an  interstice,  in- 
terval, division.'  Any  thing  that  separates  two 
bodies.  Also,  the  middle  part  or  body  of  a  long 
bone.  Corpus  Ossis.  One  of  the  ligaments  of  the 
knee. — Hippocrates,  Pare. 

DIA'PIA.  Some  lexicographers  use  this  word 
synonymously  with  Diapyesis  or  Suppueatiox, 
others  have  employed  it  in  opposition  to  Myopia. 

DIAPLASIS,  Conformation,  Reduction. 

DIAPLASMUS,  Conformation,  Reduction. 

DIAPNEUSIS,  Perspiration. 

DIAPNOE,  Perspiration. 

DIAPXCEA,  Perspiration. 

DIAPNOGENOUS  APPARATUS,  see  Per- 
spu-ation. 

DIAPNOICUS,  Diaphoretic. 

DIAPOPHYSES,  Transverse  processes  of  the 
vertebrte. 

DIAPORE'MA.  Anxiety,  jactitation;  from 
SiaTToptbi,  '  I  doubt.' 

DIAPRU'NUM,  Biacoecyme'lon.  A  purgative 
electuary,  of  which  the  pul}:)s  of  prunes  and  rhu- 
harh  formed  the  basis.  By  adding  to  the  dia- 
priinmn  simplex  a  24th  part  of  powdered  scam- 
mony,  the  Dinjiru'vum  resoluti'vum  seu  compos' - 
itum  was  formed.  It  was  more  active  than  the 
former. 

DIAPYEMA,  Empyema,  Suppuration. 

DIAPYESIS,  Suppuration  —  d.  Oculi,  Hypo- 
pyon. 

DIAPYET'ICA,  Dyapye'mata,  from  iia-avjijia, 
iia-!rvv(Tti,  {Sia,  and  irvov,  'pus,')  'suppuration.' 
Medicines  which  promote  suppuration. 

DIAPYETICUS,  Suppurative. 

DIARiE'MIA,  (F.)  Diaremie,  from  Sta, 
'through.'  pto),  'I  flow,'  and  'aifia,  'blood.'  A 
pathological   condition,    said  to  be    common   in 


right.     They  arise   from   the    second  and  third  |  sheep,  in  which  the  globules  of  the  blood  are  di- 
nerves  of  the  cervical  plexus,  about  the  middle  '  minished  in  quantity ;  the  blood  itself  thinner, 


of  the  neck,  and  receive  two  or  three  filaments 
from  the  brachial  plexus,  after  which  they  de- 
scend into  the  chest  at  the  sides  of  the  pericar- 
dium, and  are  distributed  on  the  diaphragm. 

Diaphragmat'ic  Plex'uses  are  two  in  num- 
ber; one  right,  and  the  other  left.  They  arise 
from  the  upper  part  of  the  solar  plexus,  by  a 
small  number  of  branches,  which  are  distributed 
to  the  diaphragm,  following  exactly  the  branches 
of  the  inferior  diaphragmatic  arteries. 

Diaphragmat'ic  Ring,  (F.)  Anneau  diaphrag- 
vi-aiique  of  Chaussier,  is  a  name  given  to  the 
irregularly  quadrilateral  aperture  by  which  the 
veua  cava  inferior  passes  through  the  diaphragm. 

DIAPHRAGMATITIS,  Diaphragmitis. 

DIAPHRAGMATOCELE,  see  Hernia. 

DIAPHRAGMI'TIS,  from  iia<ppayfjia,  'the  di- 
aphragm,' and  itig,  a  sufiix  denoting  inflamma- 
tion. Diap>hragmati' tis,  InJIamma'tio  septi  trans- 
ver'si,  Paraphreni' tis,  Empresma  Pleuri'tis  Dia- 
phragmat'ica,  Paraphrene'sis  Diaphrag^nat' ica, 
Inflammation  of  the  Di'aphragm.  The  terms, 
Parajihreni'tis  and  Paraphrene'sis  have  been 
abtained  from  the  Peripatetic  philosophy,  which 


and  transuding  through  the  coats  of  the  vessels 
into  the  cavities. — Delafore. 

DIAREMIE,  Diarffimia. 

DIARIA,  Ephemera. 

DIARRHAGE,  Fracture. 

DIARRHCE'A,  from  iia,  'throngh,'  and  ptu, 
'I  flow.'  Entcrorrhce'a,  Incontinen'tia  alvi,Alvi 
proflu'vitim,  A.  fiuxus  aquo'sus,  Ventris  jjrofn'- 
vium,  Coeliori-hce'a,  Cceliol'ysis,  Alvus  eita,  Vora- 
to'ria,  Coprorrhoe' a ,  Catar'rhus  intestina'lis,  Aid 
fliixus,  Rheuma,  Epiiph'ora  Alvi,Fluxus  alvi'nus, 
Lax'itas  alvi,  Deflttx'io,  Lax,  Looseness,  Purging, 
(F.)  Diarrhee,  Bevoiement,  Catarrhe  intestinal^ 
Fhix  de  Ventre,  Cours  de  Ventre,  Coiirante.  A 
disease  characterized  by  frequent  liquid  alvine 
evacuations,  and  generally  owing  to  inflammation 
or  irritation  of  the  mucous  membrane  of  the  in- 
testines. It  is  commonly  caused  by  errors  in 
regimen,  the  use  of  food  noxious  by  its  quality 
or  quantity,  &c.,  constituting  the  Biarrhoe'a  ster- 
cora'ria,  D.  Crapulo'sa-  of  writers.  It  may  be 
acute  or  chronic.  Many  varieties  have  bton 
made  by  some  nosologists — e.  g.  mucous, — iJiar- 
rhte'a  vmco'«a,  Blennoche'sin,  Blennoche'zia  ;  bl- 


DIARRHOiSCHBSIS 


286 


DIASTEMATOPYELIA 


lioas, — Heo-cholo'sis,  DiarrJice'a  hilio'sa  ;  serous, 
—  HyrJroche'zia,  Hydrodiarrhoe'a,  OrrhocTie'zia  ; 
dependent  upon  the  matters  evacuated.  Diarrhoea 
requires  diflerent  treatment,  according  to  its  na- 
ture. If  caused,  as  it  often  is,  by  improper  mat- 
ters in  the  intestinal  canal,  these  must  be  evacu- 
ated ;  and  the  astringent  plan  of  treatment  must 
not  be  adopted,  unless  the  discliarges  seem  kept 
up  by  irritability  of  the  intestines,  or  unless  they 
are  colliquative.  The  indiscriminate  use  of  as- 
tringents is  to  be  deprecated. 

A  very  fatal  diarrhoea  prevails  amongst  the 
native  inhabitants  of  India,  to  which  Mr.  Tytler 
has  given  the  name  Diarrhoe' a  hec'tica,  because, 
like  hectic  fever,  it  seems  to  obtain  habitual  pos- 
session of  the  constitution,  to  operate  upon  it 
with  scarcely  any  perceptible  intermission,  and, 
in  genera!,  to  defy  the  most  powerful  remedies. 

DiARRHCHA  Adiposa,  Gras-fondure  —  d.  cum 
Apepsia,  Lientery  —  d.  Arthritica,  Coeliagra — d. 
Biliosa,  see  Diarrhoea^ — d.  Carnosa,  Dysentery  — 
d.  Chylosa,  Coeliae  flux — d.  Chymosa,  Cceliac  flux 
— d.  Crapulosa,  see  Diarrhoea — ^d.  Cruenta,  Hffi- 
matochezia — d.  Dyspeptica,  Lientery  —  d.  Hepa- 
tica,  Hepatirrhcea — d.  Ingestorum,  Lientery — d. 
Lienteria,  Lientery — d.  Mucosa,  see  Diarrhoea — 
d.  Purulenta,  Pyochezia — d.  Sanguinolenta,  Ha3- 
matochezia — d.  Stercoraria,  see  Diarrhoea — d.  in 
Urina,  Diabetes  —  d.  Urinosa,  Diabetes. 

DIARRHOiS'CIIESIS,  from  Diarrhoea,  and 
rvEo-/?,  '  arrest.'  Arrest  of  a  diarrhoea. 
'  J)lAK'YllKO''DlKh,Diarthrodia'li8.  Relating 
to  diarthroses  or  movable  articulati.ons ;  as  diar- 
thro'dial  articulation.  Diarthro'dial  cartilages 
or  iucrup.tinrj  cartilages  are  the  cartilages  which 
Invest  the  articular  extremities  of  bones. 

DIARTHRO'SIS,  from  hta^^poio,  (Sia,  and 
apQpou},)  'I  separate  the  limbs,'  'I  articulate.' 
I)earticula'tio,  Prosartliro'sis,  Aparthro'sis,  Ah- 
articula'tio,  Coarticida' tio,  P erarticida' tio,  Rota'- 
tio,  (F.)  Emhoiture.  A  movable  articulation. 
One  which  permits  the  bones  to  move  freely  on 
each  other  in  every  direction,  as  in  the  case  of 
tie  shoulder  joint. 

DIASATYR'ION,  from  hta,  and  aarvpiov,  'the 
orchis  mas'cula.'  An  electuary,  of  which  this 
plant  formed  the  basis.  (?) — Myrepsus.  The  an- 
cients attributed  to  it  the  faculty  of  exciting  the 
organs  of  generation. 

DIASCINCI  ANTIDOTUS,  Mithridate. 

DIASCOR'DIUM,  from  Sia,  and  aKopStov,  'the 
■water  germander.'  An  electuary,  so  called  be- 
cause this  plant  entered  into  its  composition. 
The  Parisian  codex  has  a  formula  for  its  prepa- 
ration, under  the  title,  Electua'rium  opia'tnm  as- 
trin'gens  vel  diascor' dium.  {R.  fol.  scord.  ^iss, 
rosar.  riibr.,  histnrt.  rad.,  gentianm,  tormentillcB, 
Bern,  berber.  aa  ^ss,  zingib.,  piper,  long,  aa  ^ij, 
cassicB  lignecB,  cinnamom.,  dictamn.  Cretens.,  sty- 
rac.  calamit.,  galban.,  gum.  acacia  aa  §ss,  bol. 
oriental,  prmpar.  ^ij,  extract  vinos  opii.  ^ij,  mel. 
rosat.  prcep.  R)ij,  vin.  hispan.  Ibss :  fiat  electua- 
rium.)  In  place  of  the  sti/rax  calamita,  the  bal- 
eam  of  tolu  or  benjamin  may  be  used.  The  opium 
is,  in  this  preparation,  in  the  proportion  of  1  to 
184.  The  diascordium  is  employed  in  diarrhoea 
and  dysentery,  as  a  tonic,  stomachic,  and  astrin- 
gent. The  common  dose  is  from  a  scruple  to  a 
drachm  and  a  half.    See  Pulvis  cretaj  compositus. 

DIASOSTIC,  Prophylactic. 

JJIASPASIS,  Divulsio. 

DIASPER'MATON.  The  ancient  name  of 
Iwo  cataplasms,  composed  of  seeds.  —  Galen, 
I'aulus. 

DIASPHYXIS,  Pulse.  Also,  a  violent  beat 
♦•S"  the  pulse. 

DIASTAL'TIC,    Diastal'ticus;    from    lia, 


'through,'  and  cTeWui,  '1  contract.'  An  epithet 
applied  by  Dr.  Marshall  Hall  to  the  reflex  or 
excito-motory  system  of  nerves;  because  the 
actions  they  induce  are  performed  '  through'  the 
spinal  marrow  as  their  essential  centre. 

DIASTALTICUS,  Diastolic. 

DIASTASiE'MIA,  (F.)  Diastasemie,  from  &i- 
aaraaig,  'separation,'  and  'ai/io,  'blood.'  A  patho- 
logical condition,  characterized  by  a  separation 
of  the  elements  of  the  blood  globules  ; — the  fibrin 
and  albumen  separating  also  from  the  colouring 
matter,  whilst  the  fibrin  attaches  itself  to  the 
valves  of  the  heart. — Delafore. 

DIASTASE.  Same  etymon  as  the  next  but 
one.  A  vegetable  principle,  allied  in  its  general 
properties  to  gluten,  which  appears  in  the  ger- 
mination of  barley  and  other  seeds  and,  by  its 
presence,  converts  the  starch  into  sugar  and 
gum. 

DIASTASEMIE,  Diastaseemia. 

DIAS'TASIS,  from  ha,  and  larrjui,  '  to  place,' 
'separation,'  'distance.'  Diaste'ma,  Dissiden'tia. 
A  separation  of  bones,  and  particularly  of  the 
bones  of  the  cranium,  from  each  other;  of  the 
radius  from  the  ulna,  and  the  fibula  from  the 
tibia.  The  ancients  used  this  word  to  designate 
the  three  dimensions  of  the  body, —  length, 
breadth,  and  thickness;  for  the  interval  separat- 
ing the  patient  from  the  physician  ;  the  swelling 
of  varicose  veins ;  the  time  at  which  some  change 
occurred  in  disease,  <fec. 

DIASTEMA,  Diastasis,  Interstice. 

DIASTEMATELYT'RIA,  from  Siacrrina,  'in- 
terstice,' and  tXvTpov,  'vagina.'  An  organic  de- 
viation, characterized  by  a  longitudinal  division 
or  fissure  of  the  vagina. — Breschet. 

DIASTEMATENCEPHA'LIA,  from  Sia<7T,,f,o, 
and  tyicEc^uXoj,  '  the  brain.'  An  organic  deviation, 
consisting  in  a  longitudinal  division  of  the  brain. 
— Breschet. 

DIASTEMA'TIA,  from  Siaarniia.  A  term  em- 
ployed by  Breschet  for  an  organic  deviation, 
characterized  by  the  presence  of  a  fissure  in  the 
mesial  line  of  the  body. 

DIASTEMATOCAU'LIA,  from  Sta^Tniia,  and 
(caitAof,  'trunk.'  An  organic  deviation,  charac- 
terized by  a  longitudinal  division  of  the  trunk. 

DIASTEMATOCHEI'LIA,  from  hacTr,ixa,  and 
;;^'i:(Xof,  'the  lip.'  An  organic  deviation,  consist- 
ing in  a  longitudinal  division  or  fissure  of  the  lip. 

DIASTEMATOCRA,'NIA,  from  biaarnna,  and 
Kpavwv,  '  the  cranium.'  An  organic  deviation, 
consisting  in  a  longitudinal  deviation  of  the  cra- 
nium. 

DIASTEMATOCYS'TIA,  from  hacrr,pa,  and 
KVdTii,  'bladder.'  An  organic  deviation,  chara*'- 
terized  by  a  longitudinal  division  of  the  urinary 
bladder. 

DIASTEMATOGAS'TRIA,  from  biaarnya,  and 
yaarrip,  'the  stomach.'  An  organic  deviation, 
characterized  by  a  longitudinal  division  of  the 
stomach. 

DIASTEMATOGLOS'SIA,  from  hacmna.  and 
yXutro-a,  'tongue.'  An  organic  deviation,  chara<'- 
terized  by  a  longitudinal  division  or  fissure  of  tho 
tongue. 

DIASTEMATOGNA'THIA,  from  haar,,^,., 
and  yvaOos,  'jaw.'  An  orgnnic  deviation,  ch.-i- 
racterizcd  by  a  longitudinal  division  of  the  jaw. 

DIASTEMATOME'TRIA,  from  Siacmtia,  and 
UnTpa,  'womb.'  An  organic  deviation,  charac- 
terized by  a  longitudinal  division  or  fissure  of  the 
womb. 

DIASTEMATOPYEL'IA,  from  haamyia,  and 
TTUfXof,  'pelvis.'    An  organic  deviation,  charatf- 


DIASTEMA  TORACHIA 


287 


DICTAMNUS 


terized  by  a  longitudinal  division  or  fissure  of 
tlio  pelvis. 

DIASTEMATORA'CHIA,  from  iiaarr^jia,  and 
pa^K,  '  spine.'  An  organic  deviation,  characte- 
rized by  a  longitudinal  division  or  fissure  of  the 
spine. 

DIASTEMATORHI'NIA,  from  haarnna,  and 
piv,  'the  nose.'  An  organic  deviation,  characte- 
rized by  a  longitudinal  division  of  the  nose. 

DIASTEMATOSTAPHYL'IA,  from  biacrrrjixa, 
and  aTaipvXri,  '  uvula.'  An  organic  deviation, 
cliaraoterized  by  a  longitudinal  division  of  the 
uvula. 

DIASTEMATOSTER'NIA,  from  6ia<TTnixa,  and 
crepvov,  'the  sternum.'  An  organic  deviation, 
characterized  by  a  longitudinal  division  of  the 
Bternnm. 

DIASTEMENTER'IA,  from  Siacrtifia,  and 
evTcpov,  '  intestine.'  An  organic  deviation,  cha- 
racterized by  a  longitudinal  division  of  the  in- 
testine. 

BIAS'TOLE,  from  SiaaTcWw,  (^Sia  and  trrtXXci), 
'I  send,')  'I  dilate,'  'I  open.'  Eelu.xa'tio  seu 
Remis'sio  cordis  et  arteria'rum.  Dilatation  of 
the  heart  and  arteries,  when  the  blood  enters 
their  cavities.  It  is  the  opposite  movement  to 
systole,  in  which  tho  heart  and  arteries  contract 
to  send  forth  the  blood.  Diastole  and  systole  are, 
consequently,  successive  movements.  Diastole, 
Motus  cordis  diastal'ticus,  occurs  simultaneously 
in  the  two  ventricles.  The  almost  inappreciable 
time,  which  elapses  between  the  diastole  and 
systole  has  been  called  perisys'tole,  and  that 
which  succeeds  to  the  diastole,  peridiastole. 
When  we  speak  of  the  contraction  or  systole  of 
the  heart,  as  well  as  of  its  diastole  or  dilatation, 
we  mean  that  of  the  ventricles.  This  dilatation 
is  active. 

DIASTOLEUS,  Dilator. 

DIAS'TOLIC,  Diastol'icus,  Diastal'ticus ; 
same  etymon.  Belonging  to  the  diastole  of  the 
heart — as  'diastolic  impulse  of  the  heart.' 

Diastolic  Impulse  ob  the  Heart,  see  Im- 
pulse, diastolic. 

DIASTOMO'TRIS,  from  bLaaTopo(a,  {6ia,  and 
CTop-a,  'mouth.')  'I  dilate  an  aperture.'  Dilat- 
ing instruments,  such  as  the  different  kinds  of 
specula  for  the  mouth,  anus,  vagina,  Ac. 

DIASTREMMA,Distortion,Perversion,Sprain. 

DIASTROPHE,  Distortion,  Perversion,  Sprain. 

DIAT'ASIS,  Disten'sio,  from  Siarcivio,  (gia, 
and  Teivo),  'I  stret-ch,')  'I  distend.'  Tension. 
The  reduction  of  a  fracture  by  extension  and 
counter-extension. 

DIATES'SARON,  from^ta,  a.ndTC(T<7apes,  'four. 
An  electuary,  into  the  composition  of  which  en- 
tered four  medicines ;  viz.  the  roots  of  gentian, 
aristolochia  rotunda,  and  hay-herrics,  each  ^ij, 
honey  R)ij.  The  whole  was  incorporated  with 
extract  of  juniper.  The  diapentes  is  nothing 
more  than  this  electuary,  mixed  with  two  ounces 
of  ivory  shavings.  The  diatessaron  is  tonic,  and 
it  was  formerly  employed  in  cases  of  stings  and 
bites  of  venomous  animals.  It  was  regarded  as 
cmmenagogue,  alexiterial,  and  alexipharmic. 

DIATH'ESIS,  from  Siandfipi,  (Sia,  and  TiOriftt, 
'to  place,')  'I  dispose.'  Disposition,  constitu- 
tion, aflfection  of  the  body  :  predisposition  to  cer- 
tain diseases  rather  than  to  others;  —  (P.)  Immi- 
nence morbide.  The  principal  diatheses,  men- 
tioned by  authors,  are  the  cancerous,  scrofulous, 
scorbutic,  rheumatic,  ffouty  and  calculous. 

Diathesis  H^iroRRnoiDALis,  see  Hajmor- 
rhoids — d.  Hemorrhagic,  Hematophilia — d.  Ner- 
vosa, Nervous  diathesis  —  d.  Rheumatic,  see 
Rheumatic  —  d.  Sthenica,  Sthenia. 


DIATRAGACAN'THUS.  A  powder__  com- 
posed  of  (/a»(  tragacanth,  ^ij,  gum  Arabic,  ^l  ami 
gij,  starch,  3SS,  liquorice,  ^iij;  sis  much  of  th^ 
seeds  of  the  melon,  and  white  poppy  ;  seeds  of  the 
icater-melon,  cucumber,  and  gourd,  and  sugar 
candy  §iij.     It  was  used  as  a  demulcent. 

DIATRESIS,  Perforation. 

DIATRIMMA,  Chafing. 

DIATRINSANTALON,  see  Diatrion. 

DIATRI'ON,  Diatri'um,  from  Sia,  and  rput, 
'  three.'  A  medicine  composed  of  three  ingre- 
dients. There  were  formerly  two  kinds.  The 
first  was  called  Diatri'um  Pipe' r eon  spe'cies,  and 
was  formed  of  black  and  long  pepper,  aniseed, 
thyme,  and  ginger.  It  was  highly  stimulating. 
The  second  species  was  known  under  the  name, 
Diatrinsan'talon,  Diatri'um  Santalo'rum  pulvis, 
or  Poivder  of  the  three  Sanders.  They  were  con- 
sidered diaphoretic. 

DIATRITA'RII.  The  Methodists  were  so 
called,  who  pretended  to  cure  all  diseases  by 
subjecting  the  patients  to  treatment  every  third 
day. 

DIAT'RITOS.  Relating  to  every  third  day. 
A  means  used  by  the  Methodists  to  cure  disease. 

DIAZOMA,  Diaphragm. 

DIAZOSMA,  Diaphragm. 

DIAZOS'TER,  from  lua^uivvvjii,  (Sia,  and  ^u)v- 
vvixi,  'to  gird,')  '  I  surround.'  The  twelfth  ver- 
tebra of  the  back,  because  it  corresponds  to  the 

girdle,  ^uxrvrip. 

DIAZOSTRA,  Diaphragm. 

DICEN'TRA  CANADEN'SIS,  Sqmrrel  corn. 
Colic  weed.  Family,  Fumariacpa).  An  indigen- 
ous plant,  growing  from  Maine  to  Wisconsin, 
which  flowers  in  May,  the  flowers  having  tho 
odour  of  hyacinths.  It  has  been  given  internally 
in  syphilis,  and  applied  externally  in  syphilis  and 
gonorrhoea. 

DICEPHALIUM,  Bicephalium. 

DICEPH'ALUS,  Biceph'alus,  Derod'ymu^  et 
Ibd'ymits,  Janus,  from  St,  'double,'  and  KstpaXr], 
'head.'     A  monster  with  two  heads. 

DICERAS  RUDE,  Ditrachyceras  rudis,  see 
Worms. 

DICHALCON.  A  weight,  equal  to  a  third 
part  of  the  obolus. 

DICHOPHY'IA,  from  Sixa,  'double,'  and  pvio, 
'I  grow.'  A  disease  of  the  hairs,  in  which  they 
split  and  grow  forked. 

DICHROMOS,  Verbena  officinalis. 

DICIATRIA,  Medicine,  legal. 

DICLIDOSTO'SIS,  from  ^i^ij,  'a  double 
door,'  and  ocrroxri?,  'ossification.'  Ossification  of 
valves— as  of  the  heart. 

DICLIS,  Valve. 

DICOR'YPHUS,  Dicra'nus,  from  Si,  'double,' 
Kopv<pv,  'the  crown  of  the  head.'  A  monster  with 
a  double  vertex  or  cranium. 

DicoRYPHus  DiHYPOGASTRius,  Hemipagcs. 

DICRANUS,  Dicoryphus. 

DI'CROTUS,  Bisfer'iens,  from  Si;,  'twice,'  ajod 
Kpvdj,  '  I  strike.'  An  epithet  given  to  the  pulse, 
when  it  seems  to  beat  twice  as  fast  as  usual.  It 
is  synonymous  with  the  term  rebounding,  tho 
artery  rebounding  after  striking,  so  as  to  con- 
vey the  sensation  of  a  double  pulsation.  It  has 
been  considered,  and  with  truth,  to  frequently 
foretell  hemorrhage.  In  bad  cases  of  typhus,  it 
certainly  announces  such  a  tendencj'. 

DICTAMNE,  Dictamuus  albus  —  d.  de  Creti, 
Origanum  dletamnus. 

DICTAM'NUS  ALBUS,  from  Dictammis,  » 
town  in  Crete ;  D.  Fraxinel'la,  Fraxinella  Dic- 
tamnus.  White  Fraxinel'la,  Bastard  Dittany, 
Fraxinel'la,  (F.)  Dictar^ne,  FraxincUo.  The  fresh 


LICTYITIS 


288 


DIET 


root  lias  been  considered  nervine,  anthelmintic, 
ammenagogue.     It  is  not  used. 

DicTAMXus  Creticus,  Origanum  dictamnus — 
d.  Fraxinella,  Dictamnus  albus. 

DICTYITIS,  Retinitis. 

DICTYON,  Rete. 

DIDELPHYS,  Dihysteria. 

DIDYMAL'GIA,  from  Mv^oi,  'the  testicles,' 
and  aXyos,  'pain.'     Pain  in  the  testicles. 

DIDYMIS,  Epididymis. 

DIDYMITIS,  Hernia  humoralis. 

DIDYMOS,  Gemellus. 

D I D  Y  M  U  S,  Testicle  —  d.  Symphyogastrius, 
Gastrodidymus — d.  Symphyohypogastrieus,  Ily- 
pogastrodidymus  —  d.  Symphyoperinseus,  Pygo- 
didymus  —  d.  Symphyothoracogastrius,  Thoraco- 
gastrodidymus. 

DIECBOL'ION,  from  ha,  and  tic(iaWw,  'I  east 
out.'  A  name  given,  by  the  ancients,  to  a  remedy 
which  they  believed  capable  of  producing  abor- 
tion. 

DIERENBACH,  MINERAL  WATERS  OP. 
Dierenbach  is  a  city  in  Bavaria,  tvro  leagues  from 
which  is  a  sulphurous  spring. 

DIERVIL'LA  TRIF'IDA;  Bunh  Tioneymclde. 
An  indigenous  plant  of  the  Honeysuckle  tribe — 
Lonicerese — whose  flowers  appear  from  June  to 
August.  It  has  been  used  as  a  diuretic;  and  in 
gonorrhoea  and  syphilis. 

DIBS,  He'mera,  A  day,  (P.)  Jortr.  The  day 
IS,  properly,  the  period  during  which  the  solar 
light  illumines  our  horizon  :  but  commonly,  also, 
we  designate  by  the  word  day  the  period  of  24 
Voura  or  NyctJte'meron,  which  is  frequently  di- 


vided into  four  parts — morning,  midday,  evening, 
and  midnight.  In  antiquity,  great  importance 
was  attached  to  the  observation  of  days  in  dis- 
ease. The  medical  day  is  usually  reckoned  at 
24  hours, — universally  in  estimating  the  duration 
of  a  disease.  In  parts  of  the  United  States,  it 
comprises  only  the  time  when  the  sun  is  above 
the  horizon,  as  regards  the  administration  of 
medicine,  so  that  if  a  medicine  be  ordered  to  be 
taken  four  times  a  day,  it  is  understood  to  mean 
during  the  12  hours  of  day. 

Dies  Caniculares,  see  Canicula — d.  Contem- 
plabiles.  Critical  days  —  d.  Contemplantes,  Indi- 
cating days — d.  Critici,  Critical  daj-s — d.  Decre- 
torii,  Critical  days  —  d.  Indicantes,  Indicating 
days — d.  Indieatorii,  Indicating  days — d.  Indices, 
Indicating  days  —  d.  Internuntii,  Critical  daj-s — 
d.  Judicatorii,  Critical  days — d.  Radicales,  Criti- 
cal days. 

DIET,  Dice'ta,  Diate'ma,  Ra'tio  victils.  Ori- 
ginally, this  word  signified  nearly  the  same  thing 
as  Hygiene  and  Regimen,  that  is.  Diet  was  the 
employment  of  every  thing  necessary  for  the  pre- 
servation of  health  and  life.  At  the  present  day, 
it  signifies  a  particular  kind  of  food,  and,  at  times, 
a  privation  of  food  and  drink; — abstinence.  To 
put  any  one  upon  diet,  (P.)  metfre  qnelqu'un  «  la 
diete,  means  to  deprive  hiin  of  his  usual  nourish- 
ment : — milk  diet  means  a  diet  of  milk,  &c.  See 
Aliment,  Dietetics,  Hygiene,  and  Regimen. 

Diet  Scale.  Every  well  regulated  hospital 
has  certain  dietetic  regulations.  The  following 
Table  of  Dietary  shows  the  particular  regimen 
selected  for  the  sick,  in  certain  hospitals. 


^IBT-TABLE    OF    DIFFERENT    HOSPITALS    OF    GREAT   BRITAIN,   IRELAND,   AND 

THE    UNITED    STATES. 

L   ENGLAND. 

,L0ND01fH0SPITAI,S. 
1.  London  Hospital. 


COMMON  WET. 

MIDDLE  DIET. 

LOW  DIET. 

MILK  DIET. 

Per  Day I 

12  oT.  Bread. 

1  pint  Porter.  Men. 

i  pint  do.,  Women. 

Gruel. 

S  oz.  Beef,  with  Po- 
tatoes, thrice  a 
week. 

8  oz.  Mutton,  with 
Potatoes,  twice  a 
week. 

8  oz.  Potatoes  and 
Soup,with  vegeta- 
bles,twiceaweek. 

1  pint  of  Broth. 

The  same,  except 
that  4  oz.  of  Meat 
"  shall  be  given  in- 
stead of  8  oz. 

J 

8  oz.  Bread. 
Gruel. 

Broth. 

Gruel  or  Broth. 

12  oz.  Bread. 
Gruel. 

1  pint  Milk. 

1  pint  Milk. 

Supper 

2.  St. 

Bartholomew's  Hospital. 

COMMON  DIET. 

BROTH  DIET. 

THIIf  OB  FEVER  DIET. 

jriLK  DIET. 

Milk  Porridge. 

Milk  Porridge. 

Milk  Porridge. 

12  oz.  Bread. 

12  oz.  Bread. 

12  oz.  Bread. 

■ 

6  oz.  Mutton  or  Beef. 

1  pint  of  MUkjWith 

2  pts.Milk.with  Ta- 

1 pint  Broth  [with  Milk  Porridge. 
Peas  or  Potatoes,:  12  oz.  Bread. 

Tapioca,     An-ow 

pioca,  Arrow-root, 

' 

root.Sago.orRice, 

Sago,  or  Rice,  ns 

Omily J 

4  times  a  week.]   2  pints  Broth. 

as   may  be   pre- 

may be  prescribed. 

2  pints  Beer,  Men.   1  pint  Beer. 

scribed. 

Barley  water. 

1  pint.  Women.        il  oz.  Butter. 

Barley  water. 

1  oz.  Butter. 

1  oz.  Butter,  twice  a 

Bread  Pudding, 

week. 

three  times  a  week, 

. 

when  ordered. 

DIET 


289  DIET 

3.   St.  Thomas's  Hospital. 


Daily ] 

Breakfast .  . 

Dinner 


Supper. 


2  pints  Beer;  14  oz. 
Bread. 

Water  CTruel. 

+  lb.  of  Beef  when  dress- 
ed, twice  a  week;  4oz. 
Butter,  or  6  oz.  of 
Cheese,  thrice  a  week  : 
•i  lb.  Mutton  when 
boiled,  thrice  a  week. 

1  pt.  Broth,  4  times  a 
week. 


MILK  DIET. 


12  oz.  Bread. 

1  pint  Milk. 

1  pint  Milk,  4  times 

a  week. 
RicePuddingjthrice 

a  week. 


1  pint  Milk. 


14  oz.  Bread,  2  pints 
Beer. 

Water  Gruel. 

4  oz.  Butter,  4  times 
aweek;RicePud- 
ding  and  4  oz 
of  Butter,  three 
times  a  week. 


12  oz.  Bread;  two 

pints  Beer. 
Water  Gruel. 
I  lb.  Beef,  for  tea. 


FEVER  DIET. 


4.  ^f.  George's  Hospital. 


EXTKA  DIET. 

ORDINARY  DIET. 

FISH  DIET. 

FEVER  DIET. 

BROTH  DIET. 

MUK  DIET. 

12  oz.  Bread. 

12  oz.  Bread. 

12  oz.  Bread. 

12  oz.  Bread. 

12  oz.  Bread. 

12  oz.  Bread. 

1         Men. 

1  pint  Beer. 

Barley  Water 

j 

Daily .' .  * .  - 

2  pints  Beer. 

Women. 
li  pint  Beer. 

ad  libitum. 

D       If,     f  1  pint  Tea. 
Breal-fast .  j  j^  ^.^^  ^^.^^^ 

1  pint  Tea. 

1  pint  Tea. 

1  pint  Tea. 

1  pint  Tea. 

1  pint  Tea. 

J  pint  Milk. 

4  pint  Milk. 

i  pint  Milk. 

i  pint  Milk. 

i  pint  Milk. 

f 

12  oz.  Meat, 

roasted 

4  oz.  of  plain 

Arrow-root 

1  pint  Broth 

IJ  pint  Rice. 

(weighed 

One-half  of 

boiled  white 

&o.,  must  be 

6   oz.   light 

Milk  four 

with  the  bone 

the  meat  al- 

fish (as  Whi- 

specially di- 

Pudding. 

days. 

Dinner.. . .  -{ 

before  it  is 

lowed  for  ex- 

ting, Plaice, 

rected. 

dressed)  four 

tra  diet. 

Flounders,  or 

i  lb.  Bread  or 

days,~boiled; 

i  lb.  Potatoes. 

Haddock.) 

Rice  Pudding 

three  days,  i 

three  days. 

lb.  Potatoes. 

Supper.. . . 

1  pint  Gruel. 

1  pint  Gruel. 

1  pint  Gruel. 

1  pint  Tea. 

1  pint  Gruel. 

i  pint  Milk. 

I  pint  Milk. 

i  pint  Milk. 

i  pint  Milk. 

i  pint  Milk. 

i  pint  Milk. 

5.  Guy's  Hosjiital. 


' 

FULL  DIET. 

MIDDLE   DIET.         |             LOW  DIET. 

MILK  DIET. 

FEVER  DIET. 

14  oz.  Bread. 

12  oz.  Bread. 

12  oz.  Bi-ead. 

12  oz.  Bread. 

6  oz.  Bread. 

IJ  oz.  Butter. 

li  oz.  Butter. 

1  oz.  Butter. 

1  oz.  Butter. 

1  oz.  Butter. 

Daily 

1  qt.  Table  Beer. 

1  pt.  Table  Beer. 

Tea  and  Sugar. 

2  pints  Milk. 

Tea  and  Sugar. 

8  oz.  Meat,  when 

4  oz.  Meat,  when 

^ 

dressed. 

dressed,  and 
i  pint  Broth. 

Half  a  pound  of  Beef,  (for  Beef-tea,)  or  Arrow- 
root or  Sago,  when  ordered. 

For  each  Diet,  Gruel  or  Barley-water,  as  required.                                            j 

6.  Westminster  Hospital. 

SPOON,   OR 

INCTJRABLES' 

FUIi  DIET. 

MIDDLE   DIET. 

LOW  DIET. 

FEVEE  DIET. 

DIET. 

Fixed. 

Casual. 

Daily 

14  OZ.  Bread. 

10  oz.  Bread. 

i  lb.  Bread. 

i  lb.  Bread. 

i  lb.  Bread. 
i  lb.  Meat, 
i  lb.  Potatoes. 
J  pint  Milk. 
1  pint  Porter. 

' 

1  pint  Milk 

1  pint  Milk 

1  pint  Tea, 

— 

1   pint   Tea, 

Breal-fast  \ 

Porridge,  or 

Porridge,  or 

with  Sugar 

with  Sugar 

Rice  Gruel. 

thin  Gruel. 

and  Milk. 

and  Milk. 

^  lb.  Meat, 
roasted,  boiled, 

i  lb.  Meat, 
roasted,  boiled. 

No  fixed  Diet 
for  Dinner. 

1  pint  Broth, 
or  i  lb.  of 

Barley  Water. 

Dinner . .  - 

or  chops. 

1  lb.  of  Pota- 
toes. 

or  chops. 

S  lb.  of  Pota- 
toes. 

Pudding,  or 

Ipt.  Beef  Tea, 

or  a  Chop, 

or  Fish. 

f 

1  pint  Milk 

1  pint  Milk 

1  pint  Tea, 

— 

1   pint  Tea, 

Supper . .  { 

Porridge,  or 

Porridge,  or 

with  Sugar 

with  Sugar 

1 

1                   1 

Rice  Gruel. 

thin  Gruel. 

and  Milk. 

and  Milk. 

J 

19 


DIET 


290 


DIET 


7.  Middlesex  Hospital. 


DLSTA  CAEHIS, 

BLSTA  JTJSCnj, 

DLETA  LACnS, 

ELSTA  STHPLEZ, 

OR 

OB 

oa 

OE 

CASCEB  DIET. 

Daily 

MEAT   DIET. 

SOUP  DIET. 

MTLK   DIET. 

SIMPLE   DIET. 

12  oz.  Bread. 

12  oz.  Bread. 

12  oz.  Bread. 

6  oz.  Bread. 

12  oz.  Bread. 

4  lb  Meat, 

i  lb.  Potatoef, 

1  pint  Milk. 

BrealcfaBt. 

1  pint  Milk. 

1  pint  Milk. 

1  pint  Milk. 

1  pint  Barley- 
water. 

Physician's  Patients. 

1  pint    Soup, 

J  pint  of  Milk 

1  pint  Gruel. 

i  lb.  of  Potatoes,  4  oz. 

made  with    4 

with  Rice-pud- 

dressed meat,  (beef  or 

oz.  Beef,  alter- 

ding, 4  days, 

mutton,)     roast     and 

nately  with  1 

and  with  Bat- 

boiled   alternately,    4 

pint  of  Broth 

ter-pudding,  3 

days. 

with  Barley. 

days. 

Dinner  .  - 

4  oz.  Meat  in  Soup,  3 
days. 

Surgeon's  Patients. 
i  lb.  of  Potatoes,  4  oz. 
dressed  meat,  (beef  or 
mutton,)     roast     and 
boiled  altematelv. 

1  pint  Gruel  alternately 

1  pint  Gruel. 

J  pint  Milk  or 

1  pint   Gruel 

Supper  .  - 

■with  1  pint  of  Barley- 

1  1  pint  Gruel. 

or  Barley-wa- 

water. 

I                            ]  ter. 

8.  North,  London  Hospital. 


Daily 

FTLL  DIET. 

MIDDLE  DIET.                             LOW  DIET. 

MILK   DIET. 

16  OZ.  Bread. 

i  pint  Milk. 

i  lb.  Meat  and  4  lb. 

Potatoes  4  days. 
1  pt.  Soup  or  Rice 

3  days. 

IG  oz.  Bread. 
i  pint  Milk. 
1   pint   Soup    or 
Rice. 

8  oz.  Bread. 

i  pint  Milk. 

Oatmeal  for 

Gruel. 

17  OZ.  Bread. 
2  pints  Milk. 

9.  King's  College  Hospital. 


Daily  .... 

Hreahfast. 
Dinner  . . . 
Supper  ... 

.J 
t 

PULL  DIET. 

MIDDLE   DIET. 

MILK   DIET. 

LOW    DIET. 

FEVER   DIET.         1 

1 

1  pint  Beer,  or 

J  pint  Porter. 

14  OZ.  Bread. 

1  pt.  Milk  Por- 
ridge. 

i  lb.  Meat. 

i  lb.  Potatoes. 

1  pt.  Milk  Por- 
ridge. 

14  oz.  Bread. 

1  pt.  Slilk  Por- 
ridge. 

i  lb.  Meat. 

i  lb.  Potatoes. 

1  pt.  Milk  Por- 
ridge. 

1  lb.  Bread, 

1  pint  MUk. 
1  pint  Milk. 
1  pint  Gruel. 

8  oz.  Bread. 

1  pint  Gruel. 

1  pint  Broth. 

1  pt  Milk  Por- 
ridge. 

1 
_                   i 

1  pint  GrueL 

2  pints  Barley- 
water. 

1  pt.  Milk  Por- 
ridge. 

10.  Dreadnought  Hospital  Ship. 


lireahfast. 
Dinner  .  .  . 


Supper 


1  pint  Tea. 

1  lb.  Bread. 
3  lb.  Meat. 

J  lb.  Potatoes. 

2  pints    Beer, 
(if  ordered.) 

1  pint  Broth. 


ORDINARY  DIET. 


Ditto. 

Ditto, 
i  lb.  Meat, 
\  lb.  Potatoes. 
1  pint  Beer,  (if 
ordered.) 

1  pint  Broth  or 
Gruel. 


MILK  DIET. 


Ditto. 
\  lb.  Bread. 


Ditto. 
1  lb.  Bread. 


1  pint  of  Beef  Mpj^^jjjj^^ 

1  pint  Gruel  or  I 
Milk,  (if  or-  |  1  pint  MUk. 
dered.  i 


FEVER   DILT. 


Ditto. 

Gruel. 

Gruel  or  Bar- 
ley-water. 


DIET 


291 


DIET 


HOSPITALS. 

ORDINARY   DIET. 

low  diet. 

Liverpool. 

Breakfast. — A  pint  milk  porridge,  breaded  every  morn'g. 

Dinner. — (1,  5,  7*)  —  Boiled  beef  and  vegetables. — (2) 
— Rice,  milk,  and  bread. — (3). — ^Stewed  beef  and  po- 
tatoes.— (4) — Pea  soup  and  bread. — (6) — Ale,  gruel, 
and  bread. 

Supper.  —  A  pint  of  broth  and  bread  on  Sunday  and 
Thursday.  A  pint  of  milk  and  bread  on  the  other  days. 

Full  Diet.  —  The  same  as  the  ordinary  diet. 

Consists  throughout  the 
day  of  milk  porridge, 
commoS  battel:,  or  rice, 
pudding. 

The  ale  and  beer  are 
bought. 

Bristol. 

Breakfast. — On  Sunday,  Tuesday,  Thursday,  and  Satur- 
day, milk  porridge;  Monday,  Wednesday,  and  Fri- 
day, meat  broth;  12  oz.  of  bread  on  meat  days;  14 
oz.  on  the  other  days. 

Dinner. — (1,  3,  5) — Three-fourths  of  a  pound  of  meat, 
with  vegetables  ;  two  pints  of  beer  daily. — (2,  4,  6,  7) 
— A  pint  of  gruel  or  pap. 

Supper. — A  wine  pint  of  gruel  of  meal  broth  on  Sun- 
day ;  2  oz.  of  cheese  for  the  men,  one-fourth  of  an  oz. 
of  butter  for  the  women,  on   Monday,  Wednesday, 
Friday,  and  Saturday. 

Full  Diet.  —  The  patients  have  meat  every  day. 

Breakfast.— A  wine  quart 
of  milk  porridge  or  milk. 

Dinner.  —  A  T,ine   quart 
of  weak  broth. 

Supper.  —  The    same   as 
breakfast,    14     oz.    of 
bread,  and  barley-wa- 
ter for  common  drink. 

20  bushels  of  malt,  15  lbs.  ! 
of  hops  to  14  gals,  of 
strong  ale ;  21  bush,  of 
malt,  and  12  pounds  of 
hops,  to    360    gals,  of 
ale  ;  11  bush,  of  malt, 
7  pounds   of   hops,   to 
360  gals,  of  small  beer. 

Birmingham. 
Revised  1819. 

Breakfast. — To  each  man  a  pint  and  a  half  of  mUk  por- 
ridge, with  4  oz.  of  bread  added  to  it.     To  each  wo- 
man   or    child,  one   pint   of  milk   porridge  without 
bread.     To  each  patient  2  oz.  of  bread  daily. 

Dinner. — (1,  3,  5) — To  each  man  8  oz.  of  baked  or  boiled 
meat;  to  each  woman  or  child,  6  oz.    To  each  patient, 
6  oz.  of  vegetables,  and  one  pint  of  beer  daily. — (2) — 
To  each  man,  a  quart  of  rice  or  barley  broth,  made 
with  a  variety  of  vegetables  ;  to  each  woman  or  child, 
one  pint  and  a  half.  — (4)  —  Twelve  ounces  of  boiled 
rice  or  bread  pudding.  —  (6)  —  Four  oz.  of  boiled  or 
baked  meat,  a  pint  of  rice  or  barley  broth,  made  with 
a  variety  of  vegetables. — (7) — Six  oz.  of  baked  rice 
or  bread  pudding,  or  a  pint  of  rice  or  barley  broth, 
made  with  a  variety  of  vegetables. 

Supper. — A  pint  of  broth,  milk  porridge,  or  gruel. 

Full  Diet.  —  Breakfast  the  same  as  in  ordinary  diet. 
Dinner,  6  oz.  of  boiled  or  baked  meat,  6  oz.  of  vege- 
tables, 6  oz.  of  baked  rice  or  bread  pudding.    Supper, 
the  same  as  ordinary  diet. 

Breakfast. — The  same  as 
ordinary  diet. 

Dinner. — A  pint  of  broth 
or   rice    milk,  6  oz.  of 
baked    rice    or    bread 
pudding    to    each  pa- 
tient every  day. 

Suppier.  —  The    same   as 
ordinary  diet. 

n.  SCOTLAND. 


Edinburgh. 


Glasgow. 


Breakfast.  —  One  mutchkin  of  porridge,  three  gills  of 
milk  or  beer ;  or  five  and  one-fourth  ounces  of  fine 
bread,  mUk  or  beer. 

Dinner.  —  (1,4)  —  One  chopin  of  broth,  8  ounces  of 
butcher's  meat  boiled  in  the  broth,  or  beef-steak ;  five 
and  one-fourth  ounces  of  bread. —  (2,  5,  7)  —  A  chopin 
of  broth  made  of  beef  and  bones,  barley,  groats,  pota- 
toes, and  vegetables  ;  five  and  a-half  ounces  of  bread. 
— (3,  6)  —  Potato  soup,  with  beef  and  veal,  or  bones  ; 
bread  as  above. 

Supper. — As  the  breakfast  each  day. 

Full  Diet. — At  discretion. 


Breakfast.  —  Milk  porridge,  quantity  not  limited,  with 
half  a  mutchkin  of  sweet  milk,  or  one  mutchkin  of 
buttermilk  or  beer. 

Dinner.  —  (1)  —  Broth  made  of  barley,  vegetables,  and 
the  dripping  of  the  meat  roasted  during  the  week, 
with  a  quartern  loaf  to  a  man,  and  half  to  a  woman. — 
(2,  4) — Beef  boiled  :  8  oz.  to  the  men,  and  6  oz.  to  the 
women;  a  quartern  loaf  to  a  man,  and  half  to  a  wo- 
man,— or  vegetables. — (3,  6) — Broth,  made  with  beef, 
barley,  and  vegetables ;  a  quartern  loaf  to  men,  and 
half  to  women.  —  (5)  — Potato  soup,  with  cow  heels, 
bones,  &c.  —  (7)  —  Six  oz.  of  cheese  to  men,  4  oz.  to 
women  ;  bread  as  above. 

Supper.-^As  the  breakfast  each  day. 

Full  Diet. — At  discretion. 


At  discretion. 


At  discretion. 


*  The  figures  in  parentheses  denote  the  days  of  the  week. 


I 


DIET 


292 
III.  IRELAND, 


DIET 


5.  Hospitals 

of  House  of 

Industry. 

Per  diem. — Sixteen  oz.  of  white  bread,  one  quart  of  new 
milk,  and  one  quart  of  buttermilk  for  whey. 

yuLL  Diet.  —  Two  ounces  of  bread  jjer  diem,  one  quart 
of  broth,  one  quart  of  new  milk. 

One  j)int  of  flummery  ^er 
diem,  one  quart  of  new 
milk,  and  one  quart  of 
buttermilk  for  whey. 

Daily,  half  a  pound  of 
bread,  two  quarts  of 
new  milk,  and  one 
quart  of  buttermilk. 

Stephen's 
Hospital. 

Breakfast. — Half  a  pound  of  bread,  one  pint  of  milk. 

Dinner. — (1,  2,  ?>,  5,  7) — One  quart  of  soup,  half  a  pound 
of  bread,  or  two  pounds  of  potatoes  ;  one  pint  of  milk 
or  beer.  —  (4,  6)  —  Twelve  oz.  of  bread,  one  quart  of 
sweetened  gruel. 

Royal  Hos- 
pital. Phce- 
nii  Park. 

Breahfast. — One  pint  of  oatmeal  or  rice  gruel. 
DiiDier. — Half  a  pound  of  meat,  three-fourths  of  a  pound 

of  bread  ;  one  pound  of  potatoes. 
Supper. — One  pint  of  oatmeal  or  rice  gruel. 
Full  Diet.  —  Three-fourths  of  a  pound  of  meat,  one 

pound  of  bread,  half  a  pound  of  potatoes,  one  quart 

of  beer. 

Breakfast.— lea. 

Dinner.  —  Half  a  pound 
of  bread  made  into  pa- 
nada or  pudding. 

EiCHJroxD 
Hospital. 

Breakfast. — One  quart  of  stirabout,  one  pint  of  new  milk. 

Dinner. — Bread,  8  oz. ;  soup,  1  qiart. 

Supper. — Bread,  4  oz.  ;  new  milk,  one  pint; 

Full  Diet. — Breakfast,  bread,  8  oz. ;  new  milk,  one 
pint.  —  Dinner,  bread,  8  oz. ;  mutton  or  beef,  8  oz. — 
Supper,  broad,  4  oz. ;  new  milk,  one  pint. 

Breakfast.  —  Flummery, 
one  pint;  new  milk, 
one  pint. 

Supper. — Half  a  pound  of 
bread,  one  pint  of  milk. 

Belfast 
Hospital. 

Breakfast. — One  pint  of  stirabout,  one  pint  of  new  milk. 

Dinner. — Haifa  pound  of  bread,  one  pint  of  new  milk. 

Snjiper. — One  pint  of  flummery,  one  pint  of  new  milk. 

Full  Diet. — Breakfast,  one  quart  of  stirabout,  one  pint 
of  new  milk. — Dinner,  2  lbs.  of  potatoes,  one  pint  of 
milk. — Supper,  one  pint  of  flummery,  one  pint  of  new 
milk. 

Per  diem.  —  Quarter  of  a 
pound  of  bread,  one 
quart  of  gruel,  three 
pints  of  new  milk,  half 
a  pint  of  flummery. 
Barley  water  at  occa- 
sions. 

]  Cork  Feter 
1     Hospital. 

1 

Breakfast. — One  half  quartern  loaf  for  every  four,  and 
one  pint  of  new  milk  each.     Under  12  years,  half  a 
quartern  loaf  for  every  eight. 

Dinner. — (1,  3,  5) — One  pound  of  beef,  and  two  pounds 
of  potatoes.     Under  12  years,  half  a  pound  of  beef, 
and  one  pound  of  potatoes.  —  (2,  4,  6,  7)  —  Potatoes 
and  milk. 

Supper.  —  One  pint  of  milk  and  one  of  stirabout,  for 
adults  ;  half  do.  for  children. 

Breakfast.  —  One -fourth 
of  a  lb.  of  bread,  with 
milk  and  water  sweet- 
ened. 

Dinner.  —  Gmel,  broth, 
wino,  and  porter,  as  or- 
dered by  the  physician. 

IV.  UNITED  STATES. 


Pennsylva- 
nia Hospi- 
tal, Philada. 


PniLAPEL- 
PHIA 

Hospital, 
(Blockley.) 


Tfr.-f  York 

Hospital, 

N.  York  City, 


Breakfast. — Tea,  coffee,  or  chocolate,  with  sugar  or  mo- 
lasses and  milk,and  common  baker's  bread  at  discretion. 

Dinner. — Soup  always;  meat  of  two  kinds — mutton  and 
beef,  generally — pork  frequently ;  vegetables,  accord- 
ing to  the  season ;  potatoes  and  rice,  always. 

Supper.  —  Tea  and  bread:  no  butter  allowed  either  to 
breakfast  or  supper,  unless  prescribed. 


House  Diet.  —  Arrow-root,  gruel,  sago,  tapioca,  rice, 
beef  tea,  beef  essence,  chicken  water,  rice  water,  bar- 
ley water,  gum  water,  flaxseed  tea,  lemonade.  (The 
diet  on  which  the  sick  are  placed  on  entering  the 
house  until  otherwise  directed.) 

Moderate  Diet.  —  Tea,  crackers,  broth,  rice,  mush, 
milk,  potatoes,  &c. 

Full  Diet.  —  Bread,  coffee,  tea,  white  meat,  mutton, 
beef,  ham,  eggs,  butter,  soup,  potatoes,  &c. 


Breakfast.  —  Bread  and  black  tea,  one  ounce  of  tea  to 
every  six,  and  a  pint  of  milk  to  every  eight  patients. 

Dinner. — Tuesdays,  Wednesdays,  Thursdays,  and  Satur- 
daj's,  beef  soup,  with  beef  and  potatoes,  and  bread. 
On  Mondays,  boiled  rice,  with  one  gill  of  molasses. 

Su])pcr. — The  same  as  breakfast. 


Gruel,  gum  water,  barley 
water,  and  other  arti- 
cles prescribed  by  the 
physician. 


The  kind  and  quantity 
left  to  the  physician. 
The  House  Diet  may  be 
regarded  as  low  diet. 


Special  diet  is  directed 
by  the  attending  phy- 
sician, and  adapted  to 
each  case. 


DIET  DRINK 


293 


DIGESTIBLE 


The  Diet  Scale  of  the  British  Navy  allows  from 
31  to  35 J^  ounces  of  dry  nutritious  matter  daily; 
of  which  26  ounces  are  vegetable,  and  the  rest 
animal — 9  ounces  of  salt  meat,  or  4^  ounces  of 
fresh. 

That  of  the  Navy  of  the  United  States  is  as 
follows  : — Three  dai/s  in  the  week — Pork,  16  oz. ; 
beans  or  peas,  7  oz. ;  biscuit,  14  oz. ;  pickles  or 
cranberries,  1  oz. ;  sugar,  2  oz. ;  tea,  i  oz. ; — 40i 
oz.  Two  days  in  the  week  —  Beef,  16  oz. ;  flour, 
8  oz. ;  fruit,  dried,  4  oz. ;  biscuit,  14  oz. ;  tea  and 
sugar,  2i  oz. ;  pickles  or  cranberries,  1  oz. ;  — 
45^  oz.  Two  days  in  the  week  —  Beef,  16  oz. ; 
rice,  8  oz. ;  butter,  2  oz. :  cheese,  2  oz. ;  biscuit, 
14oz. ;  tea  and  sugar,  2:^  oz. ;  pickles  or  cran- 
berries, 1  oz. ; — 45i  oz. 

In  the  Edinburgh  workhouse  the  total  allow- 
ance of  dry  food  is  about  17  ounces  — 13  ounces 
vegetable,  and  4  ounces  animal.  In  the  Edin- 
burgh children's  poor-house,  the  diet  consists  of 
milk  and  porridge,  barley  broth  and  bread, 
amounting  to  13  ounces  of  vegetable  food  to  4 
ounces  of  animal.  These  allowances  have  been 
found  ample  for  the  maintenance  of  health.  Per- 
haps the  ease  of  the  smallest  quantity  of  food  on 
which  life  was  vigorously  supported  was  that  of 
Cornaro, — not  more  than  12  ounces  a  day,  chiefly 
of  vegetable  matter,  for  a  period  of  58  years. 

DIET  DRINK.  A  decoction  or  potion,  va- 
riously composed,  and  used  in  considerable  quan- 
tity, for  the  purpose  of  purifying  the  blood.  The 
Decoc'tum  Lusitan' icum  or  Lisbon  Diet-drinh,  is 
one  of  the  most  celebrated.  See  Decoctum  Sar- 
saparillse  Compositum. 

DIETARY,  TABLE  OP,  see  Diet  Scale. 

DIETET'ICS,  Dimtet'ice,  Diafet'ica,  Ifedi- 
cina  DicBtet'iea  ;  same  etymon.  {'E.)  Dietetique. 
A  branch  of  medicine,  comprising  the  rules  to  be 
followed  for  preventing,  relieving,  or  cui-ing  dis- 
eases by  diet.  Dietetics  is  diet  administered  ac- 
cording to  principle.  It  is  an  important  part  of 
Hygiene.  A  well  regulated  system  of  diet  has 
great  power  in  checking  disease,  and  likewise  in 
preventing  it.  A  proper  knowledge  of  dietetics 
is,  indeed,  as  important  as  that  of  the  Materia 
Medica,  strictly  so  called. 

Dietetics  has  been  used,  also,  synonymously 
with  Hygiene. 

BIETETIQ  UE,  Dietetics. 

DIETET'ISTS,  Biatetis'ta.  Physicians  who 
apply  only  the  rules  of  dietetics  to  the  treatment 
of  disease. 

DIEU-LE-FILT,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
The  waters  of  Dieu-le-filt,  in  France,  are  chaly- 
beate, and  much  sought  after. 

DIEURYSMUS,  Dilatation. 

DIEX'ODOS,  from  hia,  and  t^oSo;,  'an  exit  or 
way  out.'  Bi'odos.  Any  opening  by  which  an 
excretion  takes  place. 


DIFFERENTIAL  DIAGNOSIS,  see  Diairi- 

tica  signa. 

DIFFICULTAS    INTESTINORUM,  Dysen- 

tery. 

DIFFLATIO,  Perspiration. 

BIFFORMITE,  Deformation. 

DIFFUSED  BLOWING  SOUND,  see  Mur- 
mur, respiratory. 

DIFFU'SIBLE,  (stimulants)  from  diffundere, 
(dis,  and  fundere,  fiisum,  'to  pour,')  'to  pour 
apart  or  abroad.'  Those  stimulating  medicines 
are  so  called,  which  augment  the  action  of  the 
va-scular  and  nervous  systems  in  an  acute  but 
transitory  manner. 

DIGAS'TRICUS,  from  Sig,  '  twice,'  and  yacrviy, 
'a  belly:'  Biren'ter,  B.  Ilaxill'cB,  Be2')'rimen8 
3faxil'l(B  Biven'ter,  Bigas'ter,  (F.)  JIasto'idohyo- 
genien,  3Iasto'ido-genien  —  (Ch.,)  Bigastrique, 
Abaisseur  de  la  machoire  inferieure.  The  name 
BigastriciM  was  formerly  given  to  several  mus- 
cles. It  is  now  restricted  to  one  of  the  muscles 
of  the  superior  hyoid  region.  The  digastrieus  is  • 
thick  and  fleshy  at  its  extremities,  thin  and  ten- 
dinous at  its  middle.  It  is  attached  to  the  mas- 
toid groove  of  the  temporal  bone,  and  to  a  fos- 
sette  at  the  side  of  the  sj'mphysis  menti.  Its  ten- 
don passes  through  an  aponeurotic  ring,  which  is 
attached  to  the  os  hyoides. 

The  use  of  the  digastrieus  is  to  depress  the 
lower  jaw,  or  to  raise  the  os  hyoides,  and  to  carry 
it  forwards  or  backwards,  as  in  deglutition. 

The  strong  double-bellied  muscle,  which  forma 
the  gizzard  of  birds,  is  also  called  Bigastriciis. 

DiGASTRicns  Craxii,  Occipito-frontalis. 

BIGASTRIQUE,  Digastrieus. 

DIGERENTIA,  Digestives. 

DIGES'TIBLE,  Concoc'tiis  hab'ilis.  Capable 
of  being  digested.  All  food  is  not  equally  di- 
gestible, and  some  of  the  most  nourishing  is  the 
least  so  : — the  fat  of  meat,  for  example.  Certain 
substances,  again,  are  entirely  rebellious.  The 
following  table  exhibits  the  time  required  for  the 
stomachal  digestion  of  different  alimentary  sub- 
stances, in  a  well-known  case,  which  fell  under 
the  care  of  Dr.  Beaumont.  The  table  is  extracted 
from  the  Author's  Human  Health,  Philadelphia,  " 
1844.  The  most  digestible  substances  are  taken 
as  the  standard,  which  has  been  arbitrarily  fixed 
at  1,000  ;  and  accordingly,  aponeurosis,  the  first 
article  in  the  table,  requiring  3  hours,  whilst 
pigs'  feet  soused,  rice,  &c.,  require  but  one,  its 
digestibility,  compared  with  that  of  these  ali- 
ments, is  placed  as  333  to  1000;  and  so  of  the  others. 
It  need  scarcely  be  said,  that  all  these  tabular 
results  apply,  in  strictness,  to  the  individual  con- 
cerned only ;  yet  they  afford  useful  comparative 
views,  which  with  exceptions  depending  upon 
individual  peculiarities,  may  be  regarded  as  ap- 
proximations applicable  to  mankind  in  general. 


DIGESTIO 


294 


DIGITAL  BLANG 


Aponeurosis 

Apples,  mellow 

Do.      sour,  hard 

Do.      sweet,  mellow  . . 

Barley. .    

Bass,  striped,  fresh 

Beans,  pod 

Do.  and  srreen  corn.. . 
Beef,  fresh,  lean,  rare 

Do.     do.     do.    dry  .  ■•■ 

Do.     do.     steak 

Do.   with  salt  only. .. .. 

Do.    with  mustard,  &c. 

Do 

Do.   old,  hard  salted. . . 

Beets 

Brains,  animal 

Bread,  corn 

Do,     wheat,  fresh  .... 

Buttert 

Calibage,  head 

Do.        with  vinegar. 

Do 

Cake,  corn 

Do.    sponge 

Carrot,  orange 

Cartilage 

Catfish,  fresh 

Cheese,  old,  strong 

Chicken,  full  grown.... 

Codfish,  cured  dry 

Corn  (green)  and  beans. 

Cuslard 

Duck,  domesticated  . . . . 

Do.     wild 

Dumpling,  apple 

Eggs,   fresh. 

Do.       do 

Do.       do 

Do,       do 

Do.       do 

Do.       do 

Flounder,  fresh 

Fowls,  domestic 

Do.  do 

Gelatin 

Goose,  wild 

Heart,  animal 

Lamb,  fresh 

Liver,  beefs,  fresh 


Form  of 
prepara- 


boiled 
raw 
do. 
do. 

boiled 
broiled 
boiled 

do. 
roasted 

do. 
broiled 
boiled 

do. 
fried 
boiled 
boiled 
boiled 
baked 
baked 
melted 
raw 
do. 
boiled 
baked 

do. 
boiled 

do. 
fried 
raw 

fricasseed 
boiled 
boiled 
baked 
roasted 

do. 
boiled 

hard  boiled 
soft  boiled 
fried 
roasted 
raw 

whipped 
fried 
boiled 
roasted 
boiled 
roasted 
fried 
boiled 

do. 


h.m 

3 

i> 

2  50 
I  50 
2 

3 

•i   30 

3  45 
3 

3  30 
3 
45 

3  30 

4  15 
3  45 

1  45 
3  15 
3  30 
3  30 

2  30 


2  30 

3  15 

4  ]5 
3  30 
3  30 

2  45 
2 

3  45 

2  45 
4 

4  30 
3 

3  30 
3 
3  30 

2  15 
o 

I  30 

3  30 
4 
4 

30 
30 


333 
500 
3.52 
545 
500 
333 
400 
260 
333 
285 
333 
303 
285 
250 
235 
2(i6 
571 
302 
285 
285 
400 
500 
222 
333 
400 
302 
235 
285 
285 
.3(53 
500 
20(5 
3(53 
250 
222 
333 
285 
333 
285 
444 
500 
666 
285 
250 
250 
400 
400 
250 
400 
500 


Aliments. 


Form  of 
prepara- 


Marrow,  animal,  spinal 
iMeat  and  vegetables  . . . 

Milk 

Do 

Mutton,  fresh 

Do.         do 

Do.         do 

Ovsters,  fresh 

Do.         do 

Do.         do 

Parsnips 

Pig,  sucking 

Pigs'  feet,  soused 

Pork,  fat  and  lean 

Do.  recently  salted.... 

Do.  do 

Do.  do 

Do.  do 

Do.  do 

Potatoes,  Irish 

Do.  do 

Do.  do 

Rice 

Sago 

almon,  salted 

Sausage,  fresh 

Soup,  barley 

Do.     bean 

Do.    beef,  vegetables,  and 

bread 

Do.    chicken 

Soup  marrow  bones 

Do.  mutton 

Do.  oyster 

Suet,  beef  fresh 

Do.   mutton 

Tapioca 

Tendon,  boiled 

Tripe,  soused 

Trout,  salmon,  fresh 

Do.         do 

Turkey,  domestic 

Do.  do 

Do.        wild 

Turnips,  flat 

Veal,  fresh 

Do.      do 

Vegetables      and      meat 

hashed  

Venison,  steak 


boiled 
hashed 
boiled 
raw 
roasted 
broiled 
boiled 
raw 
roasted 
tewed 
boiled 
rn:isted 
boiled 
roasied 
boiled 
fried 
broiled 


stewed 

boiled 

roasted 

baked 

boiled 

do. 

do. 
broiled 
boiled 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 
fried 
roasted 
boiled 
roasted 
boiled 
broiled 
fried 

warmed 
broiled 


h.m. 

2  40 

30 

2  15 

3  15 
3 
3 

2  55 

3  1 

3  30 
2  30 

2  30 
1 

5  15 

4  30 
4  15 

3  15 
3 

3 
3  30 

2  30 

3  20 
1 


145 

4 

3  20 

1  30 

3 

4 

3 

4  15 

3  30 

3  30 

5  30 

4  30 

2 

5  30 

1  30 

1  30 

2  30 

2  25 

2  18 

3  30 

4 

4  30 

2  30 

1  35 

375 
400 
500 
444 
307 
333 
333 
342 
307 
285 
400 
400 
3000 
190 
222 
235 
302 
333 
333 
285 
400 
400 
1000 
571 
250 
300 
666 
333 

250 
333 
235 
285 
285 
181 
222 
500 
181 
1000 
666 
606 
400 
511 
435 
285 
250 
222 

400 
631 


♦Pigs'  feet  soused,  rice,  and  tripe  soused,  being  the  most  digestible  articles  in  the  table,  are  estimated  at  1000. 
t  In  the  case  of  oils,  and  other  substances  of  similar  nature,  which  undergo  little  digestion  in  the  stomach, 
the  time  merely  indicates  the  period  that  elapses  before  they  are  sent  into  the  duodenum. 


DIGESTIO  DEPRAVATA,  Dyspepsia  — d. 
DifEoilis,  Dyspepsia  —  d.  Laesa,  Dyspepsia. 

DIGES'TION,  Bigest'io,  from  dkjere,  '  to  dis- 
solve' ;  Goetio,  G.  Gibo'rum,  Pep'sis,  JDiges'tive 
Proc" ess.  Digestion  is  a  function,  by  means  of 
which  alimentary  substances,  when  introduced 
into  the  digestive  canal,  undergo  different  altera- 
tions. The  object  of  this  is  to  convert  them  into 
two  parts  ;  the  one,  a  reparatory  juice,  destined 
to  renew  the  perpetual  waste  occurring  in  the 
economy :  the  other,  deprived  of  its  nutritious 
properties,  to  be  rejected  from  the  body.  This 
function  is  composed  of  a  series  of  organic  ac- 
tions, differing  according  to  the  particular  organi- 
zation of  the  animal.  In  man  they  are  eight  in 
number,  viz.  1.  Prehension  of  food.  2.  Mastica- 
tion. 3.  Insalivation.  4.  Deglutition.  6.  Action 
rf  the  stomach.  6.  Action  of  the  small  intestine. 
7.  Action  of  the  large  intestine.  8.  Expulsion  of 
the  faeces. 

Digestion  is  also  a  pAa?'OTfTce«<»'cnZ  operation, 
which  consists  in  treating  certain  solid  substances 
with  water,  alcohol,  or  other  menstruum,  at  a 


slightly  elevated  temperature, — in  a  sand-bath, 
for  example,  or  by  leaving  them  exposed  for  some 
time  to  the  sun. 

DIGESTIVE.  See  Digestives  —  d.  Principle, 
Pepsin — d.  Process,  Digeftion. 

Digestive  Texture.  The  particular  organic 
condition  of  substances  which  affects  their  diges- 
tibility. 

Digestive  Tube,  Canal,  alimentary. 

Diges'tives,  Digcsti'vn,  Digeren'tia ;  same 
etymon  as  Digestion.  (F.)  Bigcs'Afs.  A  term 
given,  by  surgeons,  to  substances,  which,  when 
applied  to  a  wound  or  ulcer,  promote  suppura- 
tion ;  such  as  the  ccratuni  resina,  tcarm  cata- 
2}Iosms,  fomentations,  &c. 

DIG"ITAL,  Digita'lia ;  from  digitus,  'a  fin- 
ger:' having  the  shape  of  a  finger;  digitated. 
Belonging  to  the  fingers. 

The  Appen'dix  vermifor'mis  caci  is  sometimes 
called  Dig"ital  Appen'dix. 

Digital  Arteries,  Veins,  and  Nerves  are 
those  distributed  to  the  fingers. 

DIGITAL  BLANG,  Clavaria. 


DIGITAL 


295 


DILUENTIA 


Dtgitai,  Cavity,  An'cyroid  cavity,  Cornu  de- 
»ow«'cZe»s  ventric'uli  latera'lis.  The  occipital  por- 
tiiji  of  the  lateral  ventricle  of  the  brain. 

DIGITAL  UUMAIN,  Clavaria. 

Digital  Impressions  are  the  slight  depres- 
sicus  observable  on  the  inner  surface  of  the  bones 
of  the  cranium,  which  correspond  to  the  cerebral 
convolutions.  _ 

DIGcITA'LE.  Same  etymon.  (F.)  Doigtier. 
A  finger  stall.  The  term  Doigtier  d'Asdrubali 
has  been  given  to  a  small  iron  instrument  used 
for  measuring  the  dimensions  of  the  pelvis. 
Placed  at  the  end  of  the  index  finger,  it  adds  to 
its  l52gth  and  enables  it  to  reach  the  promontory 
of  the  sacrum. 

DIGITALINE,  see  Digitalis. 

DIGITA'LIS,  flora  digitus,  'a  finger,'  because 
its  flower  represents  a  finger;  Digita'lin  purjm'- 
rea,  Fox-glove,  Bac'charis,  Bacehar,  Daccar  (?)  ; 
Family,  Scrophularineae.  Sex.  Syst.  Didynamia 
Angiospermia.  (F.)  Digitale,  Gants  de  notre  dame, 
Doigtier.  The  leaves  of  this  plant,  which  are 
indigenous  in  Great  Britain,  are  powerfully  seda- 
tive, diminishing  the  velocity  of  the  pulse,  diu- 
retic, and  sorbefacient.  In  over-doses,  Digitalis 
causes  vomiting,  purging,  dimness  of  sight,  ver- 
tigo, delirium,  hiccough,  convulsions,  and  death : 
— all  the  symptoms,  in  short,  which  characterize 
the  acro-nareotic  class  of  poisons.  Its  active 
principle  has  been  called  Dig"itnline.  It  is  a 
hundred-fold  stronger  than  the  most  active  pre- 
paration of  digitalis. 

Digitalis  has  been  administered  in  inflamma- 
tory diseases,  phthisis,  active  hemorrhage,  drop- 
sy, &e. ;  but  although  it  is  a  powerful  remedy,  it 
has  not  been  as  much  emploj"ed  as  it  probably 
would  have  been  in  particular  cases,  owing  to 
the  over-stra,ined  eulogiums,  which  many  have 
passed  upon  it  in  almost  all  diseases.  The  ave- 
rage dose  is  one  grain,  in  the  form  of  pill,  which 
may  be  repeated  every  six  or  eight  hours. 

Digitalis  Minima,  Gratiola  ofiicinalis. 

DIGITA'TION,  Digita'tio,  Produc'tiodentn'ta, 
Inaer'tio  denticuln'ta,  I.  digita'ta.  A  division  into 
processes  having  the  form  of  fingers.  Several 
muscles,  as  the  serrati,  exhibit  digitations,  similar 
to  those  which  the  fingers  form, when  held  separate. 

DIGITATIONES  TUBARUM  FALLOPII, 
see  Tube,  Fallopian. 

DIGIT"IUM.  Desiccation  or  atrophy  of  the 
fingers. — Linnaeus.  Sauvages  calls  the  same  af- 
fection Paronych'ia  Digi.t"iitm,  see  Paronychia. 

DIGITORUM  TENSOR,  Extensor  brevis  digi- 
torum  pedis. 

DIG"ITUS,  Dac'tylos,  Finger,  (F.)  Doigt. 
A  name  given  to  the  prolongations  which  form 
the  extremity  of  the  hand.  There  are  five  on 
each  hand:  the  first,  the  thumb,  Anticheir, 
Pollex,  3Ianu8  parva  majo'ri  adju'trix,  Dig"itus 
primus,  D.  magnus,  Pro'manus,  (F.)  Pouce  ;  the 
second,  the  index;  the  third,  D.  medius,  Impu- 
di'cus,  (F.)  Doigt  du  milieu,  middle  finger  or  lo7tg 
finger;  the  fourth,  the  ring  finger,  Anmda'ris, 
Param'esos,  (F.)  Annulaire  ;  and  the  little  finger, 
Oti'tes,  Dig"itus  auricula' ris,  (F.)  Auriculaire, 
Petit  doigt.  All  of  these  have  three  phalanges, 
except  the  first,  which  has  only  two. 

Digitus  Annularis,  Annular  finger  —  d.  Au- 
ricularis,  see  Digitus — d.  Index,  Index — d.  Indi- 
catorius,  Index — d.  Magnus,  Pollex,  see  Digitus 
— d.  Medius,  see  Digitus. 

Dig"itds  Pedis,  Toe.  (F.)  Orteil.  The  toes 
are  five  in  number,  and  distinguished  nume- 
rically, reckoning  from  within  to  without.  The 
first  is,  also,  called  great  toe,  (F.)gros  orteil;  the 
fifth,  the  little  toe,  petit  orteil.  They  have  nearly 
the  same  orgaa'zation  as  the  fingers. 


Digitus  Primus,  Pollex,  see  Digitus — d.  Sa- 
lutatorius.  Index  —  d.  Secundus,  Index. 

DIG'NATIIUS;  from  Si,  '  double,'  and  yvaeo^, 
'lower  jaw.'  A  monster  having  tvr'o  lower  jaws. 
— Gurlt. 

DIGNOTIO,  Diagnosis. 

DIHYPOGAS'TRIUS,  from  St,  'double,' and 
'vTroyaarptov,  'the  hypogastrium.'  A  monster 
whose  pelvis,  together  with  the  lower  portion  of 
the  abdomen,  is  double. 

DIHYSTE'RIA,  Dime'tra,  Didel'pltys,  U'terv9 
duplex,  from  Si,  'double,'  and  'varcpri,  'uterus.' 
The  state  in  which  there  is  a  double  uterus. 

DIJUDICATIO,  Crisis. 

DILACERATIO,  Laceration. 

DILATANTS,  Dilating  agents. 

DILATA  TEUR,  DOator  — rf.  Anterieur  du 
larynx,  Crico-thyroid  muscle  —  d.  Posterieur  du 
larynx,  Crico-arytenoid,  posterior. 

DILATATIO  BRONCHIORUM,  Bronchiec- 
tasis— •  d.  Ventriculi,  Gastrectasis  —  d.  Intestino- 
rum,  Enterectasis. 

DILATA'TION,  Dilata'fio,  from  dilatare, 
{latum  facere,)  'to  enlarge;'  Eurys'mus,  Aneu- 
rys'mus,  Dieurys'mus.  Augmentation  of  the  bulk 
of  a  body,  occasioned  by  a  separation  of  some  of 
its  molecules.  Caloric  has  the  property  of  dilat- 
ing all  bodies.  In  Surgery,  it  means  the  acci- 
dental or  preternatural  augmentation  of  a  canal 
or  opening;  as  in  aneurisms,  varices,  &c.,  or  the 
process  of  enlarging  any  aperture  or  canal.  When 
used  so  as  to  obtain  a  view  of  parts,  as  by  the 
speculum,  it  is  termed  Diopiris'mxis, 

DILATATOIRE,  Dilator. 

DILATATORIUM,  Dilator. 

DILATATORIUS,  Dilator. 

DILA'TING  AGENTS,  Dilatan'tia,  (F.)  Di- 
latants.  Certain  substances  used  in  surgery, 
either  to  keep  parts  separate  which  have  a  ten- 
dency to  unite  —  as  after  opening  an  abscess,  to 
prevent  the  edges  of  the  incision  from  uniting  ; 
or  to  increase  and  dilate  openings  of  canals,  either 
when  natural,  or  formed  accidentally  or  artifici- 
ally. These  agents  difi'er  from  each  other:  the 
chief  are — prepared  sponge  tents,  gentian  root, 
bougies,  sounds,  dried  peas  for  issues,  &c. 

DILA'TOR,  Dilatato'rius,  Diastnlsvs,  (F.)  Di- 
latateur  ou  Dilatatoire.  A  muscle,  whose  ofiice 
it  is  to  dilate  certain  parts  ;  such  as  the  inspira- 
tory muscles,  which  dilate  the  chest. 

Dilator,  Dilatato'rimn,  (F.)  Dilatatevr.  An 
instrument,  used  for  dilating  a  wound,  excretory 
canal,  or  other  natural  or  artificial  opening.  When 
employed  to  obtain  an  inspection  of  internal 
parts,  it  is  termed  Spec'ulum,  Diop'tra  or  Diop'- 
tron.  There  are  several  instruments  of  this  kind, 
each  taking  its  name  from  the  part  to  which  it  is 
applied  ;  as  Speculum  Oris,  S.  Nasi,  S.  Uteri,  &q. 

Dilator,  Arnott's.  A  modification  of  the  old 
dilators  for  strictures  of  the  urethra.  It  consists 
of  a  tube  of  oiled  silk,  lined  with  the  thin  gut  of 
some  small  animal  to  make  it  air-tight,  and  fixed 
on  the  extremity  of  a  small  canula,  by  which  it 
is  distended  with  air  or  water,  from  a  bag  or 
syringe  at  the  outer  end,  whilst  a  stop-cock  or 
valve  serves  to  keep  the  air  or  water  in,  when 
received.  As  soon  as  the  bag  is  passed  within 
the  stricture  or  strictures,  as  much  air  is  to  be 
injected  into  it  as  the  patient  can  easily  bear. 
The  instrument  is  not  much  used. 

DiLATORES  Alarum  Nasi,  Compressor  naris. 

DILL,  Anethum  graveolens. 

DILLY,  Anthemis  cotula. 

DILUEN'TIA,  from  diluo,  {dis,  and  here,)  'i 
wash  away.'  (F.)  Delayanis.  Medicines  which 
have  been  conceived  proper  for  augmenting  tha 
fluidity  of  the  blood  and  other  animal  liquids. 
A'iI  aqueous  drinks  are  diluents.     They  are  ad- 


DILWEED 


296 


DIPLOPIA 


ministered,  with  great  advantage,  in  various  dis- 
eases. In  fever,  water,  wiiicli  is  the  most  familiar 
diluent,  may  be  freely  allowed ;  the  only  precau- 
tion being  to  give  it  hot  in  the  cold  stage,  cold  in 
the  hot,  and  fepiVZ  in  the  sweating.  In  diseases, 
where  it  is  considered  necessary  to  abstract  blood 
largely,  diluents  should  not  be  given  too  freely. 
The  abstraction  of  blood  occasions  activity  of  ab- 
sorption, and  the  mass  is  speedily  restored.  It 
is  also  obvious,  that  in  cases  of  inflammation  of 
the  mammae,  in  nurses,  diluents  should  not  be 
freely  allowed,  as  they  increase  the  secretion  of 
milk,  and  add  to  the  irritation.  When  demulcents 
are  exhibited  in  eases  of  urinary  disease,  they  act 
simply  as  diluents  :  their  mucilaginous  portion  is 
digested  in  the  stomach  and  small  intestine, — 
the  watery  portion  alone  being  separated  by  the 
kidney. 

DILWEED,  Anthemis  cotula. 
DIMETRA,  Dihysteria. 

DINANT,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Dinant 
is  a  small  town,  six  leagues  from  St.  Malo,  in 
France,  where  are  mineral  waters,  containing  car- 
bonate of  iron,  chloride  of  sodium,  &c.  They  are 
much  esteemed. 
DINGEE,  Dengue. 
DINICUS,  Antidinic. 

DINKHOLD,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  _  A 
rich  carbonated  water,  situate  near  the  junction 
of  the  Lahn  with  the  Rhine,  in  the  duchy  of  Nas- 
sau. It  contains  sulphate  of  soda,  chloride  of 
sodium,  carbonate  of  soda,  sulphate  of  lime,  car- 
bonate of  lime,  and  sulphate  of  magnesia. 
,       DINOMANIA,  Tarantismus. 

DINUS,  Vertigo — d.  Scotoma,  Scotodynia — d. 
Vertigo,  Vertigo. 

DIOBOLON,  Scruple. 
DIOCRES,  Pastil. 
DIODOS,  Diexodos. 
DKECESIS,  Dispensation, 
DIONCO'SIS,  from  &ia,  and  oyKog,  'a  tumour.' 
The  Methodists  applied  this  name  to  a  sort  of 
tumefaction  or  plethora,  occurring  either  directly 
from  too  great  a  quantity  of  fluid  circulating  in 
the  system,  or  owing  to  the  retention  of  sub- 
stances which  ought  to  be  excreted.     It  is  the 
antithesis  to  symptosis.     See  Intumescence. 

DIONYSIA'NUS,  from  Awvvaoq,  'Bacchus,' 
who  is  represented  by  the  poets  as  wearing  horns. 
One  who  has  long  or  horn-like  excrescences. 

DIONYSIS'CUS,  same  etymon.  One  who  has 
a  long  horn-like  excrescence  on  the  frontal  region. 
— ^Vogel. 

DIOPHTHALMUS,  Binoculus. 
DIOPTRA,  Speculum,  see  Dilator. 
DIOPTRISMUS,  Dilatation. 
DIOPTRON,  Speculum,  see  Dilator. 
DIORTHO'SIS,from5topS£u),  'I  make  straight.' 
The  reduction  of  a  fractured  or  luxated  limb. 
DIOSCOREA,  see  Yam. 

Diosco'rea  Villo'sa,  Wild  Yamroot;  indi- 
genous :  Order,  Dioscoriacese ;  flowering  in  July. 
A  decoction  of  the  root  has  been  prescribed  in 
bilious  colic.  It  is  said  to  be  expectorant,  dia- 
phoretic, and,  in  large  doses,  emetic. 
DIOSCURI,  Parotis. 
DIOSMA,  D.  crenata. 

Dios'ma.  Crbna'ta,  from  ^loj,  'divine,'  and 
ocjir],  '  odour.'  Baros'ma  crena'ta,  Ac/athoa'nia 
crena'tum,  Buclin  Leaven,  Dionma  (Ph.  U.  S., 
1842,  Bnchu,  1851)  Biickho,  (P.)  Dioamee  cre- 
*>eJee.  Nat.  Ord.  Diosmeae.  A  South  African 
plant,  the  powder  of  whose  leaves  is  used  by  the 
Hottentots  to  perfume  their  bodies.  It  has  been 
employed  in  chronic  affections  of  the  bladder  and 
nrtnary  organs  in  general.  It  has  also  been  given 
in  cholera.  It  is  often  adulterated  in  comineroe, 
by  the  substitution  of  less  potent  plants  of  the 


same   family,  as  Diosma   serrati/o'lia,  and  Eti- 
pleu'rum  serrvla'tum. 

Diosma  Serratifolia,  D.  crenata, 

BIOSMEE  CRENELEE,  Diosma  crenata, 

DIOS'PYROS  LOTUS,  apparently  from  ^(of, 
'divine,'  and  ^rupoj,  'wheat,'  but  why  is  not  clear; 
Faba  GrcBca,  Indian  Date  Plum,  (F.)  Plaqiienii- 
nier  d'Europe.  This  tree  grows  in  some  of  the 
southern  parts  of  Europe.  Its  fruit  is  very  as- 
tringent, and  has  been  recommended  in  dysentery 
and  hemorrhages. 

Dios'PYROS  Virginia'xa,  Lotus  Virgun'a'na, 
Pemiin'mon.  A  common  tree  in  the  middle  parts 
of  the  United  States.  The  fruit,  Persirn'moua, 
Yellow  Plums,  Winter  Plums,  Seeded  Plums,  which 
is  only  eatable  after  frost,  (when  it  is  tolerable.) 
is  sometimes  made  into  cakes  with  bran.  These, 
being  dried  in  an  oven,  are  kept  to  make  beer. 
When  bruised  in  water,  fermentation  takes  place, 
The  unripe  fruit  is  distressingly  acerb  and  astrin- 
gent. The  bark  of  the  tree,  Biospyros,  (Ph.  U. 
S.,)  is  extremely  bitter,  and  may  be  used  where 
bitters  are  indicated. 

DIOTA,  Byota,  from  iig,  and  ovg,  genitive 
otiros, 'ear.'  Two-eared,  two-handled.  Applied  to 
a  wooden  cup,  lined  with  a  composition  of  resin, 
cinnamon,  cloves,  and  ginger,  to  give  more  flavour 
to  beer.  It  was  formerly  much  used  in  the  north 
of  Europe. 

DIPHORUS,  Diphrus. 

DIPHRUS,  Bi'2)horus,  from  Si;,  'two,'  and 
^epiii,  '  I  carry.'  Properly  a  seat  for  two.  A  close 
stool. 

Diphrus  MAiEu'Ticrs,  Sella  ohstetric"ia.  An 
obstetric  chair. 

DIPH'RYGES;  from  Si;,  and  ipfvyu),  'I  tor- 
refy.' The  oxide  of  copper,  more  or  less  pure. 
The  ancients  reckoned  three  kinds  of  diphryges, 
which  they  used  as  astringents. 

DIPHTHERIA,  Diphtheritis. 

BIPHTHERITE  BUCOALE,  Stomatitis, 
pseudomembranous. 

DIPHTHERI'TIS,  BipTither'ia,  Biplitherit'ic 
Inflammation,  Pellic'ular  Inflammation,  from  Si^- 
Oipa,  'a  membrane.'  A  name  given  by  M.  Bre- 
tonneau  to  a  class  of  diseases,  which  are  charac- 
terized by  a  tendency  to  the  formation  of  false 
membranes,  and  afi"ect  the  dermoid  tissue, — :as  the 
mucous  membranes,  and  even  the  skin. 

Diphtheritis  of  the  Throat,  Angina  pellicu- 
laris — d.  Trachealis,  Cynanche  trachealis. 

DIPLASIASMUS,  Duplication, 

DIPLECOIA,  Double  hearing, 

DIP'LOB,  from  Sn:\ou),  '  I  double.'  Biplo'sis, 
lleditul'lium,  llediuyn  Calva'ricB  Biseri'men.  The 
cellular  structure,  which  separates  the  two  tables 
of  the  skull  from  each  other.  The  ancients  ap- 
plied the  term,  also,  to  the  proper  coat  of  the 
uterus  (?) — Rolfink,  in  Castelli. 

The  Diploe  has  the  same  use  as  the  cellular 
structure  of  bones  in  general.     See  Cancelli. 

DIPLOGEN'ESIS,  Sn:\oo;,  '  double,'  and  ycvt- 
ci;,  'generation.'  An  organic  deviation,  which  is 
owing  to  the  union  of  two  germs. 

DIPLOLEPIS  GALL^  TINCTORIiE,  see 
Quercus  infectoria. 

DIPLO'MA.  Same  etymon  as  Diploe.  A  letter 
or  writing  conferring  some  privilege;  usually 
npplied  to  the  document,  certifying  that  a  person 
has  obtained  the  title  of  Doctor.  It  was  so  called 
because  formerly  written  on  waxed  tables,  folded 
together.  Diploma  is  also  used  in  pharmacy  for 
a  vessel  with  double  walls, — as  a  water-ljath. 

DIPLO'PIA,  from  St-rloo;,  'double,'  and  o-nro- 
Ijai,  '  I  see.'  Fi'sii*  Bvplicn'tus,  Bitto'pia,  Bit- 
top' sia,  A  mphamphotcrodiop'eia,  Amphodiplo' pia, 
Bouhle  Vision,  (F.)  Bevuc.     An  afi'ection  of  the 


DIPLOSIS 


297 


DISEASE 


Bight,  in  which  two  distinct  sensations  are  pro- 
duced by  the  same  object,  which  consequently 
seems  double.  Sometimes  more  than  two  are 
seen;  but  still  the  disease  is  termed  Diplo'pia 
and  Suffii'szo  3[idt'iplicanfs.  This  affection  arises 
from  some  derangement  in  the  visual  axes,  in 
consequence  of  which,  the  images  are  not  im- 
pressed on  corresponding  parts  of  the  retina  of 
each  eye.  The  diplopia  of  both  eyes  has  been 
termed  Amphodiplo'piia  and  Amjihoterodiplo'pia. 

DIPLOSIS,  Diploe,  Duplication. 

DIPLOSO'MA,  from  1>l-\oo?,  'double,'  and 
awna,  '  body.'  The  Diplosoma  crena'ta  is  an  im- 
perfectly described  entozoon,  which  has  been 
.  passed  from  the  urinary  bladder.  It  varies  in 
length  from  four  to  six  or  eight  inches,  and  is 
thinnest  in  the  middle,  where  it  is  bent  at  an 
acute  angle  upon  itself,  so  that  the  two  halves 
hang  nearly  parallel,  and  give  to  it  an  appear- 
ance as  if  two  worms  had  been  tied  together  by 
their  heads.  It  has  been  confounded  with  the 
&'2)iroptera  hominia. 

DIPNOOS,  from  lig,  and  Tvotj,  'breath.'  Hav- 
ing two  vent  holes ;  Bispi'nts.  An  epithet  ap- 
plied to  wounds  which  pass  through  a  part,  and 
admit  the  air  at  both  ends. — Galen. 

DIPROSO'PUS,  Iriod'ymns  et  Opod'ymus,  from 
ii,  '  double,'  and  T^oauntov,  '  countenance.'  A 
monster  having  a  double  face. 

DiPROso'pus  Di.edce'us,  from  &i,  'double,'  and 
irpoo-uTrov,  '  countenance ;'  and  5i,  '  double,'  and 
atioia,  'parts  of  generation.'  A  double  monster, 
in  whom  the  duplication  affects  superiorly  the 
face,  and  inferiorly  the  anterior  pelvic  region. — 
Barkow. 

DiPEOso'ptrs  Dihypogas'trius,  from  hi,  '  dou- 
ble,' and  Trpocrwzov,  '  countenance,'  and  from  Si, 
'  double,'  and  'vTroyaiXTpiov,  '  the  hypogastrium.' 
A  double  monster  in  whom  the  duplication  affects 
superiorly  the  face,  and  inferiorly  the  lower  part 
of  the  body — four  lower  extremities  being  always 
present ; — Tetras'  celus. 

DIPSA,  Thirst. 

DIPSACOS,  Diabetes. 

DIP'SACUS  FULLO'NUM,  Herla  Car'dui 
Ven'eris,  Cnr'duus  Ven'eris,  (F.)  Cardere  cnltive, 
Chardon  d,  foiilnn,  Cliardon  &  bonneiiei;  has  had 
.similar  properties  ascribed  to  it.  Both  have  been 
also  regarded  as  stomachic. 

Dip'sAcus  Sylves'tris,  from  iiipa,  'thirst,' 
said  to  be  so  called  owing  to  the  leaves  being  so 
placed  as  to  hold  water.  Oultioated  Teasel, 
(F.)  Cardere.  The  roots  of  this  European  plant 
are  diuretic  and  sudorific.  The  water,  which  col- 
lects at  the  base  of  the  leaves,  has  been  recom- 
mended as  an  eye-water. 

DIPSET'ICOS,  from  k^a,  'thirst.'  A  remedy 
believed  to  be  capable  of  exciting  thirst.  See 
Alterative. 

DIPSO'DES,  SWiens,  Siticulo'sus,  from  ii'^a, 
'thirst,'  and  uboi,  'resemblance.'  Thirsty.  Caus- 
ing thirst. 

DIPSOMANIA,  from  Si^a,  'thirst,'  and  mania. 
Really,  thirst-mania.  Often,  however,  applied  to 
habitual  drunkenness  and  to  delirium  tremens. 
An  insatiable  desire  for  intoxicating  liquors. 

DIPSOP'ATHY,  BipsopatJti'a,  from  ii^a, 
'thirst,'  and  TTuSof,  'disease.'  A  mode  of  treat- 
ment, which  consists  in  abstaining  from  drinks. 

DIPSO'SIS.  Same  etymon.  Morbid  thirst. 
The  desire  for  drinking,  excessive  or  impaired. 
A  genus  in  the  class  Coeliaca,  order  Enterica,  of 
Good. 

DiPSo'sis  AvENS,  Polydypsia  —  d.  Expers, 
Adipsia. 

DI'PYGUS,  from  h,  'double,'  and  nvyr^,  'the 
nates.'  A  double  monster,  the  duplication  being 
confined  to  the  posterior  portion  of  the  lower  end 
of  the  trunk — the  coccygeal  region. 


DIPYRE'NON,  from  5<f,  'twice,'  and  T,.p„i', 
'a  kernel.'  A  specil'lum  or  probe  with  two  but- 
tons or  kernels — one  at  each  end. 

DIPYRITES,  Biscuit. 

DIPYROS,  Biscuit. 

DIRCA  PALUS'TRIS,  Leatherwood,  Swamp 
Leatherwood,  3foosewood,  Sicampwood,  Jiope- 
bark,  Bois  de  plomh,  (Canada.)  An  indigenous 
shrub,  which  grows  in  boggy  woods  and  low  wet 
places  throughout  the  United  States.  It  is  ana- 
logous to  mezereon,  in  its  action,  —  six  or  eight 
grains  of  the  fresh  bark  producing  violent  vomit- 
ing, preceded  by  a  sense  of  heat  in  the  stomach, 
often  followed  by  purging.  Applied  to  the  skin, 
the  bark  vesicates. 

DIRECTOR,  Ttinera'rium,  from  dirigere,  di- 
rectum, {dis,  and  rec/ere,  '  to  rule,')  '  to  direct.'  A 
Conductor.  A  grooved  sound  for  guiding  a  knife, 
in  dividing  any  part;  (F.)  Sonde  cannelee. 

Director  Penis,  Ischio-cavernosus. 

DIRIBITORIUM,  Mediastinum. 

DIRT-EATING,  Chthonophagia. 

DIRUPTIO,  Rhexis. 

DIS,  Di. 

DISC,  see  Disk. 

DISCEPTUM,  Diaphragm. 

DISCHARGE',  (r/;«,^and  charge,)  Ec'roe, 
Fluxus,  Proflu'vium,  (F.)  Ecoulement.  In  patho- 
logj"-,  an  increased  discharge  from  any  part,  that 
naturally  secretes  a  fluid. 

DISCHROA,  Dyschroja. 

DISCREET',  from  discernere,  discretxim,  'to 
separate.'  Discre'tits,  Intertinc'tus,  Separated, 
(F.)  Discret.  This  epithet  is  given  to  certain 
exanthemata,  in  which  the  spots  or  pustules  are 
separated  from  each  other.  It  is  opposed  to 
confluent. 

DISCRET,  Discreet. 

DISCRE'TA  PURGA'TIO.  The  purgation 
or  expulsion  of  some  particular  matter. 

DISCRETIVUS,  Diagnostic. 

DISCRETORIUM,  Diaphragm. 

DISCRI'MEN,  Separation,  Division.  A  ban- 
dage, used  in  bleeding  from  the  frontal  vein  ;  so 
called,  because,  in  passing  along  the  sagittal  su- 
ture, it  divides  the  head  into  two  equal  parts. 

DiscRiMEN  Calvari^  Medium,  Diploe  —  d. 
Narium,  Septum  N. 

DiscRiMEN  Nasi;  a  bandage,  in  the  form  of 
the  letter  X,  intended  to  support  the  nose,  in 
transverse  wounds  of  the  organ. 

DiscRiiiEN  Thoracis  et  Ventris,  Diaphragm. 

DISCUS  PROLIGERUS,  Proligerous  disc  — 
d.  Vitellinus,  Proligerous  disc. 

DISCUSSIFS,  Discutients. 

DISCUSSIO,  Resolution. 

DISCUSSIVA,  Discutients. 

DISCUSSORIA,  Discutients. 

DISCU'TIENTS,  Discutien'tia,  Resolven'tia, 
Discuss" va,  Discusso'ria,  from  discittere,  'to  shake 
apart,'  (dis,  and  quatere,  'to  shake.')  (F.)  Dis- 
cu-ssifs.  Substances  which  possess  the  potver  of 
repelling  or  resolving  tumours. 

DISEASE',  old  French  desaise; — from  dis,  and 
ease:  Morbus,  Nosos,  Nose'ma,  Noseu'ma,  Nusus, 
Pathos,  Pathe'ma,  Lues,  Malum,  Passio,  jEgritti'- 
do,  ^grota'tio,  Vit"ium,  Arrhos'tia,  Arrhoste'ma, 
Arrhosten'ia,  Valetu'do  adver'sa,  Mal'adt/,  Com., 
plaint,  Sichness,  Distem'per.  (F.)  Maladie.  An 
opposite  state  to  that  of  health,  consisting  in  a 
change  either  in  the  position  and  structure  of 
parts,  or  in  the  exercise  of  one  or  more  of  their 
functions,  or  in  both. 

By  some.  Disease  is  applied  to  structural 
change,  whilst  Disorder  is  restricted  to  functional 
derangement. 

The  following  table,  essentially  that  of  Dr.  C. 
J.  B.  Williams,  comprises  the  chief  elements  of 
structural  disease. 


DISECOIA 


298* 


DISPENSATORY 


■  Increased — Hypertrophy, 
Diminished— Atrophy. 


Diseased 

Nutrition. 


r  Contraction, 
Dilatation, 
Altered    J  Obstruction, 


'  Inflammation, 
Induration, 
Softening, 
Transformation  and  Degeneration. 


'  Euplastic 


r  Cicatrices, 
I  False 


Deposits  . .  \  Cacoplastic 


Perverted  .  - 


Mechajsism. 


Compression, 
Displacement, 
Rupture,  &c. 


Growths 


Disease,  Blue,  Cyanopathy  —  d.  of  Bright, 
Kidney,  Bright's  Disease  of  the  —  d.  English, 
Piaehitis  —  d.  Extrinsic,  External  disease  —  d. 
Family,  see  Hereditary  —  d.  Fungoid,  Encepha- 
'loid — d.  Gastro-enteric,  Gastro-enteritis — d.  Has- 
mato-cerebriform,  Eneephaloid  —  d.  Hereditary, 
see  Hereditary — d.  Pretended,  Feigned  disease— 
d.  Simulated,  Feigned  disease — d.  Surgical,  Ex- 
ternal disease. 

DISECOIA,  Baryecoia. 

DISFIGURATION,  Deformation. 

DISGORGE'MENT,  (F.)  Begorf/ement,  from 
de,  ajid  (/orije^  'the  throat.'  An  opposite  condi- 
tion to  that  of  Engorgement.  The  discharge  or 
abstraction  of  a  certain  quantity  of  fluid,  -which 
had  previously  collected  in  a  part;  as  Disgorge- 
ment of  bile.    It  also  means  particularly,  a  vomit. 

DISGUST',  from  de,  and  gmtnre,  'to  taste.' 
Cihi  fastid'iimi,  Aposit'ia,  Asit'ia,  Ajyoclei'sis, 
Ahomtna'tio,  Siccha'sia,  Horror  Ciho'rum,  Loath- 
ing. An  aversion  for  food.  (F.)  Degout.  Dis- 
gust is  not  the  same  as  Anorexia.  The  latter  is 
only  a  want  of  appetite;  the  former  consists  in 
real  repugnance  for  food. 

DISINFECTANT,  D!  sin  fee' tans,  from  dis, 
a,nd  infeet.  This  term  has  been  restricted  by 
some  to  agents  that  are  capable  of  neutralizing 
morbific  effluvia;  but  the  author  includes  under 
it,  also,  antiseptics  or  agents  that  are  capable  of 
removing  any  incipient  or  fully  formed  septic 
condition  of  the  living  body,  or  of  any  part  of  it. 

DISINFECTING  LIQUID,  SIR  WILLIAM 
BURNETT'S,  see  Burnett's  Disinfecting  Liquid 
—  d.  Liquid,  Labarraque's,  Liquor  sodae  chlori- 
natas — d.  Liquid  of  Ledoyen,  see  Ledoyen's  dis- 
infecting liquid. 

DISINFECTION,  Disinfec'tio.  The  act  of 
destroying  miasmata,  with  which  the  air,  cloth- 
ing, &c.,  may  be  infected.  Various  means  have 
been  proposed  for  this  purpose.  Those  most 
comni'^uly  employed  are:  —  chlorine,  aidphnroits 
and  chl-Drohydric  acid  gases,  vaponrs  of  vinegar, 
tiitrous  acia ;  and,  what  is,  perhaps,  the  most 
manageable  of  any,  and  equally  efficacious, — 
chlorinated  lime,  or  any  of  the  chlorides  of  the 
alkalies.  It  is  questionable  if  any'chemical  ac- 
tion occur  between  these  agents  and  the  mias- 
mata, whence  results  a  compound  which  is  harm- 
li'ss.  Disinfection  also  includes  the  action  of 
antiseptics. 

Ohlorine  or  Oocymuriat'ic  Fnmiga'tion,  S!ohi'- 
tw  alexite'ria  Gauhia'na,  Fnmiga'tio  antHoim'- 
tVa  Oaii'hii,  Alexite'rium  chlo'rieum,  Fnmiga'tio 
Gvytonien'sis,  is  made  by  adding  common  salt 
^iij,  to  Had.  oxide  of  manganese  ^j,  sidyhiiric 


se  membranes. 
Cirrhosis, 
J  Fibro-cartilage, 
1  Gray  tubercle, 
[  Atheroma,  &c. 
C  Yellow  tubercle, 

_  Aplastic <  Calcareous 

(    matter,  &c. 
(  Cysts, 
r  Nonmalignant .  <  Tumours, 
I  (  Hydatids,  &e. 

(  Carcinoma, 
<  Encephalonia, 
(^  Melanosis,  &c. 


[  Malignant. 


acid  §j,  and  loater  f^ij.  This  may  be  carried 
through  an  apartment,  or  be  shut  up  in  it. 

Nitrons  Fnmiga'tion,  Alexite'rium  Ni'tricum, 
Fxtmiga'tio  Smythia'na,  may  be  formed  by  pla- 
cing nitrate  of  potass  ^iv,  and  sulphuric  acid  ^i^, 
in  a  saucer  on  hot  sand. 

DISJUNCTI  MORBL  (From  dis,  and  jwi- 
gere,  jnnctnm,  'to  join.')  Disjoined  diseases. 
Fernelius  has  thus  denominated  diseases  which 
occupy  difiTerent  organs,  and  are  not  produced  by 
each  other. 

DISK,  BLOOD,  Globules  of  the  blood— d.  In- 
tervertebral, Intervertebral  Cartilage — d.  Prolige- 
rous,  see  Proligerous  Disk. 

DISLOCATIO  LIENIS  SEU  SPLENIS, 
Spleneetopia. 

DISLOCATION,  Luxation.  ' 

DISOD'ICUS,  from  its,  'twice,'  and  o&o;, 
'threshold.'     Having  a  double  opening. 

DISORDER,  see  Disease. 

DISORGANIZA'TION,  Organo'rum  destrvc- 
tio,  (F.)  Desorganisation.  A  complete  morbid 
change  in  the  structure  of  an  organ,  or  even 
total  destruction  of  its  texture.  In  sphncehis, 
and  sloughy  ulcers,  we  have  examjiles  of  this 
change. 

DISPENSATRE,  Dispensary,  Dispensatory. 

DISPEN'SARY,  Dispensa'rium,  from  dispen- 
dere,  {dis  and  pendere,  '  to  weigh,')  'to  take  from 
a  weight  or  mass,' 'to  distribute.'  The  shop  or 
place  in  which  medicines  are  prepared.  Also,  an 
institution  in  which  the  poor  are  furnished  with 
advice  and  necessary  medicines.  (F.)  Disjxn- 
smire.  This  word  is  also  used  by  the  French  sy- 
nonymously with  Dispensatory. 

DISPENSA'TION,  Dispensa'tio,  Diace'sia, 
Epineme'sis.  The  composition  and  distribution 
of  medicines  according  to  prescription.  In 
France,  it  is  more  commonly  applied  to  the 
weighing,  measuring,  and  arranging  of  the  ar- 
ticles, which  have  to  enter  into  a  formula,  prior 
to  combining  them. 

DISPENSATOR,  Apothecary. 

DISPEN'SATORY,  Dispensato'rinm ;  same 
etymon.  Antidota'rium,  Liber  Pharmaceut'icvs, 
(F.)  Dispensaire.  A  book  which  treats  of  the 
composition  of  medicines.  A  Dispensatory  dif- 
fers from  a  Pharmacopoeia,  in  containing  the  phy- 
sical and  medical  history  of  the  various  substances ; 
whilst  the  Pharmacopoeia  is  mainly  restricted  to 
the  mode  of  preparing  them.  The  Pharmacopoeia 
too,  is  published  under  the  authority  of,  and  by, 
the  members  of  a  college  or  association  ;  whilst  a 
dispensatory  contains  the  whole  of  the  Pharma- 
copoeia or  Pharmacopoeias,  with  additions  by  the 
author,  under  whose  authority,  alone,  it  usually 


DISPLACED 


299 


DITTAXT 


appears.  The  Pharmacopoeia,  in  other  words,  is 
officinal;  the  Dispensatory,  generally,  private. 
Formerly,  the  words  were  used  indiscriminately. 
See  Formulary,  and  Pharmacopceia. 

DISPLACED,  see  Percolation. 

DISPLACEMENT,  Percolation. 

DISPOSIT"ION,  D{spo!<it"io,  from  dis,  and 
pnnere,  'to  put  or  set.'  A  particular  condition 
of  the  body,  which  renders  it  susceptible  of 
altering,  suddenly,  to  a  state  of  health  or  disease: 
—  of  improving,  or  becoming  changed  for  the 
worse.  The  disposition  to  phthisis  pulmonalis  is 
sometimes  so  strong,  owing  to  original  conforma- 
tion, that  the  disease  will  make  its  appearance, 
notwithstanding  every  care.     See  Diathesis. 

DISPUTATIO,  Thesi^s. 

BISQUE  PROLIGERE,  Proligerous  Disk. 

DISRUP'TIO,  from  disrumpere,  'to  break  off.' 
A  puncture,  which  interests  deep-seated  parts. 

DISSECTING  ANEURISM,  see  Aneurism. 

DISSECTIO,  Dissection  —  d.  Tendinum,  Te- 
notomy. 

DISSECTION,  Dissec'tio,  from  dissecare,  [die, 
and  secure,  'to  cut,')  'to  cut  open;'  Diac'ope, 
Sec'tio  Anatom'ica,  Practical  Anatomj/,  Necrot'- 
omy.  An  operation,  by  which  the  different  parts 
of  the  dead  bodj'  are  exposed,  for  the  purpose  of 
studying  their  arrangement  and  structure.  Dis- 
section has  received  various  names,  according  to 
the  organ  concerned;  —  as  Osteotomy,  Syndesmo- 
tomy.  Myotomy,  Angiotomy,  Neurotomy,  Desmot- 
omy,  &c. 

DISSECTOR,  Prosec'tor,  Pro'tomus,  same 
etymon.  (F.)  Prosecteur.  A  practical  anatomist. 
One  who  prepares  the  parts  for  the  anatomical 
lecture.  ■ 

DISSEPIMENTUM  NARIUM,  Septum  na- 
rium — d.  Thoracis,  Mediastinum. 

DISSEPTUM,  Diaphragm. 

DISSERTATION,  INAUGURAL,  Thesis. 

DISSIDENTIA,  Diastasis. 

DISSIPIUM,  Diaphragm. 

DISSOLUTIO  SANGUINIS,  Hsemateclysis 
■ — d.  Ventriculi,  Gastromalacia. 

DISSOLU'TION,  Bissoln'tio,  Bial'ysis,  from 
dissolvere,  [dis,  and  solvere,)  'to  loosen,'  'to  melt.' 
This  word  is  in  frequent  use,  in  the  writings  of 
the  humourists.  It  is  employed,  particularly,  in 
speaking  of  the  blood ; — to  designate,  not  its  en- 
tire decomposition  or  putrefaction,  but  a  diminu- 
tion in  its  consistence. 

BISSOLUTION,  Solution. 

BISSOLVANTS,  Dissolventia. 

DISSOLVEN'TIA,  Solvents,  (F.)  Bissolvants. 
Medicines  believed  to  be  capable  of  dissolving 
swellings,  concretione,  &c.  Discutients,  Resol- 
vents. 

DISTAD;  from  disfo,  (dis,  and  sfo,)  'to  stand 
apart.'  Away  from  a  centre.  Towards  the  far 
extremity.  In  anatomy,  used  by  Dr.  Barclay 
adverbially,  to  signify  'towards  the  distal  aspect.' 

DISTAL  ASPECT.  An  aspect  of  a  bone  from 
the  trunk,  or  towards  the  extremity. — Barclay. 

DISTExMPER,  Disease. 

DISTEMPERANTIA,  Dyscrasia. 

DISTENSIO,  Diatasis,  Tension,  Tetanus  — d. 
:  Nervorum,  Convulsion. 

BISTENSWN  BE  LA  VESWULE  BU 
FIEL,  Turgescentia  vesicae  felleae. 

DISTICHI'ASIS,  Bistich'ia,  Bistrich'ia,  Bis- 
trichi'asis,  Bistoe'chia,  Bistcechi'asis,  from  ii^, 
'  double,'  and  cttixo;,  'a  row.'  An  increased  num- 
ber of  eyelashes ;  some  turned  towards  the  eye, 
and  irritating  the  organ ;  whilst  others  preserve 
their  natural  direction. — Galen,  Paulus  of  ^gina. 
See  Entropion. 

DISTILLATIO  UTERI,  Leucorrhoea. 

DlSTILLA'TIO'N,BeatiUa'tio,Stalag'mo8,{iom 


destillare,  (de,  and  stillare,)  'to  drop,  little  by  lit- 
tle.' Cataitalar/'mos.  An  operation,  bj' which — by 
the  aid  of  heat  and  in  close  vessels— the  volatile  are 
separated  from  the  fixed  parts  of  bodies,  with  the 
view  of  collecting  the  former,  when  condensed  in 
appropriate  receivers.  The  ancients  distinguished 
distillation  per  latus,  j)er  ascen'sum,  and  per  de- 
scen'sum,  according  to  the  direction  which  the 
volatilized  matters  were  made  to  take.  In  dia- 
tillation  per  latiis,  the  apparatus  is  so  arranged, 
that  the  vapour  passes  horizontally  through  a 
succession  of  spaces  before  reaching  the  receiver. 
BisfillatioH  2ier  asceiisum  is  the  ordinary  method 
by  the  still.  In  distillation  per  descensum,  the  fire 
is  applied  above  and  around  the  top  of  the  appa- 
ratus; and  it  is  so  arranged  that  the  vapour 
must  pass  downwards.  When  dry  organic  matter 
is  placed  in  an  apparatus  for  distillation,  axid  heat 
is  applied  until  all  volatile  matter  is  driven  out, 
the  process  is  called  dry  or  destructive  distillation. 

Distillation,  Destructive,  see  Distillation — 
d.  Dry,  see  Distillation  —  d.  Per  Ascensum,  see 
Distillation — d.  Per  Doscensum,  see  Distillation — 
d.  Per  Latus,  see  Distillation. 

DISTOCIA,  Bitoc'ia,  from  <5(j,  'twice,'  and 
TOKOS,  '  birth.'     Delivery  of  twins. 

DISTCECIIIA,  Distiohiasis. 

DIST(ECHIASIS,  Distiehiasis. 

DIS'TOMA  HEPAT'ICUM,  from  hs,  and 
(TTOfxa,  'mouth.'  Fasci'ola  hepat'ica,  Plana'ria 
latius'citla,  Fasciola  huma'na,  F.  lanceola'ta. 
Gourd-worm,  Fluke,  Liver  Fluke,  (F.)  Douvt, 
B.  du  Foie.  An  obovate,  flat  worm,  an  inch  in 
length,  and  nearly  an  inch  broad;  sometimes 
found  in  the  gall-laladder  of  man,  whence  it  oc- 
casionally passes  into  the  intestinal  canal.  It  is 
one  of  the  most  common  varieties  of  worms,  in- 
festing the  livers  of  the  sheep,  goat,  ox,  stag, 
fallow-deer,  horse,  ass,  hog,  hare,  &c.  The  treat- 
ment is  like  that  required  for  other  worms. 

DisTOMA  Oc'uLi  Huma'ni.  A  parasite  once 
observed  in  the  eye  of  a  child  who  had  suffered 
from  lenticular  cataract. — Gescheidt. 

DISTORSIO,  Distortion,  Sprain,  Strabismus 
— d.  Oris,  Canine  laugh. 

DISTOR'TION,  Bistor'sio,  Infor'sio,  from  dis- 
torquere,  (dis,  and  torquere,)  'to  wrest  aside.' 
Biastrem'ma,  Bias'trophe,  Ligys'ma,  (F.)  Bistor- 
sion.  Usually  applied  to  the  preternatural  cur- 
vature of  a  bone  ;  as  distortion  of  the  spiue,  limhs, 
&c.  It  signifies,  also,  a  morbid  state  of  the 
muscles  of  the  eye,  constituting  squinting  or  stra- 
bismus. 

DISTORTOR  ORIS,  Zygomaticus  major. 

DISTRIBUTORIA  LACTEA  THORACICA, 
Thoracic  duct. 

DISTRICHIA,  Distiehiasis. 

DISTRICHIASIS,  Distiehiasis. 

DISTRIX,  from  (5(f,  'double,'  and  ^p(|,  'the 
hair.'  Trichio'sis  distrix,  Fissu'ra  capillo'mm. 
Hairs  of  the  scalp,  weak,  slender,  and  sijlitting  at 
their  extremities. 

DITOCIA,  Distocia. 

DITRACHYCERAS,  from  h?,  'two,'  rpaxv;, 
'rough,'  and  /cfp«f,  'horn.'  A  genus  of  intestinal 
worms.  The  Bitrachyc'eras  rudis,  Bic'eras  rude, 
(F.)  Bicorne  rude.  This  entozoon  was  first  ob- 
served in  the  evacuations  of  a  female,  by  M.  Sul- 
zer  of  Strasburg.  It  is  of  a  fawn  colour,  from  3 
to  5  lines  in  length,  with  an  oval  head,  flattened 
and  terminating  in  a  point  posteriorly;  contained 
in  a  membranous  sac,  and  furnished,  anteriorly, 
with  a  bifurcated,  rugous  horn.  Laennec  consi- 
ders it  a  vesicular  worm  or  hydatid.     See  Worms. 

DITTANDER,  Lepidium  :=ativum. 

DITTANY,  Cunila  Mariana  —  d.  American, 
Cunila  Mariana — d.  Bastard,  Dictammis  albus- 


DITTECOIA 


300 


DODECAPHARMACUM 


i.  cf  Crete,  Origanum  dictamnus  —  d.  Mountain, 
Cunila  Mariana. 

DITTECOIA,  Double  hearing. 

DITTOPIA,  Diplopia. 

DITTOPSIA,  Diplopia. 

DIURESI^STHE 'SIS,  DiureticocEsthe'sie, 
TJresicBsthe'sis ;  from  biovpuv,  'to  pass  the  urine,' 
and  aia9ri(Tt;,  'feeling.'  The  desire  or  want  to 
pass  the  urine. 

DIURE'SIS,  from  Sta,  '  through  or  by,'  and 
ovpcu3,  'I  pass  the  urine.'  An  abundant  excretion 
of  urine. 

DIURET'IC,  Diuret'icm,  lechuret'ie,  same 
etymon ;  Uret'icus,  Urina'Us.  A  medicine  which 
has  the  property  of  increasing  the  secretion  of 
urine.  Diuretics  act  by  producing  a  discharge 
of  the  watery  and  other  parts  of  the  blood  ;  and, 
by  such  discharge,  indirectly  promote  absorption 
over  the  whole  system.  Hence,  they  are  em- 
ployed in  dropsy.  The  following  are  the  chief 
Diuretics:  —  Cantharis;  Cantharis  Vittata;  Po- 
tasste  Acetas  ;  Potassaj  Liquor  ;  Cahinca ;  Col- 
chici  Radix;  Colchici  Semen;  Digitalis;  Diosma 
Crenata ;  Juniperus  ;  Oleum  Terebinthinse  ;  Po- 
tassse  Nitras ;  Potassse  Bitartras ;  Scilla;  Soda3 
Sales,  and  Spiritus  Jiltheris  Nitrici. 

DIURETICA,  Arnica  Montana. 

DIURETICO-iESTIIESIS,  Diuresiffisthesis. 

DIVARICATIO,  Ectropion. 

DIVERSORIUM  CHYLI,Receptaculum  chyli. 

DIVERTICULA  SPIRITUUM  ANIMA- 
LIUM,  Ganglions,  nervous. 

DIVERTICULUM,  Devertic'uhm.  'A  turn- 
ing;' from  divertere,  [di,  and  vertere,)  'to  turn 
aside.'  A  blind  tube  branching  out  from  the 
course  of  a  longer  one.  An  organ  which  is  capa- 
ble of  receiving  an  unusual  quantity  of  blood, 
when  the  circulation  is  obstructed  or  modified 
elsewhere,  is  said  to  act  as  a  diverticulum.  Also, 
a  malformation  or  diseased  appearance  of  a  part, 
in  which  it  passes  out  of  its  regular  course.  It 
is  sometimes  applied  to  such  a  condition  of  the 
alimentary  canal.  Also,  a  hole  to  get  out  at.  A 
by-passage.     See  Ectrope. 

DivERTic'uLUM  Nuc'kii.  The  opening  through 
which  the  round  ligaments  of  the  uterus  pass. — 
Parr. 

Divehtictjltjm •  Pharyngis,  Pharyngocele. 

DIVI'DINGr,  Biv'idena,  from  di  or  die,  and 
the  Hetrusean  verb  iduo,  '  to  part  or  portion.' 
That  which  divides  or  separates. 

Dividing  Bandage,  Fas'cia  div'idens,  (F.) 
Bandage  divisif,  is  a  bandage  employed  for  the 
purpose  of  keeping  parts  separated  from  each 
other.  It  is  used  particularly  to  prevent  impro- 
per union ;  as  ia  cases  of  burns  of  the  neck  or 
other  parts. 

DIVINATIO,  Mantia. 

DIVISION,  Bivis'io,  Bice' rests.  The  acciden- 
tal feeparation  of  parts  naturally  united  ;  in  other 
wolds,  a  wound  or  solution  of  continuity.  Most 
frequently,  however,  it  means  an  operation,  which 
consists  in  cutting  certain  parts,  with  the  view  of 
fulfilling  some  therapeutical  indication. 

DIVUL'SIO,  Dias'^yasis,  from  divellere,  {die, 
and  vellere,)  'to  pull  asunder.'  A  term  used  in 
Surgery,  to  express  the  rupture  or  laceration  of 
organs  by  external  violence. 

DivuLSio  URIN.E,  Cloudiness  of  urine.  —  See 
Enseoreraa 

DIXON'S  ANTIBILIOUS  PILLS,  Pilulae 
antibiliosae. 

DIYLISIS,  Colatio. 

DIYLISMUS,  Colatio. 

DIZZINESS,  VertiRO. 

DOCCIONE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  This 
spring  is  at  Lucca,  in  Italy.   It  is  a  thermal  saline. 


DOCH'ME,  Soxp"i-  A  measure  of  the  Greeks, 
equal  to  about  four  fingers'  breadth  :  Dactylo- 
doch'me, 

DOCIMA'SIA,  Doeimas'tice,  Docimasiolor/"{a, 
from  SoKtim^d),  '  I  try  or  prove  the  quality  of  any 
thing.'     The  act  of  assaying. 

DocnrA'siA  MEDiCAMENTo'Rrir  et  Vexeno'- 
RUM.     The  testing  of  medicines  and  poisons. 

Docima'sia  PuLMo'.N'uir,  D.  Pulmona'lis,  Fnc- 
obiomanti'a,  Pneiiobiomanti'a,  Pneohiommi'tica. 
Lunfi  proof,  Eespi ration  proof.  Different  proofs 
to  which  the  organs  of  respiration  of  a  new-born 
child  are  subjected,  for  the  purpose  of  detecting 
whether  it  has  or  has  not  respired  after  birth  ;  in 
other  words,  whether  it  was  born  alive  or  dead; 
—  Ptieusiobiof/no'sis,  Pnexisiobios'cojje.  These 
consist,  chiefly,  1.  In  testing  them  with  water, 
for  the  purpose  of  seeing  whether  the  lungs  are 
specifically  heavier  or  lighter  than  that  fluid. 
This  is  called  JJocimasia  PidmonuM  Jnjdrontat' ica 
or  the  Hydrostatic  Test.  If  lighter,  it  would  bo 
some  evidence  that  the  foetus  had  respired :  2. 
In  comparing  the  weight  of  the  lungs  with  that 
of  the  whole  body  ;  the  weight  of  lungs  in  which 
respiration  has  taken  place  being  nearly  twice  as 
great.  This  is  Docima'sia  Pulmo'nvm  Stat'ica, 
or  Ploucquet's  Test ;  and,  3.  By  measuring  the 
circumference  of  the  thorax  and  lungs  ;  and  com- 
paring their  dimensions  with  those  of  an  infant 
which  has  not  respired.  This  is  Daniel's  Test. 
These  tests,  singly,  afford  only  probable  evi- 
dence ;  but  when  united,  the  deductions  may  be 
more  conclusive. 

DOCIMASIOLOGIA,  Docimasia. 

DOCK,  BLOODY,  Rumex  sanguineus  —  d. 
Blunt-leaved,  Rumex  obtusifolius  —  d.  Cresses, 
Lapsana — d.  Sour,  Rumex  acetosa — d.  Sour,  bo- 
real, Oxyria  reniformis — d.  Water,  Rumex  hydro- 
lapathum — d.  Wild,  sharp-pointed,  Rumex  acutus. 

DOCNA  SURA,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
This  spring  is  in  the  Krapach  mountains.  The 
water  contains  sulphate  of  soda,  carbonate  of 
soda,  chloride  of  sodium,  carbonate  of  lime,  silica, 
and  iron. 

DOCTOR,  3Ted'icua,  from  doctus,  'learned;' 
'  un  homme  qui  devrait  etre  docte.'  A  Physician. 
Frequently  applied  to  any  one  who  practises  me- 
dicine ;  although  properly  confined  to  him  who 
has  received  his  degree  of  Doctor  of  Medicine. 

DOCTRINA  GALLIANA,  Craniology— d.  So- 
teria,  Medicina. 

DOCTRINE,  MED'ICAL,  Docfri'na  Ifed'ica. 
The  principles  or  positions  of  any  medical  sect 
or  master.  Medicine  has  been  too  full  of  doc- 
trines. One  of  the  first  was  that  of  Herodicus 
of  Selivraja,  who  recommended  gymnastic  exor- 
cises in  disease.  The  chief  founders  of  doctrines 
have  been  Hippocrates,  Serapion  of  Alexandria, 
Philinus  of  Cos,  Ilerophilus,  Asclcpiades,  The- 
mison  of  Laodicea,  Thessahis  of  Trallcs.  Soranus 
of  Ephesus,  Leonides  of  Alexandria,  Athenfcus 
of  Attalia,  Archigenes  of  Apamxa,  Atratbinus  of 
Sparta,  Galenus,  Paracelsus,  John  Bnptist  van 
Helmont,  Sylvius  de  Ic  Boe,  Keill,  Hamberger, 
Pitcairne,  IT.  Boerhaave,  J.  E.  Stahl,  Frederick 
Hoffmann,  George  Baglivi,  Cullen,  Darwin,  John 
Brown,  Beddoes,  Girtanner,  Reil,  Rush,  Rasori, 
and  Broussais. 

Doctrine,  Physiological,  Broussaism. 

DODDER,  Cuscuta  glomerata — d.  American, 
Cuscuta  glomerata — d.  of  Thyme,  Cuscuta  epi- 
thymuin. 

DODECADACTYLITIS,  Duodenitis. 

DODECADACTYLON,  Duodenum. 

DODECAPHAR'MACUM,  from  ioSixa, 
'twelve,'  and  (papftaKov,  'a  medicine.'  An  an- 
cient name  given  to  all  medicines  which  oon- 


DODECATHEON 


301 


DORONICUM 


alsted  of  twelve  ingredients.     See  Apostolorum 
Unguentum. 

DODECATH'EON,  from  im'isKfi,  'twelve,'  and 
Tt^n^h  '  I  put-'  An  antidote,  consisting  of  twelve 
simple  substances. — Paulus  of  ^gina. 

DoDECATHEOK,  Sanicula— d.  Plinii,  Pinguicola 
vulgaris. 

DODON^A,  Myrica  gale. 
DoDONiE'A  Thunbergia'na.     A  shrub  of  the 
Nat.  Orel.  Sapindacete,  which  grows  at  the  Cape 
of  Good  Hope.     A  decoction  of  the  root  is  used 
as  a  gentle  cathartic  in  fever. 
DODRAMS,  Spithama. 
DOGCHOAK,  Cynanche. 

DOGDAYS,  (F.)  Jours  Canicnlaires.  During 
these  days,  comprised  between  the  24th  of  July 
and  the  23d  of  August,  the  temperature  of  the 
air  in  Europe  is  generally  high  and  oppressive. 
They  have  received  this  name  from  the  dogstar, 
Canie'ula,  Sfipio?,  Si'rius  —  n  very  brilliant  star 
in  the  constellation  of  the  great  dog,  which  rises 
and  sets,  at  this  time,  with  the  sun.  It  was  for- 
merly believed  to  be  a  period  particularly  unpro- 
jntious  to  health  ;  that  it  was  dangerous  to  purge 
during  it;  and  other  phantasies  were  indulged  in 
regard  to  it. 

DOGGRASS,  Triticum  repens. 
DOGMAT'IC,    from   the    Greek    Soyiia,   from 
SoKco),  '  I  think.'     Dogmat'icus.     The  name  of  an 
ancient  medical  sect;  so  called,  because  its  mem- 
bers endeavoured,  by  reasoning,  to  discover  the 
essence  of  diseases  and  their  occult  causes;  whilst 
the  Empirics,  their  rivals,   confined  themselves 
strictly  to  experience  ;  i.  e.,  to  the  observation 
of  facts.     The  union  of  the  two  modes  of  inves- 
tigation makes  the  rational   physician.      These 
sectarians  are  likewise  called   Dog'matists,  and 
their  doctrine  Dog'matism.     The  founders  of  the 
sect  were   Hippocrates,  Thessalus,    Draco,    and 
Polybius  ;  and  the  most  celebrated  of  its  support- 
ers were  Diodes  of  Carysta,  Praxagoras  of  Cos, 
Chrysippus  of  Soli,  Herophilus,  Erasistratus,  &c. 
DOGS'  BANE,  Apocynum  androsasmifolium — 
d.  Bane,  bitter,  Apocynum  androsa?mifolium. 
DOGS'  GRASS,  Triticum  repens. 
DOGS'  STONES,  Orchis  mascula. 
DOGSTAR,  Canicula. 
DOGTREE,  Cornus  Florida. 
DOGWOOD,  Cornus  Florida— d.  Blueberried, 
Cornus  sericea — d.  Female,  Cornus  sericea — d. 
Florid,  Cornus  Florida — d.  Great  flowered,  Cornus 
Florida — d.  Jamaica,  Piscidia  erythrina — d.  New 
England,  Cornus  sericea — d.  Pond,  Cephalanthus 
occidentalis  —  d.  Silky-leaved,  Cornus  sericea — 
d.  Virginian,  male,  Cornus  Florida — d.  Round- 
leaved,  Cornus  oircinata — d.  Swamp,  Cornus  se- 
ricea, Ptelea  trifoliata. 

DOIGT,  Digitus  — c?.  Auriculatre,  Auricular 
finger — d.  Milieu,  see  Digitus  —  d.  Petit,  see  Di- 
gitus. 

DOIGT FER,  Digital e,  Digitalis  — 1£.  d'Asdru- 
haU,  see  Digitale. 
.  DOLABRA,  Ascia,  Doloire. 

DOLICHOCEPH'AL^  (GENTES):  from  5o- 
>t;(;os,  'long,'  and  Kic^aXn,  'head.'  Longheads. 
Nations  of  men  whose  cerebral  lobes  completely 
cover  the  cerebellum  —  as  the  Kelts,  Germans, 
negroes,  Ac. — Retzius. 

DOL'ICHOS,  from  (5oX(;tof,  'long.'  A  genus 
of  plants  of  the  leguminous  family.  It  includes 
a  number  of  species,  generally  indigenous  in 
India  or  America.  Tlie  Dol'ichos  Lahlnh,  or 
LaUah,  is  found  in  Egypt.  (Prospero  Alpini.) 
Its  fruit  is  eaten  there,  like  the  haricot  with  us. 
The  Dol'ichos  Sinen'sis,  is  eaten  in  China,  and  is 
stored  up  as  a  provision  for  long  voyages.  The 
Dol'ichos  Tuhero'sus,  (F.)  Pols  Patate  of  Mar- 


tinique, has  tuberous  roots  of  the  size  of  both 
fists,  and  has  the  consistence  and  taste  of  tha 
turnip.  The  Dol'ichos  Bidho'sus  of  the  West  In- 
dies resembles  the  turnip;  —  and  from  the  Dol'i- 
chos Soja,  the  Japanese  prepare  the  well-known 
sauce  Soy,  which  they  term  Sooja.  The  most 
important  in  medicine,  is  the 

Dol'ichos  Pru'riens,  Dol'ichos,  Stizolo'hiuw., 
3Iucu'na  pru'riens,  Negre'tia  pru'riens,  Cowhage, 
Cowitch,  Adsaria  Pala.  Order,  Leguminosfe. 
(F.)  Pais  d  gratter.  The  stiff  hairs  of  the  Doli- 
chos  Pods,  called  Dolichos  Pules,  D.  Prurien'tis 
pubes,  Dolichi  Seta  Legu'minum,  Lanu'go  Sil'i- 
qucB  hirsu'tcB,  Miicu'va,  (Ph.  U.  S.,)  are  the  parts 
used  in  medicine.  They  excite  an  intolerable, 
prurient  sensation  when  applied  to  the  skin  ;  but 
do  not  irritate  the  mucous  membrane  over  which 
they  pass,  when  administered  internally.  The 
Dolichos  is  a  mechanical  anthelmintic,  and  is 
useful  in  cases  of  ascarides  lumbricoides,  and 
oxyures  vermiculares.  Dose,  gr.  v  to  s,  of  the 
pubes,  in  molasses. 

3fiicti'na  pi-uri'ta,  a  distinct  species,  but  pos- 
sessing similar  properties,  grows  in  the  East 
Indies. 

DOLOIRE  (F.),  As'cia,  Dola'hra,  'a  carpen- 
ter's axe.'  A  Bandage  en  doloire  is  one  in  which 
the  turns  are  so  placed,  that  each  one  covers  two- 
thirds  of  that  which  is  immediately  beneath  it. 
It  has  received  the  name  Doloire  from  its  repre- 
senting the  obliquity  of  the  edge  of  the  instrument 
whose  name  it  bears.     See  Bandage. 

DOLOR,  Pain — d.  Ani,  Proctalgia — d.  Capitis, 
Cephalalgia — d.  Cephalicus,  Cephalalgia — d.  Co- 
licus.  Colic — d.  Crucians  faciei.  Neuralgia,  facial 
— d.  Dentium,  Odontalgia — d.  Dentium  a  stridore, 
Hsemodia — d.  Faciei,  Neuralgia,  facial — d.  Ischi- 
adicus  nervosus.  Neuralgia  femoro-poplitsea — d. 
Lenis,  Hypodynia — d.  Mitis,  Hypodynia — d.  Ne- 
phreticus,  Nephralgia — d.  Pectoris  externus,  Pleu- 
rodj'nia — d.  Pudendorum,  Pudendagra — d.  Rheu- 
maticus  et  arthriticus.  Rheumatism. 

DOLORES  AD  PARTUM,  Pains,  labour— d. 
Intestinorum,  Colic  —  d.  Parturientis,  Pains,  L't- 
bour — d.  Post  partum.  Pains,  after — d.  Puerpera- 
rum,  Pains,  after — d.  Rodentes,  Pains,  gnawing. 
DOMBEY'A  EXCEL'SA,  Araitca'ria  Dom- 
hey'i.  A  tree,  which  inhabits  Chili,  and  furnishes 
Dowheya  turpientine ;  a  glutinous,  milky-looking 
fluid  of  a  strong  odour  and  taste. 

DOMES'TIC,  Domes'ticus,  from  domvs,  'a 
house.'  The  term  Domestic  or  Pop'nlar  Med'i- 
cine,  has  been  given  to  treatises  written  for  the 
purpose  of  enabling  those  who  are  not  of  the  pro- 
fession to  treat  diseases,  which  may  occur  in  their 
families,  without  the  necessity  of  calling  in  a 
physician.  The  term,  likewise,  signifies — Medi- 
cine, when  thus  practised.  It  is  probable,  that 
such  works  have  been  attended  with  mischievous 
as  well  as  advantageous  results. 

DOMINA'RUM  AQUA.  A  medicine  described 
by  Myrepsus,  which  he  considered  emmenagogue. 
DOMPTE-VENIN,  Asclepias  vincetoxieum. 
DOMUS  LEPROSARIA,  Ladrerie. 
DONDO.  Albino. 
DONESIS.  Agitation. 
DORADILLA,  Asplenium  ceterach. 
DORCADIZON,  Caprizans. 
DOREA,  Hemeralops. 

DOREMA  AMMONIACUM,  see  Ammoniac, 
Gum. 
DORMITATIO,  Somnolency. 
DORMITIO,  Sleep — d.  Lucumoriana,  see  Lu- 
cumorianus. 

DORONIC,   Doronicum  pardalianches  —  <L 
d'Allemaqne,  Arnica  raontana. 
DORONICUM  ARNICA,  Arnica  montana— it 


DORSAD 


302 


DOUCHE 


Cordatum,  D.  Pardalianches  —  d.  Germanicum, 
Arnica  montana — d.  Officinale,  D.  Pardalianches 
— d.  Oppositifolium,  Arnica  montana. 

DoRON'icmf  Pardalian'ches,  D.  Jioma'mnn 
seu  Corda'tuni  seu  Officinale,  Roman  Leop' ard' h 
Bane,  (F.)  Doronic,  Mart  axix  Pantli^res.  The 
root  of  this  plant  resembles  Arnica  Montana  in 
its  properties. 

DORONICUM  ROMANUM,  D.  Pardalianches. 

DORSAD,  see  Dorsal  Aspect. 

DORSAL,  Dorsa'lis,  from  dorsum,  'the  back.' 
Notics'us,  Natal,  Tergal.  Relating  to  the  back 
of  the  body,  or  of  one  of  its  parts ;  as  the  Dorsal 
vertebrcB,  nerves,  <fcc. ;  Dorsal  artery  of  the  tongue, 
penis,  &c. ;  Dorsal  region  of  the  foot,  hand,  &c. ; 
Dorsal  Consumption,  &o. 

Dorsal  Aspect.  An  aspect  towards  the  dor- 
Kum  or  backbone. — Barclay.  Dorsad  is  used  by 
the  same  writer  adverbially,  to  signify  '  towards 
the  dorsal  aspect.' 

DORSAL,  LONG,  Longissimus  dorsi. 

DORSALIS,  Dorsal. 

Dorsa'lis  Penis,  (Nervus.)  The  branch  of 
the  internal  pudic  nerve,  which  is  distributed  to 
the  upper  part  of  the  male  organ;  and  to  the 
clitoris  of  the  female. 

DORSO-COSTAL,  Serratus  posticus  superior 
— d.  Lombo-costal,  Serratus  posticus  inferior — d. 
Lonibo-sacro-humeral,  Latissimus  dorsi — d.  Sus- 
acrornien.  Trapezius  —  d,  Trachelon  -  occipital, 
Complesus. 

DORSTENIA  BRASILIENSIS,  Caa-apia. 

DoRSTENiA  Contrayer'ta,  Called  after  Dr. 
Dorsten  ;  Contrayer'va,  Dralce'na,  Cype'rus  lon- 
gtis,  o'dorus  seu  Perua'nus,  Bezoar'dica  Radix, 
Dorste'  -ia  Housto'nii,  Lisbon  Contrayer'va,  (F.) 
Racine  de  Charcis,  R.  de  Dracke,  Racine  des 
Philippines.  Family,  Urtice^.  Sex.  Syst.  Te- 
trandria  Monogynia.  A  plant  of  South  America, 
whose  root,  Contrayer'va  (Ph.  U.  S.),  is  aromatic, 
bitter,  and  astringent.  It  has  been  given  as  a 
tonic,  stimulant  and  sudorific.  Dose,  gr.  xij 
to  ^ss. 

Dorstenia  Cordipolia,  D.  Brasiliensis  —  d. 
Plaeentoides,  D.  Brasiliensis — d.  Vitella,  D.  Bra- 
siliensis. 

DORSUM,  Notos,  Noton.  The  back.  Metaph'- 
renon,  Tergmn,  (F.)  Dos.  The  posterior  part  of 
the  trunk,  extending  from  the  inferior  and  poste- 
rior region  of  the  neck  as  far  as  the  loins.  The 
hack  of  the  foot,  Dorsum  pedis,  is  the  upper  part 
of  that  organ,  opposite  the  sole :  the  back  of  the 
hand.  Dorsum  manus,  the  part  opposed  to  the 
palm.  In  the  same  sense,  we  say  Dorsum  penis, 
Dorsum  nasi,  for  the  upper  part  of  those  organs. 

DoRSUii,  Vertebral  column  —  d.  Mands,  Opis- 
thenar. 

DORYCIMUM,  Costus  creticus. 

DOS,  Dorsum. 

DOSE,  Dosis,  Prm'bium.  The  quantity  of  any 
substance,  which  ought  to  form  part  of  a  com- 
pound medicine,  or  ought  to  be  exhibited  singly, 
to  produce  a  desired  effect.  Many  circumstances 
influence  the  doses  of  medicine.  Women  require 
Bmaller  doses,  as  a  general  principle,  than  men. 
Habit  has  a  great  effect,  as  well  as  climate,  age,  and 
idiosyncrasy :  all  these,  and  other  circumstances, 
must  be  taken  into  account;  and  every  general 
rule  on  the  subject  will  be  found  to  have  numer- 
ous exceptions.  Some  of  the  mechanical  physi- 
(uans  laid  it  down  as  a  rule,  that  the  doses  of 
luedicines  must  always  be  as  the  square  of  the 
L'/nstitution  ! — A  matter  not  easy  of  calculation. 

The  following  Tables  will  exhibit  an  approxi- 
mation to  the  proper  doses  (according  to  age)  of 
most  substances 


Table  of  Doses  according  to  Age. 


Age  24 
18 
J4 
7 
4 
3 
2 
1 


Let  the  full  dose  be 
will  require 


] 

2-3dg. 

half. 

]-3d. 

l-4th. 

Ititb. 

]-8th. 

l-12th. 


1  drachm. 

2  scruples. 
5  drachiU. 
1  scruple. 

]5  grniiis. 
10  grains. 

8  grains. 

5  grains. 


The  table  of  doses,  according  to  age,  recommen- 
ded by  Dr.  Thomas  Young,  differs  in  some  respects 
from  the  above.  Either  affords  a  sufficient  gene- 
ral approximation.     His  rule  is,  that 

For  children,  under  twelve  years  of  age,  the 
doses  of  most  medicines  must  be  diminished  in 
the  proportion  of  the  age  to  the  age  increased  by 
twelve : 

2 

Thus,  at  two  years,  to  l-7th ;  i.  e.,  l-7th  = 

•^  '        '  2+12 

At  twenty-one  the  full  dose  ia  given. 

Doses,  Broken.  When  an  agent  is  given  in 
small  portions  it  is  said  to  be  in  broken  dosca, — 
refractis  dosibus. 

DOSIOLOGIA,  Posology. 

DOSIS,  Dose. 

DOSSIL,  Bourdonnet. 

DOTAGE,  Dementia.  -J 

DOTHIEN,  Furunculus.  1 

DOTHIBNENTERIA,  Dothinenteritis. 

DOTHIENENTERIE,  Dothinenteritis. 

DOTHINENTERIA,  Dothinenteritis. 

DOTHIENTERI'TIS,  properly Z»o?/tmif?)feW'. 
tis,  Dothienenter'ia,  Dothinenter'ia,  Enteri'tis  piis- 
tulo'sa,  Enterodothie'nia,  Helcenteri'tis,  Foliiv'- 
ular  Gastroenteri'tis,  from  SoSirjv,  'a  pustule,' 
and  cvTcpov,  'intestine.'  (F.)  Dothinenterife,  Do- 
thinente.rie,Dothienenterie,Dothienenterite.  An  in- 
flammation and  ulceration  of  the  glands  or  folli- 
cles of  Peyer  and  Brunner,  which  Bretonneau 
considers  to  be  the  essence  of  a  large  class  uf 
fevers,  particularly  of  those  of  the  typhoid  cha- 
racter.    See  Typhus. 

DOTHION,  Furunculus. 

DOTTRINA  MEDICA  ITALIANA,  Contro- 
stimulus,  (doctrine  of.) 

DOUBLE-CONSCIOUSNESS,  see  Conscious- 
ness, double. 

DOUBLE-HEARING,  Dipleco'ia,  Dittcco'ia, 
Paracti'sis  duplica'ta,  P.  Imperfec'ta.  The  ac- 
tion of  the  one  ear  unaccordant  with  that  of 
the  other:  sounds  heard  doubly,  and  in  different 
tones  or  keys. 

DOUBLE-MONSTERS,  see  Duplication. 

DOUCE  AMERE,  Solanum  dulcamara. 

DOUCHE,  (F.)  In  Italian,  doccia  ;  modern 
Latin,  ducia ;  Cataclys'mvs,  Douse.  This  term 
is  applied  to  a  column  of  fluid,  of  a  determi- 
nate nature  and  temperature,  let  fall  upon 
the  body.  Pumping  is  a  variety  of  the  Douche. 
In  using  this  kind  of  bath,  the  fluid  is  directed 
upon  the  part  on  which  we  are  desirous  of  acting. 
The  douches  desccndantes  are  those  in  which  tli€ 
fluid  falls  from  a  height,  —  the  douches  ascendau- 
tes,  those  administered  in  diseases  of  the  uterus, 
— the  dotiches  horizonfales,  where  the  fluid  is  im- 
pelled horizontally,  &o.  They  may  be  cold  or 
warm,  according  to  circumstances.  The  ajipa- 
ratus  consists  of  a  reservoir  of  water  haviiig  a 
pipe  or  plug,  by  means  of  which  the  water  can  bo 
directed  as  the  practitioner  may  desire.  The 
Douche  communicates  a  considerable  and  peculiar 
shock  to  the  nervous  system;  and  is  one  of  the 
most  successful  means  for   taming   the   furioua 


BOULEUR 


803 


DRIBURG 


maniac.  It  is,  also,  useful  in  chronic  rheumatism, 
6ti£f  joints,  &a. 

Douch''s  of  air  are,  also,  occasionally  used,  as 
in  cases  of  obstruction  of  the  Eustachian  tube  by 
mucus.  They  are  sent  from  an  air-press — of 
■which  Deleau  and  Kramer  have  invented  one 
each — through  a  catheter  introduced  through  the 
nose  into  the  tube. 

I)OULEUR,  Pain— (7.  de  Cote,  Pleurodyniar— 
d.  des Dents,  Odontalgia — d.  de  I'Estomac,  Cardial- 
gia — d.  Nevralcfique  de  I'Estomac,  Cardialgia — d. 
Pulsntire,  see  Throbbing. 

BOULEUBS,  Pains, labour — d.  Conquassantes, 
see  Conquassant. 

DOUSE,  Bouche. 

BOUVE,  Distoma  hepaticum — d.  rfu  Foie, 
Distoma  hepaticum — d.  Petite,  Ranunculus  flam- 
mula. 

DRACHION,  Pugillus. 

DRACHM,  Brachma,  Bram,  (P.)  Gros.  The 
ancient  name  of  a  piece  of  money,  Tveighing  the 
eighth  part  of  an  ounce.  At  the  present  day  it 
is  used  for  this  weight. 

DRACO  MITIGATUS,  Hydrargyri  submurias 
— d.  Sylvestris,  Achillea  ptarmica. 

DRACOCEPH'ALUM  CANARIEN'SE, 
B.  Ifoldav'ienm,  ilelis'sa  Tur'cica,  Cedronel'la 
triphyl'la,  Melis'aa  Oanariensis,  Alpi'iii  Bal'sa- 
muin,  Turkey  Balsam,  Cana'ry  Balsam,  Balm  of 
Gil'ead  Tree,  (F.)  Melisse  de  Moldavie.  A  Turkish 
and  Siberian  plant,  which  has  an  aromatic  taste, 
Joined  with  an  agreeable  flavour.  It  has  been 
used  as  a  tonic. 

DRACONTHyEMA,  see  Calamus  rotang. 

DRACONTIUM,  Dracunculus.  See,  also,  Dra- 
eontium  foetidum. 

Draco^t'tium  PfE'TlDUM,  Bracon'ti'tim,  Icto'des 
foe'tidus,  Symplocar'pus  fae'tida,  Pothos  foe'tida, 
Arum  America'mim  befcB  fo'lio,  Pothos  Puto'rii, 
Spathye' ma  foe'tida,  Skunk-cabbage,  Skunk-weed, 
Poleeat-coUard,  Goio-collurd,  Collard,  Itch-weed, 
Stink-poke,  Sioamp-eabbatje,  Pole' cat-weed,  HeV - 
lebore,  El'lehore,  Irish  cabbage.  Nat.  Ord.  Aroi- 
dese.  Sex.  Syst.  Tetrandria  Monogynia.  This 
indigenous  jjlant,  as  some  of  its  names  import,  is 
extremely  fetid.  The  property  on  which  its  me- 
dical virtues  are  dependent,  resides  in  a  volatile 
principle,  which  is  impaired  by  long  keeping, 
especially  in  powder.  Dose,  of  the  dried  root, 
Bracontium,  (Ph.  U.  S.,)  ten  to  twenty  grains.  It 
resembles  asafoetida  and  other  fetid  gums  in  its 
properties ;  in  other  words,  belongs  to  the  class 
of  reputed  antispasmodics. 

Dracontium  Angustis'patha,  Symplocnr'puB 
Anqustis'patha,  Narroio-spathed  Skunk-cabbage, 
is  possessed  of  similar  properties. 

DRACUN'CULUS,  Bracon'tinm,  Vena  Medi'- 
na  Ar'abum,  Vena  seu  Gor'dius  Medinen'sis,  Ver- 
mic'ulus  Gapilla' ris,  Bracun' cuius  Gordius,  Fila'- 
ria  Iledinen'sis  seu  Guineen'ms,  Malis  Bracun' - 
eulus,  Malis  Gor'dii,  Helminthon'cns  Medinensia, 
Jfuscular  Hairworm-,  Bichioe,  Bicho,  Guinea 
Worm  or  Threadworm,  (F.)  Bragonnean,  Ver  de 
Guinie,  Ver  Filaire,  V.  de  Medine,  V.  cutane, 
Veine  de  Ifedine.  A  genus  of  worms,  frequently 
met  with  in  Indian  and  African  climes.  They 
are  characterized  by  a  filiform  body,  and  are 
smooth  and  nearly  of  equal  thickness  throughout. 
The  Guinea  worm,  when  small,  insinuates  itself 
through  the  cutaneous  pores,  and  penetrates  into 
the  areolar  membrane  and  between  the  muscles; 
especially  between  those  of  the  lower  limbs,  where 
it  occasions  a  tumour  like  a  boil,  which  subse- 
quently suppurates,  and  the  head  of  the  worm 
appears  and  emerges  gradually.  The  head  must 
then  be  seized,  and  the  worm  be  cautiously  rolled 
round  a  small  cylinder  of  linen  or  other  sub- 
stance.    Care  must  be  taken  not  to  break  it,  as 


great  pain  and  obstinate  suppuration  might  be 
the  consequence. 

Considerable  obscurity  rests  on  this  subject. 
Some  even  deny  that  the  cases  of  Dracunculus, 
on  record,  are  really  those  of  worms. 

Dracunculus  Polyphyllus,  Arum  dracuncu- 
lus— d.  Pratensis,  Achillea  ptarmica. 

BRAGEES,  (F.)  Almonds  or  dried  preserves, 
covered  with  white  sugar;  Sugar -2:)lums. 

BRAGEES  BE  KEYSER.  A  pharmaceuti- 
cal preparation,  formerly  much  celebrated  in 
syphilis.  It  was  composed  of  acetate  of  mercury, 
manna,  starch,  mucilage  and  gum  tragaoanth. 

DRAGMA,  Pugillus. 

DRAGMIS,  Pugillus. 

BRAGON  (F.),  Bragon.     Some  authors  have 
given  this  name  to  opake  spots  on  the  cornea,, 
and  to  cataract. 

Dragon  Claw,  Scaly,  Pterospora  andromedca 
—  d.  Root,  Arum  triphyllum,  Pterospora  andro- 
medca— d.  Turnip,  Arum  triphyllum. 

DRAGON'S  BLOOD,  see  Calamus  rotang. 

BRAGONNEAU,  Dracunculus. 

DRAINING,  Besicca'tio,  (F.)  Bessechcmcnt, 
The  act  of  drawing  off  the  water  from  marshes, 
for  the  purpose  of  destroying  the  unhealthy  ema- 
nations which  proceed  from  them.  It  is  a  well 
known  fact,  that  from  marshes  arise  certain  ema- 
nations or  miasmata,  with  the  nature  of  which 
we  are,  however,  totally  unacquainted,  but  which 
are  the  fertile  source  of  intcrmittents  and  other 
diseases.  Draining  the  soil  and  converting  it 
into  arable  land  changes  its  character,  and  the 
malaria  ceases  to  be  given  off.  It  has  happenexi, 
however,  that  although  in  some  such  situations 
intcrmittents  have  been  got  rid  of,  consumptions 
have  tAken  their  place. 

DRAITSCH  WATER,  Godesberg,  mineral 
waters  of. 

DRAKENA,  Dorstenia  contrayerva. 

BRAPEA  U,  (P.)  Vexil'lum,  from  drap, '  cloth.' 
A  bandage,  used  in  wounds,  Ac,  of  the  nose,  to 
keep  the  dressings  in  situ.  It  is  composed  of  a 
small  triangular  compress,  having  two  openings 
at  its  inferior  part,  corresponding  to  those  of  the 
nostrils.  It  is  fixed  by  means  of  a  bandage, 
passing  from  its  superior  angle  over  the  head, 
and  another  passing  round  the  head,  under  the 
orbits,  so  as  to  join  the  first  at  the  nape  of  the 
neck.     Also,  Pterygion. 

BRAP  FANON,  see  Fanon. 

DRASTIC,  Bras'ticns,  Cenot'ic,  from  Spaia,  '1 
operate  strongly.'  Active.  An  epithet  given  to 
purgatives,  which  operate  powerfully;  as  elate- 
rium,  oil  of  croton,  &0. 

DRAUGHT,  Haustvs.  A  term  also  applied 
by  nurses  to  the  sudden  rush  of  blood  to  the 
mammas,  occasioned  in  the  mother  by  the  sight, 
or  even  thought,  of  her  infant,  and  which  occa- 
sions a  greatly  increased  secretion  of  milk. 

Draught,  Black,  see  Infusum  sennae  compo- 
situm. 

DRAX,  Pugillus. 

DREAM,  Somnium — d."Waking,Hallucination. 

BRECHE,  Malt. 

DREGS,  Feculence. 

DREPANOIDES,  Falciform. 

DRESS,  Vestitus. 

DRESSER,  from  (F.)  dresser,  'to  put  right.' 
An  hospital  assistant,  whose  oflice  it  is  to  dress 
wounds,  ulcers,  &c.  He  corresponds  in  fuucti'jn 
to  the  Eleve  externe  of  the  French  hospitals. 

DRESSING,  Cura,  Cura'tio,  (F.)  Patisement. 
The  methodical  application  of  any  remedy  or  ap- 
paratus to  a  diseased  part.  Also,  the  remedy  Oi 
apparatus  itself. 

DRIBURG,  MINERAL  "WATERS  OF.     Al 


DRIJIYPHAGIA 


304 


DUALITY 


the  small  town  of  Driburg,  near  Pyrmont,  in 
Germany,  there  are  nine  springs,  which  are  rich 
in  saline  ingredients,  iron,  and  carbonic  acid  gas. 
Their  action  on  the  economy  is  like  that  of  Pyr- 
mont water.  They  contain  chloride  of  sodium, 
Eulphate  of  magnesia,  sulphate  of  lime,  carbonate 
of  lime,  carbonate  of  magnesia,  carbonate  of  iron, 
chloride  of  calcium,  and  chloride  of  magnesium. 
DRIMYPHA'GIA,  from  ipt/ius,  'acrid,'  'aro- 
matic,' and  (payoi,  '  I  eat.'  An  aromatic  and  ex- 
citing diet. 
DRTMYS  WIXTERT,  TTintera  aromatica. 
DRINK,  from  Sax.  bjiencnn, Poma,Po'tio,Potns, 
Tiec'erar/e,  (F.)  Boieson.  Every  liquid  introduced 
into  the  alimentary  canal  for  the  purpose  of  re- 
pairing the  loss  of  the  fluid  parts  of  the  body. 
The  necessity  for  its  use  is  indicated  by  the  sen- 
sation of  thirst.  Fluid,  taken  during  a  meal,  aids 
in  the  digestion  of  the  food.  Some  drinks  are 
t'xciting  and  tonic,  as  the  different  varieties  of 
beer,  wine,  and  spirits,  which  we  use  at  table. 
In  a  therapeutical  point  of  view,  drinks  are  used 
to  appease  the  thirst  which  prevails  in  febrile 
affections,  or  to  act  as  diluents  in  those  and  other 
cases. 

The  ordinary  drinks,  according  to  their  chemi- 
cal composition,  are  —  1.  Water,  spring  water, 
river  water,  well  water,  <&c. — 2.  Juices  and  iiifu- 
iiuns  of  Animal  and  Vegetable  sitbstances,  lemon 
juice,  currant  juice,  whey,  tea,  coffee,  mattee,  &c. 
—  o.  Fermented  Liquors,  wines,  ale,  beer,  cider, 
peiTy.  —  4.  Sjiirituous  Liquors,  brand}',  alcohol, 
ether,  kirschwasser,  rum,  arack,  gin,  whiskey, 
ratafias,  cordials,  &c. 

DRIVELLING,  Slavering. 
DROGUE,  Drug. 

DROGUIER,  (F.)  Same  etymon  as  drug. 
A  collection  of  different  simple  medicinal  sub- 
stances. 

BROGUISTE,  Druggist. 
DROIT  DE  U ABDOMEN,  Rectus  abdominis 
. —  d.  Anterievr  de  la  cuissc,  Rectus  femoris  —  d. 
Anterieur  de  la  tefe,  Rectus  capitis  internus  minor 
d.  Anterieur  de  la  fete,  grand,  Rectus  capitis  in- 
ternus major — ■d.Externe  de  I'oiil,  Rectus  exter- 
nus  oculi  —  d.  Inferieur  del' ceil.  Rectus  inferior 
oouli — d.  Interne  de  la  cuisse.  Gracilis — d.  Interne 
de  Vcfil,  Rectus  internus  oculi — d.  Lateral  de  la 
tete,  Rectus  capitis  lateralis  —  d.  Posterieur  de  la 
tete,  grand.  Rectus  capitis  posticus  major — ■  d. 
Posterieur  de  la  tete,  petit,  Rectus  capitis  posticus 
minor — d.  Superieur,  Rectus  superior  oculj. 
DROP,  Gutta. 

Drop,  Ague,  tasteless.  Liquor  arsenicalis — 
d.  Black,  Guttas  nigras — d.  Red,  Ward's,  see  Vinum 
antimonii  tartarizati — d.  Serene,  Amaurosis. 
DROPACISMUS,  Depilation. 
DROPAX,  Depilatory. 
DROPPED  HANDS,  see  Hands,  dropped. 
DROPS,  ABBE  ROUSSEAU'S,  Laudanum 
Abbatis  Rousseau — d.  Anodyne,  Liquor  morphi- 
ivx  acetatis — d.  Antiscorbutic,  Marsden's,  see  In- 
fusum  gentianje  compositum  —  d.  Anti-venereal, 
«ee  Tinctura  ferri  muriatis  — d.  Chamomile,  see 
Authemis  nobilis  —  d.  Dutch,  Balsam  of  sulphur, 
Balsam  of  lurpentine — d.  Fit,  Spiritus  ammonia; 
t'etidus,  see  Fuligo  —  d.  Golden,  de  la  Motte's, 
Tinctura  sen  alcohol  sulfurico-a;thereus  ferri — d. 
(Jreen's,  see  Liquor  IIydrarg3'ri  oxymuriatis — d. 
.Irfsuit's,  Tinctura  benzoini  composita — d.  Laven- 
•<er,  Spiritus  LavanduliB  compositus  — d.  Nitre, 
cipiritus  setheris  nitrici — d.  Norris's,  see  Antimo- 
(lium  tartarizatum — d.  Norton's,  Liquor  Hydrar- 
gyri  Oxymuriatis  —  d.  Pectoral,  Pectoral  drops, 
Batercan's  —  d.  Peppermint,  Pastilli  de  mentha 
(liperita,  —  d.  Soot,  see  Fuligo — d.  AVade's,  Tinc- 
tura benzoini  composita — d.  White,  Ward's,  see 
llydrargyri  nitras. 


Drops,  Warburg's.  A  secret  preparation  nsed 
in  Demarara  under  the  name  of  Warhurc/'a  Fever 
Drops.     See  Bebeeru. 

DROPSICAL,  Hydropicus. 

DROPSY,  Hydrops— d.  of  the  Belly,  A.=eites— 
d.  of  the  Brain,  Hydrocephalus — d.  of  the  Ce'lu- 
lar  Membrane,  Anasarca — d.  of  the  Chest,  Hy- 
drothorax — d.  of  the  Eye,  Hydrophthalmia. 

Dropsy,  Fibrinous.  Dropsy  in  which  the 
effused  fluid  contains  fibrin. 

Dropsy,  General,  Anasarca — d.  of  the  Head, 
Hydrocephalus — d.  of  the  Lachrymal  Sac,  Fistuhi 
lachrymalis.  Lachrymal  hernia  —  d.  of  the  Peri- 
cardium, Hydropericardium  —  d.  of  the  Perito- 
neum, Ascites  —  d.  of  the  Pleura;,  Ilydrothorax 
—  d.  Water  of.  Serum  of  Serous  membranes  —  d. 
Wind,  Emphysema  —  d.  of  the  Womb,  Hydro- 
metra. 

DROPWORT,  Spirffia  filipendula  — d.  Hem- 
lock, CEnanthe — d.  Water,  Hemlock,  CEnanthe — 
d.  Western,  Gillenia  trifoliata. 

DROS'ERA  ROTUNDIFO'LIA.  The  sys- 
tematic name  of  the  Sundew,  Eos  solia,  Drosio- 
bot'anon,  Dro'sium,  Rorel'la,  (F.)  Rossolis.  This 
plant  has  a  bitter,  acrid,  and  caustic  taste.  It 
has  been  used  as  a  rubefacient,  and  to  destroy 
warts  and  corns.  It  has,  also,  been  regarded  as 
a  pectoral. 

DROSIOBOTANON,  Drosera  rotundifolia. 

DROSIUM,  Drosera  rotundifolia. 

DROSOMELI,  Fraxinus  ornus. 

DRUG,  Medicamen'tum,  (F.)  Drogue.  A  name 
ordinarily  applied  to  simple  medicines,  but,  by 
extension,  to  every  substance  employed  in  the 
cure  of  disease.  Menage  derives  it  from  drogo, 
and  this  from  the  Persian  droa,  'odour;'  because 
many  drugs  have  a  strong  odour.  It  is,  doubt- 
less, from  the  Teutonic  trocken,  Sax.  bpigan,  'to 
dry.' 

Drug.  To  prescribe  or  administer  drugs. 
Most  commonly,  perhaps,  to  dose  to  excess  with 
drugs. 

Drug  Disease.  A  morbid  condition,  which 
is  —  or  is  presumed  to  be  —  caused  or  kept  up  by 
the  administration  of  drugs. 

Drug-grindkr,  see  Pulverization  —  d.  Mill, 
see  Pulverization. 

DRUGGIST,  Drvgger,  Drugster.  Same  ety- 
mon. Pharmacop>o'la,  Materialis'ta,  iSeplasia'- 
rius,  Phurmacojxa'us,  (F.)  Droguiste.  One  who 
sells  drugs. 

DRUM  OF  THE  EAR,  Tympanum. 

DRUM-SIEVE,  see  Cribration. 

DRUNKENNESS,  Temulentia. 

DRYING,  Desicca'tion,  Sicca'tio,  J^eran'sis, 
Aurin'sis,  Dcsicca'tio,  Exsicea'tio  ;  same  etymon 
as  Drug.  Evaporation  or  removal  of  the  super- 
fluous humidity  in  a  body. 

Drying  of  Plants,  Desicca'tion  of  Plants. 
Th«se  which  are  very  succulent  should  be  dried 
quickly.  They  must  be  spread  upon  lattice  work, 
covered  from  the  light,  and  exposed  to  the  heat 
of  the  sun  or  to  that  of  a  stove,  not  exceeding 
110°  Fahrenheit.  The  drying  of  less  succulent 
plants  can  be  effected  at  a  lower  temperature. 
Floicers  must  be  dried  very  carefully,  excluding 
light.  Seeds  are  dried  in  a  place  where  there 
is  a  free  current  of  air.  Pulpy  fruits  may  be 
exposed  to  a  gentle  heat  in  a  stove,  which  may 
be  graduallj'  elevated.  Roots  may  also  be  dried 
in  the  stove :  the  tuberous  require  to  be  cut  in 
slices. 

DTIIOKE,  Framboesia. 

DUAL'ITY,  Dual'itas,  from  duo,  'two.'  The 
state  or  quality  of  being  two. 

Duality  op  the  Mind,  or  Brain.  As  the 
organ  consists  of  two  hemispheres,  they  have 
been   regarded  by  some  as  separately  and  ais- 


DUCKFOOT 


305 


DWARFISHNESS 


tlnctly  coBcerned  in  the  mental  and  moral  mani- 
festations. 

BUCKFOOT,  see  Kyllosis. 

DUCKSFOOT,  Podophyllum  montanum. 

DUCT,  ALIMENTARY,  Canal,  alimentary. 
Thoracic  duct — d.  of  Bellini,  Uriniferous  tube  — 
d.  Nasal,  Lachrymal  duct — d.  of  Pecquet,  Tho- 
racic deict  —  d.  Vitelline,  see  Yesicu.la  umbilicalis 
— d.  of  Wirsung,  see  Pancreas. 

DUCTIO  PRiEPUTII,  Masturbation. 

DUCTOR  CANALICULATUS,  Gorget  — d. 
Urinee,  Ureter. 

DUCTUS,  Canal,  Meatus— d.  Arteriosus,  Arte- 
rial duct— d.  Auris  palatinus.  Eustachian  tube. 

Ductus  Bartholinia'nus,  Bah'tholin's 
Duct,  (F.)  Canal  de  BARTHOLIN.  The  excretory 
duet  of  the  sublingual  gland. 

Ductus  Belliniani,  Uriniferous  tubes 
—  d.  Biliarii,  Pori  biliarii  — -  d.  Botalli,  Arterial 
duct  —  d.  Choledochus,  Choledoch  duct  —  d. 
Chyliferus,  Thoracic  duct — d.  Cibarius,  Canal, 
alimentary  —  d.  Ferreini,  Ferrein,  canal  of — d. 
Hepaticus,  Hepatic  duct — d.  Incisivus,  Palatine 
duct  (anterior)  —  d.  Intestinalis,  Canal,  alimen- 
tary—  d.  Lacteus,  Thoracic  duct — d.  Lachryma- 
lis.  Lachrymal  duct  —  d.  Laerumalis,  Lachrymal 
duct — d.  Nasalis  orbitas.  Lachrymal  or  nasal  duct 
— d.  Nasalo-palatinus,  Palatine  duct  (anterior) — 
d.  ad  Nasum,  Lachrymal  or  nasal  duct — d.  Nu- 
tritii,  Canals,  nutritive  —  d.  Omphalo  mesenteri- 
eus,  see  Vesicula  umbicalis — d.  Pancreaticus,  see 
Pancreas  — d.  Pecquet!,  Thoracic  duct — d.  Punc- 
torum  lachrymalium,  Lachrymal  ducts — d.  Rivi- 
niani,  see  Sublingual  gland — -d.  Rorifer,  Thoracic 
duct. 

Ductus  Saliva'lis  Infe'rioe,  Ductus  Whar- 
tonia'nus,  (F.)  Canal  de  Warthon.  The  excre- 
tory duct  of  the  submaxillary  gland. 

Ductus  Saliva'lis  Supe'rior,  Ductus  Sfeno- 
n'a'nvs,  Stejto's  Duct,  (F.)  Canal  de  Stenon. 
The  excretory  duct  of  the  parotid  gland  which 
opens  into  the  mouth  opposite  the  second  upper 
molar  tooth. 

Ductus  Semi-Circulares  Laeyrixtri,  Semi- 
circular canals— d.  Serosi,  Lymphatic  vessels — d. 
Spirales  cochleae,  Scalas  of  the  cochlea  —  d.  Ste- 
nonianus,  Ductus  salivalis  superior  —  d.  Thora- 
cicus.  Thoracic  duct — d.  Urinas,  Ureter — -d.  Uri- 
narius,  Urethra — d.  Uriniferi  Bellini,  Uriniferous 
tubes  —  d.  Varicosi  uteri,  Tubfe  Fallopianse  —  d. 
Venosus,  Canal,  venous  —  d.  Vitellarius,  see  Ve- 
sicula umbilicalis — d.  Vitello-intestinalis,  see  Ve- 
sicula umbilicalis  — •  d.  Waltheriani,  see  Sublin- 
gual gland — d.  AYhartonianus,  Ductus  salivalis 
inferior. 

DUELECH,  Duleeh. 

DUEL'LA.  The  ancient  name  of  a  weight, 
which  was  equivalent  to  eight  scruples. 

DUELLUM  VENEREUM,  Coition. 

DUG,  Nipple. 

DULCAMARA,  Solanum  dulcamara— d.  Flex- 
uosa.  Solanum  dulcamara. 

DULCEDO  AMORIS,  Clitoris. 

DULECII,  Dne'lech.  A  term  employed  by 
Paracelsus  and  Van  Helmont  to  designate  a  pre- 
tended tartarized  substance,  which  forms  in  the 
human  body,  and  produces  acute  pain,  accompa- 
nied with  great  danger. 

DULSE,  Rhodomelapalmata — d.  Pepper,  Lau- 
rentia  pinnatifida. 

DUMBNESS.  Mutitas. 

DUNBLANE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
The  springs  of  Dunblane,  in  Scotland,  contain 
sulphate  of  soda,  chlorides  of  sodium  and  cal- 
cium, and  carbonate  of  iron. 

DUNG,  Fimus  —  d.  Cow's,  Fimus  Vaccje — d. 
Goose,  Fimus  anseris  —  d.  Stone-horse,  Fimus 
equinus.  ,    . 

20 


DUNGA,  Dengue. 

DUODENI'TIS,  Dodecadactyli'tis.  A  hybrid 
term,  from  duodenum,  and  itis,  denoting  intlam- 
mation.  Inflammation  of  the  duodenum,  charac- 
terized by  white  tongue,  bitter  taste,  anorexia, 
fulness  and  tenderness  in  the  region  of  the  duo, 
denum,  and  often  yellowness  of  skin,  along  with 
the  ordinary  signs  of  febrile  irritation. 

DUODE'NUM,  Ventnc'ulus  jSuccentnria'fu-s, 
Ec'physis  seu  Appen'dix  sen  Proces' sus  Veittric'- 
uli,  Portona'rium,  Dodecadac'tylon,  (from  SiiiScxa, 
'twelve,'  and  SaKrvXos,  'a,  finger.)  The  duode- 
num is  the  first  part  of  the  intestinal  canal,  com- 
mencing at  the  pyloric  orifice  of  the  stomach,  and 
terminating  in  the  jejunum.  Its  length  is  about 
twelve  fingers'  breadth,  and  as  it  is  only  partially 
covered  by  the  peritoneum,  it  is  susceptible  of 
considerable  dilatation ;  hence  its  name  Ventri- 
culus  succenturiatus.  In  the  duodenum,  chylifi- 
cation  takes  place  after  the  admixture  of  the 
biliarv  and  pancreatic  fluids  with  the  chyme. 

DUO-STERNAL.  Bgclard  thus  names  the 
second  osseous  portion  of  the  sternum,  which 
corresponds  to  the  second  intercostal  space. 

DUPLICA'TION,  {duo,  'two,' and^jZ/care,  'to 
fold.')  Duplica'tio,  Duplic"itas,  Diplasias'mus, 
Diplo'sis.  A  species  of  malformation  or  mon- 
strosity, characterized  by  the  parts  concerned 
being  doubled.     Double  monsters. — Meckel. 

Duplication  of  the  Fcetus,  Evolution,  spon- 
taneous. 

DU'PLICATURE,  DupUcatn'ra,  Reflec'tn.n, 
from  duplex:,  '  double,'  '  twofold.'  The  folding  or 
reflection  of  a  membrane  upon  itself;  as  Dvpiii- 
catui-e  or  reflection  of  tlie  pleura,  periioneum,  <ic. 
DUPON'DIUM,  A  weight  of  four  drachms. 
— Galen. 
DUR,  Hard. 

DURA  MATER,  Crassameninx,  Dura  menivx, 
Sclerome'ninx,  3feninx  exte'rior,  IJeninx  sclera, 
31.  pachei'a  of  Galen,  Dura  membra'na  cer'ehritin 
am'hiens.  Cut icula'ris  membra'na,  M.  dermato'dcs, 
3feninc/e,  (Ch.)  It  has  been  called  dura,  because 
of  its  great  resistance;  and  mater,  because  it  was 
believed  to  give  rise  to  every  membrane  of  the 
body.  (F.)  Dure  mere,  Dure-tai/e  (Pare.)  It  is 
a  fibrous  semitransparent  membrane,  of  a  pearly- 
white  colour,  thick,  and  very  resisting;  lines  the- 
cavity  of  the  cranium,  and  contains  the  spinal 
marrow;  protects  the  brain  and  marrow;  and,, 
by  its  various  expansions  —  the  falx  cerebri,  ten- 
torium, &c., — supports  the  diiferent  parts  of  the 
cerebral  mass.  The  largest  artery  of  the  dura 
mater  is  the  A.  meningm'a  me'dia. 

Dura  Mater,  Lateral  Processes  of  the, 
Tentorium  —  d.  m.  Testis,  Albuginea. 

DURATION  OF  LIFE,  see  Life— d.  of  Preg- 
nancy, see  Pregnancy. 

DURE  31  ERE,  Dura  mater. 
DURE^TAYE,'Dm?ima.ier. 
DUREE  DE  LA  VIE,  see  Longevity. 
DURETE  D' OREILLE,   Baryecoia-    /.   de 
I'Ouie,  Deafness. 
DURILLON,  Callosity. 
DURUS,  Hard. 

DUSTING  BAG.     In   pharmacy,   a  kind  of 
sieve,  which  consists  of  a  bag  made  of  lawn  or 
other  like  material,  hung  inside  of  a  wide-mouthed 
bottle  or  tin  canister,  to  the  mouth  of  which  it  is 
secured.      The  powdered  substance  is   put  into 
the  bag,  and  the  mouth  being  closed  with  a.  cover, 
the  apparatus  is  shaken,  and  the  finer  particle* 
pass  into  the  bottle  or  canister. 
DUTROA,  Datura  stramonium. 
DWARF,  Nanus  —  d.  Flag,  Iris  lacustrii. 
DWARFISH,  see  Nanus. 
DWARFISHNESS,  Nanosomua.  j 


DYCTOIDES 


306 


DYSENTERIC 


WTCTOIDES,  Reticular. 

DYERS'  BROOM,  Genista  tinctoria — d.Weed, 
Genista  tinctoria,  Reseda  luteola. 

DYNAMETER,  Dynamometer. 

DYNAM'IC,  Dynam'iciis,  (F.)  Dynamiqiie  : 
same  etymon.  In  Meclianics,  Dynam'ics  investi- 
gates the  powers  whereby  bodies  are  put  in  mo- 
tion, and  the  laws  connected  therewith.  In  Bi- 
ology, that  which  relates  to  the  vital  forces,  Vital 
Dynamics.  The  influences  of  agents  on  the  or- 
ganism, which  are  ascribable  to  neither  mechn- 
nical  nor  chemical  causes,  are  sometimes  termed 
dynamic. 

Dynamic  Diseases,  see  Organic. 

DYNAMICS,  VITAL,  see  Dynamic 

DYNAMICUS,  Dynamic. 

DYNAMIS,  Faculty,  Force. 

DYNAMOM'ETER,  Myodynamiom'eier,  Iifyo- 
dynamom'eter,  from  Svvafitg,  '  force,'  '  vital  power,' 
and  fisTpov,  '  measure.'  An  instrument,  contrived 
by  M.  Regnier,  for  measuring  the  comparative 
muscular  strength  of  man  and  animals.  It  con- 
sists of  a  spring,  which,  when  pressed  upon, 
causes  a  needle  to  move  upon  a  portion  of  a  circle, 
furnished  with  a  scale  of  kilogrammes  and  one 
of  myriagramines.  To  measure  the  strength  of 
the  bands,  the  two  branches  of  the  spring  are 
firmly  grasped,  and  brought  as  near  together  as 
the  force  can  carry  them.  This  effort  makes  the 
needle  traverse,  and  indicates,  on  the  scale  of 
kilogrammes,  the  strength  of  the  experimenter's 
hands..  A  man,  25  or  30  years  of  age,  exerts  a 
force  commonly  equal  to  60  kilogrammes  or  100 
pounds. 

The  strength  of  the  loins  of  a  man,  about  30 
years  of  age,  as  indicated  by  this  instrument,  is 
usually  about  30  myriagrammes,  or  265  pounds, 
which  shows  the  weight  he  is  capable  of  raising. 

F'Fom  experiments  made  by  Peron,  in  his  voy- 
age, on  12  individuals  of  Van  Diemen's  Land,  17 
of  New  Holland,  66  of  the  Island  of  Timor,  17 
Frenchmen  belonging  to  the  expedition,  and  14 
Englishmen  in  the  colony  of  New  South  Wales, 
he  found  their  comparative  strength,  indicated 
by  the  dynamometer,  to  be  as  follows : 


Natives  of 

STRENGTH 

of  the  arm. 

of  the 

loins. 

Kilog. 

lbs. 

Myri. 

lis. 

1.  Van     Diemen's 

Land. 

2.  New  Holland. 

3.  Timor. 

4.  France. 

5.  England. 

60.6 
60.8 
58.7 
69.2 
71.4 

101.2 
10L6 
117.4 
138.4 
142.4 

10.2 
11.6 
15.2 
15.2 

208.08 
238.64 
310.08 
332.52 

Dynamometer  or  Dynameter,  Medic"inal. 
An  instrument,  invented  by  Di-.  Paris,  for  the 
purpose  of  showing  the  quantity  of  active  matter 
contained  in  a  given  weight  or  measure  of  any 
officinal  compound,  with  the  dose  of  any  prepa- 
ration, which  will  be  equivalent  in  strength  to  a 
given  quantity  of  any  other  of  the  same  class. 
The  instrument  is  more  ingenious  than  useful. 

DYOTA,  Diota. 

DYS,  ^uf,  in  composition,  '  difficult,  faulty  :" 
B.>metimes  privative;  mostly  answering  to  the 
jjarticles  din,  in,  mis,  or  un,  in  English.     Hence  : 

DYS^'MIA,  from  (5u?,  'with  difficulty,'  and 
ntjjii,  'blood.'     A  morbid  condition  of  the  blood. 

DYSiESTHE'SIA,  BysaistJiff'sis,  from  ivs, 
'with  difficulty.'  and  ata^avofint,  'I  feel.'  Ob- 
iioure,  diminished,  or  even  abolished  sensation. 

DySjEsthesia  Auditoria,  Cophosifi  —  d.  Gus- 


tatoria,  Ageustia  —  d.  Interna,  Amnesia — d.  01 
factoria.  Anosmia. 

Dys^sthe'sia  Visua'lis,  Parov'sis.  Sense 
of  sight  vitiated  or  lost. 

DYS^STHESIS,  Dyssesthesia. 

DYSANAGO'GOS,  from  5u?, 'with  difficulty,' 
and  avayu),  'I  bring  up.'  That  which  is  expecto- 
rated with  difficulty.  An  epithet  given,  by  the 
Greek  writers,  to  the  sputa,  when  expectorated 
with  difficulty,  on  account  of  their  viscidity. 

DYSANNARRHOPHE'SIS,7?,7/8o»!a)T7(ojo7,';«; 
from  ivs,  'with  difficulty,'  and  avav^'Oipriats,  'ab- 
sorption.' Diminished  absorption  from  morbid 
causes. 

DYS'APHE,  Bysaph'ia,  from  hvg,  and  wpn, 
'feeling.'     Morbid  feeling. 

DYSAPULO'TUS,  Bysapu'lus,  Dysepulo'ticut, 
Dysvlo'tus,  from  Svs,  and  arovXovc,  'to  heal.' 
Healing  with  difficulty. 

DYSARTIIRITIS,  Gout,  irregular. 

DYSCATABROSIS.  Dvsphagia. 

DYSCATAPOSIS,  Dysphagia. 

DYSCATAPO'TIA,  from  Sv?,  and  Karamvu,  'I 
drink.'  Difficulty  of  swallowing  liquids.  This 
term  is  recommended  By  Dr.  Mead  as  a  substitute 
for  hydrophol)in,  which  means  dread  of  liquids. 
The  dread  seems  to  be  partly  caused  by  the  difB- 
culty  of  deglutition. 

DYSCHE'ZIA  ;  from  Sv?,  and  x<£(v,  'to  go  to 
stool.'     Difficult  and  painful  defecation. 

DYSCHRCE'A,  from  Sv?,  'with  difficulty,' and 
Xpoa  or  )(poia,  'colour.'  Dischro'a.  Sickly  and 
unhealthy  colour  of  the  skin.  Used  synony- 
mously with  the  macnlcB  of  Willan. 

DYSCHROMATOPSIA,  Achromatopsia. 

D YSGHYMOSEN,  Chymoplania. 

DYSCINE'SIA,  from  kxig,  'with  difficulty,'  and 
Kivim,  '  I  move.'  Difficulty  or  utter  incapability 
of  moving. — Galen. 

DYSCOILIA,  Constipation. 

DYSCOPHO'SIS,  from  5u?,  'with  difficulty,' 
and  Ko<poii>,  '  I  am  deaf.'  A  defect  in  the  sense 
of  hearing. — Hippocrates. 

DYSCO'RIA,  Coremetamorjyho'sis,  from  ivi, 
and  Kopt],  'the  pupil.'  Irregularity  of  shape  of 
the  pupil. 

DYSCRA'SIA,  from  Sv^,  and  Kpamg,  'tempera- 
ment.' Intempe'ries,  Distemperan'tia,  Dys'cratry. 
A  bad  habit  of  body. 

Dyscrasia  Scrofclosa,  Scrofula  —  d.  Tuber- 
culosa, see  Tubercle. 

DYSCRASIACUM,  Spansemic. 

DYSCRASIA,  Dysthetica, 

DYSCRASY,  Dyscrasia— d.  Bilious,  Cholosis. 
Icterus. 

DYS'CRITOS,  from  Svg,  'with  difficulty,'  and 
KpnTis,  'judgment.'  That  which  it  is  difficult  1<> 
judge  of. — Ilippocratos. 

DYSDA'CRIA,  Dysdacryo'sis,  from  ^I'f,  and 
iaKpvov,  '  a  tear.'  A  morbid  condition  of  the  tcare. 

DYSDACRYOSIS,  Dysdacria. 

DYSECCRIS'IA,  from  &vg,  and  f»>-p((T(j,  'ex- 
cretion.'    Difficult  or  defective  excretion. 

DYSECfflA,  Baryecoia,  Deafncfs. 

DYSEL'CIA,    Dyscpnlo'lvs,    from    hvg,    '  with 
diffioulty,'  and  '(Xvoc,  'an  ulcer.'     An  ulcer  diffi- 
cult to  Ileal. — Hippocrates,  Foesius. 
DYSEMESIA,  Vomiturition. 

DYSENTKRIA,  Dysentery  — d.  Biliosa.  Cclo- 
cholosis — d.  Hrematera,  Dysentery — d.  Ilcpalioa, 
Ilepatirrhcca — d.  Maligna,  Enterocacc  —  d.  Pii- 
trida,  Enterocacc  —  d.  Scorbutica,  Enterocace  — 
d.  Splenica,  Mcliena  —  d.  Typhodes,  Enterodice. 

DYSENTER'IC,    DysaUer'icus,    Di/sen'(eru», 


DYSENTERIUM 


3or 


DYSPATHIA 


same  etymon  as  Dysentery.  Relating  to  dysen- 
tery. 

DYSENTERIUM,  Dysentery. 

DYSENTERONERVIA,  Colic— d.  Saturnina, 
Colica  metalliea. 

DYS'ENTERY,  Dysenter'ia,  Bi/senter'him, 
Di/senter'ia  hcemate'ra,  Biffictd'tas  ivtestino'rum, 
from  5u?,  and  tvrcoov,  'an  intestine ;'  Dissolu'fus 
morbus,  Diarrkos'a  carnosa,  Coli'tis,  Coloni'tis, 
Colo-recti'tis,  Endocoli'tis,  EsocoU'tis,  Deflux'us 
Dysenter'icus,  Febris  Di/senter'ica,  Flumen  dy- 
eenter'icum,  Fluxws  dysenter'icits,  F.  cruen'tus 
cum  Tenes'mo,  Rheumatis'mns  intestino'rum  cum 
ul'cere,  Tor'mina  Celsi,  Tor'miiia,  Blennenter'ia, 
Morbus  dissolii'tun,  Sedes  cruen'tcs,  Lues  dyseyi- 
ter'ica,  Bloody  Flux;  Flux,  (F.)  Flux  dysente- 
rique.  Flux  d^e  Sang.  Inflammation  of  the  mu- 
cous membrane  of  the  large  intestine;  the  chief 
symptoms  of  which  are : — fever,  more  or  less  in- 
flammatory, with  frequent  mucous  or  bloody 
evacuations;  violent  tormina  and  tenesmus. 
When  the  evacuations  do  not  contain  blood,  it 
has  been  called  Dysenter'ia  alba  or  simple  Dysen- 
tery. The  seat  of  the  disease  is,  generally,  in  the 
colon  and  rectum.  It  occurs,  particularly,  dur- 
ing the  summer  and  autumnal  months,  and  in 
hot  climates  more  than  in  cold  :  frequently,  also, 
in  camps  and  prisons,  in  consequence  of  impure 
air,  and  imperfect  nourishment :  and  is  often 
epidemic.  Sporadic  cases  of  dysentery  are,  gene- 
rally, easily  managed;  but  when  the  disease  oc- 
curs epidemically,  it  often  exhibits  great  malig- 
nancy. Generally,  it  yields  to  mild  laxatives,  as 
castor  oil,  combined  with  diaphoretic  narcotics, 
such  as  the  pulvis  ipecacuaiihm  compositus,  and 
counter-irritants  to  the  abdomen ;  but,  at  times, 
the  inflammation  runs  on  so  speedily  to  ulcera- 
tion, that,  unless  a  new  action  be  rapidly  excited, 
death  will  be  the  consequence.  In  such  cases, 
mercury  must  be  rapidly  introduced  into  the 
system,  and  narcotics  may  be  combined  with  it. 

The  whole  management  in  acute  dysentery 
must,  of  course,  be  strictly  antiphlogistic. 

Dysentery,  Bilious,  Colocholosis. 

I^YSEPULOTICUS,  Dysapulotus. 

DYSEPULOTOS,  Dyselcia. 

DYSGALACTIA,  Dysgalia. 

DYSGA'LIA,  Dysgalac'tia,  from  6u?,  and  yoKa, 
'milk.'  An  unhealthy  condition  or  depravation 
of  the  milk. 

DYSGENNE'SIA,  from  ivs,  and  ytvvnaic;,  'ge- 
neration.' Lesion  of  the  generative  organs  or 
functions. 

DYSGEU'SIA,  Disgeus'tia,  from  Svs,  and 
ytvcis,  '  taste.'  A  morbid  condition  of  the  sense 
of  taste. 

DYSH^MORRHCE'A,  from  Sv?,  'at/ta,  'blood,' 
and  pita,  '  to  flow.'  Difiiculty  in  the  flow  of  blood, 
— according  to  some,  of  the  hem.orrhoidal  flux. 
Also,  symptoms  occasioned  by  its  diminution  or 
eappression.— Sagar. 

DYSH^E'MIA,  from  Svi,  and  'atna,  'blood.' 
A  morbid  condition  of  the  blood. 

DYSHAPiriA,  Dysaph'ia,  from  i^uj,  and  'ak/j?/, 
'  touch.'  A  morbid  condition  of  the  sense  of 
touch. 

DYSHI'DRTA,  Dysi'dria,  from  <5uj,  and  'c^puf, 
'sweat.'     A  morbid  state  of  the  perspiration. 

DYSIA'TOS,  Hvmarog,  from  5vg,  'with  diffi- 
culty,' and  laojjtai,  '  to  heal ;'  Cura'tu  dijfic"ilis. 
Difficult  of  cure. — Hippocrates. 

DYSLALIA,  Balbuties,  Bradylogia. 

DYSLOCHI'A,  Col'ica  lochia'lis,  Hyateral'gia 
lochia' lis, /ram  6uj,  and  Xo;^;iof ;  'relating  to  par- 


turition.' Diminution  or  suppression  of  the  lo- 
chial  discharge. 

DYSMASE'SIS,  Dysmasse'sis,  Bradymasse' sis, 
from  &v;,  'with  difficulty,'  and  na<jn<Ti?,  'mastica- 
tion.'    Difficult  or  impeded  mastication. 

DYSMENIA,  Dysmenorrhoea. 

D  YSMENORRHEE,  Dysmenorrhoea. 

DYSMENORRHGE'A,  Dysme'nia,  Parame'nia 
diffic"ilis,  Menorrha' gia  stiUati" tia,  Men'strun 
difficil'ia,  JI.  Doloro'sn,  Am.enorrhoe' a  dij/ic"{li.i 
seu  partia' lis,  Menses  dolorif'iccB,  Menorrha' gia 
diffic"ilis,  Menstrua'tio  diffic"ilis,  M.  dolurif'- 
ica,  Lubo'rious  or  Difficidt  Menstrua'tio}},  (F. ) 
DysmenorrMe,  Menstruation  difficile,  Regies  dij/i- 
ciles,  Strangurie  menstruelle.  Catamenia  passed 
with  great  local  pain,  especially  in  the  loins  : — 
with  sometimes  a  membranous  discharge.  Dys- 
menorrhoea is  very  difficult  of  removal,  and  pre- 
vents conception.  In  the  married  female,  if  she 
should  be  able  to  pass  one  period  without  pain, 
and  subsequently  become  pregnant,  the  morbid 
action  may»be  broken  in  upon  by  gestation,  and 
a  perfect  cure  be  obtained.  Change  of  air,  soon 
after  marriage,  will  sometimes  give  occasion  to 
this  desirable  result.  The  affection  generally  de- 
pends upon  erethism  of  the  interior  of  the 
uterus,  called  into  action  at  each  catamenial  pe- 
riod. The  violence  of  the  pain  requires  the  libe- 
ral use  of  narcotics. 

DYSMNE'SIA;  from  5«?,  'badly,'  and  nvncn, 
'memory.'     Defective  memory. 

DYSMORPHE,  Deformation. 

DYSMORPHIA,  Deformation. 

DYSMORPHOSIS,  Deformation. 

D  YSNEPIIRONER  VIE,  Nephralgia. 

DYSODES,  Fetid. 

DYSO'DIA,  Dysod'mia,  Dysos'mia,  Fcctor, 
'foetor,'  from  5uf,  'badly,'  and  o^u,  'I  smell.' 
(F.)  Puanteur.  Sauvages  has  given  this  generic 
name  to  all  diseases,  characterized  by  fetid  ema- 
nations, from  whatever  part  proceeding ;  —  from 
the  mouth,  nasal  fossas,  bronchia,  stomach,  axil- 
Ice,  groins,  &c.     Also,  a  stench  or  stink,  Psoa. 

DYSODMIA,  Dysodia. 

DYSODONTPASIS,  Dentit"io  diffi.c"ilis,  from 
5uf,  'with  difficulty,'  and  o&jvTiaais,  'dentition.' 
Difficult  dentition. 

DYSONEI'ROS,  from  6vg,  'with  difficulty,'  and 
ovupog,  'a  dream.'     Insomnia,  with  restlessness. 

DYSO'PIA,  properly  Dysojy'sin,  Dysora'sis, 
signifying  '  shame,'  from  6vs,  '  with  difficulty,'' 
and  oTZTOfiat,  '  I  see.'  Difficulty  of  seeing :  obscu- 
rity of  vision. 

Dysopia  Dissitorum,  Myopia. 

Dysopia  Latera'lis,  Parop'sis  latera'lis, 
Skue-sighf,  Sight  askew.  Vision  only  accurate 
when  the  object  is  placed  obliquely.  This  state 
is  generally  caused  by  some  opacity  of  the  cornejs,. 

Dysopia  Luaiinis,  Nyctalopia  —  d.  Proximo- 
rum,  Presbytia — d.  Tenebrarum,  Hemeralopia. 

DYSOPSIA,  Dysopia. 

DYSORASIS,  Dysopia. 

DYSOREX'IvV,  Inappefcn'tia,  Appeti.'his  de- 
fic"iens,  from  ()i'f,  'with  difficulty,'  and  opr|if, 
'appetite.'     Diminution  of  appetite. 

DYSOS'MIA.  from  5uf,  'with  difficulty,'  and 
onjin,  'smell.'     Diminution  of  smell. 

DYSOSPHRE'SIA,  Dysosphre'sia,  Dysosjihra'- 
sia,  Dysphre'sis,  from  (5«f,  and  oa-i/pf/trir,  'the  sense 
of  smell.'     A  morbid  state  of  the  sense  of  smeil, 

DYSOSTO'SIS;  from  cv<;,  and  o(jTinv,  'a  bou».' 
A  faulty  conformation  or  morbid  ccindition  of 
bone. 

DYSPATHIA,  see  Serious. 


DYSPEPSIA 


308 


DYSTOCIA 


DISPEPSIA,  from  Svs,  'with  difficulty,'  and 
irETTTQ),  'I  concoct.'  Litno'sis  Dtjspep'na,  Ano- 
rex'ia,  Apep'sia,  Brady  pep'  si  a ,  Gastroatax'ia, 
JDif/es'tio  deprava' tn,  D.  diffid'Uls,  D.  IcBsa,  Gas- 
tro-ato'nia,  Concoc'tio  tarda,  Stom'achi  resolu'tio, 
Oru'ditas,  Passio  stornach'ica.  Indigestion,  Diffi- 
culty of  Diqestion.  A  state  of  the  stomach,  in 
which  its  functions  are  disturbed,  -without  the 
presence  of  other  diseases,  or  when,  if  other  dis- 
eases be  present,  they  are  of  but  minor  import- 
ance. The  symptoms  of  dyspepsia  are  veiy  va- 
rious. Those  atfeoting  the  stomach  itself  are  : — 
loss  of  appetite  ;  nausea ;  pain  in  the  epigastrium 
or  hypoehondrinm  ;  heart-buru  ;  sense  of  fulness, 
or  weight  in  the  stomach ;  acrid  or  fetid  eructa- 
tions; pjTOsis,  and  sense  of  fluttering  or  sinking 
»t  the  pit  of  the  stomach.  The  sympathetic  affec- 
tions are  of  the  most  diversified  character.  Dys- 
pepsia, being  generally  of  a  functional  nature,  is 
devoid  of  danger.  When  arising  from  disease  of 
the  stomach  itself,  it  is,  of  coui-se,  more  serious. 

It  is  usually  dependent  on  irregularity  of  living; 
either  in  the  quantity  or  quality  of  thei'ood  taken : 
and  the  most  successful  treatment  is,  to  put  the 
patient  on  a  diet  easy  of  digestion  ;  to  combat  the 
causes,  where  such  are  apparent;  and,  by  proper 
remedies  and  regimen,  to  strengthen  the  system 
in  every  practicable  manner.  A  great  error  exists 
in  regarding  it  as  always  a  disease  of  debility. 
It  is  often  connected  with  an  inflammatory  or 
.subinflammatory  condition  of  the  mucous  lining 
of  the  stomach,  and  of  course  a  very  difi'erent 
plan  of  treatment  is  required  in  the  two  cases. 
Dyspepsia  is  often  attended  with  too  great  a  se- 
cretion of  the  gastric  acids ;  but,  on  other  occa^ 
sions,  they  would  appear  to  be  too  small  in  quan- 
tity, so  as  to  constitute  alkaline  indigestion  or 
neutral  indigestion. 

Dyspepsia  Chlorosis,  Chlorosis  —  d.  Hypo- 
chondriasis, Hypochondriasis  —  d.  Pyrosis,  Py- 
rosis. 

DTSPEPSIODYNIA,  Cardialgia. 
DTSPEPSODYNIA,  Cardialgia. 
DYSPEP'TIC,    Dyspep'ticus,     Dyspep'ttw, 
Apep'tie,  Apep'ticus ;  same  etymon.     Having  re- 
lation to  dyspepsia,  as  'dyspeptic  bread.'     One 
■who  suiFers  from  dyspepsia. 
DYSPEPTICUS,  Dyspeptic. 
DYSPEPTODYNIA,  Cardialgia. 
DYSPEPTUS,  Dyspeptic. 
DYSPEPiMA'SIA,  Dyspermafis'imis,  from  Svg, 
'with  difficulty,'  and  a-^cpua,  'sperm.'     Difficulty 
— sometimes  incapacity — of  voiding  the  sperm. 
DYSPERMATISMUS,  Bradyspei-matismus. 
DYSPHA'GIA,  Dyseatahro'sis,  ByRcatapj'osis, 
IJeghitit"lo    diffic"ilis,    D.   la'sa,    D.   impedi'ta, 
from  cuf,   'with    difficulty,'  and   (jtayu),    'I   eat.' 
Difficulty  of   deglutition.     Dysphagia  is    almost 
id  ways  symptomatic,  either  of  inflammation  or 
of  other  disease  of  the  organs  of  deglutition,  or 
of  incomplete  obstruction  of  the  oesophagus,  by 
some  obstacle  within  it,  or  by  a  neighbouring  tu- 
mour.    At  times,  it  is  produced  by  spasm  or  pa- 
ralysis  of  the  oesophagus.     The  prognosis  and 
treatment  vary  according  to  the  cause. 
Dtsphaoia  Atoxica,  Pharyngoplegia. 
DyspHA'ciA    Constric'tA,  B.   Pharyngen,   D. 
(Eso2>!>."'j<'n,    D.   Callo'sa,   Strirtu'ra    Pharyn'gis 
tieu   OJ^oph,'agi  t^era,  S.  (E.   Callo'sn,  Stenoeho'- 
rin   CEsojjti' agi,  (Esophagiitrc'tia,  Lainosteno'sis. 
iStrictui-e  of  the  pharynx  and  oesophagus  is  an 
aSection  which  may  be  the  result  of  pharyngitis  or 
•Rsophagitis :  but  more  frequently  of  malignant 
disease  in  the  parietcs  of  the  tube.     The   only 
remedy  is  the  bougie. 

Dyspha'gia  I.vKLAirMATORiA,    CEsophagitis  — 
d  Pharyngea.  D.  Coustricta  —  d.  CEsophagea,  D. 


Constricta — d.  Spasmodica,  CEsophagismus —  A. 
Callosa,  D.  Constricta — d.  Paralytica,  OEsopha- 
goplegia,  Pharyngoplegia — d.  Nervosa,  CEsopha- 
gismus— d.  Torpida,  Pharyngoplegia — d.  Globosa, 
Angone — d.  Hysterica,  Angone — d.  Inflammato- 
ria,  Cynanehe  tonsillaris  — ■  d.  Linguosa,  Para- 
glossa — d.  Ranula,  Ranula — d.  Uvulosa,  Staphy- 
loedema — d.  Scirrhosa,  Lajmoscirrhus  —  d.  Spas- 
tica, CEsophagismus. 

DYSPHO'NIA,  from  Sv;,  and  ^wvv,  'the  voice.' 

Difficulty  of  producing  and  articulating  sounds  : 

voice  imperfect  or  depraved.  Apiho'nia,  (of  some.) 

Dysphoria  Imjiodulata  Nasalis,  Rhinopho- 

nia — d.  Immodulata  palatina,  Asaphia. 

DYSPHOR'IA,  Lujtiieiu'do,  Asta'sia.  Dissatis- 
faction ;  restlessness;  suffering;  indisposition; 
from  ivs,  and  ^e.pii),  '  I  bear.' 

Dysphoria  A>":sietas,  Anxiety  —  d.  Nervosa, 
Fidgets — d.  Simplex,  Fidgets. 
DYSPHOTIA,  Myopia. 
DYSPHRESIS,  JDysosphresia, 
DYSPIO'NIA,  from    h;,  and  mtDv,   'fat.'     A 
morbid  condition  of  the  adipous  substance. 
DYSPLASMATIC,  Cacoplastic. 
DYSPLASTICUM,  Spanamic. 
DYSPNCE'A,  from  ^v;,  and  7r»fu,  'I  breathe.' 
Pseudo-asthma,  Amphipneit'ma,  Respiru'tio  dif- 
fic"ilis  seu  hrevis  et  rara,  Brachypna-'a,  Reientio 
ae'reo,   Anhela'tion,   Short   hreath,   Bifficulty   of 
hreathing,  (F.)   Conrfe  Haleine.     Dyspnoea  may 
be  idiopathic  or  symptomatic.    The  latter  accom- 
panies almost  all  thoracic  diseases.     Urgent  dys- 
pnoea has  been  called  ampihipneu'ma,  afifi-vevfia. 
— Hippocrates. 

Dyspncea  Convulsiva,  Asthma  —  d.  Hydro- 
thoraeica,  Hydrothorax  —  d.  Physothoracica, 
Pneumothorax — d.  Pinguedinosa,  Pursiness  —  d. 
Pneumatica,  Pneumothorax  —  d.  Pyothoracica, 
Empyema. 

DYSSIA'LIA,  from  ovg,  and  o-ia^oj,  'saliva.' 
A  morbid  condition  of  the  saliva. 

DYSSYN'ODUS,  Byssynv'sin,  from  ^v<;,  and 
trvvoio;,  '  coition.'  Co'itus  diffic"ilis.  Difficulty 
in  coition. 

DYSSYNUSIA,  Dyssynodus. 
DYSTHAN'ATOS,  from  6v$,  and  Savaro?, 
'death.'     That  which  causes  a  slow  and  painful 
death.     One  who  experiences  this  kind  of  death. 
— Hippocrates,  Galen. 

DYSTHELA'SIA,  from  ivg,  and  ^T,\alu>,  '1  give 
suck.'     Inaptitude  for  suckling. 

DYSTHERAPEU'TOS,  Blfficiliter  cvrn'lills  ; 
from  &VS,  and  ^tpa-nurt,  'medical  treatment.'  That 
which  is  difficult  of  cure. 

DYSTHE'SIA,  from  ^vc,  'badly,' and  rt^rin,  'I 
am  situate.'  Dys'thesis,  Cache.v'ia.  Morbid  habit. 
Bad  humour.     Impatience  in  disease. — Erotian. 

DYSTHET'ICA,  Cache.r'icB,  CacheHcs ;  snf.o 
etymon.  A  morbid  condition  of  the  blood  or 
blood-vessels  ;  alone  or  connected  with  a  morbid 
state  of  other  fluids,  producing  a  diseased  habit. 
The  fourth  order  in  the  class  Hamatica  of  Good, 
including  Plethora,  ITixmorrJiagia,  &c. 

DYSTHYM'IA,  from  Sv;,  and  Sv/ios,  'mind.' 
Bepression,  Benpondcncy.  A  bad  sign  in  acut« 
diseases.     Also,  Melancholy. 

DYSTOCIA,  3fogostoc'ia,  Bradytoc'ia,  Reten'- 
tio  foitus,  from  Svg,  and  toko;,  'accouchement.' 
A  laborious  accouchement,  Laho'rious  labour, 
Parodyn'ia,  morbid  labour,  difficult  labour,  Par- 
tus d{ffic"ilis.     See  Laborious. 

Dystocia  Abortiya,  Abortion — d.  Dyscyesis, 
Pregnancy,  morbid — d.  Dyscyesis  extra-uteiina, 
see  Pregnancy,  preternatural. 


DYSTCECHIASIS 


369 


EAU 


DYST(EC'Sl'ASlS,Higpid'itas,  from  Svg,  'bad,' 
and  oTOLXo?,  '  order.'  Irregular  position  of  the 
eye-lashes. — -Forestus. 

DYSTON'IA,  from  6vs,  and  rovoy,  '  tone.'  Mor- 
bid condition  of  the  tone  of  a  tissue  or  organ. 

DYSTROPH'IA,  from  Svs,  'with  difficulty,' 
and  rpotpri,  'nourishment.'  Imperfect  or  defective 
nutrition. 

DYSULOTUS,  Dysapulotus. 

DYSURE'SIA,  Dysio-e's).*;  from  Sv;,  and  ovpij- 
o-is,  'passing  the  urine.'  Defective  secretion  and 
evacuation  of  the  urine. 


BYSU'illA,  Uri'ncB  diffic"ilis  excre'tio,  from 
bvs,  'with  difficulty,'  and  ovgov,  'urine.'  Stran'- 
gury,  {of  some.)  Difficulty  of  passing  the  urine. 
In  this  aflfection  the  urine  is  voided  with  pain, 
and  a  sensation  of  heat  in  some  part  of  the 
urethra.  Dysuria  is  the  first  degree  of  retention 
of  urine.  It  diifers  from  strangury,  in  which  the 
urine  can  only  be  passed  in  drops  and  with  great 
straining. 

Dysukia  Calctjlosa,  Calculi,  vesical  —  d. 
Irritata,  Calculi,  vesical  —  d.  Mucosa,  Cystir- 
rhcea. 


E. 


EAGLE-STOXE,  Elites. 

EAR,  Auris,  Ous,  ouj,  Ac'oe,  Saxon,  eape,  (F.) 
Oreille.  The  organ  of  audition.  It  is  composed  of 
a  series  of  more  or  less  irregular  cavities,  in 
which  the  sonorous  rays  are  successively  received 
and  reflected,  until  they  agitate  the  nerves  which 
are  destined  to  convey  the  impression  to  the  brain. 
The  ear  is  contained  partly  in  the  substance  of 
the  temporal  bones ;  and  a  part  projects  exter- 
nally, behind  the  joint  of  the  lower  jaw.  It  may 
be  divided  into  three  portions; — the  outer  or  ea-- 
tenial  ear,  formed  by  the  auricle  and  meatus  au- 
ditorius ;  the  middle  ear,  comprising  the  cavity 
of  the  tympanum  and  its  dependencies ;  and  the 
jnfernalear,  comprehending  the  three  semicircular 
canals,  the  cochlea  and  the  vestibule  ;  which,  to- 
gether, constitute  the  osseovs  labyrinth.  Within 
the  cavity  of  this  labyrinth  are  contained  mem- 
branes having  nearly  the  shape  of  the  vestibule 
and  semicircular  canals,  but  not  extending  into 
the  cochlea.  These  membranes  form  the  mem- 
branoua  lahyrinth.  Between  the  osseous  and  the 
naembranous  labyrinth  is  situate  the  liquor  of 
Cotunnius,  and  within  the  membranous  labyrinth 
is  a  fluid,  termed,  by  De  Blainville,  vitrine  audi- 
tive, from  its  supposed  analogy  to  the  vitreous 
humour  of  the  eye.  The  form  of  the  membranous 
vestibule  is  not  an  exact  imitation  of  the  osseous 
cavity,  being  composed  of  two  distinct  sacs,  which 
open  into  each  other, — the  one  termed  the  Sac'- 
cidus  vestib'uli;  the  other  Sac'cnlus.  Each  sac 
contains  in  its  interior  a  small  mass  of  white  cal- 
careous matter  resembling  powdered  chalk,  which 
seems  to  be  suspended  in  the  fluid  of  the  sacs  by 
means  of  a  number  of  nervous  filaments  pro- 
ceeding from  the  auditory  nerve.  These  are  the 
otoconies  and  otolithes  of  Breschet. 

The  auditory  nerve  is  distributed  to  the  cavi- 
ties of  the  internal  ear. 

EAR-DOCTOR,  Aurist  — e.  Flap,  Proptoma 
auricularum. 

EAR-PICK,  Otog'lypMs,  Otoff'lyphum,  Coch'- 
lear  aurictda're,  AuriscaV piiim,  (F.)  Cure-oreille. 
A  species  of  small  scoop,  used  for  extracting 
"hardened  cerumen  from  the  meatus  auditorius 
externus  ;  or  to  remove  foreign  bodies  from  the 
ear.  If  carelessly  used,  it  is  apt  to  excite  inflam- 
mation of  the  tube. 

EAR-SURGEOX,  Aurisf^e.  Surgery,  Otiatria. 

EAR-TRUMPET,  Tuhim  acns'tieus,  Acus'ticum 
Cornu,  (F.)  Cornet  acoustique.  An  instrument  for 
collecting  sound  and  increasing  its  intensity,  used 
by  those  who  are  hard  of  hearing.  It  is,  com- 
monly, a  kind  of  cone,  formed  of  silver,  tin,  or 
elastic  gum,  the  base  of  which  is  turned  towards 
the  person.who  is  speaking,  and  the  apex  placed 
in  the  entrance  of  the  meatus  auditorius  externus. 


EARWAX,  Cerumen. 

EARWIG,  Forficula  aurieularia, 

EARTH  CLUB,  Orobanche  Americana  —  e. 
Fuller's,  Cimolia  purpurescens  —  e.  Gall,  Vera^ 
trum  viride — e.  Heavy,  Baryta — e.  Japan,  Cate- 
chu— e.  Lemnian,  Terra  Lemnia — e.  Nut,  Pignut, 
Bunium  balbocastanum — e.  Ponderous,  Baryta — 
e.  Samian,  Sami  terra — e.  Sealed,  Terra  sigillata 
— e  Tale,  Magnesia. 

EATABLE,  Esculent. 

EAU,  Water  —  e.  d'Aix-la-Chapelle,  see  Aix- 
la-Chapelle. 

EA U  B'ALIBOUR.  This  compound  is  made 
of  sulphate  of  zinc,  and  sulphate  of  copper,  each 
^j ;  camphor,  ten  grains;  saffron,  four  grains; 
loafer,  four  fluidouuces.  Employed  in  chronic 
inflammation  of  the  eyelids,  and  as  a  vulnerarj-. 

EAU  BE  L'AIINIOS,  Liquor  amnii  —  ?. 
d'Amandea  ameres,  Aqua  amygdalarum  coneen- 
trata. 

EAU  ANTIPUTRIDE  BE  BEAUFORT. 
Mineral  lemonade  prepared  with  sulphuric  acid. 

EAU  B'ARMAGNAC,  Tinetura  cinnamomi 
composita — e.  de  Balaruc,  Balaruc  waters — e.  de 
Bareges,  Bareges  water  —  e.  de  Binelli,  Aqua 
Binellii  —  e.  Blanche,  Liquor  plumbi  subacetatis 
dilutus  —  e.  de  Bonferme,  Tinetura  cinnamomi 
composita — e.  de  Bonnes,  Bonnes,  mineral  waters 
of — e.  de  Boide,  see  Ferrum  tartarizatum  —  e.  d^ 
Bourhonne-les-Bains,  Bourbonne-les-Bains,  mi- 
neral waters  of — e.  de  Broechieri,  Aqua  Broechi- 
erii  —  e.  des  Cannes,  see  Melissa  —  e.  de  Chau:c, 
Liquor  caleis — c.  de  Chaux  compiosee.  Liquor  eal- 
cis  compositus. 

EAU  BE  COLOGNE,  Colofjnc  water.  A  cele- 
brated perfume,  so  called  from  the  place  where  it 
is  made.  The  following  is  one  formula:  Oil  of 
hergamot,  giij  ;  Oil  of  lemon,  ^ij  :  Oil  of  Lai'en- 
der,  ^uiss  ;  Oil  of  neroli,  ^iiss ;  Oil  of  oricjanvm, 
,5ij  ;  Oil  of  rosemary,  ^j  ;  Essence  of  vanilla,  ^^ij  ; 
Musk,  ten  grains ;  Rectified  spirit,  Oxiij  ;  Rose- 
water,  Oij  ;  Orange-flower  water,  Oj.  Macerate 
for  fourteen  days,  and  filter. 

EAU  BE  CUIVRE  AMMOJYTACALE,  Li- 
quor eupri  ammoniati  —  e.  Bistillee,  Water,  dis- 
tilled—  e.  de  Fontaine,  Water,  spring  —  e.  dea 
Fontaines  de  la  3Iareguerie,  Rouen,  mineral  wa- 
ters of — e.  contre  la  Gangrene,  Liquor  hydrargyri 
nitrici — ■e.  de  Goudron,  see  Pinus  sylvestris — e.  de 
Goulard,  Liquor  plumbi  subacetatis  dilutus. 

EA  UHEiVASTA  TIQ  UE  BE  TISSERAN  V. 
A  hemastatic  water  reputed  to  possess  the  same 
properties  as  the  Aqua  Brocchierii.  It  may  be 
prepared  by  digesting  dragon's  blood,  and  txirpiHir. 
tine  of  the  Vosges  in  water. 

EAU  B'HUSSON,  Vinum   colchici  — «.-«/«« 


EAU 


310 


ECDEMIOMANIA 


Jlydropiquea,  Serum  of  serous  membranes  —  e. 
Jlydrosulfaree  simple,  Hydrosulphuretted  water. 

EA  U  DE  J  A  VELLE,  Bleaching  liquid,  Aqua 
aJkali'na  oxymuriat'ica,  Laharraque's  Solution, 
( Common  salt,  Ibi.)  ;  black  oxide  of  manganese, 
Ibj  ;  water,  tbij.  Put  into  a  retort,  and  add,  gra- 
dually, oil  of  vitriol,  Ibij.  Pass  the  vapour  through 
a  solution  o{  subearhonate  of  potassa  ^lij  in  water 
,^xxix,  applying  heat  towards  the  last.  S.  g. 
1.087.)  It  is  stimulant,  detergent,  and  antiseptic, 
— applied  externally. 

EAU  BE  LAC,  Water,  lake— e.  cJe  Litce,  Spi- 
ritus  ammoniae  succinatus — e.  Ifagnesienne,  Mag- 
nesia, fluid — e.  de  Marais,  Water,  marsh — e.  Me- 
dlcinale  d'Hasson,  see  Colchicum  autumnale — e. 
de  Mer,  Water,  sea  —  e.  Jfercurielle,  Liquor  hy- 
drargyri  nitrici — e.  Minerale,  Water,  mineral — e. 
de  ilonterossi.  Aqua  Binellii — c.  de  Naples,  Na- 
ples water,  factitious  —  e.  de  Neige,  Water,  snow 
— e.  de  Pluie,  Water,  rain — e.  de  Potasse,  Liquor 
potassaj  —  e.  de  Puit,  Water,  well  —  e.  de  Babel, 
Elixir  aoidum  Halleri — e.  Begale,  Nitro-muriatic 
acid — e.  de  Source,  Water,  well — e.  Styptiqne  de 
Brocchieri,  Aqua  Brocchierii — e.  Sucree,  Hydro- 
saccharum  —  e.  Vegeto-minerale,  Liquor  Plumbi 
subacetatis  dilutus — e.  de  Vichy,  Vichy  water — 
€.  de  Vie,  Brandy — e.  de  Vie  Allemande,  Tinctura 
jalapii  composita  —  e.  de  Vie  camphree,  Spiritus 
camphoras. 

EAUX,  LES,  Liquor  amnii  —  e.  Hepafiques, 
Waters,  mineral,  sulfureous — e.  Minerales  artifi- 
ei-elles,  Waters,  mineral,  artificial — e.  Ifinerales 
factices,  Waters,  mineral,  artificial — e.  ilinerales 
ferrv.gineuses,  Waters,  mineral,  gaseous,  &c. — e. 
Minerales  gaseuses  ou  acidules,  Waters,  mineral, 
gaseous,  &c. — e.  ilinerales  salines,  Waters,  mine- 
ral, saline  —  e.  Ilinerales  sulfnreuses,  Waters, 
mineral,  sulfureous — e.  Sulfurees,  Waters,  mine- 
ral, sulfureous. 

EBEAUPIN,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  An 
acidulous  chalybeate,  in  the  department  of  Loire 
Liferieure,  near  Nantes. 

EBLOUISSEMENT,  Dazzling. 

EBRIECA'SUM.  A  term  employed  by  Para- 
celsus to  denote  a  disturbance  of  the  reason,  simi- 
lar to  what  occurs  in  drunkenness. 

EBRIETAS,  Temulentia. 

EBRIOSITAS,  Temulentia. 

EBULLITIO,  Ebullition,  Strophulus— e.  Sto- 
machi.  Ardor  ventriculi.  Pyrosis. 

EBULLIT"ION,  Ebullif'io,  jE8tuat"io,  Anaz'- 
esis,  Causis,  from  ebullire,  'to  bubble  up.'  Boil- 
ing/ (F.)  Bouillonnement.  The  motion  of  a 
liquid,  by  which  it  gives  off  bubbles  of  vapour, 
by  heat  or  fermentation.  The  boiling  point  of 
liquids  varies  according  to  the  pressure  to  which 
they  are  subjected.  For  the  point  of  ebullition 
of  different  substances,  see  Heat. 

Ebullition  is  used  in  France,  in  a  vague  man- 
ner, for  every  kind  of  transient  eruption  of  the 
skin,  occurring  without  fever  or  with  a  slight 
febrile  attack. 

EBTTLUS,  Sambucus  ebulus. 

EBUR,  Ivorv. 

E  B  U  R  N I F I C  A'T  1 0  N,  Ebum ificn'tio,  from 
ehnr,  'ivory,'  and  fio,  'to  be  made.'  An  incrus- 
tation of  the  articular  surfaces  of  bones  with 
phosphate  of  lime,  which  gives  them  the  white- 
DCBS  and  hardness  of  ivory. 

EC,  (before  a  vowel,  Es,)  tx,  tf,  'out  of,  from, 
of     Hence,  Ecchymoma,  Eclectic,  &c. 

ECAILLE.  Scale. 

ECAILLES  D'HUITBES,  Ostrese  testes. 

ECAILLEUX.  Squamous. 

ECBALIA  ELATERIUM,  Momordica  elate- 
rium. 

ECBESOMENON,  Eventua. 


ECBLOMA,  see  Abortion. 

ECBOLE,  Abortion. 

ECBOLIC,  Abortive. 

ECBOLICUS,  Abortive. 

ECBOLIUM  ELATERIUM,  Momordica  ela- 
terium. 

EGBOLIUS,  Abortive. 

ECBRAS'MATA,  from  tKiSpa^o),  'I  boil  up,' 
Ecchym'ata.  Hippocrates  uses  the  word  for  cer- 
tain burning  eruptions. 

ECCATHARTICUS,  Cathartic. 

ECCEPHALO'SIS,  E.rcerebra'tio,  Cephalo- 
tom'ia,  frora  £K,  'out,'  a.nd  KiiffiXr],  'head.'  The 
removal  of  the  brain  of  the  child  to  facilitate 
delivery. 

ECCHELTSIS,  Expectoration. 

ECCHORESIS,  Defecation. 

ECCHYLOMA,  Succus  expressus. 

ECCIIYiMATA,  Ecbrasmata, 

ECCHYMO'MA,  Ecchymo'sis,  Pelidno'ma,  Pe- 
lio'ma,  Hyphm'ma,  Hypoa'ma,  ITypoce'mia,  from 
£«■,  '  out  of,'  and  y^vfxoi,  'juice,'  'humour;'  Ejfii'- 
sio,  Exsucca'tio,  Siiffu'sio  san'guinia.  A  livid, 
black,  or  yellow  spot,  Livor  sanguin'ens,  pro- 
duced by  blood  effused  into  the  areolar  tissue 
from  a  contusion.  Spontaneous  effusions,  occur- 
ring as  the  result  of  disease  or  after  death,  are 
called  suggillations. 

Ecchymoma  Auteriosum,  see  Aneurism  —  e. 
Capitis  recens  natorum,  Cephaleematoma  —  e. 
Hyponychon,  Hyponychon  —  e.  Lymphaticum, 
Phlerrmatia  dolens — e.  Melasma,  Melasma. 

ECCHY'MOSIS,  Ecchymoma. 

ECCHYSIS,  Effusion. 

ECCLISIS,  Luxation. 

EC'COPE,  Ec'tome,  Ectom'ia,  from  en,  and 
KoiTTciv,  '  to  cut.'  The  act  of  cutting  out :  also, 
a  perpendicular  division  of  the  cranium  by  a 
cutting  instrument;,     See  Entaille. 

ECCOP'EUS.  Same  etymon.  A  knife  or  in- 
strument for  cutting.  An  ancient  instrument — 
the  raspatory — used  in  trepanning. 

ECCOPROSIiESTHE'SIS,  from  ek,  Kovpog,  'ex- 
crement,' and  aiadrjcns,  'sensation.'  The  sensa- 
sion  or  desire  to  evacuate  the  bowels. 

ECCOPROSIS,  Defecation. 

ECCOPROT'IC,  Eeeoprot'icus,Ectoprot'ic,  from 
c^,  'out  of,'  a.nA  Konpos,  'excrement.'  Mild  pur- 
gatives or  laxatives,  whose  operation  is  confined 
to  simply  clearing  out  the  intestinal  canal. 

ECCORTHAT'ICUS,  from  zk,  'out  of,'  and 
KopOaw,  '  I  collect.'  An  ancient  epithet  for  reme- 
dies to  which  was  attributed  the  property  of 
evacuating  collections  of  humours. 

ECCRINOL'OGY,  Eccrinolog"ia,  Ecerimo- 
log"in,  from  E/c/epivo),  [ik,  and  Kpivw,)  'I  separate,' 
and  \oyoi,  '  a  discourse.'  A  treatise  on  the  secre- 
tions. 

ECCRISIOLOGIA,  Ecerinology. 

ECCRISION'OSI,  Eccresionu'si,  from  cKKpiirtg, 
'  excretion,'  and  voo-oj,  '  disease,'  Diseases  of 
excretion. 

ECCRISIOS'CHESIS,  from  cKKp,ai<;,  'excre- 
tion,' and  c^caig,  '  retention.'  Arrest  or  retention 
of  excretions  ;  or  of  a  critical  evacuation. 

EC'CRISIS,  Excretion. 

ECCRIT'ICA.  Diseases  of  the  exccrnent 
function.  The  Cth  cb^s  in  Good's  Nosology 
Also,  medicines  that  act  on  the  excernent  sj'stem, 

ECCYESIS,  Pregnancy,  extra-uterine— e.  Ab- 
dominalis,  Pregnancy,  abdominal  —  e.  Ovarui, 
Pregnane}',  ovarial — c.  Tubalis,  Pregnancy,  tubal, 

ECCY'"LIO'SIS,  from  ck,  'out  of,'  and  kv'Xuh; 
'to  turn  round.'  Jlorbus  evolutio'nis.  A  disease 
of  evolution  or  development. 

ECDEMIOMA'NIA,  Ecdemion'oavs,  from  (kV 


ECDEMIONOSUS 


311 


ECONOIMT 


/•««.  'I  travel  about,'  and  /lavia,  'mania.'  A  mor- 
bid desire  to  be  travelling  about. 
ECDEMIONOSUS,  Ecdemiomania, 
EC'PORA,  from  ck,  and  hpo>,  'I  fla.y.'    Anad'- 
orn,   Excoria'tio.      Excoriation   in   general,  but 
more  especially  of  the  urethra. 

EC'DYSIS,  from  tk-^uco,  (ek,  and  ^uw,)  'I  put 
off.'  Moulting  of  the  skin  of  animals.  Desqua- 
mation. 

ECHALOTTE,  Eschalotte,  Al'Umn  Ascalon'- 
icum,  Cepa  Ascalon'ica.  The  shallot'.  A  species 
of  allium,  employed  in  culinary  preparations. 

EGHANCRURE  {¥.),  Emargina'tio,  Emargi- 
natu'ra,  Incisu'ra.  A  French  word,  employed  by 
anatomists  to  designate  depressions  and  botches 
of  various  shapes,  observed  on  the  surface  or 
edges  of  bones. 

ECHANCRURE  ETHMOlDALE  is  on  the 
nasal  bone,  which  unites  with  the  ethmoid.  See 
Ethmoid. 

ECHANCRURE  NASALE,  Nasal  Notch,  be- 
longs to  the  OS  frontis,  and  is  articulated  with  the 
bones  of  the  nose. 

ECHANCRURE  PAROTIDIENNE  is  a  tri- 
angular space,  comprised  between  the  parotidean 
edge  of  the  inferior  maxillary  bone  and  the  mas- 
toid process,  so  called  because  it  lodges  the  pa- 
rotid gland. 

ECHANCRURE  SOAPULATRE,  Notch,  sca- 
pular— e.  Sciatique  grande,  see  Sciatic  Notch — e. 
Sciatique  petite,  see  Sciatic  Notch. 

ECHARDE,  Splinter. 

ECHARPE  GRANDE,  et  E.  MO  YEN,  see 
Sling — L  de  J.  L.  Petit,  see  Sling — e.  Petite,  see 
Sling. 

ECHAUBOULURES  (F.),  Sudam'ina,  Ei- 
dro'a.  A  word  whose  meaning  is  not  fixed.  It 
is  applied  to  any  eruption  on  the  surface  of  the 
body,  accompanied  with  pricking  and  other  un- 
easy sensations. 

ECHA  UFFANTS,  Calefacients. 

ECHAUFFEMENS,  Chafing. 

ECHAUFFEMENT  (¥.)  Calefac'tio,  Exealc- 
fao'tio,  from  {F.)eehanffer,  (cale/acere,)  'to  make 
warm.'  Augmentation  of  heat  in  the  animal 
economy ;  the  symptoms  of  which  are  a  more 
than  ordinary  sensation  of  heat,  disposition  to 
perspiration,  great  thirst,  general  indisposition, 
flushed  countenance,  &c.  It  goes  off  by  the  use 
of  antiphlogistics  and  abstinence.  In  the  vulgar 
language  it  is  often  used  synonymously  with  con- 
stipation, and  sometimes  for  simple  gonorrhoea, 
and  for  chafing. 

ECHECOL'LON,  from  ex'^,  'I have,'  and  KoWa, 
'glue.'  Echeeollum.  Any  topical  glutinous  re- 
medy.— Gorraeus,  Galen. 

ECHELLES  DU  LIMAgON,  Scalse  of  the 
cocIiIgr. 

ECHENEIS,  Remora  Hildani. 

ECHETROSIS,  Bryonia  alba. 

ECHID'NA  OCELLA'TA,  Brown  ten-inch- 
long  viper.  A  most  formidable  viper  in  the 
forests  of  Peru,  the  bite  of  which  is  so  rapidly 
fatal,  that  it  kills  a  strong  man  in  two  or  three 
minutes.     Tschudi. 

ECHINA'CEA  PURPU'REA,  Purple  Cone- 
flower,  Black  Sampson,  of  the  Composite  Family  ; 
indigenous  in  Ohio  and  westward ;  its  dull  pur- 
ple flowers  appearing  in  July.  The  root  is  aro- 
matic, and  used  popularly  as  a  carminative. 

ECHINE,  Vertebral  column. 
ECHINOCOCCUS  HOMINIS,  see  Worms  — 
e.  Humanus,  Hydatid. 

ECHINODERMI,  Porcupine  men. 
ECHINOGLOSSUM,  Ophioglossum  vulgatum. 


ECHINOPHTHAL'MIA,  from  ^xivos,  'a  hcdgo- 
hog,'  and  oip^aXfiia,  'inflammation  of  the  eye.' 
Ophthalmia  of  the  eyelids,  in  which  the  cilia  pro- 
ject like  the  quills  of  the  h.cdgchog. 

EOHI'NOPS)  from  ex^i°i,  'hedgehog,'  and 
fcjii',  'appearance.'  Crocodil' ion,  Acanthal'zuca, 
Scahio'sa  carduifu'lia,  SphcarocepiWula  ela'tior, 
Echi' no2)us,Eehinops  SphcBroceph'alus.  The  globe 
thistle.  The  root  and  seeds  are  reputed  to  bo 
moderately  diuretic. 

ECHINOPUS,  Echinops. 
ECHINUS  SCANDENS,  Allamanda. 
ECHOS,  Sound,  Tinnitus  aurium. 
ECHOSCOPE,  Auscultation. 
ECHOSCOPIUM,  Stethescope. 
ECHTHYSTEROCYESIS,  Pregnancy,  extra- 
uterine. 

ECLACTIS'MA,  Eclamp'sis,  Eclamp'sia,  Epi- 
lamjj'sis,  Effulgescen'tia,  irom  cKXaKTii^ia,  'I  kick.' 
Epilepsy  is  often  accompanied  with  flashings  of 
light;  and  hence  Hippocrates  has  used  the  last 
two  words  for  epilepsy.  They  have  all  been  ap- 
plied to  the  convulsions  of  children. 

ECLAIRE,  Chelidonium  majus  —  L  Petite, 
Ranunculus  ficaria. 

ECLAMP'SIA,  Convulsion  :  also,  the  convul- 
sions of  children,  Eclamp'sia  infan'tum,  Epilep'- 
sia  acn'ta  infan'tum,  E.  fehri'lis  infan'tum',  E. 
pueri'lis,  (F.)  Convulsions  des  Enfans,  Eclampaie. 
Eclamp'sia  Gravida'rum  et  Partueien'- 
TIDM ;  Puerperal  Convulsions,  (F.)  Oonvtdsiona 
desfemmes  enceintes  et  en  couche.  Convulsions  of 
pregnant  and  parturient  women. 

Eclampsia  Infantum,  see  Eclampsia  —  e.  Nu- 
tans, Convulsion,  Salaam — e.Typhodes,Raphania. 
ECLAMPSIE    EES    ENFANS,    Eclampsia 
infantum. 

ECLECTIC,  (PHYSICIANS,)  Eclec'tici 
Med' id,  from  siicXtyu),  'I  choose.'  A  sect  of  phy- 
sicians, who  professed  to  choose,  from  other  sects, 
all  the  opinions  which  appeared  to  them  best 
founded.  Agathinus  of  Sparta,  master  of  Archi- 
genes  of  Apamasa,  in  Syria,  was  its  reputed 
founder;  and  Archigenes  and  Aretteus  were  it? 
greatest  ornaments.  The  doctrine  was  called 
Eclec'tism,  Eclectis'miis,  Medici 'na  eclec'tica. 
Eclectic  med'icine.  Every  judicious  physician 
must  be  an  eclectic, 

ECLECTISM,  see  Eclectic. 
ECLEC'TOS,  Eclig'ma,  Elig'ma,  Elix'is,  Lam- 
biti'vum,  Linctus,  Linctua'riu7n,  from  ikXixio,  'I 
lick.'  (F.)  Looch.  A  medicine,  of  a  thick,  sy- 
rupy consistence,  chiefly  used  to  allay  cough,  and 
consisting  of  pectoral  remedies.  It  was  formerly 
sucked  from  the  end  of  a  liquorice  stick,  made 
into  a  kind  of  pencil ;  hence  itS  name  Linctus, 
from  lingere,  '  to  lick.'  Although  the  linctus  is 
usually  exhibited  in  thoracic  affections,  it  may 
have  tonic  virtues  combined  with  it. 

ECLEGMA  ALBUM,  Looch  album— e.  Gum- 
moso-oleosum,  Looch  album. 
ECLEIPISIS,  Exfoliation. 
ECLEPISIS.  Desquamation. 
ECLEPISITREPANON,  Exfoliative  trepan. 
ECLIGMA,  Eclectos. 
ECLIMIA,  Boulimia.  ' 

ECLIPSIS,  Syncope. 
ECLISSE,  Splint. 
ECLYSES,  Adynamia. 

EC'LYSIS,  Exsolu'tio ;  from  ckXvw,  'Iloosen.' 
Resolution,  prostration  of  strength  ;  faintness. 
EcLYsis  Pneumo-carpiaca,  Asphyxia. 
ECMYZESIS,  Exsuctio. 
ECNCEA,  Dementia. 
JiCOLE,  School. 

ECON'OMY,  QiJeono'mia,  from  oixia,  '  a  house, 
,  a  family,'  and  vc/iu),  '  I  rule.'     By  *'he  toi-m   xni. 


MCORCE 


312 


ECTOPIA 


mal  economy  is  understood,— the  aggregate  of  the 
liiws  which  govern  the  organism.  The  word  eco- 
nomy is,  also,  used  for  the  aggregate  of  parts 
which  constitute  man  or  animals. 

ECORCE,  Cortex  —  e.  Cariocostine,  Canella 
alba — e.  de  Saint  Lucie,  Cinchonae  Caribaeae  cor- 
tex—  e.  de  IVinte);  see  Wintera  aromatica  —  e. 
Fausse  de  Winter,  Canella  alba. 

EGORCHURES,  Chafing,  Excoriation. 

EGOULEMENT,  Discharge,  Gonorrhoea  —  ^. 
Bla.ic,  Leueorrhoea  —  L  de  Sung  par  I'Intestin, 
Haematochezia. 

EGOUVILLON,  see  EconviHonnement. 

ECOUVILLONNE^fENT  (F.),  from  icou- 
villon,  'a  kind  of  mop,  the  sponge  of  a  gun.'  A 
term  used  by  the  French  therapeutists  for  the 
act  of  cleansing  or  applying  remedies  to  a  part 
by  means  of  a  mop  or  brush  fixed  to  the  end  of  a 
piece  of  whalebone.  Such  mop  or  brush  is 
termed  EcouviUon. 

ECPHLOGOSIS,  Inflammation. 

ECPHLYSIS,  Vesicula— e.  Herpes,  Hei-pes— 
e.  Herpes  circinatus,  Herpes  circinatus  —  e.  Her- 
pes exedens.  Herpes  exedens — e.  Herpes  miliaris. 
Herpes  phlyctsenodes  —  e.  Herpes  zoster.  Herpes 
zoster — e.  Pompholyx,  Pompholyx  —  e.  Rhypia, 
Rupia. 

ECPHRACTIC,  Deobstruent. 

ECPHRAX'IS,  from  cKtppa<T(T(ii,  '1  remove  ob- 
struction.' The  action  of  ecphractic  or  deob- 
struent remedies. 

ECPHRONIA,  Insanity— e.  Melancholia,  Me- 
lancholy. 

ECPHYAS,  Appendix  vermiformis  caeci. 

ECPHYMA,  Excrescence,  Tumour — e.  Callus, 
Callosity  —  e.  Caruncula,  Caruncle  —  e.  Clavus, 
Corn  —  e.  (Edeniaticum,  (Edema,  Phlegmatia  do- 
lens —  e.  Phj'sconia,  Physconia  —  e.  Trichoma, 
Plica — e.  Verruca,  Verruca. 

ECPHYMATA,  Rubeola. 

ECPHYSE'SIS,  Effla'tio,  Effla'tus,  from  tK<t>v- 
cau),  '  I  breathe  through.'  Exsuffl.a' tio.  A  quick 
and  forced  expulsion  of  air  from  the  lungs. 

ECPHYSIS,  Apophysis— e.  Ventriculi,  Duo- 
denum. 

ECPIES'MA,  from  exmi^o},  '  I  compress.'  Ef- 
fractxi'ra,  Impac'tion,  Deces'aio.  A  fracture  of 
the  cranium,  with  depression  of  the  fragments 
and  compression  of  the  brain. 

ECPIES'MOS,  Expres'sio,  Ex'itus,  Ecpies'- 
mon,  same  etymon.  Celsus  uses  these  words  to 
signify  the  forcing  of  the  eye  from  the  orbitar 
cavity,  with  apparent  but  not  real  augmentation 
of  the  organ.     See  Exophthalmia. 

ECPLERO'MA,  from  «,  and  Tz\tpoio,  '1  fill.' 
A  cushion,  a  pad.  Hippocrates  means,  by  this 
term,  a  small  pad  or  ball  of  leather,  or  other 
substance  intended  to  fill  the  hollow  of  the  arm- 
pit ;  used  probably  in  reducing  luxations  of  the 
shoulder. 

ECPLEXIA,  Stupor. 

ECPLEXIS,  Stupor. 

ECPNEUMATOSIS,  Expiration. 

ECPNEUSIS,  Expiration. 

ECPNOE,  Expiration. 

ECPTO'MA,  Ecpto'sia,  Exciden'tia ;  from  «- 
jriTTTw,  '  I  fall  out.'  This  word  has  been  used  in 
various  senses.  1.  Synonymously  with  luxation. 
2  For  the  separation  of  gangrenous  parts.  3. 
For  the  expulsion  of  the  secundines.  4.  For  the 
iirolapsus  of  the  womb :  and  5.  For  intestinal  or 
omental  hernia,  &c. 

ECPTOSIS,  Luxation. 

ECPYCTICA,  Incrassantia. 

ECPYEMA,  Abscess,  Suppuration,  Empyema, 

ECPYESIS,  AbscesSy  Empyema,  Pustule — e. 


Impetigo,  Impetigo — e.  Porrigo,  Porrigo — e.  Por- 
rigo  Crustacea,  Porrigo  larvalis — e.  Porrigo  favosa, 
Porrigo  favosa — e.  Porrigo  furfuraoea,  Porrigo 
furfurans  —  e.  Porrigo  galeata,  Porrigo  scutulata 
— e.  Porrigo  lupinosa,  Porrigo  lupin osa — e.  Sca- 
bies, Psora. 

ECPYETICUS,  Suppurative. 

ECPYISCONTUS,  Suppurative. 

EGRE  VISSE,  Crab. 

EC  REX' IS,  Ruptu'ra,  from  tK^-nyvvitt,  'to 
break.'     Rupture,  laceration. 

ECRHYTH'MUS,  w,  and  f)«5/iof,  'rhythm.' 
A  term  applied  to  the  pulse,  particularly  when 
irregular. — Galen. 

ECROE,  Discharge. 

EGROVELLES,  Scrofula  —  e.  Mesenteriqves, 
Tabes  mesenterica. 

EC'RYSIS,  from  EKptoj,  'I  run  from.'  A  dis- 
charge. 

ECSARCO'MA,  from  ck,  and  irapf,  'flesh.'  A 
fleshy  excrescence  of  various  kinds.  See  Fun- 
gosity  and  Sarcoma. 

ECSESMA,  Eczema. 

EC'STASIS,  from  i^turafiai,  'I  am  beside  my- 
self.' An  ec'stasy  or  trance,  Garus  ec'staais,  Gat'- 
oclius,  Ex'stasis,  Gatalep'sia  spu'ria,  Hyperplexie, 
(F.)  Exfase.  A  state  in  which  certain  ideas  so 
completely  absorb  the  mind,  that  the  external 
sensations  are  suspended,  the  voluntary  move- 
ments arrested,  and  even  the  vital  action  re- 
tarded. In  catalepsy,  there  is,  in  addition,  com- 
plete suspension  of  the  intellectual  faculties. 
This  last  condition  is  in  general  described  as 
trance.     See,  also,  luxation. 

ECSTROPHE,  Exstrophia. 

ECTASIA,  Aneurism — e.  Venarum,  Varix. 

EC'TASIS,  Extension,  Expansion. 

Ec'tasis  I'ridis,  is  the  extension  or  expansion 
of  the  iris,  which  occasions  diminution  of  the 
pupil. 

ECTEXIS,  Colliquation. 

ECTHETOBREPHOTROPHEUM,  Brepho- 
tropheum. 

ECTHLIM'MA,  Exulcera' tio,  from  sic&\il3u,  '1 
express,'  '  I  bruise.'  Attrition.  Chafings,  or 
excoriations,  produced  by  external  violence. — 
Hippocrates. 

ECTHLIPSIS,  Expression. 

ECTHYMA  or  ECTHY'MA,  from  ck&vw,  'I 
break  out.'  Ecpye'sia,  Phlysis  ecthyma,  Phlyza'- 
cia  a'gria,  Sca'hiea  Vera,  Furiin'culi  aton'ici, 
(P.)  Dartre  crustacee,  D.  fonguense.  A  cutane- 
ous eruption,  characterized  by  large  round  pus- 
tules, always  distinct  and  seated  upon  an  indu- 
rated and  highly  inflamed  base.  In  the  course 
of  a  day  or  two  the  pustules  generally  break,  and 
olive-brown  incrustations  are  formed  which  ad- 
here firmly  to  the  skin.  These  separate  in  about 
a  fortnight.  The  disease  requires  the  antiphlo- 
gistic treatment.  Under  the  Ecthymata,  Vogel 
has  designated  certain  hard,  unequal  tumours, 
which  appear  transitorily  on  the  skin.  See  Ef- 
florescence, Exanthem,  and  Pustule. 

ECTHYSTEROCYESIS,  Pregnancy,  extra- 
uterine. 

ECTILLOTICUS,  Depilatory, 

ECTILMOS,  Evulsion. 

ECTOME,  Castration,  Eccope,  Entaille,  Ex- 
cision. 

ECTOMIA,  Castration,  Eccope. 

ECTOMIUS,  Castratus. 

ECTONION,  Helleborus  niger. 

ECTOPARASITES,  Epizoa. 

ECTOP'IA,  Ecto2}'isis,  Ectopismus,  Enfoce'le, 
from  £<cT0T0f,  'out  of  place.'  Morbid  displace- 
ment of  parts.     See  Luxation. 


ECTOPOCYSTICUS 


313 


EFFERENT 


Ectopia  Ani,  Proctocele. 

Ectopia  Cordis,  Cardianas'troph?..  Displace- 
ment, dislocation,  or  unnatural  position  of  the 
heart. 

Ectopia  Hebniosa,  Hernia. 

ECTOPOCYS'TICUS,  from  tKToiro;,  'out  of 
place,'  and  Kvanq,  '  bladder.'  A  disease  depend- 
ent upon  displacement  of  the  bladder. 

ECTOPROTIC,  Eccoprotic. 

ECTOZO'A,  Extozo'a,  Extozoa'ria,  (F.)  Exto- 
zoaires.  Parasitic  animals  that  infest  the  exterior 
of  the  body,  —  as  lice.  A  term  -which,  like  Hel- 
imn'fhia  errat'ica  and  Pscudohclmin'thes,  is  ap- 
plied to  worms  or  larves  of  insects  that  hare 
been  introduced  into  the  intestinal  canal  by  ac- 
cident. Animalcules,  most  frequently  swallowed, 
are  the  hairworm,  leech,  grub  of  the  fly,  caddy 
insect — Phalm'na  penguina'lis  ;  the  larve  of  the 
bee,  the  spider,  the  triton  palus'tris,  lacer'ta 
aquat'ica,  &c.  In  animals,  hots  are  produced  by 
swallowing  the  ova  of  the  cestrns  or  gadfly.  See 
Helmiuthia  erratica. 

ECTRIM'MA,  from  s/crpi/Jw,  '  I  rub  off.'  Ul- 
ceration of  the  skin  ;  and  particularly  that  which 
arises  from  the  pressure  of  the  bed  on  different 
parts  of  the  body,  after  a  protracted  confinement. 
— Hippocrates. 

ECTRODACTYL'IA;  from  tKrpwci';,  'abortion,' 
and  &aKT\i\og,  'a finger.'  A  malformation,  in  which 
one  or  more  fingers  or  toes  are  wanting. 

ECTROMA,  Abortion. 

ECTRO'MELES;  from  E/crpaxri?,  'abortion,' 
and  jicXog,  'a  limb.'  A  genus  of  monsters,  in 
which  the  limbs  are  nearly  or  altogether  deficient, 
a.s  in  the  ordinary  cetacea.- — ^J.  G.  St.  Hilaire. 

EC'TROPE,  Divertic'idum,  from  wrpETrw,  'I 
turn  oft','  '  divert.'  Any  duct  by  which  peccant 
or  morbific  matter  was  supposed  to  be  drawn  off. 
— Hippocrates. 

ECTROP'ION,  same  etymon.  Ecfrop'ium, 
Ever'sio  pal'pebrcB,  Bleiiharopyto' s-is  Ectro'pium, 
Blepharoto'ais,  Pal'pehrce  infe'rior  extror'sum 
Jlexa,  Divarica'tio  seu  Reflex'io  seu  Reclina'tio 
palpehra'rum,  (F.)  Eraillement  des  Paupikres, 
Ilenversement  des  Paupieres.  Eversion  of  the 
e3'elids,  so  that  they  do  not  completely  cover  the 
globe  of  the  eye.  It  happens  more  commonly  to 
the  lower  than  to  the  upper  eyelid.  It  may  be 
owing  to  the  retraction  of  the  skin,  after  the  cure 
of  an  ulcer,  wound,  or  burn  of  the  eyelid ;  or  it 
may  depend  on  tumefaction  or  relaxation  of  the 
conjunctiva.  In  the  majority  of  cases,  removal 
of  a  portion  of  the  conjunctiva  will  effect  a  cure; 
but  there  are  many  which  defy  the  efforts  of  art. 
The  ancients  called  Ectropion  of  the  upper  eyelid 
lagoplithalmia. 

ECTROSIS,  Abortion. 

ECTROSMOS,  Abortion. 

ECTROT'IC,  from  VKTqu>iia,  (ex,  and  TirpiaaKO), 
*  I  wound,')  'abortion.'  Eotrot'icus,  Abortive.  An 
epithet  applied  to  methods  for  preventing  the 
development  or  causing  the  abortion  of  any  dis- 
ease —  as  of  chancres  by  the  use  of  caustic  ; 
emall-pox  pustules  by  the  use  of  mercurial  oint- 
ment, &o. 

ECTYLOTICUS,  Oatheretic. 

ECTYMPANOSIS,  Tympanites. 

ECUMEUX,  Frothy. 

ECUSSONS.  '  Escutcheons  or  shields.'  Plas- 
ters spread  upon  the  skin  ;  or  small  bags — sachets 
— of  the  shape  of  escutcheons,  filled  with  odorous 
powders,  which  are  applied  on  the  skin.  See 
Sachet. 

ECZEMA,  from  e-c^cw,  'I  boil  oat,'  'I  effer- 
vesce.' Eczes'ma,  Ecses'ma,  Pus'tida  ardens,  Cij- 
tie'ma    Eczema,   Humid   Tetter,  Running   Scall, 


(F.)  Dartre  squammense  humide,  D.  inve,  Gale 
epidemique.  Heat  eruption.  An  eruption  of  small 
vesicles  on  various  parts  of  the  skin,  usually  sf^ 
close  or  crowded  together;  with  little  or  no  in- 
flammation around  their  bases,  and  unattended 
by  fever. 

Ec'zEMA  Mercuria'le,  Ec'zema  ruhrvm,  Ery- 
the'ma  mercuria'le,  E.  ichoro'sum,  Hydraryyr'ia, 
IIi/drar(/i/ ro' nis,  Hydraryyri' asis,  Ilurbus  mercu- 
ria'lis,  Mercu' rial  lepra.  A  variety  of  eczema, 
arising  from  the  irritation  of  mercurj'.  The  treat- 
ment is  chiefly  palliative,  consisting  in  ablution 
with  mucilaginous  infusions  or  decoctions ;  mild 
dressings,  where  the  cuticle  has  exfoliated;  avoid- 
ing all  irritation  ;  keeping  the  bowels  open;  with 
the  use  of  sulphuric  acid  and  cinchona.  The 
Ec'zema  Impetigino'des,  Gall,  or  Grocer's  Itch,  ia 
produced  by  the  irritation  of  sugar. 

EczEJiA  OP  THE  Face,  at  an  advanced  stage, 
and  occurring  in  young  children,  has  been  de- 
scribed under  the  names  Criista  lactea  and  Por- 
rigo  larvalis. 

Eczeaia  of  the  Hairy  Scalp  is  often  con- 
founded with  other  affections,  under  the  names 
Porrigo  and  Tinea,  which  are  pustular,  not  vesi- 
cular, in  then-  form.  It  occurs  during  dentition, 
and  even  afterwards,  and  the  discharge  is  so  pro- 
fuse, that  the  head  appears  as  if  dipped  in  some 
glutinous  liquid.  By  and  by,  the  secretion  dries 
into  crusts  and  mats  the  hair  into  little  separate 
tufts.  The  scalp  gives  evidence  of  inflammatory 
excitement,  and  the  lymphatic  ganglions  of  the 
neck  are  apt  to  become  inflamed  and  suppurate. 
A  variety  of  humid  scalled  head,  in  which  the 
humour  from  the  excoriated  surface  runs  down 
upon  the  hairs,  and  encloses  them  in  little  silvery 
pellicles  or  sheaths,  has  received  the  name  Asbes- 
tos Scall. 

Eczema  Rubrum,  Eczema  mercuriale. 
ECZEMATO'SES,  (G.)  Eczematosen,  same 
etymon.     A  family  of  diseases,  in  the  classifica- 
tion of  Fuchs,  including  morbid  conditions  of  the 
cutaneous  secretions — as  of  the  perspiration,  se- 
baceous and  colouring  matters,  <tc.,  and  hence 
many  chronic  cutaneous  aft'ections.     His  subdi- 
visions   are,    ephidroses,    smegmorrhoea,   acarpa, 
polycarptc.  and  monocarpa. 
ECZESIS,  Effervescens. 
ECZESMA,  Eczema,  Lichen  tropicus. 
EDEMATOUS,  (Edematous. 
EDENTATUS,  Edentulus. 
EDENTULI,  Nefrendes. 

EDEN'TULOUS,  Eden'tnlus,  Edenta'tus,  from 
e,  and  dens,  dentis,  'a  tooth.'  ^  An'odus,  Carens 
den'tibiis,  Nodes,  Nodus,  (F.)  JEdente.    One  with- 
out teeth.     This  defect  can  only  be  remedied  by 
artificial  means.     See  Nefrendes. 
EDERA,  Hedera  helix. 
EDIBLE,  Esculent. 
EDUCATIO  INFANTUM,  Pajdia. 
EDULCORA'TION,   Glycan'sis,  Edulcora'tio, 
from  edulcorare,  (dulcis,  'sweet,')  'to  sweeten,' 
'to  render  mild.'     An  operation,  the  object  of 
which  is  to  deprive  a  substance  of  its  acrid  and 
disagreeable  taste,  or  at  least  to  disguise  it.  Also, 
the  addition  of  a  saccharine  substance  to  a  me- 
dicine,  whose   taste   it   is   desirable  to   modify 
agreeably. 

EDULE,  Comestible. 
EDULIS,  Comestible. 

EF'FERENT,  ^/■^ere?!*,  Centrifugal,  Exod'ie. 
from  effero,  (e,  oxiA  ferro,)  'I  carry,'  'transport.' 
Conveying  outwards,  as  from  the  centre  to  tho 
periphery. 

Vasa  efferen'tia  are  those  lymphatics,  which 
issue  from  the  lymphatic  glands  \<>  convey  their" 


EFFERVESCENCE 


314 


EISTHANTHEMA 


lymph  to  the  thoracic  duct;  so  called  to  distin- 
guish theui  from  those  which  pass  to  those  glands, 
and  which  have  been  termed  vasa  offeren'tia. 
Also,  nerves  are  so  called  that  conye.y  the  ner- 
Viius  influence  from  the  nervous  centres  to  the 
circumference.     See  Afferent. 

At  the  upper  extremity  of  the  mediastinum 
tC'Stis,  the  ducts  of  the  rete  testis  terminate  in 
from  9  to  .30  small  ducts,  called  vasa  efferentia, 
which  form  the  Com  vriscalo'isi. 

EFFERVES'CENCE,  Efferresren'tia,  Zcsis, 
Uc'gesis,  from  effervescere,  (e,  tmd  feri'cscere,)  'to 
prow  hoL'  That  agitation,  which  is  produced  by 
the  escape  of  gas  through  a  liquid,  independently 
of  the  heat  of  the  mixture  ;  such,  for  instance,  as 
results  from  the  mixture  of  acetic  acid  and  car- 
bonate of  potassa. 

In  Pathulofji/  it  has  a  similar  signification.  It 
expresses,  in  the  language  of  the  humourists,  a 
sort  of  ebullition  in  the  fluids  of  the  living  body, 
produced  either  by  elevation  of  temperature  or 
by  the  reaction  on  each  other  of  the  principles 
contained  in  the  fluids  in  circulation. 

EFFETUS,  Impoverished. 

EFFICA'CIOUS,  Ef'ficax,  from  efficeve,  {e, 
and /acere,)  'to  accomplish.'  That  which  pro- 
duces a  great  effect, — as  '  an  efficacious  remedy.' 

Jfedici'na  efficax,  La  Medecine  efficace,  is  a 
term  sometimes  applied  to  surgery. 

EFFILA,  Ephelides. 

EFFLATIO,  Ecphysesis. 

EFFLATUS,  Ecphysesis. 

EFFLORATIO,  Exanthem. 

EFPLORES'CENCE,  Efflora'tio,  Effloreacen'- 
tin,  from  effiorencere,  (e,  0,116.  florescere,)  'to  blow 
as  a  flower.'  Strihili'go,  Ecthy'ma.  The  conver- 
sion of  a  solid  substance  into  a  pulverulent  state 
by  exposure  to  the  air.  In  salts  this  is  generally 
owing  to  the  loss  of  a  part  of  their  water  of  cry- 
stallization. 

In  Pathology,  efSorescence  has  the  same  mean- 
ing as  exanthema;  and,  in  the  nosology  of  Sau- 
vages,  the  name  is  given  to  that  order  of  diseases. 
Sometimes,  it  is  confined  to  the  cutaneous  blush, 
the  exaitthe'sis  of  Good. 

EFFL  ORESCENCE  ER  Y SIP  EL  A  TE  USE, 
Eoseolae. 

EFFLORESCE^s^TIA,  Exanthem. 

EFFLORESCENTI^,  JElevures. 

EFFLUVIUM,  Emanation  —  e.  Latrinarium, 
Mitte — e.  Palustre,  Miasm,  Marsh. 

EFFLUXION,  Abortion. 

EFFORT,  (e,  and/orfw,  'strong.)  Nism,  Co- 
va'ttis,  Veira.  A  muscular  contraction  of  greater 
or  less  strength,  the  object  of  which  is,  either  to 
resist  an  external  force,  or  to  accomplish  a  func- 
tion, which  has  become  naturally  laborious : — 
such  are,  the  act  of  pushing  away,  or  of  drawing 
a  body  toward  us,  and  the  more  or  less  painful 
efforts  used  by  the  mother  to  cause  the  expulsion 
of  the  foetus.  In  France,  the  word  effort  is  often 
used  synonymously  with  hernia;  and  signifies, 
likewise,  the  painful  twitches  of  muscles,  occa- 
sioned by  over-exertion,  or  by  the  rupture  of 
Some  of  their  fleshy  fibres.  Sauvages  calls  Efforts 
a^«  reins,  Lumba'cfo  ct  nisn,  the  pain  in  the  loins 
occasioned  by  bearing  too  heavy  a  burden. 

EFFORT,  Herniate,  des  Reins,  see  Effort. 

EFFOSSIO,  Exhumation. 

EFPRACTURA,  Ecpiesma. 

Effractd'ra  Cranii,  Enthln'sis  Cra'nii,'FTa.c- 
lare  of  the  Cranium,  with  depression. — Par6. 
EFFRENITATIO,  Hypercatharsis. 

EFFUS'IO,  Effusion— e.  Seminis  Ejaculation. 

'EFFV'&IO'K, Effu'sio,Ec'chysi8, from  ejfundere, 
{e,  and  fundere,)  'to  pour  out.'  (F.)  Epanche- 
mcnt,  {Infiltration  is  the  term  generally  employed 


for  effusion  into  the  areolar  membrane.)  The 
pouring  out  of  blood  or  of  any  other  fluid  into 
the  areolar  membrane,  or  into  the  cavities  of  the 
body.  The  effusion  of  serum  or  of  coagidahle 
lymph,  for  instance,  is  a  common  result  of  inflam- 
mation of  serous  membranes. 
EGARE,  Wild. 

EGAREMENT  D'ESPRIT,  Delirium,  In- 
sanity. 

EUER,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF  THE.  In 
the  valley  of  the  Eger,  at  the  western  extremity 
of  Bohemia,  there  are  several  acidulous  springs. 
One  of  the  most  frequented  of  these  is  Franzens- 
bad. 

EGE'RIA.  In  ancient  mythology,  a  nymph 
to  whom  pregnant  females  offered  sacrifices  ut 
cdnceptus  alvus  facilius  egerettir.  By  some,  sup- 
posed to  have  been  identical  with  Lucina. 

EGESTA,  see  Excretion. 

EGESTAS,  Want. 

EGESTIO,  Defecation,  Dejection,  Excretion. 

EGG-BRANDY,  see  Ovum. 

EGG  PLANT,  Solanum  melongena — e.  White 
of,  Albumen  ovi. 

EGLANTIER  BE  CHIEN,  Rosa  canina— «. 
Sauvaqe,  Rosa  canina. 

EGOBRONCHOPHONY,  see  Egophony. 

EGOPHONE,  Egophony. 

EGOPH'ONIC,  JEgopho'nicus,  (F.)  Egopho- 
nique.  Same  etymon  as  the  next.  Having  the 
character  of.  or  relating  to,  egophony. 

EGOPHONIQUE,  Egophonic. 

EGOPH'ONY,  ^gojiho'nia,  from  ojf,  'a  goat,' 
and  (piavri,  'voice.'  Cajjrilo'quium,  Tmgopho'nia, 
Goat's  Voice,  Bleating  Voice,  (F.)  Voix  chevro- 
tante,  V.  egophonique,  V.  de  PolicJiinelle,  V.  se- 
nile, Pectoriloquie  chevrotante.  Laennec  has  de- 
signated by  this  name,  the  kind  of  resonance  of  the 
voice  heard  through  the  stethoscope,  when  we  ex- 
amine the  chest  of  one  labouring  under  moderate 
effusion  into  one  of  the  pleurae.  The  voice,  which 
strikes  the  ear  through  the  cylinder,  is  more 
sharp  and  harsh  than  usual,  and  tremulous  and 
broken,  like  that  of  the  goat.  The  patient  him- 
self is  called  Egophone.  Bouillaud  affirms  that 
the  'bronchial  and  bleating  voice,'  (egohroncho- 
phonie)  is  the  principal  symptom  of  pleuropneu- 
monia, Egophony  exists,  however,  in  cases  of 
hejxitization  where  there  is  no  pleural  disease. 

EGREGOR'SIS,  Vigil'ia,  VigtH'ce,  Vigihin'tio, 
Vigiln'tio,  Vigil'ium,  from  tyocyopto),  '  I  watch.' 
Watchfulness.     A  morbid  want  of  sleep. — Galen. 

EGRESSUS  VENTRICULI,  Pylorus. 

EIDOS,  £i6os,  'form,  resemblance.'  The  ti  is 
oft«n  changed  into  w,  at  the  termination  of  a 
word.    Thus,  Hcemato'i' des  or  Hmmato' des. 

EILAMIDES,  Meninges. 

EILE'MA,  from  jriAco?,  R'evg,  (ei'Xtu,  'I  roll,') 
'  a  convolution.'  Vogel  has  given  this  name  to 
a  fixed  pain,  occupying  some  portion  of  the  in- 
testinal canal,  which  the  patient  compares  to  the 
sensation  that  would  be  produced  by  a  nail  driven 
into  the  part. 

EILEON,  Ileon. 

EILEUS,  Ileus. 

EILOID,  (Tujnour,)  Eildt' des,  from  u'Xc(^,  '1 
roll,'  and  tiSos,  'resemblance.'  A  morbid  growth 
of  the  cutis,  coiled  or  folded. 

EILSEN,  MINERAL  ABATERS  OF.  Eilson 
is  about  six  German  miles  from  Hanover,  at  the 
foot  of  the  Harrclberg.  It  has  eleven  springs, 
of  which  seven  are  sulphureous  and  four  chaly- 
beate. 

EISANTHE'MA,  Exanthe'ma  inter'num,  En. 
tanthe'ma,  from  tif,  'within,'  and  nv6n/"i,  '  efllo- 
rescence.'  An  eruption  on  a  mucous  membrane; 
— aphthae,  for  example. 


EISBOLE 


315 


ELECTRICITY 


EISBOLE,  Attack,  Injection. 

EISPNOE,  Inspiration. 

EJACULATIO,  Ejaculation  — e.  Seminis  Im- 
pedita,  Bradyspermatismus. 

EJACULA'TION,  Ejacnla'tio,  from  e,  andja- 
cnlare, — itself  from  /(rcerc,  'to  throw.'  Gonohol'ia, 
Gonobolis'mus,  Ejaculotio  sen  Profu'sio  sen  Effn'- 
st'o  Sem'inis,  E.rpatra'tio,  Patra'tio,  Spermoh'ole. 
The  emission  of  sperm.  The  act,  by  which  that 
fluid  is  darted  out  through  the  urethra. 

E.IAC'ULATOR.  Same  etymon.  That  which 
effects  the  emission  of  sperm.  See  Transversus 
perinrei. 

E.TACTTLATOR  Sf.minis.  Accelerator  nrinse. 

EJAC'ULATORY,  Ejacula'torim,  EJac'ulans: 
same  etymon.  Concerned  in  the  ejaculation  of 
sperm. 

EjACTTi.ATonY  Ducts  or  Caxals,  (F.)  Condw'fs 
ou  Ganaux  ejaculafenrs.  are  formed  by  the  union 
of  the  vasa  deferentia  with  the  ducts  of  the  vesi- 
oula3  seminales.  They  open  at  the  lateral  and  ante- 
rior parts  of  tlie  vernmontanum,  and  convey  into 
the  urethra  the  sperm  which  is  discharged  from 
the  vesiculse,  as  well  as  that  which  comes  directly 
from  the  testicle  by  the  vas  deferens.  Between 
them  there  is  often  a  depression,  sometimes  of  a 
large  size,  which  is  termed  Utric'uhis,  Vesi'ca  seu 
vesic'ula  prnstaf'ica  sen  S!niin  pocnla'ris,  which 
has  been  regarded  as  the  analogue  to  the  uterus 
in  the  female,  and  thence  called  V terns  mascu- 
li'nns. 

EJECTIO.  Excretion— e.  Fa-cum,  Defecation. 

EJECTION,  Ejec'tio.  from  ejicere,  (e,  and /o- 
cere,)  'to  throw  out  or  eject.'  The  excretion  of 
the  freces,  urine,  sputa,  &c, 

EL  NISPERO,  Sapota. 

ELABORA'TION,  Elahora'tio,  from  e,  and 
Inhm-nr/;,  'to  work.'  This  word  is  used,  by  phy- 
siolo-^ists,  to  signify  the  various  changes  which 
substances  susceptible  of  assimilation  xxndergo, 
through  the  action  of  living  organs,  before  they 
are  capable  of  serving  for  nutrition.  The  food  is 
said  to  be  ehihorafed  in  the  stomach  during  the 
formation  of  chyme  :  the  chyme  is  elaborated  in 
the  .small  intestine  before  it  is  chyle,  <S;c. 

ELiEA,  Olea  Europaa. 

EL^AGNUS,  Myrica  gale — e.  Cordo,  Myrica 
gale. 

ELiEOCARPUS  COPALIFERA,  Copal. 

EL^OM'ELI,  from  iXatnv,  'oil.'  and  //£>(, 
'honey.'  Dioscorides  means,  by  this,  an  oil 
thicker  than  honey,  and  of  a  sweet  taste,  which 
flows  from  the  trunk  of  a  tree  in  Syria.  It  is 
acrid  and  purgative ;  and  sometimes  occasions 
serious  symptoms,  according  to  that  author.  — 
Gorrseus. 

EL^OM'ETER,  from  tXaiov,  'oil.'  and  ftcTpov, 
'measure.'  A  very  delicate  glass  hydrometer,  for 
testing  the  purity  of  olive  or  almond  oil,  by  de- 
termining their  densities.  The  0  or  zero  of  the 
scale  is  the  point  at  which  the  instrument  floats 
in  the  oil  of  poppy  seeds.  In  pure  olive  oil,  it 
floats  at  50°,  and  the  space  between  these  points 
is  divided  into  .50  equal  parts,  and  numbered  ac- 
cordingly. It  floats  at  38°  or  3SJ°  in  pure  oil  of 
almonds. 

EL^OTs",  Oil. 

ELiEOPH'ANES,  from  eXaiov,  'oil,'  and  fatvo- 
fini,  'I  appenr.'  That  which  has  the  appearance 
of  oil ;  as  Uri'nn.  elcgnph'anes. 

EL^O-SAC'CHARUM,  from  c\atov,  'oil,'  and 
aaKxap,  '  sugar.'  O'len-Sac'charum,  EaVunrno- 
Sac'charvm.  A  medicine,  composed  of  essential 
oil  and  sugar.  It  was  made  by  pouring  upon  an 
ounce  of  sugar,  reduced  to  an  impalpable  pow- 
der, ^ss  or  3j  of  an  essential  oil ;  the  mixture 


being  triturated  until  the  two  substances  were 
perfectly  united. — Rolfink. 

ELAIN,  see  Pinguedo. 

ELAIS  GUINEENSIS,  see  Cocos  butyracear— 
e.  Occidentalis,  see  Cocos  butyracea. 

ELAN,  Cervus  alces. 

ELANOEMENT,  see  Lancinating. 

ELAPHOBOSCUM,  Pastinaca  sativa. 

ELAPIIRIUM  ELEMIFERUM,  see  Amyris 
elemifera — e.  Tomentosum,  Fagara  octandi-a. 

ELAPSUS,  Luxation. 

ELAS'MA,  from  cXawuii  'I  drive  up.'  A  clyster 
pipe. — Linden. 

ELASTES,  Elasticity. 

ELASTICITY,  Elastic" itns,  El'ater,  Elas'teo, 
El'ates,  Vis  elas'tica,  Tone,  Tonic"ity,  (F.)  Oon- 
tractilite  de  Tissti,  Coiitraetiiite  par  defaut  d'e.e- 
tension,  from  tXavvtii,  *I  impel.'  The  property  by 
which  certain  bodies  return  to  their  proper  size 
and  shape,  where  these  have  been  modified  by- 
pressure  or  otherwise.  It  is  possessed  by  the 
dead  as  well  as  by  the  living  solid. 

ELATE,  Pinus  picea — e.  Theleia,  Pinus  rubra. 

ELATER,  Elasticity. 

ELATERINE,  see  Momordica  elaterium. 

ELATERIUM,  Extractum  elaterii,  Momordica 
elaterium — e.  Cordifolium,  Momordica  elaterium. 

ELATES,  Elasticity. 

ELATIN,  see  Momordica  elaterium. 

ELATINE,  Antirhinum  elatine — e.  Cymbala- 
ria,  Antirhinum  linaria — e.  Hastata,  Antirhinum 
elatine. 

ELBOW,  Sax,  elbo^a,  from  ell,  and  how ;  the 
bend  of  the  ulna.  Cu'bitus,  Ancon,  Pechys,  Ulna, 
Umbo,  (F.)  Coude.  This  word,  abstractedly, 
means  the  angle  formed  by  the  union  of  two 
straight  bodies.  It  is  particularly  applied  to  the 
articulation  of  the  arm  with  the  forearm,  and 
especially  to  the  projection  formed  by  the  ole- 
cranon process  at  the  posterior  part  of  the  joint. 

Elbow,  Miners',  see  Miners'  Elbow. 

ELCOMA,  Ulcer. 

ELCO'SIS,  Helco'sis,  Elco'ma,  Belco'ma,  from 
'i.\Kog,  '  an  ulcer.'  Ulceration  in  general.  An 
ulcer.  A  deep  ulceration  of  the  cornea,  in  con- 
sequence of  a  blow  or  of  violent  inflammation. — • 
Galen,  Pare. 

Sauvages  applies  the  term  to  a  state  of  the 
body,  in  which  there  are  numerous  ulcerations  of 
an  obstinate  character,  complicated  with  caries, 
putrescency,  low  fever,  &e. 

ELCUSTER,  Embryulcus. 

ELDER,  Sambucus  —  e.  Common,  Sambucus 
Canadensis — e.  Dwarf,  Aralia  hispida,  Sambucus 
ebulus — e.  Prickly,  Aralia  spinosa. 

ELECAMPANE,  Inula  helenium. 

ELECTRICITAS,  Electricity  —  e.  Aninialis, 
Galvanism — e.  Galvanica.,  Galvanism — e.  Metal- 
lica,  Galvanism. 

ELECTRICITY,  Electric" itas,  from  vXixrpov, 
'amber,' — the  substance  in  which  it  was  first  no- 
ticed. Electricity  is  used  medicinally  as  an  ex- 
citant. It  has  been  occasionally  employed  with 
success  in  paralysis,  rheumatism,  accidental  deaf- 
ness, amaurosis,  amenorrhoea,  &c.,  but  it  is  un- 
certain, and  not  much  used ;  and  the  cases  are  not 
always  clear  in  which  it  could  be  of  service. 
It  may  be  communicated  by  means  of  the  electric 
bath  —  Pain  etectrique,  as  it  has  been  called; 
which  consists  in  placing  the  patient  upon  an 
isolated  stool,  and  connecting  him  with  the  prime 
conductor,  of  which  he  thus  becomes  a  part.  The 
fluid  may  be  communicated  by  points,  sparks,  or 
by  shocks,  according  to  the  required  intensity. 

Eli-ctricity,  Chemical,  Galvanism  —  e.  Con- 
tact. Galvanism  —  e.  Magnetic,  Electro-Magno- 
tism — e.  Voltaic,  Galvanism. 


ELECTRIFY 


316 


ELEYAfEtR 


BLUC'TRIFT,  from  electric,  and /o,  'I 
make.'  (F.)  Electriser.  To  produce  the  electri- 
cal condition  in  a  body,  or  to  render  it  suscep- 
tible of  producing  electrical  phenomena.  It  is 
often  used  to  signify  the  act  of  communicating 
the  electric  fluid  to  man. 

ELECTRISER,  to  electrify. 

ELECTRO'DES,  from  vXcktoov,  '  amber,'  and 
uhoi,  '  resemblance.'  An  epithet  for  evacuations, 
which  shine  like  amber. — Hippocrates. — Focsius. 

ELECTRO -MAG'NETISM,  Magnet'ic  dec 
tric"ity.  An  electro-magnetic  apparatus  is  occa- 
sionally used  in  cases  of  paralysis.  A  convenient 
form  consists  of  a  battery  of  six  curved  perma- 
nent magnets,  and  an  intensity  armature,  around 
whose  cylinders  1500  yards  of  line  insulated 
copper  wire  are  coiled.  The  ends  of  the  wire 
communicate  respectively,  with  a  pair  of  directors, 
each  of  which  holds  a  piece  of  sponge,  dipped  in 
vinegar  or  a  solution  of  common  salt.  When 
the  armature  is  rotated,  and  a  portion  of  the 
body  is  interposed  between  the  directors,  a  suc- 
cession of  shocks  is  received. 

ELECTROPUNC'TURE,£'Zec<rqp!«?ci;«r«'f;on, 
Electrostix' is,  Gal'vanopnncttire.  The  operation 
of  inserting  two  or  more  wires,  and  then  connec- 
ting them  to  the  poles  of  the  galvanic  apparatus. 

ELECTROSTIXIS,  Electropuncture. 

ELECTRUM,  Succinum. 

ELECTUAIRE  DENTIFRICE,  Dentifrice. 

ELECTUA'RIUM,  jE'^ecta'Wum;  an  Electuary, 
from  eiigere,  'to  make  choice.'  (F.)  Elecftiaire. 
A  pharmac-eutical  composition  of  a  soft  consist- 
ence, somewhat  thicker  than  honey,  and  formed 
of  powders,  pulps,  extracts,  syrup,  honey,  &c. 
In  the  London  and  American  Pharmacopoeias, 
electuaries  are  called  Confections. 

Electuatiium  de  Aloe,  Opiatum  mesentericum 
— e.  Aperiens,  Confectio  sennas — e.  Aromaticum, 
Coufectio  aromatica — e.  Cassise,  Confectio  cassias 
— e.  Cassiee  fistula;,  Confectio  cassise  —  e.  Cassine 
sennffi,  Confectio  sennas — e.  Cassise  tamarindatum 
6eu  lenitivum,  Confectio  cassias  —  e.  Catholicum 
eommunse,  Confectio  sennas — e.  Cinchonas,  Opia- 
tum febrifugum — e.  de  Croco  emendatum,  Confec- 
tio hyaeinthi — e.  Diaprunum,  Confectio  senna; — 
e.  Eccoproticum,  Confectio  senn«  —  e.  de  Kina 
kina,  Opiatum  febrifugum  —  e.  Laxativum,  Con- 
fectio cassias  —  e.  Leniti^iim,  Confectio  sennre  — 
e.  Opiatum,  Confectio  opii — e.  Scammonii,  Con- 
fectio Scammonias  —  e.  e  Seammonio,  Confectio 
Bcammonise  —  e.  Sennse,  Confectio  sennas  —  e. 
Senn«  compositum,  Confectio  senna; — e.  Sennas 
cum  pulpis,  Confectio  sennas — e.  Thebaicum,  Con- 
fectio opii. 

ELEENCEPHALE,  from  zUlov,  'oil,'  and 
tyKt(pa\ov,  'encephalon.'  A  fatty  matter  found  by 
Couerbe  in  the  encephalic  neurine. 

ELELISPHACOS,  Salvia. 

EL'EMENT,  Elemen'tum,  from  ancient  eleo 
■for  oleo,  'to  grow,'  (?)  Princip'ium,  P.  Primiti'- 
vum,  StoeJiei'on.  A  simple,  ultimate  constituent 
or  principle  in  the  human  body,  which  forms  the 
basis  of  a  fibre  or  tissue.  Also,  a  constituent  of 
a  compound  organ.  The  ■inorganic  elements  are 
(simple  principles.  An  organic  element,  proxi- 
mate principle  or  compound  of  organization,  re- 
sults from  the  union  of  certain  inorganic  ele- 
ments. Oxygon,  hydrogen,  carbon,  and  azote, 
(iri!  inorganic  elements;  fibrin,  albumen,  osma- 
«ome,  <fec.,  organic  elements. 

Elements,  Organic,  Principles,  immediate  — 
6.  Sarcous,  see  Sarcous. 

ELEMENTARY  CELL,  see  Cell. 

ELEMEXTUM  ACIDIFICUM,  Oxygen. 

ELEAII,  Amyris  elemifera. 

KLENIUM,  inula  helenium. 


ELEOSELINUM,  Apium  petroselinnm. 

ELEPHANTI'ASIS,  Elephanti'a,  ElepTian- 
tias'mus,  El'epjhas,  Laz'ari  morhvs  v€l  malum, 
Ph(Enic"eu8  niorhus,  Phymato' sis  Elephanti'asis, 
from  eXtc/iaf,  'an  elephant.'  Various  affections 
have  been  described  under  this  name,  by  adding 
an  epithet.  It  is  ordinarily  and  generic-ally  ap- 
plied to  a  condition,  in  which  the  skin  is  thick, 
livid,  rugous,  tuberculate,  and  insensible  to  feeling. 

Elephantiasis  of  the  Antilles,  Baiha'doeg 
Leg,  Glandular  disease  of  Barhadoes,  (F.)  Jamhes 
de  Barhade,  is  the  Elephantiasis  of  many  writers, 
Bucne'mia.  It  is  characterized  by  the  leg  being 
enormously  tumid  and  misshapen ;  skin  thick- 
ened, livid,  and  rugose,  often  scaly ;  scrotum, 
arms,  or  other  parts  sometimes  participating  in 
the  affection.  The  Bucne'mia  Trop'ica,  Cochin 
leg,  is  an  affection  of  this  kind. 

Elephanti'asis  Arab'ica,  Ifaladie  glundu- 
laire,  Ladrerie,  Tyri'asis,  El'cpihas,  ElepjJianli'- 
asis,  E.  In'dica,  Elephanti'a  Ar'ahuia,  Lepira 
Arahum,  (of  some.)  In  this  the  tubercles  are 
chiefly  on  the  face  and  joints.  There  is  loss  of 
hair,  except  on  the  scalp;  voice,  hoarse  and  nasal; 
and  the  disease  is  said  to  be  contagious  and  he- 
reditary. It  most  frequently  attacks  the  feet; 
and  gives  the  lower  extremity  a  fancied  resem- 
blance to  the  leg  of  an  elephant,  whence  its 
name.  The  seat  of  the  disease  seems  to  be  in 
the  lymphatic  vessels  and  glands,  and  in  the  sub- 
cutaneous areolar  tissue  :  the  inflammatory  con- 
dition of  which  is  accompanied  with  general 
morbid  symptoms.  Medicine  has  little  or  no 
effect  on  this  loathsome  complaint.     See  Lepra. 

Elephantiasis  of  Cayenne,  Mai  rouge  de 
Cayenne,  seems  to  be  a  variety  of  Lepra,  charac- 
terized by  red  and  j'ellow  spots,  occupying  the 
forehead,  ears,  hands,  loins,  etc.,  afterwards  ex- 
tending and  becoming  scaly,  with  deformity  of 
the  parts  where  they  are  seated,  particularly  of 
the  face  ;  and  ultimatel}'  producing  cracks,  ulcers, 
caries,  and  sometimes  death. 

Elephantiasis  op  the  Greeks,  E.  Graeo'- 
rum,  is  probably  the  same  disease  as  Lepra. 

Elephantiasis  of  India  is  characterized  by 
red,  livid,  or  yellowish  spots,  slightly  prominent, 
to  which  succeed  indolent  tumours,  formed  in  the 
areolar  texture.  At  a  more  advanced  period  the 
phalanges  swell,  and  become  ulcerated ;  the  bones 
of  the  nose  carious,  the  lips  thickened,  and  ema- 
ciation gradually  carries  off  the  patient.  It  like- 
wise belongs  to  lepra. 

Elephantiasis  Italica,  Pellagra. 

Elephantiasis  of  Java  is  likewise  a  variety 
of  lepra,  characterized  by  large  white  tumours 
on  the  toes  and  fingers,  resembling  scrofulous  tu- 
mefactions. These  tumours  ulcerate,  and  the 
ulcerations  spread  from  the  extremities  towards 
the  trunk,  destroying  even  the  bones.  Amputa- 
tion can  alone  arrest  its  progress.  The  disease 
is  often  accompanied  by  alopecia,  and  by  an 
eruption  of  red  spots. 

ELEPHANTI'NUM  EMPLAS'TRUM,  EAt- 
(bavTivov.  An  ancient  plaster,  composed  of  ■■>(t 
parts  of  ceruss,  45  of  wax,  oil  Ibss,  water  Ibj. — 
Castelli.  Oribasius  and  Celsus  both  mention  a 
plaster  of  this  name,  but  they  are  by  no  means 
similar  iii  composition. 

ELEPIIANTOMMA,  Buphthalmia, 

ELEPIIAN'TOPUS,  (F.)  Elephantope ;  from 
tkzipas,  'elephant,'  and  -novi,  'foot.'  One  affected 
wifh  elephantiasis. 

ELEPHAS,  Elephantiasis,  Ivory. 

ELETTARIA  CARDAMOMUM,  Amomum 
cardamomura. 

E^LEUTERIA,  Croton  cascarilla. 

ELEVATE UR,  Elevator— (?.  Commun  de  VaiU 


ELEVATOR 


3ir 


ELIXIR 


dn  nez  et  de  la  levrc  sttperieure.  Levator  labii  sii- 
perioris  alasqiie  nasi — e.  de  I'CEil,  Rectus  superior 
oouli — e.  de  la  Paupiere  superieure,  Levator  pal- 
pebree  superioris. 

ELEVA'TOR,  from  elevare,  (e,  and  levare,) 
'to  lift  up.'  (F.)  Elcvateur.  A  muscle,  whose 
function  it  is  to  raise  the  part  into  which  it  is  in- 
serted.    See  Levator. 

Elevator,  Elevato'rium,  Vectis  elevato'rius. 
A  name  given  to  different  surgical  instruments 
employed  for  raising  portions  of  bone  which 
have  been  depressed,  for  raising  and  detaching 
the  portion  of  bone  separated  by  the  crown  of 
the  trepan,  and  for  removing  stumps  of  teeth. 

Elevator  Ani,  Levator  ani — e.  Labii  inferio- 
ris,  Levator  labii  inferioris  —  e.  Labii  superioris 
proprius,  Levator  labii  superioris  proprius  —  e. 
Labiorum  communis,  Levator  anguli  oris  —  e. 
Oculi,  Rectus  superior  oculi — e.  Patientiffi,  Leva- 
tor scapula  —  8.  Scapula,  Levator  scapulEe  —  e. 
Testiculi,  Cremaster  —  e.  UrethriB,  see  Trans  ver- 
sus perinai. 

Elevator,  Common.  This  is  a  mere  lever,  the 
end  of  which  is  somewhat  bent  and  made  rough, 
in  order  that  it  may  less  readily  slip  away  from 
the  portion  of  bone  which  is  to  be  raised.  The 
instrument  is  used,  by  forming  a  fulcrum  for  it, 
either  on  the  hand  which  holds  it,  or  upon  the 
fingers  of  the  other  hand ;  or  by  making  a  fixed 
point  for  it  on  the  edge  of  the  opening  made  with 
the  trephine. 

Elevator  of  Louis  differed  from  the  last  only 
in  the  circumstance  of  the  screw-peg  being  united 
to  the  bridge  by  a  kind  of  pivot  instead  of  hinge, 
so  that  greater  extent  of  motion  was  permitted. 

Elevator  of  Petit  consists  of  a  lever  mounted 
on  a  handle,  and  straight  throughout  its  whole 
length,  except  at  its  very  end,  which  is  slightly 
curved,  in  order  that  it  may  be  more  conveni- 
ently put  under  the  portion  of  bone  intended  to 
be  elevated.  The  lever  is  pierced  at  various  dis- 
tances from  its  but-end  with  several  holes,  in- 
tended for  the  reception  of  a  movable  screw-peg, 
fixed  on  the  top  of  a  kind  of  bridge.  This  part 
of.  the  instrument  consists  of  an  arch,  the  ends 
of  which  are  long,  and  covered  with  small  pads, 
and  on  its  centre  is  the  screw-peg  already  men- 
tioned. By  means  of  these  holes  the  arm  of  the 
lever  can  be  lengthened  at  pleasure. 

Elevator,  Trip'loid,  Vectis  triploVdes.  This 
was  so  called  from  its  consisting  of  three  branches, 
uniting  above  in  one  common  trunk.  The  latter 
part  was  traversed  by  a  long  screw,  having  below 
a  kind  of  hook,  and  above  a  handle  for  turning 
it.  By  turning  the  screw,  the  hook  was  drawn 
up,  and  the  bone  thus  elevated. 

The  simple  lever  is  the  only  one  now  used, 
owing  to  the  want  of  facility  and  advantages  in 
the  use  of  the  others. 

ELEVE  EXTERNE,  see  House-surgeon  — e. 
Interne,  House-surgeon. 

ELEVURES  {¥.),  Effloi-escenticB.  A  generic 
name,  including  all  the  exanthemata,  in  which 
there  is  tumefaction  of  the  tissue  of  the  skin. 
See  Exanthem. 

ELTASTER.  Ilech. 

ELICIIRYSUM,  Solidago  virgaurea — e.  Mon- 
tannm,  Antennaria  dioica. 
ELTCOIDES,  Capreolaris. 
ELTGMA.  Eclectos., 
ELIQUATIO,  Colliquation. 
SLIXA'TIO,    Epse'sis,   from  elixus,  'boiled,' 
'sodden.'      This  word   has    been   used    S3''nony- 
mously  with  Decoction.     The  act  of  boiling. 

ELIX'IR,  hrr,  Mr,  Quelles,  Alex'ir.  The 
etymology  of  this  word  is  not  clear.  Lemery 
derives  it  from  s'Xku),  'I  extract;'  and  also  from 


aXefu,  'I  aid.'  Others  believe  it  to  be  from  Ara- 
bic, al-ecsir,  or  al-eksir,  '  chymistry.'  An  elixir 
is  a  medicine  composed  of  various  substances 
held  in  solution  in  alcohol.  The  name  has  been 
used,  however,  for  preparations,  which  contaan 
no  spirit  of  wine. 

Elixir  Ac"idum  Halleri  seu  Dippel'ii, 
Elixir  Antipoday'ricuw,  E.  Antiiiephret'tcum,  E. 
Sulphxi'rico-ac"idum,  Gutta:  nc"idcB  ton'ica,  Aqna 
Rabe'lii,  Liquor  ac"idus  Halleri,  Jlfistu'ra  sid- 
2}htt'rico-ac"ida,  uEther  sulphu'riciis  ac"idtis, 
Ac"idum  sidphu'rieum  alcooliia'ttun,  A.  vitriol'- 
icum  viiio'sian,  Al'eoJwl  Sulphurica'tum,  A.  Sul- 
pJiu'rictim,  is  a  mixture  of  concentrated  sulphuric 
acid  and  alcohol; — in  the  Eau  de  Rahel,  of  one 
part  of  the  former  to  three  of  the  latter.  It  is 
employed  as  an  astringent  in  hemorrhages,  &c. 

Elixir  Aloes,  Tinctura  aloes  composita — e. 
Anthelminticum  Succorum,  Tinctura  jalapii  com- 
posita. 

Elixir,  Anti-Asthmat'ic,  of  Boerhaave. 
This  elixir  is  composed  of  alcohol,  aniseed,  cam- 
phor, orris,  asarabncca  root,  calamns  aromaticus, 
liquorice,  and  elecampane.  It  is  given  in  asthma, 
in  the  dose  of  20  or  30  drops. 

Elixir  AxTiHYPOcHOXDRiACUjr,  Tinctura  cin- 
chonse  amara  —  e.  Antinephreticum,  E.  acidum 
Halleri — e.  Aperitivum,  Tinctura  aloes  composita. 
Elixir,  x^NTiscROP'uLoas  of  Peteilhe  ;  com- 
posed of  weak  alcohol,  suhcarhonate  of  potasna, 
and  gentian  root.  It  is  administered  in  scrofula. 
Elixir,  Boerhaave's,  see  Tinctura  Aloes  com- 
posita. 

Elixir,  Carmixative,  of  Sylvius,  Tinctura 
carminativa  Sylvii  —  e.  Daify's,  Tinctura  senna? 
comp.  —  e.  Danorum,  E.  pectorale  regis  Danise — 
e.  Foetidum,  Tinctura  castorei  composita  —  e.  of 
Garus,  Tinctura  de  croco  composita — e.  Guaiaci 
volatilis,  Tinctura  Guaiaci  ammoniata  —  e.  Jala- 
pse  compositum,  Tinctura  jalapii  composita  —  e. 
of  Long  Life,  Tinctura  aloes  composita— e.  de 
Longue  vie,  Tinctura  aloes  composita — e.  d'Or  de 
M.  le  General  de  la  Ifotte,  Tinctura  seu  Alcohol 
sulfurico  -  Eethereus  —  e.  Paregoric,  Edinburgh, 
Tinctura  opii  ammoniata — e.  Paregoricum,  Tinc- 
tura camphorse  composita  —  e.  Pectorale  dulce, 
E.  pectorale  regis  Danite. 

Elixir  Pectora'le  Regis  Da'ni^,  Ehx'irBa- 
no'rum,  E.  Ringelman'ni,  E.  ex  succo  Ghjcyrrhi'za, 
E.  pectora'le  duVce,  E.e  succo  liquirit"i<B:  [Slice, 
glycyrrhiz,  p.  1 ;  Aq.  Fcenicul.  p.  2.  Alcohol  am- 
moniat.  p.  6.  A  formula  in  many  of  the  Pharma- 
copoeias of  continental  Europe.)  With  the  addi- 
tion of  opium  it  constitutes  the  Elixir  ammoni- 
ato-njiia'tnm,  Extractum  theba'icicm  ammoniaca'le 
of  some  Pharmacopoeias. 

Elixir  Proprietatis,  Tinctura  aloej  compo- 
sita—  e.  Purgans,  Tinctura  jalapii  composita — e. 
Radcliffc"s,  see  Tinctura  aloes  composita — e.  Rhej 
dulce,  Yinum  rhej  palmati  — e.  Ringelmanni,  E. 
]iectorale  regis  Daniaj  —  e.  Roborans  Whyttii, 
Tinctura  einchona3  amara  —  e.  Saei-um,  Tinctura 
rhej  et  aloes  —  e.  Salutis,  Tinctura  senna)  comp. 
— e.  Squire's,  see  Tinctura  camphorse  composita 

—  e.  Stomaehicum,  Tinctura  gentiantc  composita 

—  e.  Stomachicus  spirituosus,  Tinctura  einchopa} 
amara  —  e.  Stoughton's,  see  Tinctura  gentiana; 
composita — e.  ex  Succo  gl.ycyrrhizaj,  E.  pectorale 
regis  Danicc — e.  ex  Succo  liquiritise,  E.  pectorale 
regis  Danorum — e.  Sulphurico-acidum,  E.  acidum 
Halleri  —  e.  Traumaticum,  Tinctura  Benzoin: 
composita. 

Elixir  Vit^  of  Mathi'olus  ;  composed  of 
alcohol  and  22  aromatic  and  stimulating  sub- 
stances.    It  was  formerly  employed  in  epileps}% 

Elixir  op  Vitriol,  Sulphuric  acid,  dilute  —  (< 
Vitrioli,  Sulphuricum  acidum  aromaticum  —  e. 
Vitrioli  acido-aromaticum,  Sulphuricum  ac'iuw 


ELIXIRIUM 


318 


EMBAMMA 


Rromaticum — -e.  Vitrioli  dulce,  Spiritus  setheris 
iiromaticus,  Sulphuricum  acidum  aromaticum  — 
c.  Vitrioli  Edinburgensium,  Sulphuricum  acidum 
aromaticum — e.  Vitrioli  Mynsichti,  Sulphuricum 
acidum  aromaticum — e.  of  Vitriol,  sweet,  Spiritus 
aitheris  aromaticus — e.  Vitrioli  cum  tinctura  aro- 
matic§,,  Sulphuricum  acidum  aromaticum — e.  of 
Vitriol,  Vigani's,  Spiritus  astheris  aromaticus — e. 
Whyttii,  Tinctura  cinchonas  amara. 

ELIXIRIUM  ANTISEPTICUM  DOCTORIS 
CHAUSSIER,  Tinctura  cinchonas  setherea  com- 
pos! ta. 

ELIXIS,  Eclectos. 

ELIXIVIATION,  Lixiviation. 

ELK,  Cervus  alces— e.  Bark,  Magnolia  macro- 
phylla — e.  Tree,  Andromeda  arborea — e.  Wood, 
Andromeda  arborea.  Magnolia  macrophylla. 

ELLEBORASTER,  Helleborus  foetidus. 

ELLEBORE,  Dracontium  fcetidum. 

ELLEBORISMUS,  Helloborismus. 

ELLEBORUM  ALBUM,  Vcratrum  album. 

ELLEBORUS  ALBUS,  Veratrum— e.  Niger, 
Helleborus  niger. 

ELLIPTIC,  Oval. 

ELLYCHNIO'TOS,  from  tWvxviov,  'the  wick 
of  a  lamp.'  A  sort  of  tent,  used  bj'  the  ancient 
Burgeons,  so  called  because  it  was  shaped  like  a 
wick,  or  because  it  was  made  of  a  similar  material. 

ELM,  COMMON,  Ulmus— e.  Red,  Ulmus  Ame- 
ricana—  e.  Rough-leaved,  Ulmus  Americana — e. 
Slippery,  Ulmus  Americana. 

ELMINTHOCORTON,  Corallina  Corsicana. 

ELO'DES,  Helo'des,  Paludal,  Marshy,  (F.)  Ma- 
recac/eux:  Fehria  elo'des  seu  helo'des  sou  palii- 
do'sa,  Helnp'yra,  Helopyr'etos,  from  'tXog,  '  a 
marsh,'  and  uios,  'resemblance.'  Marsh  fever. 
(P.)  Fievre  interniittente  paludeenne,  Fi^vre  palu- 
deenne.  Also,  a  kind  of  fever,  characterized  by 
great  moisture  or  sweating. 

ELOME,  Orpiment. 

ELONGA'TION,  Parathro'ma,  Elonga'tio, 
from  elongare,  (e,  and  loiupis,)  '  to  lengthen,'  '  ex- 
tend.' An  incomplete  luxation,  in  which  the 
ligaments  of  an  articulation  are  stretched  and 
the  limb  lengthened,  without  total  luxation.  The 
word  has  also  been  used  for  the  extension  required 
in  the  reduction  of  fractures  and  luxations,  and 
for  the  increased  length  of  limb,  (P.)  AUonge- 
ment,  in  diseases  and  dislocations  of  the  hip-joint. 

ELUTRIATIO,  Decantation,  Elutriation. 

ELUTRIA'TION,  Elutria'tio;  originally  from 
eluo,  (e,  and  luo,  'I  wash,')  'I  wash  away,  I 
rinse.'  In  pharmacy  a  process  by  which  the 
finer  particles  of  a  powder  are  separated  from  the 
coarser.  It  consists  in  diffusing  the  powder  in 
water,  allowing  the  larger  .and  heavier  particles 
to  subside,  and  decantinr/  the  liquor,  that  the 
finer  particles  may  subside. 

ELU'VIES,  same  etymon.  An  inordinate  dis- 
charge of  any  fluid,  and  also  the  fluid  itself.  In 
the  works  of  some  authors  it  is  particularly  ap- 
plied to  the  mucus  which  flows  from  the  vagina 
in  cases  of  leucorrhrea. 

ELUXATION,  Luxation. 

ELYTRATRESIA,  Colpatresia. 

ELYTREURYNTER,  Speculum  Vaginte. 

BLYTRITIS,  Colposis,  Leucorrbaia. 

ELYTROBLENNORRH(EA,Leucorrhcea(va- 
grnal). 

EL'YTROCE'LE,  from  c^vrpov,  'a  vagina  or 
Fheath,' and  Kn^^rj,  '  a  tumour.'  Vogel  has  given 
tills  name  to  vaginal  hernia,  Colpoce' le. 

ELYTRODES  (tunica),  Vaginal  coat  of  the 
lo.sticlc. 

ELYTRCEDE'MA,  Colecede'ma,  Colpccde'ma, 
♦ron:  cXutooi/  'a  vagina  or  sheath,'  and  oiirjfia, 
*  a>dema.'     (Edema  of  the  vagina. 


ELYTROITIS,  Colposis. 

EL'YTRON,  from  cAuco,  'I  involve.'  A  sheath. 
The  vagina.  The  membranes  which  envelope 
the  spinal  marrow  are  called  elytra. 

ELYTRON'CUS,  Elytrophy'ma,  from  {XvTpow, 
'  a  vagina  or  sheath,'  and  oyKog,  '  a  tumour.'  A 
swelling  of  the  vagina. 

ELYTROPAP'PUS  RIIINOCERO'TIS.  A 
South  African  bush,  Aaf.  Ord.  Composita3,  the 
whole  of  which  is  bitter  and  resinous.  The  tops 
of  the  branches,  infused  in  wine  or  brandy,  mai-'i 
excellent  bitters.  The  tops  are  also  given  in 
powder  to  children  affected  with  diarrhoea. 

ELYTROPHYMA,  Elytroncus. 

ELYTROPTOSIS,  Prolapsus  vaginaj. 

ELYTRORRHAGIA.  Colporrhagia. 

ELYTROR'RHAPIIY,  Elytrorrhaj^h'ia  ;  Col- 
por'rhriphy,  Kolpor'rhaphy ;  from  i.\vTpov,  '  tiic 
vagina,'  and  pa(pri,  'a  suture.'  The  operation  of 
closing  the  vagina  by  suture  in  cases  of  prociden- 
tia uteri. 

EM  and  EN,  ev,  'in,  into,  within.'  Also  'ex- 
cess ;' — frequently  used  in  this  last  sense  by  Dr. 
Good.  A  common  prefix,  generally  answering  to 
the  prefixes  im  and  in,  in  English.  In  composi- 
tion, before  (i,  v,  <p,  -J/,  and  fi,  the  v  is  changed 
into  ii;  before  y,  k,  |,  and  Xi  intoy;  before  A, 
into  >,  and  before  p  generally  into  p. 

EMACIATE,  Ifaces'cere,  Tabes' cere,  (F.) 
Amaigrir.  To  lose  flesh,  to  become  lean,  to 
waste  away. 

EMACIA'TION,  Emacia'tio,  from  emacinre, 
(e,  and  maeeo,  'to  be  lean,)  'to  grow  lean.'  Ese^ 
tenua'tio,  JIa'cies,  Jfacritu'do,  Macror,  3farco'~ 
res,  Slceleti'a,  Leptysm'ns,  Leptyn'sis,  Pingued'- 
inis  diminu'tio,  (F.)  Amaigrissement,  Maigre^ir. 
That  condition  of  the  body,  or  of  a  part  of  the 
body,  in  which  it  grows  lean.  The  state  of  one 
who  is  lean; — Leanness;  Isch'notes. 

JmATL  DES  bents,  Enamel  of  the  teeth. 

£mAILLOTAGE  (F.),  from  maillot,  'swath- 
ing or  swaddling  clothes.'  The  '  wrapping  up,'  or 
'  packing  up'  in  dry  or  wet  sheets,  which  is  prac- 
tised in  hydropathic  establishments  to  induce 
sweating. 

EMANA'TION,  Emana'tio,  Efflu'vitm,  from 
enianare,  (e,  and  manare,)  'to  issue  or  flow  from.' 
The  term  is  applied  to  a  body  which  proceeds  or 
draws  its  origin  from  other  bodies ;  such  as  the 
light  which  e7Han«ies  from  the  sun  j  the  miasnia 
which  arise  from  the  putrid  decomposition  of  ani- 
mal or  vegetable  substances,  Ac.     See  Miasm. 

EMAN'SIO  MEN'SIUM,  from  e,  and  manere, 
'to  stay.'  This  term  has  been  applied  to  amc- 
norrhoea  or  obstruction  of  the  menses  before  they 
have  been  established.  Some  have  used  it  for 
the  retention  which  occurs  even  after  they  have 
been  established.  The  former  is  the  general  ac- 
ceptation. , 

EMARGINATIO,  Echancrure,  Notch. 

EMARGINATURA,  Echancrure,  Notch. 

EMASCULA'TION,  Emascvla'tio,  from  cntoK. 
culare,  (e,  and  mascidus,  'a  male,')  'to  ri;ii(ier 
impotent.'  The  act  of  removing  or  destroying 
the  generative  organs  of  a  male  animal. 

EMASCULATUS,  Castratus,  Eunuch. 

EMBALM'ING,  from  em,  en,  'in,'  and  hnhn- 
miim,  'biilsam.'  Balsama'tio,  Smyrnis'mos,  6V- 
deirt,  Pollinctu'rn,  Nccrocedi'a,  Conditn'ra  C»- 
dar'crum,  (F.)  Embaument,  hnbalsamati'oii.  An 
operation  which  consists  in  impregnating  the 
dead  body  with  substances  capable  of  preventing 
it  from  becoming  putrid,  and  thus  putting  it  in  u 
condition  to  be  preserved. 

EMBAM'MA,  Ajwhani'ma,  liamma,  from  tp- 
Pa-rnui, '  I  immerse'  A  medicatpd  pickle  or  sjunce. 
— Gorraus. 


EMBARRAS 


319 


EMETINE 


EMBARRAS,  Emphraxis. 

EMBARRAS  GASTRIQUE  (F.),  GasU  ic  dis- 
order or  impediment,  CoUu'vies  gas'trica,  Sordes 
primn'rum  via'rum,  Status  c/ns'tricus.  Disorder 
of  the  stomach,  in  which  there  is  loss  of  appetite, 
with  bitterness  and  clamminess  of  mouth,  white 
and  yellow  tongue,  feeling  of  oppression  in  the 
epigastrium,  and  sometimes  pain  in  that  region, 
nausea  and  bilious  or  bitter  vomiting ;  this  state 
being  accompanied  with  headach,  lassitude,  and 
pain  in  the  back  and  limbs. 

Eirn ARRAS  GASTRO-IXTESTINAL,  Gas- 
tro-i litest i' iial  disorder.  Slight  gastro-enteritis, 
according  to  the  Broussaists,  in  which  the  symp- 
toms of  the  Embarras  gastrique  and^fi".  intestinal 
are  united. 

EMBARRAS  INTESTINAL,  Intcs'tinal  dis- 
order. The  principal  characters  assigned  to  this 
are  : — tension  of  the  abdomen,  colic,  borborygmi, 
discharge  of  flatus  jier  aiucm,  constipation  or  diar- 
rhoea, &o. 

EMBARRURE,  Engisoma. 

EMBA  UMENT,  EnTbalmiug. 

EMBOi  TEMENT  (F.).  '  Encasing,'  from  em, 
'in,'  and  ho'ite,  'a  box.'  Enadeljih' ia.  This 
term  has  been  applied  to  the  theory  of  generation 
which  considers  that  the  germs  are  encased  in 
each  other  in  the  ovary  of  the  female,  in  such 
sort  that  they  are  developed  in  succession  after 
impregnation.  It  is  the  theory  of  encaiing  of 
gernis,  or  oi  monstrosity  hy  inclusion. 

EilBOiTJJRE,  Diarthrosis. 

EM'BOLE,  from  tfifiaW^^,  'I  put  in  place.' 
Reduction  of  a  luxated  bone.    Reposit"io. 

EMBOLIMOS,  Intercalary. 

EMBOLUM  CEREBRI,  "infundibulum  of  the 
brain. 

EMBONPOINT,  ( F. )  'In  good  point  or 
plight.'  Bona  cor'poris  habitu'do.  The  state 
of  the  animal  body  when  in  full  health.  Exces- 
sive embonpoint  constitutes  corpulence  and  obe- 
sity, and  may  become  a  morbid  condition. 

EMBONPOINT  EXCESSIF,  Polysarcia  adi- 

EMBORISMA.  Aneurism. 

EMBROCATIO,  Embrocation,  Irrigation. 

EMBROCA'TION,  Embroca'tio,  Emhreg'ma, 
Em'broche.,  fmplu'vium,  from  ziJLppf)(ti),  'I  sprinkle.' 
A  fluid  application  to  be  rubbed  on  any  part  of 
the  body.  It  is  often  used  synonymously  with 
liniment.  Originally  it  was  employed  in  the 
sense  of  Fomentation. 

Embrocation,  Guestonian,  see  Oleum  Terebin- 
thina?  rectificatum. 

EMBROCHE,  Embrocation. 

EMBRYEMA,  Embrocation. 

EM'BRYO,  Em'bryon,  from  tv,  'in,'  and  /?puw, 
'  I  grow.'  Oye'ma.  The  fecundated  germ,  in  the 
early  stages  of  its  development  in  utero.  At  a 
certain  period  of  its  increase,  the  name  foetus  is 
given  to  it,  but  at  what  period  is  not  determined. 
Generally,  tiie  embryo  state  is  considered  to  ex- 
tend to  the  period  of  quickening. 

EMBRYO C'TONY,  Foetits  triicida'tio,  from 
t_ft3pvov,  'the  embryo,'  und  k-ovo^,  'destruction.' 
The  act  of  destroj'ing  a  fcetus  in  utero,  when  in- 
surmountable obstacles  —  as  certain  deformities 
of  the  pelvis — oppose  delivery. 

EMBRYOG'RAPHY,  Embryogra'phia,  from 
t-lilipvov,  'the  otnbr3'o,'  and  ypatptj,  '  a  description.' 
The  part  nf  anntomy  which  describes  the  embryo. 

EMBRYOL'OGY,  Embryolog"ia,  from  t/^/Spoi/,' 
'the  embryo,'  and  Aoyo?,  'a  description.  The 
doctrine  of  embryonic  development. 

EMBRYON'IC,  Embryon'icus,  (F.)  Eml>-yo- 
niq^uc,  Emhryonnairc;  same  etymon  as  embryo. 


Relating   or   appertaining  to  an  embryo  ;  -  ■  as 
'  embryonic  life.' 

EMBR  YONIQ  UE,  Embryonic. 

EMBR  YONNAIRE,  Embryonic. 

EMBRYOTHLAS'TA,  EmhryotJdaa'tes,  Ern- 
bryothlas'tum,  (F.)  Embryofome,  from  ejiiSovov, 
'the  embryo,'  and  S'Xaui,  '  I  break.'  An  instru- 
ment for  dividing  the  foetus  piecemeal,  in  order 
to  effect  delivery.  A  crotchet  or  other  instru- 
ment, used,  in  certain  cases  of  laborious  parturi- 
tion, to  break  the  bones  of  the  foetus,  for  the 
purpose  of  extracting  them  with  greater  facility. 
— Hippocrates.  Galen. 

EMBRYOTOCIA,  Abortion. 

EMBR  YOTOiME,  Embryothlasta 

EMBRYOT'OMY,  Embryotom'ia,  from  ciiPpvc. 
'an  embryo,'  and  r£^(V£iv,  'to  cut.''  A  division  i.f 
the  fostus  into  fragments,  to  extract  it  by  piooe- 
meal,  when  the  narrowness  of  the  pelvis  or  other 
faulty  conformation  opposes  delivery. 

EMBRYOT'ROPHY,  Embryotroj^h'ia,  from 
cjxPpvov,  '  the  embryo,' and  rpo0)?,  'nourishment.' 
Foetal  nutrition  ;   Cyoi'rophy. 

EMBRYUL'CIA,  Er.'brynstemrcia,  from  tfi- 
Ppvov,  'embryo,  foetus,' .md  tX/v-u,  'I  extract,'  'I 
draw.'  A  surgical  operation,  by  which  the  foetus 
is  extracted  by  means  of  appropriate  instruments, 
when  faulty  conformation  or  other  circunstoncci? 
prevent  delivery  by  the  natural  efforts. 

EMBRYUL'CUS,  Elcns'ter,  same  etymon.  An 
iron  hook  or  crotchet,  described  by  Fahricius  a.b 
Aquapendente,  vhich  was  used  to  extract  the 
fcetus  in  some  cases  of  laborious  labour. 

EMBRYUSTERULCIA,  Embryulcia. 

EMENDANS,  Corrigent. 

EM  ERA  UDE,  Smaragdus. 

EMESIA,  Vomiturition. 

EMESIS,  Vomiting. 

EMETATROPH'IA,  from  f/zju,  'I  vomit,'  and 
arpo(pia,  '  want  of  nourishment.'  Atrophy  induced 
by  vomiting. 

EMETIA,  Emetine. 

EMET'IC,  Emet'icum,  Vomito'rium,  Vom'itory, 
Vomit,  Puke,  from  tueia,  '  I  vomit.'  A  substance 
capable  of  producing  vomiting.  (F.)  Emetiqut. 
[This  term  is  also  restricted  by  the  Fnmch  to 
tartarized  antimony  —  the  emetic,  as  it  were,  par 
excellence.^      Vomitif. 

Tartarized  antimony,  emetine,  ipeeaciianha, 
and  sulphate  of  zinc,  are  the  chief  emetics. 
They  are  valuable  agents  in  disease,  and  m;tj 
either  act  primarily  on  the  stomach,  or  seconda- 
rily on  other  parts  of  the  system,  • —  the  sym- 
pathy between  the  stomach  and  other  parts  of 
the  body  being  very  extensive,  and  an  impor- 
tant object  of  study. 

The  following  are  the  usual  emetics:  —  Anti- 
monii  et  Potassse  Tartras  ;  Cupri  Acetas;  Cupri 
Sulphas;  Emetina;  Gillenia;  Hydrargyri  Sul- 
phas Flavus ;  Ipecacuanha;  Lobelia;  Ssnguina- 
ria;  Scilla ;  Sinapis,  and  Zinci  Sulphas. 

EirETic  Root,  Euphorbia  eorollata — e.  Tartar. 
Antimonium  tartarizatum  —  e\  Weed,  Lobeli.-i 
inflata. 

EMETICOLOGIA,  Emetology. 

EM'ETINB,  Emcti'na,  Emet'ia,  Vom'itine.  A 
vegetable  alkali,  discovered  by  M.  Pelletier  in 
ipecacuanha,  and  to  which  it  owes  its  emetic 
power.  It  is  obtained  from  different  ipecacu- 
anhas, but  chiefly  from  psychot'ria  emet'ien. 
callicoc'ca  ipecacuan'hn,  and  ri'oln  cmet'-ica.  It 
is  in  transparentscales,  of  a  reddish-brown  colour, 
almost  inodorous,  of  a  bitter,  slightly  acrid  tanU  , 
is  unchangeable  in  the  air,  soluble  in  water  anil 
alcohol,  and  insoluble  in  ether.  Three  graica  ■■' 
impure  einetia  or  one  grain  of  pure  are  equal  to  ^ 
18  of  ipecacuanha.     See  Ipecacuanha. 


EMETIQUE 


320 


EMPHYMA 


EJIETIQUE,  Antimonium  tartarizatum, 
Emetic. 

EMETO-CATHAESIS,  see  Emeto-cathartic. 

EM'ETO-CATHAR'TIC,  Em'eto-cathar'ticw, 
from  tfieTos,  'vomiting/  and  (ca^apn/co;,  'a  purga- 
tive.' A  remedy,  which  at  the  same  time  excites 
vomiting  and  purging — Em'eto-eathar'sis. 

EMETOL'OGY,  Emetolo'/'m,  Emeticolo<j"ia, 
frjm  £//£Tof,  'vomiting,'  and  Aoyoj,  '  a  discourse.' 
A  treatise  on  vomiting,  and  on  emetics. 

E.M'INENCE,  Eminen'tia,  ProUtheran'tia,Ex'- 
oclie,  Ej-aathe' ma.  A  projection  at  the  surface 
of  a  healthy  or  diseased  organ. 

EMINENCE  PORTE  A.NTER1EURE,  Lo- 
))ulus  anonymus  —  e.  Porte  posterieurc,  Lobulus 
Spigelii — e.  Sxis-pnhienne,  Mons  veneris. 

EMINENCES  BIGEMINEES,  Quadrigemi- 
I'.a  corpora  —  e.  Laterales,  Corpora  olivaria  —  e. 
Piiramidales,  Corpora  pyramidalia  —  e.  Vermi- 
ftn-mes  du  cervelet,  Vermiformes  processus. 

EMINENTIA,  Protuberantia  —  e.  Annularis, 
Pons  varolii — e.  Pyramidalis,  Crista  vestibuli — e. 
Tvmpani,  Pvramid. 

"EMINEKTI^  BIGEMIX^,  Quadrigemina 
tubercula — e.  Candieantes,MammiHary  Tubercles 
—  e.  Lentieulares,  Corpora  striata — e.  Magnse 
cerebri,  Thalami  nervorum  opticorum  —  e.  Medi- 
anaj  Internge,  Corpora  pyramidalia^ — -e.  Olivares, 
Corpora  olivaria — e.  OvalesLaterales,  Corpora  oli- 
varia— e.  Pyramidales,  Corpora  pyramidalia — e. 
Quadrigemina;,  Quadrigemina  tubercula  —  e.  Te- 
retes,  Processus  teretes. 

EMISSAIRE,  Emunctory. 

EMISSA'EIA  SANTOIli'XI.  A  name  given 
to  some  small  veins,  which  communicate  with  the 
sinuses  of  the  dura  mater,  by  apertures  in  the 
cranium.  Such  are  the  parietal,  posterior  con- 
dyloid, mastoid  veins,  &c. 

EMISSIO,  Emission  —  e.  Semiuis,  Sperma- 
tismus. 

EMIS'SIOX,  Emis'sio,  from  emittere,  (e,  and 
mlttere,)  'to  send  out,'  'drive  out.'  The  act  by 
which  any  matter  whatever  is  thrown  from  the 
body.  Thus,  we  say  Eminsion  of  urine,  Emission 
of  Heinen,  &c. 

EMISSION  SANGUINE,  Bloodletting. 

EMMEN'AGOGUES,  Emmenai/o'ya,  Emmeni- 
agi>'(ja,  Ame'nia,  from  £ij/.u]va,  'the  menses,'  and 
ayu,  '  I  drive,'  or  '  expel.'  Men'agofjucs.  A  name 
given  to  medicines  believed  to  have  the  power  of 
favouring  the  discharge  of  the  menses.  There 
is  probably  no  substance  which  possesses  this 
power  directly.  According  to  diiTerent  condi- 
tions of  the  system,  the  most  opposite  reme- 
dies may  act  as  emmenagogues.  Black  helle- 
bore, savin,  madder,  jyolyrjala  senega,  and  ergot, 
are  reputed  to  be  specific  emmenagogues.  The 
following  list  comprises  the  chief  of  them:  — 
Cunila  Pulegioides  ;  Helleborus  Xiger;  Mentha 
Pulegium;  Rosmarinus:  Rubia;  Sabinaj  Secale 
Cornutum  ;  Senega,  and  Tanacetum. 

EMMENAGOLOG"IA,  from  cuixnvayuiya,  and 
}oyog,  '  discourse.'    A  treatise  of  emmenagogues. 

EMMENIA,  Menses. 

EMMENIAGOGA,  Emmenagogues. 

EMMENOLOG"IA  fiom  tf.iiiriva,  'menses,' 
and  \oyoi,  'a  discourse.'  A  treatise  on  men- 
struation. 

EMMENOLOG"ICAL,  Emmenolog"icns:  same 
etymon  as  the  last.  Relating  or  appertaining  to 
menstruation. 

EMMYXIUM  ARTICULARE,  Hydrarthrus. 

EMOLLIENTIA,  Emollients. 

EMOL'LIENTS,  Emollien'tia,  Malthac'tiea, 
t.lehijr,An'tiu,  Epiceras'tica,  3falnc'tira,  Luhri- 
i:an  tia,  Malacopve'a,  Mollicn'tin,  fi'om  emoUire, 
ic,  and  rhollire,  'to  soften.')     Substances  which 


relax  and  soften  parts  that  are  inflamed,  or  too 
tense.  They  are  used  both  internally  and  exter- 
nally: as  the  former,  however,  consist  of  muci- 
laginous substances,  they  are  generally  reckoned 
as  demulcents :  the  latter,  or  proper  emollients, 
consist  of  oils,  cataplasms,  fomentations,  &e. 
Oleaginous  bodies,  rubbed  on  a  part,  act  by  di- 
minishing its  cohesion.  Fomentations,  in  cases 
of  internal  inflammation,  act  probably  through 
contiguous  sympathy.  The  following  are  the 
chief  emollients  :  —  Adeps  ,•  Amj'gdalce  Oleum; 
Avena3  Farina;  Cera;  Cetaceum;  Linum  ;  Olivse 
Oleum  ;  Sesamum  ;  Tritici  Farina,  and  Ulmux. 

EMOLLITIES,  Mollities— e.  Morbosa,  MoUi- 
ties — e.  Ossium,  Mollities  ossium — e.  Uteri  Mor- 
bosa, Ilysteromalacia. 

EMOLLITIO,  Mollities— e.  Ventriculi,  Gastro- 
malacia. 

EMONCTOIRE,  Emunetor3^ 

EMOPTOE,  Ilajmoptysis. 

EMOTIO,  Delirium,  Luxation,  Passion. 

EMO'TIONAL,  from  emotio,  (e,  'from,'  and 
moveo,  motus,  '  to  move.')  Relating  to  emotion 
or  passion  independently  of  the  will:  —  hence  an 
'  emotional  or  instinctive  impulse.' 

EMPASMA,  Catapiasma. 

EMPATEMENT,  from  emjmter,  'to  render 
pasty  or  doughy.'  A  non-inflammatory  engorge- 
ment, which  retains,  more  or  less,  the  impression 
of  the  finffer. 

EMPATIIE'MA,  Ma'nia  a  pallie'mnte,  (F.) 
Manie  sans  delirc ;  ungovernable  passion  ;  from 
£/i,  or  tv,  '  in/  and  va^os,  '  suffering.'  Fixed  de- 
lusion. 

EMPEIRIA,  Experience. 

EMPETRUM,  Herniaria  glabra. 

EM'PHLYSIS,  from  tfi,  or  tv,  'in,'  and  i/iAuo-i?, 
' a  vesicular  tumour  or  eruption  /  Ich'oroua  Eu- 
an'them.  An  eruption  of  vesicular  pimples,  filled 
progressively  with  an  acrid  and  colourless,  or 
nearly  colourless,  fluid ;  terminating  in  scurf  or 
laminated  scabs.  A  genus  in  the  order  Exantlic- 
maticu,  class  Ilani'itita  of  Good. 

Emphlysis  Ai'HTIIA,  A])htha3,  Stomatitis,  aph- 
thous—  e.  Erysipelns,  Erysipelas  —  e.  Miliaria, 
Miliary  fever  —  e.  Pemphigus,  Pemphigus  —  e. 
Vaccina  inserta,  Vaccina — e.  Varicella,  Varicella. 

EMPHRACTIC,  Emphracticus. 

EMPHRACTICA,  Physconia. 

EMPHRACTICUS,  Emphrac'tlc,  from  f/.0p«r- 
ru),  'I  close,'  'I  obstruct.'  Emplas'ticvs,  Emjjlat. 
tom'enos.  Any  substance  which,  when  applied  to 
the  skin,  was  presumed  to  close  the  pores. 

EMPHRAG'MA,  same  etymon.  Ohtnramen'- 
tnm,  Impjedimen'tum.  Anything  that  obstructs. 
Hippocrates  uses  this  term  to  designate  the  ob- 
stacle to  delivery  on  the  part  of  the  foetus,  when 
the  presentation  is  preternatural. 

EMPHRA<5:\rA  Lachrymale,  Fistula  lachryma- 
lis- — e.  Salivare,  Ranula. 

EMPHRAX'IS,  Ohstrnc'tio,  Ohtnra'tio,  Oppi- 
la'tio,  Infarc'tus,  Earctiia,  Partus.  Same  etymon. 
'  Obstruction.'  An  Emharras  or  repletion  of  ca- 
nals or  cavities  by  any  substance,  which  is  cither 
morbid  from  quantity  or  qualitj'. 

Emphhaxis  IIepatis,  Hepatomphraxis. 

EMPHYMA,  Tumour— e.  Encystis,  Encysti-i 
— e.  Encystis  atheroma,  Atheroma — e.  Encystis 
ganglion,  Ganglion,  Testudo  —  e.  Encystis  meli- 
ceris,  Meliceris  —  e.  Encystis  steatoma,  Steatoma 
— e.  Exostosis  ossea,  Exostosis — e.  Exostosis  pe- 
riostea, Node — e.  Sarcoma,  Sarcoma — c.  Sarcoma 
adiposum,  Adipose  sarcoma — e.  Sarcoma  celluK.- 
sum.  Cystic  sarcoma — e.  Sarcoma  niammaruni, 
Mammary  sarcoma  —  e.  Sarcoma  pancreaticiuii, 
Pancreatic  sarcoma  —  e.  Sarcoma  scirrhosun-., 
Scirrhous  sarcoma  —  e.  Sarcoma  tubercuiosum, 


EMPHYSEMA 


321 


EMPLASTEUM 


Tuberculate  sarcoma  —  e.  Sarcoma  vasculosum, 
Sarcoma,  vascular. 

EMPIIYSE'MA,  from  CjKpvaata,  {tv,  and  (pva-ao], 
*I  blow,')  'I  inflate.'  Injia'tio,  Empneumato'sis, 
Sarci'tea  flat.uo'sus,  Emphyse'ma  cellula're,  Em- 
physe'via  p>n'^umato'si8,  Physon'cua,  Tumor  flatu- 
len'tiis,  Pneumato'sis,  Injla'tion,  Wind-dropsi/, 
(F.)  EmpJiyseme.  This  term  is  commonly  applied 
to  any  white,  crepitant,  shining,  clastic,  indolent 
tumour,  caused  by  the  introduction  of  air  into  the 
areolar  texture.  Injuries  of  the  larynx,  trachea, 
or  lungs ;  fractures  of  the  ribs,  or  wounds  pene- 
trating the  chest,  are  the  most  frequent  causes  of 
this  affection,  which  is  owing  to  the  air  escaping 
from  the  air-passages  and  insinuating  itself  into 
the  areolar  texture  surrounding  the  wound. 
Therg  are  some  cases  of  emphysema,  which  are 
owing  to  internal  causes  j  and  hence  a  division 
has  been  made  into  the  accidental  and  sympto- 
matic, and  the  spontaneous  and  ■idiopathic. 

EjiPHrsEj[A  ABDOJfiNis,  Tympanites. 

EitPHYSE'jiA  OP  THE  LusGS,  E.  Pulmo'num, 
Asthma  aereum  ah  EmpJiyse'mate  Pulmo'num, 
Pneumato' sis  Pulmo'num.,  Pneumonec'tasis,  Pneu- 
mec'tasia,  (P.)  Pneumoectasie,  Emphyseme  dii 
Poumoti.  A  considerable  pressure  or  contusion 
of  the  chest,  or  any  violent  concussion  of  the 
lung,  may  produce  a  laceration  in  that  viscus, 
without  injury  being  done  to  the  parietes  of  the 
thorax,  and  may  give  place  to  the  infiltration  of 
air  into  the  areolar  texture,  interlobular  emphy- 
sema. Laennec  has  described  another  species  of 
emphysema  of  the  lungs.  Vesicular  emphysema, 
consisting  in  excessive  dilatation  of  the  air-cells, 
some  of  which  become  as  large  as  hemp-seed,  ul- 
timately break,  and  give  rise  to  irregular  vesicles 
at  the  surface  of  the  lung,  some  of  which  are  as 
large  as  a  hazel-nut.  Physical  signs.  The  tbo- 
rax  externally,  generally  or  locally,  appears  un- 
naturally convex  and  prominent.  The  intercos- 
tal spaces  are  widened,  but  depressed.  The 
mspiratory  efforts  are  increased.  The  sound  on 
percussion  is  morbidly  clear,  but  not  tympanitic. 
On  auscultation,  the  inspiratory  murmur  is  feeble 
or  suppressed.  The  expiration,  which  is  more 
frequently  audible  is  prolonged,  laborious  and 
wheezing.  There  are  no  certain  physical  signs 
which  can  distinguish  interlobular  emphysema 
from  the  vesicular. 

V'/odPHYSEMA  Pectoris,  Pneumothorax  —  e. 
Sureii,  Physocele — e.  Tympanites,  Tympanites — 
e.  Uteri.  Hysterophvsis,  Physometra. 

EMPHYSEM'ATOUS,  Emphysemato'sus,-  same 
etymon.    Relating  or  appertaining  to  emphysema. 

EMPHYSEME,  Emphysema— e.  du  Poumon, 
Emphysema  of  the  luncs. 

EMPHYTUM  THERMUM,  Biolychnium. 

EMP'IRIC,  Empi'ricus,  from  tjivnpia,  (ev,  and 
vtipn,  '  a  trial,')  '  experience.'  One  who  follows 
only  experience.  A  sect  of  physicians,  who  re- 
jected all  theory,  and  took  for  their  guide  expe- 
rience alone.  It  was  opjiosed  to  the  dogmatic 
sect.  The  Empiric  sect  prevailed  till  near  the 
time  of  Galen.  Among  its  most  eminent  mem- 
bers, after  Philinus  and  Serapion,  were  Apollo- 
nius,  Glaucias,  Bacchius  of  Tanagra,  and  Zeuxis, 
both  disciples  of  Herophilus, — Heraclides  of  Ta- 
rentum,  Cleophantus,  master  of  Asclepiades,  Me- 
nodotus  of  Nicomedia,  and  Theudas  of  Laodicea. 
They  occupied  themselves,  chiefly,  with  discover- 
ing the  properties  of  drugs,  and  did  important 
service,  in  this  manner,  to  medicine. 

At  the  present  day,  the  word  Empiric  is  only 
taken  in  a  bad  sense,  being  employed  in  nearly 
the  same  signification  as  charlatan  or  quack. 

EMPIRICE,  Empiricism. 

EMPIR'ICISM ;  same  etymon.  Empi'rica 
Ars,  Empii'rice,  (F.)  Empirisme.  Medicine 
21 


founded   on    experience.      It   generally,   at   tli« 
present  day,  signifies  quackery. 

EMPIRISME,  Empiricism. 

EMPLAS'TICUS.  Same  etymon  as  the  next. 
Also,  a  remedy  which  adheres,  as  a  plaster,  to  the 
surface,  and  in  this  manner  may  obstruct  tho 
pores ;  an  emphractic. 

EMPLASTRO-ENDERMIC,  Endermie. 

EMPLAS'TRUM,  from  the  Greek  iiivUrria, 
{tv,  and  T:\aaauv,  'to  form,')  'I  spread  upon,' 
(P.)  Empildtre.  A  solid  and  tenacious  compound, 
adhesive  at  the  ordinary  heat  of  the  human  body. 
Some  of  the  plasters  owe  their  consistence  to  wax 
and  resin;  and  others  to  the  chemical  union  which 
takes  place  between  the  semivitreous  oxide  of  lead 
and  oil.  Most  of  them  become  too  consistent  by 
age.  When  such  is  the  case,  they  may  be  re- 
melted  by  a  gentle  heat,  and  oil  be  added  to  them. 

Emplasteum  AdHjESIVUm,  Emplastrum  resinse 
—  e.  Adhfesivum  Woodstockii,  see  Sparadrapum 
Adhresivum  —  e.  Alexandri,  Alexandrine  —  e.  de 
Althnsa,  Unguentum  de  Althsea. 

Emplastruji  AMiro^^'ACI,  Ammoni' acnm  Plas- 
ter, [Ammoniac,  pur.  ^v,  acidi  acetici  dil.  Oss. 
Dissolve  the  ammoniac  in  the  vinegai-,  and  strain  : 
then  evaporate  the  solution  by  means  of  a  water 
bath,  stirring  constantly  until  it  acqiiires  a  proper 
consistence.  —  Ph.  U.  S.)  It  is  used  as  a  discu- 
tient  plaster. 

Emplastrum  Ammoxi'aci  cum  Hydear'gtro, 
Ammoniacum  plaster  with  mercury  (Ammoniaci 
Ibj,  hydrarg.  §iij,  olei  oliv.  ^],  sulphur,  gr.  viij. . 
Rub  the  mercury  with  the  oil  until  the  globules 
disappear,  then  add  the  ammoniac,  previously 
melted,  and  mix.     Ph.  U.  S. 

Emplastrum  A>T)Re.e  de  Cruce,  E.  de  pice  et 
resinis  glutinans — e.  Anglicum,  see  Spai'adrapum 
adhtesivum. 

Emplastrum  Aromat'icum,  Aromat'ic  Plaster. 
[Thuris  §iij,  cercB  flavm  ^ss,  pidv.  cort.  cinnam. 
^vj,  ol.  ess.  Piment.,  ol.  ess.  Limon.  aa  ^ij.  Melt 
tiie  frankincense  and  wax  together,  and  strain  ; 
then  add,  as  it  cools,  the  cinnamon,  previously 
rubbed  with  the  oils,  and  form  a  plaster.  Ph. 
Dubl.)     Used  as  a  stimulating  plaster. 

A  spice  plaster,  made  bj^  incorporating  pow- 
dered cinnamon  and  any  other  spices  with  melted 
suet,  has  been  used  in  cholera  infantum.  It  is 
spread  on  leather  or  linen,  and  is  renewed  twice 
in  the  twenty-four  hours. 

Emplastrum  Asafce'tiid^,  Asafcctida  plaster, 
E.  antihyster' icum,  [Emp.  plumb.,  Asafcet.,  sing. 
Ibj,  Galban.,  Cera  flavm,  aa  Ibss,  Alcohol,  dilut. 
Oiij.  Dissolve  the  asafoetida  and  galbanum  in 
the  alcohol,  in  a  water  bath,  strain  while  hot,  and 
evaporate  to  the  consistence  of  honey ;  add  the 
lead  plaster  and  wax  previously  melted  together, 
stir  the  mixture  well,  and  evaporate  to  the  proper 
consistence.  —  Ph.  V.  S.)  Used  as  an  antispas- 
modic and  anodyne  plaster. 

Emplastrum  Atteahens,  E.  cerse — e.  Anricu- 
lare,  Hypotium. 

Emplastrum  Bellabon'n^e,  Plaster  of  Bella- 
don'na.  [Ernpl.  resin.  §iij,  Ext.  BeUadon.  ^is3. 
Add  the  extract  to  the  plaster,  previously  melted 
in  a  water  bath,  and  mix. — Ph.  U.  S.) 

Emplastrum  Calefa'ciens,  E.  Picis  cum  can 
thar'ide,  (Ph.  U.  S.,)  Ccdefa'cient  plaster,  Wai-Tit 
pilaster,  (F.)  Empldtre  echauffant.  (Cerat.  can 
tharid.  (Ph.  U.  S.)  Ibss,  Picis  abiet.  Ibiijss.  Melt 
together,  and  form  into  a  plaster.  Ph.  U.  S.) 
It  is  rubefacient  and  stimulant. 

Emplastrum  Cantharidis,  E.  lyttje  —  e.  Can- 
tharidis  vesicatorii  compositum,  E.  lyttae  comi). 
— e.  Cephalicum,  E.  picis  eomp. 

Emplastrum  Cer^e,  E.  simplex,  Wax  plaster, 
E.  At'traTiens.  [CercB  Jlavm,  Sevi  Prmp.  aa  Ibiij, 
resinae  favas  fej.    Melt  them  together  and  straia. 


EMPLASTRUM 


322 


EMPLASTRUM 


Ph.  L.)  It  has  been  considered  drawing.  It  is 
stimulating. 

EltPLASTRUil  Cicu't^,  E.  de  Cicu'td,  E.  coni'i 
macula'tl,  Unguen'tutn  sol'idiim  de  cicu'td,  Ilem- 
loch  planter,  (F.)  Emplatre  de  C'lgu'd.  [ResivcB 
ablet.  960  p.  C'eris  ftciv.  640  p.  Plcis  alhm,  448  p. 
01.  cicuta  per  decoct,  prccjyarat.  128  p.  Fol  cicut. 
recent.  2000  p.  Melt  the  resins,  wax  and  oil; 
add  the  eiouta  leaves,  and  boil ;  strain  and  add, 
after  having  dissolved  it  in  vinegar  of  squills  and 
cicuta  juice,  gam  ammoniac.  500  p.  Ph.  Par.) 
It  is  used  as  a  discutient,  especially  to  scirrhous 
tumours. 

Ejii'lastrum  Citrinum,  Unguentum  de  althasa 
e.  Commune,  E.  Plumbi — e.  Commune  cum  re- 
sina,  E.  resinae — e.  Conii,  E.  cicutee. 

EilPLASTRUM  Cumi'ni,  Cummin  plaster.  {  Cumin, 
semin.,  carui  sem.,  lauri  bacc.  sing,  ^uj,  picis 
aridce  ftiij,  cer(E  flavcB  ^iij.  Melt  the  pitch  and 
wax  together,  then  add  the  other  ingredients. 
Ph.  L.)    It  is  used  as  a  warm,  discutient  plaster. 

Emplastrcm  Diachylon,  Diachylon,  E. plumbi 
— e.  Divinum  Nicolai,  see  Magnet— e.  Emolliens, 
Unguentum  de  althasa — e.  Epispasticum,  E.lyttEC. 

EMPLASTRUM  Eerri,  E.  rob'orans,  Iron  Planter, 
Strength' ening  Plaster.  [Ferri subcarb.  ^iijj  Emp. 
plumbi,  ibij,  Picis  abietis,  Ihss.  Add  the  sub- 
carbonate  of  iron  to  the  lead  plaster  and  Bur- 
gundy pitch  previously  melted  together,  and  stir 
constantly  until  they  thicken  upon  cooling. — Ph. 
U.  S.) 

Emplastrtjm  Ferri  Pi-ubri,  E.  oxidi  ferri 
rubri— e.  Plavum,  Unguentum  de  altheeS. — e.  ad 
Ponticulos,  Ceratum  Galeni. 

Emplastrum  Gal'bani,  Galb'anum  2}^('ster, 
(Empl.  litharg.  ibij,  gum.  galban.  Ihss,  cera  fiava 
giv.  M«lt  the  galbanum  before  adding  the  plas- 
ter and  wax,  then  melt  all  together.  Ph.  D.)  A 
etimulant  and  discutient. 

Emplastrum  Gal'bani  Compos'itum.  E.  U- 
Jiar'gyri  compos'itum.,  Diach'ylon  magnum  cum 
giirnmi.  Compound  galbanum  plaster.  [G alb.  pur. 
^viij,  Emp.  plumbi,  tbiij,  tereb.  vulg.  ^x,  abietis 
resin,  contus.  §iij.  Melt  the  galbanum  and  tur- 
pentine together,  then  mix  in  the  resin,  and  af- 
terwards the  plaster,  previously  melted.  It  is 
stimulant  and  discutient. 

Emplastrum  Glutinosum,  see  Sparadrapum 
adhsesivum — e.  cum  Gummatibus,  E.  gummosum. 

Emplastrum  Gummo'sum,  Gum  plaster,  Em- 
jlastrum  lithar'gi/ri  cum  gummi,  E.  cum,  gummat' - 
ibus,  E.  e  gummat'ibus  resino'sis,  E.  Ox'ydi  Plutnbi 
eemioit'rei  gummo'sum,  Yellow  diach'ylon.  Gum 
diachylon,  Diachylon  cum  gummi.  [Emp.  oxid. 
plumbi  semivitr.  p.  viii,  g.  resin,  ammoniac,  g. 
resin,  bubon.  galban i,  eercB  flavcB,  aa,  p.  i.  Ph.  E.) 
Properties  and  uses  like  the  last. 

Emplastrum  e  Gummatibus  PiESinosis,  E. 
gummosum. 

Emplastrum  cum  Gummi-Resi'nis,  (F.)  Em- 
platre de  gomme  resine,  Diachylon  gomme.  Plas- 
ter of  gum  resins.  (Emplastr.  aimpl.  p.  1600, 
cercB  flavcB,  p.  96,  picis  albcB,  p.  96,  terebinth,  p. 
96.  Melt  by  a  gentle  heat,  and  add  gum  ammo- 
niac, p.  32,  bdellium-  32,  galban.  32,  and  sngape- 
nnm,  p.  32.  Dissolve  in  a  sufficient  quantity  of 
alcohol,  evaporate  to  the  consistence  of  honey, 
and  mix  carefully  all  together.  Ph.  P.)  A  discu- 
tient. 

Ehplastrum  Hvdrar'gyri,  Mercu'rial  plas- 
ter, Emvlastr.  lithar'gyri  cum  hydrar'gyro.  [Hy- 
drarg.  ,^vj,  ol.  olio.,  resin,  aa  ^ij,  emplast. plumbi, 
Ibj.  Melt  the  oil  and  resin  together,  and  when 
cool  rnb  the  mercury  with  them  till  the  globules 
disappear,  then  gradually  add  the  lead  plaster, 
jireviously  melted,  and  mix  all.  Ph.  U-  S.)  It  is 
»:timulant.  resolvent,  and  discutient.  Applied  as 
u  (liscuticut  to  ,-enereal  ii':d  other  tumours. 


Emplastrum  Hydrar'gyri  Compos'itum,  E. 
de  hydrar'gyro  compos'itum,  E.  de  Vigo  cum  mer- 
cu'ria  emenda'tum,  Compound  pilaster  of  mer'cury 
{Empl.  simpl.  p.  1250,  cera  flara,  p.  64,  resincB, 
p.  64.  Melt,  and  before  it  congeals  add  pulv.  g. 
ammoniac,  p.  20,  bdellium,  p.  20,  oliban.  p.  20, 
myrrh,  p.  20,  saffron,  p.  12.  Mix  carefullj'. 
Take  of  mercury,  p.  380,  jjiuj-e  iwpentine,  p.  64, 
liquid  and  piurc  storax,  p.  192.  Triturate  in  an 
iron  mortar  till  the  globules  disappear :  melt  all 
together,  and  before  congealing  add  essential  oil 
of  Lavender,  p.  8.  Pharni.  P.)  The  same  pro- 
perties as  the  last. 

Emplastrum  Ichthyocoll^  teljj  inductum, 
see  Sparadrapum  adhajsivum  —  e.  Irritans,  E. 
lyttso  —  e.  Lithargyri,  E.  Plumbi — e.  Lithargyri 
compositum,  E.  galbani  compositum — e.  Lithar- 
gyri cum  gummi,  E.  gummosum  —  e.  Lithargyri 
cum  hydrargyro,  E.  hydrargyri  —  e.  Lithargyri 
cum  resina,  E.  resinaj  —  e.  Lithargj'ricum  cum 
resina  pini,  E.  resinas. 

Emplastrum  Lyttje,  E.  canthar' idis,  E.  cnn- 
tharidis  vesicato'rii,  Plaster  of  the  Spanish  or 
blistering  fly,  Blistering  Plaster,  Fly  Plaster,  E. 
mel'oes  vesicato'rii,  E.  vesicafo'rium,  E.  epispas'- 
tieum,  E.  e  cantharid'ibus  epispas'ticum  solid'ius 
et  tena'eius  harens,  E.  irri'tans,  E.  ruhefi'ons. 
(Cantharides,  in  powder,  Ibj,  Emp.  cerce  tbiss, 
adipis.  prcBP.  tbj.  Melt  the  plaster  and  lard  to- 
gether, and  as  the  mixture  becomes  thick,  on 
cooling,  sprinkle  in  the  flies,  and  mix.  Pharm. 
L.)  This  is  the  common  blistering  plaster.  Too 
much  heat  must  not  be  used  in  its  preparation. 
It  requires  to  remain  on  six  or  eight  hours  before 
its  full  effect  is  induced,  and  it  acts  sufficiently 
well,  provided  even  a  piece  of  thin  gauze  or  tissue 
paper  be  placed  between  it  and  the  skin,  whilst 
absorption  of  the  flies  is  thus  prevented.  See 
Blister.  The  Blistering  Plaster  of  the  Pharma- 
copoeia of  the  United  States,  Cera'tum  Canthar'i- 
dis,  is  made  as  follows: — Cantharid.  in  pulv. 
subtiliss.,  Ibj,  cera  flavcB,  resina,  aa  5vij,  adijiis, 
^x.  To  the  wax,  resin,  and  lard,  previously 
melted,  add  the  Spanish  flies,  and  stir  the  mix- 
ture constantly  until  cool. 

Emplastrum  Lytt^  Compos'itum,  E.  can- 
thar'idis  vesicato'rii  compos'itum,  E.  mel'e'is  vesi- 
cato'rii compos'itum.  Compound  plaster  of  can- 
thar'ides  or  Spanishflies.  [Resin.  Kg.  pini  laricia. 
p.  18,  resina  concret.  2}i'ni  abietis,  meloes  vesical. 
aa  p.  12,  cera  flava,  p.  4,  subacet.  cupri,  p.  ij, 
semin.  sinapis  alb.,  fruct.  pip.  nigr.  aa  p.  j.  Melt 
the  pitch  and  wax,  then  add  the  turpentine,  and 
as  these  cool  sprinkle  in  the  other  substances,  in 
the  form  of  powder,  so  as  to  make  a  plaster. 
Ph.  E.)  The  same  properties  as  the  last,  but 
more  energetic  and  speedy  in  its  action. 

Emplastrum  Meloes  Vesicatorii,  E.lyttas — 
e.  Meloes  vesicatorii  comp.,  E.  lytta?  comp.  —  e. 
Mucilaginosum,  Unguentum  de  althreu  —  e.  Ni- 
grum of  Augsburg,  see  Magnet. 

Emplastrum  Norimbergen'se,  E.  ex  o.v'ido 
plumbi  rubra  camphora' turn,  Emplatre  de  Nurem- 
berg, Nuremberg  plaster,  (  Oxid.  p>lumb.  rubr.  p. 
300,  ol.  oliv.  p.  600,  aqua,  q.  s.  Boil  untU.  the 
oxide  is  dissolved,  and  almost  to  dryness.  Re- 
move the  vessel  from  the  fire  and  add  yellow  wax, 
p.  500.  Put  the  vessel  again  on  the  fire,  and 
after  the  wax  is  melted,  add,  before  it  congeals, 
camphor,  p.  24:  mix.  Ph.  P.)  It  is  considered 
a  desiccative,  and  has  been  employed  in  gan- 
grene. 

Emplastrum  Nygmaticum,  E.  resinas. 

Emplastrum  Opii,  O'pium  Plaster.  [Opii  in 
pulv.  ^ij,  Picis  abiet.  .^iij  ;  emplastr.  plumbi  ftij, 
aq.  hiiUicnt.  f.^iv.  Melt  together  the  lead  plaster 
and  Burgundy  pitch  ;  then  add  the  opium  pre- 
viouslj-  mixed  with  the  water,  and  boil  over  a 


EMPLATRE 


323 


EMPYEMA 


gentle  fire  to  the  proper  consistence. — Pli.  U.  S.) 
It  is  employed  as  an  anodyne,  and  to  give  sup- 
port. 

Emplastrfji  Ox'idi  Ferri  Rdbri,  E.  Ferri 
ruhri,  E.  Rob'orans,  Plaster  of  red  oxide  of  iron, 
Strengthening  plaster.  {Empl.  oxid.  i^lumh.  semi- 
vitr.  p.  xxiv,  rcsince  pin.  p.  vi,  cera  flavm,  olei 
olecB  Europ.  sing.  p.  iij,  oxidi  ferri  rubr.  p.  viij. 
Rub  the  red  oxide  of  iron  with  the  oil,  and  add 
the  other  ingredients  melted.  Ph.  E.)  It  is 
employed  as  a  strengthening  plaster. 

Emplastritm  ex  Oxido  plumbi  semititreo, 
E.  plumbi — e.  Oxidi  plumbi  semivitrei,  E.  plumbi 
— e.  Oxidi  plumbi  semivitrei  gummosum,  E.  gum- 
mosum. 

Emplastrum  Pn(ENiCEU5r,  Diapalma — e.  ex 
Oxido  plumbi  rubro  compositum,  E.  Norimber- 
gense. 

EiTPLASTRUM  Picis  Burgun'dic.c,  Emplastrum 
Picis,  Burgundy  Pitch  Plaster,  Pitch  Plaster, 
{Picis  Burgund.  fbvj ;  cercB  flav(B,  Tbss.— Ph.  U.  S.) 

EiiPLASTRUsr  Picis  CoMPOS'iTuir,  E.  cephaV- 
icum,  Cephal'ic  plaster,  Compionnd  pitch  pdaster. 
(Picis  arid,  tbij,  abietis  resincB  ftj,  resinm  flavcB, 
ceras  fiacm,  aa  5iv,  myrist.  ol.  §j,  ol.  oliv.,  aqua, 
aa  f^ij.  To  the  pitch,  resin,  and  veax,  melted 
together,  add  the  other  matters  and  mix.  Ph.  L.) 
It  is  stimulant  and  rubefacient.  Sometimes  used 
in  headach,  —  applied  to  the  temples.  See  De- 
pilatory. 

Emplastrum  Picis  cum  Cantharide,  E.  Ca- 
lefaciens. 

Emplastrum  de  Pice  et  Resi'nts  Glu'ti- 
NANS,  E.  AndrecB  de  Cruce,  Empldtre  d' Andre  de 
la  Croix,  E.  collant  de  poix  et  de  resines,  Adhe- 
sive plaster  of  pitch  and  resins.  (Picis  cdbcs,  p. 
12S,  resin  elemi,  p.  32,  terebinth,  pur.  p.  16,  ol. 
laur.  p.  16.  Melt  with  a  gentle  heat,  and  pass 
through  linen.  Ph.  P.)  Used  in  contusions  and 
fractures  as  a  support. 

Emplastrum  Plumbi,  E.  lythar'gyri,  E,  com- 
mu'ne,  E.  diach'ylum,  E.  ox'idi  plumbi  semivi'- 
trei,  E.  ex  oxido  plumbi  semivitreo,  Diach'ylon 
simplex,  White  Diach'ylon,  Lead  plaster,  Biach'- 
ylon  plaster.  [Plumbi  oxid.  semivitr.  in  pulv.  R)v, 
olei  oliv.,  cong.,  aqucB  Oij.  Boil  together  over  a 
slow  fire,  stirring  constantly  until  the  oil  and 
oxide  of  lead  cohere.     Ph.  U.  S.) 

Emplastrum  Polychrestum,  E.  resinee. 

Emplastrum  Resi'n.«,  E.  adhmsi'vum,  E.  li- 
fhar'gyri  cum  resi'nd,  E.  resino'sum,  E.  nygmat'- 
icum.  Resin  plaster,  Adhe'sive  or  Sticking  jjlaster, 
Emplastrum  commu' ne  cum  resi'nd,  E.  Polychres'- 
tum,  E.  lithargyr'icum  cum  resi'nd  pini.  (Resin. 
Jfess.  emp.  plumb.  Ibiij.  IMelt  the  plaster,  with  a 
gentle  heat,  add  the  resin,  and  mix.  Ph.  U.  S.) 
Employed  in  wounds  and  ulcers. 

Baynton's  adhesive  plaster  is  made  by  melting 
one  pound  of  lead  plaster  and  sis  drachms  of 
resin  together. 

Emplastrum  REsraosuM,  E.  Resinas  —  e.  Ro- 
borans,  E.  Ferri  (Ph.  U.  S.),  E.  oxidi  ferri  rubri 
— e.  Rubefians,  E.  lyttEe. 

Emplastrum  Sapo'nis,  E.  sapona'ceum.  Soap 
plaster.  (Saponia  concis.  ^iv,  emplast.  plumb. 
Ibiij.  Mix  the  soap  with  the  melted  plaster,  and 
boil  to  a  proper  consistence.  Ph.  U.  S.)  It  is  a 
mild  discutient.     Applied  to  tumours,  corns,  <S;c. 

Emplastrum  Simplex,  E.  cerce — e.  Spermatis 
ceti,  Ceratum  cetaeei. 

Emplastrum  Thuris,  Frank'incense  plaster. 
■  (Emp.  lithargyri,  Ibij,  thuris,  R)ss,  oxid.  ferri. 
rubr.  ^iij-  Ph-  B.,)  Use: — the  same  as  the  plaster 
of  red  oxide  of  iron. 

Emplastrum  Vesicatorium,  Blister.  E.  lyttee 
—  e.  de  Vigo  cum  mercurio  emendatum,  E.  hy- 
drargyri  compositum. 

EMPL  AT  RE,  Emplastrum— e.  d'Andri  de  la 


Croix,  Emplastrum  de  pice  et  resinis  glutinans — 
e,  de  Cigue,  Emplastrum  cicuta3 — e.  Collant  do 
poix  et  de  resines,  Emplastrum  de  pice  et  resinia 
glutinans — e.  de  Gomme  resine,  Emplastrum  cum 
gummi-resinis  —  e.  de  Nuremberg,  Emplastrum 
Norimbergense. 

EMPLATTOMEXOS,  Emphracticus. 

EMPNEUMATOSIS,  Emphysema,  Inspira- 
tion. 

E3TP0IS0NNE3IENT,  Poisoning. 

EMPO'RIUM,  ifi-opiov,  (tfi  or  tv,  and  toooj, 
'a  way,)  'a  market  or  depot,'  The  brain  was  so 
called,  of  old,  because  there  all  the  mental  aflairs 
are  transacted. 

Emporium  Spirituu^i,  Sensorium. 

EMPOSIS,  Imbibition. 

EMPREINTE,  Impression. 

EMPRESIS,  Empresma, 

EMPRES'MA,  Empres'mus,  Em2-)re'sis,  from 
e/i-prj^bi,  '  I  burn  internally.'  Inflammation. 
Phlegma'ticB  membrano'sm  et  2^crynchymato's(P,, 
Phlogis'tici,  Febrea  continum  inflammato'ricB,  In- 
flamma'tio  rnter'na,  Cau'ma,  Inter'nal  inflainma- 
tion.  A  genus  in  the  class  hmmatica,  order  pMo- 
gotica,  of  Good. 

Empresma  Bronchitis,  Cynanche  trachealir — • 
e.  Bronchlemmitis,  Cynanche  trachealis — e.  Car- 
ditis, Carditis  —  e.  Cephalitis,  Phrenitis  —  e.  Cys- 
titis, Cystitis  —  e.  Enteritis,  Enteritis  —  e.  Gastri- 
tis, Gastritis — e.  Hepatitis,  Hepatitis — e.  Hyster- 
itis.  Metritis — e.  Nephritis,  Nephritis — e.  Orchitis, 
Hernia  humoralis—e.  Otitis,  Otitis  —  e.  Paristh- 
mitis,  Cynanche  —  e.  Paristhmitis  tonsillaris  ma- 
ligna, Cynanche  maligna — e.  Paristhmitis  pha- 
ryngea,  Cynanche  pharyngea  —  e.  Paristhmitis 
tonsillaris,  Cynanche  tonsillaris — e.  Parotitis,  Cy- 
nanche parotidaea- — e.  Peritonitis,  Peritonitis — e. 
Peritonitis  mesenteriea,  Mesenteritis— ^e.  Periton- 
itis omentalis,  Epiploitis— e.  Picis  cum  Cantharide, 
E.  calefaciens — e.  Pleuritis,  Pleuritis — e.  Pleuritis 
diaphragmatica,  Diaphragmitis — e.  Pneumonitis, 
Pneumonia — e.  Splenitis,  Splenitis. 

EMPRESMUS,  Empresma. 

EM'PRION,  from  ev,  and  ^piiav,  'a  saw.'  Ser- 
rated. Galen  has  given  this  name  to  the  pulse, 
when  the  sensation  produced  by  the  artery  under 
the  fingers  is  analogous  to  that  which  would  bo 
caused  by  the  unequal  teeth  of  a  saw. 

EMPROSTHOCYRTOMA,  Lordosis. 

EMPROSTHOT'ONOS,  Emprosthoton'ia,  En- 
ta'sia  tet'anus  anti'cus.  Tetanus  anticus,  from 
eixirpoa^cv,  'forwards,'  and  rtivoi,  '1  stretch,'  'I 
extend.'  A  variety  of  tetanus,  in  which  the  body 
is  drawn  forwards  by  the  permanent  contraction 
of  the  muscles. 

EM  PSYCHO 'SIS,  from  tjix^vxoa,  (cv,  and 
4'vxi<  'life,')  'I  animate,'  'I  vivify.'  A  word 
formerly  used  for  the  act  of  animating.  The  union 
of  the  soul  with  the  body. 

EMPTOE,  Ha;moptysis. 

EMPTOICA  PASSIO,  Hemoptysis. 

EMPTYSIS,  Hemoptysis. 

EMPTYSMA,  Sputum. 

EMPYE,  Empyema. 

EMPYE'MA,  Empye'sis,  Em'pye,  from  tv,  'in, 
and  rvov,  'pus.'  Aposte' ma  empye'ma.  A  collec- 
tion of  blood  or  pus.  and,  conventionally,  of  other 
fluid,  in  some  cavity  of  the  body,  and  particu- 
larly in  that  of  the  pleura,  Empj'ema  is  one  of 
the  terminations  of  inflammation  of  the  pleura, 
and  is  called,  also,  Pyotho'rax  verus,  Pleurorrhce' a 
puriden'ta,  Biapiye'ma,  Ecpye'ma,  Ecpye'ais,  Em- 
pye'sis pec'toris,  Pyo'sis  jyec'toris,  Hydrotho'rax 
piuriden'tus,  Byspnoe'a  pyothorae"ica,  Pneumo'nioi 
suppurato'ria,  Absces'sus  pec'toris,  A.  Thora'cin, 
Pleuraposte'ma,  Pleuropye'sis,  (F.)  Pi/opleuriU, 


EMPTESIS 


324 


EMYS 


The  operation  for  empyema  properly  means  the 
making  of  an  opening  into  the  thorax  for  the  pur- 
pose of  giving  issue  to  the  matter  collected  in 
the  cavity  of  the  pleura,  although  it  has  been 
nsed  for  the  operation  required  for  the  evacuation 
of  any  fluid  from  the  chest,  or  synonymously 
■with  Paracentesis  thoracis. 

EMPYE'SISj  same  etymon.  Suppuration. 
An  eruption  of  phlegmonous  pimples,  gradually 
filling  with  a  purulent  fluid,  and  terminating  in 
thick  scabs,  frequently,  leaving  pits  or  scabs. 
Pvs'tiilous  Exan'tliem.  A  genus  in  the  order  Ex- 
anthematica,  class  Mamatica  of  Good.  See  Em- 
pyema. 

Empyesis  Oculi,  Hypopyon — e.  Pectoris,  Em- 
pyema— e.  Variola,  Variola. 

EMPYMELIUM  POLYSARCIA,  Polysarcia 
adiposa. 

EMPTOCE'LE,  from  cv,  'in,'  irvov,  'pus,'  and 
urihi,  'tumour,'  'hernia.'  A  tumour,  formed  by 
an  accumulation  of  pus  in  the  scrotum.  Diffe- 
rent diseases  have  been  described  under  this 
name,  such  as  suppuration  of  the  testicle,  em.py- 
ema  of  the  tunica  vaginalis,  accumulation  of  pus 
in  the  cavity  of  a  hernial  sac,  abscesses  of  dif- 
ferent kinds  formed  in  the  cellular  texture  of  the 
scrotum,  &c. 

EMPYOM'PHALUS,  from  tv,  'in,'  rrvov,  'pus,' 
and  o/ji/iaXof,  'the  navel.'  This  word  has  been 
used  to  designate  a  suppurating  tumour  at  the 
umbilicus;  or,  at  times,  umbilical  hernia,  the  sac 
of  vehich  is  filled  with  blood. 

EMPYOS,  Purulent. 

EMPYREU'MA,  from  tjji-vpma,  (tv,  and  rvp, 
'fire,')  'I  kindle.'  The  burnt  smell  and  acrid 
taste,  which  volatile  products— gaseous  and  liquid 
— contract,  when  animal  or  vegetable  substances 
are  decomposed  by  a  strong  heat.  The  cause 
of  this  smell  is  seated  in  an  oil,  called  ewjji/reii- 
mat'ic,  which  does  not  exist  in  the  substance  sub- 
jected to  the  operation,  but  is  the  result  of  its 
decomposition.  If  the  empyreuma  occurs  when 
the  organic  substance  is  placed  in  a  still  with  a 
liquid,  it  is  owing  to  the  solid  matter  touching 
the  bottom  of  the  vessel  to  which  the  fire  is  ap- 
plied. 

EMPYREUMAT'IC,  Em2:>yreumat'ieus:  same 
etj'mon.  Belonging  to  empyreuma,  —  aS  an  eni- 
2)yrewnatio  odour. 

EM'PYROS,  Fehric"itans,  from  Trup,  'fire  or 
fever.'     One  who  has  fever. — Hippocrates. 

EMS,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Celebrated 
springs  on  the  river  Lahn,  duchy  of  Nassau. 
They  are  thermal  (from  83  to  115°  Fahrenheit,) 
a,nd  carbonated  salines,  containing  carbonic  acid, 
bicarbonate  of  soda,  and  chloride  of  sodium ;  an.d 
are  much  used  in  gastric  and  intestinal  affec- 
tions, &c. 

EMUL'GENT,  Eimd'gens,  from  emuJgere,  (e, 
and  mnhjere,)  'to  milk  out,'  'to  draw  out.'  A 
name  given  to  the  renal  artery  and  vein,  because 
the  ancients  imagined  they  milked,  as  it  were, 
the  urine  through  the  kidneys.     See  Renal. 

EMULSIN,  see  Amygdalin. 

EMUL'SIO,  Emul'sion;  same  etymon.  A 
pharmaceutical  preparation,  of  a  milky-white 
opaque  appearance,  which  is  composed  of  oil,  di- 
vided and  held  in  suspension  in  water  by  means 
of  mucilage.  Emvilsions  have  been  divided  into 
the  true  and  oihj,  and  into  the  false  or  not  oitij  ; 
the  latter  being  composed  of  resinous  substances, 
balsams,  or  camphor,  rubbed  up  with  dilute  al- 
cobo!,  mucilage,  or  yolk  cf  egg. 

Emulsio  Aca'cIjE  AkAB'iCJS,  Emnl'sio  AraV- 
rca  /  Gum  Ar'abic  Emul'sion.  (Xneleor.  amygd. 
comm.  .5J,  aqiicR  Ibijss,  mvcilay.  ncac.  §ij,  sacch. 
ff'w.     While  beating   the   decorticated   almonds 


with  the  sugar  and  water,  add  the  mucilage.  — 
Ph.  E.)     Used  in  the  same  cases  as  the  last. 

EjfULSIO  Amyg'daLjE,  Lac  amyg'dalcs,  Ennd'- 
sio  simplex,  Amygdala' turn,  3Iistu'ra  amygdala, 
Emulsio  sive  Lac  AmygdaWrvm,  Almond  Emul- 
sion, Almond  IfilJr,  (F.)  Zait  d'arnandes.  {Amyg- 
dal.  dulc.  ^ss;  Acacim,  in  pulv.  ^^ss ;  Saechar. 
^ij ;  Aquae  destillaf.  f^viij.  Macerate  the  al- 
monds in  water,  and  having  removed  their  ex- 
ternal coat,  beat  them  with  the  gum  Arabic  and 
sugar,  in  a  marble  mortar,  till  they  are  thoroughly 
mixed;  then  rub  the  mixture  with  the  distilled 
water  gradually  added,  and  strain.  —  Ph.  U.  S.) 
It  is  used  as  a  diluent  and  demulcent. 

Emulsio  Antihysterica,  Mistura  asafoetidae 
— e.  Arabica,  Emulsio  acaciae  Arabieae. 

Emulsio  CA.M'PH0R^.i7.  Camjjhora'ta,  Mistu'ra 
Camphora ;  Campjhor  Emulsion.  (CamphorcB  ^j, 
amygd,  com.  decortic,  sacch.  dur.,  aa  ^iv,  aqua 
§vj.  —  Ph.  E.)  A  convenient  form  for  giving 
camphor.  • 

Ejiulsio  Guaiacina,  Mistura  guaiaci — e.  Le- 
niens,  Looch  ex  ovo. 

Emflsio  O'lei  Amygdala'rtjm  ;  Emulsion  of 
Oil  of  Almonds,  {01.  amygd. ^j,  gum  acac.  ptdc. 
^ij,  syrup,  ^j,  aqucB  destill.  51V.  Mix.  A  good 
pectoral  or  cough  mixture. 

Emulsio  O'lei  Ric"ini;  Castor  Oil  Emulsion 
(01.  ricini  ^ss,  vitelli  ovi  q.  s.,  aqua  destillat.  ^j.) 
An  aperient  draught. 

Emulsio  O'lei  Terebin'thin^  ;  Emulsion  of 
Oil  of  Tur'pentine,  {01.  tereh.  rect.  "^ij.  sacch. 
alb.  3SS.  vitell.  ovi i,  emuls.  amygd.  vel  aqvm  de- 
stillat. §vj.  Mix.  In  rheumatic  and  nephritic 
afi"eetions.     Dose  f^iss. 

Emulsio  Oleosa,  Looch  ex  ovo. 

Emulsio  Purgaxs  cum  Jala'p^  Resi'xa, 
Purging  Emulsion  with  Resin  of  .Jalap.  {Ja- 
lapxB  resin,  gr.  xij.  sacch.  alb.  ^ij.  Triturate  for 
some  time,  and  add  gradually  half  the  yolk  of 
an  egg ;  continue  to  triturate,  adding  by  degrees 
emuls.  simpl.  §v,  aq.flor,  aurant.  ^ij-- — Ph.  P.) 

Emulsio  Purgans  cum  ^c\in\o'sio;  Purging 
Emulsion  with  Scammony.  It  is  prepared  like 
the  preceding,  substituting  only  Scammony  for 
the  jalap. 

Emulsio  Simplex,  E.  Amygdala. 

EMULSION,  Emulsio  — e.  Almond.  Emulsio 
amygdalee — e.  Camphor,  Emulsio  Camphorse — e. 
Castor  oil,  Emulsio  olei  ricini  —  e.  Gum  Arabic, 
Emulsio  aeaciae  Arabicfe — e.  IIuileu'<e,  Looch  ex 
ovo — e.  of  Oil  of  Almonds,  Emulsio  olei  amygda- 
larum — e.  of  Oil  of  Turpentine,  Emulsio  olei  tere- 
binthiuEB — e.  Purging  with  resin  of  jalap,  Emul- 
sio purgans  cum  jalapse  resina — e.  Purging,  with 
scammony,  Emulsio  purgans  cum  scammonio. 

EMUL'SR'E,  Emulsi'vus;  same  etymon.  An 
epithet  given  to  seeds  whence  oil  may  be  ex- 
tracted by  expression  ;  such  as  almonds,  apricots, 
peaches,  hemp,  rape,  melons,  gourds;  those  of 
the  nut  kind,  and  cucurbitaceous  and  cruciferous 
plants  in  general. 

EMUNCTORIUM,  Emunetory  — e.  Cerebri, 
Nasus. 

EMUNC'TORY, -Frnxncfe'r?!;?;),  from  emungere, 
{e,  and  mvngere,)  'to  drain  off.'  'to  cleanse.' 
Emissa'vium,  (F.)  Emonctoire,  Emissaire.  Any 
organ  whose  office  it  is  to  give  issue  to  matters 
which  ought  to  be  excreted.  The  ancients  be- 
lieved that  some  organs  were  more  particularly 
destined  to  serve  as  emunetories  of  others :  the 
nasal  fossae,  for  example,  they  believed  to  be  the 
emunetories  of  the  brain. 

EMUNDANTIA,  Detergent?. 

EMYS  PALUS'TRIS,  Salt  Water  Tcr'rapin. 
This  species  of  turtle  is  found  exohisively  in  salt 
or  brackish  waters,  near  the  sea  shore,  along  the 
whole  Atlantic  coast.     It  is  much  prized  by  the 


EN 


325 


ENCEPHALOID 


epicure,  and  is  nutritious  and  tolerably  easy  of 
digestion  when  dressed  plain. 
EN,  see  Em. 

ENADELPHIA,  Emhoitement. 
EN.EMA,  I-Iajmostatica. 
EN.EMON,  Styptic. 

EXiEORE'MA,  from  £1/.  'in,'  and  ampco),  '1 
lift  up,'  'that  which  hangs  or  floats  in.'  The 
Xeph'ele,  Nuhes,  Suhlimamen'tvm,  Snblima'tio, 
Subli'me,  Sitspen'sxm,  S.  Uri'ntB,  Suspen'sa,  Nn- 
bec'ula  or  cloud,  which  is  suspended  in  the  urine 
as  it  cools. 

ENAM'EL  OF  THE  1'E'ETII,  Den'tium  Mtor, 
Cortex,  Cortex  stria'ta,  Substan'tia  filamento'sa 
of  Malpighi,  S.  Adaman'tina  den'tium,  Crusta 
Den'tium  adaman'tina,  Adamantine  substance. 
The  substance  which  covers  the  coronas  of  the 
teeth,  and  which  has,  also,  been  called  the  vitre- 
ous substance,  Subst/in'tia  vit'rea,  (F.)  Substance 
vitree  ou  em.aillee,  JE mail  des  Bents.  The  enamel 
is  of  a  milky-white  eolom-,  and  sufficiently  hard 
to  strike  fire  with  steel.  Its  surface  is  very 
smooth  and  polished,  and  it  forms  a  thicker 
layer  towards  the  part  whei*e  the  teeth  come  in 
contact,  and  becomes  thinner  towards  the  cervix. 
The  fibres  of  the  enamel  are  perpendicular  to  the 
surface  of  the  teeth,  on  the  ivory  of  which  they 
seem,  as  it  were,  planted.  This  gives  them  a 
velvety  appearance,  when  examined  by  the  mi- 
croscope. The  enamel  has  no  blood  vessels,  and 
is  not  renewed  when  removed.  It  is  formed  of 
phosphate  of  lime,  and  a  very  small  portion  of 
animal  matter. 

ENANTHE'MA,  same  etymon  as  the  next. 
A  name  recently  given  to  certain  eruptions  of  the 
mucous  membrane,  as  exanthema  is  to  certain 
eruptions  of  the  skin. 

ENANTHE'SIS,  from  sv,  'in,'  and  avSew,  'I 
flourish.'  Hash  exan'thein.  Eruption  of  red,  level 
or  nearly  level  patches,  variously  figured,  irre- 
gularly diffused,  often  confluent,  and  terminating 
in  cuticular  exfoliations.  A  genus  in  the  order 
Exanthematica,  class  Hmmatica  of  Cullen,  inclu- 
ding scarlet  fever,  measles,  <tc. 

Enanthesis  Rosalia,  Scarlatina  —  e.  Urtica- 
ria, Urticaria. 

ENANTIOPATHIC,  Palliative. 
ENARTHRO'SIS,  Inarticnla'tio,  Ball  and 
Socket-joint,  from  ev,  'in,'  and  apSpwaig,  'an  arti- 
culation.' A  kind  of  diarthrodial  articulation,  in 
which  the  head  of  a  bone  is  received  into  the 
cavity  of  another,  and  can  be  moved  in  all  direc- 
tions. The  joint  of  the  os  femoris  with  the  os- 
innominatum  is  one  of  this  character. 

ENAR'THRUM,  from  tv,  'in,'  and  ap6)pov,  'a 
joint.'     A  foreign  body  in  a  joint. 
ENAUSMA,  Fomites. 

ENCAN'THIS,  from  tr,  'in,' and  (cai-^of,  'the 
angle  of  the  eye.'  A  tumour,  formed  by  an  in- 
crease in  size,  or  a  degeneration,  of  the  caruncula 
laehrj'malis.  Any  morbid  growth  in  the  inner 
angle  of  the  eye. 

ExcANTHis  Benig'na.  Simple  excrescence  of 
the  caruncula.  It  commonly  yields  to  astringent 
collyria. 

Encanthts  Fungo'sa.  a  condition  of  the  se- 
milunar fold  and  lachrymal  caruncle,  in  which 
they  are  the  seat  of  morbid  growths. 

Encanthis  Ixflammato'ria.  Inflammation 
•with  enlargement  —  swelling  —  of  the  semilunar 
fold  and  lachrymal  caruncle. 

Encanthis  Malig'na  has  often  a  cancerous 
character,  and  requires  extirpation  before  it  has 
attained  any  considerable  size. 
ENCARPOS,  Pregnant. 
ENCASING.  Embottement. 
ENCATALEPSIS,  Catalepsy. 


ENCATIIIS'MA,  Semicu'pium.  With  the  an- 
cients Encathis'ma,  ty/cadio-yiia,  meant  a  vapour- 
bath  taken  sitting. 

ENCAU'MA,  from  tv,  'in,'  and  xavia,  'I  burn.' 
Ejncau'mis,  Ejxlcaii'sis,  Encau'sis.  A  tumour 
produced  by  a  burn.  A  burn.  Also,  an  ulcer 
of  the  transparent  cornea,  occasioning  loss  of  the 
humours.— Aetius,  Gorrajus. 

ENCAUSIS,  Burp,  Encauma,  Moxibustion. 
ENCAUSSE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.    En- 
causse    is   a  village   in    the    department  of  the 
Haute-Garonne,  which  possesses  several  saline, 
acidulous  springs. 

Eye  A  VURE,  Argema. 
ENCEINTE,  Pregnant. 
ENGENS,  Juniperus  lyeia. 
ENCEPHALALGIA,  Cephalalgia— e.  Hydro- 
pica,  Hydrocephalus  internus. 

ENCEPHAL'IC,  Encephal'icvs,  from  tv,  'in,' 
and  Ki<pa\n,  '  the  head.'  That  which  is  situate  in 
the  head.  A  name  given  to  several  parts  which 
relate  to  the  encephalon,  as,  the  encephalic  mem- 
branes, muscles,  &c. 

ENCEPHALI'TIS:  same  etymon.  This  term 
has  been  used,  by  some  nosologists,  synonymously 
with  Cephali'tis  and  Phreni'tis.  By  others,  it  has 
been  appropriated  to  inflammation  of  the  brain, 
in  contradistinction  to  that  of  the  membranes. 

Encephalitis  Exsudatoria,  Hydrocephalus 
internus  —  e.  Infantum,  Hydrocephalus  internus 
— e.  Insolationis,  Coujy-de-soleil — e.  Membranosa, 
Meningitis — e.  Peripherica,  Meningitis — e.  Pota- 
torum, Delirium  tremens. 

ENCEPHALIUM,  Cerebellum. 
ENCEPHALOCE'LE,  from  syfcE^aXoi',  'the 
brain,'  and  Kr]\r,,  'a  tumour.'  Hernia  Cer'ebri, 
Fungus  Cerebri,  Cranioce'le,  Hernia  of  the  Brain. 
This  may  be  a  congenital  or  accidental  affection. 
In  the  former  ease,  it  is  dependent  upon  tardy 
ossification  of  the  fontanelles  or  some  faulty  con- 
formation. In  the  latter,  it  is  owing  to  some 
considerable  loss  of  substance  in  the  parietes  of 
the  cranium,  produced  by  fractures,  wounds  with 
a  cutting  instrument,  caries,  the  application  of 
the  trephine,  &c.  In  slight  congenital  encepha^ 
locele,  gentle  pressure  may  be  exerted  upon  the 
protruded  portion.  When  the  disease  is  of  con- 
siderable extent,  it  is  fatal.  In  accidental  ence- 
phalocele,  similar  means  must  be  used  for  con- 
fining the  tumour,  and  preserving  it  from  the 
action  of  external  bodies. 

ENCEPHALOCHYSIS,  Hydrocephalus  inter- 
nus— e.  Senilis,  Apoplexy,  serous. 
ENCEPHALODYNIA,  Cephalalgia. 
ENCEPHALOH^MIA,  Cephalasmia. 
ENGEPHALOHEMIE,  Cephala3mia. 
ENCEPH'ALOID,  Encephaloides,  Ceph'aloid, 
Cephalo'ides,  Cephalo'ma,  from  tyKt^aXov,  'the 
brain,'  and  eiiog,  'resemblance.'  Laennec  has 
given  the  term  Encepth'aloid  or  Cer'ebriform 
matter  to  one  of  the  morbid  substances  commonly 
formed  by  scirrhous  or  cancerous  tumours.  It  is 
either  encysted,  in  irregular  masses  without  cysts, 
or  infiltrated  into  the  texture  of  the  diseased  or- 
gan. This  name  was  given  to  it  in  consequence 
of  its  resemblance,  when  fully  developed,  to  tha 
medullary  substance  of  the  brain.  It  is  also 
called  Fungus  medulla'ris,  F.  Oancro'sus  medul- 
la'ris,  Sarco'ma  medullafre,  Spongoid  inflamma- 
tion, Fungvs  cerebra'lis.  Cancer  cerebrifor'me. 
Cancer  mollis,  C.  Medulla'ris,  Carcino'ma  meduU 
la're,  C.  Spongio'sum,  Carci'mis  spongio'sus,  Afi/e- 
lo'ma,  Myelomy'ces,  Myelospon'gvs,  'Tela  accident 
ta'Us  medulla'ris,  (F.)  Matiere  c^rebriforme,  Car. 
cinome  mou  et  spongeux,  Tumeur  encephaloides 
Fongus  meduJlaire,  C<.xrcin6me  sanglant.  Cancer 
mou;  Milt-like  tumou  ,Med'ulHry  aarcona,  CeX • 


EXCEPHALOLOGIA 


326 


ENDERMIC 


hilar  cancer, Fuitgoid  disease,  Hmmatocer' ehriform 
disease.     See  Cancer. 

Ej<cephaloid  Tumour  of  the  Lung,  Phthisis, 
cancerous. 

ENCEPHALOLOG"IA,  from  tycf^aXoj,  'the 
encephalon,'  and  }^oyos,  '  a  description.-'  A  de- 
scription of  the  encephalon. 

ENCEPHALOMALACIA,  Mollities  cerebri. 

ENCEPHALOMALAXIS,  Mollities  cerebri. 

ENCEPH'ALON,  Enceph'alum,  Ence23h'alus, 
from  £v,  '  in,'  and  KtipaXn,  the  head.'  That  which 
is  situate  in  th?  head.  This  name  has  generally 
been  given  to  the  brain,  cereleUum,  and  mesoce- 
phnlon.  At  times,  it  includes  likewise  the  me- 
dulla spinalis,  when  it  is  also  called  the  Cer'ehro- 
ejnnal  axis  and  Neural  axis. 

EXGEPHALOPATHI'A,  from  tycf^aXo?,  'the 
encephalon,'  and  TraOos,  '  disease.'  A  disease  of 
the  encephalon. 

EncephalopathiaPueepeealis,  Mania,  puer- 
peral—  e.  Saturnina,  see  UncejihalojiatMe  satur- 
nine. 

ENCEPHALOPATHIE  ORAPULEUSE, 
Delirium  tremens. 

ENCEPHALOPATHIE  SATURNINE,  En- 
cephalopathi'a  Saturni'na,  from  £yK£0aAo;,  'the 
encephalon,'  xaOos,  'disease,'  and  sahimus,  'lead.' 
Encephalic  disorder  occasioned  by  the  poison  of 
lead. 

ENCEPHALOPHY'MATA,  Phjmato'ses  seu 
Strumo'ses  seu  Tuber'cula  cer'ebri.  Tubercles  of 
the  brain. 

EXCEPHALOPHTHISIS,  see  Encephalo- 
pyosis. 

ENCEPHALOPTO'SIS,  from  £y»:£0aXo5,  'the 
brain,'  and  -vov,  'pus.'  A2wste'ma  seu  Ahsces'sus 
seu  Eelco'sis  cer'elri.  Suppuration  of  the  brain. 
"When  accompanied  with  emaciation  and  hectic, 
it  is  called  Ence2}liaJopt'hi'sis. 

ENCEPHALORRHAGIA,  see  Apoplexy. 

ENCEPHALOSCOPIA,  Craniology. 

EXCEPHALOSEPSIS,  Mollities  cerebri. 

EXCEPHALOSIS  OF  THE  LIVER,  Hepa- 
toscirrhus. 

EjSiCEPHALOSISMUS,  Concussion  of  the 
brain. 

EXCEPHALOSTRUMOSIS,  see  Hydrocepha- 
lus internus. 

ENCEPHALUM,  Encephalon. 

EXCEPHALUS  OPISTHIUS,  Cerebellum. 

EXCEROSIS,  Inceration. 

EXCHARAXIS,  Scarification. 

EXCHEIRE'SIS,  Enchire'sis,Enc7iei'ria,  from 
£v,  and  x^'P>  'the  hand.'  Galen  uses  this  term  as 
a  part  of  the  title  to  one  of  his  works,  which  treats 
of  dissection.  It  means  the  manual  treatment  of 
any  subject. 

EXCHEIRIA,  Encheiresis. 

ENCHIFRENEMENT,  Coryza. 

EXCHIRESIS,  Encheiresis. 

EXCHOXDROMA.  Chondroma. 

EXCHORIOXOSUS,  Endemic. 

EXCHORIOS,  Endemic. 

EXCHRISTOX,  Liniment. 

EXCHYLOSIS,  Extraction. 

EXCHYMA,  Infusum,  Plethora. 

EXCHYMO'MA,  Euchymo'sis,  from  tv,  and 
X^^t  '  I  pour.'  By  the  ancients,  this  word  was 
used  to  designate  the  sudden  effusion  of  blood 
into  the  cutaneous  vessels  which  arises  from  joy, 
linger,  or  sname  ;  in  the  last  instance  constituting 
blushing.  It  differs  from  enchymosis  in  there 
being,  in  the  latter,  extravasation  of  blood  into 
the  areolar  texture,  and  its  being  produced  by 
an  external  cause;  a  contusion,  for  example. — 
Hippocrates. 

EXCHYSIS,  Infusion. 


ENCLA  VEE,  "\Yedged. 

ENGL  A  VEMENT,  see  Wedged. 

ENCLUJfE,  Incus. 

EXCLYDAS'TICOS,  intvs  fluc'tuans,  from  t>- 
K\viai,ofiai,  'to  iioat  in.'  Applied  to  liquids,  e.  g. 
to  serum,  pus,  &c.,  contained  in  any  cavity. 

EXCLYSMA,  Clyster,  Enema. 

EXCQi'LIA,  from  cv,  'in,'  and  KoiXta,  'the bel- 
ly.'    The  abdominal  viscera.     The  entrails. 

EXCffiLIALGIA,  Tormina — e.  Inflammatoria, 
Encoelitis. 

^XCCELI'TIS,  Enccelii'tis,  Enc<xlialg"ia  in- 
flammato'ria,  Inflariima'tio  ahdomina'lis,  from 
£)'/coiXia,  '  the  abdominal  contents,'  and  itis,  in- 
flammation. Inflammation  of  any  of  the  abdo- 
minal viscera. 

EXCOLPIS'MUS,  from  sv,  'in,'  and  (foXroj, 
'  the  vagina.'  Injection  or  introduction  of  any 
thing  into  the  vagina. 

EXCOPE,  Diacope,  Incision. 

EXCRAXIOX,  Cerebellum. 

EXCRAXIS,  Cerebellum. 

ENCRE,  Atramentum. 

EXCYESIS,  Fecundation,  Pregnancy. 

EXCYMOX,  Pregnancy. 

EXCYMOSIA,  Fecundation,  Pregnancy. 

EXCYSIS,  Pregnancy. 

EXCYST'ED,  Cystide  oldue'tus,  Sacca'tus, 
Sacctda'tus,  Sac'cated,  Sac'culated,  Pouched. 
Enclosed  in  a  kyst  or  cyst,  or  pouch ;  from  tv, 
'in,'  and  kvctti;,  'bladder.'  (F.)  Enhyste.  An 
epithet  given  to  certain  tumours,  or  solid  or  fluid 
collections  enclosed  in  a  particular  envelope  or 
cyst.  They  are  movable  and  often  elastic  to  the 
touch. 

EXCYS'TIS,  Timor  tunica'tus,  T.  cys'ticus, 
Emphy'ma  encys'tis.  Same  etymon.  Ln'2Jia, 
Glan'dula  Avicen'ncB,  Nodus.  An  encysted  tu- 
mour. 

ENDAX'GIUM;  properly  Endangi'on,  from 
tv6ov,  'within,'  and  ayytiov,  'a  vessel.'  The  se- 
rous or  lining  membrane  of  vessels. 

EXDEICTICOS,  Indicant. 

EXDEIXIOL"OGY,  E7ideixiolog"ia-  from  ev- 
6tt^is,  'indication,'  and  Xoyos,  'a  discourse.'  The 
doctrine  of  indications. 

EXDEIXIS,  Indication. 

EXDEMIA,  Endemic. 

EXDEM'IC,  Endem'ical,  Ende'mia,  Regiona'- 
lis  morbus,  Endem'ieus,  from  /v,  '  in,'  and  irj/jios, 
'the  people;'  Encho'rivs,  Enehorion'osus,  Ycr. 
nac'uhis  seu  Endemius  mor'bus,  Endemy.  A  dis- 
ease is  said  to  be  endemic,  or  to  arise  from  ende- 
mic" ity,  (F.)  endemicite,  when  it  is  owing  to  some 
peculiarity  in  a  situation  or  localitj'.  Thus,  ague  is 
endemic  in  marshy  countries ;  goitre  at  the  base 
of  lofty  mountains,  Ac.  Some  authors  use  the 
term  in  the  same  sense  as  epidemic.  We  have 
no  accurate  knowledge  of  the  emanations  or 
other  circumstances  which  give  occasion  to  en- 
demic afl'ections.  We  seem  to  know  that  some 
emanation  from  marshy  lands  does  produce  in- 
termittents ;  but  we  are  ignorant  of  the  nature  of 
such  emanation. 

ENDEMICITE,  see  Endemic. 

EXDEMICITY,  see  Endemic. 

EXDEMIOL'OGY,  Endemiolog"ia,  from  tv^r,- 
Ilia,  'an  endemic,'  and  Xoyos,  'a  discourse.'  The 
doctrine  of  endemic  diseases. 

EXDEMY,  Endemic. 

EXDEPIDERMIS,  Epithelium. 

EXDER'MIC,  Ender'micus,  Enderriiat'icns, 
Em])las'tro-endermic,  from  tv,  'in,'  and  Scpftn,  'the 
skin.'  An  epithet  given  to  the  method  of  treat- 
ing diseases  by  placing  the  therapeutical  agent 
in  contact  with  the  skin,  especially  after  the  cu- 
ticle has  been  removed;  Endennism,  Endermis'- 
mus,  Endenuo'sis,  Jlclh'odus  ender'm/ca  seu  en- 


ENDERMIS 


327 


ENEMA 


dermat'ica.  Morphia,  stryclinia,  &G.)  are  often 
administered  in  this  way. 

ENDERMIS,  see  Endermic. 

ENDERMISMUS,  see  Endermic. 

ENDERMOSIS,  see  Endermic. 

EN'DESIS,  from  tv,  'in,'  and  hea,  '1  hind.' 
A  ligature,  bandage,  connexion.  Hippocrates 
has  so  termed  the  ankle-joint. 

ENDIVE,  Cichorium  endivia— e.  Wild,  Cicho- 
rium  intybus. 

ENDIVIA,  Cichorium  endivia, 

ENDIXTS,  Indication. 

ENDO,  from  tvBov,  'within.'  A  common  prefix, 
as  in  the  following  terms  : 

ENDO-AORTI'TIS,  from  tv5ov,  'within,'  and 
aortitis,  'inflammation  of  the  aorta.'  Inflamma- 
tion of  the  lining  membrane  of  the  aorta. 

ENDO-ARTERITIS.  see  Arteritis. 

ENDOCAR'DIAC,  Endocar'dial,  EndoearcW - 
acus  :  same  etymon  as  the  next.  Relating  to  the 
endocardium,  or  to  the  interior  of  the  heart;  as 
'  endocardiao  sound,  or  murmur,'  —  a  sound  pro- 
duced within  the  cavities  of  the  heart,  in  contra- 
distinction to  exocardiac  or  exocardial  sounds  or 
murmurs,  which  are  induced  by  conditions  of  the 
external  surface  of  the  organ. 

ENDOCARDI'TIS,  Gardi'tis  inter'na,  Inflam.- 
ma'tio  superjic"iei  inter'ncB  cordis,  Inter'nal  Car- 
ditis, IiiJIamma'tion  of  the  internal  memhrane  of 
tJie  heart,  from  Endocard'ium,  the  lining  mem- 
brane of  the  heart,  and  itia,  inflammation.  In 
this  disease,  the  heart's  action  is  visibly  in- 
creased, and  very  manifest  to  the  touch  ;  the 
hand  is  strongly  repelled,  and,  at  moments,  is 
sensible  of  a  trembling  vibratory  motion.  Per- 
cussion gives  a  dull  sound  over  a  surface  of  seve- 
ral inches,  owing,  according  to  Bouillaud,  to  the 
inflammatory  turgescence  of  the  heart,  and  the 
engorged  state  of  its  cavities.  On  auscultation 
a  bruit  de  souffiet  is  generally  heard,  masking 
one  or  both  sounds  of  the  heart;  and  the  ear  is 
sensible  of  a  metallic  ringing  with  each  systole 
of  the  ventricle.  The  pulsations  are  rapid  as 
well  as  strong,  and,  with  few  exceptions,  irregu- 
lar, unequal  and  intermittent.  The  pulse,  by  the 
way,  does  not  always  indicate  the  force  or  num- 
ber of  the  heart's  contractions. 

ENDOCAR'DIUM,  from  cvSov,  'within,'  and 
Ka^iSui,  '  the  heart.'  The  membrane  that  lines 
the  interior  of  the  heart. 

ENDOCHORION,  see  Chorion. 

ENDOCOLITIS,  Dysentery. 

ENDODONTI'TIS,  (F.)  inflammation  de  la 
Puipe  dentaire,  Inflammation  of  the  Dental  mem- 
hrane,  ivom.  ei/ooi/,  'within,'  o&ovg,  'a  tooth,'  and 
itis,  denoting  inflammation.  Inflammation  of 
the  lining  membrane  of  a  tooth. 

ENDO-ENTERITIS,  see  Enteritis. 

ENDOGASTRI'TIS,  Esogastri'tis:  from  zviov, 
'within,'  and  gastritis,  'inflammation  of  the  sto- 
mach.' Inflammation  of  the  lining  membrane 
of  the  stomach. 

ENDOGEN,  see  Endogenous. 

ENDOG"ENOUS;  from  €viov,  'within,'  and 
ytvvaw,  '  I  engender.'  A  term  first  applied  to 
plants — hence  called  End'ogens — in  which  the 
new  woody  matter  is  deposited  within  the  old 
and  towards  the  centre.  In  the  animal,  cells  are 
often  formed  endogenoushj,  or  within  the  cells,  as 
in  the  case  of  the  sperm  vesicles. 

ENDOLYMPH,  Vitrine  auditive. 

ENDOMETRI'TIS,  from  £1-501',  'within,'  and 
metritis,  'inflammation  of  the  uterus.'  Inflam- 
mation of  the  lining  membrane  of  the  uterus. 

ENDONARTERITIS,  see  Arteritis. 

ENDOSIS,  Remission. 

ENDO-SKELETON,  see  Skeleton. 


ENDOSMOSE,  Endosmo'sis,  Imlihit"io,  Tm. 
bibit"ion,  from  evSov,  'within,'  and  <aauo;,  'im- 
pulse.' A  term  used  by  Dutroehet,  to  express 
the  action  by  which  fluids  pass  from  without 
to  within  organic  membranes.  The  action  of 
two  fluids  on  each  other,  when  separated  by  a 
membrane.  The  general  conditions  of  the  phe- 
nomena are:- — first,  that  they  should  have  an 
aflinity  for  the  interposed  membrane;  and  se- 
cond/}/, that  they  should  have  an  aflinity  for  each 
other,  and  be  miscible. 

At  the  present  day,  endosmose  is  generally  used 
to  signify  the  passage  of  the  more  transmissible 
fluid,  whilst  exosmose  signifies  that  of  the  least 
transmissible.  The  rapidity  with  which  endos- 
mose  is  accomplished  varies  according  to  the 
nature  of  the  septum  or  tissue  and  of  the  pene- 
trating body,  and  to  the  penetrability  of  the  tissue. 

ENDOSMOT'IC,  Endosmot'icus ;  same  etymon. 
Belonging  to  endosmose  : — as  an  ' endosmotic  cur- 
rent.' 

ENDOSTEI'TIS,  from  ivSov,  'within,'  octsov, 
'a  bone,'  and  itis,  denoting  inflammation.  In- 
flammation of  the  internal  periosteum. 

ENDOSTEUM,  Medullary  membrane. 

ENDOUTERITIS,  see  Metritis. 

ENJDUIT  (P.),  from  induere,  'to  put  upon, 
'to  put  on.'  A  coat ;  a  fur.  This  term  is  often 
applied  to  a  lay^r  of  greater  or  less  thickneas 
which  covers  the  surface  of  certain  organs,  and 
particularly  of  the  tongue  and  the  interior  of  the 
mouth.  The  enduit  is  designated  variously,  ac- 
cording to  its  appearance, — enduit  bilieux,  jaune, 
blanc,  &e.  —  a  bilious,  yellow,  white  coat  or  fur, 
&c.  It  is  at  times  owing  to  the  evaporation  of 
the  watery  portions  of  the  secretions;  at  others, 
to  a  morbid  condition  of  the  secretions:  —  gene- 
rally, to  both  causes  combined. 

ENDUIT  CHOROIDIEN,  see  Choroid. 

ENDVROISSEMENT,  Induration— e.  du 
Cerveaii,  Sclerencephalia — e.  liouye,  see  Hepati- 
zation— e.  du  Coeur,  Cardiosclerosie — e.  du  Tissu 
cellulaire,  Induration  of  the  cellular  tissue. 

ENDYMA  VENTRICULORUM,  Ependyma 
ventriculorum. 

ENECHEMA,  Tinnitus  aurium. 

ENECIA,  Synocha — e.  Cauma,  Synocha — e. 
Synochus  Puerperarum,  see  Peritonitis — e.  Syno- 
chus,  Synochus. 

EN'EMA,  from  tvirjtii,  {ev,  and  ini^h)  'to  inject.' 
Clysma,  Clysmus,  Enclys'ma,  Lavamen'tvm,  Lo'tio, 
An  Injection,  Clyster,  (F.)  Clystere,  Lavement. 
A  well-known  form  of  conveying  medicine  into 
the  intestinal  canal.     See  Cl.yster. 

Enema  Anod'ynum,  Enema  O'pii ;  An'odyne 
Clyster,  Starch  and  Opixim  Clyster.  [Oelat.  amyli 
Oss,  tinct.  opii  gtt.  40  vel  60.)  Exhibited  in  cases 
of  severe  diarrhoea  or  dysentery. 

Enema  Cathar'ticum  ;  Purging  Clyster. 
{ManncB  3J,  decoct,  chamam.  comp.  gx,  old  oliv. 
^j,  sulph.  magnes.  ^ss.     Ph.  D.) 

Enema  Commu'ne  ;  Common  Clyster,  Domestic 
Clyster.  (  Water  gruel,  or  molasses  and  water  Uss 
or  Oj  ;  add  a  little  oil  or  lard,  and  a  spoonful  of 
common  salt.)  Given  as  a  cathartic  enema;  and, 
without  the  common  salt,  as  an  emollient. 

Enema  Fcet'idum,  Fetid  Clyster ;  Mis'tura  a^«- 
foct'idcB  pro  clys'mate,  Clysma  ton'icum  et  anti- 
spasmod'icum  sen  in'citans  et  sedans,  (F.)  Lavt- 
ment  antispasmodique.  [The  last,  tuith  the  adcli^ 
tion  oy  ^ij  of  the  tincture  of  asafcetida.  Ph.  D.) 
Given  as  an  antispasmodic  and  anodj'ne. 

Enema  Ntcotia'njs  ;  Tobac'co  Clyster.  This 
generally  consists  of  from  half  a  pint  to  a  pint  of 
the  Infusum  Tabaei.  It  is  employed  in  eases  of 
strangulated  hernia;  but  occasionally  acts  as  a 
fatal  poison  when  given  in  this  way.    The  smoke 


ENEPIDERMIC 


528 


ENSTROPHE 


of  tohacco  is  sometimes  thrown  up  the  rectum  to 
produce  the  same  medicinal  effects  as  the  infusion. 

Enema  Opii,  E.  anodj^num. 

Eneiia  Terebin'thin^;  Tur'pentine  Clyster. 
( 01.  tereb.  t^'iij,  gruel  Oss,  one  yolk  of  egg.  In- 
corporate the  turpentine  with  the  yolk,  then  add 
the  gruel.)  To  be  administered  in  cases  of  asca- 
rides,  (oxtjures.) 

ENEPIDERM'IC,  Enepider'viicus,  from  tv, 
'in,'  £-£,  'upon,'  and  Iszfjxa,  'the  skin.'  An  epi- 
thet given  to  the  method  of  treating  diseases, 
which  consists  in  the  application  of  medicines ; 
as  plasters,  blisters,  &c.,  to  the  skin. 

ENEREISIS,  Compression. 

ENERGIA,  Action,  Force. 

EN'ERGY,  Energi'a,  from  fwpycw,  {cv,  and 
tfyov,  '  action,')  '  I  act.'  Action.  Acting  power. 
Also,  vigour;  as  the  'muscular  energy;'  the 
'brain  acts  icith  energy.' 

EXER.VATIO,  Aponeurosis,  Enervation. 

ENERVA'TIOiST,  Enerva'tio,  from  e,  'out  of,' 
and  nervus,  'strength.'  The  act  of  weakening — 
the  state  of  being  weakened.     See  Debility. 

ENERVATIONES  TENDINEiE,  Inscripti- 
ones  tendinea3  musculorum. 

ENERVITAS,  Inertia. 

ENFANCE,  Infancy. 

ENFANT,  Infans — e.  d  Teniae,  see  Foetus — e. 
Ligitime,  see  Legitimate. 

ENFLURE,  Swelling,  (Edema — e.  des  Jambes 
et  des  euisses  de  la  fernme  accouchee,  Phlegmatia 
dolens. 

ENF0NCE2IENT  SCAPHOIDE,  Scaphoi- 
des  fossa. 

ENGASTERIOX,  Laboratory. 

ENGASTRIMISME,  see  Engastrimyth. 

EXGASTRIMYSME,  see  Engastrimyth. 

ENGAS'TRIMYTH  ;  Engastrimy'ihus,  En- 
glotfogas'tor,  Gastril'oqxms,  Ventril'oquus,  Gas- 
tril'oquist,  Eu'rycles,  Eurycli'tus,  Enteroman'tis, 
Gastroman'tis,  from  av,  '  in,'  yaarrio,  '  the  belly,' 
and  iiv^iouai,  'I  discourse.'  A  Ventril'oquist. 
(F.)  Ventriloque,  Gastriloqne.  One  who  pos- 
sesses the  art  of  modifying  his  natural  voice,  so 
that  it  seems  to  come  from  a  greater  or  less  dis- 
tance, and  from  different  directions.  It  was  for- 
merly believed  that  such  persons  spoke  from  the 
belly;  hence  their  name.  It  is  an  imitative  art, 
and  is  called  Vextriloquism.  (F.)  Engastri- 
misine,  Engastrhnysme. 

ENGEl'SOMA,  Engisoma. 

ENGELURE,  Chilblain. 

ENGHIEN  MONTMOREXCY,  MIXERAL 
"WATEPwS  OF.  A  hydrosulphurous  water,  four 
leagues  from  Paris,  near  Montmorency,  which  is 
possessed  of  some  celebrity.  It  contains  chloride 
of  sodium,  chloride  of  magnesium,  sulphate  of 
magnesia,  sulphate  of  lime,  carbonate  of  magne- 
sia, carbonate  of  lime,  silica,  sulphohj'drate  of 
lime  and  magnesia,  sulphohydric  acid,  carbonic 
acid  and  azote. 

ENGISO'MA,  Engeiso'ma,  Engizo'ma,  from 
£yy£^o),  'I  approximate.'  (F.)  Embarrure.  A 
species  of  fracture  of  the  skull,  in  which  a  splin- 
ter passes  beneath  the  sound  portion  of  the  bone, 
and  compresses  the  brain. — Galen.  Also,  a  kind 
of  instrument  used  in  fractures  of  the  clavicle. 

ENGLISH  DISEASE,  Rachitis. 
'    ENGLOTTOGASTOR,  Engastrimyth. 

ENGOMPIIOSIS,  Gomphosis. 

ENGORGEMENT,  from  en,  'in,'  and  ^or^e, 
'  the  throat.'  An  obstruction  occurring  in  the 
ressels  of  a  part,  giving  rise  to  augmentation  of 
volume.     Congestion. 

ENGORGEMENT  BES  ME  MB  RES  AB- 
OOMINAUXl  LA  SUITE  DES  COUCHES, 


Phlegmasia  dolens — e.  Hepatic,  Eepatohaemia — 
e.  Laiteux  des  membree  ahdominaux,  Phlegmatia 
dolens. 

ENGOUEMENT  (F.),  Obstruc'tio,  Iner'tia, 
from  angere,  '  to  choke.'  Accumulation  in  a 
hollow  organ,  of  the  matters  secreted  by  it  or 
carried  into  it.  There  is  said  to  be  Engouement 
des  branches,  when  the  mucus  accumulates  in  the 
bronchia;  and  Engovement  des  intestins,  when 
the  matters  which  ought  to  pass  through  the  in- 
testines are  detained;  as  in  a  case  of  strangulated 
hernia. 

ENG  0  UEMENT  DES  P  0  UMONS,  E.  of  th  e 
lungs,  in  Pathological  Anatomy,  signifies  that 
state  of  the  lungs,  in  which  a  mixture  of  air  and 
thin  fluid  escapes  from  them  when  cut  into. 

ENGOURDISSEMENT,  Torpor. 

ENGRENURE,  Suture. 

ENHiEMATOSIS,  Hajmatosis. 

ENIXA,  Puerpera. 

ENIXIO  FCETLIS,  Parturition. 

EXIXUS  FCETUS,  Parturition. 

ENKYSTE,  Encysted. 

ENKYSTEMENT,  Chatonnemenf. 

ENXEAPHAR'MACOS,  from  ewta,  'nine,' 
and  (papiJiaKov,  'a  medicine.'  A  medicine,  com- 
posed of  nine  simple  ingredients.  A  pessary,  so 
formed.  —  Galen,  Paulus.  The  Antid'otns  Ucra- 
cli'dis,  described  by  Galen,  and  some  plasters  by 
Aetius  and  Celsus,  are,  likewise,  termed  Ennea- 
pharmaca. — Gorrceus. 

EXOR'MOX,  cvupfiwv.  Mormon,  Im'2:)etum  fa'- 
ciens,  from  £v,  'in,'  and  oopau),  'I  rouse,  'excite.' 
A  word  used  by  Hippocrates  in  the  same  sense 
as  vitrAl  principle  is  by  modern  physiologists. 

EXOSIS,  Insertion. 

EXOSTOSIS,  Entosto'sis,  from  cv,  'in,'  and 
oareov,  'a  bone.'  A  morbid  growth  of  bone  in- 
wards— the  opposite  to  exostosis. 

EXRYTH'MOS,from£v,  and  p«5f/.o?,  'number.' 
Having  rhythm.  An  epithet  applied  to  the  pulse 
when  its  pulsations  occur  with  some  degree  of 
order.  It  is  opposed  to  Aryth'mos,  and  differs 
from  Eurythmos,  which  signilies  'regular.' 

ENRO UEMENT,  Raucedo. 

EXS.  A  being.  Paracelsus  meant,  by  this 
term,  the  power  exerted  by  certain  beings  on 
our  body.  He  speaks  of  the  Ens  Dei,  the  Ens 
Astro'rum,  the  Ens  natura'le,  the  Ens  virtu'tis, 
Ens  murho'runi.  Ens  de  poten'tibus  spnrit'ibus,  &.C. 
These  absurd  denominations  suggested  to  some 
of  the  ancient  chymists  a  name  for  certain  chemi- 
cal preparations.  The  muriate  of  ammonia  and 
iron  was  called  Ens  martis;  the  muriate  of  am- 
monia and  copper,  Ens  veneris;  and  Ens  prinuim 
was,  with  the  alchymists,  the  name  of  a  tincture 
which  they  considered  fiossessed  of  the  power  of 
transmuting  metals. 

Exs  Martis,  Ferrum  ammoniatum — e.  Veneris 
Boylei,  Ferrum  ammoniatum. 

EN'SIFORM,  En%ifor'niis,  from  ensis,  '» 
sword,'  and  forma,  'form.'     Sword-like. 

En'siform  AropH'ysES  or  Proc"esses  are  the 
lesser  aire  of  the  sphenoid.bone. 

Ensiform  Appen'dix  or  Car'tilage  is  the 
xiphoid  appendix  of  the  sternum,  &e.  See  Xi- 
phoid. 

EXSIFORMIS.  Xiphoid. 

EXSI-STERXAL.  Relating  to  the  ensiform 
process  of  the  sternum.  Beclard  gave  this  name 
to  the  last  osseous  portion  of  the  sternum.  He 
also  called  it  I'os  ultimi-aternal.  See  Ultimo- 
sternal. 

ENSOMATOSIS,  Incorporation. 

EXSTALAX'IS,  Instillation. 

EX'STROPIIE,  from  cv,  'in,'  and  orpt^w,  'I 
turn.'     Inversion  of  a  part,  as  of  the  eyelids. 


ENTABLEMENT 


329 


ENTER0CACi2 


ENTABLEMENT,  Depression. 
ENTAIL LE  {¥.),  from  en,    'in,'  and  tailler, 
'to  cut.'     Excis'io,    Ec'cojje,    Ec'tome.      A  deep 
wound  made  by  a  sharp  instrument  obliquely. 
Entaillea  and  faillades  are,  also,  used  to  desig- 
nate deep  scarifications,  made  for  the  purpose  of 
producing  a  speedy  degorgement  of  any  tumefied 
part;    such,   for   example,   as  are  made   in  the 
toni2:ue  in  certain  cases  of  glossitis. 
ENTANTHEMA,  Eisanthema, 
ENTASIA,  Tonic  spasm — e.  Articularis,  Con- 
traetura  —  e.  Loxia,  Torticollis  —  e.  Priapismus, 
Priapismus — e.  Systremma,  Cramp — e.  Tetanus, 
Tetanus  —  e.  Tetanus  anticus,  Emprosthotonos — 
e.  Trismus,  Trismus. 

ENTASIS.  Tonic  spasm. 

ENTAT'ICUS,  Jntensi'vns,  from  evruvu),  'I 
make  tense.'  A  medicine  which  excites  the  ve- 
nereal appetite. 

ENTELIPATHIA,  Iv^ymphomania. 
ENTELMINTHA,  Worms. 
ENTENLEMENT,  Intellect. 
ENTERAD'ENES,  from  tvrcpov,  'an  intestine,' 
and  ainv,  '  a  gland.'     The  mucous  glands  of  the 
intestines.     See  Peyeri  glandulse. 

ENTERADEXOG'PvAPHY,  Enteradenogra'- 
phia,  from  evTEpov,  'intestine,'  aSrjv,  'gland,'  and 
■ypa<p>],  '  a  description.'  A  description  of  the  in- 
testinal glands. 

ENTERADENO L'OGT,  Enteradenolog"ia, 
from  tvTtpov,  '  intestine,'  aSiiv,  '  gland,'  and  Aoyoj, 
'  a  treatise.'  That  part  of  anatomy  which  treats 
of  the  intestinal  glands. 

ENTERAL'GIA,  Enterodyn'ia,  from  tvTzpov, 
'intestine,'  and  a\yos,  'pain.'  Pain  in  the  intes- 
tines.    Colic. 

Enteralgia  Acuta,  Enteritis  —  e.  Inflamma- 
toria,  Enteritis — e.  Saturnina,  Colica  metalliea. 

ENTERANGEMPHRAXIS,  Enterangi- 
emphraxis. 

ENTERANGIEMPHRAX'IS,  Enteran- 
gemplirax'is,  from  evrepov,  '  intestine,'  ayx'^t  '  I 
strangle,'  and  Ef/^pao-o-w,  'I  obstruct.'  Obstruction 
of  the  vessels  of  the  intestines. 

ElsTEB. ATROVWI A,  AtrojjJi'ia Tntestino'ritm, 
{rom  cvrtpov,  'intestine,'  and  atrophia,  'want  of 
nutrition.'  Atrophy  of  the  coats  of  the  intestines. 
ENTERAUXE,  from  evrtoov,  'intestine,'  and 
av^rt,  'increase.'  Hypertrophy  of  the  muscular 
coat  of  the  intestines. — Fuchs. 

ENTERECHE'MA,  Son'itus  iniestina'Us.  The 
sound  of  the  movement  of  the  intestines,  heard 
by  the  stethoscope. 

ENTEREC'TASIS,  BUata'tio  IntenHno' rum, 
from  cvTipov,  'intestine,'  and  CKraaig,  'dilatation.' 
Dilatation  of  the  intestines,  as  in  tympanites. 

ENTERELCO'SIS,  Enterheleo'sis,  Enterohel- 
co'sia,  from  evrcpov,  'intestine,'  and  'iAKuo-ij,  'ul- 
cei'ation.'     Ulceration  of  intestines  —  Uleera'tio 
intestina'lis,  Ul'cera  inteatina'lia. 
ENTERELESIA,  Ileus. 
ENTERELOSIS,  Ileus. 

ENTEREMPHRAX'IS,  Infarc'tus  Intestino'- 
rnm,  Incarcera'tio  intestino'rum  inter'no,  ( F.  ) 
Etranglement  dea  Intesting,  E.  Tntestinale,  from 
tvTcpov,  'intestine,'  and  ciKppa^i;,  'obstruction.' 
Obstruction  of  the  Intestines  from  accumulation 
of  f£eces  or  otherwise.  Also,  Enterangiemphraxis. 
ENTEREN'CHYTA,  Enteren'chytes,  from  tv- 
Tcpov,  '  an  intestine,'  ev,  '  in,'  and  x^'^t  '  I  pour.' 
Any  surgical  instrument  for  administering  injec- 
tions.— Scultetus. 

ENTEREPIPLOCELE,  Enteroepiplocele. 
EIS'TEREPIPLOMPHALOCE'LE,  from  cvtc- 
pnv,    'intestine,'    c~iTr\oov,    'omentum,'    t^KpoKos, 


'navel,'  and  KtfKri,  'rupture.'  Hernia  of  the  um- 
bilicus with  protrusion  of  the  omentum  and  in- 
testine. 

ENTERHELCOSIS,  Enterelcosis— e.  Nervosa, 
Typhus  (abdominal.) 

ENTERHYPERTR0PH'IA,£i/2>er//-ojD^'i"ain- 
testino'rum,  from  evrtpov,  'intestine,'  and  hijper- 
trophia,  '  excessive  nutrition.'  Hypertrophy  of 
the  coats  of  the  intestines. 

ENTER'ICA,  from  EiTcpov,  'an  intestine.'  Dis- 
eases affecting  the  alimentary  canal.  Order  I., 
Class  I.  (Cceliaca,)  of  Good.  Also,  medicines 
aifecting  the  alimentary  canal. 

ENTERITE  EOLLICULEUSE,  see  Typhus 
— e.  Ti/phoheiniqtie,  Typhoid  fever. 

ENTERI'TIS,  from  tvrepov,  'an  intestine,'  and 
iti's,  denoting  inflammation.  Inflammation  of 
the  intestines.  Empres' ma  Enteritis,  Intestino'rum 
■inflamma'tio,  Ileo-coli'tis,  Chordap'sus,  Cauma 
Enteritis,  EnterophIog"ia,  EnteropMogo'sis,  Co'- 
lica  acuta,  C.  injiammato'ria,  Il'eus  inflammato'- 
rius,  Enteral'gia  acu'ta,  E.  Inflammato'ria,  Fe-  ■ 
hris  intestino'rum,  F.  ili'aca  inflammato'ria,  En~ 
terop'yra,  (F.)  Enterite,  Inflammation  deslntestins. 
The  essential  symptoms  of  this  disease  are : — 
violent  abdominal  pain,  increased  on  pressure; 
with  vomiting  and  inflammatory  fever.  Enteritis* 
may  afi'ect  both  the  peritoneal  and  the  mucous 
coat  of  the  intestines;  and,  in  violent  cases,  all 
the  coats  may  be  implicated.  The  structure  of 
the  mucous  and  peritoneal  coats  is  difl'erent;  so 
are  their  functions  in  health  and  disease.  The 
inflammation  of  the  serous  coat,  Sero-enferitis, 
resembles  that  of  the  cellular  membrane;  the 
inflammation  of  the  mucous  coat  that  of  the  skin. 
The  former  is  usually,  therefore,  of  a  more  active 
character.  Inflammation  of  the  mucous  coat, 
Eso  - enteri'tis,  Endo  -  enteri'tis,  Ihico  -  enteri'tis, 
Mucous  Enteritis,  Phlegmymeni'tis  enter'ica,  ia 
generally  attended  with  diarrhoea,  and  its  patho- 
logy is  identical  with  that  of  dysentery.  Inflam- 
mation of  the  peritoneal  coat  is,  on  the  other 
hand,  generally  attended  with  constipation. 

Enteritis  of  the  peritoneal  coat,  for  such  usually 
is  the  meaning  of  the  word  in  the  abstract,  re- 
quires the  most  active  treatment.  Copious  bleed- 
ing, followed  up  by  a  large  dose  of  opium  —  and, 
if  the  symptoms  be  not  decidedly  ameliorated, 
repeating  the  bleeding  and  opium — warm  fomen- 
tations, and  blisters,  are  the  chief  agents  to  be 
relied  upon.  Purgatives  ought  not  to  be  exhibited 
until  the  inflammation  and  spasm  are  abated  by 
the  use  of  the  bleeding  and  opium.  When  the 
physician  is  called  early,  this  plan  will  usually 
succeed.  Sometimes,  Enteritis  passes  into  a  chro- 
nic state,  requiring  much  careful  management. 
Broussais  considered  inflammation  of  the  mucous 
coat  of  the  stomach  and  intestines  as  the  proxi- 
mate cause  of  the  phenomena  of  fever. 

Enteritis  Aethritica,  Cceliagra  —  e.  Colica, 
Colitis  —  e.  Epiploitis,  Epiploitis  —  e.  Follicular, 
Typhoid  fever  —  e.  Folliculosa,  see  Typhoid  —  e. 
Mesenterica,  Mesenteritis — e.  Mucous,  see  Ente- 
ritis— 0.  Pustulosa,  Dothinenteritis. 

ENTERO,  from  cvrtpov,  '  an  intestine.'  in  com. 
pound  words  signifies  intestine,  as  in  the  follow- 
ing : — 

ENTEROBRO'SIS,  Enter  orrhex' is,  Perforu'tir. 
Intestino'rwn,  (F.)  Perforation  des Intestins,  from 
tvrepov,  'an  intestine,'  and  f^piixrig,  'the  act  of 
gnawing.'     Perforation  of  the  intestines. 

ENTEROC'ACE,  Bysenle'ria  pu'trida  sen  1y- 
pho'des  seuscorhu'tica  seximalig'na,  from  tvrrpov, 
'an  intestine,' and  koko;,  'evil.'  Adynamic  dy- 
sentery, accompanied  by  phenomena  indicating  a 
pseudo-membranous  and  gangrenous  stat-e  of  *A» 
linins  membrane  of  the  large  intestine. 


ENTEKOCELS 


330 


ENTEROSTENOSIS 


ENTEPtOCE'LE,  Hernia  intestina'Us,  from  tv- 
rtpov,  'an  intestine,'  and  k>jA)7,  'a  hernia,'  'tu- 
mour.' Abdominal  hernia,  which  contains  only 
a  portion  of  intestine,  is  so  called. 

ENTERO - CEPHALOPYRA  INFANTUM, 
Ilvdroeephalus  Internus. 

ENTEROCCE'LICUS,  from  cvnpov,  'intestine,' 
and  KoiXia,  '  the  cavity  of  the  abdomen.'  Relating 
to  the  cavity  of  the  abdomen. 

ENTEROCYSTOCE'LE,  from  evrepov,  'an  in- 
testine,' Kvaris,  '  a  bladder,'  and  KijXrj,  '  a  tumour.' 
Hernia  formed  by  the  bladder  and  a  portion  of 
intestine. 

ENTERODAR'SIS,  from  evrepov,  'intestine,' 
and  iapaig,  '  skinning.'  Excoriation  of  the  mu- 
cous membrane  of  the  intestines. 

ENTERODOTHIBNIA,  Dothinenteritis. 
ENTERODYNIA,  Enteralgia. 
ENTBRO-EPIPLOCE'LE,      Enterepiploce'le, 
Her'nia  intestina'Us  omenta'lis,  from  evrepov,  'in- 
testine,' e-aiirXoov,  '  the  omentum,'  and  Krfyi],  '  tu- 
mour.' Hernia,  formed  by  intestine  and  omentum. 
ENTERO-EPIPLOM'PHALUS,  from  evrepov, 
'intestine,'  emT^'Xoov,  'the  omentum,'  and  o/((/>aXof, 
'the   umbilicus.'     Umbilical   hernia,    containing 
intestine  and    omentum.     Almost   all   umbilical 
herniae  are  of  this  kind. 

ENTEROG'RAPHY,  Enterogra'ph'a,  from  ev- 
repov, 'intestine,' and  ypaoii?,  'description.'     The 
part  of  anatomy  which  describes  the  intestines. 
ENTERO-riiEMORRHAGIA,  Htematochezia. 
ENTEROHELCOSIS,  Enterelcosis. 
ENTERO-HYDROCE'LE,    from  evrepov,  'in- 
testine, 'v&o>p,  'water,'  and  (fj/X)?,  'tumour.'     In- 
testinal hernia  complicated  with  h3'drocele. 

ENTERO-HYDROM'PHALUS,  from  evrepov, 
'intestine,'  'vSu>p,  'water,'  and  o;i0aXof,  'the  na- 
vel.' Umbilical  hernia,  in  which  the  sac  contains, 
along  with  a  portion  of  intestine,  a  quantity  of 
serum. 

ENTERO-ISCHIOCE'LE,  from  evrepov,  'in- 
testine,' KTX^ov,  'ischium,'  and  Kri)^>i,  'tumour.' 
Isehiat'io  hernia,  formed  of  intestine. 

ENTEROLITHI'ASIS,  from  evrepov,  'intes- 
tine,' and  XiSioo-if,  'the  formation  of  stone.'  The 
formation  of  concretions  in  the  intestines. 

ENTEROLITHUS,  Calculi  of  the  stomach  and 
intestines  —  e.  Bezoardus,  Bezoar — e.  Scybalum, 
Scybala. 

ENTEROL'OGY,  Enterolog"ia,  from  evrepov, 
'intestine,'  and  )^oyog,  'a  discourse.'  The  part 
of  anatomj'  which  treats  of  the  intestines. 

ENTEROMALA'CIA,    Enteromalax'is,    ( F. ) 
Ramollissement  de  I'Intr.stin,  from  evrepov,  'an  in- 
testine,'and //aXacro-a),  'I  soften.'  Softening  of  the 
mucous  or  other  coats  of  the  intestine. 
ENTEROMALAXIS,  Enteromalacia. 
ENTEROMANTIS,  Engastrimyth. 
ENTERO-MEROCE'LE,  irom  evrepov,  'miQS- 
tm&,'  jirjpoi,  'the  thigh,'  and  (ct/Xi/,  'tumour.'  Cru- 
ral hernia,  formed  of  intestine. 

ENTERO-MESENTER'IC,  Entero-mesenter'- 
icus.     Relating  to  the  intestine  and  mesentery. 

ENTERO-MESENTER'ICA  FEBRIS.  MM. 
Petit  and  Serres  have  given  this  name  to  the 
typhoid  form  of  adynamic  fever,  in  which  the  in- 
testines aro  ulcerated,  with  enlargement  of  the 
corresponding  mesenteric  glands.     See  Typhus. 

ENTERO-MESENTERITE,  Tabes  mesen- 
torica — e.  3Jesenterite  typho'ide,  see  Typhus. 

ENTEROMOR'PHIA  COMPRES'SA.  One 
of  the  algaj,  used  by  the  Sandwich  Islanders  as 
ftn  esculent. 

ENTEROMPHALOCELE,  Enteromphalus. 


ENTEROM'PHALUS,  Enteromj^laloee'le,  from 
evrepov,  '  intestine,'  and  of.L(pa\og,  'umbilicus.'  Um- 
bilical hernia,  formed  of  intestine. 

ENTEROMYCODORI'TIS,  from  evrepov,  'in- 
testine,' jivKog,  '  slime,'  «5opa,  '  skin,'  and  itis,  de- 
noting inflammation.  Inflammation  of  the  mucous 
membrane  of  the  intestines. 
ENTERON,  Intestine. 

ENTEROPARAL'YSIS,  EnteropW  gia,  Pa- 
ral'i/iis  intestino' rum,  from  evrepov,  'intestine,' 
■KapaXvat;,  'paralysis.'  Paralysis  of  the  Intestines. 
ENTEROPARISAGOGE,  Intussusceptio. 
ENTEROPATHI'A,£'n«erop'art.-i/,  from  evrepov, 
'intestine,'  and  irado;,  'disease.'  l)isease  of  the 
intestines  in  general. 

Enteropathi'a  Canceeo'sa,  Enter oscir'rhus, 
Enterosteno' sis  scirrho'sa  seu  organ'ica,  Entero- 
sarco'mia,  Indura'tio  seu  Seirrhiis  seu  Cancer  seu 
Oarcino'ma  Intestino' mm,  (F.)  Cancer  des  Intes- 
tins.     Cancer  of  the  Intestines. 

ENTEROPERIS'TOLE,  Enterosjohio'nm,  Her- 
nia  incarcera'ta,  Incarcera'tio  intestino' rum,  from 
evrepov,  'intestine,'  and  Trspicre'X'Xo},  'I  contract.' 
Constriction  or  obstruction  of  the  intestines,  from 
a  cause  which  acts  either  within  the  abdomen, 
or  without  it,  as  in  strangulated  hernia. 
ENTEROPHLOGIA,  Enteritis. 
ENTEROPHLOGOSIS,  Enteritis. 
ENTEROPHTHI'SIS,  from  evnpov,  'intestine,' 
and  (pOiais,  'consumption.'     Consumption  of  the 
bowels.     Consumption  owing  to  suppuration   in 
the  intestines. 

ENTEROPHYMATA,  Tubereula  intes'ino- 
rum. 

ENTEROPLEGIA,  Enteroparalysis. 
ENTEROPYRA,  Enteritis.     Also,  entero  me- 
senteric fever. — Alibert. 

Enteropyra  Asiatica,  Cholera  —  e.  Eiliosa, 
Fever,  Bilious. 

ENTER0RRHAG"IA,  from  evrepov,  'intes- 
tine,' and  payri,  '  violent  ru^iture.'  Hemorrhage 
from  the  bowels. 

Enterorrhagia  Simplex,  Hamatochezia. 
ENTERORRHA'PHIA,  Enteror'rhajjhe,  from 
evrepov,  'intestine,'  and  pa<pn,  'a  suture.'     Suture 
of  the  intestines,  for  the  relief  of  injuries  done  to 
them. 

ENTERORRHEU'MA,  Rhevmatis'mus  Intesti- 
no'ritm,  from  evrepov,  '  intestine,'  and  pevjia,  '  de- 
fluxion,  rheumatism.'  Rheumatism  of  the  intes- 
tines. 

ENTERORRHEXIS,  Enterobrosis. 
ENTERORRHCEA,  Diarrhoea,  Melcona. 
ENTEROSARCOCE'LE,  from  evrepov,  'intes- 
tine,' aap^,  'flesh,'  and  kijXj;,  'a  tumour.'     Intes- 
tinal hernia,  complicated  with  fleshy  excrescence, 
or  rather  sarcocele. 

ENTEROSARCOMIA,  Enteropathia  cance- 
rosa.  _ 

ENTEROSCHEOCE'LE,  Enterosclwce'le,  from 
evrepov,  '  an  intestine,'  ocx^ov,  '  the  scrotum,'  and 
)o?Xi7,  '  tumour.'  Scrotal  hernia  consisting  of  in- 
testine. 

ENTEROSCIRRHUS,  Enteropathia  cance- 
rosa. 

ENTERO'SES,  from  evrepov,  'an  intestine.'   A 
class  of  diseases,  comprehending  all  those  that 
are  seated  in  the  intestines. — Alibert. 
ENTEROSPHIGMA,  Enteroperistole. 
ENTEROSTENO'SIS.  from  evrepov,  'intestine,' 
and  arevwatg,  'stricture.'  Stricture  or  constriction 
of  the  intestines.     See  lions. 
Enterostenosis  Yolvulcs,  Ileus  —  e.  Orga- 


ENTEEOTOME 


ENURESIS 


tiica,  Enteropatbia  cancerosa  —  e.  Scirrtosa,  En- 
teropathia  cancerosa. 

ENTJEROTOME,  Enterot'omus,  from  tvrcpov, 
'intestine,'  and  rsfivo),  'I  cut.'  A  name  given  by 
J.  Cloquet  to  an  instrument  for  promptly  opening 
the  intestinal  canal  through  its  whole  extent.  It 
consists  of  a  pair  of  scissors,  one  blade  of  'which 
is  much  longer  than  the  other,  and  rounded  at  its 
extremity.     This  is  passed  into  the  intestine. 

ENTEROTOM'IA,  Enternt'omy,  same  etymon. 
In  anatomy,  it  signifies  dissection  of  the  intes- 
tines. In  surgery,  it  means  an  operation,  little 
used,  which  consists  in  opening  the  intestines,  in 
order  to  e^^acuate  the  faecal  matters  accumulated 
in  it;  for  example,  in  certain  cases  of  hernia,  ac- 
companied with  contraction  of  the  intestinal 
canal ;  in  operations  for  an  artificial  anus,  per- 
formed on  the  new-born,  where  the  rectum  is 
imperforate  or  not  existing,  &c. 

ENTEROTOMY,  Enterotomia. 

ENTEROTYPHUS,  see  Typhus. 

ENTEROZOA,  Worms. 

ENTERYDROCE'LB,  Enterohjdrace'le,  from 
tvnpov,  'intestine,'  'vSuip,  'water,'  and  kijXj;,  'rup- 
ture.'    Intestinal  hernia  with  hydrocele. 

ENTHELMINTIIES,  Worms. 

ENTHEOMANIA,  Demonomania. 

ENTHLA'SIS,  Esphla'sis,  from  lv,  'in,'  and 
•jAao),  'I  break.'  A  fracture  of  tlie  cranium,  with 
comminution,  in  which  the  bone  is  depressed,  or 
has  lost  its  level. 

Enthlasts  Cranii,  Effraetura  Cranii. 

ENTITE,  Entity. 

EN'TITY,  En'tftns,  (F.)  Entite,  from  ens,  enth, 
'a  being.'  The  being  or  essence  of  anything. 
It  has  been  used  somewhat  vaguely,  in  modern 
Erench  medicine  more  especiallj',  to  signify  ap- 
parently a  general  or  essential  disease,  the  nature 
and  seat  of  which  cannot  be  determined.  — 
Kysten. 

ENTOCELE,  Ectopia. 

Entoce'le  Lentis.  Dislocation  of  the  crys- 
talline into  the  anterior  chamber  of  the  ej-e. 

ENTOGONYAN-CON,  from  zvro^,  'within,' 
yow,  'the  knee,'  and  ayn-Mi',  'a  bend.  Bending 
of  the  knees  inwards.  -  The  state  of  being  knock- 
kneed,  or  in-kneed. 

ENTOHYALOID  MUSC^,  see  Metamor- 
phopsia. 

ENTONIA,  Tension,  Tonic  spasm. 

ENTONIC,  Enton'icua,  from  tv,  denoting  ex- 
cess, and  Tovoi,  '  tone."  Having  great  tension  or 
exaggerated  action. 

ENTONNOIR,  Calix,  Infundibulum  — e.  du 
Yentricnle  Iloyen  du  Cerveau,  Infundibulum  of 
the  brain. 

ENTOPARASITES,  Worms. 

ENTOPHTHAL'MIA,  from  cvto;,  'within,'  and 
otpdaXfjia,  'inflammation  of  the  eye.'  Ojjhthalmia 
affecting  the  interior  of  the  eye. 

EN'TOPHYTE,  Entoph'yton,  from  ci/ro;,  'with- 
in,' and  (pvTov,  'a  vegetable.'  A  vegetable  pa- 
rasite. 

ENTOPHYT'IC,  Entophyt'iciis,  same  etymon. 
Of  or  belonging  to  an  entophyte,  —  as  'an  ento- 
pbytie  crowth.' 

ENTORSE.  Sprain. 

ENTOSTHETHIDIA,  Entrails. 

ENTOSTHIA,  Entrails. 

ENTOSTOSIS,  Enostosis. 

ENTOTORRHCEA,  Otirrhoea. 

ENTOTOZyENA.  Ozena. 

ENTOXICISMUS,  Poisoning. 

ENTOXISMUS,  Poisoning. 

ENTOZOA,  Worms. 

ENTOZOAIRES,  Worms. 


ENTOZOARIA,  Worms. 

ENTOZOOGENESIS,  Helminthiasis. 

ENTOZOON  FOLLICULORUM,  Acarus  Fd.. 
liculorum. 

ENTRAILLES,  Entrails. 

EN'TRAILS,  Splanchna,  Encoe'lin,  Viscera, 
Entosthid'ia,  Entoa'thia,  Entosthethid' ia ,  Eitera'- 
nea,  from  enteralia,  a  word  of  bad  Latin,  coming 
from  evTupov,  'intestine.'  It  is  used  for  the  vis- 
cera enclosed  in  the  splanchnic  cavities,  and  espe- 
cially for  those  in  the  abdomen;  Eowels,  Guts, 
(F.)  Entrailles,   Visceres. 

ENTRE-FESSON,  Chafing. 

ENTRICHO'MA,  from  tv,  'in,'  and  rpix^ixa, 
'hair.'  The  tarsal  cartilage,  and  the  edge  of  the 
eyelids,  in  which  the  cilia  are  implanted. 

ENTROP'ION,  Entrop'mm,  from  tv,  'in,'  and 
TftzTTi^,  '  I  turn.'  Inver'sio  j)alpehra'r%im,  Capillit"- 
■ium,  Trichi'asis,  Introsuscepj'tio  eiHrnpyium,  Ble- 
pharelo'sis,  Blepharop>to'sis  entropium,  7'ri'chia, 
Tricho'sis.  A  name  given  to  the  inversion  or 
turning  inwards  of  the  eyelids,  so  that  the  eye- 
lashes are  directed  towards  the  globe  of  the  eye; 
irritate  and  inflame  it,  and  give  rise  to  the  afl'ee- 
tion  called  Trichi'asis, 

The  contact  of  the  hair  with  the  surface  of  the 
eye  occasions  considerable  irritation  of  the  con- 
junctiva, which  is  soon  followed  by  chomosis, 
ulceration  of  the  eye,  and  other  symptoms,  such 
as  fever,  watchfulness,  &c. 

If  the  disease  be  entropjwn,  as  above  defined, 
that  is,  dependent  upon  the  inversion  of  the  eye- 
lids, it  must  be  remedied,  —  either  by  dispersing 
the  oedema  or  swelling  of  the  eyelids,  or  by  cut- 
ting out  a  iDortion  of  the  skin.  When  the  disease 
is  dependent  on  a  vicious  direction  of  the  cilia, 
they  must  be  plucked  out  and  the  bulbs  be  cau- 
terized. 

ENTROPIUM,  Entropion. 

ENTYPOSIS,  see  Glene. 

ENUCLEA'TION,  Enudea'tio,  from  enuclrarc, 
(e,  and  nucleus,)  'to  take  out  a  kernel.'  This 
terra  has  been  proposed  for  the  operation  of  re- 
moving tumours,  Ac,  without  cutting  into  them. 
— Percy. 

The  word  is  used  in  Pharmacy,  for  the  opera- 
tion of  shelling  or  removing  the  kernels  of  any 
nut. 

ENULA  CAMPANA,  Inula  Helenium. 

EjSTU'LON,  from  tv,  'in,'  and  ov\ov,  'the  gum.' 
The  inner  part  of  the  gums.  The  external  part 
was  called  ovXot,  and  that  between  the  teeth  apuo;. 
—Pollux. 

ENURE'SIS,  from  ivovpta,  (tv,  and  ovpcw,)  'I 
void  the  urine  in  bed.'  Pant'rta  iucon'tinens, 
Incontinen'tia  tiri'nce,  'Excre'tio  UrincB  involun- 
ta'rin,  Jlic'tio  hivoliinta' ria,  E.  ino2yp)ortu'na, 
Uracra'tia,  Urorrhce'a,  Perirrhoe'a,  Strangu'ria, 
(Galen,)  Anischu'ria,  Hyperure'sis,  Eiam'nes, 
Involuntary  discharge  of  urine,  Incontinence  of 
■urine.  This  affection  is  most  common  in  advanced 
life.  It  may  depend  on  too  great  irritability  of 
the  bladder,  or  on  distension,  or  injury  of  the 
fibres  about  its  neck,  paralysis  of  the  organ, 
Cysto-paral'ysis,  Gysto-ple'gia,  the  presence  of 
an  irregularly  shaped  calculus  impacted  in  the 
urethra  near  its  commencement;  rupture  of  thu 
bladder  and  urethra;  renal  disease;  or  on  pres- 
sure exerted  on  the  bladder  by  the  distended 
womb  or  by  a  tumour.  It  often  occurs  after  dif- 
ficult labour,  but  generally  yields,  in  the  courso 
of  a  week  or  ten  days;  the  catheter  being  intro- 
duced twice  a  day  in  the  mean  time. 

The  treatment  must  of  course  vary  according 
to  the  cause ;  and  when  the  affection,  on  which  it 
is  dependent,  cannot  be  removed,  the  discharge 
of  urine  may  be  prevented  by  exerting  a  degr»« 


ENVIE 


332 


EPICA^rTHIS 


of  compression  on  the  urethra,  hy  means  of  ap- 
propriate instruments ;  or  a  urinal  may  be  em- 
ployed to  receive  the  urine  as  it  passes  oif. 

ENVIE,  Hangnail,  Malacia,  ISfasvus  —  e.  de 
Vomir,  Nausea. 

ENYPNION,  Somnium. 

EISTYSTROISr,  Abomasus. 

ENZOOTIA,  Enzooty. 

ENZOOTY,  Enzoot'ia,  (F.)  Enzootie,  from  tv, 
*  in,'  and  fuoi',  '  animal.'  An  endemic  disease  at- 
tacking animals. 

EP,  EPH,  EPI,  tv,  t<p,  t-i,  'upon,  above;'  in 
composition,  generally  means,  '  augmentation, 
addition,  increase,  reciprocal  action,  repetition.' 
Hence : 

EPACMAS'TICOS,  from  emi,  and  afc/zaifw,  *I 
increase.'  An  epithet  applied  to  fevers,  Fehrea 
epacmas'tieag,  whose  symptoms  go  on  augmenting 
in  violence,  from  the  commencement  to  the  ter- 
mination. Such  fevers  ai'e,  also,  called  Epana- 
didon'ies. 

EPAGOGIUM,  Phimosis,  Prepuce. 

EPANADIPLOSrS,  Anadiplosis. 

EPANALEPSIS,  Anadiplosis. 

EPANASTASIS,  Pustule.  The  formation  of 
B  tumour.  The  breaking  out  of  an  eruption  — 
Ertip'tio  exanthe'matis. 

EPANASTEMA,  Exanthem,  Swelling. 

EPANCHEMENT,  Effusion. 

EPANESIS,  Remission. 

EPANETUS,  Remittent  — e.  Hectica,  Hectic 
fever  —  e.  Malignus  flavus,  Eever,  yellow  —  e. 
Mitis,  Remittent  fever. 

EPANORTHOSIS,  Restauratio. 

EPANTHEMA,  Exanthem. 

EPANTHISMA,  Exanthem. 

EPAPH^'RESIS,  from  t-a<j)ai^!:ui,  •!  take 
away.'  liep)eti'ta  suhla'tio  vel  e-co.cwi,'tio.  A  re- 
peated abstraction  or  evacuation.  It  was  formerly 
used  synonymously  with  repeated  bloodletting j 
Phlehotom'ia  itera''ta. — Galen. 

EPAPHRISMOS,  Despumation. 

EPARMA,  Tumour. 

EPARSIS,  Tumour. 

EPAULE,  Humerus. 

EPENCRANIS,  Cerebellum. 

EPENDYMA,  Membrane. 

Epen'dyjia  VEXTiacuLo'EU3f,  En'dyma  seu 
Indamen' turn  ventriculo'rum,  from  etti,  'upon,'  and 
ev5v(a,  'I  enter;'  hence,  t-cvivfjia,  'an  upper  gar- 
ment or  cloak.'  The  lining  membrane  of  the 
ventricles  of  the  brain,  formed  by  a  prolongation 
of  the  pia  mater,  and  probably  also  of  the  -arach- 
noid. 

EPERON,  Hippocampus  minor  —  e.  dee  A' 
teres,  Spur. 

EPEE  VTER,  Accipiter. 
_  EPER  VIERE  DES  MVRAILLES,   Hiera- 
cium  murorum. 

EPHEBiE'DN,  from  etti,  'upon,'  and  'n&n, 
'pubes.'  The  parts  of  genaration  :  also,  the  re- 
gion of  the  pubes,  as  well  al  the  hair  upon  the 
pubes.  It  meant  likewise  a  part  of  the  ancient 
gymnasium  in  which  the  rhetoricians,  philoso- 
phers, &c.,  disputed. 

EPHEBEUM,  Mons  veneris. 

EPIIE'BIA,  Ephehi'a,  Puhertaa.  Same  ety- 
mon.    The  aa;e  of  puberty. 

EPHEBOSYNE,  Puberty. 

EPHEBOTES,  Puberty. 
^EPUE'BUS,   Pahem,   Puher,  (F.)   Pubere, 
Ephihe.     One  who  has  attained  the  age  of  pu- 
berty. 

EPHEDRANA,  Nates. 

EPIIEI/CIS,  from  tirt,  'upon,'  and  'cXko^,  'an 
jilcer.     The  crust  or  scab  of  an  ulcer. 


EPHELTDE  SCORBUTIQUE,  Chloasma. 

EPHE'LIDES,  from  e-^i,  'upon,'  and  '17X10S, 
'the  sun.'  Epichro'eis,  Mac'ida  sola'ria,  J/ac'- 
ul(B  fusccB,  M.  lenticida'res,  EpTie'lis  lentic'ula, 
Vitilig"ines,  Phaci,  Pannus  lenticida'ris,  Lentic'- 
ula, Lenti'go,  Ephelis  Lenti'go,  E])helis  ct  «o?c, 
Nigre'do  d  sole,  Sp>ilo'sis  ephelis,  jEsta'tes,  Effila, 
Freckles,  Sunburn,  (F.)  Taches  de  roussure,  Hale. 
This  term  includes  not  only  the  yellow  lentigines, 
which  appear  on  persons  of  a  fair  skin,  and  tho 
larger  brown  patches,  which  also  arise  from  ex- 
posure to  the  direct  rays  of  the  sun,  but  alsc 
those  large  dusky  patches  which  are  very  similar 
in  appearance,  but  occur  on  other  parts  of  tho 
surface,  that  are  constantly  covered.  See  Chlo- 
asma. They  do  not  extend  farther  than  the  skin. 
Many  cosmetics  have  been  recommended  for 
their  removal.  Simple  spirituous  lotions  or  weak 
mineral  acids,  applied  a  few  times  in  the  day,  are 
as  effectual  as  any  other  means. 

EPHELIS,  see  Ephelides  — e.  Lentigo,  Ephe- 
lides — e.  d  Sole,  Ephelides. 

EPHELOTES,  Leucoma. 

EPHEM'ERA,  Bia'ria,  from  etti,  'during,'  and 
'rjficpa,  '  a  day.'  That  which  continues  a  day. 
This  epithet  is  given  to  diseases,  and  particularly 
to  fevers,  which  last  only  a  day. — Febris  dia'ria, 
Epihenieropj'yra,  Febris  simplex,  F.  Ephe'mera, 
Febric'ula,  Ej^heyn' eral Fever,  Ei' ary  Fever,  Sim- 
p>le  Fever.  The  term  ^jro?o)?(/ec^  ephem'era  is 
sometimes  used  for  fevers,  which  cease  after  two 
or  three  days'  duration. 

Ephemera  Axglica  Pestilens,  Sudor  angli- 
eus — 0.  Britannica,  Sudor  Anglieus — e.  Maligna, 
Sudor  Anglieus — e.  Mortifera,  Plague — e.  Pesti- 
lentialis,  Plague — e.  Sudatoria,  Sudor  Anglieus. 

EPHEMEROPYRA,  Ephemera. 

EPHEMERUS,  Quotidian. 

EPHIALTES  HYP0CH0NDRIACA,Incnhu3 
vigilantium — e.  Nocturnus,  Incubus — e.  VigUan- 
tium,  Incubus  vigilantium. 

EPHIDRO'SeX  (G.)  Ephidrosen.  A  divi- 
sion  of  the  family  Ekzematosen  of  Fuchs, 
comprising  morbid  varieties  of  sweating. 

EPHIDRO'SIS,  from  £5r£,  'upon,'  and  'i^poui, 
'I  sweat.'    Hidro'sis,  Jdro'sis.     A  copious  sweat. 

Ephideosis  Prof0'sa,  E.  sponta'nea,  E.  idio- 
path'ica,  Hydropede'sis,  Exsvda'tio,  Exuda'tio, 
Hyperephidro' sis,  Hypierhydro'sis,  Hydrorrhce'a, 
Hidropede'sis,  (F.)  Flux  de  Sueur.  An  excessive 
sweating,  including  debility  and  emaciation.  A 
colliquative  sweat.  Such  copious  perspirations 
are  generally  owing  to  debility  of  the  exhalants, 
and  require  the  use  of  tonics,  especially  of  the 
mineral  acids,  opium,  &c. 

Ephideosis,  Desudatio  —  e.  Cruenta,  Sudor 
eruentus — e.  Saccharata,  Sudor  dulcis. 

EPHIPPIUM,  Pituitary  fossa,  Sella  Turcica. 

EPH'ODOS,  from  ttri,  'upon,'  and  'oi5of,  'a 
way,'  '  a  road  or  avenue  to  a  place.'  Hippocrates 
uses  this  word  in  three  senses  :  1.  For  the  vessels 
or  canals,  which  give  passage  to  the  excrements 
of  the  body.  2.  For  a  periodical  attack  or  acces- 
sion of  fever;  and  3.  For  the  approach  of  similar 
or  dissimilar  things  which  may  be  useful  or  hurt- 
ful to  the  body. — Castelli. 

EPI,  Spica. 

EPI'ALOS,  Hepialos.  A  name  given  by  the 
ancients  to  fever,  when  the  hot  stage  was  mingled 
with  irregular  chills.  Also,  the  coli  stage  of 
fever. 

EPIALTES,  Incubus. 

EPIAMA,  Lenitive. 

EPIAN.  Frambcosia. 

EPIBLEMA,  Catablema. 

EPIBOLE.  Incubus. 

EPICANTIIIS,  Canthus. 


EPICAUMA 


333 


EPIDIDYMIS 


Epican'this,  from  s-t,  'upon,'  and  '^■nvOor,  'the 
angle  of  the  eye.'  A  defective  formation,  in  which 
a  fold  of  skin  passes  from  the  root  of  the  nose 
over  the  inner  eanthus  of  the  eye. 

EPICAR'PIUM,  PeHcar'jnum,  from  ctti,  'up- 
on,' and  Kapnoi,  '  the  wrist.'  An  application  made 
to  the  wrists  or  to  the  region  of  the  pulse  was  so 
called. 

EPICAUMA,  Eneauma. 
EPICAUSIS,  Eneauma. 
EPICERASTICA,  Emollients. 
EPICHOLOS,  Bilious. 
EPICHORDIS,  Mesentery. 
EPICHORION,  Decidua. 
EPICHORIUM,  Epidermis. 
EPICHRISIS,  Inunctio. 

EPICHRO'SIS,  Spilo'sia,  from  crj,  and  ;\;pa)jiia, 
'  colour.'  Simple  discoloration  of  the  surface. — 
Good.     Ephelides. 

Epichrosis  Spilt,  see  Nsevus. 
EPICHYSIS,   Affusion. 

EPICOE'MASIS,  from  emKotiiaofiai,  {ctti,  and 
Kotiiao/iai,)  'to  lie  down  to  rest,'  'to  sleep.'  J)e- 
cu'bitas  ad  dormien'dum  et  Dormit''io.  The  po- 
sition of  sleeping,  as  well  as  sleeping  itself. 

EPICOL'IC,  from  stti,  'upon,'  and  kuXov,  'the 
colon.'  The  epieolic  regions,  regio'nes  cptcol'icce, 
are  those  parts  of  the  abdomen  which  correspond 
to  the  colon. 

EPICOLLESIS,  Agglutination. 
EPICON'D  YLE,  Ejncon'di/his,  from  etti,  'upon,' 
and  Kov5v\o;,  'a  condyle.'  A  name  given,  by 
Chaussier,  to  an  eminence  at  the  outer  part  of  the 
inferior  extremity  of  the  os  humeri ;  so  called, 
because  it  is  seated  above  the  condj^le.  The  epi- 
condyle  gives  attachment  to  the  outer  lateral 
ligament  of  the  elbow  joint,  and  to  a  very  strong 
tendon  to  which  several  of  the  muscles  of  the 
posterior  part  of  the  forearm  are  attached. 

EPICOKDYLO-CUBITALIS,  see  Anconeus— 
c.  Radial,  Supinator  radii  brevis  —  e.  Sus-meta- 
carinen,  see  Radialis — e.  Sus-^jJialangeiticn  com- 
mun,  Extensor  digitorum  communis — e.  Sus-pha- 
langettien  du petit  doigt,  Extensor  proprius  minimi 
digiti. 

EPICOPHO'SIS,  from  em,  'upon,'  and  Kio^pwcn, 
'deafness.'  Deafness  supervening  on  another 
disease. 

EPICRA'NIUM,  from  t-i,  'upon,'  and  Kpavior, 
'  the  cranium.'  A  name  given  to  different  parts 
seated  on  the  cranium.  The  skin,  aponeurosis 
between  the  occipital  and  frontal  muscles,  and 
the  whole  of  the  scalp,  have  been  so  called.  Portal 
includes  under  this  name  the  occipito-frontalis 
muscle,  pyramidalis  nasi,  and  superior  and  ante- 
rior auricular  muscles.  The  pericranium. 
EPICRANIUS,  Occipito-frontalis. 
EPICRA'SIS,  Gontemjiera'tio,  from  t-iK^Qovvv- 
fti,  (eiti,  axid  Kspavvvni,  'I  mix,')  'I  temper.'  A 
term  used  by  the  humourists  for  an  amelioration 
of  the  humours.  They  called  Cure  hy  Epicrasia, 
— per  epicrasin,  a  mode  of  treatment  by  imagined 
alteratives,  which  they  supposed  to  be  possessed 
of  the  power  of  gradually  correcting  the  vitiated 
humours. 

EPICROUSIS,  Percussion, 
EPICTENIUM,  Pubes. 
EPICTETI  MORBI,  Acquired  diseases. 
EPICYEMA,  see  Superfoetation. 
EPICYESIS,  Superfoetation. 
EPICYLIUM,  see  Palpebra. 
EPICYSTOTOMIA,  see  Lithotomy. 
EPIDEISIS,  Deligation. 

EPIDEM'IC,  Epide'mius,  Epidem'icus,  (  E.  ) 
Ep>idemique.  Same  et3'mon  as  Epidemy.  Ap- 
pertaining to  an  epidemy.     An  epidemy. 

Epidemic  Coxstitutiox,  Epidemj' — e.  Disease, 
Epidemy — e.  Influence,  see  Epidemy. 


EPIDEMICITE,  see  Epidemy. 
EPIDEMICUS,  Epidemy. 
EPIDEMIOLOG"IA,  from  ctti,  'upon,'  hr.yoi, 
'  the  people/    and    Xoyos,    '  a   description.'     The 
doctrine  of  epidemics. 

EPIBEMIQTJE,  Epidemy, 
EPIDEMIUS,  Epidemy. 

EP'IDEMY,    Epidem'ic,    Epide'mia,    Morlus 
pub'liciis,  31.  pojnda'ria,  E.  epidem'icus  seu  epi- 
de'mius, (F.)  Ep)idemie ;  Epidem'ic  disease,  Ejii- 
dem'ic  influence,  Epidem'ic  constitution  ;  from  mi, 
'upon,'  and  5i7/'os,  'the  people.'    A  disease  which 
attacks  at  the  same  time  a  number  of  individuals, 
and  which  is  depending  upon  some   particular 
constitutio  aeris,  or  condition  of  the  atmosphere, 
with  which  we  are  utterly  ignorant.     It  differs 
from  endemic,  the  latter  being  owing  to  locality; 
but  it  is  obvious,  that  should  a  particular  epide- 
mic constitution  of  the  air — epidemic"ity,  (F.)  epi- 
demicitS — exist  along  with  a  favouring  endemic 
condition,  these  combined  influences  may  act  in 
the  causation  of  several  of  those  serious  and  fatal 
complaints,  which  at  times  visit  a  district,  and 
are  never  afterwards  met  with,  or  at  least  not 
until  after  the  lapse  of  a  considerable  period. 
EPIDENDRUM  VANILLA,  see  Vanilla, 
EPID'ERIS,   Epider'rhis,  E[yp)od' eris.  Hypo- 
der'mis,  Hypoder'rhis,  from  mi,  '  upon,'  and  6cpa;, 
'the  skin.'     This  word,  with   some,   means  the 
nymphsej  with  others,  the  clitoris;  with  others, 
again,  the  prepuce  of  the  clitoris. 
EPIDERMA,  Epidermis, 
EPIDERMATIS,  Epidermis. 
EPIDER'MIC,  Epiderm'icvs,  Epiderm'al,  Epi' 
derma'lis;  same  etymon  as  epidermis.  Belonging 
to  the  epidermis, — as 

EPIDERMIC  CELLS,  see  Cell,  epidermic. 
EPIDERMIDON'OSI,  Epidermidonu'si,  from 
tiii^tpj-ui,  ' epidermis,' and  j/ocros,  'disease.'     Dis- 
eases of  the  epidermis, 

EPIDERMION,  Epidermis, 
EPIDER'MIS,  Epider'mion,  Ejyider'matia, 
Epider'ma,  Ejiicho'rium,  Sum'mitas  cutis,  Cutic'- 
ida,  C.  ex'tima,  C.  extre'ma,  Cutis  extima,  C. 
summa,  C.  vl'tima,  Pellis  summa,  Pellic'ida  sum- 
ma,  P.  supe'rior,  Lam'ina  prima  cutis,  Oper'cu- 
lum  cutis,  from  etti,  'upon,'  and  Stpiia,  'the  true 
skin.'  Scarf-skin,  cuticle.  (F.)  Surpeau,  Cuticule. 
A  transparent,  dry,  thin  membrane,  devoid  of 
nerves  and  vessels,  which  covers  all  the  surface 
of  the  body,  except  the  parts  that  correspond  to 
the  nails.  It  appears  to  consist  of  minute  scales, 
placed  one  above  the  other.  Chaussier  considers 
it  to  be  formed  and  reproduced  by  an  excretory 
action  of  the  true  skin  ;  to  act  like  a  dry  varnish, 
which  prevents  the  immediate  contact  of  bodies 
with  the  nervous  papillae,  and  consequently  to 
deaden  tactile  impressions,  which,  without  its  in- 
tervention, might  be  painful.  The  Epider'mic, 
Epider'meoiis,  or  Epider'moid  (as  Bichat  called 
it)  System,  in  general  anatomy,  comprises  three 
parts,  1,  External  Epidermis,  2,  Epidermis 
spread  over  the  mucous  membranes,  3.  The 
Nails  and  Hair, 

Epidermis  Ltngxj-s:,  see  Tongue. 
EPIDERRHIS,  Epideris, 
EPIDERRHITIS,  Nymphitis, 
EPIDESIS,  see  Bandage — e.  Haemostasia,  Li- 
gature. 

EPIDESMIS,  Epidesmus, 
EPIDESMUM,  Epidesmus, 
EPIDES'MUS,  Ejndes'mis,  Epides'mnm,Super~ 
liga'men,  from  etti,  'upon,' and  ^cw,  'I  bind.'     A 
Fascia,  bandage  or  ligature,  by  which  dressings 
are  secured. — Hippocrates, 

EPIDID'YMIS,  from  mi,  'upon,'  and  hnvfic,, 
I  '  a  testicle,'     Epidid'ymus,  Did'ymis,  I'aras't'it^*, 


EPIDIDYMITIS 


334 


EPILEPSY 


TesHc'uhis  acceso'rhis,  Caput  testis,  Corpus  rari- 
<o'suM  sou  varici/or'me  testis,  Svpiergentina'lis, 
(F.)  Corpus  oariqueux  ou  variciforwe.  That  which 
id  placed  upon  the  testicle.  A  small,  oblong,  ver- 
miform, grayish  body,  lyin,^  along  the  superior 
margin  of  the  testicle.  The  Epididj'mis  is  a 
oanal,  formed  by  the  union  of  all  the  seminiferous 
vessels  folded  several  times  upon  themselves, 
after  having  traversed  the  Coipiis  Highmoria'- 
uum.  Its  lower  portion  or  tail,  Cauda  vel  globus 
minor,  is  curved  upwards,  and  is  continuous  with 
the  vas  deferens  ;  the  opposite  extremity  is  called 
the  head,  globus  major.  The  length  of  this  canal, 
folded  as  it  is  upon  itself  and  describing  numerous 
curvatures,  is,  according  to  llunro,  32  feet. 

EPIDIDYMITIS,  Parastatitis  —  e.  Blennor- 
rhagic.  Hernia  humoralis. 

EPID'OSIS,  from  ctti,  'upon,'  and  SiSuin,  'to 
give.'  Augmentation,  increase.  A  word  applied 
to  the  natural  increase  of  the  body,  or  to  the  in- 
crease of  a  disease. 

EPID'ROME,  Epidrom'ia,  Epiph'ora,  from 
e-tificfioi,  (etti,  and  Soep-u),)  'I  run  upon.'  An  aiflux 
or  congestion  of  humours. — Galen. 

EPIDROMIA,  Epirlrome. 

EPIFAGUS  AMEKICANUS,  Orobanche  Vir- 
giniana — e.  Virginianus,  Orobanche  Virginiana. 

EPIGiE^A  REPEXS,  Trailing  Ar'hutus.Grovnd 
Laurel,  2liiyjloicer.  A  small,  trailing  plant,  of 
the  Family  Ericaceffi,  which  grows  in  sandy 
woods,  or  in  rocky  soil,  especially  in  the  shade 
of  pines.  Its  flowers  appear  early  in  spring,  and 
exhale  a  rich,  spicy  fragrance.  The  leaves  and 
Stems  are  prepared  and  used  like  uva  ursi. 

EPIGASTRAL'GIA,  from  t-iyaargiov,  'the 
epigastrium,'  and  a\yo;,  '  pain.'  Pain  at  the 
epigastrium., 

EPIGAS'TRTC,  Epigas'tricus,  Epigns'trius, 
from  t-i,  '  upon,'  and  yaarrip,  '  the  stomach.'  This 
name  has  been  given  to  several  parts. 

Epigastric  Ar'tery,  Arte'ria  epigas'tricn,  A. 
sus-pubienne,  (Gh.)  It  arises  from  the  external 
iliac,  on  a  level  with  the  crural  arch  ;  sometimes 
by  a  trunk  proper  to  it,  at  others  by  one  com- 
mon to  it  and  the  Obturator  artery.  It  ascends 
upwards  and  inwards,  behind  the  spermatic  cord, 
follows  the  outer  edge  of  the  rectus  abdominis 
muscle,  and  anastomoses,  towards  the  umbilicns, 
with  the  internal  mammary.  The  epigastric  ar- 
tery anastomoses,  also,  with  the  obturator,  sper- 
matic, lumbar,  and  intercostal  vessels. 

Epigastric  Region, /?e(/io  epigas'trica,]?.car- 
di'aca,  .R.  stomacli'ica,  11.  stomacha' lis,  is  the  su- 
perior region  of  the  abdomen,  comprised  between 
the  false  ribs  on  each  side,  and  extending  from 
the  lower  surface  of  the  diaphragm  to  two  fingers' 
breadth  above  the  umbilicus.  It  is  divided  into 
three  parts,  one  middle,  the  epigas'trium, — and 
two  lateral,  the  liypochon'dria. 

Epigastric  Veix  follows  nearly  the  same  course 
as  the  arterv. 

EPIGASTRICUS,  Epigastric. 

EPIGAS'TRIUM.  Same  etymon.  The  belly; 
the  epigastric  resriun. 

EPIGASTRIUS,  Ejiigastric. 

EPIGASTROCE'LE,  from  cvi,  'upon,'  yaarrip, 
'the  stomach,'  and  KriXrj,  'a  tumour.'  Ilernia, 
formed  by  the  stomach  ;  Gas'troce'le.  This  name 
has  been  given  more  especially  to  hernia,  which 
occurs  towards  the  upper  part  of  the  linea  alba 
or  in  the  epigastric  region,  whether  formed  or 
not  by  the  stomach. 

EPIGENEMA,  Enigenesis. 

EPIGEN'ESIS,  from  tn,  'upon,'  and  ycvccig, 

'generation.'     A  theory  of  conception,  according 

to  which  the  new  being  is  created  entirely  anew; 

ttiid  receives  at  once  from  each  parent  the  ma- 


terials necessary  for  its  formation.  Also,  a  new 
formation. 

Epigenesis,  as  well  as  Epigene'ma,  or  Epigen- 
•nc'ma,  is,  also,  applied  to  any  symptom  occurring 
during  a  disease,  without  changing  its  nature. 
An  acces-sory  symptom.  Epiginom' encs,  Super- 
ve'niens,  has  a  similar  acceptation. 

EPIGIKOMEXOS,  see  Epigenesis. 

EPIGLOT'TIC,  E2}iglot'tieus :  same  etymon. 
Pv-elating  to  the  epiglottis. 

Epiglottic  Gland,  Periglot'tis,  Caro  glandu- 
lo'sa.  A  collection  of  small,  glandular  granula, 
situate  in  the  adipose,  areolar  texture  at  the 
base  of  the  anterior  surface  of  the  epiglottis,  in  a 
triangular  space,  bounded  anteriorly  by  the  thy- 
ro-hyoid  membrane  and  thyroid  cartilage.  It 
pours  out  an  unctuous  and  mucous  fluid,  which 
lubricates  the  epiglottis,  keeps  it  supple  and 
movable,  and  prevents  the  larynx  from  being 
irritated  by  the  constant  passage  of  the  air,  in 
the  act  of  respiration. 

EPIGLOT'TIS,  from  tin,  'upon,'  and  yXuTrt?, 
'the  glottis.'  Epiiglot' tic  cartilage,  Lig'ulujOpier'- 
ciduni  laryn'gis.  Lingua  Ex'igua,  Jyin'gula  fis'tu- 
lee,  Suhlin'guuw,  Superlig'ida.  A  fibro-cartilage, 
situate  at  the  upper  part  of  the  larynx,  behind 
the  base  of  the  tongue.  Its  form  is  oval ;  texture 
elastic;  thickness  greater  below  than  above,  and 
greater  in  the  middle  than  at  the  sides.  By  its 
smaller  extremity,  which  is  the  lower,  it  is  at- 
tached to  the  thyroid  cartilage ;  its  two  surfaces 
are  covered  by  the  mucous  membrane  of  the 
pharynx  and  larynx.  The  special  use  of  the 
epiglottis  would  seem  to  be  to  cover  the  glottis 
accurately  at  the  moment  of  deglutition,  and, 
thus,  to  assist  in  opposing  the  passage  of  alimen- 
tary substances  into  the  air  tubes. 

EPIGLOTTI'TIS,  Inflamma'tio  Epiglot'tidis, 
(F.)  Inflammation  de  V Epiglotte,  Angi'nu  epi- 
glottide'a.     Inflammation  of  the  epiglottis. 

EPIGLOT'TUM.  An  instrument,  mentioned 
by  Paracelsus,  for  raising  the  eyelids.  It  resem- 
bled the  epiglottis  in  shape. 

EPIGLOU'TIS,  from  £7n,.'upon,'  and  y^ov-os, 
'  the  buttocks.'  The  superior  region  of  the  nates. 
— GorrsBus. 

EPIGOXATJS,  Patella. 

E  PIG 'ONE,  Gone,  Hypoph'ysis,  Progen'ies, 
Proles,  Sob'oles,  Sub'oles,  from  t-i,  'upon,'  and 
yovrj,  'sperm.'  Offspring.  Progeny.  Also,  Su- 
perfcetation. 

EPIGONIOX,  Foetus. 

EPIGONIS,  Patella. 

EPIGONON,  Superfcetation. 

EPIGOUNIS,  Patella. 

EPIGUNIS,  Patella. 

EPILATORIUM,  Depilatory. 

EPILEMPSIS,  Epilepsy. 

EPILENTIA,  Epilepsy. 

EPILEPSIA,  Epilepsy  — e.  Acuta  Infantum 
Eclampsia  —  e.  Algetica,  see  Algos  ■ — e.  Febrili." 
infantum.  Eclampsia — e.  Nocturna,  Incubus — e. 
Puerilis,  Eclampsia  infantum — e.  Saltatoria,  Cho- 
rea—  e.  Uterina,  Lorind  matricis. 

EPILEPSIE,  Epilepsy— e.  Utirine,  Hysteria 
— e.  Vertige,  see  Epilepsia. 

EP'ILEPSY,  'tcpyj  rovcTo;,  ai\r]vaia  vovcog,  Epi- 
Icp'sia,  E]'/ilej)'sis,  Epilcmp'sis,  Ep^'hn'tia,  Sys- 
pja'sia  Epilcjjsin,  Catalen'tia,  Dcciden'tia,  Pas'aio 
cadi'va,  Jlorbus  comit"ialis,  JIf.  cadu'cus,  M. 
Ilercu'lens,  Heracle'us  morbus,  Jf.  sacer,  Jf.  as- 
tra'lis,  M.  sidera'tvs,  M.  damonr'aeus,  J/.  Sancti 
Johan'ni's,  M.  foedus,  Hieran'osus,  M.  pueri'lis, 
Diprehen'sio,  Clonos  epilep'sia,  Ulcran'i'sos,  Pre- 
hen'sio,  Perdit" lo,  Epilep'tica  pas'aio,  Jforhus 
mngnns,  II.  Jfojor,  31.  Inlerlii'nius,  Jf.  divi'iuis, 
J/,   dmmo'nius,   31.  son'ticus,    3L   sehni'acus,  M. 


EPILEPTIC 


335 


EPIPHORA 


htnnt'ieus,  M.  meitsa'lis,  IL  dcif'ieia^,  IF.  sceles'- 
tus,  M.  viti-ioki'tus,  M.  viridel'lus,  31.  Sancti  Vci- 
lenti'ni,  Malum  eadu'cum,  Analep'sia,  Catopto'sis, 
Jnsa'nia  cadi'va,  Apoplex'ia parva,  Cadu' ca  p>aH' - 
aio,  Lues  divi'na,  Vit"ium  cndu'euin  sen  dtvi'mim 
eeuHercu'Ieum,  Falling  sickness,  (P.)  Mai  caduc, 
Mai  divin,  Mai  Saint-Jean,  Mai  de  Terre,  Haut- 
mal.  The  word  is  derived  from  t-KiXajxliavisi,  '  I 
seize  upon/  It  is  a  disease  of  the  brnin,  which 
may  either  be  idiopathic  or  symptomatic,  sponta- 
neous or  accidental,  and  which  occurs  in  parox- 
ysms, with  uncertain  intervals  between.  These 
paroxysms  are  characterized  by  loss  of  sensation 
and  convulsive  motions  of  the  muscles.  Fre- 
quently, the  fit  attacks  suddenly,-  at  other  times, 
it  is  preceded  by  indisposition,  vertigo,  and  stu- 
por. At  times,  before  the  loss  of  consciousness 
occurs,  a  sensation  of  a  cold  vapour  is  felt,  hence 
called  aura  epiilep' tiea.  This  appears  to  rise  in 
BOme  part  of  the  body,  proceeds  towards  the 
head;  and  as  soon  as  it  has  reached  the  brain 
the  patient  falls  down.  The  ordinary  duration 
of  a  fit  is  from  5  to  20  minutes.  Sometimes  it 
goes  off  in  a  few  seconds;  at  others,  it  is  pro- 
tracted for  hours.  In  all  cases,  there  is  a  loss 
of  sensation,  sudden  falling  down,  distortion  of 
the  eyes  and  face;  countenance  of  a  red,  purple 
or  violet  colour;  grinding  of  the  teeth;  foaming 
at  the  mouth  ;  convulsions  of  the  limbs  ;  difficult 
respiration,  generally  stertorous ;  with,  some- 
times, involuntary  discharge  of  fteces  and  urine. 
After  the  fit,  the  patient  retains  not  the  least  re- 
collection of  what  has  passed,  but  remains,  for 
Bome  time,  afi'ected  with  head-ach,  stupor,  and 
lassitude. 

The  disease  is  in  the  brain,  and  is  generalh'' 
organic;  but  it  may  be  functional  and  sympto- 
matic of  irritation  in  other  parts,  as  in  the  sto- 
mach, bowels,  <fcc.  The  prognosis,  as  to  ultimate 
recovery,  is  unfavourable.  It  does  not,  however, 
frequently  destroy  life,  but  is  apt  to  lead  to  men- 
tal imbecility.  Dissection  has  not  thrown  light 
on  its  pathology. 

To  the  attacks  of  epilepsy  which  are  unaccom- 
panied by  convulsions,  as  is  sometimes  the  case, 
the  French  give  the  name  Petit-mal,  and  Epi- 
lepsie  Yerti'je.  When  furious  mania  succeeds  to 
a  paroxysm,  it  is  termed  Mania  epileptica  and 
Epiileptic  Delirium, 

In  the  treatment,  the  cause  must  be  sought 
after,  and  if  possible  removed.  In  the  paroxysm, 
but  little  can  be  done;  but  as  the  tongue  is  liable 
to  be  injured  by  the  teeth,  the  jaws  may  be  kept 
open  by  putting  a  cork  or  piece  of  wood  between 
them.  If  the  fit  has  been  brought,  on  by  indi- 
gestible food,  the  stomach  must  be  cleared.  It 
is  between  the  parox3-sms  that  the  great  effort 
must  be  made.  Generally,  there  is  considerable 
irritability  and  debility  of  the  nervous  system, 
and  hence  tonics  have  been  found  the  best  reme- 
dies. Of  these,  perhaps  the  most  powerful,  in 
epilepsy,  is  the  argenti  nitras,  given  regularly 
and  continued  for  months,  if  necessary.  Prepa- 
rations of  iron,  copper,  and  zinc,  have  also  been 
used,  and  vegetable  tonics  and  antispasmodics  in 
general.  Counter  irritants,  as  blisters,  moxa, 
&c.,  may  be  employed,  if  necessary,  along  with 
this  course. 

Unfortunately,  in  many  cases,  these  means  are 
found  insufiieient,  and  all  that  can  be  done  is  to 
palliate,  removing  carefully  the  exciting  causes ; 
such  as  the  use  of  spirituous  liquors,  strong  emo- 
tions, violent  exercise,  &,c. ;  and  regulating  the 
diet. 

EPILEP'TIC,  Epilep'ticus,  Epilcp'tus,  Lnnat'- 
icun,  Cadu'caus ;  same  etymon.  One  attacked 
with  epilepsy.  Any  thing  relating  to  epileps.y ; 
US  an  epiliri'tic  iudicidual;  an  epiilrp'tic  sytnp- 


tom.  Some  authors  also  speak  of  epileptic  reme- 
dies. 

EPILEP'TOID,  Epileptoi' des  ;  same  etymon, 
K.esembling  epiilepsy — as  '  epilcptoid  symptoms.' 

EPILO'BIUM  AUGUS'ilFO'LIUiM,  Great 
Willoic  herb.  An  indigenous  plant.  Order,  Ona- 
gracea;,  which  flowers  in  Jnlj.  The  root  is  emol- 
lient and  slightly  astringent. 

Epilobiuh  Colora'tum,  Pinple-veined  Willoio 
herb,  has  similar  properties. 

Epilobium  Villo'sum,  a  South  African  plant, 
is  used  at  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope  as  a  domestic 
remedy  for  cleansing  foul  ulcers. 

EPIM'ANES.  A  name  given  to  a  maniac 
when  in  a  paroxysm. 

EPIMELE'TAI,  from  t-i/ifAfo^zai,  (e-j,  and 
ji/cXu,)  'I  take  care  of.'  A  name  by  which  tho 
ancient  Persians  called  the  curers  of  icounds,  v;h<i 
followed  their  armies. 

EPIMOR'IOS,  'unequal;'  from  £m,  and /itipu, 
'I  divide.'  An  epithet  applied  to  the  pulse  when 
unecjual. — Galen. 

EPINARD,  Spinacia  —  e.  Sauvage,  Chenopo- 
dium  bonus  Henricus. 

EPINE,  Spine — e.  du  Eos,  Vertebral  column 
— ('.  Guttvrale,  Nasal  spine,  inferior  and  posterior 
—  e.  Sphenoidale,  Si^henoidal  spine  —  e.  Vinette, 
OxTcantha  Galeni. 

EPIjN'EMESIS,  Dispensation. 

EPIXEPH'ELOS,  Nubilo'svs.  Presenting  a 
cloud.     Applied  to  the  urine. — Hippocrates. 

EPINEUX,  Spinous  —  e.  du  Eos,  grand,  Spi- 
nalis dorsi  major:  see  Interspinales  dorsi  et  lum- 
borum — e.  du  Eos,  petit,  see  Interspinales  dorsi 
et  lumborum. 

EPINGLE,  Pin. 

EPINIERE,  Spinal. 

EPINOTION,  Scapula. 

EPINTC'TIDES,  from  t^rt,  'upon.'  and  v^,^, 
'the  night.'  Eruptions  which  appear  on  the  skin 
in  the  night,  and  disappear  in  the  day.  Pus'tula 
livens  et  noc'tibus  ingiric'tans. — Pliny. 

EPIXTCTIS  PRURIGIKOSA,  Urticaria. 

EPIOXE,  Deeidua. 

EPIPAROXYS'MUS.  A  paroxysm  super- 
added to  an  ordinary  paroxysm. 

EPIPASTUM,  Catapasmum. 

EPIPE'CIIU,  t-i-rixv,  from  etti,  'upon,'  and 
-r/X^'St  'the  elbow.'  The  upper  part  of  the  elboAv. 
— Gorrasus. 

EPIPEPHTCOS,  Conjunctiva. 

EPIPH^EXOM'ENOX,  Post  appa'rens ;  same 
etymon.  Any  kind  of  adventitious  symptom 
which  occurs  during  the  progress  of  an  afl'ection  : 
and  which  is  not  as  intimately  connected  with 
the  existence  of  the  disease  as  the  symptoms 
properly  so  called. 

EPIPHA'NIA,  from  cti,  'upon,'  and  ^an-o),  'I 
exhibit.'  The  external  appearance  of  the  body. 
— Castelli. 

EPIPH'LEBUS,  from  cm,  'upon,'  and  (f.'kc^; 
'a  vein.'  An  epitliet  given  to  those  whose  veins 
are  very  apparent, — Iiippoc,  Ai'etajus. 

EPIPHLEGIA.  Inflammation. 

EPIPHLOGISMA,  Erysipelatous  inflamma- 
tion. 

EPIPHLOGOSIS,  Hyperphlogosis. 

EPIPH'ORA,  Dacryno'ma,  Lachri/ma'tio,  Ee- 
lachryma'tio,  lUaclirynia'tio,  Still icid  mm  lachry- 
ma'rxun,  Oc'ulus  lach'rymans  ;  from  tmcttpu,  (cti, 
and  0£:pw,)  'I  carry  to.'  Weeping.  (F.)  Larmoic- 
ment.  The  vmtery  eye;  —  an  involuntary  and 
constant  flow  of  tears  upon  the  cheek.  It  is  al- 
most always  symptomatic  of  some  disease  of  ihe 
lachrymal  passages,  and  occurs  when  the  tear* 
cannot  p:iss   into   the  ductus  ad  nasum.     Ocu*- 


EPIPHYMATA 


336 


EPIPLOSCnEOCELE 


Sionally,  it  is  owing  to  the  tears  being  secreted 
in  too  great  quantity ;  as  in  certain  cases  of  oph- 
thalmia. The  treatment  must  of  course  be  di- 
rected to  the  removal  of  the  cause. 

EpipnoRA,  Epidrome,  Ophthalmia — e.  Alvi, 
Diarrhoea  —  e.  Ptyalismus,  Salivation. 

EPIPHYMATA,  Cutaneous  diseases. 

'EPIPWY SIB,  Additamen' turn,  fromcTri,  'upon,' 
and  (pvo),  '  I  arise.'  Any  portion  of  a  bone,  sepa- 
rated from  the  body  of  the  bone  by  a  cartilage, 
which  becomes  converted  into  bone  by  age.  The 
epiphysis  of  the  fcetus  becomes  the  apiophysia  of 
the  adult. 

Epiphysis  Cruris  Longioeis  Incudis,  Os  or- 
biculare. 

EP'IPHYTE,  Epiph'yton,  from  em,  'upon,' 
and  (pvTov,  •  a  plant.'  A  parasite  derived  from 
the  vegetable  liingdom.  Epiphytes  are  divided 
by  Vogel  into  1.  Vegetations  in  the  human  iiuids, 
as  the  tor'ida  cerevis'im  in  vomited  fluids  and 
fseeal  evacuations,  and  the  sar'cina  ventric'uli, 
2.  Vegetations  on  the  external  skin  and  its  ap- 
pendages, as  in  tinea  favosa,  mentagra,  herpes 
tonsurans  and  plica  polonica,  and,  3.  Vegetations 
ou  the  mucous  membrane, — for  example,  in  the 
aphtha3  of  children ;  in  the  cicatrices  of  the  mu- 
cous membrane  after  typhus,  &c. 

EPIPLASMA,  Cataplasm.  Galen  uses  it  es- 
pecially for  an  application  of  wheaten  flour, 
boUed  in  hi/drelcBum,  and  applied  to  wounds. 

EPIPLE'GIA^  from  e-i,  'above,'  and  irXriyri, 
'  a  stroke.      Paralysis  of  the  upper  extremities. 

EPIPLERO'SIS,  from  em,  'augmentative,'' 
and  -X'lpijxjis,  'repletion.'  Excessive  repletion; 
distention. 

EPIP'LOCE,  from  sn,  'upon,'  and  ttXeko),  'I 
twine.'     Coition.     Entanglement. 

Epip'loce  Intestina'lis,  Conglomera'tio  in- 
testino'rum.     Conglomeration  of  the  intestines. 

EPIPLOCE'LE,  from  simt'Xoov,  'omentum,'  and 
KrjXn,  'tumour.'  Epipt'loio  Tier'nia,  Zirha'lis  her- 
nia, Hernia  omenta'lis.  Omental  hernia,  {^.)IIer- 
nie  de  V epiploon.  Omental  hernia  is  recognised 
— but  at  times  with  difficulty — by  a  soft,  unequal, 
pasty  tumour,  in  which  no  gurgling  sound  is 
heard  on  pressing  or  reducing  it.'  It  is  less  dan- 
gerous than  hernia  of  the  intestines. 

EPIPLO-ENTEROCE'LE,  from  nri-nXoov,  'the 
omentum,'  evrepov,  '  intestine,'  and  KifXri,  '  tumour.' 
Hernia,  formed  by  the  epiploon  and  a  portion  of 
intestine.  It  is  more  commonly  called  En'tero- 
epipiloce'le. 

EPIPLOENTEROOSCHEOCE'LE,  Epiptlo- 
enteroschoce'le,  from  CTrnrXoov,  '  omentum,'  tvrzpuv, 
'intestine,'  o<i)(^€ov,  'scrotum,'  and  KrjXri,  'rupture.' 
Hernia  with  omentum  and  intestine  in  the  scro- 
tum. 

EPIP'LOIC,  Epiplo'icua.  Relating  to  the 
epiploon. 

Epiploic  Appen'dages;  Appendic'nla  epi- 
plo'icce,  A.  pinguedino' 8(B,  Fim'hricB  carno'am 
coli,  Suppletnen'ta  ep)ip)lo'ica.  Prolongations  of 
the  peritoneum  beyond  the  surface  of  the  large 
intestine,  which  are  analogous  in  texture  and 
arrangement  to  the  epiploon. 

Epiploic  Ar'teries;  Arte'ricB  Epiplo'iccB. 
The  arterial  branches,  which  are  distributed  to 
the  epiploon,  and  which  are  given  ofl"  by  the  gas- 
tro-epiploicte. 

EPIPLO-ISCHIOCE'LE,  from  c-^-\oov,  'the 
epiploon,'  kt^iov,  'the  ischium,'  and  kvAi?,  'a  tu- 
mour.' Hernia  formed  by  the  epiploon  through 
the  ischiatic  notch. 

EPIPLOi'TIS,  from  cztnXoov,  'the  omentum,' 
and  itis,  denoting  inflammation.  Inflammation 
vf  the  omentum;   Omenti'tis,  Emp>reama  licrito- 


nitis  omenta'lis,  Omenti  inflarfma' tio,  EnterVtit 
epiiploV lis,  Omente'sis.  A  form  of  partial  perito- 
nitis. 

EPIPLOMEROCE'LE,  from  tviTrXoov,  'the 
omentum,'  ftripo<:,  'the  thigh,'  and  KriXrj,  'a  tu- 
mour.'    Femoral  hernia,  formed  by  the  epiploon. 

EPIPLOMPHALOCELE,  Epiplomjihalon. 

EPIPLOM'PHALON,  Epiijlobm'phalon,  Ejn- 
jolomphaloce' le,  Hernia  vmhilica'lis,  from  £7ri:rXoov, 
'the  omentum,'  and  ofjKpaXos,  'the  navel.'  Umbi- 
lical hernia,  formed  by  the  epiploon. 

EPIPLOM'PHRASIS,  from  i-cTrXoov,  '  the  epi- 
ploon,' and  ejjKppacraoi,  'I  obstruct.'  IndiU'ation 
of  the  epiploon. 

EPIPLOOCOMIS'TES,  from  ETrwA oov,  'the  epi- 
ploon,' and  Kojjii^ij},  'I  carry.'  One  who  has  the 
omentum  morbidly  large.  Also,  one  labouring 
under  epiplocele. 

EPIP'LOON,  Epijylonm,  from  z-ri,  'above,'  and 
TrXto),  '  I  swim  or  float.'  Omen'tuni,  liete,  Retic'- 
ulum ;  Dertron ;  Zirhus,  Gan'game,  Gangamum, 
Operimen'tum  intestino'rum,  Saccus  e2^i2^lo'iciis, 
Sagc'na.  The  Catd.  A  prolongation  of  the  pe- 
ritoneum, which  floats  above  a  portion  of  the  in- 
testines, and  is  formed  of  two  membranous  layers, 
with  vessels  and  fatty  bands  distributed  through 
it.  Anatomists  have  described  several  epiploons. 
The  uses  of  the  omentum  are  but  little  known. 
The  chief  one  seems  to  be,  to  retain  the  viscera 
in  situ,  and  to  give  passage  to  vessels. 

EpiPLOO>f,  Colic,  Colic  Omentum,  0.  co'licvm, 
Third  Epiploon  or  Omentum,  is  a  dupilieature  of 
the  peritoneum,  situate  along  the  ascending  por- 
tion of  the  colon,  as  far  as  its  junction  with  the 
transverse  portion.  It  is  behind  the  great  epi- 
ploon, and  fills  up  the  angle  formed  by  the  junc- 
tion of  the  ascending  with  the  tranfverse  colon. 
Its  two  laminte  are  separated  by  colic  arteries 
and  veins. 

Epiploon,  Gastro-Colic,  Great  Omentum, 
Omentum  gast/'o-co'licum.  Omentum  majvs,  Peri- 
tonm'um  duplica'tum.,  Rete  tnajus,  Zirhus  adipi'- 
nus,  consists  of  an  extensive  dnplieature,  which 
is  free  and  floating  on  the  folds  of  the  intestines. 
It  is  quadrilateral,  and  longer  on  the  left  side 
than  on  the  right: — its  base  being  fixed,  ante- 
riorly, to  the  great  curvature  of  the  stomach ; 
and,  posteriorly,  to  the  arch  of  the  colon.  It  is 
formed  of  two  lamina?,  each  consisting  of  two 
others.  In  this  epiploon  a  number  of  vessels  iS 
distributed,  and  there  is  much  fat. 

Epiploon,  Gasteo-IIepatic,  Lesser  Omentum, 
Omentum  hep>'ato-gas'triciim,  Omentum  miniia, 
Memhra'na  macilen'tior,  is  a  duplieature  of  the 
peritoneum,  which  extends  transversely  from  the 
right  side  of  the  cardia  to  the  corresponding  ex- 
tremity of  the  fissure  of  the  liver,  and  down- 
wards from  this  fissure  to  the  lesser  curvature  of 
the  stomach,  the  pylorus  and  duodenum.  Be 
low  it  is  ihQ  foramen  or  hiatus  of  AVinslow;  and 
between  its  laminas  are  lodged  the  biliary  and 
hepatic  vessels.  It  contains  but  little  fat.  If 
air  be  lilown  in  at  the  foramen  of  Winslow,  the 
cavity  of  the  omentum  will  be  rendered  percep- 
tible. 

Epiploon,  Gastro-Splenic,  Gastro- Splenic 
Omentum,  0.  Gastro-sple'nicum.  A  refleetion  of 
the  peritoneum,  which  passes  between  the  con- 
cave suTfaco  of  the  spleen  and  the  stomach,  from 
the  cardiac  orifice  to  near  its  great  curvature,  and 
which  lodges  the  vasa  brevia  and  splenic  vessels 
between  its  lamina?. 

EPIPLOSARCOM'PHALUS,  from  c-twXoov, 
'the  epiploon,'  trnpf,  'flesh,'  and  ojicpaXos,  'the 
navel.'  Umbilical  hernia,  formed  of  indurated 
omentum. 

EPIPLOSCHEOCE'LE,  Epiploschoce'Ie,  from 


EPIPLOUM 


337 


EPISYNTHETIC 


tim\oov,  'the  epiploon,'  o^x^ov,  'the  scrotum/ 
and  (cjA*),  'tumour.'  Scrotal  hernia,  formed  by  a 
displacL'ment  of  the  epiploon. 

EPIPLOUM,  Epiploon. 

EPIPNOIA,  Afaatus. 

EPIPORO'MA,  from  iri-upou,  (e-m,  and  Trwpooi,) 
•  '1  harden.'  A  tophaceous  concretion  which  forms 
in  the  joints,    ^he  callus  of  fracture. 

EPIR'RHOE,  Epirrhoe'a,  from  tirj,  'upon,'  and 
pfd),  '  I  flow.'  Afflux  or  congestion  of  humours. 
— Hippocrates. 

EPIRRH(EA,  Epirrhoe. 

EPISARCIDIUM,  Anasarca. 

EPIS'CHESIS,  Retention;  from  tfrwxvoi,  'I 
restrain.'     A  suppression  of  excretions. 

EPISCHET'ICUS ;  same  etymon.  Sistens, 
Bep'rimens,  Co'hihens.  '  Restraining.'  An  agent 
that  diminishes — secretion,  for  example. 

EPISCHION,  Abdomen,  Pubes,  Pubis  os. 

EPISCOPALES  VALVULE,  Mitral  valres. 

EPISEION,  Pubis  (os),  Vulva,  Labium  Pu- 
dendi,  Tressoria. 

EPISEMA'SIA,  from  t-KKrviiaiva,  (e-rt,  and  ar;iia, 
*a  sign,)  'I  afford  some  sign.'  Sema'sin.  It  has 
been  used  synonymously  ivith  sign,  and  also  with 
the  invasion  of  an  attack  of  fever.  See  Annotatio. 

EPISIOCELE,  see  Hernia,  vulvar. 

EPISKEDE'MA,  from  z-ktuov,  'the  labia  pu- 
dendi,'  and  oiirifia,  '  oedema.'  OEdema  of  the  labia 
pudendi. 

EPISION,  Episeion. 

EPISION'CUS,  EphlopTiy' ma,  from  tTtiauov, 
(modern,)  'the  labium  pudendi,'  and  oyKo^,  'a 
tumour.'  Tumor  lablu'rum.  A  swelling  or  tu- 
mour of  the  labia  pudendi. 

EPISIOPHYMA,  Episioncus. 

EPISIORRHAG"IA,  from  itticciov,  'the  labia 
pudendi,'  and  payr], '  rupture.'  Hemorrhage  from 
the  labia  pudendi. 

EPISIOR'RHAPHY,  Ejnsiorrhaph'ia,  from 
c-icrziov,  (modern,)  'the  labium  pudendi,'  'the 
vulva,'  and  pa<j>ri,  '  suture.'  An  operation  prac- 
tised in  cases  of  prolapsus  uteri,  which  consists 
in  paring  the  opposing  surfaces  of  the  labia  pu- 
dendi, bringing  them  together  and  uniting  them 
by  suture,  so  as  to  diminish  the  outlet  of  the  vulva. 

EPISOi'TIS,  from  CTziryuov,  'the  labia  pudendi,' 
and  itis,  denoting  '  inflammation.'  Inflammation 
of  the  labia  pudendi. 

EPISPA'DIA  ;  Hyperspa' clia  ;  same  etymon 
as  the  next.     The  condition  of  an  Epispadias. 

EPISPA'DIAS,  Episp)acli(B'us,  Anaspa'dins, 
A  naspacUm'us,  ffi/perspa'dias,  HyperfpadicB'ns, 
from  £iri,  '  above,'  and  (nraw,  '  I  draw.'  The  op- 
posite to  Hypospadias.  One  who  has  a  preter- 
natural opening  of  the  urethra  at  the  upper  part 
of  the  penis. 

EPISPAS'TICS,  Ephpas'tica,  Ves'icants, 
Helc'tiea,  (F.)  Ej}is2}ast)ques ;  same  etymon.  An 
epithet  for  every  medicinal  substance  which, 
when  applied  to  the  skin,  excites  pain,  heat,  and 
more  or  less  redness,  followed  by  separation  of 
the  epidermis,  which  is  raised  up  by  effused  serum. 
Cantharides  and  mustard  are  epispastics.  See 
Blister  and  Derivative. 

EPISPASTICUM,  Blister. 

JEPISPASTIQUES,  T^-pis-pa.stlcs. 

EPISPASTUM,  Catapasma. 

EPISPH^'RIA,  from  etti,  'upon,'  and  a^atpa, 
'  a  sphere.'  Some  physiologists  have  applied  this 
term  to  the  different  convolutions  and  sinuosities 
presented  by  the  external  surface  of  the  brain. 

EPISPHAGISMOS,  Signature. 

EPISTACTIS'CHESIS,  from  tmiTTa^i;,  'epis- 
taxis,'  and  ta^ti-v,  '  to  restrain.'     Arrest  of  bleed- 
ing from  the  nose. 
22 


EPISTAPHYLINI,  see  Azygos  Muscle. 

EPIS'TASIS,  Insiden'tia,  from  zru,  '  upon,' 
and  oraui,  'I  rest.'  A  substance  which  swims  at 
the  surface  of  urine.  It  is  opposed  to  the  hyiws- 
tasis  or  sediment.  Epistasis  has  also  been  em- 
ployed synonymonslj'  with  suppression. 

EPISTAX'IS,  from  £77<,  'upon,'  and  a-a^u),  'I 
flow  drop  by  drop.'  HcE7norrhag"ia  aciica  na'- 
rium,  H.  nann'ea,  H.  na'riu'in,  Ejiistnx' is  jxtnio'- 
rum,  Epistax'is  arterio'sa,  Hamorrhin' ia,  Hcz- 
morhinorr}i.ag"ia,  Hcematis'mus,  Ghoanorrhacj"ia, 
lihinorrliag" ia,  Stillicid'inm  seu  Stilla'tio  Sang'- 
uinis  e  nar'ihus,  Hemorrhage  from  the  pituitary 
membrane,  Bleeding  at  the  nose.  Nosebleed,  (F.) 
Hemorrhagie  nasale,  Saignement  du  nez,  Hhnor- 
rhinie.  This  is  one  of  the  most  common  varie- 
ties of  hemorrhage ;  the  organization  of  the 
Schneiderian  membrane  being  favourable  to  it, 
as  the  blood-vessels  are  but  slightly  supported. 
It  does  not  generally  flow  from  both  nostrils,  and 
is  very  apt  to  recur.  Puberty  is  the  period  at 
which  it  is  most  common.  Its  exciting  causes 
are:  —  any  thing  that  will  induce  local  conges- 
tions, as  running,  coughing,  blowing  the  nose, 
&c.,  provided  there  be  a  predisposition  to  it.  A 
common  case  of  epistaxis  requires  but  little  treat- 
ment, especiallj'  if  in  a  young  person.  Light 
diet  and  a  dose  or  two  of  the  sulphate  of  magne- 
sia will  be  sufficient.  In  more  severe  attacks, 
cold  and  astringent  washes  of  alum,  sulphate  of 
zinc,  weak  sulphuric  acid,  or  creosote,  may  be 
used,  and  the  nostrils  be  plugged  anteriorly  ;  but 
if  the  bleeding  goes  on  posteriorly,  the  posterior 
nares  must  be  plugged  likewise,  —  the  patient 
being  kept  with  the  head  raised.  The  flow  of 
blood  has  been  arrested  by  directing  the  patient 
to  stand  up  with  his  head  elevated,  compressing 
the  nostril  whence  the  blood  flows  with  the  finger, 
raising  the  corresponding  arm  perpendicularly, 
and  holding  it  in  this  position  for  about  two  mi- 
nutes. A  less  vigorous  circulation  through  the 
carotids  appears  to  result  from  the  increased 
force  required  to  carry  on  the  circulation  through 
the  upper  extremities  when  raised.  —  Negrier. 
To  prevent  the  recurrence,  strict  diet  must  bo  in- 
culcated. 

EPISTER'NAL,  Episterna'lis,  from  m,  'upon,^ 
and  aripvov,  '  the  sternum.'  An  epithet  applied 
to  two  bones  which  form  part  of  the  sternum,  and 
are  situate  upon  its  superior  and  lateral  part.  In 
the  young  subject,  they  are  attached  to  the  ster- 
num by  a  synovial  membrane,  and  a  fibrous  cap- 
sule. They  have  somewhat  the  appearance  of 
the  pisiform  bones,  but  are  of  a  greater  size. 

According  to  Professor  Owen,  the  piece  of  a 
segment  of  an  articulate  animal,  which  is  imme- 
diately above  the  middle  inferior  piece  or  sternum. 

EPISTHOT'ONOS,  from  eni^div,  'forwards,'' 
and  TEn'o),  'I  extend.'  A  spasm  of  the  muscles, 
drawing  the  body  forwards.  The  word  empros- 
thotonos  is  more  commonly  employed. 

EPISTROPHE,  Relapse. 

EPISTROPHEUS,  Axis. 

EPISTROPHUS^Axis. 

EPISYNAN'CHE,  (eiri,  and  synanche  or  cynan- 
che,)  Episynangi'na.  A  Greek  word,  used  by  a 
modern  writer  for  spasm  of  the  pharynx,  by 
which  deglutition  is  prevented,  and  the  solid  and 
liquid  food  driven  back  towards  the  mouth  or 
nasal  fossae. 

EPISYNTHET'IC,  Ept8ynt7iet'ious,fTom  en- 
(jvvTi3r}ni,  (fTTi,  cvv,  and  TiOrini,)  'to' collect,  accu- 
mulate.' The  name  of  a  medical  sect,  whose  ob- 
ject it  was  to  reconcile  the  principles  of  the  Me- 
thodists with  those  of  the  Empirics  and  Dogma 
tists.  Leonides  of  Alexandria  seems  to  have  liee.n 
one  of  the  first  partisans  of  this  seetj  of  w^ich 
we  know  little. 


EPITASIS 


338 


EQUITATION 


EPIT'ASIS,  from  £771,  and  tzivuv,  'to  estend.' 
The  period  of  violence  of  a  fever,  [Fehris  inten'- 
w'o,)  attack  or  paroxysm;  sometimes  it  is  used  in 
tne  same  sense  as  epistasis,  for  'suppression.' 

EPITELIUM,  Epithelium. 

EPITHE'LIAL,  Epithelia'Us ;  same  etymon 
as  ejjithelium.  Appertaining  or  relating  to  the 
epithelium, — as  'epithelial  cells,  or  scales.' 

EPITHE'LIUM,  Epite'Uam,  EpWie'Us,  Ende- 
piderm'is,  from  stti,  'upon,'  and  Bri\ri,  'a  nipple.' 
The  thin  layer  of  epidermis,  which  covers  parts 
deprived  of  derma,  properly  so  called,  —  as  the 
nipple,  mucous  membranes,  lips,  &c  Modern 
histological  researches  have  shown  that  it  ex- 
ists, in  diiFerent  forms,  pavement,  cylinder  and 
vibratile  or  ciliated  epithelium.  Tesselated  epi- 
thelium covers  the  serous  and  synovial  mem- 
branes, the  lining  of  blood-vessels,  and  the  mu- 
cous membranes,  except  where  cylinder  epithe- 
lium exists.  It  is  spread  over  the  mouth,  pha- 
rynx and  oesophagus,  conjunctiva,  vagina,  and 
entrance  of  the  female  urethra.  Cylinder  epithe- 
lium is  found  in  the  intestinal  canal,  beyond  the 
cardiac  orifice  of  the  stomach ;  in  the  larger 
ducts  of  the  salivary  glands ;  in  the  ductus  com- 
munis choledochus,  prostate,  Cowper's  glands, 
vesicula;  seminales,  vas  deferens,  tubuli  uriniferi, 
and  urethra  of  the  male ;  and  lines  the  urinary 
passages  of  the  female,  from  the  orifice  of  the 
urethra  to  the  beginning  of  the  tubuli  uriniferi 
of  the  kidneys.  In  all  these  situations,  it  is  con- 
tinuous with  tesselated  epithelium,  which  lines 
the  more  delicate  ducts  of  the  various  glands. 
Por  the  uses  of  the  ciliated  epithelium,  see  Cilia. 

EP'ITHEM,  Epith'ema  or  Epithe'ma,  from  £ri, 
'upon,'  and  n^rini,  'I  put.'  This  term  is  applied 
to  every  topical  application  which  cannot  be 
classed  either  under  ointments  or  plasters. 
Three  sorts  of  epithems  have  been  usually  dis- 
tinguished,—  the  liquid,  dry,  and  soft,  which 
comprise  fomentations,  hags  filled  with  dry  sub- 
stances, and  cataplasms. 

EPITH'ESIS.  Same  etymon.  The  rectifica- 
tion of  crooked  limbs  by  means  of  instruments. 

EPITHYM'I^,  from  £t/,  'upon,'  and  0u//os-, 
'  desire.'     Morbid  desires  or  longings. 

EPITHYMIAMA,  Fumigation. 

EPITHYMUM,  Cuscuta  epithymum  — e.  OflS- 
cinarum,  Cuscuta  Europaja. 

EPITROCH'LEA,  from  en,  'upon,'  and 
Tpo)(a'Xta,  '  a  pulley.'  That  which  is  situate  above 
a  pulley.  Chaussier  gives  this  name  to  the  un- 
equal, round  protuberance  situate  on  the  inside 
of  the  inferior  extremity  of  the  humerus  above  its 
articular  trochlea.  It  is  the  part  usually  called 
the  inner  or  lesser  condyle  of  the  humerus.  From 
it  originate  several  muscles  of  the  forearm,  to 
which  it  has  given  part  of  their  names,  according 
to  the  system  of  Chaussier. 

EPITR  0 CHL  0  -  CARPI-  PA LMAIRE,  Pal- 
maris  longus — e.  Culito-carpien,  see  Cubital  mus- 
cles— e.  Metacarpicn,  Palmaris  magnus — e.  Pha- 
langivien  commun.  Flexor  sublimis  perforatus  — 
e.  Radial,  Pronator  radii  teres. 

EPIZO'A,  (F.)  Epizodires,  Ectoparasites,  from 
f.TTi,  'upon,'  and  ^mov,  'an  animal.'  Parasitic  ani- 
mals, which  infest  the  surface  of  the  body,  or  the 
common  integument. 

EPIZOO'TIA,  Epizooty.  Same  etymon.  A 
disease  which  reigns  amongst  animals.  It  corre- 
ppi/nds,  in  the  veterinary  art,  to  epidemy  in  me- 
dicine. 

RPIZOOT'IC,  Epizoot'ieuB,  same  etymon.  Ee- 
InUng  or  appertaining  to  an  epizooty,  —  as  an 
'  e.piziiotic  aphtha.' 

EP'OCHE,  from  e-i,  and  ix'^'  '  *"  have  or  to 
bold.'  Doubt,  suKpension  of  judgment — Siispen'sa 


senten'tia.  Sometimes  employed  in  the  same 
sense  as  epischesis  or  suppression. 

EPOCHETEUSIS,  Derivation. 

EPODE,  Incantation. 

EPO'MIS,  Superhumera'le,  from  titi,  'upon,' 
and  ta^os,  'the  shoulder.'  The  acromion.  The 
upper  part  of  the  shoulder. — Hippocrates,  Galen. 

EPOMPHALICUM,  Epomphalium. 

EPOMPHALION,  Uterus. 

EPOMPHA'LIUM,  Epom2^hal'ieuw,  from  i^i, 
'upon,'  and  o^.tpaXoi;,  'the  navel.'  A  medicine, 
which,  when  placed  upon  the  umbilicus,  moves 
the  belly. — Paulus  of  ^gina. 

EPONGE,  Spongia — e.  d'Eglantier,  Bedegar. 

EPOQVES,  Menses. 

EPOSTOMA,  Exostosis. 

EPOSTOSIS,  Exostosis. 

EPREINTES,  Tenesmus. 

EPSEMA,  Decoction. 

EPSESIS,  Decoction,  Elixatio. 

EPSOM,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Epsom 
is  a  town  in  SuiTer,  about  15  miles  from  London. 
The  water  is  a  simple  saline; — consisting  chiefly 
of  sulphate  of  magnesia,  which  has  consequently 
received  the  name  of  Epsom  Salts,  though  no 
longer  prepared  from  the  Epsom  water. 

EPITISE3IENT,  Exhaustion. 

EPU'LIS,  from  eiri,  'upon,'  and  ov\ov,  'the 
gum.'  Odon'tia  excres'cens,  Sarco'ma  epu'lis, 
Ulon'cvs,  Excrescen'tia  gingi'vm.  An  excrescence 
on  the  gum,  sometimes  ending  in  cancer. 

EPULOSIS,  Cicatrization. 

EPULOTICA,  Cicatrisantia. 

EQUAL,  JEqua'lis.  An  epithet  applied  parti- 
cularly to  the  pulse  and  to  respiration.  The  pulse 
and  respiration  are  equal,  when  the  pulsations 
and  inspirations  which  succeed  each  other  are 
alike  in  every  respect. 

EQUILIB'RIUM,  from  cBquus,  'equal,'  and 
librare,  '  to  weigh.'  In  medicine,  this  word  is 
sometimes  used  to  designate  that  state  of  organs, 
fluids,  and  forces,  which  constitutes  health. 

EQUINA  CAUDA,  see  Cauda  Equina. 

E  QUI'NI  A,  from  equinus,  'belonging  to  a 
horse.'  Glanders,  (F.)  llorve.  A  dangerous  con- 
tagious disorder,  accompanied  by  a  pustular  erup- 
tion, which  arises  from  inoculation  with  certain 
diseased  fluids  generated  in  the  horse,  the  ass  and 
the  mule.  Two  forms  are  met  with,  —  E.  mitis, 
contracted  from  horses  afl'ected  with  grease,  and 
E.  glandulo'sa,  a  dangerous  and  commonly  fatal 
disease  communicated  to  man,  either  in  the  acute 
or  chronic  form,  from  the  glandered  horse.  The 
veterinary  surgeons  make  two  varieties  of  the 
disease  in  the  horse — Glanders,  Bla'lia,  3/alias'- 
mics.  Ma' lie,  J/'alis,  Malleus ;  and  Farcy  glanders, 
Farcino'ma,  Mal'leus  farcimino'sus,  Slorhus  far- 
cimino'sus,  Cachcx'ia  lymphat'ica  farcimino'sa, 
(F.)  Morve  farcinense : — the  former  affecting  the 
pituitary  membrane  and  occasioning  a  profuse 
discharge  from  the  nostrils,  with  pustular  erup- 
tions or  small  tumours,  which  soon  suppurate  and 
ulcerate,  being  attended  by  symptoms  of  malig- 
nant fever  and  by  gangrene  of  various  parts:  — 
the  latter  being  the  same  disease,  but  appearing 
in  the  shape  of  small  tumours  about  the  legs,  lips, 
face,  neck,  &c.  of  the  horse;  sometimes  very 
painful,  suppurating  and  degenerating  into  foul 
ulcers.     They  are  often  seen  together. 

The  mild  cases  require  little  treatment  but  rest ; 
the  more  severe  generallv  resist  all  remedies. 

EQUISETUM  ARVENSE,  Ac,  see  Ilippuria 
vultraris — e.  Minus,  Hippuris  vulgaris. 

EQUITA'TION,  Equita'tio,  Tlippei'a,  Ilippn'- 
sia,  Hippen'sis,  from  eqnus,  'a  horse.'  Horseback 
exercise.  A  kind  of  exercise,  advisable  in  many 
diseases,  although  improper  iu  others- -in  uterine 


EQUIVOROUS 


339 


ERGOTISM 


affection?,  for  instance.  It  has  iDeen  much  recom- 
mended in  i^htliisis  pulmonalis.  It  is  less  fatigu- 
ing than  walking,  and  consequently  more  avail- 
able in  disease.  But  to  prevent  disease,  where 
much  exercise  is  required,  the  latter  is  preferable. 

EQUIVOROUS,  Equiv'orus,  Mi'jjpoph'affons, 
from  eqmis,  '  a  horse,'  and  %->oro,  '  I  devour.' 
deeding  or  subsisting  on  horseflesh. 

EQUIVOCAL,  Eqnlv'ocus,  from  aqmis,  'equal,' 
and  vox,  'voice.'  Those  symptoms  are  occasion- 
ally so  denominated  which  belong  to  several  dis- 
eases. Generation  is  said  to  be  '  equivocal,'  when 
it  is,  or  seems  to  be,  spontaneous.  See  Genera- 
tion. 

E^QUUS,  Hippus. 

ERABLE,  Acer  saccharinum. 

ERADICA'TION,  Ero.dica'tio,  from  e,  'from,' 
and  radix,  'a  root.'  The  act  of  rooting  out,  or 
completely  removing  a  disease. 

ERAD'ICxiTIVE,  Eradi'cans:  same  etymon. 
Any  thing  possessed  of  the  power  of  completely 
rooting  out  a  disease. 

ERAILLEMENT  BES  PAUPIERES,  Ec- 
tropion. 

EREBIXTHUS,  Acer  arietinum. 

ERECHTHI'TES  HIERACIFO'LIA,  Sene'cio 
Itievacifo'lius,  Fireiceed.  An  indigenous  plant, 
Order,  Composita?,  which  flowers  from  July  to 
September.  It  is  said  to  be  an  acrid  tonic,  and 
astringent,  and  in  large  doses  emetic. 

ERECTILE  TISSUE,  Tela  erec'tilis,  from 
en'fjere,  (e,  and  ricjere,)  'to  erect,'  'to  become 
erect.'  A  tissue,  whose  principal  character  is  :— 
to  be  susceptible  of  dilata,tion,  i.  e.  of  turgescence 
and  increase  of  si.ze.  It  is  formed  of  a  collection 
of  arteries  and  veins,  intermixed  with  nervous 
filaments  ;  which  form,  by  their  numerous  anas- 
tomoses, a  spongy  substance,  whose  areola  com- 
municate with  each  other.  Smooth  muscular 
fibres  have  been  detected  in  it.  This  tissue  ex- 
ists in  the  corpora  cavernosa  of  the  penis  and 
clitoris,  at  the  lower  and  inner  surface  of  the  va- 
gina, in  tiie  spongy  part  of  the  urethra,  the  lips, 
nipples,  iris,  &c.  Sometimes  it  is  developed  ac- 
cidentally, and  constitutes  a  kind  of  organic 
ti'ansform.ation. 

ERECTION,  Erec'tio,  Arrec'fio;  same  ety- 
mon. The-  state  of  a  part,  in  which,  from  having 
been  soft,  it  becomes  stiff,  hard,  and  swollen  by 
the  accumulation  of  blood  in  the  areolaj  of  its 
tissue,  as  in  the  case  of  the  penis  ; — Styma,  Sfysis. 

ERECTOR  CLITORIDIS,  Ischio-cavernosus 
. — e.  Penis,  Ischio-cavernosus. 

EREMACAU'SIS,  from  cpvfog,  'waste,'  and 
Kavcis,  'combustion.'  A  term  applied  by  Liebig 
to  the  slow  combustion,  oxidation,  or  decay  of 
organic  matters  in  the  air. 

ERE:\[IA,  Acinesia. 

ERETHILYTICUM  H^MATOLTTICUM, 
Spansemic. 

ER'ETTIISM,  Erethis'vms,  Erethis'ia,  Irrifa- 
men'tum,  Irrita'tio,  from  tpj-St^w,  'I  irritate.'  Ir- 
ritation. Augmentation  of  the  vital  phenomena 
in  any  organ  or  tissue.  Orrirtum.  Under  this 
name,  Mr.  Pearson  has  described  a  state  of  the 
constitution  produced  by  mercury  acting  on  it  as 
a  poison.  He  calls  it  Ifercu'rial  Erethis'miis.  It 
is  characterized  by  great  depression  of  strength ; 
anxiety  about  the  prascordia;  irregular  action  of 
the  heart;  frequent  sighing;  tremors;  small, 
quick,  sometimes  intermitting,  pulse;  occasional 
vomiting;  pale,  contracted  countenance,  and 
B-ense  of  coldness;  but  the  tongue  is  seldom 
furred,  nor  are  the  vital  and  natural  functions 
much  disturbed.  In  this  state  any  sudden  exer- 
tion may  prove  fatil. 

ERETlilSMA,  Rubefacient. 

ERETHISMUS,  Erethism.  Irritation-e.  Ebrio- 


sorum.  Delirium  tremens  —  e.  Hydrophobia,  Hy- 
drophobia— e.  Oneirodynia,  Incubus,  Paroniria— 
e.  Simplex,  Fidgets. 

ERETHISTICUS.  Erethiticus,  Rubefacient. 

ERETHIT'IC,  Erethit'icns,  Erethis'ticxis.  Be- 
longing or  relating  to  erethism,  —  as  "  erethitic 
phenomena,"  or  phenomena  of  irritation. 

EREUGMOS.  Eructation. 

EREUXIS,  Eructation,  Flatulence. 

ERGASMA,  Mvrrha. 

ERGASTERION  SPIRITUS,  Pulmo. 

ERGASTERIUM,  Laboratory. 

ERGOT,  (F.)  Ergot,  '  a  spur.'  Er'gota,  Seca'le 
cornn'tum,  Clavits  secali'nus,  Claims  seca'lis,  Sper- 
moe'dia  davits.  Mater  seca'lis,  Calcar,  Seca'lis 
mater,  Seca'le  luxu'rians,  Vstila'go,  Claims  silig". 
inis,  Frwnen'tmn  eornu' turn,  F.  cornicida'tum,  F. 
luxu'rians,  F.  tur'gidum,  F.  temiden'tvm,  Brizoc'- 
eras,  (?)  Blelanophy' ma,  Spurred  or  Horned  Bye, 
the  Spur,  Hornseed,  (F.)  Seigle  ergote,  Ble  cormi. 
Ergot  is  generallj'  considered  to  be  the  result  of 
a  disease  in  rye,  occurring  most  frequently  when 
a  hot  summer  succeeds  a  rainy  spring.  Decan- 
dolle,  however,  regards  it  as  a  parasitic  fungns, 
and  calls  it,  Sclero'tium  clavus;  whilst  Leveill6 
esteems  it  to  be  a  fungus  giving  a  coating  to  the 
diseased  grain ;  the  medical  vii-tues  residing  in 
the  coating.  This  parasitic  fungus  he  calls  Spha- 
ce'lia  seg"etum.  More  recently,  it  has  been  main- 
tained, that  it  is  a  diseased  state  of  the  grain  oc- 
casioned by  the  growth  of  a  fungus  not  pre- 
viously detected,  to  which  the  names  Ergota'tia 
ahortans  seu  ahortifa'ciens,  Oidium  aborti/a'ciens, 
Ergot-mould,  have  been  given.  It  is  found  pro- 
jecting from  among  the  leaves  of  the  spike  or 
ear;  and  is  along,  crooked  excrescence,  resem- 
bling the  spur  of  a  cock ;  pointed  at  its  extremi- 
ties ;  of  a  dark  brown  colour  externally,  and  white 
within. 

This  substance  has  been  long  used  in  Germany 
to  act  on  the  uteriis,  as  its  names  Mutterkorn 
and  Gebarpulver  (womb-grain,  pulvis  partu- 
riens)  testify.  Upwards  of  forty  years  ago,  it 
was  recommended  in  this  countiy,  by  Dr.  John 
Stearns,  of  Saratoga  County,  New  York,  for  ac- 
celerating parturition  ;  and  since  that  period,  nu- 
merous testimonials  have  been  ofl'ered  in  its  fa- 
vour. Half  a  drachm  of  the  powder  is  gently 
boiled  in  half  a  pint  of  water,  and  one-third  part 
given  every  20  minutes,  until  proper  pains  begin. 
Some  recommend  the  clear  watery  infusion ; 
others  advise  the  powder;  others  the  oil,  and 
others  the  wine.  It  is  obvious,  that  in  many 
cases  the  uterine  efforts  would  return  in  the  pe- 
riod which  would  necessarily  elapse  in  the  admi- 
nistration of  ergot,  so  that  several  of  the  cases, 
at  least,  of  reputed  efEcacj',  may  not  have  been 
dependent  upon  the  assigned  agent.  Ergot  also 
possesses — it  is  affirmed — narcotic  virtues,  which 
have  rendered  it  useful  in  hemorrhagic  and  other 
aiiections  of  excitement. 

Bread,  made  of  spurred  rye,  has  been  attended 
with  the  effects  described  under  Ergotism. 

EBGOT,  Hippocampus  minor. 

ERGOT-MOULD,  see  Ergot. 

ERGOTA,  Ergot. 

ERGOT^TIA  ABORTANS,  see  Ergot  — e. 
Abortifaeiens,  see  Ercot. 

ER'GOTIN,  Extrac'tinn.  Er'gotm,  Extract  of 
Ergot,  (F.)  Ergotine,  Extrait  hemostatique  dc, 
Bonjean.  The  extract  of  ergot  has  been  found 
an  excellent  hemastatic  in  the  dose  of  two  grains 
several  times  a  day.  It  has  also  been  used  e.x- 
ternallv. 

EBOOTTNE,  Ergotin. 

ER'GOTISM,  Ergotis'mus,  from  ergota,  'ergot. 
Morbus  cerea'lis.  Poisoning  by  ergot.  An  affec- 
tion produced  by  the  use  of  spurred  lye.  At 
times,    the   symptoms    are    limited    to   vertigo.- 


ERG0TIS3IE  CONVULSIVE 


340 


ERVUM 


apasins,  and  conTulsions.  See  Convulsio  eerealis. 
Most  commonly,  there  is  torpor  with  numbness 
of  the  hands  and  feet,  v/hich  waste  away,  lose 
sensation  and  the  power  of  motion,  and  separate 
from  the  body  by  dry  gangrene ;  Erc/otis'mus 
Sphacelo'sus,  Sjihac"elu8  cerea'lis,  Necro'sia  ce- 
rea'lis,  GangrcB'na  ustilagin' ea,  Necrosis  nsttla- 
gin'ea,  Ergot  or  Mildew  mortification,  (F.)  Ergo- 
tisms gangreneux,  Gangrene  des  Solonois,  Mai  de 
Cologne. 

ERGOTISME  CONVULSIVE,  Convulsio  ee- 
realis. 

ERGOTISMUS,  Ergotism  — e.  Spasmodicus, 
Convulsio  eerealis — e.  Sphacelosus,  Ergotism. 

ERI'CA  VULGA'RIS,  Calla'na  vuhja'ris  seu 
Eri'ca,  Common  Heath,  (F.)  Bruyere  vulgaire. 
This  has  been  regarded  as  diuretic  and  diapho- 
retic. 

ERIG"EROX  BELLIDIFO'LIUM,  Bohin's 
plantain.  An  indigenous  plant  of  the  Composite 
family  ;  flowering  in  May.  It  is  said  to  possess 
properties  like  the  nest. 

Erig"eron  PiiiLADEL'pnicuAi,  Scahioits,  Ske- 
visch,  Philadelphia  Flea-Bane,  Skevisch  Flea- 
Eane,  Daisy,  Cocash,  Frostweed,  Fieldweed, 
Squaio-weed,  (F.)  Vergerette  de  Philadelphie. 
The  plant  has  been  used  in  decoction  or  infusion 
for  gouty  and  gravelly  complaints,  and  is  said 
to  operate  powerfully  as  a  diuretic  and  sudorific. 

Erigeron  Caxaden'se,  Oan'ada  Fleabane,  is 
considered  to  be  allied  in  properties  to  the  above, 
and  the  same  may  be  said  of  Erigeron  Hetero- 
j^liyl" him.  Sweet  Sca'bious  or  various-leaved  Flea- 
lane  ;  all  of  which  are  in  the  secondary  list  of 
tiie  Pharmacopoeia  of  the  United  States. 

ERIGERUM,  Senecio. 

ERIGNE,  Hook. 

EVJNE,  Hook. 

ERIOCEPH'ALUS  UMBELLTJLA'TUS,  Wild 
Rose'mary.  A  South  African  shrub,  Nat.  Ord. 
Composite,  which  is  diuretic,  and  used  by  the 
farmers  and  Hottentots,  in  various  forms  of 
dropsy. 

ERIOSPERM'UM  LATIFO'LIUM.  A  South 
African  plant,  the  tuber  of  which  is  muculent, 
and  used  externally  in  abrasions  of  the  skin,  and 
in  superficial  ulcers.  It  is  also  employed  by  the 
Mohammedans,  in  decoction,  in  amenorrhoea. 

ERIX,  tpif.  This  word  signifies,  in  Galen,  the 
upper  part  of  the  liver. 

ERODENS,  Caustic. 

ERODIUM  MOSCHATUM,  Geranium  mos- 
cliatum. 

EROMANIA,  Erotomania. 

ERON'OSUS,  Eronu'sos,  from  j/p,  'spring,'  and 
vcuoi  or  vovaoi,  '  disease.'  A  disease  which  ap- 
pears chiefly  in  spring. 

EROS,  Love. 

EROSIO,  Corrosion  —  e.  et  Perforatio  sponta- 
nea Ventriculi,  Gastromalaeia. 

ERO'SION,  Ero'sio,  Diahro'sis,  Anahro'sis, 
Gorro'sion,  from  erodere,  (e,  and  roclere,)  'to  eat 
away.'  The  action  of  a  corrosive  substance,  or 
the  gradual  destruction  of  a  part  by  a  substance 
of  that  kind.  It  is  often  employed  in  the  same 
sense  8.s  ulceration,  spontaneous  erosion. 

EROT'IC,  Ero'ticiis,  from  cpo?,  'love.'  That 
•which  is  produced  by  love;  —  as  Erotic  melan- 
fholi/,  E.  delirium,  &c. 

EROTICOMANIA,  Erotomania. 

EROTION,  Melissa. 

EROTOMA'NIA,  Eroma'nia,  Ma'm'a  erot'ica, 
from  cpw;,  'love,'  and  fxavia,  'mania.'  A  species 
of  itental  alienation  caused  by  love.  Erotic  me- 
lancholy is  Love  melancholy.  Some  authors  write 
it  Erot'ico-mania.     Also,  Nymphomania. 

ERPES,  Herpes. 

ERRABUNDUS,  Planetes. 


ERRAT'IC,  Errat'icus,  Atae'tos,  At'yposj  from 
errare,  'to  err.'  Wandering,  irregular.  That 
which  disappears  and  recurs  at  irregular  inter- 
vals. This  name  is  given  to  intermittents,  Fehrcs 
errat'iccB,  which  observe  no  type.  Most  com- 
monly, it  is  applied  to  pains  or  to  any  diseased 
manifestations  which  are  not  fixed,  but  move 
from  one  part  to  another,  as  in  gout,  rheumatism, 
ervsipelas,  &c. 

'err EUR  DE  LIEU,  Error  loci. 

ER'RHIN^E,  Errhi'num  or  Er'rhinum,  Sternn- 
tato'rium,  Ster'niitatory,  Ptar'micum,  Apophleg- 
mat'isans  per  nares,  Nasa'le,  from  tv,  '  in,' and 
piv,  'the  nose.'  A  remedy  whose  action  is  ex- 
erted on  the  Schneiderian  membrane,  exciting 
sneezing  and  increased  discharge.  Errhiues  have 
been  mainly  used  as  local  stimulants  in  head 
aifections.  The  chief  are  :  A  sari  Folia,  Euphor- 
bise  gummi-resina,  Hydrargyri  sulphas  flavus, 
Tabacum,  and  Veratrum  album. 

ERRHINUM,  Sternutatory. 

ER'RHYSIS,  from  tv,  'in,'  and  ptu,  'I  flow.' 
With  some,  a  draining  of  blood.  A  trifling  he- 
morrhage. 

ERROR  LOCI,  Apoplane'sis,  (F.)  Erreur  de 
Lieu.  A  term,  frequently  used  by  Boerhaave  to 
express  deviation  of  fluids,  when  they  enter  ves- 
sels not  destined  for  them.  Boerhaave  admitted 
several  orders  of  capillary  vessels,  the  diameters 
of  which  went  on  decreasing.  ■  The  largest  re- 
ceived red  blood :  those  which  came  next  re- 
ceived only  white  :  others  only  lymph  ;  whilst  the 
last  of  all  were  destined  for  3'et  more  subtle  fluids 
—  for  a  kind  of  vapour.  When  the  red  globules 
entered  vessels  destined  for  the  white,  or  the 
white  those  intended  for  the  thinner  fluids,  there 
was,  according  to  the  theory  of  Boerhaave,  an 
error  loci,  the  proximate  cause  of  inflammation 
and  other  mischiefs.     See  Aberration. 

ERUCA,  Brassica  eruca,  Sinapis — e.  Barbarea, 
Erysimum  barbarea — e.  Fcetida,  Brassica  eruca — 
e.  Sativa,  Brassica  eruca. 

ERUCTA'TION,  Ructa'tio,  Ereug'mus,  Er'yge, 
Eructa'tio,  Ructus,  Rueta' men,  Rntfua'tio, 
Ereux'is,  Restagna'iio,  Ruff,  (iV.  of  England,) 
from  eructare,  (e,  and  ructare,  '  to  belch.') 
Belching,  (F.)  Rot,  Rapport.  A  sonorous  emis- 
sion, by  the  mouth,  of  flatus  proceeding  from  tho 
stomach.  When  so  frequent  as  to  occasion  a  dis- 
eased condition,  this  is  termed  Ructuo' situs,  3Ior- 
hus  ructuo'sua. 

ERUGATORIA,  Tetanothra. 

ERUGINEUX,  ^ruginous. 

ERUPTIO,  Eruption— e.  Exanthematis,  Epa- 
nastasis — e.  Sanguinis,  Hfemorrhagia. 

ERUP'TION,  Erup'tio,  from  erumpere,  (e,  and 
rumpere,)  '  to  issue  with  violence,'  '  to  break  out.' 
This  word  has  several  meanings.  1.  The  sudden 
and  copious  evacuation  of  any  fluid  from  a  canal 
or  cavity;  —  of  serum,  blood,  pus,  &c..  for  exam- 
ple. 2.  The  breaking  out  of  an  exanthem  ;  and, 
3,  the  exanthem  itself,  whether  simply  in  the 
form  of  a  rash,  or  of  pustules,  vesicles,  <tc. 

ERUPTION  ANOMALE,  Roseola- e.  Ro- 
sace, Roseolx — e.  Violet,  lonthus. 

ERUP'TIVE,  Eruptirns.  That  which  is  ac- 
companied by  an  eruption.  Thus  small-pox, 
measles,  scarlet  fever,  miliaria,  &c.,  are  eruptiv-e 
fevers.  The  term  eruptive  disease  is  nearly  sj'- 
nonymous  with  cutaneous  disease. 

ERVA  DE  SANCTA  MARIA,  Arum  Dracun- 
culus. 

ERVALENTA,  see  Ervum. 

ERVUM,  E.  Ervil'in,  E.  j^lica'tvm,  Vic"ia  er-  , 
vil'ia,  Or'ohus,  (F.)  Lcntillc  Ers  ou  Orohc.     In 
times  of  scarcity,  the  seeds  have  been  made  into 
bread,  but  it  is  said  not  to  be  wholesome.     The 
meal  was  one  much  used  in  poultices  :  it  Tis  for- 


ERYGB 


341 


ERYTHEMA 


merly  called  OroVwn,  opofiiov.  Under  the  name 
Ervalent'a,  a  secret  preparation  has  been  intro- 
duced into  Paris.  It  is  a  vegetable  powder,  which, 
vrhen  mixed  with  milk  and  soup  and  taken  night 
and  morning,  is  said  to  have  succeeded  in  remo- 
ving old  and  obstinate  obstructions  !  Buchner 
thinks  it  is  bean-meal,  Ditterieh,  the  meal  of  the 
seed  of  Ervum  Ervilia. — Aschenbrenner. 

Ervum  Ervilia,  Ervum. 

Ervcji  Ij^ys, Gicer Lens. Lens  esculen' ta,Phacos, 
the  Lentil,  (F.)  Lentille.  The  seed,  Phace,  Pha'- 
cea,  Phaciis,  is  eaten  in  many  places  like  peas : 
they  are  flatulent  and  difficult  of  digestion. 

Ervum  Plicatdji,  Ervum. 

ERYGE,  Eructation. 

ERYNGIUM,  see  E.  Aqnaticum. 

Eryn'gium  Aquat'icuji,  Water  Eryn'go,  But- 
ton Snake  Boot.  Nat.  Order,  Umbelliferas.  This 
root,  Eryn'gium,  (Ph.  U.  S.,)  is  nearly  allied  to 
the  contraj'erva  of  the  shops,  and  acts  more  espe- 
cially as  a  sudorific.  It  is  a  secondary  article  in 
the  Pharm.  U.  S. 

Eryxgium  Campes'trE,  E.  vulga're,  Centum 
Cap  ita,  Lyrin'gmm,  Aster  inquina'lis,  Capit'u- 
limi  Martis,  Acus  Ven'eris,  (F.)  Panieaut,  Char- 
don-Roland,  is  sometimes  used  for  E.  maritimum. 

Eryngium  Marit'imuii  seu  Mari'num.  The 
Sea  Holly  or  Eryngo,  jEthe'rea  Herha,  (F.)  Pa- 
nieaut Maritime.  Eryngo  root  has  a  slightly  aro- 
matic odour,  and  sweetish  and  warm  taste.  It  is 
considered  to  be  diuretic  and  expectorant,  but  its 
powers  are  so  weak,  that  it  is  scarcelj'  ever  used. 

Ery'ngium  Yulgare,  E.  Campestre. 

ERYNGO,  SEA,  Eryngium  maritimum  —  e. 
Water,  Eryngium  aquaticum. 

ERYS'IMUM,  Erys'imum  officina'le,  Sisym'- 
hrium  officina'le,  ChamcB'plion.  Hedge-mustard, 
(F.)  Velar,  Tortelle,  Herbe  aux  Ghantres.  This 
was,  formerly,  much  used  for  its  expectorant  and 
diuretic  qualities.  The  seeds  greatly  resemble 
mustard. 

Erysijiuji  Alliaeia,  Alliaria. 

Erysimum  Barba'rba,  E.  lyra'tum,  Ar'ahis 
harha'rea,  Sisymhrium  barba'rea,  Eru'ca  barba'- 
rea,  Barba'rea,  B.  stric'ta,  (F.)  Herbe  de  Sainte 
Barbe,  has  been  ranked  amongst  the  antiscor- 
butic plants.     See  Alliaria. 

Erysijium  Gordifolium,  Alliaria — c.  Lyratum, 
E.  barbarea. 

ERYSIPELA'CEA.  Same  etymon  as  the  next. 
A  family  of  eruptive  diseases,  comprising  erysi- 
pelas, variola,  rubeola,  and  scarlatina. 

ERYSIP'ELAS,  from  Epuw,  'I  draw  in,'  and 
jrsXaf,  'near.'  Febris  erysipelato'sa,  Febris  ery- 
aipela'cea,  Erytlirop'yra,  Emphlysis  Erysip'elas, 
St.  Anthony's  fire.  Ignis  Sancti  Anto'nii,  I.  Colu- 
mel'lcB,  Hieropyr,  Icterit"ia  rubra,  Ignis  sacer. 
Hose,  liubea  icterit"ia,  Vicinitra'ha,  Vicinitrac'- 
tns,  Brunns,  Lugdus,  (F.)  JErysipele,  Feu  St.  An- 
toine,  Feu  saere,  3Ial  Saint  Antoine.  A  disease, 
80  called  because  it  generally  extends  gradually 
to  the  neighbouring  parts.  Superficial  inflamma- 
tion of  the  skin,  with  general  fever,  tension  and 
swelling  of  the  part;  pain  and  heat  more  or  less 
acrid ;  redness  difi'used,  but  more  or  less  circum- 
scribed, and  disappearing  when  pressed  upon  by 
the  finger,  but  returning  as  soon  as  the  pressure 
is  removed.  Frequently,  small  vesicles  appear 
upon  the  inflamed  part,  which  dry  up  and  fall 
off,  under  the  form  of  branny  scales.  Er3'sipelas 
is,  generally,  an  acute  affection :  its  medium  du- 
ration being  from  10  to  14  days.  It  yields,  com- 
monly, to  general  refrigerant  remedies.  Topical 
applications  are  rarely  serviceable.  .  At  times, 
when  the  disease  a,pproaches  the  phlegmonous 
character,  copious  bleeding  and  other  evacuants 
may  be  required,  as  in  many  cases  of  erysipelas 
of  the  face;  but  this  is  not  commonly  necessary. 


In  most  cases,  indeed,  the  general  action  seems 
deficient,  and  it  becomes  necessary  to  give  tonics. 

AVhen  erysipelas  is  of  a  highly  inflammatory 
character,  and  invades  the  parts  beneath,  it  is 
termed  Erysip'elas  phlegmono'dcs,  (F.)  Erysiptle 
jMegmoneux :  when  accompanied  with  phiyc- 
tenaj,  and  the  inflammation  terminates  in  gan- 
grene, Erysip)'elas  gangrcBUo'sum,  (F.)  Erysipllc 
gangreneux ;  and  when  associated  with  infiltra- 
tion of  serum  Erysipt'elas  cedemato'sum,  (F.)  Fry- 
sipele  oedemateux. 

Erysipelas  Gangrenosum,  see  Erysipelas  — 
e.  QSdematosum,  see  Erysipelas  —  e.  Phlegmo- 
nodes,  see  Erysipelas  —  e.  Periodica  nervosa 
chronica,  Pellagra  —  e.  Phlyctenoides,  Herpes 
zoster — e.  Pustulosa,  Herpes  zoster — e.  Zoster, 
Hemes  zoster. 

ERYSIPELATODES,  Erysipelatous. 

ERYSIPEL'ATOUS,  Erysipelato'des,  Erysi- 
pelato'sus.  Belonging  to  erysipelas ;  as  an  ery- 
sipel' atous  affection. 

Erysipbl'atoos  Inflammation,  Inflamma'tio 
erysipielato'sa,  Ep)ipMogis'ma,  Cuti'tis,  Bermati'- 
tis,  is  the  character  of  inflammation  which  distin- 
guishes erysipelas,  Erythe'ma  erysipelato' sum. 

ERYSIPELE,  Erysipelas  —  e.  Ambulant,  see 
Ambulant  —  e.  Gangreneux,  see  Erysipelas  —  e. 
(Edemateux,  see  Erysipelas — e.  Phlegmoneux,  see 
Erj'sipelas  —  e.  Serpigineux,  see  Serpiginous  —  e. 
Pustuleux,  Herpes  zoster. 

ERYSOS,  Erythema. 

ERYTHE'MA,  from  sjwOpaws,  cpvdpog,  'red, 
rose-coloured.'  Erythre'ma,  ( F.  )  Erytheme. 
This  name  is,  sometimes,  given  to  erysipelas, 
especially  when  of  a  local  character.  It  is, 
also,  applied  to  the  morbid  redness  on  the 
cheeks  of  the  hectic,  and  on  the  skin  covering 
bubo,  phlegmon,  &c.  It  forms  the  6th  genus 
of  the  3d  order,  Exanthemata,  of  Bateman's 
classification  of  cutaneous  diseases ;  and  is  de- 
fined, "a  nearly  continuous  redness  of  some 
portion  of  the  skin,  attended  with  disorder  of  the 
constitution,  but  not  contagious.'  Many  varie- 
ties are  described  bj^  dermatologists,  —  for  exam- 
ple, E.  intertrigo,  E.  fugax,  E.  papula'tum,  E, 
tubercida'tum,  E.  nodo'sum,  E.  Imve,  E.  centri/'- 
itgum,  E.  margina'tum,  and  E.  acrodyn'ia. 

Ery'thema  Acrodynia,  Acrodynum — e.  Am- 
bustio,  Burn — e.  Anthrax,  Anthrax. 

Ery'the'ma  Cextrip'ugum.  A  variety  of  ery- 
thema attacking  the  face,  commencing  with  a 
small  red  spot,  and  spreading  around,  so  as,  at 
times,  to  affect  the  whole  face. 

Erythema  Endemicum,  Pellagra  —  e.  a  Fri- 
gore.  Chilblain. 

Erythe'ma  Fugax.  Patches  of  erythema, 
that  sometimes  appear  on  the  body  in  febrile  dis- 
eases, teething  children,  &c.,  and  which  are  of 
brief  duration. 

Ery'thema  GangRjEnosum,  Anthrax — e.  Icho- 
rosum.  Eczema  mercuriale — e.  Intertrigo,  Chafing. 

Erythe'ma  L.ete,  (F.)  Erytheme  leger.  Slight 
erythema  affecting  the  skin,  as  in  oedema. 

Erythe'ma  Margina'tum,  (F.)  Erytheme  mar- 
ginal. A  form  in  which  the  prominent  patches 
of  erythema  are  distinctly  separated  from  the 
skin  at  their  margins. 

Ery'thema  Mercuriale,  Eczema  mercuriale. 

Erythe'ma  Nodo'sum,  (F.)  Erytheme  no^teux. 
A  more  severe  form  of  Erythema  tuberculatum. 

Erythe'ma  Papula'tum,  (F.)  Erytheme  papiit- 
leiix.  Patches  of  erythema,  which  are  at  first  pa  ■ 
pulated,  appearing  on  the  face,  neck,  breast,  <feo., 
of  females,  and  young  persons  more  especially. 

Erythema  Pellagrum,  Pellagra — e.  Pernio 
Chilblain. 


ERYTHEMATOUS 


342 


ESSENCE 


Ertthe'ma  Sola're.  a  name  given  by  the 
Italians  to  Pellagra,  owing  to  its  being  attended 
■with  an  eruption  of  small  red  spots  or  patches  on 
the  parts  that  are  exposed  to  the  sun. 

Erythe'ma  Tubeecula'tum,  E.tuberculo'sum, 
(F.)  Erytheme  tuherculeux.  A  form  of  erythema 
in  which  the  patches  are  in  small  lumps. 

ERYTHEM'ATOUS,  Erythemat' Ic,  Erythema- 
to'sus,  Erythemat' icus,  (P.)  Erythemateux.  Ap- 
pertaining or  relating  to  Erythema. 

ERYTHEME,  Erythema— e'.  Leger,  Erythe- 
ma Ifsve — e.  Marginal,  Erythema  marginatum — 
6.  Noveux,  Erythema  nodosum  —  e.  Papulevx, 
Erythema  papulatum — e.  Tuberculeucc,  Erythema 
tuberculatum. 

ERYTHEMA  CENTAURIUM,  Chironia  cen- 
taui'ium  —  e.  Chilensis,  Canchalagua,  Chironia 
Chilensis. 

ERYTHRiEMIA.JPlethora. 

ERYTHRAN'CPIE,  Angi'na  erysipelato'sa, 
from  cpvdpos,  'red/  and  ayx'^>  'I  suffocate.'  Ery- 
sipelatous or  erythematous  sore  throat. 

ERYTHREMA,  Erythema. 

ERYTHRINA  MOiSTOSPERMA,  Butea  fron- 
dosa. 

ERYTHROCHCERAS,  Cynanehe  parotidEea. 

ERYTHRODANUM,  Rubia. 

ER'YTHROID,  Erythro'dea,  ErythroVdes. 
Reddish. 

Erttheoid  Coat.  Tu'nica  erytliro' dea.  Vagi- 
nal coat  of  the  testis. 

Er'ythroid  Ves'icle,  Vesic'ula  Erytliro'idea. 
A  vesicle  of  the  foetus  described  by  Pockcls  and 
others.  It  is  pyriform,  and  much  longer  than, 
although  of  the  same  breadth  as,  the  umbilical 
vesicle.  Velpeau,  AVeber,  and  others,  doubt  its 
being  a  physiological  condition. 

ERYTHRONIUM,  E.  Americanum. 

ERYTHRo'jsatiJi  America'nuhf,  E.  flavum,  E. 
dens  canis,  E.  lanceola'tum,  E.  longifo'Uum,  Com- 
mon Erythro'nium,  Yellow  Snahe-leaf,  Yellow 
Adder's  tongue,  Adder-leaf,  Eog  vi'olet.  Rattle- 
snake vi'olet.  Lamb's  tongue.  Scrofula  root,  Yel- 
loio  Snowdrop.  This  plant  is  possessed  of  emetic 
properties,  but  is  rarely,  if  ever,  used.  The  root 
and  herb,  Erythro'nium,  (Ph.  U.  S.,)  are  in  the 
secondary  list  of  the  Phai-macopoeia  of  the  United 
States. 

Erythroxium  Dexs  Canis,  E.  Americanum  — 
e.  Flavum,  E.  Americanum  —  e.  Lanceolatum,  E. 
Americanum — e.  Longifoliurn,  E.  Americanum. 

ERYTHROPYRA,  Erysipelas. 

ERYTHROSIS,  Plethora. 

ES'APHE,  from  eaacpau),  'I  touch  with  the  lin- 
gers.' (F.)  Le  Toucher.  The  introduction  of  a 
finger  or  fingers  into  the  vagina,  for  the  purpose 
of  examining  the  condition  of  the  uterus.  It  is 
employed  to  verify  the  existence  or  non-existence 
of  pregnancy  and  its  different  stages ;  to  detect 
certain  affections  or  faults  of  conformation  in  the 
genital  organs  and  pelvis;  and,  during  the  pro- 
cess of  accouchement,  to  examine  into  the  pro- 
gress of  labour,  &c. 

ESCA,  Aliment. 

ESCARA,  Eschar. 

ES  OAR  GOT,  Limax. 
ESCHALOTTE,  Echalotte. 

ESCHAR.  Es'chara,  Es'char,  a  slough,  a  crust 
or  scab.  The  crust  or  disorganized  portion,  ari- 
.«;ing  from  the  mortification  of  a  part,  and  which 
is  distinguishable  from  the  living  parts  by  its 
colour,  consistence,  and  other  physical  properties. 
The  inflammation  which  it  excites  in  the  conti- 
jjuous  parts,  gives  occasion  to  a  secretion  of  pus 
between  the  living  and  dead  parts,  which  ulti- 
loately  completely  separates  the  latter. 
ESCHARA,  Vulva. 


ESCHAROT'IC,  Escharot'icum,  from  iaxafia, 
'eschar.'  Any  substance,  which,  when  applied 
upon  a  living  part,  gives  rise  to  an  eschar,  such 
as  caustic  jiiotassa :  the  concentrated  tuineral 
acids,  &c. 

EscHAROTic  Poison,  see  Poison. 

ESCHELLOHE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
This  water  rises  at  the  foot  of  a  mountain  near 
the  convent  of  Etal  in  Bavaria.  It  is  a  sulphuro- 
saline. 

ESCHID'NA  OCELLA'TA.  A  very  poisonous 
viper,  which  inhabits  the  sugar-cane  fields  of 
Peru.     Its  bite  is  almost  instantaneouslj'  fatal. 

ESCORZONERA,  Scorzonera. 

ESCRE  VISSE,  Crab. 

ESCULAPIAN,  Medical. 

ES'CULENT,  Escnlen'tus,  Ed'ible,  Eat'aUe, 
from  esca,  'food.'  (F.)  Comestibl-e.  Such  plants 
or  such  parts  of  plants  or  animals  as  may  be 
eaten  for  food. 

ESO,  £(T(j,  'within.'  A  prefix  which  signifies 
an  affection  of  an  internal  part;  as  Esoenteritis, 
inflammation  of  the  inner  membrane  of  the  intes- 
tines :  —  Esogastri'tis,  inflammation  of  the  inner 
membrane  of  the  stomach,  Ac. 

ESOCHAS,  Esoche. 

ES'OCHE,  Es'ochas.  A  tumour — as  a  hemor- 
rhoid— within  the  anus. 

ESOCOLITIS,  Desentery. 

ESODIC,  Afferent. 

ESOENTERITIS,  see  Enteritis. 

ESOGASTRITIS,  Endogastritis. 

ESOTER'IC,  £<70iT£po;,  'interior,'  from  tau), 
'within.'  Private;  interior;  in  contradistinction 
to  Exoter'ic,  public,  exterior.  Hence,  we  speak 
of  'esoteric  and  exoteric  causes  of  disease.' 

ESOT'ERISM,  MED'ICAL.  Same  etymon  as 
Esoteric.  A  term  used  by  M.  Simon,  in  his  De- 
ontologie  medicale,  for  that  esotery,  or  mystery 
and  secresy,  with  which  the  practitioner  performs 
his  daily  duties,  and  which,  he  conceives,  he  is 
compelled  to  adopt  by  the  prejudices  and  igno- 
rance of  his  patients. 

ESP  AGES  INTERCOSTAUX,  see  Costa. 

ESPEGE,  Powder,  compound. 

ESPECES  YULNERAIRES,  Falltranck. 

ESPHLA'SIS,  from  ns,  'inwards,'  and  ^\au>, 
'  I  break,  bruise,'  <fcc.  A  fracture  of  the  skull  by 
comminution,  the  fragments  being  depressed. 
See  Depression,  and  Enthlasis. 

ESPRIT,  Spirit  —  e.  d'Ammoniaque,  Spiritus 
ammonige — e.  d'Anis,  Spiritus  anisi- — -e.  de  Cam- 
2)h.re,  Spiritus  camphorse — e.  de  Gannellc,  Spuitus 
cinnamomi  —  e.  de  Carvi,  Spiritus  carui  —  e.  de 
Genievre  compose,  Spiritus  juniperi  compositus — 
e.  de Lavande,  Spiritus  lavandula3 — e.  de  Lavaride 
compose,  Spiritus  lavandulse  compositus  —  e.  de 
3Ienthe  poivree,  Spu'itus  menthse  piperitas — e.  c/« 
Muscade,  Spiritus  myristicas — e.  de  Poiiliot,  Spi- 
ritus pulegii  —  e.  de  Raifort  compose,  Spiritus  ar- 
moracise  compositus  —  e.  de  Romarin,  Spiritus 
rosmarini — e.  de  Yin  delaye,  Spiritus  tenuior — e. 
de  Vin  rectifie,  Spiritus  rectificatus. 

E SPRITS  ANIMAUX,  Nervous  fluid. 

ESQ  UILLE,  Splinter. 

ESQUINANCIE,  Cynanehe,  Cynanehe  ton- 
sillaris. 

ESQUINE,  Smilax  China. 
ES'SENCE,  Essen'tia,  corrupted  from  existen- 
tia,  'standing  out.'(?)  By  some,  used  synony- 
mously  with  volatile  oil;  by  others,  with  sim2^l<'- 
tincture.  The  oil  of  pieppermint  is  the  oil  obtained 
by  distillation  ;  the  essence,  the  oil  diluted  with 
spirit.     See  Tinct.  olei  menthaj. 

Essence  of  Bardana,  Hill's,  Tinctnri  giiaiaci 
ammoniata — e.  of  Coltsfoot,  see  Tinctura  benzoini 
composita  —  e.  of  Musk,  Tinctui'a  moschi — e.  of 


ESSENCES 


343 


ETIIMYPniTIS 


Mustard  Pills,  Whitehead's,  see  Sinapis  —  e.  of 
Mustard,  Whitehead's,  see  Sinapis  —  e.  of  Pep- 
permint, Tinctura  olei  mentha;  piperitse — e.  of 
Spearmint,  Tinctura  olei  menthse  viridis  —  e.  of 
Spruce,  see  Pinus  Abies. 

ESSENCES,  Olea  volatilia. 

ESSENTIA,  Essence,  Tincture  — e.  Abietis, 
see  Pinus  abies  —  e.  Aloes,  Tinctura  aloes  —  e. 
Absinthii  amara,  Tinctura  A.  composita — e.  Ab- 
sinthii  composita,  Tinctura  A.  composita — e.  An- 
timonii  sen  stibii,  Vinum  antimonii  tartarizati  — 
e.  Antiseptica  lluxhami,  Tinctura  cinchoniB  com- 
posita— e.  Aromatica,  Tinctura  cinnamomi  com- 
I>osita — e.  Castorei,  Tinctura  castorei — e.  Catho- 
lica  purgans  Rothii,  Tinctura  jalapii  composita — 
6.  de  Cedro,  Oleum  cedrinum  —  e.  Cbinte,  Tinc- 
tura cinchonffi  composita — e.  Cinnamomi,  Tinc- 
tura cinnamomi — e.  Neroli,  see  Citrus  aurantium 
—  e.  Cortieis  Peruvian!  antiseptica  Huxhami, 
Tinctura  cinchonse  composita  —  e.  Cortieis  Peru- 
viana composita,  Tinctura  cinchonse  amara. 

ESSEN'TIAL,  Essentia'Ua.  The  word  essential 
has  been  applied  to  the  immediate  or  active  prin- 
ciples of  vegetables,  which  were  believed  to  be 
endowed  with  the  properties  of  the  plants  from 
which  they  were  extracted.  Essential  oil  was  so 
called  because  it  was  regarded  as  the  only  imme- 
diate principle  which  was  essential.  This  expres- 
sion is  retained.  Essential  salts  are  true  salts  or 
extracts  which  exist,  ready  formed,  in  vegetables  ; 
and  which  are  obtained  by  distillation,  incinera- 
tion, or  some  other  process. 

An  essential  disease  is  synonymous  with  a  ge- 
neral disease  ;  that  is,  one  not  depending  on  any 
local  affection  ; — not  symptomatic.     See  Entitj''. 

ES'SERA,  Es'sere,  Sora,  Saire,  Sare,  Morbus 
pofci'nus,  Rosa  saltans,  Urtica'ria  porcella'na, 
(F.)  Ampoules,  Poreelaine.  A  species  of  cutane- 
ous eruption,  consisting  of  small,  reddish  tuber- 
cles over  the  whole  body,  accompanied  by  a 
troublesome  itching.  It  seems  to  be  a  variety  of 
lichen  or  urticaria.     See  Lichen  tropicus. 

ESSIEU,  Axis. 

ESSO  UFFLEMENT,  Anhelatio. 

ESTHEMA,  Vestitus. 

ESTHESIS,  Vestitus. 

ESTRIOMENE,  Esthiomenus. 

ESTHIOM'ENUS,  Estiom'enus,  from  caOttjo,  '1 
eat.'  Ex'edens.  (P.)  Esthiomene.  That  which 
devours  or  eats  away.  Certain  ulcers  and  erup- 
tions—  Dartres  rongeanies — -are  so  called. 

ES'TIVAL,  JEsti'vus;  happening  in  summer, 
belonging  to  summer.  This  epithet  is  given  to 
summer  diseases,  so  called  because  they  reign  at 
that  season,  and  appear  to  depend  on  the  influ- 
ence exerted  by  it  on  the  animal  economy.  In 
the  United  States,  the  term  summer  disease  or 
complaint  means  disorder  of  the  bowels,  as  diar- 
rhcea,  cholera  morbus,  &c. 

ESTOJIAC,  Stomach. 

ESULA  CYPARISSIAS,  Euphorbia  cyparis- 
sias  —  e.  Major,  Euphorbia  palustris  —  e.  Minor, 
Euphorbia  cyparissias. 

ESURIES,  Hunger. 

ESURIGO,  Hunger. 

ESURITIO,  Hunger. 

ESYCHIA,  Acinesia. 

ETAGE,  Stage. 

ETAIN,  Tin  — e.  de  Glace,  Bismuth— e.  Gris, 
Bismuth. 

ETAT  GRANULEUX  BU  BEIJSr,  Kidnej, 
Bright's  Disease  of  the. 

ETERNUEMENT,  Sneezing. 

ETESTICULATIO,  Castration. 

ETHER,  ^ther,  ^ther  sulphuricus— e.  Acetic, 
Bee  iEther. 

Ether,  •Chloric,  Chloroform.  Under  the 
tames     concentrated    chloric    ether    and    strong 


chloric  ether,  a  compound  of  pure  chloroform  and 
nearly  absolute  alcohol  —  in  the  proportion  of 
one-third  of  the  former  to  two-thirds  of  the  latter 
— has  been  used  as  an  anesthetic  by  inhalation,  in 
the  same  cases  as  sulphuric  ether  and  chloroform. 
It  is  properly  an  alcoholic  solution  or  tincture  of 
chloroform. 

Ether,  Chlorohydric,  Chlorinated,  see 
^ther  muriaticus — e.  Chlorohydrique  chlore,  see 
^ther  muriaticus. 

Ether,  Compound.  A  preparation  consisting 
of  a  solution  oi  chloroform  in  sulphuric  ether, ■which 
has  been  used  as  an  anajsthetic  by  inhalation,  in 
the  same  cases  as  chloroform. 

Ether,  Hydrochloric,  see  ^ther — e.  Hydro- 
cyanic, iEther  hydrocyanicus — e.  Muriatic,  JEther 
muriaticus — e.  Nitric,  see  ^ther — e.  Nitrous,  see 
Jither — e.  Phosphoric,  see  ^ther — e.  Rectified, 
jiEther  sulphuricus — e.  Sulphuric,  iEther  sul- 
phuricus —  e.  Terebinthinated,  ^ther  terebin- 
thinatus. 

E^THEREAL,  ethereal. 

ETHEREE,  iEthereal. 

ETHEREOUS,  .Ethereal. 

ETHERINE,  HYDROCYANATE  OF,  ^ther 
hydrocyanicus — e.  Muriate  of,  ^ther  muriaticus. 

ETHERIZA'TION,  JEtherisa'tio.  The  aggre- 
gate of  phenomena  induced  by  the  inhalation  of 
ether. 

E'THERIZED,  JEtherisa'tus.  Presenting  the 
phenomena  induced  by  the  inhalation  of  ether. 

ETHICS,  MEDICAL,  Deontology,  medical. 

ETHIOPIAN,  see  Homo. 

ETHIOPS,  see  ^thiops. 

ETHISIS,  Filtration. 

ETHISMUS,  Filtration. 

ETH'MOID,  Ethmo'des,  EthmoVdes,  EthmoV- 
deus,  from  rjOiJos,  'a  sieve,'  and  ciSos,  'form.' 
Shaped  like  a  sieve. 

Ethmoid  Bone,  Os  ethmo'ideum,  Os  multifor'me, 
Os  spongio'sum,  Os  spongo'i'des,  Os  cribro'sum,  Os 
cribrifor' me,  Os  cu'bicum,  Os  crista' turn,  Osfora- 
minulen'tum,  Os  colifor' me,  Os  colato'rium,  (F.) 
Os  cribleux.  One  of  the  eight  bones  which  com- 
pose the  cranium  ;  so  called,  because  its  upper 
plate  is  pierced  by  a  considerable  number  of 
holes.  The  ethmoid  bone  is  situate  at  the  ante- 
rior, inferior,  and  middle  part  of  the  base  of  the 
cranium.  It  seems  to  be  composed  of  a  multitude 
of  thin,  fragile,  semi-transparent  laminae,  which 
form  more  or  less  spacious  cells,  called  the  Eth- 
moidal labyrinth  or  cells,  distinguished  into  ante- 
rior and  posterior.  These  communicate  with  the 
nose,  and  are  lined  by  a  prolongation  of  the 
pituitary  membrane.  The  ethmoid  bone  is  con- 
stituted of  compact  tissue,  and  is  surrounded  by 
the  Ethmoid  suture.  It  is  articulated  with  the 
frontal  and  sjihenoidal  hones,  the  corntia  sp>heno- 
'idalia,  the  superior  maxillary  bones,  the  palate 
bones,  the  ossa  turbinata  inferiora,  the  vomer, 
the  propier  bones  of  the  nose,  and  the  lachrymal 
bones. 

ETHMOID'AL,  Ethmdida'lis.  Belonging  to 
the  ethmoid  bone;  as,  Ethmoidal  cells,  E.  suture, 
&c.  The  Ethmoi'dal  apoph'ysis  or  process  is  the 
advanced  part  of  the  sphenoid  bone,  which  articu- 
lates with  the  ethmoid.  The  ethmoidal  arteries 
are  two  in  number,  the  anterior  of  which  arises 
from  the  ophthalmic  artery.  The  origin  of  the 
other  varies.  The  Echancrure  ethmo'idale  of  the  os 
frontis  receives  the  ethmoid  bones.  The  Ethmoi- 
dal veins  correspond  to  the  arteries. 

ETHMOSYNE,  Habit. 

ETHMYPHE,  Cellular  tissue. 

ETHMYPHI'TTS,  Inflamma'tio  telcB  cellnlo'sce, 
from  riQjio;,  'a  sieve,'  'vipv,  'texture,'  and  itis,  de- 
noting inflammation.  Inflammation  of  the  cel- 
lular membrane. 


ETHMYPH0TYL0SI3 


3M 


EUPATORIUM 


ETHMYPHOTTLOSIS,  Induration  of  the  cel- 
lular tissue. 

ETHOS,  Habit. 

E^THULE,  CYANURET  OF,  ^ther. 

ETEUSE,  ^thusa  cynapium — e.  2Ieum,  ^thu- 
sa  meum. 

ETHYLE,  CHLORIDE  OF,  ^ther  muri- 
aticus.  ^ 

ETIOLA'TIOX,  Blanching,  (F.)  Etiolement. 
That  state  of  plants  which  occurs  in  consequence 
of  privation  of  light,  when  they  become  pale  and 
watery.  In  pathology,  it  is  sometimes  used  to 
denote  the  paleness  produced  in  those  persons 
who  have  been  kept  long  without  light;  or  a 
similar  paleness,  the  result  of  chronic  disease. 

ETIOLEMENT,  Etiolation. 

ETIOLOGY,  ^tiologia. 

ETIQUETTE,  MEDICAL,  Deontology,  me- 
dical. 

ETTSE,  Hectisis — i.  Mesenterique,  Tabes  me- 
senterica. 

ETOILE,  Stella. 

ETONNEE,  Stunned. 

ETOUFFEMENT,  Suffocation. 

ETO  URDISSEMENT,  Vertigo. 

ETRANGLEMENT,  Strangulation,  Hysteria 
■ — e.  des  Infestins,  Enteremphraxis.        * 

ETRIER,  Stapes. 

ETROX,  Abdomen,  Hypogastrium. 

ETROX'CUS,  from  tjtoov,  'the  lower  belly,' 
and  oy/coj,  '  a  tumour.'  A  tumour  of  the  lower 
belly. 

:^TUVE,  Stove— e.  Humide,  Bath,  vapour. 

ETUYER,  to  Foment. 

EU,  Ev,  '  good,  proper,'  when  prefixed  to  words. 
Hence : 

EU^'MIA,  from  tv,  'well,'  and  'aipia,  'blood.' 
A  good  condition  of  the  blood. 

EmESTHE'SIA,  from  ev,  'well,'  and  aiaOn(Tis, 
'  perception.'  Vigorous  perception.  A  good  con- 
dition of  the  perceptive  faculties. 

EU^ESTHE'TOS.  Same  etymon.  One  whose 
senses  are  in  full  vigour. 

EUAXALEP'SIS,  from  ev,  'good,'  and  ava- 
Xri^-is,  'recovery.'    Rapid  restoration  to  strength. 

EUANTHEMON,  Anthemis  nobilis. 

EUCALYPTUS  RESINIFERA,  see  Kino. 

EUCHRCE'A,  from  tv,  'good,'  and  XP"^"'  'co- 
lour.' A  good  or  healthy  colour  of  the  skin.  A 
good  appearance  of  the  surface.  ■' 

EUCHYM'IA,  from  ev,  'well,'  and  x"!'"^' 
'juice.'     A  good  state  of  the  humours. 

EUCRA'SIA,  from  n,  'well,'  and  Kpaaig,  'tem- 
perament.'    A  good  temperament. 

EUDIAPNEUS'TIA,  from  cviia-vtvaro;,  'one 
who  breathes  well.'     Easy  transpiration. 

EUECTICA  (medicina)  .Gymnastics. 

EUEL'CES,  from  ev,  'well,'  and  'eAkoj,  'an 
ulcer.'  One  in  whom  wounds  and  ulcers  are 
readily  healed. 

EU'EMES,  Euem'etos,  from  cv,  'well,'  and 
tfizo},  '  I  vomit.'  That  which  readily  excites 
vomiting.     One  who  vomits  with  facility. 

EUETHES,  Benign. 

EUEX'IA,  from  ev,  'well,'  and  'e^t;,  '  constitu- 
tjoc'     A  good  constitution. 

EUFRAISE,  Euphrasia  officinalis. 

EUGE'XIA  CARYOPIIYLLA'TA,  called  after 
Prince  Eugene.  Garrophi/l'lns,  C'aryopJujl'lits  aro- 
Ktiit'icus,  3fi/rttt3  caryophyl'lua.  The  Indian  tree 
(vhich  affords  the  clove.  Order,  Myrtaceoc.  The 
Clove,  Caryophyl'lus,  C.  aromai' ieua,\s  the  unex- 
f^nded  bud,  (F.)  Girofie,  Gerojle,  Girophle.     Its 


odour  is  strong,  aromatic,  and  peculiar;  taste, 
pungent  and  acrid.  Like  all  substances,  whoso 
virtue  depends  upon  essential  oil,  it  is  stimulant 
and  carminative.  It  is  generally  used  as  a  cor- 
rigent  to  other  remedies,  and  in  cases  where  sub- 
stances containing  the  essential  oils  are  demanded. 
The  oil,  (F.)  EuUe  de  Gerojle — Oleum  caryojjhyl'- 
li,  Oil  of  Cloves — has  the  properties  of  the  cloves. 

EUGIOX,  Hymen. 

EULOPHIA,  see  Salep. 

EUXUCH,  Exinu'clius,  from  evvrj,  'the  bed,' 
and  £;^M,  'I  keep.'  Hemian'd.rus,  Hemianor,  He- 
mianthro'pius,  Seminias,  Semimas' cuius,  Sewivir, 
Thla'dias,  Thla'sias,  Thlib'ias,  Castra'tus,  Gallus, 
Ejocastra'tus,  Evira'tus,  Emascxda'tua,  Spado,  Ex- 
sec'tus,  Extesticula'tus,  Extom'ius,  Scm'ivir,  Semi- 
niascula'tus.  One  whose  organs  of  generation 
have  been  removed,  or  so  altered,  that  he  is  ren- 
dered incapable  of  reproducing  his  species,  or  of 
exercising  the  act  of  venery.  Eunuchs  were 
common  with  the  ancient  Romans.  In  Italy, 
this  horrible  mutilation  still  takes  place  to  im- 
prove the  voice ;  and  in  the  East,  eunuchs  have 
the  surveillance  of  the  seraglio. 

EUXUCHISMUS,  Castration. 

EUXUCHIUM  MECOXIS,  Lettuce. 

EUXUCHUS,  Castratus,  Eunuch. 

EUODES,  Beneolentia. 

EUOXYMUS,  Quassia  simarouba. 

Erox'yjfUS  Ajierica'xus,  Strawberry  lus\ 
Straicberry  tree,  Burning  bush,  Indian  arrow- 
icood.  A  shrub  of  the  Kaf.  Ord.  Celastraceae, 
Sex.  Syst.  Pentaudria  monogynia,  which,  like 
the  next,  is  found  throughout  the  United  States 
and  Canada;  flowering  from  May  to  June. 

EuOM'Yirus  Atropurpu'eeus,  Burning  bus?,. 
Spindle  tree,  Indian  Arrow  tcood,  flowers  from 
June  to  July. 

From  these  varieties  of  Euonymus  the  Wahoo 
or  Whahoo  bark  is  said  to  be  obtained.  It  is  diu- 
retic, antiperiodic,  tonic,  and  a  hydragogue  ca- 
thartic, and  has  been  used  in  dropsy  in  infusion, 
in  the  proportion  of  an  ounce  to  a  pint  of  water. 

EUPATHI'A,  Euphor'ia,  from  ev,  'well,'  and 
-a-Soj,  '  suffering.'  A  disposition  for  being  affected 
by  pain  easily.     Also,  a  good  state  of  health. 

EtPATOIRE  UAVICEXXE,  Eupatorium 
eannabinum — e.  Percefeuille,  Eupatorium  perfo- 
liatum. 

EUPATORIUM,  Eupatorium  perforatum. 

Eupato'rium  Ageratoi'des,  White  Snakeroot / 
indigenous  ;  flowering  in  August  and  September; 
has  the  same  properties  as  Eupatorium  perfo- 
liatum. 

EcPATo'Rirsr  CAXNAs'iNrw,  called  after  Mi- 
thridates  Eupator,  Eupato'riurn,  E.  Arab'icum 
seu  Japon'icum  seu  trifolia'tum,  Cannab'ina 
aquat'icn.  Hemp  agrimony,  Eupatorium  of  Avi- 
cenna.  Herb  of  Saint  Cuncgonde,  Trifo'liuni  cer- 
vi'nurn,  Orig'anum  aquat'icum,  (F.)  Eupatoire 
d'Avicenne.  Fomily,  Synantherea^ ;  Sex.  Syst. 
Syngenesia  sequalis.  The  juice  of  this  plant 
proves  violentl3'^  emetic  and  purgative,  if  taken 
in  sufficient  quantity.  It  has  been  considered 
diuretic,  cathartic  and  emetic. 

EuPAT0Riu>r  Co^■^'AT^^r,  E.  perfoliatum  —  e. 
Guaco,  Guaco — e.  Japonicum,  E.  Cannabinam — 
e.  Mesues,  Achillea  ageratum. 

Eupatorium  Perfolia'tum,  E.  Conna'tum, 
Eupatorium — (Ph.  U.  S.)  (F.)  Eupatoire  perce- 
feuille ;  Boneset,  Thor'oughtcorf,  Thor'oughatem, 
Thor'ougwax,  Vegetable  antimony,  Crossicort, 
Agueiceedf  Feverwort,  Indian  sage,  Joe-pye,  Teazel, 
Sweating  plant,  is  a  plant  which  grows  in  low, 
wet  meadows  throughout  the  L'nited  States.  It 
is  considered  to  be  stimulating,  tonic,  emetic,  pur- 


EUPEPSIA 


■345 


EUSTACHIAN 


gatire,  diuretic,  and  sudorific.     Dose,  gr.  xv.  of 
the  powder,  as  a  gentle  purgative. 

EuPATORiuJi,  Purple-stalked,  E.  purpureum. 
EuPATORiuM     Purpu'reuji,    3Iohaich     tassel, 
Purple-stalked    Eapato'rium,    Trumpet    weed,    is 
used  in  similar  cases,  as  well  as 

EuPATOEiUM  Sessilifo'lium,  Upland  Boneset, 
and 

EtjPATORirir  TErcErFO'LiuM,  ^7^ld  horeliound, 
Germnnder-leared  horehoiiiid. 
EuPATORinr  Trifoliatuji,  E.  Cannabinum. 
EUPEP'SIA,  from  £u,  'well,'  and  nc-rw,  '1  di- 
gest.'    A  good  digestion.     The  antithesis  to  dys- 
pepsia. 

EUPEP'TIC,  Eupep't'M,  Eupep'ticus.  Same 
etymon.  Relating  to  a  good  digestion.  One  en- 
dowed with  a  good  digestion. 

EUPHLO'G-IA,  from  cu,  'well,'  and  ^Atyw,  'I 
burn.'     Mild  inflammation.     Variola. 

EU'PHOISrY,  Eupho'nia,  from  su,  'well,'  and 
favri,  'voice.'     An  agreeable  or  regular  voice. 

EUPHORBE  CYPRES,  E.  cyparissias  —  e. 
des  Marais,  E.  palustris — e.  Vomitive,  E.  ijjecac- 
uanha. 

EUPHOR'BIA  CAPITA'TA,  Caa  cica.  Ord. 
Euphorbiacese.  A  Brazilian  plant,  which  is 
strongly  astringent  and  not  poisonous.  It  is 
considered  to  be  one  of  the  best  remedies  for  the 
bites  of  serpents.  It  is,  also,  called  Colubri'na 
Lusitan'ica. 

Euphorbia  Coeolla'ta,  Large Jloicering 
spurge,  Milhweed,  Snakes'  milk,  Ipeeacuan'ha, 
Hippo,  Picac,  Ip'ecac,  Jililk  pmrslain.  Purge  root, 
Emet'ic  root,  Bowman's  root,  Apple  root,  Indian 
Phi/sic,  has  similar  properties  to  the  last.  The 
dose  of  the  root  is  the  same. 

Euphorbia  Ci'paeis'sias,  Es'vla  minor  seu 
Cyparissias,  Euplior'bia  Cypressi'na,  Tithym'- 
alus  Cyparis' sia.  The  Cypress  sjnirge,  (F.)  Eii^ 
pjhorhe  cypres.  This,  like  most  of  the  spurges, 
is  very  acrimonious.  Amongst  the  rustics,  it 
was  formerly  called  ^ooc  man's  rhubarb,  and  was, 
consequently,  a  laxative.  It  is  not  used. 
Euphorbia  Cypressina,  E.  Cyparissais. 
Euphorbia  Hypericifo'lia.  A  native  of  the 
United  States.  It  is  astringent  and  tonic.  Used 
in  infusion — f^ss  to  Oj  of  boiling  water.  Dose, 
a  tablespoonful. 

Euphorbia  Ipecacuan'ha,  Anisopliyllum  Ipe- 
cacuanha, Ipecacuanha  spiurge,  (F.)  Evphorbe 
vomitive.  This  species  of  spurge  is  common  in 
the  southern  and  middle  parts  of  the  United 
States.  The  root  is  a  powerful  emetic,  in  the 
dose  of  from  five  to  fifteen  grains  :  twenty  grains 
act  as  a  cathartic  liliewise.  In  large  doses,  it  acts 
as  a  narcotico-aerid. 

Euphorbia  Lath'yris.  The  systematic  name 
of  the  plant  which  afi'ords  the  lesser  catapn'tia 
seeds,  Catajju'tia  7ninor,  Caper  sp>urge,  Lath'yris, 
Gar' den  spturge.  Caper  jilant,  Hole-plant,  Ti- 
ihym'alus  latifo'lius  seu  la'thyris,  Galarhce'us 
Lath'yris.  The  seeds  possess  cathartic  properties, 
and  an  expressed  oil  of  the  seeds —  O'leum  Eu- 
phor'bicB  Lathyr'idis  —  has  been  given  as  a  ca- 
thartic in  the  dose  of  six  to  twelve  drops. 

Euphorbia  Officina'ruji.  The  systematic 
name  of  the  plant  which  affords  the  Euphorbium, 
Euphorbia  gummi-resi'na,  Gnm.mi  euph.orbicB,  in 
greatest  abundance.  The  euphorbium  is  an  in- 
odorous gum-resin,  in  yellow  tears,  which  have 
the  appearance  of  being  worm-eaten.  It  enters 
into  the  composition  of  some  plasters,  and  has 
been  used  as  an  errhine. 

Euphorbia  Palus'tris,  E.  panicida'ta, 
Greater  sj^urge,  Es'ula  major,  Tithym'alus  palus'- 
tn's,  Galarhce' us  palus'tris,  Ifarsh  sp)urge,  (F.) 
Euphorbe  des  marais.     The  juice   is   given,  in 


Russia,  as  a  common  purge.     It  is  used,  too,  as 
an  irritant  in  tinea,  warts,  <fec. 

Euphorbia  Palustris  and  E.  Villosa,  or  E,. 
PiLo'sA  have  been  brought  forward  as  preven- 
tives of  hydrophobia  —  the  bitten  part  being 
washed  with  a  decoction,  and,  at  the  same  time, 
the  decoction  being  taken  internally. 
Euphorbia  Paxiculata,  E.  palustris. 
Euphorbia  Paral'ias,  Tithym'alus  paralias, 
Sea  spurge.  This  is  violently  cathartic  and  irri- 
tating, and  is  seldom  used. 

Euphorbia  Pilosa,  see  Euphorbia  palustris — 
e.  Villosa,  see  Euphorbia  palustris. 

^S3°  All  the  spurges  are  vesicant  and  rubefa- 
cient, when  applied  externally. 

EUPHORBIUM,  Euphorbia  officinai-um. 
EUPHORIA,  Eupathia. 
EUPHRAGIA,  Euphrasia  officinalis. 
EUPHRA'SIA,  E.  Offieina'lis  seu  Min'ima  seu 
Imhrica'ta,  Oculn'ria,  Euphra'gia,  Ophthal'mica, 
Eyebright,  (F.)  Evfraise,    Casee-Lunette.     It  has 
been  recommended  in  diseases  of  the  eye,  but  is 
un  worth  J'  of  notice. 

EUPLAS'TIC,  Euplas'ticv-s :  from  cv,  'well,' 
and  irAao-cru,  'I  form.'  Having  the  capacity  of 
becoming  organizable  in  a  high  degree,  —  as  in 
false  membranes  resulting  from  acute  inflamma- 
tion in  a  healthy  person. 

EUPLEURUM  SERRULATUM,  Diosma  ere- 
nata. 

EUPXCE'A,  from  cv,  'well,'  and  irvtii),  '1  re- 
spire.'    Freedom  or  facility  of  respiration. 

EURHYTH'MIA,  from  ev,  'well,' and  p5/joj, 
'  rhythm.'     Regularity  of  the  pulse.  . 
EURIBALI,  JuribaU. 
EURODES,  Carious. 

EURODON'TICUS,  from  cvpog,  'caries,'  and 
oSovg,  '  a  tooth.'     Suffering  from  carious  teeth. 

EURUS,  cvpvs,   'mould,  putrefaction,'  Mucor, 
Caries.     Corruption  of  the  humours. 
EURYCHORIA,  Sinus. 
EURYCLES,  Engastrimyth. 
EURYCLITUS,  Engastrimyth. 
EURYSMUS,  Dilatation. 

EURYTH'MIA,  Euryth'mns,  from  iv,  'well,' 
and  pvOfj-o;,  '  rhythm.'  Regularity  of  pulse,  both 
as  regards  quantity  and  quality. 

EUSAR'CUS,  from  ev,  well,'  and  aap^,  'flesh.' 
One  who  is  fleshy,  robust,  muscular. 

EUSEMI'A,  from  eu,  'well,'  and  cripieiov,  'a 
sign.'     A  collection  of  good  signs. 

EUSPLANCH'NIA,  from  iv,  'well,'  and 
u-y^ayx^ov,  'a  viscus.'  A  healthy  state  of  the 
viscera. 

EUSTA'CHIAN  TUBE,  Ttiba  Eustachia'na, 
Syrin'ga,  Syrinx,  3Iea'tus  emeus.  Tuba  AristoteV - 
ica,  Ductus  auris  palati'nus.  Iter  a  Pala'to  ad 
Aurem,  (F.)  Trompe  ou  Conduit  d'Eustache,  Con- 
duit guttural  de  I'oreille — Ch.  This  tube  was  so 
called  from  its  discoverer,  Eustaehius.  It  is 
partly  bony  and  partly  cartilaginous  :  extending 
from  the  cavity  of  the  tympanum  to  the  upper 
pai't  of  the  pharynx.  Its  length  is  about  two 
inches ;  the  bony  portion  which  belongs  to  the 
temporal  bone,  is  about  three-fourths  of  an  inch 
long.  It  is  lined,  internallj^,  by  a  prolongation 
of  the  lining  membrane  of  the  pharynx.  Its 
nerves  are  furnished  by  the  palatin  branches  of 
the  ganglion  of  Meckel,  and  its  vessels  proceed 
from  those  of  the  pharynx  and  velum  pendulum. 
The  use  of  the  tube  seems  to  be,  to  permit  the 
renewal  of  air  in  the  cavity  of  the  tympanum. 

Eusta'chian  Valve,  Valve  of  Eusta'chiua, 
Valvule  d'Eustachi  ou  d'Eustache.  A  membra- 
nous, semilunar  fold,  which  corresponds  to  thd 
opening  of  the  vena  cava  inferior  into  the  right 
auricle  of  the  heart 


EUSTHENIA 


346 


EXAMBLOSIS 


EUSTnENI'A,  Vigoi;  Exuheran'tia,  from  tu, 
'well,'  and  aBi,voi,  'strength.'  Flourishing,  exu- 
berant health. — Hippocrates. 

EUSTOM'ACHUS,  from  ev,  'well/  and  aro- 
pa;;^;os, 'stomach.'  Digesting  rapidly.  Having  a 
good  stomach. 

EUTAX'IA,  from  tv,  'well,'  and  racaw,  'I  ar- 
range.' Euthe'sia.  A  well-ordered  constitution, 
in  which  every  part  has  its  proper  relation.  The 
ready  return  of  a  rupture,  or  of  a  luxated  bone. 

EUTHAXA'SIA,  from  cv,  'well,'  and  Qavaroi, 
'death.'     An  easy  death. 

EUTHESIA,  Eutaxia. 

EUTHYENTERON,  Rectum. 

EDTHYENTEROSTENOMA,  Stricture  of  the 
Rectum. 

EUTHYM'IA,  An'rmi  tranquil' litas,  from  tv, 
'well,'  and  Su/^of,  'mind.'  Tranquillity  of  mind. 
A  good  state  of  the  mental  faculties. 

EUTHYPNOE,  Orthopnoea. 

EUTHYPNCEA,  Orthopnoea. 

EUTOC'IA,  fromtu,  'well,'  andro/cof,  'delivery.' 
An  easy  labour.     Eecundity. 

EUTROPHTA,  from  tv,  'well,'  and  TQo<l>r^, 
*  nourishment.'     A  good  state  of  nutrition. 

EUTROPH'IC,  Eutroph'icus,  same  etymon.  A 
term  introduced  into  medical  terminology,  by  the 
author,  for  an  agent  whose  action  is  exerted  on 
the  system  of  nutrition,  without  necessarily  oc- 
casioning manifest  increase  of  any  of  the  secre- 
tions. 

The  cliief  eutrophics  are, — mercurials,  the  pre- 
parations  of  iodine,  bromine,  cod  liver  oil,  the 
jyrepnrations  of  gold  and  silver,  sulphur,  suyar, 
and  sarsaparilla. 

EUZOODYNAMIA,  Sanitas. 

EVAC'UANTS,  Ecacunn'tia,  from  e,  and  va- 
cuare,  'to  empty.'  (F.)  Evacuafffs.  Medicines 
are  so  called  which  occasion  a  discharge  by  some 
emunetory ;  such  as  purgatives,  emetics,  &c. 

EVACUATIFS,  Evacuants. 

EVACUATIO,  Evacuation,  Excretion. 

EVACUA'TION.  Same  etymon.  The  dis- 
charge of  any  matter  whatever  by  the  natural 
passages  or  by  an  artificial  opening. 

EVAN0UISSE3IENT,  Syncope. 

EVAN  ROOT,  Geum  Virginianum. 

EVAPORA'TION,  Evapora'tio,  Vajyora'tio, 
Exhala'tio,  from  e,  and  vap)orare,  '  to  emit  a  va- 
pour.' Transformation  of  a  liquid  into  vapour, 
in  order  to  obtain  the  fixed  matters  contained  in 
It  dry  and  separate  from  the  liquid.  When  the 
■'■apour  is  received  in  a  proper  vessel  and  con- 
densed, the  process  is  called  distillation.  Evapo- 
ration produces  cold,  and  this  is  one  of  the  pro- 
cesses by  which  the  body  is  cooled,  through  the 
evcf■^ration  of  the  perspiratory  fluid. 

EVAUX,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Evaus 
is  situate  in  Auvergne,  in  France.  The  waters 
are  hydrosulphurous  and  thermal. 

EVENTRA'TION,  Eventra'tio,  ff,/poga8tro- 
yix'is,  from  e,  '  out  of,'  and  venter,  '  the  belly.'  A 
tumour,  formed  by  a  general  relaxation  of  the 
parietes  of  the  abdomen,  and  containing  a  great 
part  of  the  abdominal  viscera.  Also,  ventral 
herr.ia,  or  that  which  occurs  in  any  other  way 
than  through  the  natural  openings  of  the  abdo- 
minal parietes.  Lastly,  any  very  extensive  wound 
of  the  abdominal  pirietes,  with  issue  of  the  greater 
part  of  the  intestines. 

EVEN'TUS,  from  e,  'out  of,'  and  venire,  'to 
come.'  Apobai'non,  Apobesom'enon,  Eeheaom'- 
enott,  Termina'tio  morhi.  The  event  or  issue  of  a 
disease,  cither  favourable  or  unfavourable. 

EVERLASTING,  DICECIOUS,  Antennaria 
dioica. 


EVERRIC'ULUM,  Specil'lnm.  A  sort  of 
sound  or  scoop,  used  for  extracting  sand  or  frag- 
ments of  stone  or  clots  of  blood  from  the  bladder, 
after  or  during  the  operation  of  lithotomy. 

EVERSIO  PALPEBR^,  Ectropion. 

EVIGILATION,  see  Sleep. 

EVIL,  THE,  Scrofula— e.  King's,  Scrofula. 

EVIRATIO,  Castration. 

EVIRATUS,  Castratus,  Eunuch. 

EVISCERATION,  Exenterismus. 

EVOLUTIO,  Development  — e.  Spontanea, 
Evolution,  spontaneous. 

EVOLU'TION,  SPONTA'NEOITS,  Fcr'sroseu 
Evolu'tio  sponia'nea,  from  e,  and  volvere,  'to  roll.' 
Sponta'neoua  ver'sion,  Sjjonta'neous  ejpid'sion, 
EujMcatiori  of  the  fcetus.  A  term,  applied,  by 
Dr.  Denman,  to  what  he  considered  to  be  a  spon- 
taneous turning  of  the  foetus  in  utero,  in  an  arm 
presentation,  in  consequence  of  powerful  uterine 
contractions  forcing  out  the  breech  and  feet,  whilst 
the  arm  recedes.  It  is  now  usually  considered 
to  be  a  doubling  of  the  foetus,  so  that  the  arm 
changes  its  position  but  little,  whilst  the  breech 
is  forcibly  expelled  before  the  upper  extremity ; 
— the  case  becoming  similar  to  a  breech  presen- 
tation. 

EvoLTJTioN,  Vesicle  of,  Vesicle  of  develop- 
ment. 

EVOMITIO,  Vomiting. 

EVONYMUS,  Euonymus. 

EVUL'SION,  Avulsion,  Evul'sio,  from  evellere, 
(e.  and  vellere,)  '  to  pluck  out.'  Apotil'mos,  Ec- 
til'mos,  Tibnos.  The  action  of  plucking  out; 
forcible  extraction.  ( F.  )  Arrnchetnent.  This 
word  is  oftener  used  by  the  French  tian  by  the 
English  surgeons,  for  the  act  of  extracting  certain 
parts,  the  presence  of  which  is  injurious, — as  the 
teeth,  &c. 

EX  MARIBUS,  Castratus. 

EXACERBATIO,  Exacerbation,  Paroxysm. 

EXACERBA'TION,  Exacerba'tio,  Exaspera'- 
tio,  Excrescen'tia,  from  exacerbare,  {ex,  and  acer- 
hus,)  '  to  provoke.'  CF.)  Eedonblement.  An  in- 
crease in  the  symptoms  of  a  disorder.  Often  used 
synonvmously  with  paroxysm. 

EXACUM  SPICATUM,  Coutoubea  alba. 

EX^MATOSIS,  Hffimatosis. 

EXJilMIA,  Ansemia. 

EXiEMOS,  Exanguious. 

EX^'RESIS,  from  ei,  'out  of,'  and  aipto),  'I 
take  away.'  A  surgical  operation,  which  consists 
in  drawing,  extracting,  or  removing,  from  the 
human  body,  every  thing  that  is  useless,  noxious, 
or  extraneous.  It  is  a  generic  term,  which  in- 
cludes extraction,  evulsion,  evacuation,  excision, 
ablation,  amputation,  &c. 

ExjEEESIs,  Extraction. 

EXAGION.  The  sixth  part  of  an  ounce  :— 
four  scruples. — Actuarius. 

FXAG'GERATED,  Exaggero'tus,  {V.)Exagerf. 
Heightened.  Increased  by  expression.  An  epi- 
thet for  sounds  heard  on  auscultation  and  per- 
cussion ;  when  much  increased  —  Hypereclie'ais, 
Hypereche'  ma. 

EXAL'MA,  from  cf,  out  of,'  and  aWoiiai,  'I 
leap.'  Exahis.  Hippocrates  calls  thus  the  dis- 
placement of  the  vertebrw. 

EXALSIS,  Exalmn,  Leap. 

EXALTA'TION  OF  TEE  VITAL  FORCES, 
Exalta'tio  vi'rium.  This  expression  has  been 
used,  by  modern  pathologists,  to,  designate  a 
morbid  increase  in  the  action  of  organs,  and 
partly  that  which  occurs  in  an  inflamed  organ. 
Some  use  exaltation  of  the  vital  forces,  and  ITU 
fl animation,  svnonymously. 

EXAMBLOMA,  Abortion. 

EXAMBLOSIS,  Abortion. 


EXAMEN 


347 


EXCITATIOIsr 


EX'AMEX  RIGORO'SUM.  'Rigorous  exa- 
mination.' An  examination  of  a  Candidate  for 
the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Medicine  in  tlie  Prussian 
Universities,  which,  like  the  Tentamen  mech'cum, 
is  conducted  in  Latin,  and  takes  place  before  the 
medical  faculty  on  all  branches  of  medicine. 

EXANASTOMOSIS,  Anastomosis. 

EXAXASTROPHE,  Convalescence. 

EXANGI'A,  from  £|ayyi^a),  (tf,  and  ayyog,  '  a 
vessel,')  *I  evacuate  from  a  vessel.'  Exangei'a. 
An  enlargement  or  rupture  of  a  blood-vessel, 
without  external  opening.  A  genus  in  the  order 
Dysthetica,  class  Ummutica  of  Good.  It  com- 
prises aneurism  and  varix. 

ExANGiA  AxEUHiSMA,  Ancurism. 

EXAN'GUIOUS,  ExcB'mos,  Exfian'gnis,  from 
e.r,  out  of,'  and  sanguis,  'blood.'  One  who  seems 
bloodless ;  as  a  female,  who  has  suifered  largely 
from  uterine  hemorrhage. 

EXANIA,  Proctocele. 

EXANIP^A'TIOX,  Exanima'tio,  from  ex,  'out 
of,'  and  anima,  'the  spirit.'  This  word  has  two 
acceptations.  Sometimes,  it  means  real  death, 
corresponding  with  the  Greek  Savarog,  mors.  At 
others,  it  signiiies  apparent  death,  corresponding 
■with  the  Greek  a-^v)(^i.a,  £m^u;:^ia,  tK^vcrts,  Ani'mi 
deli' qui  inn. 

EXAN'THEM,  Exantke'ma,  Anthe'ma  ernp'tio, 
Epantlie'ma,  Efflorescen'tia,  Exanthis'ma,  Ecthy'- 
tnn,  Eioanaste'mn,  Epantlie'ma,  Epanthis'ma,  Ef- 
flora'tio,  from / |av-9-£ct),  (e^,  and  avQziii,)  'I  flourish.' 
A  rash.  (F.)  Elevure.  Under  this  term,  is  com- 
prehended, by  some,  every  kind  of  eruption,  of 
which  the  skin  is  the  seat.  Others  comprehend 
by  it  those  eruptions  that  are  accompanied  by 
fever,  Fehres  exanthemat' ices :  including,  nnder 
the  head  of  the  major  exanthemata,  those  which 
attack  a  person  but  once  in  his  life,  and  which 
are  communicated  by  specific  contagion  ;  and, 
under  the  minor  exanthemata,  those  which  are 
not  marked  by  these  characteristics.  Small-pox, 
measles,  cow-pox,  &c.,  belong  to  the  major: — 
chicken-pox,  herpes,  lichen,  &c.,  to  the  minor. 
The  general  acceptation  of  Exanthem  is,  how- 
ever, a  more  or  less  vivid,  circumscribed,  or  dif- 
fuse redness  of  the  skin,  which  diminishes  or 
disappears  transiently  under  the  pressure  of  the 
finger. 

ExANTHEir,  Carbuncttlar.  Anthracia — e.  Icho- 
rous, Emphlysis  —  e.  Pustulous,  Empyesis  —  e. 
Rash,  Enanthesis. 

EXANTHEMA,  Eminence— e.  Internum,  Eis- 
anthema. 

Exanthe'ma  loD'icxrjt.  An  eruption  of  dark- 
red  definite  spots,  of  various  sizes,  spreading  over 
the  whole  body,  without  the  formation  of  scales, 
and  disappearing  only  after  a  long  time,  which 
seems  to  be  produced  occasionally  by  the  use  of 
iodine. 

Exanthema  Miliaria,  Miliary  fever — e.  Pes- 
tis,  Plague, — e.  Antivariolosum,  Vaccina — e.  Se- 
rosum.  Pemphigus — e.  Strophulus,  Strophulus — 
e.  Urticatum,  Urticaria — e.  Vaccina,  Vaccina — e. 
Varicella,  Varicella. 

EXANTHEMAT'ICA.  Same  etymon.  Ervp'- 
tive  fevers.  Cutaneous  eruptions,  essentially  ac- 
companied with  fever ;  —  the  third  order  in  the 
class  Hmmatica  of  Good. 

EXANTHEMATIS'CHESIS,  Exanthemafos'. 
chesis,  from  c^avBrjjxa,  'exanthem,'  and  ia')(_ziv,  'to 
withhold.'     Suppression  of  a  cutaneous  eruption. 

EXA]SrTEEMATOL'OGT,£'j;o?!f;/.emaioZoy(rt, 
from  t^avOrijia,  'exanthem,'  and  \oYog,  'a  dis- 
course.'    The  doctrine  of  cutaneous  eruptions. 

EXAXTHBMAT0PHTHAL'MIA,0;j7(rtaZm'- 
ia  exanthemat'ica,  from  c^avQrjfxa,  '  exanthem,' 
and  ofOaXiiia,  'inflammation  of  the  eye.'     Oph- 


thalmia in  the  course  of,  or  succeeding  to,  a' cu- 
taneous eruption. 

EXANTHEME  INTESTIJSIALE,  see  Ty- 
phus. 

EXANTHESIS,  see  Efflorescence— e.  Arthro- 
sia.  Dengue,  —  e.  Roseola,  Roseola — e.  Rubeola, 
Rubeola. 

EXANTHISMA,  Exanthem. 

EXANTHROPIA,  Misanthropia. 

EXAPSIS,  Inflammation. 

EXARAG'MA,  from  e^apac-cui,  'I  tear  away,' 
'  I  break.'     Collision,  violent  fracture  or  friction. 

EXARCHIA'TER.  Chief  of  the  archiatri  or 
chief  of  physicians,  a  title,  like  that  of  Comes  Ar- 
ehiatro'rum,  given  to  the  chief  physician  of  an 
emperor  or  king.  Archiater  appears  to  have 
meant,  at  times,  the  same  thing. 

EXARMA,  Swelling. 

EXAR'SIO.     A  burning  heat. 

EXARTEMA,  Amuletum. 

EXARTERI'TIS,  Exarterii'tis,  from  £|,  'out 
of,'  and  arteria,  'an  artery.'  Inflammation  of 
the  outer  coat  of  an  artery. 

EXARTHREMA,  Luxation,  Sprain. 

EXARTHROMA,  Luxation. 

EXARTHROSIS,  Luxatio,  Sprain— e.  Pareti- 
ca,  see  Pareticus. 

EXARTICULATIO,  Amputation,  joint, 
Luxatio. 

EXARYSIS,  Exhaustion. 

EXASPIRATIO,  Exacerbation. 

EXCiECARIA  AGALLOCHA,  Agallochum. 

EXCALEFACTIO,  Echavffement. 

EXCARNA'TIOX,  Excama'tio,  from  ex,  and 
caro,  'flesh.'  A  mode  of  making  anatomical  pre- 
parations, which  consists  in  separating  injected 
vessels  from  the  jiarts  in  which  they  are  situate. 
This  is  done  by  means  of  corrosion  by  an  acid  or 
by  putrefaction. 

EXGASTRATIO,  Castration,  Eunuch. 

EXCATHISMA,  Bath,  half,  Semicupium. 

EXCEREBRATIO,  Eccephalosis. 

EXCEREBRATUS,  Delirioiis. 

EXCERNEXT,  Secreting. 

EXCIDEXTIA,  Ecptoma. 

EXCIP'IENT,  Exeip'iens,  from  excipere,  (ex, 
and  cajjere,)  'to  receive.'  (F.)  Intcrmede.  A 
substance,  which,  in  a  medicinal  prescription, 
gives  form  and  consistence  to  it,  and  serves  as  a 
vehicle  or  medium  for  the  exhibition  of  the  other 
insrredients. 

EXCIPULA,  Cup. 

EXCISIO,  Entaille. 

EXCIS'ION,  Excia'io,  from  exoidere,  {ex,  and 
cmdere,)  'to  cut  off.'  Ec'towe.  A  surgical  opera- 
tion, by  which  parts  of  a  small  size  are  removed 
with  a  cutting  instrument. 

EXCITABIL'ITY,  ExcitahU'ifas.  Irritability. 
The  faculty,  possessed  by  living  beings,  of  being 
sensible  to  the  action  of  excitants.  The  doctrine 
of  excitability  forms  an  important  part  of  tho 
Brunonian  system. 

EXCITANT,  Stimulant. 

EXCITA'TIOX,  Excita'tio,  Excite'ment;  saiye 
etymon:  from  crcaVare,  (ea;,  and  c?V«re,)  'to  ex- 
cite.' The  act  of  exciting ;  the  state  of  an  organ 
or  organs  excited.  Excitement  is,  sometimes, 
used  synonymously  with  augmented  arterial 
action.  The  effect  of  the  exciting  powers  acting 
on  the  excitability,  according  to  Brown,  consti- 
tutes excitenie-nt.  Cullen  used  the  term  to  express 
the  restoration  of  the  energy  and  action  of  the 
brain,  which  had  been  interrupted  bv  sleep  or 
some  debilitating  cause, — a  state  opposite  to  that 
of  collapse.  Not  unfrequently  it  is  employed  in 
the  sense  of  excessive  action,  —  SiqieT-t^xeita'Ho 
(F.)  Sur-exoitation, 


EXCITED  DISEASES 


348 


EXrOT.IATIVE 


EXCITED  DISEASES,  Feigned  diseases. 

EXCITO-MOTION,  see  Excito-motory. 

EXCI'TO-MO'TORy.  An  epithet  applied  by 
Dr.  Marshall  Hall  to  a  division  of  the  nervous 
system — comprising  the  gray  matter  of  the  spinal 
marrow,  with  the  afferent  and  efferent  nerves  con- 
nected with  it;  —  all  of  which  are  concerned  in 
reflex  actions  ;  or  those  by  which  impressions  are 
transmitted  to  a  centre,  and  reflected  so  as  to 
produce  muscular  contraction  without  sensation 
or  volition.     See  Nerves. 

The  term  excito-motion  has  also  been  employed 
to  signify  motion  no  matter  how  excited,  by  the 
reflex  nerves  or  by  volition — C.  J.  B.  Williams. 

EXCORIATIO,  Ecdora. 

EXCORIA'TION,  Excoria'tio,  ExcoHatn'ra, 
Am'yche,  from  ex,  and  corium,  'skin.'  (F.)  Ecor- 
chure.  A  slight  wound,  which  removes  only  the 
skin. 

EXCORIATURA,  Excoriation, 

EXCREA'TION,  Excrea'tio,  Exscrea'tio, 
Screa'tus,  Ilasca'tio,  from  ex,  and  screnre,  'to 
spit.'  Act  of  spitting.  (F.)  Orachement.  See 
Exspuitio. 

EX'CREMENT,  Excremen'tum,  Betrimen'tum, 
Excre'tam,  Excre'tio,  Perito'ma,  Diachore'ma, 
Aph'odos,  Aphodeu' ma,  Apocho' reon,  Apoc'i'isis, 
Ardas,  Ar'dalos,  from  excernere,  (ea;,  and  eernere,) 
*to  separate,'  'cleanse.'  Every  thing,  which  is  eva- 
cuated from  the  body  of  an  animal  by  the  natural 
emunctories,  as  superfluous ;  such  as  the  fa3cal 
matters,  the  urine,  perspiration,  nasal  mucus,  Ac. 
Generally,  however,  the  term  is  restricted  to  the 
feecal  evacuations  ; — Purgamenta,  Hedra,  Sedes, 
Faces,  Stercus,  Cacce,  Spiat'ile,  (especially  when 
liquid,)  JJejec'tio  alvi'na,  O'nera  alvi,  Sordes  ven- 
tris,  Hypochore'ma,  Cce'lia,  Hypoehore' sis,  Merda, 
Merdus,  Catarrhex'is,  Copras,  Scor. 

Excrement,  Human,  Stercus  humanum. 

EXCREMEXTIT"IAL,  Excremantifious,  Ex- 
crementifius,  (F.)  Excrementeux,  Excrement-itiel. 
That  which  is  similar  to  excrement,  and  forms 
part  of  it.  Excrementitial  humours  or  parts  are 
those  destined  to  be  evacuated  as  incapable  of 
administerina:  to  the  nutrition  of  the  body. 

EXCREM'EN'TO-RECREMENTIT"IAL,£'x- 
eremento  -  recrementit"ious.  Animal  fluids,  in- 
tended to  be  partly  absorbed  and  partly  rejected. 

EXCRES'CENCE,  Excrescen'tia,  'Eepliy'ma, 
Phymato'sis,  Hypersarco' sis,  Sareop/hy'ia,  Caro 
excres'cens,  from  excresoere,  (ex,  and  crescere,) 
'to  grow  outwards.'  (F.)  Excroissance.  A  tu- 
mour, which  forms  at  the  surface  of  organs,  and 
especially  on  the  skin,  mucous  membranes,  or 
ulcerated  surfaces.  Excrescences  difl'er  in  size, 
shape,  cause,  &c.,  and  each  requires  its  own 
treatment.  Warts,  condylomata,  polypi,  hemor- 
rhoids, belong  to  this  head. 

EXCRESCENTIA,  Exacerbation,  Protube- 
rance, Tumour — e.  Carnosa,  Sarcoma — e.  Fun- 
gosa,  Fungosity — e.  Gingiva,  Epulis  —  e.  Vesicas 
urinarise  carnosa,  Cysthj'persarcosis, 

EXCRETA,  see  Excretion. 

EXCRETIO,  Excretion,  Excrement— e.  Alvi- 
na.  Defecation — e.  Fsecum  alvinarum,  Defecation 
— e.  Urinte  involuntaria,  Enuresis. 

EXCRE'TION,  Excre'tio,  Ec'erisis,  Evacna'- 
Hc,  Ejec'tio,  Exp>ul'sio,  Eges'tio,  Uiachore'sis, 
from  excernere,  [ex,  and  eernere,)  'to  separate.' 
The  separation  or  throwing  off'  of  those  matters, 
Eji'.re'ta,  Etjes'ta,  Ton'ta,  Apion'ta,  from  the  body 
of  an  animal,  which  are  supposed  to  be  useless, 
as  the  urine,  perspiration,  and  fajces, 

EX'CRETORY,  Excreto'rius ;  same  etymon. 
An  Excretory  vessel  or  duct  Ts  one  which  trans- 
mits the  fluid  secreted  by  a  gland,  either  exter- 
nally or  into  the  reservoirs  into  which  it  has  to 
be    deposited.      The    existence  of  an  excretory 


duct  was  regarded  as  a  distinctive  character  of 
the  glands  properly  so  called. 

Excretory  Organ  means  any  one  charged 
with  the  office  of  excreting  :  thus,  the  skin  is 
said  to  be  an  excretory  organ,  because  through 
it  the  perspiration  takes  place, 

EXCRETUM,  Excrement. 

EXCROISSANCE,  Excrescence. 

EXCU'TIA  VENTRIC'ULI,  Stomach  Brush-, 
An  instrument,  composed  of  iron  or  brass  wire, 
at  one  of  the  extremities  of  which  is  a  pencil  of 
bristles.  Some  ancient  authors  proposed  this  to 
extract  foreign  bodies  from  the  oesophagus,  as 
well  as  to  cleanse  the  stomach  of  viscid  and  tena- 
cious matters  adhering  to  it. 

EXECHEBRONCHUS,  Bronchocele.       . 

EXECHEGLUTI,  Exischioi. 

EXEDENS,  see  Herpes  excdens, 

EXELCOSIS,  see  Ulceration, 

EXELCYS'MOS,  from  4,  'from,'  and  cIkvio, 
'I  draw.'  Extraction,  Also  the  act  of  breaking 
out  into  ulcers. 

EXELCYSMUS,  Extraction, 

EXENTERATION,  Exenterismus, 

EXENTERIS'MUS,  Exenter'isis,  Exenfera'. 
tio,  Exentera'tion,  Eviscera'tion,  Uiihow'ellivg, 
Visccra'tion,  from  e^,  '  out  of,'  and  evrepov,  '  an 
intestine.'  The  operation  of  disembowelling  or 
eviscerating, 

EXERA'MA,  from  i^ipao},  '1  throw  out,'  Any 
thing  cast  out.  Vomiting;  or  the  matter  vomited. 
— Hippocrates, 

EX'ERCISE,  Exercita'tio,  Exercit"ium,  Asce'- 
sis,  Gymna'sion,  from  exercere,  'to  work.'  Every 
motion  of  the  body  arising  from  the  contraction 
of  muscles  subjected  to  the  will.  Also,  the  action 
of  any  organ  whatever.  Exercise  may  be  active 
or  2}ossii-e.  The  jiassive  are  referred  to,  under 
the  head  of  Gestation,  The  chief  active  exer- 
cises are: — walking,  running,  dancing,  hunting, 
fencing,  playing  at  ball,  cricket,  racket,  quoits, 
swimming,  declamation,  singing,  &c.  Exercise 
is  an  important  prophylactic,  particularly  for 
those  disposed  to  be  plethoric.  It  improves  the 
digestion ;  augments  the  secretions ;  and,  when 
used  in  moderation,  gives  strength  to  the  body; 
but  when  carried  to  excess,  produces  debility  and 
disease. 

EXERRHO'SIS,  from  t^  'out  of,'  and  ptu,  'I 
flow.'  The  discharge  which  takes  place  by  in- 
sensible perspiration, 

EXFCETATION,  see  Pregnancy, 

EXFOLIA'TION,  ExfoUa'tio,  Desquama'iio, 
Eclcp'isis,  from  ex,  imd  folium.,  'a  leaf.'  By  this 
is  meant  the  separation  of  the  dead  portions  of  a 
bone,  tendon,  aponeurosis,  or  cartilage,  under  the 
form  of  lamellae  or  small  scales.  Exfoliation  is 
accomplished  by  the  instinctive  action  of  the 
parts,  and  its  object  is  to  detach  the  dead  por- 
tions from  those  subjacent,  which  are  still  alive. 
For  this  purpose  the  latter  throw  out  fleshy  gra- 
nulations, and  a  more  or  less  abundant  suppura- 
tion occurs,  which  tends  to  separate  the  exfoli- 
ated part,  —  now  become  an  extraneous  body. 
The  ancients  distinguished  exfoliation  into  sensi- 
ble and  insensihle,  according  as  the  dead  portions 
of  bone  were  detached  in  fragments  of  greater  or 
less  size,  or  in  very  thin  pieces,  and  in  an  almost 
insensible  manner.  "When  the  dead  part  em- 
braces all  or  almost  all  the  substance  of  a  bone, 
it  takes  the  name  Sequestrum, 

EXFO'LIATIVE,  Exfvliati'vus,  Besquamaio'- 
rius.  That  which  takes  away  by  leaves  or  scales. 
The  torm  has  been  applied  to  certain  medicines, 
which  were  regarded  as  proper  to  hasten  exfo- 
liation, such  as  alcohol,  oil  of  turpentine,  tincture 
of  myrrh,  &c. 

Exfo'liative  Trepan,  Eclepisitrep)' anum.   An 


EXHALAISON 


849 


EXOPHTHALMIA 


ancient  raspatory,  o^r  instrument  for  scraping  ex- 
foliating portions  of  bone. 

EXHALAISON,  Exhalation. 

EXHA'LA^T,  Exha'lent,  Exlia'lans,  from  ex- 
Italare,  (ex,  and  halare,  'to  breathe,')  'to  exhale,' 
'throw  out.' 

ExHALANT  Vessels,  Vasa  exhalan'tia,  are 
very  minute,  and  rise  from  the  arterial  capillary 
system.  They  are  situate  in  every  tissue  of  the 
body,  and  on  the  surface  of  the  mucous  and  se- 
rous membranes  and  skin ;  on  which  each  pours 
its  particular  fluid.  Bichat  distinguished  three 
sets.  1.  The  external,  terminating  on  the  mucous 
and  external  dermoid  system,  where  they  pour 
the  matter  of  perspiration.  2.  The  internal,  com- 
prising those  of  the  areolar  and  medullary  tis- 
sues, and  of  synovial  surfaces;  and,  3.  The  nutri- 
tive exhalants,  which  vary  in  each  organ  where 
they  are  found,  and  preside  over  the  phenomena 
of  composition  and  increase  of  every  part  of  the 
body.  The  exhalants  are  the  antagonists  of  the 
absorbents.  They  are  imaginary  vessels,  inas- 
much as  they  cannot  be  detected. 

EXHALATIO,  Evaporation. 

EXHALA'TION,  Exhala'tio ;  same  etymon. 
Anathymi'asis,  Apopneu'sis,  (F.)  Exhalaison.  A 
function,  by  virtue  of  which  certain  fluids,  ob- 
tained from  the  blood,  are  spread,  in  the  form  of 
dew,  in  the  areola  of  the  different  textures,  or  at 
the  surface  of  membranes ;  either  for  the  sake  of 
being  thrown  out  of  the  body,  or  to  serve  certain 
purposes.  The  sweat  is  a  liquid,  excrementitious 
exhalation ;  the  serous  fluid  of  the  pleura,  a 
liquid,  recrementitions  exhalation. 

Exhalation  is,  also,  applied  to  that  which  ex- 
hales from  any  body  whatever,  organic  or  inor- 
ganic, dead  or  living. 

Exhalation,  Pulmonary,  see  Perspiration. 

EXHAUS'TION,  Exar'ijsis,  Vires  exhaust's, 
from  exhaurire,  {ex,  and  haurire,)  'to  draw  out.' 
(F.)  Epuissement.  Loss  of  strength,  occasioned 
by  excessive  evacuations,  great  fatigue  or  priva- 
tion of  food,  or  by  disease. 

EXHIL'ARAXT,  Exhil'arans,  from  ex,  and 
hilaro,  '  I  make  merry.'  An  agent  that  exhila- 
rates or  enlivens. 

EXHUMA'TION,  Exhuma'tio,  Effos'sio,  from 
ex,  and  humus,  'the  ground.'  The  disinterment 
of  a  corpse.  The  circumstances  which  render 
this  necessary  are:  —  1.  Judicial  investigations 
relative  to  the  body  of  the  person  inhumed.  2. 
The  removal  of  a  body  from  one  cemetery  to 
another ;  and,  3.  The  evacuation  of  cemeteries 
or  sepulchral  vaults.  The  operation  is  attended 
with  much  unpleasant  smell  and  annoyance,  and 
requires  the  use  of  disinfecting  agents,  of  which 
the  most  jjowerful  is  chlorinated  lime.  See  Dis- 
infection. The  putrid  eflfluvia  from  animal  sub- 
stances are  not,  however,  found  to  excite  endemic 
disease. 

EXIDI A  AURICULA  JUDJil,  Peziza auricula. 

EXISCHIUM.  Same  etymon  as  the  next. 
Prominence  of  the  hips. 

EXIS'CHIUS,  Exis'chus,  from  s^,  'out  of,' 
and  KTX^ov,  'the  ischium.'  A  luxation  of  the  os 
femoris.  Those  with  large  nates,  and  prominent 
hips,  were  formerly  called  Exis'chioi  and  Exeche- 
glu'ti. 

EXITU'RA.  According  to  some,  any  abscess 
which  discharges.  Paracelsus  calls  thus  every 
kind  of  putrid  excrement. 

EX'ITUS,  from  exire,  'to  go  out.'  The  outer 
termination  or  exit  of  a  canal.  The  termination 
of  a  disease. 

EXOARTERITIS,  see  Arteritis. 

EXOCARDIAC,  see  Endocardiac. 

EXOCARDIAL,  see  Endocai-diac. 

EXOCARDITIiS,  Pericarditis, 


EX'OCHAS,  Ex'oche,  from  sfu,  'without,'  and 
£;\;fc),  '  I  have.'  A  soft  tumour  —  as  a  hemorrhoid 
— without  the  anus.     An  outward  pile. 

EXOCHE,  Eminence,  -Exoehas. 

EXOCHORION,  see  Chorion. 

EXOCOLITIS,  see  Colitis. 

EXOCULA'TIO,  from  ex,  'out  of,'  and  oculn.?, 
'  an  eye.'  AVant  of  eyes.  Want  of  vision.  Blind- 
ness. _ 

EXOCTS'TB, "£'.roc?/s'<?"s,  from  e^.  'out  of,'  and 
Kv<xTi;,  'the  bladder.'  A  prolapsus  of  the  bladder 
into  the  urethra.  Also  called  Frola2}'sxis  vesi'ccB, 
yEdop)to' sis  ve»i' ca,  (F.)  Ilenversement  de  la  vessie. 

Exocys'te  Noelia'na.  Protrusion  of  the  in- 
ner membrane  of  the  bladder.  So  called  from 
M.  Noel,  who  first  accurately  described  it. 

Exocys'te  Solingenia'na.  Protrusion  of  the 
neck  of  the  bladder.  Called  after  M."  Solingen, 
who  first  accurately  described  it. 

EXCEDESIS,  Swelling. 

EXODIC,  Efl^erent. 

EXOG"ENOUS,  from  e^,  'out  of,'  and  yevvau), 
'I  engender.'  A  term  first  applied  to  plants  — 
hence  called  Ex'ogens — in  which  the  wood  in- 
creases by  .an,nual  additions  to  the  outside. 

In  animal  anatomy,  processes  which  shoot  out 
from  everv  part  are  termed  exogenous. 

EXOGENS,  see  Exogenous. 

EXOGOGE,  Extraction. 

EXOGONYAN'COX,  from  tfo,,  'outwards,' 
yovv,  'the  knee,'  and  ayKoiv,  'an  elbow.'  Bowing 
of  the  knees  outwards. 

EXOIJSiE,  Exoene,  from  ex,  'out  of,'  and  ido- 
n^us,  'fit,'  or  rather  from  exonerare,  'to  exone- 
rate.' In  France,  a  certificate  of  excuse,  exemp- 
tion, or  dispensation,  given  to  those  summoned 
to  appear  before  a  court  of  justice,  and  who  are 
unable  to  do  so. 

EXOLCE,  Extraction. 

EXOLUTIOX,  Syncope. 

EXOMETRA,  Prolapsus  uteri. 

EXOMOIOSIS,  Assimilation. 

EXOMPHALOCELE,  Exomphalus. 

EXOM'PHALUS,  Exumbilica'tio,  Exom'pTia- 
loce'le,  Om'phaloce  le,  Hernia  uinbilica'lis,  Om- 
phalex'oche,  Omphalopropto'sis,  Prolap'sus  umhi- 
li'ci,  (F.)  Hernie  omhilieale,  H.  du  nomlril,  Um- 
hilical  hernia,  from  t^,  'out  of,'  and  on<jia\os,  'the 
navel.'  Hernia  occurring  at  the  navel.  This 
affection  happens  more  frequently  in  infants,  and 
takes  place  by  the  umbilical  ring.  In  adults,  it 
occurs  more  commonly  in  females  than  in  males; 
and,  when  it  does  so,  the  sac  passes  in  the  vici- 
nity of  the  umbilicus.  The  organs,  found  in  this 
kind  of  hernia,  are  particularly, — the  epiploon, 
the  jejunum,  the  arch  of  the  colon,  and  some- 
times the  stomach.  The  tumour  is,  in  general, 
round,  and  presents  all  the  characters  of  hernia. 
It  is,  commonly,  readily  reducible,  and  not  sub- 
ject to  strangulation.  It  must  be  reduced,  and 
retained  by  an  elastic  bandage,  made  in  the  form 
of  a  girdle,  and  furnished  with  a  pad  at  its  middle 
part.  When  strangulated,  the  stricture  may  ba 
divided  upwards  and  towards  the  left  side. 

EXONCO'MA,  Exonco'sis,  from  £|,  and  oyxos, 
'a  tumour.'  A  large,  prominent  tumour.  Used^ 
by  Galen,  for  protuberance  of  the  vertebr^  after 
luxation. 

EXONCOSIS,  Exoncoma  —  e.  Linguae,  Glo3- 
soncus. 

EXOXEIROGMUS,  Pollution,  nocturnal. 

EXONEIROSIS,  Pollution,  nocturnal. 

EXONEURISM,  Magnetism,  animal. 

EXOPHTHAL'MIA,  Ptosis  seu  Prolaji'sns  seu 
Proeiden'tia  Oc'tili  seu  Bulbi  Oculi,  Exorhitis'- 
mus,  Oplithalmoce'Ie,  Ophthahnopto'sis,  Oculi 
totius  j)rominen'tia,  from  tf.  'out  of,'  and  o-p^a)^- 
fios,  'eye.'     (F.)  Procklenee  de  Vail.     A  pr^^rn- 


EXOPHTHALMUS 


350 


EXPERIMENT 


Bion  of  the  eye  from  its  orbit,  occasioned  by  an 
abscess  or  tumour  in  the  areolar  texture  of  the 
orbit ;  by  exostosis  of  the  parietes  of  the  orbit, 
&G.  In  exophthalmia,  the  eye  is  pressed  for- 
wards ;  the  eyelids  are  raised  and  separated,  so 
that  they  can  no  longer  cover  the  eye  and  defend 
it  from  the  action  of  extraneous  bodies:  it  be- 
comes inflamed,  and  the  sight  is  disturbed  or  de- 
stroyed. The  treatment  of  course  depends  upon 
the  cause. 

^ExoPHxnAL'MiA  FuxGo'sA,  Sarcosis  bulbi — e. 
Sarcomatica.  Sarcosis  bulbi. 

EXOPHTHALMUS,  same  etymon.  One  whose 
eyes  are  very  prominent.  The  opposite  to  Coe- 
lophthalmus. 

EXORBITISMUS,  Exophthalmia. 

EXOPtMIA,  Papula — e.  Lichen,  Lichen — e. 
Prurig-o,  Pruri:ro — e.  Strophulus,  Strophulus. 

EXOP.TUS  UXGUIUM,  see  NaiL 

EXOSIS,  Luxation. 

EXO-SKELETOX,  see  Skeleton. 

EXOSMA,  from  tf,  'out  of,'  and  aOsui,  'to 
move.'     A  luxated  or  dislocated  limb  or  organ. 

EXOSMOSE,  Exonmo'sis,  Transuda'tion,  from 
£^,  '  out  of,'  and  tiicjioi,  '  impulse.'  The  opposite 
to  Endosmose.  The  act  by  which  substances 
transude  from  within  to  without  an  animal  or 
other  membrane. 

EXOSMOT'IC,  Exosmot'icus :  same  etymon. 
Belonging  to  Esosmose: — as  an  exosmotic  cur- 
rent. 

EXOSSATIO,  Exostosis. 

EXOSTEMMA  CAPvIB^A,  Cinehonae  cari- 
hseiB  cortex. 

EXOSTOMA,  Exostosis. 

EXOSTOSE,  Exostosis  —  e.  des  Dents,  Exos- 
tosis dentium — e.  Sons-tingeale,  see  Subunguial. 

EXOSTO'SIS,  Sjiiperoito'sis,  Emphy'ma,  Ex- 
osto'ais  os'sea,  Exosto' ma,  Eposto'ma,  Eposto'sis, 
Osteo'ma,  Osto'ma,  Osteoph' yta,  Exossa'tio,  Ossi's 
EmineH'tia,  (P.)  Exostose,  Osteophyte;  from  c^, 
'out  of,'  and  otjrcov,  'a  bone.'  An  osseous  tu- 
mour, which  forms  at  the  surface  of  bones,  or  in 
their  cavities.  Various  kinds  have  been  enume- 
rated. I' vary  Exosto' sis;  E.  ebiirnee;- — that 
which  has  the  appearance  and  consistence  of 
ivory.  Lnm'inar  Exosto' sis ;  E.  Laminee  ;  — 
that  which  is  formed  of  laminee  in  superposition 
or  of  distinct  filaments.  The  Sponfjy  Exosto'sis 
is  that  whose  structure  is  analogous  to  the  spongy 
tissue  of  bones.  Exostoses  are  sometimes  distin- 
guished into  the  true,  which  seem  to  be  a  projec- 
tion of  the  osseous  substance,  and  which  have  the 
Siime  organization  and  hardness  as  that  substance; 
and  the  false  or  osteo-sarcoma.  Exostosis  may 
depend  on  syphilis,  scrofula,  rickets,  gout,  &c. 
In  such  cases,  it  is  important  to  get  rid  of  the 
primary  disease. 

Those  exostoses,  which  occur  within  the  bones, 
have,  by  some,  been  called  Enostoses. 

Exostosis,  Spina  ventosa. 

Exostosis  Denticji,  (F.)  Exostose  des  Bents. 
Exostosis  of  the  teeth. 

Exostosis  Steatomatodes,  Osteosteatoma — e. 
Subunguial.  see  Subunguial. 

EXOTERIC,  see  Esoteric. 

EXOT'IC,  Exo'ticus,  from  tl'u),  'without.'  That 
which  comes  from  abroad.  Plants  or  drugs  which 
are  procured  from  abroad  are  so  called.  It  is 
opposed  ti  indigenous. 

EXOTICADE'XIA,  from  Exotic,  and  alcu,,  'I 
dislike.'     Aversion  for  exotic  drugs. 

EXOTICH^.MATOSIS,  Transfusion. 

EXOTICO:\LA.'XIA.  The  opposite  to  exotica- 
denia.     Fondness  for  exotic  remedies. 

EXOTICOSYM'PHYSIS,  from  t^mriKos,  'fo- 
fnign,'   and  ub^yva;,   'a  growing  together.'     A 


union  or  growing  together  of  foreign  bodies,  as 
of  a  foreign  body  with  the  human. 

EXPAXSIO,  Expansion  —  e.  Muscnlosa,  Pla- 
tysma  myoides. 

EXPAN'SIOX,  Exjian'sio,  from  expnndere, 
{ex  ami  pandere,  'to  open,')  'to  spread  out.'  A 
prolongation  or  spreading  out,  presented  by  cer- 
tain organs.  Thus,  we  say  an  aponeurotic  expaii- 
sion,  kc. 

EXPATRATIO,  Ejaculation  (of  Ff  erm.) 

EXPECTANT,  Expec'tans,  from  expcefare, 
(ex  and  spectare,  'to  look,')  'to  wait.'  That  which, 
waits  :  —  as  Expectant  3Iedicine,  —  La  Jledecine 
expeetante.     See  Expectation. 

EXPECTA'TION,  Expecta'tio;  same  etymon. 
The  word  expiectation  has  been  applied,  in  medi- 
cine, to  that  method,  which  consists  in  observing 
the  progress  of  diseases,  and  removing  deranging 
influences,  without  prescribing  active  medicines, 
unless  such  shall  be  imperiously  required.  It 
consists,  in  fact,  in  leaving  the  disease  almost 
wholly  to  the  efforts  of  nature,  and  has  been 
termed  the  o.rt  of  curiny  diseases  ly  expjectation 
or  v:aitincf — Ars  sana.n'di  cum  expectatio' ne. 

EXPEC'TORANT,  Expec'torative,  Expjec'to- 
rans,  Anacathar'ticus,  Ptys'magogue,  from  ex, 
'  out  of,'  and  pjectus,  '  the  breast.'  A  medicine 
capable  of  facilitating  or  provoking  exfjectoration. 
There  is  probably  no  such  thing  as  a  direct  ex- 
pectorant. They  all  act  through  the  system,  or 
by  impressions  made  on  parts  at  a  distance,  which, 
through  the  medium  of  general,  continuous,  or 
contiguous  sympathy,  excite  the  secretory  vessels 
of  the  air-passages  into  action.  The  following 
are  the  chief  reputed  expectorants: — Ammonia- 
cum  ;  Asafoetida;  Galbanum  :  Ipecacuanha;  My- 
roxylon ;  Myrrha;  Inhalations  of  Iodine,  Stra- 
monium, Tar,  Burning  Yv''ool,  Tobacco,  kc; 
Scilla  ;  Senega,  and  Tolutanum. 

EXPECTORATIO,  Expectoration  — e.  San- 
guinis, Haemoptysis  —  e.  Solida,  Cynanche  tra,- 
chealis. 

EXPECTORA'TIOX,  Expectora'tio,  EccTieV- 
ysis,  Bex  lui'mida,  Anapi'tysis,  Prop'tysis,  StetTio- 
catha.r'sis,  Anacathar'sis,  Anahex'is,  same  ety- 
mon. The  act  of  expelling  from  the  chest  mat- 
ters or  secretions  there  collected  or  existing.  It 
is,  likewise,  used  for  the  expectorated  matter. 

EXPECTORATION  BE  SANG,  Hemop- 
tysis. 

ExPECTOKATiON,  PRrNE-JUiCE,  See  Prxme- 
juice. 

EXPECTORATIVE,  Expectorant. 

EXPELLENS,  Expulsive. 

EXPE'RIEXCE,  Experien'tia,  Peira,  EwpeV- 
ra.  from  tf,  and  -tipa,  'a  trial.'  A  knowledge  of 
things  acquired  by  observation.  In  medicine, 
this  Icnowledge  can  be  obtained  both  by  the  prac- 
titioner's own  experience,  and  by  that  obtained 
from  tradition  and  from  books.  To  profit  by  ex- 
rience  requires  a  mind  capable  of  apjjreeiating 
the  proper  relations  between  cause  and  effect; 
and  hence  it  happens,  that  false  experience,  Ex- 
perien'tia fallax,  is  extremely  common  ;  and  that 
a  man  had  better,  in  many  instances,  trust  to 
that  which  he  has  learned  from  others,  than  to  his 
own  fallacious  observation. 

The  union  of  accurate  observation  by  the  phy- 
sician with  that  handed  down  by  medical  writers 
constitutes  perfect  experience,  so  far  as  it  is  at- 
tainable in  any  individual  ease. 

EXPEP FENCE,  Experiment. 

EXPERIMENT,  Experimeji'titm ;  same  ety- 
mon. (F.)  Experience.  A  trial,  made  on  the 
bodies  of  men  or  animals,  for  the  purpose  of  de- 
tecting the  effect  of  a  remedj',  or  of  becoming 
better  acquainted  with  their  structure,  functions, 
or  peculiarities.     In    a   more   general   sense,  it 


EXPERS 


351 


EXTENSOR 


means  any  trial  instituted  with  the  intent  of  he- 
eoming  better  acquainted  with  anj--  thing.  By 
experiments  on  living  animals,  Tve  have  obtained 
much  valuable  information  in  the  various  depart- 
ments of  medicine ;  hut  particularly  in  physi- 
ology and  toxicology. 

ExPERiMEST  OF  Mariotte,  see  Mariotte. 

EXPERS  NUPTIARUJVI,  Virgin. 

EXPERT,  (F.)  Exper'tits,  fi-om  ex,  andperifiis, 
'skilled.'  Skilful  or  of  good  experience.  A  phy- 
sician, charged  vrith  the  duty  of  making  a  report 
upon  any  case  of  legal  medicine. 

EXPIRA'TIOX,  Expira'tio,  Exsjnra'tin,  Ee'- 
pnoe,  Ecpneumato'sis,  Ecpneu'sis,  Apiopneu'ais, 
Apiop'noe,  Apopnce'a,  from  exspirare,  {ex,  and 
sjiirare,)  'to  breathe  out.'  The  act  of  expelling 
from  the  chest,  the  air  received  in  during  respi- 
ration. 

EX'PIRATOEY,  Expiratio'ni  inf^er' viens. 
Relating  or  appertaining  to  expiration.  The 
expiratory  muscles  are  all  those  which  contribute 
to  diminish  the  cavity  of  the  chest,  for  the  pur- 
pose of  expelling  the  air  contained  in  the  lungs, 
or  of  producing  expiration.  These  muscles  are, 
chiefly,  the  intercostals,  triangularis  sterni,  qua- 
dratus  luniborum,  serratus  posticus  inferior,  the 
oblique  and  recti  muscles  of  the  abdomen,  the 
sacro-lumbalis.  <tc. 

EXPLORATIO,  Exploration  — e.  Abdominis, 
Abdominoscopia. 

EXPLORA'TIOX,  Explora'tio,  Eecogmfio, 
from  explorare,  '  to  search  into.'  The  act  of  ob- 
serving and  attentively  examining  or  investiga- 
ting every  thing  connected  with  a  case  of  disease. 
The  word  is  chiefly  used  ia  this  sense  by  the 
French  practitioners. 

EXPLORA'TOR,  CHEST.  An  instrument, 
proposed  by  Dr.  B.  Babington  for  expiloring  the 
chest  in  cases  of  empyema.  It  consists  of  a 
needle,  contained  in  the  smallest  sized  canula. 
This  is  passed  between  the  ribs  into  the  chest. 
The  needle  is  then  withdrawn,  and  the  escape  of 
fluid  indicates  the  nature  of  the  case. 

EXPLORATORIUM,  Sound,  Speeillum. 

EXPRES'SIOX,  Expres'sio,  Ecpies'mos,  Ec- 
tMlp'sis,  from  ex,  '  out  of,'  and  premere,  '  to  press.' 
The  act  of  compressing  a  substance,  for  the  pur- 
pose of  separating  from  it  the  fluids  which  it  con- 
tains. Also,  the  manner  in  which  impressions 
made  upon  us  are  depicted  j  especially  in  the 
traits  of  the  countenance. 

Expression^  of  Sweat,  (F.)  Sueur  d'expres- 
gion,  is  a  term  given  to  the  passive  perspiration 
observable  in  very  debilitated  individuals. 

EXPULSIO,  Excretion — e.Fajcum,  Defecation 
— e.  Fcetiis,  Parturition. 

EXPULSION,  SPONTANEOUS,  Evolution, 
gpontaneous. 

EXPUL'SWB,  Expel'Iens,  Expttlso'riits,  from 
expeUere,  {ex,  &^A.  ptellere,)  'to  drive  away.' 

An  expuhive  bandage,  (F.)  Bandafje  expulsif, 
is  one  constructed  with  the  view  of  compressing 
a  part,  from  which  we  are  desirous  of  expelling 
pus,  serum,  &e.  Certain  medicines  were  formerly 
called  expulsives,  which  were  believed  to  have 
the  power  of  driving  the  humours  towards  the 
skin  : — as  diaphoretics,  and  sudorifics. 

EXPULTRIX.  see  Vis  Expultrix. 

EXSANGUINITY,'An£emia. 

EXSANGUIS,  Exanguious.  Exsctnr/uis  is 
used  by  Ausonius  for  one  exhausted  by  venery; — 
as  sanguis  meant  sperm  as  well  as  blood.  See 
Sperm. 

EXSARCOMA.  Sarcoma. 

EXSCREATIO,  Excreation. 

EXSECTIO  VIRILIUM,  Castration. 

EXSECTUS,  Castratus,  Eunuch. 

EXSTCCATIO,  Drying. 

EXoICCATIVA,  Desiccativa. 


EXSOLUTIO,  Eclysis. 

EXSPIRATIO,  Expiration. 

EXSPUIT"ION,  Exs^puit" io,  Spuifio,  Spti. 
ta'tio,  Anachrempj' sis,  Apochrenip'sis,  Chremp'siif, 
Pti/sis,  Anacine'ma,  Anacine'sis,  (F.)  Spiitafion, 
from  ex,  'out  of,'  and  spuo,  'I  spit.'  Rejection 
of  the  matters  accumulated  ia  the  pharynx  and 
larynx;   spitting. 

EXSTASIS,  Ecstasis. 

EXSTIRPATIO,  Extirpation. 

EXSTROPH'IA,  E'x'stropJnj,  Ec'stroplie,  from 
tf,  'out  of,'  and  crpoipn,  'turning.'  Extrover'sio, 
Extrover'sion.  Eversion  or  turning  out  of  apart 
— as  of  the  eyelids.  A  term  used  by  M.  Chaus- 
sier  for  certain  displacements  of' organs,  and 
especially  of  the  urinary  bladder. 

Exsteoph'ia  or  Ex'sTRornY  of  the  Bladder, 
(F.)  lienversement  de  la  Vessie,  is  a  faulty  eon- 
formation,  in  which  the  organ  opens  above  the 
pubes ;  so  that  in  the  hypogastric  region  there  is 
a  red,  mucous  surface,  formed  by  the  inner  coat 
of  the  bladder;  on  which  two  prominences  are 
distinguishable,  corresponding  to  the  openings 
of  the  ureters. 

EXSUCCATIO,  Ecehymoma. 

EXSUC'TIO,  Suc'tio,  Ecmyze' sis,  from  ex,  'out 
of,'  and  s-nceus,  'a  juice.'     The  action  of  sucking. 

EXSITDATIO,  Ephidrosis. 

EXSUFFLATIO.  Ecphysesis. 

EXTEMPORA'NEOUS,  Exiempora'neus,  Ex- 
tempora'lis,  from  ex,  and  tempore,  '  out  of  time.' 
Those  prescriptions  are  called  'extemporaneous,' 
or .' magistral,'  which  are  made  on  tlie  spot,  and 
composed  according  to  the  prescription  of  the 
physician. 

EXTENSEUR  GOMMVN  BES  DOIGTS, 
Extensor  digitorum  communis  —  e.  Commini  des 
orteiJs,  Extensor  communis  digitorum  pedis  —  e. 
Court  du  Police,  Extensor  pollicis  brevis — e.  Long 
du  police.  Extensor  longus  pollicis  —  e.  Petit  dea 
orteils,  Extensor  brevis  digitorum  pedis  ■ —  e. 
Propre  du  petit  doigt,  Extensor  proprius  minimi 
digiti  —  e.  Propre  de  I' Index,  Extensor  preprius 
indicis. 

EXTENSIBIL'ITT,  Extensihil'itas.  A  pro- 
perty, possessed  by  certain  bodies,  of  being  capable 
of  extension  or  elongation. 

EXTENSIO,  Extension,  Tetanus. 

EXTEN'SION,  Exten'sio,  Tasis,  Ec'tasis,  Ca~ 
tat'a-iis,  Anat'asis,  from  extendere,  {ex,  and  ten- 
dere,)  'to  stretch  out.'  An  operation  in  surgery, 
in  which  either  with  the  hands  alone,  or  by  straps, 
a  fractured  ox  luxated  limb  is  pulled  strongly, 
to  restore  it  to  its  natural  position.  It  is  the  op- 
posite of  Counter-extension. 

EXTENSOR.  Same  etymon.  (F.)  Extenscnr. 
A  muscle,  whose  oiBce  is  to  extend  certain  parts. 

Extensor  Brevis  Digito'rum  Pedis, Perf' (>?(.«, 
Calcaneo-pfialanginien  commiin,  of  Dujias;  (F.) 
Ifnscle  pedieux.  Muscle  petit  extenseur  des  orteils, 
Calcaneo-sus-phalangeitien  comiiiun — (Ch.)  Carre 
dupied;  Short  Extensor  of  the  Toes.  A  muscle, 
situate  on  the  dorsal  region  of  the  foot.  It  arises 
from  the  external  surface  of  the  caleaneum,  and 
at  the  anterior  edge  of  a  ligament,  which  unites 
that  bone  to  the  astragalus.  Anteriorly,  each  of 
its  divisions  terminates  by  a  small  tendon,  which 
is  fixe'd  successively,  at  the  superior  part  of  the 
posterior  extremity  of  the  first  phalanx  of  the 
gi'eat  toe,  and  to  the  second  and  last  phalanges 
of  the  next  three  toes.  Its  use  is  to  extend  the 
first  four  toes,  and  to  direct  tbem  a  little  outwards. 

Extensor  Carpi  Radialis  Brevis,  see  Radj. 
.alls  — e.  Carpi  radialis  longus,  see  E,a(lialis  —  e. 
Carpi \ilnaris,  see  Cubital  muscles. 

Extensor  Commu'nis  Digitc'rum  Pedis,  E. 
Longus  Digitorum  Pedis,  E.  Digitorinn  lovpuD, 
Peroneo-fihi-sns-pholangeftien  commnv,  C'lcmoduc- 
tylcB' us,  Peronto-sus-jykalangeitien  coirvtun,   (F.) 


EXTEKSOR 


352 


EXTBA 


Exteneenr  commun  des  Orteils.  This  musclej  also, 
is  situate  at  the  anterior  part  of  the  leg.  It  is 
long,  thin,  flattened^  simple,  and  fleshy  above, 
and  divided  into  four  tendons  below.  It  arises 
from  the  outer  tuberositj'  of  the  tibia  and  the  an- 
terior surface  of  the  fibula,  and  is  inserted  into 
the  superior  part  of  the  posterior  extremity  of 
the  second  and  third  phalanges  of  the  last  four 
toes.  It  extends  the  three  phalanges  of  these 
toes. 

Extensor  Digito'eum  Cojriiu'Nis,  Extensor 
digitoruni  communis  manus  ctim  extenso're  'pro'- 
prio  aiiricida'ris,  Digho'nan  Tensor ;  (F.)  Epi- 
condylo-sus-phalangettien  commun — (Ch.,) — Com- 
mon  Extensor  of  the  Fingers,  Extenseur  commun 
des  Eoigts.  A  long,  flattened  muscle;  simple 
above,  and  divided  into  four  portions  inferiorly. 
It  is  situate  at  the  posterior  part  of  the  forearm  ; 
arises  from  the  external  tuberosity  of  the  hume- 
rus ;  from  the  aponeurosis  of  the  forearm,  and 
from  the  aponeurotic  septa  situate  between  it  and 
the  neighbouring  muscles,  and  is  inserted  at  the 
posterior  surface  of  the  second  and  third  pha- 
langes of  the  last  four  fingers.  This  muscle  ex- 
tends the  phalanges  of  the  last  four  fingers  upon 
each  other,  and  upon  the  metacarpal  bone.  It 
can,  also,  extend  the  hand  on  the  forearm. 

ExTENSOK  DiGiTORUM  LoNGTTS,  E.  communis 
digitorum  pedis  —  e.  Longus  digitorum  pedis,  E. 
communis  digitorum  pedis — e.  Proprius  hallucis, 
E.  proprius  pollicis  pedis — e.  Indicis,  E.  proprius 
indicis — e.  luternodii  ossis  pollicis,  E.  longus  pol- 
licis —  e.  Primi  internodii,  Abductor  longus  pol- 
licis. 

Extensor  Pol'licis  Bretis,  Exten'sor  minor 
pol'licis  man  us,  E.  primi  interna' dii,  E.  pol'licis 
pjrimns,  E.  Seeun'di  interno'dii,  (Douglas,)  E. 
iecun' di  interna' dii  ossis  pol'licis;  (F.)  Cubito-aus- 
phalangien  du  jjoiice, — (Ch.,)  Court  extenseur  du 
jiouce.  Seated  at  the  posterior  and  inferior  part 
of  the  forearm.  It  is  thin,  long,  and  broader  at 
its  middle  than  at  the  extremities.  It  arises  from 
the  posterior  surface  of  the  ulna  and  the  inter- 
osseous ligament,  and  is  inserted  behind  the  su- 
perior extremity  of  the  first  phalanx  of  the 
thumb.  It  extends  the  thumb,  and  aids  in  supi- 
nation. 

Extensor  Pol'licis  Longus  ;  Extensor  major 
pol'licis  mantis,  Extensor  seeun'di  interno'dii. 
Extensor  p)ollicis  secun'dus,  Extensor  ter'tii  inter- 
no'dii (Douglas,)  Extensor  interno'dii  ossis  pol'- 
licis, (F.)  Cubito-sus-phalangettein  du  pouce, — 
(Ch.,)  Muscle  long  extenseur  du  pouce.  This 
muscle  is  long,  flat,  and  fusiform ;  and  is  seated 
at  the  posterior  part  of  the  forearm.  It  arises 
from  the  posterior  surface  of  the  ulna  and  the  in- 
terosseous ligament,  and  is  inserted  at  the  pos- 
terior i^art  of  the  superior  extremity  of  the  first 
phalanx  of  the  thumb.  It  extends  the  last  pha- 
lanx of  the  thumb  upon  the  first. 

Extensor  Pro'prius  Is'-DiciSfE. proprius  pri- 
mi dig" Iti  maniis,  E.  Tn'dicis,  Indica'tor,  Exten- 
sor seeun'di  interno'dii  in'dicis  pro'pirius,  (F. )  Cu- 
bito-siu'-2''^alangettieyi  de  I'Index, — (Ch.,)  Exten- 
seur propre  de  I'Index.  This  muscle  is  long  and 
thin  ;  broader  in  the  middle  than  at  the  extremi- 
lies;  and  is  situate  at  the  posterior  part  of  the 
forearm.  It  arises  from  the  posterior  surface  of 
the  ulna,  and  is  inserted  at  the  posterior  part  of 
the  upper  extremitj'  of  the  second  and  third  pha- 
langes of  the  index-finger.  It  extends  the  throe 
p-bala.nges  of  the  index-finger;  and  has,  besides, 
tile  same  uses  as  the  other  extremities  of  the 
lingers. 

,  Extensor  Pro'prius  Min'imi  DiG"iTr,  (F.) 
Epicond,gJo~su8-pJialangettien  dn  petit  doigt, — 
\0h.,^  Extenseur  proprc  du  petit  doigt.  Situate  on 


the  inside  of  the  Extensor  communis  digiio'rum. 
It  arises  from  the  external  condyle  of  the  os 
humeri  and  the  aponeurotic  septa  seated  between 
it,  the  extensor  communis  digitorum,  and  the 
extensor  carpi  ulnaris  ;  and  is  inserted  into  the 
last  two  phalanges  of  the  little  finger.  Its  use  is 
to  extend  the  little  finger,  and  even  the  band 
upon  the  forearm. 

Extensor  Pro'prius  Pol'licis  Pedis,  E.pro- 
pirius  Ilal'lucis,  E.  Longus  (DouGLAs),  E. pollicis 
longus, Peroneo-sus-pjJialangien  dujjovce,  Peroneo- 
8us-p)}ialangettien  du  p)ouce, — (Ch.)  This  muscle 
is  situate  at  the  anterior  part  of  the  leg.  It  is 
fleshy,  broad,  flat  above;  small  and  tendinous 
below.  It  arises  from  the  anterior  part  of  the 
middle  third  of  the  fibula,  and  is  inserted  into  the 
posterior  part  of  the  superior  extremity  of  the 
last  phalanx  of  the  great  toe.  It  extends  the 
last  phalanx  of  the  great  toe  upon  the  first,  and 
the  first  upon  the  first  metacarpal  bone. 

Extensor  Primi  Internodii,  E.  pollicis  brevis 
—  e.  Secundi  internodii,  E.  pollicis  brevis.  Ex- 
tensor longus  pollicis  —  e.  Secundi  internodii  in- 
dicis proprius,  E.  proprius  indicis — e.  Tertii  inter- 
nodii, E.  longus  pollicis  —  e.  Tertii  internodii 
indicis,  Prior  annularis  —  e.  Tertii  internodii  mi- 
nimi digiti.  Abductor  minimi  digiti  —  e.  Ossis 
metacarpi  pollicis  manfis,  Abductor  longus  pol- 
licis-— e.  Pollicis  longus,  E.  proprius  pollicis  pedis 
— e.  Pollicis  secundus,  E.  longus  pollicis — e.  Mi- 
nor pollicis  maniis,  E.  pollicis  brevis — e.  Primus 
pollicis.  Abductor  longus  pollicis. 

Extensor  Tarsi  Magnus,  E.  Tarsi  sura'lis. 
A  name  given,  by  some  anatomists,  to  the  gas- 
trocnemius and  soleus  combined. 

Extensor  Tarsi  Minor,  Plantar  muscle. 

EXTEXUATIO,  Emaciation. 

EXTERGENTIA,  Detergents. 

EXTER'XAL  DISEASES,  Extrin'sic  Dis- 
eases, Ilorbi  extrin'seci,  Surgical  diseases,  (F.) 
Jfaladies  externes.  Those  diseases  which  occupy 
the  surface  of  the  body,  and  form  the  object  of 
surgical  pathology,  requiring,  generally,  external 
means,  or  surgical  operations. 

EXTERNAT.  The  post  or  office  of  an  externe. 

EXTERNE,  see  House-surgeon. 

EXTERXU3  AUP-IS,  Laxator  tympani  — e. 
Mallei,  Laxator  tympani. 

EXTESTICULATUS,  Castratus,  Eunuch. 

EXTIXCTIO,  Death  — e.  Hydrargyri,  Ex- 
tinction of  Mercury  —  e.  Mercurii,  Extinction  of 
Mercury. 

ExTiNCTio  Vocis,  (F.)  Extinction  de  voix.  The 
French  use  this  term  for  eases  in  which  the  voice 
is  not  wholly  suppressed,  but  produces  only  fee- 
ble sounds  : — Incomplete  aphonia. 

EXTIXC'TIOX  OF  MER'CURT,  Extinc'tio 
3Iercu'rii  vel  Hi/drar'gyri.  Trituration  of  mer- 
cury with  lard  or  other  substance,  until  the  me- 
tallic globules  disappear.  The  mercury  is  then 
so  divided,  that  it  forms  a  black  powder,  gene- 
rally considered  to  be  a  protoxide  of  mercury, 
but,  perhaps,  erroneously. 

EXTIRPATIO,  Extirpation— e.  Linguse,  Glos- 
sosteresis  —  e.  Testiculorum,  Castratio. 

EXTIRPA'TIOX,  Extirjya'tio,  Exsfirpa'iio, 
Abla'tio,  Aphce'resis,  from  extirpare,  (ex,  and 
stirps,)  'to  root  out.'  The  complete  removal  or 
destruction  of  any  part,  either  by  cutting  instru- 
ments or  the  action  of  caustics.  Thus,  we  speak 
of  the  extirpation  of  cancer,  polypus,  encysted 
tumour,  <fec. 

EXTOMIUS,  Eunuch. 

EXTOZOA,  Ertozoa. 

EXTOZOAIRES.  Ectozoa. 

EXTOZOARIA,  Ectozoa. 

EXTRA  -  PEL  no  -  P  UBI-  TROCHANTJ^- 
PilEX,  Obturator  cxternus. 


EXTRACT 


353 


EXTRACTUM 


EXTRACT,  Extractum  —  e.  of  Aconite,  Ex- 
tractum  aconiti — e.  of  Aconite,  alcoholic,  Extrac- 
tum aconiti  alcoholicum  —  e.  Alcoholic,  see  Ex- 
tractum —  e.  of  Aloes,  purified,  Extractum  aloes 
purificatum — e.  of  Bark,  Extractum  cinchonae — 
e.  of  Bark,  resinoas,  Extractum  cinehonse  resino- 
sum — e.  of  Belladonna,  Extractum  belladonnce — 
e.  of  Belladonna,  alcoholic,  Extractum  belladon- 
nse  alcoholicum  —  e.  of  Bittersweet,  Extractum 
uulcamarse  —  e.  of  Broom-tops,  Extractum  cacu- 
minum  genistse  —  e.  of  Butternut,  Extractum  ju- 
glandis  —  e.  of  Cascarilla,  resinous,  Extractum 
cascarillse  resinosum  —  e.  of  Chamomile,  E.  an- 
themidis — e.  of  Cinchona,  Extractum  cinchouEe — 
— ^e.  of  Colchicum,  acetic,  Extractum  colchici  aceti- 
cum  —  e.  of  Colocynth,  Extractum  colocynthidis 
e.  of  Colocynth,  compound,  Extractum  colocyn- 
thidis oompositum  —  e.  of  Cubebs,  fluid,  Extrac- 
tum cubebae  fluidum — e.  of  Dandelion,  Extractum 
taraxaci — e.  of  Elaterium,  Extractum  elaterii — e. 
of  Ergot,  Ergotin — e.  Ethereal,  see  Extractum — 
e.  of  Gentian,  Extractum  gentianaj  —  e.  of  Hem- 
lock, Extractum  cicutse  —  e.  of  Hellebore,  black, 
Exti'actum  hellebori  —  e.  of  Hemlock,  alcoholic, 
Extractum  eonii  alcoholicum  —  e.  of  Henbane, 
Extractum  hyoscyami — e.  of  Henbane,  alcoholic, 
Extractum  hj'oscj-ami  alcoholicum  —  e.  of  Hops, 
Extractum  humuli — e.  of  Jalap,  Extractum  jala- 
pse  —  e.  of  Lettuce,  Extractum  lactucae  —  e.  of 
Liquorice,  Extractum  glycyrrhizaj  —  e.  of  Log- 
wood, Extractum  hfematoxyli  —  e.  of  Mayapple, 
Extractum  podophylli — e.  of  Meat,  saponaceous, 
Osmazome  —  e.  of  Oak-bark,  Extractum  corticis 
quercus — e.  of  white  Poppy,  Extractum  papave- 
ris  —  e.  of  Quassia,  Extractum  quassise  —  e.  of 
Quinia,  Extractum  quiniee  —  e.  of  Rhatany,  Ex- 
tractum kramerise  —  e.  of  Rhubarb,  Extractum 
rhei  —  e.  of  Rhubarb,  fluid,  Extractum  rhei  flui- 
dum —  e.  of  Rue,  Extractum  rutse  —  e.  of  Sarsa- 
parilla,  Extractum  sarsaparillaa — e.  of  Sarsaparil- 
la,  fluid,  Extractum  sarsaparillEe  fluidum  —  e.  of 
Savine,  Extractum  foliorum  sabinse — e.  of  Senna, 
fluid,  Extractum  sennse   fluidum  —  e.  of  Spige- 
lia  and  Senna,  Extractum  spigelise  et  sennaj — e. 
of  Stramonium,  Extractum  stramonii  —  e.  of  Va- 
lerian, Extractum  Valerianae  —  e.  of  Wormwood, 
Extractum  cacuminiim  absinthii. 
EXTEAGTIF,  Extractive. 
EXTRACTION,    Extrac'tlo,    Exce'renis,    Ex- 
tiijo'ge,    Exolce,    Exelcys'mua,    Enchylo'sis,    from 
extraJiere,  {ex,  and  trahere,)  'to  draw  out.'     The 
act  of  removing  an  extraneous  substance  from 
any  part  of  the  body.     Thus,  a  splinter  is  said  to 
be  extracted.     It  is,  also,  applied  to  the  removal 
of  certain  parts.     The  cataract  is  said  to  be  ex- 
tracted :  a  tooth  is  extracted,  when  carious,  &c. 

EXTRACTIVE,  (F.)  Extractif.  Same  ety- 
mon. A  peculiar,  immediate  principle,  which 
has  been  admitted  in  extracts.  Thus,  hitter 
extractive  is  the  immediate  principle  of  bitter 
vegetables,  &c. 

EXTRACTUM,  Extract,  Ecchylo'ma,  (  F.  ) 
Extrait.  An  extract  is  prepared  by  evaporating 
vegetable  solutions,  till  a  tenacious  mass  is  ob- 
taiiied.  AVhen  prepared  from  an  infusion  or  de- 
coction, it  is  called  &  watery,  —  from  ether,  an 
ethereal, — and  from  alcohol,  an  alcohol'ic  or  a  spi- 
rituous extract.  Both  kinds  contain  all  the  prin- 
ciples of  the  vegetable,  that  are  soluble  in  the 
menstrua  with  which  they  are  prepared ;  but  the 
volatile  parts  are  dissipated,  and  some  of  the 
fixed  parts  are  decomposed;  the  proper  extrac- 
tive is  oxygenized,  and  the  virtues  of  the  vege- 
table substance  consequently  altered  or  destroyed. 
Extracts  are  hard,  soft,  or  fluid :  the  consistence 
of  the  soft  being  such  as  to  retain  the  pilular 
form  without  the  addition  of  a  powder.  A  patent 
was  taken  out  many  years  ago,  by  a  Mr.  Barry, 
23 


of  London,  for  preparing  them  in  vacuo ;  and,  aa 
the  temperature  is  much  lower  than  in  the  ordi- 
nary method,  the  virtues  of  the  plant  are  less 
altered,  and  the  extracts  are  generally  green.. 
Extracts  are  also  prepared  by  displacement  or 
percolation.  They  have,  likewise,  received  dif- 
ferent names,  according  to  their  predominant 
principle.  The  gummy  or  mucovs,  m  wucilaginows, 
are  those  which  are  mainly  composed  of  gum  or 
mucilage.  Gum  tragacanth  may  be  considered  a 
pure  gummy  extract.  Gelatinous  extracts  are 
those  composed  especially  of  gelatin ;  resinous 
extracts,  those  of  a  resinous  character ;  extracto- 
resinous,  those  composed  of  extractive  or  colour- 
ing matter  and  resin ;  gum-resinous,  those  con- 
taining gum  and  resin ;  and  sapoiia'ceous  or 
sapona'ceous  saline,  those  containing  a  notable 
quantity  of  saline  substances  and  a  resinous  mat- 
ter, so  combined  with  mucus  and  other  soluble 
substances,  that  they  cannot  be  separated. 

Extractum  Absin'thii  Cacu-'minum,  Extract 
of  Wormioood.  (A  decoction  defecated  and  eva- 
piorated.)  The  flavour  is  dissipated  along  with 
the  essential  oil.  It  is  a  bitter  tonic.  Dose,  gr. 
X  to  9j,  in  pill. 

Extractum  Aconi'ti,  Extract  of  Aconite,  Sitc- 
cus  spissa'tus  aconiti  napelli,  (from  the  insjyissated 
juice  witho%it  defecation.)  It  is  esteemed  to  be 
narcotic  and  diuretic ;  and  has  been  given  in  the 
cases  referred  to  under  Aconitum.  Dose,  gr.  j, 
gradually  increasing  it. 

Extractum  Aconi'ti  Alcohol'icum,  Alcoholic 
Extract  of  Aconite.  {Aconit.  in  pulv.  crass.  Ibj  ; 
Alcohol,  dilut.  Oiv.  Moisten  the  aconite  with 
half  a  pint  of  diluted  alcohol :  let  it  stand  for  2i 
hours :  transfer  it  to  a  displacement  apparatus, 
and  gradually  add  the  remainder  of  the  diluted 
alcohol.  When  the  last  portion  of  this  has  pene- 
trated the  aconite,  pour  in  from  time  to  time 
water  suflBcient  to  keep  the  powder  covered. 
Stop  the  filtration  when  the  liquid  which  passes 
begins  to  produce  a  precipitate,  as  it  falls,  in 
that  which  has  already  passed.  Distil  off  the 
alcohol,  and  evaporate  to  a  proper  consistence. — 
Ph.  U.  S.)  ..  , 

Extractum  Al'oes  PuRiriCA'TUM,  Pw'rifled 
extract  of  aloes.  ( The  gummy  part  extracted  ly 
boiling  water,  defecated  and  inspjissated.)  Dose, 
gr.  V  to  gr.  XV. 

Extractum  Anthem'idis,  E.  anthemidis  no'- 
bilis,  E.  chammme'li,  E.  florum  chamccme'li,  Ex- 
tract of  Cham'omile.  The  volatile  oil  is  dissipated 
in  this  preparation.  It  is  a  pure,  grateful  bitter, 
and  is  tonic  and  stomachic.  Dose,  gr.  x  to  gr. 
XX,  in  pills. 

Extractum  Asparagi,  see  Asparagus. 
Extractum  Belladon'NjE,  Succus  spissa'tus 
at'ropcB  helladon'ncB,  Extract  of  Belladon'na,  {an 
expressed  juice  inspissated.)  Properties  same 
as  those  of  the  plant.  Dose,  gr.  i,  gradually 
increased.  It  dilates  the  pupil  when  applied  to 
the  eye. 

Extractum  BELLADONXiE  Alcohoi,'icum,  Al- 
cohol'ic extract  of  Belladonna.  (Prepared  like 
the  extractum  aconiti  alcoholicum. — Ph.  U.  S.) 
Extractum  Cannabis,  see  Bangue. 
Extractum  Cascaril'lje  Resino'sum,  Bes'- 
inous  extract  of  cascaril'la.  (Cort.  cascarillo>,  in 
pulv.  crass.  Ibj  ;  Sp.  vini  red.  Ibiv.  Digest  for 
four  days ;  then  decant  and  strain ;  boil  the  resi  ■ 
duum  in  ten  pints  of  water  to  two ;  'filter  and 
evaporate  the  decoction,  and  distil  the  tincture 
in  a  retort,  till  both  are  thickened  ,•  then  mix  and 
evaporate  to  a  pilular  consistence.)  Dose,  gr.  x 
to  gr.  XX,  in  pills. 

Extractum  Catharticum,  E.  Colocynthidis 
oompositum  —  e.  Catechu,  Catechu  —  e.  ChaTnip- 
meli,  E.  Anthemidis — e.  Cicutae,  E   Conii. 


EXTRACTUM 


354 


EXTRACTUM 


ExTEACTTJM  Cathol'icum,  (F.)  Extrait  Catho- 
liqne.  This  epithet  is  givea  to  pills  composed  of 
aloes,  black  hellebore,  and  colocynth,  resin  of 
jalap,  and  scammony.  See,  also,  Extractum  co- 
locynthidis  compositum. 

Extractum  Cincho'n^,  Extract  of  Cincho'na, 
E.  Cor'ticia  Peruvia'ni,  E.  G'incho'ncB  Molle,  E. 
of  Bark.  [A  decoction  evaporated.)  The  active 
principles  are  similar  to  those  of  the  bark  in 
sujpstance ;  but  it  is  not  so  effectual — owing  to 
the  chymical  change  induced  in  the  drug  during 
the  boiling.  When  reduced,  by  drying,  to  a  state 
fit  for  being  powdered,  it  is  called  the  Hard  Ex- 
tract of  Bai  rc,  Extrac'tum  Cor'ticia  Peruvia'ni 
durum,  E.  Cineho'ncB  durum.  Dose,  gr.  x  to  ^ss- 
Extractum  Cinchona  Resino'sum,  E.  Uin- 
cTionm  lancifo'licB,  E.  Cinchonas  Ruhra  resino'- 
tum,  Hes'inous  Extract  of  Bark,  E.  Cincho'na 
Besi'ncB.  The  aqueo-spirituous  extract  contains 
both  the  extractive  and  resin  of  the  bark.  Dose, 
gr.  X  to  XXX. 

Extractum  CinchoneB  of  the  Pharmacopoeia  of 
the  United  States,  (1842,)  is  directed  to  be  pre- 
pared as  follows  :  —  Peruvian  Bark,  in  coarse 
powder,  H) j ;  Alcohol,  Oiv;  Water,  a  sufBcient 
quantity.  Slacerate  the  Peruvian  bark  with  the 
alcohol  for  four  days ;  then  filter  by  a  displace- 
ment apparatus,  and  when  the  liquid  ceases  to 
pass,  pour  gradually  on  the  bark  water  sufBcient 
to  keep  its  surface  covered.  When  the  filtered 
tincture  measures  four  pints,  set  it  aside,  and 
proceed  with  the  filtration  until  six  pints  of  infu- 
sion are  obtained.  Distil  off  the  alcohol  from  the 
tincture  and  evaporate  the  infusion  till  the  liquids 
are  respectively  brought  to  the  consistence  of  thin 
honey ;  then  mix  and  evaporate  to  form  an  ex- 
tract.—Ph.  U.  S. 

Extrac'tum  Col'chici  Ace'tictjm,  Aee'tous  or 
Ace' tic  Extract  of  Colchicum.  [Colchic.  rad.  in 
pulv.  crass,  ibj.  Acid.  acet.  t^iv.  Aqua  q.  s.  To 
the  acid  add  a  pint  of  water,  and  mix  this  with 
the  root.  Put  the  mixture  in  a  percolator,  and 
pour  on  water  until  the  liquid  that  passes  has 
little  or  no  taste.  Evaporate  to  a  proper  consist- 
ence.    Ph.  U.  S.)     Dose,  gr.  j  to  gr.  iij. 

Extractum  Coloctn'thidis,  Extract  of  Col'o- 
cynth.  A  cathartic,  in  the  dose  of  from  gr.  v 
to  ^ss. 

Extractum  CoLOCYN'THrDis  Compos'itum,  Ex- 
1 1  actum  Cathar' ticuni,  E.  Cathol'icum,  E.  Quer- 
eeta'ni.  Compound  Extract  of  Colocynth.  (Colo- 
cynth. pulp,  concis.  ^vj,  Aloe8  pulv.  5xij,  Scam- 
mon.  pulv.  3i^>  Cardamom,  pulv.  %],  Saponis 
^iij,  Alcohol,  dilut.  eong.  Macerate  the  pulp  in 
the  spirit  at  a  gentle  heat  for  four  days  ;  strain  : 
add  the  aloes  and  scammony ;  then  distil  off  the 
spirit  and  mix  in  the  cardamom  seeds.  Ph.  U. 
S.)  It  is  a  powerful  catiiartic,  and  is  used  in 
obstinate  visceral  obstructions,  <fcc.  Dose,  gr.  vj 
io  .^ss. 

Extractum  Coni'i,  E.  Cicu'ta,  Snccua  cicuta 
hpissa'tus,  Extract  of  Hemlock,  Succus  spissatus 
conii  macula'ti,  (Exjircssed  juice  inspissated 
without  defecation.)  Employed  in  the  same 
cases  as  the  conium.     Dose,  gr.  iij  to  ^j- 

Extractum  Coxii  Ai.coHOL'rorM,  Alcoholic 
Extract  of  Hemlock.  (Prepared  like  the  Ex- 
tractum aconiti  alcoholicum. — Ph.  U.  S.) 

Extractum  Convolvuli  Jalaps,  E.  jalapse — 
e.  Corticis  Peruvian!,  E.  Cinchonse. 

Extract'um  Cubeb'jE  Flu'idum,  Fluid  Ex- 
tract of  Cuhihs.  (Cubebs  exhausted  by  ether 
through  percolation,  and  the  solution  evaporated. 
Ph.  U.  S.) 

Extractum  Dulcama'r^e,  Extract  of  Bitter- 
tweet.  (Prepared  by  displacement  from  bitter- 
sweet in  coarse  powder. — Ph.  U.  S.) 

Extractum  Elate'rii,  Elate'rium  Extract  of 


Elaterium.  (The  fecula  of  the  expressed  Juice.} 
It  is  violently  cathartic,  hydragogue,  and  some- 
times emetic.  Dose,  gr.  ss.  every  hour  tUl  it 
operates. 

Extractum  Ergot^e,  Ergotin. 
Extractum  Genis't^  CAcu'MijfUM,  Extract  of 
Broom    Tops.     Diuretic   and   stomachic.      Dose, 
gss  to  3j. 

Extractum  Gestia'n^,  Ext.  Gentia'na  lu'tea, 
Ext,  Badi'cis  Gentia'ncB,  Extract  of  Gen'tiun. 
(The  evaporated  decoction.)  Prepared  also  by 
displacement.  —  Ph.  U.  S.)  Properties  like  those 
of  Gentian.     Dose,  gr.  x  to  gss. 

Extractum  Glycyrrhi'zjE  ;  Extract  of  Li- 
quorice, Succ%i8  Glyeyrrhi'zcB  inspissa'tus,  Succtcs 
Liquirit"i(B.  {The  evaporated  decoction.)  It  is 
demulcent,  taken  ad  libitum. 

Refined  Liquorice,  which  is  sold  in  the  form 
of  cylinders,  is  made  by  gently  evaporating  a 
solution  of  the  pure  extract  of  liquorice  with  half 
its  weight  of  gum  Arabic,  rolling  the  mass  and 
cutting  it  into  lengths,  and  then  polishing,  by 
rolling  them  together  in  a  box. 

Extrac'tum  Gram'inis,  '  Extract  of  Grass.' 
An  extract  prepared  from  Triticum  repens.  It  is 
considered  by  the  Germans  to  be  a  mild  tonic ; 
and  is  greatly  iised,  especially  in  convalescence 
from  fever.  It  is  probably  devoid  of  all  injurious 
properties,  and  as  probably  totally  ineflScacious. 
Extractum  H^matox'tli,  E.  Hmmatox'yli 
Campeehia'ni,  E.  Scobis  Hamatox'yli,  Extract 
of  Logwood.  ( The  evaporated  decoction.)  It  is 
astringent.     Dose,  gr.  x  to  ^j. 

Extractum  Radi'cis  Helleb'ori  Nigri,  Ext. 
of  Black  Hell'ebore  root,  E.  Hellehori  nigri. 
(The  evaporated  decoction.)  In  large  doses,  this 
is  cathartic;  in  smaller,  diuretic,  resolvent  (?)  and 
emmenagogue  (?).  Dose,  as  a  cathartic,  gr.  x  to 
5j  ;  as  an  emmenagogue,  gr.  iij  to  gr.  x. 

Extractum  Hellebori,  of  the  Pharmacopoeia 
of  the  United  States  (1842),  is  prepared  from 
Black  Hellebore,  in  coarse  powder,  like  the  Ex- 
tractum aconiti  alcoholicum. 

Extractum  Hu'siuli,  Extract  of  hops,  (the 
evaporated,  decoction.)  It  is  tonic,  anodyne  (?), 
diuretic  (?).     Dose,  gr.  v  to  3j- 

Extractum  Hyoscy'ami,  Extract  of  Henbane, 
Succus  spissa'tus  Hyoacyami  nigri,  Suce.  Spise. 
Hyoscyami.  (The  expressed  juice,  inspissated 
without  defecation.)  Its  virtues  are  narcotic. 
Dose,  gr.  v  to  ^ss. 

Extractum  Hyoscyajii  Alcohol'icum,  Alco- 
holic Extract  of  Henbane.  (Prepared  from  leaves 
of  Ilyoseyamus,  in  coarse  powder,  like  the  Ex- 
tractum aconiti  alcoholicum. — Ph.  U.  S.) 

Extractum  Jala'p^,  E.  Convol'vvli  Jalapa, 
E.  Jala'pii,  Extract  of  Jalap,  E.  Jala'pi.  (A 
spirituous  tincture  distilled  /  and  an  aqueous  de- 
coction evaporated  ,•  the  residua  being  mixed  toge- 
ther :  kept  both  soft  and  hard.)  It  is  cathartic 
and  hydragogue.     Dose,  gr.  x  to  Qj. 

Extractum  Jalap.b  of  the  Ph.  U.  S.  is  pre- 
pared like  the  Extractum  cinchonse.  Ph.  U.  S. 

Extractum  Jalaps  Resiko'sum,  Res'inoua 
Extract  of  Jalap.     This  is  cathartic. 

Extractum  Juglan'dis,  Extract  of  Butternut. 
(Prepared  by  displacement  from  butternut,  in 
coarse  powder. — Ph.  U.  S.) 

Extractum  Krame'ki.e,  Extract  of  Rhatany. 
(Prepared  by  displacement  from  rhatany,  in 
coarse  powder. — Ph.  U.  S.) 

Extractum  Lactu'c^,  Extract  of  Lettuce, 
Succus  spissa'tus  Lactucm  sativtB.  (Leaves  of 
fresh  lettuce  Ibj  ;  beat  them  in  a  stone  mortar, 
sprinkling  them  with  water;  then  express  the 
juice  and  evaporate,  without  allowing  it  to  sub- 
i  side  until  it  acquires  a  proper  degree  of  coDsist- 


EXTRACTUM 


355 


EXTRANEOUS  BODY 


ence.)  It  is  said  to  be  narcotic  and  diaphoretic. 
Dose,  gr.  iij  to  gr.  x. 

An  extract  is,  sometimes,  made  from  the  juice 
of  the  wild  lettuce,  Lactuca  viro'sa,  which  is  re- 
garded as  diuretic. 

ExTRACTUM  Martis  Aceticum,  Fcrri  Aeetas — 
e.  Naeis  Vomicae,  see  Strychnos  nux  vomica. 

ExTRACTDM  O'pii,  E.  OpU  aquo'sum,  E.  The- 
ba'icum,  Extract  of  Opium,  E.  Opii  gumma' sum, 
Lau'danum  o]yia' turn  sqvl  simplex,  Opium  eola'tum 
seu  depura'tum.  (A  icatery  solution  defecated 
and  evaporated.)     Dose,  gr.  ss  to  gr.  v. 

ExTRACTUit  Panchymago'gum.  A  drastic  me- 
dicine, composed  of  colocynth,  bruised  with  its 
seeds ;  senna  bruised;  black  hellebore  root.  Aga- 
ric, Scammony,  in  powder.  Extract  of  Aloes,  and 
Powder  of  Biarrhodon. 

ExTRACTUM  Papav'eris,  E.  Papav'eris  som- 
nif'eri,  E.  Papaveris  albi.  Extract  of  ichite  poppy. 
{The  decoction  evaporated.)  It  possesses  nearly 
the  same  virtues  as  opium,  but  is  weaker.  Dose, 
gr.  ij  to  9j. 

ExTRACTUM  Pip'eris  Flu'idum,  Fluid  Extract 
of  Black  Pepper.  {Blackpe]jper  exhausted  by  ether 
through  percolation,  the  solution  evaporated,  and 
the  piperin  in  crystals  separated  by  expression. 
Ph.  U.  S.) 

ExTRACTUM  Podophtl'li,  Extract  of  May- 
appile.  (Prepared  from  podophyllum,  in  coarse 
powder,  in  the  same  manner  as  the  Extract  of 
cinchona.— Ph.  U.  S.) 

ExTRACTtjJt  PuRGAXS,  See  Hcdera  helix  —  e. 
Quercetani,  E.  Colocynthidis  compositum. 

ExTRACTUJI  QuAS'si.E,  Extract  of  Quassia. 
(Prepared  by  displacement  from  Quassia  rasped. 
—Ph.  U.  S.) 

ExTRACTUir  Cor'ticis  Quercus,  Extract  of  oak 
hark.  {The  decoction  evapiorated.)  It  is  astrin- 
gent and  tonic. 

ExTRACTUM  Qui'kije,  QuinicB  stdphas  impu'rus. 
This  is  made  by  evaporating  the  liquor  poured 
off  the  crystals  of  sulphate  of  quinia  to  the  con- 
sistence of  a  pilular  mass.  Twenty-four  grains 
will  generally  arrest  an  intermittent. 

ExTRACTUM  Rhei,  Extract  of  Ehubarb.  {A 
tolution  in  diluted  alcohol  evaporated.)  Uses 
like  those  of  the  powdered  root.  Dose,  gr.  x 
to  ^ss. 

ExTRACTUM  Rhei  flu'idum,  Fluid  Extract  of 
Rhubarb.  {Rhej  in  pulv.  crass,  ^viij,  Sacchar. 
^v,  Tinct.  Zingib.  f^ss,  01.  fosnicul.,  01.  anis. 
aalT^iv;  Alcohol,  dilut.  q.  s.  Digest  the  rhu- 
barb, mixed  with  an  equal  bulk  of  coarse  sand, 
with  ^xij  of  the  diluted  alcohol  for  24  hours. 
Put  the  mass  into  the  percolator,  and  pour  on 
diluted  alcohol  until  the  liquid  that  passes  has 
little  odour  or  taste  of  rhubarb;  evaporate  to  i^y; 
dissolve  it  in  the  sugar,  and  mix  the  tincture  of 
ginger  and  oils.     Ph.  U.  S.) 

ExTRACTUM  Ru'dii,  Extract  of  Radius,  (P.) 
Extrait  de  Rudius.  Pills  made  of  colocynth, 
agaric,  scammony,  roots  of  black  hellebore  and 
jalap,  socotrine  aloes,  cinnamon,  mace,  cloves, 
and  alcohol. 

ExTRACTUM  RutjE  Grateolen'tis,  E.  folio'- 
rum  RutcB,  Extract  of  Rue,  Extractum  Rutce.  {A 
decoction  evaporated.)  Tonic,  stomachic.  The 
volatile  oil  being  dissipated  in  the  boiling,  this  is 
not  a  good  preparation.     Dose,  gr.  x  to  ^j- 

ExTRACTCM  Folio'rum  Saei'n^,  Extract  of 
Savine.  {A  decoction  evaporated.)  Tonic.  The 
same  remarks  may  be  made  on  this  preparation 
as  on  the  last.     Dose,  gr.  x  to  ^ss. 

Extractum  Sarsaparil'l^,  Extract  of  Sar- 
eaparil'la.  {A  strained  decoction  evaporated.) 
Virtues  the  same  as  those  of  the  powdered  root. 
Dose,  gr.  x  to  ^j.  Extractum  Sarsaparillm  of 
the    United    States   Pharmacopoeia  is   prepared 


from  Sarsaparilla,  in  coarse  powder,  like  the  Ex- 
tractum aconiti  alcoholicum. 

Extractum  Sarsaparilla  flu'idum,  Fluid 
Extract  of  Sarsapat-illa.  {Sarsaparill.  coneis.  ct 
contus.  §xvj,  Glycyrrhiz.  contus.,  Sassafr.  rad. 
contus.,  aa  §ij,  Mezerei  coneis.  3^'j)  Sacchar. 
§xij.  Alcohol,  dilut.  Oviij.  Macerate,  with  the 
exception  of  the  sugar,  for  14  days ;  express  and 
filter;  evaporate  to  f5xij;  and  add  the  sugar. 
Ph.  U.  S.) 

Extractum  Saturjti,  Goulard's,  Liquor 
plumbi  subacetatis — e.  Scobis  heematoxyli,  E. 
hsematoxyli. 

Extractum  Senna  flu'idum.  Fluid  Extract 
of  Senna.  {Sennm  in  pulv.  crass.  Ibijss;  Sac- 
char. ^xx;  01.  Fcenicul.  f 3J  ;  Sp>.  jEther.  com- 
pos, f^ij ;  Alcohol,  dilut.  Oiv.  Mix  the  senna 
and  diluted  alcohol;  let  the  mixture  stand  for  21 
hours ;  put  it  into  a  percolator,  and  gradually 
pour  on  water  mixed  with  one  third  its  bulk  of 
alcohol,  until  a  gallon  and  a  half  of  liquid  shall 
have  passed;  evaporate  to  f^xs;  add  the  sugar, 
and,  when  it  is  dissolved,  the  compound  spirit  of 
ether,  holding  the  oil  in  solution. 

Extractum  Spige'lia  et  Senna  flu'idum. 
Fluid  Extract  of  Spigelia  and  Senna.  {Spigel. 
in  pulv.  crass,  tbj  ;  SenncB  in  pulv.  crass.  5vj; 
Sacchar.  Ibiss ;  Potass,  carbon,  ^vy,  01.  Carni, 
01.  Anisi,  aa  f^ss ;  Alcohol,  dilut.  q.  s.  Pour 
on  the  spigelia  and  senna  Oij  of  diluted  alcoh<il ; 
let  it  stand  for  48  hours  ;  place  it  in  a  percolator, 
and  pour  on  gradually  diluted  alcohol  until  half 
a  gallon  has  passed:  evaporate  to  a  pint;  add 
the  carbonate  of  potassa;  and  afterwards  the 
sugar,  previously  triturated  with  the  oils,  and 
dissolve.     Ph.  U.  S.) 

Extractum  Stramo'nii,  E.  Stramo'nii  folio  - 
rum,  Extract  of  Stramo'nium,  Extract  of  Strann  ■ 
nium  leaves.  (The  expressed  juice  inspissated. ) 
The  Extractum  Stramonii  Sem'inis,  Extract  of 
Stramonium  Seed,  is  made  from  the  powdered 
seed  by  means  of  diluted  alcohol,  and  with  the 
aid  of  the  percolator ; — the  solution  being  evapo- 
rated. Ph.  U.  S.  Used  as  a  narcotic  in  asthma 
and  other  spasmodic  affections.  Dose,  gr.  ij  togr.  x. 

Extractum  Tarax'aci,  Ext.  HerbcB  et  Radi'- 
cis    Tarax'aci,    Extract    of   Eandeli'on.       {The 
strained  juice  evaj>orated.)     It  has  been  consi-  , 
dered  deobstruent,  laxative,  and  diuretic.     Dose, 
gr.  X  to  5J- 

Extractum  Thebaicum,  E.  Opii. 

Extractum  Valeria'na,  Extract  of  Vale'- 
rian.  {An  ejcpressed  decoction  evaporated.)  The 
virtues  of  the  valerian  being  dependent  upon  its 
essential  oil,  this  is  an  objectionable  preparation. 
Dose,  gr.  x  to  ^j- 

A  fluid  extract  of  Valerian,  Extractum  Vale- 
ria'ncB  flu'idum,  has  been  introduced  into  the  last 
edition  of  the  Pharmacopceia  U.  S.  (1851).  It  is 
prepared  by  exhausting  the  valerian  by  ether  and 
alcohol,  through  the  percolator,  and  evaporating. 

There  are  some  other  extracts  in  the  American 
and  other  Pharmacopoeias,  but  they  are  prepared 
in  the  ordinary  mode,  and  possess  merely  the 
virtues  of  the  plants.  They  are  besides,  gene- 
rally, of  an  unimportant  character. 

EXTRAIT,  Extract— e.  Alcoholique  de  noix 
vomique,  see  Strychnos  nux  vomica — e.  des  Frtnts, 
Piob — e.  Hi'mostatique  de  Bonjean,  Ergotin. 

EXTRA'NEOUS  BODY,  from  extra,  'witn- 
out.'  Corpus  extra'neum,  C.  exter'num,  C.  alie'- 
num,  (F.)  Corps  Stranger.  Any  solid,  liquid,  or 
gaseous  substance,  inanimate  or  animate,  pro- 
ceeding from  without,  or  formed  in  the  body  ; 
and  which  constitutes  no  part  of  the  body,  but 
occupies,  in  the  substance  of  the  textures,  or  soma 
of  the  cavities,  a  place  foreign  to  it. 


EXTRAVASATION 


356 


FACE 


EXTRAVASA'TION,  Extravasa'tio,  from  ex- 
tra, 'out  of,'  and  vasa,  'vessels.'  Escape  of  a 
fluid — extravasa'tum — from  the  vessel  contain- 
ing it,  and  infiltration  or  effusion  of  the  fluid  into 
the  surrounding  textures. 

EXTRA VASATUM,  see  Extravasatio. 

EXTREM'ITY,  Extrem'itas ;  from  extremus, 
'the  outermost;'  the  end  or  termination  of  a 
thing.  The  limbs,  acrote' ria,  have  been  so  called, 
—  as  the  tipper  and  lower  extremities.  It  has 
been,  also,  used  to  express  the  last  moments  of 
life  ,•  as  when  we  say,  a  patient  is  in  '  extremity,' 
(F.)  le  malade  est  d  I'extremite,  d  touts  extremite. 
See  Membrum. 

EXTRIN'SIC,  Extrin'sems.  That  which  comes 
from  without.  This  term  has  been  used  for  mus- 
cles, which  surround  certain  organs  and  attach 
them  to  the  neighbouring  parts  ;  in  order  to  dis- 
tinguish them  from  other  muscles,  which  enter 
into  the  intimate  composition  of  these  organs, 
and  which  have  been  named  intrinsic.  Thus, 
*.aere  are  extrinsic  and  intrinsic  muscles  of  the 
tongue,  ear,  <&c. 

EXTROVERSIO,  Exstrophia. 

EXTUBERANTIA,  Protuberance. 

EXTUBERATIO,  Protuberance. 

EXTUMEFACTIO,  Swelling. 

EXTUS'SIO,  from  ex,  and  tussis,  'a  cough.' 
*  I  cough  with  expectoration.' 

EXU'BER,  from  ex,  'out  of,'  'devoid  of,'  and 
uhera,  'breasts;'  Apogalac'tos.  'A  child  which 
has  been  weaned.' 

EXUDATION  CORPUSCLES,  see  Corpus- 
cles, exudation. 

EXULCERATIO,  Ecthlimma,  Ulceration  — e. 
Uteri,  Hysterelcosis  —  e.  Ventriculi,  Gastrelcosis. 

EXUMBILICATIO,  Exomphalos. 

EXUSTIO,  Cauterization. 

EXUTORIUM,  Eonticulus. 

EXUTORY,  Eonticulus. 

EYE,  Sax.  eaj,  Teuton.  Auge,  O'culm,  Ops, 
0,nma,  Ophthal'mos,  Illos,  Opi'tilos  (Doric,)  Vi- 
eo'rium  Org'anum,  (F.)  (Eil.  The  eye  is  the  im- 
mediate organ  of  vision.  It  is  seated  in  the  orbit, 
while  its  dependencies,  called  by  Haller  Tntam'- 
ina  Oc'xdi,  occupy  the  circumference  of  the  ca- 
vity, and  are  composed  of  the  eyebrows,  the  eye- 
lids, cilia,  glands  of  Meibomius,  &c.  The  Ball, 
Globe,  or  Bulb  of  the  Eye,  Bulbus  Oc'idi,  is  co- 
vered anteriorly  by  the  tunica  conjunctiva;  is 
moved  by  six  muscles,  four  straight,  two  oblique, 
and  is  constituted  of  membranes,  as  the  sclerotic, 
cornea,  choroid,  tunica  Jacobi,  retina,  iris,  hya- 
loid, and,  in  the  foetus,  the  membrana  pupillaria; 
and  of  fluids,  called  Humonrs,  or  Jfedia, — the 
aqueous,  crystalline,  and  vitreous.  The  eyeball 
is  invested  with  a  membranous  tunic,  which  sepa- 
rates it  from  the  other  structures  of  the  orbit,  and 
forms  a  smooth,  hollow  surface,  by  which  its  mo- 
tions are  facilitated.     This  investment  has  been 


called  cell'ular  capsule  of  the  eye,  oc'ular  capsule, 
tu'nica  vagina'lis  oc'uli,  vag"inal  coat,  and  suh- 
mus'cular  fascia  of  the  eye.  The  vessels  of  the 
eye  proceed  from  the  ophthalmic  artery.  The 
nerves,  except  the  optic,  are  chiefly  furnished 
from  the  ophthalmic  ganglion.  The  following 
are  the  dimensions,  &c.,  of  the  organ,  on  the  au- 
thority of  Petit,  Young,  Gordon,  and  Brewster: 

Length  of  the  antero-posterior  diameter  of 

the  eye, 0.91 

Vertical  chord  of  the  cornea, 0.45 

Versed  sine  of  the  cornea, 0.11 

Horizontal  chord  of  the  cornea, 0.47 

Size  of  pupil  seen  through  the  cornea,  0.27  to  0.13 
Size  of  pupil  diminished  by  magnifj'ing  power 

of  cornea  to,  from 0.25  to  0.12 

Radius  of  the  anterior  surface  of  the  crystal- 
line,   0.30 

Radius  of  posterior  surface, 0.22 

Principal  focal  distance  of  lens, 1.73 

Distance  of  the  centre  of  the  optic  nerve  from 

ihe  foramen  centrale  of  Sommering, 0.11 

Distance  of  the  iris  from  the  cornea, 0.10 

Distance  of  the  iris  from  the  anterior  surface 

of  the  crystalline 0.02 

Field  of  vision  above  a  horizontal  line,  50°  ]  ,  „p,o 
Field  of  vision  below  a  horizontal  line,  70°  J 

Field  of  vision  in  a  horizontal  plane, 150° 

Diameter  of  the  crystalline  in  a  woman  above 

fifty  years  of  age, 0.37S 

Diameter  of  the  cornea, 0.400 

Thickness  of  the  crystalline, 0.172 

Thickness  of  the  cornea, 0.042 

Eye,  Apple,  see  Melum — e.  Balm,  Hydrastis 
Canadensis — e.  Bright,  Euphrasia  ofiicinalis.  Lo- 
belia—  e.  Cat's,  amaurotic,  see  Amaurotic — e. 
Cellular  capsule  of  the,  see  Eye  —  e.  Drop,  Tear. 

Eye  Glass,  Seaphium  oculare,  see  Specta- 
cles. Also,  a  glass  adapted  for  the  application 
of  collyria  to  the  eye. 

Eye,  Gtjm  of  the,  Chassie — e.  Lashes,  Cilia- - 
e.  Lid,  Palpebra — e.  Lid,  Granular,  Trachoma — 
e.  Melon,  see  Melum — e.  Purulent,  Ophthalmia, 
purulent,  of  infants  —  e.  Salve,  Singleton's,  Un- 
guentum  Hydrargyri  nitrico-oxydi;  Eye-salve, 
Smellome's,  see  Cupri  subacetas — e.  Sight  of  the, 
Pupil. 

Eye  Stone.  The  shelly  operculum  of  small 
turbinidese.  Used  at  Guernsey  to  get  things  out 
of  the  eyes.  Being  put  into  the  inner  corner  of 
the  eye,  under  the  eyelid,  it  works  its  way  out 
at  the  outer  corner,  and  brings  out  any  foreign 
substance  with  it. — Gray. 

Eye  Teeth,  Canine  teeth — e.  of  Typhon,  Scil- 
la — e.  Water,  Collyrium — e.  Water,  common,  Li- 
quor zinci  sulphatis  cum  camphor^,  —  e.  Water, 
blue.  Liquor  cupri  ammoniati  —  e.  Watery,  Epi- 
phora— e.  White  of  the,  see  Sclerotic. 


F. 


FABa,  Phaseolus,  Vicia  faba  —  f.  ^gyptiaea, 
Nymphfea  nelumbo  —  f.  Cathartica,  Jatropha 
i;urcas  —  f.  Crassa,  Sedum  telephium  —  f.  Febri- 
fuga,  Ignatia  amara — f.  Grseca,  Diospyros  lotus 
--f.  Indica,  Ignatia  amara  —  f.  Major.  Vicia 
Jiiba  —  f.  Pechurei,  Tetranthera  Pechurim  —  f. 
I'echurim,  Tetranthera  pechurim  —  f.  Purgatrix, 
Kicinus  communis  —  f.  Sancti  Ignatii,  Ignatia 
<imara  —  f.  Suilla,  Hyoscyamns  —  f.  Vulgaris, 
Vicia  faba. 


FAB^,  Onisei  aselH. 

FABAGELLE,  Zvgophyllum  fagabo. 

FABARIA  CRASSULA,  Sedum  telephium. 

FABRICA  ANDROGYNA,  Hermaphrodeity. 

FACE,  Fades,  Vnltns,  Voltus,  Proso'pon,  (F.) 
Face.  The  face  is  the  anterior  part  of  the  head. 
It  is  formed  of  13  bones,  viz.  the  two  superior 
maxillary,  the  tv>o  malar,  the  two  ossa  nasi,  the 
two  ossa  nng^tia,  the  vomer,  the  two  ossa  sjjongiosa 
inferiora,  the  two  palate  bones,  and  the  inferior 


FACE 


357 


PAGITS 


maxillary,  without  including  the  frontal  portion 
of  the  OS  frontis,  and  the  32  teeth,  which  may  he 
considered  to  form  part  of  it.  Its  numerous 
muscles  are  chiefly  destined  for  the  organs  of 
sight,  hearing,  taste,  and  smell.  Its  arteries 
proceed  from  the  external  carotid :  its  veins  end 
in  the  jugular,  and  its  nerves  draw  their  origin 
immediately  from  the  brain. 

The  face  experiences  alterations  in  disease, 
which  it  is  important  to  attend  to.  It  is  yellow 
in  jaundice,  pale  and  puify  in  dropsy  ;  and  its 
expression  is  very  different,  according  to  the  seat 
of  ii-ritation,  so  that,  in  infants,  by  an  attention 
to  medical  physiognomy,  we  can  often  detect  the 
seat  of  disease. 

Hippocrates  has  well  depicted  the  change 
which  it  experiences  in  one  exhausted  by  long 
sickness,  by  great  evacuations,  excessive  hunger, 
watchfulness,  &c.,  threatening  dissolution.  Hence 
this  state  has  been  called  Fades  Hii^pocrat'iea, 
Fades  Cadaver'ica,  F.  Tortua'lis.  In  this,  the 
nose  is  pinched ;  the  ej^es  are  sunk ;  the  temples 
hollow;  the  ears  cold,  and  retracted;  the  skin 
of  the  forehead  tense,  and  dry ;  the  complexion 
livid ;  the  lips  pendent,  relaxed,  and  cold,  &c. 

The  term  Face  (F.)  is  likewise  given  to  one  of 
the  aspects  of  an  organ ;  thus,  we  say,  the  supe- 
rior face  of  the  stomach. 

FACE,  INJECTFE,  see  Vultueux—f.  Vul- 
tueuse,  see  Vultuenx. 

FACET',  (F.)  Facette.  Diminutive  of  Face.  A 
small  face.  A  small,  circumscribed  portion  of 
the  surface  of  a  bone,  as  the  articular  facette  of 
a  bone. 

FACHINGEN,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
These  springs  are  at  no  great  distance  from  those 
of  Geilenau,  and  two  miles  north  of  Wisbaden. 
They  contain  free  carbonic  acid  ;  carbonate,  sul- 
phate, and  phosphate  of  soda;  chloride  of  sodium, 
carbonate  of  lime,  magnesia,  and  iron. 

FA'CIAL,  Facia'lis.  Belonging  to,  or  con- 
nected with,  the  face. 

Facial  Angle,  see  Angle,  facial. 

Facial  Artery,  La'bial  artery,  An'gular  or 
external  max'illary  artery,  A.  palato-lahial  — 
(Ch.)  is  a  branch  of  the  external  carotid,  which 
rises  beneath  the  digastricus,  and  is  distributed 
to  almost  every  part  of  the  face.  It  furnishes 
the  inferior  palatal,  submental,  superior  labial, 
inferior  labial,  and  dorsalis  nasi. 

Facial  Line,  see  Angle,  facial. 

Facial  Nerve,  Portio  dura  of  the  7th  pair. 
Ramus  du'rior  sep'timm  conjiigatio' nis,  Sympa- 
thet'icus  minor,  Res'piratory  nerve  of  the  face. 
Par  sep'timum  sivefacia'le,  Commu'nicans  faciei 
neruus.  This  nerve  arises  from  the  inferior  and 
lateral  part  of  the  tuber  annulare,  in  the  groove 
which  separates  it  from  the  medulla  oblongata, 
external  to  the  corpora  olivaria,  and  by  the  side 
of  the  auditory  nerve.  It  issues  from  the  cranium 
by  the  meatus  auditorius  internus;  enters  the 
aqueduct  of  Fallopius ;  receives  a  branch  of  the 
Vidian  nerve';  forms  a  gangliform  swelling — Intu- 
mesccn'tia  gangliform' is  j — sends  off  filaments  to 
the  internal  muscles  of  the  malleus  and  stapes ; 
furnishes,  according  to  many  anatomists,  that 
called  Chorda  Tympani ;  makes  its  exit  at  the 
foramen  stylo-mastoideum,  and  divides  into  two 
branches — the  tonporo facial,  and  cervicofacial. 
On  the  face  it  is  termed,  Pes  anseri'nus.  Plexus 
nervo' rtun  anseri'nus.     See  Portio  Wrisbergii. 

Facial  Vein,  PaVato-labial — (Ch.,)  arises  be- 
tween the  skin  and  frontalis  muscle,  and  bears 
the  name  V.  Fronta'lis,  (F.)  Veine  frontale  ou 
V.  Preparate.  It  then  descends,  vertically,  to- 
wards the  greater  angle  of  the  eye,  where  it  is 
called  Angula'ris ;  and  afterwards  descends, 
obliciuely,  on  the  face,  to  open  into  the  internal 


jugular,  after  having  received  branches,  which 
correspond  with  those  of  the  facial  artery.  It  is 
only  in  the  latter  part  of  its  course  that  it  is 
called  Facial  Vein.  Chaussier  calls  the  external 
carotid  artery.  Facial  Artery. 

FA'CIENT,  faciens,  'making,' from /acto,  'I 
make.'  A  suffix,  as  in  Calefacient,  Rubefacient, 
&c.,  'warm  making,'  'red  making.' 

FACIES,  Face  —  f.  Cadaverica,  see  Face  —  f. 
Concava  pedis,  Sole — f.  Hippocratica,  see  Face — 
f.  Inferior  pedis,  Sole — f.  Tortualis,  see  Face. 

FACTIOE,  Factitious. 

FACTIT"IOUS,  Factit"iua,  (F.)  Factice,  from 
facere,  'to  make.'  Artificial.  That  which  is 
made  by  art,  in  opposition  to  what  is  natural  or 
found  already  existing  in  nature.  Thus,  we  say, 
factitious  mineral  waters,  for  artificial  mineral 
waters. 

FACULTAS,  Faculty— f.Auctrix,  Plastic  force 
— f.  Formatrix,  Plastic  force  —  f.  Nutrix,  Plastic 
force — f.  Vegetativa,  Plastic  force — f.  Zotica,  Vis 
vi  talis. 

FACULTATES  NATURALES,  see  Function, 

FACULTY,  Facultas,  Dy'namis,  Power,  Vir- 
tue. The  power  of  executing  anj'  function  or  act. 
The  collection  of  the  intellectual  facidties  consti- 
tutes the  understanding.  We  say,  also,  vital  fa- 
cidties for  vital  properties,  &c. 

F^CAL,  Stercoraceous — f.  Retention,  Consti- 
pation. 

F^CES,  Plural  of  J'ffia:,-  Feces,  Chersa,  'the 
dregs  of  any  thing.'  Fec'ulence,  (F.)  Feces.  The 
alvine  evacuations  are  so  called;  (F.)  Garderobes; 
the  excrements,  Impurita'tes  alvinm,  FcBcal  mat- 
ter.    See  Excrement. 

F^CES  Indurate,  Scybala, 

F^COSITAS,  Feculence. 

FiECULA,  Fecula. 

FiECULENTIA,  Feculence. 

F^CUNDATIO,  Fecundatio; 

F^CUNDITAS,  Fecundity. 

F^X,  Feculence. 

FAGA'RA  OCTAN'DRA,  Elapih'rium  tomen- 
to'sum,  Am'yri^  tomento'sum,  from  fagus,  '  the 
beech,'  which  it  resembles.  The  systematic  name 
of  the  plant,  which  affords  Tacamaha' ca,  a  resi- 
nous substance,  that  exudes  from  the  tree  Taca- 
mahaca,  which  has  a  fragrant,  delightful  smell, 
was  formerly  in  high  estimation,  as  an  ingredient 
in  warm,  stimulating  plasters,  and  was  given  in- 
ternally, like  the  balsams  generally.  The  East 
India  Tacamahac,  Eal'samum  Vir'ide,  O'leurii 
Mar'i(B,  Bal'samum  Cal'aba,  Balsamum  marias, 
Batime  vert,  is  yielded  by  Calophyl'lum  inophyV- 
lum  seu  Balsama'ria  InophyVlum. 

The  name  Tacamahac  is  also  given  to  a  resin 
furnished  by  Pop'ulus  balsamif  era  seu  tacama- 
ha'ca,  which  grows  in  the  northern  parts  of  Ame- 
rica and  Siberia. 

Fagara  Piperi'tA,  (P.)  Fagarier  poivre;  a 
native  of  Japan,  possesses  the  qualities  of  pepper, 
and  is  used  as  such  by  the  Japanese.  It  is,  also, 
employed  as  a  rubefacient  cataplasm. 

FAGARAS'TRUM  CAPEN'SE.  A'at  Ord. 
Xanthoxyleffi.  A  South  African  plant,  the  fruit 
of  which  is  known  to  the  Colonists  as  leild  Car- 
damom; and,  on  account  of  its  aromatic  quali- 
ties, is  prescribed  in  flatulency  and  paralysis. 

FAGARIER  POIVRE,  Fagara  octandria. 

FAGOPYRUM,  Polygonum  fagopyrum. 

FAGUS,  F.  sylvatica. 

Fagus  Casta'nea.  The  systematic  name  ot 
the  Chestnut  Tree;  Casta'nea,  C.  vidga'ris,  Caa 
ta'nea  vcsca,  Lo'pima,  Mota,  Glans  Jovis  Theo- 
PHRASTI,  Ju'piter's  Acorn,  Sardin'ian  Acorn;  the 
Common  Chestnut,  (F.)  Chatagnier  commun.  Fa- 
mily, Amentacese.     Sex.  Syst.  Mono?cia  Poljau- 


FAIBLESSE 


358 


PALSIFICATION 


rfria.  The  Chestnut,  Casta'nea  nnx,  (F.)  Cha- 
taigne,  is  farinaceous  and  nutritious,  but  not  easy 
of  digestion. 

Fagus  Castanea  Pu'milA.  The  Chin'capin 
or  Chinquapin,  Castanea  Pumila,  (F.)  Ohataignier 
iiain.  The  nut  of  this  American  tree  is  eaten 
like  the  chestnut.  The  bark,  Castanea,  {Ph.  U. 
S.)  has  been  used  in  intermittents. 

Fagus  Pueptjeea,  F.  sylvatica. 

Fagus  Stlvat'ica.  The  systematic  name  of 
the  Beech,  Fagus,  F.  sylves'tria  sen  purpu'rea, 
Oxya,  Balan'da,  Valan'ida;  the  Beech  Tree, 
(F.)  Hetre.  The  Beech-nut  or  Beech-mast,  (F.) 
Faine,  affords  an  oil,  by  expression,  -which  is  of 
a  palatable  character,  and  is  eaten  in  some  places 
instead  of  butter.  It  has  been  supposed  to  be  a 
good  vermifuge,  but  it  is  no  better  than  any 
mild  oil. 

Fagus  Sylvestris,  F.  Sylvatica. 

FAIBLESSE,  Debility. 

FAUI,  Hunger — /.  Canine,  Boulimia — /.  de 
Loup,  Fames  lupina. 

FAINE,  see  Fagus  sylvatica. 

FAINTING,  Syncope. 

FAINTING-FIT,  Syncope. 

FAINTISHNESS,  see  Syncope. 

FAINTNESS,  Languor,  Syncope. 

FAIRBURN,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  The 
mineral  waters  at  this  place,  which  is  in  the 
county  of  Ross,  in  Scotland,  are  sulphureous, 
and  frequented. 

FAISCEAU,  Fasciculus — f.  Intemidiaire  de 
Wrisberg,  Portio  Wrisbergii — /.  Petit,  Fasci- 
culus. 

FALCADINA,  Scherlievo. 

FAL'CIFORM,  Fnlci/or'mia,  Drepano'i'des, 
from  falx,  ' a  scythe,' and /o>-»!a, 'shape.'  Having 
the  shape  of  a  scythe.  This  term  has  been  ap- 
plied to  different  parts.     See  Falx,  and  Sinus. 

Falciform  Expansion  of  the  Fascia  Lata 
is  the  scythe-shaped  reflection  of  the  fascia  lata, 
which  forms,  outwards  and  upwards,  the  opening 
for  the  vena  saphsena,  and  is  attached  to  the 
crural  arch  by  its  superior  extremity,  forming 
the  anterior  paries  of  the  canal  of  the  same  name. 

FALLACIA,  Hallucination. 

Fallaoia  Optica.    An  optic  illusion. 


FALLOPIAN  TUBE,  see  Tube,  Fallopian. 

FALLTRANCK,Faltranck(G.),  literally, 
a  drink  against  falls.  A  vulnerary.  It  is  a 
mixture  of  several  aromatic  and  slightly  astrin- 
gent plants,  which  grow  chiefly  in  the  Swiss 
Alps,  and  hence  the  name —  Vidneraire  Suisse — 
given  to  such  dried  plants  cut  into  fragments. 
They  are  called,  also,  Especes  Vnlneraires,  and 
The  Suisse.  Within  the  present  century,  in  Eng- 
land, a  kind  of  vulnerary  beer  was  often  pre- 
scribed, in  country  practice,  in  all  cases  of  in- 
ward bruises.  It  bore  the  name  Cerevis'ia  nigra, 
or  black  beer,  and  was  formed  by  infusing  certain 
reputed  vulnerary  herbs  in  beer  or  ale. 

The  infusion  of  the  Falltranch  is  aromatic,  and 
slightly  agreeable,  but  of  no  use  in  the  cases  for 
which  it  has  been  particularly  recommended. 

FALMOUTH,  CLIMATE  OF.  The  climate 
of  Falmouth  in  Cornwall,  England,  resembles 
that  of  Penzance :  and,  like  it,  is  in  many  re- 
spects, a  favourable  retreat  for  the  phthisical 
during  the  winter  months. 

FALSA  VIA,  False  passage. 

FALSE,  Fcdsus,Nothus,Pgeudo,  Spu'rious,  Bas- 
tard, (F.)  Faux,  Fausse.  This  epithet  has  been 
frequently  added  to  peripneumony,  pleurisy,  <fec., 
to  designate  a  disease  similar  to  these,  but  less 
severe.  Most  commonly,  a  severe  catarrh  or 
pleurodynia  has  received  the  name.  See  Peri- 
pneumonia notha. 

False  Passage,  FalsaVia,  (F .)  Fausse  Route. 
An  accidental  passage,  made  in  surgical  opera- 
tions, and  particularly  in  introducing  the  cathe- 
ter. The  catheter  is  sometimes  passed  through 
into  the  rectum. 

False  Waters,  Hydrallan'te,  False  Delivei-y. 
Water,  which  sometimes  collects  between  the 
amnion  and  chorion,  and  is  commonly  discharged 
before  the  birth  of  the  child. 

We  say,  also,  False  Bibs,  False  Rhubarb,  Ac 

FALSETTO  VOICE,  see  Voice. 

FALSIFICA'TION,  Adultera'tio,  from  falsus, 
'false,'  and /acere,  'to  make.'  A  fraudulent  imi- 
tation or  alteration  of  an  aliment  or  medicine  by 
different  admixtures.  Manga'nium,  Manganisa'- 
tio.  It  is  synonymous  with  adulteration  and 
sophistication. 


TABLE  OF  COMMON  FALSIFICATIONS  OF  SOME  OF  THE  MOST  USEFUL 

DRUGS,  &c. 


Medicines. 


Adulterations. 


Mode  of  Detection. 


ACACIiE  GUMMI. 


Acetum    Destilla- 

tum. 


ACIDUM       Muriati- 
CUM. 


NiTRICUM. 

■    Sulphur: 


CiTRICUM. 


C  G.  S.  is  clammy  and  tenacious.     The  A.  G. 

Gum  Senegal \      perfectly  soluble   in    water,  and   its   solution 

(      limpid. 

Sulphuric  Acid Acetate  of  barytes  causes  a  white  precipitate. 

.      .  f  By  evaporating  it,  the  residuum  deflagrates,  when 

Jyitrtc  Acid I      thrown  on  burning  charcoal. 

„  f  Supersaturate  with  ammonia  —  a  blue  colour 

^"PP'' 1      produced. 

Lead Sulphuretted  hydrogen  causes  a  dark  precipitate. 

Deposites  by  evaporation  the  salts  it  may  con- 
tain ;  precipitates  with  solution  of  bydroehlo 
rate  of  baryta  if  it  contains  sulphuric  acid, 
f  The  presence  of  chlorine  is  indicated  by  a  preci- 
j      pitate  with  nitrate  of  silver  :  that  of  sulphuric 
acid  by  the  same  result  with  hydroehlorate  of 
[      baryta. 
■fj-..  .   (  The  presence  of  muriatic  and  nitric  acid  is  indl 
J\t  ric  ]      gj^jg^  ijy  ^jjg  sujell,  when  the  acid  tested  is 
(      strongly  heated. 
Their  presence  is  indicated  by  forming  a  grann 
lar  sediment  in  a  concentrated  solution  of  ( 
neutrnl  salt  of  potassa. 


Sulphuric  Acid. 


3Iuriatic   and   Sulphuric 
Acids. 


3Iuriatic 
Acids. 


Tartaric 
Acids. 


and 


id      Oxalic 


FALSIFICATION 


359 


FALSIFICATION 


Medicines. 


Adulterations. 


Mode  op  Detection. 


JEthbr   Rectifica 

TUS. 

Aqua  Ammonia. 
Ammonia   Carro 

NAS. 


■)  Carhome  Acid . 


f^ 


Ammoniactjm. 


Ammonii  Sulphube- 

T0M. 


Argenti  Nitras. 


Absbnicum  Album. 
Balsamum  Peruvi- 

ANUM. 

Capsicum. 
Cayenne  Pepper. 


Castoreum. 
Cofitor. 


Cera  Flava. 
Yellow  Wax. 


Cera  Alba. 
White  Wax. 


Cinchona. 
Bark. 


Coccus. 
Cochineal, 


COLOMBA. 


Copaiba. 

Balsam  of  Copaiva. 


Lead. 

Arsenic 

Manganese  and  Iron. 

Copper 


Nitrate  of  Potassa. 


Too  dilute.  The  S.  G.  detects  this. 

Sulphuric  Acid By  acetate  of  baryta.     Precipitate  white. 

Aj    J   1  f  With  phosphorus  a  milky  instead  of  limpid  solu 

''°''°    '      tion  is  formed. 

A  precipitation  occurs  on  adding  a  solution  oi 

muriate  of  lime. 
It  should  be  capable  of  complete  volatilization 
by  heat, 
r  The  Guttcp,  Ammoniaci  are  white,  clear,  and  dry. 
-!  The  lump  Ammoniacum,  lapis  Ammoniaci,  is  often 
(      adulterated  with  common  resin. 
It  ought  to  be  entirely  volatilized  by. a  red  heat 
Imparts  a  foliated  texture,  and  is  not  vaporizable 
f  A  smell  of  garlic  is  emitted  when  thrown  on  live 
I      coals,  &c. 
Are  not  vaporizable. 

'  The  solution  assumes  a  blue  colour,  when  super 
saturated  with  ammonia.    It  may  be  suspected 
when  the  salt  deliquesces, 
'  The  adulteration  with  nitrate  of  potassa  is  easily 
recognized  by  the  fracture  of  a  stick  of  it,  which 
is  radiated  when  pure,  and  granular  if  adulte 
rated ;    or  by  precipitating  a  solution  of  the 
salts  with  a  sufficient  'quantity  of  muriatic  acid, 
and  evaporating  the  clear  liquor :  the  nitrate 
of  potassa  or  other  salts  will  remain. 
. '  Chalk,  Sulphate  of  Lime,  (  j^^^  volatizable  by  heat. 
biUphate  of  Baryta.         { 
A  mixture  of  Resin  and  f 

some  Volatile  Oil,  with  <  Not  easily  detected. 
Benzoin.  ( 

Chloride  of  Sodium This  disposes  it  to  deliquesce. 

J  {  Digest  in  acetic  acid,  and  add  a  solution  of  sul 

1  Red  Lead <      phuret  of  ammonia  —  a  dark-coloured  precipi 

(  (     tate  will  be  produced. 

(A  mixture  of  dried  blood,  f 
I      ffum  ammoniac,  and  a  \ 

little  real  castor,  stuffed  -j  Smell  and  taste  will  generally  detect  the  fraud. 
into    the    scrotum  of  a 
goat.  y 

Earth  or  Peasmeal (  ^^^^^^  suspected  when  the  cake  is  brittle  and 

(      colour  grayish. 
Tf    .  f  Put  it  in  cold  alcohol,  which  will  dissolve  the 

I      resin,  without  acting  on  the  wax. 

f  Is  known  by  the  greater  softness  and  unctuosity. 
Tallow   <      and  its  smell  when  melted.     Turmeric  is  gene- 

(     rally  added  in  this  ease  to  obviate  the  paleness, 

{White  Lead Melt  the  wax,  the  oxide  will  subside. 
Tallow   The  cake  has  not  its  ordinary  translucency. 

f  This  is  variously  adulte-  (  „  ii_jii.ji  ^-  ■, 

rated,  but  generally  with     ^^?  ^''^^^^  ''®*''':*!<^  ^l  practice,  and  examining 
'      the      Carthagena     audi      ''^^^   *^^    quantity  of  quinia  or  cinchonia   it 

other  inferior  barks.  '  [^ 
(Pieces  of  dough  formed  ( 
<      in  moulds,  and  coloured  -j  Throw  it  into  water,  the  adulteration  will  appear. 


contains. 


with  cochineal. 


Crocus. 
Saffron. 


r  The  true  is  distinguishable  from  the  false  Colomba 

I      by  adding  to  an  infusion  of  the  root,  a  few  drops 

of  solution  of  sulph.  iron,  which  gives  to  the 

infusion  of  the  false  Colomba  a  greenish  black 

colour;  but  produces  no  change  in  the  other. 

If  it  does  not  retain  its  spherical  form  when  dropped 

into  water,  its  adulteration  may  be  inferred. 
Mix  one  part  of  strong  liquid  ammonia  of  22°, 
with  three  parts  of  copaiba.  If  pure,  the  mix- 
ture will,  in  a  few  minutes,  become  transparent; 
if  not,  it  will  remain  opake. 
Affords  an  unpleasant  odour  when  thrown  oni 
live  coals. 

Petals  of  the    Calendula  ( -r  j>        i.-,  •  •     -l   ,.       ^  ■,   ^i       i-n- 

^■a;  ■     T         J  n    t-L      )  Infuse  the  specimen  in  hot  water,  and  the  diffe- 
ojficrnahs,  and  Cartha- i  .,,K  ^.,,  ' 

rp-     1     ■  rence  will  be  perceptible. 

mus  linctorius.  [^  i         tf 


-I  Oil 


Fibres  of  smoked  Beef . 


FALSIFICATION 


360 


FALSIFICATION 


Medicines. 


Adulterations. 


Mode  of  Deteotiok. 


CuBEBA  f  ^'""^^y    Yellow    Berries,  f 

Cubeba  '  1      '^^        dried  fruit  of  the  i  Detected  by  attentive  examination. 

(^      Mhamnus  Catharticua.    (_ 
CusPAEi^  Cortex.   { Falae    Angustura    aome-  i '^^.^  epidermis  of  the  true  Cusparia  is  charaeter- 
Angustura  Bark.        1      timea  sold  for  it.  1      ized  by  being  covered  with  a  matter  resembling 

(.•'(_      the  rust  of  iron. 

f  Common  Pesin  I  Detected  by  the  turpentine  smell  emitted  -when 

GuAiAci  Resina.      J  ' '       I  .  thrown  upon  hot  coals. 

Resin  of  Guaiacum.    ]  -.r      t  •      j  ^ 

■^  Jianchmeel  Gum  . . 

1.  (      tated 


r  Add  to  the  tincture  a  few  drops  of  spirit  of  nitre. 
<  and  dilute  with  water ;  the  guaicum  is  preeipi- 
(      tated — the  adulteration  floats  in  the  white  striae. 


Hydraegyri  Chlo- 

EiDUM   Mite. 
Calomel. 


Hydrargyri     Oxi- 

DUM  RuBRmr. 
Bed  Precipitate. 

Hydrargyri     Sul- 
phuretum  Rdbrum " 


Hydrargyri     Sul-     r         -my 
phuretumNigrdm.  1  ^'""'^  ^^"''^ 


Iodine. 

Jalaps  Radix. 
Jalap  Root. 

Magnesia. 


Magnesia  Subcar- 

BONAS. 

Carbonate  of  Magne- 
sia. 


Corrosive  Sublimate,  and 
Subnitrate  of 'Bismuth. 


Red  Lead  . 
Red  Lead 


Plximbago,  Charcoal,  and 
Oxide  of  Manganese. 

Bryony  Root,  spurious  or 
<      false  Jalap  Root,  and 
Liquorice  Root. 

Lime 


Sulphuret  of  Lime . 
I  Chalk , 


Manka. 


Gypsum 

f  A  factitious  article,  con- 
I  siating  of  honey  or 
sugar,  mixed  with  scam- 
mony,  is  sometimes  sold 
for  it. 


Morphia  et  ejus 

Sales. 
Morphia      and      its 

Salts. 


MOSCBUS. 

Mush 


Olea  Destillata. 
Eoaential  Oils. 


'Oleum  Ricinl 
iCastor  Oil, 


A  precipitation  will  be  produced  by  the  carbonate 
of  potass,  from  a  solution  made  by  boiling  the 
suspected  sample  with  a  small  portion  of  mu- 
riate of  ammonia  in  distilled  water;  or,  the 
presence  of  deuto-chloride  of  mercury  is  indi- 
cated, by  warming  gently  a  small  quantity  of 
calomel  in  alcohol,  filtering  and  adding  to  the 
clear  liquor  some  lime-water,  by  which  a  red- 
dish yellow  precipitate  is  afforded.  When 
calomel  is  rubbed  with  a  fixed  alkali,  it  ought 
to  become  intensely  black,  and  not  exhibit  any 
orange  hue. 

Digest  in  acetic  acid  :  add  sulphuret  of  ammonia, 
which  will  produce  a  dark  coloured  precipitate. 
It  should  be  totally  volatilized  by  heat. 

Digest  in  acetic  acid,  and  add  sulphuret  of  am- 
monia— a  black  precipitate  will  be  produced. 

Throw  a  suspected  portion  on  hot  coals — the  re- 
siduum will  detect  the  fraud. 

The  tests  of  its  purity  are  —  that  it  is  perfectly 
soluble  in  ether.  Heated  on  a  piece  of  glass  or 
porcelain,  it  sublimes  without  residuum. 
Bryony  root  is  of  a  paler  colour,  and  less  compact 
texture,  and  does  not  easily  burn  at  the  flame 
of  a  candle.    Liquorice  is  detected  by  the  taste. 

f  Detected  by  the  solution  in  dilute  sulphuric  acid 

I      affording  a  precipitate  with  oxalate  of  ammonia. 

I  Gives  off  when  moistened,  the  smell  of  sulphu- 

(      retted  hydrogen. 
Detected  by  adding  dilute  sulphuric  acid  to  the 
suspected  substance,  when,  if  chalk  be  present, 
there  will  be  a  white  insoluble  precipitate. 

f  Boil  in  distilled  water,  and  test  the  solution  by  a 

I      barytic  and  oxalic  reagent. 

j  The  colour,  weight,  transparency  and  taste  detect 
it. 


Dried  Blood. 


Asphaltum 

Fine  particles  of  Lead  . . 
I  Fixed  Oils 


Alcohol 

Olive  cyt  Almond  or  Pop- 
py Oil. 


'Morphia  and  its  salts,  when  placed  in  contact 
with  nitric  acid,  are  coloured  red ;  with  per- 
salts  of  iron,  blue.  They  are  perfe;:-tly  soluble 
in  warm  alcohol,  and  acidulated  warm  water. 
When  morphia  is  mixed  with  narcotina,  the 
adulteration  is  ascertained  by  mixing  them  with 
sulphuric  ether,  which  dissolves  the  narcotina, 
without  sensibly  affecting  the  morphia. 

The  bag  must  not  appear  to  have  been  opened. 

This  may  be  suspected,  if  it  emits  a  fetid  smoke 
when  inflamed. 

Discovered  by  its  melting  and  running,  before  it 
inflames. 

Rub  with  water.  The  metallicparticles  will  subside. 

Touch  writing  paper  with  it,  and  hold  it  before 
the  fire :  fixed  oil  leaves  a  stain  of  grease. 

Add  water.  A  milkiness  and  increase  of  tempe- 
rature occurs. 

Alcohol  S.  G-.  •S20  will  mix  with  any  proportion 
of  castor  oil,  whilst  it  dissolves  very  little  of 
the  others. 


FALTRANCK 


361 


FAECTURA 


Medicines. 


Adulterations. 


Mode  op  Detection. 


Ophtm. 


PoTASSn  lODIDUM. 

Iodide  of  Potassium. 


ilannite. 


Quini^  Sulphas. 
Sulphate  of  Quinia. 

Strychnia  et  ejus  f 

Sales. 
Strychnia     and    its ' 

Salts.  y 

ZiNCI  OxTDUM.  f  Chalk 

Flowers  of  Zinc.         \  White  Lead  . 


Extract  of  Liquorice, 
Bullets  and  Stones 
sometimes  in  it ;  Ex- 
tract of  Poppy,  of  Che- 
lidonium  majus ;  G. 
Arabic,  G.  Tragdcanth, 
Linseed  Oil,  Cow's 
Dung. 

Chlorides  of  Potassium 
and  Sodium,  Nitrate  of 
Potassa. 


Brucia' 


The  best  opium  is  covered  with  leaves  and  the 
reddish  capsules  of  a  species  of  Eumex.  The 
inferior  kinds  have  capsules  adherent.  It  is  bad 
■when  soft  and  friable,  when  intensely  black  or 
mixed  with  many  impurities,  and  when  sweet, 
The  quantity  of  morphia  affords  the  best  test. 

■  The  adulteration  is  ascertained  by  precipitating  a 
solution  of  the  salt  with  nitrate  of  silver,  and 
treating  the  precipitate  with  ammonia,  which 
dissolves  the  chloride  of  silver,  without  acting 
upon  the  iodide  of  this  metal. 

'  Leaves  no  residue  when  submitted  to  calcination : 
is  perfectly  soluble  in  warm  alcohol,  and  in 
water  slightly  acidulated  with  sulphuric  acid 

They  are  free  from  brucia  when  no  colour  is  pro- 
duced by  contact  with  nitric  acid. 

Sulphuric  acid  excites  an  effervescence. 
Sulphuric  acid  forms  an  insoluble  sulphate  of  lead, 


PALTRANCE,  Falltranck. 

FALX.  Anatomists  have  given  this  name  to 
several  membranous  reflections  having  the  shape 
of  a  falx  or  scythe. 

Falx  Cerebel'li,  (F.)  Fanx  du  cervelet,  Falx 
minor.  Septum  median  du  cervelet  (Ch.,)  Septum 
Cerehel'li,  Proces' sus  falcifor'mi-s  Cerebel'li,  Sep- 
tum Parvum  occipita'le,  is  a  triangular  process 
of  the  dura  mater  opposite  the  internal  occipital 
protuberance.  Its  base  is  attached  to  the  middle 
of  the  tentorium,  and  its  top  or  apex  bifurcates, 
to  proceed  to  the  sides  of  the  foramen  magnum. 
Its  convex  surface  is  towards  the  cranium,  and 
its  concave  in  the  fissure  or  groove,  which  sepa- 
rates the  two  lobes  of  the  cerebellum. 

Falx  Cer'ebri,  Septum  Cerebri,  Falx  major, 
Ver'tical  supe'rior  longitu'dinal  proc"ess,  Jfedia- 
sti'num  cerebri,  (F.)  Faux  du  cerveau,  Repili  longi- 
tudinal de  la  meninge,  (Ch.,)  Proces'sus  falcifor- 
mis  durcB  matris.  The  greatest  process  of  the 
dura  mater.  It  extends  from  the  fore  to  the  hind 
part  of  the  skull,  on  the  median  line ;  is  broad 
behind,  and  narrow  before,  and  is  lodged  in  the 
groove  which  separates  the  hemispheres  from 
each  other — the  interlobular  fissure.  At  its  supe- 
rior part  is  situated  the  longitudinal  finus  (supe- 
rior,) and  at  its  lower,  corresponding  to  the  edge 
of  the  scythe,  the  inferior  longitudinal  sinus.  Its 
anterior  extremity  is  attached  to  the  crista  galli; 
its  posterior  is  continuous  with  the  tentorium  ce- 
rebelli,  and  contains  the  straight  sinus. 

Falx  Major,  Falx  cerebri  —  f.  Minor,  Falx 
cerebelli. 

Falx  op  the  Peritoneum,  Great,  Falx  peri- 
tone'i  max'ima,  (F.)  Grande  faux  du  peritoine. 
Faux  de  la  Veine  Ombilicale,  Falx  of  the  umbi- 
lical vein,  is  a  reflection  of  the  peritoneum,  which 
ascends  from  the  umbilicus  to  the  anterior  and 
inferior  surface  of  the  liver. 

Falces  of  the  Peritone'um,  Lesser,  Falces 
Peritone'i  min'imcB,  (F.)  Petitesfaux  du. peritoine, 
are  the  lateral  ligaments  of  the  liver  and  the  re- 
flections which  the  peritoneum  forms,  raised  up 
by  the  umbilical  arteries. 

Falx  of  the  Umbilical  Vein,  Falx,  great, 
of  the  Peritoneum. 

FAMEL'ICA  FEBRIS,  frora.  fames,  'hunger.' 
Fever  accompanied  with  insatiable  hunger. — 
Sylvius. 

FAMELICUS,  Hungry. 


FAMES,  Hunger  —  f.  Bovina,  Boulimia  —  £ 
Canina,  Boulimia. 

Fames  Lupi'na,  Lycorex'is,  (F.)  Faim  de  Loup. 
Authors  have  described,  under  this  name,  a  kind 
of  boulimia,  or  depravation  of  the  digestive  func- 
tion, in  which  the  patient  eats  voraciously,  and 
passes  his  food,  almost  immediately  afterwards, 
per  anum. 

FAMEX,  Contusio. 

FAMIGERATIS'SIMUM  EMPLAS'TRUM, 
from  fama,  '  fame,'  and  gero,  '  I  wear.'  A  plaster^ 
extolled  in  ague,  and  made  of  aromatic,  irritating 
substances.     It  was  applied  to  the  wrist. 

FAMILIARICA  SELLA,  Close  stool. 

FAMILY  DISEASES,  see  Hereditary, 

FAMIS,  Contusio. 

FAMIX,  Contusio. 

FANCULUM,  Anethum. 

FANCY  MARK,  Ncevus. 

FANG,  Radix. 

FANON  (E.)  from  (G.)  Fahne, 'a  banner,' 
'ensign,'  'standard.'  Fer'ula,  Lec'tulvs  stra- 
min'eus,  Thor'ulus  stramiu'eus.  A  splint  of  a 
particular  shape,  employed  in  fractures  of  tho 
thigh  and  leg  to  keep  the  bones  in  contact. 

The  Fanons  were  divided  into  true  and  false. 

The  true  consists  of  a  cylinder  of  straw,  strongly 
surrounded  with  a  cord  or  riband,  in  the  centre 
of  which  a  stick  is  usually  placed  to  ensure  its 
solidity.  The  false  consists  of  a  thick  piece  of 
linen,  made  flat  like  a  compress,  and  folded  at 
the  extremities.  It  was  placed  between  the  frac- 
tured limb  and  the  true /ano«.  The  Drapfanon 
is  a  large  piece  of  common  cloth  placed  between 
the  fractured  limb,  in  which  the  fanons  or  lateral 
splints  are  rolled. 

FANTOM,  Phantom,  from  (pavraa/ja,  'a  spectre.' 
(F.)  Phantome,  Fantome,  Mannequin,  iFan'nehin, 
This  word  has  two  acceptations.  It  means  the 
spectres  and  images  which  the  imagination  pre- 
sents to  the  sick,  when  asleep  or  awake;  and, 
also,  the  figure  on  which  surgeons  practise  tho 
application  of  bandages,  or  the  accoucheur  the 
manual  part  of  midwifery, — Phanto'ma  obstet- 
ric" ium. 

FARCIMINALIS  MEMBRANA  seu  TU- 
NICA, Allantois. 

FARCINOMA,  Equinia. 

FARCTU'RA,  Fartu'ra;  from  farcire,  'to 
stuff.'     The  operation  of  introducing  medicimil 


FARCTUS 


362 


FASCIA 


E-utstances  into  the  cavities  of  animals  or  of 
fruits,  whicli  have  been  previously  emptied. 

FARCTUS,  Emphraxis 

FARCY  GLANDERS,  scr  Equinia. 

FARD,  Paint. 

FARDEAU,  Mole. 

FARFARA,  Tussilago— f.  Bechium,  Tussilago. 

FARI'l^A,  Al'jjfiiton,  Crimnon,  Al'eton,  Aleu'- 
ron,  Ale' ma,  from/ar,  '  corn,'  of  which  it  is  made. 
Mtal  or  fiour.  The  powder,  obtained  by  grind- 
ing the  seeds  of  the  gramineous,  leguminous,  and 
rjucurbitaceous  plants  in  particular.  It  is  highly 
nutritious,  and  is  much  used,  dietetically  as  well 
as  medicinally. 

Leath's  Alirnen' tary  Fari'na,  or  Homoppath'ic 
Fartna'ceous  Food,  is  said  to  consist  principally 
of  wheat  flour,  slightly  baked,  and  sweetened 
with  sugar,  together  with  potato  flour  and  a  very 
small  quantity  of  Indian  corn  meal  and  tapioca. 

Farina  Amygdalarum,  see  Amygdala. 

Farixa,  Compounded,  Raster's,  is  said  to 
consist  of  wheat  flour,  sweetened  with  sugar. 

Farina,  Nutritious,  Maidman's,  is  said  to 
consist  of  potato  flour,  artificially  coloured  of  a 
pink  or  rosy  hue,  the  colouring  matter  being  pro- 
bably rose  pink. 

Farina  Trit'ici,  wheaten  flour;  F.  Seca'lis, 
Eye  flour  or  meal;  F.  Hordei,  Barley  meal;  F. 
Avena'cea,  Oat  meal,  &c.     See  Amylum. 

FariNjE  Resolvent'es,  (F.)  Farines  Resolu- 
tives. This  name  was  formerly  given  to  a  mix- 
ture of  the  farina  of  four  difi'erent  plants ;  the 
lupine,  Lupinus  alhus,  the  Ervum  Ervilia,  the 
Viciafaba,  and  the  Barley,  Hordeum  disticJium. 
They  were  recommended  to  form  cataplasms. 

F  A  R I N  A'  C  E  0  U  S,  Farina' oeus,  Farino'sus, 
(F.)  Farineux,  Mealy.  Having  the  appearance 
or  nature  of  farina.  A  term  given  to  all  articles 
of  food  which  contain  farina.  The  term  Farina- 
cea  includes  all  those  substances,  called  cerealia, 
legumina,  &c.,  which  contain  farina,  and  are  em- 
ployed as  nutriment. 

Hard's  farinaceous  food  is  fine  wheat  flour, 
which  has  been  subjected  to  some  heating  process. 
Uraden's  farinaceous  food  is  said  to  be  wheat 
flour,  baked. 

In  Pathology,  the  epithet /a  rjnaceow?,  ['E.)  fa- 
rineux, is  applied  to  certain  eruptions,  in  which 
the  epidermis  exfoliates  in  small  particles  similar 
to  farina. 

Farinaceous  Food,  Braden's,  see  Farina- 
ceous— f  Food,  Hard's,  see  Farinaceous — f.  Food, 
Homoeopathic,  see  Farinaceous. 

Farinaceous  Food,  Plumbe's,  is  said  to  con- 
sist principally  of  bean  or  pea  flour,  most  pro- 
bably the  former,  with  a  little  Tacca  arrowroot, 
some  potato  flour,  and  a  very  little  Maranta 
arrowroot. 

Farinaceous  Food,  Prince  Albert's,  "for 
infants  and  invalids  of  all  ages,"  is  said  to  con- 
sist entirely  of  wheat  flour,  slightly  baked. 

FARINARIUM,  Alica. 

FARINES  RESOLUTIVES,  Farinse  resol- 
ventes. 

FARTNEUX,  Farinaceous. 

FARINOSUS,  Farinaceous. 

FARRIER,  Hippiater. 

FART,  Sax.  ITapC,  from  Teut.  fahren,  'to  go  :' 
— fart, 'a  voyage.'  (G.)  Furz.  Bdi.llns,  Bdolna, 
Bdelyg'mia,  Bdelyg'riius,  Porda,  Physa,  Physe, 
Flatus,  Crcp'itus,  (F.)  ^et.  A  sonorous  or  other 
discharge  of  wind  from  Dehind.  A  low  word, 
but  of  respectable  parentage. 

FARTURA,  Farctura. 

FAE,TUS,  Emphraxis. 

FAS'CIA,  from  fascit,  'a  bundle.'  Liga'tio, 
higatu'ra,  Alligatu'ra,  Anades'mus,  Yin'cula, 
Spar' ganon,  Epides'mos,  Vinctu'ra.     A  bandage, 


fillet,  roller,  ligature.  The  aponeurotic  expan- 
sions of  muscles,  which  bind  parts  together,  are, 
likewise,  termed  Fascite  :  —  Apjoneuroses,  Peri- 
mys'ia.     See,  also,  Tasnia. 

Fascia  Aponeurotica  Femoris,  Fascia  lata 
aponeurosis  —  f.  Capitalis,  Bonnet  d'Uippocrate, 
Capelina  —  f.  Capitis,  Diadema  —  f.  Cooperi,  F. 
Transversalis. 

Fascia,  Crie'riforji,  Fascia  Crihrifor'mis. 
The  sieve-like  portion  of  the  fascia  lata;  so  called 
from  its  being  pierced  by  numerous  openings  for 
the  passage  of  lymphatic  vessels. 

Fascia  Denta'ta,  Corpis  godronn6  of  Vic(i 
d'Azyr.  A  band  of  gray  matter  seen  beneath 
the  taenia  hippocampi  on  raising  it  up,  which 
runs  along  the  inner  border  of  the  cornu  ammonip. 
It  is,  as  it  were,  crenated  by  transverse  furrows. 

Fascia  Digitalis,  Gantelet — f.  Diophthalmica, 
Binoculus  —  f.  Dividens,  Dividing  bandage  —  f. 
Heliodori,  T  bandage. 

Fascia  Ili'aca,  Il'iac  aponeuro'sis.  An  apo- 
neurosis which  proceeds  from  the  tendon  of  the 
psoas  minor,  or  which  arises  from  the  anterior 
surface  of  the  psoas  magnus,  when  the  former 
muscle  does  not  exist.  It  is  attached,  externally, 
to  the  inner  edge  of  the  crest  of  the  ilium,  below, 
and  anteriorly  —  on  one  side,  to  the  crural  arch, 
sending  an  expansion  to  the  fascia  transversalis; 
and  on  the  other,  continuous  with  the  deep- 
seated  lamina  of  the  fascia  lata,  which  forms  the 
posterior  paries  of  the  crural  canal.  Within  and 
behind,  the  fascia  iliaca  is  attached  to  the  brim 
of  the  pelvis,  and  is  continuous  with  the  aponeu- 
rosis, which  M.  Jules  Cloquet  has  called  Pe?t.-iaji. 
The  iliac  aponeurosis  covers  the  iliac  and  psoas 
muscles,  which  it  separates  from  the  peritoneum. 

Fascia  Inguinalis,  Spica. 

Fascia  Lata.  A  name  given  by  anatomists 
to  an  aponeurosis,  and  to  a  muscle. 

Fascia  Lata  Aponeurosis,  Fascia  aponeu- 
rot'ica  fem'oris,  Vagi'na  fem'oris.  Crural  or 
Fern' oral  Aponeurosis,  is  the  most  extensive  in 
the  body,  and  envelopes  all  the  muscles  of  the 
thigh.  Ahove,  it  is  attached  to  the  outer  edge  of 
the  ilia ;  before,  it  arises  from  the  crural  arch  by 
two  distinct  laminae,  separated  by  the  femoral 
vessels,  and  becoming  confounded  a  little  below 
the  part  where  the  great  vena  saphasna  opens 
into  the  crural  vein.  Of  these  two  lamina),  the 
one  is  more  anterior  and  thicker  than  the  other, 
and  may  be  considered  as  a  prolongation  of  the 
aponeurosis  of  the  external  oblique.  It  is  inti- 
mately united  to  Poupart's  ligament.  The  other, 
which  is  thinner,  is  behind,  and  deeper  seated, 
and,  after  its  union  with  the  former,  proceeds  to 
be  inserted  into  the  pubis.  Inferiorly,  the  fascia 
lata  becomes  confounded  with  the  tendon  of  the 
triceps,  and  is  attached  to  the  external  tuberosity 
of  the  tibia.  The  use  of  the  fascia  lata,  like  that 
of  other  aponeuroses,  is  to  strengthen  the  action 
of  the  muscles,  &c. 

Fascia  Lata  Muscle,  Tensor  vagi'nm  fem'o- 
ris,Fa8cia'lis,  Jfembrano'sus,  Jfus'cnlus  aponcuro'- 
sis  vel  fascicB  lata,  Sfus' cuius  fem'oris  membrano'- 
sus,  (F.)  llio-aponevrosi-femoral,  Ilio-aponevroti- 
femoral — (Ch.),  Tenseur  de  V aponevrose femorale. 
A  muscle,  situate  at  the  upper  and  outer  part  of 
the  thigh.  It  arises,  above,  from  the  outer  part 
of  the  anterior  and  superior  spine  of  the  ilium; 
and  is  inserted,  below,  between  the  two  lamina9 
of  the  fascia  lata,  which  it  stretches  and  raises 
when  it  contracts. 

Fascia,  Obturator,  see  Pelvic  aponeuroses — 
f.  Pelvic,  Internal,  see  Pelvic  aponeuroses  —  f. 
Pelvic,  Lateral,  see  Pelvic  aponeuroses — f.  Pel- 
vic, Superior,  see  Pelvic  aponeuroses. 

Fascia  Pro'pria.  A  layer  of  areolar  tissue 
derived  from  the  sheath  of  the  femoral  vessels, — 


FASCIA 


363 


FATTY 


or  according  to  some  from  the  cribriform  fascia. 
It  is  one  of  the  coverings  of  femoral  hernia,  and 
is  generally  pretty  dense  about  the  neck  of  the 
hernia ;  but  thin  or  even  wanting  on  its  fundus. 

Fascia  Repens,  Spica — f.  Scapularis,  Scapu- 
lary — f.  Sculteti,  Bandage  of  separate  strips — f. 
Semicircularis,  Ttenia  semicircularis — f.  Spiralis, 
Aseia — f.  Stellata,  Stella  —  f.  Submuscular,  see 
Vaginal,  (of  the  eye.) 

Fascia,  Subperitone'al,  Suhperitone' al  apo- 
neuro'sis.  A  thin  tendinous  layer  on  the  outer 
surface  of  the  peritoneum. 

Fascia  Superficia'lis,  Superficial  aponeuro'- 
eis  of  the  abdomen  and  thigh,  (F.)  Aponevrose  su- 
perficielle  de  I'ahdomcn  et  de  la  cuisse.  A  very 
thin  aponeurosis,  which  covers  the  muscles  and 
aponeuroses  of  the  abdomen ;  passes  before  the 
crural  arch,  to  which  it  adheres  with  some  degree 
of  force;  sends  a  membranous  sheath,  which  sur- 
rounds the  spermatic  cord ;  and  is  continuous 
with  the  dartos,  which  it  assists  in  forming.  The 
fascia  superficialis  presents,  beneath  the  crural 
arch,  very  distinct  fibres,  whose  direction  is  pa- 
rallel to  the  fold  of  the  thigh.  It  is  applied  over 
the  fascia  lata  aponeurosis,  and  is  attached,  inter- 
nally, to  the  ascending  ramus  of  the  ischium,  near 
the  root  of  the  corpus  cavernosum.  Before  the 
descent  of  the  testicle  from  the  abdomen,  the 
fascia  superficialis  is  very  manifestly  continuous 
with  the  Gubernaculum  testis. 

Fascia  Tformis,  T  bandage — f.  Tortilis,  Tour- 
niquet. 

Fascia  Trajtsversa'lis,  F.  Cooperi.  An  apo- 
neurosis, which  separates  the  transversalis  mus- 
cle from  the  peritoneum  in  the  inguinal  region. 
It  arises  above  the  posterior  edge  of  the  crural 
arch,  where  it  seems  to  be  continuous  with  the 
aponeurosis  of  the  greater  oblique  muscle.  Above, 
it  is  lost  in  the  areolar  tissue  at  the  internal  sur- 
face of  the  transversalis  abdominis.  Within,  it  is 
continuous  with  the  outer  edge  of  the  tendon  of 
the  rectus  muscle  and  Gimbernat's  ligament;  be- 
low, it  is  continuous  with  the  aponeurosis  of  the 
greater  oblique,  and  receives  an  expansion  from 
the  Fascia  Iliaca.  Towards  its  middle  and  a  little 
above  the  crural  arch,  the  fascia  transversalis  has 
the  wide  orifice  of  a  canal,  which  is  occupied,  in 
the  female,  by  the  round  ligament  of  the  uterus; 
and,  in  man,  furnishes  an  expansion,  that  serves 
as  a  sheath  to  the  spermatic  vessels. 

FASCIA,  Swathing  clothes — f.  Ligamentosse 
Coli,  see  Colon. 

FASCIALIS,  Fascia  lata  muscle,  Sartorius — f. 
Longus,  Sartorius — f.  Sutorius,  Sartorius. 

FASCIARUM  APPLICATIO,  Deligation. 

FASCIATIO,  Deligation,  see  Bandage— f.  Cu- 
CuUata,  Couvreehef. 

FASCICULI  INNOMINA'TI.  Two  large 
bundles  of  fibres  in  the  interior  of  the  medulla 
oblongata,  behind  the  corpora  olivaria,  and  more 
or  less  apparent  between  those  bodies  and  the 
corpora  restiformia.  They  ascend,  and  become 
apparent  in  the  fourth  ventricle,  under  the  name 
Fascic'uli  seu  Proces'sua  ter'etes. 

Fasciculi,  Median  Posterior,  of  the  Me- 
dulla Oblongata,  Funiculi  graciles — f.  Muscu- 
lorum, see  Muscular  fibre — f.  Pyramidales,  Fer- 
rein,  pyramids  of — f.  Teretes,  Processus  teretes, 
see  Fasciculi  innominati — f.  Teretes  Cordis,  Co- 
lumns earnese. 

FASCICULUS,  Phacel'lua,  Pha'celua,  Faa'- 
ciele,  from  /asci's,  'a  bundle;'  Desme'dion,  'a 
small  bundle.'  In  Anatomy,  it  is  employed  in 
this  sense:  as  "  a  fasciculus  of  fibres."  (F.)  Fais- 
ce.au  ou  Petit  Fuisceau,  Trousseau.  In  Phar- 
macy, it  means  manip'nlus,  Cheirople'thea,  x^'P"- 
vXri&tis,  'a  handful:' — Musa  Brassavolus  says, — 
as  much  as  can  be  held  in  two  fingers. 


Fasciculus  Cuneatus,  Reinforcement,  fascicu- 
lus of — f.  of  Reinforcement,  Reinforcement,  F.  of. 

FASCINOSUS,  Membrosus. 

FASCINUM,  Penis. 

FASCIOLA,  Bandelette—f.  Cinerea,  Tubercu- 
lum  cinereum — f.  Hepatica,  Distoma  hepaticum 
— f.  Humana,  Distoma  hepaticum — f.  Lauceolata, 
Distoma  hepaticum. 

FASELUS,  Phaseolus  vulgaris. 

FASTID'IUM,  abridged  from  fatis  tadium. 
Fastidiousness,  Squeamishness,  or  the  condition 
of  a  stomach  that  is  readily  affected  with  nausea. 

Fastidium  Cibi,  Asitia,  Disgust. 

FASTIGIUM,  Acme. 

FASTING,  from  Sax.  pcEf  ran,  Limo'sis  expera 
protrac'ta,  Anorex'ia  mirab'ilis,  Ine'dia,  Jeju'- 
nium.  Loss  or  want  of  appetite,  without  any 
other  apparent  affection  of  the  stomach;  so  that 
the  system  can  sustain  almost  total  abstinence 
for  a  long  time  without  faintness.  Some  won- 
derful cases  of  this  kind  are  on  record.  See  Ab- 
stinence. 

FAT,  Pingue'do,  Pim'ele,  Piar,  Piei'ron,  Li- 
pos,  Stear,  Adeps,  Sevum,  Sebum,  Corpus  adipo'- 
aum,  Axun'gia,  Fat,  (F.)  Graisse :  from  6.  and 
A.  S.  Fett.  A  soft,  white,  animal  substance; 
inodorous;  insipid;  oily;  inflammable,  easy  to 
melt;  spoiling  in  the  air,  and  becoming  rancid 
by  union  with  oxygen  :  almost  insoluble  in  alco- 
hol; insoluble  in  water;  soluble  in  fixed  oils. 
Fatis  formed  of  the  immediate  principles,  stearin, 
margarin  and  olein,  all  of  which  are  regarded  as 
salts  composed  of  stearic,  margaric  and  oleic 
acids,  and  a  common  base,  to  which,  from  its 
sweetish  taste,  the  name  Glyc"erin  has  been 
given.  To  these  are,  almost  alwaj's,  joined  an 
odorous  and  a  colouring  principle.  Gl3'cerin,  Gly- 
ceri'na,  has  been  introduced  into  the  last  edition 
of  the  Pharmacopoeia  of  the  U.  S.  (ISol),  in  which 
it  is  directed  to  be  prepared  as  follows:  —  Lead 
plaster,  recently  prepared  and  yet  fluid;  boiling 
water,  of  each  a  gallon;  mix  :  stir  briskly  for  15 
minutes ;  allow  it  to  cool  and  pour  off  the  liquid. 
Evaporate  until  it  has  the  s.  g.  1.15,  and  pass 
slowly  through  it  a  current  of  sulpho-hydric  acid 
until  a  black  precipitate  is  no  longer  thrown 
down.  Filter  and  boil  until  the  sulpho-hydric 
acid  is  driven  off,  and  evaporate  the  liquid  until 
it  ceases  to  lose  weight.  Glycerin  is  a  colourless 
or  straw-coloured  syrupy  fluid;  s.  g.  1.25.  It  is 
soluble  in  water  and  in  alcohol,  but  not  in  ether. 
It  is  used  in  the  form  of  lotion,  composed  of  half 
an  ounce  to  ten  fluidounces  of  water,  in  cutaneous 
diseases,  as  psoriasis,  pityriasis,  lepra  and  ichthj^- 
osis.  It  forms  a  kind  of  varnish,  and  might  be 
useful  in  cases  of  burns. 

Fat  is  found  in  a  number  of  animal  tissues,  and 
is  very  abundant  in  the  neighbourhood  of  the 
kidneys  and  in  the  ejDiploon.  It  is  generally  fluid 
in  the  cetacea;  soft,  and  of  a  strong  smell  in  the 
carnivora ;  solid,  and  inodorous  in  the  ruminat- 
ing animal;  white,  and  abundant  in  young  ani- 
mals; and  yellowish  in  old.  It  generally  forma 
about  a  twentieth  part  of  the  weight  of  the  human 
body.  The  fat,  considered  phj-siologically,  has, 
for  its  function,  to  protect  the  organs ;  maintain 
their  temperature ;  and  to  serve  for  c.utrition  in 
case  of  need  ;  as  is  observed  in  torpid  animals. 

Fat,  Corpulent — f.  Cells,  Fatty  vesicles — £ 
Mackaw,  see  Cocos  butyracea. 

FATIGATIO,  Copos. 

FATIGUE,  Copos. 

FATTY,  Adipo'sus,  Adipa'tus,  Pimel'iciis,  Pi- 
melo'des.  Sax.  paet;  past  participle  ofpeban,  to 
feed,  Ad'ipous,  Pinguid,  Pingvid'inovs.  Rela- 
ting to  fat.  Resembling  or  containing  fat.  The 
cellular  membrane  has  been  called /affy  or  adi- 
poua;  from  an  opinion  that,  in  its  areolee,  the  fat  \i 


FATUITAS 


564 


PEBRIS 


deposited.  The  areolar  memlDrane,  however, 
merely  lodges,  between  its  lamelliB  and  filaments, 
the  vesicles  in  which  the  fat  is  contained. 

Fatty  Lig'ament,  Ad'ipous  ligament.  This 
name  has  been  given  to  a  reflection  of  the  syno- 
vial membrane  of  the  knee  joint,  which  passes 
from  the  ligamentum  patellae  towards  the  cavity 
that  separates  the  condyles  of  the  femur. 

Fatty  Membrane,  Adipous  memhrane,  Adi- 
poiis  tissue.  The  subcutaneous  areolar  tissue,  or 
that  containing  the  fatty  or  adipous  vesicles. 

Fatty  Ves'icles,  Adipous  vesicles,  Sac'cnli 
adipo'si,  Fat  cells.  This  name  is  given  to  small 
bursEe  or  membranous  vesicles  which  enclose  the 
fat,  and  are  found  situate  in  the  areolae  of  the 
areolar  tissue.  These  vesicles  vary  much  in 
size.  Generally,  they  are  round  and  globular  ; 
and,  in  certain  subjects,  receive  vessels  which  are 
very  apparent.  They  form  so  many  small  sacs 
without  apertures,  in  the  interior  of  which  are 
filaments  arranged  lilce  septa.  In  fatty  subjects, 
the  adipous  vesicles  are  very  perceptible,  being 
attached  to  the  areolar  tissue  and  neighbouring 
parts  by  a  vascular  pedicle.  Raspail  affirms  that 
there  is  the  most  striking  analogy  between  the 
nature  of  the  adipose  granules  and  that  of  the 
amylaceous  grains. 

Fatty  Vessels,  Adipous  vessels.  The  vessels 
connected  with  the  fat.  Some  anatomists  have 
called  Adipous  canals,  (F.)  Conduits  adipeux,  the 
vessels  to  which  they  attribute  the  secretion  of  fat. 
Fatty  Degeneration  of  the  Liver,  Adiposis 
hepatica — f.  Liver,  Adiposis  hepatica. 

FATU'ITAS,  Moro'sis,  Stultif'ia,  Stupor  men- 
tis. Amen' tia ;    {rom  fatuus,   'foolish.'      Mental 
imbecility.     Idiotism.     Dementia.     One  affected 
with  fatuity  is  said  to  be  fat' nous. 
FATUOUS,  see  Fatuity. 
FAUCES,  Isthmus,  Pharynx,  Throat. 
FAUCETTE  VOICE,  see  Voice. 
FAUNO'RUM  LUDIB'RIA.     The  sports  of 
the  Fauni.     Some  authors  have  called  thus  the 
incubus ;  others,  epilepsy. 
FAUSSE,  False. 

FAUSSE  COUGHE{¥.),  Vanum  partu'rium. 
Some  authors  have  used  this  term  for  the  expul- 
sion of  different  bodies  constituting  false  concep- 
tions ;  such  as  moles,  hydatids,  clots  of  blood, 
Ac.  Most  accoucheurs  use  the  term  synony- 
mouslv  with  abortion, 

FAUSSE  POSITION  (F.),  False  position. 
The  French  use  this  term,  in  vulgar  language,  to 
indicate  any  attitude  in  which  torpor,  tingling, 
and  loss  of  power  over  the  motion  of  a  part,  are 
produced  by  too  strong  contraction  or  painful 
compression. 

FAUSSE  ROUTE,  False  passage. 
FAUSTI'NI  PASTIL'LI,   Faustinm's   Lo- 
zenges.    These  were  once  celebrated.    They  were 
composed  of  bu7-nt  paper,  auiclelime,  oxide  of  ar- 
senic, sandarach,  lentiL,  &c. 

FA  UX,  False  — /.  du  Oervean,  Falx  cerebri  — 
/.  du  Cervelet,  Falx  cerebelli — f.  Grande  du  pe- 
ritoine,  Falx,  great,  of  the  peritoneum — f.  Petite 
du  peritoine,  Falx,  lesser,  of  the  peritoneum — f 
de  la  Veine  ombilicale,  Falx,  great,  of  the  perito- 
neum. 

FA  VEUX,  Favosus. 
FAVIFORMIS,  Favosus. 
FAVO'SUS.  Similar  to  a  honeycomb.  Favi- 
form'is,  Favous,  from  favue,  cerion,  '  a  honey- 
comb.' (F.)  Faveux.  An  epithet  given  to  a  spe- 
cies of  porrigo.  Cerion,  Favus  ,•  means  also  a 
state  of  ulceration,  resembling  a  honeycomb. 

FA'VULUS  ;  diminutive  of  favus,  '  a  honey- 
comb.' Favuli  is  used  by  Dr.  Morton,  of  Phila- 
delphia, for  the  honeycomb-like  depressions  in  the 
lining  membrane  of  the  stomach  —  the  stomach- 
u^Ua  of  Messrs.  Todd  and  Bowmaa. 


FAVUS,  Porrigo,  Porrigo  favosa,  see  Favosus. 

FEATHERFEW,  Matricaria. 

FEBRICITANS,  Feh'riens,  Enip'yros.  One 
attacked  with  fever ;  from  fehricitare,  '  to  have  a 
fever.' 

FEBRICITATIO,  Feverishness. 

FEBRIOOSUS,  Feverish. 

FEBRIC'ULA,  Fe'veret.  Diminutive  of  fe- 
hris,  'fever.'  A  term  employed  to  express  a 
slight  degree  of  fever.     Ephemera. 

FEBRICULOSITY,  Feverishness. 

FEBRIENS,  Febricitans,  Feverish. 

FEBRIFACIENT,  see  Feverish. 

PEBRIF'EROUS,  Feh'rifer,  from  fehris,  'fe- 
ver,' and  fero,  'I  carry.'  Fever-bearing,  as  a 
fehriferous  locality. 

FEBRIFIC,  see  Feverish. 

FEB'RIFUGE,  Lexiptyret'icus,  Zexipyr'ctits, 
Pyret'ieus,  Alexipyret'icus,  Antifebri'lis,  Antipy- 
ret'ie,  Febrif'ugus,  from  fehris,  '  a  fever,'  and 
fugare,  '  to  drive  away.'  A  medicine  which  pos- 
sesses the  property  of  abating  or  driving  away 
fever. 

FEBRIFUGUM  LIGNUM,  Quassia. 

FE'BRILE,  febri'lis.  Relating  to  fever,  as 
febrile  movement,  febrile  pidse,  &c. 

FEBRIS,  Fever  — f.  Acmastica,  Synocha  — f. 
Acuta,  Synocha — f.  Acuta  continua,  Synocha — f. 
Adeno-meningea,  Fever,  adeno-meningeal  —  f. 
Adeno-nervosa,  Plague — f.  Africana,  Fever,  Afri- 
can— f.  Agrypnodes,  see  Agrypnodes  and  Agryp- 
nos — f.  Alba,  Chlorosis — f.  Algida,  see  Algidus — 
f.  Amatoria,  Chlorosis,  Hectic  fever — f.  Ame- 
ricana, Fever,  yellow — f.  Amphemera,  Quotidian 

—  f.  Amphimerina  hectica.  Hectic  fever — f.  Am- 
phimerina  latica,  Latica  (fehris) — f.  Ampullosa, 
Pemphigus — f.  Anabatica,  Continued  fever — f. 
Angiotenica,  Synocha  —  f.  Anginosa,  Angina 
— f.  Annua,  see  Annual  diseases  —  f.  Anomala, 
Fever,  anomalous — f.  Aphonica,  Fever,  aphonic 

—  f.  Aphthosa,  Aphtha  —  f.  Apoplectica,  Fever, 
apoplectic — f.  Ardens,  Synocha — f.  Arte  promota. 
Fever,  artificial — f.  Arthritica,  Gout — f.  Asodes, 
Fever,  bilious,  see  Asodes — f.  Assidua,  Continued 
fever — f.  Asthenica,  Fever,  asthenic.  Typhus — 
f.  Asthmatica,  Fever,  asthmatic — f.  Ataxo-adyna- 
mica.  Fever,  ataxo-adynamic — f.  Azodes,  see  Aso- 
des— f.  Biliosa,  Fever,  bilious — f.  Bullosa,  Pem- 
phigus—  f.  Cardialgia,  Fever,  cardialgic — f.  Ca- 
tarrhalis.  Catarrh — f.  Catarrhalis  epidemica,  In- 
fluenza—  f.  Caumatodes,  Synocha  —  f.  Causodes, 
Synocha — f.  Cephalalgica,  Fever,  cephalalgic — f. 
Cephalica,  Fever,  cephalic — f.  Cholepyretiea,  Fe- 
ver, bilious  —  f.  Cholerica,  Fever,  bilious.  Fever, 
choleric  —  f.  Chronica,  Fever,  chronic — f.  Coal- 
terna,  see  Coalternae  febres — f.  Colliquativa,  Fe- 
ver, colliquative — f.  Comatodes,  Fever,  apoplec- 
tic—  f.  Communicans,  see  Subintrantes  F.  —  f. 
Confusa,  see  Confusre  febres  —  f.  Continens,  Ty- 
phus—  f.  Continens  non  putrida,  Synocha — f. 
Continens  putrida,  Typhus — f.  Continua  inflam- 
matoria,  Empresma — f.  Continua  putrida,  Syno- 
chus — f.  Continua  putrida  icterodes  Caroliniensis, 
Fever,  yellow — f.  Continua  non  putris,  Synocha 
— f.  Continua  sanguinea,  Synocha — f.  Convulsivn, 
Fever,  convulsive  —  f.  Crymodes,  see  Crymodes, 
and  Algid  fever — f.  Culicularis,  Miliary  fever — f. 
cum  Delirio,  Fever,  delirious  —  f.  Depuratoria, 
Fever,  depuratory — f.  Deurens,  Synocha — f.  Di- 
aphoretica,  Fever,  diaphoretic — f.  Diaria,  Ephe- 
mera—  f.  Duodecimana,  Fever,  duodecimane — f. 
Dysentcrica,  Dysentery — f.  Elodes,  see  Elodes — 
f.  Elodes  icterodes.  Fever,  yellow  —  f.  Enterica, 
see  T.yphus  —  f.  Entcromesenterica,  Entero-me- 
senteric  —  f.  Epacmastica,  see  Epacmnsticos  —  f. 
Ephemera,  Ephemera. — f.  Epidemica  cum  anginS., 
Cynanche  maligna — f.  Epilcptica,  Fever,  epiloptio 
— f.  Erotica,  fever,  erotic — f.  Erratica,  Fever,  ano- 


FEBRUA 


365 


FEE 


malous,  Fever,  erratic,  see  Erratic  and  Planetes 
— f.  Erronea,  see  Planetes — f.  Erysipelaeea,  Ery- 
sipelas— f.  Erysipelatosa,  Erysipelas — f.  Esserosa, 
Miliary  fever  —  f.  Exquisita,  Fever,  regular  —  f, 
Exanthematica  articularis.  Dengue — f.  Famelica, 
see  Famelica  Febris — f.  Flava,  Fever,  yellow — f. 
Flava  Americanorum,  Fever,  yellow — f.  Gangrae- 
nodes.  Fever,  gangrenous — f.  Gastrica,  Fever,  bi- 
lious, Fever,  gastric — f.  Gastrico-biliosa,  Fever, 
gastric — f.  Gastro-adynamica,  Fever,  gastro-ady- 
namic  —  f.  Htemoptoica,  Fever,  hsemoptoic  —  f. 
Hebdomadana,  Octana — f.  Hectica,  Hectic  fever 

—  f.  Hectica  infantum.  Tabes  mesenterica  —  f. 
Hectica  maligna  nervosa.  Typhus  mitior — f.  He- 
meresia,  Quotidian — f.  Hemitrit^a,  Hemitritsea — 
f.  Hepatica,  Fever,  bilious  —  f.  Hepatica  inilam- 
matoria,  Hepatitis — f.  Horrifica,  see  Algidus — f. 
Horrida,  see  Algidus  —  f.  Humoralis,  Fever,  hu- 
moral— f.  Hungarica,  Fever,  Hungaric — f.  Hydro- 
cephalica,  Hydrocephalus  internus  —  f.  Hydro - 
phobica,  Fever,  hydrophobic — f.  Hysteretica,  see 
Postpositio — f.  Hysterica,  Fever,  hysteric — f.  Ic- 
terica,  Fever,  icteric — f.  Iliaca  iuiiammatoria,  En- 
teritis— f.  Infantum  remittens.  Fever,  infantile 
remittent — f.  Inflammatoria,  Synocha — f.  Inten- 
sio,  Epitasis — f.  Intermittens,  Intermittent  fever 

—  f.  Intermittens  cephalica  larvata.  Cephalalgia 
periodica — f.  Intestinalis  ulcerosa,  see  Typhus  — 
f.  Intestinorum,  Enteritis  —  f.  Irregularis,  Fever, 
anomalous — f.  Lactea,  Fever,  milk — f.  Larvata, 
Fever,  masked — f.  Lenta,  Fever,  infantile  remit- 
tent. Hectic  fever,  Synoehus  —  f.  Lenta  nervosa, 
Typhus  mitior.  Fever,  nervous — f.  Lenticularis, 
Miliary  fever — f.  Lethargica,  Fever,  apoplectic — 
f.  Lochialis,  Fever,  lochial  —  f.  Lymodes,  fever, 
singultous  —  f.  Lyngodes,  Fever,  singultous  —  f. 
Maligna,  Fever,  malignant  —  f.  Maligna  biliosa 
Americas,  Fever,  yellow — f.  Maligna  cum  Sopore, 
Typhus — f.  Maligna  flava  Indite  occidentalis, 
Fever,  yellow — f.  Marasmodes,  Hectic  fever,  Ma- 
rasmopyra — f.  Meningo-gastricus,  Fever,  gastric 
— f.  Mesenterica,  Fever,  adeno-meningeal.  Fever, 
mesenteric — f.  Methemerina,  Quotidian — f.  Mili- 
aris,  Miliary  fever — f.  Blinuta,  Fever,  syncopal — 
f.  Morbillosa,  Rubeola — f.  Mucosa,  Fever,  adeno- 
meningeal — f.  Mucosa  Verminosa,  Fever,  infan- 
tile remittent  —  f.  Nautica  pestilentialis,  Tj'phus 
gravior — f;  Nephritica,  Fever,  nephritic — f.  Ner- 
vosa, Fever,  nervous — f.  Nervosa  epidemica,  Ty- 
I)hus — f.  Nervosa  enterica,  see  Typhus — f.  Ner- 
vosa exanthematica,  Tj'phus  —  f.  Nervosa  gas- 
trica, see  Typhus  —  f.  Nervosa  mesenterica,  see 
Typhus — f.  Nervosa  petechialis.  Typhus — f.  Neu- 
rodes,  Fever,  nervous — f.  Nocturnus,  see  Noctur- 
nal— f.  Nonana,  Fever,  nonane  —  f.  Nosocomio- 
rum.  Typhus  gravior — f.  Nycterinus,  see  Noctur- 
nal— f.  Octana,  Fever  octane — f.  Oscitans,  Osci- 
tant  fever — f.  Paludosa,  see  Elodes  —  f.  Pan- 
ronica.  Fever,  Hungary  —  f.  Pemphingodes, 
Pemphigus  —  f.  Pemphygodes,  Pemphigus  —  f. 
Pempta,  Quintan — f.  Periodica,  Fever,  periodic 

—  f.  Perniciosa,  Fever,  pernicious  —  f.  Pestilens, 
Plague — f.   Pestilens   maligna,   Typhus  gravior 

—  f  Pestilentialis,  Fever,  pestilential  —  f.  Pesti- 
lentialis Europse,  Ts'phus  gravior — f.  Petechialis, 
Typhus  gravior — f.  Phthisica,  Hectic  fever — f. 
Planetes,  see  Planetes — f.  Pleuritica,  Pleuritis — f. 
Podagrica,  Gout — f.  Polycholica,  Fever,  bilious — 
f.  Pneumonica,  Fever,  pneumonic,  Pneumonia — 
f.  Puerpevalis  biliosa,  Metrocholosis — f.  Puerpe- 
rarum,  Puerperal  fever — f.  Punctieularis,  Mili- 
ary fever,  Tj"phus  gravior — f.  Puerperalis,  Fever, 
puerperal  —  f.  Purpurate  rubra  et  alba  miliaris. 
Miliary  fever — f.  Purulenta,  Fever,  purulent  —  f. 
Putrida,  Typhus  gravior — f.  Putrida  nervosa. 
Typhus  mitior — f.  Quartana,  Quartan — f.  Quer- 
quera,  see  Algidus — f.  Quinta,  Quintan — f.  Quin- 
tana,  Fever,  quintan,  Quintan  —  f.  Quotidiana, 
Fever,  quotidian.  Quotidian — ^f.  Regularis.  Fever, 


regular — f.  Remittens,  Remittent  fever — f.  Re- 
mittens infantum.  Fever,  infantile  remittent — f. 
Rheumatica  inflammatoria.  Rheumatism,  acute — 
f.  Rubra,  Scarlatina — f.  Rubra  pruriginosa.  Urti- 
caria— f.  Sanguinea,  Synocha — f.  Sapropyra,  Ty- 
phus gravior  —  f.  Scarlatinosa,  Scarlatina — f. 
Scorbutica,  Fever,  scorbutic  —  f.  Semitertianii, 
Hemitritsea — f.  Septana,  Fever,  septan — f.  Ses- 
quialtera,  Hemitritsea — f.  Sextana,  Fever,  sextan 
— f.  Simplex,  Ephemera,  Fever,  simple  —  f.  Sin- 
gultosa.  Fever,  singultous  —  f.  Soporosa,  Fever, 
apoplectic  —  f.  Stercoralis,  Fever,  stercoral  —  f. 
Sthenica,  Synocha — f.  Stomachica  inflammato- 
ria. Gastritis — f.  Subintrans,  Fever,  subintrant — • 
f.  Sudatoria,  Fever,  diaphoretic,  Hydropyretus, 
Sudor  anglicus — f.  Syncopalis,  Fever,  syncopal — 
f.  Syphilitica,  Fever,  syphilitic — f.  Tabida,  Fever, 
colliquative.  Hectic  fever  —  f.  Tertiana,  Fever, 
tertian.  Tertian  fever — f.  Tonica,  Synocha — f. 
Topica,  Neuralgia,  facial — f.  Toxica,  Fever,  yel- 
low—  f.  Tragica,  Fever,  tragic  —  f.  Traumatica, 
Fever,  traumatic — f.  Tropica,  Fever,  yellow — f. 
Typhodes,  Typhus — f.  Urticata,  Urticaria — f.  Ute- 
rina.  Metritis — f.  Vaga,  Fever,  anomalous,  see 
Planetes — f.  Variolosa,  Variola — f.  Verminosa, 
Fever,  infantile  remittent,  F.  verminous,  Helmin- 
thopyra — f.  Vernalis,  Fever,  vernal — f.  Vesicu- 
laris.  Miliary  Fever,  Pemphigus — f.  Virgin um. 
Chlorosis. 

FEB'RUA ;  from  februo,  '  I  purge.'  In  an- 
cient mythology,  a  goddess  who  presided  over 
menstruation. 

FECAL,  Stercoraceous. 

FECES,  Faeces. 

FEOONBATION,  Fecundation. 

FECONDITE,  Fecundity. 

FEC'ULA,  Fm'cula,  diminutive  of  fax,  'lee.' 
An  immediate  principle  of  vegetables,  composed 
of  hydrogen,  oxygen,  and  carbon.  It  exists  in 
several  plants,  and  has  different  names,  accord- 
ing to  that  which  furnishes  it.  When  extracted 
from  wheat  or  barley,  it  is  called  starch,  Am'y- 
Inm.  When  from  Cycaa  cireina'Us,  Sago  ;- — from 
Orchis  mo'rio,  Salep.  We  say,  also,  Fecula  of 
the  Potato,  Bryony,  Arum,  Manioc,  &c. 

Fecula,  Green.  This  name  is  given  to  a  green, 
solid  matter,  of  variable  character,  which  is  be- 
lieved to  be  resinous,  and  which  renders  turbii' 
several  kinds  of  juices,  extracted  from  vegetables. 
It  is,  also,  called  Chlorojihyll. 

Fecola  Amylacea,  Amylum  —  f.  Marantse, 
Arrow-root — f.  Tapioka,  see  Jatropha  manihot. 

FECULENCE,  Faciden'tia,  Faeos'itas,  Fax, 
Lemma,  Fa'ccs,  Lee,  Deposit,  Dregs.  In  Phar- 
macy, feculent,  albuminous,  or  other  substances, 
which  ai-e  deposited  from  turbid  fluids. 

FECULENT,  Fmculen'tns,  Hypot'rygns,  Try- 
go'des.  '  Foul,  dreggy,  exerementitious ;'  as  a 
feculent  fluid,  feculent  evacuations,  &c. 

FECUND,  Fecun'dus,  FcBcun'dus,  (F.)  Fecovd. 
Same  etymon  as  the  next.     Fruitful,  Prolific. 

FECUNDA'TION,  Fcecunda'tio,  Impregna'- 
tion,  Imprcsgna'tio,  Ingravida'tio,  PrcBQua'tio, 
Gravida'tio,  PrcBgna'tus,  Fructificu'tio,  Cye'sis, 
Encye'sis,  Encymo'sia,  Procrea' tion,  (F.)  Fecon- 
dation.  The  act  by  which,  in  organized  beings, 
the  material  furnished  by  the  generative  organs 
of  the  female,  unites  with  that  prepared  by  those 
of  the  male,  so  that  a  new  being  results. 

FECUN'DITY,  Eutoc'ia,  Fcecun'ditas,  Pro- 
ductiv'itas,  (F.)  Fecondite.  The  faculty  of  repro- 
duction, possessed  by  organized  bodies. 

It  has  been  estimated  that  throughout  a  coun- 
try, taking  one  marriage  with  another,  not  more 
than  4  children  are  the  result;  and  in  towns  onjy 
35  children  to  10  marriages. 

FEE,  Sostru-m. 


FEET 


366 


FEIGNED  DISEASES 


FEET,  BURNING  OF  THE.  A  singular  ca- 
chectic disease,  described  by  Mr.  Malcolmson  as 
occurring  in  India,  the  prominent  symptom  of 
which  was  a  sense  of  burning  in  the  feet. 

FEGAKITE,  Cancer  aquaticus,  Stomatitis, 
pseudo-membranous. 

FEIGNED  DISEASES,  MorU  dissimula'ti 
seu  Simula' ti  seu  cela'ti  seu  infitia'ti  sen  pseuda' - 
lei,    Sim'ulated     diseases,    Pretend' ed    diseases. 


(F.)  Maladies  dissimidees,  3f.  shmdees,  M.  feintet, 
3t.  stqipoeees.  The  tricks  employed,  by  impos- 
tors, to  induce  a  belief  that  they  are  attacked 
with  diseases,  when  they  are  not.  These  are  ge- 
nerally assumed  by  beggars  to  obtain  alms  ;  by 
criminals  to  escape  punishment;  and  by  soldiers 
to  be  exempt  from  duty. 

The  following  table  exhibits  the  chief  feigned 
diseases,  with  the  means  of  detection. 


A  TABLE  OF  FEIGNED,  PRETENDED,  SIMULATED,  OR  EXCITED  DISEASES  OR 

DISQUALIFICATIONS. 


Diseases,  &c. 


How  Feigned. 


How  Detected. 


1.  Abortion. 

2.  Abstinence. 


3.  Amaurotic 
Blindness. 


4.  Apoplexy, 


5.  Cachexia,  Ane- 
mia, AND  Debility. 

6.  Excretion    op 

Calculi. 

7.  Cancerous  Ul- 

cer. 


8.  Catalepsy. 


9.  Chorea. 


10.  Contraction  of 
Joints  in  Gene- 
ral 


11.  Contraction   of 
the  Fingers. 


12.  CONTULSIONS. 


13.  Opake  Cornea. 


14.  Cutaneous  Dis- 
eases 


By  staining  the  clothes  and  body 
with  borrowed  blood. 


By  applying  the  extract  of  bella- 
donna or  datura  stramonium  to 
the  eye. 

By  falling  down  as  if  deprived  of 
sensation  and  consciousness. 

Using  substances  to  make  the  face 
appear  pale  and  livid.  Indulging 
freely  in  wine,  and  privation  of 
sleep  prior  to  examination. 

Putting  sand,  pebbles,  &c.,  into  the 
urine. 

By  gluing  on  a  portion  of  a  spleen 
with  the  smooth  side  to  the  skin, 
leaving  on  the  outside  the  ap- 
pearance of  an  ulcerated  surface. 

By  seeming  to  he  suddenly  motion- 
less, the  joints  remaining  flexible, 
and  external  objects  making  no 
impression. 

By  assuming  the  convulsive  motions 
of  a  part  which  characterize  cho- 
rea. 


Produced  by  the  application  of  a 
strong  acid,  by  acrid  powders,  as 
quicklime,  &c. 

Some  articles  of  diet  will  bring  on 
urticaria  or  nettle-rash,  in  parti- 
cular individuals,  as  shell-fish, 
bitter  almonds,  <fec.  By  acrids, 
acids,  or  any  irritants  applied  to 
the  surface.  An  ointment  of  tar- 
tarized  antimony  causes  a  painful 
pustular  eruption.  See  Porrigo, 
in  this  list. 


By  constant  and  minute  attention. 

Amaurosis  is  characterized  by  dila- 
ted pupil.  Where  these  sub- 
stances have  been  applied,  the 
effects  will  go  off  in  ten  days  or  a 
fortnight. 

By  powerful  stimulants;  an  electric 
shock ;  application  of  hot  water, 
sternutatories,  actual  cautery,  <te. 

By  examining  if  the  pulse  be  strong, 
and  the  skin  hot,  and  whether 
there  be  loss  of  appetite  or  of 
strength,  or  swelling  of  the  limbs. 

By  the  aid  of  chymistry.  AYe  are 
acquainted  with  the  chymical 
composition  of  urinary  calculi. 

By  noticing  whether  there  be  signs 
of  cachexia,  and  by  attentive  ex- 
amination of  the  part. 

By  powerful  stimulants,  as  recom- 
mended under  apoplexy.  Letting 
fall  a  drop  of  boiling  water  on  the 
back.  Proposing  to  use  the  ac- 
tual cautery,  and  seeing  whether 
the  pulse  rises. 

By  examining  the  patient  whilst  he 
may  imagine  himself  unobserved, 
and  seeing  whether  the  convul- 
sive motions  go  on.  By  anass- 
thetics.  ^?) 

Mode  of  discrimination  sometimes 
so  obscure  as  to  deceive  the  most 
practised  and  attentive. 

Introduce  a  cord  between  the  fin- 
gers and  the  palm  of  the  hand, 
and  gradually  apply  weights  so 
as  to  expand  the  fingers.  Confine 
him  so  that  he  cannot  obtain  bis 
food  without  using  his  clenched 
hand. 

When  feigned,  they  do  not  present 
the  rigidity  of  muscles  or  the  ra- 
pidity of  action  which  characte- 
rize the  real.  The  mode  of  de- 
tection must  be  the  same  as  in 
epilepsy. 

The  existence  of  the  opacity  can  be 
detected  by  attentive  observation. 


By  careful  examination  on  the  part 
of  practitioner  and  nurse. 


PEIGNED  DISEASES 


367 


PEIGNED  DISEASES 


Diseases,  &c. 


How  Feigned. 


How  Detected. 


15.Deap-Dumbness. 


16.  Deafness. 


17.  Death. 

18.  Debilitt,    see 
Cachexia. 

19.  Deformity. 


20.  Delivekt. 


21.  DiAERHCEA. 


22.  Dropsy. 


23.  Dysentery. 


24.  Epilepsy. 


25.  Fbvek. 


26.  Fistula  in  Ano, 


27.  Fractures. 


It  may  be  assumed  or  excited  by 
putting  a  pea  in  the  ear,  or  by 
inserting  irritants,  so  as  to  induce 
inflammation  and  temporary  loss 
of  function. 


Some  persons  possess  the  power  of 
suspending  or  moderating  the  ac- 
tion of  the  heart. 


After  enlargement  produced  artifi- 
cially, a  subsidence  of  the  tume- 
faction ;  the  parts  being  moisten- 
ed by  borrowed  blood,  and  the 
child  of  another  substituted  as 
the  female's  own. 


Said  to  have  been  caused  by  a  mix- 
ture of  vinegar  and  burnt  cork.  (?) 
May  be  occasioned  by  the  use  of 
any  of  the  purgative  roots,  <tc. 


May  be  feigned,  like  pregnancy,  by 
wearing  pads.  The  anasareous 
condition  of  the  lower  limbs  has 
been  caused  by  applying  a  liga- 
ture round  them.  By  inflating 
the  cellular  membrane  of  the  ab- 
domen. 

May  be  feigned,  like  diarrhoea,  by 
adding  a  little  blood  to  the  eva- 
cuations, or  by  introducing  a  soap 
or  some  more  irritating  supposi- 
tory. 

The  foaming  of  the  mouth  has  been 
produced  by  keeping  a  piece  of 
soap  in  it. 


By  various  stimulants,  as  wine, 
brandy,  pepper;  swallowing  a 
small  quantity  of  tobacco,  or  in- 
troducing it  into  the  anus.  Flour 
or  chalk  used  to  whiten  the 
tongue.  Redness  of  skin,  caused 
by  friction  with  a  hard  brush. 

By  making  an  incision  near  the 
verge  of  the  anus,  and  introducing 
into  it  an  acrid  tent,  such  as  the 
root  of  white  hellebore,  &c. 

There  is  generally  nothing  but  the 
man's  own  testimony.  He  com- 
plains of  pain  in  the  part ;  if  frac- 
ture of  the  skull  be  feigned,  he 
states,  perhaps,  that  he  becomes 
deranged  on  tasting  liquor. 


The  really  deaf  and  dumb  acquire 
an  expression  of  countenance  and 
gestures  which  it  is  difiicult  to 
assume. 

Make  a  noise  when  not  expected, 
and  see  if  the  countenance  varies 
or  pulse  rises.  Put  to  "sleep  by 
opium,  and  then  fire  a  pistol  close 
to  the  ear,  when  he  may  be 
thrown  off  his  guard.  Examine 
the  ear  to  see  if  any  trick  has 
been  played  there. 

If  suspected,  the  plan  recommended 
under  apoplexy  will  be  found 
most  ef&cacious. 


Examine  the  part  and  its  articula- 
tion, naked,  and  compare  it  with 
the  opposite. 

Can  only  be  positively  detected  by 
examination  par  vaginam.  Soon 
after  delivery,  the  vagina  will  be 
relaxed  and  the  loehial  discharge 
be  flowing  in  greater  abundance, 
the  shorter  the  time  that  may 
have  elapsed  since  delivery. 

When  diarrhoea  is  feigned  by  the! 
lower  classes,  inspect  the  linen  ;  1 
if  clean,  the  bowels  are  probably 
not  much  out  of  order.  Let  every 
individual  have  a  close  stool  of  j 
his  own ;  and  inspect  the  evacua-  j 
tions,  taking  care  that  one  sufier 
ing  under  the  disease  does  not 
lend  his  evacuations  to  another. 

Can  be  detected  by  attentive  exa- 
mination. There  will  be  a  want 
of  that  leueophlegmatic  habit 
which  accompanies  and  charac- 
terizes dropsy. 


Same  rules  as  under  diarrhoea. 


Sensation  in  epilepsy  is  totally  abo- 
lished. If  any  remain,  disease 
probably  feigned.  Incontractility 
of  pupil,  which  occurs  in  epilepsj', 
cannot  be  feigned.  Same  means 
to  be  used  as  in  feigned  apoplexy. 

This  deceit  is  generally  developeii 
by  a  day  or  two's  examination. 
Where  flour  or  chalk  has  been 
used  to  whiten  the  tongue,  the 
line  of  demarcation  between  the 
whitened  part  and  the  clean, 
healthy  margin  of  the  tongue,  is 
too  well  marked  to  escape  obser- 
vation. 


By  careful  examination. 


By  attentive  examination. 


FEIGNED  DISEASES 


368 


FEIGNED  DISEASES 


Diseases,  &c. 


How  Feigned. 


How  Detected. 


28.  H^MATEMESIS. 


29.  HEMOPTYSIS. 


30.  HjEirORRHOIDS. 

31.  Heart,Diseases  ' 
pF,  see   Palpita- 


32.  Hepatitis. 


33.  Hernia. 

34.  Hydrocele. 


35.  Hydrocepha- 
lus. 


Hysteria. 


37.  Insanity. 


By  cutting  off  the  supply  of  the  fluid 
and  careful  examination. 


By  drinking  the  blood  of  some  anl 

mal,  or  using  some  coloured  H 

quid,  and  then  throwing  it  up. 
By  secreting  bullock's  blood  for  the   T  ^^^^^  f^^^  ^j^^  ^  j^  ^^^^^    ^^^ 

purpose  of  colourmg_  the  sahya;  light-coloured.  Mouth  and  fauces 


making    small    incisions   in   the 

mouth ;  using  bole  armeniac  or 

paint  of  vermilion. 
By  introducing  bladders  of  rats  or  of 

small  fish  partly  into  the  rectum. 
The   linen   has   also   been   stained 

with  borrowed  blood. 


In  the  same  manner  as  hydrocele; 
—  by  inflation. 

By  puncturing  the  skin  of  the  scro- 
tum, and  inflating  the  cellular 
membrane. 

By  opening  the  integuments  of  the 
head,  near  the  vertex,  e.  g.  and 
blowing  in  air. 


38.  Jaundice. 


39.  Lameness. 


40.  Menstruation. 


41.  Myopia. 

Short-Si  f/htedneea. 


42.  Ophthalmia. 


By  colouring  the  skin  with  an  infu- 
sion of  turmeric  or  tincture  of 
rhubarb.  Clay -coloured  sfooh  pro- 
duced by  taking  daily  a  small  - 
quantity  of  muriatic  acid.  Hic/h- 
coloured  urine  by  rhubarb  taken 
internally. 

By  keeping  the  limb  in  a  contracted 

state,  and  resisting  any  efforts  to  - 
move  it. 

By  staining  the  clothes  and  body 
with  borrowed  blood. 


light- 
must  be  carefully  inspected,  and 
the  individual  be  observed. 


-!   The  means  are  obvious. 


Unless  the  person  be  awell-edueated 
impostor,  acute  inflammation  of 
the  liver  will  be  detected  by  the 
absence  of  marks  of  strong  in- 
flammatory action.  Chronic  licer 
disease  is,  frequently,  not  charac- 
terized by  well-marked  symp- 
toms, and  hence,  when  assumed, 
is  diflicult  of  detection. 

The  detection  is  easy. 
Do. 


Do. 

Does  not  easily  resist  the  applica- 
tion of  strong  sternutatories  to 
the  nostrils.  Attentive  examina- 
tion necessary. 

The  expression  of  countenance  can- 
not easily  be  feigned.  Nor  can 
the  affection  be  kept  up  so  long 
as  in  real  mental  alienation.  The 
individual  cannot  do  so  long  with- 
out food,  sleep,  <tc. 

The  eyes  cannot  be  coloured,  al- 
though smoke  has  been  used  for 
this  purpose.  The  skin  must  be 
washed  to  remove  the  colouring 
matter  if  any  exist,  and  the  sup- 
ply of  acid  and  rhubarb  be  pre- 
vented. 

By  two  persons  taking  hold  of  the 
individual  and  moving  rapidly 
along  with  him  ;  and  when  they 
are  tired,  having  relays.  The 
impostor  will  generally  give  in. 


j  13.  Ozena. 


Excited  by  a  variety  of  acrid  and 
corrosive  substances  applied  to 
the  eye  J  as  lime,  &c. 

A  portion  of  black  muslin,  spread 
over  the  cornea.  The  eyelashes 
are  sometimes  extracted,  and 
caustic  applied  to  excite  disease 
in  the  palpebrse. 

By  impregnating  a  piece  of  spong'e 
with  some  offensive  juices  or  oils, 
mixed  with  decayed  cheese,  and 
putting  the  imbued  sponge  into 
the  nostrils. 


By  cutting  off  the  supply. 

Present  an  open  book,  and  apply 
the  leaves  close  to  the  nose.  If 
it  cannot  be  read  distinctlj',  when 
thus  placed,  or  when  glasses 
proper  for  short-sightedness  are 
used,  the  disease  is  feigned. 


"When  ophthalmia  is  thus  excited, 
its  progress  is  ordinarily  very 
rapid,  arriving  at  its  height  within 
a  few  hours. 


FEIGNED  DISEASES 


3G9 


FEIGNED  DISEASES 


Diseases,  &c. 


How  Feigned. 


How  Detected. 


44.  Palpitation?. 


45.  Pains. 


46.  Shaking  Palsv. 


47.  Pahaltsis. 


48.   Phthisis    Pul- 

MONALIS. 


49.  Polypus  Nasi. 


50.  PORRTGO. 

Scalled  Head. 


51.  Pregnancy. 

52.  Prolapsus  Ani. 

53.  Prolapsus  Ute- 
ri. 

54.  Pulse,  Weak- 
ness OR  Defect 
of. 

55.  Chhonic  Rheu- 
matism. 

See  Pain. 

56.  Scrofula. 


57.  Scurvy. 


r  AVhite  hellebore,  given  in  the  dose 
J  of  10  or  12  grains,  and  repeated, 
will  occasion  general  indisposi- 
tion, and  undue  action  of  the  heart. 


Individuals  with  long  necks  and 
contracted  shoulders  have  simu- 
lated phthisis,  by  covering  the 
chest  with  blisters,  cicatrices  of 
issues,  &c.,  and  by  taking  drugs 
which  cause  paleness. 

By  introducing  the  testicle  of  a 
young  cock,  or  the  kidney  of  a 
rabbit,  into  the  nostril,  and  re- 
taining it  there  by  means  of  a 
sponge  fastened  to  it. 

By  applying  nitric  acid  to  the  head, 
after  protecting  the  face  with 
fatty  substances  ;  but  the  chronic 
state  is  imitated  by  the  use  of 
depilatories  of  different  kinds  ap- 
plied sometimes  in  patches,  so 
as  to  resemble  the  PorrUjo  de- 
calvans. 

By  wearing  pads,  and  assuming  the 
longing  after  particular  articles 
of  diet,  &e. 

By  aportion  of  the  intestine  of  the  ox, 
in  which  a  sponge  filled  with  a 
mixture  of  blood  and  milk  is  placed. 


]   By  a  similar  fraud. 


53.  Stammering. 


By  ligatures  applied  to  the  corre- 
sponding arm. 


By  exciting  ulcers  below  the  angles 
of  the  jaw. 

By  covering  the  teeth  with  wax, 
and  then  applying  acid,  corrosive 
substances  to  the  gums. 


Cut  off  the  supply. 

The  detection  is  here  often  difBcult. 
The  non-existence  of  pain  cannot 
be  proved,  and  great  pain  may  be 
present  without  any  appearance 
externally. 
I  The  imposition  is  more  frequently 
detected  by  inconsistencies  and 
contradictions  in  the  patient's 
history  of  the  case,  than  in  any 
other  manner. 

May  be  suspected,  if  the  person  be 
in  an  ordinary  state  of  vigour. 
Try  violent  remedies  and  means, 
recommended  under  Chorea. 

Violent  remedies  are  here  required. 
Cold  affusion,  actual  cautery, 
electric  shocks,  &c. 


By  attentive  examination   of  the 
symptoms. 


By  the  absence  of  the  areola ;  the 
presence  of  a  pad ;  and,  if  neces- 
sary, by  examination ^Jerra^rtwajH. 


By  examining  whether  the  arteries 
of  the  two  arms  beat  alike ;  and 
if  a  ligature  be  placed  on  the  arm. 


By  examining  the  general  habit, 
and  observing  whether  the  ulce- 
rations be  glandular,  and  the  dis- 
charge of  a  scrofulous  charaoter. 

By  examining  the  general  habit; 
whether  debilitated,  cachectic, 
and  possessing  the  usual  general 
signs  of  scorbutus. 

Simulators  of  this  defect  generally 
state,  that  it  is  connate,  or  ascribe 
it  to  a  fit  of  apoplexy  or  severe 
fever.      "Where    the    organs    of  I 
speech  were  perfect,  and  the  mo- 
ral evidence  of  the  previous  ex- 
istence of  the  infirmity  was  not 
satisfactory,  the  French  authori- 
ties used  to  confine  the  soldiers,  i 
and  not  supply  them  with  food,  I 
until  they  called  for  it  without  j 
stammering.  J 


24 


FEL 


370 


FEMUR 


Diseases,  &c. 


How  Feigned. 


Ho"W  Detected. 


59.    Stricture     of 
THE  Urethra. 
.  Swelling  op  the 
Legs. 

61.  Syncope. 


62.  Tympany. 


63.  Ulcer 
Ear. 


64.  Ulcers  of  the 
Legs,  &c. 


65.  Bloody  Urine. 


]    By  ligatures  round  the  thighs. 

Ligatures  are  sometimes  used  to 
prevent  the  pulse  being  felt.  By 
applying  lotions  to  the  face  to 
make  it  pale. 

Persons  have  possessed  the  power  of 
swallowing  air,  so  as  to  distend  the 
stomach,  and  simulate  tympany. 
'  By  introducing  a  tent,  imbued  with 
blistering  plaster  into  the  ear, 
and  repeating  the  application, 
until  the  tube  becomes  ulcerated, 
and  a  discharge  of  puriform  mat- 
ter is  established.  The  fetid  smell 
is  imitated,  by  dropping  into  the 
ear  %  mixture  of  empyreumatic 
oil,  asafoetida,  and  old  cheese. 
Also,  by  introducing  a  little  honey 
into  the  meatus. 

By  corrosives,  or  irritants.  Some- 
times by  abrasion,  by  rubbing 
sand  on  the  shin-bone.  At  others, 
they  are  pretended,  by  gluing  on 
a  piece  of  spleen  or  the  skin  of  a 
frog. 

The  fruit  of  the  Indian  Fig  {Cactus 
opuntia)  colours  the  urine  as  red 
as  blood.  Cantharides  will  cause 
it.  Blood  may  also  be  procured 
and  mixed  with  the  urine. 


By  passing  a  bougie. 

Examine  the  limbs  uncovered. 

By  using  sternutatories.  By  the 
absence  of  some  of  the  symptoms 
of  syncope.  Examine  the  naked 
arms.     Wash  the  face. 


66.  Incontinence  of 
Urine. 


67.  Varicose  Veins. 


By  careful  examination. 


Artificial  ulcers  have,  usually,  a 
more  distinct  margin,  and  are 
more  readily  healed  than  others  ; 
the  latter  being  generally  indi- 
cative of  an  impaired  constitu- 
tion. 

By  making  the  patient  pass  his 
urine  in  the  presence  of  the  phy- 
sician, and  examining  the  vessel 
before  and  after.  By  cutting  oil 
the  supply  of  any  substance,  which 
could  cause  the  appearance. 

DiiBcult,  at  times,  of  detection.  Give 
the  person  a  full  dose  of  opium, 
and  introduce  the  catheter  when 
he  is  asleep.  If  there  be  urine, 
the  incontinence  is  feigned. 


'  By  a  ligature,  placed  tightly  round 
the  limb.     They  may  be  excited 
in  this  manner,  or  aggravated  if    j 
already  existing.  J 


By  examining  the  limb. 


FEL,  Bile — f.  Anguillas,  see  Bile — f.  Bovinum, 
Bile  of  the  Ox  —  f.  Bovis,  see  Bile  —  f.  Naturas, 
Aloes— f.  Tanri,  see  Bile  — f.  Terrse,  Ludus  Hel- 
•montii— f.  Ursi,  see  Bile— f.  Vitri,  see  Vitrum. 

FELDSGHEEREN,  Bathers. 

FELINEUS,  Bilious. 

FELLBUS,  Biliary,  Bilious. 

FELLIDUCUS,  Cholagogue. 

FELLIS  OBSTRUCTIO,  Icterus  — f.  Super- 
^fusio.  Icterus — f.  SufFusio,  Icterus. 

FELON,  Paronychia. 

FELTING,  from  Anglo-Saxon  pelt,  cloth  or 
■gtuff  made  without  iieavinij.  Tanr/ling.  A  term 
applied  to  the  hair  ivhen  inextricably  interlaced, 
as  occurs  occasionally  in  women  from  inattention. 

FELURE  BE  GLASER,  Fissure,  glenoid. 

FELWORT,  Gentiana  lutea.. 

FEMALE,  F(jem'!na,  Gync,  (F.)  Femelle,  from 
(jiv^j^,  'I  generate.'  (?)  In  animals,  the  one  that 
•engenders  and  bears  the  young.  It  is,  also,  used 
udjectively; — as,  the  Female  Sex,  &c. 

Fkmale  Parts,  Vulva. 

FEMELLE,  Female. 

FEMEN,  Thigh,  Vulva. 

FEMINES'CENCE,  Fcemineacen'tia,  from/o?- 
mina,  '  a  female.'     The  possession  or  assumption 
of  certain  male  characteristics  by  the  female. — 
Mehliss. 
FEMME  EN  COUCHE,  Puerpcra. 


FEM'0RAL,Fe7reora7i"s,  irorafemvr,  'the  thigh- 
bone.' Belonging  or  relating  to  the  thigh;  as 
Femoral  artery,  Femoral  hernia,  &c.    See  Crural. 

FEMORALIS,  Triceps  cruris. 

FE3I0R0-GALGANIEN  PETIT,  Plantar 
muscle — f.  Popliteal,  great.  Sciatic  nerve,  great — 
/.  Popliti-tihial,  Poplitaeus  muscle. 

FEM'ORO-TIB'IAL,  Femoro-tihia'lis.  Be- 
longing to  the  femur  and  tibia.  The  Femoro- 
tibial  articulation  is  the  knee-joint. 

FEMUR,  Mervs,  Me'rium,  Os  fem'oria.  The 
iTiicfh  hone.  (F.)  L'oa  de  la  Ciiish-e.  The  strongest 
and  longest  of  all  the  bones  of  the  body,  extend- 
ing from  the  pelvis  to  the  tibia,  and  forming  the 
solid  part  of  the  thigh.  The  femur  is  cylindrical, 
slightly  curved  anteriorly,  unsymnietrical  and 
oblique  downwards  and  inwards.  The  body  of 
the  bone  is  prismatic,  and  has,  behind,  a  promi- 
nent ridge,  the  linea  aspera. 

(Head  supported  on  a 
column  or  neck. 
Great  trochanter. 
Lesser  trochanter. 

T  .    .  f  External  eondvle. 

Inferior  or  |  -p 


Upper  or 
Pelvic 


Processes. 


I 


Tibial 


Internal  condyle. 


„  ..I  External  tnbero.Mtv. 

Extremity.    ^  j^tg^nal  tuberosity. 

The  femur  ossifies  fro;n  five  points:  —  oi^c  on 
each  process  of  the  pelr  3  extremity;  one  in  thfl 


FEMUR  COL  BU 


371 


FERRI  ACETAS 


body  of  the  bone;  and  two  on  the  condyles.  It 
is  articulated  with  the  pelvis,  tibia,  and  patella. 
See  Thigh. 

FEMUR  COL  BU,  Collum  femoris— f.  Mo- 
ventium  septimus,  Iliacus  internus — f.  Moven- 
tium  sextus,  Psoas  magnus — f.  Summum,  Vulva. 

FENES'TRA.  Kwindow.  (F.)  Feneti-e.  Ana- 
tomists have  given  this  name  to  two  apertures, 
situate  in  the  inner  paries  of  the  cavity  of  the 
tympanum.  The  one  of  these  is  the  Fenest'ra 
ora  lis,  F.  vestibula'ris,  Fora'men  ova'le.  It  is 
oval-shaped ;  situate  at  the  base  of  the  stapes, 
and  corresponds  with  the  cavity  of  the  vestibule. 
The  other  is  the  Fenest'ra  rotun'da,  F.  Cochlea'- 
ris,  Fora'men  rotun'dum.  It  is  closed  by  a  fine, 
transparent  membrane,  called  Membra'na  Tym- 
pani  secun'daria,  Ti/iyipanuni  minus  sen  secunda'- 
rium,  Membra'na  fenestra  rotun'da,  and  corre- 
sponds to  the  inner  scala  of  the  cochlea. 

Fenestra  Oculi,  Pupil. 

FENES'TRAL,  Fenestra'tus,  from  fenestra, 
'a  window.'  (F.)  Fenetre  et  Fenestre.  Ban- 
dages, compresses,  or  plasters  with  small  perfo- 
rations or  openings,  are  so  called.  The  openings 
prevent  the  detention  of  the  discharge. 

FENESTRATUS,  Fenestral. 

FENESTRE,  Fenestral. 

FENETRE,  Fenestra. 

FENETRE,  Fenestral. 

FENNEL,  Anethum — f.  Dogs',  Anthemis  co- 
tula— f.  Flower,  Nigella — f.  Hog's,  Peucedanum 
—  f.  Sweet,  Anethum  —  f.  Water,  Phellandrium 
aquaticum. 

FENO  UIL,  Anethum—/.  d'Eau,  Phellandrium 
aquaticum — f.  Marin,  Crithmum  mairitimum — ■/. 
de  Pore,  Peucedanum — f.  Puant,  Anethum  gra- 
veolens. 

FENTE,  Fissure—/.  Capillaire,  see  Pilatio  — 
/.  Glenoidale,  Fissure,  glenoid — /.  Orbitaire.  Or- 
bitar  fissure — /.  Orbitaire  inferieure.  Spheno- 
maxillary Assure — f.  Spheno-maxiUaire,  Spheno- 
maxillary fissure — /.  Sphenoidale,  Sphenoidal 
fissure. 

FENUGREC,  Trigonella  foenum. 

FENUGRECK,  Trigonella  fcenum. 

FER,  Ferrum — /.  Acetate  de,  Ferri  acetas — /. 
Carbonate  de,  Ferri  protocarbonas  — /.  Chaud, 
Pyrosis — f.  Hydrate  de,  tritoxide  de,  ^tites — /. 
lodure  de,  Ferri  iodidum,  see  Iodine — /.  Lactate 
de,  Ferri  Lactas  — /.  Limaille  de,  Ferri  limatura 
/.  Peroxide  de,  Ferri  subcarbonas  — /.  et  de  Po- 
tasse,  tartrate  de,  Ferrum  tartai'izatum — /.  et  de 
Potassium,  cyanure  de,  Potassii  Ferrocyanure- 
tum — /.  et  de  Potassium,  protocyanure  de,  Potas- 
sii Ferroeyanuretum — f.  Reduit  par  Vhydrorjene, 
Ferri  pulvis — /.  Sulphate  de,  Ferri  Sulphas  — 
/.  Sulphure  de,  Ferri  Sulphuretum — /.  Tannate 
de,  Ferri  tannas — /.  Valerianate  de,  Ferri  Vale- 
rianas. 

FERALIS  PEDICULUS,  see  Pediculus. 

FERINE,  Feri'mis;  'savage,  brutal;'  The- 
riu'dcs.  A  term,  applied  to  any  malignant  or 
noxious  disease.  In  France  it  is  used  only  when 
joined  to  Toux ;  Toux  ferine,  a  dry,  obstinate, 
and  painful  cough. 

FERMENT,  Fermen'tum,  {qasisi  fervimentum,) 
Zyma,  Zymo'ma,  Leven,  (F.)  Levain.  The  la- 
trochymists  applied  this  name  to  imaginary  sub- 
stances, Fermen'ta  mor'hi,  to  which  they  attri- 
buted the  power  of  producing  disease,  by  exci- 
ting a  fermentation  in  the  humours. 

FERMENTA'TION,  Fermenta'tio,  Zymo'sis, 
^atua'tio,  Causis,  Brasmos.  An  intestinal  move- 
ment, occurring  spontaneously  in  a  liquid;  whence 
result  certain  sjibstances,  that  did  not  previously 
«iU?t  in  it. 


The  chemical  physicians  attributed  all  diseases 
to  an  imaginary  fermentation  of  the  humours. 

Fermentation,  Putrefactive,  Putrefaction. 

FERMENTUMCEREVISI^,Yest— f.MorbJ, 
Ferment — f.  Ventriculi,  Gastric  juice. 

FERN,  BUSH,  Comptonia  asplenifolia  —  f. 
Cinnamon,  Osmunda  cinnamomea  —  f.  Eagle, 
Pteris  aquilina  —  f.  Female,  Asplenium  filix  fos- 
mina,  Pteris  aquilina — f.  Gale,  Comptonia  aspleni- 
folia— f.  Male,  Polypodium  filix  mas — f.  Meadow, 
Comptonia  asplenifolia — f.  Rock,  Adiantum  pe- 
datum — f.  Root,  Polypodium  vulgare — f.  Sweet, 
Adiantum  pedatum,  Comptonia  asplenifolia — f. 
Sweet,  shrubby,  Comptonia  asplenifolia. 

FERNAMBUCO  WOOD,  Ca3salpinia  echinata, 

FERRAMEN'TUM,  Side'rion,  Instrumen'tuM 
fer'reum.  Any  surgical  instrument  made  of 
iron.  By  the  vulgar,  in  France,  the  word  ferre- 
meiits  means  the  instruments  used  in  diificult 
labours. 

FERRARIA,  Scrophularia  aquatica. 

FERRATUS,  Chalybeate. 

FERREIN,  Canal  of,  Buctus  Ferrei'ni.  A 
triangular  channel,  which  Ferrein  supposed  lo 
result  from  the  approximation  of  the  free  edges 
of  the  eyelids  applied  to  the  globe  of  the  eye ; 
and  which  he  considered  adapted  for  directing 
the  tears  towards  the  puncta  lachrymalia,  during 
sleep.     The  canal  is,  probably,  imaginary. 

The  same  name  is  likewise  given  to  the  corti- 
cal canals, — the  first  portions  of  the  uriniferous 
ducts,  whilst  still  in  the  cortical  substance  of  the 
kidney. 

Ferrein,  Pyr'amid  of,  Pyr'amis  Ferrei'ni. 
Each  of  the  papillae  of  the  kidney,  according  to 
Ferrein,  consists  of,  at  least,  700  subordinate 
cones  or  pyramids.  To  these  last  the  names  'py- 
ramids of  Ferrein,'  Pyram'ides  rena'les  Ferrei'ni, 
Fascic'vli  pyramida'les,  have  been  given. 

FERRI  ACE'TAS,  Extrac'tum  martis  ace'ti- 
cum,  Ace'ticum  martia'le,  Ac"etate  of  Iron,  Lon 
Liquor,  (F.)  Acetate  de  fer.  A  preparation  of 
the  Dublin  Pharmacopoeia,  made  by  digesting  1 
part  of  carbonate  of  iron  in  6  parts  of  acetic  acid 
for  three  days,  and  filtering.  Dose,  as  a  tonic 
and  astringent,  TT\^v  to  Tr\^xx,  in  water. 

Ferri  ^rugo,  F.  Subcarbonas— f.  et  Ammo- 
nije  murias,  Ferrum  ammoniatum — f.  Ammonio- 
chloridum,  Ferrum  ammoniatum. 

Ferri  et  Altj'miNjE  Sulphas,  Sulphate  of  Iron 
and  Alumina,  is  made  by  treating  biearbonated 
solution  of  soft  iron  and  carbonated  solution  of 
pure  icashed  alumina,  with  sulphuric  acid.  It 
has  been  recommended  as  a  valuable  astringent,. 
Dose,  from  five  to  ten  grains. 

Ferri  Aimo'yio-CXTHAS,  Ammonice  ferro-citroe, 
Ferrum  ammoni' aco-cit'ricum,  Ammonio-citrote 
of  iron,  Citrate  of  ammonia  and  iron.  Prepared 
by  adding  ammonia  to  citrate  of  iron,  so  as  to 
neutralize  the  excess  of  acid.  Dose,  gr.  v.  to  gr. 
viij.  A  Potassio-Citrate  and  a  Sodio-Citrats 
OF  Iron  have  also  been  introduced ;  and  a  Ci- 
trate of  the  Magnetic  Oxide  of  Iron  prepared 
by  combining  the  magnetic  oxide  with  citric  acid. 

Ferri  Ammonio-tartras,  Ammonio-tat'trate  <f 
Iron.  This  salt  is  best  made  by  dissolving  \o 
saturation  freshly  precipitated  hydrated  oxide  of 
iron  in  a  solution  of  bitartrate  of  ammonia,  and 
evaporating  to  dryness.  It  is  very  soluble.  The 
dose  is  five  grains  or  more  in  pill  or  solution. 

Ferri  Arsenias,  Arseniate  of  Iron — f.  Boru?- 
sias,  Prussian  blue — f.  Bromidum,  see  Bromine 
— f.  Carbonas,  F.  subcarbonas — f.  Carbonas  Sao- 
charatum,  see  F.  Protocarbonas — f.  Carbonatum, 
Graphites — f.  Carburetum,  Graphites. 

Ferri  Citras,  Citrate  of  Iron.  Two  citrates 
of  iron  are  prepared — the  Sesquicitrate  or  Citrat» 
of  the  Sesquioxide  ;  and  the  titrate  of  ihe  Prec 


TERRI 


372 


pERm 


oxide.  The  former  is  officinal  in  the  Ph.  TJ.  S. 
They  resemble,  in  their  medical  properties,  the 
tartrate  and  the  lactate  of  the  metal. 

Febri  Ctantjretum,  Prussian  blue — f.  Deuto- 
carbonas  fuseus,  F.  subcarbonas — f.  Deutoxydum 
nigrum,  ^thiops  martial — f.  Ferrocyanas,  Prus- 
sian blue  —  f.  Ferrooyanuretum,  Prussian  blue  — 
f.  Hydriodas,  F.  lodidum — f.  Hydrocyanas,  Prus- 
sian blue — f.  Hypercarburetum,  Graphites. 

Ferri  Io'didum,  F.  Todiire'tum,  F.  IJydrVo- 
das,  Iodide,  loduret  or  Hydri'odate  of  Iron.  (F.) 
lodure  de  fer,  (lodin.  ^ij,  Ferri  rament."^],  Aq. 
destillat.  Oiss.)  Mix  the  iodine  with  a  j)int  of 
the  distilled  water,  in  a  porcelain  or  glass  vessel, 
and  gradually  add  the  iron  filings,  stirring  con- 
stantly. Heat  the  mixture  gently  until  the  liquid 
acquires  a  light  greenish  colour;  then  filter,  and, 
after  the  liquid  has  passed,  pour  upon  the  filter 
half  a  pint  of  the  distilled  water,  boiling  hot. 
When  this  has  passed,  evaporate  the  filtered  li- 
quor, at  a  temperature  not  exceeding  212°,  in  an 
iron  vessel,  to  dryness ;  keep  the  dry  iodide  in  a 
closely  stopped  bottle.     (Ph.  U.  S.) 

Ferri  loDURBTrM,  F.  lodidum. 

Ferri  Lactas,  Lactate  of  Iron,  Lactate  of 
Protox'ide  of  Iron,  (F.)  Lactate  de  Fer.  Pre- 
pared by  digesting  in  a  sand-bath,  at  a  low  tem- 
perature, diluted  lactic  acid  with  iron  filings.  It 
is  employed  in  the  same  cases  as  the  precipitated 
subcarbonate  of  iron,  and  especially  in  chlorosis. 
Twelve  grains  of  the  lactate  may  be  given  in  the 
24  hours,  in  the  form  of  lozenges. 

Ferri  Limatu'ra  Purifica'ta,  Pu'rijied  Iron 
Filings: — purified  by  means  of  the  magnet,  for 
internal  use.  The  filings  are,  also,  called  Ferri 
Scohs,  F.  Ramen'ta  et  Fila,  3Iartis  Limatu'ra, 
Spec' ulum  In' dicum,  Ferri  in  pnl'verem  resolu'- 
tio,  (F.)  Limaille  de  Fer.  They  are  considered 
to  possess  the  general  properties  of  iron  :  —  the 
iron  becoming  oxidized. 

Ferri  et  Magne'si^  Citras,  Citrate  of  iron 
and  magne'sia,  is  prepared  by  dissolving  hydra- 
ted  oxide  of  iron  in  a  solution  of  citric  acid,  satu- 
rated with  carbo7iate  of  magnesia,  and  evapora- 
ting to  dryness.  It  is  soluble  in  water,  and  does 
not  constipate.  Dose  from  four  grains  to  fifteen, 
iu  solution. 

Ferri  Xitras,  see  Liquor  Ferri  nitratis  — 
f.  Nitratis  Liquor,  see  Liquor  Ferri  nitratis 
—  f.  Oxidum  Fuscum,  F.  subcarbonas  —  f. 
Oxidum  Nigrum,  Oxydum  ferri  nigrum  —  f.  Oxi- 
dum hydratum,  Ferrum  oxydatum  hydratum  — 
f.  Oxidum  rubrum,  Colcothar,  Ferri  subcarbonas 
— f.  Oxidum  hydratum,  Ferrum  et  Oxydum  hy- 
dratum— f.  Percyanidum,  Prussian  blue. 

Ferri  Phosphas,  Phosphate  of  Iron,  {Ferri 
Sulphat.  §v.  Soda  Phosphat.  ^vi.  Aqua,  cong. 
Dissolve  the  sulphate  of  iron  and  phosphate  of 
soda,  severally,  in  four  pints  of  the  water;  then 
mix  the  solutions,  and  set  the  mixture  by,  that 
the  powder  may  subside ;  lastly,  having  poured 
off  the  supernatant  liquor,  wash  the  phosphate 
of  iron  with  water,  and  dry  it  with  a  gentle  heat. 
— Ph.  U.  S.)  Dose,  5  to  10  grains  as  a  chaly- 
beate.    Rarely  used. 

Ferri  Pila,  F.  limatura — f.  et  PotassEe  tartras, 
Ferrum  tartarizatum — f.  Potassio-citras,  see  Ferri 
simmonio-citras — f.  Potassio-tartras,  Ferrum  tar- 
tarizatunr. 

Ferri  Pbotocarbo'nas,  Protocarhonate  of 
Iron,  (F.)  Carbonate  de  Fer.  The  protocarho- 
nate of  iron,  thrown  down  from  a  solution  of  the 
sulphate  of  iron  by  the  carbonate  of  soda,  readily 
attracts  oxygen  and  becomes  converted  into  the 
Fesquioxide.  To  prevent  this,  it  may  be  asso- 
ciated with  honey  and  sugar,  and  the  mixture  be 
reduced  by  evaporation  to  a  pilular  consistence. 
The  mass  constitutes  the  Ferrvginoua  Pills,  Pi- 


lules ferrugineuse's,  ofVallet,  Vallet^s  Pi\la.  Be© 
Pilulae  Ferri  Carbonatis.  The  Edinburgh  Phar- 
macopoeia contains  the  Ferri  Car'bonas  SacJia- 
ra'tum,  Sac'charine  Carbonate  of  Iron,  prepared 
in  this  manner.  It  is  the  Ferrum  Carhon'icuiC 
Saceharatum  of  Klauer. 

The  protocarhonate  is  given  in  the  same  dis- 
eases as  the  lactate  of  iron ;  ten  or  fifteen  grains 
in  the  course  of  the  twenty-four  hours. 

Ferri  Protosulpras  Viridis,  F.  Sulphas — f. 
Prussias,  Prussian  blue. 

Ferri  Pulvis,  Fer  riduit,  F.  reduit  par  I'hy- 
drogene,  Ferrum  metal'licum,  Poiodered  iron  , 
prepared  by  passing  a  stream  of  hydrogen  ga^ 
over  the  sesquioxide  of  iron,  contained  in  an  iron 
or  porcelain  tube  heated  to  low  redness.  It  is 
very  liable  to  become  oxidated,  and  must  be  kept 
in  a  dry,  well-stopped  bottle.  It  has  been  pre- 
scribed in  anasmic,  and  especially  in  chlorotic 
cases.  The  ordinary  dose  is  two  grains  three  times 
a  day,  in  pill  made  with  sugar  and  gum.  A  for- 
mula for  its  preparation  is  given  in  the  last  edition 
of  the  Pharmacopoeia  of  the  United  States  (1851). 

Ferri  et  Qui'nIjE  Citras,  Citrate  of  Iron  and 
Qui'nia,  formed  by  the  union  of  four  parts  of 
citrate  of  iron  and  one  part  of  citrate  of  qvinia, 
has  been  prescribed  in  cases  where  a  combination 
of  these  tonics  is  indicated. 

Ferri  Ramenta,  F.  limatura  —  f.  Rubigo,  F. 
Subcarbonas — f.  Scobs,  F.  limatura — f.  Sesquiox- 
idum,  F.  subcarbonas  prsecipitatus. 

Ferri  Sesqttinitratis,  Liquor,  see  Tinctura 
Ferri  muriatis — f.  Sodio-tartras,  see  Ferri  et  am- 
monio-citras. 

Ferri  Subcar'bonas,  F.  Car'bonas,  Ferrum 
prcBcipita'tum,  Chal'ybia  Rubi'go  prapara'ta, 
Ferri  Rubigo.  (The  last  two  terms,  as  well  as 
Ferru'go,  are  applied  to  the  subcarbonate  or  rust, 
JEru'go  Ferri,  Cacaferri,  formed  by  the  action 
of  moist  air  on  metallic  iron.)  A  protoxide  of 
iron,  oxidized  by  the  decomposition  of  water;  the 
carbonic  acid  being  attracted  from  the  air.  Dose, 
gr.  V  to  ^ss  and  more. 

Ferri  Subcarbonas  may  be  precipitated  from 
sulphate  of  iron  by  carbonate  of  soda.  The  fol- 
lowing is  the  formula  of  the  Pharmacopoeia  of  the 
United  States  : — Ferri  sidph.  §viij;  sodcB  carb. 
^ix;  aqucB  bxdlient.  cong.  Dissolve  the  sulphate 
of  iron  and  carbonate  of  soda  severally  in  four 
pints  of  the  water,  then  mix  the  solutions,  and, 
having  stirred  the  mixture,  set  it  by  that  the 
powder  may  subside:  having  poured  off  the 
liquor,  wash  the  subcarbonate  with  hot  water, 
wrap  it  in  bibulous  paper,  and  dry  with  a  gentle 
heat.  It  is,  also,  called  Ferri  sesquiox'idum, 
Ox'idum  ferri  fuscum,  Ox'idum  ferri  rvbruw, 
I)euto-car'bonas  Ferri  fusctis.  Crocus  mortis  apc'~ 
riens,  Sesquioxide  or  peroxide  of  iron,  (F.)  Per- 
oxide defer,  Safran  de  liars  aph-itif. 

Ferri  Sulphas,  Sal  JIartis,  Vitriolum  Martt's, 
Vitriolum  Ferri,  Ferrum  Vitriola' turn,  Sulphas 
vel  Protosulphas  Ferri  vir'idis,  Calcadinum,  C<d'- 
cator,  Cal'cotar,  Chalcan'thuni,  Calcite'a,  Atra- 
men'tum  suto'rium,  Vit'riol,  Vitriolum  viride, 
An'ima  Hep'atis,  Sulphate  of  Iron,  Green  Vitriol, 
Copperas,  (F.)  Sulfate  de  fer.  The  Pharmaco- 
po3ia  of  the  United  States  directs  it  to  be  made 
by  the  action  of  sulphuric  acid  ^xviij,  on  iron 
wire,  cut  in  pieces,  §xij — water,  a  gallon — evapo- 
rating, crystallizing,  and  drying  the  crystals  on 
bibulous  paper.  This  salt  is  inodorous,  and  of  a 
strong  styptic  taste.  The  crystals  are  light  green, 
transparent,  rhomboidal;  and  soluble  in  two  parts 
of  water.  It  is  tonic  and  anthelmintic.  Dose, 
gr.  j.  to  vj  and  more. 

Ferri  Sui^phas  Calcinatum,  Colcothar. 

Ferri  Sulphure'tum,  Sul'phurct  of  Iron,  Iron 
pyri'tcs,  (F.)  Sulfurc  de  fer  /  may  be  made  b^ 


FERRICUS  HYDRAS 


373 


FEU  AOTUEL 


heating  one  part  of  suhlimed  sulphur,  over  three 
parts  of  iron  filings  in  a  crucible  until  the  mass 
begins  to  glow.  It  is  employed  as  a  ready  means 
for  obtaining  hydrosulphuric  acid  gas  by  the  ad- 
dition of  sulphuric  or  chlorohydric  acid. 

Ferri  Tannas,  Ferrum  taii'nicimi,  Tannate  of 
Iron,  (F.)  Tannate  defer.  This  salt  is  usually  ob- 
tained by  adding  a  solution  of  a  salt  of  sesqui- 
oxide  of  iron,  as  the  persulphate,  to  a  decoction 
of  nut-galls.  It  is  possessed  of  tonic  and  astrin- 
gent properties,  and  has  been  extolled  especially 
in  chlorosis. 

Ferri  Tartarujt,  Ferrum  tartarizatum  —  f. 
Tritoxydum,  Coleothar. 

Ferri  Valeria'nas,  Ferrum  Valeria' nicum, 
Vale'rianate  of  Iron,  (Fr.)  Valerianate  de  fer. 
Formed  by  the  action  of  valerianic  acid  on  oxide 
of  iron.  It  is  a  dark  brick-red  powder,  insoluble 
in  water,  and  has  been  given  in  hysteria  compli- 
cating chlorosis.     Dose,  from  two  to  four  grains. 

FERRICUS  HYDRAS,  Ferrum  oxydum  hy- 
di'atum. 

FERRUGINEUS,  Chalybeate. 

FERRUGINOUS,  Chalybeate. 

FERRUGO,  Ferri  subcarbonas,  Ferrum  oxy- 
datum  hydratum. 

FERRUM,  Mars,  Side'ros,  Metal'lum  hcemato- 
poiet'icum.  Iron,  (F.)  Fei:  A  metal  of  a  bluish- 
gray  colour ;  fibrous  texture ;  brilliant  and  fine- 
grained fracture.  Specific  gravity  7.600  to  7.800 ; 
hard,  ductile,  malleable,  and  magnetic.  The  me- 
dicinal virtues  of  iron  are  tonic ;  producing  fetid 
ecructations,  when  it  takes  effect,  owing  to  its 
meeting  with  acid  in  the  stomach,  which  oxidizes 
it,  and  causes  the  evolution  of  hydrogen  gas. 
"When  given  in  the  metallic  state,  the  filings  are 
chiefly  used ;  but  the  oxides  and  salts  are  most 
commonly  employed. 

Ferrum  Ammoniacale,  F.  ammoniatum  —  f. 
Ammoniaco-citrieum,  Ferri  ammonio-citras. 

Ferrum  Ammonia'tum,  llu'rias  Ammo'nice  et 
Ferri,  Ferri  ammo'nio-chlo'ridum,  Flores  martia'- 
les,  Flores  salis  a.mmoni'aci  martia'les.  Ens  mar- 
tis,  Ens  Ven'eris  Boy'lei,  Sal  martis  muriat'ieum 
aublima'tum,  Sal  ammoni'aeum  martia'le,  Ammo'- 
nium  muriat'ieum  martia'tipn  seu  martia'le,  Aroph 
Paracel'si,  Galen'dulcB  minera'les,  Ferrum  ammo- 
niaca'le,  Ammo'niated  Iron,  Ammo' nio-chloride 
of  Iron,  (F.)  Muriate  d'ammoniaqne  et  defer.  A 
mixture  of  the  hydro-chlorates  of  ammonia  and 
iron.  (?)  {Ferri  Suhcarh.  §iij ;  acid  muriat.  f  §x; 
ammon.  muriat.  Ibijss  ;  aq.  destillat.  Oiv.  Mix  the 
subcarbonate  with  the  acid  in  a  glass  vessel  and 
digest  for  two  hours;  then  add  the  muriate,  previ- 
ously dissolved  in  distilled  water,  and  having  fil- 
tered the  liquor,  evaporate  to  dryness.  Rub  to 
powder. — Ph.  U.  S.)     Dose,  gr.  iij.  to  gr.  xv. 

Ferrum  Borussicum,  Prussian  blue — f.  Car- 
bonicum  Saceharatum,  Ferri  protocarbonas  —  f. 
Cyanogenatum,  Prussian  blue  —  f.  Haamatites, 
Heematites — f.  Magnes  attractorium,  Magnet — f. 
Metallicum,  Ferri  pulvis. 

Ferrum  Oxyda'tum  Hydra'tum,  Ferri  Oxi- 
dum  Hydra'tum  (Ph.  U.  S.),  Ferru'go,  Hydras 
Fer'ricus,  Hydro-oxide  of  Iron,  Hydrated  Oxide 
of  Iron,  Hydrated  peroxide  of  Iron,  Hydrated 
Trifoxide  of  Iron.  It  may  be  prepared  by  taking 
a  solution  of  sulphate  of  iron,  increasing  its  dose 
of  oxygen  by  heating  it  with  nitric  acid,  and  pre- 
cipitating the  oxide  by  adding  pure  ammonia  in 
excess,  washing  the  precipitate,  and  keeping  it 
moist. 

The  following  is  the  formula  adopted  by  the 
Pharmacopceiaof  the  United  States  :  Ferri  Sulph. 
3iv;  acid,  sulphuric,  f^iiiss ;  ,acirf.  nitric,  t  ^vi, 
vel  q.  s.,  Liq.  ammonioB  q  s.,  aqucB  Oij.  Dissolve 
the  sulphate  of  iron  in  the  water,  and  having 


added  the  sulphuric  acid,  boil  the  solution  :  then 
add  the  nitric  acid  in  small  portions,  boiling  tho 
liquid  for  a  minute  or  two  after  each  addition, 
until  the  acid  ceases  to  produce  a  dark  colour. 
Filter  the  liquid,  allow  it  to  cool,  and  add  the 
liquor  ammonias  in  excess,  stirring  the  mixture 
briskly;  wash  the  precipitate  with  water,  until  the 
washings  cease  to  yield  a  precipitate  with  chlo- 
ride of  barium,  and  keep  it  close  in  bottles  with 
water  sufficient  to  cover  it. 

It  has  been  brought  forward,  of  late,  as  an  an- 
tidote to  arsenic ;  and  many  cases  of  its  efiicacy 
have  been  published. 

From  10  to  20  parts  of  the  hydrated  oxide 
would  seem  to  be  more  than  suflicient  to  convert 
1  part  of  arsenious  acid  into  the  basic  salt  of  iron. 

Ferrum  Oxydulatum  Hydrocyanicum,  Prus- 
sian blue — f.  Potabile,  F.  tartarizatum — f.  Prseci- 
pitatum,  Ferri  subcarbonas. 

Ferrum  Tannicum,  Ferri  tannas. 

Februm  Taktariza'tum,  Tartras  Potas'scB  et 
Ferri,  Tar'tarum  Ferri,  Ferri  et  PotasscB  Tartros, 
(Ph.  U.  S.)  Tar'tarus  chalyhea'tus.  Mars  solu'hi- 
lls,  Tartras  kal'ico-fer'ricus,  Chalyhs  tartariza' - 
tus,  Tartarus  martia'lis,  Ferri  potassio-tartras, 
Tartras  Potas'scB  ferrugino' sus,  Ferrum  potah'ile, 
Globus  martia'lis,  Gloh'uli  Tar' tari  martia'les  seu 
martia'les  solu'ti  seu  martia'ti  seu  tartra'tis  ferri 
et  lixiv'icB,  Boli  Martis,  Pyri  martia'les,  Tartar- 
ized  Iron,  Tartrate  of  Potassa  and  Iron,  (F.)  Tar- 
trate de  potasse  et  defer,  Boule  de  3Iars,  Boule  de 
Nancy,  B.  de  Molsheim,  B.  d'Acier.  [Ferri  stib- 
carb.  §iij.  Acid,  muriat.  f  ^x;  Liquor  Potassce, 
Ovss;  Potass.  Bitart.  ^vijss,  AqiicB  destillat.  cong. 
iss.  Mix  the  subcarbonate  of  iron  and  the  muri- 
atic acid,  and  digest  for  two  hours ;  pour  the  so- 
lution into  a  gallon  of  the  distilled  water;  set 
aside  for  an  hour,  and  pour  off  the  supernatant 
liquor.  To  this  add  the  liquor  potassas  ;  wash  the 
precipitate  formed  frequently  with  water,  and, 
while  yet  moist,  mix  it  with  the  bitartrate  of  po- 
tassa and  half  a  gallon  of  the  distilled  water. 
Keep  the  mixture  at  the  temperature  of  140°  for 
30  hours,  frequently  stirring ;  filter  the  solution, 
and  evaporate  by  means  of  a  water  bath,  at  the 
same  temperature,  to  dryness.  —  (Ph.  U.  S.)  It 
is  one  of  the  mildest  of  the  salts  of  iron,  and  not 
unpalatable.     Dose,  gr.  x.  to  Jss. 

The  Tinetu'ra  Martis  Aperiti'va,  Tincture  of 
Ludwig;  Al'cohol  cum  Sulpha' te  Ferri  tartarisa' - 
tus ;  Tinctura,  Martis  Glauberi  is,  essentially,  a 
solution  of  this  salt.  It  is  also  called  Eau  de 
Boule,  and  is  used  in  contusions. 

Helvetius's  Styptic  was  composed  of  ilae  filings 
of  iron  and  tartar,  mixed  to  a  proper  consistence 
with  French  brandy.  It  was  called  in  England 
Eaton's  Styptic;  but  this  is  now  formed  of  Sul- 
phate of  Iron. 

Ferrum  Valerianicum,  Ferri  valerianas  —  f. 
Vitriolatum,  Ferri  sulphas — f.  Vitriolatum  ustum, 
Coleothar — f.  Zooticum,  Prussian  blue. 

FERTILITY,  Fecundity. 

FER'ULA,  Fanon,  Palette,  Splint — f.  Africana, 
Bubon  galbanum — f.  Asafcetida,  see  Asafoetida — 
f.  Graveolens,  Anethum  graveolens  —  f.  Opopo- 
nax,  Pastinaca  opoponax  —  f.  Persica,  see  Saga- 
penum. 

FERUS,  Homicidal. 

FESSES,  Nates. 

FESSIER,  Gluteal—/.  Grand,  Gluteeus  maxi- 
mus — f.  Moyen,  Glutaeus  medius — f.  Petit,  Glu- 
tseus  minimus. 

FETID,  Fce'tidus,  Byso'des,  Caco'des,  Bromo'- 
sus,  Graveolens.     Having  a  bad  smell. 

FETUS,  Foetus. 

FEU  AGTUEL,  Cauterium— ■/.  Persique,  Her- 
pes zoster,  see  Anthrax — f.  Potential,  see  Caut*- 


FEUX  BE  BENTS 


374 


FEVEE 


J'ium — ■/.  Sacre,  Erysipelas — -/.  St.  Antoine,  Ery- 
sipelas— ■/.  Sauvage,  Ignis  sylvaticus — -f.  Volage, 
Ignis  sylvaticus. 

FEUX  BE  BENTS,  Strophulus—/.  Volages, 
Porrigo  larvalis. 

FiJVE,  Vicia  faba — •/.  de  Carthagene,  Habilla 
de  Carthagena — /.a  C'ochon,  Hyoscyamus — /. 
Ffuisse,  Sedum  telephium — ■/.  des  Marais,  Vicia 
fuba — ■/.  de  Sainte  Ignace,  Ignatia  amara — -/.  Pur- 
g'ltif,  llieinus  communis. 

FEVER,  Fehris,  from  feritas,  '-wildness/  or 
from  fervor,  '  heat,'  or  from  fehriio,  '  I  purify  :' 
I'yr,  Pyr'etos,  irvpErog,  (F.)  Fievre.  One  of  the 
most  frequent  and  dangerous  affections  to  which 
the  body  is  liable.  A  person  has  an  attack  of 
fever,  when  he  is  affected  with  rigors,  followed  by 
increased  heat  of  skin,  quick  pulse,  languor,  and 
lassitude.  Rigors,  increased  heat,  and  frequency 
of  pulse  have  each  been  assumed  as  the  essential 
character  of  fever.  It  is  not  characterized,  how- 
ever, by  any  one,  but  depends  upon  the  coexist- 
ence of  many  symptoms.  Fevers  have  been  usu- 
ally divided  into  idiopathic  or  essential,  and  into 
symptomatic.  The  idiopathic  arise  without  any 
obvious  local  cause.  The  symptomatic  are  de- 
pendent upon  local  irritation.  Idiopathic  fevers 
may  be  divided  into  three  classes :  1.  Those  at- 
tended with  distinct  paroxysms:  —  intermittents. 
2.  Remittent  and  continued  fevers :  and,  3.  Fevers 
complicated  with  eruptions  or  the  exanthema- 
tous.  These  divisions  admit  of  great  variety, 
owing  to  climate,  season,  soil,  age,  <fcc.  All  ages 
and  climates  are  liable  to  fever;  and  its  exciting 
causes  are  very  numerous.  These  causes  may  be 
common;  as  irritations  in  the  intestines ;  external 
injuries,  stimulants,  &c.,*  or  they  may  be  specific; 
as  miasmata,  contagion,  &c.  The  greatest  diver- 
sity has  prevailed  regarding  the  theory  of  fever. 
Its  primary  seat  has  been  placed  in  the  brain, 
mucous  membrane  of  the  stomach  and  intestines, 
skin,  nerves,  blood-vessels,  liver,  vena  cava,  pan- 
creas, &o.  It  would  seem,  however,  that  al- 
though, in  fever,  the  whole  of  the  functions  are 
morbidly  impressed,  the  arguments  in  favour  of 
the  impression  being  first  made  on  the  nervous 
system  and  the  system  of  nutrition  are  the 
strongest.  The  exciting  cause  of  fever,  whatever 
it  may  be,  produces  an  irregular  action  in  the 
system  of  nutrition,  which  is  soon  conveyed  to  the 
rest  of  the  system,  owing  to  the  extensive  sym- 
pathy which  exists  between  every  part  of  the 
body ;  and  it  is  probable,  that  all  those  local  in- 
flammations and  congestions  are  the  consequence, 
rather  than  the  cause,  of  this  disordered  condi- 
tion of  the  system.  The  general  character  of 
fever  is  clearly  shown  by  examination  of  the 
blood.  "When  fever  is  devoid  of  inflammatory 
complication,  the  quantity  of  fibrin  is  in  no  case 
augmented.  It  frequently  remains  in  the  healthy 
proportion,  and  at  times  diminishes  to  an  extent 
not  met  with  in  any  other  acute  disease.  The 
alteration  of  the  blood  in  fevers,  which  consists 
generally  in  a  diminution  of  the  filsrinous  element, 
is  the  reverse  of  what  occurs  in  inflammation. 

Many  phenomena  of  fever  are  influenced  by 
that  periodicity,  which  we  notice  in  the  execution 
of  several  of  the  functions  of  the  body.  The 
types  of  intermittents  are  strong  evidences  of 
such  an  influence. 

Jn  the  treatment  of  fever,  it  is  important,  1.  To 
Dear  in  mind  its  tendency,  particularly  in  the  case 
of  the  exanthemata,  to  run  a  definite  course,  and 
terminate  in  restoration  to  health.  2.  The  dispo- 
liition  to  local  determination  or  hypcrosmife :  — 
the  most  frequent  cause  of  the  fatal  termination 
of  fever:  a  circumstance  requiring  the  vigilant 
attention  of  the  physician.     3.  That  the  symp- 


toms must  be  attentively  studied,  in  order  to  de- 
duce, as  far  as  possible  from  them,  theindicationa 
of  cure.  Lastly,  attention  must  be  paid  to  th"? 
prevalent  epidemic.  There  are  particular  seasons 
in  which  fevers  are  very  malignant ;  and  others 
in  which  they  are  as  mild;  circumstances  which 
necessarily  have  an  eff'ect  upon  the  treatment. 

Fever  and  Ague,  Intermittent  Fever — f.  Ac- 
climating, F.  strangers'. 

Feveh,  Ade'no-Menixge'al,  Fehris  adc'no- 
meningea,  Fehris  rnesenter'ica  (Baglivi,)  3/orltia 
muco'sus,  Fehris  mveo'sa;  ilncons  fever,  Gastro- 
duodenop'yra,  Pitu'itous  Fever,  Catnr'rhal  Fever, 
Phlegmap'yra,  Phlegmop'yra,  Phlegmatop'yra, 
Gastro- Bronchi' tis.  Fever,  accompanied  with 
considerable  mucous  secretion;  especially  from 
the  digestive  tube. 

Fever,  Adynam'ic,  Fehris  adynarn'ica,  Asthe- 
nicop'yra,  Asthenicopy' retus,  Asthenop'yra,  Asthe- 
nopyr'ettis.  Fever  attended  with  great  prostra- 
tion of  the  vital  powers — as  Typhoid  and  Typhus 
fever. 

Fever,  African,  Fehris  Afriea'na.  The  ma- 
lignant bilious  remittent  fever,  which  prevails  on 
the  Western  Coast  of  Africa. 
Fetee,  Algid,  see  Algidus. 
Fevek,  ANOM'ALors,  Fehris  anom'ala,  F.  er- 
rat'ica,  F.  irregida'ris,  F.  vaga.  A  fever,  whose 
progress  and  type  are  irregular. 

Fever,  Aphon'ic,  Fehris  apho'iiica.  A  variety 
of  intermittent,  in  which  the  voice  is  lost  during 
the  paroxysm. 

Fever,  Apoplec'tic,  Fehris  apoplee'tica,  Com'~ 
atose  Fever,  Fehris  comalo'des,  F.  Lethar'gica,F, 
soporo'sa.  An  intermittent  or  continued  fever, 
attended  with  apoplectic  symptoms. 

Fever,  Articular  Eruptive,  Dengue — f.  Ar- 
ticular rheumatic.  Dengue. 

Fever,  Artific"ial,  Fehris  artificia'lis,  Fehris 
arte  promo'ta.  Fever  produced  designedly  by 
the  internal  or  external  use  of  stimulants. 

Fever,  Asthen'ic,  Fehris  asthen'ica.  Fever 
accompanied  with  debility.  It  may  include  every 
variety  of  fever  under  certain  circumstances,  but 
is  generally  appropriated  to  typhus. 

Fever,  Asthmat'ic,  Fehris  asthinat'ica.  A 
pernicious  intermittent,  accompanied  with  symp- 
toms of  asthma. 

Fever,  Ataxo-ADTnam'ic  ;  Fehris  atax'o-ady- 
nam'iea.  Fever  characterized  by  symptoms  of 
ataxia  and  adynamia. 

Feter,  Barcelona,  Fever,  yellow  —  f.  Bas- 
tard, Illegitimate  fever. 

Feyer,  Bil'ious,  Fehris  hilio'sa,  F.  poIycJiol'- 
ica,  Syn'ochus  hilio'sa,  F.  aso'des,  F.  choler'ica, 
F.  gas'trica,  F.  hepat'ica,  Cholep'yra,  Cholepjyr'- 
etus,  Hepatogastrocholo'ais,  Fehris  cholepyret'ica, 
Enterop'yra  hilio'sa,  Choloze'mia  fehri'lia.  The 
common  remittent  fever  of  summer  and  autumn  ; 
generally  supposed  to  be  owing  to,  or  connected 
with,  derangement  of  the  biliary  system. 

Fever,  Bilious  Remitting,  Yellow,  Fever, 
yellow  —  f.  Bladdery,  Pemphigus. 

Fever,  Boa  Vista.  A  malignant  bilious  re- 
mittent fever,  greatly  resembling  yellow  fever, 
which  was  very  fatal  at  Fernando  Po,  and  in 
ships  in  its  waters,  in  the  year  1845. 

Fever,  Bona.  A  malignant  paludal  fever, 
which  prevailed  amongst  the  troops  of  the  garri- 
son at  Bona  in  Algeria,  from  1832  to  1836. 

Fever,  Bone,  see  Inflammation  —  f.  Bouquet, 
Dengue  —  f  Brain,  F.  cerebral,  Phrenitis  —  f. 
Brain,  water.  Hydrocephalus  internus-— f.  Bucket, 
Dengue — f  Bulam,  Fever,  yellow — f.  Camp,  Ty- 
phus gravior. 

Fever,  Cardial'gic,  Fehris  cardial'gica.  A 
variety  of  pernicious  intermittent,  accompanied 
with  violent  cardialgia  during  the  paroxysm. 


FEVER 


375 


FEVER 


Feveh,  Cahdit'ic.  Intermittent  fever,  accom- 
panied with  pain  at  the  heart. 

Fever,  Catarrhal,  F.  adeno-meningeal. 

Fever,  Cephalal'gic,  Febris  cejihahd'gica. 
A  pernicious  intermittent,  accompanied  with  in- 
tense pain  of  the  head.  Also,  intermittent  ce- 
phalalgia. 

Fever,  Cephal'ic,  Fehrh  cephal'ica.  A  fe- 
brile afifcction  of  children — intermediate  between 
the  acute  form  of  active  cerebral  congestion  and 
the  chronic  form  —  which  is  attended  by  fever, 
pain  in  the  head,  disorder,  or  more  generally 
constipation  of  the  bowels,  and  a  train  of  pheno- 
mena often  supposed  to  be  premonitory  of  an  at- 
tack of  hydrocephalus. — Mauthner. 

Fever,  Cer'ebral,  Brain  fever.  Fever,  ge- 
nerally of  an  ataxic  character,  in  which  the  brain 
is  '■oasiderably  affected. 

Fevee,  Childbed,  Fever,  puerperal.  Puerperal 
Fever  —  f.  Childbed,  Low,  see  Peritonitis. 

Fever,  Chol'eric,  Fehris  cTioler'ica.  A  va- 
riety of  pernicious  intermittent,  accompanied 
with  symptoms  of  cholera  morbus. 

Fever,  Choleric,  op  luFAifTS,  Cholera  in- 
fantum. 

Fever,  Chronic,  Febris  chron'iea.  Some  au- 
thors apply  this  name  to  protracted  fevers ;  others 
to  hectic  fever. 

Fever,  CoLLiQ'trATiVE,  Fehris  tah'ida,  Fehris 
colliquati'va.  Fever,  characterized  by  rapid 
emaciation,  copious  evacuations,  and  rapid  pros- 
tration of  strength. 

Fever,  Comatose,  F.  apoplectic. 

Fever,  Conges'tive,  Febris  eongesti'va.  Fe- 
ver accompanied  by  obscure  symptoms ;  or  by 
great  oppression  and  depression ;  in  which  it  is 
difiicult — and  often  impossible  —  to  induce  reac- 
tion. Congestive  fevers  occur  in  various  parts 
of  this  country,  especially  in  the  fall ;  and  they 
are  very  common  in  India.  The  term  congestive 
fever  is  often  used  in  some  parts  of  the  south  of 
the  United  States  very  indefinitely — to  include 
winter  typhus,  and  typhoid  fevers,  typhoid  pneu- 
monia, as  well  as  intermittents  and  autumnal  re- 
mitten  ts.-^Dickson. 

Fever,  Continent,  see  Continent  and  Con- 
tinued fever  —  f.  Continual,  see  Continued  fever 
—  f.  Continued,  common,  Synochus. 

Fever,  Convul'sive,  Febris  conmdsi'va.  A 
pernicious  intermittent  or  remittent,  accompanied 
by  convulsions. 

Fever,  Delir'ious,  Fehris  cum  delir'io,  (F.) 
Fivere  delirante.  A  pernicious  intermittent,  cha- 
ra,eterized  by  delirium  in  the  paroxysms. 

Fever,  Dep'uratory,  Fehris  depurato'ria. 
A  fever,  to  which  was  attributed  the  property  of 
purifying  the  blood  ,•  or  which  indicated,  that 
Buch  a  supposed  depuration  had  occurred. 

Fever,  Diaphoeet'ic,  Fehris  diajjhoret'ica, 
Febris  stidato'ria.  A  pernicious  intermittent, 
with  excessive  sweating  during  the  fit. 

Fever,  Diary,  Ephemera. 

Fever,  Diges'tive.  The  chilliness,  followed 
by  increased  heat  and  quickness  of  pulse,  which 
frequently  accompanies  digestion. 

Fever,  Double,  (F.)  Fievre  double  ou  doublee. 
An  intermittent,  which  has  two  paroxysms  in  a 
given  time,  instead  of  one. 

Fever,  Double-Quartan.  A  fever,  whose 
paroxysms  occur  two  days  in  succession,  and  fail 
the  third  day  ;  the  first  paroxysm  resembling  the 
4th ;  and  the  second  the  5th. 

Fever,  Double-Quotidian.  An  intermittent, 
whose  paroxysms  return  twice  every  day  at  cor- 
responding hours. 

Fever,  Double-Tertian.  An  intermittent, 
whose   paroxysms   return  every  day;    the  first 


corresponding  with  the  3d,  the  second  with  the 
4th,  and  so  on. 

Fever,  Duodec"imane,  Fehris  duodecim'ana. 
A  supposititious  intermittent,  whose  paroxysms 
recur  on  the  12th  day,  or  every  11  days. 

Fever,  Dynamic,  Synocha — f.  Endemial,  Ho- 
mittent  F.  —  f.  Endemic,  Remittent  F.  —  f.  En  • 
dcmical.  Remittent  F. — f.  Enteric,  see  Typhus — 
f.  Ephemeral,  Ephemera. 

Fever,  Epilep'tic,  Fehris  epilep'tica.  A  va- 
riety of  pernicious  intermittent,  accompanied 
with  attacks  of  epilepsy. 

Fever,  Erot'ic,  Febris  erot'ica,  (F.)  Fievre 
d'amour.  A  chronic  fever,  occasioned  byunprO' 
pitious  love. 

Fever,  Errat'ic,  see  Erratic  —  f.  Eruptive, 
Exanthematica  —  f.  Eruptive,  articular.  Dengue 
— f.  Exacerbating,  Remittent  Fevei-. 

Fever,  Fainting,  of  Persia.  A  singular  and 
fatal  epidemic,  presenting  some  points  of  analogy 
with  cholera,  which  prevailed  at  Teheran  in  the 
autumn  of  1842. 

Fever,  Gan'grenous,  Febris  gangrano'des. 
Fever,  accompanied  by  gangrene  of  various  parts, 
and  especially  of  the  limbs  and  genitals.  Senae 
describes  an  intermittent  of  this  kind. 

Fever,  Gasteal'gic.  An  intermittent  accom- 
panied with  acute  burning  laceradng  pain  at  the 
stomach. 

Fever,  Gastric,  Febris  gas'trica,  F.  gas'trica 
bilio'sa,  Gastrocholo'sis,  Hepatogastrochulo'sis, 
Stomach'ic  fever,.  Syii'ochus  Bilio'sa.  A  name, 
given  by  some  to  bilious  fever,  which  has  ap- 
peared to  them  to  be  dependent  on  an  affection  of 
the  stomach.  Also,  called  3Ienin' go-gastric  fever, 
Febris  meningo-gae'triea,  Ileningo-gastri'tis,  Har- 
vest fever,  (F.)  Fievre  de  la  Moisson,  F.  3Ieningo- 
gastrique. 

Fever,  Gastro-Adynaji'ic,  Fehris  gastro- 
adynam'ica.  A  fever,  in  which  the  symptoas 
of  bilious  fever  are  joined  with  those  of  adynamic 
fever. 

Fever,  Gastro-Angioten'ic.  A  fever,  in 
which  the  symptoms  of  bilious  are  united  with 
those  of  inflammatory  fever. 

Fever,  Gastro-Atax'ic.  A  fever,  in  which 
the  symptoms  of  bilious  fever  are  united  with 
those  of  ataxic  fever. 

Fever,  Gibraltar,  Fever,  yellow — f.  Harvest, 
F.  Gastric — f.  HfEmagastric,  F.  yellow. 

Fever,  H^mop'toic,  Fehris  Ilamopto' ica.  A 
variety  of  masked  intermittent,  in  which  periodi- 
cal hsemoptysis  is  the  chief  symptom. 

Fever,  Hay,  Catarr'hus  cBsti'viis,  Summer  Ca- 
tarrh, Hay  Asthma,  Rose  Catarrh,  Summer  Bron- 
chi'tis.  A  catarrh,  to  which  certain  persons  are 
subject  in  summer,  and  which  has  been  ascribed 
in  England  to  the  efiluvium  of  hay,  but  this  is 
not  the  probable  cause.  It  is  a  catarrh  with 
sneezing,  headach,  weeping,  snuffling  and  cough, 
with,  at  times,  fever  and  general  discomfort.  It 
is  not  uncommon  in  this  country.  It  disappears 
spontaneously, — to  recur  on  subsequent  years 
about  the  same  period. 

Fever,  Hebdom'adal.  A  supposititious  fever, 
whose  paroxysms  return  weekly,  and  on  the  same 
day. 

Fever,  Hectic,  see  Consumption,  and  Hectic 
Fever. 

Fever,  Hepat'ic  or  Hepatal'gic.  A  perni- 
cious intermittent,  with  violent  pain  in  the  right 
hypoehondrium. 

Fever,  Hill.  A  modification  of  remittent, 
occurring  in  the  hilly  districts  of  India. 

Fevee,  Hospital,  Tj^phus  gravior. 

Fever,  Hu'moral,  Febris  humora'lis.  Fever, 
in  which  an  alteration  or  detprioration  of  the  hu- 
mours is  suspected. 


FEVER 


376 


FEVER 


Fever,  HrN'cART,  Fehris  Hungar'ica  seu 
'  Pannon' iea  seu  Morbus  Ungar'icus,  Cephalon'- 
ntus,  Vermis  cer'ebri,  (F.)  Filvre  Hongroise  ou 
de  Hongrie.  An  epidemic  typhus,  common 
amongst  the  soldiers  in  barracks,  in  Hungary. 

Fever,  Htdrophob'ic,  Fehria  hi/drophob'ica. 
Pernicious  intermittent  with  dread  of  liquids. 

Fever,  Hyster'ic,  Febria  hyster'ica.  Hyste- 
ria, accompanied  by  fever.  Hysteria,  occurring 
•with  each  paroxysm  of  intermittent. 

Fever,  Icter'ic,  Febris  icter'ica.  Fever,  ac- 
companied by  jaundice.  Some  intermittents  ex- 
hibit this  comjjlication  at  each  paroxysm. 

Fever,  In'fantile  E,emit'tent,  Febris  infan'- 
tnm,  remit'tens,  F.  vermino'sa,  (of  many).  Spurious 
worra  fever,  Remittent  fever  of  children,  F.  muco'- 
»a  vermino'sa,  Hec'tica  infan'tilis,  Febris  lento.. 
A  fever  occurring  in  childhood,  which  often  as- 
sumes many  of  the  characters  of  hydrocephalus. 
It  appears  generally  to  be  dependent  upon  a 
morbid  condition  of  the  stomach  and  bowels. 

Fever,  Inflammatory,  Synocha. 

Fever,  Insid'ious.  Fever,  which,  at  first, 
seems  devoid  of  danger,  but  subsequently  becomes 
of  a  more  or  less  malignant  character. 

Fever,  Intermittent,  see  Intermittent  fever 
— f.  Jail,  Tyjihus  gravior — f.  Jungle,  see  Jungle 
fever  —  f.  Lenticular,  MUiary  fever — f.  Irritative, 
Irritation,  morbid. 

Fever,  Lo'chial,  Fehris  locMa'lis.  That  ac- 
celeration of  the  circulation  which  sometimes 
occurs  during  the  discharge  of  the  lochia. 

Fever,  Lung,  Catarrh,  Pneumonia. 

Fever,  Malig'nant,  Febris  malig'na.  Fever 
which  makes  its  approaches  insidiously,  and  sub- 
sequently becomes  formidable.  Any  fever  which 
exhibits  a  very  dangerous  aspect.  Typihus  gra- 
vior. 

Fever,  Malig'nant  Pestilential,  Fever, 
yellow  —  f.  Marsh,  Elodes  (febris.) 

Fever,  Masked,  Fehris  larva' ta,  (F.)  Fievre 
larvee,  Dead  Ague,  Dumb  Ague.  Anomalous  in- 
termittent, the  paroxysms  of  which  have  not  the 
regular  stages. 

Fever,  Meningo- gastric.  Fever  gastric. 

Fever,  Mesenter'ic,  Fehris  mesenter'ica.  A 
name  given,  by  Baglivi,  to  a  species  of  fever 
which  appears  to  have  belonged  either  to  the 
■mucous  or  bilious. 

Fever,  Milk,  Febris  lac' tea,  (F.)  Fievre  de 
lait  ou  laiteuse,  F.  lactee ;  Galactop'yra,  Galac- 
topyr'etus.  The  fever,  which  precedes  or  accom- 
panies the  secretion  of  milk  in  women  recently 
delivered.  It  comes  on  generally  about  the  third 
day  after  delivery,  and  is  characterized  by  quick 
pulse;  increased  heat;  redness  of  face;  diminu- 
tion or  temporary  suspension  of  the  lochial  dis- 
charge; tumefaction  and  tension  of  the  breasts. 
It  commonly  terminates  in  twenty-four  hours, 
and  often  with  profuse  perspiration.  It  requires 
the  use  of  antiphlogistics,  with  dry  diet. 

Fever,  Mixed,  Synochus — f.  Mucous,  F.  ade- 
no-meningeal. 

Fever  Nephrit'ic,  Fehris  nepArit'ica.  Inter- 
mittent fever,  accompanied  with  nephritic  pain 
during  the  paroxysm. 

Fever,  Nervotjs,  Febris  nervo'sa  seu  nenro'- 
des,  Febris  lenta  nervo'sa,  Neurop'yra,Neuropyr'- 
ttus.  A  variety  of  Typhus;  the  Tyjjhus  mitior 
of  CuUen.  By  many,  however,  it  is  esteemed  a 
distinct  disease.     See  Typhoid  fever. 

Fever,  Xervous,  with  Exanthematous 
Eruption,  Typhus. 

Fever,  Niger.  A  malignant  fever,  of  the 
Ijilious  remittent  kind,  which  proved  fatal  to 
many  in  the  expeditions  sent  out  by  the  British 
j;i)vernment  to  exy^lore  the  Niger,  in  the  years 
li^-i]  -2,  and  previously 


Fever,  Non'ane,  Fehris  nona'na.  A  supposi- 
titious fever,  whose  paroxysms  recur  every  ninth 
day,  or  every  eight  days. 

Fever,  Oc'tane,  Febris  octa'na.  An  intermit- 
tent, whose  paroxj'sms  recur  every  eighth  day. 

Fever,  Paltdal,  Intermittent — f.  Paroxys- 
mal, Remittent  fever  —  f.  Periodic,  Intermittent. 

Fever,  Peeiod'ical,  Febris  per-iod'ica.  An 
intermittent  or  remittent  fever. 

Fever  Peenic"ious,  Febris  pernicio'sa.  In- 
termittent fever,  when  attended  with  great  dan- 
ger, and  which  destroys  the  majority  of  those 
affected  by  it  in  the  first  four  or  five  paroxysms ; 
sometimes  in  the  very  first. 

Fever,  Pestilen'tial,  Febris  pestilentia'Us. 
The  Plague.  Also  a  severe  case  of  typhus.  The 
yellow  fever  and  sweating  sickness  have,  like- 
wise, been  thus  designated. 

Fever,  Pestilential,  of  Cattle,  Murr  —  f. 
Pituitous,  F.  adeno-meningeal. 

Fever,  Pleurit'ic.  An  intermittent  or  re- 
mittent, accompanied  with  inflammation  of  the 
pleura. 

Fever,  Pneumon'ic,  Febris  pneumon'ica.  An 
intermittent,  accompanied  with  inflammation  of 
the  lungs.     Also,  pneumonia. 

Fever   Poison,  see  Poison. 

Fever,  Pseudo.     Irritation,  morbid. 

Fever,  Puer'peral,  Febrispuerpera'lis,  Child- 
bed fever,  (F.)  Fievre  puerperale.  This  name 
has  been  given  to  several  acute  diseases,  su- 
pervening on  delivery.  It  means,  generally,  a 
malignant  variety  of  peritonitis,  which  runs  its 
course  very  rapidly,  and  passes  into  a  typhoid 
condition,  unless  met,  at  the  very  onset,  by  the 
most  active  depleting  measures.  By  the  gene- 
rality of  practitioners,  it  is  esteemed  to  be  emi- 
nently contagious ;  some,  however,  deny  that  it 
is  so.     See  Peritonitis,  and  Puerperal  fever. 

Fever,  Puerperal  Adynamic  or  Malignant, 
see  Peritonitis. 

Fever,  Puking,  Milk  sickness. 

Fever,  Pu'rulent,  Febris  purulen'ta.  Fever, 
which  accompanies  suppuration. 

Fever,  Putrid,  Typhus  gravior. 

Fever,  Quintan,  Febris  quinta'na.  A  fever, 
whose  paroxysms  return  every  fifth  day.  It  is 
seen  rarely,  or  never. 

Fever,  Quotidian,  see  Quotidian  —  f.  Red 
Tongue,  see  Typhus. 

Fever,  Reg'ular,  Fehris  regula'ris  seu  ex- 
quisi'ta.  An  intermittent  whose  paroxysms  fol- 
low a  determinate  type.  It  is  opposed  to  atypic. 
Sometimes  opposed  to  anomalous. 

Fever,  Remittent,  see  Remittent  Fever  —  f. 
Remittent,  infantile,  see  Fever,  infantile  remit- 
tent—  f.  Remittent  of  children,  F.  infantile  re- 
mittent—  f.  Rheumatic,  Rheumatism,  acute  —  f. 
Root,  Triosteum  perfoliatum. 

Fever,  Scorbu'tic,  Febris  scorbu'tica.  The 
febrile  movement,  which  sometimes  accompanies 
scorbutus  or  scurvy. 

Fever,  Seasoning,  F.,  strangers'. 

Fever,  Sec'ondary.  A  febrile  condition,  which 
recurs  in  certain  afi"ections  after  having  ceased; 
such  as  the  secondary  fever,  which  comes  on  at 
the  time  of  the  maturation  of  the  variolous 
pustules,  or  as  the  eruption  of  scarlatina,  <te., 
disappears. 

Fever,  Septan,  Fehris  septa'na.  An  inter- 
mittent, whose  paroxysms  recur  every  six  days, 
and  consequently  on  the  seventh. 

Ff.ver,  Sextan,  Febris  sexta'na.  A  fever, 
which  recurs  every  five  days,  and  consequently 
on  the  sixth. 

Fever,  Ship,  see  T3'phus. 

Fever,  Simple,  Febris  Simplex.  Simple  fever 
is  that  which  has  no  predominant  character— 


FEVER 


377 


FIBRE 


bilious,  inflammatory,  or  nervous  ,•  and  which  is 
unaccompanied  by  any  local  determination,  hy- 
perasmia,  or  complication.  It  may  be  continued, 
remittent,  or  intermittent. 

Fever,  Simple  Continued.  This  is  the  most 
favourable  form  of  continued  fever,  and  has  a 
tendency  to  wear  itself  out,  provided  only  the 
IcFclentia  be  avoided.  The  prognosis  is  conse- 
quently favourable,  and  the  treatment  simple ; 
consisting  ia  perfect  repose  of  body  and  mind, 
abstinence,  and  relieving  the  thirst  by  cold 
drinks. 

Fever,  SiNGtrL'TOUS,  Fehris  sincfulto'sa  sen 
li/r/mo'des  sen  lyngo'dea.  Fever,  accompanied 
with  singultus  or  hiccough. 

Fever,  Spotted,  Typhus  gravior. 

Fever,  STEn'conAh,  Fein's  stercora'lis.  Fever, 
produced  by  an  accumulation  of  faeces  in  the  in- 
testines. 

Fever,  Stomachic,  Gastric  Fever. 

Fever,  Strangers',  Aceli'mating  or  Seasoning 
fever.  Tellow,  or  remittent  fever,  which  is  en- 
demic in  certain  places,  and  to  which  strangers 
are  especially  liable. 

Fever,  Subcontinual,  Remittent  Fever. 

Fever,  Subintrant,  Fehris  suhin' trans.  An 
intermittent,  in  which  one  paroxysm  is  scarcely 
finished  before  the  other  begins. 

Fever,  Sweating,  Sudor  Anglieus. 

Fever,  Syn'copal,  Fehris  syncopa'lis,  F.  mi- 
nu'ta,  (F.)  Fievre  syncopate.  A  variety  of  per- 
nicious intermittent,  in  which  there  is,  in  every 
paroxysm,  one  or  more  faintings. 

Fever,  Synochoid,  Sj^nochus. 

Fever,  Stphilit'ic,  Febris  sypJiilit'ica.  Fever, 
accompanying  syphilis,  or  supposed  to  be  owing 
to  a  syphilitic  taint. 

Fever,  Ter'tian,  Fehris  tertia'na.  A  fever, 
whose  paroxysm  returns  on  the  third  day,  and 
consequently  every  two  days. 

Fever,  Trag"ic,  Fehris  Trag"ica.  A  low 
fever,  in  which  the  patient  declaims  like  an  actor 
during  the  delirium. 

Feveh,  Traumat'ic,  Fehris  traumat'ica.  The 
fever,  which  supervenes  on  wounds  or  great  sur- 
gical operations. 

Fever,  TypHorD,  see  Typhus  —  f.  Typhoid,  of 
India,  Cholera — f.  Typhous.  Typhus. 

Fever,  VER'sriNOCS,  Fehris  vermino'sa,  Hel- 
minthop'yra,  Worm  fever.  Fever,  produced  by 
the  presence  of  worms  in  the  digestive  tube,  or 
accompanied  by  their  expulsion. 

Fever,  Vernal,  Fehris  veriia'lis.  An  inter- 
mittent or  other  fever  occurring  in  the  spring. 
Vernal  intermittents  were  formerly  considered 
salubrious. 

"  An  agrae  in  the  spring 
Is  pliysic  for  a  king." 

Fever,  Vesicular,  Pemphigus. 

Fever,  Wal'cheren,  Gall-sickness.  The  re- 
mittents and  intermittents  to  which  the  British 
txoops  were  exposed,  who  were  attached  to  the 
expedition  to  T\''alcheren,  in  1809. 

Fever,  Water  Braix,  Hydrocephalus  inter- 
nus — f.  Winter,  see  Tongue,  black  —  f.  Worm, 
Verminous  F. — f.  Worm,  spurious.  Fever,  infan- 
tile remittent. 

Fever,  Yellow,  Fehris  flava,  F.  seu  Peftis 
America'na,  Cholo'sis  America'na,  Oehrofyphus, 
Loimocholo' sis,  F.  flava  Americano' rum,  Pesti- 
J-eii'tia  hcemogas'trica,  Pestis  oecidenta'lis  seu  in- 
tertrop'ica,  Vom'itus  niger,  Epan'etus  malignus 
flavus,  Remitt'ens  ictero'des,  TritcBopli' ya  Ameri- 
ca'na, Typhus  ictero'des,  F.trop'icns,  F.contin'ua 
pu'trida  ictero'des  Caroliniensis,  F.  Elo'des  icte- 
ro'des, Fehris  malig'na  bilio'saAmer'iccB,  OcTii'op'- 
yra,  Syn'oehus  ictero'des,  Fievre  matelote,  Fehris 
malig'na  flava  In'dim   Oecidenta'lis,   Ende'mial 


Caiisus  of  the  West  Indies,  Causus  trop'icus  en- 
dem'  icns,  B  ilious  remitting  yellow  fever,  Maligna  at 
pestilential  fever ,  Fievre  Jaune  d'Ameriqxie,  Fievre 
gastro-adynamique,  Typhus  miasmatique  ataxiqve 
putride  jaune,  T.  jaune,  Vomito  prieto,  Vomito 
negro,  Mai  de  Siam,  Fievre  de  la  Barhade,  F.  de 
Siam,  F.  Icterique,  F.  Gastro-hepatique,  Hcsma- 
gas'tric  Fever  or  Pes'tilcnce,  Black  vomit,  Fehris 
tox'ica,  Febris  trop'ica,  Typhus  d' Amerique,  Bu- 
lam  Fever,  Gibraltar  Fever,  Barcelona  Fever.  A 
very  acute  and  dangerous  febrile  affection ;  so 
called,  because  complicated,  in  its  second  stage, 
with  jaundice,  and  accompanied  by  vomiting  of 
black  matter.  Sauvages,  Cullen,  and  others  re- 
gard it  as  a  variety  of  typhus ;  and  Pinel,  as  a 
species  of  gastro-adynamic,  or  bilious  putrid  fever. 
It  occurs,  endemieally,  only  within  the  tropics  ; 
but  it  has  been  met  with  epidemically  in  tho 
temperate  regions.  Broussais  regards  the  disease 
as  gastro-enteritis,  exasperated  by  atmospheric 
heat;  so  that  it  runs  through  its  stages  with 
much  greater  rapidity  than  the  gastro-enteritia 
of  our  climates.  The  yellow  colour  of  the  skin, 
according  to  him,  is  owing  to  the  inflammation 
of  the  small  intestine, — and  especially  of  the  duo- 
denum,—  augmenting  the  secretion  of  the  liver, 
and  at  the  same  time  preventing  its  discharge 
into  the  duodenum.  The  pathology  of  this  affec- 
tion, as  well  as  its  origin,  is  still  unsettled.  The 
treatment  must  generally  be  of  the  most  active 
nature  at  the  onset;  consisting  in  bleeding  largely, 
and  exhibiting  mercury,  so  as  to  excite  a  new 
action,  if  possible;  —  the  other  symptoms  being 
combated  according  to  general  principles.  It 
must  vary,  however,  according  to  the  epidemic. 

FEVERBUSH,  Laurus  benzoin,  Prinos. 

FEVER  DROPS,  Warburg's,  see  Bebeeru. 

FEVERET,  Febricula. 

FEVERFEW,  Matricaria. 

FE'VERISH,  Fe'verotis,  Feb'riens,  Fehrico'sns, 
(F.)  Fievreux,  from  fehris,  'fever.'  That  which 
causes  fever  or  is  febrifa'cient  or  febrif'ic;  as 
feverish  food,  feverish  diathesis,  kc.  Also,  the 
state  of  one  labouring  under  fever,  Feversick. 

FE'VERISHNESS,  Febricita'tio,  Fehriculos'- 
ity.  The  state  of  having  fever.  A  slight  febrile 
disorder. 

FEVEROUS,  Feverish. 

FEVERROOT,  Pterospora  andromedea. 

FEVERSICK,  see  Feverish. 

FEVERTREE,  Pinckneya  pubens. 

FEVERWOOD,  Laurus  benzoin. 

FEVERWORT,  Eupatorium  perfoliatum,  Tri- 
osteum. 

FIBER,  Castor  fiber. 

FIBRA,  Fibre  —  f.  Aurea,  Coptis — f.  Nervea, 
Nerve-fibre — f.  Sanguinis,  Fibrin. 

FIBR^  ARCIFORMES,  see  Arciform. 

FIBRE,  Fihra,  Is,  Ctedon,  Filiim.  An  organic 
filament,  of  a  solid  consistence,  and  more  or  less 
extensible,  which  enters  into  the  composition  of 
every  animal  and  vegetable  texture.  The  simple 
or  elementary  fibre  of  the  ancients,  from  a  parti- 
cular assemblage  and  arrangement  of  which  every 
texture  of  the  body  was  conceived  to  be  consti- 
tuted, seems  entirely  ideal.  The  moderns  usually 
admit,  with  Haller  and  Blumenbach,  three  ele- 
mentary fibres  or  tissues.  1.  The  ce/^((/frr  or  lami- 
nated, formed  chiefly  of  thin  plates,  of  a  whitish 
colour  and  extensible,  which  seems  to  consist  of 
concrete  gelatin.  2.  The  nervous,  pxdpy,  or  med'~ 
ullary,  formed  of  a  soft  substance,  contained  in 
a  cellular  sheath,  and  consisting  of  albumen 
united  to  a  fatty  matter.  3.  The  muscular,  com- 
posed of  round  filaments,  of  a  grayish  or  reddish 
colour,  and  formed  of  fibrin.  Chaussier  has  added 
to  these  the  alhugineous  fibre,  but  it  Eeeiad  to 


FIBEIL 


srs 


FIDERIS 


differ  from  the  cellular  fibre  only  in  greater  con- 
deD»ation  of  the  molecules.     See  Fibrous. 

A  very  small  or  ultimate  fibre  is  called  a  Fibril, 
Fibril' la. 

Fibre,  Albdgineous,  see  Albuginea. 

FIBRES,  CONVERG"INGI-.  Nervous  fibres, 
•whose  office  it  is  to  associate  diiferent  portions 
of  the  nervous  centres  with  each  other.  They 
form  the  Commissures. 

Fibres,  Diveiig"ing.  The  fibres  composing  the 
columns  of  the  medulla  oblongata,  which  separate 
in  their  progress  to  the  periphery  of  the  cerebrum 
and  cerebellum. — Gall  and  Spurzheim. 

Fibres,  Remak.  Fibres  described  by  Remak 
as  peculiar  to  the  sympathetic  nerve,  but  which 
Valentin  considers  to  be  neurilemma,  and  to  con- 
sist of  fibro-cellular  bundles. 

FIBRIL,  see  Fibre. 

FIBRILLA,  Fibril  —  f.  Muscularis,  Muscular 
fibre. 

FI'BRIN"  or  FiVrin,  Fibrine,  Fibri'na,  Fi- 
hri'ne, .  Fibra  san'guinis,  Mate'ria  fihro'sa,  Lym- 
2>ha  plas'iica.  An  immediate  animal  principle 
—  solid,  white,  and  inodorous;  insipid;  heavier 
than  water;  without  action  on  the  vegetable 
blues:  elastic,  when  moist;  hard  and  brittle 
when  dry.  It  enters  into  the  composition  of  the 
chyle  and  the  blood,  and  forms  the  chief  part  of 
the  muscles  of  red-blooded  animals.  In  certain 
diseased  actions.  Fibrin  or  Coagulable  lymph, 
gluten,  is  separated  from  the  blood,  and  is  found 
in  considerable  q^uantity  on  the  surfaces  of  mem- 
branes, and  in  the  cavities  of  the  body.  See 
Liquor  Sanguinis. 

Fibrin  is  likewise  a  proximate  principle  of 
vegetables,  and  diifers  but  little  in  chemical  com- 
pogition  from  animal  fibrin ;  nor  does  it  differ 
much  from  albumen  and  casein.  It  is,  however, 
more  organizable  than  either.  Albumen  appears 
to  be  converted  into  fibrin,  when  it  becomes  emi- 
nently adapted  for  the  formation  of  living  tissue. 

Fibrin  is  very  nutritious. 

FIBRINA'TION,  Fibrina'tio.  The  act  of 
adding  fibrin  to  the  blood.  The  opposite  to  deji- 
hrination. 

FIB'RINOUS,  Fibrino'sus.  Thatwhich  is  com- 
posed of  fibrin,  or  has  the  appearance  of  fibrin. 

FIBRO-CAR'TILAGE,  Fibro-cartila'go.  An 
organic  tissue,  partaking  of  the  nature  of  the 
fibrous  tissue,  and  of  that  of  cartilage.  It  is 
dense,  resisting,  elastic,  firm,  supple,  and  flexible. 
Fibro-cartilages  are  distinguished  into, — 1.  3[em- 
l»:aniform,  or  those  which  serve  as  moulds  to  cer- 
tain parts,  as  the  alas  nasi  and  eyelids.  2.  Vagi- 
niform,  or  those  which  form  sheaths  for  the 
sliding  of  tendons.  3.  Inter  articular,  those  which 
are  met  with  in  the  moveable  articulations.  4. 
Uniting,  (F.)  Fibro-cartilages  d'union,  which  form 
a  junction  between  two  bones,  as  the  symphysis 
pubis.  Fibro-cartilages  are  sometimes  formed 
adventitiously,  as  the  result  of  a  morbid  process 
in  difi'erent  organs. 

Fibro-Cartilages,  Tahsal,  see  Tarsus. 

FIBROMA,  Tumour,  fibrous. 

FIBRO-MUCOUS,  Fibro-muco'sua.  Possess- 
ing the  nature  of  fibrous  and  of  mucous  mem- 
branes. A  term  applied  to  fibrous  membranes, 
which  are  intimately  united  with  other  mem- 
branes of  a  mucous  nature,  as  the  ^j!V?nVaj'^  me»i- 
irane,  the  membrane  cf  the  urethra,  Ac. 

FIBRO-SEROUS,  Fibi  o-eero' sub.  Possessing 
the  nature  of  fibrous  and  serous  membranes. 
Membranes,  composed  of  a  fibrous,  and  a  serous 
sheet,  intimately  united:  —  as  the  Dura  Mater, 
Pericardium,  Tunica  albiiginea  testis,  &c. 

FI'BROUS,  Fibro'sus.  Composed  of  fibres. 
Certain  membranes,  as  the  dura  mater,  perios- 


teum, ligamentous  capsules  of  the  joints,  <tc.,  are 
fibrous.  The  fibrous  system  of  Bichat  includes 
the  system  of  organs  formed  by  the  albiigineous 
fibre  of  Cbaussier.  It  comprises,  particularly, 
the  periosteum  and  perichondrium ;  the  articular 
capsules  and  ligaments;  the  tendons;  the  dura 
mater,  pericardium,  tunica  sclerotica,  tunica  al- 
buginea testis,  outer  membrane  of  the  spleen, 
&c.  Under  simple  fibrous  tisanes,  certain  writers 
have  classed  the  -white  and  ydlnw  fibrous  tissues, 
and  areolar  tissue.  Both  tLe  yellow  and  the 
white  may  be  detected  in  tlie  areolar  tissue.  The 
■white  is  said  to  exist  alone  in  ligaments,  tendons, 
fibrous  membranes,  aponeuroses,  <te.  The  yellow 
exists  separately  in  the  middle  coat  of  the  arte- 
ries, the  chordae  voeales,  ligamentum  nuchas  of 
quadrupeds,  <fcc.  It  differs  from  the  white  in 
possessing  a  high  degree  of  elasticity. 

Fibrous  Growth,  Tumour,  fibrous  —  f.  Matter 
of  the  Brain,  see  Cerebrum  —  f.  Membranes,  see 
Membranes,  fibrous. 

FIB'ULA,  Cruris  ra'dius,  Camia  minor,  Os 
per'one,  Perone'tim,  Fac"ile  minus,  Sura.Arnn'do 
minor,  Fist'ida  Cruris,  Tib'ia  min'ima,  Os  tib'ia 
minus,  'a  clasp.'  The  splinter  bone  of  the  leg. 
(F.)  Perone.  The  long,  small  bone,  situate  at 
the  outer  part  of  the  leg.  The  superior  or  tibial 
extremity  of  the  fibula  is  rounded  and  forms  the 
caput  or  head.  It  is  articulated  with  the  tibia. 
Its  inferior  or  tarsal  extremity  is  broader  than 
the  superior.  It  is  articulated  with  the  tibia  and 
astragalus,  and  forms  the  malleolus  externus  or 
uter  ankle  by  means  of  its  coronoid  process. 
The  body  of  the  bone  has  three  faces,  having 
more  or  less  prominent  edges.  It  is  separated 
from  the  tibia  by  the  interosseous  space,  and  is 
developed  by  three  points  of  ossification ;  one  at 
the  body,  and  one  at  each  extremity.  It  prevents 
the  foot  from  turning  outwards. 

FIBULAD,  see  Fibular  Aspect. 

FIBULAR,  Peroneal. 

Fibular  Aspect.    An  aspect  towards  the  sida 
on  which  the  fibula  is  situated. — Barclay.     Fib'- 
idad  is  used  by  the  same  writer  adverbially,  to 
signify  '  towards  the  fibular  aspect.' 
>IBULATIO,  Infibulatio. 

FIC,  Ficus. 

FICAIEE,  Ranunculus  ficaria. 

FICARIA,  Scrophularia  aquatica — f.  Commu- 
nis, Ranunculus  ficaria  —  f.  Ranunculoides,  Ra- 
nunculus ficaria — f.  Verna,  Ranunculus  ficaria. 

FICATIO,  Ficus. 

FICOSA  EMINENTIA,  Ficus. 

FICUS,  Syce,  Sy'cea,  Sycum,  Syco'sis,  Syco'- 
ma,  Fica'tio,  Fieo'sus  Tumor,  Fico'sa  eminen'tia, 
Maris'ca,  (F.)  Fie.  A  fleshy  excrescence,  often 
soft  and  reddish,  sometimes  hard  and  scirrhous, 
hanging  by  a  peduncle,  or  formed  like  a  fig; 
occurring  on  the  eyelids,  chin,  tongue,  anus,  or 
organs  of  generation.  The  fici  seated  on  the 
last-mentioned  pai-ts  are  generally  of  a  syphilitic 
character. 

Ficus,  E.  Carica. 

Ficus  Car'ica,  F.  commu'nis.  The  systematic 
name  of  the  fig  tree;  (F.)  Figw'er.  Carica, 
Ficus,  Ficiis  vulga'ris,  Ficus  cotnmu'nis,  Syce, 
avKv,  (F.)  Figue:  the  ^g  — Ficus,  (Ph.  U.  S.)  — 
is  a  pleasant  fruit  when  ripe;  as  well  as  when 
dried  in  the  state  in  which  it  is  found  in  the 
shops.  It  is  used,  at  times,  in  place  of  a  eata^ 
plasm  ;  especially  in  gum-boils. 

Ficus  Communis,  F.  Carica  —  f.  Indise  grana, 
Coccus  cacti  —  f.  Indica,  Musa  paradisiaea,  see 
Caoutchouc  and  Lacea — f.  Religiosa.  see  Laeca. 

FIDERIS,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  These 
waters,  in  the  Canton  of  the  Grisons,  are  strong, 
acidulous,  and  alkaline  and  possess  all  the  vir- 
tues of  the  class. 


FIDGETS 


379 


FIOLE 


FIDGETS.  Of  doubtful  etymology.  Bys- 
p\or'ia  simphx,  D.  nemo'sa,  Urethis'nms  simplex, 
Tituha'tin,  (P.)  FretUlement.  General  restless- 
ness and  troublesome  uneasiness  of  the  nerves 
and  muscles ;  with  increased  sensibility,  and  in- 
ability of  fixing  the  attention,  accompanied  with 
a  perpetual  desire  of  changing  the  position.  See 
Agaccment  des  Nerfs. 

FIDICINALES,  Lumbricales  manus. 

FIEL,  Bile. 

FIELDWEED,  Anthemis  cotula,  Erigeron 
Philadelphicum. 

FIEVRE,  Fever—-/.  d'Aeces,  Intermittent 
fever—/.  Adynamiqne,  Typhus — /.  Algide,  see 
Algidus — /.  d' Amour,  Fever,  erotic — /  Angeio- 
tenique,  Synocha — /.  Annuelle,  see  Annual  Dis- 
«ases  — •/.  Ardent,  Ardent  fever,  Synocha  — / 
Afaxique,  Typhus  — /.  de  la  Barhade,  Fever, 
yellow — /.  Bulleuse,  Pemphigus — /.  des  Camps, 
Typhus  gravior — /  Catarrhale,  Catarrh — /.  Oa- 
tarrhale  epidemique,  Influenza — -f.  Cerehrale,  Ce- 
rebral fever — /.  Cerebrale  des  Etifans,  Hydroce- 
phalus internus — /.  Cholerique,  Choleric  fever — 
/.  de  Consomption,  see  Consumption — /.  Conti- 
vente  inflammatoire,  Synocha  — /.  JDelirante, 
Fever,  delirious  — /.  Douhle,  Fever,  double  — /. 
Doublee,  Fever,  double  — /.  Entero-mesenterique, 
Typhoid  fever — -f.  Etique,  Hectic  fever — /.  Gastro- 
adynamique.  Fever,  yellow — /.  Gastro-hepa- 
tique,  Fever,  yellow — f,  Hectiqiie,  Hectic  fever 
— /.  de  Hongrie,  Fever,  Hungaric — -/.  d'Hopitcd, 
Typhus  gravior — /.  Icterique,  Fever,  yellow — 
/.  Inflammatoire,  Synocha — f.  Intermittente,  In- 
termittent fever — f.  Intermittente  paludienne,  see 
Elodes — -f.  Irritative,  Synocha — ■/.  Jaune  d'Ame- 
rique,  Fever,  yellow — /.  Lactee,  Fever,  milk  — /. 
de  Lait,  Fever,  milk — -f.  Laiteuse,  Fever,  milk  — 
/.  Larvee,  Fever,  masked  — /.  Lenticulaire,  Ty- 
phus gravior — ■/.  dii  Levant,  Plague — /.  des  3fa- 
rais  —  Intermittent  Fever  — /  Matelote,  Fever, 
yellow — -f,  lleningo-gastrique,  Fever,  gastric — f. 
Mesenteriqne,  see  Typhus  — /.  de  la  3foisson, 
Fever,  gastric — /.  MorhiUense,  Rubeola — -f.  Ner- 
veuse,  Typhus  mitior  — /.  Nosocomiale,  Typhus 
gravior — ■/.  Ortiee,  Urticaria  —  f.  Oseitanie,  Osci- 
tant  fever — ■/._  Paludienne,  see  Elodes — f.  Pirio- 
dique,  Intermittent  fever — /.  Peripneumonique, 
Pneumonia—/.  Pernicieuse  delirante,  see  Delirious 
— -f.  Pleuretique,  Pleurisy — -f.  des  Prisons,  Typhus 
gravior — /  Pneumonique,  Pneumonia — /.  Pour- 
piree.  Scarlatina — /.  Puerperale,  Fever,  puerpe- 
ral, see  Peritonitis — /.  Quarte,  Quartan — /.  Qno- 
tidienne.  Quotidian  — /.  Remittente,  Remittent 
fever — /.  Ehumatismale,  Rheumatism,  acute  — 
/.  Rouge,  Roseolse,  Scarlatina—/.  Sanguine,  Sy- 
nocha — /.  Semitierce,  Hemitriteea  — /.  de  Siam, 
Fever,  yellow — f.  Suante,  Sudor  Picardicus — /. 
Syncopale,  see  Fever  syncopal,  and  Syncopal — /. 
Tierce,  Tertian  fever,/.  Typho'ide,  see  Typhus  — 
/.  Vesicvlaire,  Pemphigus. 

FIEVREUX,  Feverish. 

FIG,  INDIAN,  Cactus  opuntia. 

FIGUE,  see  Ficus  carica. 

FIGUIER,  Ficus  carica — /.  d'Inde,  Cactus 
opuntia. 

FIGURA  VENOSA,  Circulus  venosus. 

FIGURATIO,  Imagination. 

FIGURE^,  Countenance. 

FIGURE,  (F.)  An  epithet  for  a  compressive 
bandage,  applied  over  the  head  after  bleeding 
from  the  frontal  vein.  It  has  also  been  called 
bandage  royal. 

FIGWORT,  Scrophularia  nodosa  —  f.  "Water, 
greater,  Scrophularia  aquatica. 

FILACEOUS,  Filamentous. 

FILA  NERVEA,  Nerve-fibres. 

FIL'AMENT,  Fihm,  Filamen'tum,  ixomfilum, 


'a  thread.'  This  word  is  used  synonymously 
with  fibril;  thus,  we  say,  a  nervo7is  or  cellular 
filament  or  fibril.  Also,  the  glairy,  thread-like 
substance,  which  forms  in  the  urine  in  some  dis- 
eases, and  which  depends  on  a  particular  secre- 
tion from  the  mucous  membrane  of  the  urinary 
passages. 

FILAMEN'TOUS,  Filamento'sus.  Filaceous  ; 
threadlike  ;  filiform.  Containing  threadlike  sub- 
stances, as  the  tunica  filamentosa  or  decidual 
- — Filamentous  wine;  urine  containing  thread- 
like substances. 

FILAMENTUM,  Fr»num. 

FILARIA  GUINEENSIS,  Dracunculus  — £ 
Hominis  bronchialis,  see  Worms — f.  Medinensis, 
Dracunculus — f.  Oculi,  see  "Worms. 

FILBERT,  Corylus  avellana. 

FILELLUM,  Frsenum. 

FILET  (DE  LA  LANGUE.)  Fra?num— /.  de 
la  Verge,  Frsenum  penis — /.  Operation  du,  see 
Fraenum. 

FILETUM,  Fraemtm  linguiB. 

FILICULA,  Polypodium  filix  mas — f.  Dulci?, 
Polypodium  vulgare. 

FIL'IFORM,  Filiform' is,  from fi.him,  'a  thread,' 
and  forma,  'form;'  having  the  shape  of  a  thread," 
as  the  filiform  papillm  of  the  tongue.  See  Pa^ 
pillfe. 

FILING,  Limatio. 

FILIPENDULA,  Spiraea  filipendula. 

FILIUS  ANTE  PATREM,  Tussilago. 

FILIX  FCEMINEA,  Pteris  aquilina  — f.  Flo- 
rida, Osmunda  regalis — f.  Mas,  Polypodium  filix 
mas  —  f.  Non  ramosa  dentata.  Polj'podiura  filix 
mas  —  Nymphasa,  Pteris  aquilina  —  f.  Pinnata, 
Polypodium  filix  mas — f.  Veneris,  Adiantum  pe. 
datum. 

FILLE,  Girl. 

FILLET,  Fascia,  Laqueus. 

FILTRA'TION,  Filtra'tio,  Percola'tio,  E'thi- 
sis,  Etliis'mus.  A  pharmaceutical  operation, 
which  consists  in  passing  a  fluid  through  a  filter 
or  strainer,  for  the  purpose  of  clarifying  it.  In 
ancient  physiology,  it  meant  the  action  by  which 
the  difi'erent  humours  of  the  body  are  separated 
from  the  mass  of  the  blood. 

FILTRUM.  A  filter.  Any  porous  material : 
such  as  sand,  some  kinds  of  freestone,  powdered 
charcoal,  pounded  glass,  flannel,  unsized  paper, 
&Q,.,  through  which  a  fluid  is  passed  for  the  purpose 
of  separating.it  from  the  matters  suspended  in  it. 

FILUM,  Filament  —  f.  Musculare,  Muscular 
fibre — f.  Taeniaforme,  Tseniola. 

FiLTJM  Termixa'le.  a  slender  ligament,  pro- 
longed  from  the  nervous  sheath,  formed  by  the 
spinal  pia  mater,  which  descends  through  the 
centre  of  the  cauda  equina,  and  is  attached  to 
the  dura  mater,  lining  the  canal  of  the  coccyx. 

FIM'BRIA,  Parar'ma.  A  band  ;  a  fringe  ;  as 
the  fimbria  or  fimbriated  extremity  of  the  Fallo- 
pian tube. 

FIMBRIA  CARNOS.E  COLI,  Epiploic  ap- 
pendages—  f.  Tubarum  Fallopii,  see  Tube,  Fal- 
lopian. 

FIMUS,  Bor'borus,  Onthus,  Stercus.  Dung: 
excrement. 

Fnitrs  seu  STERCtrs  An'sebis,  Goose-dvng,  was 
applied  as  a  poultice  to  the  feet  in  malignant 
fever.     See  Chenoeoprus. 

FlMUS  Equi'nus,  Sterevs  eqni  non  castra'ti. 
Stone  horse-dung,  was  once  thought  anti-pleuritic. 

FiMus  Vacc^,  Coxo-dung,  was  employed  a;  a 
cataplasm,  especially  in  gout. 

FINCKLE,  Anethum. 

FINGER,  Digitus  —  f.  Ring,  Annular  finger— 
f.  Stall,  Digitale. 

FINIS  ASPER^  ARTEEIiR,  Larynx 

FIOLE,  Phiala. 


FIR 


380 


FISTULA 


FIR,  MOSS,  UPRIGHT,  Lycopodium  selago 
• — f.  Scotch,  Pinus  sylvcstris  —  f.  Spruce,  Nor- 
way, Pinus  abies  —  f.  Tree,  silver,  European, 
Pinus  picea — f.  Yew-leaved,  Pinus  abies. 

FIREDAMP,  Hydrogen,  carburetted— f.  Per- 
gian,  Anthracion — f.  St.  Anthony's,  Erysipelas — 
f.  Weed,  Erechthites  hieracifolia,  Senecio. 

FIRING,  Cauterization. 

FISHSKIN,  Ichthyosis. 

FISH-TONGUE.  An  instrument  —  so  called 
from  its  shape — used  by  some  dentists  for  the  re- 
moval of  the  dentes  sapientiffi. 

FISSIGULA'TIO,  from  Jissiculare,  'to  cut  off,' 
'open,'  'make  incisions.'  An  old  word  for  an 
opening  made  with  a  scalpel. 

FfSSTPARITE,  see  Generation. 

FISSIPAROUS,  see  Generation. 

FISSURA,  Fissure— f.  Capillorum,  Distrix— f. 
Contrajacens,  Contra-fissura — f.  Cerebri  longitu- 
dinalis,  Fissure,  longitudinal,  of  the  Brain  —  f. 
Magna  vulvse,  see  Rima  —  f.  Pilaris,  Trichismus. 

Fissu'ra  Loxgitudixa'lis,  Ante'rior  bt  Pos- 
te'rior.  Two  vertical  fissures  in  the  median 
line,  in  front  of,  and  behind,  the  medulla  oblon- 
gata, which  divide  it  s-uperficially  into  two  sym- 
metrical lateral  columns. 

FissuRA  Transversa  Magna  Cerebri,  Fis- 
sure, transverse,  of  the  Brain. 

FISSURE,  ii^mu'ra,  Schisma,  Scissu'ra,  Rhege, 
Rhegma,  Rhegmus,  from  findere,  '  to  cleave ;'  a 
long  and  narrow  cleft  or  opening  in  a  bone  — 
Rhage,  payn,  Ceasma,  Ktaaiia.    (F.)  Fissure,  Fente. 

Fissure  has  various  acceptations.  1.  A  frac- 
ture, Cntag'ma  fissu'ra,  in  which  the  bone  is 
cracked,  not  separated,  as  in  fracture.  2.  A  nar- 
row, long,  and  superficial  solution  of  continuity, 
around  the  external  openings  of  the  mucous 
membranes.  A  sort  of  chap,  observed  on  the 
hands,  particularly  on  the  callous  hands,  of 
workmen,  in  certain  mechanical  employments. 
3.  Small,  chapped  ulcerations,  sometimes  noticed 
in  young  children,  owing  to  the  contact  of  the 
fasces  and  urine  with  the  fine  delicate  skin  of  the 
thighs,  nates,  and  genital  organs.  4.  Clefts  of  a 
more  or  less  deep  nature,  occurring  on  the  ge- 
nital organs  in  the  vicinity  of  the  anus,  in  those 
labouring  under  syphilis.  These  are  usually 
called  rhagades.     See  Monster. 

Fissure  op  Bichat,  Fissure,  transverse,  of 
the  Brain — f.  Capillary,  see  Pilatio. 

Fissure,  Central.  The  aggregate  of  the  ca- 
nities or  ventricles  of  the  brain.  Meckel  consi- 
ders this  but  one  cavity  in  the  form  of  a  cross. 

Fissure  of  Glaser,  Fissure,  glenoid  —  f.  of 
Glaserius,  F.  Glenoid. 

Fissure,  Glenoid,  Fissure  of  Glaaer  or  Glase'- 
rius,  (P.)  Fissure  ou  Scissure  de  Glaser,  Fente 
qleno'idale  ou  Felitre  de  Glaser,  divides  the  gle- 
noid cavity  of  the  temporal  bone  into  two  parts, 
and  gives  passage  to  the  chorda  tympani,  &c. 

Fissure  op  the  Helix.  A  small  vertical  fis- 
sure of  the  helix  of  the  ear,  a  little  above  the 
tubercle  for  the  attachment  of  the  attrahens  aurem 
muscle. 

Fissure,  Inpraorbitar,  Suborbitar  fissure. 

Fissure^  Longitudinal,  op  the  Brain,  Fis- 
(tu'ra  cer'ebri  longitudina'lis.  The  space  which 
separates  the  two  hemispheres  of  the  brain. 

Fissure,  Orbitar,  see  Orbitar  fissure  —  f.  Or- 
Intar,  inferior,  Spheno-maxillary  fissure  —  f.  Or- 
bitar, superior.  Sphenoidal  Fissure. 

Fissure  of  Rolan'do.  A  transverse  fissure 
placed  between  two  superior  cerebral  convolu- 
tions, which  are  met  with  above  the  fissure  of 
Sylvius. 

Fissure,  Semilu'nar.  A  notch  at  the  ante- 
nop  edge  cf  the  cerebellum,  where  it  receives 


fibres  which  connect  it  to  the  cerebellum  an.d 
mesocephalon. 

Fissure  of  Syl'vius,  Fissu'ra  vel  Fossa  Mag- 
na Syl'vii.  A  deep,  narrow  sulcus,  which  ascends 
obliquely  backwards  from  the  temporal  ala  of  the 
sphenoid  bone,  near  to  the  middle  of  the  parietal 
bone,  and  which  parts  the  anterior  and  middle 
lobes  of  the  cerebrum  on  each  side. 

Fissure  op  Sylvius,  Ventricle,  fifth. 

Fissure  op  the  Tragus.  A  fissure  on  the  an- 
terior surface  of  the  tragus  of  the  ear. 

Fissure,  Transverse  of  the  Brain,  Greut 
transverse  fissure,  Fissure  of  Bichat,  Fissu'ra  seu 
Rima  transver'sa  magna  cer'ebri.  A  fissure, 
which  passes  beneath  and  behind  the  edge  of  the 
middle  lobe  of  the  brain,  and  extends  beneath 
the  hemisphere  of  one  side  to  the  same  point  of 
the  opposite  side. 

FIST,  A.  S.  Fyftj  Tvyfirt,  Pygme,  Pugnus,  (F.) 
Poing.     The  clenched  hand. 

FIS'TULA,  Syrinx,  Syrin'ga,  Aulos — when  of 
a  small  size,  Aulis'cos.  A  solution  of  continuity, 
of  greater  or  less  depth  and  sinuositj' ;  the  open- 
ing of  which  is  narrow,  and  the  disease  kept  up 
by  an  altered  texture  of  parts,  so  that  it  is  not 
disposed  to  heal.  A  fistula  is  incomplete  or  blind, 
when  it  has  but  one  opening ;  and  complete  when 
there  are  two,  the  one  communicating  with  an 
internal  cavity,  the  other  externally.  It  is  lined, 
in  its  whole  course,  by  a  membrane,  which  seems 
analogous  to  mucous  membranes.  Incomplete 
fistulce  may  be  internal  or  external.  The  former 
are  those  which  open  internally ;  the  latter  those 
which  open  externally.  External  incomj^lete  fis- 
tulce are  kept  up  by  caries  or  necrosis  of  bones, 
by  extraneous  bodies  in  any  of  the  living  tex- 
tures, or  by  purulent  cavities,  the  walls  of  which 
have  not  become  united.  Internal  incomplete  fis- 
tulcB  generally  soon  become  complete,  since  the 
discharge  that  escapes  from  them  into  the  cavi- 
ties into  which  they  open,  has  a  constant  ten- 
dency to  make  its  way  outwardly,  and  soon  oc- 
casions ulceration  of  the  integuments.  Fistulas 
have  received  dilferent  names,  according  to  the 
discharge  which  they  afford,  and  the  organs  in 
which  they  are  seated,  —  as  lachrymal,  biliary, 
salivary,  synovial,  urinary  —  Fis'tida  uri'nce, 
U'rins.  The  great  object  of  treatment,  in  fistu- 
lous sores,  is  to  bring  on  an  altered  condition  of 
the  parietes  of  the  canal,  by  astringent  or  stimu- 
lating injections,  caustics,  the  knife,  pressure,  &c. 
Those  which  are  dependent  on  diseased  bone, 
cartilage,  tendon,  &c.,  do  not  heal  until  after  the 
exfoliation  of  the  diseased  part.  Fistulse  of  ex- 
cretory ducts  are  produced  either  by  an  injury 
of  the  duct  itself  or  by  the  retention  and  accu- 
mulation of  the  fluids  to  which  they  have  to  give 
passage.  Thus,  Fis'tulu  lachryma'lis,  Dacryo- 
syr'inx,  Emphrag'ma  lachryma'le,  Ilgdrops  sacci 
lachryma'lis.  Dropsy  of  the  lachrymal  snc,  com- 
monly proceeds  from  the  obliteration  of  the  nasal 
ducts,  or  from  atony  of  the  lachrj'mal  sac;  which 
circumstances  prevent  the  tears  from  passing  into 
the  nostrils. 

Fistula  in  And,  Archosyr'inx,  generally  occurs 
from  some  mechanical  pressure  or  impediment. 
The  principal  indication  in  the  treatment  of  these 
fistulce  of  the  excretory  canals  being  to  put  a  stop 
to  the  constant  discharge  of  the  secretions,  &.C., 
through  the  preternatural  channel,  the  fistulous 
passage  is  at  times  laid  open,  and  a  communica- 
tion established  with  the  natural  excretory  caual; 
at  others,  strong  pressure  is  employed  to  procure 
its  obliteration. 

Fistula  Belliniana,  Uriniferous  tube — f.  Ci- 
balis,  (Esophagus  —  f.  Cruris,  Fibula — f.  Dura) 
matris.  Sinus  of  the  dura  mater — f.  Lachrymalis, 
see  Fistula — f.  Nervorum,  Neurilemma — f.  Sacra, 


FISTULES  STERCOBAIRES 


3S1 


FLEXOR 


Medulla  spinalis,  Vertebral  column — f.  Spii-italis, 
Trachea — f.  Urinaria,  Urethra — f.  Ureterum  re- 
num,  see  Calix — f.  Urinse,  see  Fistula — f.  Ventri- 
ouli,  Oesophagus. 

FISTULES  STERCOBAIRES,,  see  Sterco- 
laceous. 

FIS'TULOUS,  Fistulo'sus,  Syring'Hcus,  Syrin- 
go'dea.  Relating  to,  or  resembling,  a  fistula ;  as 
'  a  fistulous  opening.' 

FIT-ROOT,  Moiiotropa  uniflora. 

FITS,  NINE  DAY,  Trismus  nascentium. 

FIVE  FINGERS,  Panax  quinquefolium. 

FIXATIO  MONONCEA,  Melancholy. 

FIXED,  Fixns,  from  figere,  '  to  fasten.'  A 
body  not  capable  of  being  volatilized  by  fire  is 
said  to  be  fixed.  Thus,  we  snj  fixed  oils,  in  con- 
tradistinction to  volatile  oils. 

FIXEN,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  This 
spring  is  four  leagues  from  Waldsassen,  in  Bava- 
ria. It  contains  carbonic  acid,  holding  in  solu- 
tion carbonates  of  lime  and  magnesia,  chlorides 
of  lime  and  magnesia,  carbonate  of  soda  and 
silica.     In  Bavaria,  it  replaces  the  Seltzer  water. 

FIXI  DENTES.  The  teeth  of  the  second  den- 
tition. 

FLABELLA'TION,  Flahella'tio,  from  flahel- 
lare,  to  agitate  the  air.  An  operation  recom- 
mended by  Ambrose  Pare,  which  consists  in 
keeping  fractured  limbs  cool,  as  well  as  the 
dressings  surrounding  them,  by  the  renewal  of 
the  air  around  them,  either  by  the  use  of  a  fan, 
or  the  repeated  change  of  position  of  the  parts 
affected. 

FLABELLUM  ET  VENTILABRUM  COR- 
DIS, Pulmo. 

FLACCID'ITY,  Flaceid'itas,  from  flaceidus, 
'  flabby,'  '  soft.'  Softness  of  a  part,  so  as  to  offer 
little  resistance  on  pressure. 

FLAG,  BLUE,  Iris  versicolor — f.  Dwarf,  Iris 
laeustris  —  f.  Myrtle,  Acorus  calamus  —  f.  Root, 
Acorus  calamus. 

FLAGELLATIO,  Mastigosis. 

FLAMBE,  Iris  Germanica — /.  Bdtard,  Iris 
pseudacorus. 

FLAMBOISE,  Ignis  sylvaticus. 

FLAME,  VITAL,  Vital  principle. 

FLAMMA,  Fleam— f.  Cordis,  Biolychnium— f. 
Vitalis,  Biolychnium. 

FLAM3IE,  Fleam—/.  Vitale,  Vital  principle. 

FLAMMETTE,  Fleam. 

FLAMMON,  Laohesis  rhombeata. 

FLAMMULA,  Fleam,  Bamincidus  ficaria  —  f. 
Cordis,  Biolychnium  —  f.  Jo  vis,  Clematis  recta  — 
f.  Vitalis,  Animal  heat,  Biolychnium,  Vital  prin- 
ciple. 

FLANCKS,  Flanks. 

FLANKS,  Tl'ia,  Il'ea,  La- gomes,  La-p'ara,  Ce- 
veo'nes,  (F.)  Flancs,  Les  lies.  The  regions  of  the 
body  which  extend,  on  the  sides,  from  the  infe- 
rior margin  of  the  chest  to  the  crista  ilii. 

FLAP,  (F.)  Lamheau.  A  portion  of  the  soft 
parts  of  the  body  separated  from  those  beneath, 
but  still  attached  by  the  base.  Hence  there  may 
be  ' fla.p  wounds,'  (F.)  Plains  d  lambeau.r,  and 
'fiap  operations,'  (F.)  Operations  d  lambeaux. 

Flap  Operation  of  Amputation,  Amjjutation 
&  Inmheaux. 

FLAT  TOP,  Vernonia  Neveboracensis. 

FLATUARIUS,  Alchymist. 

FLAT'ULENCE,  Flatiden'tia,  Flatus,  Flatu- 
os'itas,  Aeriflux'us,  Pneumato'sis  ventric'uli  ct 
Ph.  enter' ica,  Pneumatosis,  Bdes'ma,  Ili/per- 
pneus'tia,  Cijdon,  Phijsa,  Poh/pJiy'sia,  Limo'sis 
Fla'tns,  Ereux'is,  Bomhus,  Flatuos'ity,  Wind, 
Wind'iness,  Ventos'ity,  Vapour,  (F.)  Ventosife, 
Flatuosite.  Emission  of  wind  by  the  mouth  or 
anus,  or  accumulation  of  wind  in  the  digestive 
tube. 


FLATULENT,  Windy. 

FLATULENTIA,  Flatulence. 

FLA  TUOSITE,  Flatulence. 

FLATUOSITY,  Flatulence. 

FLATUS,  Crepitation,  Flatulence — f.  Furiosus, 
Ambulo-flatulentus — f  Spinse,  Spina  ventosa. 

FLAVEDO  CORTICUM  CITRI,  see  Citrus 
medica. 

FLAVOUR,  from  (F.)  flair er,  'to  smell.'  The 
quality  of  a  sapid  body,  which  is  appreciated  by 
the  taste  and  smell  combined,  and  more  espe- 
cially by  the  latter.  Some  phj'siologists  consider 
that  flavour  is  effected  through  the  smell  alone. 

FLAVUS,  Yellow. 

FLAX,  COMMON,  Linum  usitatissimum  — f. 
Purging,  Linum  cathartieum — f.  Seed,  see  Linum 
usitatissimum — f.  Seed  tea,  Infusum  lini  compo- 
situm — f.  Toad,  Antirhinum  linaria. 

FLEA,  COMMON,  Pulex  irritans. 

FLEABANE,  GREAT,  Conyza  squarrosa— f. 
Various-leaved,  Erigeron  heterophyllum — f.  Bane, 
Canada,  Erigeron  Canadense  —  f.  Philadelphia, 
Erigeron  Philadelphicum  —  f.  Skevish,  Erigeron 
Philadelphicum. 

FLEAM,  Flamma,  Flam'mida,  Schaste'rion, 
Fosso'rium,  PJilebot'omum..  A  surgical  instru- 
ment used  for  the  operation  of  phlebotomy.  (F.) 
Flamme,  Flammette.  It  consists  of  a  small  me- 
tallic box,  containing  a  spear-pointed  cutting  in- 
strument, which,  by  means  of  a  spring,  can  bo 
forced  into  the  vein.  It  is  much  used  in  Ger- 
many and  some  other  European  countries,  and  is 
not  unfrequently  employed  in  America;  but  is 
scarcely  ever  seen  in  France  or  Great  Britain. 

FLEAWORT,  Plantago  psyllium. 

FLEGHISSEUB,  Flexor—/.  Court  commun 
des  orteils.  Flexor  brevis  digitorum  pedis  — /. 
Court  du  petit  doigt.  Flexor  parvus  minimi  digiti 
— /  Court  du  petit  orteil,  Flexor  brevis  minimi  di- 
giti pedis — /.  Profond  des  doigfs.  Flexor  profun- 
dus perforans — f.  Sublime  des  doigts,  Flexor  sub- 
limis  perforatus — /.  Superficiel  des  doigts.  Flexor 
sublimis  perforatus — f.  Court  dugros  orteil.  Flexor 
brevis  poUicis  pedis — -f.  Grand  commun  des  orteils, 
Flexor  longus  digitorum  pedis  profundus  perfo- 
rans— f.  Long  commun  des  orteils,  Flexor  longus 
digitorum  pedis  profundus  perforans—/.  Long  dn 
gros  orteil.  Flexor  longus  pollicis  pedis — /.  Court 
du  Pouee,  Flexor  brevis  pollicis  muniis. 

FLECTENS  PAR  LUMBORUM,  Quadratus 
lumborum. 

FLEGMEN,  Flemen. 

FLEMEN,  Flegmen.  A  tumour  aboui,  the 
ankles.     Also,  a  chap  on  the  feet  and  hauuA, 

FLERECIN,  Gout. 

FLESH,  Caro,  Sarx,  (?.)  Chair.  Every  soft 
part  of  an  animal  is  so  named  ,•  but  more  parti- 
cularly the  muscles,  which  are  called  muscuUxr 
flesh. 

Flesh,  Proud,  Fungosity. 

FLETUS,  Lachrymatio. 

FLEUBS,  Flowers,  Menses—/".  Blanches,  hr-a- 
corrhoea — /.  de  Muscade,  Mace — /.  de  Sou/re, 
Sulphur  snislimatum. 

FLEXIBIL'ITY,  FlexihiVitas,  from  fleciert, 
'to  bend.'  Capability  of  being  bent.  A  physi- 
cal property  of  the  tissues,  which  varies  greatly 
according  to  the  structure.  The  tendons  exhibit 
this  property  in  a  marked  manner. 

FLEXIO,  Campsis,  Flexion. 

FLEX'ION,  Flex'io,  Campe,  from  fleetere,  '  la 
bend.'  The  state  of  being  bent.  The  action  of 
a  flexor  muscle. 

FLEXOR.  Same  etymon.  (F.)  Flechisseur. 
A  muscle,  whose  ofBee  it  is  to  bend  certain  parts. 

Flexor  Brevis  Digito'rum  Pedis  Perpora'- 
TUS,  F.  Subli'mis,  Flexor  brevis,  Flexor  digito' 
rum  brevis  sive  perforatus  pedis,  Perfora'twi  peu 


FLEXOR 


382 


FLEXOR 


flexor  secun'di  -inferno' dii  digito'rum  pedis, 
Valeaneo-sous-phnlanqettien  commun, —  Galca- 
n6o  -  sous  - phal(t>i(/imen  commun,  —  (Ch.)  (F.) 
Muscle  court  flechisseur  commun  des  orteils.  A 
muscle,  placed  at  the  middle  of  the  sole  of  the 
foot.  It  is  narrower  and  thicker  behind  than 
before,  where  it  is  divided  into  four  portions.  It 
atises  from  the  posterior  part  of  the  inferior  sur- 
face of  the  OS  calcis,  and  is  inserted  at  the  infe- 
ferior  surface  of  the  second  phalanx  of  the  last 
four  toes.  It  bends  the  second  phalanges  of  the 
toes  on  the  first,  and  the  first  on  the  metatarsal 
bones  ;  in  this  manner  augmenting  the  concavity 
of  the  vault  of  the  foot. 

Flexor  Brevis  Minimi  Digiti,  F.  parvus  mi- 
nimi digiti. 

Flexor  Brevis  Min'imi  Dig"iti  Pedis,  Para'- 
thenar  minor,  (F.)  Court  JlecMsseur  du petit  orteil, 
J'arso-sous-phalangien  du  petit  orteil  —  (Ch.)  A 
muscle,  situate  at  the  anterior  and  outer  part  of 
the  sole  of  the  foot.  It  arises  from  the  posterior 
extremity  of  the  fifth  metatarsal  bone,  and  is  in- 
serted into  the  posterior  part  of  the  first  phalanx 
of  the  little  toe,  which  it  bends. 

Flexor  Bretis  Pol'licis  Manus,  Flexor  se- 
cun'di interno'dii,  Thenar,  Flexor  primi  et  se- 
cun'di ossis  pol'licis,  (F.)  Court  JlecMsseur  du 
pouce,  Carpophalangien  du  pouce  —  (Ch.)  Demi- 
interosseux  du  pouce.  A  muscle,  situate  at  the 
outer  part  of  the  palm  of  the  hand.  It  is  di- 
vided into  two  portions  by  the  tendon  of  the 
Flexor  longus  pollicis.  It  arises  from  the  os 
magnum,  the  anterior  annular  ligament  of  the 
carpus  and  the  third  metacarpal  bone  ;  and  is 
inserted  into  the  superior  part  of  the  first  pha- 
lanx of  the  thumb,  and  into  the  two  ossa  sesa- 
moidea  at  the  articulation  of  the  first  phalanx 
with  the  first  metacarpal  bone.  Its  use  is  to  bend 
the  first  phalanx  of  the  thumb  on  the  first  meta- 
^rpal  bone,  and  the  Latter  upon  the  trapezium. 

Flexor  Brevis  Pol'licis  Pedis,  ^^ea-o?-  brevis. 
Flexor  hal'lucis  vel  brevis  pol'licis,  (F.)  Tarso- 
phalangien  du  pouce,  Court  JlecMsseur  du  gros 
orteil,  Tarso-soiis-phalangettien  du  premier  orteil 
—  (Ch.)  It  is  situate  at  the  anterior  and  inner 
part  of  the  sole  of  the  foot;  is  thin  and  narrow 
behind,  thick  and  divided  into  two  portions  be- 
fore. It  arises  from  the  inferior  part  of  the  os 
ealeis  and  the  last  two  cuneiform  bones,  and  is 
inserted  at  the  inferior  part  of  the  base  of  the 
first  phalanx  of  the  great  toe,  and  into  the  two 
sesamoid  bones  of  the  corresponding  metatarso- 
phalangian  articulation.  It  bends  the  first  pha- 
lank  of  the  great  toe  on  the  first  metacarpal  bone. 

Flexor  Carpi  Radialis,  Palmaris  magnus  — 
f.  Carpi  ulnaris,  see  Cubital  (muscles) — f.  Hallu- 
cis,  F.  brevis  pollicis  pedis  —  f.  Ilallucis  longus, 
F.  longus  pollicis  pedis. 

Flexor  Longus  Digito'eum  Pedis  Propun'- 
Dus  Per'porans  ;  Per'Jorans  seu  Flexor  projun' - 
dus,  Perodactyle' us,  Peronodactyl'ius,  Perono- 
daetylics'us,  Peronedacti/l'ius,  Flexor  digito'rum, 
longus  sive  Perjorans  pedis,  Perjorans  seu  Flexor 
tertii  internodii  digito' rum  pedis  ;  (F.)  Tibio-pJia- 
langettien — (Ch.),  Grand  ou  long  JlecMsseur  com- 
mun des  orteils.  A  muscle,  situate  at  the  poste- 
rior and  deep-seated  part  of  the  leg.  It  is  broader 
at  its  middle  than  at  its  extremities,  the  inferior  of 
"which  is  divided  into  four  portions.  It  arises 
from  the  posterior  surface  of  the  tibia,  and  its 
tendons  are  attached  to  the  posterior  part  of  the 
lower  surface  of  the  three  phalanges  of  the  last 
four  toes.  It  bends  the  three  phalanges  on  each 
other,  and  the  toes  on  the  metatarsus,  and  ex- 
tends the  foot  on  the  leg. 

The  Accesso'rius  Flexo'ris  Longi  Digito'rum 
Pedis,  Caro  quadra'ta  Syl'vii,  C.  a.cccsso'ria, 
ilaun  car'nea  Jaco'bi  Syl'vii,  Planta'ria  verua, 


(F.)  Accessoire  du  long  JlecMsseur  commun  de* 
orteils,  Carree,  is  a  small  muscle  of  the  sole  of  the 
foot,  which  passes  obliquely  from  the  os  calcis 
to  the  outer  edge  of  the  flexor  longus,  whose  force 
it  augments,  and  corrects  its  obliquitj'. 

Flexor  Longus  Pol'licis  Manus,  Flexor  lon- 
gus pollicis.  Flexor  tertii  interno'dii.  Flexor  ter- 
tii internodii  sive  longis'simus  pollicis;  (F.)  Pa- 
dio-phalangettien  du  pouce,  —  (Ch.)  Situate  at 
the  anterior  and  profound  part  of  the  forearm. 
It  arises  from  the  upper  three  quarters  of  the  an- 
terior surface  of  the  radius  and  interosseous  liga- 
ment, and  is  inserted,  by  a  tendon,  into  the  an- 
terior surface  of  the  last  phalanx  of  the  thumb. 
It  bends  the  second  phalanx  of  the  thumb  on  the 
first;  the  first  on  the  corresponding  metacarpal 
bone,  and  this  upon  the  radius.  It  can,  also, 
bend  the  hand  on  the  forearm. 

Flexor  Longus  Pollicis  Pedis,  Flexor  Hal'- 
lucis vel  Pollicis  longus,  (F.)  Peroneo-2}halangien 
du  gros  orteil,  Long  JlicMsseur  du  gros  orteil,  Pe- 
roneo-sous- Phalangettien  du  pouce, — (Ch.)  <  It  is 
situate  at  the  posterior  and  profound  part  of  the 
leg.  It  arises  from  the  posterior  surface  of  the 
fibula  and  the  interosseous  ligament,  and  is  in- 
serted, by  means  of  a  long  tendon,  into  the  infe- 
rior part  of  the  first  phalanx  of  the  great  toe.  It 
bends  the  third  phalanx  on  the  first,  and  this 
upon  the  corresponding  metatarsal  bone.  It  aug- 
ments the  concavity  of  the  sole  of  the  foot,  and 
extends  the  foot  on  the  leg. 

Flexor  Parvus  Min'imi  Dig"iti,  Abduc'tor 
minimi  digiti,  Hypofli' enar  Riola'ni,  Flexor  bre- 
vis minimi  digiti  manus,  Hypoth'enar  minimi  di- 
giti, (F.)  Carpo-phalangien  du  petit  doigt — (Ch.), 
Court  Jlechisseur  du  petit  doigt.  It  arises  from 
the  anterior  annular  ligament  of  the  carpus  and 
the  process  of  the  os  unciforme,  and  is  inserted  at 
the  inner  side  of  the  superior  extremity  of  the 
first  phalanx  of  the  little  finger.  It  bends  the 
first  phalanx  of  the  little  finger. 

Flexor  Perforans,  F.  profundus  perforans — 
f.  Perforatus,  F.  sublimis  perforatus — f.  Primi 
internodii,  Opponens  pollicis — f.  Primi  internodii 
digitorum  manus,  Lumbricalis  manus  —  f.  Primi 
et  secundi  ossis  pollicis,  F.  brevis  pollicis  manus. 

Flexor  Profun'dus  Per'forans,  F.  Projun- 
dus,  F.  Per'Jorans,  F.  Per'Jorans  vulgo  projun- 
dus.  Flexor  ter'tii  interno'dii  digito'rum  mands 
vel  Per'Jorans  mands/  (F.)  Cid>ito-plialangettien 
commun  —  (Ch.,)  Flechisseur  2^roJond  des  doigts. 
A  thick,  flat,  long  muscle,  seated  beneath  the 
Flexor  sublimis  perjoratus.  Its  upper  extremity 
is  simple,' and  arises  from  the  anterior  surface  of 
the  ulna  and  from  the  interosseus  ligament.  Its 
inferior  extremity  terminates  by  four  tendons, 
which,  after  having  passed  through  the  slits  in 
the  sublimis,  are  inserted  into  the  anterior  sur- 
face of  the  last  phalanges  of  the  four  fingers.  It 
bends  the  third  phalanges  on  the  second,  and,  in 
other  respects,  has  the  same  use  as  the  flexor 
sublimis  perforatus. 

Flexor  Secundi  Internodii  Digitorum  Pedis, 
F.  brevis  digitorum  pedis — f.  Tertii  internodii.  F. 
longus  pollicis  man  (is — f.  Tertii  internodii  digito- 
rum m.ands,  F.  profundus  perforj  ns — f.  Tertii  in- 
ternodii digitorum  pedis,  F.  Ic  ligus  digitorum 
pedis  profundus  perforans  —  f.  Ossis  metacarpi 
pollicis,  Opponens  pollicis  —  f.  Perforatus  pedis, 
F.  brevis  digitorum  pedis — f.  Sublimis,  F.  brevis 
digitorum  pedis. 

Flexor  Subli'mis  Perfora'tus,  F.  Perforo,'- 
tus,  (F.)  Flechisseur  sublime  ou  superficiel  dta 
doigts,  Epitroklo-phalanginien  commun,  —  (Ch.) 
It  is  a  thick,  flat,  muscle,  seated  at  the  anterior 
part  of  the  forearm.  Its  upper  extremity,  which 
is  simple,  arises  from  the  internal  condyle  of  the 
OS  humeri ;  —  from  the  coronsid  process  of  the 


FLIXWEED 


383 


FLUSH 


ulna,  and  from  the  anterior  edge  of  the  radius. 
Its  lower  extremity  divides  into  four  tendons, 
which  slide  under  the  anterior  annular  ligament 
of  the  carpus,  and  are  inserted  into  the  second 
phalanges  of  the  last  four  fingers,  after  having 
been  slit  to  allow  the  tendons  of  the  flexor  pro- 
fundus to  pass  through  them.  This  muscle  bends 
the  second  phalanges  on  the  first;  these  on  the 
carpal  bones,  and  the  hand  on  the  forearm. 

FLEXURA,  Curvature — f.  Sigmoidea,  Sigmoid 
flexure. 

FLIXWEED,  Sisymbrium  sophia. 

FLOCCI,  see  Villous  membranes. 

FLOCCILATION,  Carphologia. 

FLOCCILEGIUM,  Carphologia. 

FLOCCITATION,  Carphologia. 

FLOCCORUM  VENATIO,  Carphologia. 

FLOCCULI,  see  Villous  membranes. 

FLOCCULUS;  diminutive  oijloccus,  'a  lock 
af  wool' — Pneumogas'tric  loh'ule,  Loh'ulus  pneu- 
mogas'tricits.  A  long  and  slender  prominence. 
Extending  from  the  side  of  the  vallecula  around 
the  corpus  restiforme  to  the  crus  cerebelli,  lying 
behind  the  filaments  of  the  pneumogastric  nerves. 

FLOR  BE  MISTELA,  see  Mistura. 

FLORENCE,  CLIMATE  OP.  This  agreeable 
Italian  city  is  by  no  means  a  favourable  residence 
for  the  phthisical  invalid.  Sir  James  Clark  af- 
firms, indeed,  that  he  does  not  know  any  class 
of  invalids  for  whom  Florence  offers  a  favourable 
residence.  It  is  subject  to  sudden  vicissitudes 
of  temperature,  and  to  cold,  piercing  winds  du- 
ring the  winter  and  spring. 

FLORES  BENZOES,  Benjamin,  flowers  of— 
f.  Boracis,  Boracic  acid — f.  Macidos,  see  Myristica 
moschata — f.  Macis,  Mace — f.  Martiales,  Ferrum 
ammoniatum — f.  Salis  ammoniaci  martiales,  Fer- 
rum ammoniatum. 

FLORIDA,  CLIMATE  OF,  see  Saint  Augus- 
tine. 

Florida,  Waters  of.  Near  Long  Lake,  in 
Florida,  United  States,  which  communicates  with 
St.  John's  River  by  a  small  creek,  there  is  a  vast 
fountain  of  hot  mineral  water,  issuing  from  a 
bank  of  the  river.  From  its  odour  it  would  seem 
to  be  sulphureous. 

FLOIIION,  Influenza. 

FLOS,  Aiithos.  A  flower.  Also,  the  finest  and 
noblest  part  of  a  body,  and  virginity. 

Flos,  Jovis,  Crocus — f.  Salis,  Soda,  subcarbo- 
nate  of — f.  Sanguineus  monardi,  Tropaeolum 
majus  —  f.  Trinitatis,  Viola  tricolor  —  f.  Virgini- 
tatis,  Hymen. 

FLOUR,  COLD,  Pinoli. 

Flour,  Patent,  Jones's.  A  farinaceous  pre- 
paration, which  is  said  to  consist  of  wheat-flour, 
with  tartaric  acid  and  carbonate  of  soda. 

Flour,  Potato,  see  Solanum  tuberosum. 

FLOWER  DE  LUCE,  Iris  Germanica. 

FLOWERS,  Florea,  (F.)  Fleurs.  The  ancient 
chymists  gave  this  name  to  difierent  solid  and 
volatile  substances  obtained  by  sublimation.  The 
term  is  not  yet  entirely  banished  from  chymical 
amd  medical  language,  as  Floioers  of  Benjamin, 
Flowers  of  Sulphur,  &c. 

Flowers,  Menses.  ' 

Flowers,  Four  Carmin'ative,  Qnat'uor  flores 
carminati'vi,  were  chamomile,  dill,  fever-few,  and 
melilot. 

Flowsrs,  Four  Cordial,  Quat'itor  flores  cor- 
dia'let,  were  formerly,  borage,  bugloss,  roses,  and 
Tiolets. 

FLUCTUATIO,  Fluctuation— f.  Aurium,  Tin- 
nitus aiirium. 

FLUCTUA'TION,  Fhictua'tio,  from  fliictus, 
'a  wave;'  Undvla'u'o,  (¥.)  Ondulatton.  The  un- 
dulation of  a  fluid  collected  in  any  natui'al  or 
artificial  cavity,  which  is  felt  by  pressure  or  by 


3.  Exhaled  or 
Perspiratory. 


4.  Follicular, 


5.   Glandular. 


percussion,  properly  practised — peripheric  fluctu* 
ation.  In  ascites,  the  fluctuation  is  felt  by  one 
of  the  hands  being  applied  to  one  side  of  the  ab- 
domen, whilst  the  other  side  is  struck  with  the 
other  hand.  In  abscesses,  fluctuation  is  perceived 
by  pressing  on  the  tumour,  with  one  or  two  fingers 
alternately,  on  opposite  points. 

Fluctuation  Peripheric,  see  Fluctuation — f. 
Rhonchal,  see  Rhonchal  —  f.  by  Succussion,  see 
Succussion. 

FLUELLEN,  Antirhinum  elatine. 

FLUELLIN,  Veronica. 

FLUE  UBS,  Menses — /.  Blanches,  Leueor- 
rhoea. 

FLUID,  Flu'idus,  irom  flxiere,  'to  flow.'  The 
human  body  is  chiefly  composed  of  fluids.  If- 
one,  weighing  120  pounds,  be  thoroughly  dried 
in  an  oven,  the  remains  will  be  found  not  to 
weigh  more  than  12  or  13  pounds;  so  that  the 
proportion  of  fluids  to  liquids  in  the  body  is 
about  9  or  10  to  1. 

Table  op  Fluids  of  the  Human  Body, 

1.  Blood. 

2.  Lymph. 
Transpiration  of  the  mucous, 

serous,  and  synovial  mem- 
branes; of  the  areolar  mem- 
brane; of  the  adipous  cells; 
of  the  medullary  membrane; 
of  the  interior  of  the  thyroid 
gland;  of  the  thymus;  supra- 
renal capsules  ;  ej^e ;  ear  ; 
vertebral  canal,  <tc. 

Sebaceous  humour  of  the  skin  ; 
cerumen ;  gum  of  the  ej-e ; 
mucus  of  the  mucous  glands 
and  follicles;  that  of  the 
tonsils,  of  the  glands  of  the 
cardia,  the  environs  of  the- 
anus,  the  prostate,  <&c. 

Tears;  saliva;  pancreatic  fluid; 
bile;  cutaneous  transpiration; 
urine;  fluid  of  the  glands  of 
Cowper;  sperm;  milk;  of 
the  testes  and  mammas  of 
(_     the  new-born  child. 

Fluid,  Cbphalo-eachidian,  Cephalo- spinal 
fluid — f.  Cephalo-spinai,  Cephalo-spinal  fluid — f. 
Cerebro-spinal,  Cephalo-spinal  fluid — f.  of  Scar- 
pa, Vitrine  auditive — f.  Subarachnoidean,  Cepha- 
lo-spinal fluid.  ^ 

FLUID E  SEMINAL,  Sperm. 

FLUIDUM  NERVEUM,  Nervous  fluid  — f. 
Cerebro-spinale,  Cephalo-spinal  fluid. 

FLUKE,  Distoma  hepaticum — f.  Liver,  Disto- 
ma  hepaticum. 

FLUMEN  DYSENTERICUM,  Dysentery. 

FLUMMERY,  (Scotch)  Sowens.  A  preparation 
of  oatmeal,  which  forms  a  light  article  of  food 
during  convalescence.  It  may  be  made  as  fol- 
lows : — Take  of  oatmeal  or  groats,  a  quart.  Rub 
with  two  quarts  of  hot  water,  and  let  the  mixture 
stand  until  it  becomes  sour:  then  add  another 
quart  of  hot  water,  and  strain  through  a  hair  sieve. 
Let  it  stand  till  a  white  sediment  is  deposited  ; 
decant,  and  wash  the  sediment  with  cold  water. 
Boil  this  with  fresh  water  till  it  forms  a  mucilage, 
stirring  the  whole  time. 

FLUOR,  Flux— f.  Albus  Intestinorum,  Cceliac 
flux — f.  Albus  malignus.  Gonorrhoea  impura— f. 
Muliehris,  Leucorrhoea  —  f.  Muliebris  non  Galli- 
cus,  Leucorrhoea  —  f.  Sanguinis  pulmonum.  Hae- 
moptysis— f.  Sanguinis  vesicre,  Cystorrhagia, 

FLUSH,  Flushing,  (F.)  Rougeurs;  from  (G.) 
Fliessen,  'to  flow.  The  redness  produced  Dy 
accumulation  of  blood  in  the  capillaries  of  the 


FLUX 


384 


F(ETUS 


face;  as  the  sudden  'flush'  or  '  blush  of  emotion  :' 
the  'flush  of  hectic' 

FLUX,  Fiuonts,  Proflu'vium,  Fluor,  {romflnere, 
'  to  flow.'  A  discharge.  Rhysis,  In  nosology, 
it  comprises  a  series  of  affections,  the  principal 
symptom  of  which  is  the  discharge  of  a  fluid. 
Generally  it  is  employed  for  dysentery. 

Flux,  Bilious,  Fluxus  hilio'sus.  A  discharge 
of  bile,  either  by  vomiting  or  by  stool,  or  by 
both,  as  in  cholera. 

Flux,  Bloody,  Dysentery — /.  de  Bouche,  Sa- 
livation— /.  Bronehiqiie,  Bronchorrhoea — /.  Bi/- 
nenten'que,  Dysentery — f.  Hemorrhoidal,  see  Hae- 
raorrhois — /.  Hepatique,  Hepatirrhoea — f.  Men- 
strual, Menses — /.  Ifvque'ux,  Catarrh — f.  IJit- 
queux  de  I'estomac,  Gastrorrhcea — -/.  Mvqueux  de 
la  vessie,  Cystirrhoea  —  f.  Root,  Asclepias  tube- 
rosa  — /.  Salivaire,  Salivation  — /.  de  Sang,  Hse- 
laorrhagia,  Dysentery — f.  Sebaceous,  Stearrhoea 
— /.  de  Spenne,  SiDermatorrhcea — /.  de  Sueur, 
Ephidrosis  —  f.  Weed,  Sysimbrium  sophia  — /. 
d' Urine,  Diabetes — /.  de  Ventrt,  Diarrhoea. 

FLUXIO,  Fluxion  — f.  Alba,  Leacorrhcea  — f. 
Arthritiea,  Gout — f.  Vulvte,  Leu^orrhoea. 

FLUX'ION,  Flux'io,  Affiux  hs  A  flow  of 
blood  or  other  humour  towards  any  organ  with 
greater  force  than  natural.  A  determination. 
Thus  we  say,  in  those  disposed  to  apoplexy, 
there  is  a  fluxion  or  determination  of  blood  to 
the  head. 

FLUXION  CATARRHALE,  Catarrh—/,  sur 
les  Dents,  Odontalgia. 

FLUXION  BE  POITRINE,  (F.)  By  this 
name,  the  French  often  understand  acute  j)uhno- 
nary  catarrh,  or  pleurisy,  but  most  commonly 
2>eripneunwny. 

FLUXUS,  Discharge — f.  Alvinus,  Diarrhoea — 
f.  Chylosus,  Coeliac  flux — f.  Cceliacus,  Coeliac  flux 
—  f.  Cceliacus  per  Renes,  Chyluria  —  f.  Cruentus 
cum  tenesmo.  Dysentery  —  f.  Dysentericus,  Dy- 
sentery— f.  Hepaticus,  Hepatirrhcea,  see  Hepate- 
ros — f.  Lientericus,  Lientery — f.  Lunaris,  Menses 
— f.  Matricis,  Leucorrhoea — f.  Menstrualis,  Men- 
struation—  f.  Menstruus,  Menses  —  f.  Muliebris, 
Leucorrhcea — f.  Salivse,  Salivation — f.  Splenicus, 
Melajna  —  f.  Venereus,  Gonorrhoea  impura  —  f. 
Ventriculi,  Gastrorrhoea. 

FLYTRAP,  Apocynum  androsfemifolium. 

FOC'ILB.  This  name  was  formerly  given  to 
the  bones  of  the  leg,  as  well  as  to  those  of  the 
forearm. 

FociLE  Majus,  Tibia  —  f.  Inferius  seu  majus. 
Ulna — f.  Minus,  Fibula — f.  Minus  seu  superius, 
Radius. 

FCECUNDATIO,  Fecundation. 

FCECUNDITAS,  Fecundity. 

FCECUNDUS,  Fecund. 

FCEDI  COLORES,  Chlorosis. 

FGEMEN,  Perinasum. 

FCEMINA,  Female. 

FOaMINESCENTIA,  Feminescence. 

FOENICULUM,  Anethum— f.  Aquaticum,  Phel- 
landrium  aquaticum — f.  Erratieum,  Peucedanum 
silaus  —  f.  Marinum,  Crithmum  maritimum  —  f. 
Officinale,  Anethum  —  f.  Poreinum,  Peucedanum 
— f.  Vulgaro,  Anethum. 

F(ENUGREEK,  Trigonella  foenum. 

FCENUM  CAMELORUM,  Juncus  odoratus— 
f.  Grsecum,  Trigonella  foenum. 

FGETAB'ULUM.  An  encysted  abscess.— Mar- 
cus Aurehus  Severinus. 

FCETAL,  Fceta'lis.  Relating  to  the  foetus.  A 
name,  given  to  the  parts  connected  with  the  fo3tus. 
Thus  we  say  —  the  foetal  surface  of  the  placenta, 
in  contradistinction  to  the  tUerine  or  maternal 
tiurface. 

FcETAL  CiRCULATiOK  differs  from  that  of  the 
adult  to  several  respects.     Commencing  with  the 


placenta,  where itprobably  undergoes  some  change 
analogous  to  what  occurs  in  the  lungs  in  extra- 
uterine existence,  the  blood  proceeds  by  the  um- 
bilical vein  as  far  as  the  liver,  where  a  part  of  it  is 
poui'ed  into  the  vena  portaj  the  other  proceeds  into 
the  vena  cava  inferior ;  the  latter,  having  received 
the  suprahepatic  veins,  pours  its  blood  into  the 
right  auricle.  From  the  right  auricle,  a  part  of 
the  blood  is  sent  into  the  right  ventricle  ;  the  rest 
passes  directly  through  into  the  left  auricle,  by 
the  foramen  ovale.  When  the  right  ventricle 
contracts,  the  blood  is  sent  into  the  pulmonary 
artery;  but  as  the  function  of  respiration  is  not 
going  on,  no  more  blood  passes  to  the  lungs  than 
is  necessary  for  their  nutrition;  the  remainder 
goes  directly  through  the  ductus  arteriosus  into 
the  aorta.  The  blood,  received  by  the  left  auj-iele 
from  the  lungs,  as  well  as  that  which  passed 
through  the  foramen  ovale,  is  transmitted  into 
the  left  ventricle ;  by  the  contraction  of  which  it 
is  sent  into  the  aorta,  and  by  means  of  the  um- 
bilical arteries,  which  arise  from  the  hypogastric, 
it  is  returned  to  the  placenta. 

FcETAL  Head.  The  diameters  of  this  at  the 
full  period  are  as  follows : — 1.  The  Biparietal  or 
transverse,  extending  from  one  parietal  protube- 
rance to  the  other,  and  measuring  3J  inches.  2. 
The  Temporal,  from  oije  temple  to  another,  3 
inches.  3.  The  Oecipito-tnental,  from  the  occiput 
to  the  chin ;  the  greatest  of  all,  6  inches.  4.  The 
Occipito -frontal  or  antero-p>osterior,  4J  or  4J 
inches.  6.  The  Cervico-hregmatic,  from  the  nape 
of  the  neck  to  the  centre  of  the  anterior  fontar- 
nelle.  6.  The  Fronto-mental,  from  the  forehead 
to  the  chin,  about  3i-  inches.  7.  The  Trachelo- 
hregmatic,  from  the  front  of  the  neck  to  the  ante- 
rior fontanelle,  34  inches.  8.  The  Vertical  dia- 
meter, from  the  vertex  to  the  base  of  the  ei-anium. 

FcETAL  Nutrition,  Cyotrophy. 

FCBTATION,  Pregnancy. 

F(E'TICIDE,  Fceticid'ium,  from  foetus,  and 
ccedere,  '  to  kill ;'  Abortieid'ium.  Criminal  abor- 
tion. 

FCETIDUS,  Fetid. 

F(ETOR,  Dysodia^f.  Oris,  Breath,  offensive. 

FCETUS,  Fetus,  Cye'ma,  Onus  ventris,  Sar'- 
cina,  from  feo,  '  I  bring  forth.'  The  unborn 
child.  By  Kvri/xa,  Oye'ma,  Hippocrates  meant  the 
fecundated,  but  still  imperfect,  germ.  It  corre- 
sponded with  the  term  embryo,  as  now  used ; 
whilst  evPpvov,  '  embryo,'  signified  the  foetus  at  a 
more  advanced  stage  of  utero- gestation.  The 
majority  of  anatomists  apply  to  the  germ  the 
name  embryo,  which  it  retains  until  the  third 
month  of  gestation,  and  with  some  until  the  pe- 
riod of  quickening;  y^hilst fcctus  is  applied  to  it 
in  its  latter  stages.  The  terms  are,  however, 
often  used  indiscriminately.  When  the  ovule 
has  been  fecundated  in  the  ovarium,  it  proceeds 
slowly  towards,  and  enters  the  uterus,  with  which 
it  becomes  ultimately  connected  bj'  means  of  the 
placenta.  When  first  seen,  the  foetus  has  the 
form  of  a  gelatinous  flake,  which  some  have  com- 
pared to  an  ant,  a  grain  of  barley,  a  worm  curved 
upon  itself,  &c,.  The  fcetal  increment  is  very 
rapid  in  the  first,  third,  fourth,  and  sixth  months 
of  its  formation,  and  at  the  end  of  nine  months 
it  has  attained  its  full  dimensions  —  Enfant  <J 
terme.  Generally,  there  is  but  one  foetus  in  utero; 
sometimes,  there  are  two;  rarely  three.  The 
foetus  presents  considerable  difference  in  its  shape, 
weight,  length,  situation  in  the  womb,  propor- 
tion of  its  various  parts  to  each  other,  arrange- 
ment and  texture  of  its  organs,  state  of  its  func- 
tions at  different  periods  of  gestation,  &c.  All 
these  differences  are  important  in  an  obstetrical 
and  medico-legal  point  of  view.     The  following 


FOIE 


385 


FONTANELLA 


table  exhibits  the  length  and  weight  of  the  foetus 
at  different  periods  of  gestation,  on  the  authority 
cf  different  observers.  Their  discordance  is  stri- 
king.    It  is  proper  to  remark,  that  the    Paris 


pound  —  Poid  de  Mare  —  of  16  ounces,  contains 
9216  Paris  grains,  whilst  the  avoirdupois  containa 
only  8632.5  Paris  grains,  and  that  the  Paris  inch 
is  1.065977  English  inch. 


! 

At  30  days, 

2  months, 

3  " 

4  " 

5  " 

6  " 
1       " 
8       " 

Beck. 

Matgeier. 

Granville. 

Beck. 

Matgrier. 

Granville.  ' 

Length. 

Weight. 

3  to  5  lines 
2    inches 
3i         " 
5  to  6  " 
7  to  9  " 
9  to  12  " 
12  to  14  " 
16  " 

10  to  12  lines 

4  inches 

6      " 

8      " 

10      " 

12      " 

14      " 

16      " 

1  inch 
3  inches 

9  inches 
12      " 
17      " 

2  ounces 
2  to  3       " 
4  to  5       " 
9  or  10     " 

1  to  2  lbs. 

2  to  3    " 

3  to  4   « 

9  or  10  grains 
5  drachms 
2^  ounces 
7  or  8  " 
16          " 

2  pounds 

3  " 

4  " 

20  grains 
li  ounces 

1  pound 

2  to  4  " 
4  to  5  " 

F(ETUS  IN  FcETU,  Cryptodidymus. 

FcETUs  Septimes'tris.  A  seven  months'  foetus. 

FcETtJS  Zephybiiis,  Mole. 

FOIE,  Liver — /.  d'Antimoine,  Oxidum  stibii 
sulphuretum — /'.  de  Sou f re,  Potassje  sulphuretum. 

FOLIA  APALAGHINES,  see  Ilex  Para- 
guensis — f.  Peraguse,  Ilex  Paraguensis. 

FOLIACEUM  ORNAMENTUM,  see  Tuba 
Fallopiana. 

FOLIE,  Insanity — /.  des  Ivrognes,  Delirium 
tremens. 

FOLLETTE,  Influenza. 

FOL'LICLE,  FoUic'uliis,  Cysth,  diminutive  of 
FolUs,  a  bag.     See  Crypta. 

Follicles,  Ciliary,  Meibomius,  glands  of — 
f.  of  De  Graaf,  Folliculi  Graafiani — f.  of  Lieber- 
kiihu,  see  Intestine  —  f.  Palpebral,  Meibomius, 
glands  of — f.  Solitary,  Brunner's  glands — f.  Syno- 
vial, Bursffi  mucosEe. 

FOLLICULAR,  FoJUc'idoufi,  Follic'ulose,Fol. 
I'tculo'sun,  from  ' follicle.'  Relating  or  appertaining 
to  a  follicle, — as  'foUicular  inflammation,'  inflam- 
mation affecting  crypts  or  follicles. 

FOLLIOULE,  Crypta—/.  CiUaire,  Meibomius, 
gland  of—/.  Dentaire,  Dental  follicle — /.  Palpe- 
bral, Meibomius,  gland  of. 

FOLLIGULES  BE  GRAAF,  Folliculi  Graaf- 
iani. 

FOLLICULI  GRAAFIA'NI,  Ova  seu  O'vida 
Graafia'na,  Follicles  or  Vesicles  of  De  Graaf, 
Ova'rian  ves'icles,  (F.)  Follicules  ou  Vcsicules 
dc  Graaf.  Small  spherical  vesicles  in  the  stroma 
of  the  ovary,  which  have  two  coats ;  the  outer 
termed  ovicapside  and  tunic  of  the  ovisac ;  the 
latter  ovisac  and  membra' na  ^jropn'ay  vesicule 
ovulifere  of  M.  Pouchet.  They  exist  in  the  foe- 
tus. The  ovum — ovide  of  some — is  contained  in, 
and  formed  by,  them. 

Folliculi  Rotundi  et  Oblongi  Cervicis 
Uteri,  Nabothi  glandulse — f.  Sanguinis,  Globules 
o-f  the  blood — f.  Sebaeei,  Sebaceous  glands. 

FOLLICULOSE  GLAND,  Crypta. 

FOLLICULUS,  Vulva. 

FoLLic'tTLUS  A'eris,  Air-cTiamber.  A  space  at 
the  larger  end  of  the  bird's  egg,  formed  by  a  se- 
paration of  the  two  layers  of  the  shell  membrane, 
tvhich  is  inservient  to  the  respiration  of  the  young 
being. 

FoLLicuLUS  Dentis,  Dental  Follicle — f.  Fellis, 
Gall-bladder — f.  Genitalis,  Scrotum. 

FOMENT,  Fove're,  (F.)  Etuver,  Bassiner.  To 
apply  a  fomentation  to  a  part. 

FOMENTA'TION,  Fomenta'tio,  Fotus,  Py'ria, 

Thermas'ma,  Chlias'ma,  uEone'sis,  Perfn'sio,  As- 

per'sio,  Fomen'tum,  {(^nasi  fovimentum,)  from  fo- 

vere  'to  bathe.'   A  sort  of  partial  bathing,  by  the 

25 


application  of  cloths  which  have  been  previously 
dipped  in  hot  water,  or  in  some  medicated  decoc- 
tion. They  act,  chiefly,  by  virtue  of  their  warmth 
and  moisture,  except  in  the  ease  of  narcotic  fomen- 
tations, where  some  additional  effect  is  obtained. 

A  dry  fomentation  is  a  warm,  dry  application 
to  a  part ; — as  a  hot  brick,  wrapped  in  flannel ; — 
a  bag,  half  filled  with  chamomile  flowers  made 
hot,  &c. 

Fomentation  Herbs,  Herba  pro  fotu.  The 
herbs,  ordinarily  sold  under  this  title  by  the  Eng- 
lish apothecary,  are  —  southernwood,  tops  of  sea 
wormwood,  chamomile floivers,  each  two  parts;  hat/ 
leaves,  one  part.     §iijss  of  these  to  Ovj  of  water. 

FOMENTUM,  Fomentation. 

FOMES  MORBI,  Fomes  mali.  The  focus  or 
seat  of  any  disease.     (F.)  Foyer. 

Fomes  Ventriculi,  Hypochondriasis. 

FOM'ITES,  from,  fomes,  'fuel,  any  thing  which 
retains  heat.'  Enaus'ma,  Zop'yron.  A  term  ap- 
plied to  substances  which  are  supposed  to  retain 
contagious  effluvia  j  as  woollen  goods,  feathers, 
cotton,  &c. 

FONCTION,  Function. 

FOND,  Fundus. 

FONDANT,  Solvent. 

F0NGIF0R2IE,  Fungoid. 

FONGOtDE,  Fungoid. 

FONGOSITE,  Fungosity. 

FONGUS,  Fungus — /.  IleduUaire,  Encepha- 
loid. 

FONS,  Fontanella — f.  Lachrymarum,  see  Can- 
thus — f.  Medicatus,  "Water,  mineral — f.  Pulsans, 
Fontanella— f.  Pulsatilis,  Fontanella— f.  Saluta- 
rius,  Water,  mineral — f.  Soterius,  Water,  mineral 
— f.  Vitalis,  Centrum  vitale. 

FONSANGE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Fonsange  is  situated  near  Nismes  in  France. 
The  water  is  sulphuretted. 

FONTA'NA,  CANAL  OF.  A  canal  of  a  tri- 
angular shape,  at  the  inner  side  of  the  ciliary 
circle ;  partly  formed  by  the  groove  at  the  inner 
edges  of  the  cornea  and  sclerotica. 

FONTANEL'LA.  A  /onianeZ/- diminutive 
of  fons,  '  a  fountain.'  Fons  pidsat'ilis,  Fons  pul- 
sans,  Vertex  pal' pitans,  Fons,  Bregma,  Fontic'ii- 
lus,  Lacu'na,  3foidd.  The  opening  of  the  head. 
A  name,  given  to  a  space  occupied  by  a  cartilagi- 
nous membrane,  in  the  foetus  and  new-born  child, 
and  situate  at  the  union  of  the  angles  of  the  bones 
of  the  cranium.  There  are  .°ix  fontanels.  1.  The 
great  or  sincip'ital  or  anterior,  situate  at  the 
junction  of  the  sagittal  and  coronal  suture.s. 
2.  The  small  or  bregmat'ic  ox  posterior,  situate  at 
the  part  where  the  posterior  and  superior  angles 
of  the  parietal  bones  unite  with  the  upper  part 
of  the  OS  occipitis.     3.  The  two  sphenoidal,  in  th« 


rONTES 


386 


FORENSIC  ANATOMY 


temporal  fossae;  and,  4.  The  two  mastoid,  or  of 
Caaserius,  at  the  union  of  the  parietal,  occipital, 
and  temporal  bones. 

FONTES,  see  Fons  —  f.  Medicati  Plumbarii, 
Plombieres,  mineral  waters  of — f.  Sulphurei  ca- 
lidi,  Waters,  mineral,  sulphureous. 

FONTIGVLE  A  POIS,  see  Fonticulus. 

FGNTIC'ULUS,  Fontanel'la,  Exuto'rium,  Ex'- 
utory,  Issue,  {¥.)  Fonticufe,  Cautlre.  A  small  ul- 
cer jjrodueed  by  art,  either  by  the  aid  of  caustics 
or  of  cutting  instruments;  the  discharge  from 
which  is  kept  up  with  a  view  to  fulfil  certain  the- 
rapeutical indications.  The  Pea  issue,  (F.)  Fon- 
ticide  d  pais,  is  kept  up  by  means  of  a  pea  placed 
in  it.  This  pea,  (F.)  Fois  a  caiUere,  is  sometimes 
formed  of  wax ;  at  others,  the  young,  blasted 
fruit  of  the  orange  is  employed.  The  common 
dried  garden  pea  answers  the  purpose.  The  seton 
is  also  an  issue. 

FOOD,  Aliment — f  Farinaceous,  see  Farina- 
ceous— f.  of  the  Gods,  Asafcetida. 

Food,  Prince  of  Wales's.  A  farinaceous  pre- 
paration, which  is  used  in  the  same  cases  as  ar- 
row-root^ is  said  to  consist  entirely  of  potato- 
flour. 

FOOL'S  STONES,  MALE,  Orchis  maseula. 

FOOT,  Pes— f.  Flat,  see  Kylloais— f.  Griiion's, 
Gryphius  pes. 

FOOTLING  CASE.  A  presentation  of  the  foot 
or  feet  in  parturition. 

FOP.,A'MEN,  Trema,  from  faro,  '1  pieyce.' 
Aulas,  (F.)  Trou.  Any  cavity,  pierced  through 
and  through.     Also,  the  orifice  of  a  canal. 

Foramen  Alteolare  Anterius,  see  Palatine 
canals — f.  Alveolare  posterius,  see  Palatine  canals 

—  f.  Amplum  pelvis,  Obturatorium  foramen  —  f. 
Aquasductus  Fallopii,  F.  stylomastoideum — f.  Au- 
ditorium externum,  see  Auditory  canal,  external 

—  f.  Auditorium  internum,  see  Auditory  canal, 
internal — f.  of  Biohat,  see  Canal,  arachnoid — f. 
of  Botal,  see  Botal  foramen — f.  Ca?cum  ossis  max- 
illaris  superioris,  see  Palatine  canals. 

Foramen  C^cum  of  the  Medul'la  Oblon- 
gata or  of  ViCQ.  d'Azyr;  (Fr.)  Trou  borgne.  A 
tolerably  deep  fossa  at  the  point  where  the  me- 
dium furrow  at  the  anterior  surface  of  the  me- 
dulla oblongata  meets  the  pons. 

Foramen  C^cum  of  the  Tongue,  see  Csecum 
foramen,  and  Tongue — f.  Carotid,  see  Carotica 
foramina. 

Fora'men  Centra'le  et  Limbus  Ltt'teus  Ret'- 
TSJE.  The  central /oramen  and  yellow  spot  of  the 
retina;  discovered  by  Sbmmering.  Mac'ula  lu'- 
tea,  (F.)  Tache  jaune.  It  is  situate  about  two 
lines  to  the  outside  of  the  optic  nerve,  and  in  the 
diiection  of  the  axis  of  the  eye. 

Foramen  Commune  Anterius,  Vulva — f.  Com- 
mune posterius,  see  Anus — f.  Condyloid,  see  Con- 
dyloid— f.  Conjugationis,  see  Conjugation — f.  Eth- 
moideum,  Orbitar  foramen,  internal — f.  Incisivum, 
see  Palatine  canal — -f.  Infraorbitarium,  see  Sub- 
orbitar  canal- — f.  Infrapubianum,  Obturatorium 
foramen — f.  Jugulare,  Lacerum  posterius  foramen 

—  -f.  Lacerum  in  basi  cranii,  Lacerum  posterius 
foramen  —  f.  Lacerum  inferius,  Sphenomaxillary 
fissure — f.  Lacerum  superius,  Sphenoidal  fissure 
— f.  Magnum,  see  Occipital  bone — f.  Mastoid,  sec 
Mastoid  foramen— f.  Mental,  see  Mental  foramen. 

Foramen  of  Monro.  An  opening  behind  the 
anterior  pillar  of  the  fornix,  somev.hat  above  the 
anterior  commissure,  by  which  the  third  ventricle 
fommiinicates  with  the  lateral  ventricle. 

Foramen  op  Morgagmi,  see  Cajc-um  foramen 
and  Tongue — f.  Obturatorium,  Obturator  foramen 
—  f.  Oeuli,  Pupil  —  f.  Oodes,  Ovale  foramen  —  f. 
Orbitiirium  internum,  Orbitar  foramen,  internal — 
f.  Orbitarium  superius,  Orbitar  foramen,  superior, 
jr.  gupraorbitarium — f  Ovale,  Botal  ''orair en,  Fe- 


nestra ovalis,  Obturatorium  foramen,  Ovale  fora- 
men— f.  Palatinum  anterius,  see  Palatine  canals 
— f.  Palatinum  posterius,  see  Palatine  canals — f. 
Palato-maxillare,  see  Palatine  canals — f.  RotuD- 
dum.  Fenestra  rotunda — f.  Spheno-spinosum,  Spi- 
nale  foramen — f;  Thyroideum,  Obturatorium  fora- 
men— f.  of  Winslow,  Hiatus  of  Winslow. 

Foram'ina  Thebe'sil  Openings  resembling 
vascular  orifices,  found  below  the  orifice  of  the 
vena  cava  superior  in  the  right  auricle,  which  are 
supposed  to  be  the  openings  of  veins. 

FORATIO,  Trepanning. 

FOP.,CE,  from  forth,  '  strong.'  Vis,  Poten'tia, 
Energi'a,  Dy'namis,  Cratos.  Any  power  which 
produces  an  action.  Those  powers  which  are  in- 
herent in  organization  are  called  vital  forces.  We 
say,  also,  organic  force,  and  muscular  force,  to 
designate  that  of  the  organs  in  general,  or  of  the 
muscles  in  particular.  To  the  latter  the  word 
Dynamis,  IvvaiJis,  corresponds ;  and  the  absence  of 
this  force  is  termed  adyna'mia.  The  vital  forces 
have  to  be  carefully  studied  by  the  pathologist. 
The  doctrine  of  diseases  is  greatly  dependent  on 
their  augmentation  or  diminution;  freedom  or 
oppression,  &c. 

Force  of  Assimilation,  Plastic  force — f.  Cata- 
lytic, see  Catalysis — f.  of  Formation,  Plastic  force 
— f.  Germ,  Plastic  force  —  f.  Metabolic,  see  Meta- 
bolic force — f.  of  Nutrition,  Plastic  force  —  f.  of 
Vegetation,  Plastic  force— f.  Vital,  Vis  vitalis — -/. 
Vitule,  Vis  vitalis. 

FORCE-REAL,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
The  name  of  a  mountain,  situate  four  leagues 
from  Perpignan  in  France.  The  water  is  chaly- 
beate. 

FORCEPS,  quasi./ewceps,  from  ferrum,  'iron,' 
and  cajiio,  'I  take.'  Pincers,  Labis,  Volsel'lcB. 
An  instrument  for  removing  bodies,  which  it 
would  be  inconvenient  or  impracticable  to  seize 
with  the  fingers.  (F.)  Pinces,  Pincettes.  There 
are  various  kinds  of  forceps,  1.  The  ordinary 
kind,  contained  in  every  dressing-case,  for  re- 
moving lint,  &c.  from  wounds  or  ulcers.  (F.)  Pin- 
ces a  anneaux.  2.  Dissecting  or  Lig'ature  or  At- 
te'rial  Forceps,  (F.)  Pinces  d  dissection,  P.  a  liga- 
ture, to  lay  hold  of  delicate  parts.  3.  Pol'ypva 
Forceps,  Tooth  Forceps,  Forceps  of  Museux  for 
laying  hold  of  the  tonsils  or  other  parts  to  be  re- 
moved. 4.  The  Bullet  Forceps,  Strombul'cus, 
(Fr.)  Tireballe.  5.  The  Lithot'omy  Forceps, 
Lithol'abon,  Lithogo'gum,  Tenac'ula,  Volsel'la, 
which  resembles  the  Craniotomy  Forceps,  (F.) 
Tenettes. 

Forceps  is  also  an  instrument  used  by  obstetri- 
cal practitioners  to  embrace  the  head,  and  bring 
it  through  the  pelvis.  It  consists  of  two  branches, 
blades  or  levers  ;  one  of  which,  in  the  case  of  the 
short  forceps,  is  passed  over  the  ear  of  the  child, 
and  the  other  opposite  to  the  former,  so  that  the 
blades  may  lock.  When  the  head  is  secure'!,  in- 
cluded between  the  blades,  the  operation  ot  ex- 
traction can  be  commenced.     See  Parturition. 

Forceps,  see  Corpus  callosum — f.  Anterior,  see 
Corpus  callosum  —  f.  Arterial,  see  Forceps  —  f. 
Bullet,  see  Forceps — f.  Craniotomy,  see  Forceps 
— f.  Deceptoria,  see  Forceps  —  f.  Lithotomy,  see 
Forceps — f.  of  Museux,  see  Forceps — f.  Polypus, 
see  Forceps — f.  Tooth,  see  Forceps. 

FORD'S  BALSAM  OF  HOREUOUND,  see 
Balsam  of  horehound. 

FOREARM.  Aidihra'f.hlwn,  Pygme,  Parsinfc'- 
rlor  bra'chii,  Cu'biius,  (¥.)  Avant-bms.  Thepait 
of  the  upper  extremity,  comprised  betwem  the 
arm  and  the  hand.  It  is  composed  of  two  bones 
— radius  and  i://ia— and  20  muscles. 

FOREHEAD,  Front. 

FORENSIC  ANATOMY,  soo  Anatomy  — £. 
Medicine,  Medicine,  legal. 


FORES 


387 


FOSSES 


FORES,  Genital  organs. 

FORESKIN,  Prepuce. 

FORFEX,  Scissors — f.  Dentaria,  Dentagra. 

FORFIC'ULA  AURICULA'RIA,  £'ar«;»sr.  An 
insect  of  the  Order  Orthoptera,  which  occasion- 
ally enters  the  meatus  auditorius  externus,  and 
excites  intense  pain.  It  may  be  destroyed  by 
tobacco-smoke,  or  by  oil  poured  into  the  meatus. 

FORGES,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Forges 
is  situate  four  leagues  from  Gournay,  in  the  de- 
partment of  Seine  Inferienre,  France.  There 
are  three  springs,  which  are  acidulous  chaly- 
beates.  These  are  called  Royal,  Reinette,  and  Car- 
dinal, in  honor  of  Louis  XIII.,  Queen  Anne  of 
Austria,  and  Cardinal  Richelieu,  who  used  them. 

FORMATIVE,  Plastic. 

FORMI'CA,  llyrmex.  The  ant  or  pismire. 
(F.)  Fourmi.  It  contains  an  acid  juice  and  gross 
oil,  which  were  formerly  extolled  as  aphrodi- 
siacs. The  chrysalides  of  the  animal  are  said  to  be 
diuretic  and  carminative ;  and  have  been  used  in 
dropsy.  2.  Also  the  name  of  a  black  wart,  ver- 
ru'ca  formiea'ria,  with  a  broad  base  and  cleft 
surface ;  so  called  because  the  pain  attending  it 
resembles  the  biting  of  an  ant,  nvp/iriKia,  myrme'- 
aia.  —  Forestus.  3.  A  varicose  tumour  on  the 
anus  and  glans  penis.     4.  Also,  miliary  herpes. 

Formica  Ambulatoria,  Herpes  circinatus  — 
f.  Corrosive,  Herpes  exedens. 

FOP>.M'ICANT,  3Iyrme' cizon,  Formi'eans,  from 
formica,  'an  ant.'  (F.)  Fourmillant.  An  epi- 
thet given  to  the  pulse,  Pulsus  formi'eans,  when 
extremely  small,  scarcely  perceptible,  unequal, 
and  communicating  a  sensation  like  that  of  the 
motion  of  an  ant  through  a  thin  texture. 

FORMIGA'TION,  Formica'tio,  Myrmecias'- 
mus,  Mijrmeci'asis,  Myrmecis'mus,  Myrmeco'sis, 
Stupor  formi' cans.  Same  etymon.  (F.)  Four- 
millement.  A  pain,  compared  with  that  which 
would  be  caused  by  a  number  of  ants  creeping  on 
a  part. 

FORMIX,  Herpes  esthiomenus. 

FOR'MULA,  from /ormrt,  'a  form.'  (F.)  For- 
mide,  Ordonnance.  The  receipt  for  the  formation 
of  a  compound  medicine  ;  a  prescription. 

FORM'ULARY,  Formula' rium,  Codex  mediea- 
menta'rius,  Narthe'cia,  Narthe'cium,  Narthex.  A 
collection  of  medical  formula  or  receipts. 

FORMULE,  Prescription. 

FORMYL,  PERCHLORIDE  OF.  Chloro- 
form. 

FORNIX,  'an  arch  or  vault.'  For'nix  cer'ehri, 
Oam'era,  Fornix  trilat'ents,  Psalis,  Psalid'ium, 
Testa' do  cer'ehri,  Arciis  medxdla'ris,  (F.)  Trigone 
cerebral  —  (Ch.,)  Voiite  d  trois  piliers,  Triangle 
Mididlaire.  A  medullary  body  in  the  brain, 
below  the  corpus  callosum  and  above  the  middle 
ventricle,  on  the  median  line.  This  body,  which 
is  cur^^ed  upon  itself,  terminates  anteriorly  by  a 
prolongation,  which  constitutes  its  anterior  pillar 
or  cms,  (F.)  Pilier  anterieur,  and  posteriorly  by 
two  similar  prolongations,  called  posterior  pillars 
or  crura.     See  Achicolum,  and  Vault. 

FoRNi:j;  Cerebri,  Fornix. 

FORPEX,  Scissors. 

FORTIFIANT,  Corroborant,  Tonic. 

PORTRAITURE,  Hysteralgia. 

FOSSA,  Fo'vea,  irora  fodio,  'I  dig.'  Scammn. 
A  cavity  of  greater  or  less  depth,  the  entrance  to 
which  is  always  larger  than  the  base.  The  fossas 
of  bones  have  been  called  simple,  when  they  belong 
to  one  bone  only,  as  the  parietal  fosses;  and 
compound,  (F.)  Fosses  composees,  when  several 
concur  in  their  formation,  as  the  orhitar  fosscB, 
temporal  fossa,  &c. 

Fossa  AjlYa'DALOID,  Amyg' daloid  excava'tion. 
TUe  space  between  the  anterior  and  posterior 


pillars  of  the  fauces,  which  is  occupied  by  tbft 

tonsils. 

Fossa  Amyn't^.  A  kind  of  bandage,  used  in 
fractures  of  the  nose ;  so  called,  by  Galen,  from 
Amyntas  of  Rhodes,  its  inventor.  It  consisted 
of  a  long  band,  applied  round  the  head,  the  turns 
of  which  crossed  at  the  root  of  the  nose. 

Fossa  Canina,  Canine  fossa. 

Fossa  Cerebel'li,  (F.)  Fosse  cerihellense.  The 
inferior  occipital  fossa,  which  lodges  the  corre- 
sponding portion  of  the  cerebellum. 

Fossa  Corona'lis,  Coro'nal  or  frontal  fossa. 
A  depression  on  the  orbitar  plate  of  the  frontal 
or  coronal  bone,  which  supports  the  anterior  lobe 
of  the  brain. 

Fossa  CoRONoi'DEA,  Cor' onoid  fossa.  A  cavity 
before  the  inferior  extremity  of  the  humerus,  in 
which  the  coronoid  process  of  the  ulna  is  engaged 
during  the  flexion  of  the  forearm. 

Fossa  Cotyloidea,  see  Cotyloid. 

Fossa,  Digas'tric,  Fossa  digas'triea.  A  deep 
groove  on  the  mastoid  portion  of  the  temporiil 
bone,  which  gives  origin  to  the  digastric  muscle. 

Fossa  Ethmoida'lis,  Ethmoid  fossa.  A  shai'- 
low  gutter  on  the  upper  surface  of  the  ci-ibri- 
form  plate  of  the  ethmoid  bone,  on  which  is 
lodged  the  expanded  portion  of  the  olfactory 
nerve. 

Fossa  Genu,  Poples. 

Fossa  Guttura'lis,  Gut' tural  fossa.  The  de- 
pression which  forms  the  guttural  region  of  the 
base  of  the  cranium,  between  the  foramen  mag- 
num and  posterior  nares. 

Fossa  Hyaloidba,  see  Hyaloid  (Fossa) — f; 
Iliac,  see  Iliac  fossse  —  f.  Infra-orbitar,  Canine 
fossa — f.  Infra-spinous,  see  Infra-spinata  fossa. 

Fossa  Innominata.  The  space  between  the 
helix  and  antihelix  of  the  ear. 

Fossa,  Ischio-rectal,  Perineal  fossa — f.  Ju- 
gularis.  Jugular  fossa- -f.  Lachrymalis,  Lachrymal 
fossa  —  f.  Magna  Muliebris,  Vulva  —  f.  Magna 
Sylvii,  Fissura  Sylvii. 

Fossa,  Mental,  Fossa  menta'lis.  A  small  de- 
pression on  each  side  of  the  symphysis  on  the 
anterior  surface  of  the  body  of  the  maxilla  infe- 
rior, for  the  attachment  of  muscles. 

Fossa  Naticularis,  Navicular  fossa. 

Fossa  Occipita'lis,  Occip'ital  fossa.  The 
occipital  fossae  are  four  in  number  ;  the  superior 
or  cerebral,  and  the  inferior  or  cerebellous.  They 
are  separated  by  a  groove,  which  lodges  the  late- 
ral sinus. 

Fossa  Ovalis,  see  Ovalis  fossa  —  f.  Palatina, 
Palate^ — f.  Perinaei,  Perineal  fossa — f.  Pituitaria, 
Sella  Turcica. 

Fossa  Poplite'a,  PopUte'al fossa.  The  hol- 
low of  the  ham ;— the  popliteal  region. 

Fossa  Scaphoides,  Navicularis  fossa — f.  bab- 
orbitar.  Canine  fossa. 

Fossa,  Subpykam'idal,  F.  suhpyramida'lis.  A 
deep  fossa  under  the  pyramid  and  behind  the  fe- 
nestra rotunda  in  the  middle  ear,  remarkable  for 
its  constancy,  and  pierced  by  several  foramina  at 
the'  bottom. 

Fossa  Supra-sphenoid alis,  Pituitaria  fossa. — 
f.  of  Sylvius,  Ventricle,  fifth — f.  Umbilicalis,  so^ 
Liver. 

Foss^  Cerebra'les,  Cer'ehral  fossm.  Fos.';;* 
or  excavations  at  the  base  of  the  ci-anium.  They 
are  nine  in  number ;  three  occupy  the  medlar, 
line,  and  three  are  placed  at  each  side.  They  ar4 
distinguished  into  anterior,  middle,  and  posterior. 

FosSjE  Digitales,  see  Impression. 

FOSSE  BASIL  AIRE,  Basilary  fossa—/, 
Sous-Spineuse,  Infra-spinata  fossa  — /.  Sus-ij/i- 
neuse,  Fossa  supra-spinata. 

FOSSES  CONDYLOiDIENNES,  CondyW, 


FOSSETTE 


388 


FR^NUM 


\dea  foramina — -/.  Nasales,  Ouvertures  posten'ew-es 
den,  Xares.  posterior. 

FOSSETTE,  (F.)  Diminutive  oi fossa.  Scro- 
'bic'ulus,  Both'rion.  Several  depressions  are  so 
tailed.  A  dimpled  cTiin,  Fossette  da  menton,  con- 
sists in  a  slight  depression,  -which  certain  persons 
have  on  the  chin.  2.  A  dimple  of  the  cheek,  (F.) 
Fossette  dea  jouea,  a  depression  which  occurs  on 
the  cheeks  of  certain  persons  when  they  laugh. 
Scrohic'ulus  cordis,  Anticar'dion,  PrcBCor'dium, 
(F.)  Fossette  du  cceur.  The  depression  observed 
vn  a  level  with  the  xiphoid  cartilage  at  the  ante- 
rior and  inferior  part  of  the  chest.  It  is,  also, 
called  pit  of  the  stomach,  (F. )  Creux  de  Vestomac. 

FOSSETTE,  Fos'aula,  A'nuhis,  Eothrium,  is 
also  a  small  ulcer  of  the  transparent  cornea,  the 
centre  of  which  is  deep. 

^FOSSETTE  ANGULAIRE  BTJ  QUATRI- 
EME  VENTRICULE,  Calamus  scriptorius— /. 
du  Coeur.  Scrobiculus  cordis. 

FOSSORIUM,  Fleam. 

FOSSULA,  Arsema,  Fossa,  Fossette,  Fovea. 

FOTHERGILL'S  PILLS,  see  Pilulge  aloes  et 
coloeynthidis. 

FOTUS,  Fomentation — f.  Communis, Deeoctum 
papaveris. 

FO  U,  Insane. 

FOUGERE  FEMELLE,  Asplenium  filix  foe- 
mina,  Pteris  aquilina — f.  Grande,  Pteris  aquilina 
— f.  Ma  le,  PoljT3odium  filix  mas. 

'FOULURE,  Sprain. 

FOUXDLIXG  HOSPITAL,  Brephotropheum. 

FOURCHE,  (F.),fourche,  'cleft;'  from/»?-ca, 
*  a  fork.'  Aposte'ma  Phalan' gum.  A  French 
provincial  term  for  small  abscesses  which  form  on 
the  fingers  and  hands  of  working-people.  Also, 
aa  instrument,  invented  by  M.  J.  L.  Petit,  for 
compressing  the  ranine  artery  in  cases  of  hemor- 
rhage from  that  vessel. 

FO  UE  CHETTE',  FurciVla,  a  little  fork.  Fur'- 
cula.  A  surgical  instrument  used  for  raising  and 
supporting  the  tongue,  during  the  operation  of 
dividing  the  fraenum. 

Fourchette,  in  anatomy,  is,  1.  The  posterior 
commissure  of  the  labia  majora,  called  also,  FrcB- 
iix',m  and  Fur' cula  Lahio'rum.  2.  The  cartilago 
ensiformis  :  so  called  from  its  being  sometimes 
cleft  like  a  fork.  Also,  the  semilunar  notch  at 
the  superior  or  clavicular  extremity  of  the 
sternum. 

FOURMI,  Formica. 

FO  JJRMILLANT,  Formicant. 

FO  URMILLE2IENT,  Formication. 
■    FOUSEL  OIL,  see  Oil,  fusel. 

FO'VEA,  diminutive,  Fove'ola,  from  fodio,  '1 
dig.'  Eothros.  A  slight  depression.  Fos'sula. 
The  pudendum  muliehre;  see  Vulva.  Also,  the 
fossa  navicularis.  A  vapour-bath  for  the  lower 
extremities. 

Fovea  Axillaris,  Axilla  —  f.  Elliptica,  see 
Crista  Yestibuli  —  f.  Hemisphserica,  see  Crista 
Yestibuli  —  f.  Lacrymalis,  Lachrymal  fossa  —  f. 
Oeuli,  Orbit  —  f.  Semi-elliptica,  see  Crista  Yesti- 
buli—  f.  Sulciformis,  see  Crista  Yestibuli. 

FOVEOLA,  Fovea. 

FOXBERRY,  Arbutus  uva  ursi. 

FOXGLOYE,  Digitalis. 

FO  YER,  Fomes  morbi. 

FRACTURA,  Fracture  — f.  Dentis,  Odonto- 
clivsis. 

FRACTURE,  Fractu'ra,  from  frangere,  frac- 
inm,  'to  break,'  'bruise.'  Catag'ma,  Catag'ma 
Eractu'ra,  Catax'is,  Clasis,  Glasma.,  Agme,  Ag- 
tiin,  Diar'rhage.  A  solution  of  continuity  in  a 
bone,  Osteoc'lasis.  A  simple  fracture  is  when  the 
bone  only  is  divided.  A  compound  fracture  is  a 
division  of  the  bone  with  a,  wound  of  the  integu- 


ments commnnicating  with  the  bone, — the  bone, 
indeed,  generally  protruding.  In  a  com' minuted 
fracture,  Alpihite'don,  aXcptTrjSov,  Carye'don  Ca- 
tag'ma, Kapvrjiov  Karayfia,  the  bone  is  broken  into 
several  pieces ;  and  in  a  complicated  fracture. 
there  is,  in  addition  to  the  injury  done  to  the 
bone,  a  lesion  of  some  considerable  vessel,  ner- 
vous trunk,  (fee.  Fractures  are  also  termed  trans- 
verse, oblique,  (fee,  according  to  their  direction. 
The  treatment  of  fractures  consists,  in  general,  in 
reducing  the  fragments  when  displaced;  maintain- 
ing them  when  reduced ;  preventing  the  symp- 
toms, which  may  be  likely  to  arise;  and  combating 
them  when  they  occur.  The  reduction  of  fractures 
must  be  efi'ected  by  extension,  counter-extension, 
and  coaptation.  The  parts  are  kept  in  apposition 
by  position,  rest,  and  an  appropriate  apparatus. 
The  position  must  vary  according  to  the  kind  of 
fracture.  Commonly,  the  fractured  limb  is  placed 
on  a  horizontal  or  slightly  inclined  plane,  in  a 
state  of  extension ;  or  rather  in  a  middle  state 
between  extension  and  flexion,  according  to  the 
case. 

FRACTURE  EN  RAVE,  Raphanedon. 

Fracture  of  the  Radius,  Barton's,  Bar- 
ton's Fracture.  A  term  applied  to  a  fracture  of 
the  lower  extremity  of  the  radius,  which  com- 
mences at  the  articular  surface,  and  extends  up- 
wards for  an  inch  or  more,  to  terminate  on  the 
dorsal  aspect.  Owing  to  the  extensor  muscles 
drawing  up  the  separated  portion  of  the  bone, 
and  with  it  the  carpus,  a  deformity  results,  which 
has  been  confounded  with  simple  dislocation.  In 
consequence  of  the  fracture  having  been  well  de- 
scribed by  Dr.  John  Rhea  Barton,  of  Philadel- 
phia, it  is  often  called  after  him. 

FRACTURES  PAR  RESONNANCE,  see 
Contrafissura. 

FR^XA  EPIGLOT'TIDIS,  Glosso-epiglottic 
ligaments  —  f.  Morgagnii,  F.  of  the  Valve  of 
Bauhin. 

Fr^na  of  the  Valte  of  Bauhin,  (F.)  Freins 
de  la  valvule  de  Bauhin.  A  name  given  by  Mor- 
gagni  to  the  projecting  lines  formed  by  the  junc- 
tion of  the  extremities  of  the  two  lips  of  the  ileo- 
co9cal  valve.  They  are  also  called  Frcena  and 
Retinac'ula  3Iorgagn'ii. 

FR^XULUM,  see  Frajnum,  Bride  — t  Clito- 
ridis,  Fraenum  clitoridis — f.  Labiorum,  Fourchette 
— f.  Xovum,  Taenia  semicircularis. 

Fr^'nulum  Veli  Medulla'ris  Anterio'ris. 
A  narrow  slip,  given  off  by  the  commissure  of  the 
encephalic  testes,  which  strengthens  the  junction 
of  the  testes  with  the  valve  of  Vieussens. 

FR^XUM,  Fre'num;  (F.)  Frein,  'a  bridle.' 
Free' nidum,  Filel'lum,  Filamen'tum.  '  A  small 
bridle.'  A  bridle.  Xames  given  to  several  mem- 
branous folds,  which  bridle  and  retain  certain 
organs. 

Fr^nuji  Clitor'idis,  Frm'nulum  Clitor'idis, 
(F.)  Frein  du  Clitoris.  A  slight  duplicature 
formed  by  the  union  of  the  internal  portions  of 
the  upper  extremity  of  the  nymphae.      , 

Fr^num  Glandis,  F.  Penis. 

Fr^XUM  Labio'rum,  (F.)  Frein  des  levres. 
There  are  two  of  these;  one  for  the  upper,  the 
other  for  the  lower  lip.  They  unite  these  parts 
to  the  maxillary  bone,  and  are  formed  bj'  the 
mucous  membrane  of  the  mouth.  Also,  the 
Fojirchette, 

FrjENUH  LINGU.E,  Fra'nulum  sen  Vin'culum 
LingucB,  Glossodes'mus,  File'tum,  (F.)  Filet  ou 
Frein  de  la  langue,  is  a  triangular  reflection, 
formed  by  the  mucous  membrane  of  the  mouth, 
and  situate  between  the  inferior  paries  of  that 
cavity  and  the  inferior  surface  of  the  tongue. 
When  the  fraenum  extends  as  far  as  the  extra- 


FRAGARIA 


389 


PRAXINUS  AMERICANA 


mity  of  the  tongue,  it  cramps  its  moTemehts,  in- 
terferes with  sucking,  &o.  This  inconvenience 
is  remedied  by  carefully  snipping  it  with  a  pair 
of  scissors.  The  French  call  this  I'operation  du 
filet. 

Fr^stjit  Penis,  F.  seu  Fra'nvlum  seu  Yin'cu- 
lum  Prapii'tii,  F.  Glandis,  Cynodes'mion,  Cyno- 
dex'tnua,  Vin'cuhim  Oani'num,  (F.)  Filet  on  Frein 
de  la  verge,  is  a  membranous  reflection  which 
fixes  the  prepuce  to  the  lower  part  of  the  glans. 
When  too  short,  it  prevents  the  prepuce  from 
sliding  over  the  glans. 

FrjExum  PR^pnni,  F.  Penis. 
FRAGA'RIA,  from  fragro,  'I  smell  sweetly.' 
The  Straioherry,  Fraga'ria  vesea  seu  vidga'ris 
seu  semper-fiorens,  Chama'hatos,  (F.)  Fraisier. 
The  fruit  is  agreeable  and  wholesome,  and  the 
roots  have  been  used  as  tonic  and  slightly  diure- 
tic. The  fruit  is  the  Fragrum,  KOjiafov  of  the  an- 
cients ;   (F.)  Fraise. 

Fragaria  Anserina,  Potentilla  anserina — f. 
Pentaphyllum,  Potentilla  reptans — f.  Tormentilla 
officinalis,  Potentilla  tormentilla. 

Fraga'ria    Virginia'na,    Wild    Strawherry. 

An  indigenous  plant,  which  has  astringent  leaves. 

FRAGILE  VITREUM,  Fragilitas  ossium. 

FRAGIL'ITAS,  i?«i3<i6!7'i>as,  irom  frango,  '1 

break.'      Fragility,   Brittleness.      The   state   of 

being  easily  broken  or  torn. 

Fkagil'itas  Os'siuir,  OsteopsatTiyro'sis,  BrW- 
tleneas  of  the  hones,  Friahil'ity  of  the  hones.  Fa- 
ros'tia  frag"  His,  Frag" He  vit'revm.  Pathologists 
have  given  this  name  to  the  extreme  facility  with 
which  bones  break  in  certain  diseases  of  the  os- 
seous texture.  It  is  owing  to  a  deficiency  of  the 
animal  matter. 

FRAGMENT,  Fragmen'tum,  Frogmen,  Fa- 
men' turn,  iiom.  frangere,  'to  break.'  The  French 
use  this  term  for  the  two  portions  of  a  fractured 
bone ;  thus,  they  speak  of  the  superior  and  the 
inferior  fragment. 

Fragments,    Prec"ious.     A   name   formerly 
given,  in   Pharmacy,   to  the    garnet,  hyacinth, 
emerald,  sapphire  and  topaz.     The  Arabs  falsely 
attributed  to  them  cordial  and  alixiterial  proper- 
ties. 
FRAG  ON,  Ruscus. 
FRAGUM,  see  Fragaria. 
FRAISE,  see  Fragaria. 
FRAISIER,  Fragaria. 

FRAMBCE'SIA,  FramhcB'sia,  Lepra  fungif- 
era,  from  Framboise,  (F.)  'A  raspberry.'  Syph'- 
ilis  In'dica,  Anthra'cia  ru'bula,  Thymio'sis,  Thy- 
mio'sis  seu  Lues  In'dica,  Vari'ola  Amboinen'sis, 
Lepra  fungif  era,  Scroph'ula  Molucca'na.  The 
Yaws,  Epian,  Pian.  A  disease  of  the  Antilles 
and  of  Africa,  characterized  by  tumours,  of  a 
contagious  character,  which  resemble  strawber- 
ries, raspberries,  or  champignons ;  ulcerate,  and 
are  accompanied  by  emaciation.  The  Pian,  for 
so  the  Indians  call  it,  differs  somewhat  in  Ame- 
rica and  Africa. 

Pian  of  Amer'ica,  Framhce'sia  America'na, 
Anthra'cia  Bu'bula  Americana,  occurs  under 
similar  circumstances  with  the  next,  and  seems 
to  be  transmitted  by  copulation.  The  tumours 
have  a  similar  form,  and  are  greater  in  propor- 
tion to  their  paucity.  In  some  cases  they  are 
mixed  with  ulcers. 

Pian  of  Guin'ea,  Framhce'sia  Guineen'sis,  An- 
thra'cia Ru'bula  Guineen'sis,  is  common  amongst 
the  negroes,  especially  in  childhood  and  youth. 
It  begins  by  small  spots,  which  appear  on  diffe- 
rent parts,  and  especially  en  the  organs  of  gene- 
ration and  around  the  anus;  these  spots  disap- 
pear, and  are  transformed  into  an  eschar,  to 
which  an  excrescence  succeeds,  that  grows  slowly, 
and  has  ihe  shape  above  described. 


The  treatment  is  nearly  the  same  in  the  two 
varieties.  The  tumours  will  yield  to  mercurial 
friction,  when  small.  AYhen  large,  they  must  be 
destroyed  by  caustic.  In  both  cases,  mercury 
must  be  given  to  prevent  a  recurrence. 

An  endemic  disease  resembling  yaws  was  ob- 
served in  the  Feejee  Islands  by  the  medical  nffi  • 
cers  of  the  United  States'  Exploring  Expediiion. 
It  is  called  by  the  natives  Bthoke. 

Frambcesia  Illyrica,  Scherlievo  —  f.  Scotiea, 
Sibbens. 

FRAMBOISE,  Rubus  idasus. 

FRANCOLIN,  Attagen. 

F RANGES  SYNO  VI ALES,  Synovial  glands. 

FRANGULA  ALNUS,  Rhamnus  frangula. 

FRANE:INCENSE,  common,  see  Pinus 
abies — f.  True,  Juniperus  lycia. 

FRANZENSBAD,  FRANZBAD,  or  FRANZ- 
ENSBRUNN,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  A 
celebrated  water  at  Eger,  in  Bohemia,  which 
contains  sulphate  of  soda,  carbonate  of  iron,  and 
carbonic  acid  gas.  The  springs  are  also  called 
Franzensbrunnen. 

FRAPPER,  Percuss. 

FRASERA  CAROLINIENSIS,  see  Calumba 
— f.  Officinalis,  see  Calumba — f.  Walteri,  see  Ca- 
lumba. 

FRATER  UTERINUS,  see  Uterinus  frater. 

FRATERNITAS,  Adelphixia. 

FRATRATIO,  Adelphixia. 

FRAXINELLA  DICTAMNUS,  Dictamnus 
albus — f.  White,  Dictamnus  albus. 

FRAXINUS  AMERICA'NA,  White  Ash;  and 

Fraxinus  Quadrangula'ta,  Blue  Ash,  indi- 
genous ;  have  bitter  and  astringent  barks,  and 
have  been  used  as  antiperiodics.  ^ 

Fraxinus  Apetala,  F.  excelsior — f.  Aurea,  F. 
excelsior — f.  Crispa,  F.  excelsior — f.  Excelsa,  F. 
excelsior. 

Frax'inus  Excel'sior.  The  systematic  name 
of  the  Ash  tree,  Frax'inus,  Orntis  seu  Fraxinus 
sylves'tris,  Fr.  apet'ala  seu  au'rea  seu  ci'ispa  seu 
excel' sa  seu  pen'dula  seu  verruco'sa,  Bume'lia  seu 
Macedon'ica  Fraxinus,  Bumelia.  Ord.  Oleacea?. 
(F.)  Frene.  The  fresh  bark  has  a  moderately 
strong,  bitterish  taste.  It  has  been  said  to  pos- 
sess resolvent  and  diuretic  qualities,  and  has  been 
given  in  intermittents.  The  seeds,  called  Birds' 
tongues,  LingucB  avis,  Ornithoglos'ses,  have  been 
exhibited  as  diuretics,  in  the  dose  of  a  drachm. 
Its  sap  has  been  extolled  against  deafness. 

Fraxinus  Florifera,  F.  ornus — f.  Macedo- 
nica,  F.  excelsior. 

Fraxinus  Ornus,  Fraxinus  me'lia  seu  pant- 
cula'ta  sen  florifera,  Ornus  mannif  era  sen  rotun- 
difo'lia.  The  systematic  name  of  the  tree  whence 
7)ianna  flows.  This  substance  is  also  called  Manna 
Calabri'na,  Ros  Calabri'nus,  Aerom'eli,  Drosom'- 
eli,  Drysom'eli,  Mel  ae'rium,  Succus  orni  concre'- 
tus.  In  SicUy,  not  only  the  Fraxinus  Ornus,  but 
also  the  F.  rotundifolia  and  F.  excelsior  are  regular- 
ly cultivated  for  the  purpose  of  procuring  manna, 
which  is  their  condensed  juice.  In  the  Ph.  U.  S. 
it  is  assigned  to  Ornus  Europcsa.  Manna  is  in- 
odorous, sweetish,  with  a  very  slight  degree  of 
bitterness  ,•  in  friable  flakes,  of  a  whitish  or  pale 
yellow  colour;  opake,  and  soluble  in  water  and 
alcohol.  It  is  laxative,  and  is  used  as  a  pur- 
gative for  children,  who  take  it  readily  on  ac- 
count of  its  sweetness.  More  generally  it  is  em- 
ployed as  an  adjunct  to  other  purgatives.  Dose, 
§ss  to  §ij.  Its  immediate  principle  is  called 
Mannite  or  Mannin.  This  has  been  recomrajnded 
by  Magendie  as  a  substitute  for  manna.  Doso, 
^ij,  for  children. 

Fraxinus  Paniculata,  F,  ornus — f.  Quadran- 
gulata,  see  F.  Americana  —  f.  Rotundifolia,  ff. 
ornus. 


FRATEUR 


390 


FROISSEMENT 


FRAYEUR  NOCTURNE,  Panophobia. 

FRECKLES,  Ephelides. 

FREEMAN'S  BATHING  SPIRITS,  see  Li- 
nimentum  saponis  compositum. 

FREIN,  Fraenum — /.  du  Clitoris,  Fraenum 
clitoridis  — f.  de  la  Langue,  Fraenum  linguae  — /. 
«/««  Livres,  Fraenum  laborium — /.  de  la  Verge, 
Fraenum  penis. 

F RE  INS  DE  LA  VAL  VULE  DE  BA  UHIN, 
Frfena  of  the  valve  of  Bauhin. 

FREINWALDE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
These  springs  are  in  Brandenburg,  twelve  leagues 
from  Berlin.  They  contain  chloride  of  sodium, 
sulphate  of  magnesia,  chloride  of  magnesium,  sul- 
phate of  lime,  carbonates  of  lime  and  magnesia, 
iron,  &e.,  and  are  used  in  asthenic  diseases. 

FREMISSEMENT,  Shuddering. 

FREMISSE3IENT  CAT  AIRE  (F.),  'Cat's 
purr.'  Purring  Tremor.  Laennec  has  given  this 
name  to  the  agitation  which  is  sensible  to  the 
hand,  when  applied  on  the  praecordial  region, 
and  which  he  considers  a  sign  of  ossification  or 
other  contraction  of  the  auriculo-ventricular  open- 
ings. The  name  was  chosen  by  him  from  the 
analogy  of  the  sound  to  the  purring  of  a  cat. 

FREMITUS,  Bruissement,  Fremisaement,  Shud- 
dering. 

The  Pec'toral  or  Vocal  Frem'itus,  Pectoral  Vi- 
ira'tion.  Tactile  vibration,  is  an  obscure  diffused 
resonance  of  the  voice,  which  is  felt  when  the 
hand  is  applied  to  the  chest. 

FRENA,  Alveolus. 

FRENE,    Fraxinus    excelsior  — /.   Fpineux, 
Xanthoxylum  clava  Herculis. 
,    FRENULUM,  see  Fraenum. 

FRENUM,  Fraenum. 

FRET,  Chafing,  Herpes. 

FRETILLEMENT,  Fidgets. 

FRICATIO,  Friction. 

FRICATORIUM,  Liniment. 

FRICB,  Fricum,  Frico'nium.  A  medicine 
which  the  ancients  employed  under  the  form  of 
friction.  They  distinguish  the  Friee  siceum  and 
F.  molle. — Gaubius. 

FRICONIUM,  Frice. 

FRICTA,  Colophonia. 

FRICTIO,  Friction  — f.  Humida,  see  Friction 
— ^f.  Sicca,  see  Friction. 

FRICTION,  Fric'tio,  Erica' tio,  Anat'ribe, 
Anatrip'sis,  Trypsis,  Chirap'sia,  from  fricare, 
'to  rub.'  The  action  of  rubbing  a  part  of  the 
surface  of  the  body  more  or  less  forcibly,  with 
the  hands,  a  brush,  flannel,  &c.,  constituting  Xe- 
rotrih'ia,  Xerotrip' sis,  Fric'tio  sicca  or  dry  fric- 
tion ;  or  with  ointments,  liniments,  tinctures,  &e., 
constituting  r/ioi«f /n'cizoj!,  Fric'tio  hu'mida.  It 
is  a  useful  means  for  exciting  the  action  of  the 
skin. 

FRicnoN  Sound,  Bruit  de  frottement. 

FRICTRIX,  Trihade. 

FRICTUM,  Liniment. 

FRICUM,  Frice. 

FRIGEFACIENTIA,  Refrigerants. 

FRIGID,  Frig"idu8,  (F.)  Froid :  same  ety- 
mon as  Frigidity.  Cold.  Not  easily  moved  to 
sexual  desire;  Tmbel'lis  ad  ven'erem.     Impotent. 

FRIGIDARIUM,  Bath,  cold. 

FRIGID'ITY,  Frigid' itas,  from  frigidvm, 
'cold.'  A  sensation  of  cold.  Also,  impotence, 
and  sterility.  Frigidity  of  the  stomach  is  a  state 
of  debility  of  that  organ,  imputed  to  excessive 
Vdnery, — \h&Anorex'ia  exhausto'rum of  Sauvages. 

FRIGIDUS,  Frigid. 

FRIGORIF'IC,  from /rf^«9,  'cold,'  and /o, 
'  I  make.  That  which  has  the  power  of  produc- 
ing cold.  The  beat  Frigorific  Mixtures  are 
the  following.      Their  effects  are  owing  to  the 


rapid  absorption  of  heat  when  solids  pass  into 
the  liquid  state. 

Frigorific  Mixtures  vnxn  Snow. 


llixtures. 
Snow,    or    pounded     ice,  two 
parts  by  weight; 

Chloride  of  Sodium 1. 

Snow  or  pounded  ice 5. 

Chloride  of  Sodium 2. 

Mur.  of  Ammonia 1. 

Snow  or  pounded  ice 24. 

Chloride  of  Sodium 10. 

Muriate  of  Ammonia 5. 

Nitrate  of  Potash 5. 

Snow  or  pounded  ice 12. 

Chloride  of  Sodium 6. 

Nitrate  of  Ammonia 5. 

Dilut.  Sulph.  Acid 2. 

Snow 3. 

Concentr.  Mur.  Acid 5. 

Snow 8. 

Concentr.  Nitrous  Acid. ...  4. 

Snow 7. 

Chloride  of  Calcium 5. 

Snow 4. 

Crystall.  Chloride  of  Calcium  3. 

Snow 2. 

Fused  Potash 4. 

Snow 3. 


Therm,  falls, 

( 

to— 5° 


]> 


to— 12" 


to— 18= 


to— 25° 
from +32° 

to— 23° 
from+32° 

to— 27° 
from -1-32° 

to— 30° 
from-l-32° 

to— 40° 
from+32° 

to— 50° 
from-l-32° 

to— 51° 


Frigorific  Mixtures  may  also  be  made  by  the 
rapid  solution  of  salts,  without  the  use  of  snow  or 
ice.     The  salts  must  be  finely  powdered  and  dry. 

Frigorific  Mixtures  without  Snow. 


:} 


dlixtiires. 

Mur.  of  Ammonia 5. 

Nitrate  of  Potash 5. 

Water 16. 

Mur.  of  Ammonia 5. 

Nitrate  of  Potash 5. 

Sulphate  of  Soda 8.  i 

Water 16.J 

Nitrate  of  Ammonia 1.  ] 

Water 1.  J 

Nitrate  of  Ammonia 1 

Carbonate  of  Soda 1 

Water 1 

Sulphate  of  Soda 

Dilut.  Nitrous  Acid 2 

Sulphate  of  Soda 

Mur.  of  Ammonia 4. 

Nitrate  of  Potash 2.  j 

Dilut.  Nitrous  Acid 4.  J 

Sulphate  of  Soda 6, 

Nitrate  of  Ammonia 5 

Dilut.  Nitrous  Acid 4 

Phosphate  of  Soda 9.  ) 

Dilut.  Nitrous  Acid 4.  j 

Phosphate  of  Soda 9. 

Nitrate  of  Ammonia 6. 

Dilut.  Nitrous  Acid 4. 

Sulphate  of  Soda. 8. 

Muriatic  Acid 5. 

Sulphate  of  Soda 5. 

Dilut.  Sulphuric  Acid 4. 

FRIGUS,  Cold— f.  Tenue.  see  Rigor. 
FRISSON,  Rigor. 
FRISSONNEMENT,  Horripilation. 
FROGLEAF,  Brasenia  Hydropeltis. 
FROG  TONGUE,  Ranula. 
FROGS'  SPAWN,  Sperma  ranarum. 
FROID,  Cold,  Frigid—/:  Glacial,  Ice-cold. 
FROISSEiVENT.  (F.)  '  Rubbing,  bruising.' 
FROISSEMENT  PTiJ.MONAIRE,  Bruit  de 
froissement  pulmonaire,    Pulmonary   crumptinff 


Therm,  falls, 

from+50° 

to— 10° 


from+50° 
to+lU° 

from-F50° 
to+  4° 

from-j-50° 
to—  7° 

from4-50° 
to—  3° 

from+50° 
to— 10° 

from-F50° 
to— 14° 

from-t-50° 
to— 12° 

from-f-50° 
to— 21° 

from4-50° 
to—  0° 

from+50° 
to—  3° 


FBOLEMENT 


391 


FUCUS 


gound.  A  name  given  by  M.  Fournet  to  a  respi- 
ratory sonnd,  which  communicates  to  the  ear  the 
sensation  of  the  rubbing  (froissement)  of  a  tex- 
ture compressed  against  a  hard  body.  It  is  by 
HO  means  well  defined. 

FROLEMENT,  (F.)  'Grazing  or  touching 
lightly.' 

FR6LEMENT  PERIGARDIQUE,  Bruit  de 
frolement  pericardique.  Rustling  noise  of  the 
pericardium.  A  sound  resembling  that  produced 
by  the  crumpling  of  a  piece  of  parchment  or  of 
thick  silken  stuff,  accompanying  the  systole  and 
diastole  of  the  heart.  It  indicates  roughness  of 
the  pericardium  induced  by  disease. 

FROM  AGE,  Cheese. 

F ROME  NT,  Triticum. 

FRONCEMENT,  Corrugation. 

FRO N OLE,  Furunculus. 

FRONDE,  Funda. 

FRONT,  FroHS,  Meto'pon,  Forehead,  Brow. 
That  part  of  the  visage,  which  extends  from  one 
temple  to  the  other,  and  is  comprised  in  a  verti- 
cal direction,  between  the  roots  of  the  hair  and 
the  superciliary  ridges. 

FRONTAL,  Fronta'lis.  Relating  or  belong- 
ing to  the  front.  This  name  has  been  given  to 
several  parts.  Winslow,  Sommering,  and  others, 
call  the  anterior  part  of  the  occipito-frontalis — 
the  frontal  mii^ele  or  fronta'lis,  3fusetilo'sa  Frontis 
Gutem  movens  substan'tia  Par  (Vesalius). 

Frontal  Artery,  A.  supra-orbita'lis,  is  given 
off  by  the  ophthalmic,  which  is  itself  a  branch  of 
the  internal  carotid.  It  makes  its  exit  from  the 
Bkull  at  the  upper  part  of  the  base  of  the  orbit, 
and  ascends  the  forehead  between  the  bone  and 
the  orbicularis  palpebrarum ;  dividing  into  three 
or  four  branches,  which  are  distributed  to  the 
neighbouring  muscles. 

Frontal  Bone,  Os  frontis,  Os  corona'le,  Os  in- 
verecuii' dum,  Meto'pon,  Os  puppis,  Os  Ratio'nis, 
A  double  bone  in  the  foetus,  single  in  the  adult, 
situate  at  the  base  of  the  cranium,  and  at  the 
Siuperior  part  of  the  face.  It  forms  the  vault 
of  the  orbit ;  lodges  the  ethmoid  bone  in  a 
notch  at  its  middle  part ;  and  is  articulated, 
besides,  with  the  sphenoid,  parietal,  and  nasal 
bones,  the  ossa  unguis,  superior  maxillary,  and 
malar  bones. 

Frontal  Furrow  extends  upwards  from  the 
frontal  spine,  and  becomes  gradually  larger  in  its 
course,  to  lodge  the  upper  part  of  the  superior 
longitudinal  sinus,  and  to  give  attachment  to  the 
falx  cerebri. 

Frontal  Nerve,  Palpihro-frontal  —  (Ch.,)  is 
the  greatest  of  the  three  branches  of  the  ophthal- 
mic nerve,  —  the  first  division  of  the  5th  pair. 
It  proceeds  along  the  superior  paries  of  the  orbit, 
and  divides  into  two  branches  :  —  the  one,  inter- 
nal, which  makes  its  exit  from  the  orbitar  fossa, 
passing  beneath  the  pulley  of  the  oblique  muscle : 
— the  other,  external,  issuing  from  the  same  ca- 
vity, by  the  foramen  orbitarium  superius. 

Frontal  Protu'berance,  Frontal  tuberos'ity, 
Tuber  fronta'le,  Suggrun'dium  supercilio'rum. 
The  protuberance  of  the  frontal  bone  above  the 
superciliary  arch. 

Frontal  Si'nuses,  Fronta'les  Siniis,  Meto- 
pan'tra,  Prosopan'tra,  Stmts  Supercilia'res,  S. 
pituita' rii  frontis.  Cavern' m  frontis,  are  two  deep 
cavities  in  the  substance  of  the  frontal  bone, 
separated  from  each  other  by  a  medium  septum, 
and  opening,  below,  into  the  anterior  cells  of  the 
ethmoid  bone. 

Frontal  Spine,  Crista  inter'na,  is  situate  in 
the  middle  of  the  under  part  of  the  bone,  and  is 
formed  by  the  coalescence  of  the  inner  tables  for 
the  attachment  of  the  falx  cerebri. 


Surgeons  have  given  the  name  Fronta'lis  to 
a  bandage  or  topical  application  to  the  forehead. 
Such  have,  also,  been  called  TpofitT(/}iTi6ia  and 
avanoWtjiJiaTa. 

Frontal  Tuberosity,  Frontal  f)rotuberanee. 

FRONTA'LE,  from  frons,  'the  forehead.'  A 
medicine  applied  to  the  forehead. 

FRONTALIS  ET  OCCIPITALIS,  Occipito- 
frontalis. 

Frontalis  Vertjs,  Corrugator  superciliL 

FRONTODYMIA,  see  Cephalodyraia. 

FRONTO- ETHMOID  FORAMEN,  Ca;eum 
foramen  — /.  Nasal,  Pyramidalis  nasi  — /.  So-ur- 
cilier,  Corrugator  supercilii. 

FROSTBITE,  Congelation. 

FROSTWEED,  Erigeron  Philadelphicum,  He- 
lianthemum  Canadense. 

FROSTWORT,  Helianthemum  Canadense. 

FROTH'Y,  from  Gr.  a<ppoi,  'froth.'  (?)  <S>jr(- 
mo'sus,  (F.)  Spumeux,  Eeumeux,  Moitsseux.  Au 
epithet  given  to  the  faeces  or  sputa,  when  mixed 
with  air. 

FR0TTE3IENT,  see  Bruit  de  frottement. 

FROTTEMENT  GLOBULAIRE.  A  name 
given  by  M.  Simonnet,  to  the  pulse  in  aortic  re- 
gurgitation, when  it  is  jerking,  and,  in  well 
marked  cases,  appears  as  if  the  blood  consisted 
of  several  little  masses,  which  passed  in  succes- 
sion under  the  finger  applied  to  the  artery. 

FRUCTIFICATIO,  Fecundation. 

FRUCTUS  HOR^I,  Fruit,  (summer)— f.  Im- 
maturus,  Abortion. 

FRUGIV'OROUS,  Frugiv'orus,  from  fruges, 
'fruits,'  and  voro,  'I  eat.'     One  that  eats  fruits. 

FRUIT,  FructHs,  from  frui,  'to  enjoy.'  Corpos. 
In  botany,  the  seed  with  its  enclosing  pericarp. 
In  a  medical  sense  it  may  be  defined  to  be : — 
that  part  of  a  plant  which  is  taken  as  food.  The 
effects  of  fruits  on  the  body,  in  a  medical  as  well 
as  a  dietetical  point  of  view,  are  varioiis.  They 
may  be  distinguished  into  classes  :  for,  whilst  the 
Cerealia,  for  example,  afford  fruits,  which  are 
highly  nutritious,  the  Summer  Fruits  (Frvctus 
Horas'i,)  which  include  strawberries,  cherries, 
currants,  mulberries,  raspberries,  figs,  grapes,  Ac., 
are  refrigerant  and  grateful,  but  afford  little  nou 
rishment. 

FRUIT-SUGAR,  Glucose. 

FRUMENT,  Fru'menty,  Fur'menty,  from  frit.- 
mentum,  '  wheat'  or  '  grain,'  quasi  frxigimentum  ; 
from  fruges,  '  fruit,'  Pottage  made  of  wheat. 
Food  made  of  wheat  boiled  in  milk. 

FRUMEN'TUM.  Same  etymon.  Sltos.  Any 
kind  of  grain  from  which  bread  was  made; — 
especially  wheat. 

Frumentum,  Triticum — f,  Corniculatum,  Ergot 
— f.  Cornutum,  Ergot  —  f,  Luxurians,  Ergot  —  f. 
Temulentum,  Ergot — f,  Turgidum,  Ergot, 

FRUSTRATOIBE,  (F,)  Any  liquor,  taken 
a  short  time  after  eating,  for  the  purpose  of  as- 
sisting digestion  when  diflBcult.  Sugared  water. 
eau  sucree,  or  water  with  the  addition  of  a  little 
brandy,  or  some  aromatic  substance,  is  commonly 
used  for  this  purpose. 

FRUTEX  BACCIFER  BRAZILIENSIS,  Caa- 
ghivuyo — f.  Indicus  spinosus,  Cara  schullL 

FUCUS,  F.  vesiculosus.  Paint. 

Fucus  Amyla'ceus,  Jaffna  Moss,  Ed'ible  Monx, 
Ceylon  Moss,  Ploca'ria  can'dida,  Gracila'ria  li 
cheno'i'des,  SphcBrococ'cus  lichenoV des,  Gigarti'na 
lichenoV des,  Fucus  lichenoi'des.  Marine  Moss. 
This  moss  belongs  to  the  natural  order  Algae.  It 
was  introduced  some  years  ago  into  England, 
from  India.  It  is  white,  filiform  and  fibrous,  and 
has  the  usual  odour  of  sea-weeds.  Its  medical 
properties  are  similar  to  those  of  Irish  moss. 

Fucus,  Bladder,  F.  vesiculosus. 

Fucus  Crispus,  Lichen  Carrageen,  Chondrus, 


puaA 


392 


FUNCTION 


CJi.  cnspus,  SpTicBrococ'eus  crispus,  Ulva  crispa, 
Ohondrus  polymor'phvs,  Irish  mosn,  Carrageen  or 
Corrir/een  moss,  (F.)  Mousse  d'Irlande,  M.  j)erlee. 
This  Fucus,  of  the  Natural  Family  AlycB,  is  found 
on  the  coasts  of  England.  Ireland,  Western  France, 
Spain,  and  Portugal,  and  as  far  as  the  tropics. 
Ii  is  also  a  native  of  the  United  States.  In  Ire- 
land, it  is  used  by  the  poor  as  an  article  of  diet. 
As  met  Trith  in  America,  it  is  of  a  light  yellow 
colour,  and  resembles  plates  of  horn,  crisped  and 
translucent.  An  agreeable  jelly  is  obtained  from 
it  by  boiling  it  in  water  or  milk,  which  forms  a 
good  article  of  diet  in  consumptive  cases.  Its 
])roperties  are  indeed  exactly  like  those  of  the 
Iceland  Moss. 

Fuctjs  Helminthocortox,  Corallina  Corsica- 
na  —  f.  Inflat-us,  F.  vesiculosus  —  f.  Lichenoides, 
F.  amylaceus  —  f.  Saccharine,  Rhodomela  pal- 
mata. 

Fucus  Vesiculo'sus,  F.  injlu'tus,  Hal'idryg 
vesicido' sa,  Quercus  Mari'no.,  Fucus,  Bladder  Fu- 
ens,  Sea  Oah,  Sea  Wrack,  Yellow  Bladder  Wrack, 
(F.)  Varec  vesicxdeux,  OMne  marin.  It  has  been 
said  to  be  a  useful  assistant  to  sea-water,  in  the 
cure  of  disorders  of  the  glands.  When  the  wrack, 
in  fruit,  is  dried,  cleaned,  exposed  to  a  red-heat 
in  a  crucible  with  a  perforated  lid,  and  is  reduced 
to  powder,  it  forms  the  ^'thiops  vegetab'ilis — 
the  Pidvis  Quercus  Mari'ncB  of  the  Dublin  Phar- 
macopoeia— which  is  used,  like  the  burnt  sponge, 
in  bronchocele  and  other  scrofulous  swellings. 
Its  efficacy  depends  on  the  iodine  it  contains. 
Dose,  gr.  x  to  ^ijj  mixed  in  molasses  or  honey. 
See  Soda. 

FUGA  D^MONUM,  Hypericum  perforatum. 

FUGA'CIOUS,  Fugax,  irom  fug  ere,  'to  fly.' 
An  epithet  given  to  certain  symptoms,  which 
appear  and  disappear  almost  immediately  after- 
wards ;  as  &  fugacious  redness, — &  fugacious  swel- 
ling. Tumor  fugax,  &c. 

FUGAX,  Fugacious. 

FUGE,  from. fugo,  'I  expel,'  'an  expeller.'  A 
common  sujffis.  Hence,  Febrifuge,  Vermifuge,  &,c. 

FU'GILE,  Fugil'la.  This  term  has"  several 
acceptations.  It  means,  1.  The  cerumen  of  the 
ear.  2.  The  nebulous  suspension  in,  or  deposi- 
tion from,  the  urine.  3.  An  abscess  near  the 
ear. — Euland  and  Johnson.  4.  Abscess  in  general. 

FUGILLA,  Fugile. 

FULGUR,  Astrape. 

FULIG"INOUS,  Fuligino'sus,  Lignyo'des,  (F.) 
Fuligineuz,  from  fuligo,  '  soot.'  Having  the  co- 
lour of  soot.  An  epithet  given  to  certain  parts, 
as  the  lips,  teeth,  or  tongue,  when  they  assume  a 
brownish  colour,  or  rather,  are  covered  with  a 
coat  of  that  colour. 

FULI'GO,  Lignys,  Soot,  (F.)  Suie,  <te.  Wood- 
soot,  Fuligo  Ligni,  consists  of  volatile  alkaline 
salt,  empyreumatic  oil,  fixed  alkali,  &c.  A  tinc- 
ture, Tinctu'ra  Fulig"inis,  prepared  from  it,  has 
been  recommended  as  a  powerful  antispasmodic 
in  hysterical  cases.  {Fulig.  h'gn.  ^ij;  potass, 
iuhearb.  Ibss  ;  ammon.  muriat.  5j  ;  aqucB  Jiuviat. 
Oiij.  Digest  for  three  days.)  This  tincture  bears 
the  name  Soot  drops  and  Fit  drojys.  An  oint- 
ment of  soot  has  been  used  in  various  cutaneous 
diseases. 

Fuligo  Alba  Philosophorum,  Ammonise  mu- 
rias. 

FULIGO'KALI,  from  fnh'gn,  'soot,'  and  Jcali, 
'potassa.'  This  is  an  analogous  preparation  to 
anthrakokali ;  soot  being  used  in  the  place  of 
f  jal.  It  is  employed  in  the  same  diseases.  AVhat 
might  be  regarded  as  a  weak  solution  of  fuligo- 
iiali  has  been  used  for  many  years  in  Philadel- 
]>hia,  iii'.der  the  names  medical  lye,  soot  tea,  alka- 
line solution,  and  dijupfpttc  lye. 

FULLERS'  EARTH,  Cimolia  purpurescens. 


FULMEN,  Astrape. 

FVLMIGOTON,  see  Collodion. 

FULNESS,  lieple'tio,  Plen'itude,  Pletlo'ia, 
Iteple'tion.  The  state  of  being  filled.  Also,  iv 
feeling  of  weight  or  distention  in  the  stomach  or 
other  part  of  the  system. 

FUMA'RIA,  Fnma'ria.  officina'lis  sen  media, 
FumuH  terra,  Capnos,  Herba  rnelancholSf'vga, 
Fu'mitory,  Common  Fu'mitory,  Fu'initer'ra,  So- 
la'men  Scabioso'rttm,  (F.)  Fnmeterre.  The  leaves 
are  extremely  succulent,  and  have  a  bitter,  some- 
what saline,  taste.  The  infusion  of  the  dried 
leaves  and  the  expressed  juice  of  the  fresh  plant 
have  been  extolled  for  their  property  of  clearing 
the  skin  of  many  disorders  of  the  leprous  kind. 

Fuma'ria  Bulbo'sa,  F.  cava  sen  major,  Borck- 
hausen'iacava,  CapnoVdes  cava,  Aristolochi'a  fa- 
ba'cea  seu  cava  seu  vulga'ris  rotun'da,  Coryd'alis 
bulbo'ea  seu  cava  sen  tutero'sa,  Capnor'chia.  The 
root  of  this  plantwas  formerly  given  as  anemmena- 
gogue  and  anthelmintic.  {¥.)  Fumeterre  bulbeuse. 

FuMARiA  Cava,  F.  bulbosa — f.  Major,  F.  bul- 
bosa — f.  Media,  Fumaria — f.  Officinalis,  Fumaria. 

FUMETERRE,  Fumaria. 

FUMIGATIO,  Fumigation  —  f.  Antiloimica 
Gaubii,  see  Disinfection  —  f.  Guytoniensis,  see 
Disinfection — f.  Smythiana,  see  Disinfection. 

FUMIGA'TION,  Fumiga'tio,  from  fumus, 
'smoke.'  Suffi'tus,  Suffit"io,  Suffumina'tio,  Svf- 
fumig"ium,  Suffimen'tum,  Apocapnis'mus,  TTiymi- 
a'ma,  EpitJiymia' ma,  Hypothymia'ma,  Hyjiotliy- 
mia'sis,  Thymiu'sia,  Oapnis'mos,  Hypocapmis'mos, 
Hypat'mus,  Hypatmis'mus,  Anathymia'sis.  An 
operation,  the  object  of  which  is  to  fill  a  circum- 
scribed space  with  gas  or  vapour ;  with  the  in- 
tention either  of  purifying  the  air,  of  perfuming 
it,  or  of  charging  it  with  a  substance  proper  for 
acting  upon  a  part  of  the  surface  of  the  human 
body.  Hence,  fumigations  have  been  distin- 
guished into  aqueous,  aromatic,  sulphureous,  mer- 
curial, disinfecting,  Guytonian,  kc.  Benzoin  ge- 
nerally constitutes  the  chief  ingredient  in  the 
Fumigating  Pastilles,  to  which  any  variety  of 
odoriferous  substances  may  be  added.  The  fol- 
lowing is  one  formula : 

Be.  Benzoin,  ^i;  cascarillw,  5^^'  '"y ''^'  9j  > 
ol.  myrist.,  ol.  caryoph.  aa  gtt.  x ;  potassm  nitrat. 
^ss  ;  carbon,  lign.  gvj  ;  mucil.  trag.  q.  s. 

Fumigation',  Chlorine,  see  Disinfection  —  f. 
Nitrous,  see  Disinfection  —  f.  Oxymuriatic,  see 
Disinfection. 

FUMITERRA,  Fumaria. 

FUMITORY,  Fumaria. 

FUMUS  ALDUS,  Hydrargyrum— f.  Citrimis, 
Sulphur — f.  Terras,  Fumaria. 

FUNAMBULA'TIO,  irom  funis,  'a  cord,'  and 
ambulare,  '  to  walk.'  An  exercise  with  the  an- 
cients, which  consisted  in  scaling  ropes. 

FUNCTION,  Func'tio,  Ac'tio,  (F.)  Fonction; 
from  fungor,  'I  act,'  'perform.'  The  action  of 
an  organ  or  system  of  organs.  Any  act,  neces- 
sary for  accomplishing  a  vital  phenomenon.  A 
function  is  a  special  office  in  the  animal  economy, 
which  has  as  its  instrument,  an  organ  or  appara- 
tus of  organs.  Thus,  respiration  is  a  function. 
Its  object  is  the  conversion  of  venous  into  arte- 
rial blood,  and  its  instrument  is  the  lungs.  The 
ancient  physiologists  dividi'd  the  functions  into 
vital,  animal,  and  natural.  They  called  vitalfnic- 
tions  those  which  are  essential  to  life,  as  innerva- 
tion, circulation,  respiration  ;  animal  functions, 
those  which  belong  to  the  encephalon;  viz.:  the 
functions  of  theintelleet,  the  affections  of  the  mind, 
and  the  voluntary  motions ;  and  natural  func- 
tions, Faculta'tes  seu  Actio'nes  natura'les,  those 
relating  to  assimilation,  such  as  the  actions  of  the 
abdominal  viscera,  of  the  absorbent  and  exhalant 
vessels,  &c.     Eichat  divided  the  functions  into 


FUNCTIONAL  DISEASES 


393 


FURIA  INFERNALIS 


those  whicli  relate  to  the  preservation  of  the  in- 
dividual, and  those  that  relate  to  the  preservation 
of  the  species.  The  former  he  subdivided  into 
animal  and  organic.  The  animal  functions  or 
functions  of  relation  are  those  of  the  intellect, 
sensation,  locomotion,  and  voice.  The  organic 
functions  include  digestion,  absorption,  respira- 
tion, circulation,  secretion,  nutrition,  and  calori- 
fication. The/u7!cfi'o)is,  whose  object  is  the  pre- 
servation of  the  species — the  organic,  nutritive,  or 
vegetative  functions — are  all  those  that  relate  to 
generation  ;  —  such  as  conception,  gestation,  ac- 
couchement, &c.  Each  of  these  admits  of  nu- 
merous subdivisions  in  a  complete  course  of 
Physiology  ; — for  SO  the  doctrine  of  the  functions 
is  called. 

FUNCTIONAL  DISEASES,  see  Organic  Dis- 
efoses. 

EUNDA,  S-phen'done,  (^F.)  Fronde.  A  band- 
age, composed  of  a  fillet  or  long  compress,  cleft 
at  its  extremities  to  within  about  two  inches  of 
its  middle.  It  is  used  in  diseases  of  the  nose  and 
chin,  and  especially  in  cases  of  fracture  of  the 
lower  jaw.  In  such  case  it  has,  also,  been  called 
Mentonniere,  because  placed  beneath  the  chin ; 
from  (¥.)  JJetiton,  'the  chin.' 

FUNDAMENT,  Anus— f.  Falling  down  of  the, 
Proctocele. 

FUNDAMEN'TAL,  from  fundare,  'to  lie 
deeply.'  Some  anatomists  have  called  the  sa- 
crum Os  Fundamenta'le,  because  it  seems  to  serve 
as  a  base  to  the  vertebral  column.  The  sphenoid 
hone  has  likewise  been  so  denominated,  from  its 
Tjeing  situate  at  the  base  of  the  cranium. 

FUNDUS,  (F.)  Fond.  The  base  of  any  organ 
which  ends  in  a  neck,  or  has  an  external  aper- 
ture ;  as  the  Fundus  vesicae,  F.  uteri,  &c.  Also, 
the  Vulva. 

Fundus  Vagina,  Laquear  vaginse. 

FUNES  CORDIS,  Columnse  carneee— f.  Semi- 
circulares.  Semicircular  canals. 

FUNGIFORM  PAPILLiE,  see  Papillae  of  the 
Tongue. 

FUN'GOID,  FungoVdes,  Myco'des,  Fungifor'- 
mis,  Fun'giform,  (¥.)Fongoide,  Fongiforme,  {rom 
fungus,  '  a  mushroom,'  and  u6os,  '  resemblance.' 
That  which  has  the  shape  of,  or  grows  in  some 
measure  like  a  mushroom,  as  the  fungoid  or  fun- 
giform papilla;  or  the  tongue. 

Fungoid  Disease,  Encephaloid. 

FUNGOS'ITY,  Fungos'itas,  Caro  luxu'rians, 
G.  fungo'sa,  Ecsarco'ma,  Proud  Flesh,  Hypsersar- 
co'ma,  Hypsersarco' sis,  (F.)  Fongosite.  The  qua- 
lity of  that  which  is  fungous: — fungous  excres- 
cence, Excrescen'tia  fungo'sa.  The  fungosities 
which  arise  in  wounds  or  ulcers  are  easily  re- 
pressed by  gentle  compression,  dry  lint,  the  sul- 
phas cupri,  or  other  gentle  caustics.  At  times, 
the  more  powerful  are  necessary,  and  sometimes 
excision  is  required. 

FUNGUS,  Myces,  (F.)  Fongus,  Champignon. 
The  mushroom  order  of  plants ;  class  Cryptoga- 
mia,  in  the  Linnasan  system.  In  Pathology,  the 
word  is  commonly  used  synonymously  with  fun- 
gosity,  myco'sis.  M.  Breschet  has  proposed  to 
restrict  the  term  fungosity  to  vegetations  which 
arise  on  denuded  surfaces,  and  to  apply  the  term 
fungus  to  the  tumours  which  form  in  the  sub- 
stiince  of  the  textures,  without  any  external  ulce- 
ration. Fiei  and  warts,  for  example,  would  be 
fungi  of  the  skin. 

Fungus  Albus  Saligneus,  Daedalea  suaveo- 
lens — f.  Articuli,  Spina  ventosa — f.  Bleeding,  Hae- 
matodes  fungus  —  f.  Cancrosus  hsematodes,  Hse- 
matodes  F.— f.  Cancrosus  medullaris,  see  Ence- 
phaloid— f.  Cerebralis,  see  Encephaloid — f.  Cere- 
bri, Encephalocele — f.  Chirurgorum,  Lycoperdon 
— ^tCynosbati,  Bedeguar — f.  Hasmatodes,  Hasma- 


todes  fungus — f.  Igniarius,  Boletus  igniarius — f. 
Laricis,  Boletus  laricis — f.  of  Malta,  Cynomorion 
cocciueum — f.  Medullaris,  see  Encephaloid — f. 
Melanodes,  Melanosis — f.  Melitensis,  Cynomorion 
coccineum — f.  Petrteus  marinus.  Umbilicus  mari- 
nus — f.  Quercinus,  Boletus  igniarius — f.  Rosarum, 
Bedeguar  —  f.  Salicis,  Dasdalea  suaveolens  —  f. 
Sambucinus,  Peziza  auricula. 

FUNIC  BELLOWS'  SOUND,  see  Bellows' 
Sound,  funic. 

FUNICULI  GRAC'ILES,  Poste'rior  ITe'dian 
Columns  or  Fascic'idi  of  the  medul'la  oblonga'ia. 
Along  the  posterior  border  of  each  corpus  resti- 
forme,  and  separated  from  it  by  a  groove,  is  a 
narrow  white  cord,  separated  from  its  fellow  by 
the  fissura  longitudinalis  posterior.  The  pair  of 
cords  are  the  funiculi  graciles.  Each  funiculus 
forms  an  enlargement — processus  clavatus — at  its 
upper  end,  and  is  then  lost  in  the  corpus  resti- 
forme. 

FuNic'uLi  Sil'iqu^.  Longitudinal  fibres  seen 
in  the  groove  which  separates  the  corpus  olivare 
from  the  corpus  pyramidale  and  corpus  restiforme. 
They  enclose  the  base  of  the  corpus  olivare, — those 
which  lie  on  its  inner  side  forming  the  funic' ulus 
inter'nus  ;  and  those  on  its  outer  side  the  funicu- 
lus externus. 

FUNICULUS,  Cord— f.  Externus,  see  Funiculi 
siliquee  —  f.  Internus,  see  Funiculi  siliquaj  —  f. 
Spermaticus,  Spermatic  cord — f.  Tympani,  Chorda 
tympani. 

FuNic'uLUS  UjibilicAlis,  Funis  umMlica'lis, 
Intestin' ulum,  Vin'culum  umhilica'le,  Umbilical 
cord,  Navel  string,  diminutive  of  Funis,  'a  cord.' 
(F.)  Cordon  omhilicale.  A  cord-like  substance, 
which  extends  from  the  placenta  to  the  umbilicus 
of  the  foetus.  It  is  composed  of  the  chorion,  am- 
nion, an  albuminous  secretion  called  the  Jelly  of 
the  Cord,  cellular  substance,  an  umbilical  vein, 
and  two  umbilical  arteries.  The  former  conveys 
the  blood  from  the  placenta  to  the  foetus  —  the 
latter  return  it.  All  these  parts  are  surrounded 
by  a  sheath  —  Investitu'ra  seu  Vagi' na  funic' vli 
umbilica'lis.  Its  usual  length  is  from  16  to  22 
inches. 

Funiculus  Varicosus,  Cirsocele. 

FUNIS,  Cord,  Laqueus — f  Argenteus,  Medulla 
spinalis — f.  Hippocratis,  Achillis  tendo — f.  Umbi- 
liealis.  Funiculus  umbilicalis. 

FUNNEL,  see  Infundibulum, 

FUR,  Endnit. 

FURCELLA,  Fnr'cula;  diminutive  of  furca, 
'a  fork.'  The  upper  part  of  the  sternum,  the 
clavicle.     The  Fourchette. 

FuRCELLA  Inferior,  Xiphoid  cartilage. 

FURCHMUHL,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
These  Bavarian  springs  contain  carbonic  acid, 
sulphuretted  hydrogen,  carbonates  of  lime  and 
soda;  chlorides  of  lime  and  magnesium,  oxides 
of  iron  and  magnesium,  &c. 

FURCILLA,  Fourchette. 

PURCULA,  Furcella,  Clavicle,  Fourchette. 

FUR  EUR   UTERINE,  Nymphomania. 

FURFUR,  Bran,  Pit'yron,  Ach' yron,  Apobras' - 
ma,  Lemma,  Cantahru'no,  (F.)  Son.  The  decoc- 
tion is  sometimes  employed  as  an  emollient. 

PURPURA,  Scarf. 

FURFURA'CEOUS,  hora.  furfur,  'bran.' 
Scurfy,  Canica'ceous,  Pithy ri'nus,  Pityroides,  Pi- 
tyro'des.  Resembling  bran.  A  name  given  to 
eruptions,  in  which  the  epidermis  is  detached  in 
small  scales  resembling  bran.  Also,  a  bran-liko 
sediment  observed  at  times  in  the  urine; — Urin.a 
furfura'cea,  Sedimen'tum  Uri'ncB  pityroides. 

FURFURATIO,  Porrigo,  Pityria«s. 

FURFURISCA,  PLtyriasis. 

FU'RIA  INFERNA'LIS.  A  kind  of  vermi- 
form insect,  scarcely  two  lines  long,  common  is 


PURIBUNDUS 


394 


GALACTOPHAGOUS 


Sweden,  whicli  flies  about  and  stings  both  man 
and  animals,  exciting  the  most  excruciating 
torture. 

FURIBUNDUS,  Maniodes. 

FURIOSUS,  Maniodes. 

FURIOUS,  Maniodes. 

FURMENTY,  Frument. 

FURNAS,  MINERAL  "WATERS  OF.  A 
thermal  chalybeate  water  in  St.  Michael's,  Azores, 
•vrhieh  contains  carbonic  acid,  and  carbonate  of 
iron. 

FURONCLE,  Purunculus. 

FURONGLE  GUEPIER.  A  malignant  boil, 
Wasjj's  neat  boil,  which  generally  attacks  the 
nape  and  region  of  the  neck,  and  rarely  others 
than  old  people.  Hence  it  has  been  called  Old 
People's  boil. 

FUROR,  Mania— f.  Brevis,  Rage— f.  Mania, 
Mania — f.  Uterinus,  Nymphomania. 

FURROW,  MENTO-LABIAL,  see  Mento- 
labial  furrow. 

FURUNCULI  ATONICI,  Ecthyma— f.  Ven- 
triculus,  see  Furunculus. 

FURUN'CULUS,  from  furiare,  'to  make  mad.' 
CM'adiis,  Chi'oli,  Doth'ien,  Dothion,  Furun' cidtw 
»iippurato'rrua,  F.  Verus,  F.  benig'nus,  Phyma  fu- 
ruii' cuius,  Absees'sus  nuclea'tus,  a  furuncle,  a 
hoil,  a  bile.  (F.)  Furonele,  Froncle,  Clou.  A  small 
phlegmon,  which  appears  under  the  form  of  a 
eonical,  hard,  circumscribed  tumour,  Iiaving  its 
seat  in  the  dermoid  texture.  At  the  end  of  an 
uncertain  period,  it  becomes  pointed,  white  or 


yellow,  and  gives  exit  to  pus  mixed  with  blood. 
When  it  breaks,  a  small,  grayish,  fibrous  masa 
sometimes  appears,  which  consists  of  dead  areo- 
lar tissue.  'Xhis  is  called  the  Core,  Setfast,  Ven- 
trie'ulus  seu  Nucleus  Furwi'cidi,  (P.)  BourhiUon, 
The  abscess  does  not  heal  until  after  its  separa- 
tion. The  indications  of  treatment  are, — to  dis- 
cuss by  the  ■  application  of  leeches  and  warm 
fomentations  ; — or,  if  this  cannot  be  done,  to  en- 
courage suppuration  by  warm,  emollient  cata- 
plasms. When  suppuration  is  entirelj'  established, 
the  part  may  be  opened  or  sufi'ered  to  break,  ac- 
cording to  circumstances. 

Furunculus  Gangk^nosus,  Anthrax — f.  Ma- 
lignus.  Anthrax. 

FUSEE  PURULENTE,  (F.)  The  long  and 
sinuous  route  which  pus  takes,  in  certain  cases, 
in  making  its  way  to  the  surface.  These  Fusees 
almost  always  form  beneath  the  skin  between  the 
muscles;  or  along  aponeuroses,  bones,  tendons, 
&c. 

FUSEL  OIL,  see  Oil,  fusel. 

FUSIBLE,  see  Fusion. 

FUSIBILITY,  see  Fusion. 

FUSION,  Fu'sio,  Melting,  Liquefaction ;  from 
fundere,  fusimi,  '  to  melt.'  In  chymistry,  the 
transition  of  a  solid  body  into  a  liquid  by  the  aid 
of  heat.  Substances  capable  of  such  transition 
are  said  to  he  fusible  ;  or  to  be  possessed  ai  fusi- 
bility. 

FUSTIC  TREE,  Cladastris  tinctoria. 

FUTUTOR,  Tribade. 


G. 


The  Greek  G,  r,  with  the  ancient  Greek  phy- 
sicians, signified  an  ounce. — Rhod.  ad  Scribonium. 

GAB  ALL  A,  Cabal. 

GABELLA,  Mesophryon. 

GABIR'EA,  yajStpea.  A  fatty  kind  of  myrrh, 
mentioned  by  Dioscorides. 

G^OPHAGIA,  Geophagism. 

G-SIOPH'AGUS,  from  yaia,  'earth,'  and  ^ayu, 
*  I  eat.'     One  who  eats  earth. 

GAGEL,  Myrica  gale. 

GAGUE  SANG,  Caque-sang. 

GAHET,  Cagot. 

GAIAC,  Guaiacum. 

GAILLET  ACCROCSANT,  Galium  aparine 
- — g.  Crochant,  Galium  aparine — g.  Jaune,  Galium 
verum — g.  Vrai,  Galium  verum. 

GAINE,  Vagina  or  sheath — g.  de  V Apophyse 
stylo'ide,  Vaginal  process  of  the  temporal  bone — 
y.  de  la  veine  parte,  Vagina  or  sheath  of  the  vena 
l)orta. 

GALA,  yala,  genitive  ya\aKToi,  milk ;  hence : 

GALACTACRA'SIA,  from  ya\a,  'milk,'  and 
aKfa<Tia,  '  imperfect  mixture.'  A  morbid  mixture 
or  constitution  of  the  milk. 

GALACTACRATIA,  Galactia. 

GALACTjE'MIA,  from  ya\a,  ya\aKTo;,  'milk,' 
iind  'aiixa,  '  blood.'  A  condition  of  the  blood  in 
which  it  contains  milk. 

GALACTAGOGA,  Galaetopoietica 

G  ALACTAPOSTEMA,  Mastodynia  apostema- 
tosa. 

GALACTIA,  GalactirrJi.ae'a,  Galactorrhoe'a, 
irom  ya\a,  'milll.'  Lactis  redundan'tia,  Polyga- 
lac'tia,  Galactoze'mia.  A  redundant  flow  of  milk, 
either  in  a  female  who  is  suckling,  or  in  one  who 
is  liuu.  It  may  occur  without  being  provoked  by 
gackling.  When  to  a  great  extent,  it  sometimes 
eaases  wasting ;  Tabes  lac' tea,  T.  nutri'cum.  _  Dr. 


Good  uses  Galac'tia,  in  his  Nosology,  for  '  morbid 
flow  or  deficiency  of  milk,'  Galactacrati' a. 

GALACTICUS,  Lactic. 

GALAGTIFER,  Galactophorous. 

GALACTINE,  Casein. 

GALACTINUS,  Lactic. 

GALACTIRRHCEA,  Galactia. 

GALACTIS,  Galaxias. 

GALACTIS'CHESIS,  Galactos'cJiesis,  Lactis 
reten'tio,  from  ya'Xa,  '  milk,'  and  lax^iv,  '  to  re- 
strain.'    Retention  or  suppression  of  milk. 

GALACTITES,  Galaxias. 

GALACTO  CATARACT  A,  Cataract,  milky. 

GALACTO'DES,  from  ya\a,  'milk,'  and  uSos, 
'resemblance.'  In  Hippocrates,  the  term  signifies 
milkwarm,  and  likewise  a  milky  colour,  as  of  the 
urine — uri'na  galacto'des. 

GALACTODI^'TA,  Dia'ta  lac'tea,  from  ya\a, 
'milk,'  and  Siaira,  'diet.'     A  milk  diet. 

GALACTODIARRHCEA,  Coeliac  Flux. 

GALACTOGANGLION,  Milk  knot. 

GALACTOH^'MIA,  Gal<icthcB'mia,from  yaXa, 
'milk,'  and  'aijia,  'blood:'  Lactis  sanguinolen'ti 
Excre'tio.  The  secretion  of  bloody  or  bloodlike 
milk. 

GALACTOMASTOPARECTOMA,  Mastody- 
nia apostematosa. 

GALACTOM'ETER,  Lactom'eter,  from  yala, 
'  milk,'  and  jitrpov,  '  measure.'  An  instrument 
for  appreciating  the  quantity  of  cream  in  milk. 
It  is  a  kind  of  graduated  separatory  or  <prortvett« 
— the  degrees  on  the  scale  indicating  the  thick- 
ness of  the  layer  of  cream  that  foi-ms  on  the  sur- 
face of  the  milk. 

GALACTON'CUS,  Tumor  lac'teus,  from  ya\a, 
'milk,'  and  oyxos,  'a  swelling.'     A  milk  tumour. 

GALACTOPH'AGOUS,  Galactoph'agvs,  Lac 
tiv'orus,   sometimes    used    substantively ;    from 


GALACTOPHORA 


395 


GALEOPSIS 


Ya\a,    '  milk,'   and   (payn),   '  I  eat.'     That  whicli  1 
feeds  on  milk.     A  name  given  to  certain  people, 
with  whom  milk  appears  to  constitute  the  chief 
nourishment. 

GALACTOPHORA,  Galactopoietica. 

GALACTOPH'OROUS,  Galac'ti/er,  Lae'tifer, 
Lactiferous,  from  ya\a,  '  milk,'  and  ipcpio,  '  I 
carry.'     That  which  carries  milk. 

Galactoph'orous  or  Lactif'erous  Ducts, 
are  those  which  convey  the  milk,  secreted  by  the 
mammary  gland,  towards  the  nipple,  where  their 
external  orifices  are  situate.  The  Lacteals  have 
also  been  so  called. 

GALACTOPH'ORUS.  Some  accoucheurs  have 
given  this  name  to  an  instrument  intended  to  fa- 
cilitate sucking,  when  the  faulty  conformation  of 
the  nipple  prevents  the  child  from  laying  hold 
of  it. 

GALACTOPH'YGUS,  from  ya\a,  '  milk,'  and 
(ptvyuv,  'to  shun.'  That  which  arrests  or  disperses 
the  secretion  of  milk.  Hence  Galactopli'yga  3Ie- 
dicamen'  ta. 

GALACTOPLA'NIA,  Metas'tasis  seu  Aherra'- 
tio  seu  VicB  extraorduia' rim  lactis,  Galactorrhce' a 
erro'itea,  from  ya\a,  *  milk,'  and  t-Xoit/,  '  wander- 
ing.' Extravasation  of  milk  into  the  areolar 
membrane.  Secretion  of  milk  elsewhere  than 
from  the  breasts. 

GALACTOPLERO'SIS,  from  ya\a,  'milk,'  and 
vXrjpwaig,  'repletion.'     Redundance  of  milk. 

GALACTOPOEA,  Galactopoietica. 

GALACTOPOESIS,  Galactosis. 

GALACTOPOIESIS,  Galactosis. 

GALACTOPOIET'ICA,  Galactoph'ora,  Galac- 
tago'ga,  Galactojooe' a,  trovn  ya\a,  'milk,'  and  ttoiew, 
'  I  make.'  Substances,  to  which  has  been  attri- 
buted the  property  of  favouring  the  secretion  of 
milk  and  augmenting  its  quantity. 

GALACTOPO'SIA,  from  yaXa,  'milk,'  and 
irotrij,  '  drink.'  The  drinking  of  milk.  Treat- 
ment of  a  disease  by  means  of  milk. 

GALACTOP'OTES,  Galactop'otus,  Lacti'^^otor. 
Same  etymon.  A  drinker  of  milk.  Oue  sub- 
jected to  a  milk  diet. 

GALACTOPYRA,  Fever,  milk. 

GALACTOPYRETUS,  Fever,  milk. 

GALACTORRHCEA,  Galactia  — g.  Erronea, 
Galactoplania  —  g.  Saccharata,  Saccharorrhoea 
lactea. 

GALACTOSACCHARUM,  Saccharum  lactis. 

GALACTOSCHESIS,  Galaetischesis. 

GALACTO'SIS,  Gdlaciopoie'sis,  Galactopoe'- 
818,  Secre'tio  lactis,  from  yaXaKroftai,  '  I  am 
changed  into  milk.'  The  secretion  or  formation 
of  milk. 

GALACTOT'ROPHE,  Galactotroph'ia,  from 
yaXa,  'milk,'  and  Tpo<pri,  'nourishment.'  Nou- 
rishment by  means  of  milk. 

GALACTOZE'MTA,  from  ya\a,  'milk,'  and 
^rijiia,  '  loss.'     Loss  of  milk.     Also,  Galactia. 

GALACTU'CHOS,  from  yaU,  'milk/  and 
e')(ttv,  '  to  have.'     Suckling.     Giving  milk. 

GALACTURIA,  Chyluria. 

GALANGA,  Mai-anta  galanga. 

GALANGAL,  Maranta  galanga. 

GALANGALE,  Cyperus  longus. 

GALARHCEUS  LATHYRIS,  Euphorbia  la- 
thyris — g.  Palustris,  Euphorbia  palustris. 

GALARIPS,  Allamanda. 

GALAXIA,  Thoracic  duct. 

GALAX'IAS,  Galacti'tes,  Galac'tis.  A  milk 
stone.  A  stone  supposed  to  be  capable  of  pro- 
moting the  secretion  of  milk. 

GALBANUM,  see  Bubon  galbanum — g.  Long- 
leaved,  Bubon  galbanum. 

GAL'BULUS,  from  galhus,  'yellow.'    A  kind 


of  congenital  jaundice,  in  which  the  yellow  colour 
continues  through  life.  It  is  rather  a  defect  in 
colour  than  a  disease. — Vogel. 

GALE,  Myrica  gale — g.  Odorant,  Myrica  galo 
— g.  Sweet,  Myrica  gale.  ^ 

GALE,  Psora — g.  Canine,  Psoriasis — -g.  Epi- 
demique,  Eczema  —  g.  Ililiaire,  Psoriasis  —  g. 
Seche,  Lichen,  Psoriasis. 

GA'LEA.  A  helmet,  from  yaXr;,  'a  cat;'  of 
the  skin  of  which  it  was  formerlj'  made.  A  namo 
given  to  the  amnios,  and,  also,  to  the  bandage  o/ 
Galen.  In  Pathology,  it  indicates  a  headach 
affecting  the  whole  head.     See,  also,  Caul. 

Galea  Aponeurot'ica  Cap'itis,  Ga'lea  ten- 
din'ea  Santori'ni,  Ga'lea  cap'itis,  llembra'na 
epicra'nia.  The  tendinous  e:xpansion  which 
unites  the  frontal  and  occipital  portions  of  the 
occipito-frontalis  muscle. 

GALEAMAUROSIS,  Amaurotic  cat's  eye. 

GALEAN'CON,  Galian'con,  from  yaXea,  'a 
cat,'  '  a  weasel,'  and  ayKMV,  '  an  elbow.'  Muste- 
la'ncus.     One  who  has  two  short  arms. 

GALEAN'THROPY,  Galeanthro'pia,  from 
yaXr],  'a  cat,'  and  av5pti)-os,  'a  man.'  A  variety 
of  melancholy  in  which  the  patient  believes  him- 
self changed  into  a  cat.  An  affection  similar  to 
lycanthropy  and  cynanthropy. 

GALE'GA,  G.  officina'lis  seu  vnlga'rts  seu  Per'- 
sica,  Ruta  capra'ria,  Goat's  Rue,  (F.)  Rue  d« 
chevre,  Faux  Indigo.  It  is  slightly  aromatic, 
and  was  once  used  as  a  sudorific  and  alexiterial 
in  malignant  fevers,  &c. 

Galega  Persica,  Galega. 

Galega  Virginia'na,  Tephro'sia  Virginia'na, 
Turkey  Pea,  Hoary  Pea,  Devil's  shoestrings,  Vir- 
ginia Goat's  rue  or  cat-gut,  is  used  in  some  parts 
of  the  United  States  as  an  anthelmintic.  The 
de-coction  of  the  root  is  given. 

Galega  Vulgaris,  Galega. 

GALENE,  Graphites. 

GALENEA,  Graphites. 

GALEN'IC,''  Galen'ical,-  Gnlen'ictis,  Gale'nins, 
from  Galenus.  That  which  relates  to  the  doctrina 
of  Galen  or  to  Galenism.  Used,  substantively,  foi 
drugs  that  are  not  chymical. 

Galenic  Medicine,  Galenism. 

GA'LENISM,  Galen'ic  med'icine.  The  doc- 
trine of  Galen. 

GA'LENIST,  Galenis'ta,  Galenis'tes.  A  fol 
lower  of  the  doctrine  of  Galen. 

GALENIUS,  Galenic. 

GALEOBDOLON,  Galeopsis. 

GALEOPDOLON,  Galeopsis. 

GALEOPSIS,  Lamium  album. 

Galeop'sis,  Galiop' sis,  Galeoh' dolon,  Galeop'- 
dolon,  La'mium  rtthrum,  Vrti'ca  iners  magna  fce- 
tidis'sima,  Stachys  foe'tida,  Hedge  nettle,  (F.) 
Ortie  morte  des  hois.  This  plant  was  formerly 
reckoned  a  vulnerary  and  anodjme. 

Galeopsis  Angustifolia,  G.  grandiflora — g, 
Dubia,  G.  grandifl:ora. 

Galeop'sis  Grandtflo'ra,  G.  Ochroleu'ca  seu 
la'danum  seu  angustifo'lia  seu  du'hia  seu  pros- 
tra'ta  seu  villo'sa,  Tetrahit  longijlo' rum,  G, 
Seg"etum,  Herha  Sideri'tidis.  This  plant  is  re- 
garded in  Germany  as  a  bitter  resolvent.  It  is 
the  basis,  also,  of  a  celebrated  nostrum,  the  Blaih- 
kenheimer  Tea,  called,  likewise,  Lieher's  2'>ectoral 
and  phthisical  herbs  (Liebersche  Brust 
Oder  Ausz  ehrungs-Krauter,)  which  has 
enjoyed  great  repute  in  pectoral  complaints. 
The  tops  of  the  plant  are  given  in  decoction, 
(^j,  boiled  in  a  pint  of  water  for  a  quarter  of  an 
hour.)     This  quantity  to  be  taken  in  a  day. 

Galeopsis  Ladanum,  G.  grandiflora — _^.Ochro- 
leuca,  G.  grandiflora — g.  Prostrata,  G.  grandiflora 
— g.  Segetum,  G.  grandiflora. 


GALEROPIA 


GANGLIFORM 


Gaxeop'sis  Versic'olor,  is  possessed  of  the 
game  virtues. 

Galkopsis  Yixlosa,  G.  grandiflora. 

GALEROPIA,  Oxyopia. 

GA'LIA.  An  ancient  composition,  in  whicli 
galls  were  an  ingredient ;  the  Galia  pitra.  There 
was,  also,  a  Galia  aromat'ica,  moscha'ta  vel  mus- 
ca'ta,  which  consisted  of  a  mixture  of  several 
perfumes,  such  as  musk. 

GALIAXCOX,  Galeancon. 

GALIOPSIS,  Galeopsis. 

GALIP^A  FEBRIFUGA,  Cusparia  febrifuga 
— g.  Officinalis,  see  Cusparia  febrifuga. 

GALIPOT,  see  Pinus  sylvestris. 

GA'LIUM,  Gal'lium,  (from  ya^a,  'milk,'  be- 
cause some  species  curdle  milk.)     G.  verum. 

Galicii  Album,  G.  Mollugo. 

Ga'licm  Apahi'ne,  G.  infest'utn  sen  aparinoV- 
des  seu  hrachycarp' on  seu  scaber'rimuvi,  Valan'tia 
apari'rie,  Apari'iie  his'pida,  Aparine,  Lajypa, 
Philanthro' pjus,  Ampelocar'pue,  Omphalocar'jma, 
Ixus,  A^phari'ne,  Asper'ula,  Goose-r/rass,  Clea- 
ver's hees,  Cleavers,  Goose-share,  Hayriff.  Fa- 
mily, Piubiacese.  Sex.  Syst.  Tetrandria  Monogy- 
nia.  (F.)  Gaillet  accrochant,  G.  crochanf,  Grat- 
teron.  The  expressed  juice  has  been  given  as 
an  aperient  diuretic  in  incipient  dropsies ;  also, 
in  cancer. 

Galium  Aparan'oides,  G.  aparine. 

Ga'lium  Asprellum,  Rough  bed-straw.  Rough 
ladies'  bed-straw :  indigenous ;  has  the  diuretic 
properties  of  most  of  its  genus. 

Galium  Brachycarpon,  G.  aparine — g.  Cau- 
casicum,  G.  verum. 

Galium  CiRCic'zAXS,  Wild  Liquorice,  blaster 
of  the  Woods.  An  indigenous  plant,  which  flow- 
ers from  June  to  August.  It  is  demulcent  and 
diuretic,  and  is  a  pojjular  domestic  remedy. 

Galium  Ixfeste,  G.  aparine  —  g.  Luteum,  G. 
verum. 

Galium  Mollu'go,  Galium  album  seu  Tyro- 
Icn'se,  Greater  ladies'  bed-straw,  Alys'sum  Plin'ii, 
(F.)  Caillelait  blanc.  The  herb  and  flowers  have 
been  used,  medicinally,  in  epilepsy. 

Galium  Odoratum,  Asperula  odorata — g.  Sca- 
berrimum,  G.  aparine. 

Ga'lium  Tixcto'rum,  an  American  species, 
closely  allied  in  properties  to  G.  verum. 

Galium  Tyrolexsb,  G.  mollugo — g.  Tubercu- 
latum, g.  Verum. 

Ga'lium  Verum,  Ga'lium,  G.  lu'teum  seu  Cau- 
ca'sicum  seu  tuber cula'tura,  Ladies'  hed-straw. 
Cheese-rennet,  Bed,-straw,  Cleaveicort,  Goose- 
grass,  Savoyan,  Clabber-grass,  Milhsweet,  Poor 
Robin,  Gravel-grass,  (F.)  Gaillet  jaune,  G.  vrai, 
Vrai  Caillelait.  The  tops  were  used  in  the  cure 
of  epilepsy.  The  leaves  and  flowers  possess  the 
property  of  curdling  milk. 

GALL,  Bile,  see  Eczema  impetiginodes, 
Quercus  infectoria,  and  Vitrum  —  g.  of  the  earth, 
Prenanthes — g.  Xut,  see  Quercus  infectoria — g. 
of  the  Ox,  see  Bile — g.  Sickness,  Fever,  Walche- 
ren — g.  Turkey,  see  Quercus  infectoria. 

GALL-BLADDER,  Vesic'ida  fellis,  Ohol'e- 
cysf,  Cholecys'tis,  Follic'ulus  fellis,  Cystis  fel'lea, 
Vesi'ca  fellea,  Vesic'ula  bilis.  Vesi'ca  bilia'ria, 
Follic'ulus  fel'leuH,  Cystis  choled'ochus,  (F.)  Ve- 
eieide  du  fiel  ou  Vesicide  biliaire.  Reservoir  de  la 
bile.  A  membranous,  pyriform  reservoir,  lodged 
in  a  superficial  depression  at  the  inferior  surface 
of  the  right  lobe  of  the  liver.  It  receives,  by  the 
hepatic  and  cystic  ducts,  a  portion  of  the  bile 
secreted  by  the  liver,  when  the  stomach  is  empty, 
which  becomes  in  it  more  acrid,  bitter,  and  thick. 
It  receives  an  artery,  called  the  cystic.  Its  veins 
empty  into  the  vena  porta.  Its  nerves  come  from 
the  hepatic  plexus,  and  its  lymphatic  vessels  join 
thoso  of  the  liver. 


GALL  A,  see  Quercus  infectoria  —  g.  Maxima 
Orbiculata,,  see  Quercus  infectoria. 

GALL^  QUERCUS,  see  Quercus  infectoria — 
g.  TinctoriK,  see  Quercus  infectoria — g.  Turcicse, 
see  Quercus  infectoria. 

GALLATURA,  Molecule. 

GALLI  GALLIXACEI  CAPUT,  Gallinaginis 
caput. 

GALLI]!irAG"I]!inS  CAPUT,  Galli  gallina'cr,{ 
Caput,  Caput  gallina'  ceum,  Verumonta'  num. 
Crista  urethra'lis,  Crete  urethrale,  —  (Ch.,)  from 
Gallinago,  'a  woodcock.'  An  oblong,  rounded 
projection,  formed  by  the  mucous  membrane  in 
the  spongy  portion  of  the  urethra,  at  the  sides 
of  which  the  ejaculatory  ducts  open. 

GAL'LIPOT.  Perhaps  from  gala,  '  finery.'  (?) 
A  pot  painted  and  glazed  or  merely  glazed,  and 
commonly  used  to  hold  medicines. 

GALLITRICHUM,  Salvia  sclarea. 

GALLIUM,  Galium. 

GALLSTONES,  CalcuU,  biUary. 

GALLUS,  Eunuch. 

GALREDA,  Gelatin. 

GAL VAXISATIOaY,  Galvanization. 

GAL'VANISM,  Galvanis'mus,  Flectric"ita» 
anima'lis,  E.  Galvan'ica  vel  metal'lica,  Irrita- 
men'tum  metallo'rum  vel  mefa.l'licnm,  Yol'taiem, 
Volta'ie  or  Chemical  or  Conta.et  Electricity.  A 
series  of  phenomena,  consisting  in  sensible  move- 
ments, executed  by  animal  parts,  which  are  en- 
dowed with  irritability,  when  placed  in  connex- 
ion with  two  metallic  plates  of  different  nature, 
between  which  a  communication  is  established 
by  direct  contact  or  by  means  of  a  metallic  wire. 
Galvanism  has  been  employed  medicinally  in  the 
same  cases  as  electricity,  and  especially  in  neu- 
ralgic affections.  It  is  often  applied  in  the  form 
of  plates, — "  Hansford's  pjla.tes."  In  asthma,  for 
example,  a  small  blister,  the  size  of  a  dollar,  may 
be  placed  on  the  neck  over  the  course  of  the 
phrenic  and  pneumogastric  nerves,  and  another 
on  the  side,  in  the  region  of  the  diaphragm.  One 
metal  is  placed  mediately  or  immediately  over  the 
vesicated  surface  on  the  neck,  and  another  ovtr 
that  in  the  side.  They  are  then  connected  by 
means  of  a  wire.  The  new  nervous  impression, 
in  this  way  induced,  is  often  signally  beneficial. 

GALVAXIZATIOX,  Gahanisa'tio,  (F.)  Gal- 
vanisation.    The  act  of  affecting  with  galvanism. 

GALVANOPUNCTURE,  Electropuncture. 

GAMBA,  Patella. 

GAMBARUS,  Crab. 

GAMBIER,  see  Nauclea  gambLr. 

GAMBOGIA,  Cambogia. 

GAMMARUS,  Crab. 

GAM'MATA  FERRAMEX'TA.  Cauteries, 
having  the  shape  of  the  Greek  letter  T;  whicli 
were  used  for  cauterizing  hernias. 

GAMMAUT.  The  Italians,  according  to  Scul- 
tetus,  gave  this  name  to  a  kind  of  crooked  bis- 
touri,  used  for  opening  abscesses. 

GAMMISMUS,  Psammismus. 

GAMPHE,  Gena. 

GAMPHELE,  Gena,  Maxillai-y  Bone. 

GANGAME,  Epiploon. 

GAXGAMUM,  Epiploon. 

GANGLIA  CEREBRI  POSTICA,  Thalami 
nervorum  opticorum — g.  Formative,  see  G.Tnglion 

—  g.  Hemispherical,   Hemispheres  of  the  brain 

—  g.  of  Increase,  see  Ganglion  —  g.  Nervorum, 
Gang-lions,  nervous,  see  Ganglion  —  g.  Sensory, 
see  Sensory  ganglia. 

GANGLIAR.  Ganglionic. 

GANG'LIFORM,  Gang'lioform,  Ganglifor'mit. 
Having  the  shape  of  a  ganglion.  A  name  geno- 
rally  given  to  a  knot-like  enlargement,  in  the 
course  of  a  nerve. 


GAXGLIOLUM 


GrAI^GLIOLUM,  Diminutive  of  ganglion.     A 
small  ganglion. 

GANG'LION,  Ganrj'Unm,  '  a  knot'  A  name 
given  to  organs  differing  considerably  from  each 
other  in  size,  colour,  texture,  functions,  &c. 
They  are  divided  into  glandiform,  lymphatic, 
and  nervous.  1.  Glandiform  (janglions,  called 
also  adenoid,  vascular,  and  sanguineous  gang- 
lions, blind,  aporic,  and  vascular  glands,  glandu- 
hg  spuricB,  &c.,  are  organs  of  whose  functions  ive 
are,  in  general,  ignorant;  and  which  have  the 
appearance  of  glands.  They  are  formed  of  ag- 
glomerated globules,  pervaded  by  blood-vessels, 
surrounded  by  areolar  membrane,  and  contain  a 
milky  or  yellowish  fluid.  To  this  class  belong  the 
spleen,  thymus,  thyroid,  and  supra- renal  glands. 
2.  Lymphnt'ic  ganglions.  See  Conglobate.  Z.  Ner- 
vous ganglions,  Ganglia  seu  Nodi  sen  Nod'uli 
Nervo'rum,  Ganglio'ncs,  Tumo'res  seu  Plexus 
goMglioform' es,  Plexus  glandifor'mes,  Tuher'cula 
nodo'sa  Nervo'rum.  Divertic'ida  sinrituum  ani- 
ma'lium,  Ganglia  of  increase,  Form'ative  gang'liu. 
Enlargements  or  knots  in  the  course  of  a  nerve. 
They  belong,  in  general,  to  the  sj^stem  of  the 
great  sympathetic.  One  exists  on  the  posterior 
root  of  every  spinal  nerve,  and  on  one  cerebral, — 
the  5th.  Bichat  regarded  them  as  so  many  small 
brains,  or  centres  of  nervous  action,  independent 
of  the  encephalon,  and  intended  exclusively  for 
organic  life.  Being  formed  by  the  union  of  the 
cerebral  and  spinal  nerves,  they  may  send  out 
the  influence  of  both  these  nervous  centres  to  the 
parts  to  which  the  nerves  proceeding  from  them 
are  distributed.  Ganglia  are  chiefly  composed  of 
vesicular  neurine ;  and  appear  to  be  concerned 
ia  the  formation  and  dispensation  of  nerve  power. 

Ganglion.  Same  etymon.  Emphy'ma  encys'- 
tiJi  ganglion.  A  globular,  hard,  indolent  tumour, 
without  change  in  the  colour  of  the  skin  ,•  of  a 
size  varying  from  that  of  a  pea,  to  that  of  an  egg, 
and  always  situate  in  the  course  of  a  tendon. 
The  tumour  is  formed  of  a  viscid,  albuminous 
fluid,  contained  in  a  cyst  of  greater  or  less  thick- 
ness. The  cyst  is  sometimes  loose ;  but  in  the 
majority  of  cases  it  communicates,  by  a  narrow 
footstalk,  with  the  sheath  of  a  tendon,  or  even 
with  the  synovial  capsule  of  a  neighbouring  arti- 
culation. The  causes  are  generally  unknown. 
The  treatment  consists  in  compression,  percussion, 
the  use  of  discutients,  extirpation,  or  incision. 

Ganglion  Abdominale,  G.  semilunar — g.  Ade- 
noid, G.  glandiform  —  g.  of  Andersch,  Petrous 
ganglion  —  g.  Annular,  see  Ciliary  ligament  —  g, 
of  Arnold,  Oticum  ganglion  —  g.  Auricular,  Oti- 
cum  G. — g.  Azygous,  see  Trisplanchnic  nerve — 
g.  Cardiac,  Cardiac  ganglion  —  g.  Carotic  or  Ca- 
rotid, see  Carotid  or  Carotic  nerve  —  g.  Caver- 
nous, see  Carotid  or  Carotic  nerve — g.  Cercbelli, 
Corpus  dentatum— g.  Cerebral,  anterior.  Corpora 
striata  —  g.  Cerebri  Anterius,  Corpora  striata  — 
g.  Cerebral  inferieur,  grand,  Thalami  nervorum 
optieornm — g.  Cerebral,  posterior,  Thalami  ner- 
vorum opticorum — g.  du  Cervelet,  Corpus  denta- 
tum—  g.  Ciliare,  Corpus  dentatum — g.  Ciliary, 
Ophthalmic  ganglion  —  g.  Corpuscles,  see  Neu- 
rine. 

Ganglion  of  Ehrenritteb,  Ganglion  nervi 
glosso-pharynge' i  sujye'rius,  G.  jugula're  supe'rius, 
G.  Ehrenritteri  seu  Mulleri.  A  reddish-gray  mass 
on  the  glosso-pharyngeal  nerve  in  the  foramen 
lacerum,  above  the  ganglion  of  Andersch. 

Ganglion  op  Gasser,  Gan'glium  seu  Gan'- 
glion  Gasseri,  3Ioles  gangliform'is,  Intnmesceii'- 
tia-  gangliform'is  sqvl  semiluna'ris,  Tce'nia  nervo'- 
»a  Halleri.  A  semicircular  knot  on  the  5th  pair 
of  nerves,  before  its  division  into  three  branches. 

Ganglion,  Glandiform,  see  Ganglion  —  g. 
Globules,  see  Neurine — Impar,  see  Trisplanchnic 


397  GAJSTGKENE 

nerve — g.  Jugulare  superius,  G.  of  Ehrenritter — g. 
Laiteitx,  Milk-knot — g.  of  Laumonier,  see  Carotid 
or  Carotic  nerve — g.  Lenticular,  G.  ophthalmic — 
g.  Lymphatic,  Conglobate  gland  —  g.  Maxillo- 
tympanique,  Oticum  G. — g.  of  Meckel,  Spheno- 
palatine G.  —  g.  Mulleri,  G.  of  Ehrenritter  —  g. 
Nasopalatine,  see  Nasopalatine  ganglion  —  g. 
Nervi  glosso-pharyngei  superius,  G.  of  Ehrenrit- 
ter—  g.  Ophthalmic,  see  Ophthalmic  ganglion  — 
g.  Optic,  Quadrigemina  tubercula — g.  Orbitar,  G. 
ophthalmic — g.  Oticum,  Oticum  G. — g.  Petrosal, 
see  Petrous  ganglion. 

Ganglion  of  the  Pneumogas'tric.  A  gan- 
glionic structure  in  the  pneumogastric  as  it  passes 
through  the  foramen  lacerum  posterius. 

Ganglion  of  Ribes.  A  nervous  ganglion  upon 
the  anterior  communicating  artery  of  the  brain, 
and  to  be  found  at  the  point  of  junction  of  the 
right  and  left  trunks  of  the  sympathetic. 

Ganglion,  Sanguineous,  G.  glandiform  —  g. 
Sensory,  see  Sensory  ganglia  —  g.  Solare,  G. 
semilunare — g.  Sphenoidal,  Sphenopalatine  gan- 
glion— g.  Splanchnicum,  G.  semilunare — g.  Su- 
perieur  du  cerveau  (grand,)  Corpora  striata  —  g. 
of  the  Superior  Laryngeal  Branch,  see  Pneumo- 
gastric nerves — g.  SUrrenal,  G.  semilunare  —  g. 
Thyroid,  see  Trisplanchnic  nerve — g.  Transver- 
sum,  G.  semilunare — g.  Vascular,  G.  glandiform 
—  g.  Vertebral,  see  Trisplanchnic  nerve — g.  d-e 
Vieussens,  Coeliac  plexus. 
GANGLIONARY,  Ganglionic. 
GANGLIONES  GANGLIOFOEMES,  Gan- 
glions, nervous. 

GANGLION'IC,  Ganglion' icus,  Gan'glionary, 
Gan'gliar.  Relating  to  ganglia.  Nerves  are  so 
called  in  the  course  of  which  ganglions  are  met 
with ;  as  the  greater  part  of  the  branches  of  the 
great  sympathetic  or  trisplanchnic,  the  posterior 
roots  of  the  spinal  nerves,  &c.  Ganglionics,  ac- 
cording to  Dr.  Pereira,  are  agents,  which  affect 
the  ganglionic  or  great  sympathetic  system  of 
nerves,(?) — as  stimulants  and  sedatives. 

Ganglionic  Nerve,  Trisplanchnic  nerve — g. 
Nervous  System,  see  Trisplanchnic  nerve. 

GANGLIONI'TIS,  Ganglii'tis,  from  yayy\iov, 
'  a  ganglion,'  and  itis,  denoting  inflammation. 
Inflammation  of  a  nervous  ganglion.  Sometimes 
used  for  inflammation  of  a  lymphatic  ganglion. 

Ganglionitis  Peripherica  et  Medullaris, 
Cholera. 

GANGLITJM,  Ganglion — g.  Gasseri,  Ganglion 
of  Gasser. 

GANGRiE'NA  ALOPECIA,  Alopecia— g.  Ca- 
ries, Caries — g.  Nosocomiorum, Hospital  gangrene 
— g.  Oris,  Cancer  aquaticus — g.  Ossis,  Spina  ven- 
tosa — g.  Ossium,  Caries — g.  Pottii,  see  Gangrene, 
and  Gangrene  of  old  people — g.  Pulmonum, 
Necropneumonia  —  g.  Senilis,  Gangrene  of  old 
people  —  g.  Sphacelus,  Sphacelus  —  g.  Tonsilla- 
rum,  Cynanche  maligna  —  g.  Ustilaginea,  Ergo- 
tism— 2.  VaginPD,  Colpoeace. 

GANGR^NESCENTIA,  Gangrsenosis. 
GANGRiENICUS,  Gangrenous. 
GANGR^NODES,  Gangrenous. 
GANGR^NOPS'IS,   Cancer  aquaticus;  also, 
gangrenous  inflammation  of  the  eyelids,  Blepjlia 
ri'tis  gangrwno'sa. — Siebenhaar. 

GANGR^NO'SIS,  Gan green escen'tia,  from 
yayypaiva,  '  gangrene.'  The  state  of  being  gan- 
grenous or  of  becoming  gangrenous. 
GANGRiENOSUS,  Gangrenous. 
GANGRENE,  Gangra'na,  Gancre' na.  Hot  mor- 
tifieation,  (F.)  Gangrene,  G.  Chaude,  Asphyxied^t 
parties.  Privation  of  life  or  partial  death  of  an 
organ.  Authors  have  generally  distinguislied 
mortification  into  two  stages:  naming  the  lir>it 
incipient  or  gangrene.  It  is  attended  with  a  sud- 
den diiainution  of  feeling  in  the  part  affected  r 


GANGRENE 


398 


GAS 


livid  discoloration ;  detachment  of  the  cuticle, 
under  which  a  turbid  fluid  is  effused ;  with  crepi- 
tation, owing  to  the  disengagement  of  air  into 
the  areolar  texture.  When  the  part  has  become 
quite  black,  and  incapable  of  all  feeling,  circula- 
tion, and  life,  it  constitutes  the  second  stage,  or 
mortif  cation,  and  is  called  spAac"e^!(s.  Gangrene, 
however,  is  frequently  used  synonymously  with 
■  mortification,  —  local  asphyxia  being  the  term 
employed  for  that  condition,  in  which  the  parts 
are  in  a  state  of  suspended  animation,  and,  con- 
sequently, susceptible  of  resuscitation.  When  the 
part  is  filled  with  fluid  entering  into  putrefaction, 
the  affection  is  called  humid  gangrene,  (F.)  Gan- 
grene humide:  on  the  other  hand,  when  it  is  dry 
and  shrivelled,  it  constitutes  dry  gangrene;  (F.) 
Gangrene  seche.  To  this  class  belongs  the  gan- 
grcB'na  sent' Us,  G.  Pot'tii,  Preshyos2ihoc"elue,  or 
spontaneous  gangrene  of  old  people,  which  rarely 
admits  of  cure.  Whatever  may  be  the  kind  of 
gangrene,  it  may  be  caused  by  violent  inflamma- 
tion, contusion,  a  burn,  congelation,  the  ligature 
of  a  large  arterial  trunk,  or  by  some  internal 
cause  inappreciable  to  us. 

The  treatment,  both  of  external  and  internal 
gangrene,  varies  according  to  the  causes  which 
produce  it.  Gangrene  from  excessive  inflamma- 
tion is  obviated  by  antiphlogistics ;  and  that  from 
intense  cold  by  cautiously  restoring  the  circula- 
tion by  cold  frictions,  <fee.  When  the  gangrene 
has  become  developed,  the  separation  of  the 
eschars  must  be  encouraged  by  emollient  appli- 
cations, if  there  be  considerable  reaction ;  or  by 
tonics  and  stimulants,  if  the  reaction  be  insufii- 
cient. 

Gangrene,  Hospital,  see  Hospital,  Gangrene 
— g.  of  the  Lungs,  Necropneumonia. 

GANGRENE  DE  LA  BOUCHE,  Cancer 
aquaticus  —  g.  Chaude,  Gangrene  —  g.  Froide 
Sphacelus — g.  Humide,  see  Gangrene — g.  Seche, 
see  Gangrene — g.  Hojntal,  Hospital  gangrene  — 
g.  du  Poumon,  Necropneumonia — g.  dea  Solonois, 
Ergotism. 

GAN'GRENOUS,  Gangrm' nicuSfGangrceno' sus, 
GangrcBno'des.  Affected  with  or  relating  to  gan- 
grene. 

GANJAH,  Gunjah. 

GANTELET  (F.),  CMrothe'ca,  Fas'cia  digi- 
ta'lis.  Gauntlet;  from  (F.)  gant,  'a,  glove.'  A 
sort  of  bandage  which  envelops  the  hand  and 
fingers,  like  a  glove.  It  is  made  with  a  long 
roller,  about  an  inch  broad ;  and  is  applied  so 
that  the  fingers  are  covered  to  their  tips,  when 
it  is  called  Gantelet  entier  ou  complet.  The  Demi- 
gantelet  includes  only  the  hand  and  base  of  the 
fingers.  Both  bandages  are  used  in  fractures  and 
luxations  of  the  fingers,  burns  of  the  hand,  Ac. 
See  Chirotheca. 

GANTS  BBS  I)A2IES,  Condom—^,  de  Notre 
Dame,  Digitalis. 

GAPING.  Yawning. 

GARANCE,  Rubia. 

GARCIN'IA  CAMBO'GIA,  G.gutta,Camhogia 
gutta,  Mangosfa'na  Cambogia.  A  tree  of  Ceylon, 
Family  Guttiferse,  which  affords  a  concrete  juice 
Bimilar  to  Gamboge. 

Garcinia  Gdtta,  G.  Cambogia. 

Garcin'ia  Mangosta'na,  Mangosta'na  Gar- 
cin'ia.  The  systematic  name  of  the  Mangos'tan 
or  Mangons'tan  tree,  Mangosta'na.  It  grows  in 
great  abundance  in  Java  and  the  Molucca  islands. 
The  fruit,  which  is  about  the  size  of  an  orange,  is 
delicious,  and  is  eaten  in  almost  every  disorder. 
The  drie'J  bark  is  used  medicinally  in  dysentery 
and  t-enesmus  ;  and  a  strong  decoction  has  been 
inacb  esteemed  in  ulcerated  sore  throat. 

GARDE-MALADE,  Nurse. 

GAEDEROBE,  Artemisia  abrotanum. 


GARDEROBES,  Faeces. 

GARDINER'S  ALIMENTARY  PREPABA- 
TION,  see  Oryza. 

GARDOUCHES,  Vesiculse  seminales. 

GARETUM,  Poples. 

GARGALISMUS,  Gargalus. 

GAR'GALUS,  Gar'gale,  Gargalis'mus,  Titil- 
la'tio,  Irrita'tio,  Pruri'tus.  Titillation,  irrita- 
tion, itching.  Also,  masturbation ;  and,  rarely, 
animal  magnetism. 

GARGAREON,  Uvula. 

GARGARISATIO,  Gargarism. 

GAR'GARISM,  Gargaris'mus,  Gargaris'mn, 
Anagargalic'ton,  Gargaris'mum.,  Collu'tio,  Ein- 
clys'ma,  Anagargaris' ton,  Anagargarism'us,  Ana- 
eonehylis'mns,  Anaconchylias'mus,  Titillamen'tiim, 
from  yapyapi^to,  '1  wash  the  mouth.'  A  gargle. 
Any  liquid  medicine,  intended  to  be  retained  in 
the  mouth,  for  a  certain  time,  and  to  be  thrown 
in  contact  with  the  uvula,  velum  pendulum,  ton- 
sils, &c.  For  this  purpose,  the  liquid  is  agitated 
by  the  air  issuing  from  the  larynx,  the  head 
being  thrown  back.  Gargles  are  employed  in 
cynanche  tonsillaris  and  other  diseases  of  tli* 
fauces,  and  are  made  of  stimulants,  sedatives, 
astringents,  refrigerants,  Ac,  according  to  cir- 
cumstances. 

The  process  is  termed  gargling,  gargarisa'tio. 

The  term  collnto'rinm  or  collvtorium  ori«  is  ge- 
nerally restricted  to  a  wash  for  the  mouth. 

GARGET,  Phytolacca  decandra. 

GARGLE,  Gargarism. 

GARGLING,  see  Gargarism. 

GARGOUILLEMENT,  Borboryg-mus,  Gur- 
gling.    See  Rale  muqueux. 

GARLIC,  Allium— g.  Hedge,  Alliaria. 

GAROSMUM,  Chenopodium  vulvaria. 

GAROU  BARK,  Daphne  gnidium. 

GARRETUM,  Poples. 

GARROPHYLLUS,  Eugenia  caryophyllatA. 

GARROT  (F.),  from  garotter,  'to  tie  faai.' 
A  small  cylinder  of  wood,  used  for  tightening 
the  circular  band,  by  which  the  arteries  of  a  limb 
are  compressed,  for  the  purpose  of  suspending 
the  flow  of  blood  in  cases  of  hemorrhage,  aneU- 
rism,  amputation,  &c. 

GARROTILLO,  Cynanche  maligna. 

GARRULITAS,  Loquacity. 

GARU'LEUM  BIPINNA'TUM.  A  South  Afri- 
can plant,  Nat.  Ord.  Compositse  ;  known  under 
the  name  Snakeroot,  from  its  reputed  effects  as 
an  antidote  to  the  bites  of  venomous  serpents. 
The  root  is  a  great  favourite  with  the  Boers  in 
chest  diseases  —  as  asthma — and  in  affections  in 
which  a  free  secretion  from  the  mucous  membrane 
of  the  bronchia  is  indicated.  It  has  diaphoretic 
properties,  and  acts  as  a  diuretic  in  gout  and 
dropsy.  It  is  given  in  decoction  or  tincture.  Dr. 
Pappe  thinks  the  root  ought  to  have  a  place  in 
the  Materia  Medica. 

GARUM,  yapov.  The  ancient  Romans  gave 
this  name  to  a  kind  of  pickle  made  by  collecting 
the  liquor  which  flowed  from  salted  and  half- 
putrefied  fish.  It  was  used  as  a  condiment. — The 
Geoponics,  Humelberg  on  Apieius,  Martial,  &c. 

GAS,  see  Gaz  —  g.  Ammoniacale,  Ammonia. — 
g.  Animale  sanguinis,  G.  sanguinis — g.  Azoticiiin, 
Azote  —  g.  Azoticum  oxygenatum.  Nitrogen,  g.n- 
seous  oxide  of — g.  Hepaticum,  Hydrogen,  sul- 
phuretted—  g.  Hydrogenium  sulphuretuni,  Hy- 
drogen, sulphuretted — g.  Intoxicating,  Nitro.c^'n. 
gaseous  oxide  of — g.  Laughing,  Nitrogen,  gaseous 
oxide  of —  g.  of  the  Lungs,  Gas,  pulmonary — g. 
Nitrous,  dephlogisticated,  Nitrogen,  gnseous  oxide 
of  —  g.  Oxygenated  muriatic  acid.  Chlorine  —  g. 
Oxymuriatio  acid,  Chlorine — g.  Palustre,  Miasm, 


GASCARILLA 


399 


GASTRO-ARTHRITIS 


marsh  —  g.  Paradise,  Nitrogen,  gaseous  oxide  of 
— g.  Sulphuris,  Sulphurous  acid. 

GASCARILLA,  Croton  cascarilla. 

GASTEIN,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Gasteiu  or  Gasteiner  Wildbad  is  in  the  Noric 
Alps,  Austria.  The  waters  are  thermal.  Temp. 
106°  to  118°  Fah.  They  contain  sulphate  of 
soda,  chloride  of  sodium,  chloride  of  potassium, 
carbonate  of  soda,  carbonate  of  lime,  magnesia, 
manganese,  iron,  &c. 

GASTER,  yadTnp.  The  ^hdomen.  At  times, 
but  rarely,  the  uterus.  Also,  the  stomach,  in 
particular ;  Hence : 

GASTERALGIA,  Gastralgia. 

GASTERANAX.  A  name  given  by  Dolasus 
to  a  hypothetical  vital  principle,  corresponding 
to  the  ArchaBus  of  Van  Helmont,  the  seat  of 
■which  he  placed  in  the  lower  belly.     See  Bithni- 

GASTERANGEMPHRAXIS,  Gasterangiem- 
phraxis. 

GASTERANGIEMPHRAX'IS,  Gasterangem- 
phrax'is,  Gasteremphrax' is.  Obstruction  of  the 
pylorus,  from  yaarnp,  '  stomach,'  ay%w,  '  I  stran- 
gle,' and  cfi'ppa(!<rij>,  '  I  obstruct.' — Vogel.  Also, 
and  properly,  obstruction  or  congestion  of  the 
vessels  of  the  stomach. 

GASTERASE,  Pepsin. 

GASTERASTHENI'A,/«nJec77'itasseu^Cori'ia 
fieu  Lax'itas  ventric'vli /  from  yaarrip,  'stomach, 
and  anOzvzia,  'debility.'    Debility  of  the  stomach. 

GASTERECHE'MA,  Son'ilus  stomach' reus ; 
from  yaarrip,  '  the  stomach,'  and  vx'^l"^!  '  sound.' 
Sound  presumed  to  be  heard  on  auscultating  the- 
region  of  the  stomach. 

GASTEREMPHRAXIS,  Gasterangiem- 
phraxis. 

GASTERHYSTEROTOMY, Cesarean  Section. 

GASTR^'MIA;  from  yaarnp,  'the  stomach,' 
and  'aijia,  '  blood.'  Determination  of  blood  to 
the  stomach. 

GASTRALGIA,  Cardialgia. 

GASTRANEURYSMA,  Gastrectasis. 

GASTRATROPH'IA,  from  yaarnp,  'the  stx)- 
mach,'  and  arpoc^ia,  '  wasting.'  Atrophy  of  the 
stomach. 

GASTRECTASIS,  Gastreeta'si'a,  Gasfranev- 
vys'ma,  DllataHio  ventric'uli  :  from  yaarrjp,  'the 
stomach,'  and  ektoo-is,  '  dilatation.'  Dilatation 
of  the  stomach. 

GASTRELCOBROSIS,  Gastrobrosis  ulcerosa. 

GASTRELGO'SIS,  Ulcera'tio  seu  Exulcera'tio 
seu  Ul'cera  ventric'uli,  from  yaarr/p,  'the  stomach,' 
and  'eXKwaci,  'ulceration.'  Ulceration  of  the  sto- 
mach. When  accompanied  with  hectic,  it  con- 
stitutes Gastrophthi'sis,  Gastroph'tlioe. 

.GASTRELYTROTOMIA,  see  Csesarean  Sec- 
tioQ. 

GASTRENCEPHALO'MA,  Gastromijelo'ma, 
Gastromyclo' siSjGastroencephalo' sis ;  from  yaarrip, 
'the  stomach,'  and  tyKt<pa\oi,  'the  brain.'  En- 
»-ephaloid  of  the  stomach. 

GASTRENCHYTA,  Stomach  pump. 

GASTRENTERIC,  Gastroenterieus. 

GASTRENTERITIC,  Gastroenteritic. 

GASTRENTEROMALA'CIA,  Gastrenteroma- 
lax'is,  from  yaarrip,  'stomach,'  cvrtpov,  'intestine,' 
and  jxa\aKia,  '  softening.'  Softening  of  the  sto- 
mach and  intestines. 

GASTREPATICUS,  Gastrohepatic. 

GASTREPATI'TIS,  Inflamma'tio  ventric'uli 
et  hep'atis;  from  yaarrjp,  'stomach,'  and  'ri-rrap, 
'liver.'     Inflammation  of  the  stomach  and  liver. 

GASTREPIPLOICUS,  Gastroepiploic. 

GASTREREIHIS'IA;  from  ya<rr//p,  'sto- 


mach,' and  cpcdi^w,  'I  irritate.'  Irritation  of  tb« 
stomach. 

GASTRIC,  Gas'tricus ,•  from  yaarrjp,  'the  sto- 
mach.'    Belonging  or  relating  to  the  stomach. 

Gastric  Ar'teries  are  three  in  number,  Ar- 
te'ria  gastro-epiplo'ica  dextra,  A.  gastro-epiploi'- 
ca  sinis'tra,  and  A.  corona'ria  ventri'cvli. 

Gastric  Juice,  Succus  gas'tricvs,  Men'strumn 
seu  Fermentum  Ventric'uli,  (P.)  Sue  Gastrique, 
Gastric  Acid.  A  fluid,  secreted  from  the  mucous 
membrane  of  the  stomach.  As  met  with,  it  is  a 
mixture  of  the  fluids  secreted  by  that  organ  with 
those  of  the  supra-diaphragmatic  portion  of  the 
alimentary  canal.  Owing  to  such  admixture,  the 
most  contrary  properties  have  been  assigned  to 
it.  That  such  a  fluid  is  secreted,  which  concurs 
powerfully  in  digestion,  is  evident  from  many 
considerations,  and  has  been  positively  proved 
by  the  author  and  numerous  others.  It  was  found 
by  him  to  contain,  in  man,  chlorohydric  and  acetic 
acids.  The  gastric  fluid  in  cases  of  sudden  death 
sometimes  corrodes  and  perforates  the  stomach  : 
giving  rise  to  interesting  questions  in  medical 
jurisprudence. 

Gastric  Nerves.  The  two  cords  by  which 
the  pneumogastric  nerves  terminate,  and  which 
descend  on  the  two  surfaces  of  the  stomach  ;  as 
well  as  the  filaments  of  the  great  sympathetic, 
which  accompany  the  gastric  vessels. 

Gastric  Plexus,  Plexus  corona'riu«  ventri'- 
culi.  A  nervous  net-work,  formed  by  the  solar 
plexus.  It  accompanies  the  Arteria  coronaria 
ventriculi,  and  passes  along  the  lesser  curvature 
of  the  stomach,  to  which  it  gives  branches. 

Gastric  Veins  follow  the  same  distribution 
as  the  arteries,  and  open  into  the  Vena  2ioria  ab- 
dominis. 

GAS'TRICISM,  Gastricis'mus,  from  yaarrip, 
'  the  stomach.'  A  name  by  which  is  designated 
the  medical  theory,  that  refers  all,  or  almost  all, 
diseases  to  an  accumulation  of  saburrse  in  the 
digestive  passages. 

GASTKILOQUE,  Engastrimyth. 

GASTRILOQUIST,  Engastrimyth. 

GASTRILOQUUS,  Engastrimyth. 

GASTRIMARGUS,  Glutton. 

GASTRINUM,  Potash. 

CASTRISMUS,  Gluttony,  see  Saburra. 

GASTRIT'IC,  Gastrit'icus ;  same  etymon  aj! 
the  rest.     Relating  to  gastritis. 

GASTRI'TIS,  from  yaarrjp,  'the  stomach,'  and 
itis,  denoting  inflammation.  Ventric'uli  inflam- 
ma'tio, Cauina  gastritis,  Empres'ma  gastritis,  Jn- 
flamma'tio  gastritis.  Cardial' gia  inflammato'ria, 
Fehris  stomach'ica  inflammato'ria,  Inflamma'tio 
ventric'uli,  I.  stom'achi,  Phleg'mone  ventric'uli. 
Inflammation  of  the  stomach,  (F.)  Inflammation 
de  V Estomac,  Gastrite,  Catarrhe  gastrique.  A 
disease,  characterized  by  pyrexia;  great  anxiety  ; 
heat  and  pain  in  the  epigastrium,  increased  by 
taking  any  thing  into  the  stomach ;  vomiting 
and  hiccup.  Gastritis  may  either  be  seated  in 
the  peritoneal  or  mucous  coat.  It  is  most  fre- 
quently in  the  latter — Esogastri'tis,  Endogastri'- 
tis,  Gastromy coder i'tis, — being  excited  directly 
by  acrid  ingesta.  It  requires  the  most  active 
treatment;  —  bleeding,  blistering,  fomentations, 
diluents,  &e.  Some  degree  of  inflammation  of 
the  mucous  coat  of  the  stomach  was  considered  by 
the  followers  of  Broussais  to  be  present  in  almoKt 
all  fevers;  and  the  various  forms  of  dyspepsia 
have  been  supposed  by  some  to  be  nothing  mor*) 
than  chronic  endogastri'tis. 

Gastritis  Arthritica,  Creliagra. 

GASTRO-ARTHRITIS,  Gout— g.  Ataxia. 
Dyspepsia — g.  Atonia,  Dyspepsia — g.  Bronchitis, 
Fever,  adenomeningeal — g,  Enterite  intense  ?.y» 


GASTROBROSTS 


400 


GASTROPERIODTNIA 


noeha — g.  Enterite,  with  nervoui  affection  of  the 
brain,  see  Typhus — g.  Enteritis,  follicular,  Dothi- 
nenteritis ;  see  Typhus. 

GASTROBRO'SIS,  Perfora'tio  ventric'uU, 
Gastrorrhex'is,  (F.)  Perforation  de  I'Estomac  ; 
from  yaurrip,  '  the  stomach,'  and  ^pwa-is,  '  the  act 
of  gnawing.'  Corrosion  and  perforation  of  the 
stomach. 

Gastrobro'sts  Ulcero'sa,  Gastreleohro'eis. 
Destruction  and  perforation  of  the  coats  of  the 
stomach  by  ulceration. 

GASTROCE'LE,  from  yaarvp,  '  the  belly,'  and 
Kz\ri,  '  a  tumour.'  Hernia  of  the  stomach,  Hernia 
■vvntric'uli,  (F.)  Hernie  de  I'Estomac.  Hernia, 
formed  by  the  stomach  through  the  upper  part 
of  the  linea  alba:  a  disease,  the  existence  of 
which  has  been  doubted  by  many.  See  Epigas- 
troe'ele. 

GASTRO-CEPHALI'TIS;  from  yaarvp,  'the 
stomach,'  Ki<j>a\ri,  '  nead,'  and  itis,  denoting  in- 
flammation. Inflammation  of  the  stomach  and 
head, — a  not  uncommon  concomitant  of  certain 
malignant  fevers. 

GASTROCHOLOSIS,  Fever,  gastric. 

GASTROCNEME,  Sura. 

GASTROCNEMIA,  Sura, 

GASTROCNE'MII,  from  yaaT,,p,  'the  belly,' 
and  Kvyinn,  '  the  leg.'  The  name  of  the  two  fleshy 
masses  which  occupy  the  posterior  and  superficial 
part  of  the  leg,  Gemelli ;  (F.)  Gastrocnemiens,  Ju- 
meaux  de  la  jamhe,  Bifemoro-calcaniens — (Ch.  :) 
the  two  constituting  the  Gaatroene'mius  exter'nus, 
of  English  anatomists.  These  muscles  are  dis- 
tinguished into  internal  and  external,  which  are 
distinct  above,  but  united  at  their  inferior  ex- 
tremity. They  are  long,  flat,  and  thick ;  and 
arise — the  former  from  the  posterior  part  of  the 
outer  condyle  of  the  femur ;  the  latter,  from  the 
posterior  part  of  the  inner  condj'le  of  the  same 
bone.  The  aponeurosis,  which  unites  these 
muscles  below,  joins  with  that  of  the  Solaris,  and 
forms  with  it,  a  large  tendon,  which,  under  the 
name  Tendo-Achillis,  is  inserted  at  the  posterior 
part  of  the  calcaneum.  These  muscles  extend 
the  foot  on  the  leg,  and  the  leg  on  the  foot.  They 
can,  also,  bend  the  leg  and  the  thigh  reciprocally 
on  each  other.  For  the  Gastrocnemius  internua, 
see  Soleus. 

GASTROCNEMIUM,  Sura. 

GASTROC(ELIACUS,  Coeliac. 

GASTROCOELICUS,  Coeliac 

GASTROCOLIC,  see  Epiploon,  gastrocolic. 

GASTROCOLICA,  Cardialgia. 

GASTROCOLI'TIS,  from  yatTT>,p,  'stomach,' 
and  kmXov,  'colon.'  Inflammation  of  the  stomach 
and  colon. 

GASTROCOLPOTOMIA,  see  Cesarean  sec- 
tion. 

GASTRODID'YMUS,  Did'ymns,  Symphyo- 
gaa'trivs,  Psod'ymus ;  from  yaarrip,  'the  belly,' 
and  ^liufiog,  '  a  twin.'  A  monstrosity  in  which 
twins  are  united  by  the  abdomen. 

GASTRODUODE'NAL,  Gastroduodena'lis ; 
from  yaarrip,  '  stomach,'  and  duodenum.  Relating 
to  the  stomach  and  duodenum. 

GASTRODUODENOPYRA,  Fever,  adeno- 
meningeal. 

GASTRODYNE,  Cardialgia. 

GASTRODYNIA,  Cardialgia  — g.  Flatulenta, 
Oolica  flatulenta. 

GASTROENTER'IC,  Gaatroenfer'icus,  Gas- 
ireiiter'ic,  Gastrenter'icua,  from  yatxTrtp,  'the  sto- 
mach,' and  cvrcp'iv,  '  intestine.'  Relating  to  the 
jicomach  and  inte  tine. 

GASTR  OENTERITE,  Gastroenteritis. 

GASTROENTERIT'IC,  Gastroenterit'icus, 


Gastrenterit'ie,   Gastrenterit'icvs ;    same  etymon 
as  the  nest.     Relating  to  gastroenteritis. 

GASTROENTERI'TIS,  Inflamnia'tio  ventric'- 
uU et  Intestino'rum,  (F.)  Gastro-enterite,  Gastro- 
enter'ic  disease,  from  yaarrjp,  '  the  stomach,'  evrc- 
pov,  'an  intestine,'  and  itis,  a  suffix  denoting  in- 
flammation. Inflammation  of  the  stomach  and 
small  intestine.  According  to  Broussais,  the 
essential  fevers  of  authors  are  gastro-enteritis, 
simple,  or  complicated. 

GASTROEPIP'LOIC,  Gastro-epiplo'icus,  Gus- 
trejyiplo'icus,  from  yaarrip,  'the  stomach,'  and 
t-KiirXoov,  'the  epiploon.'  That  which  relates  to 
the  stomach  and  epiploon. 

Gasteoepiploic  Arteries,  or  Gastric  inferior, 
are  two  in  number,  and  distinguished  into  riyht 
and  left.  The  right,  also  called  Gastro-hepatic, 
Gas'trica  inferior  dextra,  Gustro-epi2)lo' ica  dex- 
tra,  is  furnished  by  the  hepatic  artery.  It  de- 
scends behind  the  pylorus,  and  passes  from  right 
to  left,  along  the  great  curvature  of  the  stomach. 
It  gives  branches  to  the  pancreas,  duodenum, 
stomach,  omentum  majus,  and  terminates  by  an- 
astomosing with  the  Gastro-epiplo'ica  sinis'tra, 
Gas'trica  sinis'tra,  Gas'trica  infe'rior  sinis'tra. 
This  —  the  left  —  arises  from  the  splenic  artery. 
It  is  of  considerable  magnitude,  and  passes  from 
left  to  right,  along  the  great  curvature  of  the 
stomach,  distributing  its  branches  more  particu- 
larly to  the  stomach  and  omentum  majus.  It 
terminates  by  joining  the  right  gastro-epiploie. 

Gastroepiploic  Ganglions  are  the  lymphatic 
ganglions  or  glands,  situate  towards  the  great 
curvature  of  the  stomach,  between  the  two  ante- 
rior laminse  of  the  omentum  majus. 

Gastroepiploic  Veins  are  distinguished,  like 
the  arteries,  into  right  and  luft.  They  empty 
themselves ; — the  former,  into  the  superior  me- 
senteric :  the  latter,  into  the  splenic  vein. 

GASTROHyEMORRIIAGIA,  Hajmatemesis. 

GASTROHEPAT'IC,  Gastro-hejMt'icvs,  Hep'- 
at.o-gas' trials.  Gnstrepjat' lens  ;  from  yaarrip,  'the 
stomach,'  and  'v-ap,  '  the  liver.'  Relating  to 
the  stomach  and  liver.  This  name  has  been 
given  to  several  organs.  See  Epiploon,  gastro- 
hepatic,  <fcc. 

GASTROHYSTEROTOMY,  Ctesarean  section. 

GASTROLIENALIS,  G  astrosplenieus. 

GASTROLITHI'ASIS,  from  yaarrjp,  'the  sto. 
mach,'  and  Xtdiaaig,  'formation  of  stone.'  The 
formation  of  concretions,  gastroV ithi ,  in  the  sto- 
mach. 

GASTROMALACIA,  Gastromalaxia. 

GASTROMALAX'IA,  Gastro-mala'cia,  Gas, 
tromalaco' sis,  Malacogas'ter,  JIalax'is  ventric'ulh, 
Dissolu'tio  ventric'uU,  EmolliVio  ventric'vli, 
Pseudophlogo'sis  ventric'uU  resohiti'va  et  coUi-^ 
quati'va,  Metamorpho'sis  ventric'uU  gclatinifor'- 
mis,  Ero'sio  et  perfora' tio  sponta'nea  ventric'uU, 
Resolu'tio  et  diahro'sis  ventric'vli,  (F.)PamolUsae- 
ment  de  I'Estomac,  from  yaarrip,  'the  stomach.' 
and  fioKa^ii,  '  softening.'  Softening  of  the  sto- 
mach, induced  at  times  by  the  gastric  secretions 
after  death, — Resolu'tio  rentric'nli  autopeptica. 

GASTROMANTIS,  Engastrimyth. 

GASTROMETROTOMIA,  Ca?sarean  section. 

GASTROMYCODERIS,  see  Stomach. 

GASTR OMYCODERITIS,  see  Gastritis. 

GASTROMYELOMA,  Gastroencephaloma. 

GASTRONOSUS,  Gastropathia, 

GASTROPARAL'YSIS,r/a«/rop?e'r/m,Pa)'nr- 
yais  ventric'uU ;  from  yaarijp,  'the  stomach,'  and 
irapaXvaii.  '  paralysis.'     Paralysis  of  the  stomach. 

GASTROP'ATHY,  Gastropnthi'a,  Gnstron'- 
oans,  Gastronu'sua,  from  yaarrip,  'the  stomach,' 
and  Tindos,  'disease.'     Disease  of  the  stomach. 

GASTROPERIODYN'IA;    Sool   (lodia.)     A 


GASTROPHRENIC 


401 


GELASINI 


violent  periodical  neuralgic  pain  at  the  pit  of  the 
stomach,  not  uncommon  in  Hindoostan. 

GASTROPHREN'IC,  Gastro-phren'icus,  from 
ycKTTnp,  'the  stomach,'  and  (ppEvt;, '  the  diaphragm.' 
Belonging  to  the  stomach  and  diaphragm. 

G-ASTROPHRENic  LiGAMENT  is  a  reflection  of  the 
peritoneum,  which  descends  from  the  inferior  sur- 
fuee  of  the  diaphragm  to  the  cardia. 
GASTROPHTHISIS,  Gastrelcosis.    • 
GASTROPHTHOE,  Gastrelcosis. 
GASTROPLEGIA,  Gastroparalysis. 
GASTROR'APHY,  Gastrorrha'phia,  Gastror'- 
rlaphe,  Sutu'ra  ahdomina'Us,  from  yaarrip,  'the 
belly,'  and  paipv',  ' a  suture.'    The  suture  used  for 
uniting  wounds  penetrating  the  abdomen,  when 
they  are  too  extensive  or  too  unequal  to  be  kept 
in  contact  by  position,  adhesive  plaster,  or  ap- 
propriate bandages.    The  interrupted  and  quilled 
sutures  are  those  chiefly  employed. 
GASTRORRHAGIA,  Hajmatemesis. 
GASTRORRHEXIS,  Gastrobrosis. 
GASTRORRHCE'A,  from  yatrrj;;),  'the  stomach,' 
and  pEU,  'I  flow.'     Blennorrha:' a  seu  Flii.rus  ven- 
tiic'idi,  (F.)  Flux  muqueux  de  I'enfomac,  Catarrhe 
stomacal.     A  morbid  condition  of  the  stomach, 
which  consists  in  the  secretion  of  an  excessive 
qtiantity  of  mucus  from  the  lining  membrane  of 
the  stomach.     Also,  Cceliac  flux. 

GASTROSCIR'RHUS,    Indura'tio   ventrtc'uli 
gnirrho'sa,    Scirrhim    seu    carcino'ma   ventric'uli. 
Scirrhous  induration  or  cancer  of  the  stomach. 
GASTROSCOPIA,  Abdominoseopia. 
GASTRO'SIS.     A  generic   name  for  diseases 
which  are  seated  in  the  stomach. — Alibert. 

GASTROSPLE'NIC,  Gastroeple'mcus,  Gastro- 
h'etia'lis,  from  yaarri^,  'stomach,'  and  airXriv,  'the 
jipleen.'     Relating  to  stomach  and  spleen. 

GASTROSTBJSrOSIS,  Stricture  of  the  sto- 
mach. 

GASTRosTE^'osIS  Cardi'aca  et  Ptlor'ica  ; 
from  yaarrjp,  'the  stomach,'  aud  otevoj,  'narrow.' 
Narrowness  of  the  cardiac  and  pyloric  orifices  of 
the  stomach  from  cancer  of  that  organ. 

GASTROT'OMY,  from  yaaTT,p,  'the  belly,'  and 
To/iv,  'incision.'  Several  diflFerent  operations 
have  been  so  called.  1.  The  Csesarean  Section. 
2.  An  incision  made  into  the  abdomen  for  the 
purpose  of  removing  some  internal  strangulation 
or  volvulus ;  or  to  reduce  hernia,  Laparot'omi/  : 
and,  3.  The  opening  made  in  the  stomach,  to  re- 
move a  foreign  body  which  has  passed  into  it 
through  the  oesophagus. 

GASTRYPERNEU'RIA,  from  yatrr^jp,  'sto- 
mach,' 'virep,  '  above,'  and  vevpov,  '  a  nerve.'  Mor- 
bidly increased  activity  of  the  nerves  of  the 
stomach. 

GATEAU  FEBRILE,  Ague  cake. 
GATTILIER,  Vitex. 
GAUDIA  F(EDA,  Masturbation. 
GAULTHE'RIA,  G.  seu  Gualthe'ria  procum'- 
lu'DS,  Gautie'ra  repens,  Mountain  Tea,  Partridge 
Berry,  Berried  Tea,  GrouBeherry,Deerherry,  Spice 
Jf'rry,  Tea  herry.Red  terry,  Wintergreen,Red  herry 
7'f:a,  Ground  berry.  Ground  ivy.  Ground  holly.  Hill 
hprry.  Box  berry,  Chequer  berry.     An  American 
plant,  which  is  one  of  the  principle  articles  of 
the  materia  medica  of  some  Indian  tribes.     The 
infusion  of  the  leaves  is  stimulant  and  anodyne, 
and  is  said  to  have  been  used,  with  advantage, 
in    asthma.     The    oil  —  Oleum   Gaultheriai,    Ph. 
F.  S., — is  used,  chiefly  on  account  of  its  pleasant 
flavour,  to  cover  the  taste  of  other  medicines. 
GAUNTLET,  Gantelet. 
GAUQUAVA,  Smilax  Chiti. 
GAUTIERA  REPENS,  Gaultheria. 
26 


GAT  FEATHER,  Liatris  spicata. 

GA  YA  0,  Gnaiacum. 
_  GAYLUSSAC'IA  RESINO'SA,  Vaccin'iumre.. 
sino'sum.    Black   Huckleberry.      An    indigenous 
plant,  whose  fruit  is  sweet  and  agreeable. 

GAZ,  Gas,  Air.  Van  Helmont  first  designated 
by  this  name,  —  the  etymology  of  which  is  un- 
known,—  the  carbonic  acid  developed  in  the  vi- 
nous fermentation.  Afterwards,  the  term  was 
appropriated  to  every  permanently  elastic  fluid  : 
that  is,  which  preserves  its  aeriform  state  at  all 
temperatures  :  and  ultimately  it  was  extended  to 
all  aeriform  bodies  j  —  which  were  divided  into 
permanent  and  non-permaent  gazes.  The  latter 
are  generally  termed  vapours  :  —  they  return  to 
the  liquid  state,  when  a  portion  of  their  caloric  is 
abstracted.  The  permanent  gazes,  or  gazes  pro- 
perly so  called,  are  numerous,  and  may  be  di- 
vided into  four  sections  with  regard  to  their 
efi'ects  on  the  animal  economy. 


r  Carbonic  acid,  ammoniacal 
!      gaz,    muriatic    acid    gaz, 
deutoxide  of  azote,  nitrous 
acid  gaz,  and  chlorine. 


1.  Irrcspirahle 

gazes. 

2.  Negatively  dele- 
terious gazes. 

3.  Positively  dele- 
terious gazes. 


Hydrogen,  azote. 

Oxygen,  protoxide  of  azote, 
carburetted  hydrogen,  car- 
bonic oxide,  sulphuretted 
hydrogen,  and  arseniuret- 
ted  hydrogen. 


It  is  proper  to  remark  that  the  term  respirable 
has  been  very  difi'erently  employed  by  difierent 
writers.  Sometimes  it  has  meant  the  power  of 
supporting  life  when  applied  to  the  blood  in  the 
lungs.  At  others,  all  gazes  have  been  deemed 
irrespirable,  which  are  incapable  of  being  intro- 
duced into  the  lungs  by  voluntary  efforts, — with- 
out any  relation  to  their  power  of  maintaining 
vitality ;  and  this  is  perhaps  the  best  sense.  The 
gazes  were,  at  one  time,  employed  in  medicine, 
under  great  expectations,  —  especially  by  the  en- 
thusiastic Beddoes;  but  they  are  now  scarcely 
ever  had  recourse  to.  They  differ,  considerably, 
in  their  efi'ects  on  the  animal  economy.  Some, 
as  oxygen,  are  exciting ;  others,  as  azote,  de- 
pressing ;  whilst  others,  again,  as  the  Protoxide 
of  azote  or  laughing  gas,  produce  the  most  sin- 
gular effects. 

Gaz,  Pul'jionart,  Gaz  of  the  lungs.  A  name 
given  to  the  expired  air;  which  contains — besides 
common  air,  an  increase  of  carbonic  acid,  water, 
and  some  animal  matter. 

Gaz  Sang'uinis,  Gaz  anima'le  san'guinis,  Haf- 
itus  san'guinis,  Aura  san'guinis,  Hcemat'mus. 
The  halitus,  or  vapour,  given  off  by  freshly 
drawn  blood. 

GAZELLE,  Antilopus. 

GEANT,  Giant. 

GEBARPULVEE,  Ergot. 

GEDE'OLA.  The  convex  part  of  the  liver.— 
Du  Cange. 

GEILNAU,  MINERAL  "WATERS  OF.  Geil- 
nau  is  a  village  in  the  grand  duchy  of  Nassau,  at 
no  great  distance  from  Frankfort.  The  waters 
contain  carbonic  acid,  carbonate,  sulphate,  and 
phosphate  of  soda,  chloride  of  sodium,  carbonate 
of  lime,  magnesia,  and  iron. 

GEISMAR,  MINERAL  "WATERS  OF.  Tho 
mineral  waters  of  Geismar,  in  Bavaria,  are  aci- 
dulous chalybeates. 

GEISUM,  Geison.  The  part  of  the  frontal 
bone  over  the  eyes. 

GELAPPIUM,  Convolvulus  jalapa. 

GELASINI  DENTES,  Incisive  teeth 


GELASMUS 


402 


GENERATION" 


GELASMUS,  Canine  laugh. 

GBL'ATIN,  Gel'atine,  Gelatina,  Galreda,  from 
(F.)  GeJee,  'gelly  or  jelly.'  An  immediate  ani- 
mal principle.  It  is  semitransparent,  insipid,  in- 
odorous, insoluble  in  cold  water,  very  soluble  in 
hot,  which  it  thickens,  and  transforms  into  gelly 
on  cooling.  Gelatin  is  a  very  nutritious  sub- 
stance ;  and,  when  dissolved  in  a  considerable 
quantity  of  water,  forms  an  emollient  fluid,  much 
used  in  therapeutics,  but  not  the  most  easy  of 
digestion. 

Gelati??  of  Wharton,  Gelatina  Whartoma'na, 
Jelly  of  tee  Cord.  A  soft,  dense,  fluid,  gelatinous 
substance,  which  envelops  the  umbilical  cord,  and 
is  conceived,  by  some,  to  be  inservient  to  the  nu- 
trition of  the  fcetus. 

GELATINA  AQUATICA,  Brasenia  hydro- 
peltis. 

GELATIO,  Congelation. 

GELEE,  Gelly. 

GELLY.  Jelly,  Jus  gela'tum,  Gelti,  Jus  coagti- 
la'ttim,  (F.)  Gelee.  A  substance  of  a  soft  eon- 
gistence,  tremulous,  and  transparent,  which  is 
obtained  by  an  appropriate  treatment,  from  ani- 
mal and  vegetable  matters:  hence  the  distinction 
into  animal  and  vegetable  Jelly.  The  former  is 
merely  a  concentrated  solution  of  gelatin,  left  to 
cool. 

Vegetable  Jelly  is  found  in  the  juice  of  the  cur- 
rant, mulberry,  and  of  almost  all  acid  fruits,  when 
ripe.  It  is  of  itself  colourless,  but  almost  always 
retains  a  little  colouring  matter  of  the  fruit  which 
has  furnished  it.  It  has  an  agreeable  taste ;  is 
scarcely  soluble  in  cold  water,  but  boiling  water 
dissolves  it  readily  :  the  jelly  is,  however,  almost 
all  deposited  on  cooling.  If  this  aqueous  solution 
be  boiled  for  a  long  time,  it  becomes  analogous 
to  mucilage,  and  loses  the  property  of  being  jel- 
lied on  cooling. 

GELSEMI'NUM  NIT'IDUM,  Yelhtc  Jes'sa- 
mine.  The  flowers,  root,  &c.,  of  this  shrub,  are 
narcotic,  and  the  effluvia  from  the  former  are  said 
sometimes  to  induce  stupor. 

GELU,  Gelly. 

GELUS,  Risus. 

GEMELLI,  Gastrocnemii,  Ischio-troehanteri- 
Mius,  Testicles. 

GEMEL'LUS,  Gem'inus,  Did'ymiis,  '  a  twin.' 
(F.)  Jumeau,  Jumelle,  Besson,  Bcssonne.  One  of 
two  children,  twins,  born  at  the  same  aecouehe- 
raent,  or  gestation.  Also,  relating  to  twins,  as 
'  ■  a  twin  conception." 

Gemellus  Mus'ctjlus.  Cowpej-  applies  this 
name  to  the  long  portion  of  the  triceps  brachialis 
united  to  the  inner  portion. 

GEMINI,  Ischio-trochanterianus,  Testicles. 

GEMINUM  CENTRUM  SEMICIRCULARE, 
Tasnia  semicireularis. 

GEMINUS,  Gemellus. 

GEMIPOMA,  Mamma. 

GEMISSEMENT,  see  Moaning. 

GEMMA,  Granulation — g.  Oculi,  Crystalline. 

GEMMATION,  GENERATION  BY,  see  Ge- 
neration. 

GEMMTPARTTE,  see  Generation. 

GEMMIPAROUS,  see  Generation. 

GEMUR'SA,  a  corn;  also  a  name  given  hy 
the  ancients  to  a  disease  seated  between  the  toes; 
—the  nature  of  which  is  unknown  to  us. 

GEN,  Gen'eais,  '  generation,'  from  ytvi-aw,  '  I 
make.'     Hence  Hydrogen,  Osteogeny,  &c. 

GENA.  The  Cheek,  Genys,  Parei'a,  Gamphe, 
(Jamphe'le,  Gnathos,  Gnathmua,  Mala,  (F.)  Jove. 
The  cheeks  form  the  lateral  part?  of  the  mouth. 
Externally,  they  have  no  precise  limits :  thoy  are 
continuous,  <(j>.'cc  with  the  lower  eyelid;  below, 


they  descend  as  far  as  the  base  of  the  jaw ;  he/ore, 
they  terminate  at  the  alse  nasi,  and  at  the  com- 
missures of  the  lips ;  and  behind,  at  the  ear. 
Their  thickness  varies,  according  to  the  degree 
of  fatness  of  the  individual.  They  are  formed  of 
three  layers  ;  —  one  dermoid,  another  muscular, 
and  the  third  mucous. 

GENCIVES,  Gingivae. 

GENEI'AS,  Lanu'go prima,  Probar'bium.  The 
downy  hairs,  which  first  cover  the  cheek.  Also, 
a  bandage  which  passes  under  the  chin. 

GENEION,  Beard,  Mentum. 

GE^NERAL  ANATOMY,  see  Anatomy. 

GENERALE,  Influenza. 

GENERATIO,  Generation — g.  .^quivoea,  see 
Generation  —  g.  Calculi,  Lithia — g.  Homogenea, 
see  Generation  —  g.  Primigena,  see  Generation— 
g.  Primitiva,  see  Generation  —  g.  Originaria,  see 
Generation — g.  Spontanea,  see  Generation. 

GENERATION,  Genera'tio,  Gen'esis,  Genne'- 
sis.  Gone,  Gonua,  Procrea'tio,  Procreation,  Breed- 
ing, from  yivu>,  or' ytwaw,  'I  engender.'  Under 
this  name  physiologists  comprehend  the  aggre- 
gate of  functions,  which  concur,  in  organized 
beings,  towards  the  production  of  their  kind. 
The  act  of  generation  means  the  union  of  the 
sexes.  See  Coition.  The  writers  of  antiquity 
believed,  that  all  organized  bodies  are  produced 
either  by  what  is  termed  xmiv'ocal  or  regular  ge- 
neration, Homogen  'eeis,  genera  'tio  homogen  'ea, 
propaga'tio,  which  applies  to  the  upper  classes 
of  animals  and  vegetables,  or  by  spontaneous  ge- 
neration, Autogon'ia,  heterogen'esis,  generatio  he- 
terogen'ea,  cBC/uiv'oca,  primiti'va,  primig"ena, 
origina'ria,  sponta'nea,  sponteparite  (Duges), 
which  they  considered  applicable  to  the  very 
lowest  classes  only,  as  the  mushroom,  the  worm, 
the  frog,  &c.  There  are  still  many  distinguished 
naturalists  who  consider  that  beings  low  in  the 
scale  of  animality,  are  produced  in  the  latt«r 
way.  Spontaneous  genevBitioii  emd  equivocal  ge- 
neration have  been  regarded  by  many  to  be  sy- 
nonymous. Others,  however,  mean  by  sponta- 
taneous  generation,  the  production  of  anew  being 
from  the  mere  combination  of  inorganic  elements  ; 
whilst  by  equivocal  generation  they  understand 
the  evolution  of  a  new  being  from  organized 
beings  dissimilar  to  themselves,  through  some  ir- 
regularity in  their  functions,  or  through  the  inci- 
pient decay  or  degeneration  of  their  tissues.  As 
to  the  mode  in  which  regular  generation  is  ac- 
complished, there  have  been  many  views.  Ao- 
eording  to  the  doctrine  of  Hippocrates,  and  of  the 
ancient  philosophers,  the  ovaries  of  the  female 
furnish  a  prolific  fluid,  similar  to  that  of  the  male; 
and  the  fcetus  results  from  the  mixture  of  the  two 
seeds  in  copulation.  Steno  and  others  conceived, 
that  the  ovaries  contain  ova,  which  are  not  de- 
veloped until  vivified  by  the  male  sperm.  Bonnet 
and  Spallanzani  believed  in  the  pre-existence  of 
germs,  created  since  the  origin  of  the  world,  but 
encased  in  each  other,  and  becoming  developed 
in  succession;  whence  it  would  follow  that  the 
ovary  of  the  first  female  must  have  contained 
the  germs  of  all  subsequent  generations  :  and  that 
the  number  of  these  germs  must  go  on  always 
diminishing,  until  ultimatel3f  extinct.  This  ■was 
the  system  of  the  evolution  of  germs.  Accordinpf 
to  Leeuenhoek,  the  ovaries  do  not  contain  eggs, 
but  vesicles  destined  to  receive  animalcules; 
which,  in  his  view,  live  in  the  sperm.  Tliousand.«i 
of  tliesc  animalcules  are  thrown  into  the  uterus 
during  copulation,  and  the  most  expeditious  and 
vigorous  reaches  the  ovary,  after  having  scattered 
and  destroj'ed  its  competitors.  Buffon  —  admit- 
ting (he  hypothesis  of  the  two  seeds  —  supposed 
that  they  were  formed  of  molecules  proceeding 


GENEROUS 


403 


GENITAL 


from  every  part  of  the  body  of  each  parent;  and 
that,  by  a  kind  of  elective  affinity,  those  which 
were  furnished  by  the  head,  the  trunk,  or  the  ex- 
tremities of  the  male  parent,  could  only  unite 
with  those  proceeding  from  the  jame  parts  of  the 
female.  Before  him,  Maupertuis,  admitting,  with 
many  of  the  ancient  philosophers,  the  system  of 
Epigenesis,  and  adopting,  as  regarded  the  com- 
position of  the  sperm,  a  theory  analogous  to  that 
of  Buifon,  had  supposed  that  the  molecules,  ca-- 
pable  of  being  organized,  were  attracted  towards 
a  centre ;  that  the  nose  attracts  the  two  eyes ; 
the  body,  the  arms;  the  arms,  the  hands,  <fec., 
nearly  as  the  particles  of  a  salt,  dissolved  in  a 
liquid,  arrange  themselves  in  regular  crystals 
around  the  same  nucleus.  These  and  various 
other  systems  have  been  successively  proposed 
and  abandoned,  and  the  mystery  of  generation 
remains  impenetrable. 

The  simplest  kind  of  reproduction  does  not  re- 
quire sexual  organs.  The  animal  separates  into 
several  fragments,  which  form  so  many  new  indi- 
viduals. This  is  Fissip'arous  generation,  Fissi- 
parism,  G.  from  fission,  (F.)  Fissiparite,  Scissi- 
parite.  Gemmip'arous  generation,  (F.)  Gemmipa- 
rite,  consists  in  the  formation  of  buds,  sporules  or 
germs  on  some  part  of  the  body,  which  at  a  par- 
ticular period  drop  off  and  form  as  many  new 
individuals.  In  Ovip'arous  generation,  (F.)  Ovi- 
parit^,  the  egg  is  hatched  out  of  the  body.  In 
ovovivip'aroiis  generation,  the  new  being  is 
hatched  in  the  excretory  passages.  In  vivipj'a- 
rous  generation,  the  new  individual  is  born  under 
its  appropriate  form ;  and  in  marmi'pial  or  mar- 
m(piate  generation,  the  young  being,  born  at  a 
very  early  stage  of  development,  is  received  and 
nourished  in  a  7nar8upium  or  Tpondh.  In  alternate 
generation,  the  young  not  only  do  not  resemble 
the  parent  at  birth,  but  remain  dissimilar  during 
their  whole  life,  so  that  their  relationship  is  not 
apparent  until  a  succeeding  generation.  Thus, 
the  cercaria  undergoes  a  change  into  the  distoma. 

All  the  acts  comprising  the  function  of  genera- 
tion in  man  may  be  referred  to  five  great  heads. 
1.  Copulation.  2.  Conception  or  fecundation. 
3.  Gestation  or  Pregnancy.  4.  Delivery  or  Ac- 
couchement: and,  5.  Lactation. 

Generation,  Act  of,  see  Generation — g.  Equi- 
vocal, see  Generation — g.  by  Fission,  see  Genera- 
tion— g.  Fissiparous,  see  Generation — g.  by  Gem- 
mation, see  Generation  —  g.  Gemmiparous,  see 
Generation  —  g.  Marsupial,  see  Generation  —  g. 
Organs  of,  female,  see  Vulva — g.  Oviparous,  see 
Generation — g.  Regular,  see  Generation — g.  Spon- 
taneous, see  Generation — g.  Univocal,  see  Gene- 
ration— g.  Viviparous,  see  Generation. 

GEN'EROUS,  Genero'sus.  A  name  given  to 
wines  which  contain  a  great  quantity  of  alcohol. 

GENESIOL'OGY,  Genesiolog"ia,  from  ysvetng, 
'  generation,'  and  \oyog,  '  a  discourse.'  The  doc- 
trine of  generation. 

GENESIQUE,  LE,  Appetite,  venereal. 

GENESIS,  Generation. 

GENET,  Spartium  scoparium  —  g.  d,  Balai, 
Spartium  scoparium — g.  des  Teinturiers,  Genista 
tinctoria. 

GE]SfETHLIACUS,fromytv£eXtof,'nata.l,"per- 
taining  to  nativity.'  A  name  given  by  the  an- 
cients to  certain  astrologers,  who,  from  the  state 
of  the  heavens  at  the  time  of  the  birth  of  an  in- 
dividual, predicted  his  future  character  and  the 
events  of  his  life. 

GENET'ICA,  from  yEvto-tf, 'origin,'  'rise.'  Dis- 
eases of  the  sexual  functions :  the  6th  class  in 
Good's  Nosology.  Also,  agents  that  act  on  the 
sexual  organs. — Pereira. 

GBNETICOS,  Genital. 


GENEVA,  Gin— g.  Hollands,  see  Spirit. 
GENEVRIER,  Juniperus  communis. 
GENGIVITE,  Ulitis. 
GENI,  Genian. 

GE'NIAN,  Genia'nhs,  Ge'nial,  from  ycvtiov, 
'the  chin.'  The  Genian  apopth'ysis  or  Process, 
(F.)  Apophyse  genienne  ou  geni,  is  situate  at  the 
posterior  part  of  the  symphysis  menti,  and  is 
formed  of  four  small  tubercles. 

GENICULATUM,  see  Corpora  geniculata. 
GENIE,  Ge'nius.  The  French  sometimes  ap- 
ply this  term  to  diseases  nearly  synonymously 
with  nature;  as  Genie  inflammatoire,  G.  hilieuj:, 
G.  adynamique.  Some  use  it  in  the  same  sense 
as  type  ;  Genie  intermittent.  The  unwonted  pre- 
dominance of  any  mental  faculty  is  also  so  called. 
GENIEN,  Genian. 

GENlilVRE,  Gin,  Juniperis  communis  (the 
berry.) 

GENI'OGLOSSUS,  Genio-hyoglos'sus,  from 
ytvsLov,  'the  chin,'  and  Xywcro-a,  'the  tongue.' 
Mesoglossus,  Ilesoglot' txts,  Nontis  lingucb  mus'cii- 
lus.  The  name  of  a  flat,  triangular  muscle, 
which  extends  from  the  genian  apophysis  to  the 
inferior  surface  of  the  os  hyoides  and  tongue, 
which  it  carries  forward. 

GENIOHYODES,  Geniohyoideus. 
GENIOHYOGLOSSUS,  Genioglossus. 
GENIOHYOIDES,  Geniohyoideus. 
G'E'NI'OB.YOlI)EUS,Gemohyo'des,Ge7rtohyoi'- 
des,  Mento-hicorn' eus,  from  yevetov,  '  the  chin,'  and 
'voeiSns,  'the  os  hyoides.'     A  muscle  which  arises 
from  the  genian  apophysis,  and  is  inserted  at  the 
anterior  part  of  the  body  of  the  os  hyoides.     Its 
use  is  to  raise  the  os  hyoides,  and  carry  it  for- 
wards.    It  may,  also,  contribute  to  depress  the 
lower  jaw  in  contracting  towards  the  os  hyoides. 
GENI'O-PHARYNGE'US,  from  yr.veiov,  'the 
chin,'  and  (pafivy^,  '  the  pharynx.'    A  name  given, 
by  some  anatomists,  to  a  bundle  of  fibres  which 
passes  from  the  lower  jaw  to  the  sides  of  the  pha- 
rynx, and  forms  part  of  the  constrictor  pkaryngis 
superior. 

GEN'IPA  OBLONGIFO'LIA,  Ruito.  A  plant 
of  Peru,  with  the  juice  of  which  the  Indians  paint 
their  legs,  to  protect  them  against  the  stings  of 
insects. 

GENIPI  ALBUM,  Artemisia  rupestris  —  g. 
Blanc,  Artemisia  rupestris  —  g.  Verum,  Achillea 
atrata. 

GENISTA,  Spartium  scoparium — g.  Canarien- 
sis,  see  Rhodium  lignum  —  g.  Hirsuta,  Spartium 
scoparium — g.  Scoparia,  Spartium  scoparium. 

Genis'ta  Spino'sa  In'dica,  Bahel  Schulli.  An 
oriental  tree,  a  decoction  of  the  roots  of  which  is 
diuretic.  The  leaves  boiled  in  vinegar  have  the 
same  effect. — Ray. 

Genis'ta  Tincto'eia,  Genisto'i'des  tincto'ria, 
Spar'tittm  tincto'rium,  Dyers'  broom,  Dyers'  weed, 
Green  weed.  Wood  waxen,  (F.)  Genet  des  Teintu- 
riers. A  shrub  cultivated  in  this  country  and  in 
Europe.  The  flowering  tops  and  seed  have  been 
used  in  medicine.  It  has  the  same  properties  as 
Spartium  scoparium. 

GENISTOIDES  TINCTORIA,  Genista  tinc- 
toria. 

GEN'ITAL,  Genita'lis,  Genet'icos.  Same  ety- 
mon as  Generation.  That  which  belongs  to  sre 
neration. 

Gen'itAL  Organs,  Sex'ual  Organs,  Puden'du, 
Natura'lia,  Natu'ra,  JSda'a,  Me'zea,  Me'sa,  Mo'- 
rion.  Genital  parts,  Noble  parts,  Nat'ural  partu. 
Private  parts,  Priv'ities,  Privy  parts.  Privy 
Members,  the  Parts,  Pars,  Pars  corporis  sen 
obsccB'na,  Fores,  Partes  genita'les  sen  genera- 
tio'ni  inservien'tes,  P.  obscmna.  Me' iea,  Veren'- 
1  da,  Pedes,  Inguen,  Genita'lia,  Gennet'ica.  Gynmfh 


GEIS'ITALE 


404 


GENYANTRITIS 


Memhra  puden'da,  Or'gana  generatio'ni  inser- 
vientia,  (F.)  Organes  gSnitaux,  Parties  ghiiudes, 
P.  honteuaes,  P.  genitoires,  P.  nobles,  P.  sex- 
uelles,  P.  naturelles,  Lea  Parties.  The  parts  that 
are  inservient  to  the  reproduction  of  the  species. 
These  are  very  different  in  the  male  and  female. 
In  man,  they  are  numerous ;  some  secreting  the 
$perm,  as  the  testicles  and  their  appendages,- 
ochers  retaining  it,  as  the  vesiculse  seminales; 
and  another  for  carrying  it  into  the  organs  of  the 
fumale, — the  penis.  In  the  female,  the  parts  of 
generation  form  an  apparatus,  perhaps  more  com- 
plicated than  that  of  the  male.  Some  are  incer- 
vient  to  copulation,  as  the  vulra,  vagina,  &c. ; 
others  to  conception  and  the  preservation  of  the 
product  for  a  determinate  time,  as  the  uterus  and 
its  appendages ;  whilst  others  concur  in  the  ali- 
mentation of  the  infant  afterbirth,  as  the  mammae. 

GENITALE,  Sperm— g.  Caput,  Glans. 

GENITALIA,  Genital  organs  — g.  Viri,  Pudi- 
bilia. 

GEN'ITO-CRURAL  NERVE,  Nervus  gen'ito- 
crura'lis,  Suhpu'bial  nerve,  Inter'nal  in'guinal 
nerve.  A  branch  of  the  second  lumbar  nerve, 
which  passes  through  the  psoas  muscle,  and,  ap- 
proaching the  femoral  arch,  divides  into  two 
tranches, — an  internal,  scrotal,  or  gen'ital,  nervus 
spermaticua-  seu  puden'dus  exter'nus,  and  an  ex- 
ternal OT  femoral  cutaneous  branch,  lumbo-ingui- 
nalis. 

GENITU'RA.  That  which  is  fecundated  or 
engendered  in  the  maternal  womb.  This  word 
has  been  used  synonymously  with  embryo,  fcetus, 
and  infant.  Also,  the  sperm;  and  the  penis.  See 
Gone. 

GENIUM,  Mentum. 

GENNESIS,  Generation. 

GENNETICA,  Genital  Organs. 

GENNETICOCNES'MUS,  from  yewriTiKo;, 
'genital,'  and  Kvtiafios,  'itching.'  Itching  of  the 
genital  organs. 

GENNETICON'OSI,  Gennetieonu'si,  from 
yivvriTiKOi,  'genital,'  and  voao;^  'disease.'  Dis- 
eases of  the  genitals. 

GENOA,  CLIMATE  OF.  The  climate  of  this 
Italian  city  and  its  vicinity  has  been  often  select- 
ed as  favourable  for  the  phthisical  valetudinarian 
during  the  winter ;  but  it  is  now  admitted  to  be 
decidedly  improper  for  pulmonary  aflfections, 
being  subject  to  frequent  and  rapid  changes  of 
temperature,  and  to  dry  cold  winds  from  the 
north,  alternately  with  warm  moist  winds  from 
the  south-east. — Sir  James  Clark. 

GENONU'SI,  Morbi  sexus,  from  yivog,  'sex,' 
and  vovcos,  '  disease.'     Sexual  diseases. 

6EN0S,  Sex. 

GE^NOU,  Genu. 

GENOTJILLES,  (Corps,)  Corpora  genioulata. 

GENRE,  Genus. 

GENSANG,  Panax  quinquefolium. 

GENTIA,  Gentianina. 

GENTIAN,  Gentiana  lutea,  Triosteum  —  g. 
Blue,  Gentiana  catesbsei — g.  Catesbian,  Gentiana 
catesbaei  —  g.  White,  Laserpitium  latifolium  —  g. 
iSouthern,  Gentiana  catesbaei  —  g.  White,  Trios- 
teum— g.  Yellow,  Gentiana  lutea,  see  Calumba. 

GENTIANA,  G.  lutea  —  g.  Alba,  Laserpitium 
latifolium  —  g.  Cachenlaguen,  Chironia  Chilensis 
— -g.  Centaurium,  Chironia  centaurium. 

Gkntiana  Catesb^'i  ;  G.  Gateabia'na,  Blue 
Gvntian,  U.  S.,  Catesbian  Gen'tian,  Southern 
Gentian,  Bluebells,  Bitterroot.  It  is  a  pure  and 
8imple  bitter,  and  the  root  may  be  used  wherever 
that  of  the  Gentiana  lutea  is  proper. 

Qentia'na  Chirayta,  G.  Chirayi'ta,  Henrioe'a 
I'harmacear'cha,  Svjer'tia,  Chirayi'ta,  Agntho'tes 
^hirai/i'ta,  Ophe'lia  chira'ta,  Chiret'ta,  Chirayi'- 


ta, Chirae'ta.  A  native  of  India,  which  has  been 
much  employed  in  that  country,  in  dyspepsia, 
and  as  an  antiperiodic  in  intermittents.  It  is 
preferred  by  some  to  sarsaparilla,  where  the  lat- 
ter is  considered  to  be  indicated,  —  as  after  large 
quantities  of  mercury  have  been  taken,  or  where 
profuse  salivation  has  been  induced.  It  has  also 
been  advised  in  atonic  leucorrhoea.  It  yields  its 
virtues  to  alcohol  and  water. 

Gentiana  Crinita,  see  G.  quinqueflora — g.  Ge- 
rardi,  Chironia  centaurium. 

Gentia'na  Lu'tea.  The  systematic  name  of 
the  officinal  gentian ;  Gentia'na,  Gentia'na  ma- 
jor, G.  vet'erum,  Gentia'na  rubra,  Swer'tia  lu'tea, 
Aste'rias  lu'tea.  Yellow  Gentian,  Fehcort.  Ord. 
Gentianese.  (F.)  Gentiane  jdune.  This  is  a 
plant  common  in  the  mountains  of  Europe.  The 
root  is  almost  inodorous,  extremely  bitter,  and 
yields  its  virtues  to  ether,  alcohol,  and  water.  It 
is  tonic  and  stomachic ;  and  in  large  doses,  ape- 
rient. Dose,  gr.  x.  to  Qij.  It  is  most  frequently, 
however,  used  in  infusion  or  tincture. 

Gentiana  Major,  G.  lutea — g.  Peruviana,  Chi- 
ronia Chilensis. 

Gentia'na  Quinqueflo'ra,  Five-flowered  Gen- 
tian; and  G'esiia.'jukQb.wi'ta,  Fringed  Gentian, 
indigenous,  are  possessed  of  like  virtues. 

Gentiana  Rubra,  G.  lutea  —  g.  Veterum,  G. 
lutea. 

GENTIANE  JAUNE,  Gentiana  lutea. 

GENTIANI'NA,  Gentianine,  Gentianin,  Gen- 
tia'nia,  Gentia.  A  supposed  neutral  substance, 
obtained  from  gentian,  and,  by  some,  presumed 
to  be  its  active  principle.     It  is  not  so. 

GENTILITIUS,  Hereditary. 

GENU,  Gony,  yow,  (F.)  Genou.  The  articula- 
tion of  the  leg  with  the  thigh  ; — the  Femoro-tihial 
or  knee-joint,  the  knee.  It  is  the  most  compli- 
cated in  the  body,  and  is  formed  by  the  inferior 
extremity  of  the  femur,  the  superior  extremity 
of  the  tibia,  and  the  rotula.  The  articular  sur- 
faces of  the  bones  are  covered  by  layers  of  carti- 
lage— more  or  less  thick — and  by  the  synovial 
membrane  of  the  articulation.  The  soft  parts  of 
this  joint  are, — the  ligamentum  patellcB,  two  late- 
ral ligaments,  distinguished  by  the  names  inter- 
nal and  external;  a  posterior  ligament,  Ligamen'- 
tumposti'cum  Winslow'ii ;  two  crucial  ligaments, 
— the  one  anterior,  and  the  other  posterior;  two 
interarticular  fibro-cartilages ;  some  albugineous 
fibres, which  form  an  imperfect  capsule,  <fec.  The 
knee  receives  its  arteries  from  the  femoral  and 
popliteal.  They  bear  the  name  articidar.  Its 
veins  have  the  same  distribution  as  the  arteries, 
and  discharge  their  blood  into  the  saphena  and 
crural.  Its  nerves  are  furnished  by  the  sciatic, 
popliteal,  and  crural.  The  joint  is  protected  by 
the  tendons  and  muscles  which  surround  it. 

The  French  use  the  term  Articulation  en  genoa 
for  a  joint,  in  which  the  head  of  a  bone  is  received 
into  a  bony  cavity  of  another,  where  it  rolls  and 
moves  in  all  directions. 

Genu  Corporis  Callosi,  see  Corpus  callosum. 

GENUGRA,  Gonagra. 

GENUINUS,  Legitimate. 

GENUS,  (F.)  Genre.  A  collection  or  group  of 
species,  analogous  to  each  other,  and  which  can 
be  united  by  common  characters.  When  a  spe- 
cies cannot  be  referred  to  a  known  genus,  it  con- 
stitutes a  distinct  one. 

Genus  Curationis,  Ratio  medendi. 

GENYANTRAL'GIA,  from  ytvuov,  'the  max- 
Ula,'  avrpov,  'the  antrum,  and  aXyoj,  'pain.'  Pain 
in  the  antrum  of  Highmore. 

GENYANTRI'TIS.from  ytveiov,  'the  maxilla,' 
avTpov,  '  the  antnim,'  and  itis,  denoting  inflamma- 
tion.    Inflammation  of  the  antrum  of  Highmore. 


GENYANTRUM 


405 


&EUM 


GENY ANTRUM,  Antrum  of  Highmore. 

GENTOCYNANCHE,  Cynanche  parotidasa. 

GENYS,  ytvvs,  '  the  jaw ;'  also  the  chin.  See 
Gen  a. 

GEOFFR^'A  INER'MIS,  G.  racemo'sa  seu 
Piso'nis  seu  Jamaicen'sis,  Vouacap'oua  America' - 
na,  Geoff rm' a,  Geoffroy' a,  Gahhag"ium,  Cabbage 
Tree,  Cabbage  Bark  Tree,  Worm-Bark  Tree,  An- 
di'ra  inerm'is  seu  racemo'sa.  Nat.  Ord.  Legu- 
minosaB.  Sex.  Syst.  Diadelphia  Decandria.  The 
odour  of  the  bark  is  very  unpleasant.  It  is  an- 
thelmintic and  cathartic.     Dose  of  the  powder, 

9J  to  9ij- 

GEOFPRiEA  Jamaicensis,  G.  inermis — g.  Piso- 
nis,  G.  inermis — g.  Raeemosa,  G.  inermis. 

GEOFrR^'A  Surinamen'sis,  Andi'ra  Surina- 
rnen'sis,  has  similar  properties. 

Huttenschmidt  has  separated  their  active  prin- 
ciples, to  which  he  has  given  the  names  Jamai- 
dne  and  Surinamine.     They  are  all  alkaline. 

Geopfr^A  Veemip'uga,  Andira  ibai,  Arriba, 
Skolemo'ra  Fernambucensis ;  a  South  American 
plant  has  a  fruit,  the  almond  of  which,  called 
angeline,  has  a  reputation  at  Rio  Janeiro  as  a 
vermifuge.  Dose,  a  grain  to  fifteen ;  or  it  may 
be  given  in  infusion. 

GEOFPROYA,  Geoffrsea  inermis  —  g.  Jamai- 
censis, G.  inermis. 

GEOG'RAPHY,  MED'ICAL,  Geogra'pMa 
Med'ica.  The  description  of  the  surface  of  the 
globe  as  regards  the  influence  of  situation  on  the 
health,  vital  functions,  and  diseases  of  its  inha- 
bitants— vegetable  and  animal;  but  principally 
on  those  of  man. 

GEOPH'AGISM,  Geophag"ia,  GeBopJiag"{a, 
from  yv,  '  earth,'  and  fpayw,  '  I  eat.'  The  act  or 
practice  of  eating  earth.     See  Chthonophagia. 

GER^OLOG"IA,  Geratolog" ia,  from  ynpag, 
'  old  age,'  and  \oyog,  '  a  discourse.'  The  doctrine, 
or  a  description,  of  old  age. 

GER'ANIS,  from  ycpavos,  'a  crane,' which  it 
resembled.  A  bandage,  used  by  the  ancients  in 
cases  of  fractured  clavicle.  Some  authors  attri- 
bute it  to  Hippocrates ;  others,  to  Perigenes. 

GERA'NIUM,  same  etymon,  because  its  pistil 
is  long,  like  the  bill  of  the  crane.  The  Crane's 
Bill. 

Geranium  Fcetidtjm,  G.  Robertianum — g.  Ma- 
culatum,  see  Geranium,  and  G.  Moschatum. 

Geranium  Moscha'tum;  Erod'ium  3IoscJia- 
tum,  (F.}  Bee  de  grue  mugqne.  A  European 
plant,  esteemed  to  be  excitant  and  diaphoretic. 

Geranium  Noveboracense,  G.  Maculatum — 
g.  Purpureum,  G.  Robertianum. 

Geranium  Robertia'num  ;  G.  foe'tidum  seu 
purpu'reum,  Stinking  Crane's  Bill,  Herb  Robert, 
(F. )  Herbe  d,  Robert,  Bee  de  Grve  Robertin. 
This  plant  was,  at  one  time,  used  as  an  antispas- 
modic and  slight  stimulant,  as  well  as  for  an  ex- 
ternal application  in  various  painful  sores  and 
inflammations. 

Most  of  the  species  of  geranium  have  been  used 
as  astringents.  In  some  of  the  northwestern 
parts  of  the  United  States,  the  root  of  the  Gera- 
nium macula' turn — Gera'nium,  (Ph.  U.  S.) — G. 
Noveboracen'ae,  Spotted  Crane's  Bill,  Crowfoot, 
Alnm  root,  Tormentil,  Stork  bill — is  called  Racine 
a.  Becquet,  after  a  person  of  that  name.  It  is 
highly  extolled  by  the  Western  Indians  as  an  an- 
tisyphilitic. 

GERAS,  Senectus. 

GERM,  Germen,  Blaste,  Blaste'ma.  The  rudi- 
ment of  a  new  being,  not  yet  developed,  or  which 
is  still  adherent  to  the  mother. 

Germ  Force,  Plastic  force. 

GERMANDER,  COMMON,  Teucrium  cha- 
meedrys — g.  Creeping,  Teucrium  chamaedrys — g. 


Marum,  Teucrium  marum  —  g.  Small,  Teucrium 
chamffidrys — g.  Water,  Teucrium  scordium. 

GERMANBREE  AQUATIQUE,  Teucrium 
scordium  —  g.  Maritime,  Teucrium  marum — g. 
Officinale,  Teucrium  chamaedrys  —  g.  Scorodane, 
Teucrium  scordium. 

GERME  FAUX,  Conception,  false. 

GERMEN,  Germ,  Sperm  —  g.  Dentale,  Dental 
Pulp — g.  Falsum,  Mole — g.  Spurium,  Conception, 
false. 

GERMINAL  CELL,  see  Cytoblast— g.  Mem- 
brane and  Vesicle;  see  Molecule  —  g.  Nucleus, 
see  Molecule — g.  Spot,  see  Molecule — g.  Vesicle, 
see  Molecule. 

GERMS,  DISSEMINATION  OF,  Panspermia. 

GEROBOS'CIA,  Gerontobos'cia,  from  ymag, 
'old  age,'  and  jSoc-Ktj,  'food.'  Nourishment  or 
maintenance  proper  for  the  aged. 

GEROCOMEUM,  Geroeon^ium. 

GEROCO'MIA,  Gerocom'ice,  Gerontocom' ice, 
from  ycpuv,  'an  aged  person,'  and  Kofxuv,  'to  take 
care  of.'  The  part  of  medicine  whose  object  ia 
the  preservation  of  the  health  of  the  aged :  —  the 
hygiene  of  old  people. 

GEROCOMICE,  Gerocomia. 

GEROCOMI'UM,  Gerocome'nm,  Presbyodo- 
chi'um,  Gerontocomi' um,  Gerotrophe'um,  same  ety- 
mon.    An  hospital  for  the  aged. 

GEROFLE,  see  Eugenia  caryophyllata. 

GEROFLEE  JAUNE,  Cheiranthus  cheiri. 

GERONTATROPHIA,  Marasmus  senilis. 

GERONTOBOSCIA,  Geroboscia. 

GERONTOCOMICE,  Gerocomia. 

GERONTOCOMIUM,  Gerocomium. 

GERONTO'PIA,  from  yvpa^,  'old  age,'  and 
wi//,  '  the  eye.'     Weakness  of  sight  of  the  aged. 

GERONTOTOXON,  Gerotoxon. 

GERONTOXON,  Gerotoxon. 

GEROTOX'ON,  Gerontox'on,  Gerontotox'on, 
3fac'ida  cor'necB  arciia'ta,  Arcus  seni'lis;  from 
ytpiav,  '  an  old  person,'  and  to^ov,  '  a  bow.'  A 
bow-shaped  obscurity  at  the  under  margin  of  the 
cornea,  common  to  old  people. 

GEROTROPHEUM,  Gerocomium. 

GEROTROPHIA,  Geroboscia. 

GERSA,  Plumbi  subcarbonas — g.  Serpentarise, 
see  Arum  maculatum. 

GESTA,  'things  done,'  from  gerere,  gestum, 
'to  do,'  'carry.'  A  Latin  term,  introduced  by 
Halle  into  medical  language,  to  designate,  among 
the  objects  which  belong  to  hygiene,  the  func- 
tions which  consist  in  the  voluntary  movements 
of  muscles  and  organs.  In  the  class  Gesta  are 
found  sleep,  the  waking  state,  movements  or  loco- 
motion,  and  rest. 

GESTA'TION,  Gesta'tio,  Phora,  from  gestare, 
'  to  carry.'  The  time  during  which  a  female  who 
has  conceived  carries  the  embryo  in  her  uterus. 
See  Pregnancy.  Gestation,  likewise,  signifies  the 
bearing  or  carrying  of  an  individual;  a  kind  of 
exercise  easier  than  that  in  which  he  moves  by 
virtue  of  his  own  powers.  Thus,  we  speak  of 
gestation  on  horseback,  in  a  carriage,  &c. 

Gestation,  Protracted.  Pregnancy  pro- 
tracted beyond  the  usual  period.    See  Pregnancy. 

GESTICULA'TION,  Gesticida'tio,  same  ety- 
mon. The  act  of  making  many  gestures ;  a 
symptom  in  disease,  which  indicates  great  ence- 
phalic erethism.  It  is  met  with  in  numerous 
affections. 

GETHYL'LIS  SPIRA'LIS.  A  South  African 
plant,  Nat.  Ord.  Amaryllideee,  the  orange-co- 
loured fruit  of  which  has  a  peculiar  fragrance. 
An  infusion  in  spirit  or  tincture  is  used  in  flatu- 
lence and  colic. 

GEUM,  G.  rivale — g.  CaryophyllatuM,  '3.  or 


GEUMA 


406 


GINGLYMUS 


banum  —  g.  Nutans,  G.  rivale  —  g.  Palustre,  G. 
rivale. 

Geum  Rivals,  0.  palua'tre  seu  nutans,  Caryo- 
phjUa'ta  aquat'ica  seu  nutans,  Benedic'ta  sylves'- 
tris,  Water  avens,  (P.)  Benoite  aquatique,  B.  des 
Buissaux.  Family,  Ilosacese.  Sex.  Syst.  Ico- 
sandria  Polygynia.  The  root  of  this  plant, 
Gerim  (Ph.  U.  S.),  is  astringent.  It  has  been 
much  extolled  in  the  cure  of  intermittents,  diar- 
rhoea, hemorrhage,  &c. 

Getjm  Urbanum,  G.  caryophylla'tum,  Caryo- 
phylla'ta,  C.  vulga'ris  seu  urha'na,  Caryophyl'lus 
vvlga'ris,  Sanamun'da,  Lagophthal'nms,  Oaryo- 
phyl'la,  Janamun' da,  Common  avens,  Herb  Ben- 
nut,  Herba  benedic'ta,  (F.)  Benoite.  The  root  of 
this  plant  has  a  smell  not  unlike  that  of  cloves. 
Taste  bitterish,  austere ;  virtues  yielded  to  water 
and  alcohol.  It  has  been  used  in  intej-mittents, 
dysentery,  chronic  diarrhoea,  debility,  &c.  Dose, 
3ss  to  5J  of  the  powder. 

Geum  Vernum,  Western  early  avens,  has  the 
same  properties  as 

Geum  Virginia 'num,  White  avens,  Avens,  Evan 
root,  Choc'olate  root,  Bennet,  Throat  root,  Cure- 
all,  (P.)  Benoite  de  Virginie,  is  common  from 
Maine  to  Carolina  and  Kentucky,  flowering  in 
June  and  July.  It  has  the  same  medical  proper- 
ties as  Geum  rivale. 

GEUMA,  Taste. 

GEUSION'OSI,  from  ytvaiq,  'taste,'  and  voaos, 
'  disease.'  Geusionu'si.  Diseases  of  the  organ 
or  sense  of  taste. 

GEUSIS,  Taste.  Earely,  the  root  of  the 
tongue — Radix  lingua. 

GEUTHMOS,  Taste. 

GEZIR,  see  Pastinaca  opoponax. 

GEZIT,  Gagot. 

GEZITAIN,  Cagot. 

GHERKIN,  see  Cucumis  sativus. 

GHITTA  JEMOCO,  Cambogia. 

GIALAPPA,  Convolvulus  Jalapa. 

GIANT,  Gig  as,  (F.)  G&ant.  One  much  above 
the  ordinary  stature. 

GIBBA,  Hump. 

GIBBER,  Hump. 

GIBBEROSITAS,  Gibbositas. 

GIBBOS'ITAS,  Gibberos'itas,  Cypho'sis,  Bha- 
chio-cypho' sis,  from  (F.)  Gibbenx,  (L.)  Gibbus, 
'  something  arched  or  vaulted ;  prominent.'  Gib- 
los'ity,  Gib'houaness,  Curvature  of  the  spine,  Hy- 
ho'ma.  A  symptom  which  occurs  in  different 
diseases ;  particularly  in  rickets  and  caries  of  the 
vertebrae.     See  Hump. 

Gibbositas  Cariosa,  Vertebral  disease. 

GIBBOUSNESS,  Gibbositas. 

GIBBUS,  Hump — g.  Pottii,  Vertebral  disease. 

GIBLETS.  According  to  Minsheu,  from 
Gobbet,  Goblet;  but,  according  to  Junius,  from 
(F.)  Gibier,  'game.'  The  word  seems  to  be  the 
old  _(F.)  Gibelez,  Gibelet,  &c.,  i.  e.  Gibier,  (L.)  Ci- 
harium,  food,  (F.)  Ahattis.  It  means,  generally, 
the  parts  which  are  cut  ofi"  from  a  goose  before  it 
is  roasted.  Also,  the  extremities  of  fowls,  such 
as  the  head,  wings,  feet ;  to  which  are  sometimes 
added,  the  liver,  gizzard,  Ac.  Soup,  made  from 
these,  is  moderately  nutritious. 

&IDDINESS,  Vertigo. 

GIDDY,  Vertiginous. 

GIGANTEUS,  Gigantic. 

GIGANTESQUE,  Gigantic. 

GIGAN'TIC,  Gigante'us,  Giganto'des,  (F.)  Gi- 
gantesque.  Relating  to  one  much  above  the  or- 
dinary stature. 

GIGANTODES,  Gigantic. 

GIGARTINA  HELMINTHOCHORTON,  Co- 
rallina  Corsicana — g.  Lichenoides,  Fucus  amyla- 
oeus 


GIGARUS  SERPENTARIA,  Arum  draenn- 
culus. 

GIGAS,  Giant. 

GILARUM,  Thymus  serpyllum. 

GILEAD,  BALM  OF,  see  Amyris  opobalsamum. 

GILET  DE  FORCE,  "Waistcoat,  strait. 

GILL,  Glechoma  hederacea. 

Gill-go-by-ground,  Glechoma  hederacea. 

GILLA  THEOPHRASTI,  Zinci  sulphas  — g. 
Vitrioli,  Zinci  sulphas. 

GILLE'NIA  STIPULA'CEA,  Small-flowered 
In'dian  Physic  has  the  same  properties  as 

Gille'nia  Tripolia'ta,  Spircr.'a  trifolia'ta, 
Common  Gille'nia,  Indian  Physic,  'Western  Drop- 
wort,  Indian  Hippo,  Ip'ecae,  Bowman's  root,  Ilea- 
dow  sioeet,  Beuumont  root.  Nat.  Ord.  Rosacea?. 
Sex.  Syst.  Icosandria  Pentagynia.  The  root  of 
this  shrub, — Gille'nia,  (Ph.  V.  S.) — which  grows 
plentifully  in  the  United  States,  is  a  safe  and 
eflicacious  emetic,  in  the  dose  of  about  30  grains. 
It  resembles  ipecacuanha  in  its  properties. 

GILLIFLOWER,  Dianthus  caryophyllus. 

GIM'BERNAT'S  LIGAMENT.  A  fibrous, 
triangular  expansion,  which  is  detached  from  the 
posterior  and  inner  part  of  the  crural  arch,  and  is 
inserted  into  the  crest  of  the  pubis.  This  liga- 
ment forms  the  inner  part  of  the  superior  aper- 
ture of  the  crural  canal.  It  is  one  of  the  most 
frequent  causes  of  strangulation  in  crural  hernia. 

GIN,  Hollands,  Gene'va,  (F.)  Genievre.  This 
spirit,  which  is  distilled  from  corn  and  juniper 
berries,  or  from  some  substitute  for  them,  is 
largely  used  in  Great  Britain ;  and  is  extremely 
detrimental,  to  the  lower  classes  particularly.  It 
possesses  tie  properties  of  other  spirituous  liquors, 
but  is,  in  popular  medicine,  more  used  than  other 
varieties,  in  cases  of  colic  or  intestinal  pain  of  any 
kind.     See  Spirit. 

Gin  Drinker's  Liver,  Liver,  nutmeg  —  g^ 
Liver,  Liver,  nutmeg. 

GINGE3IBRE,  Amomum  zingiber. 

GINGER,  Amomum  zingiber — g.  Beer  povder, 
see  Amomum  zingiber — g.  Indian,  Asarum  cana- 
dense  —  g.  Jamaica,  concentrated  essence  of,  see 
Amomum  zingiber  —  g.  Preserved,  see  Amomum 
zingiber — g.  Wild,  Asarum  Canadense. 

GINGIBRA'CHIUM,  from  gingiva,  'the 
gums,'  and  brachium,  '  the  arm.'  A  name  given 
to  the  scurvy,  because  the  gums  and  arms  are 
chiefly  aifected  by  it.  It  has,  also,  been  called 
Gingipe' dium,  because  the  lower  limbs  are  in 
many  cases  the  seat  of  scorbutic  spots.  See  Por- 
phyra  nautica. 

GINGIPEDIUM,  see  Gingibrachium,  Per- 
phyra  nautica. 

GINGI'V^,  from  gignere,  'to  beget,'  because 
the  teeth  are,  as  it  were,  begotten  in  them.  (?) 
The  gums,  ouXa,  U'la,  Carnic'ula,  (P.)  Gencires. 
The  portion  of  the  mucous  membrane  of  the 
mouth  which  covers  the  maxillary  bones  to  the 
level  of  the  alveolar  arches.  The  gums  are 
formed  of  a  red  tissue,  more  or  less  solid,  and  of 
a  fibro-mucous  nature,  which  adheres  strongly  to 
the  necks  of  the  teeth,  and  transmits,  between 
the  roots  and  their  alveoli,  a  very  thin  expan- 
sion,— the  alveolo-dental  periosteum.  The  gums 
fix  the  teeth  and  contribute  greatly  to  their  soli- 
dity. In  the  aged,  after  the  loss  of  the  teeth, 
they  become  fibrous  and  very  solid,  and  are  in- 
servient  to  mastication. 

GINGIVA'LIS,  Ulet'iens,  UUcus ;  from  gin- 
giva, 'the  gums.'     Relating  to  the  gums. 

GING'LYMOID,  Ginglymoidcns,  Ginglymo'. 
des,  from  ■yiyy\vixos,  'aginglynnis,' and  ti^oj,  're- 
semblance. Resembling  a  ginglj'mus  or  hinge. 
An  epithet  applied  to  joints  which  resemble  a 
hinge,  as  n  ginglymoid  Joint. 

GIN'GLYMUS,    Cardinamen'tum,    Cardo,    '« 


GINSENG 


407 


GLANDULA 


hinge.'  (F.)  CJiamilre,  Articulation  en  cJinrniire. 
A  species  of  diarthrodial  articulation,  which  only 
admits  of  motion  in  two  directions,  like  a  hinge, 
— as  the  knee-joint  or  elbow-joint. 

GINSENG,   Panax  quinquefolium  —  g.  Blue, 
Caulophyllum  thalietroides  —  g.  Yellow,  Caulo- 
phyllum  thalietroides — g.  Horse,  Triosteum — g. 
White,  Triosteum. 
mHAFFE,  Dengue. 
i&IRARD  ROUSSIN,  Asarum. 
GIRDLE,  Cingulum. 

GIRL.     This  seems,  formerly,  to  have  been 
an  appellation   common  to  both  sexes.      Many 
etymologists  deduce  the  word  from  the  Su.  Goth. 
Karl,  '  a  man.'     It  means  a  young  female,  (L.) 
Filia,  from  ij>i\tiv,  'to  love.'     (F.)  Fille. 
GIROFLE,  see  Eugenia  caryophyllata. 
GIRO  FLEE  JAUNE,  Cheiranthus  cheiri. 
GISSA,  Cynanche  parotidasa. 
GIZZARD,  Ventriculus  callosus. 
GLABELLA,  Mesophryon. 
GLABELLAD,  see  Glabellar. 
GLABEL'LAR,  from  glabella,  'the  space  be- 
the  eyebrows.'    An  epithet  for  an  aspect  towards 
the  glabella. — Barclay.    Glahellad  is  used  adver- 
bially by  the  same  writer  to  signify  '  towards  the 
glabellar  aspect.' 

GLABRITIES,  Calvities. 
GLACE,  Ice. 

GLAGIALE,  Mesembryanthemum  crystalli- 
num. 

GLACIALIS  HUMOR,  Crystalline. 
GLACIES,  Ice. 

GLADIOLUS,  Machserion — g.  Casruleus,  Iris 
Germanica. 

Gladi'olus  Commu'nis,  G.  vulga'ris,  Vieto- 
ria'lis  rotun'da,  Cornjiag,  Victoria'lis  feminea, 
(F.)  Glayeiil.  The  root  of  this  plant  has  been 
considered  aphrodisiac.  Applied  in  cataplasm,  it 
has  been  extolled  against  scrofulous  tumours. 

Gladiolus  Ltjteus,  Iris  pseudacorus — g.  Vul- 
garis, G.  communis. 
GLADIUS,  Penis. 
GLAMA,  Lippitudo,  Chassie. 
GLAND,  Glan'dula,  Gran'dxda,  from  glans, 
'an  acorn,  a  kernel.'  Aden.  The  ancient  ana- 
tomists gave  this  name  to  a  number  of  organs  of 
a  texture  generally  soft,  and  a  shape  more  or 
less  globular,  but  differing  greatly  in  their  nature 
and  functions.  They  applied  it,  for  instance,  1. 
To  those  organs  which  separate  from  the  blood, 
tiny  fluid  whatever.  When  such  organs  were 
composed  of  several  lobules,  united  by  common 
vessels,  they  received  the  name  conglomerate 
glands,  as  the  parotid,  pancreas,  &c.  2.  To  the 
reddish  and  spongy,  knot-like  bodies,  which  are 
met  with  in  the  course  of  the  lymphatics.  These 
they  called  conglobate  glands;  —  see  Ganglion 
[lymphatic ;)  and  3dly  and  lastly,  to  various  other 
3rgaus,  whose  intimate  texture  and  functions  are 
litill  unknown,  as  the  Pineal  gland,  Pituitary 
ffland,  Glands  of  Pacchioni,  Thyroid  gland,  Thy- 
mus gland.  Supra-renal  glands,  &c.  Chaussier 
restricts  the  word  gland  to  those  softish,  granular, 
lobated  organs,  composed  of  vessels,  and  a  parti- 
cular texture,  of  which  there  are  in  the  human 
body,  the  lachrymal,  salivary,  and  mammary,  the 
testicles,  the  liver,  pancreas,  and  kidneys.  These 
permanent  glands,  or  glandstcith  j>erman€nt  ducts, 
are  all  destined  to  draw  from  the  blood  the  mole- 
cules necessary  for  the  formation  of  new  fluids  ; 
and  to  convey  these  fluids  externally,  by  means 
of  one  or  more  excretory  ducts.  Several  glands 
besides  their  excretory  ducts,  have  especial  reser- 
voirs, in  which  the  fluids,  secreted  by  them,  col- 
lect, remain  for  a  greater  or  less  space  of  time, 
and  undergo  slight  modifications  before  being 
evacuated;  —  such  are,  the  gall-bladder  for  the 
liver,  the  urinary  bladder  for  the  kidneys,  &e. 


Each  gland  has  an  organization  peculiar  to  it,, 
but  we  know  not  the  intimate  nature  of  the  glan- 
dular texture.  —  Malpighi  believed  that  the  ves- 
sels terminate  in  small,  solid  masses,  to  which  ho 
gave  the  name  —  glandidur  grains  or  ac^ni.  In 
these,  he  considered,  the  excretory  ducts  v...ginati?, 
Ruysch  thought  that  the  glands  are  entirely  vas- 
cular, and  that  the  excretory  ducts  are  immedi- 
ately continuous  with  the  vasa  afferentia,  &e.  The 
best  view,  perhaps,  is,  that  the  exhaling  or  secre- 
ting vessel  is  distributed  on  the  animal  membrane, 
which  forms  the  blind  extremity  of  the  excretoiy 
duct,  and  that  the  secretion  is  effected  through 
it  by  means  of  cells. 

The  term  glande  (F.)  is  sometimes  appropriated 
to  the  tumour  formed  by  inflammation  or  engorge- 
ment of  a  lymphatic  ganglion. 

GLAND,  Glans — g.  Accessory,  of  the  Parotid, 
see  Parotid  —  g.  Globate,  Conglobate  gland  —  g. 
Prostate,  Prostate — g.  Salivary,  abdominal,  Pan- 
creas. 

GLAND  AGE,  Adenophyma. 
GLANDE,  Gland  — gr.  Thyroidc,  see  Thyroid 
gland. 

GLANDERS,  Equinia — g.  Farcy,  see  Equinia. 

GLANDE  S  BRONCHI  QUE  S,BToncbial 

glands — g.  Conglobees,  Conglobate  glands — g.  de 

Oroissance,  Waxing  kernels — g.  de  Ileibomius, 

Meibomius,  glands  of. 

GLANDIFORM    CORPUSCLE,   Acinus  — g. 
Ganglion,  see  Ganglion. 
GLANDIUM,  Thymus. 

GLANDS,  see  Quercus  Alba  —  g.  Accessory, 
Cowper's  glands — g.  Aggregate,  Peyeri  glandulw 
— g.  Agminated,  Peyer's  glands — g.  Aporio,  Gan- 
glions, glandiform — g.  Blind,  Ganglions,  glandi- 
form —  g.  Diapnogenous,  see  Perspiration  —  g. 
Havers's,  Synovial  glands — g.  of  Bartholinu?, 
Cowper's  glands  of  the  female — g.  Cowper's,  see 
Cowper's  glands — g.ofDuverney,  Cowper's  glands 
of  the  female  —  g.  Lenticular,  Lenticulares  glan- 
dulfB — g.  Lieberkiihn's,  Lieberkiihn's  glands,  see 
Intestine — g.  Miliary,  Sebaceous  glands — g.  Oil, 
Sebaceous  glands — g.  Permanent,  see  Gland — g. 
Peyer's,  Peyeri  glandulse  —  g.  Renal,  Capsules, 
renal  —  g.  Sebaceous,  see  Sebaceous  glands  —  g. 
Solitary,  Brunner's  glands — g.  Sudoriparous,  see 
Perspiration — g.  Sweat,  see  Perspiration. 

Glands,  Temporary,  Glands  without  perma- 
nent orifices.  Glands,  that  consist  of  a  single 
primary  vesicle  or  sacculus,  which,  having  ela- 
borated a  secretion  in  its  interior,  bursts,  dis- 
charges it,  and  disappears.  Peyer's  glands,  and 
the  Graafian  vesicles  afford  examples  of  these. 

Glands  of  Tyson,  Sebaceous  glands  of  Tyson 
—  g.  Vascular,  see  Ganglion  —  g.  of  Vesalius, 
Bronchial  glands — g.  of  Willis,  Albicantia  corpo- 
ra. Mamillary  tubercles. 

GLANDULA,  Gland— g.  ad  Aures,  Parotid— 
g.  Avicenn£e,  Encystis  —  g.  Bartholiniana,  Sub- 
lingual gland  —  g.  Basilaris,  Pituitary  gland — g. 
Colli,  Tonsil — g.  Innominata  Galeni,  Lachrymal 
gland  —  g.  Lachrymalis,  Lachrymal  gland  —  g. 
Mucosa,  Conglobate  gland — g.  Pinealis,  Pinenl 
gland — g.  Pituitosa,  Pituitary  gland — g.  Rivini- 
ana.  Sublingual  gland  —  g.  Salivalis  abdominis, 
Pancreas  —  g.  Socia  Parotidis,  see  Parotid  —  g. 
Thymus,  Thymus— g.  Thyreoidea,  Thyroid  gland 
Glandule  Agminatje,  Peyeri  glandulaj  —  g. 
Artieulares,  Synovial  glands  —  g.  Assistentes, 
Prostate  —  g.  Brunneri,  Brunner's  glands  ~g. 
Cervicis  uteri,  Nabothi  glandulaj  —  g.  Durse  ma- 
tris,  G.  Pacchioni  —  g.  Dur»  meningis,  G.  Pac- 
chioni —  g.  in  Agmen  congregate  intestinorum, 
Peyeri  glandulse  —  g.  Intestinales,  Peyeri  glan- 
duia3  —  g.  MeibomianEe,  Meibomius,  glands  of — 
g.  Mucosa;  coagminatee  intestino.-um.  Peyeri  glaa- 
i  dulee — g.  Muciparae  racemttim  congosta;  iutesti- 


GLANDULAIBE 


408 


GLOBULE 


Tiorum,  Peyeri  glandulas  —  g.  Myrtiformes,  Ca- 
runculas  myrtiformes  —  g.  OdoriferEB  Tysoni,  see 
Sebaceous  glands  —  g.  Peyerianse,  Peyeri  glan- 
dulas  —  g.  Plexiformes,  Peyeri  G-.  —  g.  Prostatse 
mulierum,  see  Corpus  glandulosum  mulierum  — 
g.  Sebaceoa  ciliares,  Meibomius,  glands  of — g. 
Solitarise,  Brunner's  glands  —  g.  Spuriae,  Peyeri 
glandulse,  Ganglions,  glandiform — g.  Sudoriferaj, 
Ece  Perspiration — g.  Suprarenales,  Capsules,  re- 
nal— g.  Tysoni,  Sebaceous  glands  of  Tyson  —  g. 
Utriculares,  Utricular  Glands  —  g.  VasculosEe, 
Conglomerate  glands  —  g.  Vesalianse,  Bronchial 
glands. 

GLANDULAIBE,  Glandular. 

GLAND'ULARj  Glandula'ris,  Glnndulo'sus, 
(F.)  Glandulaire,  Glandideux.  Having  the  ap- 
pearance, form,  or  texture  of  Glands  ;  as  a  glan- 
dular body,  a  glandular  texture,  &c. 

Glandular  Substance  of  the  Kidney,  see 
Kidney. 

GLANDULE  OF  MALPIGHI,  see  Corpora 
Malpighiana. 

GBANDULEUX,  Glandular. 

GLANDULO'SO-CARNEUS.  Euysch  giyes 
this  epithet  to  fleshy  excrescences  which  he  found 
in  the  bladder. 

GLANDULOSUS,  Glandular. 

GLANS,  ('an  acorn.')  Bal'anus,  Gyt'taros, 
Cuspis,  Caput,  C.  Penis,  Genita'le  caput,  (F.) 
Gland.  The  extremity  of  the  penis  and  of  the 
clitoris.  The  glans  penis  is  of  a  conical,  slightly 
flattened  shape.  It  is  continuous  with  the  ure- 
thra, which  opens  at  its  apex  ,•  and  is  circum- 
scribed by  a  projecting  edge,  called  the  Coro'na 
glandis.  It  is  covered  by  a  thin  mucous  mem- 
brane ;  is  furnished,  at  its  base,  with  sebaceous 
follicles,  called  glan'dides  odorif'ercB  Tyso'ni,  the 
secretion  from  which  is  termed  Smegma  prepu'- 
tii;  and  can,  almost  always,  be  covered  by  the 
reflection  of  the  skin,  called  the  prepuce.  Lastly, 
it  is  formed  of  a  spongy  texture,  susceptible  of 
being  thrown  into  erection. 

Glans,  Bronchocele,  Pessary,  Suppository. 

Glans  Clitob'idis  is  smaller.  It  is  imper- 
forate, and  likewise  covered  with  a  sort  of  pre- 
puce formed  by  the  mucous  membrane  of  the 
vulva. 

Glans  Jovis  Theophrasti,  Eagus  castanea — 
g.  Ulnae,  Olecranon — g.  Unguentaria,  Guilandina 
moringa,  Myrobalanus. 

GLAREA,  Gravel. 

GLASS,  Vitrum. 

GLAUBER'^  SALTS,  Soda,  Sulphate  of. 

GLAUCEDO,  Glaucoma. 

GLAUCO'MA,  from  yXavKoe,  'sea-green.* 
Glauco'sis,  Glance' do,  Catarac'ta  glauca,  Oc'tdns 
cte'sius,  Ccb'sius,  Phtharma  glanco'ma,  Parop'sis 
glauco'sis,  Apoglauco'sis.  Amongst  the  older 
pathologists,  this  word  was  used  synonymously 
with  cataract.  It  is  now  ordinarily  applied  to 
opacity  of  the  vitreous  humour  or  of  the  tunica 
hyaloidea,  which  manifests  itself  by  a  grayish, 
or  greenish  spot,  apparent  through  the  pupil. 
The  diagnosis  is  generally  diflScult;  and  the  dis- 
ease is  almost  always  incurable. 

Glaucoma  Woulhousi,  Cataract. 

GLAUCOSIS,  Glaucoma. 

GLAYEUL,  Gladiolus  vulgaris  —  g.  Puant, 
Iris  foetidissima. 

GLECHO'MA  HEDERA'CEA,  G.  hirsu'- 
lum,  Hedcr'ula,  Ohamincle'ma,  0.  hedern'cea,  Ca- 
lamin'tha  hedcra'cea,  Calamin'ta  humil'ior,  Oha- 
tncBcis'sus,  Hed'era  terres'tris,  Nep'eta  glccho'ma, 
Panace'a  pcc'torin,  Ground-ivy,  Gill,  Gill-go-liy- 
ground,  Alehoof,  Bohin  runaway,  (F.)  Lierre  ter- 
restre,  Terrette.  This  plant  has  a  strong  smell, 
and  a  bitterish,  soniowbat  aromatic,  taste.  It 
has  been  considered  expectorant  and  tonic. 


GLECHON.  Mentha  pulegium. 

GLECHONI'TIS.  Wine,  impregnated  with 
the  Glechon,  yKrj')(ijiv,  mantha  pnleginm,  or  penny- 
royal. 

GLECOMA  HIRSUTUM,  G.  hederaceum. 

GLEET,  see  Gonorrhcea. 

GLEME,  Chassie,  Lippitudo. 

GLEKE,  yXrivri.  The  pupil.  The  anterior  part 
of  the  eye.  The  eyeball.  The  eye.  According 
to  some,  the  crystalline  lens.  Also,  a  glenoid 
cavity. 

OLENITIS,  Phacitis. 

GLENOID,  Glene. 

Gle'noid,  Glenoid'al,  Gleno'ida' lis,  Gleno'i'def, 
Gleno'des,  Gleno'i'deus,  from  yXvvVj  'the  pupil,' 
and  uSog,  'resemblance.'  (F.)  Gleno'ide,  Glenoi- 
dale.  Any  shallow,  articular  cavity,  Glene,  which 
receives  the  head  of  a  bone;  such  as,  1.  The 
glenoid  cavity  or  fossa  of  the  scapula.  Fossa  gle- 
no'idea,  Omocot'yle,  Acetah'ulum  hu'meri,  Cav'i- 
tas  hu'meri  gleno'ides,  Entypo'eis,  is  situate  at 
the  anterior  angle  of  the  scapula;  and  is  arti- 
culated with  the  head  of  the  humerus.  2.  The 
glenoid  cavity  or  fossa  of  the  temporal  bone.  It 
is  seated  between  the  two  roots  of  the  zygomatic 
process,  and  receives  the  condyle  of  the  lowei 
jaw. 

Glenoid  Lig'ament,  (F.)  Ligament  Gleno'idien, 
is  a  fibro-cartilaginous  ring  or  hourrelet,  vihidii 
seems  formed  by  the  expansion  of  the  tendon  of 
the  long  head  of  the  biceps  brachialis,  and  sur- 
rounds the  glenoid  cavity  of  the  scapula,  the 
depth  of  which  it  increases. 

GLENOlDALE,  Glenoid. 

GLISCHRAS'MA,  Glis'chrofes,  from  yXioxpai- 
vb>,  (yXia,  'glue,')  'I  become  glutinous.'  Lentor, 
viscidity. — Hippocrates. 

GLISCHROCH'OLUS,  from yX^axpos,  'viscid,' 
and  %oA)7,  'bile.'  An  epithet  for  excrement  which 
is  glutinous  and  bilious. 

GLISCHROTES,  Glischrasma. 

GLISOMARGO,  Creta. 

GLOBE,  Bandage  (head) — g.  of  the  Eye,  see 
Eye — g.  Flower,  Cephalanthus  occidentalis. 

GLOBULAIBE  PUBGATIVE,  Globularia 
alypum. 

GLOBULA'RIA  AL'YPUM,  Glolnla'ria, 
Montpel'lier  Turhith,  (F.)  Glohulaire  purgative, 
Turhith  hlanc.  The  leaves  of  this  plant  are  bit- 
ter, and  have  been  used  in  intermittents  and  in 
constipation.     See  Alypon. 

GLOB'ULE,  Gloh'uhis,  SpJim'rion,  SpTirn'rula. 
A  small  globe. 

Globules  op  the  Blood,  Blood  glolnles, 
Blood  -  corpuscles.  Blood-  disks,  Blood  -  vesicles, 
Glob'uli,  Vesic'ulw,  SphcB'rula  seu  Follic'uH 
san'gninis,  (F.)  Globules  du  saug,  are  small,  cir- 
cular bodies,  which  are  particularly  observable 
when  the  transparent  parts  of  cold-blooded  ani- 
mals are  examined  by  the  aid  of  the  microscope ; 
and  are  met  with  in  the  blood  of  all  animals. 
They  are  circular  in  the  mammalia,  and  elliptical 
in  birds  and  cold-blooded  animals ;  are  flat  in 
all  animals,  and  generally  composed  of  a  central 
nucleus  enclosed  in  a  membranous  sac.  Che- 
mically, they  consist  of  hajmatin  and  globulin — 
hcBmato-glohulin. 

Size  of  the  Globules. 

Sir  E.  Home  and  Bauer,  with  ]  1.17nOth  part  of 

colouring  matter,      .         .      J  an  inch. 

EUer,  ....         1.1930 

Sir  E.  Home  and  Bauer,  with-  |  ,  i^r^ntt 

out  colouring  mutter,        .      J 
Muller,         ....         1.2.'',00  to  1..3500 
Mandl,         ....        1.2625  to  1.3160 


GLOBULE 


409 


GLOSSOGRAPHY 


Hodgkiu,  Lister,  and  Rudolphi,  1.3000 

Sprcngel,     ....  1.3000  to  1.3500 

Cavallo,        ....  1.3000  to  1.4000 

Donne,  ....  1.3150  to  1.3280 

Jurin  and  Gulliver,       .         .  1.3240 

Blumenbach  ajid  Senao,       .  1.3330 

Tabor,  .        .        .        .  1.3600 

MUne  Edwards,   .        .        .  1.3900 

Wagner,       ....  1.4000 

Kater,  ....  1.4000  to  1.6000 

Prevost  and  Dumas,    .         .  1.4056 

Haller,  WoUaston,  and  Weber,  1.5000 

Young,         ....  1.6060 

GLOBULE  D'ARANTIUS,  see  Sigmoid 
valves — g.  du  Sang,  Globule  of  the  blood. 

GLOBULES,  GANGLION,  see  Neurine  — g. 
Chyle,  see  Chyle  —  g.  Lymph,  see  Lymph  —  g. 
Milk,  see  Milk — g.  Mucous,  see  Mucus — g.  Pus, 
gee  Pus — g.  Pyoid,  see  Pus. 

GLOBULI  ARTERIARUM  TERMINI,  see 
Acinus — g.  Sanguinis,  Globules  of  the  blood — g. 
Tartar!  martiales,  Ferrum  tartarizatum — g.  Tar- 
tratis  ferri  et  lixiviae,  Ferrum  tartarizatum. 

GLOB'ULIN,  Gloh'uline,  Blood  ca'sein.  The 
colourless  substance  that  remains  after  the  ab- 
straction of  the  colouring  matter  of  the  blood- 
corpuscle.  It  is  a  peculiar  albuminous  principle. 
The  globulin  of  Berzelius  consists  of  the  enve- 
lopes of  the  blood  globules,  and  of  the  part  of 
their  contents  that  remains  after  the  extraction 
of  the  hffimatin.  Lecanu  regards  it  as  identi- 
cal with  albumen ;  and,  according  to  Mulder,  it 
belongs  to  the  combinations  of  protein. 

The  term  globulin  is  likewise  given  by  M. 
Donne  to  small  granulations  appertaining  to  the 
chyle,  which  are  observable  in  the  blood  with  the 
microscope.  They  are  small  white  roundish,  iso- 
lated or  irregularly  agglomerated  grains ;  of  about 
the  1-300  of  a  millimetre  in  diameter,  and  are  re- 
garded by  M.  Donne  as  the  first  elements  of  the 
blood  globules.  They  are  the  white  granulated 
corpuscles  of  Mandl. 

GLOBULUS  ARANTII,  see  Sigmoid  valves 
— g.  Nasi,  see  Nasus — g.  Sanguineus,  Punctum 
saliens — g.  Stapedis  Ossis,  Os  orbiculare. 

GLOBUS  HYSTER'ICUS,  Nodus  Hysfer'icus, 
An'gone,  Anad'rome.  A  sensation,  experienced 
by  hysterical  persons,  as  if  a  round  body  were 
rising  from  the  abdomen  towards  the  larynx,  and 
producing  a  sense  of  suffocation. 

Globits  Major,  see  Epididymis  —  g.  Minor, 
see  Epididymis  —  g.  Martialis,  Ferrum  tartari- 
zatum. 

Globtts  Uteri'nus.  a  term  applied  by  accou- 
cheurs to  the  round  tumour,  formed  by  the  uterus 
in  the  lower  part  of  the  abdomen,  immediately 
after  delivery. 

GLOMERATE,  Conglomerate. 

GLOM'ERULE,  Glomer' vlus ;  from  glomus,  'a 
dew  of  thread.'  A  ball  or  clew,  formed  by  an 
agglomeration  of  vessels;  as  Glomerule  of  Malpi- 
ghi ;  see  Corpora  Malpighiana. 

GLOSS  A,  Olotta,  '  the  tongue.'  The  power  of 
speech.     Speech.     Hence : 

GLOSSAGRA,  Glossalgia.  ' 

GLOSS AL'GIA,  Glos'sogra,  from  yXojcro-a,  'the 
tongue,'  and  ay^yoi,  '  pain.'     Pain  in  the  tongue. 

GLOSSANIS'CHUM,  Glossanoch'eus,  Glossan'- 
ocTium,  from  yXwo-o-a,  'tongue,'  and  avf)(€iv,  'to 
hold  up.'  An  instrument  for  holding  up  the 
ton  sue. 

GLOSSANOCHEUS,  Glossanischum. 
GLOSSANOCHUM,  Glossanischum. 

GLOSS AN'THRAX,  Pestis  glossan'tJirax,  from 
y^waaa,  'the  tongue,'  and  av^pa^,  'a  carbuncle.' 
Carbuncle  of  the  tongue.  A  disease  more  common 
in  cattle  than  in  man. 


GLOSSEPIGLOT'TIC,  Glossejnglot' ticue.  Re- 
lating  to  the  tongue  and  epiglottis,  as  Ligamen'- 
turn  glossepiglott' ieum. 

GLOSSIANUS,  Lingual  muscle. 
GLOSSI'TIS,  from  y\u>caa,  'the  tongue,'  and 
itis,  a  suffix  denoting  inflammation.  Glosson'cua 
injlaminato' rius,  Angi'na  lingua'ria  seu  lingua'- 
lis,  Lijlamina'tio  LingucB,  Inflammation  of  the 
tongue,  (F.)  Liflammation  de  la  Langue.  When 
confined  to  the  mucous  membrane,  it  is  of  slight 
importance.  That  which  affects  the  whole  of  the 
tongue  is  a  serious  disease,  and  requires  the  vigo- 
rous use  of  antiphlogistics.     It  is  rare. 

GLOSSOC'ACE,  from  yXiaaaa,  'the  tongue,'  and 
KaKoi,  'evil.'  Ulceration  of  the  tongue,  with 
symptoms  of  adynamic  fever. 

GLOSSOCARCINO'MA,  Glossoscir'rhus,  Car- 
cino'ma  Lingua,  from  y\tii(Tua,  '  the  tongue,'  and 
KapKivoifxa,  'cancer.'     Cancer  of  the  tongue. 

GLOSSOCAT'OCHUS,  Glossocat'oche,  from 
yXuio-o-a,  '  the  tongue,'  and  Karelia,  '  I  arrest.'  Lin- 
gum  Deten'tor,  Spec'ulum  Oris,  (F.)  Abaisseur  de 
la  langue.  An  instrument,  the  invention  of  which 
is  attributed  to  Paulus  of  ^gina,  and  which  was 
employed  to  depress  the  tongue,  in  order  to  exa- 
mine diseases  of  the  fauces.  It  was  composed 
of  two  branches ;  one  of  which  had,  at  its  extre- 
mity, a  plate  for  depressing  the  tongue ;  whilst 
the  other,  shaped  like  a  horse-shoe,  was  applied 
under  the  chin.  The  finger,  or  the  handle  of  a 
spoon,  or  a  spatula,  is  now  alone  used  in  similar 
cases.     See  Catagoglossum. 

GLOSSOCE'LE,  from  yXwtraa,  'the  tongue,' 
and  Kri\r],  '  hernia,'  '  tumour.'  Hernia  of  the 
Tongue,  Paraglos'se,  Prola}}' sus  lingu(B,  Glosso- 
megis'tus,  Glossopto'sis.  Projection  of  the  tongue 
from  the  moutli.  It  depends,  generally,  on  an 
inflammatory  swelling  of  the  organ.  At  times, 
however,  a  chronic  glossocele,  or  sort  of  cedema- 
tous  engorgement,  is  met  with ;  which  proceeds 
to  a  great  length,  and  deforms  the  dental  arches, 
the  lips,  &c.  Inflammatory  glossocele  must  be 
combated  by  antiphlogistics.  In  the  oedematous 
kind,  such  as  is  sometimes  caused  by  excessive 
salivation,  the  infiltrated  fluid  may  be  pressed 
back  by  the  hand  of  the  practitioner,  to  get  the 
tongue  behind  the  teeth ;  and  it  may  be  kept 
there  by  a  piece  of  gauze  tied  over  the  mouth. 
The  chronic,  elongated  kind  sometimes  requires 
amputation  of  a  portion  of  the  organ. 

GLOSSOCOMA,  Glossospasmus. 

GLOSSOC'OMON,  Glossoc'omum,  Glossocomi'- 
on,  from  yXuo-o-a,  'the  tongue,'  and  kjieivo,  'to 
guard.'  The  ancients  gave  this  name  to  a  small 
case  for  holding  the  tongues  of  their  wind-instru- 
ments. By  extension,  it  was  applied  to  the  box 
or  cradle  in  which  fractured  limbs  were  kept.  We 
find,  in  the  ancient  writers,  a  Glossocomon  of  Hip- 
pocrates, of  Nymphodorus,  Galen,  &c. 

GLOSSODESMUS,  Frsenum  linguaj. 

GLOSSO-EPIGLOT'TICUS.  That  which  be- 
longs to  the  tongue  and  epiglottis.  Some  anato- 
mists have  so  denominated  certain  fleshy  fibres, 
which  pass  from  the  base  of  the  tongue  towards 
the  epiglottis.  These  muscles  are  more  evident 
in  some  of  the  mainmalia  than  in  man ;  and  their 
use  seems  to  be, — to  i-aise  the  epiglottis,  and  to 
remove  it  farther  from  the  glottis.  Santorini, 
who  described  them  after  Eustachius,  calls  them 
Retracto'res  Epiglot'tidis. 

GLOSSO-EPIGLOT'TIC  LIG'AMENTS, 
Frcena  epiglot'tidis.  Three  folds  of  mucous  mem- 
brane, which  connect  the  anterior  surface  of  the 
epiglottis  with  the  root  of  the  tongue. 

GLOSSOG'RAPHY, (?to«so£r/-a'ju/im,  from  yXu»- 
era,  '  the  tongue,'  and  ypaiprj,  '  a  description.'  An 
anatomical  descriptioa  of  the  tongue. 


GLOSSO-HYAL 


410 


GLUTEAL 


GLOSSO-HTAL.  A  name  given,  by  Geoffrey 
Baint-Hilaire,  to  the  posterior  cornua  of  the  os 
hyoides. 

GLOSSOL'OGT,  Glussolog" ia,  from  yKiiiaaa, 
'  the  tongue/  tind  Xoyos,  '  a  treatise,'  '  a  discourse.' 
A  treatise  ojithe  tongue. 

GLOSSOL'YSIS,  Ghseople'gia,  Paral'ysis  lin- 
giiCB,  P.  Neroi  hypoglossi,  from  yKuiaaa,  'the 
tongue,'  and  Xuuis,  'solution.'  Paralysis  of  the 
tongue. 

GLOSSOMANTI'A,  Progno'sia  ex  lingud,  from 
yXcixrcra,  '  the  tongue,'  and  jxavrtia,  '  divination.' 
Prognosis  from  the  state  of  the  tongue. 

GLOSSOMEGISTUS,  Glossocele,  Paraglosse. 

GLOSSON'CUS,  from  yiD\a<!a,  'the  tongue,' and 
oyKog,  '  tumour.'  Exonco'sia  lingua.  Swelling 
of  the  tongue. 

Glossonccts  Inflammatorius,  Glossitis. 

GLOSSO-PALATINUS,  Glosso-staphylinus— 
g.  Pharyngeal,  Pharyngo-glossal. 

GLOSSO-PHARYNGEAL,Glosso-pharyngeus 
— g.  p.  Nerve,  Pharyngo-glossal  nerve. 

GLOSSO-PHARYNGEUS,  Glosso-pharyngeal, 
from  yXa)(T(7a,  'the  tongue,'  and  ipapvyl,  'the  pha- 
rynx.' Belonging  to  the  tongue  and  pharynx. 
Some  anatomists  thus  designate  certain  fleshy 
bundles,  vrhich  arise  from  the  lateral  parts  of  the 
base  of  the  tongue,  and  are  inserted  into  the  pa- 
rietes  of  the  pharynx.  They  form  part  of  the 
constrictor  pharyngis  superior. 

GLOSSOPLEGIA,  Glossolysis. 

GLOSSOPTOSIS,  Glossocele. 

GLOSSOSCIRRHUS,  Glossocarcinoma. 

GLOSSOSCOP'IA,  from  yXaxrtra,  'the  tongue,' 
and  (7K077£a),  '  I  view.'  Inspection  of  the  tongue 
as  an  index  of  disease. 

GLOSSOSPAS'MUS,  Glossoco'ma,  Spasmvs 
lin'gum,  from  yXuo-o-a,  '  the  tongue,'  and  ciraa/xos, 
'  spasm.'     Cramp  or  spasm  of  the  tongue. 

GLOSSOSPA'THA,  Spat'ula  pro  ore,  from 
yXioffcra,  '  the  tongue,'  and  a-aadri,  '  spatula.'  A 
spatula  for  pressing  down  the  tongue  to  enable 
the  fauces  to  be  examined. 

GLOSSO-STAPHYLI'NUS,  from yXco^cra,  'the 
tongue,' and  ora^uX)?,  'the  uvula.'  Glossopalati' - 
nu8,  Pala'to-glossus,  Constric' tor  lathmi Fau' ciwn. 
A  small,  thin,  narrow,  and  long  muscle,  which 
arises  from  the  base  of  the  tongue,  and  is  insert- 
ed at  the  inferior  and  lateral  part  of  the  velum 
palati,  in  the  anterior  pillar  of  which  it  is  situate. 
Its  use  is  to  contract  the  isthmus  faucium,  by  de- 
pressing the  venum  palati,  and  raising  the  base 
of  the  tongue. 

GLOSSOSTERE'SIS,  LingucB  extirpa'tio,  from 
yXdjo-ffa,  'the  tongue,'  and  aTcptiais,  'privation.' 
Extirpation  of  the  tongue. 

GLOSSOSTROPH'IA,  from  yXuff^a,  'tongue,' 
and  (rTpe<p(i),  '  I  turn.'  Doubling  of  the  point  of 
the  tongue  upwards  and  backwards,  —  said  to 
have  been  a  mode  of  suicide.  (?) 

GLOSSOT'OMY,  Glossotom'ia,  from  yXacaa, 
'  the  tongue,'  and  riftvetv,  '  to  cut.'  Dissection  of 
the  tongue.     Amputation  of  the  tongue. 

GLOSSYPERTROPH'IA,   from   yXwtrira,  'the 
tongue,'  'vTTcp,  'over,'  and  Tpc<j}Etv,  'to  nourish.' 
Hypertrophy  or  supernutrition  of  the  tongue. 
"     GLOTTA,  Glossa,  Tongue. 

GLOTTIS,  y\o)TTi;,  (also,  the  mouth-piece  of  a 
flute,')  Lig'ida.  A  small  oblong  aperture,  in  the  la- 
rynx, comprised  between  the  chordce  vocalcs.  It  is 
narrow,  anteriorly;  wider,  posteriorly;  and  is  ca- 
pable of  being  modified  by  muscular  contraction, 
as  may  bo  required  by  the  voice.  It  is  by  the 
chordae  Tocales,  that  voice  is  produced.     The 


glottis  is  nearly  an  inch  long  in  the  adult  male: 
less  in  the  female  and  child. 

Glottis  is,  by  some,  used  synonymously  with 
ventricle  of  the  larynx :  with  others,  it  includes 
the  whole  of  the  larynx. 

Glottis,  Lips  op  the,  Thyreo-arj'tenoid  liga- 
ments. 

GLOUGLOU  B'UNE  BOUTEILLE,  Gurg- 
ling. 

GL  0  UTER  ON,  Arctium  Lappa— ^.  Petit,  Xan- 
tbium. 

GLOUTIUS,  Gluteal— g.  Maximus  et  extimus. 
Gluteus  maximus — g.  Secundus  et  medius,  Gln- 
taeus  medius — g.  Tertius  et  intimus,  GlutiEUS  mi- 
nimus. 

GLOUTON,  Glutton. 

GLOW  WORM,  Cicindela. 

GLUANT,  Glutinous. 

GLUCOSE,  from  yXu/cuj, 'sweet.'  Grape mtgar. 
Fruit  sugar,  Starch  sugar,  Diabetic  svgar,  Honey 
sugar.  A  variety  of  sugar,  that  occurs  naturally 
in  many  vegetable  juices,  and  in  honey.  Com- 
pared with  cane  sugar,  it  is  much  less  soluble  in 
water,  and  less  disposed  to  crystallise  ;  and,  when 
injected  into  the  blood-vessels,  does  not  pass  off 
to  the  like  extent  by  the  kidneys. 

GLUCOSURIA,  Diabetes  mellitus. 

GLUE  BONE,  Osteocolla. 

GLUE  FISH,  Ichthyocolla. 

GLUTEUS  MAGNUS,  G.  major  — g.  Major, 
G.  Maximus. 

GltjTjE'us  Max'imus,  Gluta'us  major,  Maxi- 
vnis  et  ex'timus  glou'tivs,  G.  magniis,  Ilio-sacro- 
femoral;  Sacro-femoral,  (Ch.,)  (F.)  Muscle  grand 
fessier.  This  muscle  is  situate  at  the  posterior 
part  of  the  pelvis,  and  at  the  upper  and  posterior 
part  of  the  thigh.  It  is  large,  thick,  and  quadri- 
lateral; and  is  attached,  a&ojie,  to  the  posterior  part 
of  the  crista  ilii,  to  the  part  of  the  ilium  com- 
prised between  the  crista  and  the  upper  curved 
line,  to  the  posterior  surface  of  the  sacrum,  coo- 
cyx,  and  great  sacro-sciatic  ligament ;  and  below, 
it  terminates  by  a  broad  aponeurosis,  which  is 
inserted  into  the  rugged  surface  that  descends 
from  the  trochanter  major  to  the  linea  aspera  of 
the  femur.  This  muscle  extends  the  thigh  on  the 
pelvis,  and  rotates  the  thigh  outwards.  It  ia 
greatly  concerned  in  station  and  progression. 

Glut^'us  Me'dius,  Glou'tiiia  Secun'duset  Me'- 
dius,  (F.)  Pio-trochanterien  :  Grand  Pio-troclian- 
terien,  (Ch.,)  Moyen  Fessier.  This  muscle  is  si- 
tuate in  part  beneath  the  preceding ;  it  is  broad, 
very  thick,  radiated,  and  triangular;  attached, 
above,  to  the  crista  ilii,  and  to  the  part  of  the 
outer  surface  of  that  bone  comprised  between  the 
three  anterior  fourths  of  its  crista,  its  upper 
curved  line,  and  its  lower ;  and  below,  it  ends  by 
a  tendon,  inserted  at  the  upper  edge  of  the  great 
trochanter.  It  is  an  abductor  of  the  thigh :  but 
can  turn  the  thigh  outwards  or  inwards,  accord- 
ing as  its  posterior  or  inferior  fibres  are  thrown 
separately  into  contraction. 

Glut^'us  Muf'muSfGlutcB'vs  minor,  Bio-iscTiii- 
trochanterien,  Tcr'tins  et  Jn'timua  Glou'tius  (F.) 
Petit  Fessier;  —  Petit  Pio-trochanterien  (Ch.) 
This  muscle,  which  is  situate  beneath  the  preced- 
ing, is  flat,  triangular,  and  with  radiated  fibres. 
It  is  attached,  above,  to  the  external  surface  of 
the  OS  ilii,  from  the  inferior  curved  line  to  the 
acetabulum;  and,  below,  is  inserted  into  the  an- 
terior part  of  the  great  trochanter.  It  has  the 
same  uses  as  the  preceding. 

Glut/kus  Minor,  G.  minimus. 

GLU'TEAL,  Glou'tius,  Gluta'ua,  from  yXovros, 
'the  nates,'  or  'buttocks.'  (F.)  Fessier.  Thnt 
which  belongs  or  relates  to  the  nates.  This  name 
has  been  given  to  many  parts  which  compose  the 
nates. 


GLUTEN 


411 


GOACONAX 


Gluteal  Aponeurosis.  The  upper  and  back 
part  of  the  femoral  fascia.  In  it  is  a  remarkable 
opening,  called  the  gluteal  arch,  for  the  passage 
of  the  gluteal  vessels  and  nerves. 

Gluteal  Arch,  see  Gluteal  aponeurosis. 

Gluteal  Artery,  Poste'rior  Il'iac  Artery, 
(F.)  Artere  fessiere,  is  one  of  the  largest  branches 
of  the  hypogastric.  It  makes  its  exit  from  the 
pelvis  at  the  iipper  part  of  the  superior  sciatic 
foramen ;  gains  the  posterior  part  of  the  pelvis, 
and  divides  into  two  branches;  —  the  one  super- 
ficial, the  other  deep-seated.  The  last  subdivides 
into  three  secondary  branches,  whose  ramifica- 
tions are  disti-ibuted  particularly  to  the  Glutaf, 
Longissimus  Dorsi,  Sacro-lumhalis,  &c.,  and  anas- 
tomose with  the  sciatic  and  internal  circumflex 
arteries. 

Gluteal  Nerve,  (F.)  Nerf  Fessier,  is  a  large 
branch,  furnished  by  the  5th  pair  of  lumbar 
nerves.  It  is  chiefly  distributed  to  the  glutsei 
muscles. 

Gluteal  Vein,  (F.)  Veine  fessiere,  follows  the 
same  march  as  the  artery  of  the  same  name. 

GLUTEN,  Glu'tinum,  Lentor,  'glue,  paste.' 
Veg"etahle  Gluten,  Veg"etable  Ca'sein.  An  im- 
mediate principle  of  vegetables.  It  is  soft,  of  a 
grayish  white,  viscid  consistence,  and  very  elastic. 
Exposed  to  the  air,  it  becomes  hard,  brown,  and 
fragile;  and,  in  moist  air,  putrefies.  Water  and 
alcohol  do  not  dissolve  it.  It  is  soluble  in  vege- 
table, and  in  weak  mineral  acids,  at  a  high  tem- 
perature. The  farinse,  in  which  it  is  found,  are 
those  preferred  for  the  preparation  of  bread ;  on 
account  of  the  property  it  has  of  making  the 
paste  rise.  It  is  a  compound  of  protein,  and 
hence  has  been  ranged  amongst  the  " proteina- 
ceous  alimentary  p)rinci2}lea"  by  Dr.  Pereira.  By 
washing  wheaten  dough  with  a  stream  of  water, 
the  gum,  sugar,  starch  and  vegetable  albumens 
are  removed :  the  ductile,  tenacious,  elastic,  gray 
mass  left  is  the  gluten,  common  gluten,  Becearia's 
gluten.  Pure  gluten  is  the  soluble  portion  on 
boiling  common  gluten  in  alcohol. 

Gluten  Articulorum,  Synovia — g.  Becearia's, 
see  Gluten  —  g.  Bread,  see  Bread,  gluten  —  g. 
Common,  see  Gluten — g.  Pure,  see  Gluten. 

GLUTI,  Nates. 

GLUTIA,  Nates,  Quadrigemina  corporp 

GLUTINANS,  Agglutinant. 

GLUTINATIF,  Agglutinant. 

GLUTINATIO,  Agglutination. 

GLUTINEUX,  Glutinous. 

GLU'TINOUS,  Glutino'sus,  CoUo'des,  from 
gluten,  'paste,  glue.'  (F.)  Glutineux,  Gluant. 
An  epithet  given  to  substances  taken  from  the 
animal  or  vegetable  kingdom,  and  endowed  with 
unusual  viscidity.  The  decoctions  of  marsh- 
mallows,  and  figs,  and  the  jelly  of  hartshorn,  are 
said  to  be  glutinous. 

GLUTINUM,  Gluten. 

GLUTOI,  Nates. 

GLUTTON,  same  etymon  as  the  next.  Gas- 
trimar'gus,  Hel'luo,  Mando,  Gulo'sus,  Lurco,  (F.) 
Glouton,  Gourvrand,  Goidu.     An  excessive  eater. 

GLUT'TONY,  from  glntio, '  I  swallow,'  glutttia, 
'the  gullet.'  Limo'sis  Helluo'num,  Gastris'mtis, 
(F.)  Gourmandise.  Excessive  appetite,  owing 
often  to  habitual  indulgence. 

GLUTTUS,  (Esophagus. 

GLUTUS,  Trochanter  major. 

GLYCANSIS,  Edulcoration. 

GLYCAS'MA,  from  y\vKv{,  'sweet.'  A  sweet 
wine,  prepared  from  must. — Linden. 

GLYCERATON,  Glycyrrhiza. 

GLYCERIN,  see  Fat. 

GLl^CIPICROS,  Solanum  dulcamara. 
vJLYCISIDE,  PEeonia. 


GLYCYPHYTON,  Glycyrrhiza. 

GLYCYRRHI'ZA,  from  yXuKuf,  'sweet,'  and 
pi^a,  'a  root.'  Glycyrrlii'za  Glabra  seu  Lcsvis, 
Liquorit"ia  Scyth'ica,  Glycera'ton,  Glyeyph'ytort, 
Liq'uorice,  Lic'oriee,  Adip'sos,  Alcacas,  Al'imos, 
(F.)  Reglisse.  Ord.  LeguminosEe.  Sex.  Syst. 
Diadelphia  Decandria.  The  root  of  this  southern 
European  plant  is  inodorous  ;  has  a  sweet  taste  ; 
is  mucilaginous ;  and  leaves,  when  unpeeled,  a 
degree  of  bitterness  in  the  mouth.  It  is  used  as 
a  demulcent,  and  chiefly  in  catarrh.  The  extract, 
made  from  it  and  sold  in  the  shops,  is  known 
under  the  name  Spanish  Liquorice  or  Liquorice 
Juice,  (F.)  Jus  de  Reglisse. 

Pectoral  Balsam  of  Liquorice — a  quack  prepa- 
ration—  is  said  by  Dr.  Paris  to  consist  chiefly  of 
Paregoric  Elixi^Cj  strongly  impregnated  with  Oil 
of  Aniseed. 

GLYCYRRHCE'A,  from  y\vKv?,  'sweet,'  and 
p£(i),  'I  flow.'  A  discharge  of  saccharine  fluid 
from  the  system. 

Gltcyrrhoea  Urinosa,  Diabetes  mellitus. 

GLYSTER  HERBS,  Herha  pro  Enem'ate. 
The  herbs  ordinarily  sold  by  the  English  apothe- 
cary under  this  title,  are:  —  tnallow  leaies,  one 
part;  chamomile  flowers,  ouQ  part,  (^iss  to  Oj 
of  water.) 

GNAMPSIS,  Curvature. 

GNAPHALIUM  DIOICUM,  Antennaria 
dioica. 

Gnaphalium  Margarita'ceum;  Cudiceed,  Life 
everlasting.  An  indigenous  plant,  growing  in 
woods  and  fields,  and  flowering  in  August.  Its 
virtues  are  not  defined,  and  the  same  may  be 
said  of 

Gnaphalium  Poltceph'alum;  Sioeet-scented 
Life  everlasting. 

GNATHALGIA,  Neuralgia  maxillaris. 

GNATHANCYLO'SIS,  from  yvado;,  'the  jaw,' 
a,nd  ayKv'Xuxn;,  'stiffness  of  joint.'  Ancylosis  of 
the  lower  jaw. 

GNATHI'TIS,  Inflamma'tio  genm,  from  yvaQo;, 
'the  cheek,  the  jaw.'  Inflammation  of  the  cheek 
or  upper  jaw. 

GNATHMUS,  Gnathus. 

GNATHOCEPH'ALUS,  from  yvaBo?,  'the  jaw,' 
and  Ke(pa\>],  'head.'  A  monster  who  has  no  head 
visible  externally,  but  exhibits  voluminous  jaws. 
— G.  St.  Hilaire. 

GNATHOCYNANCHE,  Cynanche  parotidaa. 

GNATHONEURALGIA,  Neuralgia  maxU- 
laris. 

GNATHOPLAS'TICE,  from  yvaOo^,  'cheek,' 
and  rAaoTiA-of,  'formative.'  The  formation  of  an 
artificial  cheek. 

GNATHOPLE'GIA,  Gnathoparal'ysis,  from 
yvaBos,  and  n\riyi],  '  a  stroke.'  Paralysis  of  the 
cheek.  Gnathoparalysis  is  employed  by  Fuehs 
to  signify  paralysis  of  the  lesser  portion  of  the 
trifacial  nerve,  which  supplies  the  muscles  of 
mastication. 

GNATHORRHAG"IA,  from  yvaOog,  and  'pvy- 
vvfii,  '  to  burst  forth.'  Hemorrhage  from  the  in- 
ternal surface  of  the  cheeks. 

GNATHOSPASMUS,  Trismus. 

GNATHUS,  Gnathmus,  from  Kvaw,  '  I  scrape, 
rub.'  The  cheek,  ihe  jatc.  Also,  the  part  of  tho 
jaws  in  which  the  teeth  are  fixed. — Hippociates, 
Foesius.     See  Bucca,  Gena,  and  Maxillary  Bone. 

GNESIOS,  Legitimate. 

GNOME,  Intellect. 

GNOSIS,  yvuo-tf,  'knowledge.'  A  common 
suflSx,  as  in  Diagno' sis,  Progno' sis,  &,c. 

GOACONAX,  «ee  Toluifera  balsamum. 


GOATS'  BEARD 


412 


GOMPHOSIS 


GOATS'  BEARD,  COMMON,  Tragopogon. 

GOATS'  MILK,  see  Milk,  goats'  — g.  Milk, 
artificial,  see  Milk,  goats' —  g.  Thorn,  Astragalus 
verus.  ,     ^ 

GO  BE  LET  EMETIQUE,  Goblet,  emetic. 

GOBLET,  EMETIC,  Poo'ulum  emet'icum,  Ca- 
lix  vomito'ria,  (F.)  Gobelet  imStique.  A  vessel, 
made  by  pouring  melted  antimony  into  a  mould. 
By  putting  wine  into  this  and  ai^<5wing  it  to  stand 
some  time,  it  acquires  the  property  of  producing 
vomiting.  This  kind  of  emetic  has  been  long 
rejected,  as  the  practitioner  could  never  be  certain 
of  the  dose  he  exhibited. 

GODESBERG,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
These  waters  at  Godesberg,  a  German  mile  from 
Bonn,  are  an  efficacious,  acidulous  chalybeate, 
formerly  known  by  the  name,  Draitach  Water. 
They  contain  chloride  of  sodium,  carbonate  of 
soda,  carbonate  of  lime,  carbonate  of  magnesia, 
and  carbonate  of  iron. 

GODFREY'S  COR'DIAL.  A  celebrated  nos- 
trum, for  which  Di\  Paris  has  given  the  following 
formula.  Infuse  ^ix  of  sassafras  and  of  the  seeds 
of  carraway,  coriander,  and  anise,  each  ^j,  in 
six  pints  of  icater.  Simmer  the  mixture  until  re- 
duced to  Ibiv :  then  add  Ibvj  of  treacle,  and  boil 
the  whole  for  a  few  minutes.  When  cold,  add 
§iij  of  tincture  of  opium.  The  following  form  is 
recommended  by  a  committee  of  the  Philadelphia 
college  of  Pharmacy.  Tinct.  Opii,  Oiss ;  Syrupi 
Nigri,  Oxvj  ;  AlcohoUs,  Oij  ;  Aquae,  Oxxvj  ;  Gar- 
bonatis  Potassce,'^iiss  ;  Olei  Sassafras,  f^iv,  M. 
It  is  anodyne.    ^ 

GODRONNE,  (Canal,)  Cana'lis  Petitia'nus, 
Couronne  ciliaire.  Canal  de  Petit,  Canal  gou- 
dronne.  Canal  or  Bul'lular  Canal  of  Petit.  Petit 
gave  this  name  (from  (F.)  godron,  'a  plait  or 
fold,')  to  the  semicircular  canal,  formed  by  the 
tunica  hyaloidea  around  the  edge  of  the  crystal- 
line ;  because  it  appears,  as  it  were,  plaited  or 
festooned. 

GOGGLE-EYE,  Strabismus. 

GOITRE,  Bronchocele  —  g.  Leaf,  see  Lami- 
naria. 

GOITRE  STICKS.  In  South  America  the 
stems  of  a  seaweed  are  so  called,  because  they 
are  chewed  by  the  inhabitants  where  goitre  pre- 
vails.— Royle. 

GOIT'ROUS,  (F.)  Goitreux.  Relating  or  ap- 
pertaining to  goitre.  One  affected  by  Goitre  or 
Bronchocele, — Goitred. 

GOLD,  Aurum,  Ohrysos,  Sol,  Rex  metallo'rum, 
(F.)  Or.  A  solid,  yellow,  very  brilliant,  hard, 
very  ductile,  malleable,  tenacious,  and  heavy 
metal ;  found  in  nature,  either  in  its  native  state, 
or  combined  with  a  little  silver,  copper,  or  iron. 
6.  g.  19-25. 

Muriate  of  Gold,  Chloride  of  Gold,  Auri  Chlo'- 
ridum,  A.  Terchlo' ridum,  A.  Mu'rias,  A.  Chloru- 
re'tum,  Aurum  Muriat'icum,A.CMora'tum,  A.  Oxy- 
dida'tum  muriat'icum,  A.  Sali'tum,  (F.)  Cklorure 
d'or,  Muriate  d'or,  Hydro-chlorate  d'or  has  been 
admitted  into  the  Pharmacopeia  of  the  United 
States,  and  into  that  of  Paris,  &c.  The  formulae, 
however,  differ.  That  of  the  United  States  is  a 
muriate  with  two  bases ;  and  is  prepared,  accor- 
ding to  the  form  of  Dr.  Chrestien,  by  dissolving 
the  gold  in  a  mixtu"";  of  nitric  and  muriatic  acids, 
and  adding  chloriae  of  sodium  to  the  residuum 
after  evaporation  ;  then  redissolving  and  evapo- 
rating slowly  to  dryness.  The  Parisian  formula 
for  the  Muriate  d'or,  Murias  seu  Chlorure'tum 
Auri,  consists  in  simply  dissolving  the  gold  in 
the  acids,  and  evaporating  to  dryness.  It  has 
been  recommended  as  an  antisyphilitic  in  old,  re- 
bellious, venereal  affections,  exostoses,  and  in  ve- 
nereal, scrofulous  or  cancerous  glandular  enlarge- 
ments.    1/ose,  gr.  l-8th  to  gr.  ss,  rubbed  on  the 


tongue  or  gums.  Internally,  one-sixteentJi  of  a 
grain,  in  pill. 

Various  other  preparations,  as  the  Cy'anide  or 
Tercy'anide,  {Auri  Cyan'idum,  A.  Cyanure'tum, 
A.  Tercyan'idum,  (F.)  Cyanure  d'or;)  the  metal- 
lic gold  in  a  state  of  division  (Aurum  metal'lievm, 
Pulvis  Auri,  (F.)  Or  divise,)  obtained  by  amal- 
gamating gold  with  mercury  and  driving  the 
latter  off  by  heat;  and  in  the  form  of  filings  [An- 
rum  lima' turn;  the  Chloride  of  Gold  and  Sodium, 
(Aurum  muriat'icum  natrona'tum,  A.  muriat'icum, 
A.  chlora'tum  natro'natum,  Chlore'tum  Au'ricum 
Chlore'to  na'trii,  Mu'rias  Au'rico-na'tricvm, 
Chlorure'tum  auri  et  iiatrii,  So'dii  auro-terchlo' - 
ridum,  Hydrochlorate  or  muriate  of  Gold  and 
Soda,  (F.)  Chlorure  d'or  et  de  Sodium,  Hydro- 
chlorate  ou  muriate  d'or  et  de  Sonde;  the  Nitro- 
muriate  of  Gold,  (Aurum  Nitrico-muriat'icum, 
Auri  nitromu'rias,  (F.)  Nitromuriate  d'or;)  the 
Oxide  of  Gold,  (Auri  Ox'idum,  Aurum  Oxida'- 
tum,  Auri  terox'idum,  Perox'ide  of  gold.  Auric 
acid,  (F.)  Oxide  d'or);  and  the  Iodide  of  Gold, 
(Attri  lo'didum,  A.  lodure'tum,  (F.)  lodure  d'or,) 
have  been  employed  in  the  like  affections,  and 
with  similar  results. 

Gold-Beater's  Skin.  The  intestina  recta  of 
the  ox,  which  have  been  beaten  quite  smooth,  for 
the  manufacture  of  gold  leaf.  Used  as  a  defen- 
sive dressing  for  slight  cuts,  &c. 

Gold,  Chloride  of,  see  Gold — g.  Cyanide  of, 
see  Gold — g.  Hydrochlorate  of,  see  Gold — g.  Io- 
dide of,  see  Gold  —  g.  Muriate  of,  see  Gold  —  g. 
Nitro-muriate  of,  see  Gold — g.  Oxide  of,  see  Gold 
— g.  Peroxide  of,  see  Gold — g.  Tercyanide  of,  see 
Gold — g.  and  Sodium,  Chloride  of  oxide  of,  see 
Gold — g.  and  Soda,  hydrochlorate  of,  see  Gold — 
g.  and  Soda,  muriate  of,  see  Gold. 

GoLB  Leap,  Aurum  folia' turn,  Aurum'in  liheV- 
lis.     Used  to  gild  pills  and  to  plug  carious  teeth. 

Gold  Thread,  Coptis. 

GOLDEN  ROD,  Solidago  virgaurea  — g.  r. 
Rigid,  Solidago  rigida  —  g.  Seal,  see  Calumba, 
Hydrastis  Canadensis. 

GOLDENS,  Chrysanthemum  leucanthemum. 

GOLDWASSER,  see  Spirit. 

GOLFE,  Sinus — g.  de  la  Veine  jugulaire,  see 
Jugular  veins. 

GOLTJNCHA,  Menispermum  cordifolium. 

GOMME,  Gumma,  Gummi — g.  Adragant,  Tra- 
gacanth  —  g.  Ammoniaque,  Ammoniac  gum—^-g. 
Arabique,  Acacise  gummi  —  g.  Astringente  de 
Gamhie,  see  Butea  frondosa  —  g.  Caragne,  Ca- 
ranna — g.  Carane,  Caranna — g.  de  Ga'iac,  Guaia- 
cum — g.  Gutte,  Cambogia — g.  de  Lierre,  see  Ile- 
dera  helix — g.  du  Pays,  Gummi  nostras — g.  Se- 
raphique,  Sagapenum. 

GOMPHI'ASIS,  Gomphias'mus,  from  yo/Kpo;, 
'a,  nail.'  A  disease  of  the  teeth,  and  particularly  of 
the  molares;  looseness  of  the  teeth  in  their  sockets. 
Agomphia'sis.     Pain  in  the  teeth.     Odontalgia. 

GOMPHIASMUS,  Gomphiasis. 

GOMPHIOI,  Molar  teeth. 

GOMPHOCAR'PUS  CRISPUS.  A  South 
African  plant,  the  root  of  which,  formerly  known 
to  the  Dutch  apothecaries  as  Radix  Asclepiadis 
crispce,  is  extremely  bitter  and  acrid;  and,  on 
account  of  its  diuretic  virtues,  a  decoction  or  in- 
fusion of  it  has  been  advised  in  various  kinds  of 
dropsy.  A  tincture  of  it  is  said  to  be  valuable 
in  colic. 

GOMPHOMA,  Gomphosis. 

GOMPHO'SIS,  Cardinamen'tum,  Clava'tio, 
Gompho'ma,  Coagmenta'tio,  Inclava'tio,  from  yo/x- 
0of,  '  a  nail.'  Engompho'sis.  An  immovable  ar- 
ticulation, in  which  one  bone  is  received  into 
another,  like  a  nail  or  peg  into  its  hole.  Gom- 
phosis is  only  met  with  in  the  articulations  of  the 


GOMPHUS 


413 


GOXORRH(EA 


teeth  with  the  alveoli.  It  is,  also,  called  Articu- 
lation  par  implantation. 

GOMPHUS,  Clavus. 

GONACRASIA,  Spermatorrhoea. 

GONACRATIA,  Spermatorrhoea. 

GON'AGRA,  Gon'yafira,  from  yovv,  'the  knee,' 
and  aypa,  'a  prey.'  "  That  which  attacks  the  knees." 
Gout  in  the  knees.    Paracelsus  calls  it  Gen'ugra. 

GONAL'GIA,  from  yovv,  'the  knee,'  and  aXyog, 
'nain.'  Pain  in  the  knee.  Gonyal'qia.  This  is 
almost  always  produced  by  gout.  It  may,  how- 
ever, depend  on  some  other  disease,  either  of  the 
knee  or  of  another  part — particularly  of  the  hip- 
joint. 

GONARTHRI'TIS,  from  yovv,  'the  knee,' 
apOpov,  'joint,'  and  itia,  denoting  inflammation. 
Inflammation  of  the  knee-joint. 

GONARTHROCACE,  Gonocace. 

GONAURA,  see  Sperm. 

GONDOLE  00 UL AIRE,  ^caphium  oeulare. 

GONDRBT'S  AMMONIACAL  CAUSTIC, 
Pommade  de  Gondret — g.  Counter-irritant,  Pom- 
made  de_  Gondret. 

GONE,  Gonos,  Genitu'ra.  The  semen;  (hence, 
gonorrhoea) — the  uterus,  offspring.  Hippocrates. 
See  Epigone  and  Generation. 

GONECYSTIDES,  Vesiculse  seminales. 

GONECYSTI'TIS,  Infiamma'tio  vesicula'rum 
semina'liiim,  from  yovrj,  'sperm,'  kvuti;,  'bladder,' 
and  itis,  '  denoting  inflammation.'  Inflammation 
of  the  vesiculfe  seminales. 

GONEPOEUS,  Spermatopoeus. 

GONEPOIETICUS,  Spermatopoeus. 

G0NFLE3IENT,  Swelling. 

GONGRONA,  Bronchocele. 

GONGROPHTHISIS,  Pthisis  pulmonalis. 

GONGYLIDIUM,  Pilula. 

GONGYLION,  Pilula. 

GONGYLIS,  Pilula. 

GONIOM'ETER,  Goniom'etrum ;  from  ymta, 
'  an  angle,'  and  ficrpov,  '  a  measure.'  An  instru- 
ment for  measuring  angles. 

A  '  Facial  Goniometer'  has  been  invented  by 
Mr.  Turnpenny,  of  Philadelphia,  which  is  well 
adapted  for  measuring  the  facial  angle. 

GONOBOLIA,  Ejaculation,  spermatic. 

GONOCACE,  Gonarthroc'ace,  from  yovv,  'the 
knee,'  and  kukos,  '  evil.'  Tumor  genu  albus. 
White  swelling  of  the  knee.     Hydrarthus. 

GONOCELE,  Spermatocele. 

GONOi'DES,  from  yovr,,  'seed,'  and  etSog,  'ap- 
pearance.' Genitu'rcB  sini'ilis.  Similar  to  sperm. 
Sperni'atoid,  Spermatoi'des,  Spermato'dea.  A  term 
appropriated  to  any  substance  which  resembles 
sperm. 

GONOPOIETICUS,  Spermatopoeus. 

GONORRHEE  BATARBE,  Gonorrhoea 
spuria. 

GONORRHCE'A.  Erroneously  called  from 
yovri,  'sperm,'  and  pew,  'I  flow,'  because  the  older 
writers  believed  it  to  be  a  flux  of  semen.  Blen- 
norrhag"ia,  Blennorrhce' a,  Blennure'thria,  Phnl- 
lorrlioi'a,  Medorrhae'a,  31.  viri'Iis,  Catar'rhus  Go- 
norrhoe'a,  G.  vre'thrce,  Urethri'tis,  Injlamma'tio 
xire'thrm,  Urethral' gia,  Proflu'vium  muco'simi 
nre'thrcB,  Blennorrhw'a  nrethra'lis,  Catarrhua  ure- 
thra'lis,  (P.)  Eeoulement,  UrSthrite,  Urf.trite.  An 
inflammatory  discharge  of  mucus  from  the  mem- 
brane of  the  urethra  in  both  sexes  ;  and  from  that 
of  the  prepuce  in  man,  and  the  vagina  in  woman. 
It  may  be  excited  spontaneously,  or  by  irritants 
applied  directly  to  the  membrane ;  but  is,  usually, 
produced  by  impure  connexion.  Two  great  va- 
rieties have  been  generally  reckoned. — 1.  Gonok- 
RHCBA  PuRA  TEL  Benig'na.  That  which  does 
Dot  follow  an  impure  connexion ;  (F.)  Echauffe- 


ment,  Blennorrhag "  ia  henigna,  Caulorrhoe'a 
benig'na,  Catar'rhus  Ure'thrm,  Gonorrhce'a  ca- 
tarrha'lis,  G.  non  contagio'sa  :  —  and  2.  Gonor- 
RHCEA  liSPv'RA.,malig' na, contagio'sa, syphilit'ica, 
et  virulen'ta ;  Flnnr  albus  nialig'nua,  Fluxns  ve- 
ne'reim,  Blennorrhoe'a  luo'des,  My.rio'sis,  Lues 
gonorrho'ica,  Scroph'idae  gonorrho'iccB,  Ttiber'- 
cula  gonorrho'ica.  Clap,  (F.)  Chaudepisse ;  that 
which  is  the  result  of  impure  commerce.  The 
French,  also,  distinguish  the  Chaudepisse  seche, 
or  that  unaccompanied  with  discharge ;  and  the 
Chaudepisse  chordee,  Gonnorrhcea  corda'ta,  or 
that  accompanied  with  chordee,  and  which,  of 
course,  occurs  only  in  the  male.  It  is  the  kind 
that  most  frequently  engages  the  attention  of 
the  practitioner,  and  is  characterized  by  mucous 
discharge  from  the  urethra  or  vagina,  intermixed 
with  specific  matter,  and  accompanied  by  burn.- 
ing  pain  on  micturition.  It  is  decidedly  infec- 
tious. It  is,  however,  a  distinct  disease  from 
syphilis,  and  never  produces  it.  Its  duration  is 
various,  but  the  inflammatory  symptoms  usually 
subside  in  four  or  five  weeks  ;  leaving  generally 
behind  more  or  less  of  the  gonorrhoea  mucosa  or 
gleet.  Gonorrhoea  of  every  kind,  attended  with 
any  inflammatory  symptoms,  is  best  treated  by 
the  antiphlogistic  regimen  ;  avoiding  every  kind 
of  irritation,  and  keeping  the  body  cool  by  small 
doses  of  salts,  and  the  urine  diluted  by  the  mild- 
est fluids.  After  the  inflammatory  symptoms 
have  subsided,  eubebs,  or  the  balsam  of  copaiba, 
exhibited  in  the  dose  of  a  teaspoonful,  three  times 
a  day,  will  be  found  efiectual :  indeed,  during  the 
existence  of  the  inflammatory  symptoms,  it  often 
afi'ords  decided  relief.  Injections  are  rarely  re- 
quired. 

Sometimes,  gonorrhoea  afi"ects  the  glans ;  when 
it  is  called  Gonorrhiea  Spu'ria,  G.  Bal'ani,  Ba- 
lanoblennorrhoe'a,  Balannorrhoe' a,  Balani'tis, 
Blennorrhag" ia  spu'ria  vel  notha,  (F.)  Blennor- 
rhagie  du  gland,  GonorrhSe  hdtarde,  Fausse  Blen- 
norrhagie.  It  requires  only  cleanliness  and  cool- 
ing lotions. 

Some  other  varieties  of  gonorrhoea  have  been 
enumerated,  but  they  are  of  little  moment. 

In  consequence  of  repeated  attacks  of  gonor- 
rho3a,  or  of  the  debility  induced  by  a  single  at- 
tack, it  not  unfrequently  happens,  as  already  re- 
marked, that  a  constant,  small  discharge  occurs, 
or  remains  behind,  after  all  danger  of  infection 
is  removed.  The  great  difference  between  it  and 
gonorrhoea  is,  that  it  is  uninfectious.  The  dis- 
charge consists  of  globular  particles,  contained 
in  a  slimy  mucus,  and  is  generally  devoid  of  that 
yellow  colour  which  characterizes  the  discharge 
of  gonorrhoea  yinilenta.  It  is  unattended  with 
pain;  scalding,  &c.  To  this  state  the  names 
Gleet,  Gonorrhce'a  muco'sa,  Blennorrhoe'a  chron'- 
iea,  Blennorrhoe'a,  &c.,  have  been  given.  It  is 
commonly  a  disease  of  some  duration,  and  de- 
mands the  use  of  the  copaiba,  astringent  injec- 
tions; and,  if  obstinate,  the  introduction  of  the 
bougie. 

GoNORRH(EA  Balani,  G.  Spuria  ^g.  Benigna, 
Leucorrhoea — g.  Catarrhalis,  G.  pura  —  g.  Chor- 
data,  Chordee. 

GoNORRHCEA  Dormien'tium,  G.  Oneirog'onos. 
The  seminal  discharge  which  occurs  during  sleep, 
and  is  occasioned  by  libidinous  dreams.  See  Pol- 
lution. 

GoNORRHffiA  „^xo'rum,  6V  vibidino'sa,  Sper- 
morrhos'a  aton'iea,  consists  of  a  pellucid  discharge 
from  the  urethra,  whilst  awake,  without  erection 
of  the  penis,  but  with  venereal  thoughts. 

GoNOERHCEA  Laxorum,  Pollution,  G.  libidinosa 
— g.  Mucosa,  (gleet,)  see  Gonorrhoea — g.  Noncon- 
tagiosa,  G.  pura  —  g.  Notha  inveterata.  Leuow- 


GONOS 


4U 


GOUT 


rlioea  —  g.  Oneirogonos,  G.  dormientium,  Pollu- 
tion— g.  Vera,  Pollution,  Spermatorrhoea. 

GONOS,  Gone. 

GONOSTROMA,  Proligerous  disc. 
*     GONY,  yoi/v,  Genu,  'the  knee;'  hence: 

GONYAGP.A,  Gonagra. 

GONYALGIA,  Gonalgia. 

GONYC'ROTUS,  from  yow,  'the  knee,'  and 
KooTeu),  '  I  strike.'  One  who  is  knock-kneed,  or 
in-kneed.     See  Entogonyancon. 

GONYON'CUS,  from  yow,  'the  knee,'  and 
oyKOi,  '  a  tumour.'     A  swelling  of  the  knee. 

GOODYE'RA  PUBES'CENS,  Tussa'ca  reti- 
eula'ta,  Satyr'ium,  Neott'ia,  Rattlesnahe  leaf, 
Battlesnake  Plantain,  Networt,  Netleaf,  Scrofula 
weed.  An  indigenous  plant,  used  empirically  in 
scrofula  —  the  fresh  leaves  being  applied  to  the 
sores.     It  is  employed  by  the  Indians. 

GOOSBFOOT,  Chenopodium  anthelminticum 
. —  g.  Angular-leaved,  Chenopodium  bonus  Hen- 
rieus — g.  Stinking,  Chenopodium  vulvaria. 

GOOSEGRASS,  Galium  aparine,  G.  verum. 

GOOSESHARE,  Galium  aparine. 

GOOSESKIN,  Horrida  cutis. 

GORDIUS  MEDINENSIS,  Draeunculus. 

GORGE,  Throat — g.  Grosse,  Bronchocele — g. 
Mai  cle,  Cj'nanche. 

GOB  GEE  JET,  Gorget  — gr.  LHhotome,  Gorget, 
lithotomy — g.  d  JRepoussoir,  see  Gorget. 

GORGET,  from  (F.)  ^orfire, 'the  throat.'  Ca- 
na'lis  canalicula'tus,  Ductor  canalicula'tus,  (F.) 
Gorgeret.  An  instrument  representing  a  long 
gutter,  in  the  shape  of  a  throat,  which  is  espe- 
cially emploj'ed  in  the  operations  of  lithotomy 
and  fistula  in  aHO. 

GoKGET,  Cutting,  see  Gorget,  and  Lithotomy. 

Gorget,  Lituot'omy,  (F.)  Gorgeret  Lithotome, 
Cutting  Gorget,  is  the  one  used  in  the  operation 
for  the  stone,  for  the  purpose  of  dividing  the 
prostate  and  the  neck  of  the  bladder,  so  as  to 
enable  the  surgeon  to  introduce  the  forceps  and 
extract  the  stone.  At  the  end  of  this  gorget  is  a 
crest  or  beak,  which  fits  the  groove  of  the  staff, 
and  admits  of  the  gorget  being  passed  along  it 
into  the  bladder.  Besides  cutting,  there  are  also 
hlunt  gorgets,  intended  to  be  introduced  into  the 
wound  —  their  concavity  semiring  as  a  guide  for 
the  forceps  into  the  bladder. 

The  chief  modifications  in  the  gorget  have  been 
made  by  Andouillet,  Bell,  Blicke,  Bromfield,  Cline, 
Desault,  Foubert,  Hawkins,  Larrey,  Lefevre,  Mi- 
chaelis,  Thomas,  &c. 

GoBGET  FOR  FisTULA  IN  Ano  consists  of  a 
semi-cylindrical  wooden  staff,  four  inches  long, 
without  including  the  handle,  and  furnished  with 
a  wide  groove.  This  is  introduced  into  the  rec- 
tum, to  prevent  the  point  of  the  bistoury  from 
injuring  the  intestine,  when  the  internal  orifice 
of  the  fistula  is  deeply  situate,  and  it  is  desirable 
to  perform  the  operation  by  incision.  This  in- 
gtniment,  invented  by  Marchettis,  has  been  mo- 
dified by  Percy,  Runge,  <fcc. 

Desault  invented  an  instrument  for  conducting 
the  wire  by  the  anus,  in  the  operation  for  fistula 
by  ligature.     He  called  it  Gorgeret  oi  repoussoir. 
GORGO'NEI  FONTES.    Fountains  described 
\>y  Libavius  as  containing  water  which  possessed 
a  petrifying  property;  probably,  water  holding 
in  solution  supercarbonate  of  lime. 
GORGOSSET,  Pyrosis. 
GOSIER,  Pharynx,  Throat. 
.    GOSSUM,  Bronchocele. 

GOSSYP'IUM,  Goasyp'tum  Herha'ceum ;  Gos- 
np'ion  Xylon,  Xylam,  Bomhax,  Cotton,  (F.)  Co- 
ton.  Family,  MalvacetB.  Sex.  Syat.  Monadel- 
phia  Polyaudria,  The  seeds  of  the  Cotton  Tree, 
Gosaip'ium  arbor'eum,  have  been  administered  in 


coughs,  on  account  of  the  mucilage  they  contain. 
The  cotton  wool  is  used  in  medicine  for  making 
moxas,  &c. 

GOTIUM,  Bronchocele. 

GOUDRON,  see  Pinus  sylvestris. 

GOUET,  Arum  maculatum. 

GOVETRE,  Bronchocele. 

GOULARD'S  LOTION,  see  Lotion,  Goulard's. 

GouLAHD  "Water,  Liquor  plumbi  subacetatis 
dilutus. 

GOULU,  Glutton. 

GOUPiD,  Cucurbita — g.  Bitter,  Cucumis  colo- 
cynthis — g.  Bottle,  Cucurbita  pepo. 

GOURD  "WORM,  Distoma  hepaticum. 

GOURMANDISE,  Gluttony. 

GOURME,    Porrigo    larvaUs.      Vulgarly,    in 
France,  any  cutaneous  eruption. 

GOUSSE,  Legumen. 

GOUT,  Arthri'tis,  ArtTi'ragra,  Arthral'gia, 
Ilorbus  domino'rnm.  Malum  articulo'rum.  Morbus 
articula'ris,  Gutta,  Arthro'aia  Pod'agra,  PodaV - 
gia,  Pod'agra,  Arthrit'icus  verus,  Arthri'tis  Po- 
dagra, Podagra  Arthri'tis,  Flux'io  arthrit'icu, 
Febris  arthrit'ica,  F.  Podag'rica,  Arthrodyn'ia 
podag'rica,  Cauma  podag'ricum,  Flereein,  Gas- 
tro-arihri'tis,  Misopto'ehos,  (F.)  Goutte.  The 
gout  was  formerly  regarded  as  a  catarrh,  and  re- 
ceived its  name  from  (F.)  goutte,  (L.)  gutta,  'a 
drop  ;'  because  it  was  believed  to  be  produced  by 
a  liquid,  which  distilled,  goutte  d.  goutte,  '  drop 
by  drop,  on  the  diseased  part.  This  name,  which 
seems  to  have  been  first  used  about  the  year 
1270,  has  been  admitted  into  the  different  lan- 
guages of  Europe.  Gout  is  an  inflammation  of 
the  fibrous  and  ligamentous  parts  of  the  jointF. 
It  almost  always  attacks,  first,  the  great  toe ; 
whence  it  passes  to  the  other  smaller  joints,  after 
having  produced,  or  been  attended  with,  various 
sympathetic  effects,  particularly  in  the  digestive 
organs :  after  this,  it  may  attack  the  greater  ar- 
ticulations. It  is  an  affection  which  is  extremely 
fugitive,  and  variable  in  its  recurrence.  It  may 
be  acquired  or  hereditary.  In  the  former  case,  it 
rarely  appears  before  the  age  of  thirty-five ;  in 
the  latter,  it  is  frequently  observed  earlier.  It  is 
often  difficult  to  distinguish  it  from  rheumatism. 
A  combination  is,  indeed,  supposed  to  exist  some- 
times ;  hence  called  iiAe«niaf!c  lyowf.  During  the 
paroxysm  or  fit,  a  burning,  lancinating  pain  is 
experienced  in  the  affected  joint,  attended  with 
tumefaction,  tension,  and  redness.  One  or  more 
joints  may  be  attacked,  either  at  the  same  time 
or  in  succession ;  and,  in  either  case,  the  attack 
terminaies  by  resolution  in  a  few  days.  This  is 
the  Arthri'tis  acu'ta,  inflanimato' ria  vel  regula'- 
ris,  Regidar  gout,  Arthro'sia  pod'agra  regula'ris, 
Arth'ragra  legit'ima  seu  vera  seu  genui'na  seu 
norma'lis,  (F.)  Goutte  reguliere  chaude.  At  other 
times,  pains  in  the  joints  exist,  of  more  or  less 
acute  character ;  the  swelling  being  without  red- 
ness. These  pains  persist,  augment,  and  diminish 
irregularly,  without  exhibiting  intermission,  and, 
consequently,  without  having  distinct  paroxysms. 
The  disease  is  then  called  aton'ic,  asthen'ic,  im~ 
perfect  or  irregular  gout.  Chronic  G.,  Arthri'tit 
aton'iea  vel  astlien'ica,  Arthro'sia  Podagra  lar- 
va'ta,  Dysarthri'tis.  It  is,  also,  commonly  called 
in  France  Goutte  froide,  Goutte  blanche.  It  may 
appear  primarily,  or  succeed  attacks  of  regular 
gout. 

Gout  does  not  always  confine  itself  to  the  jointi'. 
It  may  attack  the  internal  organs :  when  it  is 
called  Arthritis  aber'rans  seu  errat'ica  seu  ptu- 
net'ica,  Arth'ragra  anom'ala,  Pod'agra  aber'rane, 

Vare'ni,  Wandering,  misplaced,  ox  anomalous  goiU, 
(F.)  Goutte  vague. 

Ret'rograde  gout.  Arthritis  retrog'rada.  Poda- 
gra retrog'rada,  Arthro'aia  Podagra  coniplica'tct, 


GOUT 


415 


GRANULATION 


Rece'dent,  nuspla'ced  gout,  (F.)  Govtte  remontee, 
G.  malplacee,  G.  rentree,  is  when  it  leaves  the 
joints  suddenly  and  attacks  some  internal  organ, 
as  the  stomach,  intestines,  lungs,  brain,  &c. 

Gout  is  also  called,  according  to  the  part  it 
may  affect,  Podagra,  Gonagra,  Chiragra,  &o. 
It  may  be  acute  or  chronic,  and  may  give  rise  to 
ooneretions,  which  are  chiefly  composed  of  urate 
of  soda.  See  Calculus,  (arthritic.)  It  may,  also, 
give  occasion  to  nodosities,  when  it  is  called  Ai-- 
thrith  nodo'sa,  (F.)  Goutte  nouee. 

The  treatment  is  of  the  antiphlogistic  kind, 
and  the  local  disorder  should  be  but  little  inter- 
fered with.  Colchicum  seems  to  have  great  power 
aver  the  disease.  It  forms  the  basis  of  the  Eau 
medintiale  d'Husson,  a  celebrated  French  gout- 
remedy.  The  bowels  must  be  kept  regular  by 
rhubarb  and  magnesia;  and  a  recurrence  of  the 
disease  be  prevented  by  abstemious  habits. 

Gout,  Diaphragmatic,  Angina  pectoris. 

Gout,  Paper,  so  called,  Charta,  antiarthrit'ica, 
Charta  antirheumat' ica,  is  made  by  spreading  a 
very  thin  layer  of  a  mixture  of  an  ethereal  or 
epirituous  extract  of  the  bark  of  mezereon  root, 
vrith  wax,  spermaceti,  and  oil,  over  the  surface 
of  paper. 

Gout,  Rheumatic,  see  Rheumatism,  acute — g. 
Weed,  Ligusticum  podagraria. 

GOUT,  Taste. 

GOUTTE,  Gout,  Gutta  — ^.  Blanclie,  Gouf 
(atonic) — g.  Froide,  Gout  (atonic) — g.  Malplacee, 
Gout  (retrograde) — g.  Nouee,  Gout  (with  nodosi- 
ties) —  g.  Regxdiere,  chaude.  Gout  (regular)  — g, 
Remontee,  Gout  (retrograde) — g.  Rentree,  Gout 
(retrograde) — g.  Rose,  Gutta  rosea — g.  Sciatique, 
Neuralgia  femoro-poplitsea — g.  Sereiue,  Amauro- 
sis— g.  Vaque,  Gout  (wandering.) 

GOUTTEUX,  Arthritic,  Podagric. 

GOUTTIERE  (F.),  ColUc"ia.  A  gutter  in  a 
bone,  like  that  used  for  carrying  off  rain.  Some 
af  these  cavities  are  intended  to  facilitate  the 
sliding  of  tendons,  such  as  the  Gouttiere  Bicipi- 
tale  or  Ricip'ital  groove.  Others,  as  the  Gout- 
tiere sagittale  or  Sagittal  grooi^e,  lodge  blood- 
vessels and  especially  veins.  Others,  again,  are 
merely  intended  for  the  support  of  certain  organs; 
£ks  the  Gouttiere  basilaire  or Ras'ilari/  fossa,  yvhich 
(Bupports  the  medulla  oblongata. 

GOUTTIERE  BASILAIRE,  see  Gouttiere— 
g,  Bieipitale,  Bicipital  groove — g.  Lacrymale, 
Lachrymal  groove  —  g.  Sucre,  Sacral  groove  — 
g.  Sagittale,  see  Gouttiere. 

GOUTY  RHEUMATISM,  see  Rheumatism, 
acute. 

GOUVERNAIL  BU  TESTIGULE,  Guber- 
naculum  testis. 

GOWLAND'S  LOTION,  see  Lotion,  Gow- 
land's. 

GOWN,  RED,  Strophulus— g.  Yellow,  Icterus 
infantum. 

GRAGILARIA  LICHENOIDES,  Fucus  amy- 
laceus. 

GRACILIS,  Macer,  Macilen'tua.  Slender, 
lean.  Also,  the  slender  Rectus  inte'rior  fem'oris 
give  Grac"ilis  interior,  Sous-puhio-creti-tihial, 
Sous-puhio-pretibial  (Ch.),  Droit  ou  grele  interyie 
d-e  la  cuisse.  This  muscle  is  situate  at  the  inside 
of  the  thigh.  It  is  thin  and  very -long;  and 
arises  from  the  descending  ramus  of  the  pubis, 
to  be  inserted  at  the  inner  and  inferior  part  of 
the  tuberosity  of  the  tibia.  It  bends  the  leg  and 
causes  abduction  of  the  thigh.     See  Grele. 

Gracilis,  Anterior,  Rectus  femoris. 

GPoAD'UATE,  Gradua'tus,  from  gradus,  'a 
step,'  '  a  degree.'  In  medicine,  one  who  has  at- 
tained a  degree,  evidenced  by  a  diploma — usually, 
the  degree  of  doctor. 

GR^A,  ypaia.    The  pellicle,  which  forms  on 


milk.  The  folds  of  skin  round  the  umbilicas.  An 
old  woman. 

GRAIN,  Granum ;  the  60th  part  of  a  Troy, 
and  the  72d  part  of  a  Poids  de  marc  drachm. 

Grain,  Oily,  Sesamum  orientale. 

GRAINE  B'EGARLATE,  Coccus  cacti  — j/. 
Muse,  Hibiscus  abelmoschus — g.  de  Turquie,  Zea 
mays  —  g.  d' Aspic,  see  Phalaris  Canariensis  — 17. 
de  Paradis,  Amomum  granum  paradisi  —  g.  de 
Perroquet,  Carthamus  tinctorius  (seed)  —  g.  de 
Sante,  see  Pilulse  aloes  et  kinse  kinee. 

GRAISSE,  Pinguede  —  g.  de  Mouton,  Sevnm 
—  g.  d'Oie,  Adeps  anserina — g.  Oxygenee,  Un- 
guentum  acidi  nitrosi  —  g.  de  Pore,  Adeps  pr»- 
parata. 

GRAMEN  ^GYPTIACUM,  G.  Crucis  cypc- 
rioidis — g.  Caninum,  Triticum  repens. 

Gramen  Crucis  Cyperioi'dis,  Grawen  JEgyp- 
tiacum,  ^gyp'tian  Cock's  foot  grass.  The  roots 
and  plants  possess  the  virtues  of  the  Triticum 
repens,  and  have  been  recommended  in  the  ear- 
lier stages  of  dropsy.  They  were,  formerly,  con- 
sidered to  possess  many  other  properties. 

Gramen  Dioscoridis,  Triticum  repens — g.  Ma- 
jor, SarsaparillaGermanica — g.  Orientale,  Juncua 
odoratus  —  g.  Repens,  Triticum  repens  —  g.  Ru- 
brum,  Sarsaparilla  Germanica. 

GRAMIA,  CHASSIE,  Lippitudo. 

GRAMINIVOROUS,  Graminiv'orus,  from  gra 
men,  'grass,'  and  voro,  'I  eat.'  Feeding  or  sub 
sisting  on  gra,gs. 

GRAMMARIUM,  Scruple. 

GRAMME,  ypanfiri.  An  ancient  weight,  equi- 
valent to  the  24th  part  of  an  ounce,  or  to  24 
grains,  or  a  scruple,  avoirdupois.  At  the  present 
day,  the  gramme  is  equal  in  weight  to  a  cubed 
centimetre  of  water;  or  to  18  grains,  poids  de 
marc — 15.434  grains,  Troy. 

Gramme,  Iris,  Line. 

GRAN  A,  Hemicrania  —  g.  Molucca,  Croton 
tiglium  —  g.  Moschi,  Hibiscus  abelmoschus  —  g. 
Orientis,  see  M^j^ispermum  cocculus  —  g.  Tiglii 
seu  Tiglia,  see  Croton  tiglium  —  g.  Tilii,  Croton 
tiglium. 

GRANADILLA,  APPLE-SHAPED,  Passifio- 
ra  maliformis. 

GRANATI  RADICIS  CORTEX,  see  Punica 
granatum. 

GRAND  DORSAL,  Latissimus  dorsi. 

GRANDEB'AL^.  The  hair  which  grows  in 
the  arm-pits. 

GRANDINOSUM  OS,  Cuboid. 

GRANDO,  Chalaza. 

GRANDULA,  Gland. 

GRANIVOROUS,  Gramv'orus,  from  granum, 
'a  grain,'  and  voro,  '1  eat.'  Feeding  or  subsist- 
ing on  grain  or  seeds. 

GRANTRISTUM,  Anthrax. 

GRANULA  SEMINIS,  see  Sperm. 

GRANULAR  DEGENERATION  or  DISOR- 
GANIZATION OF  THE  KIDNEY,  Kidney, 
Bright's  disease  of  the — g.  Conjunctiva,  Trachoma 
— g.  Eyelid,  Trachoma — g.  Liver,  Cirrhosis  —  g. 
Tin,  see  Tin. 

GRANULATED  LIVER,  Cirrhosis. 

GRANULA'TION,  Granula'tio,  from  granum, 
'a  grain.'  Gemma,  (F.)  Bourgeon,  B.  charnu. 
Granulations  are  the  reddish,  conical,  flesh-like 
shoots,  which  form  at  the  surface  of  suppurating 
wounds  and  ulcers.  They  are  the  product  of  in- 
flammatory excitement,  and  may  be  produced 
in  indolent  ulcers,  by  exciting  the  parts  by  pro~ 
per  stimulants.  They  form  the  basis  of  the  ci- 
catrix. 

Granulation  is,  likewise,  a  name  given  by 
the  modern  French  physicians  to  an   organic 


GRANULATIONS 


416 


GRAVIDITAS 


legion,  consisting  in  the  formation  of  small,  round, 
firm,  shining,  semi-transparent  tumours,  of  the 
size  and  shape  of  millet-seed,  or  of  a  pea;  ■which 
are  met  with  in  the  lungs  particularly,  and  in 
considerable  quantity ;  often  without  materially 
interfering  with  their  functions. 

In  pharmacy,  granulation  is  a  process  by  which 
a  metal  is  reduced  to  fine  grains,  by  melting  it, 
and  causing  it,  whilst  liquid,  to  pass  through  a 
kind  of  sieve  into  a  vessel  of  water, — as  in  the 
making  of  shot :  —  or  by  shaking  or  rubbing  the 
melted  metal  in  an  appropriate  box  or  vessel, — 
as  in  the  formation  of  granular  tin  or  granulated 
zinc.  ^     ^ 

GRANULATIONS  CEREBRALES,  Glan- 
dule Pacchioni. 

Gkanula'tions  Mil'iaby,  or  Ililiary  tu'her- 
cles,  are  the  small,  transparent  grains,  of  varia- 
able  size,  from  that  of  a  millet-seed  to  that  of  a 
grain  of  hemp,  which  are  presumed  to  be  the 
primitive  state  of  tubercles. 

GRAN'ULE,  Gran'ulum;  diminutive  of  gra- 
nttm,  'a.  grain.'  A  small  grain;  a  small  compact 
particle ;  a  cy toblast. 

Gran'ules  Sem'inal,  Gran'ida  sem'ims.  Mi- 
nute, rounded,  granulated  bodies,  observable  in 
the  semen,  which  are,  in  all  cases,  much  less 
numerous  than  the  spermatozoids.     See  Sperm. 

GRANVILLE'S  LOTION,  see  Lotion,  Gran- 
vilie's  counter-irritant. 

GRAPE,  see  Vitis  vinifera  —  g.  Sea-side,  see 
Kino. 

Grape-Cuee,  (F.)  Cure  chi  raishi,  (G.)  Trau- 
b  en  cur.  A  mode  of  medication  in  Germany, 
which  consists  in  the  use  of  the  grape  for  both 
meat  and  drink ;  nothing  more  at  the  farthest 
being  allowed  than  a  piece  of  dry  bread.  This 
diet  is  continued  for  weeks.  Its  effects  are  alto- 
gether revellent,  and  resemble  in  many  respects 
those  of  hydropathy. 

Grapes,  Dried,  Uvse  passas. 
GRAPHIDOIDES,  Styloid. 
GRAPHIODES,  Styloid. 
GRAPHIOIDES,  Styloid. 
GRAPHIS'CUS,  Graphis'cm  Di'oclis.    An  in- 
strument invented  by  Diodes  for  extracting  darts. 
It  is  described  by  Celsus. 

GRAPHI'TES,  Plumba'go,  Supercarhure'tum 
Ferri,  Carhure'tum  Ferri,  Ferri  Carhona' turn,  F. 
Supercarbure'tum,  Carbo  minera'lis,  Galene'a, 
Gale'ue,  Carburet  of  iron,  Black  lead,  Wad,  (F.) 
Crayon  noir,  Plombagine.  This  substance  has 
been  esteemed  slightly  astringent  and  desicea- 
tive.  It  has  been  advised  by  Weinhold  in  the 
cure  of  herpes. 

GRAPHOIDES,  Styloid. 
GRAPHOSPASMUS,  Cramp,  writers'. 
GRAS  BES  CADAVRES,  Adipocire  —  jr.  de 
Jambe,  Sura — g.  des  Cimetieres,  Adipocire — g.  de 
Jambe,  Sura. 

GRAS  FONDURE  (F.),  Biarrhce'a  adipo'sa, 
literally,  molten  grease.  A  species  of  diarrhoea, 
referred  to  by  old  writers ;  accompanied  with  great 
emaciation,  and  in  which  the  evacuations  contain 
fat-like  matter.  According  to  Sauvages,  the  Graa- 
fondure  differs  from  colliquative  diarrhoea  in  not 
being  attended  with  hectic  fever. 

GPiASS,  Asparagus — g.  Bitter,  Aletris  farinosa 
—  g.  Blue-eyed,  fiisyrinchium  Bermudianum — g. 
Drome,  Bromus  ciliatus — g.  Brome,  soft,  Bromus 
jiliatus — g.  Canary,  cultivated,  Phalaris  Canari- 
ensis — g.  Couch,  Triticum  repens — g.  Dog,  Triti- 
eum  ripens  —  g.  Egyptian  cock's  foot,  Gramon 
OTucis  cyperioides  —  g.  Goat's,  Scorzoncra — g. 
Knot,  Polygonum  aviculare  —  g.  Lily,  Sisyrin- 
chium  Bermudianum  —  g.  Physic,  Sisyrinchium 
Bermudianum — g.  Scurvy,  Sisyrinchium  Bermu- 


dianum— g.  Sweet,  Acorus  Calamus — g.  Vipers', 
Scorzonera — g.  Yellow-eyed,  Xyris  bulbosa. 

GRASSET,  (F.)  The  anterior  region  of  the 
thigh,  bounded  below  by  the  patella. 

GRASSEYE3IENT  (F.),  Somts  blastts,  Rotn- 
cis'mus,  from  {'F.)graa,  'thick.'  'Speaking thick.' 
According  to  Sauvages,  a  vicious  pronunciation 
of  the  letter  r.  They  who  speak  thick,  like  the 
Inhabitants  of  Newcastle,  in  England,  or  of  Havre, 
in  France,  have  difiBculty  in  pronouncing  the  r, 
and  they  frequently  substitute  for  it  the  letter  ?  ; 
but  this  does  not  properly  constitute  Grasseye- 
inent.  It  consists  in  this :  that,  in  words  in 
which  the  letter  r  is  joined  to  another  consonant, 
a  sort  of  burring  or  guttural  rolling  is  heard, 
nearly  like  that  produced  by  gargling.  See  Ro- 
tacism. 

GRASUS,  Cinabra. 

GRATELLE,  Psoriasis. 

GRATIA  DEI,  Gratiola  officinalis. 

GRATIOLA  CENTAURIODES,  G.  officinalis, 

Gratio'la  Officina'lis,  Digita'lis  min'ima, 
Gra'tia  Bei,  Gratiola  Centawioidea,  Hedge  hys- 
sop), Herb  of  Grace.  It  is  a  native  of  the  South 
of  Europe.  (F.)  Herbe  au  pauvre  liomme.  The 
plant  is  inodorous ;  taste  strong,  bitter,  nauseous. 
It  is  possessed  of  anthelmintic,  purgative,  emetic, 
and  diuretic  properties.     Dose,  ten  grains. 

GRATTERON,  Galium  aparine. 

GRATTOIR,  Raspatorium. 

GRAVATIF,  Heavy. 

GRAVE,  Serious — g.  Plant,  Datura  sanguinea. 

GRAVEDO,  Catarrh,  Coryza^ — g.  Neonatorum, 
Snuffles. 

GRAVEL,  Lith'ia  rena'lis  areno'sa,  Lithi'asis 
nephrit'ica,  L,  rena'lis,  (F.)  Gravelle.  A  disease 
occasioned  by  small  concretions,  similar  to  sand 
or  gravel,  Gla'rea,  (F.)  Gravier,  which  form  in 
the  kidneys,  pass  along  the  ureters  to  the  blad- 
der, and  are  expelled  with  the  urine.  These  con- 
cretions, which  are  commonly  composed  of  uric 
acid  and  an  animal  matter,  are  deposited  at  the 
bottom  of  the  vessel,  immediately  after  the  excre- 
tion of  the  urine;  and,  by  their  hardness  and 
resistance  under  the  finger,  differ  considerably 
from  the  ordinary  sediment  of  that  liquid.  A 
vegetable  diet  and  alkaline  drinks  are  the  best 
prophylactics.  See  Calculi,  Urinary.  A  ft  of 
the  Gravel,  Nephralgia  calcido'sa  sen  areno'sa, 
Co'lica  nephrit'ica,  is  the  excruciating  suffering 
induced  by  the  passage  of  gravel  from  the  kidney 
to  the  bladder.  It  can  only  be  relieved  by  anaes- 
thetics, opiates,  the  warm  bath,  &c. 

When  the  deposit  is  in  fine  particles,  it  is 
termed  Sand,  Are'na,  Are'ntda,  Psam'ma,  Psam- 
mus. 

Gravel  Grass,  Galium  verum. 

Gravel,  Pileous  or  Hairy,  (F.)  Gravelle  pi- 
leuse.  A  species  of  gravel  containing  hairs,  phos- 
phate of  lime,  ammoniaco-magnesian  phosphate, 
and  a  little  uric  acid. — Magendie. 

GRAVELEUX,  Calculous. 

GRAVELLE,  Chalaza,  Gravel  — g-.  Piletuie, 
Gravel,  pileous. 

GRAVEOLENS,  Fetid. 

GRAVID,  Pregnant. 

GRAV'IDINE;  from  gravid  us,  'pregnant,' 
gravis,  'heavy.'  A  sediment  in  the  urine  of 
pregnant  women,  which  by  its  decomposition 
gives  rise  to  the  pellicle  kyestein.  It  differs  from 
albumen,  casein  and  gelatin. — Stark, 

GRAVIDITAS,  Fecundation,  Pregnancy  — g. 
Abdominalis,  Pregnancy,  abdominal  —  g.  Extra- 
uterina,  see  Pregnancy — g.  Extra-uterina  in  Ova- 
rio.  Pregnancy,  ovarian — g.  Extra-uterina  Se- 
cundaria, Metacyesis  —  g.  Interstitialis,  Preg- 
nancy, interstitial — g.  Molaris,  Mole — g.  Spuri.a, 


GEA  VIER 


417 


GROUND  BERRY 


Pregnancy,  false — g.  Tubaria,  Salpingo-cyesis — 
g.  Uteri  substantia,  Pregnancy,  interstitial — g. 
Uterina,  Pregnancy. 

GRA  VIER.  Gravel. 

GRAVIMETER,  Areometer. 

GRAVIS,  Heavy. 

GRAVITY,  SPECIF'IC,  Gravitaa  si^eeiflca, 
(E.)  Pesanteur  S2}ecijlque.  The  relation  between 
the  weight  of  a  body  and  its  bulk ;  thus,  suppos- 
ing four  bodies  to  be  of  the  same  size,  but  to 
■weigh,  one  four,  another  three,  another  two,  and 
the  fourth  one  ,•  the  specific  gravity  of  the  first 
will  be  four  times  greater  than  that  of  the  last. 
The  specific  gravities  of  different  bodies  are, 
therefore,  as  the  weights,  bulk  for  bulk.  For 
solids,  and  liquids,  water  is  taken  as  the  unit; 
atmospheric  air  for  the  gases.  Thus,  water  is 
1.000  J  mercury  at  the  common  temperature, 
13.58.  Whence,  we  conclude  mercury  is  between 
thirteen  and  fourteen  times  heavier  than  water. 

GRAY  MATTER  OF  THE  BRAIN,  Cortex 
cerebri,  see  Neurine. 

GREASE,  from  (F.)  Graisse,  'fat.'  A  specific 
inflammation,  affecting  the  skin  of  the  heels  of 
the  horse,  which  is  especially  interesting  from 
the  circumstance,  that  the  matter,  if  inserted 
under  the  cuticle  of  an  unprotected  individual, 
may  give  rise  to  an  affection  —  yrease-pox,  vari- 
olcB  equina  —  which  preserves  the  person  from 
small-pox.  (?) 

Gkease,  Barroav's,  Adeps  suilla  —  g.  Goose, 
Adeps  anserina  —  g.  Molten,  Gras-fondure  —  g. 
Pox,  see  Grease. 

GREENHEART,  see  Bebeeru. 

GREENHOW'S  TINCTURE  FOR  THE 
TEETH,  Spiritus  armoracise  compositus. 

GREEN  SICKNESS,  Chlorosis. 

GREENWEED,  Genista  tinctoria. 

GR&LE  {^.),Grac"ilis,  'long  and  thin.'  This 
epithet  is  given  by  the  French  to  various  parts, 
as  the 

Apophyse  Grele  du  Martenu,  the  slender  apioph'- 
ysis  or  process  of  the  mal'leus,  a  long  process 
situate  at  the  anterior  part  of  the  neck  of  the 
malleus,  which  passes  out  by  the  fissure  of  Gla- 
serius.  It  is  also  called  the  ApopJi' ijsis  of  Ran, 
although  it  was  already  known  to  Fabricius  ab 
Aquapendente  and  to  CEecilius  Follius. 

GRELE,  Chalaza  —  g.  Interne  de  la  Cuisse, 
Gracilis. 

GREMIL  OFFICINALE,  Lithospermum  offi- 

GREMIUM,  Vulva. 

GRENADE,  Influenza. 

GRENADIER,  Puniea  granatum. 

GRENADIN,  see  Puniea  granatum. 

GRENIERS,  Vesiculffi  seminales. 

GRENOUILLE,  Rana  esculeuta. 

GRENOUILLETTE,  Ranula. 

GREOULX,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Sul- 
phuretted springs  in  the  department  of  Basses- 
Alpes,  France. 

GRESSURA,  Perineeum. 

GRESSUS,  Walking. 

GREVEURE,  Hernia. 

GRIELUM,  Apium  petroselinum,  Smyrnium 
oiusatrum. 

GRIFF,  see  Mulatto. 

GRIFFO,  see  Mulatto. 

GRINOEMENT  DES  DENTS,  Brygmus. 

GRINDERS,  Molar  teeth  — g.  Asthma,  see 
Asthma,  grinders' — g.  Rot,  Asthma,  grinders'. 

GRINDING  MILL,  see  Pulverization. 

GRIPES,  Tormina,  Colic. 

Gripes,  Watery.  A  popular  name  for  a  dan- 
gerous disease  of  infancy,  common  in  England, 
27 


which  does  not  differ  essentially  from  the  cholera 
infantum  of  this  country. 

GRIPHOSIS,  Onyehogryphosis. 

GRIPPE  (F.),  from  gripper,  'to  gripe,'  'catch 
hold  of.'  A  vulgar  name  for  several  catarrhal 
diseases,  which  have  reigned  epidemically;  as 
the  influenza. 

GRIPPE,  Pinched. 

GRITS,  Groats,  (Sax.)  S)?icca;  (G.)  Gries, 
'gravel,  grits.' 

GRIT  GRUEL,  Water  gruel.  This  is  made 
as  follows  : — Take  three  ounces  oi  grits  ;  wash 
them  well  in  cold  water,  and,  having  poured  off 
the  fluid,  put  them  into  four  pints  of  fresh  water, 
and  boil  slowly  until  the  water  is  reduced  one- 
half;  then  strain  through  a  sieve.  It  is  a  good 
demulcent,  and  is  employed  also  as  a  vehicle  for 
clysters. 

GROAN,  see  Suspirium. 

GROATS,  German  Gr-utze;  Gritfnm,  Ave'na 
excortica'ta ;  (F.)  Gruau,  Oatmeal,  (Yorhshire.) 
Oats,  hulled,  butunground,  [Lancashire.)  Hulled 
oats,  half  ground.  Oats  that  have  the  hulls  taken 
off;  Grits.  When  crushed,  they  are  termed 
Emhden  groats.  In  America,  fine  hominy  is  called 
Grits,  and  wheat  prepared  in  the  same  way  ia 
likewise  so  designated.  It  is  also  called  wheaten 
hominy. 

Groats,  Cracow,  Semolina. 

GROG-BLOSSOMS,  Gutta  rosea. 

GROG-ROSES,  Gutta  rosea. 

GROMWELL,  Lithospermum  officinale. 

GROOVE,  Furrow,  Sulcus,  (F.)  Rainure.  Ice- 
landic, grafa,  Sax.  jvaJTan,  '  to  dig.'  A  channel 
or  gutter,  in  a  bone  or  surgical  instrument.  See 
Coxdisse. 

Grooye,  Primitive,  Primitive  strealc  or  trace, 
Nota  2)rimiti'va.  A  bright  streak  in  the  long 
axis  of  the  pellucid  part  of  the  area  germinativa, 
after  it  presents  a  central  pellucid  and  a  periphe- 
ral opake  part,  and  passes  from  the  round  to  the 
pear  shape. 

GROOVED.  Same  etymon.  Sidea'fus,  Stria'- 
tus,  Canalioida'tus,  (F.)  Gannele  ou  Canele  ou 
Canalicxde  ;  Canalieulated.  Having  a  small  chan- 
nel or  gutter. 

GROS,  Drachm  —  g.  Cou,  Bronchocele. 

GROSEILLIER  NOIR,  Ribes  nigrum  — (/. 
Rouge,  Ribes  rubrum. 

GROSSE  GORGE,  Bronchocele. 

GROSSESSE,  Pregnancy- gr.  Abdominale, 
Pregnancy,  abdominal  —  g.  Afoetale,  Pregnancj', 
afcetal — g.  Bigeminale,  Pregnancy,  bigeminal — 
g.  Complexe,  Pregnancy,  complex — g.  Composic, 
Pregnancy,  compound  —  g.  Co ntre -nature,  Preg- 
nancy, extra-uterine  —  g.  Faiisse  ou  apparcnte. 
Pregnancy,  false — g.  Fcetale,  Pregnancy,  foetal — 
g.  Gazo-hysterique,  Pregnancy,  gazo-hysteric  — 
g.  Hemato-hysterique,  Pregnancy,  hemato-hyste- 
Tia—g.  Hydro-hysterique,  Pregnancy,  hydro-hys- 
teric—  g.  Inter-extra-uterine,  Pregnancy,  com- 
plex—g-.  Ocarienne,  Pregnancy,  ovarial — g.  Sar- 
co-hysterique.  Pregnancy,  sarco-hysteric — g.  Sar- 
cofcetale,  Pregnancy,  sarcofoetal — g.  Simple,  Preg- 
nancy, solitary — g.  Solitaire,  Pregnancy,  solitary 
—  g.  Trigeininale,  Pregnancy,  trigeminal — g. 
Trip)le,  Pregnancy,  trigeminal — g,  Tuhaire,  Preg- 
nancy, tubal —  g.  Utero-abdominale,  Pregnancy, 
utero-abdominal — g.  Utero-ovarienne,  Pregnancy, 
utero-ovarian — g.  Uiero-tubaire,  Pregnancy,  ute- 
ro-tubal. 

GROSSULARIA  NIGRA,  Ribes  nigrum-  g. 
Non  spinosa,  Ribes  nigrum  —  g.  Rubra,  Ribes 
rubrum. 

GROUILLEMENT  D'ENTRAILLES,  Bor- 
borygmus. 

GROUND    BERRY,   Gaultheria  —  g.  Holljr, 


GROUNDSEL 


418 


GUMMA 


Gaulthoria — g.  Ivy,  Gaultheria — g.  Nut,  Arachis 
hypogea,  Pignut — g.  Pine,  Teucrium  chamsepitys 
— g.  p.  French,  Teucrium  iva. 

GROUNDSEL,  Seneeio. 

GROUSEBERRY,  Gaultheria. 

GROWTH,  from  Dutch  groeyen,  Orescentm, 
Anaplo'sis,  Anaptt/x'is,  (P.)  Croissance.  The  de- 
velopment of  the  body  ;  particularly  in  the  direc- 
tion of  its  height.  Also,  any  adventitious  tissue; 
thus,  we  speak  of  a  morbid  growth  ov  formation, 

GRUAU,  Groats. 

GRUB,  Larve,  see  Ectozoa. 

GRUEL,  GRIT,  see  Grits— g.  Water,  see  Ave- 
na,  and  Grits. 

GRUFF,  from  Teutonic  ge,  and  ruh,  'rough.' 
In  pharmacy,  the  coarse  residue,  which  will  not 
pass  through  the  sieve  in  pulverization, 

GRU3fEAU,  Coagulum. 

GRUMOUS,  Grumo'stis,  from  grumiis,  'a  clot.' 
Clotted. 

GRUMUS,  Coagulum. 

GRUTUM.  '  Groats.'  Grutum  Mil' turn,  Mil'- 
ium.  A  hard  white  tubercle  of  the  skin,  resem- 
bling, in  size  and  appearance,  a  millet-seed.  It 
is  confined  to  the  face.     See,  also.  Groats. 

GRYPH'IUS  PES.  The  Griffon's  foot,  (F.) 
Pied  de  Griffon.  An  insti'ument  of  which  Am- 
brose Pare  speaks,  which  was  used  for  extracting 
moles  from  the  uterus. 

GRYPHOSIS,  Onychogryphosis. 

GRYPO'SIS,  from  ypuTrou,  'I  incurvate.'  In- 
ciirva'tio.  Curvature  or  crookedness  in  general. 
Crookedness  or  incurvation  of  the  nails.  See 
Onychogryposis. 

GRYPOTES,  see  Grypus. 

GRYPUS.  One  who  has  a  crooked  or  aquiline 
Bose.     The  condition  is  termed  Gry'potes. 

GUA'CO,  Hxia'co.  The  name  of  a  plant,  Eu- 
pato'riimi  Guaco,  described  by  Humboldt  and 
Bonpland  under  the  name  Mika'nia  Guaco,  which 
grows  in  the  valleys  of  Madalena,  Rio-Cauca, 
Ac,  in  South  America.  The  negroes  use  the 
juice  against  the  bites  of  poisonous  reptiles ; — 
both  in  the  way  of  prevention  and  cure.  It  has 
been,  of  late,  brought  forward  as  a  remedy  in 
cholera. 

GUAIAC,  see  Guaiacum. 

GUAIACI  LIGNUM,  see  Guaiacum  — g.  Re- 
sina,  see  Guaiacum. 

GUAIACINB,  see  Guaiacum. 

GUAI'ACUM,  G.  Officina'le  ;  G.  America' nitm, 
Lignum  vitm,  L.  sanctum,  L.  henedic'tum,  Paltts 
BanctibS,  Lignum  In'dicum,  Hagiox'ylum,  (F.) 
Gayac,  Ga'iac.  The  resin  —  Guai'aci  Resi'na, 
Guai'ac,  (F.)  Resine  ou  Gomme  de  Ga'iac — and  the 
wood — Gaaiaci  lignum  —  are  both  used  in  medi- 
eine.  Their  odour  is  slightly  fragrant;  taste  warm 
and  bitter,  of  the  resin  more  so  than  of  the  wood. 
The  resin  is  concrete,  brittle ;  colour,  externally, 
greenish;  internally  grayish.  Water  dissolves 
about  one-tenth ;  alcohol  95  parts.  It  is  soluble, 
also,  in  liquor  jjotassce  15  parts,  liquor  ammonia 
38  parts.  The  powder  is  whitish,  but  changes  to 
green  in  the  air.  The  base  of  the  guaiacum  is  a 
peculiar  resin,  called  Guaiacine. 

Guaiacum  is  stimulant  and  diaphoretic;  and 
in  large  doses,  purgative.  It  is  administered  in 
chronic  rheumatism,  gout,  cutaneous  diseases, 
and  the  seaueltC  or  sy]f)hilig.  Dose  of  resin,  gr. 
y  to  XX . — CO  purge,  gr.  xx  to  xl. 

GUALTHERIA,  Gaultheria. 

GUANO,  —  according  to  Tschudi,  properly 
Runnu, — is  formed  of  the  excrements  of  different 
kinds  of  marine  birds — mews,  divers,  shecrbreaks, 
k  ..,  but  especially  of  the  Sula  variega'ta.  It  is 
Ciiund  in  enormous  layers  in  the  South  American 
islainU  of  the  Pacific,  and  is  used  as  manure. 


GUARANA,  Paullinia. 

GUARAPO.  A  fermented  liquor  made,  in 
Peru,  of  sugar-cane  pulp  and  water.  It  is  a  very 
favourite  beverage  of  the  negroes. — Tschudi. 

GUARD  (for  a  bed,)  Aleee. 

GUARERBA  ORBA,  Momordiea  elaterium. 

GUAVA  APPLE,  Psidium  pomiferum. 

GUAYAVA,  Psidium  pomiferum. 

GUBERNAC'ULUM  DENTIS,  {Guhernacu- 
Ium,  '  a  rudder.')  A  cord,  which  passes  from  tho 
follicle  of  the  permanent  tooth  along  a  small  long 
canal  behind  the  alveolus  of  the  milk  tooth,  and 
becomes  continuoiis  with  the  gum.  The  guber- 
naculum  has  been  supposed  to  direct  the  perma- 
nent tooth  outwards.  The  canal  has  been  termed 
Iter  dentis. 

GuBERNACULtTM  TESTIS,  G.  t.  Hunteri,  Liga- 
men'tum  stispenso'rium  Testin,  (F.)  Gouvcrnail  du 
testicule.  A  triangular,  fibro-cellular  cord ;  which, 
in  the  foetus,  arises  from  the  ramus  of  the  ischium 
and  the  skin  of  the  scrotum,  and  proceeds  to  tho 
posterior  part  of  the  testicle,  before  this  organ 
issues  from  the  abdomen.  It  has  been  supposed 
to  be  a  continuation  of  the  fascia  superficialis 
with  muscular  fibres  from  the  internal  oblique 
muscle,  which  pass  upwards  to  the  testis  when 
in  the  abdomen;  and  by  their  contraction  draw 
the  testis  down,  and  ultimately  form  the  cremaa- 
ter  muscle. 

GV£PE,  Wasp. 

GUERISON,  Cure. 

GJJERISSABLE,  Curable. 

GUI,  Viscum  album. 

GUILANDI'NA  MORIN'GA,  Hyperanthe'ra 
moringa.  A  plant,  which  affords  the  Ren  nut, 
and  the  lignum  nephriticum.  It  is  also  called 
Morin'ga  Oleif'eru  seu  Zeylan'ica  seu  Nux  hen 
seu  Pterygosper'ma.  The  nut  Ben,  Glans  vm- 
guenta'ria,  Ben  Nux,  Bal'anus  3Iyrep'sica,  San'- 
dalum  caru'leum.  Oily  Acorn  or  Ben  nut,  is  a 
West  India  nut  which  furnishes  an  oil,  O'leum 
Balani'num,  that  does  not  become  rancid  by  age, 
and  is  hence  used  by  perfumers.    It  is  purgative. 

The  wood  of  the  Guilandina  is  called  Lignum 
Nephrit' icum,  and  has  been  used  in  decoction,  in 
affections  of  the  urinary  organs. 

GUIMAUVE,  Althaea  —  g.  Veloutee,  Hibiscus 
abelmoschus. 

GULA,  GJIsophagus,  Pharynx. 

GULiE  IMBECILLITAS,  Pharyngoplegia  — 
g.  Principium,  Pharynx. 

GULLET,  ffisophagus. 

GULOSUS,  Glutton. 

GUM  ANIME,  Anime  —  g.  Arabic,  Acaciae 
gummi  —  g.  Bassora,  Bassora  gum — g.  British, 
Dextrin  —  g.  Butea,  see  Butea  frondosa — g.  Ca- 
ranna,  Caranna  —  g.  Dragon,  Tragacantha — g. 
Elastic,  Caoutchouc  —  g.  Falling  away  of  the, 
Ulatrophia  —  g.  Hemlock,  see  Pinus  Canadensis 
—  g.  Indigenous,  Gummi  nostras — g.  Juniper, 
Sandarac — g.  Orenburg,  see  Pinus  larix — g.  Red, 
Strophulus — g.  Resin,  Gummi  resina — g.  Sanda- 
raeh,  Sandarac  —  g.  Seneca,  Acacise  gummi  —  g. 
Senega,  Acaciae  gummi  —  g.  Shrinking  of  the, 
Ulatrophia — g.  Sweet,  Liquidambar  styraciflua — 
g.  Tragacanth,  Tragacanth — g.  Tree,  broivn,  see 
Kino — g.  White,  Strophulus — g.  Yellow,  Icterus 
infantum. 

Gum-Lancet,  Bentiscal'pium,  Odontog'lyphon, 
(F.)  Dichausfioir.  An  instrument  for  separating 
the  gum  from  the  cervix  of  the  tooth,  prior  to 
extraction.  It  is  formed  much  like  a  fleam.  The 
operation  itself  is  called  Lancing  the  gimw,  Den'- 
tinm  Kcalpta'ra,  (P.)  Dechaussemcnt. 

GUMBOIL,  Parulis. 

GUMMA,  (F.)  Gomme.  An  elastic  tumour, 
formed  in  tho  periosteum,  occupying  particularly 


tUMMI 


419 


GUTTA 


the  cranium  and  sternum,  and  produced  by  the 
syphilitic  vii-us,  when  it  has  been  long  in  the  con- 
stitution. It  is  so  called,  because,  when  opened, 
it  contains  a  matter  like  gum. 

GUMMI,  Commi,  koiijxi,  (F.)  Gomme.  An  im- 
mediate principle  of  vegetables.  It  is  a  solid, 
uncrystallizable,  inodorous  substance,  of  a  mawk- 
ish taste,  unchangeable  in  the  air,  insoluble  in 
alcohol,  but  soluble  in  water,  with  which  it  forms 
a  mucilage.  It  is  obtained  from  various  species 
of  mimosa  and  primus;  and  consequently  there 
are  many  varieties  of  gum.  They  are  used  in 
medicine  as  demulcents,  emollients,  and  relax- 
ants, particularly  in  catarrh,  intestinal  irritations, 
&c. ;  and  in  Pharmacy,  they  are  employed  in  the 
formation  of  emulsions,  pills,  &c. 

GuiTMi  AcACi.E  Arabic^e,  Acacifs  gummi  —  g. 
Aeanthinum,  Acaciaj  gummi — g.  Adstringens  Fo- 
thergilli.  Kino — g.  Ammoniacum,  Ammoniac — g. 
Anime,  Anime — g.  Arabicum,  Acaciaj  gummi — g. 
Astragali  Tragacanthae,  Tragacantha — g.  Bogia, 
Cambogia — g.  Brelisis,  Caranna — g.  Copallinum, 
Copal — g.  Elasticum,  Caoutchouc — g.  Euphorbia;, 
see  Euphorbia  ofiicinarum — g.  Gamandrje, Cambo- 
gia— g.  Gambiense,  Kino — g.  de  Goa,  Cambogia — 
g.  Gutta,  Cambogia — g.  Heder«,  see  Hedera  helix 
— g.  de  Jemu,  Cambogia — g.  Juniperi,  Sandarac 
— g.  LacciB,  Lacca  —  g.  Ladanum,  see  Cistus  cre- 
ticus  —  g.  Lamac,  Acaciae  gummi — g.  Laricis,  see 
Pinus  larix— g.  Leucum,  Acacise  gummi. 

Gdjimi  Nostras,  (F.)  Gomme  du  Pays  ;  Tndig"- 
enous  Gum.  These  generic  names  are  given  to 
several  species  of  gum,  which  flow  spontaneously 
from  certain  indigenous  fruit  trees,  —  such  as  the 
almond,  cherry,  peach,  apricot,  etc.  The  indige- 
nous gums  have  nearly  the  same  properties  as 
gum  Arabic ;  but  they  are  inferior  to  it. 

GujiMi  Orenburgense,  see  Pinus  larix — g.  Pa- 
nacis,  see  Pastinaca  opoponax — g.  ad  Podagram, 
Cambogia. 

Gumjii-ResinA,  Gum-Resin.  A  milky  juice, 
obtained  by  making  incisions  into  the  branches, 
stalks  and  roots  of  certain  vegetables.  Gum-re- 
sins are  compounds  of  resins,  gum,  essential  oil, 
and  different  other  vegetable  matters.  They  are 
solid,  opake,  brittle,  of  a  strong  odour,  acrid  taste, 
variable  colour,  and  are  heavier  than  water. 
Water  dissolves  a  part  of  them,  and  alcohol  an- 
other ;  hence  proof  spirit  is  the  proper  menstruum. 
The  generality  of  the  gum-resins  are  powerful 
stimulants  to  the  whole  or  to  parts  of  the  econo- 
my. The  chief  are  asafoetida,  gum  ammoniac, 
exipliorhium,  galbanum,  camhoge,  myrrh,  olibanum, 
opoponax,  scammony,  aloes,  &c. 

Gummi  Rubruji  Adstringens  Gambiense,  Ki- 
no, see  Butea  Frondosa — g.  Seneca,  Senegal  gum 
— g.  Senega,  Senegal,  gum — g.  Senegalense,  Se- 
negal, gum  —  g.  Senica,  Senegal,  gum  —  g.  Sera- 
pionis,  Aeacips  gummi  —  g.  Thebaicum,  Acacias 
gummi  —  g.  Tragacantha,  Tragacantha — g.  Ura- 
lense,  see  Pinus  larix. 

GUMMIDODES,  Mucilaginous. 

GUMMIODES,  MucUaginous. 

GUMxMOSUS,  Mucilaginous. 

GUMS,  Gingivae. 

GUN-COTTON,  see  CoUodion  — g.  c.  Ethereal 
■solution  of.  Collodion. 

GUNJAH,  see  Bangue. 

GUNNERA  PERPEN'SA.  A  South  Afri- 
can plant,  Nat.  Ord.  Urticaceae ;  the  decoction  of 
which  is  taken  as  a  domestic  remedy  by  the  farm- 
ers, as  a  tonic  in  dyspepsia.  A  tincture  has  been 
used  in  gravel.  An  infusion  of  the  leaves  is  de- 
mulcent, and  is  employcdin  pulmonary  affections. 
The  leaves  are  applied  fresh,  to  cure  wounds  and 
dloers. 


GURGITELLO,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
A  thermal  spring  in  the  isle  of  Ischia.  Temp,  at 
its  source,  176°  Fah.  It  contains  carbonic  acid, 
carbonates  of  lime,  magnesia,  iron  and  soda,  sul- 
phates of  lime  and  soda,  chloride  of  sodium  and 
sUica. 

GURGLING.  'Gushing  with  noise,'  as  water 
from  a  bottle.  (F.)  Gargouillement,  same  etymon 
as  gargle.  The  rhonchus  or  rale  heard  on  aus- 
cultation when  there  is  a  cavity  in  the  lungs  con- 
taining pus.  It  is  the  'cavernous  rattle  or  rhon- 
chus,' Pale  caveruevx.  The  size  of  the  bubbles 
heard  varies,  and  hence  the  rhonchus  has  been 
called  cavernous  and  cavern' ulons,  (F.)  Pale  ca- 
vernuleux.  If  the  cavern  be  large,  this  rCde  will 
nearly  resemble  the  gurgling  of  a  bottle  {glouglou 
d'une  houteille ;)  if,  on  the  contrary,  the  cavern 
be  small,  it  will  not  differ  from  the  rale  mu~ 
qtieux. 

GURGULIO,  Penis,  Uvula. 

GUSTATIF,  {Nerf,)  see  Lingual  nerve. 

GUSTATION,  Degustation,  Taste. 

GUSTATORY  NERVE,  see  Lingual  Nerve. 

GUSTUS,  Taste — g.  Depravatus,  Parageustia. 

GUT,  Intestine — g.  Blind,  Cajcum. 

GUTS,  SLIPPERINESS  OF  THE,  Lientery. 

GUTTA,  Apoplexy,  Cambogia,  Gout  — g.  Ga- 
mandree,  Cambogia  — g.  Gamba,  Cambogia  —  g. 
Opaca,  Cataract. 

Gutta.  A  Drop,  Stalag'ma,  Alun'sel,  Siilla, 
(F.)  Goutte.  A  quantity  of  liquid,  generally  va- 
lued, in  pharmacy,  at  the  weight  of  a  grain.  The 
weight,  however,  varies  according  to  different 
circumstances,  as  the  degree  of  tenacity  of  the 
fluid,  and  the  extent  of  moist  surface  to  which  the 
suspended  drop  is  attached  before  it  falls  ;  and  it 
was  found  by  Mr.  Alsop  to  be  influenced  by  the 
size  of  the  bottle,  and  the  angle  of  inclination  at 
which  it  was  held  during  the  operation  of  drop- 
ping. The  following  are  some  of  his  results  as 
to  the  number  of  drops  required  to  measure  a 
fluidrachm,  when  dropped  from  a  large  and  a  small 
bottle. 

From  a  large  From  a  small 
bottle.        bottle, 
(f^j)  Diluted  sulphuric  acid. . .  .24  drops  84  drops 

Scheele's  hydrocyanic  acid  35 70 

Distilled  water .31 54 

Solution  of  ammonia 40. ....    48 

Tincture  of  opium 84 135 

Rectified  spirits 100 130 

Tincture  of  chloride  of  iron  100 150 

Gutta  Percha.  The  concrete  juice  of  a  tree 
— Isonan'dra  gutta — which  is  indigenous  in  Sing- 
apore and  its  vicinity,  and  belongs  to  the  Natural 
order  Sapotaceae.  Plunged  in  boiling  water  it 
softens,  when  it  may  be  moulded  like  caoutch<;nc 
to  any  form,  which  it  retains  on  cooling.  Splints 
and  other  instruments  have  been  made  of  it. 

Gutta  Rosacea  Syphilitica,  Crown  of  Venus. 

Gutta  Rosea,  Gutta  Eosa'cea,  Ion' thus  co- 
rymh'ifer,  Crusta  serpigino'sa,  0.  'prurigino'sa, 
Acne,  rosa'cea,  Pose'oln  acno'sa,  Thylacii'tis,  Bac- 
chia,  Butiga,  Carbuncled  Face,  Posy  Prop  or 
WheUc,  Copper-nose,  Bottle-nose,  Grog-blossoms, 
Grog-roses,  (F.)  Couperose,  Goutte  Pose,  Bour- 
geons, Dartre  pustuleuse  couperose.  An  eruption 
of  small,  suppurating  tubercles,  with  shining  red- 
ness, and  an  irregular  granular  appearance  of  the 
skin  of  the  part  of  the  face  which  is  affected. 
The  redness  commonly  appears  first  at  the  end 
of  the  nose,  and  then  spreads  on  both  sides.  It 
is  often  produced  by  hard  drinking.  Its  cure 
must  be  attempted  by  regular  regimen,  and  cool. 


GUTT^ 


420 


GYRUS 


ing  means  internally:  weak  spirituous  or  satur- 
nine lotions  externally.  The  affection  is  usually 
very  obstinate. 

GuTTA  Serena,  Amaurosis. 

GUTT^  ABBATIS  EOUSSEAU,  Laudanum 
abbatis  Rousseau — g.  Ammoniaci,  see  Ammoniac 
gum — g.  Acidsc  tonicse,  Elixir  Acidum  Halleri — 
g.  Nervinse,  Alcohol  sulfurico-^thereus  ferri. 

GuTTiE  NiGR^,  Ace'tum  o'pii,  Common  Black 
Drop.     {Opii  §viij,  aceti  destillat.  W\},  Infn'se.) 

The  celebrated  Black  Drop,  Lan'caster  or  Qua- 
hf-r's  Black  Drop,  may  be  made  as  follows.  Take 
half  a  pound  of  opium  sliced;  three  pints  oi good 
verjuice,  (juice  of  the  wild  crab,)  one  and  a  half 
ounce  of  nutmegs,  and  half  an  ounce  of  saffron. 
Boil  to  a  proper  thickness,  and  add  a  quarter  of  a 
pound  of  sugar,  and  two  spoonfuls  of  yeast.  Set 
the  whole  in  a  warm  place,  near  the  fire,  for  six 
or  eight  weeks ;  then  place  it  in  the  open  air  un- 
til it  becomes  a  syrup.  Lastly,  decant,  filter,  and 
bottle  it  up,  adding  a  little  sugar  to  each  bottle. 
One  drop  is  equal  to  three  of  laudanum;  and  it 
is  nearly  devoid  of  all  the  unpleasant  exciting 
effects  of  the  latter.  An  analogous  formula  is 
contained  in  the  Pharmacopoeia  of  the  United 
States  under  the  name  Ace'tum  opii,  Vinegar  of 
Opium. 

GUTTALIS  CARTILAGO,  Arytenoid  Carti- 
lage. 

GUTTBRIA,  Bronchocele. 

GUTTUR.  The  throat;  the  larynx;  the 
trachea. 

GuTTUR  Globosum,  Bronchocele — g.  Tumidum, 
Bronchocele. 

GUT'TURAL,  Guttara'lis,  from  guttur,  Hhe 
throat.'     Relating  or  belonging  to  the  throat. 

The  Superior  Thyfoideal  Artery  is  sometimes 
called  Guttural  Artery. 

A  Guttural  Cough  is  one  occasioned  by  irrita- 
tion of  the  larynx  or  trachea. 

A  Guttural  Sound  is  one  produced,  as  it  were, 
in  the  throat. 

GUTTURIS  OS,  Hyo'ides  os. 

GUTTURNIA,  Arytenoid  cartUages. 

GYMNA,  Genital  Organs. 

GYMNASION,  Exercise, 

GYMNA'SIUM, from  yu|uvo?,  'naked.'  Palas'- 
tra.  An  establishment  amongst  the  ancients,  in- 
tended for  bodily  exercises,  as  wrestling,  running, 
&c.  ;  a  term  now  used  in  Germany,  more  espe- 
cially for  an  academy  or  higher  school. 

GYMNAST,  Gy'mnas'tes,  Gymnan'ta;  same 
etymon.  The  manager  of  a  gymnasium.  One, 
whose  profession  it  is  to  prevent  or  cure  diseases 
by  gymnastics. 

GYMNAS'TICS,  Gymnno'tica,  Ifediei'na  gym- 
nas  tica  seu  euect'ica,  Somaeet'icR.  Same  etymon. 
That  part  of  hygienic  medicine  which  treats  of 
bodily  exercises.  It  is  called  Med'ical  Gymnas- 
tics. The  ancients  had  also  Athlet'ic  Gymnastics, 
and  Mil'itary  Gymnastics.  Herodicus,  of  Seli- 
vraea,  first  proposed  gymnastics  for  the  cure  of 

GYMNOC'LADUS  CANADEN'SIS,  Coffee 
Tree,  Mahogany,  Nickar  Tree,  Bondue.  An  in- 
digenous tree,  which  grows  from  Ohio  to  Louisi- 
ana. The  leaves  are  cathartic,  and  said  to  con- 
tain cytisin.  Tho  seeds  are  a  good  substitute  for 
coffee. 


GYMNOGRAMME  CETERACH,  Asplenium 

ceterach. 

GYMNOSIS,  Denudation. 

GYN-,E'CANER,  from  ywn,  'a.  woman,'  and 
av)7p,  '  a  man.'  Yir  effamina'tus.  An  effeminate 
man. 

GYN^CEA,  Gynseceia. 

GYN^CEI'A,  GyncBci'a,  GyncBce'a,  from  yvvri, 
'a  woman.'  The  catamenia;  —  the  lochia.  The 
diseases  of  women  in  general. — Hippocrates,  Ga- 
len, Foesius. 

GYNiECEUM,  Antimonium,  Vulva. 

GYNJSCE'US,  from  yvvn,  '  a  woman.'  Belong- 
ing to  women.     Female.     Feminine. 

GYN^CIA,  Gynseceia,  Menses. 

GYNiECOLOG"IA,  Gynecol' ogy,  from  yvvr,, 
'a  woman,'  and  y^oyo^,  'a  description.'  The  doc- 
trine of  the  nature,  diseases,  &c  of  women. 

GYNiECOMA'NIA,  from  yvvv,  'woman,'  and 
nana,  'mania,'  'rage.'  That  species  of  insanity, 
which  arises  from  love  for  women.  Some  have 
used  the  word  synonymously  with  nymphomania. 

GYN^COMAS'TUS,  Gynacom.as'thus,  from 
yvvri,  'woman,'  and /joirrof, 'abreast.'  A  man  whoso 
breasts  are  as  large  as  those  of  a  woman. — Galen, 
Ingrassias, 

A  considerable  enlargement  of  the  breasts  of  a 
female  was  formerly  called  Gynmcomas'ton. 

GYN^COMYS'TAX,  from  ywn,  'woman,' and 
fxvcTa^,  'the  beard,'  The  hair  on  the  pubes  of 
women. — Rolfink. 

GYNiECOPHO'ISrUS,  from  yvw,  'a  woman,' 
and  ^ii)vri,  'voice,'  A  man  who  has  an  effeminate 
voice, 

GYNANDRIA,  Hermaphrodeity. 

GYNANDRUS,  Gynanthropus. 

GYNANTHRO'PUS,  Gynan'drus.  An  her- 
maphrodite who  belongs  more  to  the  male  than 
to  the  female  sex. 

GYNATRE'SIA,  from  yvvri,  '&  woman,'  and 
arpriToi,  'imperforate.'  Closure  or  imperforation 
of  the  external  parts  of  generation  of  the  female, 

GYNE,  Female. 

GYNECOLOGY,  Gjmacologia. 

GYNIDA,  Hermaphrodite. 

GYNOARIUM,  Ovarium. 

GYNOPLAS'TIC,  Gynoplaa'iiciis,  from  yvvn, 
'a  woman,'  and  -rrXacrcui,  '  I  form.'  The  gynoplas^ 
tic  operation  is  employed  for  opening  or  dilating 
the  closed  or  contracted  genital  openings  of  the 
female, 

GYPSY-WEED,  Lycopus  sinuatus,  and  L,  Vir- 
ginicus, 

GYRI  CEREBRI,  Anfractuosities  (cerebral,) 
Convolutions  (cerebral,) — g.  Cochleje,  Scalae  of 
the  Cochlea, 

GYROMIA  VIRGINICA,  Medeola  Virginiea. 

GYROPHLE,  see  Eugenia  caryophyllata. 

GYROPHORA,  see  Trijie  de  Roche. 

GYRUS,  Anfractuosity,  Convolution, 

GYRUS  FORjSilCA'TUS,  'Arched  convolu- 
tion,' A  large  convolution  of  the  brain,  which 
lies  horizontally  on  the  corpus  callosura,  and  may 
be  traced  forwards  and  backwards  to  the  base  of 
the  brain,  terminating  by  each  extremity  at  the 
fissure  of  Sylvius,  The  surface  of  the  hemi- 
sphere, where  it  comes  in  contact  with  the  corpus 
callosum,  is  bounded  by  it. 


HAB-EL-KALIMBAT 


421 


H^MATEMESIS 


H. 


HAB-EL-KALIMBAT,  Pistacia  terebinthus. 

HABBI,  Hugenia  Abyssiniea. 

HABE'NA.  A  Bridle,  Tel'anwn.  A  bandage 
for  uniting  the  lips  of  wounds ;  which,  in  many- 
instances,  replaced  the  suture. — -Galen. 

HABENJE  OF  THE  PINEAL  GLAND,  see 
Pineal  gland. 

HABIL'LA  DE  CABTHAGE'NA,  Bejido, 
Carthage' na  Bean,  (F.)  Five  de  Carthaghie.  A 
kind  of  bean  of  South  America,  famed  as  an  ef- 
fectual antidote  for  the  poison  of  all  serpents,  if  a 
small  quantity  be  eaten  immediately. 

HABIT,  Habitu'do,  from  habere,  'to  have  "or 
to  hold ;'  Assuetu'do,  itos,  Usus,  Consuetu'do, 
Ethos,  't^if,  Hexis,  Ethmos'yne,  (F.)  Habitude, 
Acooutuniance,  Habit  is  the  aptitude  for  repeat- 
ing certain  acts  :  —  or,  a  facility,  which  results 
from  the  frequent  repetition  of  the  same  act.  It 
is,  according  to  vulgar  expression,  '  a  second  na- 
ture.' Habit  may  predispose  to  certain  diseases, 
or  it  may  protect  us  against  them.  It  ought  not 
to  be  lost  sight  of,  in  attending  to  the  progress 
of  disease,  or  of  its  treatment. 

Habit  op  Body,  Constitu'tio,  Hah'itHs,  Hah'- 
itus  Oor'2}oria,  Catas'tasis,  Hexis,  Hpiphani'a, 
(F.)  Habitude  exterieure.  Habitude  du  corps. 
The  aggregate  of  the  physical  qualities  of  the 
human  body. 

HABITUDE,  Habit  — A.  du  Corps,  Habit  of 
body — h.  Exterieure,  Habit  of  body. 

HABITUDO,  Habit. 

HABITUS,  Habit  of  body  — h.  Apoplecticus, 
Apoplectic  habit — h.  Corporis,  Habit  of  body. 

HACHICH,  see  Bangue. 

HACHISCH,  Bingue. 

HACKBERRY,  Celtis  oceidentalis. 

HiEMA,  'ai/jia,  'aifnaroi,  'blood.' 

H^MACHROINE,  Hamatine. 

H^MACHRO'SES,  (  (G.)  Hii  m  achrosen,) 
from  'aifia,  '  blood,'  and  xP'^'^'ii  '  coloration.'  A 
family  of  diseases  in  which  the  blood  has  its  co- 
lour different  from  usual,  as  in  purpura  and  cya- 
nosis.— Fuchs. 

H^MACY'ANIN,  from  'atfia,  'blood,'  and 
Kvavos,  'blue.'  A  blue  colouring  matter,  detected 
by  Sanson  in  healthy  blood,  and  in  bile  by  some 
chemists,  but  not  by  others. 

H^MADON'OSUS,  from  'at/xa,  'blood,'  and 
j'oo-of,  '  a  disease.'  Hcsmatangion' osus,  Hcematan- 
gionu'sus,  Hcematangio'sis.  Disease  of  the  blood- 
vessels. 

HiBMADOSTO'SIS,  from  'ai//o,  'blood,'  and 
oaTOKTts,  'a  bony  tumour.'  Ossification  of  the 
blood-vessels. 

HiEMADYNAMETER,  Heemadynamometer. 

H  ^  M  A  D  Y  N  A M  0  M '  ETER,  Hamatodyna- 
mom'eter,  Hmmadynam' eter,  Hmmom'eter,  Hama- 
tom'eter,  (F.)  Hemadynametre,  Hemometre ;  from 
'aijia,  'blood,'  Svvafiig,  'power,'  and  fiiT^ov,  'a 
measure.'  An  instrument  for  measuring  the 
force  of  the  blood  in  the  vessels.  It  consists  of 
a  bent  glass  tube,  the  lower  bent  part  of  which 
is  filled  with  mercury.  A  brass  head  is  fitted 
into  the  artery,  and  a  solution  of  carbonate  of  soda 
is  interposed  between  the  mercury  and  the  blood, 
which  is  allowed  to  enter  the  tube  for  the  pur- 
pose of  preventing  its  coagulation.  The  pressure 
of  the  blood  on  the  mercury  in  the  descending 
portion  of  the  bent  tube  causes  the  metal  to  rise 
in    the   ascending  portion ;    and  the   degree  to 


which  it  rises  indicates  the  pressure  under  which 
the  blood  moves. 

H^M AGASTRIC  PESTILENCE,  Fever, 
yellow. 

H^MAGOGUM,  Poeonia. 

HJaMAGO'GUS,  from  'aijua,  'blood,'  and  ayia, 
'  I  drive  off.'  A  medicine  which  promotes  tho 
menstrual  and  hemorrhoidal  discharges. 

HiEMAL,  from  'aijia,  'blood.'  Relating  to  tho 
blood  or  blood-vessels. 

H^MAL  Arch.  The  arch  formed  by  the  pro- 
jections anteriorly  from  the  body  of  the  vertebrae 
of  the  ribs  and  sternum.  It  encloses  the  great 
blood-vessels. — Owen. 

H^MAL  Axis,  Aorta — h.  Spine,  Sternum. 

H JiMALO'PIA,  H^mophthalmia,  Haemalopis. 

HJEMALOPIS,  Hajmophthalmia. 

HiEMALOPS,  Heemophthalmia. 

H^MAN'THUS  COCCIN'EUS.  A  beautiful 
South  African  plant,  Nat.  Ord.  Amaryllideas,  tho 
bulb  of  which  is  employed  as  a  diuretic.  It  is 
given  as  an  oxymel  in  asthma  and  dropsy.  The 
fresh  leaves  are  antiseptic,  and  applied  to  foul, 
flabby  ulcers,  and  in  anthrax. 

II^MAPERITONIRRHAG"IA,  (P.)  Hima- 
peritonirrhagie ;  from  'aina,  'hlood,'  TrcpiTovaiov, 
'  peritoneum,'  and  payrj,  '  a  violent  rupture.'  An 
exhalation  of  blood  into  the  peritoneum. 

H^MAPH^'IN,  HcBmatopha'im,  Hmmopha'- 
um,  from  'ai//a,  '  blood,'  and  (patos,  '  of  a  dusky 
colour.'  A  term  applied  by  Simon  to  the  brown 
colouring  matter  of  the  blood,  supposed  by  some 
to  be  nothing  more  than  hseiSiatin  modified  by  an 
alkali. 

HiSMAPH'OBUS,  HtBmoph'ohiis,  from  'aina, 
'  blood,'  and  tpoPo;,  '  dread.'  One  who  has  a  dread 
of  blood  : — who  cannot  look  at  it  without  fainting. 

H^MAPOPHYSES,  Costal  cartUages,  see 
Costa. 

JlMMA'PO'R'IA,H(smatapor'ia,Hmmafopo"'ia, 
Oligohce' mia,  Oliga'mia,  from  'ai/^a,  'blood,'  and 
oTTopof,  'poor.'     Paucity  of  blood.     See  Anaemia. 

H^MAPTYSIS,  Hajmoptysis. 

HjEMAS,  'aifiag,  gen.  'aifxaiog.     A  blood-VeSSel. 

H^MASTATICA,  Hismatostatica. 

HiEMASTAT'ICE,  from  'atjxa,  'blood,'  and 
laTTj/ii,  '  I  remain,'  '  reside.'  A  science,  vvhich 
treats  of  the  strength  of  the  blood-vessels ;  Hy- 
mastat'ies. 

H^MATANGIONOSTJS,  Hamadonosus. 

HiEMATANGIOSIS,  Heemadonosus. 

H^MATAPORIA,  Htemaporia. 

HiEMATAPORRHOSIS,  Cholera. 

HiEMATEC'LYSIS,  Hamotex'ia,  Hwmotex'ia, 
Hmmatosep'sis,  San' guinis  dissolu'tio;  from  'atf.a, 
'  blood,'  and  txXvins,  '  loosening.'  Dissolution  v>f 
the  blood. 

H^MATEL^UM,  see  Blood. 

H^MATEM'ESIS,  from  'ai/ia,  'blood,'  and 
f/t£(o,  '  I  vomit.'  Vom'itus  cruen'tus,  Hcemorrha'- 
gia  HcBinatem'esis,  Vom'itus  seu  Vomit"io  San'~ 
guinis,  Gastrorrhag" ia,  Gastro  -  hcBmorrhag"ca, 
HcBmorrhag"ia  ventric'uli,  Hcsmorrhoe'a  ventric'- 
uli,  Vomiting  of  Blood,  (F.)  Hematemese,  Vo~ 
missemeiit  de  sang.  Hsematemesis  is  generally 
preceded  by  a  feeling  of  oppression,  weight,  and 
dull  or  pungent  pain  in  the  epigastric  and  in  the 
hypochondriac  regions;  by  anxiety,  and,  occa- 
sionally, by  syncope.  Blood  is  then  passed  by 
vomiting,  and  sometimes,  also,  by  stool,  —  Ui« 


hemate:jvCephalum 


422 


HEMATODYNAMOMETER 


blood  being  generally  of  a  gnimous  aspect.  Hse- 
niateuiesis  may  be  active  or  passive,  acute  or 
chronic.  The  blood  effused  proceeds,  almost  al- 
ways, from  a  sanguineous  exhalation  at  the  sur- 
face of  the  mucous  mambrane  of  the  stomach. 
It  is  often  observed  in  females  whose  menstrual 
secretion  is  irregularly  performed.  It  is  not  of 
much  danger,  except  when  connected  with  dis- 
ease of  some  of  the  solid  viscera  of  the  abdomen. 
On  dissection  of  those  who  have  died  from  pro- 
tracted hajmatemesis, — for  the  acute  kind  is  com- 
paratively devoid  of  danger,  —  the  mucous  mem- 
brane of  the  stomach  is  found  red  and  iniiamed, 
or  black,  and  the  vessels  considerably  dilated. 
Complete  abstinence  from  food;  rest;  the  hori- 
zontal posture;  bleeding,  if  the  hemorrhage  be 
active  ;  cold,  acidulous  di'inks,  &c.,  constitute  the 
usual  treatment. 

H.EMATEXCEPHALUM,  Apoplexy. 

H^MATEPAGOGE,  Congestion. 

HiEMATERA,  Hepatirrhrea. 

HiEMATEPtUS,  Sansruine. 

H-«MATERYTHRUM,  Hsematin. 

H.EMATEXOSTOSIS,  Osteosarcoma. 

H^MATHIDROSIS,  Sudor  cruentus. 

HiEMATHORAX,  Hjematothorax. 

H^MATIASIS,  Hsematonosus. 

H^MAT'ICA,  from  'aii^a,  'blood.'     Diseases 
of  the  sanguineous  function: — the  third  class  in 
the  nosology  of  Good.     Also,  medicines  that  act 
on  the  blood.— Pereira. 
'H.EMATicA  DocTRixA,  Hsematology. 

H^MATICUS,  Sanguine. 

HiEMATIDROSIS,  Sudor  cruentus. 

H^'JNIATIN,  HcBmati'na,  Hem'atine,  Hama- 
tosin,  Hem'atosine,  Hamater'ythnim,  Hamer'y- 
thrum,  Zooliem' atin,  Hemachro'in,  Cru'orin,  Jiu- 
hrin,  Gloh'idin  of  some  ;  from  aijia,  '  blood.'  The 
red  colouring  matter  of  the  blood.  It  resides  in 
distinct  particles  or  globules,  and,  in  the  opi- 
nion of  some  observers,  in  the  envelope  of  the 
globules.  It  appears  to  be  of  a  peculiar  charac- 
ter, and  one  that  has  not  yet  been  determined 
by  the  chemist.  That  the  colour  of  the  blood  is 
not  owing  to  the  peroxide  of  iron  which  it  con- 
tains, is  shown  by  the  fact  mentioned  by  Scherer, 
that  he  removed  the  iron  by  acids,  and  yet  a 
deep  red  tincture  was  formed  when  alcohol  was 
added  to  the  residuum. 

n^MATIN'IC,  Hamatin'icus:  from.  Tits  ma  tin, 
'the  red  colouring  matter  of  the  blood.'  An  agent 
that  augments  the  number  of  red  corpuscles  of  the 
blood. — Pereira. 

H^MATINUS,  Sanguine. 

H^MATIS'CHESIS,  ffcBmis'chesis,  Hmmo- 
cryph'ia,  from  'aijia,  '  blood,'  and  itrx^'-'"'  '  to  sup- 
press.' The  retention  or  suppression  of  a  natural 
or  artificial  flow  of  blood. 

H^MATISMUS,  Epistaxis,  Heemorrhagia. 

HiEMATISTH'MUS,  from  'aijia,  'blood,'  and 
icQjxos,  'pharynx.'    Hemorrhage  into  the  pharynx. 

H^MATI'TES,  Hmmati'th,  from  'ai^a,  'blood.' 
Resembling  blood.  Lajns  Hcsntati'tes.  A  beau- 
tiful ore  of  iron,  called  also.  Bloodstone,  O'chrea 
rnhra,  Ox'ydum  fer'ricuni  cry stalliza' turn  nati'- 
»!-um,  Ferrum  Hamatites.  When  finely  levigated, 
and  freed  from  the  grosser  parts,  by  frequent 
washings  with  water,  it  has  been  long  recom- 
mended in  hemorrhage,  fluxes,  uterine  obstruc- 
tions, &c.,  in  doses  of  from  one  scruple  to  three  or 
four.     Also,  a  vessel  that  contains  blood,  'aijiaTt- 

H^MATMUS,  Gaz  sanguinis. 

H^MATOCATHAR'TICA,  from  'mna,  'blood/ 
and  Ka&apaig,  '  purification  or  purgation.'  Reme- 
ilifes  for  purifying  the  blood. 

H^MATOCE'LE,    from  'aina,   'blood/    and 


/c)7X:7,  '  tumour.'  A  tumour  formed  by  blood.  By 
some,  this  term  has  been  applied  to  a  tumour 
formed  by  blood,  effused  into  the  areolar  texture 
of  the  scrotum.  Others  have  used  it  for  tumours 
arising  from  effusion  of  blood  into  the  tunica  va- 
ginalis : — hajmatocele,  according  to  them,  differ- 
ing from  hydrocele,  only  in  the  cbaraeter  of  the 
effusion.  —  Heister.  Others,  again,  have  applied 
it  to  effusions  of  blood  into  the  interior  of  the 
tunica  albuginea  itself.  —  Richter.  The  first  ia 
the  usual  acceptation.  It  is  most  commonly 
caused  by  wounds  or  contusions:  and  requires 
the  use  of  antiphlogistics,  discutients,  <te.  Some- 
times it  is  necessary  to  evacuate  the  effused  blood. 

HjEmatocele  Arteeiosa,  Aneurism. 

H.ExAIATO-CEREBRIFORM  DISEASE,  En- 
cephaluid. 

n^MATOCHE'ZIA,  from  'at^ia,  'blood/ and 
X^^^f  'I  go  to  stool.'  Sedes  crueii'ta,  Catarrhex'ia 
vera,  Enterorrhag"ia  simplex,  Diarrlice'a  cvuenta 
seu  saiiguinolen'ta,  Hm'mato-diarrhce'a,  Hamor- 
rhaff"ia  intestino' rum,  En'tero-hasmorrhag"iaf 
(F.)  EemorrJiagie  des  intesti'na,  Ecoidement  de 
sang  par  I'lntestin.  Discharge  of  blood  by  stool. 
See  Melaena. 

HiEMATOCHYSIS,  Hamorrhagia. 

H^MATOCCE'LIA,  from  'ai/io,  'blood/  and 
Kot'Xta,  '  the  cavity  of  the  abdomen.'  Effusion  of 
blood  into  the  abdomen. 

HiEMATOCOL'PUS,  from  'aipia,  'blood/  and 
Ko\izos,  '  vagina.'  Effusion  of  blood  into  the  va- 
gina. Accumulation  of  blood  owing  to  occlusion 
of  the  vagina. 

H.a;MATOCYA]SrOSIS,  Cyanopathy. 

H^MATOCYSTE,  Hsematoma  saecatum. 

H^MATOCYST'IS,  from  'atfia,  'blood/  and 
Kvaris,  'bladder.'     Hemorrhage  into  the  bladder. 

H^MATO'DES,  EmmatoVdes,  Sangnin'eus, 
Ece'matoid,  Ee'matoid,  from  'ai/xa,  '  blood,'  and 
ciiog.  '  appearance.'  That  which  contains  blood, 
or  has  the  character  of  blood. 

H^MATODES  FuxGUS,  HcBmatomy'ces,  Fungua 
cancro' sua  hcemctto'des,  ilelce' na  fungo' sa  carcino'- 
des,  Angidiospon' gv.s,  Angiomy'ces,  Ecematospon'- 
gns,  Tumor  fungo'sus  sanguin'eus  seu  anom'alua, 
Spon'goid  injlanrmation,  Pidpy  or  Med'idlary 
Sarco'ma,  Carcino'nia  EcBrnato'des,  Carcino'ma 
Spongio'sum,  Bleeding  Fungus,  Soft  Cancer,  (F.) 
Carcinome  sanglunt,  Eematoncie  fongo'ide.  An  ex- 
tremely alarming  carcinomatous  afleetion,  which 
was  first  described,  with  accuracy,  by  Mr.  John 
Burns,  of  Glasgow.  It  consists  in  the  develop- 
ment of  cancerous  tumours,  in  which  the  inflam- 
mation is  accomiianied  with  violent  heat  and  pain, 
and  with  fungus  and  bleeding  excrescences.  Even 
when  the  diseased  part  is  extirpated,  at  a  very 
early  period,  recovery  rarely  follows ;  other  or- 
gans being  generally  implicated  at  the  same  time. 
Fungus  hffimatodes  was  the  term  first  applied  to 
the  disease  by  Mr.  Hey  of  Leeds.  Mr.  J.  Burns 
called  it  Spongoid  inflammation,  from  the  spongy, 
elastic  feel,  which  peculiarly  characterizes  it,  and 
continues  even  after  ulceration  has  taken  place. 
The  disease  has,  most  frequently,  been  met  with 
in  the  eyeball,  the  upper  and  lower  extremities, 
testicle  and  mamma;  but  it  occurs  in  the  uterus, 
ovary,  liver,  spleen,  brain,  lungs,  thj'roid  gland, 
and  in  the  hip  and  shoulder-joint. 

Some  French  surgeons  designate,  by  this  name, 
those  tumours  which  were  formerly  termed  anor- 
males,  carerneuses,  variqiieuses,  called  Erevtiles 
by  Dupuytren,  Eemntoneies,  by  Alibert,  and  I'e^ 
langiectasice  by  Grafe. 

H^MATODIARRHCEA,  Hasmatochezia. 

n^MATODYNAMOMETER,  Hteniadynamo- 
meter. 


HJaMATOGASTER 


423 


H^MATOXTLON 


H^MATOGASTER,  from  'a^a,  'Wood,'  and 
yacrnp,  '  Stomach.'  Effusion  of  blood  into  the 
stomach. 

HiEMATOGENETICA,  Hsematopoietica. 

H^MATOGLOBULIN,  see  Globules  of  the 
blood. 

H^MATOGRA'PHIA,  EcBmatog' rapJiy ,  from 
'aijia,  '  blood,'  and  ypacpti,  '  a  description.'  A  de- 
scription of  the  blood. 

HiEMATOID,  Hffimatodes. 

'H.2EMAT0'L'0GY, Rematol'ogy,ffeBmatoIof/'ta, 
Hamat'ica  doctri'na,  (F .)  Hematologie,  from  'aijia, 
'  blood,'  and  'Xoyo;,  '  a  discourse.'  That  part  of 
medicine  which  treats  of  the  blood. 

HxEJiATOLOGy,  Patholog"ical,  (E.)  Hematolo- 
gi'e  jKithologique.  Observation  of  the  blood  to 
detect  its  varying  characters  in  disease. 

HJi!MATOL'YSES,  (G.)  Hamatolysen, 
from  'aijia,  'blood,'  and  'kvai?,  'solution.'  An 
order  of  diseases  in  which  there  is  diminished 
coagulability  of  the  blood. — Fuchs. 

H-5;MAT0LYTICUM,  Spanasmic. 

H^EMATO'MA,  Thrombus,  Tumor  anriguin'evs. 
A  bloody  tumour,  especially  of  the  scalp  of  the 
new-born. 

H.EMATo'jfA  SACCA'Tmr.  An  encysted  tumour 
containing  blood — Hmmatoci/s'te. 

H^MATOMANTI'A,  from  'aijia,  'blood,'  and 
iiavTua,  '  divination.'  Judgment  of  disease  from 
the  appearance  of  the  blood. 

HiE-AIATOMATRA,  Metrorrhagia. 

H.EMATOMETACHYSIS,  Transfusio  san- 
guinis. 

H/SMATOMETRA,  Metrorrhagia. 

HiEMATOMMA,  Iltemophthalmia. 

HiEMATOMPHALOCE'LE,  Hoimatom' -pha- 
hun, IIcBmatovipliu' his,  from  'aifna,  'blood,'  o^tpaXog, 
'the navel,'  andx/iA;;,  'a  tumour.'  Umbilical  her- 
nia, the  sac  of  which  encloses  a  bloody  serum;  or 
which  has,  at  its  surface,  a  number  of  varicose 
veins;  constituting  Varicom'phalus. 

H.E:\iATOMPI-IALUM,  Ilajmatomphalocele. 

H^MATOMYCES,  Htematodes  fungus. 

H^MATON'CUS,  (F.)  Henmtoncie,  from  'aiiia, 
'  blood,'  and  oyKog,  '  a  tumour.'  Alibert  has  given 
this  name  to  the  Navi  mater'ni,  Varicose  tumours. 
He  admits  three  varieties: — the  H.  fongo'ide,  H. 
frarahoisee,  and  H.  tuhereuse. 

HiEMATOX'OSUS,  HcBmati'asis,  Jlamatopa- 
thi'a,  HcEmopntlti'a,  from  'aifia,  'blood,'  and  vocrof, 
'disease.'  A  disease  of  the  blood.    Blood-disease. 

HiEMATOPATHIA,  Hfematonosus. 

H^MATOPEDESIS,  see  Diapedesis. 

H^MATOPBRICAR'DIUM,  from  'ai^ia, 
'blood,'  and  irtpiKapSiov,  'pericardium.'  Effusion 
cf  blood  into  the  pericardium. 

H^MATOPH^UM,  Hsemaphrein. 

H^MATOPHIL'IA,  Hamophil'ia,  ITmmorrJio- 
phil'ia,  Idiosyncra'aia  hcBmorrhag"ica,  from  'aifja, 
'blood,'  and  (piXeu),  'I  love.'  A  hemorrhagic  dia- 
thesis. 

H.EMATOPHLEBES'TASIS.  Sudden  sup- 
pression of  a  hemorrhage;  —  from  cracii  'aiiiaros 
j>\€fiu}v,  'suppression  of  the  blood  of  the  veins.' — 
Galen. 

'  HiEMATOPHOB'IA,  HcBmopTioh'ia,  from  'aijia, 
'blood,'  and  (polhg,  '  dread.'  Dread  or  horror  at 
the  sight  of  blood,  producing  syncope,  &e. 

H^MATOPHTHALMIA,  Hismopthalmia. 

HzEMATOPH'THORES,  (G. )  Hamatoph- 
thoren;  from  'aLjxa,  'blood,'  and  ^^opnr,  'corrup- 
tion.' An  order  of  diseases  in  the  classification 
of  Fuchs,  in  which  the  blood  is  materially  altered 
in  its  composition,  as  "in  typhus. 


HJ2MAT0P'ISIS,  (F.)  Hetnatopisie.  M.  Cu- 
puron,  of  Paris,  has  applied  the  term  Hematopi»l<i 
uterine,  from  analogy  with  Eydropisie  uterine,  to 
a  collection  of  blood  which  sometimes  takes  place 
in  the  uterus,  when,  owing  to  faulty  conforma- 
tion, the  exit  of  the  menstrual  flux  is  prevented. 

H^EMATOPLA'NIA,  Hcematoplane'sis,  from 
'aip.a,  '  blood,'  and  nXavri,  '  wandering.'  A  vica- 
rious hemorrhage. 

II^matopla'nia  MENSTRrA'Lis,  Menstruation, 
vicarious. 

IliEMATOPLETHORA,  Plethora. 

HJilMATOPCEA,  Hamatopoetica. 

HiEMATOPOESIS,  H£Bmatosis. 

H^MATOPOET'ICA,  HcBinatopce'a,  HcEmoto- 
genet' ica,  'bloodmakers,'  from  'ai//a,  'blood/  and 
TToiECi),  'I  make.'  Agents  that  favour  hEematosis. 
Iron  was  called  by  the  ancients  metal'lum  hcsma- 
topoet'icitm. 

HiEMATOPOIESIS,  Hfematosis. 

H^xMATOPORIA,  Ha^maporia. 

H^MATOPS,  Hajmophthalmia. 

H^EMATOPSIA,  Hamophthalnna. 

HiEMATOPTYSIA,  Hasmoptysis. 

H^EMATOPTYSIS,  Hajmoptysis. 

HiEMATORRHACHIS,  Apoplexia  myelitica, 

HiEMATORRHAGIA,  Hajmorrhagia. 

H^g^MATORRHCEA,  Hajmorrhagia. 

H^MATORRHOSIS,  Cholera. 

HiEMATORRHYSIS,  Hasmorrhagia. 

'HMllA'I0SCB.I10C'E'L^,ffcBmoscheoce'le,R(B- 
matos'cheum,  from  'aijia,  'blood,'  otrx^ov,  'scrotum,' 
and  KrjXrj,  'rupture.'  Effusion  of  blood  into  the 
scrotum. 

H^MATOSCHEUM,  Hsematoscheoeele. 

H.EMATOSCOP'IA,  B'mmosco2}'ict,(F.)  Jlemor- 
rlioscopie,  from  'aif/a,  'blood,'  and  o-kottho,  'I  view.' 
An  examination  of  blood  drawn. 

ILEMATOSEPSIS,  Hremateclysis. 

HJSMATOSIN,  H^matin. 

HJSMATO'SIS,  Examato'sis,  EnJicsmato'siv, 
HcBmatopioie'sis,  HcBriiatopoe'sis,  Procrea'tio  san- 
guinis;  Decarloniza'tion,  Atmospheriza' tion  of 
the  blood;  Sanguifica'tion;  from  'ai^a,  'blood.' 
The  ti-ansformation  of  the  venous  blood  and  chyle 
into  arterial  blood  by  respiration.  Called,  also, 
Aera'tion,  Arterializa'tion  of  the  blood.  Fortna- 
tion  of  blood  in  general. 

H^MATOSPILIA,  Purpura  hemorrhagica. 

H^MATOSPONGUS,  Hjematodes  fungus. 

HiEMATOSTAT'ICA,  from 'a,^a,  'blood,' and 
(TTa-LKn,  'statics.'  Ischce'mia,  Hamastat'ica,  Hcr- 
niatostat'ics,  Hamostat'ics,  Ena'ma,  (F.)Eemato8- 
tatiques,  Eimastatiques,  Eemostatiques.  The  doc- 
trine of  the  motion  of  the  blood  in  living  bodies. 
Also,  remedies  for  stopping  blood. — Catastaltica. 

H^MATOS'TEON,  from  'atixa,  'blood,'  and 
oGTtijiv,  '  a  bone.'  Effnsion  of  blood  into  the  bones 
or  joints. 

H^MATOSYMPHORESIS,  Congestion. 

HiEMATOSYNAGOGE,  Congestion. 

H^MATOTELANGIOSIS,  Telangiectasia. 

HiEMATO'TIS,  Eama'tu8,irova  'at/ia,  'blood,' 
and  ovs,  gen.  (dtos,  '  the  ear.'  Effusion  of  blood 
into  the  inner  ear. 

H^MATOTHO'RAX,  Emmatho'rax,  Emmo. 
tlio'rax,  Hamopj'tysis  inter'na,  Pleurorrhoe'a  san~ 
gnin'ea,  Pneumorrhag"ia  inter'na,  Eemorrhag"!o 
Pleu'risy,  Pleural  hem'orrhage,  from  'ai/ja,  'blood,' 
and  dwpa^,  '  the  chest.'  Extravasation  of  blood 
into  the  chest. 

HJEMATOX'YLON  CAMPECHIA'NUM, 
Aca'cia  Zeylon'ica,  Logwood.  The  part  of  the 
tree,  used  in  medicine,  is  the  wood,  Emmatox' yli 
Lignum,  Lignum    Oampechen' se,  L.   Campechia'' 


H^MATURESIS 


424 


HAEMOPTYSIS 


nwffi,  L.  Campp.sca'num,  L.  In'dicum,  L.  Sappan, 
L.  Brasilia'num  rubrum,  L.  coRru'leum,  (F.)  Bois 
de  Campeche.  Family,  Leguminos£E.  Sex.  Syst. 
De^andria  Monogynia.  Logwood  is  almost  ino- 
dorous ;  of  a  sweetish,  subastringent  taste;  and 
deep  red  colour.  Its  virtues  are  extracted  both 
by  water  and  alcohol.  It  is  astringent  and  tonic, 
and  is  used  in  the  protracted  stage  of  diarrhoea 
and  dysentery. 

IliEMATURESIS,  Ilfiematuria. 

HiEMATU'RIA,  Hcemature'sis,  from  'aijia, 
'blood,'  and  ovjSEu,  'I  make  urine.'  Voiding  of 
blood  by  urine.  HcBmorrliag"ia  hcBmatu'ria,  If. 
ex  vii'is  urina'riis,  HoBiinire'sis,  UamiCria,  Mictio 
crucn'ta,  M.  Sangidn'ea,  Mictus  Cruen'tus  seu 
Sanguine^is,  Hmmorrhce'a  via'riim  urinaria' rum , 
Sanguis  in  JJri'na,  Bloody  urine,  (F.)  Pissement 
de  Sang,  Hematurie.  Hemorrhage  from  the  mu- 
cous membrane  of  the  urinary  passages.  Like 
other  hemorrhages,  it  may  he  active  or  passive. 
It  may  proceed  from  the  kidneys,  bladder,  or 
urethra.  The  essential  symptoms  are  :  —  blood, 
evacuated  by  the  urethra ;  preceded  by  pain  in 
the  region  of  the  bladder  or  kidnej^s,  and  accom- 
panied by  faintness.  Whencesoever  it  proceeds, 
hfematuria  usually  takes  place  by  exhalation. 
Rupture  of  vessels  is  by  no  means  common  in  the 
mucous  membranes.  Active  }icemafuria  requires 
general  or  local  blood-letting ;  diluent  and  cool- 
ing drinks;  absolute  rest,  and  the  horizontal 
posture.  The  chronic  kind  is  more  troublesome. 
It  requires  acidulated  or  aluminous  drinks;  cha- 
lybeates  and  tonics  in  general.  When  ha2maturia 
is  excessive,  cold  injections  may  be  thrown  into 
the  rectum  or  into  the  vagina  of  women,  and  to- 
pical applications  be  made  to  the  perinseum. 

Hj5maturia  Cystica,  Cystorrhagia — h.  Ejacu- 
latoria,  Spermatocystidorrhagia — h.  Seminalis, 
Spermatocystidorrhagia — h.  Stillatitia,  Urethror- 
rhagia. 

H^MATUS,  Htematotis. 

H^MAXIS,  Blood-letting. 

H^MENCEPHALUS,  Apoplexy. 

H^.MERYTHRUM,  Htematin. 

HiEMIDROSIS,  see  Diapedesis. 

H^MISCHESIS,  Hajmatischesis. 

II^MI'TIS,  from  'aifxa,  'blood,'  and  itis,  a 
sufBx  denoting  inflammation.  Inflammation  of 
the  blood.  (F.)  Hemite.  The  alteration  of  the 
blood  that  occurs  in  inflammatory  diseases.  — 
Piorry. 

HiEMO-ARTHRITIS,  Rheumatism,  (acute.) 

H^MOCARDIORRHAG"IA,  Apoplex'ia  cor- 
dis, Apopjlexy  of  the  heart,  from  'atfia,  '  blood.' 
Ka^iSia.  '  the  heart,' and 'pj;yvD/ii,  '  I  break  forth.' 
Effusion  of  blood  into  the  substance  of  the  heart. 

HiEMOCERCH'NOS.  This  term  has  received 
two  acceptations,  owing  to  the  different  senses 
in  which  Kcpx^og  is  employed;  signifying,  some- 
times, hissing;  at  others,  dry.  Consequently, 
the  Hellenists  have  translated  the  compound 
■word,  at  times,  by  spitting  of  blood,  with  hissing 
in  the  throat;  at  others,  by  evacuation  of  dry 
matters. 

H^.MOCRYPHIA,  Hromatisehesis. 

H^MODES,  Sanguine. 

H^MO'DIA,  HcBmodias'mus,  Uemo'dia,  Ile- 
betu'do  sen  Stupor Beyi'tium,  from  'at/jKuSiw,  {'aiftn, 
'blood,'  and  ohovq,  'a  i^uth,')  '  I  have  pain  in  the 
teeth.'  Pain  in  the  teeth, — and  more  especially 
Agacement,  or  the  setting  on  edge  of  those  bodies 
fey  acid  or  acerb  substances.  It  is  also  called 
Odon'lia  Stupo'ri.t,  OdontaV'gia  hcpmo'dia,  Dolor 
den'tium  it  strido're,  Catoplcv'is,  Odoniamblyog' - 
Xnus,  Odontliypermsthe'sis,  Tooth-edge. 

H^MODIASMUS,  Ha?modia. 

ll^MOIDES,  Sanguins. 
H^MOPATHIA,  Iltematonosus. 


H^MOPERICAR'DIUM,  Pericardi'tis  ex^it- 
dato'ria,  from  'at/ja,  'blood,'  and  pericardium. 
Effusion  of  blood  into  the  pericardium. 

H^MOPERITON^'UM,  from '«<;.«,  'blood,' 
and  TzipiTdivaiov,  'peritoneum.'  Effusion  of  blood 
into  the  peritoneum. 

H^MOPEX'IiE,  (G.)  Hiimopesien,  from 
'aiyia,  'blood,'  and  -rri'^ii,  'coagulation.'  An  order 
of  diseases  in  which  there  is  increased  coagu- 
lability of  the  blood. — Hyperino'sia  san'guinis. — 
Fuchs. 

HiEMOPHEUM,  Hsemaphein. 

H.S;M0PHILIA,  IIsematopMlia. 

HOMOPHOBIA,  Hsematophobia. 

HOMOPHTHAL'MIA,  Hamatophthal' mia, 
HcBmato/j'sia,  from  'aiixa,  'blood,'  and  o(pOa'Xiii>s, 
'eye.'  HcBmalo'pia,  Haemalo'piis,  HcB'malops.  Ef- 
fusion of  blood  into  the  eye.  When  the  extrava- 
sation is  external,  it  is  called  H.  exter'na,  Hypos- 
p>hog'ma  and  Hmmalops  externus ;  when  internal, 
HcBmop)hthal'mia  inter'na,  Hydropiltthal' mua  cru- 
en'tus, Hypoch'ysis  hcBmato' des, Hamatom'ma,  and 
Hce'malops  inter'nus.     A  blood-shot  eye. 

HOMOPLANIA  MENSTRUALIS,  Menstru- 
ation, vicarious. 

HOMOPLETHORA,  Plethora. 

HOMOPROCTIA,  Haimorrhois. 

HiEMOPTOE,  Ifemoptysis  — h.  Laryngea  et 
Trachealis,  Tracheorrhagia. 

HOMOPTOSIS,  Ha;moptysis. 

HOMOP'TYSIS,  from  'ai//a,  'blood,'  and  tttuo, 
'I  spit.'  Spitting  of  blood,  HcEmorrhog"ia  Ila- 
mop'tysis,  Hamapt'tysia,  Hamatoptya'ia,  Hcema- 
top'tysia,  Empj'toe,  Emop'toe,  Entpto'ica  pias'sio, 
HcBmoptys'nnia,  Ilcsmopto'sia,  Sputum  aang'iiinis, 
San'guinis  Jiuor  pulmo'num,  Emopto'ica  pas'aio, 
Hczmotis'mus,  Haraon-hce' a  pidmona'lis,  Crucn'ta 
exspui'tio,  IIcemorrhag"ia  pulmo'nis,  Pas'aio  hcB- 
mopito'iea,  Rejec'tio  sang' uini^  e  pulmo'nibua,  Ex- 
pectora'tio  sang'uinis,  H(Emorrhag"ia  Bron'chica, 
Pnenmorrhng"ia,Pneumonorrhog"ia,Pncumonor- 
rhce'a,  Bronchorrhag" ia ,  Emp'tysis,  ITamopi'toe, 
Sputum  cruen'tum,  (F.)  Heinoptyaie,  Crachcment 
de  sang,  Exp)ectoration  de  sang.  Hemorrhage 
from  the  mucous  membrane  of  the  lungs;  cha- 
racterized by  the  expectoration  of  more  or  less 
florid  and  frothy  blood.  It  is  generallj'  preceded 
by  cough  ;  dyspnoea;  sense  of  heat  in  the  chest, 
&c.  It  is  important  to  discriminate  between 
heemoptysis,  produced  by  some  accidental  cause 
acting  irregularly  or  periodically  on  the  lungs ; 
and  that  which  is,  as  it  were,  constitutional,  and 
dependent  on  some  organic  affection  of  the  lungs, 
or  some  faulty  conformation  of  the  chest.  These 
two  varieties  difier  as  much  in  their  prognosis 
and  method  of  treatment,  as  in  their  causes.  Con- 
stitutional hemoptysis  is  a  serious  disense,  almost 
always  announcing  phthisis  pulmonalis.  The  ac- 
cidental variety  is  chiefly  dangerous  by  frequent 
recurrence,  or  too  great  loss  of  blood. 

The  general  causes  of  haemoptysis  are  the  same 
as  those  of  other  kinds  of  hemorrhage.  It  has, 
besides,  particular  causes ;  such  as  too  great  ex- 
ercise of  the  lungs;  —  loud  speaking,  playing  on 
wind  instruments,  breathing  acrid  vapours,  &c. 
It  usually  occurs  between  puberty  and  the  age 
of  .35.  A  sudden  and  terrific  kind  of  ha;mop(ysis 
is  sometimes  met  with ;  consisting  in  a  great 
afflux  of  blood  to  the  lungs.  This  has  been 
called  Pnl'wnnary  Ap'oplexy,  Apop>lcx'ia  puhno- 
na'Ua,  A.  jndmo'num,  Pneumorrhag"ia,  Infurc'tua 
hosmorrhag"icua  pudmo'num,  (F.)  Apoplcvic  pul- 
monaire,  jFItmoptysie  foxidroyante,  JJemorrhag'ie 
inter stitielle  du  Foumon.  Infiltration  of  blood 
into  the  air-cells  may  occur  without  anj'  hcemop- 
tj'sis. 

Phyaical  signs.  Percussion  may  not  always 
aid  up  'ji  hccmoptysis,  but  generally  a  circum- 


H^MOPTYSMUS 


425 


HiEMORRHOIDAL 


scribed  dulness  will  be  perceived.  The  inspira- 
tory murmur,  on  auscultation,  is  feeble  or  absent, 
locally  ;  and  is  replaced  by  bronchial  respiration 
and  hroncliojihony.  A  fine  liquid  crepitus  is  de- 
tected around  the  affected  part ;  and  in  the  larger 
tubes,  near  the  spine,  a  liquid  bubbling  rhonchus 
is  usually  heard.  The  value  of  these  signs  is  de- 
termined by  the  nature  of  the  expectoration.  The 
treatment  of  hasmoptysis  must  be  like  that  of  in- 
ternal hemorrhage  in  general. 

HAEMOPTYSIS  Interna,  Hajmatothorax — h.  La- 
ryngea  et  Trachealis,  Tracheorrhagia — h.  Phthi- 
sis. Phthisis  pulmonalis. 

H^EMOPTYSMUS,  Haemoptysis. 

H^MORMESIS,  Hyperasmia. 

HiEMORRHACHIS,  Apoplexia  myelitica. 

HAEMORRHAGE,  Ha;morrhagia. 

H^MORRHAG"IA,  from  'aijia,  'blood,'  and 
priyvvm,  '  I  break  forth.'  San'guinis  proflu'vium 
copio' sum ,  Sangiiiflux'us,  Hmniatoch'ysia,  Aimor- 
rhon'a,  Hamorrhxe' a,  Hamatorrhag"ia,  Hcsmatis'- 
mus,  HmmatorrTice' a,  Hmmator' rhysis,  Hmmorr'liy- 
eis,  Proflu'vium  seu  Prornp'tio  seu  Eruptio  san- 
guinis, Profu'sio  Sang'uinis,  Hem'orrliage,  Ha- 
morrhage,  Bleeding,  Loss  of  blood,  Rupturing, 
bursting,  or  breaking  of  a  blood-vessel,  (F.)  He- 
inorrhagie  ou  Hemorliagie,  Perte  de  sang,  Flux  de 
sang.  Any  discharge  of  blood  from  vessels  des- 
tined to  contain  it;  vrith  or  without  rupture  of 
their  coats.  Hemorrhages  may  be  spontaneous  or 
traumatic:  the  first  belong  to  the  domain  of  me- 
dicine, the  latter  to  that  of  surgerj'.  They  may, 
also,  be  internal  or  external;  general — as  in 
scurvy — or  local.  The  hemorrhages  by  exhalation 
— those  which  chiefly  interest  the  physician — 
have  been  classed,  by  Pinel,  as  follows  :  —  1.  He- 
morrhage of  the  3Iucous  Membranes ;  Epistaxis, 
Heemoptysis,  Hajmatemesis,  Haemorrhoids,  Ha3- 
maturia.  Uterine  I^emorrhage.  2.  Hemorrhage 
of  the  Tissues;  Cutaneous,  Cellular,  Serous,  Sy- 
novial. 

Hemorrhages  have  generally  been  distinguished 
into  active  and  passive :  in  other  words,  into  those 
dependent  upon  augmentation  of  the  oi-ganic  ac- 
tions, and  those  dependent  upon  debility.  Ac- 
cording to  Broussais,  no  spontaneous  hemorrhage 
is  passive;  all  are  active,  — that  is,  produced  by 
increased  action  and  excess  of  irritation  of  the 
blood-vessels  :  they  maj'  occur  icith  debility,  but 
not  from  debility.  He  calls  those  only  passive 
hemorrhages,  which  are  owing  to  an  external 
lesion  of  the  vessels.  Hemorrhages  have  been, 
by  some,  divided  into  constitutional,  or  those  de- 
pending nn  original  conformation:  —  accidental, 
or  those  produced  by  some  adventitious  cause ; 
mtpplemt^ttary,  or  those  which  succeed  others; 
symptomniic,  critical,  &o. 

Whe'i  hemorrhage  takes  place  into  any  tissue, 
or  is  in''.' "Btitial,  it  receives  the  name,  with  many, 
o»  apf'pje:icy. 

Actiie  Hemorrhage,  Hemorrh.ag"ia  acti'va,  H. 
artcTio'sa,  Cauma  hcBmorrhag"icum,  Angeior- 
rhag"ta,  occurs  chiefly  in  the  young  and  pletho- 
ric. Good  living ;  the  use  of  fermented  liquor — 
excessive  exercise,  or  too  sedentary  a  life,  may 
perhaps  be  ranked  as  predisponent  causes.  It  is 
commonly  preceded  by  heaviness  and  pulsation 
in  the  part, — owing  to  the  afflux  of  blood  and 
consequent  hyperemia,  —  and  by  coldness  of  the 
extremities.  The  blood,  evacuated,  is  generally 
of  a  florid  red.  In  such  active  hemorrhages,  the 
great  indications  of  treatment  will  be,  to  dimi- 
nish plethora  where  it  exists,  and  to  lessen  the 
heart's  action.  Bleeding,  purgatives,  and  cold, 
will  be  the  chief  agents. 

Passive  Hemorrhage,  Hmmorrhag" i a  passi'va, 
H.  Veno'sa,  Profu'sio,  P.  h(p.morrhag"ica,  occurs 
in  those  of  weak  constitution;  or  who  have  been 


debilitated  by  protracted  disease,  poor  diet,  long 
watching,  excessive  evacuations,  &c. 

The  direct  causes  may  be:  —  previous  aetivo 
hemorrhage ;  scorbutus,  or  any  thing  capable  of 
inducing  atony  or  asthenic  hj-pera;mia  of  tho 
small  vessels.  These  hemorrhages  are  not  pre- 
ceded by  excitement  or  by  any  signs  of  local  de- 
termination. They  are  usually  accompanied  by 
paleness  of  the  countenance ;  feeble  pulse  ;  faint- 
ing, (fee.  The  indications  of  treatment  will  be: — 
to  restore  the  action  of  the  small  vessels  and  tho 
general  tone  of  the  system  :  hence  the  utility  of 
styptics  and  cold  externally  ;  and  of  tonics  and 
astringents,  creosote,  mineral  acids,  &c.,  inter- 
nally. Hemorrhage  also  occurs  from  mechanical 
bypera?mia,  as  when  htemoptysis  is  produced  by 
tubercles  in  the  lungs ;  htematemesis  by  disease 
of  some  of  the  solid  viscera  of  the  abdomen,  &c. 
In  Traumatic  Hemorrhages,  or  those  which  are 
the  consequences  of  wounds  of  arterial  or  venous 
trunks,  the  blood  is  of  a  florid  red  colour,  and 
issues  by  jets  and  pulses,  if  it  proceed  from  an 
firtery ;  whilst  it  is  of  a  deeper  red,  issues  slowly 
and  by  a  continuous  flow,  if  from  a  vein.  If  the 
capillary  vessels  be  alone  divided,  the  blood  is 
merely  effused  at  the  surface  of  the  wound.  Of 
the  means  used  for  arresting  these  traumatic  he- 
morrhages, some  act  mechanically  as  absorbents, 
ligature,  and  compression ;  others  chymically,  as 
flre,  caustics,  creasote,  astringents,  &c. 

ILemorrhagta  Activa  Nauium,  Epistaxis  — 
h.  Bronchica,,  Haemoptysis — h.  Cerebri,  Apoplexy 
—  h.  per  Cutem,  Sudor  cruentus  —  h.  per  Diasre- 
sin,  see  Diaeresis — h.  per  Diapedesin,  Diapedesis — • 
h.  Faucium,  Stomatorrhagia  —  h.  Gingivarum, 
Ulorrhagia — h.  H«?matemesis,  Ha?matemesis — h. 
Heematuria,  Hfematuria  —  h.  Hasmoptysis,  Has- 
moptysis — h.  Hepatica,  Hepathar-morrhagia  —  h. 
Hcpatis,  Hepatorrhagia  —  h.  Intestinorum,  Has- 
matochezia — h.  Mucosa,  see  Ha^morrhois — h.  Na- 
bothi,  see  Parturition — h.  JSTarinea,  Epistaxis — h. 
Narium,  Epistaxis — h.  Oris,  Stomatorrhagia — h. 
Penis,  Stimatosis — h.  Pulmonis,  Haemoptysis — h. 
Renum,  Nephrorrhagia — h.  Universalis,  Purpura 
haemorrhagica  —  h.  Uterina,  Metrorrhagia  —  b. 
Ventriculi,  Haematemesis  —  h.  Vesicae,  Cystorr- 
hagia. 

H^MORRHIXIA,  Epistaxis. 
HiEMORRHINORRHAGIA,  Epistaxis. 
H^MORRHCE'A,  from  'at/ia,  'blood,'  and  pcu), 
'I  flow.'     Hcemorrhag"ia,  Loss  of  blood.     Some 
writers  hare  proposed  to  restrict  this  name  to 
passive  hemorrhages. 

H^MORRHOEA  Petkchialis,  Purpura  haemor- 
rhagica — h.  Pulmonalis,  Hemoptysis— h.  Uterina, 
Metrorrhagia  —  h.  Vasorum  hremorrhoidalium, 
Hffimorrhois  —  h.  Ventriculi,  Hasmatemesis  —  h. 
Viarum  urinarium,  Hematuria. 

HiEMORRHOI'DAL,  Hemorrhoi' dal,  Hcemor. 
rho'ida'lis,  Hcemorrhoideus.  Relating  to  hemor- 
rhoids ;  as  hemorrhoidal  flux,  hemorrhoidal  tu- 
mours, &c. 

Hemorrhoidal  Arteries  have  been  distin- 
guished into  superior,  middle,  and  inferior.  1. 
The  first  is  the  termination  of  the  inferior  me- 
senteric artery,  which  assumes  the  name  superior 
hemorrhoidal,  when  it  reaches  the  upper  and  pos- 
terior part  of  the  rectum.  2.  The  middle  hemor. 
rhoidal  is  furnished  by  the  hypogastric  or  inter- 
nal pudic.  It  ramifies  on  the  inferior  and  ante- 
rior part  of  the  rectum.  3.  The  inferior  hemor- 
rhoidal arteries  are  branches  of  the  internal 
pudic,  furnished  to  the  inferior  part  of  the  rectutt 
and  to  the  muscles  of  the  anus. 

Hemorrhoidal  Nerves.  These  emanate  from 
the  sciatic  and  hypogastric  plexuses ;  and  covei 
the  rectum  with  their  numerous  filaments. 


H^MOERHOIDALES 


426 


H^MOTELANGIOSIS 


Hemop.hhoidai,  "Veins  follow  the  same  distri- 
bution, and  generally  empty  themselves  into  the 
lesser  mesenteric.  Some  of  them  assist  in  the 
formation  of  the  hypogastric  vein. 

Hemorrhoidal  Vessels,  Vasa  seda'lia,  are 
those  vessels  which  are  distributed  to  the  rectum 
— the  seat  of  hemorrhoids. 

H^MORRHOIDALES  NODI,  Hsemorrhois. 

H^MORRHOIDES,  see  Heemorrhois  —  h. 
Csecse,  see  Hisemorrhois  —  h.  Fluentes,  Hsemor- 
rhois— h.  Furentes,  see  Heemorrhois  —  h.  Maris- 
cosas,  Hsemorrhois  —  h.  non  Fluentes,  Hsemor- 
rhois— h.  Oris,  Stomatorrhagia. 

n^MOR'RHOIS,  Aimor'rho'is,  Asclepias'mus, 
from  'aifia,  'blood,'  and  ptoj,  'I  flow.'  Aimor'roia, 
Proc'tica  Iilaris'ca,  Ilaris'ca,  ProctaVgia  Hm- 
morrho'ida'lis,  Morbus  HcBmorrhoidalis,  Piles, 
(F.)  Hemorrho'ides.  The  essential  symptoms  of 
this  affection  are  :  —  Livid  and  painful  tubercles 
or  excrescences,  [Hemorrhoid' al  Tumours,)  usu- 
ally attended  with  a  discharge  of  mucus  or  blood, 
[Heriiorrhoid'alflux,Pi-octorrhce'a,HcB>no])roc'fia, 
J-Immorrhoe'a  vanorum  hamorrho'ida'linm,  (F.) 
Hemaproctie.)  The  most  common  causes  of  piles 
are  a  sedentary  life ;  accumulation  of  faaces  in 
the  rectum ;  violent  efforts  at  stool ;  pregnancy, 
&e.  The  precursory  symptoms  are  :  —  pains  in 
the  loins;  stupor  of  the  lower  limbs;  and  un- 
easiness in  the  abdomen  and  rectum,  with  more 
or  less  gastric,  cerebral,  and  indeed  general  dis- 
order;—  constituting  the  Diath'esis  Jlamorrkoi- 
da'Iis,  Motus  seu  Turha  Hmmorrhoida'lisi,  and 
MoU'meii  HcRinorrhoida'le,  of  most  of  the  writers 
of  Continental  Europe.  To  these  symptoms  fol- 
low one  or  more  round,  smooth,  renitent,  painful, 
pulsating,  and  erectile  tumours,  around  the  mar- 
gin of  the  anus,  or  within  the  anus ;  some  pour- 
ing out  blood  occasionally.  After  having  re- 
mained, for  a  time,  tense  and  painful,  they  gra- 
dually shrink  and  disappear.  The  chief  symp- 
toms, occasioned  by  hemorrhoidal  tumours,  when 
much  inflamed,  are; — constant  pain,  liable,  how- 
ever, to  exacerbations,  and  obliging  the  patient 
to  preserve  the  horizontal  posture,  and  to  become 
augmented  by  the  least  pressure,  or  by  the  pas- 
sage of  the  fasces. 

HaMuorrhoids  have  generally  been  distinguished 
into  —  HcBmorrhoidea  Fliien'tes  seu  Marisco'scB, 
Proc'tica  Maris'ca  cruen'ta,  Bleeding  or  Open 
Piles;  and  into  H.  non  fluen'tes,  Proc'tica  3Ia- 
ris'ca  ccBca,  HmmorrhoV des  cacce  seu  furen'tes, 
HcBmorrhoida'les  nodi,  Shut  or  blind  piles.  They 
have,  also,  been  divided  into  internal  or  occult, 
and  external,  according  to  their  situation ;  and 
into  accidental  or  constitutional. 

Hemorrhoidal  Tumours  are  extremely  trouble- 
some, by  their  disposition  to  frequent  recurrence; 
and  they  are  apt  to  induce  fistula;  otherwise, 
they  are  devoid  of  danger.  When  anatomically 
examined,  they  are  found  not  to  consist  in  a  va- 
ricose dilatation  of  the  veins  of  the  rectum ;  but 
to  be  formed  of  a  very  close,  spongy,  texture ; 
similar  to  that  which  surrounds  the  orifice  of  the 
vagina;  and  to  be  erectile,  like  it.  They  are 
surrounded  by  a  delicate  membrane,  and  have  no 
internal  cavity.  The  treatment,  in  mild  cases  of 
hemorrhoidal  tumours,  is  simple.  Rest;  the  ho- 
rizontal posture ;  the  use  of  mild  laxatives,  as 
sulphur,  castor  oil,  and  emollient  glysters,  will 
be  suflieient.  If  they  be  much  inflamed,  leeches 
may  be  applied;  and  warm  cataplasms  or  cold 
lotions,  according  to  circumstances,  be  prescribed, 
with  abstinence,  and  cooling  drinks.  Afterwards. 
an  ointment,  composed  of  powdered  galls  and 
opium,  may  afford  relief.  It  is  in  the  relaxed 
kind,  that  such  ointment,  and  the  internal  use  of 
Ward's  Paste,  can   alone  be  expeclcid  to  afford 


much  benefit.  If,  after  repeated  attacks,  the  tu- 
mours remain  hard  and  painful,  and  threatea 
fistula,  they  may  be  removed. 

By  Hemorrhoidal  Flux,  Fluxus  Jiamorrhoida- 
lis,  Proctorrhag" ia,  is  meant  the  hemorrhage 
which  takes  place  from  the  rectum,  owing  to  he- 
morrhoids. It  is  a  common  affection.  The  quan- 
tity of  blood  discharged  is  various :  at  times,  it 
is  very  trifling;  at  others,  sufiicient  to  induce 
great  debility,  and  even  death.  It  is  announced 
and  accompanied  by  the  same  symptoms,  as  pre- 
cede and  attend  hemorrhoidal  tumours.  Like 
other  hemorrhages  it  maybe  active  or  passive ; 
accidental  or  constitutional.  The  prognosis  is 
rarely  unfavourable.  The  affection  may,  almost 
always,  be  relieved  by  properly  adapted  means. 
These  resemble  such  as  are  necessary  in  hemor- 
rhages in  general.  Perfect  quietude,  —  mental 
and  corporeal,  light  diet,  cooling  drinks;  bleeding 
if  the  symptoms  indicate  it;  astringents,  (if  the 
disease  be  protracted  and  passive,)  such  as  the 
Tinctura  Ferri  Chloridi ;  aspersions  of  cold 
water  on  the  anus  :  astringent  injections  ;  plug- 
ging and  compression.  Such  will  be  the  principal 
remedial  agents.  When  the  hemorrh.Tge  has  be- 
come habitual  or  is  vicarious,  some  caution  may 
be  required  in  checking  it;  and,  if  inconvenience 
arise  from  a  sudden  suppression,  its  return  may 
be  solicited  by  the  semicupium,  sitting  over  warm 
water;  aioetic  purgatives,  glysters,  irritating  sup- 
positories, &c. ;  or  leeches  may  be  applied  to  tho 
anus. 

To  the  internal  bleeding  pile,  a  soft,  red,  straw- 
berry-like elevation  of  the  mucous  membrane, 
Dr.  Houston,  of  Dublin,  gives  the  name  vascular 
tumour.  For  its  removal  he  recommends  the  ap- 
plication of  nitric  acid,  so  as  to  produce  slough- 
ing of  its  surface. 

Some  authors  have  described  a  species  of  Z(?»j- 
corrhoe'a  Ana'lis  or  whitish  discharge  from  the 
anus,  which  often  attends  ordinary  hajmorrhoids. 
This  they  have  called  Proctica  maris'ca  muco'sa, 
HcBmor' rho'is  alba,  Hcsmorrhag" ia  muco'sa,  Leu- 
cor'rho'is,  &c.     It  requires  no  special  mention. 

HyEMORRHOis  AB  ExANiA,  Proctocele — h.  Pro- 
eedens.  Proctocele. 

HiEM ORRHOiS'CH^l SIS,  from 'a<;.oppo,?, 
'hcBmorrhois,'  p£<ii,  'I  flow,'  and  ia)(^eu),  'I  restrain.' 
Peten'tio  fluxus  hmmorrho'ida'lis.  Suj^pression  or 
retention  of  the  hemorrhoidal  flux. 

H^MORRHOPHE'SIS,  Alsorp'tio  sang'uinis, 
from  'ai/ia,  '  blood,'  and  pocpaw,  '  I  sip  up.'  Ab- 
sorption of  blood. 

H^MORRHOPHILIA,  Hromatophilia. 

HiEMORRHOSCOPIA,  Ilismatoscopia. 

HiEMORRHYSIS,  Hasmorrhagia. 

HiEMOSCHEOCELE,  Hasmatoscheocele. 

H^MOSCOPIA,  Hajmatoscopia. 

H^MOSPASIA,  see  Ha;mospastic. 

H^MOSPAS'TIC,  (F.)  Hemospasique,  from 
'aipia,  '  blood,'  and  avaut,  '  I  draw.'  An  agent 
which  draws  or  attracts  blood  to  a  part ;  as  a 
cupping-glass.  The  operation  is  termed  Hmmos- 
23a'sia,  (F.)  Hemospiasie.  It  is  generally  applied 
to  a  process  by  which  the  air  is  exhausted  over  a 
considerable  surface,  as  over  one  or  more  of  the 
extremities,  by  an  approjiriate  pneumatic  appa- 
ratus. 

HiEM0STA'SIA,i7cEmos'<asi's,  Epid'esis,  San', 
guinis  atagna'tio,  (F.)  Hemostasie,  from  'aiixa, 
'blood,' and  aracns,  'stagnation.'  Stagnation  of 
blood.  This  name  has,  also,  been  given  to  any 
operation,  the  object  of  which  is  to  arrest  the  flow 
of  blood. 

ILEMOSTATICS,  Haematostatica. 

HiEMOTELANGIOSIS,  Telangiectasia. 


EiEMOTEXIA 


427 


EALMTRODES 


HiEJIOTEXIA,  Heemateclysis. 
-      HiEMOTEXIS,  Hcemateclysis. 

HEMOTHORAX,  Hfemathoras. 

HiEMOTIS.MUS,  Hemoptysis. 

HEMOT'ROPHY,  Hmmotroph'ia  ;  from  'ai^a, 
'blood,'  and  rpo^r/,  'nourishment.'  Excess  of 
sanguineous  nourishment.  — Prout. 

HEMURIA,  H£ematuria. 

HiEMURESIS,  Hajmaturia. 

H-^MYDOR,  Serum  of  the  blood. 

HiBREDITARIUS,  Hereditary. 

HESITATIO,  Balbuties. 

HiEVBA  GUIANENSIS,  see  Caoutchouc 

HAG  ART),  Haggard. 

HAGE'NIA  ABYSSIN'ICA,  Brayera  antTiel- 
tnhi'ttca,  Bank'sia  Ahyssui'ica.  An  Abyssinian 
tree  of  the  famili/  Rosacea3 ;  Sexual  si/stem,  Ico- 
sandria  Digynia,  which  the  natives  plant  round 
their  habitations,  as  an  ornament.  The  infusion 
or  decoction  of  its  flowers  is  emploj'ed  by  them 
as  an  authelmintic,  especially  in  cases  of  tape- 
worm. It  is  called,  there,  Cusso  or  Kosso,  and 
Sabbi. 

HAGGARD,  (F.)  Hagard.  The  French  use 
the  term  Air  Tiagard,  Q^il  hagard,  'Haggard 
air,'  'Haggard  eye,'  for  a  physiognomy,  in  which 
there  is  at  once  an  expression  of  madness  and 
terror. 

HAGIOSPERMUM,  Artemisia  santoniea. 

HAGIOXYLUM,  Guaiacum. 

HAIL,  Chalaza. 

HAIR,  Sax.  hsei',  Orines,  Pilus,  TJirix,  Pile, 
(F.)  Poil.  A  conical,  corneous  substance,  the  free 
portion  or  shaft,  scryjii-s,  of  which  issues  to  a  greater 
or  less  distance  from  the  skin,  to  the  tissue  of 
which  it  adheres  by  a  bulb,  Bidbus  jjHi,  seated  in 
the  areolar  membrane, — where  alone  it  is  sensi- 
ble. The  hair  receives  various  names  in  different 
parts  —  as  Beard,  Cilia,  Eyebrows,  Hair  of  the 
head  {OajyiUi,)  &o. 

Hair,  Falling  off  op  the.  Alopecia — h.  Mat- 
ted, Plica — h.  Mviscular,  Dracunculus — h.  Plaited, 
Plica  —  b.  Trichomatose,  Plica  —  h.  Worm,  Seta 
equina,  see  Ectozoa. 

HAIRY,  Pileous. 

HAL,  Salt. 

HALA'TION',  Hala'tium ;  diminutive  of  'aXf, 
'salt.'  A  pungent  remedy,  with  the  ancients, 
■which  contained  salts. 

HALCHEMI'A.  The  alcbymists  so  called  the 
art  of  fusing  salts :  from  *aXj,  '  salt,'  and  x^'^'  '  -"■ 
pour  out.'- — Libavius. 

HALCYON,  Alcyon. 

HALCYONIUM  ROTUNDUM,  Pila  marina. 

HALE,  Ephelides. 

HALEINE,  Breath — h.  Courte,  Dyspnoea. 

HALELE'ON,  HalelcB'um,  from  'a\i,  'salt,' 
and  tXaiov,  'oil.'  Oleum  Sali  mixtum.  A  mix- 
ture of  oil  and  salt,  for  removing  swellings  of  the 
joints. — Galen. 

HALETERATION,  Alteration. 

HALF-CASTE,  Half-Cast,  see  Caste.  A  term 
applied,  in  India,  to  the  offspring  of  a  Hindoo 
and  a  European.  Since,  extended  to  the  offspring 
of  mixed  races.  The  subjoined  list  from  Tschudi's 
Travels  in  Peru,  1838  —  1842,  shows  the  parent- 
age of  the  different  varieties  of  half-casts,  and 
also  the  proper  designations  of  the  latter,  as  ob- 
served in  South  America. 

Parents.  Children. 

White  Fnther  and  Negro  Mother,    Mulatto. 
White  Fatlierand  Indian  Mother,     Meztizo. 
Indian  Fal  Iter  and  Negro  Mother,     Chi  no. 
VVUite  Father  and  Mulatia  Mother,  Cuarteron. 


f  Creole  (nnlydisfin. 

I  ciiished     Irum     tho 
WhiteFatherandMestizaMother-^  white    by    a    jiale 

I  brownish  coniplex- 

Lion.) 
White  Father  and  China  Mother,    Chino-blanco. 
White   Father  and  Cuarlerona    (  „    .   . 

Mother jQujnteio. 

White  Father  and  Quintera  Mo-  1  „,,  .. 

tiier I  White. 

Negro  Father  and  Mulatta  Mothef,Zanibo-negro. 
Negro  Father  and  Mezliza  Motlier, Mulatto  oscuro. 
Negro  Father  and  Cltina  Mother,     Zanibo  cliino. 

Negro  Father  and  Zamba  Mother,  \  Zanibo-negro   (per- 

=  /  fectly  black.) 

Negro  Father  and  Cuarterona  or  j  Mulatto  (rather 
Ciuintera  Mother, (  dark.) 

Indian  Father  and  3Iulatta  Mo-  K  „.  . 
jIjpj. !  China-oscuro. 

Inchan^^auierand'M^iza'Mo:    ;^;|^-l:;-,(^: 

^"'-'^ (  liful.) 

Indian  Father  and  China  Mother,     Cliino-cholo. 
Indian   Father  and  Zamba  Mo-  j  zambcclaro. 

t  her ( 

Indian  Father  with  China-cliola  I  Tridiaii  (with  rather 

Mother )  short  frizzy  hair.) 

Indian  Fatlier  and  Cuarterona  or  \  Meztizo  (rather 

Quintera  Mother (  brown.) 

Mulatto  J'atiier  and  Zamba  Mo-  )  Zanibo   (a  misera- 

tlier /  ble  race) 

Mulatto  Father  and  Meztiza  Mo-  j  Chi  no     (of    rather 

ther. /  clear  complexion.) 

Mulatto  Father  and  China  ]Mother,Chino(raiherdark.) 

See  Mulatto. 

HALICA,  Alica. 

HALICACALUM,  Physalis. 

HALICES,  Pandiculation. 

HALIDRYS  VESICULOSA,  Fucus  vesicu- 
losus. 

HALINA'TRUM,  Halini'trum,  Haloni'trum } 
from  'aXj,  'salt,'  and  natriim  or  natron.  A  name 
given  by  the  ancients  to  subearbonate  of  soda, 
containing  a  little  subearbonate  of  ammonia, 
which  is  found,  ready-formed,  on  the  piaster  of 
damp  walls,  in  places  inhabited  by  man  or  ani- 
mals.    Also,  Potassfe  nitras. 

HALIXITRUM,  Halinatrum. 

HALINUS,  Saline. 

HAL'ITUOUS,  Halituo'sus,  from  halitus,  'va- 
pour.' (F.)  Halitueux.  The  skin  is  said  to  be  ha- 
litueuse,  when  covered  with  a  gentle  moisture. 
The  vapour,  exhaled  in  all  the  cavities  of  the 
body,  so  long  as  the  blood  is  warm,  is  called 
Hal'itus.  The  odorous  vapour,  exhaled  by  the 
blood  itself  whilst  warm,  is  called  Hal'itus  San'- 
guinis. 

Halitus,  Breath  —  h.  Oris  Foetidus,  Breath, 
offensive — h.  Sanguinis,  Gaz  sanguinis.  See  Ha- 
lituous. 

HALL,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  The 
springs  of  Hall,  in  Upper  Austria,  contain  iodine. 

HALLUCINATIO  HYPOCHONDRIASIS, 
Hypochondriasis — h.  Vertigo,  Vertigo. 

"jiAhLJ]  cm  A'T101:^,Hallucina'tio,ffah,cina'. 
tio,  Falla'cia,  lUu'sio  senses,  Socor'dia,  Alu'sia, 
Tll'u'sio,  Allucina' tio,  Parora'sis,  Somnia'tio  in 
statu  vig"ili,  Ido'lum,  Wahing  dream,  Phan'tasm, 
from  allucinari,  'to  err;'  'to  be  deceived.'  A 
morbid  error  in  one  or  more  of  the  senses.  Per- 
ception of  objects,  which  do  not  in  fact  exert  any 
impression  on  the  external  senses.  Hallucination 
or  delusion  almost  always,  if  not  always,  depends 
on  disorder  of  the  brain,  but  is  not  an  index  of 
insanity,  unless  the  patient  believes  in  the  exist- 
ence of  the  subject  of  the  hallucination. 

HALLUS,  Pollex  pedis. 

HALLUX,  Pollex  pedis. 

HALME,  Muria. 

H  A  L  M  Y  R  0 '  D  E  S,  Salsugino'sus,  Saimmg"i. 
nous,  from  'aA/jiiptj,  ('aX/^i;,  'sea-water,'  'a)><;,  salt,') 
'a  salt  liquor,'  saltish.     An  enJ^hct  given  to  any 


HALMYRUS 


428 


HAKMONT 


affection,  in  which  the  heat  feels  pungent  under 
the  finger  of  the  physician. — Illpjjocrates. 

HALMYRUS,  Saline. 

HALO,  Areola. 

Halo  Signa'tus.  The  impression  made  by 
the  ciliary  processes  on  the  anterior  surface  oi  the 
vitreous  humour.  So  called  from  its  consisting 
of  a  circle  of  indentations. — Sir  C.  Bell.  Called 
by  Haller,  Stria:  ret'incB  subject'cB  ligamen'to 
eilia'ri.  • 

HALODBm5'UM,from  'aXf,  'salt,'  and  Scfiaiov, 
*'a  collar,'  (Ssgrj,  'neck.')  Colla'rium  sail' num. 
A  collar  of  salt  applied  to  the  neck,  as  in  cases 
of  croup. 

HALOGEl^E,  Chlorine. 

HALOID  UM  OXYGENATUM,  Potassse  mu- 
rias  hyperoxygenatus. 

HALONIITIS,  Induration  of  the  cellular 
tissue. 

HALONITRUM,  Halinatrum. 

HALOPE'GiE,  from  'aXj,  'a\o<;,  'salt,'  and 
Tiiytj,  'a  spring.'  Mineral  waters  whose  chief  in- 
gredient is  common  salt — chloride  of  sodium. 

HALOS,  Areola. 

HALOT'YLE,  Cul'cita  sali'na,  from  'a\g, '  salt,' 
and  TvXr),  '  a  bolster.'  A  bolster  or  pillow  of  salt 
recommended  in  croup. 

HALS,  'a\s, '  salt;'  hence  Halogene,  Haloid,  kc. 

HALTE'RES.  Pieces  of  lead  held  in  the 
hands  by  the  ancients  to  assist  them  in  leaping. 

IIALUCINATIO,  Hallucination. 

HALYCODES,  Saline. 

HALYCIS  MEMBRANACEA,  Bothriocepha- 
lus  latus — h.  Solium,  Taenia  solium. 

HAM,  Poples. 

HAMAME'LIS  VIRGINIA'NA,  H.  Virgin'i- 
ca,  Witch  hazel,  Winter  loiteh  hazel,  Snapping 
Hazelnut,  Winter  bloom.  The  bark  of  this  tree, 
which  is  a  native  of  the  United  States,  is  some- 
what bitter  and  sensibly  astringent;  but  it  has 
not  been  much  used.  A  cataplasm  of  the  inner 
rind  of  the  bark  is  said  to  have  been  found  eflSca- 
cious  in  painful  inflammation  of  the  eyes. 

HAMARTHRI'TIS,  Holarthri'tis,  Catholar- 
thri'tis,  Arthri'tis  universa'lis,  from  'a^a,  '  at 
once,'  and  apOpirts,  'gout.'  Gout  in  all  the  joints. 
Universal  gout. 

HAM'MA,  Nodus,  'a  tie.'  A  knot,  used  for 
retaining  bandages  on  any  part.  —  Hippocrates. 
A  truss. 

HAMPSTEAD,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
These  waters,  situate  in  the  neighbourhood  of 
Lfjndon,  are  a  good  chalybeate. 

HAMSTRING,  To,  see  Hamstrings. 

HAMSTRINGS,  (F.)  Jarretiera.  The  strings 
or  tendons  of  the  ham. 

The  Hamstring  Muscles  are  the  biceps  femo- 
ris,  whose  tendon  forms  the  outer  hamstring  ;  and 
the  semimembranosus,  semitendinosus,  gracilis 
and  sartorius,  whose  tendons  form  the  inner 
hamstring. 

'  To  hamstring'  means  to  cut  the  strings  or  ten- 
dons of  the  ham. 

HAMULAR  PROCESS,  see  Hamulus. 

HAM'ULUS.  Diminutive  oihamua,  'a  hook.' 
A  hook  or  crook :  Ancis'tron.  Also,  any  hook- 
Jike  process ;  as  the  hamulus  or  hamular  process 
bf  the  pterygoid  process. 

Hamulus  Lamina  Spiralis,  see  Lamina  spi- 
lalis. 

HAMUS,  see  Hamulus. 

HANCHE,  Haunch. 

HAND,  Man  us. 

HANDS,  DROPPED,  Hand-drop,  Wrist-drop. 
A  popular  term  for  the  paralysis  of  the  hand,  in- 
duced by  the  action  of  lead. 

HANGERS,  Ciusta  genu  equina). 


HANGNAIL,  (F.)  Envie.  A  portion  of  epi- 
dermis, detached  so  as  to  tear  the  integument  in 
the  vicinity  of  the  finger  nails. 

HANNEBANE,  Hyoscyamus. 

HAPANTIS'MUS,  Badly  formed  from  iraj, 
or  'ttiraf,  *  all.'  Oblitera'tio  comple'ta.  The  mat- 
ting or  growing  together  of  organic  parts. 

HAPHE,  'a(t)ti,  'feeling,  touch.'     Hence: 

HAPHON'OSI,  Hajjhonu'si,  from  'a(pv,  'the 
touch.'  ilorbi  fauHis.  Diseases  of  the  sense  of 
touch. 

HAPLOACNE,  Acne  simplex. 

HAPLOPATHI'A,  fiom  'o7.Xoj,  'simple,' and 
■naQog,  '  disease.'  Morbus  simplex.  A  simple  or 
uncomplicated  aifection. 

HAPLOTOM'IA,  Simplex  sec'tio,  Incis'io  sim- 
plex, Opera'tio  simpilex,  from  'an-Xof,  'simple,' and 
Toii-n,  '  incision.'     A  simple  incision. 

HAPSIS,  Touch. 

HAPTODYSPHOR'IA,  Tactus  dolorif'icus ; 
from  'a<piu  'touch,'  and  6va<popos,  'difficult  to  be 
borne.'     Painful  to  the  touch. 

HAPTOT'ICA,  Haptot'ice,  from  'afr,,  'touch.' 
The  doctrine  of  the  phenomena  of  touch. 

HARD,  (G.)  hart,  Bwus,  Scleras,  (F.)  Bur. 
That  which  offers  much  resistance.  In  anatomy, 
the  hard  parts  are  those  which  compose  the  os- 
seous basis  of  the  body;  in  other  words,  the  skele- 
ton.    See  Pulse,  hard. 

HARD'S  FARINACEOUS  FOOD,  see  Fari- 
naceous. 

HARDESIA,  Hibernicus  lapis. 

HARDHACK,  Spiraea  tomentosa. 

HARE-LIP,  Lagochi'lus,  Lagos'toma,  Lagon'- 
tomuni,  Lagen'tomitm,  La'bium  Lepori'num,  Olo- 
pho'nia  Labii  Loba'ta,  Lepori'num  rostrum,  (F.) 
Bee  de  Lievre.  A  fissure  or  perpendicular  divi- 
sion of  one  or  both  lips.  It  has  been  so  called, 
in  consequence  of  the  upper  lip  of  the  hare  being 
thus  divided.  Hare-lip  is  generally  congenital; 
at  other  times  it  is  accidental,  or  produced  by  a 
wound,  the  edges  of  which  have  not  been  brought 
into  contact,  and  have  healed  separately.  It  is 
simple,  when  there  is  but  one  division;  dotible, 
when  there  are  two;  and  complicated,  when  there 
is,  at  the  same  time,  a  division  or  cleft  of  the  su- 
perior maxillary  bone  and  of  the  palate — Cleft  or 
fis'snred  palate,  Wolf's  jaw.  Rictus  lupi'nus ;  or 
a  projection  of  the  teeth  into  the  separation  of  the 
lip. 

In  the  Hare-lip  operation,  there  are  two  indi- 
cations to  be  fulfilled.  First,  to  pare,  with  the 
knife  or  scissors,  the  edges  of  the  cleft,  and,  af- 
terwards, to  preserve  them  in  contact ;  in  order 
to  cause  adhesion.  This  last  object  is  accom- 
plished by  means  of  pins,  passed  through  the 
edges  of  the  division ;  in  other  words,  by  the 
twisted  suture.  The  projecting  teeth  must,  of 
course,  be  previously  removed.  If  there  be  sepa- 
ration of  the  palate,  it  will  become  less  and  less 
after  the  union  of  the  lip,  or  the  operation  of  sta- 
phyloraphy  may  be  performed  upon  it. 

Hare's  Ear,  Bupleurum  rotundifolium  —  h. 
Eye,  Lagophthalmia. 

HARGNE,  Hernia — h.  Anevrysmale,  Cirsom- 
phalus. 

HARICOT,  Phaseolus  vulgaris— A.  Grand  de 
Perou,  Jatropha  curcas. 

HARMALIA,  Aliment. 

HARMONY,  Hnrmo'nia,  Harmos,  primarily 
from  apui,  '  I  adjust.'  Anatomists  have  called  Su- 
ture by  Harmony  or  simply  Harmony,  False  or 
superficial  suture,  Sutu'ra  os'sium  spu'ria,  Com- 
pa'ges  os'sium.  per  lin'eam  sim'pliccm,  an  immov- 
able articulation,  in  which  the  depressions  and 
eminences,  presented  by  the  bony  surfaces,  are 
but  slightly  marked;  so  that  it  might  be  pre- 


HAKMUS 


429 


HEAKT 


Bumed  that  the  junction  of  the  hones  took  place 
hy  simple  apposition  of  their  surfaces.  An, in- 
stance of  harmony  occurs  in  the  union  of  the 
superior  maxillary  bones  with  each  other. 

HAPtMlTS,  Articulation,  Harmony. 

HAE'ROWGATE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
The  villages  of  High  and  Low  Harrowgate  are 
situate  in  the  centre  of  the  county  of  York,  near 
Knaresborough,  twenty  miles  from  York,  and 
fifteen  from  Leeds.  Here  are  several  valuable 
sulphurous  and  chalybeate  springs.  The  sulphu- 
reous springs  contain  chloride  of  sodium,  chloride 
of  calcium,  chloride  of  magnesium,  bicarbonate 
of  soda,  sulphohydric  acid,  carbonic  acid,  carbu- 
retted  hydrogen,  and  azote.  The  chalyheate 
sj}7-ings  contain  protoxide  of  iron,  chloride  of  so- 
dium, sulphate  of  soda,  chloride  of  calcium,  chlo- 
ride of  magnesium,  carbonic  acid,  azote,  and  oxy- 
gen. Eor  the  former,  Harrowgate  is  celebrated 
and  frequented. 

Hakrowgate  Salts,  Aetificial,  are  much 
employed,  and  not  unfrequently  by  those  who 
drink  the  genuine  water,  for  the  purpose  of  in- 
creasing its  aperient  power.  They  may  be  made 
as  follows  : — Sul]}!!.  Potass,  citm  SulpJi.  ^vj  ;  Po- 
tass, hitart.  §j  ;  Magnes.  Suljih.  in  pulv.  ^vj.  M. 
The  usual  dose  is  a  teaspoonful,  in  a  small  tum- 
blerful of  tepid  water,  early  in  the  morning. 

Harrowgate  Water,  Artificial,  may  be 
formed  oi  common  salt,  ^v;  water,  Oiij ;  impreg- 
nated with  the  gas  from  sulphuret  of  piotass,  and 
snlphurie  acid,  aa  giv.  The  following  form  has 
also  been  recommended.  R-  StdpJiat.  Potass, 
ciim  sulph.  (Ph.  Ed.)  ^y,  Potass,  hitart.  ^ss ; 
Magnes.  sidpihat.  ^vj  ;  Aqum  destillat.  Oij.  One- 
half  to  be  taken  for  a  dose. 

HARTFELL,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Hartfell  Spa  is  about  five  miles  from  Moiiat,  in 
Scotland.  The  water  is  a  chalybeate,  and  is 
much  used. 

HARTSHORN,  Cervus,  Cornu  cervi,  Liquor 
cornu  cervi  —  h.  Red,  Spiritus  lavandulse  com- 
positus  —  h.  and  Oil,  Linimentum  ammonise  car- 
bonatis. 

HARTS'  TONGUE,  Asplenium  seolopendrium. 

HARTWORT  OF  MARSEILLES,  Seseli  tor- 
tuosum. 

HASCHICH,  see  Bangue. 

HAST  A,  Penis  — h.  Nuptialis,  Penis  — h.  Vi- 
rilis.  Penis. 

HASTELLA,  Splint. 

HASTINGS,  CLIMATE  OF.  This  place  has 
the  reputation  of  being  one  of  the  mildest  and 
most  sheltered  winter  residences  on  the  south 
coast  of  England.  Owing  to  its  low  situation, 
and  the  height  of  the  neighbouring  cliifs,  it  is 
protected  in  a  great  degree  from  all  northerly 
winds  ;  and  hence  is  found  a  favourable  residence 
generally  for  invalids  labouring  under  diseases 
of  the  chest. 

HAS'TULA  REGIS,  Asphodelus  ramosus. 

HATFIELD'S  TINCTURE,  see  Tinctura  Gua- 
iaci  ammoniata. 

HAUNCH,  (7o£ra,(7oxe7j'(fix,  oftheLatins;  ay^V, 
or  ia)(^iov,  of  the  Greeks;  Ancha,  IscJiion,  Osphi/s, 
Hip,  Cossa,  (F.)  Hanche.  The  region  of  the  trunk 
which  is  formed  by  the  lateral  parts  of  the  pelvis 
and  the  hip-joint,  including  the  soft  parts.  In 
women,  on  account  of  the  greater  width  of  the 
pelvis,  the  haunches  are  more  marked  and  pro- 
minent than  in  men. 

HAUSTEL'LATE,  Haustella'tus,  from  Tiaurio, 
Tiaiistus,  '  I  drink  up.'  An  epithet  for  the  struc- 
ture of  mouth,  which  is  adapted  for  drinking  or 
pumping  up  liquids.  Insects,  which  possess  that 
kind  of  mouth,  are  so  named.  Ehrenberg  refers 
the  fancied  spermatozoon  to  the  haustellate  en- 
tozoa. 


HAUSTUS,  Po'tio,  Potiun'eida.  A  BrangTit. 
A  liquid  medicine,  which  can  be  taken  at  a 
draught. 

Hatjstus  Niger,  see  Infusum  senna3  compo- 
situm. 

HA  UT  3IAL,  Epilepsy. 

HAVAN'A  or  HAVAN'NAH,  CLIMATE  OF. 
The  climate  of  Cuba  is  often  selected  for  the 
phthisical  invalid  during  the  winter  months,  and 
so  far  as  regards  elevation  and  comparative  equa- 
bility of  temperature,  it  is  more  favourable  for 
those  of  weak  lungs  than  that  of  the  United 
States.  The  mean  annual  temperature  is  high 
(78°),  hut  the  difference  between  the  mean  tem- 
perature of  the  warmest  and  coldest  months  ia 
twice  as  great  as  at  Madeira. 

HAW,  BLACK,  Viburnum  prunifolium. 

HAWKNUT,  Bunium  bulbocastanum. 

HAWKWEED,  VEINY,  Hieracium  venosum. 

HAWTHORN,  WHITE,  Mespilus  oxyacan- 
tha. 

HAY,  CAMEL'S,  Juncus  odoratus^ — h.  Asthma, 
Fever,  Hay. 

HAYRIFF,  Galium  aparine. 

HAZEL,  BEAKED,  Corylus  rostrata— h.  Crot- 
tles.  Lichen  pulmonarius — h.  Nut,  snapping,  Ha- 
mamelis  Virginiana  —  h.  Nut  tree,  Corylus  avel- 
lana — h.  Witch,  Hamamelis  Virginiana. 

HEAD,  Sax.  heajro6,  heaF6,  heaved;  the  past 
participle  of  heaJTan,  '  to  heave  up.'  Caput,  Ce- 
l)hale,  Ci/'be,  (F.)  Tete.  The  head  forms  the 
upper  extremity  of  the  body,  and  tops  the  skele- 
ton. It  consists  of  the  cranium  and  face.  The 
first,  which  comprises  all  the  superior  and  poste- 
rior part,  has  the  encephalon  in  its  cavity :  the 
latter  forms  only  the  anterior  part,  and  serves  as 
the  receptacle  for  the  greater  part  of  the  organs 
of  the  senses. 

Head,  Water  ix  the,  Hydrocephalus. 

Head  Ach,  Cephalasa,  Cephalalgia  —  h.  Ach, 
intermittent.  Cephalalgia  periodica — h.  Ach,  sick, 
Cephala3ji  spasmodica. 

HEADY,  same  etymon  as  Head.  (F.)  Capitenx. 
That  which  inebriates  readily.  An  epithet,  ap- 
plied to  wines,  which  possess  this  quality. 

HEAL-ALL,  Collinsonia  Canadensis,  Prunella 
vulgaris,  Scrophularia  nodosa. 

HEALING,  Curative— h.  Art,  Medicine. 

HEALTH,  Sanitas. 

HEALTHY,  Salutary. 

HEARING,  HARDNESS  OF,  Deafness  — h. 
Perverse,  Paracusis  perversa. 

HEART,  Sax.  heojic,  Germ.  Herz,  Cor,  Cear, 
Cer,  Car'dia,  Kcap,  ')cTip,  KapSia,  (F.)  Cosur.  An 
azygous  muscle,  of  an  ii-regularly  pyramidal 
shape;  situate  obliquely  and  a  little  to  the  left 
side,  in  the  chest ; — resting  on  the  diaphragm  by 
one  of  its  surfaces  : — suspended  by  its  base  from 
the  great  vessels ;  free  and  movable  in  the  rest 
of  its  extent,  and  surrounded  by  the  pericardium. 
The  right  side  of  the  body  of  the  heart  is  thin 
and  sharp,  and  is  called  Margo  acu'tvs:  the  left 
is  thick  and  round,  and  termed  Margo  ohtu'sus. 
It  is  hollow  within,  and  contains  four  cavities ; 
two  of  which,  with  thinner  and  less  fleshy  walls, 
receive  the  blood  from  the  lungs  and  the  rest  of 
the  body,  and  pour  it  into  two  others,  with  thick 
and  very  fleshy  parietes,  which  send  it  to  the 
lungs  and  to  every  part  of  the  body.  Of  these 
cavities,  the  former  are  called  auricles,  the  latter 
ventricles.  The  right  auricle  and  right  ventricle 
form  ih^  Pulmonic  or  right  or  anterior  heart,  (F.) 
Cceur  du  ponmon,  C.  du  sang  noir,  C.  droi*,  C. 
anterieur:  and  the  left  auricle  and  ventricle,  tlio 
systemic,  corporeal,  left,  or  aortic  heart,  (F.)  Cwnr 
du  corps,  C.  gaitche,  C.  aortioue  ou  C.  range.  In 
the  adult,  these  are  totally  distinct  fr'im  each 
other,  being  separated  by  a  partition  ;  —  the  *ej> 


HEAET 


430 


HEAT 


turn  cordis.  Into  the  riglit  auricle,  the  venss 
cava;, — superior  and  inferior, — and  the  coronary 
vein,  open.  The  pulmonary  artery  arises  from 
the  right  ventricle ;  the  four  pulmonary  veins 
open  into  the  left  auricle,  and  the  aorta  arises 
froin  the  left  ventricle. 

The  mean  weight  of  the  heart,  in  the  adult, 
from  the  twenty-fifth  to  the  sixtieth  year,  is,  ac- 
cording to  Bouiilaud,  from  eight  to  nine  ounces. 
The  dimensions,  according  to  Lobstein  and  Bouii- 
laud, are  as  follows  :  -^  Length,  from  base  to 
apes,  five  inches  six  lines:  breadth,  at  the  base, 
three  inches;  thickness  of  the  walls  of  the  left 
ventricle,  seven  lines ;  at  a  finger's  breadth  above 
the  apex,  four  lines ;  thickness  of  the  walls  of  the 
right  ventricle,  two  and  a  quarter  lines ;  at  the 
apex,  half  a  line ,:  thickness  of  right  auricle,  one 
line;  of  the  left  auricle,  half  a  line.  The  heart 
is  covered,  externally,  by  a  very  thin,  membra- 
nous reflection  from  the  pericardium.  The  vtyas- 
cular  structure  of  which  it  is  constituted  is  much 
thicker  in  the  parietes  of  the  ventricle  than  in 
those  of  the  auricles.  Its  cavities  are  lined  by  a 
very  delicate  membrane,  the  endocardium,  which 
is  continuous  with  the  inner  membrane  of  the 
arteries,  as  regards  the  left  cavities,  and  with  that 
of  the  veins,  as  regards  the  right.  Its  arteries — 
the  CO /•ojjar^ — arise  from  the  commencement  of  the 
aorta.  Its  nerves  proceed,  chiefly,  from  the  pneu- 
mogastric  and  the  cervical  ganglions  of  the  great 
sympathetic.  The  heart  is  the  great  agent  in 
the  circulation.  By  its  contraction,  the  blood  is 
sent  over  every  part  of  the  body.  Its  action  does 
not  seem  to  be  directly  owing  to  nervous  influ- 
ence received  from  the  brain  or  spinal  marrow, 
or  from  both.  The  circulation  may,  indeed,  be 
kept  up,  for  some  time,  if  both  brain  and  spinal 
marrow  be  destroyed. 

When  the  ear  is  applied  to  the  chest,  a  dull, 
lengthened  sound  is  heard,  which  is  synchronous 
■with  the  arterial  pulse.  This  is  instantly  suc- 
ceeded by  a  sharp,  quick  sound,  like  that  of  the 
valve  of  a  bellows  or  the  lapping  of  a  dog,  and 
this  is  followed  by  a  period  of  repose.  The  first 
sound  appears  to  be  mainly  produced  by  the  con- 
traction of  the  ventricles ;  the  second,  by  the  re- 
flux of  the  blood  against  the  semilunar  valves. 
These  are  what  are  called  the  Sounds  of  the 
Heart.  Dr.  C.  J.  B.  WDliams  thinks  that  the 
word  lulh-dup  conveys  a  notion  of  the  two 
sounds.  The  Berninfi  or  Impulse  of  the  heart, 
Heart-stroke,  against  the  parietes  of  the  chest  is 
mainly  caused,  perhaps,  bv  the  systole  of  the 
heart,  which  tends  to  project  it  forwards.  It  is 
doubted,  however,  by  some,  whether  the  impul- 
sion be  produced  by  the  dilatation  or  the  eon- 
traction  of  the  ventricles. 

The  following  table  exhibits  the  different  ac- 
tions of  the  heart,  and  their  coincidence  with  its 
sounds  and  impulse.  It  presumes,  that  the  period 
from  the  commencement  of  one  pulsation  to  that 
of  another  is  divided  into  eight  parts;  and  if  the 
case  of  a  ]ser.«!on,  whose  pulse  beats  sixty  times 
in  a  minute,  be  taken,  each  of  these  parts  will 
represent  the  eighth  of  a  second. 

Eighths  op  a  Second. 

Last  part  of  the  pause, . .  .1.  .Auricles  contracting; 
ventricles  distend- 
ed. 

First  sound  andimpulse,  .4.  .Ventricles  contract- 
ing; auricles  dilat- 
ing. 

Isecond  sound, 2.  .Ventricles    dilating ; 

a\iricles  dilating. 

Pause, 1.  .Ventricles    dilating; 

auricles  distended. 
The  heart  is  subject  to  different  organic  dis- 


eases ;  the  chief  of  which  are  aveiirism,  contrac- 
tion of  the  apertures,  and  rupture  of  iti  parietes. 

Heart,  Atrophy  of  the,  Atroph'ia  sen  Ari- 
du'ra  Cordis,  Phthisis  Cordis,  Cardiatrop)h'ia, 
Acardiotroph'ia.  A  condition  of  the  organ  in 
which  there  is  diminution  in  the  thickness  of  the 
parietes  of  the  whole  organ. 

Heart,  Beating  of  the,  see  Heart  —  h.  Dila- 
tation of  the,  see  Aneurism — h.  Displacement  of 
the.  Ectopia  Cordis  —  h.  Fatty,  Steatosis  cordis. 

Heart,  Hy'pertrophy  of  the,  Hypertro2jh'ia 
Cordis,  Hypercor'dia,  Hypersarco'sis  Cordis,  Hy- 
percardiotroph'ia,  Cardiaiix'e,  Aneurys'ma  cor- 
dis acti'vum  (Corvisart),  Cor  hovi'num,  (F.)  Hy- 
j^ertropjhie  du  Coeur.  Supernutrition  of  the  mus- 
cular parietes  of  the  heart,  which  are  thicker  than 
usual;  the  cavities  being  generally  diminished. 
The  pihysical  sirjns  which  indicate  it  are  the  fol- 
lowing. In  cases  of  long  standing,  the  praicordial 
region  is  generally  prominent;  the  pulsations  of 
the  heart  are  visible  over  a  greater  extent  than 
natural;  and  a  marked  vibration  is  communi- 
cated to  the  hand  when  placed  on  the  cardiac 
region.  The  dull  sound  on  percussion  is  more 
extensive  than  natural ;  and  on  auscultation 
there  is  a  permanent  increase  of  the  force  and 
extent  of  the  heart's  action  ;  there  is  no  increase, 
however,  of  frequency,  and  the  rhythm  is  regular. 
The  pulse  is  generally  strong,  full,  and  hard. 

Heart,  Hypertrophy  with  Dilatation  op 
the,  Active  an'eurism,  Eccen'tric  hy'pjertropihy. 
In  this  aifection,  the  pulsations  can  be  seen  and 
felt  over  a  larger  space,  and  the  apes  is  more  to 
the  left  and  lower  down  than  natural.  The  im- 
pulse is  less  steady,  but  at  times  more  violent 
than  that  which  accompanies  simple  hypertrophy. 
Percussion  gives  more  distinct  evidence  of  the  en- 
largement, the  sound  being  more  extensively  dull. 
On  auscultation,  the  impulse  is  often  violent,  but 
irregular :  in  extreme  cases,  it  produces  the  sen- 
sation of  a  large  mass  of  flesh  rolling  or  revolving 
beneath  the  ear.  The  pulse  is  strong,  full,  and 
vibratory.  The  shock  of  the  heart's  action  is 
often  transmitted  to  the  whole  person,  and  to  the 
bed  on  which  the  patient  is  lying. 

Heart,  Concentric  Hypertrophy  of  the,  Car- 
diarctie,  is  when  the  parietes  augment  at  the  ex- 
pense of  the  cavities. 

Heart,  Impulse  of  the,  see  Heart — h.  Neu- 
ralgia of  the.  Angina  Pectoris — h.  Rupture  of  the, 
Cardiorrhexis  —  h.  Sounds  of  the,  see  Heart — h. 
Stroke,  see  Heart. 

HEART'S  EASE,  Viola  tricolor. 

HEARTS,  LYMPH,  Lymphatic  hearts  — h. 
Lymphatic,  Lymphatic  hearts. 

HEARTBURN,  Ardor  ventriculi,  Cardialgia- 

HEARTWORT,  Laserpitium  album. 

HEAT,  past  participle  of  Sax.  haeran,  'to  make 
warm.'  Color,  Therrna,  ^epi^}/.  (F.)  Chaleiir. 
The  material  cause,  which  produces  the  sensa- 
tion— or  the  particular  sensation  itself — produced 
by  a  body  of  an  elevated  temperature,  on  our  or- 
gans, especially  on  the  organs  of  touch.  Jlodem 
chymists  have  given  the  name  f'nlo'ric  to  the 
principle,  whatever  may  be  its  nature,  which  is 
the  cause  of  heat.  "When  we  touch  a  body  of  a 
temperature  superior  to  our  own,  a  portion  of 
caloric  passes  from  the  body  to  the  hard,  and 
produces  the  sensation  of  heat.  If,  on  the  con- 
trnrv,  we  touch  a  body  of  a  tenircraturc  inferior 
to  our  own,  we  communicate  a  portion  of  our 
caloric  to  it,  and  experience  the  scn,=atiori  of  cold. 
Our  own  sensations  are  but  impirfect  indexes  of 
tompernture.  Two  men  meeting  "'t  the  middle 
of  a  mountain, — the  one  aFccndin/,  the  otlier  do- 
sf'cnding,  —  will  experience  difii nnf  sensations. 
The  one  ascending,  passes  froni  :;.  warmer  to  a 


HEAT 


431 


HEAT 


colder  atmosphere; — tlie  one  descending  from  a 
colder  to  a  tn  armer. 

The  chief  instrument  for  measuring  heat,  nsed 
in  medicine,  is  the  thermometer.     Of  this  there 


are  three  kinds:  —  that  of  Fahrenheit,  that  of 
Reaumur,  and  that  of  Celsius  or  the  Centigrade. 
The  following  Table  exhibits  the  correspondence 
of  these  different  thermometric  scales. 


Fah. 

Keau. 

Centig. 

Fall. 

Reau. 

Centig. 

Fah. 

Keau. 

Centig. 

Fah. 

Eeau. 

Centig. 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

212a 

80.00 

100.00 

148 

51.55 

64.44 

85 

23.55 

29.44 

22 

—  4.44  ' 

—  5.55 

211 

79.55 

99.44 

147 

51.11 

63.88 

84 

23.11 

28.88 

21 

—  4.88 

—  6.11 

21u6 

79.11 

98.88 

146 

50.66 

63.-33 

83 

22.66 

28.33 

20m 

—  5.33 

—  6.66 

209 

7S.66 

98.33 

145 

50.22 

62.77 

82 

22.22 

27.77 

19 

—  5.77 

—  7.22 

208 

78.22 

97.77 

144 

49.77 

62.22 

810 

21.77 

27.22 

18 

—  6.22 

—  7.77 

207 

77.77 

97.22 

143 

49.33 

61 .66 

80 

21.33 

26.66 

17 

—  6.66 

—  8.33 

206 

77..33 

96.66 

142^ 

48.88 

61.11 

79 

20.88 

26.11 

16 

-7.11 

—  8.88 

205 

76.SS 

96.11 

141 

48.44 

60.55 

78 

20.'14 

25.55 

15 

—  7.55 

—  9.44 

204 

76.4i 

95.55 

140 

48.00 

60.00 

77 

20.00 

25.00 

14 

—  8.00 

—10.00 

203 

76.00 

95.00 

139 

47.55 

59.44 

76p 

19.55 

24.44 

13 

—  8.44 

— lO.f.5 

202 

75.55 

94.44 

138 

47.11 

58.88 

75 

19.11 

23.88 

12 

—  8.88 

—11.11 

201 

75.11 

93.88 

137 

46.66 

58.33 

74 

18.66 

23.33 

11 

—  9.33 

—11.66 

200 

74.66 

93.33 

136 

46.22 

57.77 

73 

18.22 

22.77 

10 

—  9.77 

—12.22 

139 

74.22 

92.77 

135 

45.77 

57.22 

72 

17.77 

22.22 

9 

—10.22 

—12.77 

198 

73.77 

92.22 

1.34 

45.33 

56.66 

71   - 

17.33 

21.66 

8 

—10.66 

—13.33 

197 

73.33 

91.66 

133^ 

44.84 

58.11 

70 

16.88 

21.11 

Iv 

—11.11 

— 13.S8 

19Gc 

72.88 

91.11 

132 

44.45 

55.55 

69 

16.44 

20.55 

6 

—11.55 

—14.44 

195 

72.44 

90.55 

131 

44.00 

55.00 

68 

16.00 

20.00 

5 

—12.00 

—15.00 

194 

72.00 

90.00 

130 

43.55 

54.44 

67 

15.55 

19.44 

4 

—12.44 

—15.55 

193 

71.55 

89.44 

129 

43.11 

53.88 

66 

15.11 

18. .88 

3 

— 12.SS 

—16.11 

192 

71.11 

88.88 

128 

42.66 

53.33 

65 

14.66 

18.33 

2 

—13.33 

—16.66 

191 

70.66 

88.33 

127 

42.22 

52.77 

64 

14.22 

17.77 

1 

—13.77 

— 17 ,22 

190 

70.22 

87.77 

126 

41.77 

52.22 

63 

13.77 

17.22 

0 

—14.22 

—17.77 

189 

69.77 

87.22 

125 

41.33 

51.66 

62 

13.33 

16.66 

—  1 

—14.66 

-18.83 

ISS 

69.33 

86.66 

124 

40.88 

51.11 

61 

12.88 

16.11 

—  2w 

—15.11 

-18.88 

187 

68.88 

86.11 

123 

40.44 

50.55 

60 

12.44 

15.55 

—  3 

— ^15.55 

—19.44 

1S6 

68.44 

85.55 

122 

40.00 

50.00 

59 

12.00 

15.00 

—  4 

—16.00 

—20.00 

185 

6S.00 

85.00 

121 

39.55 

49.44 

58 

11.55 

14.4-1 

—  5 

—16.44 

—20.55 

1S4 

67.55 

84.44 

120 

S9.ll 

48.88 

57 

11.11 

13.88 

—  6 

—16.88 

—21.11 

183 

67.11 

83.88 

119 

38.66 

48.33 

56 

10.66 

13.33 

—  Ix 

—17.33 

—21.66 

1S2 

66.66 

83.33 

118 

38.22 

47.77 

55 

10.22 

12.77 

—  8 

—17.77 

22.22 

ISl 

66.22 

82.77 

117 

37.77 

47.22 

54 

9.77 

12.22 

—  9 

-18.22 

— 22J7 

ISO 

65.77 

82.22 

116 

37.33 

46.66 

53 

9.33 

11.66 

—10 

—18.66 

—23.33 

179 

65.33 

81.66 

115 

36.88 

46.11 

52 

8.88 

11.11 

—112/ 

—19.11 

—23.88 

nu  ' 

6-i.S8 

81.11 

114 

36.44 

45.55 

51 

8.44 

10.55 

—12 

—19.55 

—24.44 

177 

64.44 

80.55 

113 

36.00 

45.00 

503 

8.00 

10.00 

—13 

—20.00 

—25.00 

176 

64.00 

80.00 

112 

35.55 

44.44 

49 

7.55 

9.44 

—14 

—20.44 

— 25.55 

175 

63.55 

79.44 

111 

35.11 

43.88 

48 

7.11 

8.88 

—15 

—20.88 

—26.11 

174e 

63.11 

78.88 

llDi 

34.66 

43.33 

47 

6.66 

8.-33 

—16 

—21.33 

—26.66 

173 

62.66 

78..33 

109 

34.22 

42.77 

46 

6.22 

7.77 

—17 

—21.77 

—27.22 

172 

62.22 

77.77 

108 

33.77 

42.22 

45 

5.77 

7.22 

—18 

22.22 

—27.77 

171 

61.77 

77.22 

107 

33.33 

41.60 

44 

5.33 

6.66 

—19 

—22.66 

—28.33 

170 

61..33 

76!66 

10  6i 

32.88 

41.11 

43 

4.88 

6.11 

—20 

—23.11 

—28.88 

169 

60.88 

76.11 

105 

32.44 

40.55 

42 

4.44 

5.55 

—21 

—23.55 

—29.44 

ICS 

60.44 

75.55 

104^ 

32.00 

40.00 

41 

4.00 

5.00 

—22 

—24.00 

—30.00 

107/ 

60.00 

75.00 

103 

31.55 

39.44 

40 

3.55 

4.44 

—23 

—24.44 

—30.55 

166 

59.55 

74.44 

102; 

31.11 

38.88 

39 

3.11 

3.88 

—24 

—24.88 

—31.11 

165 

59.11 

73.88 

101 

30.66 

38.33 

38 

2.66 

3.33 

—25 

-25.33 

-51.69 

164 

58.66 

73.33 

loom 

30.22 

37.77 

37 

2.22 

2.77 

—26 

—25.77 

—32.22 

163 

58.22 

72.77 

99 

29.77 

37.22 

36 

1.77 

2.22 

—27 

—26.22 

—32.77 

162 

57.77 

72.22 

9Sw 

29.-33 

36.66 

35 

1.33 

1.66 

—28 

—26.66 

—33.33 

161 

57.-33 

71.66 

97 

28.88 

36.11 

34 

0.88 

1.11 

—29 

—27.11 

—33.88 

160 

56.88 

71.11 

96 

28.44 

35.55 

33 

0.44 

0.55 

—30 

—27.55 

—34.44 

159 

56.44 

70.55 

95 

28.00 

35.00 

32r 

0.00 

0.00 

—31 

—28.84 

—35.00 

158 

56.00 

70.00 

94 

27.55 

34.44 

31 

—0.44 

—0.55 

—52 

—28.00 

—35.55 

157 

55.55 

69.44 

93 

27.11 

33.88 

30s 

—0.88 

—1.61 

—33 

-28.88 

—36.18 

156 

55.11 

68.88 

92 

26.66 

33.33 

29 

—1.33 

—1.66 

—34 

—29.33 

—36.66 

155 

54.66 

68.33 

91 

26.22 

32.77 

28< 

—1.77 

—2.22 

—35 

—29.77 

—37.22 

154 

54.22 

67.77 

90 

25.77 

32.22 

27 

2.22 

—2.77 

—56 

—30.22 

—37.77 

153 

53.77 

67.22 

89 

25.33 

31.66 

26 

—2.66 

—3.33 

—37 

—30.66 

—38.23 

152 

53.33 

66.66 

88 

24.88 

31.11 

25 

—3.11 

—3.88 

—38 

—31.11 

— S8.88 

151 

52.88 

66.11 

87 

24.44 

30.55 

24 

—3.55 

—4.44 

—393 

—31.55 

—39.44 

150 

52.44 

65.55 

86 

24.00 

30.00 

23 

-^.00 

—5.00 

—40 

—32.00 

-^0.00 

149 

52.00 

65.00 

a  Water  1)0113  (Barom.  30  inches.) 

b  Heat  of  a  stove,  tome  by  Dr.  So- 
lander. 

c  Heat  of  a  stove,  borne  for  10  mi- 
Tiutes  by  Sir  Joseph  Banks  and  Dr. 
Solander. 

d  Water  fimmers. 

e.  Alcohol  boils. 

j'  Very  pure  etber  distils. 

g  Bfes'  wax  melts. 

h  Spermaceti  melts. 


i  Temperature  at  which  liquids 
are  often  drunk. 

j  Heat  ob.^erved  in  Scarlatina. 

k  Temperature  of  the  common  hen. 

I  Temperature  of  arterial  blood.  [?] 

m  Temperature  of  venous  blood. 
Phosphorus  melts. 

n  Ether  boils,   o  Nitric  ether  boils. 

p  Muriatic  ether  boils. 

q  Medium  temperature  of  the 
globe.  r  Ice  melts. 


s  Milk  freezes. 

t  Tinegar  freezes. 

w  Strong  wine  freezes. 

V  A  mixture  of  one  part  of  alcohol 
and  throe  of  water  freezes. 

w  Cold  at  the  battle  of  Ejlau,  1807 

X  A  mixture  of  equal  parts  of  al- 
cohol and  water  ireezes. 

y  A  mixture  of  two  parts  of  alco- 
hol and  one  of  water  freezes. 

z  Melting  point  of  quicksilver. 


To  reduce  Centigrade  degrees  to  those  of  FaTi- 
r«n?ie/f.  multiply  by  9,  divide  by  5,  and  add  32: 
thus,  40°  Cent.  X  9H-  5  +  32  =  104°  Fahr.  To 
reduce  Fall  renheit's  degrees  to  those  of  Centigrade, 
subtract  32,  multiplj  by  5,  and  divide  by  9  :  thus, 


104°  Fnhr.  —  32X5-f-9=-40°  Cent.  To  re- 
ditce  lieaumttr's  degrees  to  those  of  Fahrenheit, 
multiply  by  9,  divide  by  4,  and  add  32  :  thus,  32" 
Reaiim.  X  9  H-  4  +  32  =  104°  Fnhr.  To  renvca 
Fahrenheit's  degrees  to  those  of  llmumur  subtract 


HEATH 


432 


HEDERA 


32,  multiply  by  4,  and  divide  by  9 :  tbus,  104° 
Falir.  —  32  X  4  -f-  9  =  32  lieaum.  To  reduce 
Iteaumur's  degrees  to  those  of  Centigrade,  multi- 
ply by  5,  and  divide  by  4 :  thus  32°  lieaum. 
X  5  -i-  4  =  40°  Cent.  ;  and,  lastly,,  to  reduce  Cen- 
tigrade degrees  to  those  of  Reaumur,  multiply  by 
4,  and  divide  by  5  :  thus,' 40°  Cent.  X  4-^  5  =  32° 
Mia  am. 

The  human  body  can  bear  a  high  degree  of 
heat  diifused  in  the  atmosphere.  There  are  cases 
on  record,  where  air  of  400°  and  upwards,  of 
Fahrenheit's  scale,  has  been  breathed  with  im- 
punity for  a  short  time.  It  can  likewise  with- 
stand very  severe  cold.  In  the  expedition  of 
Capt.  Back  to  the  Arctic  regions,  the  thermome- 
ter was  as  low  as  — 70°  of  Fahr.  Excessive  heat 
disposes  the  body  to  gastric  and  intestinal  dis- 
eases, and  particularly  to  inflammation  and  en- 
largement of  the  liver ;  hence,  the  frequency  of 
such  aflFections  within  the  torrid  zone.  Heat  is 
often  used  therapeutically  :  the  actual  cautery,  at 
a  white  heat,  disorganizes  the  parts  to  which  it 
is  applied :  a  lesser  degree  occasions  violent  in- 
flammation. Heat  higher  than  that  of  the  human 
body  is  excitant;  of  a  lower  degree,  sedative. 
Excessive  cold  acts  as  a  powerful  sedaj;ive  —  in- 
ducing sleep,  the  tendency  to  which,  after  long 
exposure,  becomes  irresistible.  See  Cold.  Many 
of  the  topical  applications  —  as  cataplasms  —  act 
wholly  by  virtue  of  their  warmth  and  moisture. 

Heat,  Ardor  vene'reue,  Pruri'tus,  (F.)  Cha- 
leiir  des  Animaux,  Rut,  is  the  periodical  sex- 
Mai  desire  experienced  by  animals,- — CEstrua'- 
tion.  It  is  supposed  by  some  to  be  owing  to  the 
periodical  maturation  and  discharge  of  ova,  — 
Ovula'tion. 

Heat,  Acrid,  see  Acrid  —  h.  Animal,  see  Ani- 
mal Heat. 

Heat,  Inter'nal,  (F.)  Chaleur  interne,  is  a 
sensation  of  heat  felt  by  the  patient,  but  not  sen- 
sible to  the  touch.  External  heat,  (F.)  Chaleur 
exterieure,  that  which  can  be  felt  by  others. 
Heat,  Ardor,  is  called  moist,  (F.)  haliteuse,  when 
accompanied  with  moisture,  like  that  felt  after 
bathing;  dry,  (F.)  seche,  when  the  skin  has  not 
its  ordinary  softness.  It  is  called  acrid  and  pun- 
gent, (F.)  acre  et  mordicante,  when  it  conveys  a 
disagreeable  tingling  to  the  fingers.  The  French 
employ  the  terms  nervous  heat  and  errat'ic  heat, 
Chaleur  nerveuse  and  Chcdeur  erratique,  for  that 
which  comes  by  flushes,  alternating  with  chills, 
and  which  moves  rapidly  from  one  part  to  ano- 
ther. M.  Double  has  used  the  term  septic  heat, 
(F.)  Chaleur  sei^tique,  for  that  which  produces  a 
pungent  sensation  on  the  hand,  similar  to  that 
of  the  acrid  heat,  but  milder  and  more  uniform, 
and  which  is  accompanied  with  feebleness  and 
frequency  of  pulse,  &c. 

Heat,  Prickly,  Lichen  tropicus. 

HEATH,  COMMON,  Erica  vulgaris. 

HEAUTOPHONICS,  see  Autophonia. 

HEAVINESS,  Somnolency. 

HEAVING,  Vomiturition. 

HEAVY,  Gravis,  (F.)  Gravatif,  from  Sax. 
heapan,  'to  heave.'  An  epithet  given  to  any 
]>ain  which  consists  in  a  sensation  of  weight  or 
iieaviness,  or  is  accompanied  by  such  sensation. 

HEBDOMADAL  CYCLE,  see  Cycle. 

HEBDOMADAP.,IA,  Octana. 

HEBE,  'rtlirij  Jnven'ta,  Juvcn'tas,  Juven'tus, 
/lorn  In  antiquity,  the  goddess  of  puberty. 
The  word  has  been  employed  to  designate,  1. 
The  first  hair  that  grows  on  the  pubes,  2.  The 
pubic  region,  and  3.  Puberty. 

HEBETES,  Adolesccns. 

HEBETOR,  Adolcseens. 

HEBETUDO  ANIMI,  Imbecility —  h.  Den- 
dum,  Htemodia — h.  Visus,  Amblyopia,  Caligo. 


.    HEBBADENDRON    CAMBOGIOIDES,    see 

Cambogia. 

HEB'REAVS,  MED'ICINE  OF  THE.  Medi- 
cine seems  to  have  been  at  a  very  low  ebb  with 
the  ancient  Hebrews.  Of  anatomy  they  knew 
nothing.  Their  physiology  was  imperfect  and 
filled  with  superstitions;  and  their  therapeutics 
unsatisfactory.  Hygiene  appears  to  have  been 
most  attended  to.  Of  the  other  departments  of 
medicine  we  cannot  judge  of  their  knowledge. 

HECATOMA  PALUSTRIS,  Ranunculus  see- 
leratus. 

HECATOMPHYLLUM,  Rosa  centifolia. 
HEC'TEUS,  'tKTEuf.     A  Greek  measure,  con- 
taining about  72  chopines  or  pints. 

HECTIC  FEVER,  Fehris  hec'tica,  Hecticoj)'- 
yra,  Heetico]:)yr' etos,  Hec'tica,  Ampihimer'ina  hec'- 
tica, Fehris phthis'ica,  Syntecop' yra,  Syntecticop'- 
yra,  Fehris  marasmo'des,  ilarasmopj'yra,  Fehris 
tah'ida,  Leucopyr'ia,  Epan'etus  hec'tica,  Fehria 
lenta,  F.  amphimer'ina  hec'tica,  Fehris  amuto'ria, 
Chloro'sis  amato'ria,  (F.)  Fievre  Hectique,  F. 
Ftique,  from  'tfis,  'habit  of  body;'  because  in 
this  disease  every  part  of  the  body  is  emaciated; 
or,  perhaps,  from  cxttiku],  '1  consume,'  'I  am  ex- 
hausted.' The  name  of  a  slow,  continued,  or  re- 
mittent fever,  which  generally  accompanies  the 
end  of  organic  afi'ections,  and  has  been  esteemed 
idiopathic,  although  it  is  probably  always  symp- 
tomatic. It  is  the  fever  of  irritation  and  debi- 
lity ;  and  is  characterized  by  progressive  ema- 
ciation, frequent  pulse,  hot  skin,  —  especially  of 
the  palms  of  the  hands  and  soles  of  the  feet, — 
and,  towards  the  end,  colliquative  sweats  and 
diarrhoea.  Being  symptomatic,  it  con  only  be 
removed  by  getting  rid  of  the  original  afli'ection. 
This  is  generally  difficult  and  almost  hopeless  in 
the  disease,  which  it  most  commonly  accompa- 
nies,— consumption. 

HECTIC  A,  Hectic  Fever— h.  Infantilis,  Fever, 
infantile  remittent, 

HECTICOPYRA,  Hectic  fever. 
HECTICOPYRETOS,  Hectic  fever. 
HEC'TISIS,  (F.)  Ftisie.    Same  etymon.    The 
state  of  those  who  have  hectic  fever. 

HECTOGRAMME,  Hectogram' ma,  from  'cKa- 
Tov,  '  a  hundred,'  and  ypafijia.  A  measure  of  100 
grammes,  i.  e.  3  ounces,  1  drachm,  and  44  grains, 
Troy. 

HECTOLITRE.     A   measure    containing  100 
litres  or  26.42  wine  pints. 
HECUSIUS,  Voluntary. 

HEDEO'MA,  Hedeo'ma  pulegio'i'des,  Cuni'la 
jndegioVdes,  Jtfelis'sa  pulegimdes,  Pennyroyal, 
Tickweed,  Stinking  Balm,  Squatcmint.  Sex.  Syst. 
Diandria  Monogynia;  Nat.  Ord.  Labiatae.  An 
indigenous  plant,  common  in  all  parts  of  the 
United  States,  and  which,  where  it  is  abundant, 
perfumes  the  air  for  a  considerable  distance.  It 
is  employed  in  the  same  cases  as  the  mints  and 
the  English  pennyroyal.  In  popular  practice  it 
is  used  as  an  emmenagogue. 

The  O'leum  Hedeo'ma  (Ph.  U.  S.)  or  Oil  of 
Pennyroyal  is  i)sed  as  a  stimulating  cai'minative, 
dropped  on  sugar.  Dose,  2  to  6  drops. 
HEDERA  ARBOREA,  H.  Helix. 
Hed'era  Helix,  Hed'era  arho'rea,  Bac'chica, 
Oissos,  KLaaos,  Cittos,  KirTog,  Ed'era,  Corymhe'tra, 
Corym'hos,  Ivy,  (F.)  Lierre.  The  taste  of  ivy 
leaves  is  bitter,  st3-ptic,  and  nauseous.  They  are 
not  used  in  medicine.  According  to  Haller,  they 
were  recommended  in  Germany  against  the  atro- 
phy of  children  ;  and  the  common  people  of  Eng- 
land sometimes  apply  them  to  running  sores  and 
to  keep  issues  open.  The  berries  were  supposed, 
by  the  ancients,  to  have  an  emetic  and  purgatise 
quality;  and  a  watery  extract  was  made  from 


HEDEEULA 


433 


HELLEBORISMUS 


fhem,  called  by  Quercetanus  Extractuvi  pnrgans. 
Eroni  the  stalk  of  the  tree  a  resinous  juice  ex- 
udes, in  warm  climates, -called  Gummi  Ued' erce, 
(F.)  Gomme  de  lierre,  liesine  de  lierre.  It  is 
possessed  of  tonic  and  astringent  properties,  but 
is  not  used. 

Hedera  Terrestris,  Glechoma  hederacea. 

HEDERULA,  Glechoma  hederacea. 

HEDISARUM  ALHAGI,  Agul. 

HEDRA,  't&pa,  'eSptj,  'a  vestige,'  'a  S9at.'  A 
seat.  A  fracture  of  the  hones  of  the  cranium,  in 
which  the  trace  of  the  fracturing  instrument  is 
still  perceptible.  It  was,  also,  used  by  the  an- 
cients, for  the  anus,  the  breech,  excrement,  a 
privy,  a  night-chaii-,  and  for  the  bottom  of  an 
abscess. 

HEDROCELE,  Proctocele. 

HEDTCH'ROUM,  from '^5«f/ sweet,' and  xpoa, 
'  colour.'  A  remedy  of  a  pleasant  colour.  Applied 
to  certain  trochs,  the  chief  constituent  of  which 
was  Theriae. 

HEDYPHO'jS^IA,  from  '7]Sv;,  'sweet,'  and  ^lovr,, 
'voice.'     Sweetness  of  voice. 

HEDYPiSTBUS'TUS,  Hedyp'noiis,  from  'ndvi, 
*  sweet,'  and  -nve'ji,  '  I  breathe.'  Breathing  sweet- 
ly or  softlv.     Smelling  sweetly. 

IIEDYPKOIS  TARAXACUM,  Leontodon  ta- 
raxacum. 

HEDYSARUM  ALHAGI,  Agul. 

HEDYSMA,  Condiment. 

HEEL,  see  Calcaneum.  , 

HELCENTERITIS,  Dothinenteritis. 

HELCO'DES,  Ulcerated,  Ulcerous. 

HELCOL'OGY, //e?co%"m/  from  <£.\Kog,  'ul- 
cer,' and  Xoyoq.  '  discourse.'  The  doctrine  of,  or 
a  treatise  on,  ulcers. 

HELCOMA,  Ulcer. 

HELCOPHTHAL'MIA,  OplitliaVmia  uleero'sa. 
Ophthalmia  with  ulceration. 

HEL'COS,  from  'lXko?,  'an  ulcer.'     Hence: 

HELCOSIS,  Elcosis,  Ulceration  —  h.  Cerebri, 
Eneephalopyosis — h.  Laryngis,  Phthisis  laryngea 
■^h.  Pulmonalis,  Phthisis  pulmonalis- — h.  Rena- 
lis,  Nephrelcosis  —  h.  Uteri,  see  Metrophthisis  — 
li.  Vesicffi,'  Cystophthisis. 

HELCOSTAPHYLO'MA;  from  'eX^coj, 'ulcer,' 
and  <TTa<pv'\(i)iia,  'staphyloma.'  Staphyloma  end- 
ing in  ulceration. 

HELCOXERO'SIS,  from  'cUog,  'ulcer,'  and 
^rjpuxn;,  '  dryness.'     The  drying  of  an  ulcer. 

HELCTICA.  Epispastics. 

HELCUS,  Ulcer. 

HELCYD'RIOX,  Helcyd'num,  'c^icvSpiov,  Ul- 
cus'culum,  a  small  ulcer,  a  superficial  ulceration 
of  the  cornea. — Galen,  Paulus,  Foesius. 

HELCYS'TER,  from  'eXkm,  'I  draw.'  An 
iron  hook  or  crotchet  for  extracting  the  fuetus. 
See  Crotchet. 

HELENIUM,  Inula  helenium. 

Helen'ium  Atjtumna'le,  False  Sunflower, 
Sneezcwort,  Sneczeiceed,  Swamp  Sunflower,  Yel- 
loii)  star,  Ox-eye.  An  indigenous  herb,  with 
large  golden-yellow  compound  flowers,  which 
appear  in  August.  All  its  parts  are  bitter  and 
somewhat  acrid,  and  when  snuffed  up  the  nos- 
trils in  powder  are  powerful  sternutatori_es. 

HELIAN'THEMUM  CANADEN'SE,  Ghtua 
Canaden'sis,  Frostvort,  Frostweed,  Boch-rose. 
An  herbaceous  plant,  having  large  yellow  flow- 
ers, which  grows  in  all  parts  of  the  United  States, 
and  flowers,  in  the  Middle  States,  in  June.  It 
has  an  astringent,  slightly  aromatic,  and  bitterish 
taste.  It  has  been  prescribed  in  scrofula,  but 
probably  is  nothing  more  than  an  aromatic  tonic. 

Helian'themuji  CoRYjrBO'suir,  Rock  rose,  an 
indigenous  plant,  is  used  in  the  same  cases. 
28 


HELIASIS,  Astrabolismus,  Insolation. 
HELICH'RYSUM  XUDIFO'LIUM,  Caffe.-. 
tea.  A  South  African  plant,  Nat.  Ord.  Compo- 
sita3,  which  is  demulcent,  and,  in  the  form  of  in- 
fusion, is  recommended  in  catarrh,  phthisis,  and 
other  pulmonary  affections. 

HeLICHRYSUJI  SERPTLLIFO'LlITjr,  TTottcntof's 
ten,  and  Helichrysum  Auriccla'tum  have  simi- 
lar virtues. 

IIELICIA,  Age. 

B.Y.lj'lClTs'E.,^ Helic" inns,  EeUcoVdes,  Helico'- 
des,  from  helix,  '  the  tendril  of  the  vine.'  Re- 
sembling the  tendril  of  the  vine. 

Helicise  Arteries  of  the  penis,  as  described 
by  J.  Miiller,  are  short  vessels  given  off  from  the 
larger  branches,  as  well  as  from  the  finest  twigs 
of  the  artery  of  the  organ  :  most  of  those  come 
off  at  a  fight  angle,  and  project  into  the  cavitj- 
of  the  spongy  substance,  either  terminating  ab- 
ruptl}'  or  swelling  out  into  a  club-like  process 
without  again  subdividing.  Almost  all  these 
vessels  are  bent  like  a  horn,  so  that  the  end  de- 
scribes half  a  cu'cle  or  somewhat  more.  They 
have  a  great  resemblance  to  the  tendrils  of  the 
vine,  whence  their  name.  A  minute  examina- 
tion of  them,  either  with  the  lens  or  the  micro- 
scope, shows  that,  although  they  at  all  times 
project  into  the  venous  cavities  of  the  corpora 
cavernosa,  they  are  not  entirely  naked,  but  are 
covered  with  a  delicate  membrane,  which,  under 
the  microscope,  appears  granular. 

HEL'ICIS  major,  a  muscle  of  the  ear. 
which  originates  from  the  anterior,  acute  part  of 
the  helix,  upon  which  it  ascends  and  is  inserted 
into  the  helix.  It  pulls  the  part  into  which  it  is 
inserted  a  little  downwards  and  forwards. 

Helicis  Minor.  This  muscle  originates  from 
the  undet  and  fore  part  of  the  helix,  and  is  in- 
serted into  the  helix,  near  the  fissure  in  the  carti- 
lage, opposite  the  concha.  Its  use  is  to  contract 
the  fissure. 

HELICOIDES,  Helicine. 
HELICOTRE'MA,  from  'tAif.  'helix,  cochlea,' 
and  Tprijia,  'a  foramen.'     The  hole  by  which  the 
two  seaiee  of  the  cochlea  communicate  at  the  apex. 
HELI6MUS,  Convolution. 
HELIKIA,  Age. 
HELIOXOSIS,  Insolation. 
HELIOSIS,  Astrabolismus,  Insolation. 
HELIOTROPE,  Heliotropium  Europceum.     - 
HELIOTROPIOX,  Ciehorium  intybus. 
HELIOTRO'PIUM   EUROP^'UM,   //.  erec 
turn  seu    canes'cens    sen    siijii'mim,    Verruca'ria, 
The  He'liotrope,   (F.)  Tournesol,  Herhe  aux  ver- 
mes.   This  plant  is  considered  to  possess  aperient 
properties  ;  and  to  be  capable  of  destroying  cuta- 
neous excrescences  J  hence  one  of  its  names. 

HELIX,  Caprc'ohis,  from  si'Xuv,  '  to  envelop,' 
'  surround.'    The  fold  is  thus  called,  which  forms 
the  outer  circumference  or  ring  of  the  external  ear. 
Helix,  Limax. 

Helix  Pojia'tia.  A  large  kind  of  snail,  trans- 
ported from  the  south  of  Europe  to  England  by 
Sir  Kenelm  Digby,  for  his  lady  when  in  a  de- 
cline.    It  was  considered  highly  restorative. 

HELLEBORASTER,  Helleborus  foetidus  — h. 
foetidus,  Helleborus  foetidus. 

HELLEBORE.  Dracontium  fretidum — h.  Ame 
rican,  Veratrumviride — h.  Black,  Helleborus niger 
— h.  Blanc,  Veratrum  album — li.  Noir,  Ilelleborua 
niger— h.Stinking,Helleborus  foetidus — h. Swamp, 
Veratrum  viride — h.  White,  Veratrum  album. 

HELLEBORIS'MUS,  Elleboris'm.vs.  The  ina- 
thod  of  treating  disease,  amongst  the  ancients,  by 
hellebore.  This  comprised  not  only  the  choice, 
preparation,  and  administration  of  the  medicine, 
but,  likewise,  the  knowledge  and  employment  uf 


HELLEBORUS 


434 


HEMICRANIA 


preliminary  precautions  and  remedies  proper  for 
aiding  its  action,  and  preventing  the  pernicious 
efiects  which  it  might  occasion. 

HELLEBORUS.  IL  niger— h.  Albus,  Veratrum 
album  —  h.  Grandiilorus,  H.  niger  —  h.  Triiolius, 
Coptis. 

Helleb'orus  Fce'tidus,  Ilellehoras'ter,  H.foe'- 
t'.das,  EUeboraster,  Stinking  HeV lehore  or  Bear's 
foot,  Settericort,  (F.)  Hellebore  ou  Ellehore  fetide. 
Pied  de  Griffon.  The  leaves  of  this  plant  are 
said  to  be  anthelmintic.  The  smell  of  the  fresh 
plant  is  extremely  fetid,  and  the  taste  bitter  and 
acrid.     It  usually  acts  as  a  cathartic. 

HelLEBORUS  Kiger,  H.  grandijlo'rus,  ElleV- 
orus  niger,  Melampo'dinm,  Jlelanorrhi'zum,  Ee'- 
tomon,  Black  Hel'lehore,  Melampode,  ChrisUnaa 
Base,  (F.)  Hellehore  noir.  The  root  of  this  Eu- 
ropean plant — Helleborus,  (Ph.  U.  S.) — has  a  dis- 
agreeable odour,  and  bitter,  acrid  taste.  It  is 
possessed  of  cathartic  properties,  and  has  been 
recommended  as  an  emmenagogue.  It  has  been 
given  in  mania,  melancholia,  dropsy,  suppressed 
menses,  &o.     Dose,  gr.  x  to  ^jj  a-s  a  cathartic. 

HELLECEBRA,  Sedum. 

IlELLENIA  GRANDIFLORA,  Costus. 

HELMET-FLOWER,  YELLOW,  Aconitum 
Anthora. 

HELMET  POD,  Jeffersonia  Bartoni. 

HELMINS,  Plur.  Helmin'thea  seu  Elmin'thes, 
from  't^jxivs,  'a  worm.'  A  worm;  an  entozoon : 
— hence  : 

HELMINTHAGOGUE,  Anthelmintic. 

HELMINTHI,  Worms. 

HELMINTH  I  A,  Helminthiasis  — h.  Alvi, 
Worms. 

Helmi>-'thia  Ereat'ica.  Worms,  introduced 
by  accident  and  without  finding  a  proper  habita- 
tion in  the  stomach  or  intestines  ;  producing 
spasmodic  colic,  with  severe  tormina,  and  oc- 
casionally vomiting  or  dejections  of  blood ;  the 
]  2th  genus  of  the  order  Enterica,  class  Cceliaca, 
of  Good. 

Helminthia  Pobicis,  Worms. 

HELMIXTHI'ASIS,  from  'tXiiiv;,  '  a  worm.' 
A  generic  name  for  the  condition  which  gives 
occasion  to  the  presence  of  intestinal  worms.  It 
is,  also,  called  Helmin'thia,  Vermina'tio,  Jlorhus 
vermino'aiis,  Stattts  vermino'sus,  Sabur'ra  vermi- 
no'sa,  Scoleci'asis,  Scolece'sis,  Entozoogen'esis, 
Parasitis'mtis  intestina'lia,  Worm  disease,  Inver- 
rnina'tion.     See  Worms. 

HELMINTHIC,  Anthelmintic. 

HELMINTHOCHORTUM,  Corallina  Corsi- 
csna. 

HELMINTHOCOLICA,  Coliea  verminosa. 

HELMIXTHOCORTON,  Corallina  Corsicana. 

HELMINIHOL'OGY,  Helmintholog" ia,  from 
'cX/xtvj,  'a  worm,'  and  \oyos,  ' b,  description.'  A 
treatise  on  worms. 

HELMINTHONCUS,  Malis  — h.  Medinensis, 
Dracunculus. 

HELMINTHOP'YRA,  Eelminthopyr'etos,  Fe- 
hris  vermino'sa,  from  'cA/iin?,  '  a  worm,'  and  Tzvp, 
'a  fever.'  Fever  occasioned  by  worms.  See 
Fever,  verminous. 

HELMIXTHOPYRETOS,  Helminthopyra. 

HELMINTHUS  GORDII,  Seta  equina! 

HELODES,  Elodes. 

HELONIAS  DIOICA,  CbamsBlerium  luteum— 
h.  Lutea,  Chamselerium  luteum — h.  Officinalis,  see 
Veratrina. 

HELOPYRA,  Elodes  (febris.) 

IIELOPYRETUS,  Elodes  (febris.) 

HELOS,  Clavus,  Marsh. 

HELO'SIS,  Helo'tis:  from  'rXu,  'I  turn.' 
ETersion  of  the  eyelids,  and  convulsions  of  the 
nin!<eles  of  the  eves.    Plica  Polonica.    Strabismus. 

HELOTIS,  lielosis,  Plica, 


HELL'S,  Clavus,  Helos. 

IlELXINE,  Parietaria. 

HEMACHROIN,  HiBmatin. 

HEM  AD  YNAMETBE,  Ha;madynamoiiictcr. 

HE3IAPEBIT0NIURHA GIE,  HcemaperHo- 
nirrhag"ia ;  from 'ai/<a,  'blood,' ^erjfoji(SM7)),  and 
priyvv/ii,  '  I  break  forth.'  Hemorrhage  into  the 
peritoneum. 

HEJfAPBOOTIE,  Ha;morrhois. 

HE  If  AST  A  TIQ  UES,  Haematostatica, 

HEMATIDROSE,  Sudor  cruentus. 

HEMATIN,  Hsematin. 

HEMATO-ENCEFHALIE,  Apoplexy. 

HEMATOID,  Hsematodes. 

HEMATOLOGIE,  Hfematology. 

HEMATOLOGY,  Hajmatology. 

HEM  ATOMY ELIE,  Himorrhagie  de  la  Jfo- 
elle   Epiniere. 

HEM  A  TONCIE,  Hasmatoncus,  see  Hsemato- 
des fungus — h.  Fongo'ide,  Hajmatodes  fungus. 

HEMATOPISIE,  Ha3matops. 

HE3IAT0RRHACHIS,  Apoplexia myelitica. 

HEMATOSIN,  Hamatin. 

HEMERA,  'ri/itpa,  '  a  day.'     Hies.     Hence  : 

HEMERALOPIA,  see  Nyctalopia. 

Hemeralo'pia,  from  'ruinpa,  '  the  day,'  and 
OTTTOjiai,  '  I  see.'  Hcemeralops,  Dyso'pia  tenebra'- 
rum,  Cali'go  tenebra'rum,  Parop'sis  Noetif'vga, 
Visus  diur'nus,  Nyctalo'pia,  {of  some,)  NyctoUi- 
phlo'sis,  Amblyo'pia  crcpuscida'ris,  CcBcitas  cres- 
pjuseulaJ vis  seu  noctur'na,  A'cies  diur'nn.  Hay- 
sight,  Hay-vision,  Hen  blindness,  Night  blindiiesf, 
(F.)  Vue  diurne,  Aveuglement  de  Nuit.  A  dis- 
ease, in  which  the  eyes  enjoy  the  faculty  of  see- 
ing, whilst  the  sun  is  above  the  horizon,  but  are 
incapable  of  seeing  by  the  aid  of  artificial  light. 
Its  causes  are  not  evident.  The  eye,  when  care- 
fully examined,  presents  no  alteration,  either  in 
its  membranes  or  humours. 

HEM'ERALOPS,  Horea.  One  labouring  under 
hemeralopia.     Also,  Hemeralopia. 

HEMERATYPHLOSIS,  Nyctalopia. 

HEMERODROMA,  (febris)  Ephemera. 

HEMEROPATHI'A  ;  from  'vntpa, '  a  day,'  and 
770605,  'an  aS'ection.'  A  disease,  which  continues 
only  a  day;  or,  which  is  only  observed  during 
the  day. 

HEMI,  'rijxi,  'rjuKTvs,  'half,'  'semi.'    Hence; 

HEMIAMAUROSIS,  Hemiopia. 

HEMIANDRUS,  Eunuch. 

HEMIANOR,  Eunuch. 

HEMIANTHROPIA,  Mania. 

HEMIANTHROPUS,  Eunuch,  Maniac. 

HEMIAZYGA,  (Vena)  see  Azygos  vein. 

HEMICEPHALlSlA.  Hemicrania. 

HEMICEPHAL^UM.  Sinciput. 

HEMICEPHALIUM,  Sinciput. 

HEMICEPHALUM,  Sinciput. 

HExAIICEPH'ALUS,  Semiceph'alus,  from  V. 
'half,'  and  KcpaM,  'head.'  One  who  has  half  8 
head. 

HEMICRA'NIA,  HemicephaWa,  Migra'na, 
Grana,  Hcmipa'gia,  Hemipe'gia,  Heteroera'nia, 
Monopa'gia,  Monope'gia,  Ccphala'a  Hcmicra'nia, 
Hemipathi'a,  Megrim,  from  'rifiKrvs,  'half,'  and 
<cpai'ioi',  'cranium.'  (F.)  Migraine.  Pain,  con- 
fined to  one  half  the  head.  It  is  almost  always 
of  an  intermittent  character; — at  times,  continu- 
ing only  as  long  as  the  sun  is  above  the  horizon  ; 
and  hence  sometimes  called  Sun-jjain,  —  and  ia 
cured  by  cinchona,  arsenic,  and  the  remedies 
adapted  for  interniittents. 

Hf.michaxia  Inioi'ATHicA.  Neur.algia,  facial. 

HEMLDES'MUS  IN'DICUS,  Periplo'oa  /»'- 


HEMIDESMUS 


435 


HEPAR 


d^ca,  Ascle'pias  Pseudosar'sa,  SarsaparWla  In'- 
dica,  Nannuri,  Indian  Sarsaparilla.  A  Hindoos- 
fcmee  plant,  the  root  of  which  has  a  peculiar 
aromatic  odour,  and  a  bitterish  taste.  It  is  used 
in  India  as  a  substitute  for  sarsaparilla. 

HEMIDIAPHORE'SrS,  Transpira'tlo  Uni- 
lat'era;  from  'rifn,  'half,'  and  iia<poptjaig,  'perspi- 
ration.'    Perspiration  of  one  half  the  body. 

HEMIEC'TON,  Hemiec'teon,  Semisex'tum.  A 
vessel  capable  of  containing  36  chopines  or  pints, 
and  in  which  fumigations  were  made  in  diseases 
of  the  uterus  and  vagina. — Hippocrates. 

HEMIM'ELES,  from  'jj^io-u?,  'one  half,'  and 
lie\o%,  '  a  limb.'  A  genus  of  monsters,  in  which 
the  upper  or  lower  extremities  are  very  defective 
—  mere  stumps, — and  the  fingers  and  toes  are  en- 
tirely wanting  or  very  imperfect. — G.  St.  Hilaire. 

HEMIMCE'RION,  from  'riiitav;,  and  /uotpa,  'a 
part.'  'One  half.' — Foesius.  Also,  half  a  drachm. 
— Erotian. 

HEM'INA.  A  Greek  measure,  answering  to 
the  Cotyle,  KOTvXri,  i.  e.  one  half  the  sextarius,  or 
about  half  a  pint,  English. 

HEMIOBOL'ION,  HemioVolon.  Half  the  obo- 
lixs.     A  weight  of  about  five  grains. — Gorraeus. 

HEMIO'LION.  A  weight  of  12  drachms,  or 
oz.  li. — Galen.     See  Sescuncia. 

HEMIO'PIA,  Hemiop' sis,  Hemiopi' asis,  Snf- 
fu'sio  dimid'ians,  Visits  dimidia'tus,  Marmor'yge 
JJippoc'ratis,  Hemiamauro' sis,  Amauro'sis  dimi- 
dia'ta,  from  'rifiiav^,  'one  half,'  and  o-rofiai,  'I  see.' 
Depraved  vision,  in  which  the  person  sees  only 
one  half  of  an  object. 

HEMIOPIASIS,  Hemiopia. 

HEMIOPSIS,  Hemiopia. 

HEMIPA'GES,  Dicor'yphus  dihypogas'triiis, 
Oc'topus  synnpheoceph'alus,  ivom.  'viii,  'half,'  and 
vriyvvfjii,  '  I  fasten.'  A  monstrosity,  in  which 
twins  are  united  from  the  navel  to  the  vertex. — 
I.  G.  Saint  Hilaire. 

HEMIPAGIA,  Hemierania. 

HEMIPATHIA,  Hemierania. 

HEMIPEGIA,  Hemierania. 

HEMIPHO'NIA,  from  't,^,i,  'half/  and  ^uivv, 
'voice.'     Great  weakness  of  voice. 

HEMIPLE'GIA,  Hemiplex'ia,  Paral'ysis  He- 
viiplegin,  Semip>le' gia,  Semi-sidera'tio,  from  'iifii- 
cvi,  '  one  half,'  and  7rX)?a(ru),  or  7rXj;rra},  '  I  strike.' 
Paralysis  of  one  side  of  the  body.  See  Paralysis. 
One  so  palsied  is  said  to  be  hemipley"ia,  semi- 
sidera'tns. 

Hemiplegia  Facialis,  Paralysis,  Bell's. 

HEMIPLEXIA,  Hemiplegia. 

HEMIPROSOPLEGIA,  Paralysis,  Bell's. 

HEMISPH^RiB  CEREBRI,  Hemispheres  of 
the  brain. 

HEM'ISPHERE,  JTemisphfB'ra,  Hemispho'.'ri- 
um,  from  'vynaxii,  'one  half,'  and  a^aifa,  'a  sphere.' 
One  half  of  a  sphere  or  of  a  body  having  a  sphe- 
roidal shape. 

Hemispheres  op  the  Brain,  Hemisphrn'ra; 
eer'ehri,  Hemispher'ical  gan'glia,  are  the  upper 
spheroidal  portions  of  the  brain,  separated  from 
each  other  by  the  falx  cerebri. 

HEMISPHERICAL  GANGLIA,  Hemispheres 
of  the  brain. 

HEMfTE,  Hjemitis. 

HEMITRIT^'A,  (FEBRIS,)  F.  Semi-terti- 
a'na,  Fehris  sesquial'tera,  (F. )  Semi-tierce,  Fieore 
demitierce.  A  semi-tertian  fever,  so  called  be- 
cause it  seems  to  possess  both  the  characters  of 
the  tertian  and  quotidian  intermittent.  —  Galen, 
Spigelius. 

HEMIUNCIA,  Hemiuncion. 

HEMIUN'CION,  Hemiun'cia,  Semun'cia,  Se- 
miun'cia.     Half  an  ounce. 


HEMLOCK,  Conium  maculatum  —  h.  Ameri- 
can, Cicuta  maculata — h.  Bastard,  Cha;rophylIum 
sylvestre — h.  Common,  Conium  maculatum — h. 
Dropwort,  (Enanthe  —  h.  Gum,  see  Pinus  Cana- 
densis—  h.  Pitch,  see  Pinus  Canadensis-  h. 
Spruce,  Pinus  Canadensis  —  h.  Water,  American 
Cicuta  maculata — h.  Water,  fine-leaved,  Phellan- 
drium  aquaticum — h.  Water,  Cicuta  aquatica — h. 
Wild,  Cicuta  maculata. 

HEMOOARDIOPLASTIES,  see  Polypus. 

HEMODIA,  Haemodia. 

HEMO-ENCEPHAL  ORRHA  ff/^,  Apoplexy. 

HEMOHEPA  TORRHA  GIE,  Hepatorrhagia, 

HEMOMETRE,  Hjemadynamometer. 

HE  MOM  YEL  ORRHA  GIE,  Apoplexy,  spinah 

HEMOPTYSIE,  Heemoptysis  —  A.  Foudroy. 
ante,  see  Haemoptysis. 

HEMORRHAGE,  Hcemorrhagia— h.  Acciden- 
tal, see  Hsemorrhagia — h.  Active,  see  Hsemorrha- 
gia — h.  from  the  Bladder,  Cystirrhagia — h.  Con- 
stitutional, see  Hsemorrhagia  —  h.  Critical,  see 
Hsemorrhagia — h.  by  Exhalation,  see  Hajmorrha- 
gia — h.  External,  see  H^morrhagia — h.  General, 
see  Ha3morrhagia  —  h.  from  the  Intestines,  Me- 
Ijsna — h.  Internal,  see  Htemorrhagia — h.  Inter- 
stitial, Apoplexy — h.  Local,  see  Hfemorrhagia — ■ 
h.  of  the  Mucous  Membranes,  see  Hasmorrhagia 
— h.  Passive,  see  Hsemorrhagia — h.  from  the  Pi- 
tuitary Membrane,  Epistaxis — h.  Pleural,  Haema- 
tothorax — h.  from  the  Skin,  Sudor  cruentus — h. 
Spinal,  Apoplexy,  spinal  —  h.  Spontaneous,  sea 
Hasmorrhagia  —  h.  Supplementary,  see  Hsemor- 
rhagia— h.  Symptomatic,  see  Hsemorrhagia — h.  of 
the  Tissues,  see  Hasmorrhagia — h.  Traumatic,  see 
Hasmorrhagia — h.  Uterine,  Metrorrhagia. 

HEMORRHAGIC  PLEURISY,  Hffimatotho- 
rax. 

HEMORRHAGIE  BUOCALE,  Stomatorrha- 
gia — h.  Cerebrale,  Apoplexy — h.  du  Foie,  Hepa- 
torrhagia—  }i.  Interstitielle,  Apoplexy — h.  Inter- 
stitielle  du  Poiimon,  Hemoptysis  —  h.  des  Intes~ 
tins,  Hffimatochezia  —  h.  de  la  Matrice,  Metror- 
rhagia—  h.  Meningee,  Apoplexy,  meningeal — h. 
de  la  jifoelle  epiniere,  Apoplexia  myelitica  —  h. 
Nasale,  Epistaxis — h.  de  la  Vessie,  Cystirrhagia. 

HEMORRHAGIP'AROUS,  (F.)  Hemorrhagi- 
pare,  from  hcemorrhagia,  'hemorrhage,'  and  pa- 
rire,  'to  bring  forth.'  That  which  gives  occasion 
to  hemorrhage :  thus,  softening  of  the  neurine 
may  be  hemovrhagiparoits. 

HEMORRHINIE,  Epistaxis. 

HEMORRHOID  AIRE,  (F.)  One  who  is  sub- 
ject to  hemorrhoids. 

HEMORRHOIDES,  Hsemorrhois  — A.  ^re«- 
gles,  CaBcas  haemorrhoides.     See  Hsemorrhois, 

HEMORRHOSOOPIE,  Hsematoseopia. 

HEMOSPASIE,  Hsemospasia. 

HEMOSPASIQ  UE,  Hamospastic. 

HEMOSTASIE,  Haemostasia. 

HE  MOST  A  TIQ  UES,  Hsematostatica. 

HEMP,  INDIAN,  Apocynum  cannabinunii 
Bangue — h.  Wild,  Ambrosia  trifida. 

HEMPSEED,  see  Cannabis  sativa. 

HENBANE,  Ilyoscyamus. 

HENBIT,  Lamiuni  amplexicaule. 

HEN-BLINDNESS,  Hemeralopia. 

HENNE,  Lawsonia  inermis. 

HENRICEA  PHARMACEARCHA,  Gentiana 
chirayita. 

HENRICUS  RUBENS,  Coleothar. 

HEPAR,  'j/Tap,  'genitive,'  'rjirarog,  'liver.'  A 
name  for  substances  resembling  liver  in  appear- 
ance. The  ancient  name  for  the  liver  of  stdphtir, 
Hepar  sid'phnris ;  which  is  sometimes  a  com- 
pound of  sulphur  and  potassium ;  at  others,  of 
sulphur  and  potassa.     See  Potassaj  sulphuretum. 


HEPATALGIA 


436 


HEPATITIS 


Hepab  Adulterixith,  Spleen. 

Hepar  ANTniojTiA'TUM  is  a  compound  of  a 
lulphuret  of  antimony  and  an  alkali.  See  Oxj^- 
dam  stibii  sulphuretum. 

Hepar  Martia'le.  A  compound  of  sulphuret 
of  potass  and  an  oxide  of  iron. 

Hepar  Saxguijtis,  see  Blood  —  h.  Sinistrum, 
Spleen  —  h.  Sulphuris  salinum,  Potassae  sulphu- 
retum— h.  Sulphuris  volatile,  Ammonia  sulphu- 
retum— h.  Uterinum,  Placenta. 

HEPATAL'GIA,  Ilepatodyn'ia,  Neural'gia 
lie'jjatis,  Cul'-ica  liepat'ica,  from  'nirap,  'liver,' 
and  aXyof, 'pain.'  Pain  in  the  liver.  Neuralgia 
of  the  liver,  (F.)  Nevralgie  du  Foie. 

Hepatalgia  CALcrLOSA,  Colica  hepatiea — h. 
Petitiana,  Turgescentia  vesiculce  felleee  —  h. 
Phlegmonoides,  Hepatitis. 

HEPATAPOSTE'MA,  from  'v-jzap,  'the  liver,' 
and  mrouTriixa,  '  an  abscess.'    Abscess  of  the  liver. 

HEPATARIUS,  Hepaticus. 

HEPATATROPH'IA,  Atroph'ia  sen  Aridji'ra 
hc'paiis,  from  'rj-ap,  'the  liver,'  and  atrophia, 
'  atrophy.'  Atrophy  of  the  liver : — a  general  con- 
comitant of  Cirrho'sis  lie'patls. 

HEPATAUXE,  Rifperiropih'ia  Jie'patis,  (P.) 
Ilyperlie' patntropjlne,  Hiipertrophie  du  foie.  Hy- 
pertrophy of  the  liver. 

HEPATECHE'MA,  Son'itns  hepat'icus,  from 
'ri-ap,  'liver,'  a.nA. 'ri-)(^riiia,  'sound.'  Sound  ren- 
dered by  the  liver  on  percussion. 

HEPATEMPHRAX'IS,  from  'v-np,  'liver,' 
and  tfiApaaaui,  'I  obstruct.'  Emphvix' is  Jiejjaiis, 
Hepatic  obstruction. — Ploucquet. 

HEPATENCEPHALO'MA,  IlepnfomyeJo'ma, 
Fungus  he'patis  medvlla'ris,  from  'rj-n-ap,  '  liver,' 
and  f/Ktcpako;,  '  encephalon.'  Eneephaloid  of  the 
liver. 

HEPATE'PuITS,  Hepat'icus,  Jecora'riiis.  A 
variety  of  diarrhoea,  Fluxu^  Jiepaticus. — Gorrasus. 

nEPATH^MORRHAG"IA,  Hcemon-ha(i"ia 
Tiepat'ica,  Hepatorrhag"ia,  Apoplix' ia  liepat'ica, 
(F. )  HemorrJiagie  du  foie,  Iletnohepatorrhagie, 
from  'ri-nap,  'liver,'  and  'ai/joppayia,  'hemori'hage.' 
Hemorrhage  from  the  liver. 

HEPAT'IC,  Hepat'icus,  Hepata'rius,  Hepate'- 
ruSf  Hepato'ides,  Hepato'des,  Jecora'rius,  from 
'riTzap,  'the  liver.'  Belonging  or  relating  to  or 
resembling  liver. 

Hepatic  Ar'tery,  Arfe'ria  Hepat'ica.  One  of 
the  three  branches  given  off  by  the  coeliac.  It 
passes  towards  the  inferior  surface  of  the  liver ; 
"where  it  divides  into  two  branches,  a  right  and 
a  left,  which  proceed  towards  the  corresponding 
parts  of  that  organ.  The  right  branch  gives  off 
the  cystic  artery.  Before  dividing,  the  hepatic 
artery  sends  off  two  considerable  branches,  the 
A.  pylorica  and  Gasiro-epiipiloico,  dextra. 

Hepatic  Duct,  Ductus  hepnt'icns,  (F.)  Canal 
hepatique,  is  about  three  fingers'  breadth  in 
length,  and  of  the  size  of  a  quill.  It  is  formed 
by  the  union  of  the  biliary  ducts,  and  joins  the 
cystic  duct  at  a  very  acute  angle,  to  form  the 
ductus  eholedochus.  Its  function  is  to  convey 
the  bile  from  the  liver  towards  the  duodenum. 

Hepatic  Plexus,  Plexus  hepat'icus,  consists 
of  nervous  filaments,  sent  by  the  cosliac  plexus 
to  the  liver,  which  accompany  the  hepatic  artery. 

Hepatic  Veins,  Supra-hepatic  Veins,  Vence 
cava  hepat'ica,  (F.)  Veines  sus-hepatiqnes,  Intra- 
Inh'vlar  veins,  do  not  follow  the  course  of  the 
arteries  of  the  same  name.  They  arise  in  the 
substance  of  the  liver ;  converge  towards  the 
posterior  margin  of  that  viscus,  and  open  into 
the  vena  cava  inferior.  They  convey  away  the 
blood  carried  to  the  liver  by  the  hepatic  artery 
and  rena  porta. 


HEPAT'ICA.  Medicines  believed  to  be  ca- 
pable of  affecting  the  liver. 

Hepatica,  H.  triloba  —  h.  Americana,  H.  tri- 
loba—  h.  Fontana,  Marchantia  polj-morpha — h. 
Nobilis,  H.  triloba — h.  Stellata,  Asperuli^  odorata. 

Hepatica  Tril'oba,  //.  America'na,  Anemo'ne 
hepat'ica  seu  noh'ilis,  Herba  trinita'tis,  Hepat'ica, 
Hepat'icus  flos,  Trifo'lium  hepat'icum,  Trifo'lium 
au'reum,  Liverxcort,  Liverweed,  Trefoil,  Nol/le 
Liverwort,  Herh  Trin'ity,  (F.)  Hepatiqne  dee 
jardins.  This  pilant — Hcjiat'ica  (Ph.  U.  S.) — is 
a  gentle  astringent,  but  not  possessed  of  much 
virtue. 

HEPATICULA,  Hepatitis,  chrome. 

HEPATICUS,  Hepateros  — h.  Flos,  Hepatica 
triloba. 

HEPATIFICATIO,  Hepatization. 

HEPATIQUE  ETOILEE,  Asperula  odorata 
— 7?.  des  Fontaines,  Marchantia  polj'morpha — h. 
des  JardAns,  Hepatica  triloba. 

HEPATIRRHGE'A,  Fluxus  hepat'icus,  Bysen- 
ter'ia  hepat'ica,  Diarrhoe'a  hepat'ica,  Hepator- 
rhce'a,  Hepatocholorrhoe'  a,  Hepatodysenter'ia,  He- 
patorrhag"ia,  Hamate'ra,  Aimate'ra,  (F.)  Flux 
hepatique,  from  'ri~ap,  'the  liver,'  and  pew,  'I 
flow.'  A  species  of  diarrhoea  in  which  the  ex- 
creted matters  seem  to  come  from  the  liver,  or 
are  much  mixed  with  bile. 

HEPATIS  EMUXCTORIA,  Inguen— h.  Sus- 
pensorium,  Ligament,  suspensory,  of  the  liver. 

HEPATISATIO,  Hepatization  —  h.  Pulmo- 
num,  Hepatization  of  the  Lungs. 

HEPATTSATION,  Hepatization  —  L  Grise, 
see  Hepatization — 7;.  Rouge,  see  Hepatization. 

HEPATITES  VEXA,  Cava  vena. 

HEPATI'TIS,  Empres'ma  hep)ati'tis,  Caiima 
hepati'tis,  Inflamma'tio  Jie'patis,  I.  Jecino'ris, 
Fehris  hepat'ica  inflamrnato'ria,  Hepjatal'gia 
phlegmono'i'des,  Morbus  jecino'ris,  Hepiatopthleg'- 
mone,  Inflammation  of  the  liver,  (F.)  Hepatite, 
Inflammation  du  foie.  Piece  (Provincial).  It 
may  be  seated  either  in  the  peritoneal  covering, 
Sero-hepati'tis,  or  in  the  substance  of  the  liver, 
or  in  both,  Puro-hepati'tis,  and  may  be  acute  or 
chronic.  The  peculiar  symptoms  are  : — pain  in 
the  right  hypochondrium,  shooting  to  the  back 
and  right  shoulder,  and  increased  on  pressure ; 
difficulty  of  lying  on  the  left  side;  sometimes 
jaundice  with  cough,  and  synoeha.  Its  termi- 
nation is  generally  by  resolution  :  —  in  tropical 
climates  it  often  runs  on  to  suppuration,  Jec'oris 
vom'ica,  Hepati'tis  apostemato' sa,  the  abscess 
breaking  either  externally,  or  forming  a  commu- 
nication with  the  intestines  or  chest,  or  breaking 
into  the  cavity  of  the  abdomen.  The  causes  are 
those  of  inflammation  in  general.  Heat  predis- 
poses to  it;  hence  its  greater  frequency  in  hot 
climates.  On  dissection  of  those  who  have  died 
of  it,  the  liver  has  been  found  hard  and  enlarged; 
colour  of  a  deep  purple  ;  or  the  membranes  have 
been  more  or  less  vascular;  or  adhesions,  or  tu- 
bercles, or  hydatids,  or  abscesses,  or  biliary  cal- 
culi may  be  met  with.  The  treatment  must  bo 
bold.  Bleeding,  general  and  local,  fomentations, 
blisters,  purgatives,  and  the  antiphlogistic  regi- 
men. In  hot  climates  especially,  a  new  action 
must  be  excited  by  mercury  as  early  as  possible. 

Hepatitis  Apostejiatosa,  see  Hepatitis. 

Hepatitis,  Chronic,  Hepati'tis  chron'ica,  In' 
flamma'tio  he'pntis  lent  a ,  He]]atitis  occul'tn,  He- 
patic'ula,  Sulin flamma'tio  he'pntis,  (F. )  Chrnno- 
hepatite.  Chronic  liver  disease,  is  not  as  common 
as  is  believed.  It  may  be  suspected  from  the 
existence  cf  the  symptoms  above  mentioned, 
when  in  a  minor  degree  ;  enlargement,  constant 
dull  pain  in  the  region  of  the  liver;  sallow  coun- 
tenance;   high-coloured   urine;    clay -coloured 


HEPATIZATION 


m 


HERBA 


fieces,  &e.  The  great  object  of  treatment  is  to 
excite  a  new  action  by  mercury  and  counter- 
irritants,  and  to  keep  the  liver  free  by  cathartics. 

Hepatitis  Cystica,  Cholecystitis — h.  Occulta, 
H.  chronic. 

HEPATIZA'TIOX,  Hepatisa'tio,  Eeimtifica'- 
tio,  from  'ij-ap,  '  the  liver.'  Conversion  into  a 
liver-like  substance.  Applied  to  the  lungs  when 
gorged  with  effused  matters,  so  that  they  are  no 
longer  pervious  to  the  air; — Jlepatisa'tio  puJmo'- 
num,  Garnijica' tio  jjulmo'num.  In  such  state, 
they  are  said  to  be  hepatized. 

Hepatization,  Red,  (F.)  Hepatisalion  rouge, 
Eiidurcissement  roufje,  Ramollissement  rouge,  cha- 
racterizes the  first  stage  of  consolidation  of  the 
lungs  in  pneumonia. 

Hepatization,  Grat,  (F.)  Eepatisation  grtse. 
Induration  grlse,  Ramollissement  gris,  Infiltration 
purulenfe,  characterizes  the  third  stage,  or  stage 
of  purulent  infiltration. 

HEPATIZON,  Chloasma. 

HEPATOC'ACE,  from  'n^ap,  'liver,'  and  KaKu;, 
'evil.'     Gangrene  of  the  liver. 

HEPATOCE'LE,  from  'rjTrap,  'the  liver,' and 
KTiXr],  'a  tumour;'  Her'nia  hepat'ica ;  Hernia  of 
the  liver.  The  liver  has  never  been  found  en- 
tirely out  of  the  abdominal  cavity.  Increase  of 
its  bulk,  or  injuries  of  the  parietes  of  the  abdo- 
men, have  been  the  sole  cause  of  the  protrusions 
which  have  been  occasionally  met  with,  espe- 
cially in  infants,  in  whom  the  upper  part  of  the 
linea  alba  is  very  weak,  and  indeed  scarcely  seems 
to  exist.  Sauvages  has  distinguished  two  species 
of  hepatocele  :  —  the  ventral  (in  the  linea  alba), 
and  the  nmhilical  or  hepaiomjjhalum. 

HEPATOCHOLORRHCEA,  Hepatirrhoea. 

HEPATOCO'LICUM.  A  ligament  of  the  Uver, 
described  by  Haller,  as  passing  from  the  gall- 
bladder and  contiguous  sinus  portarum,  across 
the  duodenum  to  the  colon.  Another,  termed 
Hepato-renal,  descends  from  the  root  of  the  liver 
to  the  kidney.     They  are  both  peritoneal. 

HEPATO'CYS'TIC,  Hepatoeys'ticus,  Cystide- 
pat'icus,  from  'n~ap,  'the  liver,'  and  Kvang,  'blad- 
der.'    Relating  to  the  liver  and  gall-bladder. 

Hepatocystic  Duct,  Ductus  hepatoeyst'icus. 
The  eholedoeh  duet. 

HEPATODYNIA,  Hepatalgia. 

HEPATODYSENTERIA,  Hepatirrhoea. 

HEPATOGASTRIC,  Gastrohepatic. 

HEPATOGASTROCHOLOSIS,  Fever,  bilious, 
Pever,  gastric. 

HEPATOG'RAPHY,  Hepatogra'phia ;_  from 
'tj-naQ,  'the  liver,'  and  ypa<pn,  'a  description.' 
The  part  of  anatomy  which  describes  the  liver. 

HEPATOH^E'MIA,  ffi/perce'mia  he'patis.  He- 
patic Engorgement,  (F.)  Hyperemie  du  Foie,  from 
'zi-ap,  'the  liver,'  and  'ai/ia,  'blood.'  Sanguineous 
congestion  of  the  liver. 

HEPATODES,  Hepatic. 

HEPATOIDES,  Hepatic. 

HEPATOLITHI'ASIS,  from  'v^rap,  'the  liver,' 
and  XiOLaa-ts,  '  formation  of  stone.'  The  formation 
of  concretions,  Hepatol'ithi,  in  the  liver. 

HEPATOL 'OGY,  Hepatolog" ia,  from  'vr.ap, 
'the  liver,'  and  \oya<;,  'a  discourse,'  'treatise.'  A 
treatise  on  the  liver. 

HEPATOxMALA'CIA,  Malaco'sis  he'patis,  (P.) 
Ramollissement  du  Foie.     Softening  of  the  liver. 

HEPATOMYELOMA,  Hepatencephaloma. 

HEPATON'CUS,  from  'n^ap,'  the  liver,' and 
oyKog,  '  a  tumour.'     Tumefaction  of  the  liver. 

HEPATOPAREC'TAMA,  from  'rjwap,  'the 
liver,'  and  vapcKrana,  '  considerable  extension.' 
Excessive  enlargement  of  the  liver. 

HEPATOPATHI'A,  from  'r,i:ap,  'liver,'  and 
■KaQoq,  '  suffering.'  Liver-Disease.  Disease  of  the 
liver. 


HEP  ATOP  ATHIE  CANCEREUSE,  Hepa- 
toscirrbus — /).   Taberculeuse,  Hipatostrumosie, 

HEPATOPHLEGMONE,  Hepatitis. 

HEPATOPHTHI'SIS,  Phthisis  hepat'ica,  hr-^yx 
'jj-ap,  'the  liver,'  and  <pOi<j),  'I  consume.'  Con- 
sumption from  suppuration  of  the  liver. 

HEPATORRHAGIA,  Hepatirrhoea,  Hepathjc- 
morrhagia. 

HEPATORRHEX'IS,  from  'r,nap,  'liver,'  and 
pijfif,  '  rupture.'     Rupture  of  the  liver. 

HEPATORRHGEA,  Hepatirrhoea. 

HE  PA  TOSARCOMIE,  Hepatoseirrhus. 

HEPATOSCIR'RHUS,  from  'r,T:ap,  'liver,' 
and  cKippog,  '  cancerous  induration.'  Scirrhna 
he'patis,  Encephalo'sis  of  the  liver,  Carcinoma  of 
the  liver,  (F.)  Hepatosarcomie,  Hepatojiatltie  can- 
cereuse.  Cancer  da  Foie.  Scirrhus  or  Cancer  of 
the  liver. 

HEPATOSTRmiOSlE,  Tuher'cxila  he'patis, 
(F.)  Tuhercules  du  Foie,  Hepatopathie  tuhercit,- 
leuse ;  from  'Tj-rrap,  'the  liver,'  and  struma,  'a  tu- 
mour,' '  a  scrophulous  tumour.'  Tubercle  of  the 
liver. 

HEPATOT'OMY,  from  'v^ap,  'the  Hver,'  and 
Tciivo),  '  I  cut.'     Dissection  of  the  liver. 

HEPIALOS,  Epialos. 

HEPS,  see  Rosa  canina. 

HEPSEMA,  Decoction. 

HEPSESIS,  Decoction. 

HEPTAL  CYCLE,  see  Cycle. 

HEPTAL'LON  GRAVEOLENS,  Hogwort, 
Bear's  fright.  An  indigenous  plant,  which  has 
a  fetid  porcine  smell ;  and  is  said  to  be  used  by 
the  Indians  as  a  diaphoretic,  cathartic,  &,o. 

HEPTAPHAR'MACUM,  from  'ettto,  'seven,' 
and  (papiiaKov,  'a remedy.'  A  medicine  composed 
of  seven  substances;  cerusse,  litharge,  pitch,  wax, 
colophony,  frankincense,  and  bullock's  fat.  It  was 
regarded  as  laxative,  suppurating  and  healing. 

HEPTAPHYLLUM,  Tormentilla. 

HEPTAPLEURON,  Plantago  major. 

HERACLEUM,  see  H.  lanatum  —  h.  Branca, 
H.  spondylium. 

Heracle'um  Spondyl'ium,  H.  Bran'ca,  Branca^ 
ursi'na,  B.  German'ica,  Spondyl'ium,  Spliondyl'-- 
ium.  Cow  Parsnep,  All-heal,  (F.)  Berce,  Branc- 
vrsine  hdtarde,  Fausse  Acanthe.  Family,  Um- 
bellifera;.  Sex.  Syst.  Pentandria  Digynia.  The 
root  of  this  plant  has  a  strong,  rank  smell ;  and 
a  pungent,  almost  caustic  taste.  It  has  been 
given  as  a  tonic,  stomachic  and  carminative; 
both  in  powder  and  in  decoction.  The  Russians, 
Lithuanians,  and  Poles  obtain  from  its  seeds  and 
leaves,  by  fermentation,  a  very  intoxicating  spi- 
rituous liquor,  which  they  call  Parst. 

The  root  of  Heracle' um  Lana'tum,  Mastcricort, 
Cow  parsnep, — Heracle'um  (Ph.  U.  S.) — is  in  the 
secondary  list  of  the  Pharmacopoeia  of  the  United 
States. 

HERACLEUS  MORBUS,  Epilepsy. 

HERB,  Herba,  Bot'ane.  Any  ligneous  plant 
which  loses  its  stalk  during  the  winter. 

Herb  Christopher,  Actsea  spicata. 

Herb-Doctor,  Botan'ical  Doctor,  Botan'ical 
p)hysic"ian.  One  who  treats  diseases  altogether 
by  herbs  ;  as  the — so  called — "  Thompsonians." 

Herb  of  Grace,  Gratiola  ofiicinalis — h.  Mas- 
tich,  common.  Thymus  mastichina — h.  Mastich, 
Syrian,  Teucrium  marum — h.  Robert,  Geranium 
Robertianum  —  h.  of  Saint  Cunegonde,  Eupato- 
rium  cannabinum — h.  Sophia,  Sisymbrium  sophia 
— h.  Trinity,  Hepatica  triloba. 

HERBA,  Herb  —  h.  Alexandrina,  Smyrnium 
olusatrum — h.  AlthseEe,  Pelargonium  cucullatum 

—  h.  Anthos,  Rosmarinus  —  h.  Benedicta,  Geum 
urbanum — h.  Britannica,  Rumex  hydrolapathum 

—  h.  Canni,  Artemisia  santonica  —  h.  Cardiaca, 
Leonurus  cardiaca  —  h.  Cardui  veneris,  Dipsacus 


HERB^ 


438 


HERNIA 


fullornm — b.  Dorea,  Solidago  virganrea — h.  Fe- 
lis,  Nepeta — h.  Genipi,  Achillea  atrata — h.  Ignis, 
Lichen  pyxidatus  —  h.  Melanoholifuga,  Fumaria 
— h.  Militaris,  Achillea  millefolium  —  h.  Papilla- 
ris, Lapsana  —  h.  Paralyseos,  Primula  veris  —  h. 
Paralytica,  Primula  veris — h.  Patse  lapiriEe,  Leo- 
nurus  cardiaca  —  h,  Pulicaris,  Plantago  psyllium 

—  h.  Qaercini,  Lichen  plicatus  —  h.  Sacra,  Ver- 
bena oiScinalis  —  h.  Salivaris,  Anthemis  pyre- 
thrum —  h.  Sideritidis,  Galeopsis  grandiflora — h. 
Tabaci,  Nicotiana  tabacum  —  h.  Trinitatis,  Ane- 
mone hepatica,  Viola  tricolor  —  h.  Veneris,  Adi- 
antum  pedatum  — h.  Ventis,  Anemone  Pulsatilla 

—  h.  Vitri,  see  Salsola  kali — h.  Zazarhendi,  Ori- 
ganum. 

HERBJi;  PRO  ENEMATE,  Glyster  herbs  — 
h.  pro  fotu,  Fomentation  herbs. 

HERBALIST,  Herborist. 

HERBA'RIUM,  from  herba,  a  plant.  A  col- 
lection of  plants.  Generally  applied  to  a  collec- 
tion of  dried  plants  —  Hortua  siccus.  In  Phar- 
macy, a  plant  that  is  used  entire. 

HERBARIUS,  Herborist. 

EERBE,  Herb — h.  au  Cancer,  Plumbago  Eu- 
rop^a  —  }i.  aux  Chantres,  Erysimum  —  h.  aux 
Gharpentiers,  Justitia  pectoralis  —  h.  mix  Chats, 
Nepeta,  Teucrium  marum  —  h.  au  Coq,  Tanace- 
tum  balsamita  —  h.  au  Cuillers,  Cochlearia  offici- 
nalis —  h.  aux  Eerouelles,  Scrophularia  nodosa — 
h.  aux  Hcus,  Lysimachia  nummularia — h.  d  Etcr- 
nuer,  Achillea  ptarmica — h.  aux  Gueux,  Clematis 
vitalba — h.  d  la  Houette,  Asclepias  Syriaca  —  h. 
d'lvrogne,  Lolium  temulentum — h.  aux  llameUes, 
Lapsana  —  h.  aux  Mouches,  Conyza  squarrosa  — 
k.  au  Pauvre  homme,  Gratiola  officinalis  —  h.  aux 
Perles,  Lithospermura  officinale  —  h.  d  Pisser, 
Pyrola  umbellata  —  h.  d  la  Poudre  de  Cliypre, 
Hibiscus  abelmoschus — h.  aux  Poux,  Delphinium 
staphisagria  —  h.  aux  Puces  commune,  Plantago 
psyllium  —  h.  d  Robert,  Geranium  Robertianum 

—  h.  de  Sainte  Barbe,  Erysimum  barbarea  —  h. 
Sainte  Christophe,  Actsea  spicata  —  h.  de  Saint 
JEtienne,  Circsea  lutetiana — h.  de  Saint  Jean,  Ar- 
temisia vulgaris — h.  de  Saint  Roch,  Inula  dysen- 
terica — h.  aux  Sorciers,  Circsea  lutetiana — h.  aux 
Vermes,  Heliotropium  Europaeum.  . 

HERBIVOROUS,  Herhiu'orus,  from  herba, 
'  grass,'  and  voro,  '  I  eat.'  An  epithet  applied  to 
animals  which  feed  on  herbs. 

HER'BORIST,  Herba' ring.  One  who  deals  in 
useful  plants.     An  Herb'alist  or  Herb' arist. 

HERBORIZA'TION,  Herba'rum  inquisif'io. 
An  excursion,  made  with  the  view  of  collecting 
plants.  Such  excursions  are  directed  by  the 
Apothecaries'  Company  of  London,  for  the  use 
of  their  apprentices,  &c. 

HERBS,  FIVE  CAP'ILLART,  Quinque  herba 
capilla'res,  were,  anciently,  hart's  tongue ;  black, 
white,  and  golden  maiden-hair,  and  spleenwort. 

Herbs,  Five  Emol'lient,  Quinque  herba  emol- 
lien'tes,  were,  anciently,  beet,  mallow,  marsh- 
mallow,  French  mercury,  and  violet. 

HERCULES  ALLHEAL,  Pastinaca  opoponax. 

HERCULEUS  MORBUS,  Epilepsy. 

HEREDITAIRE,  Hereditary. 

HERED'ITARY,  Haredita'rius,  Heredita'- 
rius,  Gentilit"ius,  Sym'phytos,  Syn'genes,  (F.) 
Hereditaire,  from  hares,  'an  heir.'  An  epithet 
given  to  diseases,  communicated  from  progeni- 
tors. Such  diseases  may  exist  at  birth  ;  or  they 
U.ay  supervene  at  a  more  or  less  advanced  period 
of  existence.  Hereditary  diseases,  Morbi  heredi- 
la'rii,  (F.)  Ifaladi^s  hereditaires,  often  prevail 
umongst  several  members  of  a  family,  or  are 
family  diseases  or  complaints. 

HERMAPHRODE'ITY,  Hermaphrodis'ia, 
Hermaph.toditis'mus,  Hermajthrodis'mus,  Fab'rica 


androg"yna,  Androgyn'ia,  Gynan' dria,  Hermaph'- 
rodism ;  from  ^'E.^jir]^,  'Mercury,'  and  A0<)octr»j, 
'Venus.'  Appertaining  to  Mercury  and  Venus, 
Union  of  the  two  sexes  in  the  same  individual. 

HERMAPHRODISIA,  Hermapbrodeity. 

HERMAPH'RODITE.  Same  ctyuion.  Her. 
maphrodi'tns,  Gynida,  Androg"ynns.  One  who 
possesses  the  attributes  of  male  and  female  :  who 
unites  in  himself  the  two  sexes.  A  term,  applied 
to  an  animal  or  plant  which  is,  at  the  same  time, 
both  male  and  female.  True  hermaphrodites  are 
only  met  with  in  the  lower  degrees  of  the  animal 
scale,  amongst  the  zoophytes,  mollusca,  or  gaste- 
ropoda. The  individuals  of  the  human  species, 
regarded  as  hermaphrodites,  owe  this  appearance 
to  a  vicious  conformation  of  the  genital  organs ; 
a  kind  of  monstrosity,  which  renders  them  unfit 
for  generation,  although  an  attentive  examination 
may  exhibit  the  true  sex.  Hermaphrodites  have, 
likewise,  been  described,  which,  instead  of  uniting 
the  attributes  of  both  sexes,  cannot  be  considered  i 
male  or  female.  These  have  been  called  neutral 
hermaphrodites. 

HERMAPHRODITISMUS,  Hermapbrodeity. 

HERMAPHRODITUS,  Hermaphrodite. 

HERMET'ICA  DOCTRI'NA,  Hermetica  ars, 
(F.)  Hermetique.  The  doctrine  of  Hermes,  a 
celebrated  Egyptian  philosopher,  who  is  con- 
sidered the  father  of  alchemy.  That  part  of 
chymistry,  whose  object  was  the  pretended  trans- 
mutation of  the  metals. 

HERMODAC'TYLUS,  Dactyle'tus,  An'ima  ar- 
ticulo'rum,  from  ''Epurjs,  '  Mercury,'  and  &aKTv\o5, 
'  a  finger ;'  or  rather  from  Hernms,  a  river  in 
Asia,  upon  whose  banks  it  grows,  and  Soktv'Xos) 
'a  date;'  or  from  'Ep/trjs,  'Mercury,' and  SaKTv'Xo;, 
'a,  date;'  (F.)  Hermodaetyle,  Hermodacte  ou  Her- 
modate.  The  root  of  the  Hermodactyl  was  for- 
merly used  as  a  cathartic.  By  some,  it  is  sup- 
posed to  be  identical  with  the  Iris  tubero'sa. 
The  best  testimony  seems  to  be  in  favour  of  its 
being  a  variety  of  the  colchicum, —  Col'ehieum 
Illyr'icum. 

HER3I0DATE,  Hermodactylus. 

HERMOPH'ILUS,  from  'Ep/ii??,  'Mercury,' 
and  0iAoj,  '  a  lover.'  One  who  is  fond  of  mercury 
as  a  medicine. 

HER'NIA,  Ramex,  Ruptu'ra,  R.  hernio'sa, 
Crepatu'ra,  Ecto])'ia  hernio'sa,  Cele,  Rupture, 
Burst,  (F.)  Hargne,  Bescente,  Effort,  Greveure, 
Rompeure.  Any  tumour,  formed  by  the  displace- 
ment of  a  viscus  or  a  portion  of  a  viscus,  which 
has  escaped  from  its  natural  cavity  by  some  aper- 
ture and  projects  externally.  Herniae  have  been 
divided  into, — 1.  Hernia  of  the  Brain;  Encepha- 
locele;  2.  Hernia  of  the  Thorax;  Pneumocele; 
3.  Hernia  of  the  Abdomen. 

Abdom'inal  Hernia  are  remarkable  for  their 
frequency,  variety,  and  the  danger  attending 
them.  They  are  produced  by  the  protrusion  of 
the  viscera,  contained  in  the  abdomen,  through 
the  natural  or  accidental  apertures  in  the  parietes 
of  that  cavity.  The  organs,  which  form  them 
most  frequently,  are  the  intestines  and  the  epi- 
ploon. These  herniae  have  been  divided,  accord- 
ing to  the  apertures  by  which  they  escape,  into : 

1.  Inguinal  or  Supra-Pu'bian  Hernia.  These 
issue  by  the  inguinal  canal :  they  are  called  -Bm- 
bonoce'le,  when  small ;  and  Scrotal  Hernia  or 
Oscheoce'le,  in  man,  when  they  descend  into  the 
scrotum;  —  Vulvar  Hernia  ot  Puden'dal  or  La'- 
bial  Hernia,  Ejiisioee'le,  in  women,  when  they 
extend  to  the  labia  mnjora.  2.  Crural  or  Fcm'- 
oral  Hernia,  Me'roce'le,  when  they  issue  by  the 
crural  canal.  3.  In/ra-Pu'bian  Hernia,  (F.)  Her- 
nie  sous -pub  ienne,  Oodeoce'le,  Iler'nia  foram'inis 
ova'lis,  when  the  viscera  escape  through  the 
opening,  which  gives  passage  to  the  infra-pubiaa 


HERNIA 


439 


HEROIC 


vessels.  4.  Tscht'at'ic  Hernia;  ■vvTien  it  talcos  place 
tbrough  the  sacro-sciatic  notch.  5.  Umhil'ical 
Hernia,  Exoin'phalos,  Omphaloce'le  ;  'when  it  oc- 
curs at  the  umbilicus  or  near  it.  6.  Epijas'tric 
Hernia; — occurring  through  the  linea  alba,  above 
the  umbilicus.  7.  Hypogas'tric  or  Infra-umhil' - 
ical  Hernia,  Ccelioce'le,  Hypogastroce'le,  —  when 
it  occurs  through  the  linea  alba  below  the  umbi- 
licus. 8.  Perinea' al  Hernia,  Mesoscelocele,  Her'- 
nia  perinm'i,  Perinceoce'le,  Perineoce'le — when  it 
takes  place  through  the  levator  ani,  and  appears 
at  the  perineum.  9.  Vag"inal  Hernia,  Coleoce'le 
seu  Ehjtrocele  —  through  the  parietes  of  the  va- 
gina. 10.  Diaphrag'inat'ic  Hernia,  Diapihrug- 
matoce'le ;  when  it  passes  through  the  diaphragm. 

Hernias  are  likewise  distinguished, — according 
to  the  viscera  forming  them,- — into  Enteroce'le, 
Epiploce'le,  En'tero-epiploce'le,  Gastroce'le,  Ci/s- 
toce'le,  Hepatoce'le,  Splenoce'le,  &c. 

AYhen  a  hernia  can  be  restored  to  its  natural 
cavity,  by  the  aid  of  pressure,  &c.,  properly  ap- 
plied, it  is  said  to  be  reducible.  It  is,  on  the  con- 
trary, irreducihle,  when  adhesion,  bulk,  &e.,  op- 
pose its  return.  When  the  aperture,  which  has 
given  passage  to  the  hernia,  occasions  more  or 
less  constriction  on  the  protruded  portion,  the 
hernia  is  said  to  he  incarcerated  or  utrangidaled: 
and,  if  the  constriction  be  not  removed,  consti- 
pation, hiccough,  vomiting,  and  all  the  signs  of 
violent  inflammation,  followed  by  gangrene,  su- 
pervene, with  alteration  of  the  features,  small 
pulse,  cold  extremities,  and  death. 

The  therapeutical  indications  are,  —  1.  As  re- 
gards reducihle  hefnia: —  to  replace  the  viscera 
in  the  abdomen  by  the  taxis;  and  to  retain  them 
there  by  the  use  of  a  triiss,  which,  if  properly 
adapted,  may  effect  a  radical  cure.  2.  As  regards 
irreducihle  hernia:  —  to  support  the  tumour  by 
an  appropriate  suspensory  bandage.  3.  As  re- 
gards strangulated  hernia:  —  to  have  recourse  to 
the  taxis ;  blood-letting ;  warm  bath  ;  tobacco 
glysters  ;  ice  to  the  tumour  ;  and,  if  these  should 
not  succeed,  to  perform  an  operation,  which  con- 
sists in  dividing  the  covering  of  the  hernia,  and 
cutting  the  aponeurotic  ring,  which  causes  the 
strangulation;  —  reducing  the  displaced  viscera, 
unless  their  diseased  condition  should  require 
them  to  be  retained  without; — dressing  the  wound 
appropriately  ; — restoring  the  course  of  the  fa3ces 
by  means  of  gentle  glysters  ; — preventing  or  com- 
bating inflammation  of  the  abdominal  viscera ; — 
conducting  the  wound  to  cicatrization,  by  appro- 
priate means  ;  and  afterwards  supporting  the  ci- 
catrix by  a  bandage. 

The  word  hernia  was  also  used,  of  old,  for  the 
scrotum,  and,  not  unfrequently,  for  the  testicle. 

Hernia,  Aneurismal,  Cirsomphalus — h.  Ar- 
teriarum,  see  Aneurism — h.  of  the  Bladder,  Cys- 
tocele — h.  Bronchialis,  Bronchocele — h.  Carnosa, 
Sarcocele  —  h.  of  the  Cerebellum,  Pareneephalo- 
cele — h.  Cerebri,  Encephalocele. 

Hernia,  Congen'ital,  Hernia  congen'ifa,  is  a 
protrusion  of  some  of  the  contents  of  the  abdomen 
into  the  Tunica  vaginalis  testis,  owing  to  a  want 
of  adhesion  between  its  sides,  after  the  descent 
of  the  testicle. 

Hernia  Corked,  Ceratoeele  —  h.  Crural,  Me- 
rocele  —  h.  Epiploic,  Epiplocele  —  h.  Femoral, 
Meroeele  —  h.  Foraminis  Ovalis,  see  Hernia  — 
h.  Gutturis,  Bronchocele  —  h.  Hepatica,  Hepa- 
tocele. 

Hernia  Humora'lis,  Empres'ma  OrcM'tts,  Di- 
dymi'tis,  Orchi'tis,  Orchidi'tis,  Inflamma'tio  tes'- 
tium,  Inflamma' tion  of  the  Testicle,  Swelled  Tes- 
ticle, Hernia  Ven'eris,  Orehioce'le,  Orchidoce'le, 
Orchidnn'cus,  (F.)  Inflammation  du  testicule,  Or- 
chite.  Swelling  and  inflammation  of  the  testicle  is 
a  common  symptom  of  gonorrhoea — Chaudepiase 


tomhee  dans  les  Bourses;  but  it  may  arise  from 
external  injuries,  or  from  other  causes.  It  is  a 
disease,  which  cannot  be  mistaken,  and  the  treat- 
ment must  obviously  be  strongly  antiphlogistic, 
supporting  the  testicle  during  the  treatment,  and 
for  some  time  afterwards:  methodical  compres- 
sion has  also  been  found  useful.  The  disease  is 
not  generally  of  a  serious  character,  going  off  as 
suddenly  as  it  comes  on.  As  it  affects  the  epidi- 
dymis more  especially,  when  supervening  on  go- 
norrhoea or  blennoi-rhoea,  it  is  sometimes  termed 
h le n orrh  ag"ic  eptididymi' lis. 

Hernia  Incarcerata,  Entero-peristole — h. 
Inguinalis,  Bubonocele — h.  Intestinalis,  Entero- 
cele — h.  Intestinalis  omentalis,  Entero-epiplocele 
— h.  Iridis,  Ptosis  Iridis  —  h.  Ischiatica,  Ischio- 
cele — h.  Lienalis,  Splenocele. 

Her'nia  Litt'rica,  H.  e  Divertic'ulo  Intesti'ni, 
Hernia  first  described  by  Littre,  in  which  the  in- 
testinal canal  proper  is  not  included  in  the  hernial 
sac,  the  protruded  portion  of  intestine  consisting 
of  a  digital  prolongation  of  the  ileum,  which  Littre 
concluded  was  formed  by  the  gradual  extension 
of  a  knuckle  of  the  bowel,  that  had  been  engaged 
in  the  inguinal  canal. 

Hernia  of  the  Liver,  Hepatocele — h.  Omen- 
tal, Epiplocele  —  h.  Parorchido-enterica,  Paror- 
ehido-enterocele  —  h.  Perinsei,  see  Hernia  —  h. 
Pharyngis,  Pharyngocele — h.  Phrenic,  Diaphrag- 
matic hernia — h.  Pingviedinosa  Scroti,  Liparocele 

—  h.  of  the  Pleura,  Pleurocele  —  h.  Pleurica  et 
pulmonalis,  Pleurocele  —  h.  Pudendal,  Pudendal 
hernia — h.  Saeci  lachrymalis.  Lachrymal  hernia. 
Mucocele — h.  Scrotalis,  Scrotocele — h.  Seminalis 
scroti.  Spermatocele  —  h.  of  the  Stomach,  Gas- 
trocele — h.  Suprapubian,  II.  inguinal — h.  of  the 
Tongue,  Glossocele  —  h.  Umbilicalis,  Epiplom- 
phaion,  Exomphalos  —  h.  Umbilici  Aquosa,  Hy- 
dromphalum — h.  Urachi,  Uromphalus — h.  Uteri, 
Hysterocele  —  h.  Varicose,  Cirsocele  —  h.  Yari- 
cosa.  Varicocele  —  h.  Venarum,  Varix  —  h.  Ve- 
neris, Hernia  humoralis — h.  Ventosa,  Physocele 

—  h.  Ventral,  see  Ventral  —  h.  Ventriculi,  Gas- 
trocele — h.  Vesicae  UrinariaB,  Cystocele — h.  Zir- 
balis,  Epiplocele. 

HERNIAIRE,  Hernial,  Herniaria  glabra. 

HER'NIAL,  Hernia'rius,  (F.)  Herniaire.  Be- 
longing to,  or  concerning  hernia  :  —  as  Hernial 
Bandage,  Hernial  Sac,  kc. 

The  (F.)  Hernie,  is  applied  to  a  part  enveloped 
in  a  hernial  sac.  (F.)  Hernieitx,  Cele'ta,  Celo'tes, 
Bup'tured,  Burst,  Bursten,  means  one  affected 
with  hernia;  and  Chirurgien  herniaire,  one  who 
devotes  himself  to  the  treatment  of  hernia. 

HERNIA'RIA  GLABRA,  H.  vulga'ris  seu 
hirsu'ta  seu  alpes'tris  seu  an'nua  seu  cine'rea  seu 
friitico'sa,  MilUgra'na,  Em'peirum,  Rupturc-u-ort, 
from  ^c?-M?'ff, 'rupture.'  (F.)  Herniaire,  Tarquette, 
Hei-niole.  This  plant,  which,  as  its  name  imports, 
was  formerly  considered  efficacious  in  the  cure 
of  hernia,  seems  destitute  of  all  virtues. 

HERNTARIUS,  Hernial. 

HERNIE  CHARNUE,  Sarcocele— X.  de  I'Epi- 
j)loon,  Epiplocele — h.  de  V Estomac,  Gastrocele — • 
h.  Inguinale,  Bubonocele  —  h.  du  Nombr  il.  Ex 
omphalos — h.  Omhilicale,  Exomphalos — /;.  de  la 
Vessie,  Cystocele. 

HERNIE,  Hernial. 

HERNIEMPHRAG ' MUS,  Herniemph rax ' ?*, 
{totd.  hernia,  and  enippay^iog,  'obstruction.'  The 
mechanical  obstruction  of  a  hernial  canal  for  the 
radical  cure  of  the  hernia. 

HERNIEUX,  Hernial. 

HERNIOLE,  Herniaria  glabra. 

HERNIOTOMY,  Celotomia. 

HERO'IC,  Hero'icus,  Hero'ius,  Hero'us,  from 
')7p(us,  'a  hero.'  An  epithet  applied  to  remediea 
or  practice  of  a  violent  character. 


HERPEDOX 


440 


HEUCHERA 


HERFEDON,  Herpes. 

nERPEN,  Herpes. 

HERPES,  Etyes,  Herpe'don,  ITerjjen,  Serjoens, 
from  'fpTTOj,  'I  creep;'  because  it  creeps  and 
spreads  about  tbe  skin;  EcpJihi' sis  Herpes,  Cy- 
tls'ma  Herpes,  Tetter,  Fret,  (F.)  Dartre,  Olo- 
phlyctide.  A  vesicular  disease,  which,  in  most 
of  its  forms,  passes  through  a  regular  course  of 
increase,  maturation,  decline,  and  termination  in 
from  10  to  14  days.  The  vesicles  arise  in  dis- 
tinct, but  irregular  clusters,  which  commonly  p.p- 
pear  in  quick  succession,  and  near  together,  on 
an  inflamed  base ;  generally  attended  with  heat, 
pain,  and  considerable  constitutional  disorder. 
The  term,  like  all  others  which  refer  to  cutaneous 
diseases,  has  not  been  accurately  defined.  The 
ancients  had  three  varieties :  the  miliary,  Kzy- 
;)fpia£oy:  vesicular,  <p\vK-aivwortg,  and  era' ding, 
icr^io^tevos.     Bateman  has  the  following  varieties  : 

1 .  Herpes  Phlyct.^no'des,  Herpes  mih'n'ris,  Ec- 
phly'  sis  Herpes  Ililia'  ris,  {'E'.)Darfre  phlycteno'ide, 
in  which  the  vesicles  are  millet-sized ;  pellucid ; 
clusters  commencing  on  an  uncertain  part  of  the 
body,  and  being  progressively  strewed  over  the 
rest  of  the  surface ;    succeeded  by  fresh  crops. 

2.  Herpes  Zoster,  Zoster,  Zona  -ic/'nea,  Z.  serpi- 
yino'sa,  Irpiis  Per'sicus,  Cinzilla,  Sacer  ignis,  Ec- 
fjlily'sis  Herpes  zoster,  Herpes  peris' cells,  Erysip'- 
clas  zoster,  Erysip'elas  phlyctanoi'des,  E.  pustu- 
hi'sa,  Zona,  Cir'cinus,  PerizoWna,  (F.)  Cointure, 
0.  dartreuse.  Feu  Persique,  Erysijjele  pustuleux, 
J^hingles,  in  which  the  vesicles  are  pearl-sized; 
the  clusters  spreading  round  the  body  like  a  gir- 
dle ;  at  times  confluent,  and  occasionally  pre- 
ceded by  constitutional  irritation.  3.  Herpes 
Circina'tus,  Formi'ca  amhulato'ria,  An'nnhts  re- 
penf!,  Herpes  Serjn'c/o,  Serpi'go,  EcjMy'sis  He)-- 
pes  Circina'tiis,  liingicorm,  Vesie'vlar  Ringioorm, 
consisting  of  vesicles  with  a  reddish  base,  uniting 
in  rings;  the  area  of  the  rings  slightly  discoloured, 
often  followed  by  fresh  crops.  4.  Herpes  La- 
bia'lis,  and  5.  Herpes  Pr^eputia'lis,  Aphthm 
2)rcBpn'tii,  Vlcus'cula  p>r(Bpu'tii,  appearing,  re- 
spectively, on  the  lips  and  prepuce.  6.  Herpes 
Iris,  Iris,  liainhow-ioorm,  occurring  in  small  cir- 
cular patches,  each  of  which  is  composed  of  con- 
centric rings  of  different  colours.  To  these  may 
a.dded.  Herpes  Ex'edens,  Ecphly'sis  Herpes  ex' - 
edens,  Herpes  esthiom'enus,  H.  depas'cens,  H.  ferns, 
H.  estiom'enus,  H.  ferox,  Darta  excnriati'va  seu 
maliy'ua,  Lupus  vorax,  Formi'ca  corrosi'va,  For- 
mix,  Pap'ulafera,  Ul'cerative  Ringworm,  Nir'les, 
A'gria,  (F.)  Dartre  rongeante,  in  which  the  vesi- 
cles are  hard ;  clusters  thronged ;  fluid  dense, 
yellow  or  reddish,  hot,  acrid,  corroding  the  sub- 
jacent skin,  and  spreading  in  serpentine  trails. 

All  the  varieties  demand  simply  an  antiphlo- 
gistic treatment,  when  attended  with  febrile  irri- 
tation. The  herj^es  circinatus,  alone,  requires 
the  use  of  astringent  applications  which  have  the 
power  of  repressing  the  eruption. 

Herpes  Depascens,  H.  exedens  —  h.  Esthio- 
menus,  H.  exedens— h.  Estiomenus,  H.  exedens 
— h.  Farinosus,  Pityriasis — h.  Ferox,  H.  exedens 
— ^h.  Ferus,  H.  exedens — h.  Furfuraceus,  Pityri- 
asis—  h.  Furfuraceus  circinatus.  Lepra,  H.  exe- 
dens—  h.  Miliaris,  H.  phlycta^noides  —  h.  Peris- 
celis,  H.  zoster  — h.  Serpigo,  H.  circinatus  —  h. 
Tonsurans,  Porrigo  decalvans. 

HERPET'IC,  Herpet'icus,  (F.)  Dartreux.  Pos- 
sessing the  nature  of  herpes. 

HERPETOG'RAPHY,  Herpetograph'ia,  from 
'epTzrji,  'herpes,'  and  ypnijirt,  'a  description.'  A 
description  of  the  different  forms  of  herpes. 

HERPE'TON,  Herpet'icon,  from  'cpKuv,  'to 
creep.'  A  creeping  eruption  or  ulcer.  —  Hippo- 
crates. 


HERPYLOS,  Thymus  serpyllum. 

HERRENSCHWAND'S  SPECIFIC,  see  Spe- 
eific  of  Herrenschwand. 

HESPERIS  ALLIARIA,  Alliaria, 

HETERADELPH'IA,from  'cTcpo;,  'other,'  and 
aSeX(pos,  '  a  brother.'  A  double  monstrosity,  in 
which  the  components  of  the  double  bodies  are 
very  unequal,  and  of  which  one  portion  may  be 
regarded  as  the  stem  or  trunk,  to  which  another 
organized  part,  or  even  a  whole  body,  less  deve- 
loped than  itself,  is  aiExed  like  a  parasite. 

HETEROCHRON'ICUS,  Heteroeh'ronus,  from 
'crtpog,  '  other,'  and  'x^povoi,  '  time.'  Relating  to 
difference  of  time. 

Pulsus  heieroehron' icns.  A  pulse  of  varying 
rhythm.     An  irregular  or  intermittent  pulse. 

"hETEROCHYMEU'SIS,  from  'sTepo;,  'other,' 
and  ■)(yjxi:v(jis,  'mixture.'  A  state  of  the  blood  in 
which  it  contains  other  matters  than  in  health, 
as  urea,  bile,  &c. 

HETEROCLITE,  see  Homology,  and  Tissues. 

HETEROCRANIA,  Hemicrania. 

HETEROCRIN'IA,  from  'ercpo?,  'other,'  and 
Kpivw,  'I  separate.'  Modification  in  the  situatiou 
of  secretions. — Andral. 

HETEROGENESIS,  see  Generation. 

HETEROLALIA,  Heterophonia. 

HETEROLOGOUS  TISSUES,  see  Tissues. 

HETEROMORPH'ISM,  Heteromorphis'mus, 
from  'cTtpo;,  'other,'  and  f/.op(pri,  'shape.'  A  de- 
viation from  the  natural  shape  of  parts. 

HETEROMORPHOUS,  see  Homology. 

HETEROPATHIC,  Allopathic. 

HETEROPHO'NIA,  from  'irepog,  '  other,'  and 
(pojvrj,  'voice.'  A  cracked  or  broken  voice.  A 
change  of  the  voice  or  speech — Heterola'lia. 

HETEROPHTHAL'MIA,  from  'crcpog,  'other,' 
and  o(p^a\noi,  'eye.'  A  diff'erence  in  the  two 
eyes,  —  as  when  one  squints,  or  is  of  a  different 
colour. 

HETEROPLAS'TY,  Heteroplas'tiee,  Hetero- 
pjla'sia,  from  'trtpog,  'other,'  and  TrAao-cru),  'I  form.' 
Irregular  plastic  or  formative  operations,  that  do 
not  admit  of  exact  classification. 

HETEROPROSO'PUS,  from'trtpo?,  'difiFerent,' 
and  zpoadi-Kov,  '  countenance.'  A  monster  having 
two  faces. — Gurlt. 

HET'EROPUS,  from  'cr^pog,  'other,'  and  ttov;, 
'  foot.'  One  who  has  one  foot  difi'erent  from  the 
other. 

HETEROREXIA,  Malacia. 

HETERORRHYTH'JiUS.from  'tnpog,  'other,' 
SJiA.  pvOjiog,  'rhythm.'  Having  another  rhythm. 
An  epithet  given  to  the  pulse,  when  it  is  such, 
in  any  individual,  as  is  usually  felt  at  a  difi'erent 
age. 

HETEROS,  from  hnpog,  'the  one  of  two,'  'the 
other.'     Hence: 

HETEROSARCO'SES,  from  'cripog,  'other,' 
and  cap^,  'flesh.'  A  class  of  diseases  which  con- 
sist in  the  formation  of  accidental  tissues. — Gen- 
drin. 

HETEROTAX'IA.  (F.)  Heterotaxie,  from  'iTt- 
pog,  and  ra^ig,  'order.'  A  malformation,  which 
consists  in  the  general  transposition  of  organs. 
A  change  in  the  relation  of  organs. 

HETEROTOP'IA,  from  'erepog.  'other,'  and 
TOTvog,  'place.'  A  de^viation  from  the  natural  po- 
sition of  parts. 

HJ&TRE,  Fagus  sylvatica. 

HEUCHERA,  see  H.  cortusa  —  h.  Aeerifolla, 
H.  cortusa. 

Heuche'ra  Cortu'sa,  H.  America' na,  H.Ace- 
rij'u'lia,  H.  Vis'cida,  Cortu'sa  America' na,  Alum 


heudelotia 


441 


niLOJT 


Root,  Amer'iean  San'icle,  Ground-maple,  Cliff- 
weed,  Split-rock.  The  root  —  Heuchera  (Ph.  U. 
S.) — is  a  powerful  astringent,  and  is  the  basis 
of  a  cancer  powder.  The  American  Indians  ap- 
ply the  powdered  root  to  wounds,  ulcers,  and 
cancers.  It  is  said  to  have  been  sold  for  col- 
chicum. 

Heuchera  Viscida,  H.  cortusa. 

HEUDELOTIA  AERICANA,  see  Bdellium. 

HEVEA  GUIANENSIS,  see  Caoutchouc.       • 

HEXAGIUM,  Sextula. 

IIEXATHYRIDIUM  VENARUM.seeWorms. 

HEXIS,  'e^ii.  Habit,  habit  of  body,  constitu- 
tion.    Hence,  hectic,  ca.chectie,  &c. 

HIA'TUS,  from  hiare,  'to  gape,'  'to  open.' 
A  foramen  or  aperture.  Mouth.  The  vulva. 
Also,  j'awning. 

Hiatus  Diaphrag'matis  Aoe'ticus,  Semicir'- 
cidus  cxsculp'tus.  The  opening  in  the  diaphragm 
for  the  passage  of  the  abdominal  aorta. 

Hiatus  Fallopii,  see  AquEeductus  Fallopii — 
Ti.  Occijnto-petreux,  Lacerum  pcsterius  foramen 
— h.  Spheno-pietreux,  Lacerum  anterius  foramen. 

Hiatus  of  Winslow,  Fora'men  of  Window. 
An  opening — situate  behind  the  lesser  omentum, 
and  behind  the  vessels  and  nerves  of  the  liver — 
which  forms  a  communication  between  the  peri- 
toneal cavity  and  that  of  the  omenta. 

HIBER'NICUS  LAPIS,  Teg'ida  Hlher'nica, 
Arde'sia  Hiber'nica,  Harde'sia,  Irish  Slate.  A 
kind  of  slate  or  very  hard  stone,  found  in  differ- 
ent parts  of  Ireland,  in  masses  of  a  bluish-black 
colour,  which  stains  the  hands.  It  has  been 
taken,  powdered,  in  spruce-beer,  against  inward 
contusions. 

HIBISCUS,  Althaja, 

HiBis'cus  ABELjros'cHUS,  Ahehnos' chus  mos- 
cha'tus.  The  name  of  the  plant,  whose  seeds  are 
called  Grancc  Mo-schi  or  3fuskseed.  It  is  the  Bel- 
mus'chus,  Abel mos' chus,  Graniim  ^[oschi,  Ket'mia 
JEfjyptiaca,  IIoschusAr'abum,  ^Egt/p'tia  moscha'- 
tn,  Bamix  moscha'ta,  Alce'a,  Alcea  Ind'ica,  Alcea 
JEgtjptiaca  Villo'sa,  Abelmosch,  Abelmusl;  3[uslc- 
mallow,  (F.)  Graine  de  Muse,  Herbe  d  In  poudre 
de  Chypre,  Ambrette,  Guimauve  veloufee.  It  is 
indigenous  in  Egypt  and  the  Indies.  The  seeds 
are  chiefly  used  as  perfumes ;  and  especially  in 
the  formation  of  Cyprus  Powder. 

HiBls'cus  Popule'us,  Balimba'go.  A  small 
Molucca  tree.  The  fruit  is  full  of  a  juice  similar 
to  camboge.  The  root  is  emetic.  It  is  used  in 
chronic  diarrhoea,  colic,  dyspepsia,  &o. 

HICCOUGH,  Singultus. 

HICCUP,  Singultus. 

HICK'ORY.  The  name  of  several  American 
trees  of  the  genus  Cart/a ;  Order,  Juglandacese. 
The  leav.es  are  usually  aromatic  ;  and  are  reputed 
to  be  antispasmodic  (?).  The  bark  of  those  species 
that  have  bitter  nuts,  as  Carya  ama'ra  and  C. 
porci'na,  is  somewhat  astringent.  Some  of  them 
bear  fruit  that  is  much  esteemed,  as  Caryn.  oliva- 
formis.  Pecan'  or  Peccan'  nut,  and  C.  sulca'ta, 
Shellbark. 

HIDDEN  SEIZURES.  An  expression  em- 
ployed by  Dr.  Marshall  Hall  for  obscure  ence- 
phalic and  spinal  attacks,  of  an  epileptoid  cha- 
racter for  example,  which  may  be  immediately 
owing  to  trachelismus. 

HIDRISCHESIS,  Hidrnschesis. 

HIDltOA,  Desudatio,  Echauboidures,  Hydroa, 
Sudamina. 

HIDRON'OSUS,  Hidronu'sus,  from  'iBpm, 
'sweat,'  and  voao?,  'a  disease.'  A  disease  accom- 
panied by  violent  sweats.     Sudor  Anglicus. 

HIDRONUSUS,  Hidronosus. 

HIDROPEDESIS,  Ephidrosis. 

HIDROPIIOROS,  Sudoriferous. 

HIDROPOETICUM,  Sudorific. 


HIDROPYRA,  Sudor  Anglicus. 
HIDROPYRETOS,  Sudor  Anglicus. 
HIDRORRHCEA,  Ephidrosis. 

HIDROS,  'iipwf.  Sudor,  'sweat.'  Hence — ITx- 
dropyra,  Ilidrosis,  &c. 

HIDROS'CHESIS,  Hidris'chesis,  Beten'lio  su- 
do'ris,  from  'ii?f)wf,  'sweat,'  and  o-)(^tais,  'reten- 
tion.'    Suppression  of  persj)iration. 

HIDRO'SIS,  Hidro'sis,  Suda'tio,  from  'lopuij, 
'  sweat.'     Sudation,  Sweating,  Ephidrosis. 

HIDRGTERION",  Aehicolum. 

HIDROTERIUM,  Sudorific. 

HIDROTICUM,  Sudorific. 

HIDRO'TIUM,  Diminutive  of 'i^puy,  'sweat' 
A  gentle  sweat  or  perspiration. 

HIDROTOPCEUM,  Sudorific. 

HIEBLE,  Sambucus  ebulus. 

HI'ERA  DIACOLOCYN'THIDOS,  from  'npoi, 
'holy.'  Hiera  of  Colocynth.  An  eleetuarj',  com- 
posed of  10  parts  of  colocynth,  as  much  agaric, 
germander,  ichite  horehound,  stcechas:  —  5  parts 
of  npoponax,  as  much  sagapenum,  parsley,  round 
birthwort  root,  and  vhite  pepper:  —  4  parts  of 
spiikenard,  cinnamon,  viyrrh,  and  saff'roti/  and  3 
pounds,  .3  ounces,  and  5  drachms  of  honey. 

Hiera  of  Colocynth,  H.  Diacolocynthidos — 
h.  Logadii,  Hiera  picra. 

Hiera  Picra,  from  'icpos,  'holy,'  and  nx-pof, 
'bitter.'  Eoly  bitter,  Pulvis  aloet'-icus,  formerly 
called  Hiera  loga'dii,  when  made  into  an  electu- 
ary with  honey.  It  is  now  kept  in  the  form  of 
dry  powder ; — prepared  by  mixing  soeotrine  aloes 
one  pound,  with  3  ounces  of  canella  alba.  Seo 
Pulvis  aloes  cum  canella. 

Hiera  Syrinx,  Vertebral  column.  Epilepsy. 

HIERACI'TES,  'upaKiT^g,  from  'i£pa(,  'a hawk,' 
Lapis  Accip'itrum.  The  ancient  name  of  a  pre- 
cious stone,  believed  to  be  capable  of  arresting 
the  hemorrhoidal  flux. — Plinv,  Galen,  Paulus. 

HIERACIUM  LACHEXALII,  H.  murorum. 

Hiera'cium  Mubo'eum,  H.  Lachenalii,  Pid- 
mona'ria  Gall'ica,  Auric'ula  mu'ris  major,  (F.) 
Epierviere  des  murailles,  Pulmonaire  des Francois, 
A  European  plant,  which  is  a  slight  tonic. 

HiERACiuii  Oleeaceum,  Sonchus  oleraceus. 

HiERACiuM  Pilosel'la.  The  systematic  name 
of  the  Auric'ula  Jlurr^.  Pilosel'la,  P.  Alpi'na, 
jifyoso'tis.  Mouse-ear,  (F.)  Piloselle,  Oreille  de 
Souris.  This  plant  contains  a  bitter,  lactescent 
juice,  which  has  a  slight  degree  of  astringeney. 
The  roots  are  more  powerful  than  the  leaves. 

Hiera'cium  Vexo'sum,  Rattlesnakeweed ,  Veiny 
Hawkweed,  indigenous,  has  similar  properties. 

HIERANOStrS,  Chorea,  Epilepsy. 

HIERAX,  Aeeipiter. 

HIEROBOTANE,  Verbena  officinalis. 

HIEROGLYPH'ICA,  from  'npos,  'holy,'  and 
yXu^M,  'I  carve.'  A  name  given  to  the  signs 
employed  in  medicine  ;  and,  also,  to  the  folds  in 
the  hands,  feet,  and  forehead,  which  afford  cM- 
romaney  its  pretended  oracles. 

HIEROPYR.  Erysipelas. 

HILL'S  BALSAM  OF  HOXEY'',  see  Balsam 
of  Honey,  Hill's — h.  Essence  of  Bardana,  Tinctura 
guaiaci  ammoniata. 

HILLBERRY,  Gaultheria. 

HILL  FEVER,  see  Fever,  bill. 

HILOIST,  (F.)Hilum,  improperly  ZTiVj/s.  A  name 
given  by  some  writers  to  a  small  blackish  tumour, 
formed  by  the  protrusion  of  the  iris  through  an 
opening  in  the  transparent  cornea,  so  called  from 
its  comparison  with  the  hile  or  black  mark  pre- 
sented by  the  vicia  faba  at  one  of  its  extremitiei«. 
In  Botany,  the  Hile  or  Hilum  is  the  cioatrieula 
of  a  seed,  which  indicates  the  place  by  which  it 
was  attached  in  the  cavity  of  the  pericarp.  It- 
is  the  umbilicus  of  the  seed.     The  fissure  of  tha 


HILUS 


442 


HISTOGENIA 


spleen,  kidney,  &e.,  is,  also,  sometimes  called 
HUm. 

HILUS,  Hilon. 

IIiLUS  Liena'lis,  Ineisu'ra  liena'Ua.  The  con- 
cave part  of  the  spleen. 

IIiLDS  Rexa'lis,  Ineisu'ra  rena'lia.  The  con- 
cave pnrt  of  the  kidney. 

HIMAXTOMA,  see  Himas. 

niMANTOSIS,  Himas. 

HIMAS,  'i/zaj, '  a  thong  of  leather.'  The  uvnla ; 
likewise,  elongation,  and  extenuation  of  the  uvula. 
It  is  also  called  Himanto'sis,  Himanto'ma.  See 
fitaphylffidema. 

HIMEROS,  Libido. 

HIP,  Haunch — h.  Bone,  Ischium — h.  Disease, 
Cosarum  morbus — h.  Joint,  Coxofemoral  articu- 
lation—h.  Tree,  Rosa  canina. 

HIP'PACE,  'c-izaKti,  from  'tiriTo;,  'a  horse.' 
Ca'seus  Equi'nus.  A  cheese  prepared  from  mare's 
milk. 

HIPPAXTHRO'PIA,  from  'nrno;,  'a  horse,' 
and  av&pii)-os,  '  a  man.'  A  variety  of  melancholy, 
in  which  the  patient  believes  himself  changed  to 
a  horse.  The  Greek  word  'iirirav-^pw-os,  means 
the  fabulous  Centaur. 

HIPPASIA,  Equitation. 

HIPPEIA,  Equitation. 

HIPPEUSIS,  Equitation. 

HIPPIATER,  Hippi'dtroa,  Med'ievs  eqiia'rina. 
A  farrier.  A  horse  doctor.  Used  also  for  one 
who  treats  the  diseases  of  other  domestic  animals; 
Veterina' rius,  Mulumed'icus,  Med'icus  Vetetinu'- 
riiis,  Zoidtrus. 

HIPPIATRI'A,  Hippiat'rica,  Hipjnat'rice, 
Medici' na  equa'ria,  from  'itt-os,  '  a  horse,'  and 
larpiKri,  '  laedicine,'  {F.}  Ilippiatrique.  A  science, 
whose  object  is  the  knowledge  of  the  diseases  of 
the  horse.  It  is  sometimes  made  to  include  other 
domestic  animals.     See  Veterinary  art. 

HIPP  I  A  TRIQ  UE,  Hippiatria. 

HIPPIATRUS,  Hippiater. 

HIPPO,  Euphorbia  coroUata— h.  Indian,  Gil- 
lenia  trifoliata. 

HIPPOCAMPE  GRANDE,  Cornu  ammonis. 

HIPPOCAMPUS  MAJOR,  Cornu  ammonis. 

Hippocam'pus  Minor,  Pea  hippocam' p>i  minor, 
Pea  hippopot'ami  mijior,  j^nguia,  U.  Avis,  U.  Hal- 
leri,  O'crea,  Collie' ulna  ca'vea:  posterio'ris  ventri- 
culo'rum  latera'lium,JJaleara'vi8,  Vn'ciforvi  Eni'- 
inenee,  (F.)  Ergot,  Eperon.  A  medullary  tubercle 
cr  projection,  observed  in  the  posterior  cornu  of 
the  lateral  ventricle  of  the  brain. 

HIPPOCENTAUREA  CENTAURIUM,  Chi- 
ronia  centaurium. 

HIPPOCRAS,  Claret. 

HIPPOCRATES,  CAP  OF,  Bonnet  d'Hippo- 
crate  —  h.  Sleeve,  CJianaae. 

HIPPOCRAT'IC,  ffippoerat'icua.  Relating  to 
Hippocrates,  or  concerning  his  doctrine, — a.sHip- 
poeratie  doctrine,  Hippiocratic  face,  <tc. 

HIPPOC'RATIST.  A  partisan  of  the  Hippo- 
cratic  doctrine. 

HIPPOGONYOLEPUS,  Crusta  genu  equinse. 

HIPPOLAPATHUM,  Rumex  patientia. 

HIPPOLITHUS,  Bezoard  of  the  horse. 

HIPPOMARATHRUM,  Peucedanum  silaus. 

HIPPOPATHOL'OGY,  Hippopatholog"ia, 
from  'iiTTTog,  'a,  horse,  va^s,  'a  disease,'  and  \oyos, 
'a,  discourse.'  The  science  of  the  diseases  of 
the  horse.     Patholosiy  of  the  horse. 

HIPPOPHAGOUS,  Equivorous, 

HIPPOPUS,  see  KyUosis. 

HIPPOS,  Equus. 

HIPPOSELINUM,  Smymium  olusatrum. 

UIPPOSTEOL'OGY,  Hippo8teolog"ia,  from 
'jirrof,  'a  horse,'  oanov,  'a  bone,'  and  Aoyoj,  'a 
discourse.'     Osteology  of  the  horse. 


HIPPOT'OMY,  Eippotom'ia,  from  'irroj,  'a 
horse,'  and  njivetv,  '  to  cut.'  Anatomy  of  the 
horse. 

HIPPU'PiIA,  from  'ittos,  'a  horse,'  and  ovpov, 
'urine,'  because  the  urine  contains  hippuric  acid, 
which  is  found  in  the  iirine  of  the  horse.  A  pa- 
thological condition,  in  which  there  is  an  excess 
of  hippuric  acid  in  the  urine. 

HIPPURIC  ACID,  see  Acid,  hippuric. 

HIPPU'RIS  YULGA'RIS,  from  '.ttto;,  'a 
horse,'  and  ovpa,  '  a  tail.'  The  systematic  name 
of  the  Horse's  Tail,  Glare's  Tail,  Eqtiise'tnm  mi- 
nua,  Equise'tum,  (F.)  Prele,  Presle,  Asprele.  It 
is  an  astringent,  and  frequently  used,  as  tea,  by 
the  vulgar,  in  diarrhoea  and  hemorrhage.  The 
same  virtues  are  attributed  to  the  Equise'tum  ar- 
ven'se,  flnviat'ile,  limo'sum,  &c. 

HIPPUS,  Equua,  Nicta'tio,  from  'i-^-ao?,  'a 
horse.'  A  disease  of  the  eyes,  in  which,  from 
birtb,  they  perpetually  twinkle,  like  those  of  a 
man  on  horseback.  (?)  Also,  a  tremulous  condition 
of  the  iris,  which  occasions  repeated  alternations 
of  contraction  and  dilatation  of  the  pupil;  Iri- 
dot'romua.  Tremor  I'ridis. 

HIPS,  Sax.  heopa.  The  fruit  of  the  dog-rose, 
Rosa  Cani'na :  chiefly  used  as  a  confection.  See 
Confectio  Rosas  Caninee. 

HIRCIS'MUS,  Hirciia,  Hirquus,  from  Tiircvs, 
'a  goat.'  Stinking  like  a  goat:  —  applied  esj>e- 
cially  to  the  odour  of  the  secretions  of  the  axilla, 

HIRCUS,  Canthus  (greater),  Hircismus,  Tra- 
gus—  h.  Alarum,  Cinabra. 

HIRQUITALITAS,from  Mrcus,  'a  goat,'  Pa- 
rapho'nia pu'hernm.   Goat'svoice.   SeeEgophony. 

HIRQUUS,  jB'jVcus,  Canthus  (greater),  Hircis- 
mus, Tragus. 

HIRSU'TIES,  Das'yma,  Das'ytes,  Tricho'ais, 
Hirsu'ties,  Hair'iness.  Growth  of  hairs  on  extra- 
neous parts,  or,  superfluous  growth  on  parts;  as 
in  cases  of  bearded  women.  —  Good. 

HIRU'DO,  The  Leech,  Sangmsu'ga,  Bdelln. 
In  medicine,  the  Uiru'do  Medicinn'lls,  Bdella 
Jfedicina'lia,  or  3fedicinal  Leech,  (F.)  Sangsve, 
is  employed.  In  the  United  States,  JS.  dec'ora 
is  used.  The  leech  lives  in  fresh  water,  and 
feeds  on  the  blood  of  animals,  which  it  sucks, 
after  having  pierced  the  skin  with  its  three  sharp 
teeth.  This  habit  has  been  taken  advantage  otj 
to  produce  local  blood-letting.  In  applying  the 
leech,  the  part  must  be  wiped  dry;  and  if  there 
be  difficulty  in  making  it  suck,  a  little  milk  or 
cream  may  be  applied.  When  satiated,  it  will 
drop  ofi",  and  by  applying  a  little  salt  or  vinegar 
to  its  head  it  will  disgorge  the  blood.  A  good 
English  leech  will  take  about  half  an  ounce  of 
blood,  including  that  which  flows  by  fomenting 
the  part  subsequentlj'.    The  American  takes  less. 

HiRUDO  Artificialis,  Antlia  sanguisuga — h. 
Decora,  see  Hirudo — h.  Medicinalis,  Hirudo. 

HIRUNDINARIA,  Asclepias  vincetoxicum, 
Lysimachia  nummularia. 

HIRUN'DO,  Chel'idon,  from  hmrendo,  'stick- 
ing;' because  it  sticks  its  nests  against  the 
houses.  (?)  The  Sicallaw.  The  nests  of  the 
swallow  were  once  employed  as  rubefacienis, 
boiled  in  vinegar. 

HISPANICUM  VIRIDE,  Cupri  subacetas. 

HISPIDITAS,  Dystcechiasis,  Phalangosis. 

HTSPIDULA,  Antennaria  dioicum. 

HISSING  RESPIRATION,  see  Rdle  sibilant. 

HISTIOLOGY,  Histology. 

HISTODYAL'YSIS,  from  'taros,  'organic  tex- 
ture,' and  (iiaXiiffif,  'dissolution.'  A  morbid  dis- 
solution of  the  tissues. 

HISTOGEN'IA,  Histog"eny,  from  htrroi,  'the 
organic  texture,'  and  ytvcai;,  'generation.'  The 
formation  and  development  of  the  organic  texturcft. 


HISTOLOGIA 


443 


HOMOilOZTGY 


HTSTOLOGTA,  Histology. 
1IIST0L0G"ICAL,  Hhtolo(j"ic\is.  Same  ety- 
mon as  the  next.  Relating  to  histology.  Ap- 
plied, also,  at  times,  to  the  natnral  transforma- 
tions that  occur  in  the  tissues  in  the  embryo.in 
contradistinction  to  morphological,  which  applies 
to  the  alterations  in  the /orm  of  the  several  parts 
of  the  embryo. 

HISTOL'OGY,  Histolog"ia,  Hisllol'ogy,  E!s- 
tiolog"ia,  from  'i<rroj,  '  the  organic  texture,'  and 
Xoyoj, 'a  description.'  Anatomy  (general).  The 
term  is,  also,  more  particularly  appropriated  to 
the  minute  anatomy  of  the  tissues.  See  Anatomy. 
mSTON'OMY,  Histonom'ia,  from 'jirroj' '  the 
organic  texture,'  and  voiioi,  'law.'  The  aggregate 
of  laws,  which  preside  over  the  formation  and 
arrangement  of  the  organic  tissues. 

HIS'TORY,  MED'ICAL,  Histo'ria  Medici'ncB. 
A  narration  of  the  chief  circumstances,  and  the 
persons  connected  with  them,  in  the  progress  of 
medicine. 

HIST'OS,  'i(TToq,  'the  organic  texture.'  Tex- 
tu'ra  seu  Tela  organ'ica. 

HISTOT'OMY,  i^/siotom'm  from  'jtrros,  'orga- 
nic texture,'  and  Toum  'incision.'  Dissection  of 
the  tissues. 

HIVE  SYRUP,  Syrupus  scillse  compositus. 

HIVES,  Cynanche  trachealis,  Urticaria,  Vari- 
cella. In  Scotland,  according  to  Dr.  Jameson, 
Hives  or  Hi/ves  means  any  eruption  of  the  skin, 
proceeding  from  an  internal  cause;  and,  in  Lo- 
thian, it  is  used  to  denote  both  the  red  and  the 
yellow  gum.  In  the  United  States,  it  is  vaguely 
employed:  most  frequently,  perhaps,  for  Urti- 
caria. 

Hives,  Bolb,  Urticaria. 

HOARSENESS,  Raueedo. 

HOB-NAIL  LIVER,  Cirrhosis  of  the  liver. 
Liver,  nutmeg. 

HOCK,  Poples. 

HOG-LICE,  Onisci  aselli, 

HOGWORT,  Heptallon  graveolens. 

HOLANENCEPHA'LIA,  from 'oXoj,  'entire,' 
and  a7iencephalia,  'absence  of  brain.'  Entire 
absence  of  brain, — the  same  as  Anencephalia. — 
G.  St.  Hilaire. 

HOLARTHRITIS,  Hamarthritis. 

HOLCE,  'o^Krj,  'a  dram.' — Galen. 

HOL'CIMOS,  'oXKifios,  from 'oAk)7,  'a  weight,' 
A  tumour  of  the  liver. 

HOLCUS  SORGHUM,  Panicum  Italicum. 

HOLERA,  Cholera. 

HOLLANDS,  Gin. 

HOLLY,  AMERICAN,  Hex  opaca  — h.  Com- 
mon, Ilex  aquifolium — h.  Dahoon,  Ilex  vomitoria 
—  h.  Ground,  Pyrola  maeulata  —  h.  Ground,  Py- 
rola  umbellata — h.  Sea,  Eryngium  maritimum. 

HOLLYHOCK,  COMMON,  Alcea  rosea. 

HOLMES  WEED,  Scrophularia  nodosa. 

HOLMICOS,  Alveolus. 

HOLMOS,  Mortar, 

HOLOCYRON,  Teucrlum  chamsepitys. 

HOLONARCO'SIS,  from  'o\og,  'whole,'  and 
vapKuxyig' '  stupor.'  Narcosis  of  the  whole  body. 
Torpefactio  nniversa'lis. 

HOLOPHLYCTIDES,  PhlyctEena. 

HOLOSTEUM  ALSINE,  Alsine  media. 

HOLOSTEUS,  Osteocolla. 

HOLOTETANUS,  see  Tetanus. 

HOLOTONIA,  Holotonicus,  Tetanus. 

HOLOTON'ICUS,  'oXo;,  'the  whole,'  andrtivw, 
'  I  stretch.'  Holoton'ia.  A  spasm  of  the  whole 
body.     A  variety  of  tetanus. — Sauvages. 

HOL'YWELL,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Holywell  is  a  town  in  Wales,  and  takes  its  name 
from  the  famous  well  of  St.  Winifred.  It  is  a 
simple  cold  water,  remarkable  for  its  purity. 

HOMAGRA,  Omagra. 


HOMEOPATHY,  Ilomceopatliy. 

HOMERDA,  Stercus  humanum. 

IIOME'RIA  COLLI'NA.  A  poisonous  South 
African  plant,  Nat.  Ord.  Irideffi,  the  bulb  of  which 
acts  as  a  violent  acro-narcotic,  producing  fatal 
results  very  speedily. 

HOMESICKNESS,  Nostalgia. 

HOMICI'DAL,  Triicnlen'tus,  Ferus,  from  Jiomo, 
'man,'  and  ccedo,  'I  kill.'  Pertaining  or  relating 
to  homicide  or  the  killing  of  man. 

Homicidal  Insanity,  Homiei' dal  Monoma'nla, 
(F.)  Monomanic  homicide.  Insanity,  with  aii  ir- 
resistible impulse  to  destroy  life. 

HOMILIA,  Coition. 

HOM'INY.  A  word  of  Indian  derivation. 
Maize  or  Indian  corn  hulled  and  coarsely  broken. 
It  is  prepared  for  food  by  being  mixed  with  water 
and  boiled. 

Hominy,  Wheaten,  see  Groats. 

HOMIOSIS,  Homoiosis. 

H03UIE,  Homo. 

HOMO,  (F.)  Homme,  Man. — the  chief  and  most 
perfect  of  the  mammalia;  in  Greek,  avSpuiro;, 
Anthro'pos,  from  ava,  'upwards,  and  TpcTuj,  'I 
turn ;'  because  man,  alone,  of  all  animals,  pos- 
sesses the  natural  power  of  standing  erect.  He 
is,  also,  the  only  animal  whose  incisor  teeth, 
wedged  in  a  projecting  jaw,  are  absolutely  ver- 
tical. Man  is  especially  distinguished  from  other 
mammalia  by  the  faculty,  which  he  possesses,  of 
classing  his  ideas ;  comparing  them  with  each 
other;  and  connecting,  representing,  and  trans- 
mitting them  by  signs  and  articulate  sounds.  He 
possesses,  in  the  highest  degree,  all  the  attributes 
of  intelligence,  —  memory,  judgment,  and  imagi- 
nation. He  inhabits  all  countries,  —  the  burning 
regions  of  the  torrid  zone,  and  the  chilling  at- 
mosphere of  the  polar  climes.  In  different  situa- 
tions, he  presents,  in  his  figure,  colour,  and  sta- 
ture, differences  which  have  caused  mankind  to 
be  divided  by  naturalists  into  races  or  varieties. 
The  number  of  such  races  can  only  be  approxi- 
mated. Blumenbach  admits  five,  the  Caucasian, 
Ethiopian,  Mongolian,  Malay,  and  American. 
Every  division  must  necessarily  be  arbitrary,  and 
the  individuals  composing  each  variety  arc  far 
from  being  alike. 

Homo  Alatus,  see  Alatus. 

Homo  Cauda'tus,  '  Tailed  man.'  A  fabulous, 
tailed  variety  of  the  human  species,  'incolaorbis 
antarcticl,'  admitted  by  Linnaeus,  although  he  is 
uncertain  whether  to  rank  them  with  men  or 
apes ! 

Homo  Fatttus,  Idiot. 

HOMOED'RUS;  from  o/iow;  'together,'  and 
t^fia,  '  seat.'  Having  the  same  seat.  Ilorhi  ho~ 
moedri : — diseases  that  have  the  same  seat. 

HOMGEOMORPHOUS,  see  Homology. 

HOMOEOPATH,  Homoeopathist. 

HOMCEOPATH'IC,  Homceopath'icns,  Hom(B. 
op'athes.     Relating  to  homoeopathy. 

HOMOEOP'ATHIST,  Ho'mceopath,  Homceo- 
path'icua,  Homoeopathis'ta,  Homoeopathis'tes.  One 
who  believes  in  homoeopathy. 

HOMCEOP'ATHY,  Homceopathi'a,  Ars  homo;, 
opath'ica,  Homeop'athy,  from  'ofioios,  'like,'  and 
TraSoi,  'affection.'  A  fanciful  doctrine,  which 
maintains,  that  disordered  actions  in  the  human 
body  are  to  be  cured  by  inducing  other  disor- 
dered actions  of  the  same  kind,  and  this  to  be 
accomplished  by  infinitesimally  small  do-^^^s.  of- 
ten of  apparently  inert  agents;  the  decihionth 
part  of  a  grain  of  charcoal,  for  example,  is  an 
authorized  dose. 

HOMCEOZ'YGY,  from  'ouoiog,  'like,'  and  ^vyoa, 
'I  join  together.'     (F.)  Soi-jjour-soi.     Thfc  lav 


nOMOETHNIA 


444 


HORSE  CANE 


"f  association  of  organs,  by  -whicli  lilie  parts  ad- 
here to  likj  parts. — Serres. 

HOxMOETHNIA,  Sympathy. 

HOMOGENESIS,  see  Generation. 

HOMOIOPATHIA,  Sympathy. 

HOMOIO'SIS,  Homio'sis,  from 'ojioioto,  'I  re- 
semble,' 'I  assimilate.'  An  elaboration  of  the 
nutritious  juiee,  by  which  it  becomes  proper  for 
assimilation. 

HOMOLINOlSr,  see  Apolinosis. 

HOM'OLOGUE,  Homol'ogus,  same  etymon  as 
homology.  A  term  applied  to  the  same  organ  in 
different  animals  under  every  variety  of  form  and 
function. 

EOMOL'OGY,  from  'o^oiog,  'like,'  and  \oyog, 
'a  description.'  The  doctrine  of  similar  parts. 
Thus,  the  two  sides  of  the  body  are  said  to  be 
*  homologous.'  Homol'oyous,  hoinomoiyh'oits,  or 
homceomorph' ous  tissues,  are  those  that  resemble 
others  ;  in  opposition  to  heterol'orjous,  het' eroclite, 
or  lieteromoiph'ous,  which  are  new  formations. 
Homology  seems  now  to  be  accepted  as  the  de- 
signation of  the  doctrine  or  study,  the  subject  of 
which  is  the  relations  of  the  parts  of  animal  bo- 
dies.— Owen. 

HOMOMORPHOUS,  see  Homology. 

HOMONOPAGIA,  Cephalalgia. 

HOMOPH'AGUS,  from  'wfto?,  'raw,'  and  <payui, 
'  I  eat.'     One  who  eats  raw  flesh. 

HOMOPLAS'TY,  Homodpla'sia,  from  'o^ioio?, 
*lil:e,'  and  TrXacro-w,  'I  form.'  The  formation  of 
homologous  tissues. 

HOMOPLATA,  Scapula. 

HOMOT'ONOS,  ^qua'lis,  from  'ono?,  'equal,' 
and  rovof,  'tone.'  That  which  has  the  same  tone. 
A  continued  fever,  whose  symptoms  have  an 
equal  intensity  during  the  whole  course  of  the 
disease,  has  been  so  called.  See  Acmasticos,  and 
Synocha. 

HONESTY,  lAinaria  rediviva. 

HONEWORT,  FIELD,  Sison  amomum. 

HONEY,  Mel— h.  Balsam  of.  Hill's,  see  Mel- 
fa.  Bloom,  Apopynum  androsajmifolium  —  h.  of 
Borax,  Mel  boracis — h.  Clarified,  Mel  despuniatum 
—  h.  Prepared,  Mel  prasparatum  —  h.  of  Roses, 
Mel  rosee — h.  of  Squill,  compound,  Syrupus  scillas 
compositus. 

HONEYCOMB  BAG,  Reticulum. 

HONEYSUCKLE,  BUSH,  Diervilla  trifida. 

HONEY  SUGAR,  Glucose. 

HONGLANE,  Coptis  teeta. 

HONOR  CAPITIS,  see  Capillus. 

HONORARIUM,  Sostrum. 

HONTEUX,  Pudie. 

HOODWORT,  Scutellaria  lateriflora. 

HOOK,  Sax.  hoce,  hooc,  Dutch,  hoeck,  Un- 
cys,  Unc"inus,  Anc'yra,  (E.)  itrigne,  Aivigne  ou 
Eriiie.  An  instrument,  consisting  of  a  steel  wire, 
flattened  at  the  middle,  and  having  the  extremi- 
ties crooked  and  pointed.  Some  hooks  are  fur- 
nished with  a  handle  at  one  extremity— the  other 
having  one  or  two  hooks  ; — constituting  the  single 
or  double  hook.  The  hook  is  used  by  anatomists 
and  surgeons  to  lay  hold  of,  and  raise  up,  certain 
parts,  the  dissection  of  which  is  delicate,  or  which 
would  slip  from  the  fingers. 

The  Tenaculum  is  a  variety  of  the  hoolc. 

IIoOK,  Blunt,  Ich'thya,  Ich'thye,  Onyx,  Unguis 
fcvr'cus.  An  instrument  which  is  passed  over 
tlie  flexures  of  the  joints  to  assist  in  bringing 
down  the  foetus  in  y/arturition. 

IIOvJP  TREE,  Melia  azedarach. 

HOOPER'S  PILLS,  Pilulaj  Aloes  et  Myrrhte. 
^H00PTNG-,C0UG1I,  Pertussis  — h.  Roche's 
Kinb'-ocation  for,  see  Roche, 

H6PITAL,  Hospital. 

HOPLOCHRIS'MA,  from  'oi:\ov,  'a  weapon,' 


and  ^piafia,  'salve.'  Ungven'tum  arma'riwn, 
Arm'atory  Unguent.  A  salve  which  was  sup- 
posed to  cure  wounds  by  sympathy, — the  instru- 
ment with  which  the  wound  was  inflicted  being 
anointed  with  it. 

HOPLOMOCH'LION,'o-Xo//o;!tX(ov.from'o:r>ov, 
'a  weapon,'  and  jaox^os,  'a  lever.'  The  name  of 
an  iron  machine  or  apparatus,  which  embraced  the 
whole  body  like  armour.  A  figure  of  it  is  given 
by  Fabricius  ab  Aquapendente. 

HOP  PILLOW,  see  Humulus  lupulus  — h. 
Plant,  Humulus  lupulus. 

HOQUET,  Singultus. 

HORA,  Hebe. 

HOR^A,  Menses. 

HOR^OTES,  Maturity. 

HORDEI  MALTUM,  Malt. 

HORDE'OLUM,  diminutive  of  ^orc^eun?,  'bar- 
ley.' Orde'ohim,  Pos'tMa,  SclerophthaV mia,  Cri- 
the,  Crithid'ion,  Crythe,  Stye,  Styan,  (F.)  Or- 
gelet,  Orgeolet.  A  small,  inflammatory  tumour, 
of  the  nature  of  a  boil,  which  exhibits  itself  near 
the  free  edge  of  the  eyelids,  particularly  near  the 
inner  angle  of  the  eye. 

HOR'DEUM,  Or'deum,  CritJie.  The  seeds  of 
Hordeum  vulga're,  or  Scotch  Barley,  are  ranked 
amongst  the  Cerealia.  (F.)  Orge.  They  afford 
a  mucilaginous  decoction,  which  is  employed  as 
a  diluent  and  antiphlogistic.  The  seeds  of  the 
Hordeum  dia'tichon,  H.  CBsti'viim,  Zeoc'riton  die'- 
tichiim,  and  H.  hexas'tichon  possess  similar  pro- 
perties. Barley  is  freed  from  its  shells  in  mills, 
forming  the  Hor'deum  miinda'tvm  seu  decortica' - 
turn,  seu  earcortica'timi ;  and,  at  times,  is  rubbed 
into  small,  round  grains,  somewhat  like  pearls, 
when  it  is  called  Hordeum  perla'tum,  Pearl  Bar- 
ley, (F.)  Orge  perle,  and  forms  the  Hordeum  demi- 
tatum  seu  perlatum,  the  Hordei  sem'ina  tu'mcia 
nuda'ta,  of  the  pharmacopoeias, — Hordeum  (Ph. 
U.  S.) 

HoRDETTM  CArsTictJM,  Veratrum  sabadilla — h. 
Decorticatum,  see  Hordeum — h.  Denudatum,  see 
Hordeum  —  h.  Excorticatum,  see  Hordeum  —  h. 
Galacticum,  Oryza — h.  Mundatum,  see  Hordeum 
— h.  Perlatum,  see  Hordeum. 

HOREHOUND,  Marrubium  — h.  Black,  Bal- 
lota  fcetida  —  h.  Germander-leaved,  Eupatorium 
teucrifolium  -—  h.  Stinking,  Ballota  fcetida  —  h. 
Water,  Lycopus  sinuatus,  Lycopus  Virginicus — 
h.  Wild,  Eupatorium  teucrifolium. 

HORME,  Instinct. 

HORMINUM,  Salvia  horminum  — h.  Colora- 
tum.  Salvia  horminum — h.  Sativum,  Salvia  hor- 
minum. 

HORMON,  Enormon. 

HORN,  Cornu. 

HORNSEED,  Ergot. 

HORNY  EXCRES'CENCES,  Leindo'sis,  Ich- 
thyi'asis  cormg"era,  Cor'nua  cuta'nea,  {F.)Cornea 
de  la  Peau.  Certain  excrescences,  which  occa- 
sionally form  on  some  part  of  the  skin,  and  re- 
semble, in  shape,  the  horns  of  an  animal. 

Horny  Substance,  see  Tooth. 

HORRENTIA,  Horripilation. 

HOR'RIDA  CUTIS,  Goose-skin,  Cutis  anse- 
ri'na,  Dermatosp)asmu3.  A  state  of  the  skin  ac- 
companying the  rigor  of  an  intermittent. 

HORRIPILA'TION,  Horripila'tio,  Horror, 
Horren'tia,  Phrice,  Phricas'mus,  Phrici'asis, 
Phri'cia,  from  horrere,  '  to  bristle  up,'  and  pihts, 
'hair.'  {F.)  Horripilation,  Frissonnement.  Ge- 
neral chilliness,  preceding  fever,  and  accompanied 
with  bristling  of  the  hairs  over  the  body. 

HORROR,  Horripilation  — h.  Ciborum,  Dis- 
gust  for  food. 

HORSE  BALM,  Collinsonia  Canadensia. 

HORSE  CANE,  Ambrosia  trifida. 


HOESE  CHESTNUT 


445 


HUMERUS 


HORSE    CHESTNUT,   Jilsculus  liippocasta- 
num. 
HORSE  CRUST,  Crusta  genu  equinae. 
HORSEFLY  WEED,  Sophora  tinotoria. 
HORSEMINT,  Ambrosia  trifida,  Monarda  eoc- 
cinea  and  M.  punctata  —  h.  Sweet,  Cunila  ma- 
riana. 

HORSE  RADISH,  CocMearia  armoraeia. 
HORSE'S  TAIL,  Hippuris  vulgaris. 
HORSEWEED,  Ambrosia  trifida,  CoUinsonia 
Canadensis. 

HORTULUS  CUPIDINIS,  Vulra. 
HORTUS,  Vulva  — h.  Siccus,  Herbarium. 
HOS'PITAL,  primarily  from  hospes,  'a,  guest.' 
Nosocomi'um,  Adynatocomi'um,  Aclynatodoclii'- 
um,  Xenodoce' um,  JLenodoche' iini,  Ivfirm'ary,  In- 
Jtrma'rhim,  Infirm ato'rnim,  Nosodoclii'wn,  Vale- 
tudina'rium,  (F.)  Hopital.  An  establishment  for 
the  reception  of  the  sick,  in  which  they  are  main- 
tained and  treated  medically.  Hospitals  were 
first  instituted  about  the  end  of  the  4th  century; 
a  period  at  which  the  word  voaoKOficiov  was  em- 
ployed, for  the  first  time,  by  St.  Jerome.  They 
may  he  general,  receiving  all  cases ;  or  special, 
admitting  only  the  subjects  of  certain  diseases. 

Hos'piTAL  Gangrene,  PhagedcB'na  gangra- 
no'ea.  Putrid  or  Malignant  Ulcer,  Gangrce'na 
Nosocomio' rum  seu  Nosocomia'lis,  Sp7iac"elus  no- 
aocomia'lis,  Hos'piital  Sore,  Gangrce'na  confagio'- 
so,  Putre'do,  CF.)  Povrriture  ou  Gangrene  d'liopi- 
tal.  Gangrene,  occurring  in  wounds  or  ulcers, 
in  hospitals  the  air  of  which  has  been  vitiated 
by  the  accumulation  of  patients,  or  some  other 
.circumstance.  Hospital  gangrene — many  difi"er- 
eat  varieties  of  which  are  met  with,  and  always 
accompanied  or  preceded  by  fever  —  commonly 
commences  with  suppression  of  the  suppuration 
of  the  wound,  which  becomes  covered  with  a 
grayish  and  tenacious  sanies.  The  gangrene 
then  manifests  itself.  It  extends  from  the  centre 
of  the  ulcerated  surface  towards  the  edges  ;  these 
become  swollen,  painful,  and  everted ;  and  the 
patient  dies  with  all  the  signs  of  typhus.  The 
treatment  must  be  varied  according  to  circum- 
stances. Sometimes,  it  requires  the  use  of  sti- 
mulating, acid,  caustic,  and  antiseptic  applica- 
tions ;  with,  occasionally,  the  actual  cautery, 
aided  by  the  exhibition  of  tonics,  internally :  — 
at  others,  the  antiphlogistic  regimen  and  emol- 
lient applications  may  be  necessary. 
Hospital,  Leper,  Ladrerie. 
HOSTIARIUS,  Pylorus. 

HOT    SPRINGS,    see  Virginia,  mineral  wa- 
rers  of. 

HOUBLON,  Humulus  lupulus. 
HOUGH,  Poples. 

HOUNDS'  TONGUE,  Cynoglossum. 
HOUPPE  NERVEUSE,  see  Papilla  — i^..  du 
Menton,  Depressor  labii  inferioris.  Levator  lahii 
inferioris. 

HOURGLASS    CONTRACTION    OP    THE 
UTERUS,  see  Chaton. 

HOUSELEEK,   Sempervivum  teetorum  —  h. 
Small,  Sedum. 

HOUSEMAID'S    KNEE,   see   Knee,    house- 
maid's. 

HOUSE-PUPIL,  see  House-Surgeon. 
HOUSE-SURGEON,  Resident  Surgeon.  Usu- 
ally a  senior  house-pupU  or  graduate,  who  attends 
in  an  hospital,  to  every  accident  and  disease,  in 
the  absence  of  the  attending  physician  or  sur- 
geon.^ It  answers,  in  the  British  hospitals,  to 
the  Eleve  interne  or  Interne  of  the  French.  The 
Elive  externe  or  Externe  is  a  less  advanced  pu- 
pil;  from  whom  ^/jifernes  are  chosen.  In  ordi- 
dinary  school,?,  Eleve  externe  means  a  day-scho- 
lar :  whilst  EUve  interne  means  a  boarder.      • 


HOTJX,  Hex  aquifolium  —  %.  Petit,  Ruscus  — 
7s.  ApalncMne,  Ilex  vomitoria. 

liUACACACHU,  Datura  sanguinea. 

HUACO,  Guaco. 

HUANU,  Guano. 

HUCKLEBERRIES,  see  Gaylussacia,  ami 
Vaccinium. 

HUCKLEBONE,  Isehion. 

HUDSON'S  PRESERVATIVE  FOR  THE 
TEETH  AND  GUMS,  see  Tinotura  Myrrhte. 

HUILE,  Oil — h.  d' Absinthe,  Artemisia  absin- 
thium (oil  of)  —  h.  d' Acajou,  see  Anacardium 
occidentale. 

EVILE  ACOVSTIQVE  (F.),  Olevm  acns'ti- 
cnm,  Acoustic  oil.  An  oil  for  deafness,  prepared 
of  olive  oil,  §ij ;  garlic,  ox-gall,  and  hay  leaves, 
each  ^j ;  boiled  for  a  quarter  of  an  hour,  and 
strained. 

HUILE  D'AIIANDES,  Oleum  amygdalarum 

—  h.  d'Aneth,  see  Anethum  graveolcns  —  7/..  Ani- 
mate, Oleum  animale  —  h.  Animale  de  Ui'jipel, 
Oleum  animale  Dippelii  —  h.  Animalisee  par  in- 
fusion, Oleum  animalizatum  per  infusionem  —  h. 
d'Anis,  see  Pimpinella  anisum  —  h.  Aromatiqne, 
Oleum  animalizatum  per  infusionem  —  h,  d'Au- 
rone,  Artemisia  abrotanum  (oil  of) — h.  de  Cacao, 
Butter  of  cacao  —  h.  de  Cade,  see  Juniperus  oxy- 
cedrus  —  h.  de  Carvi,  Carum  (oil)  —  Ti.  de  Cedrat, 
Oleum  cedrinum  —  h.  de  petits  Chiens,  Oleum 
animalizatum  per  infusionem  —  7i.  de  Come  de 
Cerf,  Oleum  animale  Dippelii — Ji.  de  Foie  de  Mo- 
rue,  Oleum  Jecoris  aselli  —  h.  de  Gahian,  Petro- 
Iseum  —  h.  de  Gerofle,  see  Eugenia  caryophyllata 

—  h.  de  Laurier,  Unguentum  laurinuui  —  Ti.  de 
Lin,  see  Linum  usitatissimum  —  h.  de  Lis,  see 
Lilium  candidum  —  h.  de  Morelle,  see  Solanum — 
h.  de  Morue,  Oleum  jecinoris  aselli — 7i.  de  Koix, 
see  Juglans  cinerea  —  h.  d'CEillette,  Papaver 
(oil) — h.  de  Ricin,  see  Ricinus  communis  —  h.  de 
Succin,  see  Succinum  —  li.  Verte,  Balsam,  green, 
of  Metz — Ji.  de  Vin  douce.  Oleum  a3thereum. 

HUILES  ANIMALES,  Olea  auimalia  — A 
Emp)yreumatiqiies,  Olea  empyreumatica — li.  Es- 
sentielles,  Olea  volatilia  —  h.  Fixes  ou  Grasses 
Olea  fixa  —  h.  Fugaees,  Olea  fugacia  —  A.  Medi 
cinales,  Olea  medicinalia  —  h.  Volatiles,  Olea  vo 
latilia. 

HUIT  BE  CEIFFRE.  Figure  of  8.  A  Van. 
dage  in  which  the  turns  are  crossed  in  the  iorry 
of  the  figure  8.  Such  is  the  bandage  used  ai^t,' 
bleeding  from  the  arm. 

HUITO,  Genipa  oblongifolia. 

IIUITRE,  Ostrea. 

HUM,  VENOUS,  Bruit  de  dialU, 

HUMBLE,  Rectus  inferior  ocnli. 

HUMECTAN'TIA.  A  name  fume/ir  giirtw 
to  drinks,  which  appeared  to  pos^ictj  t^e  ^r'^jcr'^^ 
of  augmenting  the  fluidvty  of  ths  b'.oo  J. 

HU'MERAL,  HumeraUd.  That  which  belongs 
to,  or  is  connected  witt,  cLj  arm  or  humerus. 

Hu'meral  Ar'tery,  Arte'ria  humera'lis,  see 
Brachial  artery. 

HUMERO-CUBITAL,  Brachialis  anterior  — 
7i.  Sus-metacarpien,  see  Radialis  —  h.  Sus-radial, 
Supinator  radii  longus. 

^HU'MERUS,  Sca'pula,  Omos,  A^mvSj  (-F.) 
Epaule.  The  most  elevated  part  of  Sbe  arm. 
The  bones,  which  concur  in  forming  it,  are :  — • 
the  scapula,  head  of  the  humerus,  and  the  clavi- 
cle, united  together  by  strong  ligaments,  and  co- 
vered by  numerous  muscles. 

Hc'mertjs,  Os  ku'mei-i,  Os  hrn'cTiii,  Os  adj'u- 
to'rium.,  Os  brachia'le,  Bra'chiuni,  Lacer'tus,  is 
the  cylindrical,  irregular  bone  (jf  the  arm  ;  tho 
upperextremityof  which  has  a  hemispherical  head 
connected  with  the  scai^ula;  and  two  ivherosinei> 
or  tubercles,  a  greater  and  lesiet,  for  the  attach- 


EU3IEUR 


446 


HYALOID 


ment  of  muscles,  between  whicli  is  the  Brcip'ital 
uroove  or  Fossa.  At  the  inferior  extremity  may 
be  remarked  —  the  inner  condyle,  the  outer  con- 
fJj/le;  the  small  head,  which  is  articulated  with 
the  radius :  the  trochlea  articulated  with  the  ulna, 
<fec.  The  humerus  is  developed  by  seven  points 
of  ossification  :  —  one  for  the  body  ;  one  for  the 
head;  one  for  the  greater  tuberosity ;  one  for  the 
trochlea;  one  for  the  epitrochlea;  one  for  the  epi- 
<!ondyle;  and  another  for  the  lesser  head. 

Humerus  Summus,  Acromion. 

HUMEUR  AQUEUSE,  Aqueous  humour  — 
li.  Crystalline,  Crystalline  —  h.  Hyalo'ide,  Corpus 
vitreum. 

HUMEURS  FROIDES,  Scrofula. 

BUM  IDE  RAD  fC ALE,  Humidum  radicale. 

HUMIDUxM  XATIVUM,  H.  radicale— h.  Na- 
livum  Articulorum,  Synovia — h.  Primigenium, 
H.  radicale. 

Hu'midum  Radica'le,  JTu'midnm primi'ge'ninm 
ECU  Nati'vnm  seu  Semina'le,  Radical  Moisture, 
(F.)  Humide  radicale.  Names  formerly  given  to 
the  liquid  which  was  conceived  to  give  flexibility 
and  proper  consistence  to  the  different  organic 
textures.  < 

Humidum  Seminale,  H.  radicale. 

HUMILIS,  Rectus  inferior  oeuli. 

HUMILDS,  Humulus  lupulus. 

HUMOR,  Humour — h.  Albugineous,  Aqueous 
humour — h.  Articularis,  Synovia — h.  Ceruminous, 
Cerumen  —  h.  Doridis,  Water,  sea — h.  Genitalis, 
Sperm — h.  Glacialis,  Crystalline,  Corpus  vitreum 
—  h.  H3'alinus  seu  Hyaloides,  Corpus  vitreum  — 
h.  Lacteus,  Milk — h.  Lachrjmalis,  Tear — h.  Me- 
laneholicus,  see  Mercurialis  —  h.  Mercurialis,  see 
Mercurialis — h.  Morgagnianus,  Morgagni,  humor 
of — h.  Ovatus,  Aqueous  humour  —  h.  Oviformis, 
Aqueous  humour — h.  Pericardii,  see  Pericardium 
— h.  Purulentus,  Pus  —  h.  Seminalis,  Sperm — h. 
Venerens,  Sperm  —  h.  Vitreus,  Corpus  vitreum. 

HU'MOPiAL,  Humora'lis,  from  hnmere,  'to 
moisten.'  Proceeding  from,  or  connected  with, 
the  humours. 

HU'MORISM,  Hu'moral  PatTioVogy,  PatTio- 
log"ia  humera'lis.  A  medical  theory,  founded 
exclusively  on  the  parts  which  the  humours  were 
considered  to  play  in  the  production  of  disease. 
Although  traces  of  this  system  may  be  found  in 
the  most  remote  antiquity,  the  creation,  or,  at  all 
events,  the  arrangement  of  it  may  be  attributed 
to  Galen,  who  enveloped  it  in  metaphysical  sub- 
tleties relating  to  the  union  between  the  elements 
and  the  four  cardinal  humours. 

HU'MORISTS.  The  Galenical  physicians,  who 
attributed  all  diseases  to  the  depraved  state  of  the 
humours,  or  to  vicious  juices  collected  in  the  body. 

HUMOCJR,  Humor,  Hyr/ra'aia,  Hygre'don, 
Hygriim.  Every  fluid  substance  of  an  organized 
body ;  —  as  the  blood,  chyle,  lymph,  &c.  The 
Humours,  ;\;t);/oi,  Chynii,  Humo'res,  differ  consi- 
derably as  to  number  and  quality  in  the  different 
species  of  organized  beings ;  and  even  in  the 
game  species,  according  to  the  state  of  health  or 
disease.  The  ancients  reduced  them  to  four ; 
which  they  called  car'dinal  humours : — the  blood, 
j)hlegm,  yellow  bile,  and  atrabilis  or  black  bile. 
A  modern  classification  of  the  humours  is  given 
under  Fluid. 

HUMP.  Perhaps  from  umbo,  '  the  boss  of  a 
buckler.'  Hunch,  Gibber,  Gibbns,  Gibba,  Tuber, 
(F.)  Bosse.  A  prominence,  formed  by  a  devia- 
tion of  the  hones  of  the  trunk.  Commonly,  it  is 
formed  by  the  spine  or  sternum,  and  is  seated  at 
the  posterior  or  anterior  part  of  the  trunk.  It 
may,  also,  be  produced  by  deviation  of  the  ribs 
or  pelvis.  The  spine  may  be  curved  in  three 
princip.al  directions.  1.  Backwards,  the  most 
c<immon  case;  this  the  ancients  called  kvijiuiqls, 


Cypho'sis,  Giblos'itas.  2.  Foricards,  Xopiuxrti,  Lor- 
do'sis,  Recurva' tio ;  and,  3.  Laterally,  (r/coXtuxrif, 
ticolio'sis,  Obstipa'tio.  Most  curvatures  occur  at 
a  very  early  age,  and  are  caused  by  scrofula, 
rickets,  &c.  ;  and,  not  unfrequently,  they  are 
accompanied  by  caries  of  the  vertebrae.  See  Ver- 
tebral disease. 

HU'MULUS  LU'PULUS,  Lu'pxdus,  L.  scan- 
dens  seu  commu'nis  seu  salicta'rius,  Hnniulus,  Con- 
vol'vulus  peren'nis,  the  Hop-plant.  Nat.  Ord.  Ur- 
ticeffi.  (F.)  Honblon,  Viyne  du  nord.  Its  cones 
or  strobiles,  Hu'muli  strob'ili  (Ph.  L.),  Humulus 
(Ph.  U.  S.),  have  a  fragrant  odour;  and  a  bitter, 
aromatic  taste,  depending  on  a  peculiar  principle, 
named  Lu'pnlin,  extractive  and  essential  oil, 
which  may  be  extracted,  equally,  by  water  and 
spirit,  from  the  dried  strobiles.  The  hop  is  em- 
ployed as  a  tonic  and  hypnotic,  and  enters  into 
the  composition  of  ale  and  beer. 

The  IIop  pillow,  Pulvi'nar  Hu'muli,  has  long 
been  used  for  producing  sleep. 

HUNCH,  Hump. 

HUNGARICA  FERRIS,  Fever,  Hungary. 

HUNGER,  Anglo-Saxon,  hunger.  Fames,  Li- 
mos.  Peine,  Peina,  Esu'ries,  Jeju'nium,  Jeju'iiitas, 
Esurit"io,  Eiuri'fjo,  (F.)  Faiin.  The  necessity 
for  taking  food.  Hunger  is  an  internal  sensation, 
which  some  authors  have  attributed  to  the  fric- 
tion between  the  sides  of  the  stomach  in  its 
empty  state ;  others,  to  the  compression  of  the 
nerves,  when  the  organ  is  contracted ;  others,  to 
the  action  of  the  gastric  juice,  &c.  It  is  dictated 
by  the  wants  of  the  system:  —  farther  we  know 
not.     See  Appetite. 

HUNGER-CURE,  Limotherapeia. 

HUNGPtY,  Famel'icus,  Li'micus,  Limo'dea ; 
same  etymon.     Affected  with  hunger. 

HURA  RRASILIEN'SIS,  Assacon,  Assncii, 
Ussacii.  A  Brazilian  tree,  of  the  Family  Euphor- 
biacea3,  which,  in  the  form  of  the  extract  of  the 
bark,  is  esteemed  a  specific  in  leprosy.  It  is, 
also,  given  in  elephantiasis,  and  as  an  anthel- 
mintic. 

HYACINTH,  WILD,  Seilla  esculenta. 

HYACINTHUS  MUSCARI,  Bulbus  Tomi- 
torius. 

HY^NAN'CHE  GLOBO'SA.  An  arborescent 
shrub  of  South  Africa,  A^at.  Ord.  Euphorbiaceae, 
the  fruit  of  which,  pounded,  is  used  to  destroy 
hyasnas  and  other  beasts  of  prey,  and  seems  to 
contain  strvchnia. 

HYALEUS,  Hyaline. 

HY'ALINE,  Hyali'nns,  Hyale'ue,  Vit'reus^ 
Vit'reous.     Glassy.     Resembling  glass. 

Hyaline  Substance,  Cytoblastema. 

HYALI'TIS,  In/tamma'tio  tu'nicce  hyalo'idecE, 
from  hyaloid,  and  itis,  denoting  inflammation. 
Inflammation  of  the  hyaloid  membrane  of  the  eye. 

HY'ALOID,  Hyalo' des,  HyaloV des,  from  'vaXo^, 
'glass,'  and  nioi,  'resemblance.'  Vitriform;  re- 
sembling glass. 

Hyaloid  Canal,  see  Hyaloid  membrane. 

Hyaloid  Fossa,  Fossa  Hyalo'idea,  is  a  cup- 
like excavation  in  the  vitreous  humour,  in  which 
the  crystalline  is  imbedded. 

Hy'aloid  Membrane,  Tu'nica  Hynloiden,Mem- 
bra'na  Arachnoi'dea,  T.  vit'rca,  is  the  extremely 
delicate  membrane,  which  forms  the  exterior  co- 
vering of  the  vitreous  humour,  and  trnnsmits 
within  it  prolongations,  which  divide  it  into  cells. 
Fallopius  discovered  this  membrane,  and  pave  it 
the  name  Hyaloid.  On  a  level  with  the  entrance 
of  the  optic  nerve  into  the  eye,  the  hyiiloid 
membrane  has  been  described  as  forming,  by  re- 
flection, a  cylindrical  canal,  which  ]iierccs  the 
vitreous  humour  from  behind  to  before,  ns  far  as 
the  pnnterior  part  of  the  crystalline.  See  Cnual, 
liyaloid 


HYALONIXIS 


447 


HTDRARGYKI 


HYALONIXIS,  see  Cateract. 

HYALONYXIS,  see  Cataract. 

HYALOS,  Vitriim. 

HYANCHE,  Cynanclie  tonsillaris. 

HYBOMA,  Gibbositas. 

HYBRID,  (F.)  Hijhride,  from  the  Greek,  'v(ipi?, 
'v0piSos,  '  mongrel.'  A  being  born  of  two  differ- 
ent species,  —  as  the  mule.  The  term  is  applied 
to  plants  as  well  as  to  animals.  The  result  is 
termed  Rijhridity.  Hybrid  is  often,  also,  used  to 
designate  words  which  are  formed  from  two  dif- 
ferent languages,  —  as  uter-iVts,  for  inflammation 
of  the  uterus,  in  place  of  metritis. 

HYBRIDITY,  see  Hybrid. 

HYDARTHROSIS,  Hydrarthrus. 

HYDARTHRUS,  Hydrarthrus. 

HY'DATID,  Hy'datis,  Bulla,  Aqu'ula,  Hij- 
dro'a,  Hydrocys'tis,  Hygrocys'tis,  Taenia  liyda- 
tig"ena,  Echinocoo'eushuma'miSjixoTa  't^cup,  'wa- 
ter.' This  name  was  long  given  to  every  en- 
cysted tumour  which  contained  an  aqueous  and 
transparent  fluid.  Many  pathologists,  subse- 
quently, applied  it  to  vesicles,  softer  than  the 
tissue  of  membranes,  more  or  less  transparent, 
which  are  developed  within  organs,  but  without 
adhering  to  their  tissue.  It  is  by  no  means  clear 
that  these  formations  are  really  entozoa.  They 
have  been  found  in  various  parts  of  the  body; 
sometimes  in  the  uterus,  occasioning  signs  nearly 
similar  to  those  of  pregnancy,  but  being  sooner 
or  later  expelled.  The  expulsion  is  generally  at- 
tended with  more  or  less  hemorrhage.  See  Ace- 
phalocystis. 

Hydatis,  Aqu'ida,  PJdyctce'nula,  Yerrii'ca  Pal- 
jjehra'rum,  ililitim,  also,  meant  a  small,  transpa- 
rent tumour  of  the  eyelids. — Galen,  C.  Hoffmann. 

HYDATIDES  CERVICIS  UTERI,  Nabothi 
glandulse. 

HYDATIDOCE'LB,  Hydatoee'le,  from  'v&ariq, 
'hydatid,'  and  Kri\-n,  'a  tumour.'  Oscheocele 
containing  hydatids  ;  the  Oscheoee'le  Jiydatido'sa, 
Ifydatidoscheoce'le  of  Sauvagcs. 

HYDATIDOIDES,  Hydatoid. 

HYDATIDO'MA,  from  'vSart;,  'hydatid.'  A 
tumour  caused  by  hydatids. 

HYDATIDOSCHEOCELB,  Hydatidocele. 

HYDATINUS,  Hydatoid. 

HYDATIS  FINNA,  Cysticereus  cellulosje. 

HYDATIS'MUS,  from  'v6uip,  'water.'  The 
noise  caused  by  the  fluctuation  of  pus  contained 
in  an  abscess. — Aurelian,  Foesius. 

HYDATOCELE  Hydatidocele,  Hydrocele. 

HYDATOCH'OLOS,  from  'vSwp,  'water,'  and 
j^oXi?,  '  bile.'  Aquoso-bilious.  An  epithet  given 
to  evacuated  matters  when  mixed  with  water  and 
bile. — Hippocrates,  Foesius. 

HYDATODES,  Aqueous. 

HY'DATOID,  HydatoVdes,  A'queom,  Aqvo'- 
BUS,  Hydnto'des,  Ilydat'inus,  Hydatido'des,  Hy- 
datido'i'des,  from  'u5a)p,  'water,'  and  ti^os,  're- 
semblance.' "Watery.  Resembling  water.  This 
name  has  been  given  to  the  membrane  of  the 
aqueous  humour ;  and,  also,  to  the  aqueous  hu- 
mour itself.      Vinum  hydato'des  ;  wine  and  water. 

HYDATONCUS,  Anasarca,  (Edema. 

HYDATOPO'SIA,  from  'v6(,>p,  'water,'  and 
voaig,  'drinking.      Water-drinking; — hence 

HYDATOP'OTES.     A  water-drinker, 

HYDERICITS,  Hydropic. 

HYDERODES,  Hydropic. 

HYDERONCUS,  Anasarca,  (Edema. 

HYDEROS,  Anasarca,  Hydrops. 

IIYDOR,  't)(5(i)f),  and  Hydas,  'vSas,  'genitive,' 
'viarog,  '  water.'     Hence  : 

HYDRACHNIS,  see  Varicella. 

H YD  R ADEN,  Conglobate  gland. 


llYBn  ADIl'Nl"IlS,Tnflainma'tio(/landula'ntm 
lymphatica'rnm,  from  Hydraden,  'a  lymphatic 
gland,'  and  itis,  denoting  inflammation.  Inflam- 
mation of  a  lymphatic  gland. 

HYDR^'DUS,  from  'viup,  'water,'  and  awoia, 
'genital  organs.'     (Edema  of  the  female  organs. 

HYDRiEMIA,  Hydrosemia. 

HYDRAGOGA,  Hydragogues. 

HYDRAGOGIA,  Hydragogues. 

HYDRAGOGICA,  Hydragogues. 

HY'DRAGOGUES,  Hydraf/o'ga.  Hydrago'gia, 
Hydrngo'gica,  Jlydrop'ica,  Hydrot' ica,  Aqnidii'- 
cn,  from  'v6wp,  '  water,'  and  ayui,  '  I  expel.'  Me- 
dicines believed  to  be  capable  of  expelling  serum 
efiused  into  any  pai't  of  the  body.  These  are 
generally  cathartics  or  diuretics. 

HYDRAGOGUM  BOYLEI,  Argenti  nitras. 

HYDRALLANTE,  False  Waters. 

IIYDRALM^,  Waters,  mineral  (saline). 

HYDRAM'NIOS,  from  'u^wp,  'water,'  and 
'amnios.'  An  excessive  quantity  of  the  liquor 
amnii. 

HYDRAN'GEA  ARBORES'CENS,  Wild  By. 
dran'gea,  Bissurn.  An  indigenous  plant,  which 
flowers  in  July.  The  leaves  are  said  to  be  tonic, 
sialagogue,  cathartic,  and  diuretic. 

HYDRANGEITIS,  Angeioleucitis. 

HYDRANGIA,  Lymphatic  vessels. 

HYDRANGIOGRAPHIA,  Angeiohydrogra- 
phy. 

HYDRANGIOTOMIA,  Angeiohydrotomy. 

HYDRARGYRANATRIP'SIS,  Hydrargyren- 
trip'sia,  from  'vhpapyvpog,  'quicksilver,'  and  ava- 
roixiif,  'rubbing  in.'  The  rubbing  in  of  a  prepa- 
ration of  quicksilver  : — Hydrargyrotrip'sis. 

HYDRARGYRENTRIPSIS,  Hydrargyrana- 
tripsis. 

HYDRARGYRI  ACETAS,  Hydrargyrus  ace- 
tatus — h.  Biehloridum,  H.  oxymurias — h.  Bicya- 
nidum,  H.  cyanuretum — h.  Biniodidum,  H.  iodi- 
dum  rubrum^h.  Binoxydum,  H.  oxydum  rubrum 
— h.  Bisulphuretum,  H.  sulphuretum  rubrum — h. 
Borussias,  H.  cyanuretum  —  h.  Bromidum,  see 
Bromine  —  h.  Calx  alba,  Hydrargyrum  prfccipi- 
tatum — h.  Chloridum,  H.  submurias — h.  Chlori- 
dum  corrosivum,  H.  Oxymurias  —  h.  Chloridum 
mite,  H.  submurias. 

Hydrar'gyri  Ctanure'tttm,  H.  Borvs'sias,  H. 
Bicyan'idum,  Hydrar'gyruni  Cyanogena'tiim,  H. 
Hydrocyan'icum,  Prussias  Hydrar'gyri,  Cyan'u- 
ret  or  Pruseiate  of  Mercury,  (F.)  Cyanure  de  Mer- 
cure.  (Ferri Ferro-cyanuret.^iY ;  Hydrarg.oxid. 
rubr.  §iij,  vel  q.  s. ;  Aquce  destillat.  Oiij.  Put 
the  ferro-cyanuret  and  three  ounces  of  the  oxide 
of  mercury,  previously  powdered  and  thoroughly 
mixed  together,  into  a  glass  vessel,  and  pour  on 
two  pints  of  the  distilled  water.  Boil  the  mix- 
ture, stirring  constantly;  and  if,  at  the  end  of 
half  an  hour,  the  blue  color  remains,  add  small 
portions  of  the  oxide  of  mercury,  continuing  the 
ebullition  until  the  mixture  becomes  of  a  yellow- 
ish colour;  then  filter  through  paper.  Wash  the 
residue  in  a  pint  of  the  distilled  water,  and  filter. 
Mix  the  solution  and  evaporate  till  a  pellicle  ap- 
pears, and  set  the  liquor  aside,  that  crystals  may 
foi-m.  To  purify  the  crystals,  subject  it  to  re- 
solution, evaporation,  and  crystallization.  —  Ph. 
U.  S.)  This  preparation  has  been  strongly  re- 
commended as  a  powerful  antisyphilitic,  and  is 
admitted  into  the  Parisian  codex.  Twelve  to 
twenty-four  grains  may  be  dissolved  in  a  quart 
of  distilled  water,  and  three  or  four  spoonfuls  of 
the  solution  be  taken  daily,  in  a  glass  of  any  ap- 
propriate liquid. 

Hydrargtri  Deuto-iodidum,  H.  lodidum  ru- 
brum. 


HYDRARGYRI 


44S 


HTDRARGYRT 


Htdtiakgyri  Deuto-ioduretu.u,  see  Iodine — 
b.  Ilyperosodes,  Ilydrargj'i'i  nitrico-oxydum. 

IIvDRARGyRi  Iod'ibum,  H.  Protoiod' idum  seu 
Proto-iodure'tum  scu  Suhiod' idum,  Hydror'ciy- 
rum  loda'tam  flavum,  lod'idum  seu  lodure'tum 
}tydrar<jijro  'sum,  Hydrar  'gyrum  iodidula  'turn, 
Proto'iodare'tum  incrcu'rii,  I'odide  or  Proti'odide 
of  Mercury,  (P.)  Protiodure  de  3Iercure,  {Hy- 
drarg.  ^j,  lodin.  ^v.  Alcohol  q.  s.  Rub  tlie  mer- 
cury and  iodine  together,  adding  suifieieut  alco- 
hol to  form  a  soft  paste,  and  continue  the  tritura- 
tion till  the  globules  disa23pear.  Dry  the  iodide 
in  the  dark,  with  a  gentle  heat,  and  keepi  it  in  a 
well-stopped  bottle,  the  light  excluded.  —  Ph.  U. 
S.)     Eor  properties  and  doses,  see  Iodine. 

Hydiiargvri,  Iodiduji  Chloridi,  Mercury, 
iodide  of  chloride  of. 

HyDRARGYRI  lODIDTJir  RUBRUM,  H.  Biniod'- 
idura  seu  Deuto-iod'idum  seu  Deuto-iodure'tum 
seu  Period' idum,  Hydrarg'yrum  ioda'tum  rubrum 
seu  Biioda'tum  seu  Perioda'tum,  lode'tmn  seu 
lod'idum  JTydrargyr'icum,  Deuto-iodure' turn  mer- 
cu'rii,  Red  Podide,  Bini'odide,  Bcuti' odide  and 
Peri'odide  of  Mercury,  (F.)  Deutiodure  ou  Peri- 
odure  de  Mercure.  [Hydrarg.  corros.  chlorid.  gj, 
Potasaii  lodid.  ^x,  AqitcB  destillat.  Oij.  Dissolve 
the  chloride  in  a  pint  and  a  half,  and  the  iodide 
of  potassium  in  half  a  pint  of  distilled  water,  and 
mix  the  solutions.  Collect  the  precipitate  on  a 
filter,  and,  having  washed  it  with  distilled  water, 
dry  it  with  a  moderate  heat,  and  keep  it  in  a 
well-stopped  bottle. — Ph.  U.  S.)  For  properties 
and  doses,  see  Iodine. 

Hydrargyri  Mdrias  basi  Oxydi  imperpecti, 
n.  oxymurias — h.  Murias  corrosivum,  II.  oxj'mu- 
rias  —  h.  Murias  dulcis  sublimatus,  H.  submurias 
— h.  Oxygenatus,  H.  Oxymurias — h.  Murias  spi- 
rituosus  liquidus,  Liquor  hydrargyri  oxymui-iatis 
— h.  Murias  subosygenatus  prEecipdtatione  para- 
t»s,  Hydrargyrum  preeipitatum. 

Hydrargyri  K'itras,  Nitras  Hydrar'gyri  in 
crystallos  concre'tua,  Nitrate  of  M.ercury.  It  is 
employed  in  syphilis ;  and,  externally,  in  fun- 
gous, obstinate  ulcers. 

It  is  used  in  the  formation  of  the  Soluble  Ifer- 
eury  of  Hahnemann. 

An  acid  nitrate  of  mercury,  Liquor  Hydrar'- 
gyri sunernitra'tis,  Solution  of  supernitrate  of 
mercury,  Solution  of  supernitrate  of  deutoxide  of 
mercury,  made  by  dissolving  four  parts  oi  7nercury 
in  eight  of  nitric  acid,  and  evaporating  the  solu- 
tion to  nine  parts,  has  been  used  as  a  caustic  in 
malignant  ulcerations  and  cancerous  aflections. 

Ward's  White  Drops, — a  once  celebrated  anti- 
scorbutic nostrum, — were  prepared  by  dissolving 
mercury  in  nitric  acid,  and  adding  a  solution  of 
carbonate  of  ammonia  ;  or,  frequently,  they  con- 
sisted of  a  solution  of  sublimate  with  carbonate  of 
ammonia. 

Hydrargyri  Ni'trico-oxydum,  Hydrargyrus 
nitra'tus  ruber,  Mercu'riiis  corrosi'vus  ruber,  Mer- 
curius  prcBcipiita'tus  corrosi'vus,  M.  pracipita'tus 
ruber,  Arca'num  coralli'num,  Mercurius  coralli'- 
nus,  Pul'vis  prin'cip)i3,  PrcBcipita'tus  ruber,  Ox'- 
ydum  hydrar'gyri  comple'tum,  0.  hydra rgyr'icum, 
Panace'a  mercu'rii  rubra,  Pulvis  Joan'nis  de 
Vigo,  Oxo'des  hydrargyri  rubrum,  Hyperoxo' den 
hydrargyri,  Ox'ydumhydrar'gyri  nit'ricum,  Oxy- 
dumhydrargyri  rubrum  per  ac"idnmnil'ricv  m, Hy- 
drar'gyri oxydum  rubrum,  (Ph.  U.  S.)  Nitric  ox- 
ide of  mercury,  died  preci2yitatc,  (F.)  Oxide  ni- 
triaue  de  mercure.  (Hydrarg.  ^xxxvy,  Acid,  ni- 
tric, f^xviij;  AqucB  Oij.  Dissolve  the  mercury 
tvith  a  gentle  heat,  in  the  acid  and  water  pre- 
viously mixed,  and  evaporate  to  dryness.  Rub 
into  ])owder,  and  heat  in  a  very  shallow  vessel 
till  rod  vapours  cease  to  rise. — Ph.  U.  S.)  It  is 
a  stimulant  and  escharotic,  and  used  as  such  in  I 


foul  ulcers,  being  sprinkled  on  the  part  in  fine 
pjowder,  or  united  with  lard  into  an  ointment. 

Hydrargyri  Oxodes  Rubrum,  Hydrargyri 
nitrico-cxj'dum — h.  Oxydi  murias  ammoniaeali?. 
Hydrargyrum  preecipitatum  —  h.  Oxydulum  ni- 
grum, H.  Oxydum  cinereum. 

Hydrargyri  Oxydum  Cine'retjm,  Oxydum 
hydrargyri  nigrum,  JEthiopa  per  se,  Mercu'rius 
niger  Mosca'ti,  Oxydum,  hydrargyro' sum,  Oxydum 
hydrargyr'icum  pjr(jBcip)ita'ttmi,  Oxyd'uhim  hy- 
drar'gyri nigrum,  Ptdvia  mercuria'lis  cine'reus, 
3fercurius  cine'reus,  Turpe'thum  nigrum,  Mercu- 
rius prcBcipita'tus  niger.  Gray  or  Black  oxide  of 
Mercury,  (F.)  Oxide  de  mercure  ceiidre,  O.vide 
gris  ou  noir  de  mercure.  Protoxide  de  mercure. 
This  oxide  is  made  in  various  ways.  It  ma.y  be 
formed  by  boiling  submuriate  of  mercury  in  lime 
water.  The  dose  of  this  Pulvis  Hydrargyri  cine- 
reua  is  from  two  to  ten  grains.  There  are  four 
other  preparations  of  it  in  estimation,  viz :  — 
Plench's  solution,  made  hy  ruhbing  mercury  with 
mucilage.  2.  By  rubbing  equal  parts  of  sugar 
and  mercury  together.  3.  A  compound  of  honey 
or  liquorice  and  purified  mercury.  4.  The  blue 
pill  and  ointment.  All  these  possess  the  usual 
properties  of  mercury. 

The  Hydrargyri  Oxidum  Nigrum  of  the  Ph.  U. 
S.  is  made  as  follows  :  —  Hydrarg.  Chlorid.  mit., 
PofasacB,  aa  qIV,  AqucB  Oj.  Dissolve  the  potassa 
in  the  water,  allow  the  dregs  to  subside,  and  pour 
off  the  clear  solution.  To  this  add  the  chloride, 
and  stir  constantly  till  the  black  oxide  is  formed. 
Pour  off  the  supernatant  licjuor,  wash  the  black 
oxide  with  distilled  water,  and  dry  with  a  gentle 
heat.. 

The  Merciiriua  solu'bilis  of  Hahnemann  is 
formed  from  a  black  oxide  of  mercury.  It  is  the 
Mercurius  solu'bilis  Hahneman'ni  seu  oxydum  hy- 
drargyri nigri  median'te  ammo'nid  ex  pii'otoni- 
tra'te  hydrar'gyri  pircBci pita' turn.  It  is  used  in 
the  same  cases  as  the  Hydrargyri  oxydum  cine- 
reum. 

Hydrargyri  Oxydum  Nigrum,  H.  oxydum 
cinereum  —  h.  Oxydum  nigrum  mediante  ammo- 
nia et  protonitrate  hydrargyri  prascipitatum,  see 
H.  oxydum  cinereum — h.  Oxydum  nitricum,  Hy- 
drargyri nitrico-oxydum. 

Hydrargyri  Oxydum  Rubrum,  H.  Binox'y- 
dum,  Merciiriua  calcina.'tus,  Hydrar'gyrtia  calci- 
natus,  (F.)  Oxide  de  Mercure  rouge,  Red  oxide 
of  mcr'cury.  (Made  by  precipitation  from  a  so- 
lution of  bichloride  of  mercury  by  solution  of 
potassa.)     See  Hydrargyri  nitrico-oxydum. 

It  is  stimulant  and  escharotic;  and,  in  large 
doses,  emetic.  Owing  to  the  violence  of  its  ope- 
ration, it  is  seldom  given  internally. 

Hydrargyri  Oxydum  Rubrum  per  Aciduji 
Nitricum,  Hydrargyri  nitrico-oxydum — h.  Oxy, 
dura  saccharatum,  Hydrargarrum  saccharatum^ 
h.  Oxydum  sulphuricum,  Hydrargyrus  vitriolatus. 

Hydrargyri  Osymu'rias,  H.  Chlo'ridum  Cor- 
rosi'vum,  (Ph.  U.  S.)  H.  Bichlo'ridum,  Hydrar'- 
gyrus  mnria'tus,  Mu'rias  hydrargyri  corrosi'vus, 
Murias  hydrargyri  oxygena'tiw,  Sublima'tus  cor- 
rosivus,-  Mercurius  corrosivua,  Mercurius  corrosi- 
vus  sublima'tus,  Hydrargyri  permu'riaa.  Super- 
mu'rias  hydrargyri,  Murias  hydrargyri  basi  ox- 
ydi imperfec'ti,  Murias  hydrargyri  corrosivum, 
(F.)  Heutochlorure  de  mercure,  Bichloride  de  mer- 
cure, Jifuriate  oxygene  de  mercure,  Sublim^  corro- 
sif ;  Bichlo'ride  of  mercury,  Oxymuriate  of  mer- 
cury. Corrosive  sublimate,  Corrosive  muriate  of 
mercury.  (Hydrarg.  Ibij,  Acid.  Suljfhur.  ftiij, 
Sodii  Chlorid.  Ibiss.  Boil  the  mercury  with  the 
sulphuric  acid  until  the  sulphate  of  mercury  13 
left  dry.  Rub  this,  when  cold,  with  the  chlorido 
of  sodium,  in  an  earthenware  mortar;  then  sub- 
lime with  a  gradually  increasing  heat. — Ph.  U.  S.) 


HTDRAEGTRI 


449 


HYDRARGYRUM 


It  is  used  as  an  antisyphilitic  stimulant  in  vene- 
real complaints,  old  cutaneous  aflfections,  &c. 
Gr.  iij  to  Oj  of  water  is  a  good  gargle  in  venereal 
sore-throats,  or  an  injection  in  gonorrhoea.  Ex- 
ternally, it  is  applied  in  cases  of  tetter,  and  to 
destroy  fungus,  or  stimulate  old  ulcers.  Dose, 
gr.  1-16  to  gr.  1-8,  in  pill,  once  in  twenty-four 
hours.  "White  of  egg  is  the  best  antidote  to  it, 
when  taken  in  an  overdose. 

Hydrar'Jyri  PERiODiDTjjr,  H.  lodidum  rubrum 
— h.  Permurias,  Hydrargyri  oxymurias — h.  Pro- 
to-iodidum,  H.  lodidum — h.  Proto-ioduretum,  H. 
lodidum — h.  Proto-tartras,  H.  tartras — h.  Prus- 
sias,  H.  cyanuretum — h.  Saccharum  vermifugum. 
Hydrargyrum  saccharatum  —  h.  Subchloridum, 
II.  Submurias — h.  Subiodidum,  H.  lodidum. 

Htdrargyri  Submu'rias,  H.  Chlor'idum,  H. 
Subchlor'idum,  H.  Chlor'idum  mite  (Ph.  U.  S.), 
Caloni'elas,  Calom'eli,  Hydrar' gyrum  muriat'icum 
mite,  C.  Torqueti,  Draco  mitiga'tus,  Suhmu'rian 
hydrargyri  mitis,  jSabmu'rias  Hydrargyri  subli- 
ma'tum,  Mercu'rius  dulcis,  31.  dulcis  suhlima'ttis; 
—  when  precipitated,  If.  dulcis  jireeipita'tus, — 
Panace'a3fercuria' lis  {whan  nine  times  sublimed), 
dfiirias  hydrargyri  dulcis  sublima'tiis,  Mercurius 
stiblimatus  dulcis,  Mercu'rius  Zo'ticus  Hartmanni, 
Aq'uila,  Manila  Metallo'rimi,  Panchymago'gum 
miuera'le,  P.  Querccta'nus,  mild  Chloride,  proto- 
chloride,  submuriate,  svhchloride,  or  mild  Muriate 
of  Ifercury,  Oal'omel,  (F.)  3Iercure  donx,  Proto- 
vfilorure  de  mercure.  Mild  chloride  of  mercury 
is  thus  directed  to  be  prepared  in  the  Pharmaco- 
peia of  the  United  States: — Mercury,  Ibiv;  Sul- 
phuric Acid,  lb  iij  ;  Chloride  of  Sodium,  tbiss; 
Distilled  water,  a  sufficient  quantitj\  Boil  two 
pounds  of  the  mercury  with  the  sulphuric  acid, 
until  the  sulphate  of  mercury  is  left  dry.  Rub 
this,  when  cold,  with  the  remainder  of  the  mer- 
cury, in  an  earthenware  mortar,  until  they  are 
thoroughly  mixed.  Then  add  the  chloride  of 
sodium,  and  rub  it  with  the  other  ingredients  till 
all  the  globules  disappear:  afterwards  sublime. 
Pteduce  the  sublimed  matter  to  a  very  fine  pow- 
der, and  wash  it  frequently  with  boiling  distilled 
water,  till  the  washings  afford  no  precipitate  upon 
the  addition  of  liquid  ammonia ;  then  dry  it. 
Properties.  Antisyphilitic  and  sialagogue :  in 
large  doses,  purgative.  Dose : — one  or  two  grains 
given  at  night  gradually  excite  ptyalism.  Gr.  v 
to  XX,  purge.  Children  bear  larger  doses  than 
adults. 

The  Black  Wash,  Lo'tio  Hydrar'gyri  nigra, 
is  formed  of  calomel,  Jij  ;  Lime-water,  Oj.  Used 
for  syphilitic  sores. 

Hydrargyri  Submurias  AjiMONiATUir,  Hy- 
drargyrum prajcipitatum — h.  Subsulphas  flavus, 
Ilydrargyrus  vitriolatus  —  h.  Subsulphas  peroxi- 
dati,  Hydrargyrus  vitriolatus  —  h.  Sulphas,  Hy- 
drargyrus  vitriolatus,  H.  S.  flavus,  Hydrargyrus 
vitriolfitus. 

H's  T  RARGYRi  Sulphure'tum  Nigrum,  H.  eul- 
phurr'.'tum  cum  sul'phnre,  Hydrargyrus  vel  mer- 
curius cum  sul'phure,  ^thiops  minera'lis,  Hy- 
drargyrus e  sid'phure,  Pidvis  hypnot'icus,  jEthiops 
vnrcot'icus,  (F.)  Sulfure  de  mercure  noir,  Black 
sulphuret  of  mercury,  Sulphuret  of  mercury  with 
sulphur,  Ethiops  mineral.  (Hydrarg.,  Sulphur, 
yU  ft'j.  Rub  together  till  the  globules  disappear.) 
U.-ied  chiefly  in  scrofulous  and  cutaneous  affec- 
tions.    Dose,  gr.  x  to  ^ss. 

Hydrargyri  Sulphure'tum  Rubrum,  H.  Bi- 
tulpJinretuin,  Hydrargyrus  sulphura'tus  ruber, 
Min'ium purum,  Minium  Grmco'rum,  Magnes  Epi- 
lep'sim,  Ammion,  Purpuris'sum,  Cinnab'aris,  3Ier- 
eurius  Cinnabari'nus,  Cinab'aris,  Cinaba'rium, 
Biaulphuret  or  Red  Sulphuret  of  Mercury,  Cin'- 
nabar,  Vermil'ion,  (F.)  Sulphure  deMercure  rouge, 
Ginabre.  [Hydrarg.  "^xX;  Sulphur,  "xy'nj.  Mix 
29 


the  mercury  with  the  sulphur  melted  over  tlie 
fire ;  and  as  soon  as  the  mass  begins  to  swell  re- 
move the  vessel  from  the  fire,  and  cover  it  with 
considerable  force  to  prevent  combustion.  Rub 
the  mass  into  powder  and  sublime.     (Ph.  U.  S.) 

It  is  an  antisyphilitic,  but  is  chiefly  used  in 
fumigation  against  venereal  ulcers  of  the  nose, 
mouth,  and  throat; — ^ss,  being  thrown  on  a  red- 
hot  u-on.  This  preparation  is  the  basis  of  a  nos- 
trum, called  Boerhaave's  Bed  Pill. 

Hydrargyri  Supermurias,  H.  oxymurias. 

Hydrargyri  Tartras,  //.  Proto-tartras,  Tar- 
trate of  mercury.  Antisj'philitic.  Dose,  one  or 
two  grains  twice  a  day. 

Hydrargyri  et  Arsenici  Iodidum,  Arsenic 
and  Mercury,  iodide  of. 

Hydrar'gyri  et  Qui'ni^  Proto-chlo'ridum, 
Protoehloride  of  Mercury  and  Quinia.  A  com- 
bination of  mild  chloride  of  mercury  and  quinia, 
administered  in  obstinate  cutaneous  diseases. 

HYDRARGYRIA,  Eczema  mercuriale. 

HYDRARGYRI'ASIS,  Hydrargyro'sis,  Mer- 
curtails' mus,  from  'vSpapyvpos,  'mercury.'  A 
disease  induced  by  the  use  of  mercury ;  Morbun 
3Ier curia' lis.  Poisoning  by  mercury.  Eczema 
mercuriale. 

HYDRARGYRICUM,  Mercurial. 

HYDRARGYRIUM,  Mercurial. 

HYDRARGYROSIS,  Eczema  mercuriale,  Hy- 
drargyriasis. 

HYDRARGYRO-STOMATITIS,  see  Saliva- 
tion,  mercurial,  and  Stomatitis,  mercurial. 

HYDRARGYROTRIPSIS,  Hydrargyra- 
natripsis. 

HYDRAR'GYRUM,  Hydrar' gyrus,  from  'vh<^?, 
'  water,'  and  apyvpos,  '  silver ;'  Mercu'rius,  Argen- 
tum  vivnm,  A.  mo'bile,  A.  fusum,  A.  fugiti'mim, 
A.  liq'uidum,  Missadan,  Fumus  albus,  Area  arca- 
no'rum,  Dce'dalus,  Ifater  metallo'rum,  Mercury, 
Quicksilver,  (F.)  Mercure,  31.  cru,  Yif  Argent. 
A  fluid,  brilliant  metal ;  of  a  slightly  bluish  white 
colour ;  fluid  above — 39°  of  Fahr.  and  under  656°. 
S.  g.,  when  liquid,  13.568  (Cavendish) ;  easily 
oxydized.  Metallic  quicksilver  does  not  act  on 
the  body,  even  when  taken  into  the  stomach. 
When  oxydized  and  combined  with  acids,  it  acta- 
powerfully.  It  has  been  exhibited  in  cases  of 
constriction  of  the  bowels  and  in  intussusception, 
from  a  notion  that  it  must  certainly  pass  througli 
the  bowels  by  its  gravity.  The  water,  in  T?hicli 
mercury  has  been  boiled,  has  been  recommended 
as  a  vermifuge;  but  it  probably  enjoys  no  such 
property,  as  chemical  tests  do  not  exhibit  the 
presence  of  the  metal.  AVhen  the  crude  metal  is 
distilled  in  an  iron  retort,  it  forms  the  Hydrar'- 
gyrum  purifica'tum. 

Hydrargyrum  Ammoniato-Muriaticum,  H. 
prseeipitatum — h.  Biiodatum,  Hydrargyri  iodidum 
rubrum — h.  Biiodatum  cum  kalio  iodato,  Potassii 
hydrargyro-iodidum — h.  Cyanogenatum,  Hydrar- 
gyri cyanuretum. 

Hydrargyrum  cum  Greta  (Ph.  U.  S.),  Hy- 
drargyrus cum  oretd,  3fercurius  alkalisa'tus,  3ter- 
cury  with  chalk,  (F.)  3Iercure  auec  la  craie,  JE'thi- 
ops  nicalisa'tua.  (Hydrarg.  ^iij  ;  CretcB  prcBjM- 
rat.  §v.  Rub  them  together  till  the  globules 
disappear.  Ph.  U.  S.)  A  protoxide  of  mercury, 
formed  by  trituration  with  sarbonate  of  lime.  It 
is  somewhat  uncertain ;  and  consequently  not 
much  employed  as  x  inercurial.  It  possesses  the 
p^-operties  of  the  black  oxide  of  mercury,  and 
may  be  advantageously  exhibited  in  cases  of 
diarrhoea  in  children,  dependent  upon  acidity 
and  vitiated  secretions.  Dose,  gr.  v  to  ^ss,  twico 
a  day,  in  any  viscid  substance. 

Hydrargyrum  cum  Magne'sia  of  the  Dublin 
Pharmacopoeia  resembles  it  in  properties 


HYDRARGTRUS 


450 


HYDRENTEROMPHALOCELB 


Htdkargyrijm  HYDEOCYAmcTJM,  Hydrargyri 
cyanuretum — h.  lodatum,  Hydrargyri  iodidum — 
h.  lodatum  cum  chlorido  Mercurii,  Mercury,  io- 
dide of  chloride  of — h.  lodatum  flavum,  Hydrar- 
gyri iodidum — h.  lodatum  rubrum,  Hydrargyri 
iodidum  rubrum  —  h.  lodidulatum,  Hj'drargyri 
iodidum  —  li.  Muriaticum  Mite,  Hydrargyri  sub- 
murias — li.  Periodatum,  Hydrargyri  iodidum  ru- 
brum. 

Hydrargyruji  Pr^ecipita'tum,  H.  ammonia'- 
tum  (Ph.  U.  S.),  Hydrargyrum  ammonia' to-muri- 
at'icum,  Hydrar'yyri  ammo' nio-cliW ridum,  i[er- 
eurius  cosraet'ieus,  Ifti'riaa  oxidi  hydrargyri  um- 
rnoniaea'lis,  Suhmu' rias  ammoni' aco-Tiydrargyr' - 
icuB,  Calx  Hydrargyri  alba,  Suhmu'rias  Hydrar- 
gyri ammoniatu7n,  S.  H.  Prmci pita' turn,  Jlurias 
hydrargyri  suh-oxygena'tusprcBcipitatio'ne  jHira'- 
tus,  Prcecipita'tum  album,  Ammo'nio-chloride  of 
Mercury,  White  precip'itate  of  Mercury,  White 
precijyitate,  Culcina'tum  majus Pote'rii,  (F.)  Sous- 
muriate  de  merciire  p)recip)ite  ou  Precijnte  blanc. 
[Hydrarg.  chlorid.  corros.  ^vy,  aquce  destillat. 
cong.,  Liquor  ammonics,  f^viij.  Dissolve  the 
chloride  in  the  water,  with  the  aid  of  heat,  and 
to  the  solution,  when  cold,  add  the  solution  of 
ammonia,  frequently  stirring.  Wash  the  preci- 
pitate till  it  is  tasteless,  and  dry  it — Ph.  U.  S.) 

A  peroxide,  combined  with  muriatic  acid  and 
ammonia,  forming  a  triple  salt.  It  is  used  in 
powder,  to  destroy  vermin;  and,  united  with 
lard,  for  the  same  purpose,  as  well  as  in  scabies 
and  some  other  cutaneous  affections. 

Hydrargyrum  Sacchara'tum,  ^'thiops  sac- 
chara'tus,  Jlercu'rius  saccharn'tus,  Ox'idum  hy- 
drargyri sacchara'tum,  Sac'charum  hydrargyri 
vermif'ugum.  A  mild  mercurial  formula  in  seve- 
ral of  the  Pharmacopoeias  of  continental  Europe; 
formed  by  triturating  one  jiart  of  viercury  with 
two  of  tohite  sugar.  It  is  used  in  the  venereal 
affections  of  children. 

HYDRARGYRUS,  Hydrargyrum. 

HYDRARGYRtfS  Aceta'tds,  Si^erma  mercu'rii. 
Terra  folia' ta  mercurii,  Mercurius  aceta'tus,  Hy- 
drargyri Ace'tas,  Acetas  vel  Proto-ace' tas  Hy- 
drargyri, Ac"etate  of  mercury.  This  was  the 
basis  of  Keyser's  pills,  and  was  once  much  cele- 
brated in  the  cure  of  the  venereal  disease.  The 
dose  is  from  three  to  five  grains,  but  it  is  not 
much  used. 

The  formula  for  Keyser's  anti-venereal  pills 
■was  as  follows:  —  Hydrarg.  Acet.  §iv;  Manuce, 
^xxx;  Amyl.  ^ij  ;  Muc.  G.  Trag.  q.  s.  into  pills 
of  gr.  vj  each.     Dose,  two  pills. 

Hydrargyrtjs  Calcinatos,  Hydrargyri  oxy- 
dum  rubrum — h.  cum  Creta,  Hydrargyrum  cum 
creta  —  h.  Muriatis,  Hj'drargyri  oxymurias  —  h. 
Nitratus  ruber,  Hydrargyri  nitrieo-oxydum. 

HydRARGYRUS  PhOSPHORA'tuS,  Phosphuret'ted 
•mercury.  This  preparation  has  been  recom- 
■Tnended  in  cases  of  inveterate  venereal  ulcers, 
but  is  now  scarcely  used. 

Hydrargyrus  Sulphuratus  Ruber,  Hydrar- 
gyri sulx>huretura  rulirum  —  h.  cum  Sulphure, 
Hydrargyri  sulphuretum  nigrum  —  h.  e  Sulphure, 
Hydrargyri  sulphuretum  nigrum. 

Hydrargyrus  Vitriola'tus,  Turpe'thum  mi- 
nera'le,  Mercurius  emet'icus  flavus,  Calx  mercurii 
vitriola'ta,  Mercurius  eaus'ticus  flavun,  jlf.  lu'teus, 
Hydrargyri  sulphas,  H.  S.^flavus  (Ph.  U.  S.),  Sub- 
mdphas  Hydrargyri  flavus,  Oxydum  hydrargyri 
Bulphu'ricum,  Subsul'phns  hydrargyri pero.xida'ti, 
Turbith  miu'eral,  (F.)  Sous-sulf<tte  de  mercure  ou 
turbith  mineral.  {Hydrarg.  §iv;  Acid.  Sulpli. 
^vj.  Mix  in  a  glass  vessel,  and  boil  in  a  sand- 
bath  till  a  dry,  white  mass  remains.  Rub  this 
into  powder,  and  throw  it  into  boiling  water. 
Pour  off  the  liquor,  and  wash  the  yellow,  preci- 
pitated powder  repeatedly  with  hot  water;  then 


dry  it — Ph.  U.  S.)  Two  grains  of  this  mercurial 
act  on  the  stomach  violently.  It  is  sometimes 
recommended  as  an  errhine  in  amaurosis. 

HYDRA  RTHRON,  Hydrarthrus. 

HYDRARTHROS,  Hydrarthrus. 

HYDRARTHROSIS,  Hydrarthrus. 

HYDRAR'THRUS,  Hydarfhrus,  Hydrar'thrm 
synovia'lis,  Hydrops  articido'rum,  Hydrarthron-, 
Hydrar'thros,  Melice'ria,  Spina  vento'sa  of  Rhazes 
and  Avicenna,  Arthri'tis  Hydrar'thros,  Hydar- 
throsis,  Hydrarthro' sis,  Emmyx'ium  articula're, 
Tumor  albus.  White  svjelling  ;  from 'viiDp,  'water,' 
and  afi&pov,  'a  joint.'  (F.)  Tumeur  blanche,  T. 
lymphatique  des  articulations.  The  French  sur- 
geons apply  the  term  Hydrarthrus  to  dropsy  of 
the  articulations.  White  swelling  is  an  extremely 
formidable  disease.  It  may  attack  any  one  of 
the  joints  ;  but  is  most  commonly  met  with  in 
the  knee,  the  haunch,  the  foot,  the  elbow,  and 
generally  occurs  in  scrofulous  children.  It  con- 
sists, at  times,  in  tumefaction,  and  softening  of 
the  soft  parts  and  ligaments,  which  surround  the 
joints;  at  others,  in  swelling  and  caries  of  the 
articular  extremities  of  bones ;  or  both  these 
states  may  exist  at  the  same  time.  The  treat- 
ment consists  in  the  employment  of  counter-irri- 
tants ;  the  use  of  iodine  internally  and  externally, 
&c.     Also,  Synovia. 

HYDRASTIS  EXPAN'SA,  Great  freshwater 
Tortoise.  On  the  sandy  banks  of  rivers  in  Peru 
this  animal  buries  its  eggs,  from  which  the  Indians 
extract  oil.  Its  flesh  supplies  well-flavoured  food. 
—  Tschudi. 

HYDRASTIS,  H.  Canadensis. 

Hydras'tis  Canaden'sis,  Hydrastis,  Warnera 
Canaden'sis,  Hydro2ihyU' um  verum,  Yellow  Boot, 
Orange  Root,  Yellow  Puccoon,  Ground  Rasp'- 
herry,  Yellow  Paint,  Golden  Seal,  Jn'dian  Paint, 
Eyebalm.  It  is  used  in  Kentucky  as  a  'mouth 
water,'  and  as  an  outward  application  in  wounds 
and  local  inflammations. 

HYDREL^'ON,  HydroWum,  from  'u^wp, 
'  water,'  and  ikaiov,  '  oil.'  A  mixtm-e  of  wat€r 
and  oil. 

HYDRELYTRON,  see  Hydrocele, 

HYDREMA,  (Edema. 

HYDR  EN  CEPHALITIS,  Hydrocephalus  in- 
ternus. 

HYDRENCEPHALIUM,  Hydrocephalus  in- 
ternus. 

HYDRENCEPHALOCE '  Ll,  Hydrocephalo- 
ce'le,  from  'vSoip,  '  water,'  tyKeipaXog,  '  the  ence- 
phalon,'  and  KTi'Xr;,  'rupture,  protrusion.'  A  mon- 
strosity in  which  there  is  a  fissure  of  the  cranium, 
the  integument  of  the  head  being  present,  and 
forming  a  hernial  sac  in  which  the  brain  lies  out- 
side the  skull — -the  sac  containing  a  large  quan- 
tity of  serous  fluid.  Also,  Hydrocephalus  chro- 
nicus.  ' 

IIYDRENCEPHALON,  see  Hydrocephalus 
chronicus. 

IIYDRENCEPH'ALOID,  from  'v&tap,  'water,' 
cyKtipakos,  'the  brain,'  and  ti^oy,  'resemblance.' 
Resembling  hydrenceplialus.  Hydrenceph' aloid 
disease,  Spu'riot(s  hydroccph'alus,  Pscudo-ence- 
phali'tis..  Disorders  of  the  bowels,  and  exhaus- 
tion in  children,  are  at  times  attended  with  hy- 
drencephaloid  symptoms. 

HYDRENCEPHALUS,  Hydrocephalus  intcr- 
nus. 

IIYDRENTEROCE'LE,  from  'v.io>(,,  'water,' 
trrtpoi',  'intestine,'  and  KtiXrj,  'a  tumour.'  Intes- 
tinal hernia,  the  sac  of  which  cnclojics  fluid. 

HYDRENTEROMPHALOCE'LE,  Hydrente- 
rom'phidus,  from  'v^i^p,  'water,'  cvrtpov,  'intes- 
tine.' ojt<pa\ai,  'umbilicus,'  and  Kt]\ti,  'rupture.' 
Umbilical  hernia  with  intestine  and  water  in  the 


HYDRENTEROMPHALUS 


451 


HYDROCEPHALUS 


HYDRBNTEROMPHALUS,  Hydrenterom- 

phalocele. 

HYDREPIGASTRIUM,  see  Ascites. 

HYDREPIPLOCE'LB,  from  'vSo)p,  'water,' 
mnXoov,  'omentum/  and  /cj/Aj?,  'rupture.'  Omen- 
tal hernia,  with,  water  in  the  sac. 

HYD  R  E  P I P  LOM'PHALUS,  Hydrepiplom- 
phaloce'le,  from  'vSwp,  '  water,'  e-m-Xoov,  '  omen- 
tum,' and  ofiKpaXos,  'umbilicus.'  Umbilical  her- 
nia, with  omentum  and  water  in  the  sac. 

HYDRETRUM,  Ascites. 

HYDRIASrS,  Hydrosudotherapeia. 

HYDRIATER,  see  Hydropathic. 

HYD  RI ATRIA,  Hydrosudotherapeia. 

HYDRIATRICA  ARS,  Hydrosudotherapeia. 

HYDRIATRICUS,  see  Hydropathic. 

HYDRIATRUS,  see  Hydropathic. 

HYDRIODAS  KALIGUS,  see  Potasssa  hy- 
driodas. 

HYDRIODIC  ACID,  see  Acid,  hydriodic. 

HYDRO 'A,  Hidro'a,  Aqu'ula,  Boa,  Planta 
noctis,  from  'u^wp,  'water.'  An  affection,  which 
consists  in  an  accumulation  of  water  or  serous 
fluid  under  the  epidermis.  Some  have  used  hy- 
dro'a  synonymously  with  sudamina ;  others  with 
pemphigus.  In  the  first  case,  it  has  generally, 
however,  been  written  hidro'a,  from  'i6pwf, 
'sweat,'  and  in  the  latter  hydro' a.     See  Hydatid. 

HYDROJi'MIA, .fl'^cZrffi'mia/  from  'vSuip,  'wa- 
ter,' and  'ai//a,  'blood.'  Anaemia.  The  state  of 
the  blood  in  which  the  watery  constituents  are  in 
excess. 

HYDBOAER OPLE URIE,  Hydropneumo- 
thorax. 

HYDROA'RION,  HydrodpTi'oron,  HydroW- 
ritim,  Hydroova'rium,  Hy'drops  ova'rii,  Asei'tes 
ovarii,  A.  sacca'tus,  (F.)  Hydropisie  de  Vovaire, 
from  'v&iap, '  water,'  and  utapiov,  'ovarium.'  Dropsy 
of  the  ovarium. 

HYDROATA,  Sudamina. 

HYDROBLEPH'ARON,  Hy'drops  Pal'pehr<B, 
Blepharoede' ma  aquo'sum,  GEde'ma  palpebra'- 
rum.  An  oedema  or  watery  swelling  of  the  eye- 
lids ;  from  'vSwp,  'water,"  and  p\£(papov,  'eyelid.' 

HYDROCARDIA,  Hydropericardium,  see  Pe- 
ricardium. 

HYDROCATARRHOPHE  'SIS,  Hydrocatar- 
rhoph'ia,  from  'u^wp,  'water,'  and  KaTappo<peiv,  'to 
fiip  up.'     Absorption  of  water  from  without. 

HYDROCE'LE,  Hydrops  Scroti,  H.  testicuh'- 
rum,  Hydroscheoce'le,  Hydatoee'le,  Hydros'cheum, 
Hydror'chis,  Hydroscheonie,  (Alibert,)  from  'v6ii)p, 
'water,'  and  KrjXrj,  'a  tumour.'  A  term  gene- 
rally applied  to  a  collection  of  serous  fluid  in 
the  areolar  texture  of  the  scrotum  or  in  some 
of  the  coiferings,  either  of  the  testicle  or  sper- 
matic cord.'  To  the  first  of  these  varieties  the 
names  —  External  Hydrocele,  H.  oedemato'des, 
(F.)  H.  par  infiltration  have  been  given;  and  to 
the  second,  those  of  Hydroce'le  inter' na,  H.  tu'- 
nicce  vagina'lis  tes'tis,  Hydrel'ytron,  (F.)  H,  par 
epanchement.  When  the  collection  occurs  in  the 
envelope  of  the  testicle,  it  is  called  H.  of  the 
tunica  vaginalis,-  and  the  epithet  congenital  is 
added,  when  the  interior  of  the  membrane,  in 
which  it  is  situate,  still  communicates  freely  with 
the  cavity  of  the  abdomen.  When  it  exists  in  the 
spermatic  cord,  it  is  called  encysted,  or  diffused 
Hydrocele  of  the  spyermatic  cord,  as  the  case  may 
be.  The  tumour  of  the  distended  scrotum  is  ob- 
long :  greater  below  than  above ;  indolent  and 
semi-transparent.  When  it  becomes  inconve- 
niently large,  the  fluid  may  be  evacuated  by 
puncturing  with  a  trocar,  but,  as  it  collects 
again,  this  operation  can  only  be  considered 
palliative.  The  radical  cure  consists,  usually,  in 
injecting,  through  the  canula  of  the  trocar,  which 
has  been  left  in,  after  puncturing,  some  irritating 


liquid,  as  wine.  This  is  kept  in  the  tunica  vagi- 
nalis for  a  few  minutes,  and  then  withdrawn. 
The  coat  inflames;  adhesion  takes  place,  and  the 
cavity  is  obliterated. 

Hydrocele  op  the  Neck.  A  tumour,  filled 
with  a  watery  fluid,  occupying  some  portion  of 
the  neck. 

Hydrocele  PeeitonjEI,  Ascites  —  h.  Spinalis, 
Hydrorachis. 

HYDROCENO'SIS,  from  'w^top,  'water,'  ani 
Ktvuxsti,  '  evacuation.'  The  evacuation  of  water 
morbidly  accumulated  in  the  body. 

HYDROCEPHALE,  Hydrocephalus. 

HYBROCEPHALE  AIGUE,  Hydrocephalus 
internus. 

HYDROCEPHALITIS,  Hydrocephalus  inter- 
nus. 

HYDROCEPHALIUM,  Hydrocephalus. 

HYDROCEPHALOCELE,  Hydrencephalo- 
cele. 

H  YBR  0  CEP  HAL  OE  CTASIE,  Hydrocepha- 
lus chronicus. 

HYDROCEPH'ALUS,  Hydroceph'alvm,  Hy- 
drocra'nia,  Hydrocra  'nitim,  Hydrocejyhal'iiim, 
Hydroceph'ale,  Hydro]}s  Cap'itis,  H.  Cer'ebri, 
from  'vS<i)p,  '  water,'  and  Ke(pa\ij,  '  the  head.' 
Water  in  the  head,  Bropsy  of  the  head,  Bropay 
of  the  hrain.  A  collection  of  water  within  the 
head.     It  may  be  internal  or  external. 

Hydrocephalus  Acutus,  H.  internus  —  h. 
Acutus  senum.  Apoplexy,  serous — h.  Adnatus,  see 
H.  chronicus — h.  Congeuitus,  see  H.  chronicus — 
h.  Externus,  H.  chronicus  —  h.  Meningeus,  H. 
internus. 

Hydrocephalus  Chron'icus,  Hydrencepha- 
loce'le.  Hydrops  Cap'itis,  Hydrocephalus  exter- 
nus, (P.)  Hydrocephale,  Hyd rocepihaloectasie,  of 
some,  may  exist  at  birth.  Hydrencep>h' alon.  Hy- 
drocephalus congen'itus  seu  adna'tus  commonly 
commences  at  an  early  period  of  existence,  and 
the  accumulation  of  fluid  gradually  produces  dis- 
tension of  the  brain,  and  of  the  skull,  with  sepa- 
ration of  the  sutures.  It  commonly  proves  fatal 
before  puberty. 

Hydrocephalus  Externus,  QSde'ma  cap'itis, 
Ccphaloede' ma  of  some,  is  a  mere  infiltration  into 
the  subcutaneous  cellular  tissue  of  the  cranium. 

Hydrocephalus  Inter'nus,  Hydroceph'alus 
acu'tus,  H.  meninge' us.  Hydrops  cer'ebri,  Encc- 
phalal'gia  hydrop'ica,  Encephali'tis  exsudato' ria, 
Encephali'tis  seu  3feningi'tis  Infan'tum,  Morbus 
cerebra'lis  Whyt'tii,  En'tero-cephalop'yra  Infan'- 
tum, Hydrophlogo'sis  Ventriculo'rum  cer'ebri,  En- 
cephaloch'ysis,  Phrenic'ula  hydrocephal' ica,  Hy- 
drenceph'alus,  Hydrencephali' tis,  Hydrencephal' ~ 
ium,  Hydrocephali'tis,  Hydromeningi'tis,  Febris 
Hydrocephal' ica,  Apoplex'ia  hydrocephal' ica,  Ca- 
ms hydroceph'altis.  Water  Brain  Fever,  (F.)  Hy- 
droc&phale  aigue,  Fievre  cerebrale  des  Enfans,  is 
generally  seated,  according  to  modern  observers, 
in  the  meninges  and  surface  of  the  encephalon, 
and  is  a  tuber'cular  meningi'tis,  3/eningi'tis  tu- 
berculo'sa,  Encephalostrumo'sis,  (F.)  ileningite 
tuberculeuse  ou  granideuse.  It  is  observed  par- 
ticularly in  childhood.  Its  march  is  extremely 
acute  and  often  very  rapid;  admitting,  generally, 
however,  of  division  into  three  stages.  The  symp- 
toms oi  the  first  stage  are  those  of  general  febrile 
irritation,  with  head-ach,  intolerance  of  light  and 
sound,  delirium,  &c.  Those  of  the  second,  which 
generally  denote  that  the  inflammation  has  ended 
in  eifusion,  are,  great  slowness  of  pulse,  crying  out 
as  if  in  distress,  moaning,  dilated  pupil,  squint- 
ing, &c. ;  and  lastly,  in  the  third  stage  —  pro- 
found stupor,  paralysis,  convulsions,  involuntary 
evacuations,  quick  pulse,  and  frequently  death. 
The  disease  is  of  uncertain  duration;  sometimea, 


HYDROCHAMAIMELUM 


452 


HYDROGEN 


destroying  in  two  or  three  days ;  at  others,  ex- 
tending to  two  or  three  weeks.  The  prognosis 
is  unfavourable.  The  treatment  must  be  active 
during  the  stage  of  excitement,  —  precisely  that 
which  is  necessary  in  phrenitis.  In  the  second 
stage,  the  indication  is; — to  promote  the  absorp- 
tion of  the  effused  fluid.  This  must  be  done  by 
counter-irritants,  and  mercury,  chiefly.  On  dis- 
section, water  is  generally  found  in  the  ventricles, 
or  at  the  base  of  the  brain;  or  there  are  evidences 
of  previous  vascular  excitement,  as  effusions  of 
coagulable  lymph,  &c. 

Hydrocephalus  Spurius,  Hydrencephaloid, 
(disease.) 

HYDROCHAMAIMELUM,  Infusum  anthemi- 
dis. 
HYDROCHEZIA,  Diarrhoea  serosa. 
HYDRO  CHLORATE  B'OR,  see  Gold. 
HYDRO  CHLORINAS  NATRICUS,  Soda, 
muriate  of. 

HYDROCnOLECYSTIS,  Turgescentia  vesi- 
culse  fellese. 

HYDROCH'YSES,  (G.)  Hydrochysen,from 
'ucup,  '  water,'  and  %uc7if,  *  effusion.'  A  family  of 
diseases,  according  to  the  classification  of  Fuchs, 
in  which  there  is  a  sudden  effusion  of  serous  fluid, 
as  in  serous  apoplexy;  hydrocephalus,  &c. 

HYDROCIRSOCE'LE,    Hygrociraoce'le,  Hy- 
groce'le,  from  'I'^cop,  'water,'  xtpcog,  'varis,'  and 
Kri\ri,  'tumour.'     A  tumour,  formed  by  the  vari- 
cose distention  of  the  veins  of  the  spermatic  cord, 
and  by  the  accumulation  of  serous  fluid  in  the 
areolar  texture  of  the  scrotum. 
HYDROC(ELIA,_Ascites. 
HYDROCOT'YLE    CENTEL'LA.     A    South 
African  plant,  the  roots  and  stalks  of  which  are 
astringent:  and  used  in  diarrhoea  and  dysentery. 
Hydeocotylb  UMBELLATtrif,  Acaricoba. 
HYDRO  CRANIA,  Hydrocephalus. 
HYDRO  CRANIUM,  Hydrocephalus. 
IIYDROCRITHE,  Decoctum  Hordei. 
HYDRO CYAN'IC  ACID,  Ac"idum  Hydroey- 
an'icum  ;  from  'u^up,  '  water,'  and  Kvavo^,  '  blue.' 
Prussic  Acid,  Ac"idum  Prua'sicum,  A.  Borus'- 
sicum,  A.  Zoot'ieum,  A.  Zobtin'icum,  Cyanohy'- 
dric  Add,  Gyanhy'dric  Acid,  (F.)  Acide  Hydro- 
cyanique  ou  Prussique.     This   acid  exists  in  a 
great  variety  of  native  combinations  in  the  vege- 
table kingdom,  and  imparts  to  them  certain  pro- 
jjerties,  which  have  been  long  known  and  es- 
teemed; as  in  the  litter  almond,  Cherry  laurel, 
leaves  of  the  Peach  tree,  kernels  of  fruit,  pips  of 
apples,  &c.     When  concentrated,  it  is  liquid,  co- 
lourless, of  a  strong  smell  and  taste,  at  first  cool, 
afterwards  burning.     Its  s.  g.  at  7°  centigrade,  is 
0.7058.     It  is  very  volatile,  and  enters  into  ebul- 
lition at  80°  Fahr.     It  speedily  undergoes  de- 
composition, sometimes  in  less  than  an  hour,  and 
consists  of  a  peculiar  gazeous  and  highly  inflam- 
mable compound  of  carbon  and  azote,  to  which 
the  name  Cyan'ogen  has  been  assigned ;  and  of 
hydrogen,  which  acts  as  the  acidifying  principle: 
hence  its  name  Hydrocyanic  acid.     In  the  Phar- 
macopoeia of  the  United  States,  (1851,)  two  for- 
mulae for  the  preparation  of  the  Ac"iduni  hydro- 
ci/an'icuM  dilu'tum  —  Ac"idum  hydrocyan'icum. 
Ph.  U.  S.  of  1842  —  are  given ;  the  one  from  the 
Ferro-cyanuret  of  Potassium;  the  other  from  the 
Vyanuret  of  Stiver.     According  to  Magendie,  the 
acid,  prepared  after  Scheele's  method  —  the  one 
in  common  use — is  of  irregular  medicinal  power: 
he.   therefore,  recommends    Gay  Lussac's   acid, 
diluted  with  6  times  its  volume,  or  8.5  times  its 
weight  of  distilled  water,  for  medicinal  purposes, 
and  this  he  calls  JIedic"inal  Prussic  Acid.     Dr. 
Ure  has  proposed,  that  the  specific  gravity  should 
indicate  that  which  is  proper  for  medicinal  exhi- 
bition; and,  after  comparative  experiments  of  the 


gravity  of  the  acids,  obtained  by  different  pro- 
cesses, he  states,  that  the  acid,  usually  prescribed, 
is  of  s.  g.  0.996  or  0.997.  Great  caution  is,  how- 
ever, necessary.  One  drop  of  pure  prussic  acid 
may  instantly  destroy,  and  the  animal  show 
hardly  any  traces  of  irritability,  a  few  moments 
after  death.  It  has  been  advised  in  laryngeal 
phthisis,  in  pulmonary  phthisis,  pulmonary  in- 
flammation and  irritation,  dyspepsia,  uterine  affec- 
tions, hectic  cough,  cancer,  chronic  rheumatism, 
and  mania,  and  as  a  local  remedy  in  impetiginous 
affections ;  but,  although  possessed  of  powerful 
sedative  properties,  it  is  so  unmanageable  and 
the  preparation  so  uncertain,  that  it  is  not  much 
used.  The  JDose  of  Scheele's  Acid,  or  of  the  Me- 
dicinal Prussic  Acid,  is  from  a  quarter  of  a  di'op 
to  two  drops. 

HYDROCYS'TIS,  from  'vamp,  'water,'  and 
KVdTi;,  '  a  bladder.'  A  cj'st  containing  a  watery 
or   serous   fluid.     An   hydatid.     Also,    saccated 

"  HYDRODERMA,  Anasarca. 
HYDRODES,  Aqueous. 
HYDRODIARRHCEA,  Diarrhoea,  serous. 
HYDRCEDEMA,  (Edema. 
EYDRO-ENCEPHALORREEE,  Apoplexy, 
serous.  _ 

HYDRO -EXTERO-EPIPLOCE'LE,  Hydro- 
epijjlo-enteroce'le ;   from    'nctop,    'water,'    ivrepov, 
'  intestine,'   and   sttittAoov,    '  omentum.'     Entero- 
epiplocele,  the  sac  of  which  contains  a  serous ' 
fluid. 

H  Y  D  R  0  -  E  N  T  E  R  0-EPIPLOM'PHALUM, 
from  'vdoyp,  'water,'  evTcpov,  'an  intestine,'  £-i- 
t:\oov,  'the  caul,'  and  ojiipaXo;,  'the  navel.'  Um- 
bilical hernia,  the  sac  of  which  contains  intestine, 
epiploon,  and  serum. 

HYDRO- ENTEROM'PHALUM,  Hydrenie- 
rom'phalum;  from  'vSwp,  'water,'  cvrepov,  'an  in- 
testine,' and  ofifpaXos,  'the  umbilicus.'  Hernia 
umbiliealis,  the  sac  of  which  contains  intestine 
and  serum. 

HYDRO-EPIPLOCE'LE,  from  't.^a.p,  'water,' 
tTn-'Xoov,  'omentum,'  and  (ojXt?,  'a  tumour.'  Her- 
nia, formed  by  omentum,  the  saC  of  which  con- 
tains serum. 

HYDRO-EPIPLO-ENTEROCELE,  Hydro- 
entero-epiplocele. 

HYDRO -EPIPLOMPH'ALUM,  from  'viwp, 
'water,'  et^ittXoov,  'the  omentum,'  and  o/i0aAos, 
'the  umbilicus.'  Umbilical  hernia,  the  sac  of 
which  contains  epiploon  and  serum. 

HYDROG'ALA,  from  'voop,  'water,'  and  ya\a, 
'  milk.'  A  mixture  of  water  and  milk. 
HYDROGASTEK,  Ascites. 
HY'DPvOGEN,  Hydrogen'ium,  Inflam'mahle 
air,  Phlogis'ton,  Princi2)'iuni  hydrogenet'icum,  P. 
hydrot'ieum,  MepM'tis  infammaV His,  (F.)  Hy- 
drogene,  from  'v6(j)p,  'water,'  and  ytivaw,  'I  pro- 
duce.' This  gas,  when  breathed,  proves  fatal 
from  containing  no  oxygen.  When  diluted  with 
two-thirds  of  atmospheric  air,  it  occasions  some 
diminution  of  muscular  power  and  sensibility, 
and  a  reduction  of  the  force  of  the  circulation. 
It  has  been  respired  in  catarrh,  haemoptysis,  and 
phthisis. 

HvDROGE??,  Carburetted,  Inflammable  air, 
Fire  damp,  of  miners  —  obtained  by  passing  the 
vapour  of  water  over  charcoal,  at  the  tempera- 
ture of  ignition,  in  an  iron  tube — has  been  found 
possessed  of  similar  properties,  when  diluted,  and 
has  been  used  in  like  cases. 

HYDR0GE5,  Protoxide  of.  Water. 
Hydrogen,  Sulphuretted,  Hydrosulph'urif. 
acid,  Hydrothion'ic  acid,  Hydrothi'on,  Gaz  he- 
pjat'iciim,  Gaz  hydrogen'inm  sxdphura'tum,  3fe- 
phi'tis  hepat'ica,  (F.)  Acide  hydrosiilfurique,  may 
be  disengaged  from  any  of  the  sulphurets  by  tha 


HTDROGENATION 


453 


HYDROPHOBIA 


addition  of  a  strong  acid.  It  is  a  violent  poison, 
but  has  been  recommended  to  be  inhaled,  diluted, 
to  allay  the  increased  irritability  which  occasion- 
ally exists  after  diseases  of  the  lungs.  See  Hy- 
dro-sulphuretted Water. 

HYDROGEXATION,  see  Hydrogeneaes. 

HYDROG^XE,  Hydi-ogen. 

HYDROGENESES.  Baumes  gives  this  name 
to  diseases  which  he  fancifully  considers  to  de- 
pend upon  disturbed  hi/drogcnation.  In  it  he  in- 
cludes intermittent  and  remittent  fevers. 

HYDROGEIs^O  -  SULPHURETUM  AMMO- 
NIACiE  LIQUID UM,  Ammoniee  sulphuretum. 

HYDROGLOSSA,  Ranula. 

HYDROGRAPHY,  see  Hydrology. 

HYDROHEMIE,  Anemia, 

HYDROHYMEXI'TIS,  Orrhohymeni'tis,  from 
'v5u)p,  '  water,'  'v/i-nv,  '  a  membrane,'  and  itis,  de- 
noting inflammation.  Inflammation  of  a  serous 
membrane. 

HYDROLiEUM.  Hydrelason. 

HYDROLAPATHUM,Rumexhydrolapathum. 

HYDROLATA.  Aquse  destillatge. 

EYDROLATS,  Aquae  destillatis. 

HYDROLES,  see  Hydrolica. 

HYDROL'ICA,  (F.)  EydroUqiies,  from  'u^up, 
'water.'  Watery  solutions  of  the  active  princi- 
ples of  medicinal  agents.  Those  prepared  by  so- 
lution or  admixture  are  termed,  by  the  French, 
Hydroles ;  those  by  distillation,  Hydrolats. 

HYDROLIQUES,  Hydrolica. 

HYDROL'OGY,  Hydroloc)"ia,  from  'viu>p,  'wa- 
ter,' andAoyof,  'a  discourse.'  A  treatise  on  water. 
By  the  term  Medical  Hydrol'ogy  is  meant  that 
part  of  physics,  whose  object  is  the  study  of  wa- 
ter, considered  as  it  respects  medicine  ,•  and,  con- 
sequently, embracing  that  of  mineral  waters. 
Jfedical  Hydrog'  raphy  corn-prises  the  study  of  the 
influence  exerted  by  the  sea  or  by  navigation  on 
the  health  of  man. 

HYDROLOTIF,  Lotion. 

HYDROMA'XIA,  from  'v^u>p,  'water,'  and 
fiavia,  '  mania.'  A  name  given  by  Strambi  to 
pellagra,  in  which  the  patient  has  a  strong  pro- 
pensity to  drown  himself. 

HYDRO-MEDIASTI'NUM,  Hrjdrops  mtdia- 
sti'ni.  Effusion  of  serous  fluid  into  the  mediasti- 
num. 

BY'JYEiOMEJj,  ffydrom'eli,  from  'vSwp,  'water,' 
and /keXj,  'honey.'  Aqua  nmlaa,  ileliti'tis,  3Iul- 
sum,  Melic'ratum,  MelUc'ratum,  Braggart,  Medo. 
A  liquid  medicine,  prepared  with  an  ounce  and  a 
half  of  honey  and  a  pint  of  tejnd  icater.  It  is 
used  as  a  demulcent  and  laxative,  and  is  gene- 
rally known  under  the  names  Simple  hy'dromel, 
Vinous  hy' dromel,  Mead,  Hydrom'eli  vino' sum.  It 
is  a  drink  made  by  fermenting  honey  and  water, 
and  is  much  used  in  some  countries. 

HYDROMEXIXGITIS,  Hydrocephalus  inter- 
nus. 

HYDROMETER,  Areometer. 

HYDROME'TRA,  Hydrome'tria,  Hysfer'ifes, 
Eystercede'ma,  Hydrops  u'teri,  frora  'vimp,  'water,' 
and  firirpa,  'the  womb.'  Dropsy  of  the  icomh.  A 
disease  characterized  by  circumscribed  protuber- 
ance in  the  hypogastrium, — with  obscure  fluctu- 
ation, progressively  enlarging,  without  ischury  or 
pregnancy.  If  it  ever  occur,  it  must  be  a  rare 
disease. 

IIYDROM'PHALUM,  Hydrops  nmhilica'Us, 
Exom'plialus  aquo'sus,  Her'nia  umbili'ci  aquo'sa, 
from  'vS(t)p,  'water,'  and  op(jia\o;,  'the  navel.'  A 
tumour,  formed  by  the  accumulation  of  serum  in 
the  sac  of  umbilical  hernia ;  or  simply  by  disten- 
sion of  the  navel  in  cases  of  ascites. 

HYDROMYRIN'GA,  Hydromyrinx,  Hydrops 
tym'pani,  from  'w^ojp,  '  water,'  and  myriuga  or 
myrinx, '  the  membrana  tympani.'    Dropsy  of  the 


drum  of  the  ear ;  giving  rise  to  difficulty  of  hear- 
ing,— Eysecce'a  hydrop'ica. 

HYDROMYRINX,  Hydromyringa. 

HYDRONCUS,  Anasarca,  (Edema. 

HYDRONEPHRO'SIS,  (F.)  Hydron&phrose, 
Hydrorlnale  distension,  from  'vioip,  'water,'  and 
ve^pog,  '  kidney.'  An  accumulation  in  the  kidney, 
owing  to  the  obstruction  of  the  tubes  of  the  pa- 
pilla}.—  Rayer. 

HYDRONOSUS,  Hydrops. 

HYDROXUSUS,  Hydrops. 

HYDROOPHORON,  Hydroarion. 

HYDROOVARIUM,  Hydroarion. 

HYDROPATH'IC,  Hydropath'icm,  Hydriat'- 
ricus,  from  'vSuip,  'water,'  and  Tzado;,  'disease.' 
Relating  to  hydropathy  or  the  water-cure, —  as  a 
hydropathic  physician,  Hydridter,  Hydridtrus. 

HYDROPATHY,  Hydrosudotherapeia. 

HYDROPEDE'SIS,  from  'vSwp,  'water,'  and 
TTTiiau),  '  I  break  out.'  Ephidro'sis.  Excessive 
sweating. 

HYDROPEGE,  Water,  spring. 

HYDROPELTIS  PURPUREA,  Brasenia  hy. 
dropeltis. 

HYDROPERICARDIA,  Hvdroperieardium. 

HYDROPERICARDITIS,Hvdropericardium. 

HYDROPERICAR'DIUM,  ^!/rf;-o;jencar'f/K/, 
Hydropericardi'tis,  from 'uiJcjp,  'water,' and  ^jerj.- 
cardium;  Hydrops  Pericar'dii,  Hydrocar'dia, 
Dropsy  of  the  pericar'dium,  (F.)  Hydropn-u'le  du 
Pericarde.  This  is  not  a  common  disease.  Pal- 
pitations; irregular  or  intermitting  pulse;  exces- 
sive dyspnoea,  amounting  often  to  orfchopnoea, 
and  dulness  over  a  large  space  on  percu.'nion,  will 
cause  the  pericardium  to  be  suspected.  Tli«  treat- 
ment is  that  of  dropsies  in  general.  It  is,  usu- 
ally, however,  of  the  active  kind. 

HYDROPERIONE,  from 'u^up,  'vater,' rjpj, 
'  around,'  and  uov,  '  an  egg,  or  ovum.'  The  sero- 
albuminous  substance,  secreted  by  thf-  lining  of 
the  uterus  prior  to  the  arrival  of  the  impregnated 
ovum  in  that  cavity.  —  Breschet. 

HYDROPERITONEUM,  Ascites. 

HYDROPERITONIE,  Ascites. 

HYDROPHAL'LUS,  from  'u^up,  'water/ and 
(pa'XXos,  '  the  male  organ.'  (Edema  of  the  viAe 
organ. 

HYDROPHIMOSIS,  Phimosis  cedematoa*,!. 

HYDROPHLEGMASIA  TEXTUS  CELLU- 
LARIS,  Phlegmasia  alba. 

HYDROPHLOGOSIS  VENTRICULORUM 
CEREBRI,  Hydrocephalus  internus. 

HYDROPHOB'IA,  Paraphob'ia,  Parophoh'ia, 
Phohodip'son,  Pheu'gydron,  Pheugophoh'ia,  Cy- 
nolys'sa,  Gynolys'sum,  3Iorbus  hydrophob'icus  seu 
hydroph' obus,  Lycan'che,  Lycan'chis,  Aerojyhobia, 
Phreni'tis  latrans,  Lytta,  Lyssa,  Lyssa  cani'na, 
Pantophob'ia,  Rabies  cani'na,  Erethis'mus  hydro- 
phobia, Clonos  hydrophobia,  Hygropihobia,  AqncB 
nietiis,  Canine  madness,  (F.)  Rage;  from  'vSaip, 
'  water,'  and  cpoffo;,  '  dread.' 

The  term  Rabies  is  more  appropriate  for  the 
aggregate  of  symptoms  resulting  from  the  bite 
of  rabid  animals.  Hydrophobia  literally  signifies 
a  '  dread  of  water ;'  and,  consequently,  ought  to 
be  applied  to  one  of  the  symptoms  of  rabies,  rather 
than  to  the  disease  itself.  It  is  a  symptom  which 
appears  occasionally  in  other  nervous  affections. 
Rabies  is  susceptible  of  spontaneous  development 
in  the  dog,  wolf,  cat,  and  fox,  which  can  thenco 
transmit  it  to  other  quadrupeds  or  to  man;  but 
it  has  not  been  proved  that  it  can  supervene,— 
without  their  having  been  previously  bitten,  —  in 
animals  of  other  species ;  or  that  the  latter  can, 
when  bitten,  communicate  it  to  others.  Many 
facts  induce  the  belief,  that  the  saliva  and  bron- 
chial mucus  are  the  sole  vehicles  of  the  rabid  vi- 
rus ;  the  effects  of  which  upon  the  erinomy  somo- 


HYDROPHOBUS 


454 


HYDROPS 


times  api  ear  almost  immediately  after  the  bite, 
and  are,  at  others,  apparently  dormant  for  a  con- 
siderable period.  The  chief  symptoms  are  —  a 
sense  of  dryness  and  constriction  of  the  throat; 
excessive  thirst;  difficult  deglutition;  aversion 
for,  and  horror  at,  the  sight  of  liquids  as  well  as 
of  brilliant  objects;  red,  animated  countenance; 
great  nervous  irritability ;  frothy  saliva ;  grinding 
of  the  teeth,  &c.  Death  most  commonly  happens 
before  the  fifth  day.  Hydrophobia  has  hitherto 
resisted  all  therapeutical  means.  Those  which 
allay  irritation  are  obviously  most  called  for.  In 
the  way  of  prevention,  the  bitten  part  should 
always  be  excised,  where  practicable ;  and  cau- 
terized. 

In  some  cases,  symptoms  like  those  which  fol- 
low the  bite  of  a  rabid  animal  are  said  to  have 
come  on  spontaneously.  This  affection  has  been 
termed  nervous  or  spontaneous  hydrophobia. 

HYDROPHOBUS,  Lyssodectus. 

HYDROPHTHAL'MIA,  from  'v&iap,  'water,' 
and  oip^aXjxog,  'the  eye.'  Hydrophthal' imis, 
Dropsy  of  the  eye.  Hydrops  Oc'uli,  BuphthaVmua, 
Zoophthalhnus,  Oc'ulus  Bovi'nus,  Oculus  Bu'bulus, 
Oculus  Elephan' tinus,  Ophthalmopto' sis,  Parop'- 
sis  Staphylo'ma  simplex,  (F.)  Hydrophthalmie, 
Hydropisie  de  I'oeil.  This  affection  is  caused,  at 
times,  by  an  increase  in  the  quantity  of  the  aque- 
ous, at  others,  of  the  vitreous,  humour.  In  the 
former  ease,  the  iris  is  concave  anteriorly,  and 
pushed  backwards:  —  in  the  latter,  it  is  convex, 
and  pushed  forwards.  Most  commonly,  the  dis- 
ease seems  to  depend  on  both  humours  at  the 
same  time.  Hydrophthalmia  sometimes  affects 
both  eyes ;  at  others,  only  one.  Children  are 
more  exposed  to  it  than  adults  or  old  persons. 
The  treatment  must  vary  according  to  the  cause ; 
its  longer  or  shorter  duration ;  greater  or  less 
extent,  &c.  Hence,  according  to  circumstances, 
hydragogue  medicines,  purgatives,  general  and 
local  blood-letting,  blisters,  setons,  moxa,  cup- 
ping-glasses, fomentations,  collyria,  and  fumiga- 
tions of  different  kinds,  have  been  employed. 
When  all  means  fail,  and  the  disease  continues 
to  make  progress,  the  fluid  may  be  evacuated,  by 
a.  puncture  made  with  a  cataract  needle  at  the 
lower  part  of  the  transparent  cornea. 

Hydrophthalmia,  Conical,  Staphyloma  of 
the  cornea. 

HYDROPHTHAL'MION.  Same  etymon.  An 
oedematous  swelling  of  the  conjunctiva  in  hydro- 
pie  persons. 

HYDROPHTHALMUS,  Hydrophthalmia— h. 
Cruentus,  Hsemophthalmia. 

HYDROPHYLLUM  VERUM,  Hydrastis  Ca- 
nadensis. 

HYDROPHYSOCE'LE,  Hydropneumafoee'le, 
from  'vSiop,  'water,'  <pv(ra,  'wind,'  and  KriXr;,  'a 
tumour.'  Hernia,  which  contains  a  serous  fluid 
and  gas. 

HYDROPHYSOME'TRA,  from  'vSwp,  'water,' 
<pv(Ta(i),  '  I  inflate,'  and  finrpa,  '  the  womb.'  A  mor- 
bid condition  of  the  womb,  in  which  both  fluid 
ind  air  are  contained  in  it. 

HYDROP'IC,  Hydrop'icus,  Hy'phydros,  By- 
der'icus,  Tlydero'des,  Drop'sical,  (F.)  Tlydrnpique. 
One  labouring  under  dropsy.  Relating  to  dropsy. 
Also,  an  antihydropie,  and  a  hydragogue. 

HYDROPIPER,  Polygonum  hydropiper- 

HYDROPISIA,  Hydrops. 

HYDROPISIE,  Hydrops  — L  dxi  Bas-ventre, 
Ascites — h.  Cerehrale  sui-aif/ne,  Apoplexy,   serous 

—  h.  de  V  CEil,  Hydrophthalmia  —  h.  de  I'Ovnire, 
Hydroarion — h.  du  Pericarde,  Hydropericardium 

—  h.  des  Plevres,  Hydrothorax  —  h.  de  Poitrnie, 
Hydrothorax — h.  de  la  Vieictde  du  Fiel,  Turgcs- 
centia  vesicae  fellese. 


HYDROPISIS,  Hydrops— h.  "Vera,  Anasarca. 
HYDROPISMUS,  Hydrops. 
HYDROPLEURIE,  Hydrothorax. 
HYDROPNEUMATOCELE,  Hydrophysocele. 
HYDROPNEUMON,  Hydropneumonia. 
HYDROPNEUMO'NIA,  Hydropneu'mon, 
CEde'ma  puhno'mim  chron'icum,  Hydrops  pnlmo- 
num  celhdo'sua,  Anasar'ca  pulmo'nwn,  Hydrops 
pulmonuni,  from  'viwp,  'water,'  and  nrvtv^wv,  'the 
lung.'     Dropsical  infiltration  of  the  lungs.     See 
ffidema  of  the  lungs. 

HYDROPNEUMOSAR'CA,  from  'vho^p,  'wa- 
ter,' TTvevfja,  'wind,  air,'  and  crap^,  'flesh.'  An  ab- 
scess, containing  water,  air,  and  matters  similaj 
to  flesh.  —  M.  A.  Severinus. 

B.YD'ROF'N'El!MOTRO''RAX,Hydroaero2}leu. 
rie,  from  'vSoip,  'water,'  ■Kvcvpuiv,  'the  lung,'  and 
Buipa^,  '  the  chest.'  Pneumothorax  with  effusion 
of  blood  into  the  chest.     See  Pneumothorax. 

HYDROPOi'DES,  from  <vSwp,  'water,'  and 
iroiEu,  '  I  make.'  An  epithet  for  watery  excre- 
tions, such  as  sometimes  take  place  in  hydropics. 
IIYDROP'OTA,  Hydrop'otes,  Pota'for  Aqua, 
from  'vSb)p,  'water,'  and  TOTrjs,  'a  drinker.'  A 
loater  drinker.  One  who  drinks  only  water,  or 
drinks  it  in  an  extraordinary  quantity. 

HYDROPS,  from  'v&b>p,  'water,'  Plegma'tia, 
Hy'deros,  Affec'tus  hydero'des,  Hydrop'issis,  Hy- 
dropis'ia,  Hydrop>is'miis,  Hydrop' sia,  Hydror- 
rhoe'a,  Hydrorrhoe,  Hydrorrhous,  Polyhy'dria, 
Hydron'osus,  Hydronu'sus,  Drop)sy,  (F.)  Hydro- 
pisie. A  preternatural  collection  of  a  serous 
fluid  in  any  cavity  of  the  body,  or  in  the  areolar 
texture.  When  the  cellular  texture  of  the  whole 
body  is  more  or  less  filled  with  fluid,  the  disease 
is  called  Anasar'ca  or  Leucoplegma'tia ;  —  and 
when  this  variety  is  local  or  partial,  it  is  called 
CEde'ma.  The  chief  dropsies,  designated  from 
their  seat,  are: — Anasarca,  Hydrocephalus,  Hy- 
drorachitis,  Hydrothorax,  Hydropericardium,  As- 
cites, Hydrometra,  Hydrocele,  &c. 

Encyst' ed  Dropsy,  Hydrops  sacca'tus,  incaree- 
ra'tus  vel  cys'ticus,  is  that  variety  in  which  the 
fluid  is  enclosed  in  a  sac  or  cyst;  so  that  it  has 
no  communication  with  the  surrounding  parts. 
Dropsy  of  the  Ovarium,  Hydrops  Ova'rii,  Asci'- 
tes  Ova'rii,  Asci'tea  sacca'tus,  is  an  instance  of 
this  variety. 

Dropsy  may  be  active  or  passive.  The  former 
consists  in  an  increased  action  of  the  exhalants, 
so  that  those  vessels  pour  out  much  more  fluid 
than  is  absorbed :  the  latter  arises  from  a  state 
of  atony  of  the  absorbent  vessels,  which  allows 
of  an  accumulation  of  fluid.  It  may  also  be  me- 
chanicnl,  or  produced  by  obstructions  to  the  cir- 
culation, as  in  cases  of  diseased  liver.  Active 
dropsy,  occurring  accidentally  in  a  sound  indivi- 
dual, generally  ends  favourably.  That  which 
supervenes  on  other  diseases,  or  is  symptomatic 
of  some  internal  affection,  is  rarely  curable. 

The  treatment  consists  in  the  use  of  all  those 
remedies  which  act  on  the  various  secretions :  so 
that,  the  demand  being  increased,  the  supply  will 
have  to  be  increased  accordingly ;  and  in  this 
manner  some  of  the  collected  fluid  may  be  taken 
up  by  the  absorbents.  To  this  end  bleeding,  if 
the  dropsy  be  very  active ;  purgatives,  diuretics, 
sudorifics,  sialogogues,  <fec.,  are  the  remedies 
chiefly  depended  upon. 

Hydrops  Abdominis,  Ascites — h.  Abdominis 
aereus,  Tympanites — h.  Abdominis  saccatus,  see 
Ascites  —  h.  Anasarca,  Anasarca  —  h.  Anasarca 
acutus,  see  Anasarca  —  h.  Articulorum,  Hydrar- 
thrus — h.  Ascites,  Ascites  —  h.  Capitis,  Hydroce- 
phalus— h.  Capitis,  Hydrocephalus  cbronicus — h. 
Cavitatis  columns  vertebralis,  Hydrorachis  —  h. 
Cellularis  artuum,  (Edema  —  h.  Cellularis  totius 


HTDROPSIA 


455 


HYDROTIS 


corporis,  Anasarca — h.  Cellulosus,  Anasarca — h. 
Cerebri,  Hydrocephalus,  Hydrocephalus  internus 
— h.  Cutaneus,  Anasarca — h.  Cysticus,  see  Asci- 
tes, and  Hydrops — -h.  Glottidis,  (Edema  of  the 
Glottis — h.  lucarceratus,  see  Hydrops — h.  In- 
tercus,  Anasarca  —  h.  Leucophlegmatias,  Leuco- 
phlegmatia — h.  ad  Matulam,  Diabetes — h.  Medi- 
astini,  Hydromediastinum  —  h.  Medullaj  spinalis, 
Hydrorachis  —  h.  Matellse,  Diabetes  —  h.  Oculi, 
Hydrophthalmia — h.  Ovarii,  Hydroarion,  see  Hy- 
drops— h.  Palpebrse,  Hydroblepharon — h.  Pecto- 
ris, Hydrothorax — h.  Pericardii,  Hydropericardi- 
um  — h.  Pleurse,  Hydrothorax  —  h.  Pulmonis, 
Hydrothorax  —  h.  Pulmonum,  Hydropneumonia, 
Qildema  of  the  Lungs  —  h.  Pulmonum  cellulosus, 
Hydropneumonia  —  h.  Saccatus,  see  Hydrops  — 
h.  Sacei  lachrymalis,  Fistula  lachrymalis  —  h. 
Scroti,  Hydrocele — h.  Siccus  et  flatulentus.  Tym- 
panites— h.  Spinse,  Hydrorachis — h.  Spinas  ver- 
tebralis,  Hydrorachis — h.  Subcutaneus,  Anasarca 
— h.  Telse  cellulosse,  Anasarca — h.  Testiculorum, 
Hydrocele  —  h.  Thoracis,  Hydrothorax  —  h.  Tu- 
barum  Fallopii,  Hydrosalpinx — h.  Tympani,  Hy- 
dromyringa — h. Tympanites,  Tympanites — h.Um- 
bilicalis,  Hydromphalum  —  h.  Uteri,  Hydrometra 
—  h.  Vesica  fellese,  Turgescentia  vesiculse  fellese. 

HYDROPSIA,  Hydrops. 

HYDROPYR'ETOS,  from  'vStop,  'water,'  and 
wpsTos,  '  fever ;'  Febris  sudato'ria.  Fever  with 
sweating.  Hidropyretos  would  be  more  proper ; 
from  'i5pwf,  '  sweat.'     See  Sudor  Anglicus. 

HYDRORA'CHIS,  from  'v&iDp,  'water,'  and 
pa^ii,  '  the  spine.'  Hydrorrha'chis,  Hydrora- 
chi'tis,  Hydrorrha'chia,  Myeloch'ysis,  Hydrops 
Gavita'tis  ColumnoB  Vertehra'Us,  H.  Spinm  verte- 
lyra'lis,  Hydrops  medul'lm  spina'Us,  Hydroce'le 
spina'lis,  Hydrorachi'tis  spino'sa,  Hydrops  spincB. 
An  effusion  of  serum,  often  owing  to  inflamma- 
tion of  the  spinal  membranes  —  myeli'tis  exsiida- 
ti'va — and  forming  a  soft,  frequently  transparent, 
tumovir,  constituted  of  the  membranes  of  the 
spinal  marrow,  which  are  distended  and  project- 
ing backwards  from  the  vertebral  canal,  the  pos- 
terior paries  of  which,  when  the  affection  is  con- 
genital, is  wanting  to  a  certain  extent — Spiina 
bifida,  Atelorachid'ia,  Hydrora'ehis  dehis'cens 
seu  congen'ita,  Schistorrha'chis,  Spi'iwla.  The 
disease  is  often  accompanied  with  paralysis  of  the 
lower  extremities.  It  is  congenital,  and  situate 
in  the  lumbar  or  sacral  regions.  It  is  almost  al- 
ways fatal:  —  the  tumour  rupturing,  and  death 
occurring  instantaneously.  On  dissection,  a  sim- 
ple separation  or  complete  absence  of  the  spinous 
processes  of  the  vertebrae  is  perceived,  with,  at 
times,  destruction  or  absence  of  spinal  marrow. 
The  treatment  is  the  same  as  in  liydrocep)halus 
chronicus  ;  and,  as  in  it,  advantage  seems  occa- 
sionally to  have  been  derived  by  puncturing  with 
a  fine  needle. 

Hydrorachis  Dehiscens,  see  Hydrorachis. 

HYDRORACHITIS,  Hydrorachis. 

HYDRORCHIS,  Hydrocele. 

HYDRORENALE  DISTENSION,  Hydro- 
nephrosis. 

HYDRORRHACHIA,  Hydrorachis. 

HYDRORRHACHIS,  Hydrorachis  — h.  Con- 
genita, see  Hydrorachis  —  h.  Dehiscens,  see  Hy- 
drorachis. 

HYDRORRHAGIE,  Apoplexy,  serous. 

HYDRORRHOE,  Hydrops. 

HYDRORRHCEA,  Hydrops. 

HYDRORRHOUS,  Hydrops. 

HYDRORTHOPNCE'A,  from  'v^up,  'water,' 
and  opQo-Kvoia,  'difficulty  of  breathing,  except  in 
Ihe  erect  posture.'  Orthopnoea,  owing  to  a  col- 
lection of  water  in  the  chest. 

HYDROSAC'CHARUM,  Aqua  aacehara'ta, 
(F.)  Ean  sucree.     Sugared  water. 


HYDROSALPINX,  Hydrops  tnla'rxm  Fallo'- 
pii ;  from  'jjiJwp,  'water,'  and  caX-my^,  'a  tube.' 
Dropsy  of  the  Fallopian  tube. 

HYDROS AR'CA,  from  'viiop,  'water,'  and  o-oof, 
'flesh.'  A  tumour  containing  a  fluid,  as  well  as 
portions  of  flesh.     Also,  Anasarca. 

HYDROSARCOCE'LE,  from  'v5u,p,  'water,' 
crap^,  'flesh,'  and  kj/Aj;,  'a  tumour.'  Sarcohydro- 
ce'le.  A  tumour,  formed  bj^  a  sarcocele,  compli- 
cated with  dropsy  of  the  tunica  vaginalis. 

HYDROSCHEOCE'LE,  Oscheooe'le  aquo'sa, 
from  'v6ii)p,  '  water,'  oaxt:ov,  '  the  scrotum,'  and 
KriXrjy  'rupture.'  A  collection  of  water  in  the 
scrotum.     Hydrocele. 

HYDROSCHEONIE,  Hydrocele. 

HYDROSCHEUM,  Hydrocele. 

HYDROSIS,  Hidrosis. 

HYDROSTATIC  TEST  OF  INFANTICIDE, 
see  Docimasia. 

HYDROSUDOPATHY,  Hydrosudotherapeia. 

HYDROSUDOTHERAPEI'A,  Hydrop'athy, 
Hydrojiatlii'a,  Hydrosudop'athy,  Hydri'asis,  Ara 
Jiydriat'rica,  Hydriatri'a,  Water  cure,  (G.)  Was- 
serkur,  from  'v&uip,  'water,'  sudo,  'I  sweat,'  and 
Qepanivb),  '  I  remedy.'  A  badly  compounded  word, 
formed  to  express  the  mode  of  treating  diseases 
systematically  by  cold  water,  sweating,  &c. 

HYDROSULPHURET'TED  WATER,  Aq^ia 
hydrosulphiira'ta  simplex,  Aqna  hepat'ica,  (F.) 
Eau  hydrosulphuree  simp>le.  (Sidjjhuret  of  iron, 
1000  parts,  sulphuric  acid  2000  parts,  distilled 
water  4000  parts  ;  add  the  water  to  the  acid,  and 
put  the  sulphuret  of  iron  into  a  retort,  to  which 
a  Wolff's  apparatus  of  five  or  six  vessels  is  adapt- 
ed ;  the  last  containing  about  an  ounce  of  potassa, 
dissolved  in  a  quart  of  water.  Pour  the  diluted 
acid  gradually  on  the  sulphuret,  and,  ultimately, 
throw  away  the  water  in  the  last  vessel.  Ph.  P.) 
It  is  stimulant,  diaphoretic,  and  deobstruent,  (?) 
and  is  used  in  rheumatism,  diseases  of  the  skin,  &c. 

It  has  been,  also,  called  Aa"idum  Hydrothion'- 
ieum  liq'uidnm. 

HYDROSULPHURETUM  AMMONIA  CUM 
AQUOSUM,  Ammonias  sulphuretum — h.  Ammo- 
niacum,  Ammoniaa  sulphuretum. 

HYDROTHION,  Hydrogen,  sulphuretted. 

HYDROTHO'RAX,  from  'v&oip,  'water,'  and 
6<j)pa^,  '  the  chest.'  Hydrops  TJiora'cis,  Hydrops 
pee'toris,  Hydrops  pidmo'nis,  H.  pleura,  Ste- 
thoch'ysis,  Pleurorrhos'a  lymjylmt'ica,  PI.  scro'sa, 
Dyspnoe'a  et  Orthopnoe'a  hydrothorac"ica,  (F.) 
Hydropisie  de  Poi  trine,  H.  des  Pie  ores.  Dropsy 
of  the  Gkest.  Idiopathic  hydrothorax,  termed  by 
Laennee  Hydropisie  des  2}levres,  Dropsy  of  the 
PleurcB,  —  by  Piorry,  Hydropileurie,  —  is  a  rare 
disease,  and  difiicult  of  diagnosis.  It  generally 
exists  only  on  one  side,  which,  if  the  fluid  effused 
be  considerable,  projects  more  than  the  other. 
Dj'spncea,  and  fluctuation  perceptible  to  the  ear, 
are  characteristic  symptoms.  When  the  chest  is 
examined  with  the  stethoscope,  respiration  is 
found  to  be  wanting  every  where,  except  at  the 
root  of  the  Idng.  The  sound  is  also  dull  on  per- 
cussion. 

Effusion  into  the  chest,  as  a  result  of  inflam- 
mation of  some  thoracic  viscus,  is  as  common  as 
the  other  is  rare.  It  is  usually  a  fatal  symptom. 
It  has  been  called  symptomatic  hydrothorax. 

In  hydrothorax,  the  course  of  treatment  proper 
in  dropsies  in  general,  must  be  adopted.  Diure- 
tics seem,  here,  to  be  especially  useful ;  probably 
on  account  of  the  great  activity  of  pulmonary  ab- 
sorption.   Paracentesis  can  rarely  be  serviceable. 

Hydrothorax  Chydsus,  Chylothorax-  h. 
Purulentus,  Empyema. 

HYDROTICA,  Hydragogues. 

HYDRO'TIS,  from  'viop, '  water/  and  ovj,  gen. 


HYDRURESIS 


456 


HTMENOGRAPHT 


u>TOi,  '  the  ear.'  Dropsy  of  the  ear.  Properly, 
an  accumulation  of  mucous  or  mnco-purulent 
matter  in  the  middle  ear. 

HYDRURESIS,  Diabetes. 

HYDRURIA,  Diabetes,  see  Urine. 

HYERES.  This  small  town,  agreeably  situ- 
ate on  the  declivity  of  a  hill,  about  two  miles  from 
the  Mediterranean,  and  twelve  from  Toulon,  is  the 
least  exceptionable  residence  in  Provence  for  the 
pulmonary  invalid.  It  is  in  some  measure  pro- 
tected from  the  northerly  winds ;  but  not  suffi- 
ciently so  from  the  mistral  to  render  it  a  very 
desirable  residence  for  the  phthisical. — Sir  James 
Clark. 

HYGEA,  Hygiene,  Sanitas. 

HYGEIA,  Sanitas. 

HYGEISMUS,  Hygiene. 

HYGEOLOGY,  Hygiene. 

HYGIANSIS,  Sanitas. 

HYGIASIS,  Sanitas, 

HYGIASMA,  Medicament. 

HYGIAS'TICA  DOCTRI'NA.  The  doctrine 
of  health.  The  doctrine  of  the  restoration  of 
health. 

HYGIASTICUS,  Salutary. 

HYGIEA,  Sanitas. 

HYGIEIA,  Hygiene,  Sanitas. 

HYGIEINUS,  Salutary. 

HYGIEJOLOGIA,  Hygiene. 

HYGIENE  (F.),  (generally  Anglicised,  and 
pronounced  hygeene)  from  'vyuia,  'health.'  Hy- 
giene, Hygeis'mua,  Hygiei'ne,  Hygie'sis,  Hygiei'a; 
Hygie'a,  Hygei'a,  Hygiene,  Hygien'ics,  Conserva- 
ti'va  medicina,  Hygeolog"ia,  Hygieiolog"ia,  Hy- 
geology,  Hygiol'ogy  ;  from  'vyiTH,  '  healthy.'  The 
part  of  medicine  whose  object  is  the  preservation 
of  health.  It  embraces  a  knowledge  of  healthy 
man,  both  in  society  and  individuallj',  as  well  as 
of  the  objects  used  and  employed  by  him,  with 
their  influence  on  his  constitution  and  organs. 
See  Regimen. 

HYGIEN'IC,  (F.)  Hygienique.  Same  etymon. 
Relating  to  Hygiene  —  as  '  hygienic  precautions, 
hygienic  rules,'  &c.  &o. 

HYGIENICS,  Hygiene. 

HYGIENIQUE,  Hygienic. 

HYGIE'NIST.  One  who  understands  the 
principles  of  hygiene. 

HYGIERUS,  Salutary, 

HYGIESIS,  Hygiene. 

HYGIOLOGY,  Hygiene. 

HYGRA,  from  'v&oip,  'water,'  or  'vypos,  'hu- 
mid.'    Liquid  plasters ; — Hygremplaa'tra. 

HYGRASIA,  Humour. 

HYGRECHE'MA,  from  'vypo;,  'humid,'  and 
eXip^")  '  sound ;'  Son'itua  flu'idi.  The  sound  of 
fluid,  heard  by  auscultation,  or  otherwise. 

HYGREDON,  Humour. 

HYGREMPLASTRA,  Hygra. 

HYGROBLEPHAR'ICI,  from  'uypoj,  'humid,' 
and  fi\c(papov,  '  eyelid ;'  Hygrophthal'mici.  The 
excretory  ducts  of  the  lachrymal  glafid  have  been 
60  called. 

HYGROCATARAC'TA;  from  'vypos,  'humid,' 
and  KaTapaKTvs,  '  cataract ;'  Catarac'ta  liq'uida. 
Liquid  or  fluid  cataract. 

HYGROCELE,  Hydrocirsocele. 
HYGROCOLLYRIA,  see  Collyrium. 
HYGROCYSTIS,  Hydatid. 
HYGROL'OGY,  Hygrolog"ia,  from  'vypo;,  '  hu- 
mia,'  and  Aoyoj,  '  a  discourse.'     The  anatomy  of 
the  fluids  of  the  body. 

HYGRO'MA,  from  'vypo?,  'humid.'  Tumor  cys'- 
tiruesero'sue,  Cys'tis  sero'aa.  Dropsy  of  the  bursas 
luncos*. 

DYGROM'ETRY,    Hygromei'ria,    Hygrosco'- 


pia;  from  'vypos,  'humid,'  and  fjunrpov,  'measure 
The  part  of  physics  which  concerns  the  measure- 
ment of  the  dryness  or  humidity  of  the  atmo- 
sphere. It  is  probable,  that  diseases  are  as  fre- 
quently caused  by  the  varying  moisture  of  the 
atmosphere  as  by  changes  in  its  weight  or  tem- 
perature. The  hygrometer  ought,  consequently, 
to  form  part  of  every  apparatus  for  medical  me- 
teorological observations. 

HYGRON,  Liquor. 

HYGROPHOBIA,  Hydrophobia.. 

HYGROPHTHAL'MIA,  from  'vypog,  'humid,' 
and  ofpQaXjiia,  'inflammation  of  the  eye.'  Oph- 
thalmia with  much  lachrymatiou. 

HYGROPHTHALMICI,  Hygroblepharici. 

HYGROPISSOS,  see  Pinus  sylvestris. 

HYGROSCOPIA,  Hygrometry. 

HYGROTES,  Humour,  Liquor. 

HYGRUM,  Humour. 

HY'LE,  'uA!7,  Mate'ria,  '  Matter.'  Wood.  Ma- 
teria Medica;  also,  the  Philosopher's  stone. 

Hyle  Iatrice,  Materia  Medica. 

HYLISIS,  Colatio. 

HYLISMUS,  Colatio. 

HYLISTER,  Colatorium. 

HYLOPH'AGOUS,  from  <v\v,  'wood,'  and 
(bayia,  'I  eat.'  One  that  feeds  upon  the  young 
shoots  of  trees,  roots,  &o.  Hylophagous  tribes 
yet  exist  in  some  parts  of  Africa. 

HYMASTATICS,  Hsemastatice. 

HYMEN,  'vfirjv,  which  signifies  'marriage,' 
'nuptial  song,'  'membrane  or  pellicle.'  Clmis- 
triim  seu  Flos  seu  Sigil'lum  seu  Custo'dia  sen  Co- 
lum'na  seu  Zona  virginita'tis,Flo8virgina' lis,  Vir- 
gin'ia,  Cir'cxdus  memhrano'siis,  Bucton,  Interae]/- 
tum  virgina'le,  Cento  virgina'lia,  Argumen'twn 
Integrita'tia,  Mimimen'tnm  seu  Zona  Caatita'tia, 
Pannic'ulus  hgmencB'ua  seu  virgina'lia,  Engion, 
Val'vula  ragi'ntB,  Memhran'ula  luna'ta  vagina. 
Virginal  memhrane.  The  semilunar,  parabolic, 
or  circular  fold,  situate  at  the  outer  orifice  of  the 
vagina  in  virgins,  especially  during  youth,  and 
prior  to  menstruation.  This  membrane  is  ordi- 
narily ruptured  by  the  first  venereal  act,  and  is 
effaced  by  accouchement;  some  irregular  flaps 
remaining,  to  which  the  name  Oarun'cula  Myr- 
tifor'mes  has  been  given  by  reason  of  their  re- 
semblance to  the  leaves  of  the  myrtle.  Many 
circumstances  of  an  innocent  character  may  oc- 
casion a  rupture  or  destruction  of  this  membrane- 
It  is  often,  indeed,  found  absent  in  children  soon 
after  birth  ,•  whilst  it  ma,y  remain  entire  after  co- 
pulation. Hence  the  presence  of  the  hymen  does 
not  abiiolutely  prove  virginity ;  nor  does  its  ab- 
sence prove  incontinence,'  although  its  presence 
would  be  prima  facie  evidence  of  continence. 

Hymen,  Membrane — h.  Diaphatton,  Mediasti- 
num. 

HYMEN.^A,  see  Copal — h.  Courbaril,  see 
Anime. 

HYMEN'ICA  AMENORRH(E'A.  Amenor- 
rhcea  occasioned  by  closure  of  the  hymen. 

BYWE'^'ICVS,  Hyyneno'des,  from  'w^ijv, 'hy- 
men,' &c.  Relating  to  the  hymen.  Also,  mem- 
branous. 

HYMENI'TIS,  from  'w//»>v,  'a  membrane,'  and 
itis,  denoting  inflammation.  Membranous  in- 
flammation. Inflammation  of  an  internal  mem- 
brane. 

HYME'NIUM,    3Iemlran'ula,    diminutive   of 
'vji-qv,  'a  membrane.'     A  fine,  delicate  membrane. 
HYMENODES,  Hvmenicus. 
HYMENOGANGLTITIS,  Cholera. 
HYMENOG'RAPHY,  Hymcnogra'phia,  from 
'vfiriv,    'a  membrane,'  and  ypadio),   'I    describe.* 
That  part  of  anatomy  whose  object  is  the  descrip- 
tion of  the  different  membranes. 


HTMENOLOGY 


457 


HYPEREMIA 


HYMENOL'OGY,  Eymenohy"ia,  from  'u/ziyv, 
*a  membrane,'  and  Xoyoi,  'a  description.'  A 
treatise  on  the  membranes. 

H Y  M  B  N  0  R '  RH APH Y,  Hymenorrha'pliia  ; 
from  'u/iJjv,  '  the  hymen/  and  pafri,  '  a  suture.'  A 
form  of  elytrorrhaphy,  in  which  the  operation  is 
performed  in  the  natural  situation  of  the  hymen. 

HYMENOT'OMY,  Hymenotom'ia,  from  'vfxriv, 
'  a  membrane,'  and  rt/jvia,  '  I  cut,'  '  I  dissect.' 
The  part  of  anatomy  which  treats  of  the  dissec- 
tion of  the  membranes.  The  term  has  also  been 
applied  to  the  incision  of  the  hymen,  practised  in 
certain  cases  of  imperforation  of  the  vagina,  in 
order  to  give  exit  to  the  blood  retained  and  ac- 
cumulated in  the  cavity  of  the  uterus. 

IIYMNIUM,  Amnios. 

HYO :  in  composition,  an  abridgment  of  Hy- 
oides,  OS. 

HYOBASIOGLOSSUS,  Basioglossus. 

HYOCHONDROGLOSSUS,  Hyoglossus. 

HYODEOGLOSSUS,  Hyoglossus. 

HYODEOTHYREODES,  Thyreohyoideus. 

HYODES,  Hyoides. 

H Y  0-EPIGLOT '  T I C  U  S,  Hyodepiglot'ticiis. 
Belonging  to  the  os  hyoides  and  epiglottis.  Some 
anatomists  have  given  the  name  Hyo-epiglottic 
ligament  to  a  bundle  of  condensed  areolar  tissue, 
which  passes  from  the  posterior  part  of  the  body 
of  the  hyoid  bone  to  the  base  of  the  epiglottic 
fibro- cartilage. 

EYO-GLOSSO-BASI-PEAE  YNGIEN, 
Constrictor  pharyngis. 

HYOGLOS'SUS,  Hyodeo-glossus,  Hyo-cTiondro- 
gJossus,  Hypsiloglossus,  Cer' ato-glossus  of  Douglass 
and  Cowper  :  Basio-Cerato-Chondvo-glossus.  A 
large,  thin,  quadrilateral  muscle,  situate  at  the 
anterior  and  superior  part  of  the  neck.  Its  in- 
sertions at  three  different  points  of  the  os  hj'oides 
permit  it  to  be  divided  into  three  portions : — the 
first,  {Cerato-glossus  of  Albinus)  is  attached  to 
the  great  cornu  of  the  os  hyoides :  the  second, 
{Basio-glossus  of  Albinus,)  arises  from  the  supe- 
rior part  of  the  body  of  the  same  bone ;  and  the 
third,  (Chondro-glossiw  of  Albinus,)  arises  from 
the  lesser  cornu  and  the  cartilage,  situate  between 
the  body  and  the  greater  cornu.  The  fibres  of 
these  three  bundles  are  inserted  into  the  lateral 
and  inferior  parts  of  the  tongue.  This  muscle 
depresses  the  base  of  the  tongue,  or  raises  the  os 
hyoides,  when  the  tongue  is  fixed. 

HYO-THYREOIDEUS,  Thyreo-hyoideus. 

HYO-THYROID,  Thyreo-hyoid. 

HYOID  BONE,  Hyoides,  os. 

HYOi'DES,  OS,  Os  Bicor'ne,  Os  hypseloVdes, 
Os  Lambdoi'des,  Os  Gut'txiris,  Os  Lingum,  Os 
Lingua'le,  Upsilo'i'des,  Ypisiloides.  The  Hyoid 
Bone;  from  the  Greek  v,  and  ei6os,  'shape.'  Hy- 
di'deus,  Hyo'des.  The  hyoid  bone  is  a  very  mo- 
vable, osseous  arch ;  of  a  parabolic  shape ;  con- 
vex before,  and  suspended  horizontally  in  the 
substance  of  the  soft  parts  of  the  neck,  between 
the  base  of  the  tongue  and  the  larynx.  This 
tone,  separated  entirely  from  the  rest  of  the  ske- 
leton, is  composed  of  five  distinct  portions,  sus- 
ceptible of  motion  on  each  other.  The  first,  and 
most  central,  is  the  hody  of  the  hyoid,  Ossic'ulum 
me'dium  HyoVdis,  which  affords  attachment  to 
several  muscles ;  the  two  others  are  lateral,  and 
bear  the  name  of  branches  or  greater  cornita. 
The  last  two  are  smaller,  situate  above  the  other, 
and  are  known  under  the  name  lesser  cornua  and 
styloid  cornua,  the  Ossu  pisifor'mia  lingua'lia 
of  Sommering.  The  os  hyoides  is  ossified  from 
five  points. 

Hyoides  Primus,  Sterneo-hyoideus. 

HYOIDEUS,  Hyoides. 


HYOIDIS  QUARTUS  MUSCULUS,  Omo- 
hyoideus. 

HYOSCY'AMUS,  from  'uy,  'a  swine,' and 
Kvafios,  '  a  bean.'  Faha  suil'la,  Bengi,  Jusquiu- 
mits,  Hyoscyamus  niger  seu  agres'tis,  Apollina'- 
ris,  Alter'cum,  Ag'one,  Altercan'genon,  Henbane, 
Poison  Tobac'co,  Stinking  nightshade,  (F.)  Jtis- 
quiaume,  Feve  a  Oochon,  Hannebane,  PoteUe. 
The  leaves  and  seeds  are  the  parts  used  in  medi- 
cine. Their  odour  is  narcotic  and  peculiar ; 
taste  insipid  and  mucilaginous.  The  virtues  are 
yielded  to  proof  spirit.  Hyoscyamus  is  narcotic, 
anodyne,  antispasmodic,  and  slightly  stimulant. 
It  is  used  as  a  substitute  for  opium,  where  the 
latter  disagrees ;  and  is  applied,  externally,  as  a 
cataplasm  in  cancer  and  glandular  swellings. 
Dose,  gr.  iij  to  x  of  the  powder. 

Hyoscyamus  Agrestis,  Hyoscyamus. 

Hyoscyamus  Albus,  White  Henbane,  possesses 
similar  virtues. 

Hyoscyamus  Luteus,  Nicotiana  rustica  —  h. 
Niger,  Hyoscyamus  —  h.  Peruvianus,  Nicotiana 
tabacum. 

Hyoscyamus  Scopolia, /ScopoZi'na  atropoVdes. 
The  herb  and  root  of  this  plant,  which  grows  in 
niyria,  Hungary,  Croatia,  Gallizia,  and  Bavaria, 
are  used  in  the  same  cases  as  belladonna.  Dose 
of  the  powder,  half  a  grain. 

HYPACTICUS,  Cathartic. 

HYP^'MIA,  from  'v-no,  'beneath,'  and  'aijia, 
'blood;'  Oligrn'mia,  Oligohm'mia,  AncB'mia.  De- 
ficiency of  blood. — Andial.  Also,  extravasation 
of  blood. 

HYPAGOGE,  Dejection. 

HYPAGOGUS,  Laxative. 

HYPALEIM'MA,  Hypalim'ma,  Hypnle'ip'tum, 
Hypalipi'tum,  from  'vnaXtKpia,  'I  anoint.'  Aa 
ointment  or  liniment  to  be  rubbed  or  spread  on 
a  part. 

HYPALEIPTRIS,  Hypaleiptrum. 

HYPALEIP'TRON,  Hypaleip'trum,  Hypaleip- 
tris,  Hypah'pfrum,  Specil'lum,  Spatha.  A  sort 
of  spatula  for  spreading  ointments. — Hipp. 

HYPALEIPTRUM,  Hypaleiptron. 

HYPALEIPTUM,  Hypaleimma. 

HYPALIMMA,  Hypaleimma. 

HYPALIPTRUM,  Hypaleiptron. 

HYPAMAURO'SIS,  from  'wo,  'under,'  and 
amaurosis ;  Amaiiro'sis  imperfee'ta.  Imperfect 
amaurosis  ,•  3Ieramaiiro'  sis. 

HYPAPOPLEX'IA,  from  'utto,  'under,'  and 
apoplexia.     An  incomplete  attack  of  apoplexy. 

HYPATMISMUS,  Fumigation. 

HYP  ATM  US,  Fumigation. 

HYPAUCHE'NIUM,  from  'uto,  'under,'  and 
avxnv,  'the  neck.'  A  pillow  or  cushion  for  the 
neck. 

HYPECCHORESIS,  Dejection. 

HYPECCHORETICUS,  Laxative, 

HYPELATUS,  Cathartic,  Laxative. 

HYPENANTIOMA,  Allopathy. 

HYPENANTIOSIS,  Allopathy. 

HYPE'NE,  'virrivr).  The  beard  which  grows 
under  the  chin,  according  to  some.  Also,  the 
upper  lip. — Vesalius.     See  Mystax. 

HYPER,  'uTTEp,  'above,'  'in  excess.'     Hence; 

HYPERACU'SIS,  Oryecdia,  Hyperac'oe, 
Phthongodyspho'r-ia,  from  'vTep,  'above,'  and  aKor/, 
'audition.'  Excessive  sensibility  of  the  organ 
of  hearing. 

HYPERADENO'SIS,  Hyperadeno'ma,  Hyper- 
troph'ia  glanduhi'rum,  from  'vircp,  'in  excess,' 
and  a?ir]v,  '  a  gland.'     Hypertrophy  of  a  gland. 

HYPER^'MIA,  Hyperhas'mia,  Hcemorme'sii, 
(F.)  Hyperimie,  Angiohemie,  froir    curp,  'nbcve,' 


HTPER^MIC 


458 


HYPERHORA 


and  'aiva,  'blood.'  Preternatural  accumulation 
of  blood  in  the  capillary  vessels,  more  especially- 
local  plethora;  congestion.  —  Andral.  Various 
forms  of  hyperaemia  are  admitted  by  patholo- 
gists,—  for  example,  the  active  or  sthenic;  as  in 
the  phlegraasias,  —  the  asthenic  or  ^jffss7ye,  from 
■weakness  of  vessels  ;  the  cadaveric,  or  that  which 
forms  immediately  before  or  after  death  ,•  and  the 
hypostatic,  which  occurs  in  depending  parts. 

Hyperemia  Abdominis,  Coelicemia — h.  Activa, 
Infiammation — h.  Capitis,  Cephalsemia — h.  of  the 
Brain,  Stethsemia — h.  Cerebri,  Cephalasmia — h. 
Pectoris,  Stethasmia — h.  Pulmonum,  Stetbsemia 
— h.  of  the  Lungs,  Stethaemia — h.  Hepatic,  He- 
patoha3mia. 

HYPERiE'MIC,  HypercB'micvs,  Conrjes'ted, 
Bloodshot.     Affected  with  hyperemia. 

HYPERESTHESIA,  Hyperaesthesis— h.  Lin- 
gua?, Hypergeustia — h.  Olfactoria,  Hyperosphre- 
sia— h.  Plexus  cardiaci.  Angina  jjectoris. 

HYPERESTHE'SIS,  Hyperasthm' sia,  Oxy- 
aathe'sia,  (P.)  Hypiresthesie,  from  'v-rtcp,  'above,' 
and  aia^ricig,  '  the  faculty  of  feeling.'  Excessive 
sensibility,  impressibility,  or  passibility. 

HYPERESTHET'ICA,same  etymon.  Agents 
that  are  conceived  to  augment  general  sensibility 
— as  strychnia,  brucia,  &c.     Pureira. 

HYPJERAHTHERA  MORINGA,  Guilandina 
raoringa. 

HYPERANTHRAXIS,  see  Cholera. 

HYPERAPH'IA,  Oxyaphe,  Oxyaph'ia,  from 
'vvtp,  'in  excess/  and  'a(pr],  'touch.'  Excessive 
acuteness  of  touch. 

HYPERAPHRODIS'IA,  from  'vnep,  'in  ex- 
cess, and  A^/)oi5iTi7,  '  Venus.'  Excessivcvenereal 
desire. 

HYPER ASTHENI'A,  from  'vntp,  'in  excess/ 
and  aa-Osutia,  '  weakness.'     Excessive  debility. 

HYPER AUXE'SIS,  from  'vjrcp,  'over/  'above/ 
and  av^rjms,  'augmentation.'  Hyperepid'osis. 
Excessive  increase  or  enlargement  of  a  part  ,•— as 
Mypera.uxe'ais  Ir'idis,  an  excessive  enlargement 
of  the  iris,  so  as  to  stop  up  the  pupil. 

HYPERBOL'IC  {attitude),  from  'urcp,  'above, 
over,' and  jSuXXu,  '  I  throw.'  'Excessive.'  Galen, 
by  this  term,  designates  certain  extraordinary  at- 
titudes, in  which  the  limbs  and  vertebral  column 
are  in  a  state  of  complete  extension  or  flexion. 

HYPERBO'REAlSr,  from  'virep,  'beyond/  and 
Popeag,  '  the  north  wind.'  A  race  of  men  found 
at'the  extreme  north  of  the  two  continents,  in  the 
vicinity  of  the  polar  circle.  It  includes  the  Thi- 
betans, Ostiaks,  Kamtschadales,  Laplanders,  Sa- 
moiedes,  Esquimaux,  &c. 

HYPERBU'LIA,  from  'vncp,  'in  excess/  and 
povXv,  '  "will.'     Ungovernable  will  or  volition. 

HYPERCARDIA,  Heart,  hypertrophy  of  the. 

HYPERCARDIOTROPHIA,  Heart,  hypertro- 
phy of  the. 

HYPERCATAPINO'SIS,  from  'vrep,  'in  ex- 
cess/ and  Karainvuv,  'to  sip  up.'  Excessive  acti- 
vity of  absorption. 

HYPERCATHAR'SIS,  Hyperine'sis,  Ihjperi- 
nos,  Superpurga' tio,  Effrenita'tio,  from  'virtp,  '  in 
excess,'  and  Ka^apais,  'purgation.'  Superpurga- 
tion. 

HYPERCENO'SIS,  from  'vntp, '  in  excess,'  and 
<c£vw(T(f,  '  evacuation.'  Excessive  evacuation,  as 
of  blood,  bile,  &c. 

HYPERCERASIS,  Staphylcfma  of  the  coi-nea. 

UYPERCERATOSIS,  Staphyloma  of  the  cor- 
nea. 

HYPERCHOLIA,  Polycholia. 

HYPERCINE'SIA,  Hypercine'sis,  from  'uirtp, 
'above,  over,'  and  Kivrja-ts  (kivew,  'I  move/)  'mo- 
tion.'    Excessive  motion.     Under  the  term  hy- 


percinesis,  Romberg  includes  the  spasmodic  neu- 
roses. 

Hypercinesia  Nervosa,  see  Irritable  —  h- 
Uterina,  Hj'steria. 

HYPERCINESIS  GASTRICA,  Hypochondri- 
asis. 

HYPERCONJONCTIYITE,  see  Ophthalmia. 

HYPERCORYPHO'SIS,   from  'v-aep,  'above/ 

and  Kopvcp-q,  'the  vertex/  the   extreme  point  of 

anything.     The  lobes  of  the  liver  and  lungs. — 

Hippocrates. 

HYPERCRIN'IA,  ITyjjerdiac'risis,  Chymoee'. 
mia,  from  'vntp,  'above,'  and  Kpivo),  'I  separate.' 
A  morbid  increase  in  the  quantity  of  the  secre- 
tions. 

HYPER'CRISIS,  same  etymon.  Snperexcre'- 
tio,  Super evaciia' tio.  An  excessive  crisis,  or  eva- 
cuation ;  a  flux.  —  A  very  violent,  critical  effort, 
or  too  copious  critical  evacuations. — Galen. 

HYPERCYESIS,  Superfoetation. 

H Y P  E  R  D  ERMATO'SIS,  Hyperdermato'ma, 
Hyperdermo'sis,  JSyperdermo'ma,  from  'vttsp,  'in 
excess,'  and  btpua,  'skin.'  Hypertrophy  of  the 
skin. 

HYPERDIACRISIS,  Hypercrinia. 

HYPERDIURESIS,  Diabetes. 

HYPERDYNAMIA,  Hypersthenia. 

HYPERDYNAMIC,  ff7jperdynam'ioiis,  from 
'vTTcp,  '  in  excess,'  and  Swapts,  '  strength.'  Ap- 
pertaining to  or  having  the  characters  of  hyperdy- 
namia, or  excessive  strength — of  the  vital  powers 
more  especially. 

HYPERECHEMA,  see  Exaggerated. 

HYPERECHESIS,  see  Exaggerated. 

HYPEREM'ESIS,  ITy2)eremes'ia;  Vom'itus 
profu'sus,  from  v-Ktp,  'in  excess,'  and  tjutu,  'I 
vomit.'     Excessive  vomiting  after  an  emetic. 

HYPEREMIE,  Hypersemia  —  7(.  dn  Cerveav, 
Cephalohfemia  —  h.  Cerehrale,  Cephalohsemia  — 
h.  du  Foie,  Hepatohfemia  —  h.  de  la  Moelle  epi- 
niere,  Hypermyelohsemia — h.  des  Poumons,  gte- 
thsemia. 

HYPERENCEPHALOTROPEIE;  from 
'vTTtp,  '  in  excess,'  fyK£.(pa\ov,  '  the  eneephalon,' 
and  Tpo(pv,  'nourishment.'  Hypertrophy  of  the 
eneephalon. — Piorry. 

HYPERENCEPH'ALUS,  from  'vTtep,  'above/ 
and  Ki:(pa'\ri,  'the  head.'  A  monster  whose  ex- 
cessive brain  is  situate  in  the  skull. 

HYPERENDOSMOSE,  Inflammation. 

HYPERENERGI'A,  from  'vircp,  'in  excess/ 
and  Evepyeia,  'activity.'  Excessive  activity,  as 
of  the  nervous  system. 

HYPEREPHIDROSIS,  Ephidrosis. 

HYPEREPIDOSIS,  Hyperauxesis. 

HYPERERETHIS'IA,  from  'wep,  'in  excess/ 
and  cpedi^u),  '  I  excite.'     Excessive  irritability. 

HYPERES'IA,  'vTTtptma,  'a  ministry.'  This 
word  is  sometimes  applied  to  the  organs; — when 
it  means  function. 

HYPERESTHESIE,  Hypertcsthesis. 

HYPERETRIA,  Midwife. 

HYPERGEN'ESIS,  from  'vTztp,  'in  excess/ 
and  yevtaii,  '  generation.'  The  excess  of  forma- 
tive power,  which  gives  occasion  to  monstrosities 
by  excess  of  parts. 

HYPERGEUS'TIA,  Hypergeu'sis,  Eypera- 
sthe'sia  lingua,  Oxygen' sia,  from  'v-rcp,  'above,' 
and  ytuo-rif,  'taste.'  Excessive  sensibility  of  thi) 
organ  of  taste. 

HYPERHiEMATOSIS,  Inflammation. 

HYPERHiEJIIA,  Ilyperfemia. 

HYPERHEPA  TO  TR  OP  HIE,  Hepatauxe. 

HYPERHIDROSIS,  Ephidrosis. 

HYPERHO'RA,  from  'uirt/j,  'in  excess,'  and 


HYPERICUM 


459 


HYPHE 


'atpa,  'time.'    Premature  development  of  tlie  body, 
or  oi  some  part. 

HYPERI'CUM  BACCIF'ERUM,  Arbus'cula 
gummif  era,  Brazilieii'sis,  Caa-opia.  A  Brazilian 
tree,  whose  bark  admits  a  juice,  when  wounded, 
which  resembles  gamboge. 

Hypericum  Officinale,  H.  perforatum  —  h. 
Offioinarum,  II.  perforatum. 

Hypericum  Perfora'tum,  Hypericum,  H.  ojft- 
cina'le  seu  officina' rum  seu  vulga're  seu  Vircjin'i- 
cum,  Fuga  Dce'monum,  Androsat'mum,  Co'rion, 
Perforated  or  Common  St.  John's  Wort,  (F.)  Mil- 
lepertuis  ordinaire.  It  is  aromatic  and  astrin- 
gent, and  enters  into  a  number  of  aromatic  pre- 
parations j  and,  amongst  others,  into  the  Fall- 
trancks.  The  Oil  of  St.  John's  Wort,  O'leum 
hyperici,  Bal'samum  hyperiei  sim'plex,  is  made 
by  infusing  ^iv.  of  the  flowers  in  a  quart  of  olive 
oil.     It  is  vulnerary. 

Hypericum  Vieginicum,  H.  perforatum  —  b. 
Vulgare,  H.  perforatum. 

HYPERIDROSIS,  Ephidrosis. 

HYPERINESIS,  Hypercatharsis. 

HYPERINOS,  Hypercatharsis. 

HYPERINO'SIS,  Hyperplas'ma,  from  'vazp, 
'above,'  and  if,  tvo?,  'flesh.'  The  condition  of 
the  blood  in  which  it  contains  an  increase  in  the 
proportion  of  fibrin,  a  decrease  of  the  corpuscles  in 
proportion  to  the  excess  of  fibrin,  and  an  increase 
of  the  fat,  —  as  in  inflammation.  In  proportion 
to  the  increase  of  the  fibrin  and  fat,  and  the  de- 
crease of  the  corpuscles,  the  whole  solid  residue 
will  be  diminished.  Also,  morbidly  increased 
muscular  activity.^Siebenhaar. 

HYPERLYMPH'IA,  (¥.)Hyperlymphie;  from 
'uiTEp,  'in  excess,'  and  lympha.  Excessive  forma- 
tion or  accumulation  of  lymph, 

HYPERMETR0HE3IIE,  Metroh^mia. 

HYPERMNE'SIA,  from  'v-Kip,  'in  excess,'  and 
fivaofxai,  'I  recollect.'     Excessive  memory. 

HYPERMYEOLOHiE'MIA,  (F.)  Hyperimie 
de  la  Moelle  Epiniere,  Congestion  sanguine  rachi- 
dienne,  from  'uTrtp,  'in  excess,'  /jivcXos,  'marrow,' 
and  'aLjia,  'blood.'  Hyperaemia  of  the  spinal 
marrow.  ^ 

HYP  ERNE  PHROTROPHIE,  from  'u^cp, 
'in  excess,'  vtfpng,  'kidney,'  and  rpo<prj,  'nourish- 
ment.'    Hypertrophy  of  the  kidney. 

HYPERNEU'RIA,  from  'vmp,  'in  excess,'  and 
vevpov,  '  a  nerve.'     Excessive  nervous  activity. 

HYPERNEURO'MA,  same  etymon.  Morbid 
development  of  the  neurine  or  nervous  masses. 

H  Y  P  E  R  0  -  PHARYNGEUS,  Palato-pharyn- 
geus. 

HYPERO'A,  from  'vir^p,  'upon,'  and  (oov,  'a 
high  place.'  The  palatine  arch, — the  base  of  the 
cranium. 

Hyperoa,  Palate. 

HYPEROI'TIS,  Tnflamma'tio  pala'ti,  Angi'na 
Palati'na,  (F.)  Inflammation  du  Palais;  from  hy- 
peroa, 'the  palate,'  and  itis,  a  suffix  denoting  in- 
flammation.    Inflammation  of  the  velum  palati. 

HYPEROOCHAS'MA,  from  'vTTspu)a,  'the  pa- 
late, and  j(^a(rpa,  'an  opening;'  Lycos'toma,  Pa- 
la'tum  fissum.     Fissure  of  the  palate. 

HYPEROPSIA,  Oxyopia. 

HYPEROS,  Pilum. 

HYPBROSMIA,  Hyperosphresia, 

HYPEROSPHRE'SIA,  Hyperos'mia,  Eyper- 
CBSthe'sia  olfacto' ria,  Olfac'tus  acu'tus,  from  'virep, 
and  oafpriaig,  '  smeU.'  Excessive  acuteness  of 
smell. 

HYPEROSTOSIS,  Exostosis. 

HYPERPATHI'A,  from  'vKcp,  'in  excess,'  and 
Kadoc,  'suffering.'  Excessive  sensibility  in  dis- 
ease. 


HYPERPHLEBO'SIS,  from  'v-rrtp,  'in  excess,' 
and  (pXt^p,  'a  vein.'  Too  great  development  of 
the  venous  system  ;  predominant  venosity. 

HYPERPHLEGMASIA,  Hyperphlogosis. 

HYPERPHLOGO'SIS,  Epiphlogo'sis,  Hyj^r- 
phlegma'sia,  Inflamma'tio  peracu'ta,  from  'wTrtp, 
'above,'  and  ^Xoywais,  'inflammation.'  A  high 
degree  of  inflammation. 

HYPERPHRENIE,  Mania. 

HYPERPIMELE,  see  Polysarcia. 

HYPERPLASMA,  Hyperinosis. 

HYPERPLEXIE,  Ecstasis. 

HYPERPNEUSTIA,  Flatulence. 

HYPERPRESBYTIA,  Presbytia. 

HYPERSARCHIDIOS,  Physconia. 

HYPERSARCO'MA,  Hypersnrco'sis,  Hype.r- 
sarx'is,  from  'vnip,  '  above,'  and  o-apf,  '  flesh.'  A 
soft  fungous  excrescence,  especially  such  as  ap- 
pears upon  ulcerated  parts.  —  A  fangosity. 

HYPERSARCOSIS,  Excrescence,  Fungosity, 
— h.  Cordis,  Heart,  hj'pertrophy  of  the. 

HYPERSARXIS,  Hypersarcoma. 

HYPERSPADIAS,  Epispadias. 

HYPERSPASMIA,  Convulsion. 

HYPERSPLENOTROPHIE,  Splenoncus. 

HYPERSPONGIA,  Spina  ventosa. 

HYPERSTHENI'A,  Hyperdyna'mm,  Hyper, 
zoodyna'mia.  Status  inflammato'rius  verus ;  from 
'vrep,  'beyond,'  and  adivos,  'strength.'  Super- 
excitement.  A  morbid  condition,  characterized 
by  over-excitement  of  all  the  vital  phenomena. 

HYPERSTHENIC,  Stimulant. 

HYPERSTHENICUS,  Active,  Stimulant. 

HYPERTON'IA,  'vrrtp,  'beyond,'  and  rovos, 
'tone.'  Excess  of  tone  in  parts.  It  is  opposed 
to  atony. 

HYPERTROPH^'MIA,  from  'vwcp,  'above,' 
Tpotlm,  'nourishment,'  and  'aipa,  'blood.'  A  state 
in  which  the  plastic  powers  of  the  blood  are  in- 
creased. 

HYPERTROPHIA  CEREBRI,  Phrenauxe  — 
h.  Cordis,  Heart,  hypertrophy  of  the  —  h.  Glan- 
dularum,  Hyperadenosis — h.  Hepatis,  Hepatauxe 
— h.  Intestinorum,  Enterhypertrophia — h.  Lienis, 
Splenoncus  —  h.  Splenis,  Splenoncus  —  h.  Uteri, 
Metrauxe — h.  Vesicge  urinarise,  Cystauxe. 

HYPERTROPHIE  BU  CGEUR,  Heart,  hy- 
pertrophy  of  the  —  h.  du  Foie,  Hepatauxe — h.  de 
la  Rate,  Splenoncus  —  h.  du  Corps  Thyroide, 
Bronchocele. 

HYPERTROPHIED,  see  Hypertrophy. 

HYPERTROPHOUS,  see  Hypertrophy. 

HY'PERTROPHY,  Hyiiertrojih'ia,  from  'vnip, 
'beyond,'  and  rpotpri,  'nourishment.'  The  state 
of  a  part  in  which  the  nutrition  is  performed  with 
greater  activity ;  and  which,  on  that  account,  at 
length  acquires  unusual  bulk.  The  pai-t  thus 
affected  is  said  to  be  hypertroj^hied  or  hypertro~ 
phous. 

HYPERURESIS,  Enuresis  — h.  Aquosa,  Dia- 
betes. 

HYPERURORRHEE,  Diabetes— h.  Sacoha. 
rine,  Diabetes  (Mellitus.) 

HYPERZOODYNAMIA,  Hypersthenia. 

HYPEX'ODOS,  'vne^oSos,  from  'vno,  'beneath,' 
and  c^oSo;,  'passing  out.'  An  alvine  discharge 
or  flux.  —  Hippocrates. 

HYPEZOCUS,  Diaphragm,  Pleura. 

HYPHA,  Texture. 

HYPHEMA,  Ecchymoma. 

HYPH^MATO'SIS,  from  'utto,  'under,'  and 
'aifiaTtaais,  'sanguification.'  Morbidly  diminished 
hsematosis.  —  Sanguijica'tio  debil'ior, 

HYPH^MOS,  Subcruentus. 

HYPHE,  Texture. 


HYPHYDR05 


460 


HYPOC(ELIUM 


HTPHYDROS,  Hydropic. 

HYPINO'SIS,  Hypoplas'ma,  from  'vtto,  'un- 
der,' and  js,  (i/oj,  'flesh.'  The  condition  of  the 
blood  in  which  the  quantity  of  fibrin  is  frequently 
less  than  in  health,  or  if  it  amounts  to  the  usual 
quantity,  its  proportion  to  the  blood  corpuscles 
is  less  than  in  health :  the  quantity  of  corpuscles 
is  either  absolutely  increased  or  their  proportion 
to  the  fibrin  is  larger  than  in  healthy  blood;  the 
quantity  of  solid  constituents  is  also  frequently 
larger  than  in  health.  Such  is  the  condition  of 
the  blood  in  fevers,  hemorrhages,  and  polysemia. 
—  Simon. 

HYPN^STHESIS,  Somnolency. 

HYPNIA'TEPl,  (F.)  Hypniatre,  from  'vmoi, 
'  'sleep,'  and  Larpoq,  'a  physician.'  A  name  given 
to  deluded  or  designing  persons  who  have  aSirmed 
that  they  were  able,  during  their  'magnetic  sleep,' 
to  diagnosticate  disease  and  its  appropriate  treat- 
ment. 

HYPNIC,  Hyp'me.us,  from  'uttvos,  '  sleep.'  An 
agent  that  aifects  sleep.  —  Pereira. 

HYPNOBATASIS,  Somnambulism. 

HYPNOBATES,  Somnambulist. 

HYPNOBATESIS,  Somnambulism. 

HfPNOBATIA,  Somnambulism. 

H  YPNO'DES,  'vvvuibrjq,  from  'vto,  'under,'  and 
'urrv  »j,  'sleep.'  One  in  a  state  of  slumber  or  som- 
nolency. 

HYPNODIA,  Somnolency. 

HYPiS[OLOG"ICA,  Hypnolog"ice.  The  part 
of  hygiene  which  treats  of  sleep. 

HYPNOL'OGY,  Hypnolog"ia,  from  'vttvos,  and 
Xoyof,  'a  discourse.'  Same  etymon.  A  treatise 
on  sleep.     The  doctrine  of  sleep. 

HYPNOiSrERGIA,  Somnambulism. 

HYPNOPOEUS,  Somniferous. 

HYPNOS,  Sleep. 

HYPNOSIS  BIOMAGNETICA,  Sleep,  mag- 
netic. 

HYPNOTIC,  Somniferous. 

HYPNOTISM,  Somnambulism,  magnetic;  see 
Magnetism,  animal. 

HYPNOTIZED,  see  Mesmerized. 

HYPO,  'uTTo,  'under,'  ' suh.'     In  composition. 

Hypo,  Hypochondriasis. 

HYPO^MA,  Eechymoma. 

HYPO^MIA,  Eechymoma. 

HYPOBLEPH'ARUM,  from  'v-no,  'under,'  and 
i8X£0apov,  'eyelid.'  Tumefaction  under  one  or 
both  eyelids.  Also,  an  artificial  eye,  placed  un- 
der the  eyelids. 

HYPOCAPNISMA,  Suffimentum. 

HYPOCAPNISMUS,  Fumigation. 

HYPOCARO'DES,  Subsopora'tus,  from  'vto, 
'  under,'  and  Ka^os,  '  a  heavy  sleep.'  One  who  is 
in  a  state  approaching  carus.  —  Hippocrates. 

HYPOCATHAR'SIS,  from  'wtto,  'beneath,'  and 
(ca-Sapo-if,  'purgation.'  Too  feeble  purgation.  A 
word  opposed  to  hypercatharsis. 

HYPOCATHARTICUS,  Laxative. 

HYPOCAUS'TUM,  from  'vko,  'beneath,'  and 
/tajci),  '  I  burn.'  A  name  given  to  a  stove,  or  any 
such  contrivance,  to  sweat  in.  Also,  a  furnace 
ir.  any  subterraneous  place,  used  for  heating 
baths  :  —  'v-rtoKavarov,  Balnea'rium,  Vaiwra'rium. 

HYPOCEPHAL^'UM,  from  'wo,  'under,'  and 
%ifa!.ri,  '  head.'     A  pillow  for  the  head. 

HYPOGERCHA'LEON,  from  'vrro,  and  Kcp- 
\a\toi,  '  hoarse.'  Roughness  of  the  fauces  affect- 
ing the  voice.  — Hippocrates. 

HYPOOHLORETUM  SULPHUROSUM,  Sul- 
phur, chloride  of. 

HYPOCHLOROM'ELAS,  sxih-pal'lide  m'gri- 
cana,  from  "ur..,  ■j^Aupoj,  'green,'  and  ficXas.  'black.' 


A  term  applied  to  one  whose  skin  is  pale,  wiUi  a 
blackish  hue.  —  Hinpocr.,  Galen. 

HYPOCHOILION,  Abdomen. 

HY'POCHONDRE,  Hypochon' drium,  Svhcar- 
tilagin' exim,  Re'gio  Hypochondri' aca,  Hypoehon'- 
driac  Region,  from  'vro,  'under,'  and  ;y;oi'^pof,  'a 
cartilage.'  Each  lateral  and  superior  region  of 
the  abdomen  is  so  called,  because  it  is  bounded 
by  the  cartilaginous  margin  of  the  false  ribs, 
which  forms  the  base  of  the  chest.  There  is  a 
right  and  a  left  hypochondrium. 

HYPOCHON'DRIAC,  Bypochondri'acits,  Hy- 
pochondri'acal,  Va'poury,  Va'p>oHrish,  (F.)  Hypo- 
chondriaque.  Same  etymon.  Belonging  to  hy- 
pochondriasis. One  labouring  under  hypochon- 
driasis. 

HYPOCHONDRIACISMUS,Hypochondriasis. 

HYPOCHONDRIALGIA,  Hypochondriasis. 

HYPOCHONDRIAQVE,  Hypochondriac. 

HYPOCHONDRI'ASIS.  Same  etymon.  Alu'- 
sia  hypochondriasis,  Morbus  hypochondri' acus,  M. 
Resiccato'rius,  M.  Ructuo'sus,  Malum  hyp)ochon- 
dri'acum,  Hallucina' tio  hypochondriasis,  Hypo- 
chondriacis'miis,  Hypochondricis'mus,  Dyspept'sia 
hypochondriasis,  Pas'sio  hypochondriaca,  Affec'- 
tio  hypochondriaca,  Anathymi'asis,  Hypercine'sia 
gastrica,  Spleiies,  Melancholia  nervea,  M.fiatiio'- 
sa,  M.  hypochondri' aca,  Suffoca'tio  hypochondri'- 
aca.  Morbus  Jiatuo'siis,  3f.  erndito'rum,  Fomesven- 
tric'uli.  Ifypochondrism,  Hypo,  Spleen,  Vapiours, 
English  Malady,  Loio  Spirits,  (F.)  Hypoehon- 
drie,  Maladie  imaginaire,  Maladie  Anglaise,  Af- 
fection vaporeuse,  Vapeurs.  This  disease  is  pro- 
bably so  called,  from  the  circumstance  of  some 
hypochondriacs  having  felt  an  uneasy  sensation 
in  the  hypochondriac  regions.  The  disease  seem? 
really  to  be,  as  Pinel  has  classed  it,  a  species  of 
neurosis,  and  of  mental  alienation,  which  is  ob- 
served in  persons  who  in  other  respects  are  of 
sound  judgment,  but  who  reason  erroneously  on 
whatever  concerns  their  own  health.  Hypochon- 
driasis is  characterized  by  disordered  digestion, 
without  fever  or  local  lesion  ;  flatulence ;  borbo- 
rygmi ;  extreme  increase  of  sensibility ;  palpita- 
tions ;  illusions  of  the  senses ;  a  succession  of 
morbid  feelings,  which  appear  to  simulate  the 
greater  part  of  diseases ;  panics ;  exaggerated 
uneasiness  of  various  kinds ;  chiefly  in  what  re- 
gards the  health,  &c.  Indigestion  has  usually 
been  considered  the  cause  of  hypochondriasis. 
They  are,  unquestionably,  much  connected  witli 
each  other :  but  there  is  every  reason  to  believe, 
that  the  seat  of  the  affection  is  really,  though 
functionally,  in  the  brain.  The  disease  almost 
always  appears  at  the  adult  age,  most  commonly 
in  irritable  individuals  ;  and,  in  those  exhausted, 
or  rather  in  the  habit  of  being  exhausted,  by 
mental  labour,  overwhelmed  with  domestic  or 
public  affairs,  &c. 

The  treatment  is  almost  entirely  moral.  The 
condition  of  the  digestive  function  must,  however, 
be  accurately  attended  to. 

HYPOCHONDRICISMUS,  Hypochondriasis. 

HYPOCHONDRISM,  Hypochondriasis. 

HYPOCHOREMA,  Excrement. 

HYPOCHORESIS,  Dejection,  Defecation,  Ex- 
crement. 

HYPOCHORETICUS,  Cathartic. 

HYPOCHYMA,  Cataract. 

HYPOCHYROSIS,  Baryecoia. 

HYPOCHYSIS  H^MATODES,Hwmophthal. 
mia. 

HYPOCISTIS,  Cvtinus. 

HYPOCLEP'TICUM,  from  'vno,  'beneath,' 
and  kXctttm,  '  I  steal.'  A  chymical  vessel,  fcr- 
merlv  used  for  separating  oil  from  water. 

HYPOCCELIS,  Palpebra  inferior. 

HYPOC(ELIUM,  Abdomen. 


HYPOCCELUM 


461 


HYPOPEDIUM 


HTPOCCELUM,  Hypocoilon,  Palpebra  inferior. 

B.YP0C01''L0'S,Hij2}oc€e'lon,Hi/pocre'him,Hi/- 
voc'ylum,  from  'u-o,  'under/  and  koiXov,  'a  ca- 
vity.' A  cavity  situate  under  the  lower  eyelid. 
The  lower  eyelid  itself. 

HYPOCOPHOSIS,  Baryecoia,  Deafness. 

HYPOCRA'NITJM  (Apostejia),  from  'utto,  'un- 
der,' and  Kpaviov,  '  the  cranium.'  A  collection  of 
pus  between  the  cranium  and  dura  mater. 

HYPOCYLUM,  Hypocoilon,  Palpebra  inferior. 

HYPOCYSTEOTOMIA,  see  Lithotomy. 

HYPODERIS,  Epideris. 

HYPODERMAT'OMY,fl'y230(?erwiatoOT'ja,from 
'v-ro,  'under/  &tpfia,  '  the  skin/  and  to//i7j  'inci- 
sion.' The  section  of  subcutaneous  parts,  as  of 
tendons  and  muscles. 

HYPODERMIS,  Clitoris,  Epideris. 

HYPODERRHIS,  Epideris. 

HYPODESMA,  Bandage. 

HYPODYNAMIC,  Adynamic. 

HYPODYN'IA,  from  'vno,  'under,'  and  o^wv;?, 
'pain.'     Dolor  mitis  sen  lenis,     A  slight  pain. 

HYPOGALA,  Hypopyon. 

HYPOGASTRAL'GIA,  from  'v^ToyasTpiov,  'the 
hypogastrium/  and  aXyos,  'pain.'  Pain  in  the 
hypogastrium. 

HYPOGAS'TRIC,  Hypogas'trims.  Relating 
or  belonging  to  the  hypogastrium. 

Hypogastric  Artekt,  A.  Tli'aca  inter'na,  A. 
Hi' aca paste' rior,  A. pelvienne — (Ch.),  is  the  more 
internal  of  the  two  branches  into  which  the  pri- 
mary iliac  divides.  It  descends  into  the  cavity 
of  the  pelvis,  and  gives  off  a  considerable  number 
of  branches,  which  arise,  at  times,  separately;  at 
others,  by  common  trunks.  These  branches  are, 
1.  The  posterior,  i.  e.  the  ilio-lumbar  arteries,  la- 
teral, sacral,  and  gluteal.  2.  The  anterior,  i.  e. 
the  umbilical,  vesical,  and  obturator.  3.  The  in- 
ternal, the  middle  hemorrhoidal  arteries,  uterine, 
and  vaginal  in  women.  4.  The  inferior,  i.  e.  the 
ischiatic  arteries,  and  internal  pudic. 

Hypogas'tric  Gan'glion.  a  large  nervous 
ganglion,  described  by  Dr.  Robt.  Lee  as  seated 
on  each  side  of  the  cervix  uteri,  immediately  be- 
hind the  ureter ;  which  receives  the  greater  num- 
ber of  the  nerves  of  the  hypogastric  and  sacral 
plexuses,  and  distributes  branches  to  the  uterus, 
vagina,  bladder,  and  rectum. 

Hypogastric  Operation  of  Lithotomy,  (F.) 
Taille  hypogastrique.  The  high  operation,  or 
that  practised  above  the  pubes. 

Hypogastric  Plexus,  P?e,TMSsot(s-mesenf^n9'«e 
of  Winslow,  is  situate  at  the  lateral  and  posterior 
parts  of  the  rectum  and  the  has  fond  of  the  blad- 
der. It  is  formed  by  the  sacral  nerves  and  the 
inferior  mesenteric  plexus,  and  gives  oiT  numerous 
filaments,  which  accompany  the  arteries  that  pass 
to  the  rectum  and  genital  organs. 

Hypogastric  Yeix  furnishes  nearly  the  same 
branches. 

HYPOGASTRIOX,  Abdomen,  Hypogastrium. 
HYPOGAS'TRIUM,  Hypogas'trion,  from  'u-o, 
'under,'  and  yaarrip,  'the  stomach  or  belly/ 
Etron,  rjTpjv.  Venter  imus,  V.  parvus,  AqvMlic'- 
vl'is,  Samen,  Rumen.  The  lower  part  of  the  ab- 
domen. The  Hypogastric  region,  Re'gio  Jii/po- 
gas'trica  seu  hypogas'tria,  which  extends  as  high 
as  three  fingers'  breadth  beneath  the  umbilicus, 
is  divided  into  three  secondary  regions  —  one 
■middle  or  pubie,  and  two  lateral  or  inguinal. 

HYPOGASTROCE'LE,  from  'vno,  'under/ 
yao-TT7p,  'the  stomach  or  belly/ and  xjjX?;,  'a  tu- 
mour.' Hernia  in  the  hypogastric  region,  occur- 
ring through  the  separated  fibres  of  the  lower 
part  of  the  linea  alba.  See  Hernia,  hypogastric. 
HYPOGASTRODID'YMUS,  Did'ymus  Sym- 
phyohypogas'tricus,  Ischiopa' ges,  from  'vno,  '  un- 


der,' yacTrip,  'the  belly/  and  SiSv/ios,  *a  twin.'  A 
monstrosity  in  which  twins  are  united  by  the 
hypogastrium. — Gurlt. 

HYPOGASTROBIXIS,  Eventration. 
HYPOGLOSSA,  Hypoglottides. 
HYPOGLOSSIA,  Hypoglottides. 
HYPOGLOSSIADENI'TIS,  from  'vro,  'under/ 
yXciJtro-a,  'tongue,'  aSnv,  'a  gland/  and  itis,  deno- 
ting inflammation.      Inflarnma'tio   glanduJa' rvm 
sublingua'lium.     Inflammation  of  the  sublL'>gual 
gland. 

HYPOGLOSSIDIA,  Hypoglottides. 

HYPOGLOSSIS,  Ranula. 

HYPOGLOSSIUM,  Ranula. 

HYPOGLOSSUM,  Ruscus  hypoglossum,  Ra- 
nula. 

HYPOGLOS'SUS,  from  'vtto,  'under,'  and 
yXiDCTua,  'the  tongue/  That  which  is  under  the 
tongue. 

Hypoglossus,  Hypoglossal  Nerve,  Nerf  Hypo- 
glosse  ou  Grand  Hypoglosse,  Hypoglossien  (Ch.), 
Lingual  N.,  Gustatory  N.,  Lingua'lis  Me'dius,  is 
the  ninth  p>air  of  nerves  of  many  anatomists.  It 
arises  by  ten  or  twelve  very  fine  filaments  from 
the  grooves,  which  separate  the  corpora  pyrarai- 
dalia  from  the  C.  olivaria:  issues  from  the  cra- 
nium by  the  foramen  eondyloideum  anterius;  and 
divides,  near  the  angle  of  the  jaw,  into  two 
branches ;  the  one,  the  cervica'lis  descendens  or 
descen'dens  noni.  It  forms,  with  the  cervical 
plexus,  a  large  anastomotic  arch,  and  furnishes 
branches  to  several  of  the  muscles  of  the  neck. 
The  other,  the  lingual  branch,  is  the  continuation 
of  the  principal  trunk,  and  gives  its  numerous 
filaments  to  the  muscles  of  the  tongue  and  pha- 
rynx. The  ninth  pair  communicates  motion  to 
the  muscles  to  which  it  is  distributed. 

HYPOGLOTTIA,  Hypoglottides. 

HYPOGLOTT'IDES,  (PILULiE,)  Hypoglos'- 
sia,  Eypoglot'tia,  Eypoglos'sa,  Eypoglot'ta,  Ey- 
poglossid'ia,  Pil'ulcB  suhlingua'les.  Pills  placed 
under  the  tonerue  to  dissolve  there. 

HYPO  GLOTTIS,  Ranula. 

HYPOGLU'TIS,  from  'vno,  'under,'  and  yXou- 
TOi,  'the  nates.'  The  lower  and  projecting  part 
of  the  nates.  —  Gorrteus. 

HYPOGXATHADEX,  Submaxillary  gland. 

HYPOGNATHADENI'TIS,ir^joos?"a/ade)n''?)".s, 
from  hypognathaden,  the  submaxillary  gland,  and 
itis,  denoting  inflammation.  Inflammation  of  the 
submaxillary  gland. 

HYPOLEPSIOMANIA,  Melancholy. 

HYPO'MIA,  from  'vno,  'under,  and  ujiog,  'the 
shoulder.'  The  projecting  part  of  the  shoulder. — 
Castelli,  Galen. 

Hypomia,  Axilla. 

HYPOMNESIS,  Memory. 

EYPONARTEEGIE,  Eyponarthe'eia,  from 
'vno,  'under,'  and  vapBn^,  'a  splint.'  A  term  used 
by  M.  Mayor  for  his  mode  of  treating  fractures 
by  position  only,  —  the  limb  resting  upon  a  pro- 
perly cushioned  Ijoard  or  splint. 

HYPONEU'RIA.  from 'un-o,  'under/ and  vt-,- 
pov,  'a  nerve/  Morbidly  diminished  nervous 
energy. 

HYPOX'OMOS,  Ulcus  sultns  dcjms'cens,  from 
'vno,  ' under,' and  v£//(i),  'I  feed.'  A  deep  fistula 
or  ulcer. 

HYPON'YCHON,  from  'vno,  'under,'  and  ovy^, 
'the  nail.'  Ecchymo'ma  Hypomjehon.  Efiusion 
of  blood  under  a  nail. 

HYPOPATHI'A,  Subaffec'tio,  from  'vno,  'un- 
der,' and  naOos,  '  disease.'  A  disease  of  a  slight 
character. 

HYPOPATUS,  Dejectio. 

HYPOPE'DIUM,  from  'vno,  'under,'  and  n-oof, 
'  the  foot/    A  ca\Aplasm  tor  the  sole  of  the  foot 


HTPOPHASIS 


462 


HTPOXTS  ERECTA 


HYPOPH'ASIS,  from  'vtto,  'under,'  and  <l)atvoi, 
'I  appear.'  The  state  of  the  eyes  in  -which  the 
white  only  is  seen  through  the  opening  of  the 
eyelids.  —  Hippocrates. 

HYPOPHLEGMAPIA,  Sul)infiammatio. 

HYPOPH'ORA,  from  'vtto,  '  under,'  and  <psp<o, 
'  I  carry  ;'  Ulcus  sinuo' sum  sen  fistula' sum.  A  fis- 
tulous ulcer. —  Galen.     A  dejection. 

HYPOPHTHALMIA,  Hypopyon. 

HYPOPHTHAL'MION,  from  'vrro,  'under,' 
and  o<p^aXnos,  '  the  eye.'  That  part  under  the  eye 
where  tedema  generally  commences  in  chronic 
diseases  and  in  cachexia.  —  Hippocrates. 

HYPOPHYSIS,  Cataract,  Epigone  — h.  Cere- 
bri, Pituitary  gland. 

HYPOP'ITYS  LANUGINO'SA,  American 
Pine-sap,  False  Beech-drops,  Birds'  Nest.  Indi- 
genous ;  flowering  from  June  to  August.  Order, 
Ericaceaj.  Used  as  a  nervine  in  the  form  of  the 
powdered  root. 

HYPO'PIUM,  from  'uro,  'under,'  and  a<//, 
'eye.'  The  part  of  the  face  under  the  eye:  —  a 
black  eye. 

Hypopiitm  Os,  Mala3  os. 

HYPOPLASMA.  Hypinosis. 

HYPOPLAST^'MA,  from  'dtto,  'under,'  vU(7- 
TLKos,  'formative,'  and  'aijia,  'blood.'  Diminished 
plasticity  of  the  blood. 

HYPOPLEURIUS,  Pleura. 

HYPOPO'DIA,  Supplanta'Ua,  Suppeda'nea, 
from  'btto,  '  under,'  and  ttovs,  '  the  foot.'  Reme- 
dies, as  sinapisms,  which  are  applied  under  the 
foot. 

HYPOP'YON',  Hypop'yum,  Ili/pophthal'mia, 
Pyophthal'mia,  Empije'sis  seu  Diapye'sis  Oc'uli, 
Oc'uhts  purulen'tus,  Lunella,  Hypog'ala,  Hypo- 
pyum  lac'teum,  Pyo'sis,  Ahacessus  Oe'vU,  Parnp'- 
ais  Stajohylo'ma  purulenttim ;  from  'vtto,  'under,' 
and  TTvov,  'pus;'  because  the  pus  is  under  the 
cornea.  This  name  has  been  given  to  small  ab- 
scesses between  the  laminEe  of  the  cornea,  as  well 
as  to  different  purulent  collections  in  the  cham- 
bers of  the  eye ;  hence,  some  pathologists  have 
distinguished  Hypop'yon  of  the  chambers  from 
Hypop'yon  of  the  Cor'nea,  In  abscesses  of  the 
chambers,  the  purulent  matter  is  mixed  with  the 
aqueous  humour,  which  it  renders  turbid ;  and  is 
deposited  particularly  at  the  lower  part  of  the 
eye ;  forming  behind  the  cornea  a  kind  of  whitish 
crescent,  that  rises  more  or  less  before  the  pupil, 
and  closes  it  entirely  or  in  part.  It  requires  the 
use  of  local  and  general  antiphlogistics,  and  sor- 
befacicnts.  At  times,  it  is  necessary  to  puncture 
the  cornea  and  evacuate  the  pus. 

HYPOPYUM  LACTEUM,  Hypopyon. 

HYPORIN'ION,  Hyporrhin'inm,  from  'vtto, 
'under,'  and  piv,  'the  nose.'  That  part  of  the 
beard  which  grows  beneath  the  nose.  The  mus- 
taches.    Also,  the  upper  lip. 

HYPORRHYSIS,  Defluxion,  Prolapsus. 

HYPOSA'PRIJS,  Suhputris,  Putres'cens.  Grow- 
ing putrid.     Slightly  putrid. 

HYPOSAR'CA,  from  'vtto,  'under,'  and  napl, 
'flesh.'  Hyposarcid'iua,  Anasarca.  In  Linne's 
and  in  Cullen's  Nosology,  it  is  synonymous  with 
i^hyiconia. 

ilYPOSARCIDIUS,  Anasarca,  Hyposarca. 

HYPOSARCO'SIS,  from  'vtto,  'under,'  and 
oupK(j)o-ii,  'a  fleshy  growth.'  A  small,  fleshy 
growth  :  — a  wart. 

HYPOSIAGONARTHRI'TIS,  from  'vtto,  'un- 
(inr,  ciaywv,  'thi  jawbone,'  apOpov,  'a  joint,'  and 
■id's,  denoting  inflammation;  Infiamma'tio  arlie'- 
vd  ntaxil'lm  iiiferio' ris.  Inflammation  of  the  joint 
of  the  lower  jaw. 

HYPOSIALADENITIS,  Hypognathadenitis. 


HYPOSPA'DIA>  from  'vtto,  'under,'  and  oraM, 
'  I  draw.'  A  malformation,  in  which  the  canal 
of  the  urethra,  instead  of  opening  at  the  apex  of 
the  glans,  terminates  at  its  base,  or  beneath  the 
penis,  at  a  greater  or  less  distance  from  the  sym- 
physis pubis.  When  the  orifice  of  the  urethra  is 
very  near  the  root  of  the  penis,  the  scrotum  is 
divided,  as  it  were,  into  two  great  labia ;  and 
this  malformation  has  often  been  taken  for  a  ca&e 
of  hermaphrodism.  Hypospadias  is  ordinarily 
incurable ;  and  an  idea  has  been  entertained  that 
it  is  the  cause  of  impotence.  It  is  not  exactly 
so ;  but  it  renders  impregnation  less  probable. 

HYPOSPA'DIAS,  Hypospadia}' us,  Hypospad'- 
ieus.     One  aifected  with  hypospadia. 

HYPOSPHAG'MA,  from  'vtto,  'under,'  and 
0-00^0),  '  I  kill.'  The  coagulated  blood,  which  is 
collected  when  an  animal  is  killed  and  used  for 
food.  Also,  an  effusion  of  blood,  especially  under 
the  conjunctiva. 

Hyposphagma,  Hsemophthalmla. 

HYPOSTAPHYLE,  Staphyloedema. 

HYPOSTAPHYLITIS,  Staphyloedema. 

HYPOS'TASES,  from  'vro,  'under,'  and  trraais, 
'  the  act  of  placing.'  Morbid  depositions  in  the 
body. 

HYPOSTASIS,  Sediment. 

liYP0STAT'IG,Hy2>ostat'icus,{Tom  'v^o,  'un- 
der,' and  craats,  'stagnation.'  Relating  to  hy- 
postases, sediments  or  depositions. 

Hypostatic  Hyper^'mia.  A  congestion  of 
blood  in  the  vessels  of  a  part  caused  by  its  de- 
pending position. 

HYPOSTEMA,  Sediment. 

HYPOSTHENIC^  Contrastimulant. 

HYPOS'TROPHE,  'vT:o<xTpo<pv,  'change  of  po- 
sition,' from  'vtto,  and  orpf^w,  '  I  turn.'  Act  of  a 
patient  turning  himself.  Also,  a  relapse  or  return 
of  a  disease.  —  Hippoc,  Foesius. 

HYPOSYPH'ILIS,  from  'vtto,  'under,'  and 
Syphilis.     A  mild  form  of  syphilis. 

HYPOTH'ENAR,  ^'H6Vo?a,  from  'vtto,  'under,' 
and  Scrap,  'the  palm  of  the  hand  or  sole  of  the 
foot.'  Hgjiothenar  Eminence.  The  fleshy  projec- 
tion of  the  palmar  surface  of  the  hand,  which  cor- 
responds with  the  little  finger,  and  is  supported 
by  the  fifth  metacarpal  bone.  This  eminence  ig 
formed  of  four  muscles  :  the  Palmaris  hrevis,  Ad- 
ductor minimi  digiti.  Flexor  hrevis  ininimi  di- 
giti,  and  Opponens  minimi  digiti.  The  name 
Ilypothenar  has  also  been  given  to  diiferent  mus- 
cles of  the  hand.  The  Hypothenar  min'imi  digiti 
of  Riolan  comprehended  the  Abductor,  Flexor 
brevis  und  Opponens  minimi  digiti/  and  his  mus- 
cle, Hypiothenar  pol'licis,  corresponded  to  the  Ab- 
ductor, and  a  portion  of  the  Flexor  brevis  ])ollicis. 
Winslow  called  muscle  petit  hypothenar  ou  hypo- 
thenar du  petit  doigt,  the  Adductor  minimi  digiti. 

Hypothenar  Minimi  Digiti,  Flexor  parvus 
minimi  digiti — h.  Minor  metacarpeus.  Abductor 
minimi  digiti — h.  Riolani,  Flexor  parvus  minimi 
digiti. 

HYPOTHETON.  Suppositorv. 

HYPOTIIYMIAMA,  Fumigation. 

HYPOTHYMIASIS,  Fumigation. 

JIYPO'TIUM,  [Emplastrum  ;)  from  'vtto,  'un- 
der,' and  oDf,  'the  ear.'  Eynplastrum  auricula' re ; 
a  plaster  applied  behind  or  under  the  ear. 

HYPOTROPE,  Relapse. 

IIYPOTROPH'IA.from  Wo, 'under,' and Tpo(;>;;, 
'  nourishment.'  Scanty  nourishment,  or  nutrition. 
HYPOTROPIASMUS,  Relapse. 
HYPOTRYGUS,  Feculent. 
HYPOUTRION,  Abdomen. 
HYPOX'YS  ERECTA,  Stargrase;  indigo- 


HTPOZOMA 


463 


HYSTEROLOGY 


nous ;  Order,  Amaryllidacese.  The  root  is  eaten, 
and  has  been  used  as  a  vulnerary  j  and  in  chronic 
ulcers  and  agues. 

HYPOZO'MA,  from  'v-o,  'under,' and  ^wwupj, 
'  I  bind  round ;'  llemhrana  succin'gens.  A  mem- 
brane or  septum,  as  the  mediastinum,  diaphragm, 
&c. 

HYPPOCRAS,  Claret. 

HYPSELOGLOSSUS,  Basioglossus. 

HYPSILODES,  OS,  Hyoides,  os. 

HYPSILOGLOSSUS,  Hyoglossus. 

HYPSOPHO'NUS,  from '«i/^of,' high,' and  <^  cur)?, 
'  voice.'     One  who  has  a  clear  loud  voice. 

HYPSOSIS,  Sublimation. 

HYPTIASMA,  Supination. 

HYPTIAS'MOS,  from  'uTrna^w,  'I  lie  with  the 
face  upwards.'  Lying  in  a  supine  posture.  Also, 
inversion  of  the  stomach,  as  in  nausea,  regurgi- 
tation, or  vomiting.  —  Hippocr.,  Galen. 

HYPU'LUS,  from  'viro,  and  ouAi;,  'cicatrix.' 
Imperfectly  cicatrized. 

Ulecra  Hi/pii'la.    Ulcers  healed  at  the  top,  but 
^  not  at  the  bottom. 

HYRA'CEUM.  A  substance  found  in  the 
Cape  Colony,  which  Thunberg  and  other  travel- 
lers mistook  for  a  kind  of  bitumen  ;  but,  accord- 
ing to  Dr.  Pappe,  it  is  obtained  from  the  urine  of 
the  Klipdas  or  Hyrax  Capeusis,  which,  when 
passed,  is  thick  and  of  a  glutinous  nature.  The 
animal  is  in  the  habit  of  evacuating  the  urine  at 
one  spot,  where  its  aqueous  parts  evaporate  in 
the  sun  —  the  more  tenacious  adhering  to  the 
rock  and  hardening. 

In  smell,  and  medical  properties,  it  most  re- 
sembles castor,  which,  according  to  Dr.  Pappe,  it 
may  replace.  It  is  used  by  the  Cape  farmers  in 
nervous  and  spasmodic  affections. 

HYRAX  CAPENSIS,  see  Hyraceum. 

HYRTOCHEILIDES,  Labia  pudendi. 

HYSSOP,  Hjssopus  — h.  Hedge,  Gratiola  offi- 
cinalis. 

HYSSOPI'TES.  Ancient  name  of  a  wine,  of 
which  hyssop  was  the  chief  ingredient,  and  which 
Dioscorides  extolled  in  chronic  inflammation  of 
the  chest.  It  was  regarded  as  diuretic  and  em- 
menagogue. 

HYSSO'PUS,  from  the  Hebr.  Azob,  Cassi'la, 
Hyssopus  officina'Hs,  Common  hyssop.  It  has  been 
chiefly  used  as  an  aromatic,  stimulant,  and  pecto- 
ral, in  the  form  of  infusion. 

HYSTERA,  'i)(rr£f)a,'ucrT£pi7, 'the uterus.'  Hence: 

Hystera,  Seeundines. 

HYSTERAL'GIA,  Hysterodyn'ia,  (P.)  For- 
traiture,  from  'varspa,  '  the  uterus,'  and  a\yos, 
'pain.'  Pain  in  the  uterus.  Irritable  uterus,  (F.) 
Nevralf/ie  de  V uterus.  Hippocrates  uses  the  epi- 
thet Hysteral'ges,  vuTtpakYVi,  for  any  thing  that 
excites  uterine  pain ;  and,  especially,  for  vinegar. 

Hysteralgia  Catarrhalis,  Metrorrheuma — 
h.  Galactica,  Phlegmatia  alba  dolens  —  h.  Lochi- 
aiis,  Dyslochia — h.  Rheumatica,  Metrorrheuma. 

HYSTERATRE'SIA,  from  'vartfa,  'the  ute- 
rus,' and  aTf)riros,  '  imperforate.'  Imperforation 
of  the  OS  uteri. 

HYSTERELCO'SIS,from  'vare^a,  'uterus,' and 
'sXfcof, 'an  ulcer.'  U'teriexulcera'tio,  U'teri  ulcus. 
Ulceration  of  the  uterus. 

HYSTERELOSIS,  Hysteroloxia, 
HYSTEREMPHYSEMA,  Physometra. 
HYSTE'RIA,  II.  var/a,  Hysterieia'muSyHysteris- 
mus.  Hysterias,  Hysteri'asis,  Hysterojiathi'n,  Hy- 
percine'sia  uteri'na,  IT.  hyste'ria,  Uteri  adscen'- 
eus,  Siiffuca'tio  hyster'ica,  S.  uteri'na,  S.  Mulie'- 
rum.  Asthma  u'teri,  Prce/oca'tio  matri'cis  seu 
uteri'na,  Syspa'si'a  hysteria.  Malum  hyster'icum, 
M.  hTjstericohypochondri' acum,  Vapo'rea  uteri'ni, 


Affec'tio  hyster'ica,  Paasio  hysterica,  Iforhas  J>.y- 
ster'icus,  Strangula'tio  uteri'na,  S.  VidvcB,  Va- 
pours,  Hysier'ics,  Hysteric  Jit,  (F.)  Hysteric,  Mai 
de  Mere,  Maladie  imaginaire.  Passion  hysterique, 
Suffocation  uterine,  Etranglement,  Epilepsie  ute- 
rine, Vapeurs,  Manx  de  Nerfs,  from  'varepa,  'the 
uterus.'  A  species  of  nenrosis,  classed  amongst  the 
spasmi  by  Sauvages  and  CuUen,  and  in  the  Niv- 
roses  de  la  generation,  by  Pinel.  It  received  the 
name  of  hysteria,  because  it  was  reputed  to  have 
its  seat  in  the  uterus.  It  generally  occurs  in 
paroxysms  ;  the  principal  characters  of  which  con- 
sist in  alternate  fits  of  laughing  and  crying,  with 
a  sensation  as  if  a  ball  set  out  from  the  uterus 
and  ascended  towards  the  stomach,  chest,  and 
neck,  producing  a  sense  of  strangulation.  If  the 
attack  be  violent,  there  is,  sometimes,  loss  of  con- 
sciousness (although  the  presence  of  conscious- 
ness generally  distinguishes  it  from  epilepsy)  and 
convulsions.  The  duration  of  the  attacks  is  very 
variable.  It  appears  to  be  dependent  upon  irre- 
gularity of  nervous  distribution  in  very  impressi- 
ble persons,  and  is  not  confined  to  the  female; 
for  well  marked  cases  of  hysteria  are  occasionally 
met  with  in  men.  During  the  fit,  —  dashing  cold 
water  on  the  face  ;  stimulants  applied  to  the  nose 
or  exhibited  internally,  and  antispasmodics  form 
the  therapeutical  agents.  Exercise,  tranquillity 
of  mind,  amusing  and  agreeable  occupations  con- 
stitute the  prophylactics.     See  Mania,  dancing. 

Hysteria  Cataleptica,  Catalepsy  —  h.  Vaga, 
Hysteria. 
"hysterias.  Hysteria. 

HYSTERIASIS,  Hysteria. 

HYSTERICA,  see  Hysterical. 

HYSTERICAL,  Hyster'icus,  Va'pourish,  Va'- 
pouring,  (F.)  Hyste'rique.  Same  etymon  as  hys- 
terical.    Relating  to,  or  affected  with  hysteria^ 

The  word  hysterica  was  used  by  Martial  for  a 
female  affected  with  nymphomania  or  with  strong 
sexual  desires. 

HYSTERICISMUS,  Hysteria. 

HYSTERICS,  Hysteria. 

EYSTERIE,  Hysteria. 

HYSTERISMUS,  Hysteria. 

HYSTERITES,  Hydrometra. 

HYSTERITIS,  Metritis,  Hydrometra. 

HYSTEROCARCINOMA,  Metrocarcinoma. 

HYSTEROCE'LE,  from  'varcpa,  'the  womb,' 
and  KjyXi?,  '  hernia.'  Hernia  uteri,  Hernia  of  the 
■womb.  This  is  a  rare  disease.  The  womb  may 
protrude  through  the  inguinal  or  the  crural  canal, 
or  through  the  lower  part  of  the  linea  alba. 

Hysterocble  Nuda,  Prolapsus  uteri. 

HYSTEROCOLICA,  Coliea  uterina. 

HYSTBROCNES'MUS;  from'vcrcpa,  'uterus,' 
^nd  Kvrjirnos,  'itching.'  Pruritus  of  the  uterus  or 
genitals. 

HYSTEROCYESIS,  Pregnancy. 

HYSTERO-CYSTIC,  Hys'terocys'ticus,  from 
'varepa,  'the  uterus,'  and  Kvang,  'the  bladder.' 
Relating  to  the  uterus  and  bladder.  Some  au- 
thors have  called.  Hysfero-cystic  Retention  of  urine, 
that  which  is  caused  by  the  compression  of  the 
bladder  by  the  iiterus,  during  pregnancy. 

HYSTERO-CYSTOCE'LE,  from  'vanpa,  'the 
womb,'  (cDo-Tif,  '  the  bladder,'  and  Kn\n<  '  ^  tumour.' 
Hernia  of  the  uterus  complicated  with  disjjlace- 
ment  of  the  bladder. 

HYSTERODYNIA,  Hysteralgia. 

HYSTERCEDEMA,  Hydrometra. 

HYS'TEROID,  Hystero'des,  Ilysteroi'des,  from 
'hysteria,'  and  uiog,  'resemblance.'  Resembling 
hysteria;  —  as  a  hysteroid  disease,  symptom,  &o. 

HYSTEROL'OGY,  Hysterolog"ia,  from  'varrpa, 
'the  uterus,'  and  Xoyos,  'a  description.'  A  trea- 
tise: on  the  sound  and  morbid  uterus. 


HYSTEROLOXIA 


464 


lATROTECHNA 


HTSTEROLOX'IA,  Hysterelo'sis,  Oliq'ultas 
u'teri,  Situs  ohli'quus  uteri,  Flexio  seu  Versio  in- 
comjple'ta  uteri,  Inclina'tio  uteri,  Metrolox'ia,  Me- 
trocnmps'is,  Uterus  ohli'quus,  JJ.  Inclina'tits  ;  from 
'vcnpa,  '  the  uterus/  and  Xo^og,  '  oblique.'  An 
oblique  position  of  the  uterus,  occurring  during 
pregnancy.  Anteversion  of  the  uterus,  Hystero- 
I'lx'ia  anterior,  Anteversio  uteri,  Prona'tio  uteri, 
Venter  propendens  ;  and  Retroversion  of  the  ute- 
rus, Hysterolox'ia  posterior,  Hetrover'sio  uteri, 
Meflex' lo  uteri  eompleta,  are  varieties. 

HYSTER0MALA'CIA,2r^sferoOTaZaco'sw,%- 
Kteromalaco'ma,  3Ietromalaco'sis,  3fetromalaco'ma, 
Malaoo'sis  uteri,  Emollit"ies  uteri  morbosa,  Pu- 
treseen'tia  u'teri  grav'idi,  from  'vcripa,  'the  ute- 
rus,' and  jiaXaKia,  '  softness.'  Softness  of  the  ute- 
rus during  pregnancy,  which  renders  it  liable  to 
rupture  in  labour. 

HYSTEROMALACOMA,  Hysteromalacia. 

HYSTEROMANIA,  Nymphomania. 

HYSTEROMOCHLIUM,  Lever. 

HYSTERON'CUS,  from  'viyrcpa,  'the  uterus,' 
and  oyKog,  '  tumour.'  Ttimor  uteri.  A  tumour  of 
the  uterus. 

HYSTERO-PARAL'YSIS,  from  'varepa,  'the 
uterus,' and  -rapaXvcTt;,  'paralysis.'  Paralysis  of 
the  uterus. 

HYSTEROPATHI'A,  from  'vcrrspa,  'the  ute- 
rus,' and  TTado;,  '  suffering.'  Disease  or  suffering 
in  the  uterus.    Also,  hysteria,  and  deuteropathia. 

HYSTEROPHYSE,  Physometra. 

HYSTEROPH'YSIS,  from  'varepa,  'the  ute- 
rus,' and  (pvcTj,  '  wind.'  Distention  of  the  uterus 
with  air;  Emphysema  uteri. 

HYSTEROPLEGIA,  Hysteroparalysis. 

IIYSTEROPOLYPUS,  Metropolypus. 

HYSTEROPSOPHIA,  Physometra. 

liYSTEROPTO'SIS,  from'^uorspa,  'the  womb,' 
and  Trruitrij, 'fall;'  Prolapsus  uteri.  Also  Inversio 
uteri,  Anas'trophe  uteri.  In  a  general  sense,  a 
protrusion  of  any  of  the  genital  organs  or  of  ex- 


crescences from  them  into  the  genital  passages ; 
^doptosis. 

Hysteboptosis,  Prolapsus  uteri — h.  Vaginae 
prolapsus,  Prolapsus  vaginae. 

HYSTERORRHAGIA  SANGFINEA,  Me- 
torrhagia. 

HYSTERORRHEXIS,  Uterus,  rupture  of  the. 

HYSTERORRHGEA,  Metrorrhagia— h.  Mu^ 
cosa,  Leucorrhoea. 

HYSTEROSALPINX,  Tube,  Fallopian. 

HYSTEROSCIRRHUS,  Metroscirrhus. 

HYS'TEROSCOPE,  from  'vcrepa,  'the  uterus,' 
and  cKoTTco),  '  I  view.'  A  metallic  mirror,  used  in 
inspecting  the  state  of  the  os  uteri  for  throwing 
the  rays  of  a  taper  to  the  bottom  of  the  speculum 
uteri.  —  Colombat  de  I'lsere. 

HYSTEROSTOMA,  Os  uteri. 

HYSTEROSTOMAT'OMUS,  from  'vcrrepa,  'the 
womb,'  cTOfia,  'orifice,'  and  tcjivilv,  'to  cut.'  An 
instrument  invented  by  Coutouly  for  dividing  the 
OS  uteri,  when  it  is  important  to  deliver  immedi- 
ately, as  in  cases  of  convulsions. 

HYSTEROSTOMIUM,  Os  uteri. 

HYSTEROTOM'IA,  Hysterot'omy.  Same  ety- 
mon as  Hysterotomus.  Csesarean  section.  Also, 
dissection  of  the  uterus. 

HYSTEROTOMOTOCIA,  Cesarean  section. 

HYSTEROT'OMUS,  from  'vurepa,  'the  womb,' 
and  Tqivciv,  'to  cut.'  An  instrument  for  dividing 
the  womb  through  the  vagina.  It  is  a  kind  of 
Bistouri  cache,  and  is  intended  to  divide  the  cer- 
vix uteri. 

HYSTREMPHYSEMA,  Physometra. 

HYSTRIASIS,  Hystriciasis. 

HYSTRICI'ASIS,  Eystri'asis,  Hys'trix,  Hys- 
tricis' Dixis,  Oerostro' sis,  Tricho'sis  seto'sa,  from 
'uo-TEpif,  '  a  hedgehog  or  porcupine.'  A  disease 
of  the  hairs,  in  which  they  stand  erect  like  the- 
quills  of  the  porcupine. 

HYSTRICISMUS,  Hystriciacis. 

HYSTRIX,  Hystriciasis. 

HYVES,  Hives. 


I. 


TAMA,  Medicament. 

lAMATOLOGY,  Materia  medica. 

lAMATOSYNTAXIOLOGIA,  see  Prescrip- 
tion. 

lAMATOSYNTAXIS,  see  Composition. 

TAMATOTAXIOLOGIA;  see  Prescription. 

lASIMOS,  Curable. 

lASIS,  Curation. 

lATERIA,  Medicina. 

lATERIUS,  Medicinal. 

lATRALEIP'TICE,  latraliptiee  (Ars),  Tafra- 
leiptic  method;  same  etymon.  The  method  of 
treatiiig  diseases  adopted  by  the  latraleiptes,  — 
that  is,  by  friction  chiefly. 

lATRALEP'TES,  latraleip'tes,  latralip'ta,  la- 
trohip'tes,  Med'icus  Unguenta'rius ;  from  larpos, 
' a  physician,'  and  aXti^u,  'I  anoint.'  One  who 
treats  diseases  by  unguents,  frictions,  and  by  ex- 
ternal means  generally.  Prodicus,  a  disciple  of 
^jsculapius,  was  the  chief  of  the  latraleptes. 

TATRALIPTES,  latraleiptes. 

lATRALIPTICE,  latraleiptice. 

rATREUSIOLOG"IA,  from  mr/jcuo-i;, '  the  ex- 
ercise of  the  art  of  healing,'  and  Xoj/of,  '  a  de- 
scription.' The  doctrine  of  the  exercise  of  the 
healing  art.  —  Reil. 

lATREUSIS.    The  exercise  of  the  healing  art. 


lATRIA,  Medicine. 

lATRICE,  Medicina. 

lATRI'NE,  Medicina.  Also,  a  female  practi- 
tioner of  medicine ;  a  midwife. 

lATRI'ON,  latre'on,  I'dtron.  The  house  or 
office  of  a  physician  or  surgeon.  Also,  the  phy- 
sician's fee  or  honorarium. 

lATROCHEMIA,  Chymiatria. 

lATROCHYMIA,  Chymiatria. 

IATROGISrOM'ICA,/a^)-o7«om'/ce/  from  larpoi;, 
'a  physician,'  and  ytvoaKio,  'I  know.'  A  know- 
ledge of  medical  objects.  — Hufeland. 

lATROLEIPTES,  latraleiptes. 

IATROLOG"IA,  latrol'ogy,  from  larpog,  'a 
physician,'  and  \oyog,  '  a  description.'  A  treatise 
on  physic  and  physicians. 

lATRO  -  MATHEMATICAL  PHYSICIANS, 
latromathemat'ici.     Mechanical  physicians. 

lATROMECHANICI,  Mechanical  physicians. 

lATRON,  latrion. 

lATROPHYSICS,  Physics,  medical. 

lATROSOPHIS'TA.  from  larpos,  'aphysician,' 
and  (To<pt(TTrii,  '  one  skilled  in  an  art  or  science.' 
A  learned,  or  theoretically  educated  physiciah. 

lATROTECH'NA,  latrotech' nes ;  from  tarpbf, 


lATROTECHXICE 


465 


IDEA 


*  a  physician,'  and  rg^vri,  '  art.'  A  practical  pliy- 
sician  or  surgeon. 

lATROTECHNICE,  Mediciua,  Therapeutics. 

lATRUS,  Physician;  also,  a  surgeon. 

IBERIS,  Lepidium  iberis. 

Ibe'his  Ama'ra,  Bitter  candytuft,  (F.)  Passe- 
rage.  A  small  herbaceous  plant,  Orel.  Cruciferse, 
indigenous  in  Europe,  which  was  employed,  of 
old,  in  gout,  rheumatism,  <fcc.  The  seeds  have  been 
used,  in  the  dose  of  one  to  three  grains,  in  asthma, 
bronchitis,  dropsy,  and  hypertrophy  of  the  heart. 
It  is  said  to  possess  acro-narcotic  properties ;  but 
it  is  not  much  used. 

Iberis  Bursa  Pastoris,  Thlaspi  bursa  —  i. 
Campestris,  Thlaspi  campestre  —  i.  Sophia,  Car- 
damine  pratensis. 

IBICUIBA,  Becuiha,  Becuihn  nnx.  A  species 
of  nut  from  Brazil,  the  emulsive  kernel  of  which 
is  ranked  amongst  balsamic  remedies. 

IBIS,  i;Sif.  A  bird  held  sacred  by  the  Egyp- 
tians. When  sick,  it  is  asserted  that  it  was  wont 
to  inject  the  water  of  the  Nile  into  its  fundament: 
whence,  according  to  Langius,  was  learned  the 
use  of  glysters. 

IBISCHA  MISMALVA,  Althaea. 

IBISCUS,  Althfea. 

IBIXUMA,  Saponaria. 

ICE,  Sax.  i)',  Gla'cies,  Frozen  loater,  (F.)  Glace. 
Iced  water  is  much  used  internally,  as  the  best 
refrigerant  in  fever.  It  is,  also,  applied  exter- 
nally, in  cases  of  external  inflammation,  as  well 
as  in  phrenitic  and  hernial  affections,  <tc. 

ICE-COLD,  Icy  cold,  (F.)  Froid  glacial.  A 
very  strong  morbid  sensation  of  cold,  compared 
by  the  patient  to  that  which  would  be  produced 
by  the  applieadon  of  pieces  of  ice. 

ICELAND,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Hot 
springs  are  found  in  every  part  of  Iceland.  The 
most  noted  of  these  is  one  called  Geyser,  two 
days'  journey  from  Hecla,  and  near  Skalholt. 
The  diameter  of  the  basin  is  59  feet;  and  the 
height  to  which  the  water  is  thrown  is  often  more 
than  100.     The  heat  of  the  water  is  212°. 

ICE-PLANT,  Mesembryanthemum  crystalli- 
num,  Monotropa  uniilora. 

ICHNUS,  ixvos.  The  foot.  The  sole  of  the  foot. 
The  heel. 

ICHOR,  iX'^P)  ^chos.  The  serum  of  the  blood, 
Sanies,  Sordes,  Virus,  Pus  mcdig'num,  Tahum. 
A  thin,  aqueous,  and  acrid  discharge. 

ICHOROIDES,  Ichorous. 

TCH'OROUS,  Tchoro'sus,  Ichoroi'des,  Sanio'- 
sits,  Sa'niovs.    Belonging  to  or  resembling  ichor. 

ICHTHYA,  Hook,  blunt. 

ICIITHYOCOL'LA,  from  ix^vg,  'a.  fish,'  and 
KoWa,  '  glue.'  Colla  Pis'cium,  I'singlass,  Fish- 
glue,  (F.)  Ichthyocolle,  Colie  de  Poisson.  A  name 
given  to  the  dried  iish-bladder  of  the  Acipenser 
huso,  and  other  species  of  acipenser,  which  is  al- 
most wholly  composed  of  gelatin,  apd  is  employed 
in  medicine  in  the  formation  of  nutritive  jellies. 
It  is,  also,  occasionally  used  in  anatomical  injec- 
tions.   The  English  Court  Plaster  is  made  with  it. 

ICHTHYOPH'AGISTS,  Ichthyoph'agi,  from 
(;\;S-us,  '  a  fish,'  and  (jiayoi,  '  I  eat.'  People  who 
feed  habitually  on  fish ; — generally  the  most  un- 
civilized of  mankind. 

ICHTHYOPHAGOUS,  Piscivorous. 

IGHTHYOSE,  Ichthyosis. 

ICHTHYO'SIS,  from  ix^vq,  'a  fish,'  from  the 
resemblance  of  the  scales  to  those  of  a  fish.  Le- 
pido'sis  Ichthyi'asis,  Lepra  Ichthyo'sis,  Lepido'- 
ais  Ichthyo'sis,  Alvaras  nigra  (Arab.),  Impeti'go 
excorticati'va,  (F.)  Ichthyose ;  Fishskin,  Porcu- 
pine Disease.  A  permanently  harsh,  dry,  scaly, 
and,  in  some  cases,  almost  horny  texture  of  the 
Integuments  of  the  body,  unconnected  with  in- 
ternal disorder.  "Willan  and  Bateman  have  two 
30 


varieties,  I.  simplex  and  /.  cornea.  Alibert  haa 
three,  the  /.  nacree  or  pearly,  the  /.  cornee,  and 
the  /.  pellagre  or  Pellagra. 

Ichthyosis  Pellagra,  Pellagra. 

Ichthyosis  Seba'cea,  Seha'ceous  Ichthyo'sis. 
A  morbid  incrustation  of  a  concrete  sebaceous 
substance  upon  the  surface  of  the  epidermis,  con- 
founded, according  to  Mr.  E.  Wilson,  with  ich- 
thyosis, to  which  it  bears  a  close  resemblance. 
In  many  cases  there  is  neither  redness  nor  heat, 
nor  is  the  affection  often  accompanied  by  consti- 
tutional sj'mptoms. 

ICHTIIYOTOX'ICUM,  from  i:;^^^?,  'a  fish,' 
and  To^iKov,  'a  poison.'     Fish  poison. 

I'CICA  ARACOUCHI'NL  Aracouchini  is  a 
balsam,  extracted  by  incision,  from  this  ti-ee  in 
Guyana.     The  Galibis  use  it  for  healing  wounds. 

IcicA  IciCARiBA,  SCO  Amyris  elemifera. 

lOTFRE,  Icterus  —  i.  Bleu,  Cyanopathy  —  i. 
des  Nouveau-nis,  Icterus  infantum  —  i.  Noire, 
Melsena. 

ICTERIC  FEVER,  REMITTING,  see  Re- 
lapse. 

ICTERICUS,  Antiicteric.  Also,  relating  to, 
or  resembling  Icterus, — Ictero'des. 

ICTERITIA  ALBA,  Chlorosis— i.  Flava,  Icte- 
rus— i.  Rubea,  Erysipelas — i.  Rubra.,  Erysipelas. 

ICTERODES,  Ictericus. 

ICTERUS,  Ic'terus  flavus,  I.  vents,  from  iktu, 
a  species  of  weasel,  whose  eyes  are  yellow  (?) 
Morbus  arcuu'tua  vel  arqua'tus,  Auru'go,  Auri'go, 
3Iorhus  regiiis.  Morbus  lute'olus,  Cholelith'ia  icte- 
rus, CholihcB'mia,  CholcB'mia,  Cholopla'nia,  Cho- 
lo'sis,  Bermatocholo'sis,  Suffu'sio  aurigino'sa  seu 
fellis  seu  bills,  Icteritia  fiava,  II' eus  flavus,  I.  Ic- 
tero'ides,  Cachex'ia  icter'ica,  Fellis  suffu'sio,  Fel- 
lis obstruc'tio,  F.  Superfu' sio,  Bil'ious  Dyscrasy, 
Jaundice,  Yelloics,  (F.)  Ictere,  Jannisse,  Bile  re- 
pandue.  A  disease,  the  principal  symptom  of 
which  is  yellowness  of  the  skin  and  eyes,  with 
white  faeces  and  high-coloured  urine.  It  admits 
of  various  causes ;  in  fact,  any  thing  which  can 
directly  or  indirectly  obstruct  the  course  of  the 
bile,  so  that  it  is  taken  into  the  mass  of  blood  and 
produces  the  yellowness  of  surface  ;  —  the  bile 
being  separated  by  the  kidneys,  causes  yellowness 
of  urine,  and  its  being  prevented  from  reaching  the 
intestine  occasions  the  pale-coloured  faeces.  The 
prognosis,  in  ordinary  cases, is  favourable; — when 
complicated  with  hepatic  disease,  unfavourable. 
The  treatment  is  simple  :  —  an  emetic  or  purga- 
tive, given  occasionally  so  as  to  elicit  the  return 
of  the  bile  to  its  ordinary  channels;  light  tonics; 
unirritating  diet;  cheerful  company,  &c. 

Icterus  Aldus,  Chlorosis. 

Icterus  Infan'tum,  /.  Neonato'rum,  Ptp.dict'- 
erus,  Auri'go  neophyto'rum,  Yelloio  gum,  Yclloio 
gown,  (F.)  Ictere  des  nouveau-nea,  is  a  common 
affection  and  frequently  dependent  upon  obstruc- 
tion of  the  choledoch  duct  by  the  meconium.  It 
requires  time;  and  castor  oil,  occasionally. 

Icterus  Melas,  Meljena  —  i.  Neonatorum,  I. 
infantum — i.  Niger,  Melajna. 

Icterus  Saturni'nus,  Lead  jaundice.  The 
earthy-yellow  hue  in  saturnine  cachexy. 

ICTODES  FCETIDUS,  Dracontium  foetidum. 

ICTUS.  'A  stroke  or  blow;'  Plege,  Pl.aga, 
Ictus  soils,  a  stroke  of  the  sun.  See  Coup  de  so- 
ldi. Ictus,  also,  means  the  pulsation  of  an  artery, 
and  the  sting  of  a  bee  or  other  insect. 

Ictus,  Blow — i.  Cordis  et  arteriarum.  Pulse  — 
i.  Sanguinis,  Apoplexy — i.  Solis,  Coup  de  soleil. 

IDE'A,  Idea,  Ido'lum,  Idcach  (?  Paracelsus) 
(F.)  Idee.  The  image  or  representation  of  an 
object  in  the  mind;  from  a(5a),  'I  see.' 

Ide'a,  Fixed  or  Predom'inant,  Idea  fixri, 
Ideopeg'pH<.  Tension  of  the  mind  on  o:ae  notioui 
often  observed  in  insanity. 


IDEACH 


466 


ILEO 


I'dea  Morbi.    Knowledge  or  idea  of  a  disease. 

IDEACH,  Idea. 

IDEAGENOUS,  Sentient. 

IDE'AL,  Idea'lis.     Mental,  notional,  fancied. 

Moi-hi  ideales.  Ideal  diseases.  Diseases  of 
the  imagination. 

IDEE,  Idea. 

IDEN'TITT  (PERSONAL),  Iden'titas,  from 
idem,  '  the  same.'  Sameness.  It  is  sometimes  a 
question  in  legal  medicine  to  decide  upon  per- 
sonal identity  :  that  is,  whether  an  individual  be 
the  same  he  represents  himself  to  be.  Physical 
marks  form  the  great  criteria. 

IDEOL'OGY,  Ideolocfia,  from  ti&b>,  '1  see,' 
and  Xoyog,  '  a  discourse.'  The  science  of  ideas. 
Intellectual  philosophy. 

IDEOPEGMA,  Idea,  fised. 

IBEOSYNCHYSIE,  Delirium. 

IDIANGEA,  Idiotism. 

IDIOCRASIS,  Idiosyncrasy. 

IDIOCTONIA,  Suicide. 

IDIO-MIASMATA,  see  Miasm. 

IDIOPATHI'A,  Idiopathei'a,  Protopathi'a, 
Pro'priiw  affectus,  Morbus  idiojiath'icus  seu  pro- 
prius  seu  prima'rius  seu  protopath' icus  seu  ori- 
gina'lis,  Malum pjrima'rium,  from  t^ios,  'peculiar, 
propel-,'  and  -na^os,  'an  affection.'  A  primary 
disease ;  one  not  depending  on  any  other. 

IDIOPATH'IC,  Pro'prio  hab'itu  seu  Constitn- 
tio'ne  2}>'o'p''ia,  pendens,  Idiopath' icus,  Idiopt'a- 
thes.  Primary  affections  and  their  symptoms  are 
so  denominated. 

IDIOPTCY,  Achromatopsia. 

IDIOPTS,  see  Achromatopsia. 

IDIOSYNGRASIA,  Idiosyncrasy— i.  Hajmcr- 
rhagiea,  Hoematophilia — i.  Olfaetoria,  Parosmia. 

IDIOSYN'CPtASY,  Idioc'rasy,  Idiosyn'crasis, 
Idiosyncra'sia,  IdiotropJi'ia,  Jdioc'rasis,  Idiosyn- 
cris'ia,  from  iSio;,  'peculiar,'  irvv,  'with,'  and 
Kpaais,  '  temperament.'  A  peculiarity  of  consti- 
tution, in  which  one  person  is  affected  by  an 
agent  which,  in  numerous  others,  would  produce 
Lo  effect.  Thus  shell-fish,  bitter  almonds,  pro- 
duce urticaria  in  some,  by  virtue  of  their  idiosyn- 
crasies.    Others  faint  at  the  sight  of  blood,  &e. 

ID'IOT,  Idio'ta,  'foolish,  stupid,  ignorant.' 
Now  used  for  one  who  is  fatuous,  or  who  does 
not  possess  suf5cient  intellectual  faculties  for  the 
social  condition,  and  for  preserving  himself  from 
danger,  —  Homo  fat' uus.  In  law,  one  who  has 
been  without  understanding  from  his  birth,  and 
whom  the  law  presumes  to  be  never  likely  to  at- 
tain any. 

IDIOTIA,  Idiotism. 

IDIOTIE,  Idiotism. 

ID'IOTISM,  Idiotis'mus,  Idioti'a,  Tdianoe'a, 
Lrbecil'litas  mentis;  Mo'ria  demens,  Anae'a,  ifo'- 
ria,  Moro'sis,  3Ieio'sis,  Fatn'itas,  Amen'tia,  Stu- 
pid'itas,  Vecor'dia,  Imbeeill'itas  Inrje'nii,  Id'iocy, 
Jd'iotcy,  Fatii'ity.  (F.)  Demenee  innee,  Idiotisme, 
Idiotic.  Same  etymon.  A  species  of  unsound 
mind,  characterized  by  more  or  less  complete  ob- 
literation of  the  intellectual  and  moral  faculties. 
It  may  supervene  on  mania  and  melancholia, 
when  it  is  termed  Demen'tia,  but  more  commonly 
it  depends  upon  original  conformation.  It  may 
also,  be  symptomatic  of  organic  disease  of  the 
brain,  which  has  come  on  after  birth.  Idiotism 
exists  in  various  degrees.  Some  idiots  are  mere 
automata,  exhibiting  scarcely  any  sensibility  to 
external  impressions;  others  are  capable  of  arti- 
culjiting  a  few  words,  and  possess  certain  mental 
emotions  to  a  limited  extent.  The  physiognomy 
is  usually  vacant,  step  unsteady,  and  articulation 
imperfect  or  broken.  The  affection  is  almost  al- 
ways incurable  ;  but  it  may  often  be  palliated. 
IDIOTISME,  Idiotism. 
IDIOTROPHIA,  Idiosyncrasy. 


IDOLUM,  Hallucination,  Idea. 

IDROSIS,  Ephidrosis. 

IF,  Taxus  baccata. 

IFFIDES,  Plumbi  subcarbonas.  ^ 

IGDE,  Mortar. 

IGDIS.  Mortar. 

IGNA'TIA  AMA'RA,  Strychnos  Igna'tii,  Ig- 
natia'na  Philippin'ica.  The  systematic  name 
of  the  plant  which  affords  St.  Ignafiiis's  Bean. 
Faba  In'dica,  Faba  Sancti  Igna'tii,  Fabafebrif- 
nga,  (F.)  Ignatie,  Feve  de  Saint  Ignace.  The 
seeds  are  bitter  and  poisonous,  containing  Strych- 
nia; which  see. 

IGNATIE,  Ignatia  amara. 

IGNAVIA,  Inertia  —  i.  seu  Ignavitas  partium 
genitalium.  Impotence. 

IGNIS, 'fire.'    Hence: 

Ignis  Actualis,  Cauterium — i.  Animalis,  Ani- 
mal heat. 

Ignis  Cal'idus.  *A  hot  fire.'  A  violent  in- 
flammation, about  to  degenerate  into  gangrene. 

Ignis  Columella,  Erysipelas. 

Ignis  Frig"idus.     'A  cold  fire.'     Sphacelus. 

Ignis  ISTATtrRALis,  Animal  heat. 

Ignis  Persicus,  Anthrax,  Herpes  zoster  —  i. 
Philosophicus,  Phosphorus  —  i.  Potentialis,  see 
Cauterium — i.  Sacer,  Erysipelas,  Herpes  zoster — 
i.  Sancti  Antonii,  Erysipelas. 

Ignis  Sapien'tium.  The  ancient  name  for  the 
heat  of  horses'  dung. 

Ignis  Sylvat'ictjs,  /.  sylves'tris,  I.  volat'ieus, 
I.  vola'grius,  Stroph'idus  sylves'tris,  S.  volat'iciw, 
(F.)  Fen  sanvage,  F.  volage,  Flamboise.  Proba- 
bly, the  Porri'go  larva'lis  or  Crusta  lactea  of  in- 
fants. Also,  a  transient  redness  of  the  face  and 
neck,  sometimes  observed  in  hysterical  and  ehlo- 
rotic  females. 

Ignis  Sylvestris,  I.  sylvaticus  —  i.  Vitalis, 
Animal  heat — i.  Volagrius,  I.  sylvaticus — i.  Vo- 
laticus,  I.  sylvaticus. 

IGNIVOROUS,  Pyrophagus. 

IGNYE,  Poples. 

IGNYS,  Poples. 

ILAPHIS,  Arctium  lappa. 

ILEA.  Flanks. 

ILECH,  Y'lecTi,  Ilei'as,  Maa'ter,  Ylia'ter,  Eli- 
as'ter,  Ilias'trum,  Ilei'ados,  Ilei'dos,  Ilei'adiim, 
Ili'adus.  Terms  used  by  Paracelsus  to  desig- 
nate the  first  matter:  —  the  beginning  of  every 
thing. 

ILEIADOS,  Hech. 

ILBIADUM,  Hech. 

ILEIAS,  Hech. 

ILEIDOS,  Hech. 

ILEI'TIS  ;  from  ileum,  'the  intestine  ileum,' 
and  itis,  a  sufiBx  denoting  inflammation.  Inflam- 
mation of  the  ileum. 

ILEO-CHOLOSIS,  Diarrhoea,  bilious. 

IL'EO-COLIC,  Peo-col'icvs.  Relating  to  the 
ileum  and  colon  : — as  the  ileo-colic  valve  or  valve 
of  Banhin. 

ILEO-COLITIS,  Enteritis. 

ILEO-DICLIDITE,  see  Typhus. 

ILEO-LUMB  AR,  Ileo-lumba'lis,  Rio-liimba' ris. 
Belonging  to  the  ilium  and  lumbar  region. 

Ilf,o-t,t'mbar  Artery,  Rio-lumbar  artery,  Ili- 
nro-mus'odfir,  (Ch.)  is  given  off  by  the  hypogas- 
tric, opposite  the  base  of  the  sacrum.  It  ascends 
behind  the  psoas  muscle,  and  divides  into  two 
branches; — an  ascending  and  a  transi'e.rse,  which 
give  off  numerous  ramifications  to  the  neighbour- 
ing parts. 

Ii.EO-i.ujfBAR  Ligament,  Ilio-tumhar  Lig'a- 
ment,  Ilio-lumbo-ver'tehral  liijament,  Vertihrn- 
iliac  ligantcnt,  is  a  broad,  membraniform,  trian- 
gular ligament,  extending  horizontally  from  the 
transverse  process  of  the  5th  lumbar  vertebra)  to 


ILEON 


467 


ILIASTRUM 


tbe  upper  and  posterior  part  of  the  iliac  crest.  It 
unites  the  vertebral  column  with  the  pelvis. 

IL'EON,  Il'eum,  Eil'eon,  Il'iitm,  Infesti'num 
circumvolu'tum,  from  etXetv,  'to  turn,'  'to  twist/ 
Anatomists  have  given  this  name  to  the  longest 
portion  of  the  small  intestine,  which  extends 
from  the  jejunum  to  the  csECum.  It  was  so 
called,  from  its  forming  a  considerable  number 
of  convolutions. 

ILEOPYRA,  see  Typhus. 
ILBOSIS,  Ileus. 
ILEO-TYPHUS,  see  Typhus. 
JLES,  Flanks. 

IL'EUS,  Eil'eos,  from  tiXfu,  *  I  twist  or  con- 
tract.' Co'lica  Ileus,  Enterele'sia,  Enterelo'sis, 
Oolica  spasmod'ica,  Reus  spasmod'ieiis,  Chordap' - 
sus,  Passio  Ili'aea,  Hiac  Passion,  Vol'vulus,  Peo'- 
sis,  ilisere're  mei,  Oonvol'vulus,  ToiTtien' turn,  In- 
tercep'tio  Intestino'rum,  Enterosteno'sis  volvulus, 
(F.)  Colique  de  Misericorde,  C.  de  Miserere.  A 
disease,  characterized  by  deep-seated  pain  of  the 
abdomen,  stercoraceous  vomiting,  and  obstinate 
constipation.  It  is  occasioned  by  hernia  or  other 
obstruction  to  the  passage  of  the  fseces  through 
a  part  of  the  intestinal  canal,  Enterosto'sis.  The 
term  Ileus  has  been  applied  to  various  affections 
— to  simple  nervous  colic,  intussusception,  and  to 
strangulation  of  the  small  intestine,  &c.  Various 
remedies  have  been  employed; — the  majority  for 
the  purpose  of  procuring  alvine  evacuations, — as 
purgatives,  in  draught,  pill,  or  glyster;  supposi- 
tories, tobacco  glysters ;  pure  mercury  j  leaden 
bullets ;  antispasmodics  and  narcotics ;  blisters 
to  the  epigastrium  ;  ice  by  the  mouth,  or  injected 
into  the  rectum.  Some  of  these  have,  occasion- 
ally, succeeded,  —  especially  the  tobacco  glyster, 
and  ice  to  the  tumour,  where  the  disease  has  been 
occasioned  by  strangulated  hernia.  It  is  very 
dangerous. 

Ileus  Flatus,  Icterus — i.  Icteroides,  Icterus 
— i.  Inflammatorius,  Enteritis. 

ILEX  AQUIFO'LIUM.  The  systematic  name 
of  the  Common  Holly,  Aqui/o'lium,  Agrifo'lium, 
(F.)  Houx,  H.  commim  on  Chene  vert.  The  leaves 
of  this  plant  have  been  recommended  as  tonic, 
astringent,  and  antiseptic,  and  have  been  pre- 
scribed in  atonic  gout ;  intermitients  ;  dyspepsia, 
&c.  Il'icine,  the  active  principle,  has  also  been 
advised.  It  is  obtained  by  dissolving  the  alco- 
holic extract  of  the  leaves  of  the  holly  in  water, 
and  successively  treating  it  with  the  subacetate 
of  lead,  sulphuric  acid,  and  carbonate  of  lime. 
The  filtered  and  evaporated  product  is  then  dis- 
solved in  alcohol ;  and  the  mixture  filtered  and 
evaporated  in  shallow  vessels. 
Ilex  Cassine,  Ilex  vomitoria. 
Ilex  Major.  From  the  berries  of  this  tree, 
called  by  the  Spaniards  Bellotas,  a  juice  may  be 
expressed,  which  forms  a  slightly  astringent 
emulsion  with  water,  and  has  been  recommended 
by  some  Spanish  physicians  in  humid  cough,  hae- 
moptysis, &c. 

Ilex  Mate,  Hex  paraguensis. 
Ilex  Opa'ca,  American  Holly,  grows  through- 
out the  Atlantic  portion  of  the  United  States.     It 
is  said  to  possess  the  same  properties  as  the  Eu- 
ropean variety. 

Ilex  Paraguen'sis,  Vihur'num  IcBviga'tum  seu 
Cassinoi'des,  Oassi'ne  Perag'ua  seu  Carolinia'na, 
I.  Hate ;  a  native  of  Paraguay,  which  affords 
the  celebrated  Mattee,  or  Mate,  Folia  Apalachi- 
nes  seu  Per'agucB,  is  drunk  in  place  of  the  Chinese 
tea  by  the  people  of  Paraguay. 

Ilex  Vomito'ria,  Ilex  Casi'ne,  Cassi'na,  Ba- 
lloon holly,  Apalaeh'ine  Gallis,  South-Sea  Tea, 
Ev'ergreen  Oassi'ne,  Cassee'na,  Yaiipon,  ITopon, 
(F.)  The  dee  Apalaches,  Houx  Apalachine,  Apa- 
lachine,  The  de  la  Mer  dti  Sud.     A  tree,  indige- 


nous in  the  southern  parts  of  the  United  States. 
The  leaves,  when  dried,  are  aromatic,  stimulant, 
stomachic,  and  expectorant,  and  are  used  as  a 
tea.  When  fresh,  they  are  emetic  and  cathartic. 
ILIA,  Flanks. 

ILIAC,  Ili'acus,  from  Ilia,  'the  flanks.'  Re- 
lating to,  or  connected  with,  the  flanks. 

Iliac  Arteries,  Arte'ricB  Iliacce.  This  term, 
has  been  given  to  several  arteries.  The  Primary 
Riacs,  (F.)  A.  Riaques  primitives, — Pelvicruralcs, 
(Ch.)  arise  from  the  bifurcation  of  the  aorta,  op- 
posite the  body  of  the  4th  lumbar  vertebra,  and 
descend,  in  a  divergent  manner;  until,  opposite 
the  sacro-iliac  symphysis,  they  divide  into  two 
considerable  trunks, — the  internal  Iliac  or  hypo- 
gastric (which  see)"  and  the  external  Iliac — Por- 
tion Iliaque  de  la  crurale,  (Ch.)  This  proceeds 
from  the  sacro-iliac  juncture  as  far  as  the  crural 
arch,  when  it  assumes  the  name  Femoral  Artery. 
Before  passing  under  the  arch  it  gives  off  two 
pretty  considerable  branches,  —  the  Epigastric, 
and  the  Circumflexa  Ilii.  This  last,  which  is 
called,  also,  anterior  Iliac  by  some  anatomists, — 
Girconflexe  de  I'llium;  (Ch.)  leaves  the  external 
iliac  at  the  crural  arch.  It  ascends  along  the 
outer  edge  of  the  iliacus  muscle,  and  divides  into 
two  branches — an  internal  and  an  external. 

The  Iliaca  Inter'na  Minor  vel  Ilio-lumbul'is  is 
a  small  artery,  which  sometimes  arises  from  the 
hypogastric ;  at  others,  from  the  beginning  of  the 
gluteal.  It  is  sent,  chiefly,  to  the  psoas  and  ilia- 
cus internus  muscles. 

Iliac  Crest,  Crista  Il'ii,  is  the  upper  margin 
of  the  ilium.  (F.)  Crete  Iliaqne.  It  is  very  thick, 
and  curved  like  the  Italic  ^S*.  It  aftords  attach- 
ment to  the  broad  muscles  of  the  abdomen. 

Iliac  Foss^  are  two  in  number;  the  internal,. 
the  depression  presented  by  the  ilium  on  its  inte- 
I  rior,  and  at  the  upper  part  in  which  the  Iliacus 
internus  is  lodged  : — and  the  external,  an  excava- 
tion on  the  outer  surface  of  the  same  bone,  occu- 
pied by  the  Ghitwi  muscles. 

Iliac  Muscle,  Internal,  Ili'acus  internus 
Muscle,  Iliacus,  Riaco-trochanterien  (Ch.) ;  Fe- 
mur moven'tinm  sep'timus.  Iliac  mnscle,  is  situate 
in  the  fossa  iliacfi,  and  at  the  anterior  and  supe- 
rior part  of  the  thigh.  It  is  broad,  radiated,  tri- 
angular ;  and  is  attached,  above,  to  the  two  upper 
thirds  of  the  fossa  iliaca,  and  to  the  internal  part 
of  the  iliac  crest: — below,  it  terminates  by  a  ten- 
don, which  is  common  to  it  and  the  psoas  mag- 
nus,  and  is  fixed  into  the  lesser  trochanter.  When 
this  muscle  contracts,  it  bends  the  pelvis  on  the 
thigh,  and  conversely.  It  is  also  a  rotator  of  the 
thigh  outwards,  and  prevents  the  trunk  from 
falling  backwards. 

Iliac  Passion,  Hens, 

Iliac  Regions,  Regio'nes  ili'acce,  Inan'ia,  are 
the  sides  of  the  abdomen  between  the  ribs  and 
the  hips. 

Iliac  Spines,  Spinous  Proc" esses  of  the  Rium, 
are  four  in  number.  They  are  distinguished  into 
anterior  and  posterior.  Of  the  anterior,  one  is 
superior.  It  bounds  the  crista  ilii  anteriorly,  and 
aftords  origin  to  the  sartorius  muscle.  The  other 
is  inferior,  and  receives  the  tendinous  origin  ■* 
the  rectus  femoris. 

The  two  Posterior  Iliac  Spines  are  divided, 
like  the  anterior,  into  superior  and  inferior.  They 
afford  insertion  to  strong  ligaments,  which  unite 
the  ilium  with  the  sacrum. 

ILIACO-TROCHANTERIEN,  Iliacus  inter- 
nus. 

ILIACLTS,  I.  internus — i.  Externus,  Pyramid- 
alis. 

ILIADUS,  Hech. 

ILIASTER,  Ilech. 

ILIASTRUM,  Ilech 


ILlNGOS 


468 


IMPACTION 


ILIISTG  OS,  Vertigo. 

ILI0-ABJ)03IINAL,  Obliquus  internus  abdo- 
minis— i.  Aponevrosi-femoral,  Fascia  lata  muscle 
— i.  Costal,  Quadratus  lumborum — ?.  Cresti-tihial, 
Sartorius  —  i.  Femoral,  Coxo-femoral — i.  Hypo- 
gastricus  (nervus),  Museulo-eutaneous  nerve,  su- 
perior—  i.  Inguinal,  Museulo-eutaneous  nerve, 
inferior  —  i.  Isohii-trochanterien,  Glutseus  mini- 
mus—  i.  Lomho-costo-ahdominal,  Obliquus  in- 
ternus abdominis — i.  Lumbalis,  Ileo-lumbar,  see 
Iliac  arteries — i.  Lumhi-costal,  Quadratus  lumbo- 
rum—i.  Lumbo-vertebral  ligament,  Ileo-lumbar- 
ligament. 

IL'IO-PECTINEA,  belonging  to  the  ilium  and 
to  the  peeten  or  pubis. 

Ilio-pectineal  Emine>-ce  is  so  called  from 
being  formed  by  the  junction  of  the  ramus  of  the 
ilium  with  that  of  the  pubis.  It  affords  attach- 
ment to  the  psoas  minor. 

Ilio-pectinea  Linea,  Linea  innomina'ta,  is 
the  projecting  line  or  ridge  of  the  ilium  and  pu- 
bis, which  forms  part  of  the  brim  of  the  pelvis. 

JLIO-PBETIBIAL,  Sartorius. 

Ilio-Psoi'tis,  from  Ilium,  'the  ilion,'  ^/oa;, 
•  the  loins,'  and  itis,  denoting  inflammation.  In- 
flammation of  the  ilium  and  psoas  muscle. 

ILIO-PUBO-  OOSTO-ABDOBIINAL,  Obli- 
quus externus  abdominis — i.  Botidien,  Rectus  fe- 
moris — i.  Sacral,  Sacro-iliac — i.  Sacral  articula- 
tion, Sacro-iliac  articulation  —  i.  Sacro-femoral, 
Glutseus  major — i.  Scrotal  nerve,  Museulo-euta- 
neous, superior — i.  Trochanterien,  Glutseus  me- 
dius — 1.  Trochanterien  petit,  Glutseus  minimus. 

IL'IOX,  Il'ium,  Il'eum,  Haunch  hone.  The 
largest  of  the  three  bones  which  constitute  the 
OS  innominatum  in  the  foetus  and  child.  It  was 
probably  so  called  from  its  seeming  to  support 
the  intestine  ilion ;  or,  perhaps,  because  its  crest 
is  curved  upon  itself,  from  ti\m,  '1  twist,'  'I 
roll.'  This  portion  of  the  os  innominatum  is 
usually  so  called  in  the  adult.  The  posterior 
surface  is  called  Dorsum,  the  internal  Venter. 
The  upper  semicircular  edge  is  the  Crista  or 
Spine,  at  the  anterior  part  of  which  is  the  ante- 
rior and  superior  spinous  process/  and,  below, 
the  anterior  and  inferior  spinous  process.  At  the 
back  part  of  the  spine  are  two  spiinous  processes, 
the  posterior  and  superior,  and  posterior  and  in- 
ferior.    See  Iliac. 

ILITHYI'A,  %i\uBvia,  Luei'na,  Juno  Lucina. 
The  goddess  who  presided  over  parturient  fe- 
males, with  the  Greeks  and  Romans. 

ILIUM,  Ileum,  Ilion. 

ILKESTON,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Ilkeston  is  in  Derbyshire,  England,  about  eight 
miles  from  Nottingham.  The  water  contains  car- 
bonates of  lime  and  soda,  chloride  of  calcium, 
sulphate  of  magnesia,  sulphate  of  soda,  carbonic 
acid,  sulphohydric  acid,  and  a  little  ii'on. 

ILLACHRYMATIO,  Epiphora. 

ILLECEBRA,  Sedum — i.  Major,  Sedum  tele- 
phium. 

ILLECEBRUM  VERMICULARE,  Sedum. 

ILLEGIT'IMATB, i7%iVi»iM», from  i7,w, 'ne- 
gation or  opposition,'  and  legitimvs,  'legitimate;' 
from  lex,  legis,  '  law.'  That  which  is  contrary  to 
law :  which  has  not  the  conditions  required  by 
law, — as  an  illegitimate  birth — one  out  of  wedlock. 

Illegit:mate  oi  Bastard  Fevers  are  those 
whose  progress  is  anomalous. 

ILLIC'IUM  ANISA'TUM,  Yellow-fowered 
Anise,  An'iseed  Tree,  Star  Anise,  Ani'sum  stella'- 
}'im,  Anisuni  Sinen'se,  Semen  Badinn,  (F.)  Anis 
de  la  Chine,  A.  etoile,  Badiane.  Fam.  Magno- 
liacese.  Sex.  Syst,  Polyandria  Polygynia.  The 
seeds  are  used  like  the  aniseed.  The  same  tree  is 


supposed  to  furnish  the  aromatic  bark,  called 
Cortex  Ani'si  Stella'ti,  Cortex  Lavola. 

Illicium  Anisatum  is  said  to  furnish  much  of 
the  so  called  Oil  of  Anise,  used  in  the  United 
States. 

Illicitjm  Florida'ntim,  Florida  Anise  Tree, 
Star  Anise,  Sweet  Laurel.  An  evergreen  shrub, 
the  bark,  leaves,  &c.,  of  which  have  a  spicy  odour 
like  anise,  and  might  be  used  for  it. 

Illicium  Parviflo'rum,  a  shrub  of  the  hilly 
regiong  of  Georgia  and  Carolina,  has  a  flavour 
closely  resembling  that  of  sassafras  root. 

ILLINITIO,  Inunction. 

ILLITIO,  Inunction. 

ILLITUS,  Inunction. 

ILLOS,  Eye,  see  Strabismus. 

ILLO'SIS,  Ilo'sis,  from  iXXo?,  'the  eye.'  Dis- 
tortion of  the  eyes.     Strabismus. 

ILLUSIO  SENSUS,  Hallucination. 

ILLUSION,  Hallucination. 

ILLUTAMENTUM,  see  Illutatio. 

ILLUTA'TIO,  from  il,  in,  'upon,'  and  lutum, 
'mud.'  A  word  used,  by  the  ancients,  for  the 
act  of  covering  any  part  of  the  body  with  mud, — 
illutamen'tum — with  therapeutical  views. 

ILOSIS,  Illosis. 

IMAGINA'TION,  Imagina'tio,  Figiira'tio, 
Phanta'sia,  Bianoe'ma,  from  imago,  'image.' 
The  faculty  of  forming  in  the  mind  an  assem- 
blage ef  images  and  combinations  of  ideas  which 
are  not  always  in  connexion  with  external  ob- 
jects. 

IMBALSAMATION,  Embalming. 

IMBECIL'ITY,  Imhecil'litas,  Stnpid'itas,  He- 
hetu'do  an'imi.  Weakness,  especially  of  the  in- 
tellect; incoherency;  Imhecil'litas  mentis. 

IMBECILLIS,  Infirm. 

IMBECILLITAS  INGENII,  Idiotism,  Imbe- 
cility—  i.  Mentis,  Idiotism,  Imiiecility  —  i.  Ven- 
triculi,  Gasterasthenia. 

IMBELLIS  AD  VENEREM,  Frigid. 

IMBER'BIS,  Imher'hxis,  Agenei'os,  Apo'gon, 
from  im,  in,  'negation,'  and  barba,  'beard.'  One 
devoid  of  beard. 

IMBIBITIO,  Absorption,  Imbibition, 

IMBIBIT"ION,  Imbihit"io,  Emp'osis,  Endos- 
mose.  Aspiration,  from  imbihere  {in,  and  hihere), 
'to  drink,  to  imbibe.'  The  action,  by  which  a 
body  becomes  penetrated  by  a  liquid.  See  En- 
dosmose.  Many  of  the  phenomena  of  absorption 
are  owing  to  imbibition. 

IMBREX  NARIUM,  Septum  narium. 

IMBRICARIA  SAXATILIS,  Lichen  saxatilis. 

IMMERSUS,  Subscapularis  muscle. 

IM'MINENCE,  Imminen'tia,  from  im,  and  ma- 
nere,  '  to  stay.'  Staying  over,  or  upon  ;  impend- 
ing. Some  authors  have  designated,  by  this 
term,  the  period  which  precedes  the  invasion  of 
a  disease ;  when  certain  indications  foretell  its 
approach. 

nnilNENCE  3I0RBIDE,  Diathesis,  Predis- 
position. 

IMMISSIO  CATHETERIS,  Catheterismus. 

IMMISSOR,  Catheter. 

IMMOBILITAS,  Acinesia— i.  Pupillse,  Amau- 
rosis. 

IMMODERANTIA,  Intemperance. 

IMMODERATIO,  Intemperance. 

IMMOVABLE  APPARATUS,  see  Apparatus, 
immovable. 

IMMUTANS,  Alterative. 

IMPACTION,  Impac'tio,  from  impingere  (in, 
and  pangere),  '  to  strike  against.'  A  fracture  of 
the  cranium,  ribs,  or  sternum,  vith  depression  of 
some  of  the  fragments  and  projection  of  othera 
externally.     See  Ecpicsma. 


IMPATIENS 


469 


INCARCERATION 


IMPA'TIENS  BALSAMI'NA,  Balsam  weed, 
Touch-jne-not.  This  probably  resembles  the  other 
species  in  its  properties. 

Impa'tiens  Fulva  and  I.  Pal'lida,  Tonch- 
me-not,  Jewel  toeed,  Balsam  iceed,  Slippers,  Cel'- 
andine,  Quick-i n-the-hand,  Weath'er cocks.  Indi- 
genous plants,  having  tender,  juicy,  almost  trans- 
parent stems,  and  yellow  flowers,  which  appear 
in  July  and  August.  It  is  found  in  low,  moist 
ground,  in  every  part  of  the  Union.  The  pro- 
perties are  probably  the  same  as  those  of 

Impa'tiens  Noli-me-tan'gere  of  Europe,  which 
has  an  acrid  taste,  and  acts  as  an  emetic,  cathar- 
tic, and  diuretic. 

IMPEDIMENTUM,  Emphragma. 

IMPERATO'RIA,  /.  Ostru'thium,  Seli'num 
ostru'thium,  S.  Imperato' via,  Angel'ica  officina'lis, 
AstrutMum,  OstrutMum,  Astran'tia,  Magistran' - 
tia,  Masterwort,  (old  F.)  Austruche.  The  roots 
of  this  plant  were  formerly  considered  divinum 
remedium.  They  are  merely  aromatic  and  bitter, 
and  are  not  used. 

liiPERATORiA  Sylvestris,  Angelica  sylvestris. 

IMPERFORATE,  Atretus. 

IMPERFORATIO,  Imperforation  —  i.  Ani, 
Atresia  ani  adnata,  Proctatresia  —  i.  Pupillse, 
Synezizis  —  i.  Uteri,  Metratresia. 

IMPERFORA'TION,  from  im,  'in,'  per, 
'through',and/orare,  'to  bore.'  Imperfora'tio,Atre'  - 
sia,  Atretis'mus,  Cap'etus.  Absence  of  a  natural 
aperture ;  as,  of  the  mouth,  anus,  vulva,  nostrils, 
&c.  It  is  congenital,  being  depcHdent  upon  faulty 
conformation. 

IMPERFORATION  BE  L'ANUS,  Atresia 
ani  adnata. 

IMPE'RIAL.  A  pleasant,  cooling  drink,  formed 
fif  bitartrate  of  potassa,  §ssj  one  lemon,  cut  into 
slices ;  toMie  sugar,  R)ss ;  and  water,  Oiij.  Let 
the  mixture  stand  for  half  an  hour,  and  strain. 

IMPETiaiNOSITAS,  Impetigo. 

IMPETI'GO,  iiom.impeto,  'I  infest.'  Impeti- 
ginos'itas,  Darta,  Ber'hia,  Im'petus,  Peti'go,  Ec- 
pye'sis  impeti'go,  Phlysis  impeti'go.  Lepra  squam- 
mo'sa,  Running  Seall  or  Tetter,  Crusted  Tetter, 
Ptuttular  or  Humid  Tetter,  Scall,  Cowrap,  (F.) 
Bartre,  B.  crustaeie,  B.  crodteuse,  Lepre  Jiumide, 
Jlelitagre.  A  word  used  in  various  acceptations. 
With  some  writers  it  is  synonymous  with  itch.  In 
others,  it  means  a  variety  of  herpes.  Sauvages 
employs  it  as  a  generic  term,  under  which  he 
comprises  syphilis,  scorbutus,  rachitis,  elephanti- 
asis, the  itch,  tinea,  scrofula,  &c.  It  forms,  also, 
a  genus  in  the  class  CachexicB  of  Cullen.  In 
Bateman,  it  is  the  first  genus  of  the  5th  order, 
Pustules,  and  is  defined  —  the  humid  or  running 
tetter;  consisting  of  small  pustules,  denominated 
Psydracia.  It  is  unaccompanied  by  fever ;  not 
contagious,  or  communicable  by  inoculation.  He 
has  five  species:  —  the  I.  figura'ta,  I.  sparsa, 
J.  erysipelato'des,  I.  scah'ida,  and  /.  rodens.  See 
Psoriasis. 

Impetigo  Excokticativa,  Ichthyosis  —  i.  Fi- 
gurata,  Porrigo  lupinosa  —  i.  Pellagra,  Pellagra 
—  i.  Ulcerata,  Zerna. 

IMPETUM  FACIENS,  Enormon. 

IMPETUS,  Impetigo,  Paroxysm. 

IMPLICATIONES  RETICULARES  NER- 
VORUM, Plexus  nervorum. 

IMPLIC'ITI  MORBI,  Implica'ti  seu  compli- 
ca'ti  Morbi.  Diseases,  which  exist  in  an  organ; 
and  produce,  concurrently,  disorders  in  other 
organs. 

IMPLUVIUM,  Embrocation,  Bath,  shower. 

IMPOSTHUME,  Abscess. 

IM'POTENCE,  Acrati'a,  Impoten'tia,  I.  gene- 
ran'di,  Agenne'sia,  Agen'nesis,  Igna'via  seu  Ig- 
nav'itas  partium  genita'lium,  (F.)  Impuissance ; 
from  im,  'priv.,'  and  votens,  '  able.'  Loss  of  power 


over  one  or  more  of  the  members.  Commonly,  it 
means  want  of  sexual  vigour;  incapacity  for  co- 
pulation; and  chiefly  on  the  part  of  the  male. 
Asty'sia,  Astyph'ia,  Asyno'dia,  Adynamia  viri'lis. 
It  has,  also,  been  used  synonymously  with  steri- 
lity. Impotence  may  be  absolute  or  relative,  con- 
stitutional or  local,  direct  or  indirect,  permanent 
or  temporary. 

IMPOTENTIA,  Adynamia,  Impotence— i.  Ge- 
nerandi,  Impotence. 

IMPOVERISHED,  Effe'fus,  Bepaupera'tus, 
(F.)  Appativri.  'Having  become  poor;'  origi- 
nally from  (L.)  joaM/ier,  'poor.'  The  Humorists 
applied  this  epithet  to  a  humour,  deprived  of  a 
part  of  its  constituents,  and  particularly  to  the 
blood.  This  fluid  was  considered  to  be  impove- 
rished when  it  was  pale,  without  the  proper  con- 
sistence, and  abounding  in  serum.  It  was,  on 
the  contrary,  rich,  in  their  opinion,  when  of  a 
scarlet  colour ;  possessing  consistence ;  when  it 
coagulated  promptly,  and  the  quantity  of  serum, 
compared  with  that  of  the  clot,  was  by  no  means 
considerable. 

IMPR^GNATIO,  Fecundation,  Pregnancy. 

IMPREGNATION,  Fecundation,  Pregnancy. 

IMPRESSIBILITY,  GREAT,  Hypersesthesis. 

IMPRES'SION,  Impres'sio  {in,  and  premere, 
pressum,  'to  press'),  Pros'bole,  (F.)  Empreinte. 
A  more  or  less  deep  indentation  which  certain 
organs  seem  to  make  on  others.  Inequalities 
observable  on  the  bones,  which  appear  to  be 
made  by  the  subjacent  organs. 

Impres'sions  Dig"ital,  Impressio'nes  digita'tcB 
cra'nii.  Fossa  digita'les,  are  the  depressions  of 
various  forms,  observable  at  the  inner  surface  of 
the  cranium,  wjiich  look,  at  first  view,  as  if  they 
were  made  with  the  fingers. 

IMPU'BER,  Impu'bes,  Impu'his,  Ane'bus,  Ca- 
pilla'tus,  from  in,  'negation,'  and. pubertas,  'pu- 
berty.' (F.)  Impuhere.  One  who  has  not  attained 
the  age  of  puberty. 

IMPUBES,  Impuber. 

IMPUDICUS,  see  Digitus, 

IMPUISSANCE,  Impotence. 

IMPULSE,  DIAS'TOLIC,  Back  stroke  of  the 
heart.  A  jog  or  stroke  which  has  been  termed 
the  'back  stroke,'  felt  at  the  end  of  each  pulsa- 
tion, and  which  would  seem  to  be  owing  to  the 
refilling  of  the  ventricles. 

Impulse  op  the  Heart,  see  Heart. 

IMPURITATES  ALVIN^,  Fteces. 

INANIA,  Iliac  regions. 

INANITIATED,  see  Inanitiation. 

INANITIA'TION,  Inanitia'tio,  same  etymon. 
The  act  of  being  exhausted  for  want  of  nourish- 
ment. One  so  exhausted  is  said  to  be  inanitiated. 

INANIT"ION,  Inanit"io,  Inan'itas,  from  ina- 
nire,  '  to  empty.'  Ceno'sis.  Exhaustion  for  want 
of  nourishment.  To  die  from  inanition  is  to  die 
from  exhaustion.  ' 

INAPPETENTIA,  Anorexia,  Dysorexia. 

INARTIGULATIO,  Enarthrosis. 

INAURA'TION,  Inaura'tio,  from  in,  and  au- 
rum,  'gold.'     The  gilding  of  pills  or  boluses. 

INCANTAMENTUM,  Charm. 

INCANTA'TION,  Incanta'tio,  Incantamen'- 
tiim,  Ep'ode,  from  in,  and  cantare,  '  to  sing,'  — 
for  example,  a  magical  song.  A  mode  of  curing 
diseases  by  charms,  &c.,  defended  by  Paracelsus, 
Van  Helmont,  and  others. 

INCARGERA'TIO,  Chatonnement,  Incarcera- 
tion—  i.  Intestinorum  interna,  Enteremphraxia 
—  i.  Intestinorum,  Enteroperistole. 

INCARCERA'TION,  Incarcera'tio,  from  in, 
'in,'  and  career,  'prison.'  Hernia  is  said  to  be 
incarcerated,  Hernia  incarcera'ta,  when,  owing 
to  constriction  about  the  neck  of  the  hernial  sao 
or  elsewhere,  it  cannot  be  reduced  with  facility 


INCAENANS 


470 


INCUBUS 


Incarceration  is  sometimes  used  in  the  same  sense 
as  strangulation. 

I'NCAB,'^ANS,Inearnati'vtis,Sarco'ticu8,Star- 
ticus,  Plero'ticns,  Anaplero'ticus,  Sarcot'ic,  from 
{yi,  and  caro,  carnis,  'flesh.'  Medicines,  which 
were  fancied  to  promote  the  regeneration  of  the 
flesh.  Certain  bandages  and  sutures  have,  also, 
been  so  called. 

INCARNATIO,  Incarnation  —  i.  Unguium, 
Onyehogi-yphosis. 

INCAE,NA'TION,  Incarna'tio,  same  etymon. 
Growth  of  flesh  or  granulations. 
INCARNATUS,  Carneous. 
IN  CEN'DIUM,  from  incendere  {in,  and  can- 
dere),  '  to  burn.'  Pyrca'a,  irvpxaia,  Causis,  Phlo- 
go'sis.  A  burning  fever  or  any  burning  heat.  — 
Jncen' dium  fehri'le,  Incen'sio.  —  Willis.  Inflam- 
mation, Phlegmon. 

Incendium  Spontanetjm,  Combustion,  human. 
INCENSIO,  Incendium. 
INCENTIVUM,  Stimulant. 
INCBRA'TION,    Incera'tio,   Encero'sia,   from 
cera,  '  wax.'     The  act  of  incorporating  wax  with 
some  other  bodyj  or,  rather,  the  operation  whose 
object  is  to  communicate  to  a  dry  substance  the 
consistence  of  wax. 

INCERNIC'ULUM,  from  incernere  {in,  and 
cernere),  '  to  sift.'     A  strainer  or  sieve. 
INCESSIO,  Bath,  half,  Semicupium. 
INCESSUS,  Walking. 

INCIDEN'TIA,  from  incidere  {in,  and  ccedere), 
♦to  cut.'  {¥.)  Iiicisifs.  This  name  was  fpiTuerly 
given  to  medicines  to  which  was  attributed  the 
property  of  cutting  thick  or  coagulated  humours. 
The  fixed  alkalies,  hydrosulphurets  of  alkalies, 
sulphurous  water,  &c.,  were  considered  to  belong 
to  this  class. 

INCINERA'TION,  Incinera'tio,  Cinefac'tio, 
from  cinis,  cineris,  '  ashes.'  In  pharmacy,  a  pro- 
cess by  which  animal  or  vegetable  substances  are 
reduced  to  ashes. 

INCINCTA,  Pregnant. 
INCISIFS,  Incidentia. 

INCISIO,  Cut,  Incision — i.  Simplex,  Haploto- 
mia. 

INCIS'ION,  Incia'io,  En'cope,  Incisu'ra,  IncV- 
sua,  Tome,  {¥.)  Taillade.  A  methodical  division 
of  soft  parts  with  a  cutting  instrument. 

INCI'SIVE,  Incisi'vus,  Inciao'mis,  Foaaa  inci- 
ei'va,  F.  myrtifor'mia,  is  a  depression  in  the  supe- 
rior maxillary  bone,  above  the  incisor  teeth. 

Incisive  Bone,  Intermaxillary  bone — i.  Canal, 
Bee  Palatine  canals. 

Incisive  Nebve,  Nervua  inciai'vua.  A  branch 
of  the  inferior  dental  nerve,  which  supplies  the 
incisor  teeth. 

Incisive  Teeth,  Inci'sor  Teeth,  Den'iea  inci- 
eo'rea,  tom'ici,  ctenea,  dichasterea,  gelaai'ni,  pri- 
mo'rea,  raao'rii.  The  teeth  which  occupy  the  an- 
terior part  of  the  upper  and  lower  jaws  are  so 
called,  because  they  are  used  for  cutting  the  food 
in  the  manner  of  cutting  instruments. 

INCISIVUS,  MUSCULUS,  Levator  labii  su- 
perioris  proprius  —  i.  Inferior,  Levator  labii  infe- 
rioris  —  i.  Lateralis  et  pyramidalis,  Levator  labii 
superioris  alseque  nasi — i.  Medius,  Depressor  alsB 
nasi. 

INCISOR  TEETH,  Incisive  teeth. 
INCISO'RIUM,  Tomi'on.    An  operating  table. 
A  scalpel. 

INCISORIUS,  Incisive. 

INCISURA,  Echancrnre,  Incision — i.  Crucia- 
lis,  Crucial  Incision — i.  Ischiadica  Major,  Sciatic 
notch,  greater — i.  Ischiadica  Minor,  Sciatic  notch, 
lesser  —  i.  Lienalis,  Ililus  lienalis  —  i.  Renalis, 
Hilus  renalis  —  i.  Scapularis,  Notch,  scapular  — 
I.  Septi,  see  Ventricles  of  the  brain. 

Ikcisu'ra  Trag"ica,  Notch  of  the  Concha.    A 


wide,  deep  and  rounded  notch,  which  separates 
the  tragus  from  the  antitragus. 

INOlSUliES  BE  SANTOBINI,  Santorini, 
fissures  of. 

INCISUS,  Incision. 

IN  CIT ABILITY,  Irritability. 

INCITAMENTUM,  Stimulus. 

INCITANS,  Stimulant. 

INCITATIO,  Stimulation. 

INCLAVATIO,  Gomphosis,  see  Wedged. 

INCLINATIO,  Decline  — i.  Coeli,  Climate. 

INCLUSION,  MONSTROSITY  BY,  Emhoite- 

THCTltm 

INCLUSUS,  Wedged. 
INCOCTUS,  see  Crudity. 

INCOHE'RENCE,  Jncohe'reney,  {'¥.)  Anaco- 
luthie,  Revaaaerie ;  from  in,  negative,  co,  con, 
cum,  'with,'  and  hcerere,  'to  stick.'  Want  of  de- 
pendence of  one  part  on  another.  The  condition 
of  the  mental  manifestations  in  dementia,  &c. 

INCOMPAT'IBLE,  from  in,  'negation,'  and 
coyiipetere,  '  to  agree.'  A  substance,  which  can- 
not be  prescribed  with  another,  without  inter- 
fering with  its  chemical  composition  or  medicinal 
activity. 

INCONTINEN'TIA,  from  in,  'negation,'  and 
contineo,  'I  contain;'  Anepia'chesia.  'Inconti- 
nence.' '  Inability  to  retain  the  natural  evacua^ 
tion.'     Abuse  of  the  pleasures  of  love. 

Incontinentia  Alvi,  Diarrhoea  —  i.  Urinse, 
Enuresis,  Scoracrasia. 

INCORPORA'TION,  Incorpora'tio,  Corpora'- 
tio,  Enaomato'sia,  Metenaomato'sis,  from  in,  and 
corpua,  '  a  body.'  An  operation,  by  which  medi- 
cines are  mixed  with  soft  or  liquid  bodies,  in 
order  to  give  them  a  certain  consistence.  Also, 
the  thorough  admixture  of  various  substances. 

INCRASSAN'TIA,  Incrassati'va,  Inviacan'- 
tia,  Spiaaan'tia,  Ecp)yc't.ica,  Condensan'tia,  Pa~ 
chyn'tica,  Pycnot'ica,  Pycnicmaa'tica,  from  i7i, 
and  craasua,  '  thick.'  Medicines  which  were  for- 
merly believed  to  possess  the  power  of  thicliening 
the  humours,  when  too  thin.  All  mucilaginous 
substances  were  so  regarded. 

INCRASSATIVA,  Incrassantia. 
IN'CREASE,  Incremen'tum,  Auxis,  Auxe'ais, 
from  in,  and  creacere,  'to  grow.'  (F.)  Accroiase- 
ment.  Augmentation  of  the  size  or  weight  of  a 
body,  by  the  application  of  new  molecules  around 
those  which  already  exist. 

INCREMENTUM,  Augmentation,  Increase. 
INCRUCIATIO,  Decussation. 
INCRUSTA'TION,  Incmatu'tio,  from  in,  and 
cruata,  '  a  crust ;'  Coni'naia.  The  act  of  forming 
a  crust  on  the  surface  of  a  body,  as  well  as  the 
crust  itself.  Also,  the  calcareous  deposites  or 
cartilaginous  plates,  which  sometimes  form  in 
organs. 

INCUBA'TION,  Incvla'tio,  Incuhit"in,  Tncu'- 
bittia,  from  incuhare,  {in,  and  ctibare.)  'to  lie  upon.' 
This  word,  which  is  used  in  natural  history  for 
the  sitting  of  birds  upon  their  eggs,  is  emploj-ed, 
figuratively,  in  medicine,  for  the  period  that 
elapses  between  the  introduction  of  a  morbific 
principle  into  the  animal  economy  and  the  inva- 
sion of  the  disease. 

INCUBITIO,  Incubation. 
INCUBITUS,  Incubation. 
INCUBO,  Incubus. 

IN'CUBUS.  Same  etymon.  In'cnlo,  Epial'- 
tea,  Ephial'tea  noctur'niia,  Ephial'tea,  Epilep'aia 
noeturna.  Asthma  noctur'num,  PniyaV ion,  Suc'- 
ciibiia,  Oneirodyn'ia  grarans,  Erethis'mua  onciro- 
dyn'ia,  Nnctur'na  oppres'sio,  Ejyih'ole,  Buhvzica'- 
riua.  Nightmare,  (F.)  Caachemar,  Cuuchcvieille, 
Coehemar,  Oneirodynie  gvavative.  Same  etymon. 
A  sensation  of  a  distressing  weight  at  the  epigas- 
trium during  sleep,  and  of  impossibility  of  mo- 


INCUNABULA 


471 


INDURATION 


tion,  speech  or  respiration ;  the  patient  at  length 
awaking  in  terror,  after  extreme  anxiety.  Night- 
mare is  often  the  effect  of  difficult  digestion 
or  of  an  uneasy  position  of  the  body.  At  other 
times,  it  occurs  in  consequence  of  severe  emo- 
tions. The  sensation  of  suffocation  was  formerly 
ascribed  to  the  person's  being  possessed,  and  the 
male  spirits  were  called  incuhes — the  female  suc- 
cubes.  The  disease  requires  no  particular  treat- 
ment.    The  causes  must  be  avoided. 

Incubus  Vigilan 'tium,  EpMal'tes  vigilan'- 
tium,  E.  hypoehondrV aca,  Bayniare.  This  is  pro- 
duced during  wakefulness ;  the  sense  of  pressure 
being  severe  and  extending  over  the  abdomen ; 
respiration  frequent,  laborious,  and  constricted,- 
eyes  fixed ;  sighing,  deep  and  violent ;  intellect, 
undistnrbed. 

INCUNABULA,  Swathing  clothes. 

INCUNEATIO,  see  Wedged. 

INCU'RABLE,  Incurah' ihs,  Rem' ediless,  Irre- 
me'diable,  Tnsanab'ilis,  Anal' thes,  Anaces'tos, 
Atherapeu'tus,  from  in,  negative,  and  ciira,  cure. 
Not  susceptible  of  cure; — applied  to  both  patients 
and  diseases. 

INCURIA,  Acedia. 

INCUBSUS  ARTERIARUM,  Pulse. 

INCURVATIO,  Gryposis. 

INCUS,  {in,  and  cudo,  '1  hammer,')  'an  anvil.' 
Acmon,  Os  incu'di  sim'ile,  Ossic'idum  Incudi  seu 
viola'ri  denti  compara'tum,  (F.)  EncUane.  One 
of  the  small  bones  of  the  ear,  so  called  from  its 
fancied  resemblance  to  a  smith's  anvil.  It  is 
situate  in  the  cavity  of  the  tympanum,  between 
the  malleus  and  orbiculare.  Its  body  is  articu- 
lated with  the  malleus;  its  horizontal  ramus, 
which  is  the  shortest,  corresponds  with  the  en- 
trance of  the  mastoid  cells ;  and  its  vertical  ra- 
mus is  articulated  with  the  os  orbiculare.  The 
incus  is  composed  of  a  compact  tissue,  and  is  de- 
veloped from  a  single  point  of  ossification. 

INDEX,  Dig"itus  index  seu  seeun'dus  seu  salu- 
tator'iu^,  Demonstra' tor,  Indica'tor,  Indicato'rius, 
Lich'anos,  Deic'ticos,  from  indicare,  '  to  point 
out.'     The  forefinger,  index  finger.     See  Digitus. 

INDIAN  ARROW  WOOD,  see  Euonymus  — 
i.  Paint,  Hydrastis  Canadensis — i.  Physic,  Gille- 
nia  trifoliata — i.  Physic,  small-flowered,  Gillenia 
stipulacea. 

INDIA'NA,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  A 
medicinal  spring,  near  JeffersonvillCj  is  much 
frequented.  Its  waters  are  strongly  impregnated 
with  sulphur  and  iron. 

IN'DICANT,  In'dicans,  Endeic'ticos,  (P.)  Indi- 
catif.  Same  etymon  as  index.  Any  thing  which, 
in  the  course  of  a  disease  or  in  what  precedes  or 
accompanies  it,  concurs  in  pointing  out  the  means 
to  be  used  for  its  cure. 

INDIGATIF,  Indicant. 

IN'DICATING  DAYS,  Dies  In'dices,  D.  In- 
dicato'rii  seu  Indican'tes,  D.  contemplan'tes,  (F.) 
Jours  indicateurs.  Hippocrates  and  others  have 
thus  called  the  middle  day  of  the  septenary ;  be- 
cause they  imagined,  that  indications  were  some- 
times given  then  of  the  crisis  which  would  occur 
in  the  last  day  of  the  septenary. 

INDICA'TION,  Indica'tio,  Aecusa'tio,  Dela'- 
lio,  Endeix'is,  Endex'is,Boethemat'icum  Semei'on. 
The  object  proposed  in  the  employment  of  any 
means  which  are  had  recourse  to  for  the  cure  of 
disease.  It  may  also  be  defined — the  manifesta- 
tion afforded  by  the  disease  itself  of  what  is  pro- 
per to  be  done  for  its  removal. 

INDICATOR,  Extensor  proprius  indicis,  see 
Digitus,  and  Index. 
INDICUM,  Indigo. 
INDICUS  COLOR,  Indigo. 
INDIGENCE,  Want. 
INDIG"ENOUS,  Indig"ena.    Whatever  is  na- 


tive in  a  country,  in  opposition  to  exotic;  as  aa 
indigenous  remedy,  indigenous  disease.  Sua. 

INDIGESTION,  Dyspepsia  — i.  Alkaline,  see 
Dyspepsia  —  i.  Neutral,  see  Dyspepsia. 
INDIGITATIO,  Intussusceptio. 
INDIGNABUNDUS,  Rectus  externus  oculi. 
INDIGNATORIUS,  Rectus  externus  oculi. 
IN'DIGO,    Indigimi,   In'dicttm,   Indicus   color, 
Pigmen'tum  In'dicum.    A  dye-stuff,  in  small  solid 
masses,  of  a  deep  azure  blue  colour,  and  devoid 
of  smell  and  taste.    It  is  obtained,  by  a  fermenta- 
tive process,  from  Indigof  era  anil,  (/.  suffruti- 
co'sa,)  I.  argen'tea,  (I.  artieida'ta  seu  tincto'ria 
seu  glau'ca  seu  colora'ta,)  and  /.  tincto'ria  seu 
In'dica,  and  is  sometimes  used  by  the  apothe- 
cary for  colouring  certain  preparations.     It  has 
likewise  been  administered  internally,  of  late,  in 
spasmodic  diseases,  especially  in  epilepsy.     The 
dose  may  be  at  first  grains,  but  it  may  be  ele- 
vated to  drachms. 

Indigo,  False,  (Tall  White,)  see  Sophora 
tinctoria. 

INDIGO,  FAUX,  Galega  officinalis— i.  Weed, 
Sophora  tinctoria  —  i.  Wild,  Sophora  tinctoria  — 
i.  Yellow,  Sophora  tinctoria. 

INDIGOFERA,  see  Indigo,  Sophora  tinctoria. 

INDIGUM,  Indigo. 

INDISPOSIT"ION,  Mala  disposit"io,  Dys- 
phor'ia,  (F.)  Malaise.  A  slight  functional  dis- 
turbance, which  may  scarcely  bear  the  name  of 
disease.  A  feeling  of  sickness  —  sensus  cBgritu'- 
dinis. 

IN'DOLENT,  In'dolens,  from  in,  privative,  and 
dolere,  '  to  be  in  pain.'  Exhibiting  little  or  no 
pain.  An  epithet  particularly  applied  to  certain 
tumours. 

INDOLENTIA,  Anodynia. 

IN'DOLES.  A  natural  disposition  or  charac- 
ter. 

Indoles  An'imi.  The  natural  disposition  or 
character  of  mind. 

Indoles  Morbi.     The  nature  or  character  of  a 

INDOSYNCLONUS,  Beriberi. 

INDUC'TIO,  Apiago'ge,  from  inducere,  (in, 
and  ducere,  'to  lead.')  A  word  used  especially 
for  the  action  of  extending  a  plaster  upon  linen. 

INDUCULA,  Waistcoat,  strait. 

INDUMENTUM  CORDIS,  Pericardium  —  i. 
Nervorum,  Neurilema — i.  Ventriculorum,  Epen- 
dyma  ventriculorum. 

IN'DURANS,  {in  and  durus,)  Sclerot'icus, 
Sclerun'ticus,  Scleryn'ticus.  A  medicine  which 
hardens  the  parts  to  which  it  is  applied. 

INDURATIO,  Induration  —  i.  lutestinorum, 
Enteropathia  cancerosa  —  i.  Maligna,  Scirrhus — 
i.  Renum,  Nephroseleria — i.  Telse  cellulosae  neo- 
natorum, see  Induration — i.  Ventriculi  scLrrhosa, 
Gastroscirrhus. 

INDURA'TION,  Indura'tio,  Selerys'ma,  Scle- 
rys'mus,  Callos'itas,  Indurescen'tia,  Poro'ma,  Po- 
ro'sis,  (F.)  Endurcissement.  The  hardness  which 
supervenes,  occasionally,  in  an  inflamed  part.  It 
is  one  of  the  terminations  of  inflammation,  and  is 
owing  to  a  change  in  the  nutrition  of  the  part. 

Induration  of  the  Cellular  Tissue,  Indu- 
ra'tio seu  Opipila'tio  tela  cellulo'scB  neonato'rmn, 
Ethmypkotylo' sis,  CEde'ma  neonato'riim,  Compact 
(Ede'ma  of  Infants,  Cat'ochus  Infan'tum,  Indu- 
ratio  ceUulo'sa,  Sclere'mia,  Sclere'ma,  Sclero'ma, 
Scleroder' ma.  Cutis  tensa  chron'ica,  Dermato2i(i~ 
risclero'sis,  Bermatoperisclerysmus,  Ethmyphoty. 
losis,  Halonii'tis,  Phlegmasia  cellula'ris,  Scirrho- 
sar'ca  neonato'rmn,  Scleri'nsis  neonato'rum,  Sole  ■ 
ro'sis,  Stipa'tio  telcB  cellulo'sce  Infan'tum,  Skin- 
bound  Disease,  (F.)  Endurcissement  du  tissu  celln- 
Inire  ;  (Edeine  du  tissu  cellulnire  des  nouveau-nes, 
Asp>hyxie  lentc  des  nouveau-nes,  is  a  disease  'vhioh 


n^DURESCENTIA 


472 


INFLAMMATIO 


attacks  infants  a  few  days  after  birth,  and  which 
Chaussier  proposed  to  call  Sclereme,  from  aKXripos, 
'  hard.' 

The  Induration  of  the  cellular  tissue  of  the 
adult,  Sclcrosteno'sis  cuta'nea,  has  been  regarded 
as  the  result  of  inflammation  of  the  corium,  Cho- 
rioni'tis. 

Induration  of  the  Brain,  Sclerencephalia — 
i.  Grise,  see  Hepatization. 

INDURESCEJfTIA,  Induration. 

INDU'SIUM,  Chitonis'cos.  Strictly,  'a  shirt,' 
'a  small  tunic;'  but  some  have  so  called  the 
amnion. 

INE'BRIANT,  Ine'hrians,  Phantas'ticus;  from 
in  and  ehrio,  '1  intoxicate.'  Intoxicating.  An 
agent  that  intoxicates. 

INEBRIATION,  Temulentia. 

INEDIA,  Easting. 

INER'TIA,  from  hi,  'privative,'  and  ars,  artis, 
'art.,'  (?)  Igna'via,  Uner'vitas.  Sluggishness,  in- 
activity. 

Iner'tiA  of  the  Womb,  (F.)  Inertie  de  la  ma- 
trice.  The  diminution  and  even  total  cessation 
of  the  contractions  of  the  uterus  during  labour ; 
as  well  as  the  species  of  languor  into  which  it 
sometimes  falls  after  the  expulsion  of  the  foetus. 

INERTIE  PAR  EPUISE2IENT,  see  Partu- 
rition— i.  de  la  Ilatrioe,  Inertia  of  the  womb. 

INESIS,  Cenosis. 

INETHMOS,  Cenosis. 

liST'EANCY,  Infun'tia,  from  in,  'negation,'  and 
fans,  from  fari,  'to  speak.'  Early  childhood. 
Childhood ;  Nepiot'es,  Paidi'a,  (F.)  Enfance.  It 
generally  includes  the  age  from  birth  till  the 
seventh  year.     See  Age. 

INFANS,  Pai'dion,  Ne'pios,  (F.)  Enfant.  An 
infant;  a  child;  one  in  infancy.  In  law,  one 
who  has  not  attained  the  age  of  legal  capacity ; 
•which  is,  in  general,  fixed  at  twenty-one  years. 

Infans  recbns  natus,  Noiiveaxi-ne. 

INFANTIA,  Infancy, 

INFAN'TICIDE,  Infantiei'dium,  Tecnocton'ia, 
Child-murder,  from  infans,  '  a  child,'  and  ccedere, 
*  to  kill.'  The  murder  of  a  child  newly  born,  or 
on  the  point  of  being  born.  It  may  be  perpe- 
trated by  the  mother,  or  by  some  other  person, 
either  by  commission,  that  is,  in  consequence  of  a 
direct,  voluntary  act;  —  or  by  omission  of  those 
cares  which  are  necessary  for  the  preservation  of 
the  new-born. 

INFARCTUS,  Emphraxis  — i.  Intestinorum, 
Enteremphraxis — i.  Lactei  extremitatum,  Phleg- 
matia  dolens — i.  Lienis,  Splenoncus. 

Infarc'tus  Mamm^  Lac'teus,  Lactis  concre- 
tio'nes,  Nodi  seu  Thrombi  lactei,  Trichi'asis  lac- 
tea.  Knotty  tumours  of  the  female  mammas, 
owing  to  the  accumulation  and  arrest  of  mUk  in 
the  galactophorous  ducts. 

Infarcttjs  Uteri,  Metremphraxis. 

INFECTION,  see  Contagion. 

INFECUNDITY,  Sterility, 

INFECUNDUS,  Sterile. 

INFER'NAL, /H/er'n!<8y  'relating  to  hell.'  A 
name  applied  to  caustic — Lapis  Iixferna'lis — on 
account  of  its  strong  burning  properties. 

INFIBULA'TIO,  Fihula'tio,  InJibula'tion,Anc- 
terias'mus ;  from  fibula,  'a  clasp.'  (F.)  Boiicle- 
inent.  An  operation,  formerly  practised,  which 
consisted  in  passing  a  ring  through  the  prepuce, 
after  having  drawn  it  over  the  glans;  — in  order 
to  prevent  coition.  The  ancients  employed  infi- 
bulation  with  their  gladiators,  to  preserve  all 
their  strength  by  depriving  them  of  venery.  In 
the  women,  to  preserve  their  chastity,  the  ring 
vas  passed  throuL'h  the  labia  majora. 

INFILTRA'TION,  Infiltra'tio,  from  filtrare, 


'to  filter.'  Efi'usion.  The  accumulation  of  a 
fluid  in  the  areolse  of  any  texture,  and  particu- 
larly of  the  areolar  membrane.  The  fluid  effused 
is  ordinarily  the  Liquor  sanguinis,  sound  or  al- 
tered,—  sometimes  blood  or  pus,  faeces,  or  urine. 
When  infiltration  of  a  serous  fluid  is  general,  it 
constitutes  anasarca  ;  when  local,  oed.ema. 

INFILTRATION  PURULENTE,  see  Hepa- 
tization. 

INFIRM,  Infirm'us,  Imhecillis,  Deb'ilis,  As'- 
tJienes,  from  in,  negative,  and^rmMS,  'firm.'  Not 
firm  or  sound  ;  weak ;  feeble. 

INFIRMARIUM,  Hospital. 

INFIRMARY,  Hospital. 

INFIRMATORIUM,  Hospital. 

INFIR3IIER  (F.),  from  infirmus,  {in,  negative, 
and  firmiis.)  Infirma'rius,  Nosoc'omus,  C'ura'toi 
infirmo'riun.  One  employed  in  an  hospital  or  in- 
firmary to  take  care  of  the  sick. 

INFIRM'ITY,  Infirm'itas,  Astheni'a,  Arrhos' - 
tia,  Invalefu'do.  Any  disease  which  has  become 
habitual,  either  owing  to  its  chronic  character,  or 
its  numerous  relapses. 

INFLA'MED,  Inflamma'tim,  (F.)  Enflammi, — 
Phlogo'sed,  according  to  some.  Same  etymon  as 
inflammation.     Affected  with  inflammation. 

INFLAMMABLE  AIR,Hydrogen,carburetted. 

INFLAMMATIO,  Inflammation,  Phlegmon— 
i.  Abdominalis,  Encoelitis  —  i.  Articuli  MaxUlEe 
Inferioris,  Hyposiago.narthritis — i.  Auris,  Otitis — 
i.  Bronchiorum,  Bronchitis — i.  Cseci,  Typhlo-en- 
teritis — i.  Capsule  lentis,  Phacohymenitis — i.  Ce- 
rebelli,  Cerebellitis — i.  Clitoridis,  Nymphitis — i. 
Conjunctivae,  see  Ophthalmia  —  i.  Cornese,  Cera- 
titis — i.  Coxae,  Osphyitis — i.  Cystidis  felleas,  Cho- 
lecystitis— i.  Epiglottidis,  Epiglottitis — i.  Erj-si- 
pelatosa,  Erysipelatous  inflammation  —  i.  Fauei- 
um,  Cynanche,  Isthmitis  —  i.  Gastritis,   Gastritis 

—  i.  Genffi,  Gnathitis  —  i.  Genarum,  Melitis  —  i. 
Gingivae,  Ulitis — i.  Glandularum  lymphaticarum, 
Hydradenitis  —  i.  Glandularum  lymphaticarum. 
Lymphadenitis — i.  Glandularum  sublingualium, 
Hypoglossiadenitis  —  i.  Gulae,  CEsophagitis  —  i. 
Hepatis,  Hepatitis  —  i.  Hepatis  lenta.  Hepatitis 
(chronic) — i.  Interna,  Empresma  —  i.  Intestino- 
rum, Enteritis — i.  Iridis,  Iritis — i.  Jecoris,  Hepa- 
titis— i.  Laryngis,  Laryngitis — i.  Lienis,  Splenitis 

—  i.  Ligamentorum,  Syndesmitis  —  i.  Lingua, 
Glossitis — i.  Mediastini,  Mesodmitis — i.  Medullas 
Spinalis,  Myelitis  —  i.  Musculi  psoas.  Psoitis  —  i. 
Musculorum,  Myositis  —  i.  Musculorum  abdomi- 
nalium,  M}^occeliitis  —  i.  Nervorum,  Neuritis — i. 
Oculorum,  Ophthalmia — i.  OEsophagi,  CEsophagi- 
tis— i.  Omenti,  Epiploitis — i.  Ossis,  Ostalgitis — i. 
Ovarii,  Oaritis — i.  Palati,  Hyperoitis — i.  Pancre- 
atis,  Pancreatitis — i.  Parenchymatica,  Parenchy- 
matitis — i.  Parotidum,  Parotitis,  Cynanche  paro- 
tidsea  —  i.  Pectoris  acuta.  Pneumonia  —  i.  Pera- 
cuta,  Hyperphlogosis,  Hyperphlegmasia — i.  Peri- 
cardii, Pericarditis  —  i.  Periostei,  Periostitis  —  i. 
Periostei  orbita?,  Periorbitis  —  i.  Peritonaei,  Peri- 
tonitis—  i.  Pharyngis,  Cynanche  pharyngea  —  i. 
Phrenitis,  Phrenitis  —  i.  Pleurfe,  Pleuritis  —  i. 
Pneumonica,  Pneumonia  —  i.  Pulmonum,  Pneu- 
monia—  i.  Renum,  Nephritis  — i.  Eenum  suc- 
centuriatorum,  Paranephritis — i.  RetinsE,  Dictyi- 
tis.  Retinitis — i.  Sclerotica;,  Sclerotitis — i.  Scroti, 
Oschitis — i.  Septi  transversi,  Diaphragmitis  —  i. 
Sinuum  frontalium,  Metopantritis  —  i.  Stoniaehi, 
Gastritis — i.  Supcrficiei  internse  cordis.  Endocar- 
ditis—  i.  Tola  celhilosae,  Ethmyphytis — i.  Telao 
fibrosae,  Inohymenitis  —  i.  Testiura,  Hernia  hu- 
moralis — i.  Tonsillanmi,  Cynanche  tonsillaris — i. 
Tunica;  hyaloidoa?,  Hyalitis — i.  Tynipani,  Tym- 
panitis—  i.  Urethra',  Gonorrhoea  —  i.  Uteri,  Me- 
tritis— i.  Uteri  catarrhalis,  see  Metritis — i.  Uteri 
et  Peritfinaei,  Metroperitonitis — i.  Uvulas,  Uvuli- 
tis — i.  Yasorum,  Angeitis — i.  Yasorum  lymphati- 


INFLAMMATION 


473 


INFLUENZA' 


jorum,  Angeioleucitis — i.  Ventriculi,  Gastritis — i. 
Ventriculi  et  intestinorum,  Gastro-enteritis  —  i. 
fesiciB,  Cystitis — i.  Vesica  fellese,  Cholecystitis. 
INFLAMMATION,  Inflamma'tio,  from  in, 
'within,'  and  flamma,  'flame,'  'fire;'  PJdeg'mone, 
Phlogo'sis,  Ecphlogo'sis,  E2)iphleg"ia,  Exup'ais, 
Pklegma'sia,  Causo'ma,  Empres'ma,  Phlo'f/ia,  Hij- 
perendosmose  (Dutrochet),  Incen'dium,  HyjyerhcB- 
mato'sis,  HypercB'mia  acti'va,  PMeboplero'sis  ec- 
phrae'tica,{¥.)Aiig{i'te,is  so  called  in  consequence 
of  the  acute  or  burning  pain,  felt  in  a  part  affected 
with  it.  An  irritation  in  a  part  of  the  body  is  oc- 
casioned by  some  stimulus  ; — owing  to  which  the 
blood  flows  into  the  capillary  vessels  in  greater 
abundance  than  natural,  and  those  vessels  become 
over-dilated  and  enfeebled ;  whence  result  pain, 
redness,  heat,  tension,  and  swelling ;  symptoms 
which  appear  in  greater  or  less  severity,  accord- 
ing to  the  structure,  vital  properties,  and  func- 
tions of  the  part  affected,  and  its  connexion  with 
other  parts,  as  well  as  according  to  the  constitu- 
tion of  the  individual.  The  inflammations  of  the 
areolar  and  serous  membranes  greatly  agree ;  — 
and  those  of  the  mucus  and  skin;  the  former 
heing  more  active,  and  constituting  the  jMeg- 
wionoKs  variety ;  —  the  latter,  the  erytliematic  or 
erysipelatous.  Of  this  variety  is  the  diffusive  in- 
Jiammation  produced  by  morbid  poisons  ;  as 
during  dissection,  where  solutions  of  continuity 
exist  on  the  fingers  of  the  operator.  It  is  seen, 
too,  in  workei's  in  bone,  and  lience  has  been  called 
bone  fever.  Preparatory  to  the  turning  of  bones, 
it  is  customary  to  macerate  them  in  water.  The 
fluid  soon  becomes  putrid,  and  if  the  hands  be 
kept  in  it  diflusive  inflammation  results.  Inflam- 
mation may  end  by  resolution,  suppuration,  gan- 
grene, adhesion,  effusion,  or  indui-ation.  Each 
of  the  inflammations  of  internal  organs  has  re- 
ceived a  name  according  to  the  organ  affected ; — 
as,  gastritis,  cephalitis,  enteritis,  hepatitis,  &o. 
Besides  the  above  inflammations,  there  is  consi- 
dered to  be  an  instinctive  kind  established  for  the 
union  of  parts  which  have  been  divided,  whether 
the  union  takes  place  immediately,  or  by  the  aid 
of  an  intermediate  body.  This  is  the  adhesive 
inflammation.  See  Adhesion,  Callus,  Cicatrix. 
Broussais  considered  that  the  term  inflammation 
should  include  every  local  exaltation  of  the  or- 
ganic movements  which  is  sufficiently  great  to 
disturb  the  harmony  of  the  functions,  and  disor- 
ganize the  texture  in  which  it  is  situate.  He 
farther  extended  the  name  inflammation  to  irri- 
tations which  do  not  induce  disorganization  of  the 
textures,  and  which  had  been  previously,  and  are 
still,  called /everg. 

Examination  of  the  blood  drawn  always  exhi- 
bits an  increase  of  the  fibrinous  element  —  the 
average  proportion  of  which,  in  healthy  blood,  is 
about  three  in  the  thousand.  In  inflammation,  it 
at  times  rises  as  high  as  ten.  In  fevers  unaccom- 
panied with  inflammation,  the  proportion  is  natu- 
ral, or  below  the  average ;  but  whenever  inflam- 
mation supervenes,  it  immediately  rises. 

External  inflammation  is  easily  detected  by  the 
characters  already  mentioned  : — internal,  by  dis- 
turbance of  function  and  pain  upon  pressure;  but 
the  last  sign  is  often  not  available.  Both  forms 
require  the  removal  of  all  irritation,  and  the  re- 
duction of  vascular  excitement  and  nervous  irri- 
tability ;  hence,  blood-letting — local  and  general 
—  sedatives,  refrigerants,  and  counter-irritants 
become  valuable  remedies  in  almost  all  cases  of 
inflammation. 

INFLAMMATION  BES  AMYGDALES, 
Cynanche  tonsillaris  —  i.  des  Arteres,  Arteritis  — 
i.  of  the  Bladder,  Cystitis — i.  de  la  Bouche,  Sto- 
matitis—  i.  des  Branches,  Bronchitis — i.  dii  Gm- 
cuiii,  Typhlo-enteritis— i.  of  the  C^cum,  Typhlo- 


enteritis — i.  du  Cerveau  et  du  Cervelet,  Phrenitis 
i.  du  Coeiir,  Carditis  —  i.  du  Colon,  Colitis — i.  d« 
la  Conjonctive,  see  Ophthalmia  —  i.  of  the  Dia- 
phragm, Diaphragmitis — i.  Diflusive,  see  Inflam- 
mation—  i.  Diphtheritic,  Diphtheritis  — i.  of  the 
Ear,  Otitis — i.  de  I'Epiglotte,  Epiglottitis — i.  de 
I'Estomac,  Gastritis — i.  of  the  Eye,  Ophthalmia — 
i.  du  Foie,  Hepatitis — ?'.  des  Gencives,  Ulitis  —  i. 
General,  Synocha — i.  of  the  Internal  Membrane 
of  the  Heart,  Endocarditis — i.  Internal,  Empres- 
ma — i.  des  Intestins,  Enteritis — i.  of  the  Iris,  Iri- 
tis— i.  of  the  Kidnej'-,  Nephritis — i.  de  la  Langue, 
Glossitis — i.  of  the  Larynx,  Laryngitis— i.  of  the 
Liver,  Hepatitis — i.  de  la  Luette,  Uvulitis — i.  of 
the  Lungs,  Pneumonia — i.  of  the  Malpighian  Bo- 
dies, Kidney,  Bright's  disease  of  the — i.  des  Ma- 
melles,  Mastitis — i.  de  la  Matrice,  Metritis — i.  de 
la  Membrane  alveolo-dentaire,  Periodontitis  —  ;". 
de  la  Membrane  sereuse  cephalo-rachidienne.  Me- 
ningitis— i.  of  the  Mesentery,  Mesenteritis — i.  de 
la  Moelle  epiniere  ou  rachidienne.  Myelitis  —  i. 
of  the  Mouth,  pseudo-membranous.  Stomatitis, 
pseudo-membranous — i.  of  the  Mouth,  pultaceous, 
Aphthae  —  i.  des  Muscles,  Myositis — i.  des  Nerfs, 
Neuritis — i.  de  V  CEil,  Ophthalmia — i.  de  V  Oreille, 
Otitis — i.  de  I'Ovaire,  Oaritis — i.  du  Palais,  Hy- 
peroitis — i.  du  Parenchyme  pubnonaire.  Pneumo- 
nia— i.  de  la  Parotide,  Cynanche  parotidsea — i. 
Pellicular,  Diphtheritis  —  i.  du  Pericarde,  Pe- 
ricarditis—  i.  of  the  Pericardium,  Pericardi- 
tis—  i.  du  Peritoine,  Peritonitis  —  i.  of  the  Pe- 
ritonaeum, Peritonitis  —  i.  of  the  Pleura,  Pleu- 
ritis  —  i.  de  la  Plevre,  Pleuritis — i.  des  Poumons, 
Pneumonia — i.  du  Muscle  psoas.  Psoitis — i.  de  la 
Bate,  Splenitis — i.  des  Reins,  Nephritis — i.  Spon- 
goid,  Haematodes  Fungus,  see  also  Encephaloid — 
i.  of  the  Stomach,  Gastritis — i.  de  la  Testicide, 
Hernia  humoralis — i.  of  the  Testicle,  Hernia  hu- 
moralis — i.  des  Tissus  blancs,  Angeioleucitis — i. 
of  the  Tongue,  Glossitis  —  i.  des  Vaisseaux  Lym- 
phatiques,  Angeioleucitis — i.  des  Veines,  Phlebi- 
tis-^i.  de  la  Vesicide  du  Fiel,  Cholecystitis — i.  de 
la  Vessie,  Cystitis — i.  of  the  Womb,  Metritis. 

INFLAMMATIUN'CULA,  Subinflamma'fio. 
A  superficial  and  often  insignificant  inflamma- 
tion of  the  skin,  as  in  many  cutaneous  affections. 

INFLAM'MATORY,/«^am?«aio'rN(«/PA%"- 
icus,  Phlogo'des,  Phlogis'ticus,  Phlogis'tic,  belong- 
ing to  inflammation;  —  as,  inflammatory  tumour, 
inflammatory  fever,  &c.  The  blood  is  said  to  be 
infl.ammatory  when  cupped  or  buflfy. 

INFLATIO,  Emphysema,  Pufiiness,  Colica 
flatulenta — i.  Parotidum,  Cynanche  parotidtea — 
i.  Uteri,  Physometra. 

INFLEX'lO,  Campsis. 

INFLUENCE,  Influenza. 

INFLUENTIA,  Influenza. 

INFI;UENZA.  The  Italian  for  'Influence.' 
Influenza  Europcc' a,  Influen'tia,  Catar'rhus  epi- 
dem'icus,  Fcbris  catarrha'lis  epidem'ica,  Catar'- 
rhus d  eonta'gio,  Rheuma  epidem'icum.  Morbus 
Verveci'nus,  M.  Catarrha'lis,  Syn'ochus  catar- 
rha'lis, Deflux'io  catarrha'lis,  M.  Arie'tis,  Ce- 
phalal'gia  contagio'sa  (epidemics  of  the  16th  and 
17th  centuries) :  (F.)  Tac,  Ladendo,  Quinte,  Flo- 
rion,  Coqueluche,  Baraquette,  Generale,  Grippe, 
Follette,  Grenade,  Coquette,  Cocote,  Petite  Poste, 
Petit  Courier,  Allure,  Fievre  catarrhat.e  epide- 
mique ;  Influence,  Epidemic  catarrh.  A  severe 
form  of  catarrh  occurring  epidemically,  and  ge- 
nerally affecting  a  number  of  persons  in  a  com- 
munity. See  Catarrh,  epidemic.  Gluge,  from 
his  investigations,  considers  that  the  following  L'' 
the  chronological  order  of  the  return  of  the  influ- 
enza:—14th  century,  1323,  1326— 15th  century, 
1410, 1411,  1414— 16th  century,  1510,  1557,  1562, 
1574,  1580,  and  1593  — 17th  century,  1658,  1669, 
1675, 1693— 18th  century,  1708, 1712, 1729, 1732, 


IXFLTJENZOID 


iU 


INFUSUM 


1733, 1742, 1743, 1761, 1762,  and  1775— IQth  cen- 
tury, 1800,  1803,  1831,  and  1833.  To  these  may 
be  added  1837,  and  1843. 

Influenza  Eutsopjea,  Influenza. 

INFLIIEN'ZOID,  InfluenzoVdea.  An  express- 
ive but  hybridous  compound  :  from  influenza,  and 
(i&o?,  'resemblance.'  Resembling  influenza. — Dr. 
T   Thompson. 

INPORMITAS,  Deformation. 

INFORTUNIUM,  Contrafissura. 

INFRA-ATLOID^US,  Sub-atloidfeus. 

INFRA-AXOIDiEUS,  Sub-axoidjeus. 

INFRA-COSTALES,  see  Intercostal  muscles. 

INFRA-MAXILLARIS,  Sub-maxillary. 

INFRAMAXILLOSTERNODYMIA,  "Cepha- 
losomatodymia. 

INFRA-ORBITAR,  Sub-orbitar. 

INFRAPUBIAN  LIGAMENT,  Triangular  li- 
gament. 

INFRA-SCAPULARIS,  Subseapularis. 

INFRA-SPINALIS,  Infra-spinatus. 

INFRA-SPINA'TUS,  Infrasinna'lis,  from  in- 
fra, 'beneath,'  and  spina,  'a  spine.'  Situate 
beneath  the  spine  of  the  scapula  j  —  Infra  Spina- 
na'lis. 

Infra-Spina'ta  Fossa,  (F.)  Fosse  sons-epi- 
iieiise.  A  large  excavation  on  the  posterior  sur- 
fnce  of  the  scapula,  beneath  its  spine.  It  is  filled 
by  the 

Inpra-Spinattjs  Muscle,  Grand  Scapulo-tro- 
cTiiterien,  Superscapula'ris  inferior  (Ch.),  (F.) 
Sous-^pineux,  which  is  broad,  flat,  and  triangular. 
It  is  attached,  by  its  base,  to  the  three  inner 
quarters  of  the  fossa ;  and  is  inserted,  by  a  long 
tendon,  into  the  middle  part  of  the  great  tubero- 
sity of  the  OS  humeri  (Trochiter).  It  turns  the 
arm  outwards,  and,  when  the  arm  is  elevated, 
carries  it  backwards. 
'INFRINGENS,  Corrigent. 

INFUNDIB'ULUM,  (in,  and  fmdere,  'to  pour 
out.')  A  Latin  word  signifying  a  Funnel, — 
Choa'ne,  Chonos,  (F.)  Entonnoir, —  of  which  va- 
rious kinds  are  employed  in  pharmaceutical  ope- 
rations. A  name,  given  to  many  parts  which, 
more  or  less,  resemble  a  funnel.  It  is  particu- 
larly appropriated  to  the  following  organs  : — 

Infundib'ulum  of  the  Brain,  Infundih'uluin 
ECU  Pelvis  seu  Choa'na  seu  Cy'athus  seu  Seyiihus 
seu  Gonelia  seu  Lacu'na  seu  Em'holum  seu  Aqna- 
dnc'tus  seu  Lahrum  seu  Concav'itas  conchula'ris 
seu  Processus  orhicula'ris  Oer'ebri,  (P.)  Enton- 
noir  du  ventricule  moyen  du  cerveau,  Tige  Pitui- 
taire,  Tige  sus-sphenoidale.  A  depression  in  the 
inferior  paries  of  the  middle  ventricle,  above  the 
pituitary  gland.  It  was,  anciently,  regarded  as 
a  canal  by  which  the  fluid  collected  in  the  ven- 
tricles of  the  brain  was  evacuated,  and  poured 
into  the  nasal  fossae. 

Infundib'ulum  Cerebri,  I.  of  the  Brain. 

Infundibulum  of  the  Cochlea,  7.  Coch'lea, 
Scyphus  Vieussen'ii,  S.  audito'rius,  Cucid'lus,  Oa- 
no'lis  Scala'rum  commu'nis.  This,  with  the  mo- 
diolus, forms  the  nucleus  around  which  the  gyri 
of  the  cochlea  pass.  It  is  an  imperfect  funnel, 
the  apex  of  which  is  common  with  that  of  the 
modiolus  ,•  and  the  base  is  covered  with  the  apex 
of  the  cochlea,  termed  Cu'pola. 

In  Surgery,  infundibula  are  used  to  direct 
steam  or  vapours;  to  conduct  the  actual  cautery 
to  certain  morbid  parts,  &c. 

Infundibulum  of  the  Ethmoid  Bone,  or  op 
THE  Nasal  Fossj?.  One  of  the  anterior  cells  of 
that  bone,  which  is  broad  and  expanded  above, 
and  narrow  below  j  opening,  above,  into  the  fron- 
tal sinus ;  bslow,  into  the  anterior  part  of  the 
middle  meatus  of  the  nasal  fossae. 

Infundibulum  op  the  Heart,  Conns  arterio- 
sus— A.  of  the  Kidney,  see  Calix — i.  Lachrymale, 


Lachrymal  Sac — i.  Tubarum  Fallopii,  see  Tube, 
Fallopian — i.  Ventriculi,  (Esophagus. 

INFU'SION,  Infii'sio,  En'cfiysis,  from  infim. 
dere  {in.  and  fun  dere),  'to  pour  in,'  'to  introduce.' 
A  pharmaceutical  operation,  which  consists  in 
pouring  a  hot  or  cold  fluid  upon  a  substance 
whose  medical  virtues  it  is  desired  to  extract. 
Infusion  is,  also,  used  for  the  product  of  this  ope- 
ration. In  Surgery,  infusion —  CJiirur'yia  infu- 
so'ria,  Ars  clysma'tica  nova  —  is  the  act  of  intro- 
ducing into  the  veins  medicinal  substances,  by  aid 
of  an  instrument  called  Infusor.  This  mode  of  in- 
troducing medicines  was  called  Ars  infuso'ria. 

Infusion  of  Angustura,  Infusum  Cusparise 
—  i.  of  Bark,  Infusum  cinchona} — i.  of  Buchu, 
Infusum  Diosma  —  i.  of  Calumba,  Infusum  ea- 
lumba3  —  i.  of  Cascarilla,  Infusum  cascarillse  — 
i.  of  Catechu,  Infusum  catechu  compositum  —  L 
of  Cayenne  pepper,  Infusum  capsici  —  i.  of  Cha- 
momile, Infusum  anthemidis  —  i.  of  Cinchona, 
Infusum  cinchonje — i.  of  Cloves,  Infusum  caryo- 
phyllorum  —  i.  of  Cusparia,  Infusum  cuspariaj  — 
i.  of  Dandelion,  Infusum  Taraxaci  —  i.  of  Fox- 
glove, Infusum  digitalis — i.  of  Gentian,  compound, 
Infusum  gentianse  compositum — i.  of  Ginger,  In- 
fusum Zingiberis  —  i.  of  Hops,  Infusum  humuli 
— i.  of  Horseradish,  compound,  Infusum  avmora- 
ei£e  compositum  —  i.  of  Binseed,  Infusum  lini 
compositum  —  i.  of  Mint,  compound,  Infusum 
menthse  compositum  —  i.  of  Orange-peel,  com- 
pound, Infusum  aurantii  compositum — i.  of  Pink- 
root,  Infusum  spigeliiB  —  i.  of  Quassia,  Infusum 
quassise — i.  of  Rhatany,  Infusum  Krameria — L 
of  Rhubarb,  Infusum  rhei  —  i.  of  the  Rose,  Infu- 
sum rosa!  compositum  —  i.  of  Sarsaparilla,  Infu- 
sum sarsaparillEe  —  i.  of  Sassafras  pith,  Infusum 
sassafras  medullee  —  i.  of  Senna,  Infusum  sennse 
compositum — i.  of  Simarouba,  Infusum  simarou- 
bse  —  i.  of  Slippery  elm,  Infusum  ulmi  —  i.  of 
Thoroughwort,  Infusum  eupatorii — i.  of  Tobacco, 
Infusum  tabaci — i.  of  Valerian,  Infusum  Valeria- 
nae— i.  of  Virginia  snakeroot,  Infusum  serpenta- 
rise  —  i.  of  Wild  cherry,  Infusum  pruni  Virgi- 
nian ae. 

INFUSOIR  (F.),  same  etymon.  An  instru- 
ment for  injecting  medicinal  substances  into  the 
veins.  It  was  a  kind  of  funnel,  the  elongated 
apex  of  which  was  stopped  by  a  metallic  rod, 
which  could  be  withdrawn  when  the  apex  was 
introduced  into  a  vein. 

INFU'SUM,  En'chyma.  The  product  of  an 
infusion. 

Infusum  Acacia  Catechu,  I.  catechu  compo- 
situm —  i.  Amarum  vinosum,  Vinum  gentianse 
compositum — i.  of  Angustura,  I.  cusparife. 

Infusum  Anthem'idis,  Hydrochamaime'lum, 
Infusion  of  Oham'omile.  (AntJiemid.  for.  ^ss; 
aq.  buUient.  Oj.  Macerate  for  ten  minutes  in  a 
covered  vessel,  and  strain. — Ph.  L.)  Dose,  f^j 
to  f^iss. 

Infusum  ARMonA'ciiE  Compos'itum,  Infusum 
ArmoracicB  (Ph.  U.  S.),  Gompjonnd  infusion  of 
Horseradish.  (Armorac.  rad.  concis.,  sinopis  eont. 
sing,  ^^j  ;  aqucB  hnUient.  Oj.  Macerate  for  two 
hours,  and  strain.)     Dose,  f^j  to  f§iij. 

Infusum  Auran'tu  Compos'itum,  Conipound 
Infusion  of  Orange  Peel.  {Aurant.  cort.  sice,  ^ijj 
Union,  cort.  recent,  ^j  ;  caryoph.  cont.  ^^s;  aq. 
fervent.  Oss.  Macerate  for  fifteen  minutes,  and 
strain. — Ph.  L.)     Dose,  f§iss  to  f^ij. 

Infusum  Brash,  Wort  —  i.  Buchu,  Infusum 
Diosmaj — i.  Bynes,  Wort. 

Infusum  Calum'b^,  I.  Calom'tce,  I.  ColomhcB, 
Infusion  of  Cohtmba.  {Cahimb.  rad.  concis.  ^ss; 
aq.  fervent.  Oj.  Macerate  for  two  hours,  and 
strain.— Ph.  U.  S.)     Dose,  f3iss  to  fgiij. 

Infusum  Caf'sici,  Infusion  of  Cayenne  Pepper. 
(Capsic.  in  pulv.   crass,  ^ss;    aq.   bidlicnt.   Oj, 


INFUSUM 


475 


INFUSUM 


Macerate  for  two  hours,  and  strain. — Ph.  U.  S.) 
Dose,  f3iss. 

IsFusujf  Caryophyl'li,  Infusion  of  Cloves. 
{Garyoph.  coutus.  ^ij  J  '^1-  iullient.  Oj.  Mace- 
rate for  tATO  hours,  and  strain.)     Dose,  f^iss  to 

Infusum  Cascarit/l^,  Infusion  of  Cascarilla. 
(CascartU.  coutus.  ^j  j  aq.  bullient.  Oj.  Mace- 
rate for  two  hours,  and  strain.)     Dose,  f^iss  to 

m- 

Infusum  Cassias  Senn^,  I.  sennse  compositum. 

Infusum  Cat'echu  Compos'itum,  Infusum  Ca- 
techu, I.  Acu'eicB  Catechu,  Infusion  of  Catechu. 
{Catechu,  in  pulv.  5ss;  cinnam.  cont.  3J  i  f**?- 
hnlUent.  Oj.  Macerate  for  an  hour,  and  strain.) 
Dose,  fgiss  to  f§ij. 

Infusum  Cincho'NjE,  /.  Cinchona  lancifo'licB, 
Infusion  of  Cinchona.  [Cinch,  contus.  ^ J  j  o?- 
fervent.  Oj.  Macerate  for  two  hours,  and  strain.) 
This  infusion  may  also  be  made  from  the  same 
quantity  of  bark  in  coarse  powder  by  the  process 
of  displacement  with  hot  or  cold  water.  Dose, 
f^j  to  f  Jiij.  The  Pharmacopoeia  of  the  United 
States  has  an  Infn'sum  Cincho'na  flavm.  Infu- 
sion of  yellow  bark,  and  an  Infusum  Cinchona 
ruhrcB,  Infusion  of  red  hark,  which  are  prepared 
in  the  same  manner.  It  has  also  an  Infu'sum 
Cincho'ncB  Oom]msitxmi,V!h\c,h.  is  made  as  follows: 
(Cinchon.  rubr.  in  jjulv.  3J  j  Acid.  Suljih.  aromat. 
f,5J  ;  aqum,  Oj.  Macerate  for  twelve  hours,  oc- 
casionally shaking,  and  strain.)  Dose,  same  as 
the  last. 

Infusum  Cinchona  Compositum,  see  Infusum 
Cinchon£e. 

Infusum  CiNCHONiE  Flat^,  see  Infusum  Cin- 
chonte. 

Infusum  CoLOMBiE,  I.  calumbte. 

Infusum  Cuspa'eiyE,  /.  Angustu'rce,  Infusion 
of  Cuspa'ria.  {Caspar,  cort.  contus.  gss;  aq. 
bullient.  Oj.  Macerate  for  two  hours,  and  strain.) 
Dose,  fgj  to  fgiij. 

Infusum  Digita'lis,  /.  Digitalis  purpu'recp,, 
Infusion  of  Foxglove.  {Digital.^];  aq.  bullient. 
Oss :  tinct.  cinnamomi,  f^j.  Macerate,  and  add 
sp.  cinnam.  f'§j.)     Dose,  f^j. 

Infusum  Dios'M.iE,  Ph.  IT.  S.,  1842,  Infusum 
Buchu,  Ph.  U.  S.,  1851,  Infusion  of  Buchu.  {Di- 
osm.  §j  ;  aq.  bullient.  Oj.  Macerate  for  four  hours 
in  a  covered  vessel,  and  strain. — Ph. U.S.)  Dose, 
fgjss. 

Infusum  Eupato'rii,  Infusion  of  Thorough- 
vjort.  {Eupator.  ^j  ;  aq.  bidlient,  Oj.  Macerate 
for  two  hours,  and  strain. — Ph.  U.  S.)  Dose,  f^ij. 

Infusum  Gentia'n^  Compos'itum,  Comp)ound 
Infusion  of  Gentian.  {Gentian,  cont.  ^ss;  Au- 
rant.  cort.,  Coriandr.  contus.  aa^j  ;  alcohol,  dilut. 
f^iv;  aqum,  f3xij.  First  pour  on  the  aeohol, 
and  three  hours  afterwards,  the  water ;  then  ma- 
cerate for  twelve  hours,  and  strain. — Ph.  U.  S.) 
Dose,  fgj  to  fgij. 

Marsden's  Antiscorhu'tic  Drops,  an  empirical 
preparation,  consist  of  a  solution  of  corrosive  sub- 
limate in  an  infusion  of  gentian. 

Infu'sum  Hu'muli,  Infusion  of  Hops.  {Hu- 
mul.  ^ss;  aq.  bullient,  Oj.  Macerate  for  two 
Lours,  and  strain. — Ph.  U.  S.}    Dose,  f^iss  to 

Infu'sum  Krame'ri^,  Infusion  of  Ehat'any. 
{Kramer,  contus.  ^j ;  aq.  bullient,  Oj.  Mace- 
rate for  four  hours,  and  strain. — Ph.  U.  S.)  Dose, 
fgiss. 

Infusum  Lini,  I.  L.  compositum. 

Infusum  Lini  Compos'itum  (Ph.  U.  S.,  1851), 
/.  Lini  (Ph.  U.  S.,  1842),  /.  Lini  usitatii' simi. 
Infusion  of  Linseed,  Flaxseed  Tea.  {Lini  sem. 
cont.  §ss ;  glycyrrh.  rad.  cont.  gij  ]  aqua  bullient. 
Oj.  Macerate  for  four  hours,  and  strain.)  Dose, 
a  teacupful,  ad  I'bitum. 


Infusum  Malti,  Wort. 

Infusum  Mentha  Compos'itum,  Compound 
Infusion  of  Mint.  {Fol.  menth.  sat.  sice,  gij ; 
aq.  fervent,  q.  s.  ut.  colentur.  f^vj.  IMacerate 
for  half  an  hour ;  and,  when  cold,  strain  :  then 
add  —  sacch.  alb.  ^ly,  ol.  menth.  sat.  gtt.  iij,  dis- 
solved in  tinct.  card.  c.  f^ss. — Ph.  D.)  Dose, 
fSJ  to  fgiij. 

Infusum  Picis  Empyreumatic^  Liquids,  see 
Pinus  sylvestris  —  i.  Picis  liquidum,  see  Pinus 
sylvestris. 

Infusum  Pruni  Virginia'n^,  Infusion  of  Wild 
Cherry  Bark.  {Prun.  Virginian,  cont.  §ss; 
aqua,  Oj.  Macerate  for  two  hours,  and  strain. — 
Ph.  U.  S.) 

Infusum  Quassi.e,  /.  Qiiassia  excel'sa,  Infu- 
sion of  Quassia.  {Quassia  lign.  cone,  gij  ;  aq. 
Oj.     Macerate  for  two  hours,  and  strain.)     Dose, 

f^j  to  f^i^- 

Infusum  Rhei,  Ati'ima  Rhei,  Infusion  of  BJiu- 
barb.  {Bhei,  cont.  ^j  ;  aq.ferv.  Oss.  M.acerate- 
for  two  hours,  and  strain.)     Dose,  f^j  to  f^iv. 

Infusum  RoSjE  Compos'itum,  /.  Bosa  Gal'lica^ 
Infusion  of  the  Eose.  {Eos.  Gallic,  ^iv ;  aq.  hul- 
lieut.  Oiiss;  acid,  sidph.  d.  f^iij  ;  sacch.  pnrif. 
^iss.  Add  the  water,  and  afterwards  the  acid; — 
macerate  for  half  an  hour;  strain,  and  add  the 
sugar.)     Dose,  f  giss  to  Oss. 

Infusum  Sarsaparil'l^,  Infusion  of  Sarsa- 
pariUa.  {Sarsaparill.  contus.  ^j  >  aqna  bullient. 
Oj.  Digest  for  two  hours  in  a  covered  vesse', 
and  strain. — Ph.  U.  S.)  It  may  iil^o  be  prepared 
by  displacement.     Dose,  f5ij  to  f§iv. 

Infusum  Sassafras,  Infusion  of  Sassafras 
Pith,  Mu'cilage  of  Sassafras  Pith.  {Sassafras 
medull.  3J  ;  aqua,  Oj.  Macerate  for  three  hours, 
and  strain.)  An  emollient  collyrium;  and  de- 
mulcent drink. 

Infusum  SenNjE,  I.  S.  Compos'itum,  I.  Cassia 
Senna,  I.  Senna  simplex.  Infusion  of  Senna-. 
{Senna,  §j  ;  coriandr.  cont.  gjj  "?•  bullient.  Oj. 
Macerate  for  an  hour,  and  strain.)  Dose,  f^j 
to  fgiv. 

The  Black  Draught,  Black  Dose,  Haustus  ni- 
ger,  is  usually  formed  of  this  infusion.  It  may 
be  made  of  infus.  senna,  i§y',  aq.  cinnam.  f ^ j ; 
manna,  ^iy,  niagnes.  sulph.  ^vj.  Dose,  a  wine^ 
glassful. 

Selway's  Prepared  Essence  of  Senna  is  a  con- 
centrated infusion  of  the  leaves  in  combinatioH 
with  an  alkali. 

Infusum  SenNjE  Compositum,  I.  sennse. 

Infusum  Serpenta'rIjE,  Infusion  of  Virginia 
Snakeroot.  {Serpentar.  ^ss;  aq.  bullient.  Oj. 
Macerate  for  two  hours,  and  strain.— Ph.  U.  S.) 
Dose,  f^iss. 

Infusum  Simarou'b^,  Infusion  of  Simaronhct. 
{Simaroub.  cort.  cont.  ^ss  ;  aq.  fervent.  Oss.  Ma- 
cerate for  two  hours,  and  strain. — Ph.  L.)    Dose, 

Infu'sum  Spige'li.e,  Infusion  of  Pinkroot. 
{Spigel.  ^ss;  aq.  bullient.  Oj.  Macerate  for  two 
hours,  and  strain. — Ph.  U.  S.)     Dose,  fgiv  to  Oss, 

Infusum  Tab'aci,  Infusion  of  Tobacco.  {To,, 
bad  fol.  3J  ;  aq.  ferv.  Oj.  Macerate  for  an  hour 
and  strain. —  Ph.  U.  S.) 

Infusum  Tarax'aci,  Infusion  of  Dandelion. 
{Taraxac.  contus.  §ij  j  aq.  bullient.  Oj.  Mace» 
rate  for  two  hours,  and  strain. —  Ph.  U.  S.)  Dose, 
f^iss,  as  a  diuretic,  &c. 

Infusum  Ulmi,  Infusion  of  Shp'pe^-y  Elm, 
Slippery  Elm  Tea.  This  preparation,  in  the 
Pharmacopoeia  of  the  United  States,  is  made  by 
infusing  one  ounce  of  slippery  elm  bark  in  a  pint 
of  boiling  water. 

Infusum  Valeria'nj5,  Infusion  of  Vale'rian, 
{Ead.valerian.  in  crass,  pulv.  ^ssj  aq. buHient.  Oj- 


INGENIUM 


476 


INJECTION 


Macerate  for  an  Lour,  and  strain. — Ph.  D.  and 
U.  S.)     Dose,  giss  to  gij. 

Inpusum  Zingib'eris,  Infusion  of  Ginger,  Gin- 
ff'.f  Tea.  {Zinrjih,  contus.  §ss;  aq.  hullient.  Oj. 
Macerate  for  two  hours,  and  strain. —  Ph.  U.  S.) 
Dose,  f^iss,  as  a  carminative. 

INGE'NIUM  {Morhi).  The  genius  of  a  dis- 
ease. This  Tvord  is  employed,  especially  by  the 
French,  synonymously  with  nature.  They  speak, 
for  instance,  of  Genie  inflammatoire,  hilierix,  &c. 
Some,  also,  use  genie  in  the  place  of  type  of  an 
intermittent. 

INGrES'TA,  from  in,  and  gerere,  gestitm,  'to 
bear  or  carry  into.'  Substances,  introduced  into 
the  body  by  the  digestive  passages ;  as  food,  con- 
diments, di-inks,  (fee. 

INGrLU'VIES,  Aples'tia,  Victus  intemperan'- 
tia  :  —  Gluttony,  Insatiableness  ;  also,  the  Crop 
or  Craw  of  Birds,  {F.)Jal)0t;  and  the  first  stomach 
or  paunch  of  ruminant  animals — P en' ula, Rumen, 
Venter  maqnus.     Also,  the  Pharvnx. 

IXGRAS'SIAS,  APOPH'YSES  OF.  The 
lesser  alas  of  the  sphenoid  bone. 

INGRAVIDATIO,  Fecundation,  Pregnancy. 

INGRAVIDATION,  Fecundation,  Pregnancy. 

INGRESSUS  SUPERIOR,  Cardia. 

IXGJEN",  Buhon,  Bubo,  'the  groin.'  ^dos'- 
on,  oLootov,  He'jJatis  emuneto'rin,  (F.)  Aine.  The 
oblique  fold  or  depression  which  separates  the  ab- 
domen from  the  thigh.  It  is  only,  properly  speak- 
ing, a  line  that  extends  from  the  anterior  and  su- 
perior spinous  process  of  the  ilium  to  the  middle 
part  of  the  horizontal  ramus  of  the  pubis.  Also, 
the  genital  organs. 

IN'GUIXAL,  Inguina'lia,  from  inguen,  'the 
groin.'  Belonging  or  relating  to  the  groin.  This 
epithet  has  been  given  to  various  parts  met  with 
in  the  region  of  the  groin  or  inguinal  region. 

Inguinal  Artery  is  that  portion  of  the  femoral 
artery  situate  immediately  beneath  the  crural 
arch  in  the  inguinal  region. 

Inguinal  Canal  is  a  canal,  about  two  inches 
in  length,  proceeding  obliquely  downwards,  in- 
wards and  forwards  at  the  lower  part  of  the  ab- 
domen ;  through  which  passes  the  spermatic  cord, 
in  men,  and  the  round  ligament  of  the  uterus  in 
women.  This  canal  is  formed,  inferiorly  and  an- 
teriorly, by  the  aponeurosis  of  the  greater  oblique 
muscle ;  posteriorly  by  the  fascia  transversalis, 
which  is  joined  to  the  preceding  aponeurosis,  and 
forms  with  it  a  deep  channel,  into  which  are  re- 
ceived the  lesser  oblique  and  transversalis  mus- 
cles. The  inguinal  canal  has  two  apertures ;  the 
one,  the  lower  and  inner,  is  called  the  inguinal  or 
abdominal  ring.  It  is  bounded  by  two  strong  ten- 
dinous pillars,  which  fix  it — the  innermost  to  the 
symphysis,  the  outermost  to  the  spine  of  the  pu- 
bis. The  upper  and  outer  aperture  is  formed  by 
the  fascia  transversalis.  From  the  edge  of  this 
aperture  arises  a  membranous  funnel,  —  a  pro- 
longation of  the  fascia  transversalis,  —  which  re- 
ceives the  spermatic  vessels  ;  forms  their  proper 
sheath,  and  accompanies  them  as  far  as  the  tes- 
ticle. On  its  inside  lies  the  epigastric  artery. 
Above  it,  is  the  lower  edge  of  the  transversalis 
muscle  :  and,  below,  it  is  bounded  by  the  channel 
of  the  greater  oblique.  By  following  the  oblique 
direction  of  this  canal,  and  passing,  consequently, 
on  the  outside  of  the  epigastric  artery,  the  viscera 
are  displaced,  so  as  to  constitute  internal  inguinal 
hernia. 

In'cuinal  RE'GiOjr,  Re'gio  {nguina'lis,  Bubo, 
Inguen.     The  region  of  the  groin. 

Inguinal  Ring,  Abdom'inal  Ring,  An'nuhts 
ahaom'inis,  (F.)  Anneau  Inguinal,  is  the  inferior 
aperture  of  ine  inguinal  canal. 

IN'GUINO-CUTA'NEUS.  A  name  given  by 
Professor  Cbaussier  to  the  midui«  ramus  of  the 


anterior  branch  of  the  first  lumbar  nerve;  be- 
cause it  sends  its  numerous  filaments  to  the  groin, 
scrotum,  and  to  the  skin  of  the  superior  part  of 
the  thigh. 

INH^RENS,  Inherent. 

INHALATIO,  Absorption,  Inhalation  —  i.  Cu- 
tis, see  Absorption. 

INHALA'TION,  Inhala'tio  ;  from  in  and  ^n- 
lare,  'to  breathe.'  The  act  of  drawing  air  or  va- 
pour into  the  lungs  —  Inhala'tio  j9H?»iOHa7(«. 
Also,  absorption. 

INHA'LER.  Same  etymon.  An  apparatus 
for  inhalation,  lludge's  Inhaler  is  an  apparatus 
for  inhaling  the  steam  of  hot  water,  in  aft'ections 
of  the  air-passages.  It  consists  of  a  pewter  tank- 
ard provided  with  a  lid,  into  which  a  flexible  tube 
is  inserted.    Through  this,  the  vapour  is  inhaled. 

INHE'RENT,  Inhcerens,  {in,  and  harens.) 
That  which  adheres,  or  which  is  joined  or  united 
to  any  thing. 

Inherent  Cautert,  (F.)  Cautere  inherent,  is 
the  actual  cautery,  left  in  contact  with  a  part 
until  it  is  reduced  to  the  state  of  a  deep  eschar. 

INHUMA'TION,  Inhuma'tio,  from  inhumo,  (in, 
and  humus,)  'I  put  into  the  ground.'  Inhuma'tio. 
The  sepulture  of  the  dead.  This  belongs  to  the 
subject  of  medical  police. 

INIAD,  see  Inial. 

IN'IAL,  from  iviov,  the  ridge  of  the  occiput. 
An  epithet,  proposed  by  Dr.  Barclay,  for  an  as- 
pect towards  the  plane  of  the  ridge  of  the  occi- 
put. Iniad  is  employed  by  him  adverbially  to 
signify  '  towards  the  inial  aspect.' 

INIODYMUS,  Diprosopus. 

INION,  iviov.  Some  of  the  Greek  physicians 
give  this  name  to  the  occiput,  or  the  ridge  of  the 
occiput;  others  to  the  back  part  of  the  neck,  and 
the  muscles  of  the  occiput.  Blanchard  says  it  is 
the  commencement  of  the  spinal  marrow. 

INI'TIS,  Inohymeni' tis,  from  is,  gen.  ivo;,  '  a 
fibre,'  and  itis,  a  suffix  denoting  inflammation. 
Fibrous  inflammation. 

liSflTIUM,  Arche  —  i.  Asperse  arterige,  Larynx 
—  i.  Extuberans  Coli,  Csecum. 

INIUM,  iviov.  The  nucha.  Also,  the  muscles 
at  the  back  of  the  neck.     See  Inion. 

INJACULA'TIO.  A  term  employed  by  Yan 
Helmont  to  designate  an  acute  pain  of  the  sto- 
mach, with  rigidity  and  immobility  of  the  body. 

INJECT'ED,  Injec'tus,  from  injieere,  (in,  and 
jacere,  '  to  throw  into.'  The  face  and  other  parts 
are  said  to  be  injected,  when  the  accumulation  of 
blood  in  the  capillary  vessels  gives  them  an  evi- 
dent red  colour.  A  subject  or  part  of  a  subject, 
is  also  said  to  be  injected,  when  its  vessels  havo 
been  filled,  by  the  anatomist,  with  an  appropriate 
composition. 

INJECTION,  Injec'tio,  Eis'bole  :  same  ety- 
mon. The  act  of  introducing,  by  means  of  a  sy- 
ringe or  other  instrument,  a  liquid  into  a  cavity 
of  the  body.  The  liquid  injected  is  also  called  an 
injection.  Anatomists  use  injections  —  Injectio'- 
nes  anatom'iccE  —  for  filling  the  cavities  of  ves- 
sels, in  order  that  they  may  be  rendered  more 
apparent,  and  their  dissection  be  facilitated.  For 
this  purpose,  they  employ  syringes  of  difi"ereut 
dimensions,  and  various  materials.  The  most 
common  injections  are  made  of  soot,  wax.  and 
turpentine,  coloured  with  lamp-black,  vermilion, 
&c.  There  are  three  kinds  chiefly  used  by  ana- 
tomists,—  the  coarse,  the  _^)ie,  and  the  minute. 
The  following  are  formula  for  each. 
Coarse  Injection. 
No.  1. 

Pure  yellow  wax,  oz.  xvj. 

Bleached  rosin,  oz.  viij. 

Turpentine  varnish,  by  measure,  oz.  yj,  ' 


INJECTION 


477 


INNOMINATUM 


No.  2. 
Yellow  rosin,  lb.  ij. 
Yelloio  xoax,  lb.  j. 

Turpentine   varnish,    a   sufficient   quantity  to 
make  the  mixture  flexible  when  cold. 
No.  3.       - 
Tallow,  lb.  ij. 
White  wax,  oz.  X. 
Gotnmon  oil,  oz.  vj. 
Yeniee  turpentine,  oz.  iv. 
Mix  and  liquefy  over  a  slow  fire  or  over  boiling 

water. 
To  make  any  of  these  mixtures. 
Red  —  add  vermilion,  oz.  iij. 
Yellow  —  King's  yelloio,  oz.  iiss. 
White  —  best  flake  white,  oz.  vss. 
T,  ,    ,,  f  best  flake  white,  oz.  iiiss. 

Jr-ale-blue     j^^^  ^^^^^  ^^^^^^^  ^,2.  iiiss. 

Dark-blue  —  blue  verditer,  oz.  xss. 
Black —  lamp-black,  oz.  j. 

C  powdered  verdigris,  oz.  ivss. 
Green  i  best  flake  white,  oz.  iss. 

[^powdered  gamboge,  oz.  j. 

Fine  Injection. 

Broion  spirit  varnish,  oz.  iv. 
White  spirit  varnish,  oz.  iv. 
Turpentine  varnish,  oz.  j. 

To  make  this  mixture, 

Red —  add  vermilion,  oz.  j. 

Yellow  —  King's  yellow,  oz.  jj. 

White  —  best  flake  white,  oz.  ij. 

T  •  1  i  1 1        f  fine  blue  smalt,  oz.  iss. 
Light-blue  Y^^^^  j^^j^^  ^^y^^^  ^^_  jl 

Dark-blue  —  blue  verditer,  oz.  iv. 
Black  —  lamjD-black,  oz.  ss. 

Minute  Injection. 

Take  of  transparent  size,  broken  to  pieces,  or 
Isinglass,  oz.  viij. 
Water,  lb.  iss.     Dissolve. 

To  make  this  mixture. 

Red  —  add  vermilion,  oz.  v. 
Yellow  —  King's  yelloio,  oz.  iv. 
White  —  best  flake  white,  oz.  v. 
Blue — fine  blue  smalt,  oz.  viij. 

C powdered  verdigris,  oz.  iij. 
Green  <  best  flake  white,  dr.  ij. 

{^powdered  gamboge,  dr.  j. 
Black  —  lamp-blaek,  oz.  j. 
Beautiful  injections  are  made  with  ether   as 
the  menstruum. 

Cold  Injection. 
White  lead  and  red  lead,  each,  oz.  iv;  linseed 
oil,  enough  to  form  a  thick  paste  when  they 
are  rubbed  well  together.    Liquefy  this  paste 
with  turpentine  varnish,  oz.  viij. 
The  advantage  of  this  mixture  is,  that  the  sub- 
ject need  not  be  heated. 

In  order  to  inject  the  arteries,  the  injection 
must  be  forced  from  the  great  trunks  towards 
their  ultimate  ramifications.  To  inject  the  veins, 
on  the  contrary,  it  is  indispensable,  on  account  of 
their  valves,  to  send  the  injection  from  the  smaller 
divisions  towards  the  greater.  The  lymphatics 
are  usually  injected  with  mercury.  The  practi- 
tioner injects,  by  forcing  with  a  syringe,  liquids, 
such  as  emollient,  narcotic,  stimulant,  and  other 
decoctions  or  infusions,  into  different  hollow  or- 
gans, as  the  rectum,  vagina,  nasal  fossse,  urethra, 
tunica  vaginalis,  auditory  canal,  &c.,  to  fulfil  va- 
rious therapeutical  indications. 

The  following  injection  has  been  strongly  re- 
commended by  Dr.  Horner  to  preserve  the  dead 
body. 


Take  of  Liverpool  St.  Uhes, 

or  Turk's  Island  Salt,       oz.  36  avoird. 
Nitrate  of  potassa,  "    19 

Carbonate  of  soda,  "      8 

3Iola8ses  [Sugar-house,)     "     4  by  meas. 
Water,  six  pints. 

The  saline  constituents  to  be  dissolved  first  of 
all  in  boiling  hot  water ;  the  molasses  to  be  after- 
wards stirred  in  :  the  starch  to  be  mixed  well  with 
half  a  pint  of  cold  water,  and  then  to  be  stirred 
in  with  the  other  articles.  As  soon  as  it  begins 
to  boil,  the  whole  mass  swells  up,  when  it  must 
be  removed  from  the  fire.  On  the  proper  reduc- 
tion of  temperature  it  is  fit  for  use. 

Injection,  Matthews's,  see  Tinctura  cantha- 
ridis. 

Injectiones  AnatomicjE,  see  Injection. 
INK,  Atramentum. 
IN-KNEED,  Entogonyankon. 
IN'NATE,  from  in,  and  natus,  '  born.'  Inborn. 
Innate  Diseases,  Ilorhi  conna'ti,  31.  congen'- 
iti,  (F.)  Maladies  innees.     Diseases  with  which 
the  infant  is  born.     They  are  not  always  heredi- 
tary, as  hereditary  diseases  are  not  always  innate. 
INNERLEITHEN,  MINERAL  WATERS 
OF.     These  springs,  situate  near  the  Tweed,  and 
supposed  to  be  the  scene  of  "  St.  Ronan's  Well," 
contain  chlorides  of  sodium  and  calcium,  and  car- 
bonate of  magnesia. 

INNERVA'TION,  Innerva'tio,  from  in,  'in,' 
and  nermis,  'a  nerve.'  By  this  term  is  meant  — 
the  nervous  influence,  necessary  for  the  mainten- 
ance of  life  and  the  functions  of  the  various  or- 
gans;—  an  influence  of  whose  character  and 
source  we  are  ignorant.  It  seems  to  resemble 
the  galvanic  or  electric  agencies.     See  Nerves. 

INNOMINA'TUM,  Anon'ymum,  from  in,  priv. 
and  nomen,  'a  name.'  {"E.)  Anonyme.  Having 
no  name. 

Innomina'tA  Arte'eia,  Brachio-cephal'ic  ar- 
tery, A.  brachio-cephalique  (Ch.), — Arte'ria  anon'- 
yma,  Eight  Subclavian,  (F.)  Artere  innoniinee,  is 
the  trunk  common  to  the  right  primitive  carotid 
and  to  the  subclavian.  It  arises  from  the  ante- 
rior part  of  the  arch  of  the  aorta,  ascends  obliquely 
to  the  right,  along  the  trachea ;  and,  after  a  course 
of  about  an  inch  in  length,  divides  into  two  trunks, 
which  go  off  at  right  angles.  The  one  is  exter- 
nal—  the  right  subclavian  proper  ;  the  other  su- 
perior—  the  primitive  carotid,  of  the  same  side. 
Innominata  Caetilago,  Cricoid. 
Innominata  Cav'itas.  a  cavity  of  the  outer 
ear,  between  the  helix  and  anthclix. 

Innominatum  Foea'men.    a  foramen,  near  the 
middle  of  the  anterior  surface  of  the  pars  petrosa 
of  the  temporal  bone,  leading  backwards  for  the 
passage  of  the  Vidian  nerve,  reflected  from  the  2d 
branch  of  the  5th  to  the  portio  dura  of  the  7th  pair. 
Innominata  Fossa,  see  Fossa. 
Innominata  Linea,  see  Ilio-pectinea  Linea. 
Innominati  vel  Anonymi  Neevi.     Some  ana- 
tomists have  thus  called  the  nerves  of  the  fifth 
pair. 

Innominatum  Os,  Os  Coxen'dicis,  Os  Coxa,  Os 
anon'ymum,  Os  pelvis  latera'le,  (F.)  Os  innomiiie, 
Os  Coxal,  Os  anonyme,  &c.  A  very  large,  flat 
bone,  which  forms  the  anterior  and  lateral  paries 
of  the  pelvis.  It  is  curved  upon  itself  in  two  op- 
posite directions.  In  the  first  periods  of  life,  it 
is  composed  of  three  portions;  —  the  ilium, ischi- 
um, and  pubis,  which  join  each  other  in  the  ace- 
tabulum. It  is  articulated  before  with  its  fellow, 
—  behind,  with  the  sacrum ;  and  laterally  witli 
the  femur. 

Innominata  Mino'ea  Ossa,  —  Lesser  Ossa  in. 
nominata,  Ossic'ula  innomina'ta.  Some  anato- 
mists have  given  this  name  to  the  three  cuneiforia 
bones  of  the  tarsus. 


INNOMINATUS 


478 


INSOMNIA 


IiTNOMiNATA  OssicuLA,  Iiinominata  minora 
ossa — i.  Tunica  Oeuli,  Sclerotic. 

IXNOMISATJE  VeX.E  OF  ViEUSSENS.      VieuSSCDS 

has  given  tliis  name  to  two  or  three  veins,  which 
arise  on  the  anterior  surface  and  right  margin  of 
the  heart,  and  open  into  the  auricle  towards  its 
right  margin.  The  term  Ven^  iNNOMiNATiE  of 
Meckel  is  given  to  the  hrachiocephaiic  veins, 
which  are  generally  included  in  the  description 
of  the  subclavian  vein,  and  correspond  to  the 
arteriee  innominatee,  beins  formed  by  the  union 
of  the  internal  jugular  vein  and  the  subclavian 
properly  so  called,  which  correspond  to  the  com- 
mon carotid  and  subclavian  arteries, 

INNOMINATUS,  Anonymous. 

IXNUTSITIO  OSSIUM,  Rachitis. 

IXOCULA'TION,  Inocida'tio,  Insit"io, InsW'io 
variola' rum,  from  inocnlare,  (in,  and  ocuhis,  'an 
eye,')  '  to  ingraft.'  Any  operation  by  which 
small-pox,  for  example,  may  be  artificially  com- 
municated, by  introducing  the  virus  of  the  parti- 
cular disease  into  the  economy,  by  means  of  a 
puncture  or  scratch  made  in  the  skin.  When  the 
word  inoculation  is  used  alone,  it  usually  means 
that  for  the  small-pox, —  Variola' tion. 

IxocuLATiox,  Cowpos,  Vaccination — i.  Jenne- 
'fian.  Vaccination. 

Ilv'OC'ULATOR,  Same  etymon.  In'aitor.  One 
who  practises  inoculation. 

INODULAR  TISSUE,  see  Tissue,  modular. 

INQDULE,  Tissue,  inodular. 

INOHYLOMA,  Tumor,  fibrous. 

INOHTMEXI'TIS :  from  ig,  gen.  ivog,  'a  fibre;' 
'vfiriv,  '  a  membrane,'  and  itis,  denoting  inflam- 
mation. Inflarnma'tio  telcB  fihro'ecB.  Inflamma- 
tion of  the  fibrous  tissue. 

INOPOLYPUS,  see  Polypus. 

INORGAN'IC,  Inorgan'icns,  Unor'ganized, 
(Fr.)  Inorganique ;  from  in,  priv.  and  orgnnum, 
*an  organ.'  A  term  applred  to  bodies  which 
have  no  organs  ; — such  as  minerals.  At  the  pre- 
sent day,  naturalists  admit  of  but  two  classes  of 
bodies,- — the  organized  and  inorganic.  Parts  of 
the  body  which,  like  the  epidermis,  are  devoid 
of  blood-vessels  and  nerves,  have  been  called  an- 
organic. 

INOSCEERO'MA,  from  is,  gen.  ivoi,  'a  fibre,' 
and  (TKXripiiifta,  'induration.'  Induration  of  the 
fibrous  tissue. 

INOSCULATIO,  Anastomosis. 

INQUIES,  Inquietude. 

INQUIETATIO,  Inquietude. 

INQUI'ETUDE,  Inquietu'do,  In'qiiies,  Inquie- 
ta'tio,  Jactita'tio,  from  in,  priv.  and  quies,  'rest.' 
Agitation  or  trouble,  caused  by  indisposition. 
Restlessness. 

INQUINAMENTUM,  Miasm. 

IXQUISITIO  MEDICO-LEGALIS,  see  Me- 
dico-legal. 

INSALIVA'TIOX,  Insaliva'tio,  from  in,  and 
nfiliva.  The  mixture  of  the  food  with  the  saliva, 
;uid  other  secretions  of  the  mouth. 

INSALU'BRIOUS,  Insaln'hris,  Nosc'ros,  No- 
eo'des.  That  which  is  unhealthy, — which  injures 
the  health. 

INSANABILIS,  Incurable. 

INSANE,  Insa'mia ;  from  in,  'un,'  and  sanna, 
'  sound  ;'  AHena'tiis,  Crazy,  Jlfad,  Non-sane,  I)e- 
mented,  Deranged,  (F.)  Aliene,  Fou,  Intense.  One 
aft'ected  with  mental  aberration,  or  of  unsound 
inind. 

INSANIA,  Mania — i.  Cadiva,  Epilepsy — i.  Lu- 
pina,  Lyeanthropia — i.  Puerperarum,  Mania,  puer- 
peral 

Ij:5I  S AN'ITY,  Inna'nia  ;  from  in,  privative,  and 
»nn«»,  'sound;'  Mental  aliena'tion,  Ahaliena'tio 
«eu  Alie7iatio  Mentis.  Arrep'tio,  Unsound  Mind, 


Derange'ment,  Deranged  intellect,  Cra'zinesr, 
ApJiros'yne,  Ecphro'nia,  EcpTiros'yne,  Parol' Ui/jP., 
Parallax'is,  Delir'ia,  Veea'nicB.  Delir'ium,  (Crich- 
ton,)  Insipien'tia,  (F.)  Folic,  JEgarernent  d' Esprit, 
Paraphrenic.  This  term  includes  all  the  varie- 
ties of  unsound  mind,  —  Mania,  Melancholia, 
Moral  Insanity,  Dementia,  and  Idiocy.  A  slight, 
degree  of  insanity  is  sometimes  popularly  called 
"a  kiyik  in  the  head;"  in  Scotland,  "a  hee  in 
the  bonnet." 

Insanity,  Homicidal,  see  Homicidal — i.  Inco- 
herent, Dementia  —  i.  Moral,  Pathomania  —  i. 
Puerperal,  Mania,  puerperal — i.  Senile,  Delirium 
senile — i.  Suicidal,  see  Suicide. 

INSANUS,  Insane. 

INSCRIPTION,  see  Matriculate. 

INSCRIPTIO'NES  TEXDIN'E^  MUSCTJ- 
LO'RUM,  Intersectio'nes  seu  Enervatio'nes  ten- 
din' ecB  musculo' rum,  Interme' dia  ligarnenta'lia  seu 
ner'vea.  The  tendinous  portions  which  cross 
several  muscles,  and  especially  the  straight  mus- 
cles of  the  abdomen. 

INSENESCENTIA,  Agerasia. 

INSENSE,  Insane. 

INSENSIBIL'ITY,  AhcBSthe'sia,  InsensihU'i- 
tas.  Loss  or  absence  of  sensibility.  It  is  very 
common  in  cerebral  affections,  and  may  extend 
to  every  part,  or  be  limited  to  one  or  more. 
Some  organs  are  much  more  sensible  than  others. 
The  bones,  cartilages,  ligaments,  <tc.,  are  insen- 
sible in  health,  but  acutely  sensible  in  disease. 

INSEN'SIBLE,  Sensihilita'te  carens.  That 
which  is  devoid  of  sensibility.  This  word  is  ap- 
plied, also,  to  phenomena  which  cease  to  be  ap- 
preciable to  the  senses.  Thus,  we  say,  the  pulse 
become?  insensible. 

INSER'TION,  Inser'tio,  Symph'ysis,  Eno'sis, 
from  inserere,  (in,  and  severe,  'to  join  or  knit,') 
'to  ingraft.'  (F.)  Attache.  The  attachment  of 
one  part  to  another.  Insertions  occur  chiefly  on 
bones,  cartilages,  and  fibrous  organs ;  thus,  we 
speak  of  the  insertion  of  muscular  fibres  into  a 
tendon  or  aponeurosis;  the  insertion  of  atendon, 
aponeurosis,  or  ligament,  into  a  cartilage  or  bone. 
The  word  insertion  has  likewise  been  used  by 
pathologists,  for  the  act  of  inoculating  or  intro- 
ducing a  virus  into  the  body. 

INSES'SIO,  from  insidere,  (in,  and  sedere,) 
'  to  sit  in.'  This  term  is,  sometimes,  applied  to  a 
vapour  bath,  the  person  being  seated  in  a  perfo- 
rated chair,  beneath  which  a  vessel,  filled  with 
hot  water,  or  the  hot  decoction  of  some  plant,  is 
placed.     See  Semicupium. 

INSESSUS,  Bath,  half. 

INSIDEN'TIA,  Epis'tasis.  Any  thing  which 
swims  on  or  in  the  urine.  It  is  opposed  to  the 
Eypos'tosis  or  subsiden'tia. 

INSIPIENTIA.  Insanitv. 

INSISIO  CILIORUM,  Blepharoplastice. 

INSITIO,  Inoculation— i.  Dentis,  Transplant- 
atio  Dentis — i.  Variolarum,  Inoculation. 

INSOLA'TION,  Insola'tio,  from  in,  and  sol, 
'the  sun;'  Apriea'fio,  Helio'sis,  Heli'usls,  Helio- 
no'sis,  Siri'asis.  Exposure  to  the  sun.  Exposure 
of  a  patient  to  the  rays  of  the  sun  is,  sometimes, 
had  recourse  to,  with  the  view  of  rousing  the 
vital  forces  when  languishing,  or  of  producing 
irritation  of  the  skin.  Insolation  is  occasionally 
used  in  the  same  sense  as  coup  de  soleil. 

In  Pharmacy,  insolation  means  the  drying  of 
chemical  and  pharmaceutical  substances. 

INSOLAZIOXE  DE  PRIM  I  VERA,  Pel- 
lagra. 

INSOM'NIA,  Tnsom'nitas,  Sahara,  Zaara, 
Pervigil'ium,  Pernoeta'tio,  Ai/p'nia,  Agi-yp'tiia, 
Ahyp'nia,  Anyp'uia,  Typhoma'nia,  Sleep' lessness, 
Yig"ilance, from  in, privative,  and  somniis,  'sleep,' 


INSOMNIUM 


479 


INTEMPERANCE 


} 


40 


'absence  of  sleep.'  This  may  exist  alone,  and 
constitute  a  true  disease  ;  or  it  may  be  connected 
with  another  alfection.  It  is  an  unequivocal  sign 
of  suffering  in  some  organ ;  even  when  the  pa- 
tient experiences  no  pain. 

IjSTSOxMA^IUM,  Somnium. 

INSPECTIO  MEDICO-LEGALIS,  see  Me- 
dico-legal. 

INS P IRA  TE  UR,  Inspiratory. 

INSPIRA'TION,  Inspira'tio,  Empnemnato'sia, 
Eisp'noe,  Adspira'tio,  Aspira'tio,  from  in,  'in,' 
and  spiro,  'I  breathe.'  The  action  by  which  the 
air  penetrates  into  the  interior  of  the  lungs.  A 
movement  opposed  to  that  of  expiration.  As  re- 
gards the  average  quantity  of  air  received  into 
the  lungs  at  each  inspiration,  there  is  much  dis- 
crepancy amongst  observers.  The  following  table 
sufficiently  exhibits  this  : — 

Cubic  inches  at 
each  inspiration. 

Reil 42  to  100 

Menzies, 

Sanvages, 

Hales, 

Haller, 

Ellis, 

Sprengel, 

Sommering. 

Thomson, 

Bostoek, 

Jurin 35  to  38 

Fontana 35 

Rieherand 30  to  40 

Dalton 30 

Jeffreys 26 

Herbst 24  to  30 

Herholdt 20  to  29 

Jurine  and  Coathupe 20 

Allen  and  Pepys 16J 

J.  Borelli 15  to  40 

Goodwyn 14 

SirH.  Davy 13  to  17 

Abernethy  and  Mojon 12 

Keutsch 6  to  12 

IxspiRATiON  OP  Venous  Blood.  By  this  is 
meant  the  aspiration  of  blood  towards  the  heart, 
occasioned  by  the  approach  to  a  vacuum  pro- 
ducod  by  the  dilatation  of  the  thorax  during  in- 
spiration. 

IN'SPIRATORY.  Same  etymon.  Inspira- 
tio'ni  inser'viens,  (P.)  Inajiirateur.  A  name  given 
to  muscles,  which,  by  their  contraction,  augment 
the  size  of  the  chest,  and  thus  produce  inspira- 
tion. The  diaphragm  and  intercostal  muscles 
are  the  chief  agents  of  inspiration.  In  cases 
where  deep  inspirations  are  necessary,  the  action 
of  these  muscles  is  aided  by  the  contraction  of 
the  pectoralis  major  and  pectoralis  minor,  subela- 
vius,  serratus  major  anticus,  scaleni,  serratus  pos- 
ticus superior,  &c.  Most  of  these  muscles  be- 
come inspiratory,  by  taking  their  fixed  point  at 
the  part  which  they  ordinarily  move,  and  elevat- 
ing the  ribs. 

INSPISSA'TIO,  Pycno'sis,  from  in,  and  spia- 
tare,  '  to  thicken.'  The  act  of  rendering  thick ; 
as  in  the  formation  of  an  extract — Suceiis  Inapis- 
ea'tus. 

INSTEP,  Collnm  pedis,  (F.)  Goude-pied,  Cou 
dti  pied.  The  projection  at  the  upper  part  of  the 
foot,  near  its  articulation  with  the  leg — the  tarsus, 

INSTILLATIO,  Instillation. 

INSTILLA'TION,  Enstalax'is,  Instilla'tio, 
from  in,  'into,'  and  stilla,  'a,  drop.'  The  act  of 
pouring  a  liquid  drop  by  drop. 

INSTINCT,  (L.)  Instinc'tus,  {in,  anistinffuo,  'I 
sling,')  '  inwardly  moved.'  Bru'tia,  Horme.  The 
action  of  the  living  principle,  whenever  manifestly 
directing  its  operations  to  the  heaith,  preservation, 


or  reproduction  of  a  living  frame  or  any  part  of 
such  frame  — JloU'men  naiu'rcB  saluta'rium.  The 
law  of  instinct  is,  consequently,  the  law  of  tho 
living  principle,  and  instinctive  actions  are  the 
actions  of  the  living  principle.  Instinct  is  natu- 
ral.    Reason  is  acquired. 

INSTINCTIVE,  Instinc'tus.  Same  etymon. 
Relating  to  or  caused  by  instinct,-  as  instinctive 
actions.  See  Emotional.  Those  instinctive  ac- 
tions of  animals  which  are  owing  to  impressions 
made  on  the  sensory  ganglia,  exciting  respondent 
motor  influences  that  are  propagated  to  the  va- 
rious muscles  of  the  body,  are  termed  eo-nsen- 
siial. 

INSTITUTES  OF  MEDICINE,  see  Theory 
of  medicine. 

INSTITUTUM  ORTHOP^DICUM,  Ortho- 
pedic institution. 

IN'STRUMENT,  Instrumen'tum,  Or'ganum.  A 
tool,  an  agent. 

INSTRIJMENTA,  Pudibilia. 
INSTRUMEN'TUM    CHIRUR'GICUM.     A 
surgical  tool  or  instrument. 

Instrumentum  Digestionis.  The  digestive 
apparatus. 

Instrumentum  Instrumentorum,  Manus. 
INSUFFICIENCY,  from  in,  and  sufficient. 
Inadequateness  to  any  end  or  purpose,  —  as  In- 
sufficiency of  the  valves  of  the  heart ;  (F.)  Insuffi- 
sance  des  valvules  du  Coeur ; — a  condition  in  which 
they  are  not  adapted,  as  in  health,  to  properly 
close  the  apertures. 

INSUFFISANCE  DES  VALVULES  DU 
CCEUR,  Insufficiency  of  the  valves  of  the  heart. 
INSUFFLA'TION,  Insuffla'tio,  from  in,  suh, 
and  flare,  '  to  blow.'  The  act  of  blowing  a  gas 
or  vapour  into  some  cavity  of  the  body ;  as  when 
tobacco  smoke  is  injected  into  the  rectum ;  or 
when  air  is  blown  into  the  mouths  of  new-bore 
children  to  excite  the  respiratory  functions. 
INSULA,  Insula  cerebri. 

In'sula  Cer'ebri,  Island  or  In'sula  of  Eeil. 
The  intermediate  lobe  of  the  brain,  Lobus  inter- 
me'dius  cer'ebri.    A  remarkable  group  of  convolu- 
tions within  the  fissure  of  Sylvius.     It  is  called, 
by  Cruveilhier,  Lobule  of  the  Fissure  of  Si/lcius, 
Lobule  of  the  corpus  striatum.     The  'island'  of 
Reil,  with  the  substantia  perforata,  forms  the 
base  of  the  corpus  striatum. 
Insula  Sanguinis,  see  Blood. 
INSULTUS,  Attack,  Paroxysm. 
INSURANCE  OF  LIFE,  see  Life  Insurance. 
INTEGRITAS,  Sanitas,  Virginity. 
INTEG'UMENT,    Integumen'tum,    Tegumen'- 
tum,    Teg'umen,    Teg'imen,    Tegmen,   Involu'crum 
seu    Velamen'tum  corp'oris  commu'ne ;    Vela'men 
seu  Velamentum  nati'vum,  from  in  and  tegere,  'to 
cover.'    (F.)  Tegument.    Any  thing  which  serves 
to  cover,  to   envelop.     The  aldn,  including  the 
cuticle,  rete  mucosum,  and  cutis  vera  is  the  com- 
mon integument  or  tegument  of  the  body. 

INTEGUMEN'TA  FCETUS.  The  membranes 
surrounding  the  foetus  in  utero. 

IN'TELLECT,  Intellec'tus,  Nous,  Mens,  Git^wc, 
Nqos,  Nus,  Noe'sis,  Syn'esis,  from  intelligere, 
{inter,  'between,'  and  legere,  'to  choose;')  'to 
understand,'  'conceive,'  'know.'  (F.)  Entende- 
ment.  Intelligence.  The  aggregate  of  the  intel 
lectual  faculties — perception,  formation  of  ideas, 
memory,  and  judgment. 

Intellect,  Deranged,  Insanity. 
INTELLIGENCE,  Intellect. 
INTEM'PERANCE,  Intern  per  an' ti  a  ;  Immode- 
ran'tia,  Immodera'tio,  Acra'sia,  Acola'sia,  Ples'- 
mone,  Amet'ria,  Ajyles'tia,  from  in,  '  negation,' 
and  temperare,  'to  temper.'  Immoderate  use  of 
food  and  drink,  especially  the  latter;  —  a  fruitful 
source  of  disease. 


INTEMPERIES 


480 


INTERLOBULAR 


TNTEMPER'IES.  Same  etymon.  Dyscra'aia. 
Derangement  in  the  constitution  of  the  atmo- 
f  phere  and  of  the  seasons ;  bad  constitution ;  de- 
rangement or  disorder  in  the  humours  of  the 
body. 

INTENSrVUS,  Entaticos. 

IXTEN'TION,  Inten'tio,  from  in,  and  tendere, 
'  to  stretch.'  P ropoa' itum.  The  object  which 
one  proposes.  In  surgery,  a  wound  is  said  to  heal 
hy  the  first  intention,  Meu'nio  per  primam  inten- 
tio'nem,  when  cicatrization  occurs  without  suppu- 
ration ;  union  by  the  second  intention,  Reu'nio  per 
aecun' dam  intentio'nem,  being  that,  which  does 
not  occur  until  the  surfaces  have  suppurated. 
To  obtain  union  by  the  first  intention,  the  edges 
of  a  recent  wound  must  be  brought  in  apposition 
and  kept  together  by  means  of  adhesive  plasters 
and  a  proper  bandage.  Delpech  has  substituted 
for  those  expressions.  Reunion  primitive,  and  Me- 
liuion  secondaire. 

INTERANEA,  Entrails. 

INTERARTIC'ULAR, Interarticula'ria.  Parts 
situate  between  the  articulations  are  so  called; 
as  interarticular  cartilages,  interarticular  liga- 
m£nts,  &c. 

INTERCA'DENCE,  Inter  caden'tia,  Interci- 
den'tia,  from  inter,  'between,'  and  cadere,  'to 
fall.'  Disorder  of  the  arterial  pulsations,  so  that, 
every  now  and  then,  a  supernumerary  pulsation 
occurs.  The  pulse,  in  such  case,  is  said  to  be 
intercurrent. 

INTER'CALART,  Intercala'ria,  Inter'cidena, 
irova.  inttrcalare,  *  to  insert.'  Emhol'imos,  Inter- 
pola'tns,  Provocato'riua.  The  days  which  occur 
between  those  that  are  critical.  The  term  has, 
also,  been  applied  to  the  days  of  apyresia  in  in- 
termittent fevers. 

INTERCEL'LULAR  PAS'SAGES.  A  term 
given  by  Mr.  Rainey  to  irregular  passages  through 
the  substance  of  the  lung,  which  form  the  termi- 
nations of  the  bronchial  tubes,  are  clustered  with 
air-cells,  and  not  lined  by  mucous  membrane. 

Intercellular  Substance,  see  Cytoblastema. 

INTERCEP'TIO,  from  inter,  'between,'  and 
eapere,  'to  take.'  A  bandage,  by  the  aid  of 
which  the  ancients  proposed  to  arrest  the  pro- 
gress of  the  material  cause  of  gout  and  rheu- 
matism ;  and  which  consisted  in  covering  the 
affected  limbs  with  carded  wool ;  surrounding 
them,  afterwards,  with  broad  bandages,  applied 
from  the  fingers  to  the  axilla,  or  from  the  toes 
to  the  groin. 

Interceptio  Intestinorum,  Heus. 

INTER CERVICAUX,  Interspinals  colli. 

INTERCIDENS,  Intercalary. 

INTERCIDENTIA,  Intercadenee. 

INTERCILIUM,  Mesophryon. 

INTERCLAVICULAR,  Interclavicula'ria, 
from  inter,  'between,'  and  clavicula,  'a  clavicle.' 
That  which  is  placed  between  the  clavicles. 

Interclavicular  Ltg'ajient  is  a  fibrous  bun- 
dle, placed  transversely  above  the  extremity  of 
the  sternum,  between  the  heads  of  the  two  clavi- 
cles. This  ligament  is  flat.  Its  fibres,  which 
are  always  longer  above  than  below,  are  sepa- 
rated by  small  apertures,  which  are  traversed  by 
vessels.  It  prevents  the  separation  of  the  two 
clavicles  in  the  forced  deprc-ssion  of  the  shoulder. 

INTERCOS'TAL,  Intercoata'lis,  from  inter, 
'between,'  and  costa,  'a  rib.'  Mesopleu'rus,  Me- 
K  ipleu'rina.  That  which  is  situate  between  the 
ribs.     (F.)  Sova-coatal. 

Intercostal AR'TERiESvaryin  number.  There 
is  constantly,  however,  a  supe'rior,  Arte'ria  In- 
terroata'lia  aupe'rior  vel  Intercoata'lia  subcla'via, 
which  is  given  off  from  the  posterior  part  of  the 
subclavian,  and  which  sends  branches  into  th# 
first  two  or  three  intercostal  spaces ;  and,  gene- 


rally, eight  or  nine  inferior  or  aortic  intercoatah. 
These  arise  from  the  lateral  and  posterior  parts 
of  the  pectoral  aorta,  and  ascend  obliquely  in 
front  of  the  vertebral  column,  to  gain  the  inter- 
costal spaces,  where  they  divide  into  a  dorsal 
branch  and  an  intercostal,  properly  so  called. 

Intercostal  Muscles  are  distinguished  into 
internal,  —  inter-jjlevrocostaux  of  Dumas,  —  and 
external.  The  former  are  inserted  into  the  inner 
lip,  the  latter  into  the  outer  lip  of  the  edge  of  the 
ribs.  The  fibres  of  the  external  intercostals  are 
directed  obliquely  downwards  and  forwards;  and 
those  of  the  internal  downwards  and  backwards. 
Both  are  inspiratory  or  expiratory  muscles,  ac- 
cording as  they  take  their  origin  on  the  upper  or 
lower  rib.  Some  small,  fleshy  fibres,  seen  occa- 
sionally at  the  inner  surface  of  the  thorax,  de- 
scending obliquely  from  one  rib  to  another,  have 
been  called  Infracostalea. 

Intercostal  Nerve,  Trisplanehnie  nerve. 

Intercostal  Nerves,  Branches  sonscoatahs 
(Ch.),  Costal  or  Dorsal  nerves,  proceed  from  the 
anterior  branches  of  the  dorsal  nerves.  They 
are  twelve  in  number,  and  are  distributed  espe- 
cially to  the  muscles  of  the  parietes  of  the  chest 
and  abdomen. 

Intercostal  Space,  Interval'him  sen  Inter- 
etit"ittm  intereoata'le,  Meaopleu'rnm,  Mesopleu'- 
rium,  is  the  interval  which  separates  one  rib  from 
that  immediately  above  or  below  it. 

Intercostal  Veins  are  distinguished  like  the 
arteries.  The  right  superior  intercostal  vein  is 
often  wanting.  When  it  exists,  it  opens  into  tlie 
back  part  of  the  subclavian.  The  same  vein  of 
the  left  side  is  very  large.  It  communicates  with 
the  demi-azygos,  receives  the  left  bronchial  vein, 
and  opens  into  the  corresponding  subclavian. 
The  right  inferior  intercostal  veins  open  into  the 
vena  azygos ;  and  those  of  the  left  into  the  demi- 
azygos. 

INTERCOS'TO-HU'MERAL  NERVES.  So 
called  from  their  origin  and  distribution.  They 
are  the  cutaneous  branches  of  the  second  and 
third  intercostal  nerves. 

INTERCUR'RENT,  Inter  cur' reus,  from  inter, 
'between,'  and  currere,  'to  run.'  Diseases  are 
so  called  which  supervene  at  different  seasons  of 
the  j'car,  or  which  cannot  be  considered  as  be- 
longing to  any  particular  season.  —  Sydenham. 
A  disease  is  likewise  so  termed  which  occurs  in 
the  course  of  another  disease,  as  Intercurrent 
Pneumonia. 

INTERCUTANEUS,  Subcutaneous. 

INTERDEN'TIUM,  from  inter,  'between,'  and 
dens,  '  a  tooth.'  The  interval  between  teeth  of 
the  same  order.  —  Linden. 

INTERBIGITAIRE,  Interdigital. 

INTERDIG"ITAL,  Interdigita'lis,  (F.)  Inter, 
digitaire,  same  etymon  as  the  next.  That  which 
relates  to  the  spaces  between  the  fingers.  Inter- 
digital  apace,  (F.)  Eapace  interdigitaire,  is  used, 
also,  for  the  commissure  between  the  fingers. 

INTERDIGIT"IUM,  from  inter,  'between,' 
and  digitus,  '  a  finger.'  A  corn  or  wart,  which 
grows  between  the  fingers  and  toes,  especially 
between  the  latter.  —  Pliny. 

INTEREPINEUX  CERVICAUX,  Interspi- 
nales  colli. 

INTERFINIUM  NARIUM,  Septum  narium. 

ENTERFCEMINEUM,  Perinaum,  Vulva. 

INTERFORAMINEUM,  Perineum. 

INTERGANGLION'IC,  Interganglionicua, 
from  inter,  'between,'  find  ganglion,  '  aknot.'  An 
epithet  for  nervous  cords,  placed  between  gan- 
glia, which  they  connect  together. 

INTERITUS,  Death. 

INTERLOB'ULAR,  Interlobula'ris,  from  inter, 


INTEEMAXILLART 


4S1 


INTEROSSEOUS 


'be" Teen,'   and  lohihis,    'a,  small   lobe.'     That 
whiin  is  between  lobes,  —  as  of  the  lungs. 

Is  .iiELOBrLAR  FissuRE.  The  interval  between 
the  iDbules  of  the  liver.     See  Liver. 

lyXERLOBtJLAE  PlEXUS  OF  THE  BiLIARyDcCTS. 

See  Liver. 

Interlobular  Spaces.  The  angular  inter- 
stices formed  in  the  liver  by  the  apposition  of 
several  lobules. 

Interlob'ular  Tisstje,  Textum  interlohula're, 
Ligamen'ta  interlobida'ria  j>^'fnio'nu-m.  The  cel- 
lular tissue  between  the  pulmonary  lobules. 

Interlobular  Veins,  see  Liver. 

INTERMAX'ILLART,  IntermaxiUa' ris,  from 
inter,  'between,'  and  maxilla,  'a  jaw.'  That 
which  is  situate  between  the  maxillary  bones. 

Intermaxillary  Bone,  Inci'sive,  Pal'atine,  or 
I.ahial  bone,  is  a  bony  portion,  wedged  in  between 
the  two  superior  maxillary  bones,  which  supports 
ti'ie  upper  incisors.  This  bone  is  found  in  the 
mammalia;  and,  also,  in  the  human  foetus. 

INTERCEDE,  Excipient. 

INTERMEDIA  LIGAMEXTALIA  seu  NER- 
VEA,  Inscriptiones  tendinete  musculorum. 

INTER3IEDIAIRE  BE  WRISBERG,  Por- 
tio  Wrisbergii. 

INTERMEDIATE  VASCULAR  SYSTEM, 
Capillary  system. 

INTERMENT,  PREMATURE,  Zoothapsis. 

INTERMIS'SION,  Interims' sio,  Dialeiji'sis, 
Uialip' sis,  Tempus  intereala' re,  Interval'lum, {rom. 
infer,  'between,'  and  mittere,  'to  put  or  send.' 
(F.)  Intermittence.  The  interval  which  occurs 
between  two  paroxysms  of  an  intermittent  or 
other  disease— during  which  the  patient  is  almost 
in  his  natural  state.  There  is  said  to  be  inter- 
tiiiasion  of  the  pulse,  when,  in  a  given  number  of 
pulsations,  one  or  more  may  be  wanting. 

INTERMITTENCE,  Intermission. 

INTERMIT'TENT,  Intermit' tens.  Same  ety- 
mon.    That  which  has  intermissions. 

Intermittent  Eever,  Febris  intermit'tens,  Bi- 
cleip'yra.  Intermittens,  An'etus,  Pyretohjpo'sie, 
Ague,  Ague  and  Fever,  Fever  and  Ague,  Palu'dal 
Fever,  Period' ic  Fever,  (F.)  Fiem-e  intermittente, 
F.  d'Accla,  F.  des  marais,  F.  Periodique,  is  a  fever 
consisting  of  paroxysms,  with  a  complete  state 
of  apyresia  in  the  intervals.  The  chief  types 
are  the  Quotidian,  Tertian,  and  Quartan.  The 
symptoms  of  intermittents  are  those  of  a  decided 
and  completely  marked  cold  stage:  (F.)  Stade  de 
froid,  attended  with  j)aleness;  collaj)se,-  im- 
paired sensibility ;  and  coldness,  more  or  less 
ditfused,  followed  by  general  rigors.  After  this 
occurs  the  hot  stage;  Stade  de  la  Chaleur,  the 
heat  returning  partially  and  irregularly,  and  at 
length  becoming  universal,  and  much  above  the 
standard  of  health.  The  pulse  is  now  hard  and 
strong;  tongue  white;  urine  high-coloured;  thirst 
considerable.  At  length,  the  sweating  stage,  (F.) 
Stade  de  Sueur,  makes  its  appearance;  the  mois- 
ture usually  beginning  on  the  forehead,  face,  and 
neck,  and  soon  extending  universally ;  the  heat 
abating;  thirst  ceasing;  the  urine  throwing  down 
a  sediment,  and  the  functions  being  gradually  re- 
stored to  their  wonted  state.  The  tertian  type  is 
the  most  common,  and  the  quartan  the  most  se- 
vere. The  quotidian  more  readily  changes  into 
a  remittent  and  continued  fever.  The  quartan 
has,  generally,  the  longest  cold  stage,  the  tertian 
the  longest  hot.  The  chief  exciting  cause  is  marsh 
miasmata.  Ague,  also,  occurs  in  districts  where 
there  are  no  marshy  emanations.  Such  districts 
are,  generally,  of  a  volcanic  nature ;  farther  we 
know  not.  When  the  disease  has  once  attacked 
an  individual,  it  is  apt  to  recur.     The  prognosis 


is,  in  general,  favourable,  as  far  as  regards  life; 
but  long  protracted  intermittents  are  apt  to  in- 
duce visceral  obstructions  and  engorgements, 
which  may  end  in  dropsy.  In  some  countries, 
the  disease  is  of  a  very  pernicious  character.  The 
indications  of  treatment  are,  1.  To  abate  the  vio- 
lence of  the  paroxysm;  and,  2.  To  prevent  its 
return.  The  first  "indication  requires  the  adop- 
tion of  the  general  principles  and  remedies  re- 
quired in  ordinarj'  fever.  The  second  is  the  most 
important.  The  period  of  apyrexia  is  that  for 
action.  The  means  for  fulfilling  this  indication 
are:  —  the  use  of  emetics,  purgatives,  cinchona, 
C|uinia,  &c.,  arsenic,  and  forcible  impressions  made 
on  the  mind  of  the  patient. 

INTERMUSCULAR,  Intermuscula'ri^,  from 
inter,  'between,'  and  muscidus,  'a  muscle.'  That 
which  is  placed  between  muscles. 

iNTERjirs'crLAR  ApoNEUEo'SES  ,are  aponeu- 
rotic laminte  or  septa,  situate  between  muscles, 
to  which  the3''  often  give  attachment. 

INTER'NAL,  Inner,  Inter'nus.  That  which  is 
placed  on  the  inside.  This  epithet  is  given  to 
parts  that  look  towards  an  imaginary  central 
plane,  which  divides  the  body  into  two  equal  and 
symmetrical  portions,  as  well  as  to  those  which 
correspond  with  a  cavity.  Thus,  we  say — the  in- 
ner surface  of  tlie  arm  or  iJiigJi — the  inner  surface 
of  the  skull,  &c. 

Internal  Diseases,  Morbi  inter'ni,  are  those 
which  occupy  the  inner  parts  of  the  body.  Their 
investigation  belongs  to  the  physician  ;  external 
diseases  falling  under  the  management  of  the 
surgeon. 

INTERNA  T.    The  post  or  office  of  an  interne. 

INTERNE,  see  House-Surgeon. 

INTERNODIA  DIGITORUM  MANUS,  Pha^ 
langes  of  the  fingers  —  i.  Digitorum  pedis.  Pha- 
langes of  the  toes. 

INTERNO'DIUM,  Mesagon'ium,  from  inter, 
'between,'  and  nodus,  'a  knot.'  The  part  of  the 
fingers  between  the  joints.     A  phalanx. 

i'NTERNUN'CIAL,  Intetnuneia'lis,  from  inter, 
'between,'  and  nuncius,  'a  messenger.'  Relating 
or  belonging  to  a  messenger  between  parties.  A 
term  applied  by  Mr.  Hunter  to  the  function  of 
the  nervous  system. 

INTERNUNTII  DIES,  Critical  davs. 

INTERNUS  AURIS,  Tensor  tympani—i.  Mal- 
lei, Tensor  tvmpani. 

INTEROS'SEI  I'ET>IS,3Ietatarso-phclan(nen. 
lateral,  (Ch.)  The  number,  arrangement,  shape, 
and  uses  of  these  are  the  same  as  in  the  ease  of 
the  preceding  muscles.  Four  are  dorsal,  and 
three  2}lo"tar :  six  belong  to  the  three  middle  toes 
and  one  to  the  little  toe.  The  great  toe  is  devoid 
of  them.  As  in  the  hand,  they  are  distinguished, 
in  each  toe,  into  .abductor  and  adductor. 

INTERROS'SEOUS,  Interos'scus.  Thatwhich 
is  situate  between  the  bones ;  from  inter,  '  be- 
tween,' and  OS,  'a  bone.' 

Interosseous  Ar'teries  of  the  Forearst 
AND  Hand.  Of  thfse  there  are  several.  1.  The 
common  interosseous  arterx/  arises  from  the  poste- 
rior part  of  the  ulnar,  a  little  below  the  bicipital 
tuberosity  of  the  radius ;  passes  backwards  and 
divides  into  two  branches  :  the  one  called  ante- 
rior interosseous  descends  vertically,  anterior  to 
the  interosseous  ligament;  the  other,  called  pos- 
terior interosseous,  passes  above  that  ligament, 
appears  at  its  posterior  part  and  divides  into  two 
great  branches,  —  the  posterior  recitrrent  radial 
and  the  piosferior  interosseous,  properly  so  called. 
In  the  hand,  —  1.  The  dorsal  metacarjml  interos- 
seous arteries  are  given  off  by  the  dorsalis  carpi, 
a  division  of  the  radial  artery.  2.  The  Palinnr 
inter, -osseous  arteries,  which  arise  from  the  con- 
vexity of  the  deep  palmar  arch,  and  give  off  thd 


INTEROSSEUX 


482 


INTERTRANSVERSALIS 


middle  tnferosseon.1  arteries.  3.  The  dorsal  inter- 
osseous of  the  index,  proceeding  directly  from  the 
radial  artery.  In  the  foot,  are  distinguished:  — 
1.  The  dorsal  interosseous  arteries,  three  in  num- 
ber, which  arise  from  the  artery  of  the  metatar- 
sus, a  branch  of  the  dorsalis  tarsi.  2.  The  plantar 
intcrosseotis  arteries,  which  are,  also,  three  in 
number,  and  arise  from  the  plantar  arch. 

Interosseous  Lig'aments.  Ligaments  seated 
between  certain  bones,  which  they  unite;  such 
.are  the  ligaments  between  the  radius  and  ulna, 
and  between  the  tibia  and  fibula. 

Inteuosseous  Muscles.  These  occupy  the 
spaces  between  the  bones  of  the  metacarpus  and 
metatarsus  ;  and,  consequently,  belong, — some  lo 
the  hand,  others  to  the  foot. 

Interosseous  Nerve  is  a  branch,  given  off  by 
the  median  nerve,  which  descends  before  the  in- 
terosseous ligament,  accompanying  the  artery  of 
the  same  name. 

Interosseous  Veins  have  the  same  arrange- 
ment as  the  arteries. 

Interosseus  Manus,  (F.)  Muscle  interosseux 
d-e  la  7nain. — 3Ietacar2)o-phalanrjien-lateral  sus- 
palmaire  et  metacarpo-phalangien  latiral,  (Ch.) 
These  muscles  are  seven  in  number;  two  for  each 
of  the  three  middle  fingers,  and  one  for  the  little 
finger.  Four  are  situate  on  the  back  of  the  hand, 
and  three  only  in  the  palm.  They  are  inserted 
into  the  metacarpal  bones,  and  send  a  tendon  to 
the  tendon  of  the  extensor  communis.  Accord- 
ing to  their  office,  they  are,  to  each  finger,  an  ad- 
ductor and  an  abductor.  The  index  has  a  dorsal 
abductor  and  a  palmar  one.  The  middle  finger 
has  two  dorsal  muscles  for  adductor  and  abduc- 
tor; the  ring  finger  has  a  dorsal  adductor  and  a 
palmar  abductor  ;  and  the  little  finger  has  only 
one  interosseous  abductor,  which  is  palmar. 
These  muscles  produce  abduction  and  adduction 
of  the  fingers,  which  they  can  also  extend,  owing 
to  their  connexion  with  the  extensor  tendons. 

Interosseus  Secundtjs,  Prior  medii  digiti  —  i. 
Quartus,  Prior  annularis. 

INTEROSSEUX  BE  LA  MAIN,  Interosseus 
manfis. 

INTERPARIETAL  BONE,  Os  Interparie- 
ta'le.  A  bone  found  in  the  skulls  of  the  children 
of  the  Peruvian  races.  It  lies  in  the  situation 
of  the  upper  angle  of  the  occipital  bone,  where 
the  parietal  bones  separate  from  each  other;  and 
is  the  analogue  of  the  interparietal  bone  of  ru- 
minants and  carnivora. — Tschudi. 

INTERPELLA'TUS,  {3Iorbus,)  from  interpel- 
lo,  '  I  interrupt.'  A  term,  by  which  Paracelsus 
designated  those  diseases  whose  progress  is  une- 
qual, and  paroxysms  irregular. 

INTERPLEVR 0-GOSTAUX,  Intercostal 
jnuseles. 

INTERPOLATUS,  Intercalary. 

INTERRUPTIO  MENSTRUATIONIS,  Ame- 
norrhoea. 

INTERSCAP'ULAR,  Tnter>scapula' ris,  {inter, 
and  scajnda.)  That  which  is  between  the  shoul- 
ders; as  the  interscapular  region.  The  interscaj}- 
nlar  cavities,  Cavita'tes  interscapula' res,  are  the 
depressions  between  the  scapulaj  and  the  spinous 
processes  of  the  vertebrae. 

INTERSCAPU'LIUM.  The  spine  of  the 
scapula, 

INTERSECTIO,  Decussation,  Intersection. 

INTERSECTION,  Intcrsec'tio,I)iac'ope,  from 
inter,  'between,'  and  seco,  'I  cut.'  The  point 
where  two  lines  meet  and  cut  each  other.  The 
nivnic  aponeurot'ic  intersection  is  given  to  fibrous 
bands,  which  certain  muscles  present  in  their 
length,  and  by  which  they  soern  intermitted. 
Aponeurotic  intersections  are  found  in  the  recti 


muscles  of  the  abdomen  ;  mi  the  semi-membrano 
BUS,  complcxus,  sterno-thyroideus,  <tc. 

INTERSECTIONES  TENUINE^  MUSCU- 
LORUM, Inseriptiones  tendinere  musculorum. 

INTERSEPIMENTUM  THORACIS,  Medi- 
astinum. 

INTERSEPTA  HORIZONTALIA  PACCHI, 
ONI,  Tentorium. 

INTERSEP'TUM,  from  inter,  'between,'  and 
septum,  'a  partition.'  Cion,  kiwv.  The  uvula; 
also,  the  septum  narium.     The  diaphragm. 

Interseptum  Narium,  Septum  narium — i.  Vir- 
ginale,  Hymen. 

INTERSPI'NAL,  Interspina'lis,  from  {titer, 
'between,'  and  spina,  '  the  spine.'  That  which  is 
seated  between  the  spinous  processes. 

Interspi'nal  Lig'aiient,  Memhra'na  interspi- 
na'lis, {^.)  Ligament interepinevx.  These  occupy 
the  intervals  between  the  sjjinous  processes  in  the 
back  and  loins.  In  the  neck,  they  are  replaced 
by  the  muscles  of  the  same  name.  They  prevent 
the  too  great  flexion  of  the  spine,  and  keep  the 
spinous  processes  in  situ. 

INTERSPINA'LES  COLLI,  Spina'lea  Colli 
mino'res,  Spiina'ti,  (F.)  Interepineux-cervicaux, 
Inter cervicaux,  (Ch.)  These  are  twelve  in  num- 
ber, and  occupy,  in  two  parallel  rows,  the  inter- 
vals between  the  spinous  processes  of  the  cervical 
vertebrse,  from  that  of  the  atlas  and  vertebra 
dentata,  to  that  between  the  last  cervical  and  first 
dorsal  vertebrKs.  They  are  flat,  thin,  and  quad- 
rilateral. These  muscles  contribute  to  the  exten- 
sion of  the  neck  and  to  throwing  the  head  back- 
wards. 

Interspinales  Dorsi  et  Lumbo'rum;  por- 
tions of  the  Transversaire-epinenx  of  Boyer,  and 
the  sacro-sjiinal  of  Chaussier.  These  muscles  are 
of  two  kinds.  The  one  {Muscle  grand  epineux 
du  dos,  of  Winslow)  representing  fleshy  bundles 
of  different  lengths,  applied  upon  the  lateral  sur- 
faces of  the  spinous  processes,  from  the  third 
dorsal  vertebra  to  the  second  lumbar.  The  other 
{3Iuscle  petit  epineux  du  dos,  Winslow)  covered 
by  the  preceding.  They  are  situate  on  each  side 
of  the  interspinal  ligament,  in  the  form  of  small, 
short  flat  bundles,  which  pass  from  one  spinous 
process  to  the  second,  third  or  fourth  above  it. 
These  muscles  aid  in  extending  the  vertebral  co- 
lumn ;  and  incline  it  a  little  to  one  side,  ■when 
they  act  on  one  side  only. 

IN'TERSTICE,  Interstit" iimi,  Arao'ma,  from 
inter,  '  between,'  and  sto,  '  I  stand.'  Biaste'ma, 
Interval'lum.  Anatomists  have  given  this  nnmo 
to  the  intervals  between  organs.  The  iliac  crest, 
crista  ilii,  for  example,  has  two  lips  and  an  in- 
terstice between  them,  which  affords  attaehmeat 
to  the  lesser  oblique  muscle  of  the  abdomen. 

Interstice,  Pore. 

INTERSTIT"IAL,  Interstitia'lis,  same  ety- 
mon. Applied  to  that  which  occurs  in  the  inter- 
stices of  an  organ,- — as  'interstitial  absorption,' 
'  interstitial  pregnancy,'  &c. 

INTERSTITIUM,  Interstice— i.  Ciliare,  Cili- 
ary ligament — i.  Intercostale,  Intercostal  space — 
i.  Jugulare,  Throat. 

INTERTINCTUS,  Discreet. 

INTER  TRA  CHE  LIENS,  Intertransversales 
colli. 

INTER  T RANSVE RS AIRES  BES 
LOMBES,  Intertransversales  lumborum. 

INTERTRANSVERSA'LIS, /n(erfra»«i>ers«'- 
rius.  That  which  is  placed  between  the  trans- 
verse process  of  the  vertebrae. 

Intertransversales  Colli,  (F.)  Intertrans- 
versaires  cervicaux,  Intertracheliens,  (Ch.)  These 
are  small,  muscular  bundles  ;  quadrilateral ;  thin 
and  flat:  situate,  in  pairs,  in  the  intervals  be- 
tween tiie  transverse  processes  of  the  neck,  oi- 


INTERTRIGO 


4S3 


INTRINSIC 


cept  lietween  the  first  and  second,  where  there  is 
only  one.  They  are  distinguished  into  anterior 
tkudpofsterior.  The  former  are  six  in  numher;  the 
latter  five.  These  muscles  bring  the  transverse 
processes  of  the  neck  nearer  each  other,  and  con- 
tribute to  the  lateral  flexion  of  the  neck. 

Intertransversales  Lujibo'rum,  Ifuscnli  in- 
tertraiisversi  lumbo'rum,  (F.)  Intertransversaires 
de8  lombes.  These  are  almost  entirely  fleshy,  and 
ten  in  number;  five  on  each  side.  They  are  si- 
milar to  the  preceding  in  general  arrangement; 
except  that  they  are  more  marked,  and  not  placed 
in  two  rows.  Each  intertransverse  space  contains 
only  one.  They  are  quadrilateral,  and  flat.  The 
first  occupies  the  space  between  the  transverse 
processes  of  the  first  lumbar  and  the  last  dorsal 
vertebra ;  and  the  last  is  between  that  of  the 
fourth  and  fifth  lumbar  vertebra.  These  mus- 
cles incline  the  lumbar  regions  laterally;  and 
Btraighten  it  when  inclined  to  one  side. 

INTERTRIGO,  Chafing—i.  Podicis,  Chafing. 

INTERVAL,  LUCID,  see  Lucid. 

INTERVALLUM,  Intermission,  Interstice— i. 
Intercostale,  Intercostal  space. 

INTERVENIUM,  Mssophlebium. 

INTERVER'TEBRAL,  Inter  vertebra' lis,  (in- 
ter,  and  vertebra.)  That  which  is  situate  between 
the  vertebrse. 

Intervertebral  Car'tilages,  Intervertebral 
Jihro-cartilarjes,  Intervertebral  discs,  Ligamen'ta 
intervertebra' Ha.  These  organs  are  of  a  fibro- 
cartilaginous nature;  sections  of  a  cylinder; 
flexible;  whitish;  resisting;  and  situate  between 
the  bodies  of  the  vertebra, — from  the  space  be- 
tween the  second  and  third  as  far  as  that  be- 
tween the  last  vertebra  and  sacrum.  Their  form 
is  accommodated  to  that  of  the  vertebra  with 
which  they  are  in  connexion ;  so  that,  in  the 
neck  and  loins,  they  are  oval,  whilst  in  the  dorsal 
region  thej"^  are  nearly  circular. 

Intervertebral  Discs,  Intervertebral  carti- 
lages —  I.  fibro-cartilages,  Intervertebral  carti- 
lages. 

INTESTABILIS,  Castratus. 

INTESTATUS,  Castratus. 

INTESTIN,  Intestine. 

INTES'TINAL,  Intestina'Hs,  from  infus,  'with- 
in.' That  which  belongs  to  the  intestines, —  as 
intestinal  canal,  &c.  Bordeu  uses  the  term  Poiils 
intestinal  for  a  pulse,  which  he  conceived  to  an- 
nounce an  approaching  crisis  by  the  intestines. 

Intestinal  Juice,  Succus  enterieus. 

Intestinal  Tdbe  or  Tract,  Cana'lis  seu  Trac- 
tiis  intesii'no'rum.  The  canal  formed  by  the  in- 
testines from  the  pyloric  orifice  of  the  stomach  to 
the  anus. 

INTES'TINE,  Intesti'nim,  En'teron,  Chorda, 
Gut,  Nedi/ia  (pi.),  Pan'ticea  (pi.),  Boel'li  (pi.), 
Bowel,  (F.)  Intestin,  Boyaii.  A  mnsculo-mem- 
branous  canal,  variously  convoluted,  which  ex- 
tends from  the  stomach  to  the  anus,  and  is  situate 
in  the  abdominal  cavity;  the  greater  part  of 
which  it  fills.  In  man,  its  length  is  six  or  eight 
times  that  of  the  body.  It  is  divided  into  two 
principal  portions,  called  small  intestine  and  large 
intestine.  The  former,  Intesti'nxim  ten'ue,  I.grac'- 
ile,  (F.)  Intestin  grele,  constituting  nearly  four- 
fifths  of  the  whole  length,  begins  at  the  stomach 
and  terminates  in  the  right  iliac  region.  It  is 
divided  into  duodenum,  jejunum  and  ileum.  Some 
anatomists  give  the  name  small  intestine  to  the 
last  two  only :  which  are  kept  in  place  by  the 
mesentery,  and  form  a  large  paqnet,  occupying 
the  umbilical  and  hypogastric  regions,  a  part  of 
the  flanks,  of  the  iliac  regions,  and  of  the  cavity 
of  the  pelvis.  It  is  composed  of,  1.  A  serous 
membrane,  which  is  peritoneal.  2.  Of  a  muscu- 
lar coat,  whose   fibres   are  very  pale,  and  are 


placed,  in  part,  longitudinally ;  but  the  greater 
part  transversely.  3.  Of  a  whitish,  mucous  niem- 
brane;  villous,  and  forming  folds  or  valves  — 
vnlvulcB  conniventes  —  at  its  inner  surface,  and 
furnished  with  a  considerable  number  of  mu- 
cous follicles,  called  glands  of  Lieberkiihn, 
{C>'7/pts  or  Follicles  of  Lieberkiihn,)  and  Brun- 
ner,  and,  with  those  of  Peyer.  The  arte- 
ries of  the  small  intestine  proceed  from  the  su- 
perior mesenteric ;  its  veins  open  into  the  vena 
porta.  Its  nerves  proceed  from  the  superior  me- 
senteric plexus.  The  large  intestine,  Intesti'mim 
crassu7n,  Megaloca'lia,  (F.)  Gros  intestin,  forms  a. 
sequence  to  the  small.  It  is  much  shorter,  and 
is  solidly  attached  in  the  regions  of  the  abdomen 
which  it  occupies.  It  begins  in  the  right  iliao 
region;  ascends  along  the  right  flank,  till  be- 
neath the  liver,  when  it  crosses  the  upper  part 
of  the  abdomen,  descends  into  the  left  iliac  fossa, 
and  plunges  into  the  pelvic  cavity,  to  gain  the 
anus.  The  great  intestine  is  usually  divided  into 
three  portions, — the  cmcnm,  colon  and  rectum.  It 
receives  its  arteries  from  the  superior  and  infe- 
rior mesenteries.  Its  veins  open  into  the  vena 
porta.  Its  nerves  are  furnished  by  the  mesente- 
ric plexuses.  Its  lymphatic  vessels,  which  are 
much  less  numerous  than  those  of  the  small  in- 
testine, pass  into  the  ganglions  or  glands  seated 
between  the  different  reflections  of  the  perito- 
neum, which  fix  it  to  the  abdominal  parietes. 
The  use  of  the  intestines  is,- — in  the  vpper  part, 
to  effect  the  chylification  of  the  food  and  the  ab- 
sorption of  the  chyle; — in  the  lower,  to  serve  as 
a  reservoir,  where  the  excrementitious  portion  of 
the  food  collects  ;  and,  also,  as  an  excretory  duct, 
which  efl^ects  its  expulsion. 

INTESTINORUM  L^VITAS,  Lientery. 

INTESTINULA  CEREBRI,  Anfraetuosities 
(cerebral) — i.  Meibomii,  Meibomius,  glands  of. 

INTESTINULUM,  Funiculus  umbilicalis. 

INTESTINUM  CELLULATUM,  Colon— i, 
Circumvolutum,  Ileon  —  i.  Crassum,  Colon,  see 
Intestine  —  i.  Gracile,  see  Intestine  —  i.  Grande, 
Colon  —  i.  Laxum,  Colon  —  i.  Majus,  Colon — i. 
Medium,  Mesentery — i.  Plenum,  Colon — i.  Rec- 
tum, Rectum — i.  Tenue,  see  Intestine. 

INTIMUM  UNGUIS,  Nail,  root  of  the. 

INTONATIO  INTESTINALIS,  Borboryg- 
mus. 

INTORSIO,  Distorsion. 

INTOXICATIO,  Poisoning— i.Arsenicalis,  \r- 
senicismus— i.  Opiaea,  Meconismus — i.  Saturnina, 
Saturnismus. 

INTOXICATION,  Poisoning,  Temulentia— i*. 
des  Marais,  see  Miasm. 

IN  TOXICA  TION  SA  TURNINE.  Lead  p  oi- 
soning;  saturnine  cachexy.  The  aggregate  of 
symptoms  which  present  themselves  prior  to  an 
attack  of  lead  colic.  —  Tanquerel  des  Planches. 

INTRALINGUAL  SALIVARY  GLANDS, 
see  Salivary  glands. 

INTRALOB'ULAR, /«^rrt?o6»?a'n»/  from  in- 
fra, 'within,'  and  lubulus,  'a  lobule.'  Relating 
to  the  space  within  a  lobule  : — as  the  "intralobu- 
lar veins,"  vencB  seu  ven'nla;  intrnlobula'res  seu 
centra'les,  of  the  Ifver  :  —  veins  which  communi- 
cate with  the  interlobular  veins,  and  are  the  ra" 
dicles  of  the  hepatic  veins.  ^ 

INTRA-PELVIO  TliOCHANTERIEN,  Ob- 
turator internus. 

INTRA-U'TERINE,  Intrailferi'vus;  from  in- 
tra, 'within,'  and  uterus,  'the  womb.'  Thkt 
which  takes  place  within  the  womb  —  as  'intra- 
uterine life.' 

INTRICATURA,  Decussation. 

INTRIN'SIC,  Intrin'secus;  from  intra,  'with- 
in,' and  secvs,  '  towards.'  Applied  to  the  internal 
muscles  of  certain  organs ;   as  those  of  the  ear. 


INTROITUS 


484 


lODIIS^E 


longue,   and  larynx.     Linnseus  gave  the  name 
Intrin'seed  to  internal  diseases. 

IXTROITUS  PELVIS,  see  Pelvis— i.  Vaginae, 
Rima  vulvag. 

I^'^TROMIS'SIO]Sr,  Intromis'sto;  from  intro, 
'  vfithin,'  and  mitto,  '  I  send.'  The  act  of  intro- 
ducing one  body  into  another,  as  Intromissio  Pe- 
nis, (F.)  Intromission  de  la  Verge. 

INTROSUSCEPTIO,  Intussusceptio  —  i.  En- 
tropium,  Entropion. 

INTUBUM,  Cichorium  endivia — i.  Erraticum, 
Cichorium  intybus. 

INTUMES'CEI\''CB,  Jntumescen'tia,  Onco'sis, 
Dionco'sis,  from  intumescere,  (in,  and  tumescere,) 
'  to  swell.'  Augmentation  of  size  in  a  part  or  in 
the  whole  of  the  body.  Sauvages  uses  the  word 
Jntumescen'ticB  for  an  order  of  diseases,  in  which 
he  comprehends  polysarcia,  pneumatosis,  ana- 
sarca, cedema,  physeonia,  and  pregnancy. 

IKTUMESCENTIA  GANGLIFORMIS,  Gan- 
glion of  Gasser,  see  Facial  nerve — i.  Lactea  Mam- 
maram,  Sparganosis  —  i.  Lienis,  Splenoncus — i. 
Semilunaris.  Ganglion  of  Gasser. 

INTUS  INVERSUS,  Transposition  of  the  vis- 
cera. 

INTUSSUSCEP'TIO,  from  intus,  'within,' 
and  euscipio,  'I  receive.'  Introsuscep'tio.  In 
physiology;  —  the  mode  of  increase  peculiar  to 
organized  bodies.  In  pathology,  like  Convol'vu- 
lua,  Yol'vulus  intestino'rtim,  Susccpj' tio  intestino' - 
rum,  Ohordap'sus,  Enteroparisago' ge,  Parisago'ge 
intestino' run,  Indigita'tio,  Torrnen'tv.m,  and  Inva- 
gina'tio,  it  means  the  introduction  of  one  part  of 
the  intestinal  canal  into  another,  which  serves  it 
as  a  sort  of  vagina  or  sheath.  Generally,  it  is 
the  upper  part  of  the  small  intestine,  which  is  re- 
ceived into  the  lower,  when  the  intussusception 
is  said  to  be  progres'sive.  At  times,  however,  it 
is  ret'rograde.  As  the  disease  cannot  be  posi- 
tively detected  by  the  symptoms,  it  must  be 
treated  upon  general  principles.  At  times,  the 
iuvaginated  portion  has  separated  and  been 
voided  per  anum,  —  the  patient  recovering.  The 
disease  is,  however,  of  a  very  dangerous  character. 

INTTBUM,  Cichorium  endivia. 

INTYBUS  HORTENSIS,  Cichorium  endivia, 

INULA,  see  Inula  helenium  —  i.  Britannica, 
I.  dysenterica  —  i.  Common,  I.  helenium  —  i.  Co- 
nyzsea,  I.  dysenterica. 

In'cla  Dysenteh'ica.  The  systematic  name 
of  the  Lesser  Inula,  I.  Britan'niea  seu  Gonyzce'a, 
Aster  dysenter'ieua  seu  undula'tus,  Pulica'ria 
dyaenter'ica,  Cony'za,  C.  media,  Ar'nica  Sueden'- 
sis,  Ar'nica  spu'ria,  Cuni'la  maa'cnla  seu  me'dia, 
Cnnila' go,  (F.)  Annee  antidysenterique,  Herhe  de 
Saint  Roeh.  Nat.  Ord.  Compositas.  This  plant 
was  once  considered  to  possess  great  antidysen- 
teric  virtues.  The  whole  plant  is  acrid  and  some- 
what aromatic. 

Inula  Helex'ium.  The  systematic  name  of 
the  El'ecampiane,  En'ula,  E.  camjja'na,  Elen'ium, 
Necta'rinm,  Helinium,  Aster  helen'ium  seu  offici- 
na'Us,  CorrAsar'tia  helen'ium,  Common  Inula,  (F.) 
Aunee.  The  root  In'ula  (Ph.  U.  S.)  was  formerly 
in  high  esteem  in  dyspepsia,  cachexia,  pulmonary 
affections,  &c.     It  is  now  scarcely  used. 

Inula  Lesser,  Inula  dysenterica  —  i.  Squar- 
losa,  Conyza  sqnarrosa. 

INUNCTIO,  Inunction,  Liniment. 

INUNCTION,  Innnc'tio,  Perunc'tio,  IlUt"io, 
nii'tus,  Illinit"io,  Oblinit"io,  Chrisis,  Catach'ri- 
»i9,  Liach'risis,  Epich'risis,  Unctio.  An  oint- 
ment or  a  liniment.  Also,  the  act  of  rubbing  in; 
onelion.  (F.)  Onetion. 

INUNDATIO,  Depuration. 

INUSTIO,  Cauterization,  Cauterium. 

INUSTORIUM,  Cauterium. 

iNVAG"INATED,  Invagina'tus,  from  in,  and 


vagina,  '  a  sheath.'  Applied  to  a  part  which  18 
received  into  another,  as  into  a  sheath. 

The  invaginated  or  slit  and  tail  bandageis  ono 
in  which  strips  or  tails  pass  through  appropriate 
slits  or  button-holes. 

INVAGINATIO,  Intussusceptio. 

INVALETUDO,  Infirmity.  , 

INVALID,  Valetudinary. 

INVALID  US,  Valetudinary. 

INVASIO,  Arche,  Attack,  Paroxysm. 

INVERJIINATION,  Helminthiasis. 

INVERSIO  PALPEBRARUM,  Entropion— i. 
Uteri,  Hysteroptosis,  Uterus,  inversion  of  the. 

INVERSION  BE  LA  3IATRICE,  Uterus, 
inversion  of  the. 

INVERTENTIA,  Absorbents,  Antacids. 

INVESTITURA  FUNICULI  UMBILICA- 
LIS,  see  Funiculis  umbilicalis. 

INVETERATUS,  Chronic. 

INVISCANTIA,  Incrassantia. 

INVISCA'TIO  OC'ULL  A  morbid  adhesion 
of  the  eyelids  to  each  other,  or  to  the  globe  of  the 
eye.  Also,  gluing  together  of  the  eyelids  by  a 
viscid  secretion. 

INVOLU'CRUM,  Invohimen'tum,  from  invol- 
vere,  'to  fold  in.'  A  covering;  hence  Involu'cra 
cer'ehri,  the  membranes  of  the  brain.  Involu'cra 
nervo'rum,  the  sheaths  of  the  nerves. 

Involucrum  Cordis,  Pericardium — i.  Corporis 
commune,  Integument^i.  Lingufe,  see  Tongue — 
i.  Mcmbranaceum,  Decidua  reflesa — i.  Nervorum, 
Neurilema — i.  Reti  comparatum.  Retina. 

INVOLUMENTUM,  Involuerum. 

INVOLVENTIA,  Demulcents. 

lODE,  Iodine. 

lODES,  ^ruginous. 

lODETUxM  HYDRARGYRICUM,  Hydrargyri 
iodidum  rubrum. 

lOBHYDRARGYRITE  BE  CHLORURE 
3IERCUREUX,  Mercury,  iodide  of  chloride  of. 

IODIC,  lod'icus,  (F.)  lodique.  Same  etymca 
as  Iodine.     Containing  iodine. 

IODIDUM  HYDRARGYRI  CHLORIDI, 
Mercury,  iodide  of  chloride  of — i.  Eydrargyii- 
cum,  Hydrargyri  iodidum  rubrum  —  i.  Hydrar- 
gyrosum,  Hydrargyri  iodidum. 

I'ODINE,  lo'dina,  lo'dinvm,  lodin'ium,  lo'- 
dum,  lo'dium,  lo'nium,  lo'num,  (F.)  lode;  from 
iwSrjg,  viola'ceus,  '  of  a  violet  colour,'  so  ciJled 
from  the  violet  vapour  it  exhales  when  volatil- 
ized. It  is  contained  in  the  mother  waters  of 
certain  fuci,  and  is  obtained  by  pouring  an  excess 
of  concentrated  sulphuric  acid  on  the  water  ob- 
tained by  burning  different  fuci,  lixiviating  the 
ashes  and  concentrating  the  liquor.  The  mix- 
ture is  placed  in  a  retort  to  which  a  rceei\  er  ia 
attached,  and  is  boiled.  The  iodine  passes  over 
and  is  condensed.  It  is  solid,  in  the  form  of 
plates ;  of  a  bluish  gray  colour,  of  a  metallic 
brightness,  and  smell  similar  to  that  of  the  chlo- 
ride of  sulphur.  Its  s.  g.  is  4.946.  When  heat«d, 
it  becomes  volatilized,  and  aflords  the  vapour 
which  characterizes  it.  With  oxygen  it  forms 
Iodic  acid,  and  with  hydrogen  Hydriodic  acid. 
The  tincture  of  iodine  and  the  iodides  have  been 
employed  with  great  success  in  the  treatment  of 
goitre  and  of  some  scrofulous  affections.  It  must 
be  administered  in  a  very  small  dose  and  for  a 
long  period.  It  is  said  to  be  apt,  however,  to 
induce  cholera  morbus,  signs  of  great  nervous 
irritability,  and  emaciation  of  the  mammse. 
When  these  symptoms,  collectively  termed  J'o- 
disni,  lodo'sis,  and  lodin'ia,  are  urgent,  the  doso 
may  be  diminished,  or  it  may  be  wholly  discon- 
tinued, and  afterv/ards  resumed. 


lODOGXOSIS 


485 


IRIS 


Various  preparations  of  iron  are  employed  in 
medicine. 

TODOGNO'SIS,  (F.)  lodognosie ;  from  iodine, 
and  yviDfl-if,  'knowledge.'  A  knowledge  of  iodine 
in  its  various  relations. — Dorvault. 

lODIXIA,  see  Iodine. 

lODIXIUM,  Iodine. 

lODINUM,  Iodine. 

lODIQUE,  Iodic. 

lODISM.  see  Iodine. 

lODIUM.  Iodine. 

rODOFORM,  lodo/or'minn,  (F.)  lodoforme,  so 
called  from  its  analogy  to  chloroform.  It  is  ob- 
tained by  the  reaction  on  each  other  of  iodine, 
bicarbonate  of  potassa,  water,  and  alcohol.  It  is 
in  crystalline  plates,  of  a  beautiful  citrine  colour; 
and  may  be  given  in  the  same  cases  as  the  other 
preparations  of  iodine.  Dose,  one  grain  three 
times  a  day.  It  is  the  sesqui-oside  of  carbon. 
See  Carbonis  sesqui-iodidum. 

lODOHYDRARGYRATB  OF  POTASSIUM, 
see  Iodine. 

lODOSIS,  see  Iodine. 

lODUM,  Iodine. 

10 DURE  PLOMBIQUE,  Plumbi  iodidum. 

lODURETUM   AMMONIA,    see  Iodine  — i. 
Amyli,  see  Iodine  —  i.  Hydrargyrosum,  Hydrar- 
gvri  iodidum — i.  Sulphuris,  see  Iodine. 
"lODYMUS,  Dicephalus. 

ION,  Viola. 

IONIA,  Teucrium  chamsepitvs. 

lONID'IUM  MARCUCCI,  'CinclmnchulU  —  a. 
South  American  plant.  Sex.  Syst.  Pentandria 
Monogynia;  Nat.  Ord.  Violarise ;  said  to  be  ex- 
tremely efficacious  in  the  Mai  de  San  Lazaro  of 
Colombia. 

IONIUM,  Iodine. 

lONTA.  see  Excretion. 

lON'THUS,  Varus,  Violet  Eruption,  from  lov, 
'the  violet,'  and  avQog,  'a.  flower,'  or  ovdog,  'foul- 
ness.' An  unsuppurative,  tubercular  tumour  ; 
stationary ;  chiefly  on  the  face.  A  genus  in  the 
class  Hcrmatica,  order  Phlogotica  of  Good. 

loNTHUs  CoRYMBiFER,  Gutta  rosea — i.  Varus, 
Acne. 

lONUM,  Iodine. 

lOTACIS'MUS,  from  the  Greek  letter  Iota. 
Defective  articulation,  —  the  patient  cot  being 
able  to  pronounce  the  palatals  j  and  g  soft. 

IPECAC,  Apocynum  andros^mifolium,  Eu- 
phorbia corollata,  Gillenia  trifoliata,  Ipecacuan- 
ha, Triosteum. 

IPECACUAN'HA.  In  common  parlance,  often 
abridged  to  Ipecac.  The  pharmacopoeial  name 
of  the  CepJiae'lis  ipiecacuan'ha,  Callicoc'ca  Ipe- 
cacuan'ha,  Cagosanga,  Nat.  Ord.  Cinchonaceas. 
It  is  also  obtained  from  the  PsycJio'tria  emet'ica 
of  Peru.  The  odour  of  the  root,  Ipecacuau'ha 
root,  Ip>ecacacuan'hcB  radix,  Radix  Brazilien'sis, 
—  Ipecacuanhn,  (Ph.  U.  S.)  —  is  faint  and  pecu- 
liar ;  taste  bitter,  subacrid,  and  mucilaginous ; 
both  water  and  alcohol  extract  its  virtues,  which 
depend  on  a  peculiar  principle,  called  Emet'ia. 
It  is  emetic  in  large  doses ;  sudorific  in  smaller. 
Dose,  as  an  emetic,  gr.  xx  to  xxx,  —  alone,  or 
united  with  gr.  i  to  ij.  of  tartarized  antimony. 

Ipecactianha,  Euphorbia  corollata  —  i.  Bas- 
tard, Asclepias  curassavica,  Triosteum  perfolia- 
tum — i.  Blanc  de  I' He  de  France,  Asclepias  asth- 
matica — i.  Blanc  de  St.  Domingue,  Asclepias  cu- 
rassavica —  i.  of  the  Isle  of  France,  Cynanchum 
Tomitorium. 

Ipecacuan'ha,  White,  is  obtained  from  diffe- 
rent species  of  Richardsonia  and  lonidium.  Vi'- 
ola  ipecacuan'ha  sen  Solea  ipecacuan'ha  seu  Pom- 
ha'lea  ipecacuan'ha,  also  affords  it.  It  is  weaker 
than  the  gray. 

IPO,  Upas. 


IPOMCEA  JALAPA,  Convohnilus  jalapa  —  i, 
Macrorrhiza,  Convolvulus  Jalapa. 

IRA,  Rage. 

IRACUNDUS,  Rectus  externus  oculi. 

IRAL'GIA;  Ireal'gia,  Iridal'gia,  from  ipij^, 
'  the  iris,'  and  a\yos,  '  pain.'     Pain  in  the  iris. 

IRASCIBLE,  Rectus  externus  oculi. 

IREALGIA,  Iralgia. 

IREONCION,  Iriancistron. 

IRIANCIS'TRON,  Iridancist'ron,  Ireon'cion, 
from  ipi;,  and  ayKiarpfiv,  'a  hook.'  A  hooked  in- 
strument, used  by  Schlagintweit  in  the  formation 
of  an  artificial  pupil. 

IRID^'A  EDU'LIS.  One  of  the  Algse,  eaten 
in  Scotland  and  the  southwest  of  England. 

IRIDALGIA,  Iralgia. 

IRIDANCISTRON,  Iriancistron. 

IRIDAUXE'SIS,  from  Iris,  I'ridis,  and  aufij- 
<7(f,  '  augmentation  ;'  Staphylo'ma  I'ridis,  Sta- 
p)hylo'ma  U'vem,  Iridonco'sis,  Lymphon'ctts  I'ri- 
dis. Exudation  of  fibrin  into  the  tissue  of  the  iris. 

IRIDECTOMEDIALYSIS,  see  Coretomia. 

IRIDECTOMIA,  Coretomia. 

IRIDENCLEISIS,  see  Coretomia. 

IRIDENCLEISMUS,  see  Coretomia. 

IRIDERE'MIAjfrom  ipif,and  eprj/iog,  'deprived 
of;'  Iridostere' sis.  Absence  of  iris,  either  appa- 
rent or  real. 

IRIDOCELE,  Ptosis  iridis. 

IRIDOCOLOBOMA,  Coloboma  iridis. 

IRIDODIALYSIS,  Coretomia. 

IRIDOMALA'CIA,  from  igig,  'the  iris,'  and 
liakaKia,  '  softness.'  MoUescence  or  softening  of 
the  iris. 

IRIDOMELANO'MA,  Mdomelano'sis,  from 
ipii,  'the  iris,'  and  fitkaveiv,  'to  colour  black.' 
The  deposition  of  black  matter  on  the  tissue  of 
the  iris. 

IRIDONCO'SIS,  Mdon'eus,  Hyperonco' sis  Iri- 
dis,  from  ipif,  '  the  iris,'  and  oyKog,  '  a  swelling.' 
Tumefaction  or  thickening  of  the  iris.     Also,  Iri- 

IRlboNCUS,  Iridoncosis. 

IRIDOPERIPHAKI'TIS;  ?rom  ipig,  'the  iris,' 
Ticpi,  'around,'  and  pi^acitis,  inflammation  of  the 
lens.  Inflammation  of  the  anterior  hemisphere 
of  the  capsule  of  the  lens. 

IRIDOPTOSIS,  Ptosis  iridis. 

IRIDOR'RHAGAS,  Iridorrho'ge,  Iridor'rhox, 
Iridoschis'ma,  Fissu'ra  I'ridis,  from  ipig,  'iris,' 
and  payag,  'a  fissure.'     Fissure  of  the  u-is. 

IRIDORRHOGE,  Iridorrhagas. 

IRIDORRHOX,  Iridorrhagas. 

IRIDOSCHISMA,  Iridorrhagas. 

IRIDOSTEBESIS,  Irideremia. 

IRIDOTENCLEISIS,  Coretomia. 

IRIDOTOMIA,  Coretomia. 

IRIDOTROMUS,  Hippus. 

IRIS,  (gen.  I'ridis)  Gramme.  So  called  from  its 
resembling  the  rainbow  in  a  variety  of  colours. 
A  membrane,  stretched  vertically  at  the  anterior 
part  of  the  eye,  in  the  midst  of  the  aqueous  hu- 
mour, in  which  it  forms  a  kind  of  circular,  flat 
partition,  separating  the  anterior  from  the  poste- 
rior  chamber.  It  is  perforated  by  a  circular 
opening  called  the  pupil,  which  is  constantly  va- 
rying its  dimensions,  owing  to  the  varying  con- 
tractions of  the  fibres  of  the  iris.  Its'  posterioi 
surface  has  been  called  uvea,  from  the  thick, 
black  varnish  which  covers  it.  The  gi-eater  cir- 
cumference of  the  iris  is  adherent  to  the  ciliary 
processes  and  circle.  It  has  an  external  plane  of 
radiated  fibres  and  an  internal  one  of  circular 
fibres,  which  serve  —  the  one  to  dilate,  the  other 
to  contract  the  aperture  of  the  pupil.  The  iris 
receives  the  irian  nerves.  Its  arteries  are  fur- 
nished by  the  long  ciliary  arteries  which  form  tVQ 


lEIS 


486 


IKRITABLE 


circles  hj  their  anastomoses ;  the  one  very  broad, 
ii-iar  the  great  circumference;  the  other,  smaller, 
and  seated  around  the  circumference  of  the  pupil. 
Xhe  veins  of  the  iris  empty  themselves  into  the 
Tasa  vorticosa,  and  into  the  long  ciliary  veins. 
The  use  of  the  iris  seems  to  be,  —  to  regulate  by 
its  dilatation  or  contraction,  the  quantity  of  lu- 
minous rays  necessary  for  distinct  vision.  The 
different  colours  of  the  iris  occasion  the  variety 
in  the  colours  of  the  human  eye. 

Iris,  see  Herpes  Iris  —  i.  Common,  I.  Germa- 
niea  —  i.  Commun,  I.  Germanica  —  i.  de  Florence, 
I.  Florentina. 

Ims  Florenti'na,  Florentine  iris  or  orris,  (P.) 
Iris  de  Florence.  The  rhizoma  of  this  plant  is 
extremely  acrid  in  its  recent  state ;  and,  when 
chewed,  excites  a  pungent  heat  in  the  mouth,  that 
continues  for  several  hours.  When  dried,  the 
acrimony  is  lost,  or  nearly  so,  and  the  smell  is 
very  agreeable.  It  is  indebted  to  its  agreeable 
flavour  for  its  retention  in  the  pharmacopoeias, 
although  it  is  ranked  as  an  expectorant. 

Iris  Fai;TiDis'siMA,/./ce'f?'rfa,  Sr>ctth'idaf<x'tida, 
Xyris,  Stinking  iris,  [Y.)  Iris'puant,  Glayexdimant. 
The  root  has  been  esteemed  antispasmodic  and 
narcotic. 

luis  Gekjian'ica.  The  systematic  name  of  the 
Floioer-de-Luce,  Iris  nostras,  Aier'sa,  Iris  vulga'- 
ris,  Common  iris  or  orris,  Gladi'olus  cceru'leus, 
(F.)  Iris  commun,  Flamhe.  The  fresh  roots  have 
a  disagreeable  smell  and  an  acrid,  nauseous  taste. 
They  are  powerfully  cathartic,  and  are  given  in 
dropsies,  where  such  remedies  are  indicated. 

Iris  Lacds'tris,  Dwarf-flag,  Dwarf  lake-iris; 
has  the  properties  of  I.  versicolor. 

Iris,  Lake,  Dwarf,  I.  lacustris  —  i.  Lutea,  I. 
pseudacorus. 

IRIS  DBS  MARAIS,  I.  pseudacorus  —  i.  Nos- 
tras, I.  Germanica  —  i.  Palustris,  I.  pseudacorus. 

Iris  Pseudac'orus.  The  systematic  name  of 
the  Yellow  water-flag,  Iris  palns'tris  seu  lu'tea, 
Gladi'olus  lu'teus,  Ac'orus  vulga'ris  seu  adulteri'- 
nus  seu  palus'lris,  Pseudac'orus,  Bii'tomon,  (F.) 
Iris  des  marais.  Faux  acore,  Flamhe  bdtard,  Acore 
hdtard.  The  root  has  an  acrid,  styptic  taste.  It 
is  an  errhine,  sialogogue,  and  acrid  astringent. 
The  expressed  juice  is  diuretic,  and  said  to  be  a 
useful  application  to  serpiginous  and  other  cuta- 
neous affections.  Rubbed  on  the  gums,  or  chewed, 
it  is  said  to  cure  toothache. 

IRIS  PUANT,  I.  foetidissima  — i.  Stinking, 
I,  foetidissima. 

Iris  Versic'olor,  Blue  flag.  The  rhizoma  of 
this  is  an  active  cathartic,  and  has  been  much 
used,  as  such,  by  the  American  Indians.  It  is 
reputed  to  be  diuretic. 

Iris  Vulgaris,  I.  Germanica. 

IRISITIS,  Iritis. 

IPiI'TIS,  Inflammation  of  the  iris,  Inflamma'tio 
I'ridis,  Irisi'tis.  The  chief  symptoms  are ;  — 
change  in  the  colour  of  the  iris  ;  fibres  less  mova- 
ble ;  tooth-like  processes  shooting  into  the  pupil; 
pupil  irregularly  contracted,  with  the  ordinary 
signs  of  inflammation  of  the  eye.  If  the  inflam- 
mation do  not  yield,  suppuration  takes  jdace ; 
and,  although  the  matter  may  be  absorbed,  the 
iris  remains  immovable.  It  is  often  caused  by 
Byphilis.  The  general  principles  of  treatment 
are,  to  deplete  largely  and  exhibit  mercury  freely; 
along  with  attention  to  other  means  advisable  in 
ophthalmia.  The  free  use  of  quinia  is  sometimes 
serviceable.  When  the  inflammation  is  seated  in 
the  serous  covering  of  the  iris,  it  is  termed  Iritis 
lero'sa 

IROX,  Ferrum  — i.  Acetate  of,  Fcrri  acetas  — 
I.  and  Alumina,  sulphate  of,  Ferri  et  aluminis 
■alphas  —  i.  Ammoniated,  Ferrum  ammoniatum 
—  i.  Ammonio-oitrate  of,  Ferri  ammonio-citras  — 
L  A  auaonio- chloride  of,  Ferrum  ammoniatum  — 


i.  Ammonio-tartrate  of,  Ferri  ammonio-tartras — > 
i.  and  Ammonia,  citrate  of,  Ferri  ammonio-citras 

—  i.  and  Quinia  Hydriodate  of,  see  Iodine  —  L 
Bromide  of,  see  Bromine  —  i.  Carbonate  of,  sac- 
charine, Ferri  proto-carbonas  —  i.  Carburet  of, 
Graphites  —  i.  Black  oxide  of,  Oxydum  ferri  ni- 
grum—  i.  Citrate  of,  Ferri  citras  —  i.  Citrate  of 
the  magnetic  oxide  of,  see  Ferri  ammonio-citras 

—  i.  Ferrocyanuret  of,  Prussian  blue  —  i.  Ferro- 
prussiate  of,  Prussian  blue  —  i.  Filings,  puriiied, 
Ferri  limatura  purificata  —  i.  Hj'drated  oxide  of, 
Ferrum  oxydatum  hydratum  —  i.  Ilj'drated  per- 
oxide of,  Ferrum  oxydatum  hydratum  —  i.  Hy- 
drated  tritoxide  of,  Ferrum  oxj-datum  bj'dratum 
— i.  Hydriodate  of,  Fcrri  iodidum — i.  Hydro-oxide 
of,  Ferrum  oxydatum  hydratum  —  i.  Iodide  of, 
see  Iodine  —  i.  Iodide  of,  Ferri  iodidum  — i.  lo- 
duret  of,  Ferri  iodidum  —  i.  Lactate  of,  Ferri  lac- 
tas  —  i.  Liquor,  Ferri  acetas — i.  and  Magnesia, 
citrate  of,  Ferri  et  Jlagnesise  citras  —  i.  Nitrate 
of,  solution  of,  see  Tinctura  Ferri  muriatis  —  i. 
Peroxide  of,  Ferri  subcarbonas  —  i.  Phosphate  of, 
Ferri  phosphas  —  i.  Pills  of,  compound,  Pilulaa 
ferri  compositae — i.  Potassio- citrate  of,  see  Ferri 
ammonio-citras —  i.  Protocarbonate  of,  Ferri  pro- 
tocarbonas  —  i.  Protoxide  of,  lactate  of,  Ferri  lae- 
tas  —  i.  Pyrites,  Ferri  sulphuretnm  —  i.  and  Qui- 
nia, citrate  of,  Ferri  et  Quinige  citras  —  i.  and 
Quinia,  hydriodate  of,  see  Quinia,  iodide  of  iod- 
hydrate  of — i.  Sesquinitrate  of,  Solution  of,  see 
Tinctura  ferri  muriatis — i.  Sesquioxide  of,  Ferri 
subcarbonas — i.  Sodio-citrate  of,  see  Ferri  ammo- 
nio-citras—  i.  Sulphate  of,  Ferri  sulphas  —  i. 
Sulphuret  of,  Ferri  sulphuretum  —  i.  Tannate  of, 
Ferri  tannas — i.  Tartarized,  Ferrum  tartarizatum 

—  i.  Ternitrate  of,  solution  of,  see  Tinctura  ferri 
muriatis  —  i.  Trito-hydro-ferrocyanate  of,  Prus- 
sian blue  —  i.  and  Potass,  tartrate  of,  Ferrum  tar- 
tarizatum—  i.  Valerianate  of,  Ferri  valerianas  — 
i.  Weed,  Vernonia  Noveboracensis. 

IRREDU'CIBLE,  (F.)  Irreducible.  An  epi- 
thet given  to  fractures,  luxations,  herniae,  &c., 
when  they  cannot  be  reduced. 

IRREDUCIBLE,  Irreducible. 

IRREG'ULAR,  Irregula'ris,  Anom'alous;  from 
im,  'privative,'  and  regxda,  'a  rule.'  A  term 
chiefly  applied  to  the  types  of  a  disease;  and, 
also,  to  the  pulse,  when  its  beats  are  separated  by 
unequal  intervals. 

Irreg'ulah  Practit"ioxer.  One  who  does  not 
practise  his  profession  according  to  rules  sanc- 
tioned bv  law  or  custom. 

IRREMEDIABLE,  Incurable. 

IRREPTIO,  Attack. 

IRRIGA'TION,  Irriga'tio,  Emlroca'tio,  Irro- 
ra'tio  :  '  the  act  of  watering  or  moistening.'  The 
methodical  application  of  water  to  an  affected 
part,  to  keep  it  constantly  wet. 

IRRITABILITAS,  Irritability  — i.  Morbosa, 
see  Subsultus  tendinum  —  i.  Vesicae,  Cysterethis- 
mus. 

IRRITABIL'ITY,  Irritabil'itas,  from  irrito, 
(('»,  'privative,'  and  ritus,  'the  usual  manner,') 
'  I  provoke.'  Vis  irritabilita'tis,  Vis  Vit(r,  Vis 
in'sita  of  Haller,  Vis  vita'lis  of  Gorter,  Oscil- 
la'tio  of  Boerhaave,  Tonic  poioer  of  Stahl.  Vita 
pro'pria,  Inherent  power.  Contractu' itij,  Excita- 
bil'ity,  <fec.  A  power,  possessed  by  all  living,  or- 
ganized bodies,  of  being  acted  upon  by  certain 
stimuli,  and  of  moving  responsive  to  stimulation. 
It  is  the  ultimate  vital  property. 

IR'RITABLE,  Irritab'ilis.  That  which  is  en- 
dowed with  irritability.  Every  living  organized 
tissue  is  irritable ;  that  is,  capable  of  feeling  an 
appropriate  stimulus,  and  of  moving  responsive  to 
such  stimulus.  Irritable  is  often  used  in  the  sanio 
sense  as  impressible,  as  when  we  speak  of  an  irri- 
table person,  or  habit,  or  temper.  This  List  con- 
dition  has    been    variously   termed  —  Debilitaa 


IRRITAMES" 


487 


isanio 


nervo'sa,  D.  EretJiis'ica,  Hypercine' sia  nervo'sa, 
Nearastheni'a,  Neurostheni'a,  Senaihil'itas  aitoiii'- 
ala,  S.  Morho'sn,  S.  aucta. 

IRRITAMEN,  Irritant,  Stimulus. 

IRRITAMENTUM,  Erethism,  Irritant,  Sti- 
mulus —  i.  Metallicum,  Galvanism. 

IR'RITANT,  Irri'tans,  Irrita'men,  Irritamen- 
iwn.  That  which  causes  irritation  or  pain,  heat 
and  tension;  either  mechanically,  as  punctures, 
acupuncture,  or  scarification ;  chemically,  as  tho 
alkalies  and  acids ;  or  in  a  specific  manner,  as 
eantharides. 

Irritants  are  of  great  use  in  the  treatment  of 
disease. 

IRRITATING  POISON,  see  Poison. 

IRRITATIO,  Erethism,  Gargale,  Irritation. 

IRRITA'TION,  Irrita'tio,  Erethis'mus.  The 
state  of  a  tissue  or  organ,  in  which  there  is  ex- 
cess of  vital  movement;  commonly  manifested 
by  increase  of  the  circulation  and  sensibility. 
Broussais  defines  irritation  to  be  ;  —  the  condition 
of  an  organ,  the  excitation  of  which  is  carried  to 
so  high  a  degree,  that  the  equilibrium  resulting 
from  the  balance  of  all  the  functions  is  broken. 
In  this  signification,  he  also  uses  the  word  siir- 
irritation,  which  he  considered  as  a  higher  de- 
gree, and  as  the  essential  cause  of  fever.  Irrita- 
tion is  the  percursor  of  inflammation. 

Irrita'tiox,  Morbid,  Constitu' tiunal  irritation, 
Ir'ritative  fever,  Pseudo-fever,  is  that  excitement 
which  occurs  after  injuries  done  to  the  body,  or 
to  any  part  thereof;  —  constituting  cases  of  dis- 
eased sympatJn/. 

IRRITATIVE  FEVER,  Irritation,  morbid. 

IRRORATIO,  Irrigation. 

IS,  Fibre. 

ISA'TIS  TINCTO'RIA,  Wood,  Pastel.  A  Eu- 
ropean plant,  whose  leaves  have  a  fugitive  pun- 
gent smell,  and  an  acrid  durable  taste.  They  are 
not  used,  however,  in  medicine  at  the  present 
day ;  but  are  the  source  of  the  dye-stuff,  looad. 

ISC  A,  Boletus  igniarius. 

ISCH^'MIA,  from  iax<ji,  'I  retain,'  and  'aijxa, 
'blood.'  Morbid  retention  or  suppression  of  an 
habitual  flux  of  blood,  as  of  the  hemorrhoidal  or 
menstrual  flux  or  of  epistaxis.  See  Ha3matosta- 
tiea. 

ISCH^'MON,  IschcE'miim.  Same  etymon.  A 
medicine  which  restrains  or  stops  bleeding. 

IS'CHESIS,  from  icx^iv,  'to  retain.'  Suppres- 
sion or  retention  of  a  discharge  or  secretion. 

IS'CHIA,  MINERAL  WATERS  OP.  In  this 
volcanic  isle,  five  miles  from  Naples,  there  are 
several  thermal  waters,  one  of  which  —  that  of 
Gurgitello  —  raises  the  thermometer  of  Fahr.  to 
167°. 

ISCHIACUS,  Isehiatie. 

ISCHIADICUS  MORBUS,  Neuralgia  femoro- 
poplitsea  —  i.  Nervus,  Sciatic  nerve. 

ISCHIADOCELE,  Ischioeele. 

ISCHIAGRA,  Is'chias,  Jschial'g-ia,  from  lax^ov, 
'the  haunch,'  and  aypa,  'a  seizure.'  A  name 
given  to  isehiatie  gout.  Femoro-popliteal  neu- 
ralgia has,  also,  been  so  called. 

ISCHIALGIA,  Ischiagra,  Neuralgia  femoro- 
poplita3a. 

ISCHIAS,  Ischiagra  —  i.  Nervosa  Antica,  Neu- 
ralgia femoro-prastibialis  —  i.  Nervosa  Cotunnii, 
Neuralgia  femoro-popliteea  —  i.  Nervosa  digitalis. 
Neuralgia  cubito-digitalis  —  i.  Nervosa  postica, 
Neuralgia  femoro-poplitsea  —  i.  a  Sparganosi, 
Phlegmatia  dolens. 

ISCillAT'IC,  Iscldad'ic,  lachiat'icus,  IscJiiad'- 
icus,  IscJiiaeiis,  Sciat'ic,  from  KT^iov,  '  the  haunch;' 
whence  the  word  Sciatic.  An  epithet  given  to 
parts  connected  with  the  ischium.  The  Sciatic 
Notches,     (F.)    Echancrurea    Ischiatiques,    are 


formed  by  this  bone;  the  Ischiatic  Si  i:te  belongs 
to  it,  and  gives  attachment  to  the  small  sacrosci- 
atic  ligament.  The  Tuberos'ity  of  the  Ischium, 
Os  sedenta'riwn.  Tuber  Is'cliii,  (F.)  Tvheroaite 
sciatiqne,  is  formed  by  it.  It  receives  the  inser- 
tions of  different  muscles  of  the  thigh,  and  forma 
the  projection  on  which  the  body  rests  when 
seated. 

Ischiatic  Arteby,  Sciat'ic  Ar'tery,  (F.)  Arth-o 
Femoro-Poplitee  (Ch.)  arises  singlj'  from  the  hy- 
pogastric, or  with  the  gluteal;  and  seems  to  be 
really  a  continuation  of  the  trunk  of  the  hypo- 
gastric. It  issues  from  the  pelvis,  at  the  lower 
part  of  the  great  sciatic  notch ;  and,  afterwards, 
divides  into  a  considerable  number  of  branches, 
which  are  distributed  particularly  to  the  posterior 
and  superior  region  of  the  thigh. 

Ischiatic  Region,  Sciat'ic  region;  Eegio  iscJii- 
ad'ica.     The  region  of  the  hip. 

Ischiatic  Vein  presents  the  same  arrange- 
ment as  the  artery. 

ISCHIATICUS,  Sciatic. 

ISCHIATOCELE,  Ischioeele. 

ISCHIDRO'SIS,  Sudu'ris  suppres'sio,  Oligid'- 
ria,  from  kjx'^!  'I  restrain,'  and  't^puy,  'sweat.' 
Suppression  of  perspiration. 

ISCHIOBLEN'NIA,  Iseh alien' nia,  from  lax^o, 
'I  restrain,'  and  (iXcvva,  'mucus.'  The  suppres- 
sion of  a  morbid  but  habitual  discharge  of  mucus. 

ISCHIO-CAVERNO'SUS.  Belonging  to  the 
ischium  and  corpus  cavernosum. 

Ischio-Cavernosus  muscle,  Collatera'lis,  I)i- 
rec'tor  penis,  Erec'tor  penis,  Siistenta'tor  Penis, 
Ischio-\irethral  (Ch.)  is  a  small,  long,  flat  muscle, 
which  surrounds  the  origin  of  the  corpus  caver- 
nosum. It  is  fixed  heloio  to  the  inner  side  of  the 
tuberosity  of  the  ischium,  and  above  to  the  root 
of  the  penis,  where  it  is  confounded  with  the 
fibrous  membrane  of  the  corpus  cavernosum.  It 
draws  the  root  of  the  penis  downwards  and  back- 
wards. 

Ischio-Cayernosus  of  the  female,  Erector- 
clitor'idis,  Siistenta'tor  clitor'idis,  Superior  ro- 
tun'dus  clitor'idis,  (F.)  Ischio-clitoridien,  Ischio 
sous-clitorien,  (Ch.),  is  arranged  nearly  as  in  the 
male,  but  is  less  bulky.  It  arises,  by  aponeurosis, 
from  the  tuberosity  of  the  ischium,  and  terminates 
by  embracing  the  corpus  cavernosum  of  the  cli- 
toris, to  the  erection  of  which  it  appears  to  con- 
tribute. 

ISCHIOCE'LE,  IscMatoce'le,  IscTiiadoce'U-, 
Hernia  ischia'tica ;  from  i^xiov,  'the  ischium,' 
and  Krj'Xr;,  'tumour.'  Ischiatic  hernia.  One  in 
which  the  viscera  issue  by  the  great  sciatic  notch. 
It  is  a  rare  disease.  The  protruded  parts  must 
be  reduced — the  patient  being  placed  in  a  favour- 
able position,  and  they  must  be  retained  by  a 
bandage. 

ISCHIO-CLITORIA'NUS.  That  which  is 
connected  with  the  ischium  and  clitoris. 

Ischio-Clito'rian  Artery  of  Chaussier  is  a 
division  of  the  internal  pudic,  which  furnishes 
the  two  arteries  of  the  clitoris  —  the  suj^erficial 
and  deep-seated. 

Ischio -Clitorian  Nerve,  of  the  same  pro- 
fessor, is  the  superior  branch  of  the  pudic  nerve, 
which  is  distributed  to  the  clitoris. 

ISCHIO  -  CLITORIDIEN,  Ischio  -  cavernous 
^ — i.  Coccygeus,  Coccygeus — i.  Creti-tibial,  Semi- 
tendinosus, — i.  Femoralis,  Adductor  magnus  — 
i.  Femoro-pieronier,  Biceps  flexor  cruris — ;.  Peri- 
neal, Transversus  perinsei  —  i.  Popliti-femoral, 
Semi-membranosus  —  i.  Popliti -tibial.  Semi- 
membranosus—  i.  Pretibial,  Semi-tendinosus  — 
i.  Sous-clitorien,  Ischio-cavernosus  —  i.  Suus-cro~ 
chanterien,  Quadratus  femoris  —  i.  Spiino-trcehan- 


ISCHION 


488 


ISOPATHIA 


iirien,  Iscliio-trochaiiterianus  —  t.   Urethral,   Is- 
cliio-cavernosus. 

ISCHIODYMIA,  see  Somatodymia, 
IS'CHIOX,  Ischium,  Os  ischii,  Os  coxen'dicis, 
Hip-bone,  Hackle-bone,  Seat- bone,  (F.)  Os  de 
I'assiette.  The  lowermost  of  the  three  portions 
which  compose  the  os  innominatum  in  the  foetus 
and  young  individual.  The  inferior  region  of  the 
same  bone  has,  also,  been  called  ischium,  in  the 
adult.  According  to  Hesychius,  the  ancients  de- 
signated by  the  word  iechion,  the  capsular  liga- 
ment of  the  coxo-femoral  articulatien,  as  well  as 
the  articulation  itself.  Some  derive  the  word 
from  layii,  the  lumbar  region;  others  from  the 
verb  icx'^)  'I  arrest,'  'I  retain;'  —  because  that 
bone  serves  as  a  base  or  support  for  the  trurik, 
when  we  are  seated. 
IscHiOM,  Haunch, 

ISCIIIOPA'GES,  from  Ischion,  and  -izayut,  'I 
fasten.'  A  monstrous  union  of  two  foetuses,  in 
which  they  are  attached  to  each  other  by  the 
j.-^chia.  —  G-eolfroy  St.  Hilaire.  See  Hypogastro- 
didymus. 

ISCHIOPHTHI'SIS,  Tabes  coxa'ria  seu  ischi- 
ad'ica,  Phthisis  ischiad'ica,  from  laxi-ov,  'ischium,' 
liud  2ihthisis.  Phthisis  in  consequence  of  suppu- 
ration of  the  hip  joint. 

ISCHIO-PP^OSTAT'ICUS.  Winslow,  Saneto- 
rini,  Albinus,  and  Sommering,  have  given  this 
name  to  the  fibres  of  the  transversus  perinsei 
muscle,  which  go  towards  the  prostate. 

ISCHIO-EECTAL  FOSSA,  Perineal  fossa. 
ISCHIOSIS,  Neuralgia  femoro  poplitsea. 
ISCHIO-TROCHANTERIA'NUS,  Gem'ini, 
Gemel'li.  Part  of  the  Mar8U2}ia'lis  of  Cowper; 
Car'neum  Marsu'jnum,  Ischio-spini-trochanterien, 
S'eciin'dus  et  ter'tius  quadrigem' inus,  (F.)  Muscle 
cannele,  Accessoire  d  I'obturateur  interne.  Two 
small,  fleshy  bundles,  long  and  flat,  which  arise, 
—the  superior  on  the  outside  of  the  sciatic  spine; 
the  inferior  behind  the  tuberosity  of  the  ischium. 
Both  pass  horizontally  outwards,  and  are  attached 
to  the  tendon  of  the  obturator  internus,  which 
they  accompany  into  the  fossa  of  the  trochanter. 
These  muscles  are  rotators  of  the  lower  limb  out- 
wards. They  can,  also,  turn  the  pelvis  on  the 
femur,  in  standing  on  one  foot. 
ISCHIUM,  Ischion. 

ISCHL,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  These 
springs,  which  are  in  Upper  Austria,  contain 
iodine  and  bromine. 

ISCHNOPHO'NIA,  from  ic^x^o;,  'slender,'  and 
<p(ovri,  '  voice.'  Slenderness  of  voice.  —  Hippo- 
crates, Galen. 

ISCHNOTES,  Emaciation. 
ISCHO,  icrXM,  'I  keep  back,'  'I  restrain,'  'I 
hold  firm.'     Hence  : 

ISCHOBLENNIA,  Ischioblennia. 
ISCHOCENO'SIS,  from  i^xui,  '1  arrest,'  and 
(cti'uxrij,  '  evacuation.'     Retention  or  suppression 
of  a  natural  evacuation  —  as  of  the  menses. 

ISCHOCHOL'IA,  from   (tr;^^,  'I  arrest,'  and 
Xo^ij  '  bile.'     listen' tio  bilis.     Retention  or  sup- 
pression of  the  biliary  secretion. 
ISCHOGOILIA,  Constipation. 
ISCHOCOPRIA,  Constipation. 
ISCnOGALAC'TIA,7?e/e)iVi'o?nrrt;«,from((T;^M, 
and  yaXa,  'milk.'     Want  of  milk  in  the  mammas. 
ISCIIOLO'CHIA  or   Ischolochi' a,  Lochios' che- 
»)'»,  Snpjjres'sio  lochio'rum,  from  laX'^t  'I  restrain,' 
and  Xo;^!:iot,   'the   lochial    discharge.'      Heten'tio 
lochio'rum.     Suppression  of  the  lochial  discharge. 
ISCHOMENIA,  Amenorrhea. 
ISCUONEURALGIA,  Neuralgia  femoro-pop- 

ISCHOPHONIA,  Balbuties. 
ISCHOSPER'MIA,  from  i<r;^;a),  'I  reUin,'  and 


ciTcpua,   'sperm;'   Sem'inis  reten'tio.      Retention 
or  suppression  of  the  spermatic  secretion. 

ISCHURET'IC,  Ischuret'icum-.  Same  etymon 
as  the  nest.  A  medicine  for  relieving  suppressii  a 
of  urine.     A  diuretic. 

ISCHU'RIA,  Uri'ncB  suppres' sio,  Stoppage  of 
urine,  Suppres'sio  lo'tii,  Paru'rin  retentio'nis ; 
from  io-%a),  'I  arrest,'  'I  retain,'  and  ovpov,  'urine.' 
Impossibility  of  discharging  the  urine.  Gene- 
rally restricted  to  suppression  of  the  secretion, 
or  to  renal  Ischuria  or  Anu'ria,  Anure'sis. 

Ischuria  Vera  is  that  in  which  the  urine  having 
accumulated  in  the  bladder,  the  patient  is  unable 
to  pass  it,  notwithstanding  the  inclination  which 
constantly  distresses  him.  In  false  ischuria,  Pu- 
ru'ria  inop)s,  Paru'ria  retentio'nis  renaJlia,  Ischu- 
ria notha  seu  spu'ria,  of  some,  (F.)  Sujipression 
d' Urine,  owing  to  some  disease  of  the  kidney  or 
uterus,  the  urine  cannot  reach  the  bladder. 

Ischuria  has  likewise  received  various  other 
names,  according  to  the  seat  and  character  of 
the  obstacle  which  opposes  the  exit  of  the  urine: 
hence  the  expressions  —  Renal,  Ureteric,  Vesical, 
Urethral,  and  Calculous  Ischuria.  Vesical  Ischu- 
ria is  synonymous  with  Retention  of  urine,  which 
see. 

Ischuria  Cysto-phlegwatica,  Cystirrhoea  — 
i.  Phimosica,  see  Phimosicus — i.  Spasmodica,  Cys- 
tospasmus — i.  Spuria,  see  Ischuria — i.  Urethralis 
a  phimosi,  see  Phimosicus — i.  Vera,  see  Ischuria 
— u  ^esicalis.  Retention  of  urine. 
ISINGLASS,  Ichthyocolla. 
ISIR,  Elixir. 

ISIS  NOBILIS,  see  Coral. 
ISLAND  OP  REIL,  Insula  cerebri. 
ISLE  OF  WIGHT,  CLIMATE  OF.  This 
beautiful  island  is  a  favourable  summer  retreat 
for  invalids.  Undercliff  is  the  situation  chosen 
as  a  winter  residence  for  phthisical  valetudina- 
rians. Cowes,  Niton,  Sandown,  Shanklin,  and 
Ryde,  are  delightful  summer  residences. 

ISOCH'RONOUS,  Isoch'ronus,  leochron'ius, 
Isod'romus,  from  lao?,  'equal,'  and  ;:(;po)'of,  'time.' 
That  which  takes  place  in  the  same  time,  or  in 
equal  times.  The  pulsations  of  the  arteries,  in 
various  parts  of  the  body,  are  nearly  isochronous. 
ISOCH'RYSON,  Auro  compar ;  from  ico?, 
'equal,'  and  X9'"'"'it  'gold.'  A  coUj'rium,  de- 
scribed by  Galen  as  worth  its  weight  in  gold. 
Libavius  has  also  given  this  name  to  an  amal- 
gam, made  with  equal  parts  of  antimony  and 
mercury. 

ISOC'RATES,  from  icrog,  'equal,'  and  Kcgav^v^ii, 
'I  mix.'  A  mixture  of  equal  parts  of  wine  and 
water.  —  Hippocrates. 

ISODROMUS,  Isochronous, 
ISOLUSINE,  see  Polj^gala  senega. 
ISOM'ERIC,  Isomcr'icus,  Isom'erus,  Isoma'rus, 
Isom'orus,  from  jtros,  '  equal,'  and   ntpog,  '  part,' 
An    epithet   applied   to    different   bodies   which 
agree   in    composition,   but  differ  in  properties. 
The  condition  is  termed  Isom' erism. 
ISOMEPtISM,  see  Isomeric. 
ISOMORPHISM,  sec  Isomorphous. 
ISOMOR'PHOUS,  Isomor'phus,  Isomor'pliiew, 
from  icrof,  'equal,'  and  ^wpfii,  'form.'    An  epithet 
applied  to  different  bodies  wliich  have  tlie  same 
crj'stalline  form.     The   condition  is   called  Jso- 
morphism. 

ISONANDRA  GUTTA,  see  Gutta  percha. 
ISOPATHI'A,  Isop'alhi/,  from  10-05,  'equnl,' 
and  TraOos,  '  disease.'  This  term  has  been  used 
by  some  of  the  German  writers  to  signiiy  the 
cure  of  diseases  by  the  disease  itself,  or  its  pro- 
ducts: —  under  the  hypothesis,  that  every  conta- 
gious disease  contains  in  its  contagious  matter 


ISSUE 


489 


JACTATION 


tie  means  for  its  cure ;  —  thus,  that  variola  may 
be  cured  by  homoeopathic  doses  of  variolous 
matter;  syphilis,  with  venereal  matter,  &o.,  &c. 
Others  have  given  to  isopathy  another  form;  — 
maintaining,  that  every  diseased  organ  has  its 
remedy  in  the  same  organ, — that  eating  liver,  for 
example,  will  remove  disease  of  the  liver ! 

Isopathia  has  been  used  by  an  American  writer 
—  Dr.  J.  M.  B.  Harden,  of  Georgia  —  to  mean 
"  ParaUeUsin  of  Diseases ;"  "the  disposition  of 
diseases  to  '  anastomose  with  each  other,'  or  to 
wear  each  other's  livery." 

ISSUE,  Fonticulus  —  i.  Peas,  Aurantia  curas- 
saventia,  see  Fonticulus. 

ISTHME  B  U  GOSIER,  Isthmus  of  the  fauces. 

ISTHMION,  Isthmus,  Pharynx. 

ISTHMI'TIS,  Inflamma'tio  Fau'cium,  I.  pa- 
la'ti,  Ancji' na  simplex,  Cynan'cke  simplex,  Angi'na 
mitis,  A.  faucium,  Angor  fau'cium,  (F.)  Angiiie 
simple.  Inflammation  of  the  fauces.  See  Cy- 
nanche  pharyngea,  and  Angina. 

ISTHMOCATAR'RHUS;  from  tcB^Log,  'the 
fauces,'  and  Kara^ooos,  '  catarrh.'  Catarrh  of  the 
fauces. 

ISTHMODTN'IA,  from  laQpioi,  'the  fauces,' 
and  o&vvfL,  '  pain.'  ■   Pain  in  the  fauces. 

ISTHMOPLE'GIA;  from  ladnog,  'the  fauces,' 
and  -nXnynj  '  a  stroke.'     Paralysis  of  the  fauces. 

ISTHMOS,  Pharynx. 

ISTHMOTYPHUS,  Cynanche  maligna. 

ISTHMUS,  Isth'mion.  A  tongue  of  land  join- 
ing a  peninsula  to  a  continent,  or  which  sepa- 
rates two  seas.  Anatomists  have  given  the  name 
Fauces,  Isthmus  of  the  Fauces,  Isthmus  Fau'cium, 
Olaustrum  Gut'turis,  (F.)  Isthme  (hi  gosier,  to  the 
strait  which  separates  the  mouth  from  the  pha- 
rynx. It  is  formed  above  by  the  velum  palati 
and  uvula;  at  the  sides,  by  the  pillars  of  the 
fauces  and  the  tonsils ;  and  below,  by  the  base 
of  the  tongue. 

Isthmus  op  the  Fossa  Ova'lis;  Isthmus  Vieus- 
sen'ii,  Striga  cartilagino'sa  cordis,  is  the  promi- 
nent arch  formed  above  the  fossa  ovalis  by  the 
union  of  the  two  pillars  which  bound  the  cavity. 

Isthmus  op  the  Thyroid  Gland  is  a  narrow 
hand  that  unites  the  two  chief  lobules  composing 
the  thyroid  gland. 

Isthmus  Hepatis,  see  Lobulus  anonymus  —  i. 
Urethrse,  see  Urethra — i.  Vieussenii,  Isthmus  of 
the  fossa  ovalis,  see  Ovalis  fossa. 

ITALICUS  MOP.BUS,  Syphilis. 

ITCH,  Psora — i.  of  Animals,  Scabies  ferina — 
i.  Bakers',  see  Psoriasis  —  i.  Barbers',  Sycosia. 

Itch,  Cowpox.  A  cutaneous  eruption,  ob- 
served and  described  by  Golis,  which  appeared 
after  the  fourteenth  day  from  vaccination,  and 
consisted  of  isolated  vesicles,  often  filled  with  a 
puriform  fluid. 

Itch,  Grocers,'  see  Psoriasis  —  i.  Insect,  see 
Psora  —  i.  Weed,  Veratrum  viride. 


ITCHIXG,  Pcirap'sis  pruri'tus,  Autal'gia  pru- 
rigino'sa,  Pruri'tus,  Pruri'go,  Cnesmos,  Cneisma, 
(F.)  Prurit,  Demangcaison.  A  sensation,  mora 
inconvenient  than  painful,  seated  especially  at 
the  surface  of  the  body,  which  provokes  the 
patient  to  scratch  the  part.  It  may  be  either  an 
external  or  an  internal  sensation  :  that  is,  pro- 
duced by  an  external  body,  or  by  some  modifica- 
tion in  the  organic  actions  of  the  part  to  which 
it  is  referred. 

ITEA,  Salix. 

ITER  DEXTIS,  see  Gubernaculixm  dentis  — 
i.  Femineum,  Perinceum — i.  ad  Infundibulum, 
Vulva  —  i.  a  Palato  ad  Aurem,  Eustachian  tube 

—  i.  ad  Quartum  ventriculum,  Aquseductus  Sylvii 

—  i.  ad  Tertium  ventriculum,  Vulva  —  i.  Urinae, 
Urethra  —  i.  Urinarium,  Urethra.. 

ITHYPHAL'LUS,  from  i&vg,  'straight,'  and 
(baWog,  'penis.'  An  amulet,  in  the  form  of  a 
penis,  anciently  worn  round  the  neck,  to  which 
were  attributed  alexiterial  properties. 

ITINERARIUM,  Conductor,  Director. 

ITIS,  from  ir^f,  'hold,'  'rash.'  A  su£6x  de- 
noting inflammation; — as  encephaliV;*,  inflam- 
mation of  the  encephalon;  —  PleunVis,  inflam- 
mation of  the  pleura. 

IVA,  Teucrium  iva  —  i.  Arthritica,  Teucrium 
chamajpitj's— i.  Moschata  Monspeliensium,  Teu- 
crium iva  —  i.  Peeanga,  Smilax  sarsaparilla. 

IVETTE  MUSQUEE,  Teucrium  iva  — r.  Pe- 
tite,  Teucrium  chamg^pitys, 

IVOIEE,  Ivory. 

WORY,  Ehiir,  El'epihas,  (F.)  Ivoire.  The  tusk 
of  the  elephant.  It  is  chiefly  composed  of  phos- 
phate of  lime,  and  is  used  for  the  fabrication  of 
pessaries,  artificial  teeth,  handles  of  instruments, 
&c.  Formerly,  when  calcined  to  whiteness,  it 
entered  into  some  pharmaceutical  preparations. 
It  was  regarded  as  astringent  and  anthelmintic, 
and  was  called  Spodium. 

The  dentine  is  the  ivory  of  the  human  tooth. 
See  Tooth. 

IVRAIE,  Lolium  temulentum. 

IVEESSE,  Temulentia. 

IVY,  Hedera  helix,  Xalmia  angustifolia — i. 
American,  Ampelopsis  quinquefolia — i.  Big,  Kal- 
mia  latifolia  — i.  Fine-leaved,  Ampelopsis  quin- 
quefolia— i.  Ground,  Glecoma  hederaceum. 

IXIA,  Varix,  Viscum  album. 

IXINE,  Atractylus  gummifera. 

IXIR,  Elixir. 

IXOS,  Viscum  album. 

IXUS,  Galium  aparine. 

_  IXYOMYELI'TIS,  from  i?,v;,  'the  lumbar  re- 
gion,' nvzXos,  'marrow,'  and  itis,  denoting  inflam- 
mation. Inflammation  of  the  spinal  marrow  in 
the  lumbar  region. 

IXY'S,  Ix'ya,  Ix'ye.  Used  by  different  authors 
for  the  ilia,  flanks,  and  loins  j  most  frequently 
for  the  last.  —  Hippocrates. 


J. 


JABOT,  Ingluvies. 

JACA  INDICA,  Thymus  mastichina. 

JACEA,  Tricolor,  Viola  Tricolor — j.  Ramosis- 
Eima,  Centaurea  calcitrapa. 

JACENS.  Sick. 

JACK  IN  THE  HEDGE,  Alliaria. 

JACKSOX'S  BATHING  SPIRITS,  Linimen- 
tum  saponis  compositum. 

JACOB^Aj  Senecio  Jacobsa. 


JACOBEE,  Senecio  Jacobcea. 
JACOB'S    LADDER,    FALSE,    Polemonium 
rep  tans. 

JACOBSON'S  ANASTOMOSIS,  see  Petrosal 

ganglion. 

JACT A'TION,  Jactita'fion,  Jacta'tio,  Jacta'tun, 

Ehipias'moB,  Jactita'tio,  irom  jactare,  '  to  toss 
about.'  Extreme  anxiety;  excessive  restlessness; 
— a  symptom  observed  in  serious  diseases. 


JACTITATIO 


490 


JOANNESIA 


JACTITATIO,  Inquietude. 
JADE  NEPHRITE  ou  ORIENT  ALE,  Ne- 
|)hretieus  lapis. 
JAGRE,  see  Tari. 

JALAP,   Convolvulus  jalapa,  Phytolacca  de- 
candra — j.  Cancer  root,  Phytolacca  decandra — 
j.  Wild,  Convolvulus  panduratus. 
JALAPA,  Convolvulus  jalapa. 
JALAPINE,  see  Convolvulus  jalapa. 
JALAPIUM,  see  Convolvulus  jalapa. 
JALAPPA,  Convolvulus  jalapa— j.  Alba,  Con- 
volvulus mechoacan. 

JALEYRAC,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
These  waters  are  situate  two  leagues  from  Mau- 
riac  in  France,  on  the  road  from  Clermont  in 
Auvergne.  The  waters  contain  lime  and  carbo- 
nate of  soda,  and  are  esteemed  to  be  tonic,  ape- 
rient, &c. 

JALOPA,  Convolvulus  jalapa. 
JAMAICA,   see  West  Indies— j.  Bark  tree, 
Bursera  gummifera. 

JAMAICINB,  see  Geoifrasa  inermis. 
JA31BES  BE  BAR  BADE,  see  Elephantiasis 
. —  /.  dii  Cervelet,  Corpora  restiformia. 

JAMB  IE  R,  Tibial  — /.  Anferieur,  Tibialis  an- 
ti'^us  — J.  Grele,  Plantar  muscle  — j.  Post6rieur, 
Tibialis  posticus. 

JAMES'S  ANALEPTIC  PILLS,  see  Ana- 
leptica. 

JAMESTOWN  WEED,  Datura  stramonium. 
JANAMUNDA,  Geura  urbanum. 
JANIPHA  MANIHOT,  Jatropha  manihot. 
JANITOR,  Pylorus. 
JANITRIX,  iPorta  vena. 
J  ANON-  TARENTISME,  Tarantismus. 
JANUS,  Dicephalus. 
JAGQUIER.  Artocarpus. 
JARRET,  Poples. 

JARRETIER,  Poplitasus  muscle,  Hamstring. 
JARRETIERE  (F.),  Peris'ceUs,  a  garter, 
from  garctnm  or  garretum,  in  low  Latin,  the 
ham.  A  kind  of  furfuraceous  herpes,  which  oc- 
cupies the  part  of  the  leg  where  the  garter  is 
worn. 

JASMIN,  Jasminum  officinale. 
JASMINUM  ARABICUM,  Coffea  Arabum. 
Jasmi'num  Officina'le,  Jasminum,  Jesemi'nnm, 
the  Jes'samine,  (F.)  Jasmin.  The  flowers  of  this 
beautiful  plant  have  a  very  fragrant  smell,  and  a 
bitter  taste.  They  afford,  by  distillation,  an  es- 
sential oil ;  which  is  much  esteemed  in  Italy,  for 
rubbing  paralytic  limbs,  and  in  the  cure  of  rheu- 
matic pains. 

JASPER,  Jaspis. 

JASPIS,  Jasper.     A  precious  stone,  supposed 
by  the  ancients  to  be  capable  of  arresting  hemor- 
rhage when  worn  as  an  amulet. 
J  AT  AM  ANSI,  Sumbul. 

JAT'ROPHA  CVRC AS,  Ric"im(8  major,  Rici- 
no'i'des,  Pi'iteus  piirr/ans,  Pinlio'nes  In'dici,  Faha 
cathar'tica,  Avclla'na  cathar'tica,  Nux  cathar'tica 
Ameriea'na,  Nux  Barbaden'sis,  Physic  Nut,  (F.) 
Piqnun  d'liide,  3Iediciiiier  cathartique.  Grand 
haricot  de  Perou,  Pignon  de  Barbaric,  Noix  ca- 
thartique, N.  Americaine  ou  des  Barbados.  Nat. 
Order,  Euphorbiaoese.  The  seeds  of  this  plant 
afford  a  quantity  of  oil,  given,  in  many  places, 
like  the  castor  oil ;  to  which,  indeed,  it  is  nearly 
allied.  They  contain  a  peculiar  acid,  the  Jatro- 
phia  or  Igasuric. 

The  seeds  of  Jatropha  Multif'ida  are  called 
Purging  Nuts,  and  give  out  a  similar  oil. 
Jatropha  E-lastica,  see  Caoutchouc. 
Jatropha  Man'ihot,  Jan'ipha  Mnu'ihof.  The 
plan*,  affording  the  Oassa'da  or  Caisa'va  Root, 
Caca'vi,  Cassa've,  Caznbi,  Pain  de  Madagascar, 
RWinuB  Minor, Man'ioc,  Magnoc,  Maniot,  Yucca, 


Maniibnr,  Aipi,  Aipima  coxera,  Aipipoca,  Jani' 
pha.  The  juice  of  the  root  is  extremely  acrid 
and  poisonous.  What  remains,  after  expressing 
it,  is  made  into  cakes  or  meal;  of  which  the  cas- 
sada  or  cassava  bread  is  formed.  This  bread 
constitutes  a  principal  food  of  the  inhabitants  of 
those  parts  where  it  grows. 

The  fecula  of  the  root  forms  Tapioca,  Cipipa, 
Fec'ula  Tapio'ka,  Am'ylum  tnanihot'icnm,  which 
is  very  nutritious.  It  may  be  prepared  in  the 
same  manner  as  sago. 

A  factitious  Tapioca  is  met  with  in  the  shops, 
which  is  in  very  small,  smooth,  spherical  grains, 
and  is  supposed  to  be  prepared  from  potato  starch. 
It  is  sold  under  the  navae  pearl  tapioca. 

JAUNDICE,  Icterus— j.  Black,  Melaena— j. 
Lead,  Icterus  saturninus — j.  Red,  Phenigmus. 
JAUNE,  Yellow— J.  d'(Euf,  see  Ovum. 
JAUNISSE,  Icterus. 
JAW  BONE,  Maxillary  Bone. 
JAW-DISEASE,  PHOSPHORUS,  see  Phos- 
phorus. 

JBAN-DE-GLAINES,  ST.,  MINERAL  WA- 
TERS OF.  These  waters  are  situate  two  leagues 
from  Billora  in  Auvergne.  They  contain  clalo- 
ride  of  calcium,  and  carbonate  'of  magnesia;  dis- 
solved in  an  excess  of  carbonic  acid. 
JECINUS,  Liver. 

JECORARIA,  Marchantia  polymorphia. 
JECORARIUS,  Hepateros,  Hepatic. 
JECORIS  VOMICA,  see  Hepatitis. 
JECTIGA'TIO.  A  word  used  by  Van  Helmont 
for  a  species  of  epilepsy  or  convulsion. 
JECUR,  Liver — j.  Uterinum,  Placenta. 
JEFFERSO'NIA    BARTONI,    J.  Bijyhijl'la, 
Common     Twinleaf,     Yellow    Root,    Helmet  Pod, 
Ground  Squirrel  Pea.     An  indigenous  plant,  be- 
longing to  Nat.  Ord.  Berberidete,  Sex.  Sysi.  Oc- 
tandria  Monogynia;  which  possesses  medical  pro- 
perties analogous  to  those  of  hydrastis. 
JEJUNITAS,  Hunger. 

JEJUNI'TIS  ;  a  term  of  hybrid  formation,  — 
from  Jejunum,  'the  intestine  jejunum,'  and  itis, 
a  suffix  denoting  inflammation.  Inflammatiou 
of  the  ieiunum. 

JEJ'UNIUM,  Hunger,  Fasting. 
JEJU'NUM,  ixova.  jejunus,  empty;'  Nestis,  vria- 
Tig,  Nesti'a.  The  part  of  the  small  intestine 
comprised  between  the  duodenum  and  ileum.  It 
has  been  so  called,  because  it  is  almost  alwaj'S 
found  empty  in  the  dead  body. 

JELLY,  Gelly— j.  of  the  Cord,  Gelatin  of 
Wharton — j.  Rice,  see  Oryza — j.  Water,  Bra- 
senia  hydropeltis. 

JENKINSONIA  ANTIDYSENTERICA,  Pe- 
largonium antidysentericum. 
JERGON,  see  Arrow-poison. 
JERKING    RESPIRATION,     Respira- 
tion,  jerking. 

JERKS,  see  Mania,  dancing. 
JERSEY,  CLIMATE  OF.  Jersey  is  the 
largest  of  the  islands  of  the  British  Channel,  and 
is  most  frequented  by  invalids.  Its  climate 
closely  resembles  that  of  the  south-west  coast 
of  England,  and  especially  of  Penzance,  and  it  is 
adapted  to  the  same  class  of  invalids. 

JERUSALEM  OAK  OF  AMERICA,  Cheno- 
podium  anthelminticum. 

JESEMINUM,  Jasminum  officinale. 
JESSAMINE,  Jasminum  officinale— j.  Yellow, 
Gelseminum  nitidum. 
JE  UN  ESSE,  Adolescence. 
JEWEL  WEED,  Impaticns  balsamina. 
JEW'S  EAR,  Peziza  auricula — j.  Harp,  Tril- 
lium latifnlium. 
JIGGER,  Chiqne. 

JIMSTON  WEED,  Datura  stramonium- 
JOANNESIA  PRINCEPS,  Anda. 


JOANNETTE 


491 


JUNCUS 


JOANNETTE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Several  springs  arc  found  at  Joannette,  al.out 
five  leagues  from  Angers,  in  France.  The  waters 
are  both  cold  and  warm,  and  contain  sulphate  of 
lime;  subcarbonate  of  soda:  chloride  of  sodium  ; 
some  iron  ;  chloride  of  calcium,  and,  sometimes, 
a  kind  of  saponaceous  matter.  They  are  chiefly 
need  as  a  tonic  in  chlorosis,  leucorrhcea,  <tc. 

JOE  PYE,  Eupatorium  perfoliatum. 

JOHNE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Johne 
is  a  village  near  Dol  in  Franche-Comte,  France, 
where  is  a  mineral  spring,  which  contains  sub- 
carbonate  of  soda,  and  subcarbonates  of  magne- 
sia and  iron.  It  is  used  chiefly  as  a  bath  in 
certain  diseases  of  the  skin,  and  in  atonic  afiec- 
tions. 

JOINT,  Articulation— j.  Ball  and  Socket,  En- 
arthrosis — j.  Dove-tail,  Suture — j.  Stiff,  An- 
kylosis. 

JONAS,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  This 
spring  is  situate  to  the  south-west  of  Bourbon- 
I'Archambault,  in  France.  The  waters  contain 
chloride  of  calcium  and  sulphate  of  lime ;  chlo- 
ride of  sodium,  and  sulphate  of  soda;  carbonate 
of  iron,  and  carbonic  acid  gas.  They  are  tonic 
and  aperient. 

JOUAN,  ST.,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  St. 
Jouan  is  a  village,  near  Saint-Malo,  in  France. 
The  water  is  a  cold  chalybeate. 

JOUBARBE  ACRE,  Sedum  — >  des  Toits, 
Sempervivum  tectorum  — j.  des  Yignes,  Sedum 
telephium. 

JOUE,  Genu. 

JOULOS,  Julus. 

JOUR,  Dies. 

JOURS  CANIOULAIRES,  Dog  days—/. 
Critiques,  Critical  days  — j.  Indicateurs,  Indi- 
cating days. 

JOVIS  FLOS,  Crocus  — j.  Glans,  Juglans. 

JUCATO  CALLELOE,  Phytolacca  decandra. 

JUD^'US,  Juda'icus  [Lapifi,)  Phoenici'tes 
Lapis,  Tecol'ithoa,  ['F.)  Pierre  J udaique.  A  stone, 
found  in  Judeea,  Palestine,  &c.  Called,  also. 
Lapis  Syriacus.  It  was  formerly  esteemed  to  be 
diuretic  and  lithontriptio. 

JUDGMENT,  Jndic"ium,  (F.)  Jiigement.  The 
faculty  of  the  intellect,  by  which  ideas  are  com- 
pared with  each  other,  and  their  relative  worth 
appreciated. 

JUDICATORII  DIES,  Critical  days. 

JUDICIUM,  Judgment. 

JUGAL,  Zygomatic — j.  Process,  Zygomatic 
process. 

Jttgal  REGiofT,  Ee'gio  juga'lis.  The  region 
of  the  cheek-bone. 

JUGALE  OS,  MalEe  os, 

JUGALIS,  Zygomatic. 

JuGALis  Sdtu'ra,  from  ^uyov,  'a  yoke.'  The 
suture  which  unites  the  Os  MalcB  or  Os  Jiiga'le 
with  the  superior  maxillary  bone.  Also,  the 
sagittal  suture. 

JUGEMENT,  Judgment. 

JUGLANS  CINER'EA  {Jovia  glans),  Butter 
Hut,  Oil  N'lit,  White  Wahmt.  The  inner  bark 
of  the  root  of  this  tree,  Juglans  (Ph.  U.  S.),  which 
is  abundant  in  the  United  States,  is  used  in  me- 
dicine, in  the  form  of  extract,  as  an  efficacious 
and  mild  laxative,  in  doses  of  from  10  to  20 
grains.  It  is  in  the  secondary  list  of  the  Phar- 
macopoeia of  the  United  States. 

JuGLAltS  Re'gia,  Juglans,  Nux  Juglans,  Carya 
hasil'ica,  Kapva,  Carya.  The  Walnut,  (F.)  Noyer, 
the  tree ;  Noix,  the  nut,  Kapvov,  Car'yon.  The 
unripe  fruit,  in  the  state  in  which  it  is  pickled, 
was  formerly  esteemed  to  be  anthelmintic.  The 
putamen  or  green  rind  of  the  walnut  has  been 
celebrated  as  a  powerful  antisj'phUitic,  and  used 


as  a  sort  of  diet  drink.  The  Jcernel  is  an  agreea- 
ble article  of  dessert ;  but,  like  all  nuts,  is  diffi- 
cult of  digestion.  The  expressed  oil,  JJtiile  ue 
Noix,  is  used  in  France  as  an  aliment,  and,  like 
other  fixed  oils,  is  laxative. 

Various  preparations  of  the  leaves  have  been 
recommended  in  scrofulous  affections. 

JUG'ULAR,  Jugula'ris,  from  jvgulum,  'the 
throat.'     Relating  to  the  throat. 

Jugular  Fossa,  Fossa  Jugula'ris,  is  a  cavity 
in  the  i^etro-occijjital  suture.  It  is  formed  by  the 
petrous  portion  of  the  temporal  bone,  and  by  the 
occipital  bone,  and  lodges  the  origin  of  the  inter- 
nal jugular  vein.  It  is,  sometimes,  called  thimble- 
like  cavity. 

Jugular  Veins,  Vena  Jugula'res,  V.  sphagit'- 
ides,  V.  apoplec'tica,  Y.  sopora'les.  Tiiese  are 
situate  at  the  lateral  and  anterior  parts  of  the 
neck.  They  are  two  on  each  side;  one  external, 
the  other  internal.  1.  The  External  Jugular 
Vein,  Trachelo-sous-cutanee,  (Ch.)  is  of  less  size 
than  the  internal.  It  descends,  almost  vertieallj', 
along  the  anterior  and  lateral  part  of  the  neck, 
from  the  cervix  of  the  lower  jaw  to  the  subcla- 
vian vein,  into  which  it  opens,  a  little  above  the 
internal  jugular.  It  is  formed  bj'  the  internal 
maxillary,  superficial  temporal,  and  piosterior  au- 
ricular veins.  It  is  this  vein  which  is  commoni}' 
opened  in  bleeding  in  the  neck.  2.  The  Internal 
Jugular  Vein,  V.  Cephalique  (Ch.),  Vena  apo- 
plec'tica, is  much  larger,  and  more  deeply  seated 
than  the  preceding.  It  descends,  vertically,  along 
the  anterior  and  lateral  part  of  the  neck,  from  the 
posterior  part  of  the  foramen  lacerum  posterius  as 
far  as  the  subclavian  vein.  It  commences  at  the 
sinus  of  the  jugular  vein,  (F.)  Gulfe  de  la  veine 
jugulaire,  and  receives  the  blood,  which  returns 
by  the  sinus  of  the  dura  mater,  and  that  of  the 
facial,  lingual,  ptharyngeal,  superior  thyroid,  oc- 
cipital, and  diploic  veins. 

JUGULUM,  Clavicle,  Throat— j.  Uteri,  Collum 
uteri. 

JUGUM  PENIS,  Presse-urethre. 

JUICE,  EXPRESSED,  see  Succus. 

JUJUBE,  Jujuha,  Ziz'yphum,  BacccB  jujn}i<p, 
B.  Ziz'yphi.  The  fruit  of  Rhamnus  Ziz'ypihus, 
Ziz'yphns  vulga'ris  seu  jujuha  sen  sati'va,  a  na- 
tive of  the  south  of  Europe.  It  was  formerly 
ranked  amongst  the  pectoral  fruits.  It  has  an 
agreeable  sweet  taste.  The  fruits  of  two  other 
species  of  Zizyphus — Z.  jujuha,  Rhamnus  jujuba, 
Mansana  arho'rea,  a  native  of  the  East  Indies, 
and  Z.  lotus,  Rhamnus  lotus,  Zizyphus  nit'ida  seu 
sati'va  seu  sylves'tris,  growing  in  North  Africa, 
possess  similar  properties  to  Zizyphus  vulgaris. 

Jujube  Paste,  Paste  of  jujubes. 

JULAPIUM,  Julep — j.  Camphorre,  Mistura 
Camphoree. 

JULEB,  Julep. 

JULEP,  Jula'pium,  Jule'pus,  Zula'pium,  Ju- 
leb  of  the  Persians.  A  sweet  drink.  A  demul- 
cent, acidulous  or  mucilaginous  mixture. 

Julep,  Camphor,  Mistura  camphorse — -/.  Cam- 
phre,  Mistura  camphorae  — j.  Mint,  see  Mint 
julep. 

JULUS,  Julos,  loulos,  iov\os.  The  first  down 
that  appears  upon  the  chiu.  —  Rufus  of  Ephesus- 

JUMEAU,  Gemellus. 

JU3TEA  UX  BE  LA  JAMBE,  Gastrocnemiu 

JUMELLE,  Gemellus. 

JUMENTOUS  URINE,  Urine  jumenteuse. 

JUNCTURA,  Articulation. 

JUNCUS  ODORA'TUS,  Andropo'gon  sehce- 
nan'thus  seu  bicor'nia  seu  citra'tus  seu  citriodo'- 
riis,  Cymbopo'gon  schcenan' thus,  Fcenum  came- 
lo'riim,  Juncuc  aromat'iciiJ>,  Camel's  hay,  Sweat 
rush,  Schcenan' thus,  Schcenan' thum,  Sccenan' thitm, 
Cal'amua  odora'tus,  Sq^uinan'thus,  Gramen  .5rte«  . 


JUNGLE 


492 


EAHINC^ 


ia'te,  (F.)  Jonc  odorant.  The  dried  plant,  which 
is  generally  procured  from  Turkey  and  Arabia, 
has  an  agreeable  smell,  and  a  warm,  bitterish 
taste.  It  was  formerly  used  as  a  stomachic  and 
deobstruent. 

JUNGLE  FEVER.  A  variety  of  remittent 
occurring  in  the  jungle  districts  of  India. 

JUNIPER  TREE,  Jiiniperus  communis. 

JUNIP'ERUM  VINUM.  Wine  impregnated 
with  juniper  berries. 

JUNIP'ERUS  COMMU'NIS,  J.  Suecica,  Ar- 
ceu'thos,  Ju'iiiper  tree  ;  Akat'alis,  Akat'era.  Fa- 
mily, Conifers.  Sex.  Si/st.  Dioecia  Monadelphia. 
The  tops  and  berries,  Juniji'erus  (Ph.  U.  S.),  are 
ordered  in  the  pharmacopoeias.  Their  odour  is 
strong,  but  not  unpleasant.  Taste  warm,  pun- 
gent. Properties  dependent  upon  essential  oil, 
which  they  yield  to  both  water  and  alcohol. 
Dose,  9j  to  3^ss,  rubbed  with  sugar.  In  Hol- 
land, juniper  berries  are  used  for  flavouring 
gin.  The  oil,  O'leum  juni'p'eri,  possesses  the 
virtues  of  the  plant.  It  is  called,  by  Ruland, 
Targar.  (F.)  Genevrier  (the  plant),  Genievre 
(the  berry). 

Jdniperus  Lycia.  This  plant — Thii'rea,  Th. 
vh-ga,  Arbor  thurif'era  —  has  been  supposed  to 
afford  the  true  frankincense,  Cedros  Olih' amim, 
Thus  Libano'tos,  Libano'tum,  Lib'anos,  Thus 
mas'culum,  Thtw  verum,  (P.)  Encens.  By  some, 
however,  it  is  supposed  to  be  the  produce  of  an 
Am'yris,  and  by  others  of  Boswel'lia  serra'ta. 
The  odour  of  olibanum  is  peculiar  and  aromatic  ; 
taste  bitterish  and  slightly  pungent ;  partly  solu- 
ble in  alcohol,  and  forming  a  milky  emulsion, 
when  triturated  with  water.  It  was  formerly 
used  in  dysentery  and  htemoptysis,  but  is  now 
never  employed  except  as  a  perfume  in  a  sick 
room. 

JuNlPERUS  Oxyce'drus,  (F.)  Cade,  Oxioedre, 
Oxycedre,  grows  in  the  south  of  Europe,  Siberia, 
&G.  By  combustion  of  the  wood,  a  liquid  tar, 
O'leum  ca'dinum,  Junijy'eri  o'leum  empyreumat'i- 
cum,  Huile  de  Cade  ou  de  Genevrier,  is  obtained, 
which  is  employed  externally  in  various  chronic 
cutaneous  and  other  diseases. 

JuNlPERTTS  Sabi'na,  Sabi'na,  Savi'na,  Sabi'na 
ster'ilis,  Bruta,  Cedrus  baccif'era,  Common  or 
barren  savin;  Brathu,  Brathys,  Ba'rathron,  Bo'- 
rathron,  (F.)  Sabine,  Savinier.  The  odour  of 
savin  leaves  is  strong  and  disagreeable.  Taste 
hot,  acrid,  and  bitter,  depending  on  an  essential 
oil.  Their  operation  is  stimulant,  emmenagogue, 
anthelmintic,  and  abortive ;  externally,  escharo- 
tic.  Dose,  internally,  gr.  v  to  x  of  the  powder. 
As  an  escharotic,  they  are  applied  in  powder  or 
formed  into  a  cerate.  The  essential  oil,  O'leum 
Sabi'ncB  (Ph.  U.  S.),  has  the  virtues  of  the  savine. 
Dose,  two  to  five  drops. 


JuNiPERTJS  Suecica,  J.  communis. 

Jtiniperus  "Virginia'na,  Red  cedar.  This  tree 
is  known  throughout  the  United  States  by  tha 
name  of  savine,  and  is  often  used  for  the  same 
purposes. 

JUNK,  Pad. 

JUNO  LUCINA,  nithyia. 

JUPITER,  Tin. 

JURIBALI,  Eurihali.  A  tree  in  the  forests 
of  Pomeroon.  Fam.  Meliacese.  Class,  Octan- 
dria.  Nat.  Order,  Monogynia.  The  bark  is 
febrifuge,  and  may  be  given  in  powder  or  infu- 
sion, (5j  ad  aq.  bidlient.  Oij.) 

JURISPRU'DENCE,  MED'ICAL,  from  jns, 
juris,  'law,'  and  prudentia,  'knowledge.'  Juris- 
jyrudeii'tia  Med' ica.  This  word  is  often  used  sy- 
nonymously with  Legal  Medicine.  It  is  now,  as 
frequently,  perhaps,  employed  for  the  embodied 
laws  and  regulations  that  relate  to  the  teaching 
and  practice  of  medicine. 

JURY  OF  MATRONS.  A  jury  formed  of  wo- 
men empanelled  under  a  writ  de  ventre  inspici- 
endo,  to  try  the  question,  whether  a  uoman  bo 
with  child  or  not. 

JUS,  Zomos,  Zomid' ivm,  Sorbit"io,  Sor'hitum. 
Soup,  broth,  Jus'culum  or  bouillon. 

Jus  BoviNUM,  Beef-tea — j.  Coagulatum,  Gelly. 

JUS  D'HEBBES,  (F.)  The  juice  of  certain 
vegetables  administered  as  depuratives;  as  that 
of  fumitory,  burdock,  water  trefoil,  &c. 

Jus  Jelatum,  Gelly  — /.  de  Reglisse,  see  Gly- 
cyrrhiza — j.  de  Viande,  see  Bouillon. 

JUSCULUM,  see  Jus. 

JUSQUIAMUS,  Hyoseyamus. 

JVSQUIAUME,  Hyoseyamus. 

JUSTICIA  BIVALVIS,  Adulasso  —  j.  Adha- 
toda,  Adhatoda. 

JusTic"iA  Ecbol'ium,  Carim  cxirini.  A  Mala- 
bar plant,  the  root  of  which,  and  the  leaves,  in 
decoction,  are  considered  in  the  country  to  be 
lithontriptic. 

JusTiciA  Pectora'lis.  A  "West  India  plant, 
which  is  slightly  astringent.  (F.)  Carmantine, 
C.  Pectorale,  Herbe  aux  Charpentiers. 

JUVANS,  Auxil'ium,  Bemed'ium.  A  medicine 
or  substance  of  any  kind,  which  relieves  a  disor- 
der.    An  adjuvant. 

JUVENIS,  Adolescens. 

JUVENTA,  Adolescence,  Hebe. 

JUVENTAS,  Adolescence,  Hebe. 

JUVENTUS,  Adolescence,  Hebe. 

3\]XTAV0QlT'l01S,Jaxtaposit"io,hoxajuxtn, 
'near  to,'  and  ponere,  positum,  'to  place.'  The 
mode  of  increase  proper  to  minerals ;  which  con- 
sists in  the  successive  application  of  new  mole- 
cules upon  those  that  form  the  primitive  nucleus. 
It  is  opposed  to  intussusception. 


K. 


A'.  B. — Most  of  the  terms  under  K,  derived  from  the  Greek,  are  found  under  the  letter  0. 


K.  This  letter  was  formerly  used  to  designate 
a  compound  of  gold. 

KAATH,  Catechu. 

KAAWY.  Ancient  name  of  an  Indian  drink, 
).repared  from  maize. 

KABALA,  Cabal. 

KiEMPFERIA  GALANGA,  see  Maranta  ga- 
litnga. 

K.emppe'ria  Rotun'da.  Called  after  Ksemp- 
for,  the  naturalist;  Zedoa'ria,  Z.  rotun'da,  Amo'- 
vium  zedua'ria,  Cul'chieum  Zeylan'icum,  Cur'cu- 


ma  aromat'ica,  Zed'oary,  (F.)  Zedoaire  rond. 
The  roots  of  this  Ceylonese  plant  have  a  fragrant 
smell,  and  warm,  bitterish,  aromatic  taste.  They 
are  in  wrinkled,  gray,  ash-coloured,  heavy,  firm, 
short  pieces;  of  a  brownish-red  colour  within; 
and  are  stimulant  and  carminative.  Dose,  ^j  to 
5j  of  tlie  powder. 

According  to  some,  the  round  zedoary  is  fur- 
nished by  Curcuma  zermnhet ;  the  long,  Zedoa'ria 
lonqn,  by  Oiir'cuma  zedoa'ria. 

KAHINCiE  RADIX,  Caincas  radix. 


ZAIB 


493 


KIDNEY 


KAIB,  Kayl.  A  word  employed  by  the  3-lche- 
mists  for  sour  and  coagulated  milk. 

KAJEPUT,  Cajeput. 

KAKOCHYMIA,  Cacochymia. 

KALI,  Potash,  Potassa  —  k.  Acetas,  Potassas 
acetas — k.  Aeratum,  Potassa3  carbonas  —  k.  Bi- 
chromicum,  Potasste  bichromas  —  k.  Caustieum, 
Potassa  fusa  —  k.  Caasticum  cum  calce,  Potassa 
cum  calee— k.  Chloricum,  Potassse  murias  hyper- 
oxygenatus — k.  Chromicum  acidum,  Potassas  bi- 
chromas — k.  Chromicum  flavum,  Potassse  bichro- 
mas — k.  Chromicum  rubrum,  Potassas  bichromas 

—  k.  Chromicum  neutrale,  Potassse  chromas  — 
k.  Hydriodinicum,  see  Potassas  hydriodas  —  k. 
Inermis,  see  Salsola  kali  —  k.  Nitricum,  Po- 
tassse nitras — k.  Oxalicum  acidulum,  Potassa,  ox- 
alate of-— k.  Prasparatum,  PotassEe  subcarbonas 
k.  Prasparatum  e  tartaro,  see  Potash — k.  Purum, 
Potassa  fusa — -k.  Soda,  see  Salsola  kali — k.  Spi- 
nosum  cochleatum,  Salsola  kali — k.  Subcarbonas, 
Potassaa  subcarbonas  —  k.  Sulphas,  PotassEe  sul- 
phas— k.  Sulphuricum,  Potassae  sulphas — k.  Sul- 
phuretum,  Potassse  sulphuretum  —  k.  Tartariza- 
tum,  PotassEB  tartras — k.  e  Tartaro,  see  Potash — 
k.  Vitriolatum,  Potassas  sulphas. 

KALICUM  HYDRAS,  Potassa  fusa. 
KALIUM  lODATUM,  see  Potassse  hydriodas 

—  k.  lodatum  Hydrargyratum,  Potassii  hydrar- 
gyro-iodidum. 

KALMIA  ANGUSTIFO'LIA.  Called  after 
Kalm,  the  botanist.  Ivy,  Narroic-leaved  Kalmia 
or  Laurel,  Dwarf  Laurel,  Sheep  Laurel.  This 
plant  has  the  same  virtues  as  K.  latifolia.  So 
also  has 

Kalmia  Glauca,  Swamp  Laurel. 

Kalmia,  Broad-Leated,  K.  latifolia. 

Kalmia  Latifo'lia,  Broad-leaved  Kalmia, 
Cal'ico  hush,  Laurel,  Mountain  Laurel,  Rose  Lau- 
rel, Big  Ivy,  Spoonwood,  Lamlikill,  Sheep-poison, 
Broad-leaved' Laurel.  This  plant  kills  sheep  and 
other  animals.  The  Indians  use  it  as  a  poison. 
The  powdered  leaves  have  been  applied  success- 
fully in  tinea  capitis ;  and  a  decoction  of  it  has 
been  used  for  the  itch.  The  powder,  mixed  with 
lard,  has  been  applied  in  herpes. 

Kalmia,  Narrow-leaved,  K.  angustifolia. 

KALO,  Arum  esculentum. 

KAMPHUR,  Camphor. 

KAPHUR,  Camphor. 

KARABE,  Asphaltum. 

KARABITUS,  Phrenitis. 

KARCINOSEN,  Carcinoses, 

KAREXA,  Carena. 

KASSADER,  Convolvulus  panduratus. 

KASSAUDER,  Convolvulus  Panduratus. 

KATASARCA,  Anasarca. 

KATASTALTICA,  Astringents. 

KAVA,  Ava. 

KAVIAC,  Caviare. 

KAYL,  Kaib. 

KEITA,  Monsonia  ovata.  ' 

KELOID,  Cancroid. 

KELOTOMIA,  Celotomia. 

KELP,  Varec.  The  impure  mineral  alkali 
obtained  by  burning  certain  marine  plants.  See 
Soda. 

KENISTELWORT,  Scrophularia  nodosa. 

KENTUCKY,  MINERAL  "WATERS  OF. 
The  Olympian  Springs  in  this  state  are  near  the 
sources  of  Licking  River.  There  are  three  diife- 
rent  kinds,  in  the  space  of  half  a  mile.  One  of 
them  is  saline,  impregnated  with  sulphur ; — ano- 
ther is  chalybeate,  and  a  third  a  sulphureous 
spring.  In  various  parts  of  Kentucky,  there  are 
saline  waters,  which  are  frequented  by  inva- 
lids. The  Salines  at  Bigbone,  formerly  em- 
ployed in  the  manufacture  of  salt,  are  now  re- 
sorted to.    A  spring,  near  Ilarrodsburg,  in  Mercer 


County,  is  strongly  impregnated  with  sulphate  of 
magnesia. 

KERATITIS,  Ceratitis. 

KERATO-GLOSSUS,  Cerato-glossus. 

KERATO-IRITIS,  Aquo-membrauitis. 

KERATONYXIS,  Ceratonyxis. 

K E R A T  0 - PHARYNGEUS,  Cerato-pharyn- 
geus. 

KERATO-STAPHYLINUS,  Cerato-staphyli- 
nus. 

KERATOTOMUS,  Ceratotomus,  Knife,  cata- 
ract. 

KEEMES,  Chermes,  Alhermes.  One  of  the 
species  of  the  genus  kermes  lives  on  a  green  oak, 
and  is  called  Coccus  il'icis,  Kermes  animal,  Coc- 
cum.  Cocci  gramim,  Coccum  haph'ieum  seu  infec- 
to'rium,  tincto'rum,  scarlati'num,  «fcc.  The  oak, 
to  which  allusion  has  been  made,  is  known  by 
botanists  under  the  name  Quercus  cocci/'era,  and 
grows  abundantly  in  the  uncultivated  lands  of 
southern  France,  Spain,  and  in  the  islands  of  the 
Grecian  Archipelago.  The  kermes  inhabiting  it 
has  the  appearance  of  a  small,  spherical,  inani- 
mate shell.  Its  colour  is  reddish-brown,  and  it 
is  covered  with  a  slightly  ash-coloured  dust. 
This  is  the  kermes  of  the  shops.  It  is  now  only 
used  in  dyeing ;  but  was  formerly  reputed  to 
possess  aphrodisiac,  analeptic,  anti-abortive,  and 
other  virtues. 

Kermes  Mineral,  see  Antimonii  sulphuretum 
pr»eipitatum. 

KERNEL,  Tubercle. 

KERNELS,  WAXING,  see  Waxing  kernels. 

KERIIA,  Ricinus  communis. 

KETCHUP,  Catchup.  A  pickle  prepared  from 
the  liquor  of  the  mushroom,  walnut,  tomato,  &c, 

KETMIA  ^GYPTIACA,  Hibiscus  abelmos- 
chus. 

KEY,  Sax.  cassj  Clavis,  Cleia,  Claris  An'glica, 
(F.)  Clef  de  Garangeot.  An  instrument,  used  for 
extracting  teeth.  It  consists  of  a  firm  handle, 
with  a  claw  at  right  angles  to  it,  and  moving 
upon  a  pivot.  This  claw  embraces  the  tooth.  It 
has  undergone  several  modifications,  and  henco 
various  instruments  are  used  under  this  denomi- 
nation. The  French  have  the  Clef  d  pompe.  Clef 
d  jjivof,  and  Clef  d  noix. 

KEYRI  CIIEIRI,  Cheii-anthus  eheiri. 

KHALA  MIMUC,  Bit  n&ben. 

KIAS'TER,  Chiaster,  from  ;;^ia^av,  '  to  cross.' 
A  species  of  bandage,  having  the  form  of  the 
Greek  letter  x>  which  the  ancients  used  for  ap- 
proximating, and  maintaining  in  contact,  the 
fragments  of  the  patella,  in  cases  of  fracture  of 
that  bone.  It  was  applied  in  the  form  of  the 
figure  8. 

KIBISTITOME,  Cystitome. 

KIDNEY.  Its  etymology  is  uncertain.  Sere- 
nius  derives  it  fancifully  from  Su.  Goth,  qued,  the 
bellj'j  and  nigh,  ("quasi,  quidney.)  Ben,  Ne2ohros, 
Protme'sis,  (F.)  Bein.  The  kidneys  or  reins  are 
the  secretory  organs  of  the  urine.  _  They  are  two 
glands,  situate  deeply, — the  one  on  the  right,  and 
the  other  on  the  left  side, — in  the  hypochondres: 
at  the  sides  of  the  lumbar  vertebrae ;  behind  the 
peritoneum;  and  in  the  midst  of  an  abundant, 
fatty  areolar  tissue,  Tu'nica  adipo'sa.  The  kid- 
ney is  of  a  reddish-brown  colour;  oval  form; 
and  flattened  on  two  surfaces.  It  has,  at  its  in- 
ternal margin,  a  deep  fissure,  by  which  the  renal 
vessels  and  nerves  enter  or  quit  the  organ,  and 
the  ureter  issues.  It  resembles,  pretty  accurate- 
ly, the  haricot  or  kidney-bean.  Two  suhstamc-K 
are  readily  distinguishable  in  it; — the  outer,  se- 
cerning, cortical,  glandular  or  vascidar,  Siibstan'- 
tia  cortica'lis,  S.  glandiilo'sa,  which  secretes  tho 
urine;  and  the  inner,  tubular,  medullnry,  vriu{~ 
fcroiis,  conoidal  or  radiated,  Sul^'t'- n'ii'i  'urdui 


KIESTEINE 


494 


KNEE 


la'rxK,  S.  Tiihulo'sa,  S.  Fihro'sa,  'whicli  appears 
under  the  form  of  small  cones  or  unequal  papiUcB, 
each  resulting  from  the  union  of  small  capillarj' 
tubes,  adherent  by  one  of  their  extremities  to  the 
cortical  substance ;  and  opening,  by  the  other,  at 
the  summit  of  the  cone,  into  calices,  a  species  of 
membranous  tubes,  more  or  less  numerous,  which 
transmit  the  urine  of  the  papilla3  to  the  pelvis. 
By  the  pelvis  is  meant  a  small,  membranous 
sac,  of  an  irregularly  oval  shape,  at  the  base  of 
which  are  the  orifices  of  the  calices,  and  the  other 
extremity  of  which  is  continuous  with  the  ureter. 
The  kidney  is  surrounded  by  a  fibrous  membrane 
proper  to  it,  Perineph'rus.  It  has  been  shown  by 
Mr.  Bowman  and  others  that  the  renal  artery  is 
distributed  to  the  corpora  Malpighiana,  where 
the  watery  portion  of  the  urine  is  separated. 
The  blood  then  becomes  venous,  and  is  distribu- 
ted by  different  veins — portal  veins  of  the  kidney 
—  to  the  convoluted  tubes  through  which  the 
proper  urine  is  secreted.  Hence  the  blood  passes 
into  the  renai  vein.  The  intermediate  vessels 
lietween  the  Malpighian  bodies  and  the  convo- 
luted tubes,  have  been  termed  the  Portal  System 
of  the  Kidney. 

KiDNEV,  Bright's  Disease  of  the.  Morbus 
Bright' ii,  M.  albuminen'sis,  Nejihri'tis  album ino'- 
8a,  Neph'ria,  TJroze'mia  albuniino'sa,  Cachee'tic 
nephri'tis,  Nephri'tis  socia'ta,  Asso'ciated  nepjhri- 
iis,  Inflammation  of  the  Malpig'hian  cor'puscles, 
Disease  of  Bright,  Gran'ular  Deqenera'tion  or 
Bisorganiza'tion  of  the  Kidney,  Granular  Kid- 
ney of  Bright,  (F.)  Maladie  de  Bright,  Nephrite 
albumineuse,  Etnt  Granulevx  ou  Begenerescence 
gravulee  du  Rein,  Alhurninurorrhee.  A  granular 
disease  of  the  cortical  part  of  the  kidney,  which 
gives  occasion  to  the  secretion  of  urine  that  con- 
tains albumen,  and  is  of  less  specific  gravity  than 
natural,  and  which  destroys  by  inducing  other 
diseases.  It  was  first  described  by  Dr.  Bright 
of  London. 

Kidney,  Granular,  of  Bright,  Kidney, 
Bright's  disease  of  the. 

KI'ESTEINE,  Ki'estein,  properly  Ky'esteine, 
Ky'estein,  Kystein,  Cy'esteine  or  Cy'estein,  from 
Kvctv,  '  to  be  pregnant,'  and  cadni,  '  a  garment  or 
pellicle.'  A  peculiar  pellicle,  which  forms  on 
the  urine  of  a  pregnant  female  when  allowed 
to  stand  for  a  few  days.  It  is  whitish,  opa- 
lescent, slightly  granular,  and  may  be  com- 
pared to  the  fatty  substance  that  swims  on  the 
Burface  of  soups,  after  they  have  been  allowed  to 
cx)6l.  Y/hen  taken  in  conjunction  with  other 
phenomena.,  it  is  a  valuable  aid  in  the  diagnosis 
of  early  pregnancy. 

KlESTliVlC,  Kiestin'-icus  ;  same  etymon.  Re- 
lating or  appertaining  to  kiesteine  j  as  '  kiestinic 
urine.' 

KILBURN,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
These  springs  contain  carbonic  acid,  sulphohy- 
dric  acid ;  carbonates  of  lime,  magnesia,  and 
iron  ;  sulphates  of  soda,  lime,  and  magnesia,  and 
chloride  of  sodium. 

KILOGRAMME,  ChiUogram'ma,  from  xtXfoj, 
'a  thousand,'  and  ypniifta,  'a  gramme.'  The 
weight  of  a  thousand  grammes;  —  two  pounds 
eight  ounces,  one  drachm,  and  twenty-four  grains, 
Troy. 

KILOLITRE,  from  x'^""'  '^  thousand,'  and 
"^iToa,  '  a  litre.'  A  measure  containing  a  thousand 
litres. 

KINA  KINA,  Cinchona. 

KlNAKCfE,  Cvnanehe. 

KINCOUGII,  Pertussis. 

KTNDCOUGIL  Pertussis. 

KINESIP'ATIIY,A7??e«(V//erap7*'(f,from«-ivi(Tif, 
'motion,'  and  TitOu<;,  'disease.'  A  mode  of  treating 
(jieca»Ti>  by  gymnastics  or  appropriate  movements. 


KINETIC,  Motory. 
KINGCURE,  Pyrola  maculata. 
KING'S  EVIL,  Scrofula. 
KINICI  ACETAS,  Quinia,  acetate  of. 
KININUM,  Quinina. 
KINK  IN  TKE  HEAD,  see  Insanity. 
KINKINA,  Cinchona. 

KINO,  Gummi  Gambien'se,  Gvmmi  rubrnm  ad~ 
strin'gens  Gambien'se,  African  kino,  Bast  India 
kino,  Amboy'na  kino,  Gummi  adstrin'gens  Fother- 
gil'li.  The  trees,  whence  one  variety  of  this  resin 
is  obtained,  are  not  botanically  ascertained.  The 
London  college  ascribe  it  to  Pterocar'pus  erina'- 
cea  ;  the  Edinburgh  to  Eucahjp'tus  resinif  era, 
Metroside' ros  gummif  era  ;  and  the  Dublin  to  Bu- 
tea  f rondo' sa.  The  Pharmacopoeia  of  the  United 
States,  (1842,)  defines  it  to  be  "an  extract  ob- 
tained from  an  uncertain  plant;"  that  of  1851 
states  it  to  be  the  inspissated  juice  oi  Pterocarp'ns 
marsu'pium  (De  Candolle)  and  of  other  plants. 
On  wounding  the  bark,  the  kino  flows  drop  by 
drop.  A  West  India  variety  is  said  to  be  derived 
from  Coccoloba  uvif'era  or  Sea-side  Grape  ;  and 
a  Botany  Bay  kino  is  said  to  be  the  concrete 
juice  of  Enealyp' tus  resinif ' era  or  brown  gum-tree 
of  New  Holland.  Sex.  Syst.  Icosandria  Mono- 
gynia.  Nat.  Ord.  Myrtacese.  Kino  consists 
chiefly  of  tannic  and  gallic  acids,  oxide  of  iron, 
and  colouring  matter.  It  is  inodorous;  the  taste  a 
sweetish  bitter;  and  it  is  sometimes  gritty  be- 
tween the  teeth.  It  comes  to  us  in  fragments  of 
a  dark  ruby  red  colour,  and  is  easily  pulverized. 
Its  properties  are  powerfully  astringent.  Dose, 
gr.  X  to  gr.  XX  in  powder. 

KIONORRHAPHIA,  Staphyloraphy. 

KI'OTOME,  Kiot'omus,  from  kiwv,  'a  pillar,' 
'support,'  and  tsijvciv,  'to  cut.'  (F.)  Covpebride. 
An  instrument  invented  by  Desault,  to  cut  any 
accidental  brides  or  filaments  in  the  rectum  and 
bladder;  and  which  he  afterwards  used  for  the 
removal  of  the  tonsils.  It  is  composed  of  a  flat, 
silver  sheath,  open  at  one  edge.  This  sheath  is 
provided  with  a  cutting  blade,  which  can  be  forced 
through  the  opening,  and  thus  all  the  parts  can  be 
divided  with  which  it  comes  in  contact. 

KIPPERNUT,  Bunium  bulbocastanum. 

KIRATE.  A  weight  of  four  grains,  according 
to  Elan  card. 

KIRKLAND'S  NEUTRAL  CERATE,  see 
Cerate,  Kirkland's  Neutral. 

KIRRHONOSIS,  Cirrhosis. 

KIRRHOSIS,  Cirrhosis. 

KIRSCHWASSER,  (G.)  ' Cherry  wafer.' 
An  alcoholic  liquor,  obtained  from  cherries 
bruised  with  their  stones,  by  subjecting  them  to 
distillation,  after  having  caused  them  to  ferment. 
See  Spirit. 

KISSINGEN,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF, 
These  Bavarian  springs  have  been  long  frequent- 
ed. There  are  three,  —  two  chalybeate,  and  one 
alkaline  and  acidulous. 

KIST.     A  weight  of  14  grains. — Paracelsus. 

KLAPROTHII  SULPHAS,  Cndmii  sulphas. 

KLAPROTHIUM  SULPHURICUM,see  Cad- 
mii  sulphas. 

KLEPTOMA'NIA,  Cleptoma'nia,  Klopema'- 
nia,  Clopemania ;  from  KXtr-'j,  'I  steal,'  and 
mania.  Insanity,  with  an  irresistible  propensity 
to  steal. 

KLIPDAS,  see  Hyrax  Capensis. 

KLOPEMANIA,  Kleptomania. 

KNARESBOROUGH,  MINERAL  WATERS 
OF.  sec  Ilnrrogato,  mineral  waters  of. 

KNEADING,  Shampooing. 

KNEE,  Genu. 

Kner.  IIorsEMAin's.  An  inflnmmntion  of  the 
bursa,  v.bich  in  most  individuals  is  in  front  of  the 
patella,  and  is  apt  to  inflame  and  enlarge  from 


KNEE-JOINT 


495 


KUTUBUTH 


effusion  in  those  in  whom  it  is  subjected  to  much 
pressure.  Ilence  its  name.  It  is  a  form  of  cap- 
sular rheumatism. 

KNEE-JOINT,  Genu. 

KNEE-SCAB,  Crusta  genu  equinaa — k.  Encir- 
cled hoof,  Crusta  genu  equinse. 

KNIFE.  Sax.  cnip.  Swed.  Knif.  Dan. 
Kniv.  (F.)  Canif.  Cidter,  Smile,  CidteU'us,  To- 
mei'on,  7'ome'us,  IfachcB'ra,  MachcB'riuv,  Machce'- 
ris,  (F.)  Coutean.  A  cutting  instrument,  used  in 
surgery  to  divide  the  soft  parts,  and  which  only 
differs  from  the  bistouri  or  scalpel  in  being  usu- 
ally larger. 

The  most  common  knives  are  the  following: 

Knife,  Amputa'tion,  (F.)  Couteau  d  amputa- 
tion, C.  droit,  Cidter  rectus.  This  is  the  largest 
of  the  knives  used  in  surgery.  Formerly,  they 
were  curved ;  now  they  are  straight,  and  pro- 
vided with  one  or  two  edges. 

Knife,  Cat'aract,  Ceratot' omits,  Keratot'omus, 
(F.)  Couteau  d  cataracte.  The  cataract  knives 
of  Riehter,  Wenzel,  Ward,  and  others,  being  in- 
tended to  perform  the  section  of  the  transparent 
cornea,  are  so  shaped  as  to  exactly  fill  the  small 
wound  made  by  them;  and  thus  to  prevent  the 
discharge  of  the  aqueous  hnmour,  until  the  sec- 
tion is  completed.  The  blade  of  the  knives  of 
Wenzel  and  Ward  resembles  a  very  narrow  lan- 
cet, blunt  in  the  posterior  five-sixths  of  one  of  its 
edges.  The  blade  of  that  of  Riehter  is  pj'rami- 
dal,  cutting  thi-ough  the  whole  length  of  its  in- 
ferior edge,  and  also  blunt  in  the  five-sixths  of 
the  upper. 

Knife,  Ches'elden's.  A  knife  with  a  fixed 
handle;  verj'^  convex  on  its  edge,  concave  on  the 
back,  which  was  used  by  Cheselden  in  lithotomy. 

Knife,  Crooked,  Culter  falca'tus,  Cidter  cur- 
vns,  (F.)  Couteau  courhe.  A  knife,  which  is 
crooked  and  concave  on  its  cutting  edge.  It  was 
formerly  employed  in  amputation  of  the  limbs. 

Knife,  Crotchet,  Cultel'lus  uncus,  (F.)  Cou- 
teau  d  crochet.  A  steel  instrument,  composed  of 
a  round  staff,  furnished  with  a  handle  at  one  ex- 
txemity,  and  at  the  other  with  a  curved  l^nife. 
It  was  formerly  used  to  cut  to  pieces  monstrous 
foetuses  in  utero,  and  to  open  the  head  when  ne- 
cessary. 

Knife,  DorBLE-EDGED,  Anceps  cidtel'lus,  Am- 
phis'mela,  Aniphis'mile,  Catling,  (F.)  Coiiteau  d 
deux  tranchans,  Couteau  desarticulaleur,  C.  inter- 
osseiix.  A  knife,  the  blade  of  which  is  straight 
and  sharp  on  both  sides.  It  is  used  for  disarti- 
culating bones;  and  for  cutting  the  soft  parts 
situate  between  the  bones,  in  amputation  of  the 
leg  and  forearm. 

KNIFE  EN  SERPETTE,  (F.)  Couteau  en 
eerpette.  A  sort  of  knife,  of  the  shape  of  a  ser- 
pette  or  pruning-knife,  invented  by  Desault  for 
dividing  the  bony  paries  of  the  maxillary  sinus, 
for  the  purpose  of  extracting  fungi  from  it. 

Knife,  Lentic'ular,  Culter  lentictda'ris,  (F.) 
Couteau  lenticidaire.  An  instrument,  used  in  the 
operation  of  trepanning,  for  removing  inequalities 
in  the  inner  table  of  the  skull,  which  may  have 
been  left  by  the  crown  of  the  trephine  around 
the  opening  made  by  it.  It  is  formed  of  a  len- 
ticular button,  fixed  at  the  extremity  of  an  iron 
staff,  which  is  convex  on  one  side,  flat  on  the 
other ;  sharp  at  both  edges,  and  mounted  on  an 
ebony  handle. 

Knife,  LiTnoT'oMY,  (F.)  Coutean  lithotome.  A 
name,  given  by  Foubert  to  a  large  knife,  the 
narrow  blade  of  which,  four  and  a  half  inches 
in  length,  was  sharp  in  its  whole  extent,  and 
made  an  obtuse  angle  with  the  handle.  lie  used 
it  in  the  lateral  operation. 

Knife,  Root-cutting.  In  Pharmacy,  a  knife 
moving  on  a  joint  at  its  pointed  extremity,  by 


which  roots  and  other  ligneous  matters  are  di' 
vided  in  pharmaceutical  processes. 

KNOCK-KNEED,  Entogonyancon. 

KNOT,  Tubercle. 

Knot,  Packer's,  (F.)  Ncend  d'emhalleur.  A 
compressive  bandage,  used  for  arresting  hemor- 
rhage from  the  temporal  artery  or  its  branches. 
The  nceud  d'emhalleur  is  made  with  a  double- 
headed  roller,  five  ells  long.  A  graduated  com- 
press is  placed  over  the  opening  in  tlie  artery, 
and  the  bandage  is  applied  over  it;  the  balls  of 
the  roller  being  carried  horizontally  round  to  tho 
opposite  temple,  where  they  are  crossed  obliquely 
and  carried  back  to  the  part  v.'here  the  compress 
is  situate.  The  hands  are  then  changed  with  the 
rollers,  crossing  them  so  as  to  form  a  knot,  and 
taking  one  above  the  head;  the  other  beneath 
the  chin.  They  are  then  crossed  again,  so  as  to 
form  several  knots,  one  above  the  other.  This 
bandage  is  called,  by  some  surgeons.  Solar  or 
oblique  chevestre  or  cup>istrum. 

Knot,  Surgeon's,  Nodus  chirur'giciis,  (F.) 
Nceud  dit,  chirurgien.  A  double  knot  made  by 
passing  the  thread  twice  through  the  same  noose. 
This  knot  is  used  frequently  in  the  ligature  of 
arteries,  the  umbilical  cord,  &c. 

KNOTBERRIES,  Rubus  ehamffimorus. 

KNOTGRASS,  Polygonum  aviculare. 

KNOTROOT,  CoUinsonia  Canadensis. 

KNOTWEED,  CoUinsonia  Canadensis,  Poly- 
gonum aviculare. 

KNOWLTON'IA  VESICATO'RIA.  Nat. 
Order,  Ranunculaoea3.  An  acrid  plant  of  South 
Africa,  used  by  the  Cape  colonists  as  a  blister  in 
rheumatism. 

KOINO-MIASMATA,  see  Miasm. 

KOLERUS,  a  name  given  by  Paracelsus  to  a 
dry  ulcer. 

KOLPORRHAPHY,  Elytrorrhaphr. 

KOLTO,  Plica. 

KOOCHLA  TREE,  Strychnos  nux  vomica. 

KOPYOPIA,  see  Copyopia. 

KORIS,  Cimex. 

KOSSO,  Hagenia  Abyssinica. 

KOUMIS,  Kumyss. 

KRAME'RIA,  Eatan'hia,  Rhatan'ia,  Rat'- 
anhij,  (F.)  Ratanhie.  Krameria,  Kranieria  tri- 
andra,  —  Sex.  Syst.  Tetrandria  Monogynia,  Nat. 
Ord.  Polygalese, — is  a  native  of  Java.  The  root 
has  a  bitter  taste;  and  is  astringent,  diuretic,  and 
detergent.     Dose,  Qj  to  ^]. 

Krame'ria  Ixi'na  or  Ratanhy  of  the  AntiUea 
has  similar  virtues. 

KREASOTON.  Creasote. 

KREATIC  NAUSEA,  see  Nausea. 

KRBATINE,  Creatine. 

KREATININE,  see  Creatine. 

KREOSOTON,  Creasote. 

KRETINISMUS,  Cretinism. 

KRIEBELKRANKHEIT,  Convulsio  cer- 
ealis. 

KUA  KAHA,  Curcuma  longa. 

KUMYSS,  Koiimyss,  Koumis.  A  beverage 
used  in  families  by  the  people  of  Yakutz.  It 
resembles  sour  buttermilk,  without  being  greasy. 
According  to  Sir  George  Simpson,  it  is  prepared 
in  a  very  simple  way  from  mare's  milk,  which  is 
merely  allowed  to  stand  for  some  days  in  a  lea- 
thern churn  till  it  becomes  sour.  It  is  then  bot- 
tled for  use.  This  drink  is  rather  nutritious  than 
exhilarating ;  but  from  the  same  material  ifao 
Burats  and  the  Kirghez  prepare  an  intoxicating 
spirit  in  which  they  indulge  to  excess. 

KUSSAUDER,  Convolvulus  panduratus. 

KUTKULEJA.  CECsalpinia  bonducella. 

KUTOOKURUNJA,  Cajsalpinia  bonducella. 

KUTUBUTH.  An  Arabic  name  for  a  species 
of  melancholy  in  which  fjie  patient  is  never  •juict 


KTANOSIS 


496 


LABORIOUS 


at  iny  one  place,  but  wanders  about  here  and 
there.  Also,  the  name  of  an  insect,  which  lives 
at  the  surface  of  stagnant  waters,  and  is  in  a 
constant  state  of  agitation.  Some  lexicographers 
imagine  that  it  is  on  account  of  this  last  circum- 
stance, that  the  name  of  the  insect  has  been  given 
to  the  disease. 

KYANOSIS,  Cyanopathy. 

KYAPUTTY,  Caieput. 

KYESTEINE,  Kiesteine. 

KYESTOvIC,  Kiestinie. 

KY^LLO'SIS,  from  KvWog,  'crooked,'  'lame.' 
'  GijUo'sia.  Professor  Chaussier  so  calls  congenital 
distortion  of  the  feet,  Cluhfvot,  Tal'ipes,  (F.)  Pied 
hot.  Of  this  there  are  many  varieties.  In  one, 
the  foot,  instead  of  resting  on  the  soil,  by  the 
whole  plantar  surface,  touches  it  only  with  the 
metatarso-phalangian  articulations.  It  seems  as 
if  turned  backwards  and  broken  upon  the  leg, 
( Pes  seu  Tal'ipes  Equi'nus,  IIip'j)opus,  Oxypo'- 
dia.)  In  other  cases  the  foot  is  twisted  in- 
wards, (  Varus,  Tal'ipes  varus,  Blmaop'odes,  Bla'- 
sopus,  G//lloepus,  Cyllop' oda,  Cyllopod'ion,  Lo'- 
ripes,  (F.)  Cagneux,)  so  that  it  rests  only  on  the 
ground  on  its  outer  edge ;  or  it  may  be  twisted 
outwards,  (  Vahjus,  Tal'ipes  Valgus,)  or  rest  only 
on  its  inner  edge.  In  the  flatfoot  or  splayfoot, 
Daah-foot,  Sar'apus,  Plat'ypus,  Platypod'ia,  (P.) 
Pied  pilat,  the  plantar  surface  of  the  foot  is  flat- 
tened instead  of  being  concave. 

These  deformities  are  rarely  accidental.  They 
are  almost  alwa3-s  congenital,  and  may  be  rec- 
tified, at  an  early  period,  by  proper  mechanical 
means  to  strengthen  the  foot  gradually  and  re- 
store it  to  its  proper  shape  and  direction,;  and  if 
these  means  fail,  the  tendons  and  muscles  con- 
cerned in  the  deformity  may  be  divided. 

KYMOGRAPH'ION ;  from  Kvfia,  'wave,' and 
ypaipoi,  'I  describe.'  'A  wave  describer  or  mea- 
surer.' An  instrument  invented  by  Ludwig, 
which  is  self-registering,  and  exhibits  the  rela- 


tion between  the  waves  of  the  pulse  and  the  un- 
dulations produced  by  respiration.  \Miiller's 
Archiv.,  1847,  s.  242.) 

KYNA,  Pastinaca  opoponax. 

KYPHOSIS,  see  Cyphosis — k.  Inflammatoria, 
Vertebral  disease  —  k.  Paralytica,  Vertebral  dis- 
ease. 

KYST,  Cyst,  Kystis,  Cystis,  from  Kuorjf,  'a 
bladder,' 'pouch.'  (E.)  Kyste.  This  term  is  ge- 
nerally applied  to  a  pouch  or  sac, —  Cysto'ma, — 
without  opening,  and  commonly  of  a  membranous 
nature,  which  is  accidentally  developed  in  one  of 
the  natural  cavities,  or  in  the  substance  of  organs. 
Many  theories  have  been  successively  emitted  to 
explain  the  formation  of  cysts,  but  none  are  en- 
tirely satisfactory.  Some  are  formed  by  a  thin, 
translucent  membrane,  having  scarcely  the  thick- 
ness of  the  arachnoid;  others  of  a  whitish,  fibro- 
cellular  membrane,  more  or  less  thick.  Some 
contain  cartilaginous  or  bony  flakes.  The  greater 
part  have  but  one  cavity;  others,  on  the  contrary, 
have  several,  separated  by  complete  or  imperfect 
septa,  as  is  frequently  seen  in  those  developed  in 
the  ovaries.  The  matter  contained  in  cysts  is 
sometimes  limpid,  serous,  yellowish  white,  red- 
dish, and,  at  others,  more  or  less  thick,  albumi- 
nous, adipous,  or  caseous.  The  tumour,  formed 
by  them,  is  called  Encysted. 

KYSTE,  Kyst  —  k.  Anevrysmal,  Aneurismal 
sac. 

KY'STEIlSr,  Kiesteine. 
.   KYSTHI'TIS,  Cysthi'tis,  from  kvc&os,  'the  va- 
gina.'    Inflammation   of  the  vulva  and  of  the 
mucous  membrane  of  the  vagina. 

KYSTHOPTO'SIS,  from  kvc&o;,  the  'vagina,' 
and  TTiiiTw,  'I  fall.'  Prolapsus  or  inversion  of  the 
vagina. 

KYTTARRHAG"IA,  from  KVTrapiov,  'an  alve- 
olus,' and  priYvvjii,  'I  break  forth.'  Discharge  of 
blood  from  an  alveolus. 


L. 


LABARIUM,  from  labi,  'to  fall.'  Looseness 
of  tho  teeth. 

LABDACISMUS,  Lallation. 

LABDAMEN,  Cistus  creticus. 

LABDANUM,  see  Cistus  creticus. 

LABE,  \aii8av(a,  'I  seize,'  'I  take,'  'the  act  of 
grasping.'  Invasion.  Also,  employed  to  denote 
the  first  paroxysm  of  fevers. — Galen,  Hippocrates. 

LABEO,  CMlon. 

LABES,  Chilon,  Macula. 

LABIA  CUNNI,  Lips  of  the  vulva— 1.  Interna 
seu  Minora,  Nymphse  —  1.  Majora,  Lips  of  the 
vulva  —  1.  Pudondi,  Lips  of  the  vulva  —  1.  Pu- 
dendi  minora,  Nymphee. 

LABIAL,  Labia'lis,  from  labium,  'a  lip.' 

LABIAL,  Orbicularis  oris. 

Labial  Aetery.  Haller  and  Sabatier  call  thus 
the  facial  artery  of  the  majority  of  anatomists. 
The  labial  arteries,  properly  so  called,  coronary 
arteries  of  the  ?/^js,  (F.)  Coronaircs  dcs  levres,  are 
tv»o  in  number.  The  supierior  arises  from  the 
facial,  above,  and  very  close  to,  the  commissure 
of  tho  lips.  It  is  large  and  tortuous,  and  is  dis- 
tributed to  the  upper  lip.  The  lower  arises  from 
the  facial,  at  a  considerable  distance  from  the 
oommisstire,  and  proceeds,  in  a  serpentine  course, 
into  tho  substance  of  the  lower  lip,  to  which  it  is 
distributed 

wADiAL  >jri.AXDS.    This  name  is  given  to  a  mul- 


titude of  muciparous  follicles,  of  some  size,  round, 
prominent,  and  separate  from  each  other,  which 
are  found  on  the  inner  surface  of  tho  lips,  below 
the  mucous  membrane. 

Labial  Veins  are  distinguished,  like  the  arte- 
ries, into  superior  and  inferior.  They  open  into 
the  facial  vein; — a  division  of  the  internal  jugular. 

LABIALIS,  Orbicularis  oris. 

LABIDOMETER,  Labimeter. 

LABIM'ETER,  (F.)  Labimetre  ou  Labidoml- 
tre,  from  'Xapis,  Xa,3iSos,  '  forceps,'  and  /xsTpov, 
'measure.'  A  scale  adapted  to  the  handles  of 
the  forceps,  which  indicates  the  distance  of  the 
blades  from  each  other,  when  applied  to  the  head 
of  the  child  in  iitero. 

LABIS,  Forceps. 

LABIUM,  Lip  —  1.  Leporinum,  Hai-elip  —  1. 
Uteri,  Amphideum. 

LABLAB,  Dolichos  lablab, 

LABORANS,  Sick. 

LABORATOIRE,  Laboratory. 

LABOR ATORIUM,  Laboratory  — 1.  Ch3'mi- 
cum  seu  pharmaeeuticum,  Pharmacopoeia. 

LAB'ORATORY,  Laborato'rium,  Ergaste'rion, 
(F.)  Laboratoire,  from  laborare,  'to  work.'  A 
work-shop.  A  place  for  preparing  chemical  or 
pharmaceutical  products,  &c. 

LABORIOSUS,  Sick. 

LABO'RIOUS.     Delivery  is  said  to  be  labo- 


LABOUR 


497 


LACnRTMAL 


rious,  Partus  laborio'siis,  3Iogosfoc'ia,  (F.)  Ac- 
couchement  laloricux,  -wben  attended  with  more 
difBculty  and  suffering  than  usual.  With  some, 
laborious  labour  means  one  that  requires  the  use 
of  instruments.  See  Dystocia. 
LABOUR,  Parturition. 

Labour  Chair,  Obstet'ric  chair.  A  chair,  in 
which  a  parturient  woman  is  placed  during  de- 
livery. . 

Labour,  Difficult,  Dystocia — 1.  Dry,  Partus 
Biocus — 1.  Morbid,  Dystocia — 1.  Pains,  see  Pains 
—  1.  Powerless,  see  Parturition  —  1.  Premature, 
Parturition,  (premature) — 1.  Preternatural,  Meta- 
tocia,  see  Parturition  —  1.  Show,  see  Parturition. 
LABRISULCIUM,  Cheilocaee,  Stomacaee. 
LABRUM,  Lip  —  1.  Cerebri,  Infundibulum  of 
(he  brain. 
LABRUSCA,  Bryonia  alba. 
LAB'YRINTH,  Labyrinth'us,  Antrum  buecl- 
no'sum.  A  place,  full  of  turnings,  the  exit  of 
which  is  not  easily  discoverable.  Anatomists 
tave  given  this  name  to  the  aggregate  of  parts, 
constituting  the  internal  ear.  Labyrinth' us  auris 
in'timce,  In'tima  pars  or'gani  audi'tHs,  Laby- 
rinth'ic  cavity  of  the  ear.  The  Labyrinth  is 
situate  between  the  tympanum  and  meatus  audi- 
torius  internus.  It  is  composed  of  several  ca- 
vities, which  communicate  with  each  other  in  the 
dried  bone;  as  the  vestibule,  cochlea,  semicircular 
canals,  <fec.  It  is  lined  by  periosteum,  and  also 
by  a  pulpy  membrane,  constituting  the  membra- 
nous labyrinth,  on  which  the  auditory  nerve  is 
regularly  dispersed.  This  membrane  forms  two 
sacs  in  the  vestibule,  called  sac'culus  vestib'uli 
and  sac'culus,  respectively,  which  resemble  in 
shape  that  of  the  bony  cavities  containing  them. 
Each  sac  contains  calcareous  matter,  constituting 
the  Otolithcs  and  Otoconies.  When  the  sac  is 
laid  open,  upon  the  upper  and  outer  part,  a  par- 
tition appears,  partaking  of  the  nature  of  the  sac, 
and  called  by  Meckel,  Septum  vestib'uli  nervo'so- 
membrana'  ceum. 

Labtrimth,  Membraxous.  see  Labyrinth. 
LABYRINTHIC    CAVITY    OF    THE    EAR, 
Labyrinth. 

LABYRINTHUS,  Labyrinth  — 1.  Auris  Inti- 
VQ.2C,  see  Labyrinth. 

LAC,  Milk,  Laeca  —  1.  Ammoniaci,  Mistura 
ammoniaei — 1.  Amygdalae,  Emulsio  amj'gdalas  — 
1.  Asafoetida;,  Mistura  asafoetidas — 1.  Avis,  Albu- 
Tuea  ovi- — 1.  Guaiaci,  Mistura  Guaiaci  —  1.  Gum, 
Iiacea— 1.  Lunaj,  Marga  Candida — 1.  Maris,  Sperm 
—  1.  Primum  Puerperse,  Colostrum  —  1.  Seed, 
LaCca — 1.  Shell,  Lacca — 1.  Stick,  Lacea — 1.  Sul- 
phuris,  Sulphur  prsecipitatum  —  1.  Terras,  Mag- 
Tiesise  carbonas  —  1.  Virginis,  Virgin's  milk. 

LACCA,  from  lakah,  Arab.  Gummi  lacccs. 
Stick-lac,  Gum-lac,  Seed-lac,  Shell-lac,  (F.) 
Laque.  Lao  is  a  substance  formed  by  an  insect, 
and  deposited  on  different  species  of  trees,  chiefly 
in  the  East  Indies, — for  example,  on  Croton  lac- 
cif'erum,  and  two  species  of  Fieus,  —  Ficus  reli- 
gio'sa,  and  F.  In'dica,  The  various  kinds,  dis- 
tinguished in  commerce,  are  stick-lac,  which  is 
the  substance  iu  its  natural  state,  investing  the 
small  twigs  of  the  tree ;  and  seed-lac,  which  is 
the  same  broken  off.  When  melted,  it  is  called 
shell-lac. 

Lac  was,  at  one  time,  used  in  the  form  of  tinc- 
ture, as  a  tonic  and  astringent  j  and  it  still  forms 
part  of  particular  dentifrices. 

LACERA'TION,  Lacera'tio,  Rhege,  Rheg'mus, 
Rhegma,  Ruptu'ra,  Rupture,  from  lacerare,  'to 
tear:'  —  Dilacera'tio,  Sparag'ma,  (F.)  Arrache- 
ment,  Dechirement,  Dilaceration,  Broiement,  The 
act  of  tearing  or  rending.  The  breach  made  by 
tearing  or  rending,-  as  a  lacerated  wound,  Tresis 
viilnus  lacera'tum,  Laceratu'ra,  Vulnus  laeeratum. 
32 


LACERATURA,  see  Laceration. 
LACEPi.TA,  Lizard  —  1.  Aquatica,  see  Ectozoa, 
LAC  ERTICORDIS,  Column03  carnese  —  I. 
Musculorum,  see  Muscular  fibre. 

LACERTULI  CORDIS,  Columnse  carneae. 
LACERTUS,  Braehium,  see  Muscular  fibre. 
LAC'ERUM.     Same  etymon    as    Laceration. 
Any  thing  torn,  or  appearing  as  if  torn. 

Lac"erum  Fora'mex  Ante'rius,  (F.)  Tron 
dechire  anterieur.  Hiatus  spheno-petreux,  (Ch.) 
is  an  irregular  opening,  formed  by  the  sphenoid 
and  petrous  portion  of  the  temporal  bone.  This 
foramen  transmits  the  third,  fourth,  and  sixth 
pairs  of  nerves  and  the  first  branch  of  the  fifth 
pair  to  the  eye  and  its  appendages. 

Lacerum  Foramen  Poste'rius,  Foramen  ju- 
gula're,  F.  lacerum  in  Basi  Gra'nii,  (F.)  Trou 
dechire  posterieur,  Hiatus  oecipito-p6treux,  (Ch.) 
is  formed  by  the  occipital  bone,  and  the  inferior 
edge  of  the  petrous  portion  of  the  temporal  bone. 
Through  it,  the  internal  jugular  vein,  the  eighth 
pair  of  nerves,  and  accessory  nerve  pass  out  of 
the  cranium. 

LACHESIS  PICTA,  see  Arrow-poison. 
Lachesis  Rhombea'ta,  Flammon.     A  poison- 
ous serpent  common  in  the  lower  forests  of  Peru. 
LACHRYMA,  Tear ;  see,  also,  Vitis  vinifera. 
LACH'RYMAL,   Lacryma'lis,   from    lacryma, 
'a  tear.'     Belonging  to  the  tears.     This  epithet 
is  given  to  various  parts. 

Lachrymal  Artery  proceeds  from  the  oph- 
thalmic ;  and  distributes  its  principal  branches  to 
the  lachrymal  gland. 

Lachrymal  Canal  or  Duct,  Nasal  Canal  or 
duct,  Cana'lis  lacryma'lis,  Cancdis  or'bita  nasa'- 
lis,  Ductus  nasa'lis  orhitce,  Cana'lis  sacci  lacryma'- 
lis. Ductus  ad  Nasum,  is  formed  by  the  superior 
maxillary  bone,  os  unguis,  and  os  turbinatura  in- 
ferius  ;  and  is  seated  in  the  outer  paries  of  the 
nasal  fossae.  It  is  lined  by  a  prolongation  of  the 
mucous  membrane  of  the  lachrymal  sac;  and  its 
inferior  orifice  is  furnished  with  a  valvular  dupli- 
cature.  This  duct  transmits  the  tears,  which  have 
been  absorbed  at  the  great  angle  of  the  eye  by 
the  puncta  lacrymalia,  into  the  nasal  fossas. 

Lach'rymal  Caruncle,  see  Caruncula  lacry- 
malis. 

Lachrymal  Fossa,  Fossa  seu  Fo'vea  lacryma'- 
lis, is  a  slight  depression  at  the  upper  part  of  the 
orbit,  which  lodges  the  lachrymal  gland. 

Lachrymal  Gland,  Glan'dula  lacryma'lis  sen 
innomina'ta  Gale'ni,  is  seated  in  a  depression  of 
the  frontal  bone  at  the  upper,  anterior,  and  outer 
part  of  that  orbit.  It  is  of  about  the  size  of  an 
almond ;  and  of  an  oval  shape,  flattened  above 
and  below  : — its  great  diameter  being  the  antero- 
posterior. It  is  composed  of  several  small  lobules, 
united  by  areolar  tissue,  and  separated  by  it  as 
well  as  by  vessels  and  nerves  which  creep  in  the 
intervals.  This  gland  has  seven  or  eight  excre- 
tory ducts,  which  open  behind  the  upper  eyelid. 
Its  use  is  to  secrete  the  tears,  and  pour  them  on 
the  globe  of  the  eye  by  the  excretory  ducts. 

Lachrymal  Groove,  (F.)  Gouttiere  lacrymalc, 
is  the  bony  channel,  which  lodges  the  lachrymal 
sac.  It  is  seated  at  the  anterior  and  inner  part 
of  the  orbit,  and  is  formed  by  the  os  unguis  and 
the  ascending  process  of  the  upper  jaw  bone. 

Lachrymal  Hernia,  Lach-ymal  Tumour,  He)-'- 
nia  Sacci  Lacryma'lis,  is  when  the  tears  enter  the 
puncta,  but  cannot  pass  to  the  nose,  and  accumu- 
late. By  Anel,  this  was  called  Dropsy  of  the  La- 
chrymal Sac. 

Lachrymal  Kerte  is  the  smallest  of  the  thre<s 
branches  formed  by  the  ophthalmic  nerve.  It  is 
distributed,  particularly,  to  the  lachrymal  gland 
and  to  the  upper  eyelid.  In  its  course  it  giTM 
off  a  sphcno-maxillary  and  a  malar  filament. 


LACHRTMATIO 


493 


LACUNA 


Lachbywai,  Papilla,  see  Lachrymal  Puncta. 
LACnRYjiAL  Passages,-  Via  lacryma'les,  (F. ) 
Votes  lacri/males.  The  organs  concerned,  in  the 
secretion  of  tears,  in  spreading  them  over  the 
eye,  and  taking  them  up  again  to  transmit  them 
into  the  nasal  fossae.  The  lachrymal  passages 
are  composed  of  the  lachrymal  gland,  caruncle, 
jannc.ta,  ducts,  lachrymal  sac,  and  nasal  duct. 

Lachrymal  Puncta,  Puncta  Lacrymu'lia,  Spi- 
ram'ina  Palpehra'rxim,  (F.)  Points  lacrymaux, 
are  two  small,  round,  and  contractile  openings, 
situate  in  the  centre  of  a  tubercle  or  papilla,  Pa- 
,  pilla  lacryma'lis,  Tuber'cidum  lacryma'le,  ahout 
a  line  and  a  half  distant  from  the  inner  commis- 
sure of  the  eyelids,  and  continuous  with  the  la- 
chrymal dxtcts.  These  ducts,  Lacryma'les  Cana- 
lic'uli,  Cana'les  seu  Ductals  lacryma'les,  Ductus 
lacrymales  latera'les,  D.  jyuncto'riim  la  cry  ma' limn, 
Cor'nua  lacryma'lia  seu  lima' cum,  Collic"impnmc- 
to'rnm  lacryma'lium,  Canalic'idi  lima'cum,  Cor- 
nua  Lima'cum,  (F.)  Conduits  lacrymaux,  are  two 
in  number  —  a  sujyerior  and  an  inferior  —  which 
extend  from  the  puncta  to  the  lachrymal  sac. 
They  seem  formed  by  a  very  delicate  prolonga- 
tion of  the  conjunctiva,  which  is  contir.uous  with 
the  mucous  membrane  of  the  lachrymal  sac,  (F.) 
Jieservoir  dcs  lannes  :  —  the  Saecus  seu  Sinus  seu 
Lacus  lacryma'lis,  Dacryocys'tis,  In/undib'ulum 
lacryma'le,  Saecus  lacryma'lis. 

Lachrymal  Tubercle,  see  Lachrymal  puncta. 
Lachryaial  Veins  accompany  the  artery  of 
the  same  name,  and  open  into  the  ophthalmic  and 
palpebral  veins. 

LACHRYMA'TIO,  Epiphora.  Also,  a  profuse 
secretion  of  tears  from  any  cause :  —  weeping, 
Fletxis,  Plora'tio,  Plora'tiis. 

L ACINIC  TUBARUM  FALLOPII,see  Tube, 
Fallopian. 

LACIS,  Plexus. 

LACMUS  TINCTORIUS,  Lichen  roccella. 
LACONICUM,  Vaporarium,  see  Stove. 
LAOQ,  Laqueus. 
LA  GRIM  A,  Tear. 
LACRUMA,  Tear. 
LACRYMA,  Tear. 
LACTANS,  Nurse. 

LACTA'TION,  Lacta'tio,  Thela'sis,  Thelas'mus, 
Irom  lacteo,  {lac,  '  milk,)  '  I  suckle,'  '  I  give  milk.' 
Suclding :  —  the  cfivinij  of  suck,  (F.)  Allaitement. 
The  French  make  four  varieties  of  lactation. 
1.  Allaitement  rnaternel  ■ — Maternal  Lactation, 
when  the  mother  suckles  the  child.  2.  A.  Stranger 
fitereenaire,  —  when  another  suckles  it.  3.  A.  ar- 
tificiel,  when  the  child  is  brought  up  by  hand. 
4.  A.  animal,  when  the  child  is  suckled  by  an 
animal. 

LACTEALS,  Chyliferous  vessels. 
LACTENS,  Sucking  child. 
LAOTKS,  Mesentery,  Pancreas. 
LAOTEUS,  Lactic. 

LACTIC,  Lac' tens,  Galac'ticus,  Galac'tinus, 
Milky,  from  lac,  '  milk.'     Appertaining  to  milk. 

Lactic  Acid,  Ac"idum  Lac'teum,  Acid  of  milk, 
Acidum  Lactis,  (F.)  Acide  J^actique.     This  has 
been  recommended  as  a  therapeutical  agent  in 
atonic  dyspepsia,  owing  to  its  being  presumed  to 
be  one  of  the  gastric  acids  secreted  in  health.     It 
is  given  cither  in  the  form   of  lemonade  or  of 
lozenges.     The  acid  is  obtained  either  from  milk 
or  from  the  juice  of  the  red  beet. 
LACTICA,  Typhoid. 
LACTICANS,  Nurse. 
LACTICINIA,  Parotid. 
LACTIFERE.  Lactiferous. 
LACTIF'EROUS,   Galactoph'orom,  Lac'tifcr, 
(F.)  Lartifirc,  from  lac, ' milk,' and/cro,  'I  carry.' 
Milk-conveying. 

LAcnFEROos  Vessels,  Lactiferous  Ducts,  Tub'- 
vl,i  lactiftri  vel  Ductus  laciifcri  seu  lac' tea,  (F.) 


Vaisseaux  on  conduits  lactiferes,  are  the  escra- 
tory  ducts  of  the  mammary  gland. 

Lactiferous  or  Lacteal  Swelling.  A  tu- 
mefaction of  the  breast,  supposed  by  Sir  Astlcy 
Cooper  to  arise  from  a  large  collection  of  milk  in 
one  of  the  lactiferous  tubes,  the  result  of  chronic 
inflammation  of  the  tube  near  the  nipple,  with 
closure  of  its  aperture,  and  obliteration  of  the 
canal  for  an  inch  or  more.  The  tube  requires  to 
be  punctured. 

LACTIF'UGA,  Lac'tifvge,  from  lac,  'milk,' 
and  fugo,  '  I  drive  away.'  Medicines  which  dis- 
pel milk. 

LACTIGO,  Porrigo  larvalis. 
LACTINE,  Sugar  of  milk. 
LACTIN'IA,  from  lac,  'milk.'   Food  prepared 
with  milk. 

LACTIPOTOR,  Galactopotes. 
LACTIS  CONCRETIONES,  Infarctus  Mam- 
msB  lacteus. 

LACTIS  REDUNDANTIA,  Galactia  — 1.  Ee- 
tentio,  Galactischesis — 1.  Sanguinolenti  Excretio, 
Galnctohffimia.  ' 

LACTISUGIUM,  Antlia  lactea. 
LACTIVORUS.  Galactophagous. 
LACTOMETER,  Galactometer. 
LACTU'CA,  from  lac,  'milk;'  so  called,  from 
its  milky  juice.     Lactuca.  Sati'va,  Lettuce,  Garden 
Lettuce,  Eunu'chivm  Meco'nis,  Thridax,  Cherhas, 
(F.)  Laitne  ordinaire,  is  used  as  a  wholesome 
salad.     The  seeds  possess  a  quantity  of  oil,  which, 
when  formed  into  an  emulsion,  has  been  advised 
in  ardor  urinaj,  &c. 

The  inspissated  juice, ZaefMca'm/rn,  Thrid'ace, 
resembles,  in  odour  and  appearance,  that  of  opium, 
and  is,  like  it,  narcotic,  but  uncertain.  Dose,  gr. 
j  to  X  and  more. 

Lactuca  Elongata,  see  L.  virosa  —  1.  Graveo- 
lens,  L.  virosa  —  1.  Floridana,  Mulgedium  Flori- 
danum. 

Lactuca  Scahi'ola,  i.  Sylves'tris,  Scariola, 
(F.)  Laitue  Scariole,  L.  Sanvage,  possesses  a 
stronger  degree  of  bitterness  than  L.  sativa.  It 
has  similar  virtues  with  Z.  virosa. 

Lactuca  Sylvestris,  L.  scariola — 1.  Villosa, 
Mulgedium  acuminatum. 

Lactuca  ViRo'sA,  L.graveolens,  Strong-scented 
Lettuce,  (F.)  Laitue  vi reuse.  The  odour  of  thia 
plant,  the  leaves  of  which  are  used  in  medicine, 
is  strongly  narcotic,  and  the  taste  bitter.  They 
are  narcotic,  diuretic,  and  aperient;  and  have 
been  used  in  dropsies.  Lacfu'ca  elonga'ta,  Wild 
Lettuce  of  the  United  States,  has  been  employed 
for  L.  virosa. 

LACTUCIMEN,  Aphtha. 
LACTUCIMINA,  Aphtha?. 
LACTUMEN,  Porrigo  larvalis. 
LACTUMINA,  Aphthoc. 

LACU'NA,  Canalic'ulus,  from  lacus,  'a  lake 
or  deep  ditch.  A  Fossa  or  Ditch.  A  small  cavity 
in  a  mucous  membrane,  the  parietes  of  which  se- 
crete a  viscid  humour.  It  is  used  synonymously 
with  crypt. 

Lacuna,  Crypto,  Fontanella  —  1.  Cerebri,  In- 
fundibulum  of  the  brain.  Pituitary  gland. 

Lacuna  seu  Sulcus  seu  Sul'culus  Labti  Stt- 
VEnionm,  Amab'ile,  Amato'rium,  Philtrum,  Phile'- 
trum.     The  hollow  of  the  upper  lip  under  the  nose. 
Lacuna  Magna,  see  Urethra. 
LACUNyE,  see  Urethra. 

Lacun-I",  of  Bone.  Certain  dark  stellate  spots 
with  thread-like  lines  radiating  from  them,  seen 
under  a  high  magnifying  power.  These  were  at 
first  believed  to  be  solid  osseous  or  bone  corpuscles, 
Corpus' cul a  os'sium  —  Corpuscles  of  Purhinje  ; 
but  are  now  regarded  as  excavations  in  the  bone 
—  Sac'ouli  chalicnph'ori  —  with  minute  tubes  or 
cnnaliculi  proceeding  from  them,  and  commnni- 
cating  with  the  Haversian  canals.     The  lacuuss 


LACUNAR 


499 


LAMINA 


and  earialicxili  are  fibres  concerned  in  the  transit 
of  nutrient  fluid  through  the  osseous  tissue. 

LiCUNvE  Gwaafia'NjE,  L.mueo'ncB  vxdvcB.    The 
mucous  follicles  of  the  vagina. 

Lacuna  Mocosj5  Vulv^,  L.  Graafian^  —  1. 
Palpebrarum,  Meibomius,  glands  of. 

LACU'NAR,  La'qnear,  '  an  arched  roof.'     The 
roof  of  a  chamber.     Hence, 

Lacu'nar  Or'bit^.     The  roof  of  the  orbit. 
Lacunar  Ventriculi  Quarti  Superior,  Val- 
vula  Vieussenii. 

LACUNE  JDE  LA  LANGUE,  Cacum  fora- 
men. 

LACUS  LACRYMALIS,  Lachrymal  sac. 
Lacus  Lacryma'rum.     a  small  space  in  the 
inner  angle  of  the  eye  between  the  lids,  towards 
which  the  tears  flow,  and  at  which  the  triangular 
canal  formed  between  the  closed  lids  terminates. 
LADA,  Piper  nigrum. 
LADANUM,  see  Cistus  creticus. 
LAD  EN  DO,  Influenza. 
LADIES  MANTLE,  Alchemilla.. 
LADIES'  SLIPPER,  SHOWY,  Cypripcdium 
speotabile  —  1.    Slipper,    stemless,    Cypripedium 
acaule — 1.  Slipper,  yellow,  Cypripedium  luteum. 
LADIES'  SMOCK,  Cardamine  pratensis. 
LADRERIE  (F.)  from  ladre,  'a  leper.'     (F.) 
Leproserie,    Jlhdadrerie.      A    vulgar    name    for 
elephantiasis,  or  lepra.     Also,  an  hospital  for  the 
reception   of  the  leprous,  Leprosa'rium,  Domus 
leprosa' ria,  Leper  hospital. 

LADYBIRD,  Coceinella  septempunctata. 
LADYBU6,  Coceinella  septempunctata. 
LADYCOW,  Coceinella  septempunctata. 
LADY    CRESPIGNY'S    PILLS,   see   Pilulee 
Aloes  et  Kinte  Kinse. 

Lady  Hesketh's  Pills,  see  Pilulae  Aloes  et 
Kinos  Kinse. 

Lady  Webster's  Pills,  see  Pilulae  Aloes  et 
Kinse  Kinte. 

L^MO PARALYSIS,  GEsophagoplegia, 
L^MOS,  Pharynx. 

L ^  M  0  S  C I R '  R  H  U  S ,  Cancer  plaryn'gis  et 
(egojiTi'acjt,  Lcsmosteno'sis  seu  Dyspha'gia  scirrho'- 
sn ;  from  Xuifjof,  'the  pharynx  or  oesophagus.' 
Cancer  of  the  phai-ynx  or  oesophagus. 

L^MOSTENOSIS,    Dysphagia    constricta — 
1.  Scirrhosa,  Lfemoscirrhus. 
L^SIO,  Lesion. 

L^TIFICAN'TIA,  from   Imfijleo  (leEfns,  and 
facia),  '  I  make  glad.'     Medicines  formerly  used 
as  cordials,  in  depression  of  spirits,  &c. 
LiEVIGATIO,  Levigation. 
L^VITAS  INTESTINORUM,  Lientery. 
LAGENTOMUM,  Harelip. 
LAGNEA,  Coition,  Satyriasis,  Sperm. 
LAGNEIA,  Coition,  Satyriasis,  Sperm. 
LAGNESI3,   Faror    Femininus,    Nymphoma- 
nia—  1.  Furor  masculiaus,  Satyriasis  —  1.  Salaci- 
tas,  Satyriasis. 

LAGNEUMA,  Coition,  Sperm. 
LAGNIA,  Satyriasis. 
LA6N0SIS,  Satyriasis. 
LAGOCHEILUS,  Harelip. 
LAG0NE3,  F  anks. 
LAGONOPONOS,  Pleurodynia. 
LAGONTOMUM,  Harelip. 
LAGOPHTIIAL'MIA,    from  \ayos,  'a  hare,' 
and  o(pS^a\ixo';,  'an  eye.'     Lac/ophthal'mus,  Hare's 
Eye;  Lepori'nus  Oc'iilns,  (F.)  (Eil  de  Lienre.     A 
vicious  arrangement  of  the  upper  ej'elid,  >vhich 
is  so  retracted  that  it  cannot  cover  the  globe  of 
the  eye  during  sleep.     It  has  been  asserted  that 
this  con'Mtion  of  the  eye  is  natural  in  the  hare 
when  asleep. 

LAGOPHTHALMUS,  Lagophthalmia,  Geum 
nrbanuvn. 

LAGOSTOMA.  Harelip. 


LATCIIE,  Sarsaparilla  Germanica — I.  des  Sa- 
hies,  Sarsaparilla  Germanica. 

LAIT,  Milk  —  I.  Aduucissan',,  Jjooch.  ex  ovo  — 
I.  d'Anesse,  Milk,  asses'  —  I.  d' Amandes,  Emulsio 
amygdalfe  —  I.  d'Asafoctida,  Mistura  asafcetidfe 
—  I.  de  Beitrre,  Buttermilk  —  I.  de  Brchis,  Milk, 
ewes'  —  I.  CailU,  Curds  —  I.  de  Chevre,  Milt, 
goats'  —  I.  Epanclie,  L.  repandii  —  I.  de  Fcmme, 
Milk,  human  —  I.  de  Jumeiit,  Milk,  mares'  —  I.  de 
Poule,  see  Ovum. 

LAIT  REPANDU,  (F.)  Lait  ^j)ancl>e.  A  po- 
pular expression  in  France,  under  which  is  com- 
prehended every  kind  of  disease  (and  particularly 
vague  pains)  occurring  after  delivery  ;  all  being 
ascribed  to  diffusion  or  deposition  of  milk. 

LAIT  DE  VACIIE,  Milk  of  the  cow— L  Vir- 
ginal, Virgin's  milk. 

LAITERON  DOUX,  Sonchus  oleraceus. 
LAITIAT,  (F.)  Sour  whey,  in  which  different 
wild  fruits  have  been  macerated.  Said  to  be  much 
used  in  the  Jura  as  a  refreshing  drink. 

LAITUE  ORDINAIRE,  Lettuce—?.  Sauvage, 
Lactuca  scariola — I.  IScariole,  Lactuca  scariola 
—  I.  Vireune,  Lactuca  virosa. 

LAKEWEED,  Polygonum  hydropiper. 
LALIA,  Voice,  articulated. 
LALLA'TION,  Lalla'tio,  Lamhdacis'nnia, 
Lahdacis'mns,  Lxd'lahy  speech.  Sauvages  uses 
this  term  for  a  vicious  pronunciation,  in  which 
the  letter  L  is  improperly  doubled,  or  softened, 
or  substituted  for  R. 

LAMAC,  Acacia;  gummi. 
LAMBDACISMU'S,  Lallation. 
LAMBDOID,  Lamhdoid'al,  Lamddi'des,  Lamb- 
do'des,  Lamhduidetis,  from  the  Greek  letter  A, 
\aiiPSa,  a,m\  aios,  'shape,'  'resemblance.'     Ana- 
tomists have  given  the  name  Lasibdoidal  Suture, 
Sntu'ra  Lamhdoida'lis  seu  lamhddides  seu  lamlh- 
doidea,  S.  Prorcp.,  to   the  suture,  formed  by  the 
parietal  bones  and  the  occipital,  because  it  re- 
sembles the  letter  A,  lambda,  of  the  Greeks.     II 
is  the  Ocdpito-parietal  suture — Suture  occipitale, 
(Ch.)     In   this  suture,   the   ossa  Wormiana  are 
most  frequently  met  with  ;  and  the  dentieulations  , 
are  most  distinctly  marked. 
LAMBEAU.  Flap. 
LAMBITIVUM,  Eclectos. 
LAMBKILL,  Kalmia  latifolia. 
LA31E,  Lamina — I.  Conice,  Taenia  semicircu- 
laris  —  I.  RuyKchienne,  Ruyschiana  tunica. 
LAMELLA,  Lamina. 

LAMEL'LAR,  Lamello'sus,  Lam'innted,  (F.) 
Lamellenx,  Lnmiveiix,  composed  of  thin  laminie 
or  leaves  —  as  the  Lamellar  or  laminated  tissue; 
I.  e.  the  areolar  tissue. 

LAj\!ELLEUX,  Lamellar. 
LAMENESS,  Claudication. 
LAM'INA,  Lamel'la,  (F.)  Lame.  A  thin,  flat 
part  of  a  bone;  a  plate  or  table,  as  the  cribriform 
lamina  or  plate  of  the  ethmoid  bone.  Lamina 
and  Lamella  are  generally  used  synonymously ; 
although  the  latter  is  properly  a  diminutive  of 
the  former. 

Lam'ina  Ciner'ea.  a  thin  layer  of  gray  sub- 
stance, which  forms  the  anterior  part  of  the  infe- 
rior boundary  of  the  third  ventricle  of  the  brain. 
Laji'tna  Cor'nea,  Tm'nia  Tari'ni.  A  yellow- 
ish band  or  a  thickening  of  the  lining  membrane 
of  the  ventricle,  by  which  the  vena  corpona 
striati  is  overlaid  in  the  lateral  ventricle  of  the 
brain. 

LA>rixA  Cribrosa,  Cribriform  lamella. 
Lamina  Cribrosa  Ossts  Ethmoihet,  see  Ori- 
hJS  —  l.  Medullnris  triangularis  cerebri,  Lyra. 

Lamina    pERiTONyEi  Externa.     The  outer  Ja- 
mina  or  fold  of  the  peritonaeum. 
Lamina  Prima  Cutis,  Epidermis. 
Lamina  Spira'lis,  Septum  scales,  Septum  cocS'- 
leeB  audito'ria.     A  partition  between  th*-  scal# 


LAMESTARIA 


500 


LAPARO-ENTEEOTOMT 


of  the  cochlea.  The  largest  part  of  this  next  the 
modiolus  is  formed  of  bone.  The  remainder,  or 
that  part  next  the  opposite  side  of  the  scalfe,  is 
composed  of  a  cartilaginous  membrane,  called,  by 
Valsalva,  Zona  seu  Zo'nula  Coch'lecB.  By  some 
anatomists,  the  lamina  is  divided  into  a  Zona 
oa'sea  and  Z.  mollis.  By  others,  it  is  considered 
to  consist  of  four  laminae,  when  examined  with  a 
strong  glass :  a  Zona  os'sea,  next  to  the  modiolus 
—  a  Zona  coria'cea,  on  the  outer  side  of  this  :  a 
Zona  vesicula'n's  —  and  a  Zona  membra na'cea, 
\7hich  is,  perhaps,  the  lining  membrane  of  the 
cochlea.  At  the  apex  of  the  cochlea,  the  lamina 
spiralis  terminates  by  a  pointed  hook-shaped  pro- 
cess, ham'ulus  lam'ina  spira'lis. 

LAii'iNiE  Dorsa'les,  Dorsal  lamincB.  Two 
oval  masses  on  each  side  of  the  primitive  groove 
of  the  embryo,  which  approach  so  as  to  form  a 
groove,  in  which  are  lodged  the  future  brain  and 
spinal  marrow. 

LaminjE  SpongioSjE  Nasi,  Turbinated  bones. 

Lam'ina  Vextra'les,  L.  viscera'les.  Thick- 
ened prolongations  of  the  serous  layer  of  the  ger- 
minal membrane,  which,  by  their  union,  form  the 
anterior  wall  of  the  ti-unk  of  the  new  being. 

LAMINA'RIA  DIGITA'TA,  Tangle.  One  of 
the  AlgtB  eaten  in  Scotland,  and  hawked  about 
the  streets  with  the  Pepper-dulse. 

The  leaf  of  a  sea-weed  —  a  species  of  Lami- 
naria  — is  employed  in  the  Himalayas  under  the 
name  of  goitre  leaf,  so  called  because  chewed  by 
the  inhabitants,  where  goitre  prevails. 

LAMINATED,  Lamellar. 

LAMINEVX,  Lamellar. 

LA'MIUM  ALBUM,  L.  folio' sum,  JJrti'ca  mor'- 
t'la,  Galeoj^'sis  Archangel' iea.  Dead  Neltle,  White 
Arch' angel  Nettle,  (F.)  Ortieblanche,  Ortie  morte. 
Infusions  of  this  plant  have  been  recommended 
in  uterine  hemorrhage,  and  leucorrhcea.  It  is 
not  used. 

La'mtum  Amplexicau'le,  Dead  Nettle,  Henhit; 
naturalized;  flowering  from  May  to  October;  is 
regarded  as  tonic,  diaphoretic,  and  laxative. 

LAjriDir  FoLiosuM,  L.  album  —  1.  Montanum, 
Melittis  melissophyllum — I.  Plinii,  Melittis  melis- 
sophvlhim  —  1.  Rubrum,  Galeopsis. 

LAMOTTE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  These 
thermal  springs  are  in  the  department  of  Isere, 
France.     Temperature,  184°. 

LAMPOURDE,  Xanthium. 

LAMPROPHO'NUS,  from  Aafirpo?,  'clear,'  and 
fixivri,  'voice.'     One  who  has  a  clear  voice. 

LAMPSANA,  Lapsana. 

LAMPYRIS,  Cicindela. 

LANA  PHILOSOPHORUM,  Zinei  oxydum. 

LANARIA,  Saponaria,  Verbascum  nigrum. 

LANCE  DE  3IAURICEAU,  (F.)  An  instru- 
ment invented  by  Maurieeau  for  perforating  the 
head  of  the  foetus.     A  perforator. 

LANCEOLA,  Lancet. 

LANCET,  Lancc'ola,  Lancet'ta,  Schaste'rion, 
Scalpum  chirur'gicum,  (F.)  Lancette, — diminu- 
tive of  laneea,  'a  lance.'  A  surgical  instrument, 
used  in  the  operation  of  phlebotomy.  It  is  com- 
posed of  two  parts,  the  handle,  (P.)  Chasee,  and 
the  blade,  (F.)  Lame.  The  former  is  made  of 
two  small  plates  of  ivory,  bone,  or  shell,  move- 
able 051  the  blade  for  whose  preservation  they  are 
intended.  The  blade  is  formed  of  well-polished 
steel.  Lancets  are  made  of  different  shapes ; 
some  being  broad -shouldered  —  others,  spear- 
pointed.  The  French  distinguished  three  kinds: 
I.  Lancette  d  grain  d'orge,  which,  on  account  of 
the  almost  oval  shape  of  its  point,  makes  a  large 
opening.  2.  The  L.  d  langne  de  serpent,  which 
13  very  narrow  towards  the  point;  and,  3.  The 
L  a  grain  d'avoine,  which  holds  a  medium  sta- 


tion between  the  two  former,  and  is  generally 
preferred. 

The  Abscess  Lancet  is  merely  a  large  lancet  fof 
the  purpose  of  opening  abscesses. 

LANCETTA,  Lancet. 

LANCETTE,  Lancet. 

LANCETTIER,  (F.)    A  lancet-case. 

LANCTNANT,  Lancinating. 

LAN'CINATING,  Lan'cinans,  from  lancinare 
[laneea,  '  a  lance'),  '  to  strike  or  ^thrust  through.' 
(F.)  Lancinant,  (substantive  JElancement.)  A 
species  of  pain,  which  consists  in  lancinations  or 
shootings,  similar  to  those  that  would  be  pro- 
duced by  the  introduction  of  a  sharp  instrument 
into  the  suffering  part.  It  is  especially  in  cancer 
that  this  kind  of  pain  is  felt. 

LAND'S  END,  CLIMATE  OF.  The  climate 
of  the  Land's  End,  in  England,  resembles  that 
of  the  south  of  Devonshire,  but  is  more  relaxing. 
It  is  considered  to  be  most  likely  to  prove  bene- 
ficial in  consumptive  cases,  in  which  the  disease 
is  accompanied  by  an  irritated  state  of  the  pul- 
monary mucous  membrane,  producing  a  dry 
cough.  Where  the  system  is  relaxed,  and  the 
secretion  from  the  lungs  considerable,  the  climate, 
it  is  conceived,  will  generally  prove  injurious. 
As  a  brumal  retreat,  the  southern  coast  of  De- 
vonshire would  seem  to  be  preferable  to  it. 

LANGEAC,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Aci- 
dulous, mineral  waters  at  Langeac,  in  the  de- 
partment of  Haute-Loire,  France.  They  are  em- 
plo3'ed  as  refrigerant,  aperient,  and  diuretic. 
They  contain  carbonic  acid,  carbonates  of  soda 
and  magnesia,  and  a  little  iron. 

LAN'GII  AQUA  EPILEP'TICA,  EpilepHic 
Water  of  Langius,  formerly  employed  against 
epilepsy.  It  was  composed  of  the  flowers  of  con- 
vallaria  and  lavender,  Spanish  tcine,  cinnainonf 
nutmeg,  mistletoe,  peony  and  dittany  roots,  long 
pepper,  ciibebs,  and  rosemary  floicers. 

LANGUE,  Tongue  —  I.  Abuisseur  de  la,  Glos- 
socatochus  —  I.  de  Carpe,  see  Lever  —  I.  de  Cerf, 
Asplenium  seolopendrium  —  I.  de  Chien,  Cj-no- 
glossum — I.  de  Serpent,  Ophioglossum  vulgatum. 

LANGUE UR,  Languor. 

LANGUOR,  Aph' esis,Fainfness,  (F.)  Lavguenr. 
A  species  of  atony,  depression,  or  debility,  which 
generally  comes  on  slowly. 

LANTA'NA,  Sage  Tree,  Blueberry,  (F.)  Cail- 
leau.  The  leaves  of  this  indigenous  plant  form 
a  fine-scented  tea,  like  L.  Camara  or  Bahama 
Tea,  and  L.  Pseudothe'a  or  Brazil  Tea.  The  tea 
is  iised  as  a  diaphoretic. 

LANU'GO,  Pili  cutis,  Pluma,  from  lana, '  wool.' 
The  soft,  fine  hair  on  different  parts  of  the  body, 
especially  of  the  young. 

Lanugo  Prima,  Geneias  —  1.  Pudendorura, 
Puhes — 1.  Siliqufe  hirsute,  see  Dolichos  pruriens. 

LANUVIUM,  Vulva. 

LAONI'CA  CURA'TIO  seu  CURA.  A  mode 
of  treating  the  gout,  which  consisted  in  the  em- 
ployment of  local  applications,  proper  for  evacii- 
ating  the  morbific  matter.(?) 

LAOS,  Tin. 

LAPACTICUS,  Cathartic,  Laxative. 

LAPARA,  Abdomen,  Flanks,  Lumbi. 

LAPAROCE'LE,  from  \avapa,  'the  lumbar 
region,'  and  kj/Aj;,  'rupture.'  Lumbar  Hernia, 
through  a  separation  of  the  fibres  of  the  quadra- 
tus  lumborum,  and  a  protrusion  of  the  aponeu- 
rosis of  the  transverse  muscle  on  the  outside  of 
the  mass  common  to  the  sacro-lumbalis  and  lon- 
gissimus  dorsi.  —  Cloquet. 

LAPAROCYSTOTOMIA,  see  Lithotomy. 

LAPARO-ELYTROTOMIA,  Cresarean  Sec- 
tion. 

LAPARO-ENTEROT'OMY,    La2i'aro-entero. 


LAPAK03COPIA. 


501 


LARYNGEAL 


tom'ln,  from  Xan-apot,  'the  lumbar  region,'  the 
'abdomen/  evrepov,  'intestine,'  and  ro^i?,  'inci- 
sion.' The  operation  of  opening  the  abdomen 
and  intestinal  canal,  for  the  removal  of  disease. 

LAPAROSCOPIA,  Abdominoscopia. 

LAPAROTOMY,  see  Gastrotomy. 

LAPATIIOS,  Rumex  acutus — 1.  Aquatieum, 
Humes  hydrolapathum — 1.  Chinense,  Rheum  — 
1.  Orientale,  Rheum  —  1.  Sanguineum,  Rumex 
sanguineus — 1.  Unctuosum,  Chenopodium  bonus 
Heuricus. 

LAPATHUM,  Rumex  acutus— 1.  Acutum,  Ru- 
mex acutus — -1.  Hortense,  Rumex  patientia  —  1. 
Pratense,  Rumex  acetosa  —  1.  Scutatum,  Rumex 
scutatus  —  1.  Sylvestre,  Rumex  acutus,  R.  obtu- 
sifulius. 

LAPE,  Mucus. 

LAPIDIL'LUM,  irom  lapis,  'a  stone.'  Blasius 
has  given  this  name  to  a  kind  of  scoop,  used  for 
extracting  stone  from  the  bladder. 

LAPILLATIO,  Lithia. 

LAPILLI  GLANDULE  PINEALIS,  see  Pi- 
neal gland. 

LAPIL'LUS,  diminutive  o?  lapis,  'a  stone.'  A 
email  stone;  gravel;  a  grain  of  sand. 

LAPIS,  Calculus  —  1.  Accipitrum,  Hieracites 
■ — 1.  Aerosus,  Calamina  —  1.  Ammoniaci,  see  Am- 
moniac gum  — 1.  Animalis,  Blood — 1.  Armenius, 
Melochites  —  1.  Aureus,  Urine  —  1.  Bezoardicus, 
Bezoar — 1.  Ceeruleus,  Cupri  sulphas — 1.  Calami- 
naris,  Calamina  —  1.  Carneolus,  Cornelian  —  1. 
Causticus,  Potassa  cum  calce,  Potassa  fusa  —  1. 
Collj'mus,  iEtites — 1.  Contrayervse,  Pulvis  con- 
traj'ervae  compositus  —  1.  Cyanus,  L.  lazuli. 

Lapis  Divi'nus,  L.  Ophthal' miens  seu  Opihthal'- 
rnicus  Sti.  Ivesii.  [Cupri  suljjhat.,  Alumin.,  Po- 
tass, yiitrat.  aa  gj-  Melt  together,  adding  at  the 
end  Camphor,  ^js.)  Employed  to  make  an  eye- 
water, 5'j  ^-d.  aqucB  ^iv. 

Lapis  Fulmineus,  Ceraunion  —  1.  Hematites, 
Hsematites — 1.  Heracleus,  Magnet— 1.  Infernalis, 
Argenti  nitras  —  1.  Infernalis  alkalinus,  Potassa 
fusa  —  1.  Infernalis  sive  septicus,  Potassa  cum 
calee — 1.  Judaicus,  Judseus  (lapis). 

Lapis  Lazu'li,  Lapis  Cy'anus,  Asulci,  Laz'u- 
lite,  (F.)  Pierre  d'azur,  Outremer.  A  stone,  of  a 
beautiful  blue  colour;  opake ;  and  close-grained; 
fracture,  dull.  It  is  composed  of  silex  ;  alumine; 
carbonate  and  sulphate  of  lime;  oxide  of  iron, 
and  water.  It  was  formerly  looked  upon  as  a 
purgative  and  emetic,  and  given  in  epilepsy. 

Lapis  Malucensis,  Bezoard  of  the  Indian 
porcupine  —  1.  Nauticus,  Magnet — 1.  Ophthalmi- 
cus, L.  Divinus  —  1.  Ophthalmicus  St.  Ivesii,  L. 
Divinus — 1.  Phoenicites,  Judaeus  (lapis)  —  1.  Por- 
cinus,  Bezoard  of  the  Indian  porcupine  —  1.  Pru- 
nella3,  Potass»  nitras  fusus  sulphatis  paucillo 
mixtus  —  1.  Sardius,  Cornelian  —  1.  Septicus, 
Causticum  commune,  Potassa  fusa  —  1.  Specula- 
ris,  S.  lucid um  —  1.  Syderitis,  Magnet  —  1.  Syri- 
a.cus,  Judaeus  (lapis)  — I.  Vini,  PotassEe  supertar- 
tras  impurus. 

LAPPA,  Arctium  lappa,  Galium  aparine,  Lip- 
pitudo  —  1.  Minor,  Xanthium. 

LAPPULA  HEPATICA,  Agrimony. 

LAP'SANA,  Lampsa'na,  Na'pium,  Papilla'- 
••!«  herba,  Bock-cresses,  Nipple-Wort,  (F.)  Lamp- 
sane,  Herhe  aux  ilamelles.  This  plant  is  a  lac- 
tescent bitter.  It  has  been  chiefly  employed, 
however,  as  an  external  application  to  sore  nip- 
ples, &,<•. 

LAPSUS  PILORUM,  Alopecia. 

LAQ,  Laqueus. 

LAQVE,  Lacca. 

LAQUEAR,  Lacunar. 

La'qubar   Vagi'NjE,   Fundtia    Vagina.      The 


part  of  the  vagina  in  which  the  cervix  uteri  ter- 
minates. 

LA'QUEUS,  Funis.  A  cord,  ligature  or  ban- 
dage, with  running  knots; — a  Noose,  a  loop,  A 
fillet,  Broclios,  Pach'etos,  (F. )  Laq  ou  Laeq. 
The  term  is  applied  to  a  bandage  or  fillet  of  any 
kind,  attached  by  means  of  a  loop  upon  any 
part,  with  the  view  of  fixing  it ;  as  in  certain 
cases  of  labour,  where  a  hand  or  foot  presents ; 
or  to  facilitate  extension  in  luxations  and  frac- 
tures. 

Also  : — A  prominent  band  in  the  brain,  behind 
the  brachium  posterius  of  the  corpora  quadrige- 
mina,  which  marks,  the  course  of  the  superior 
division  of  the  fasciculus  olivaris. 

Laqueus   Gut'turis,   'Noose  of  the   throat.' 
Violent  inflammation  of  the  tonsils,  in  which  the 
patient  appears  as  if  suffocated  by  a  noose.     Ac- 
cording to  some,  gangrenous  cynauche. 
LARCH,  Pinus  larix. 
LARD,  Adeps. 
LARDACE,  Lardaceous. 

LARDA'CEOUS,  Larda'eeus,  Lar'deus,  Lard'- 
iform,  Lardifor'mis,  (F.)  Lardace ;  from  lardum, 
'lard,'  the  fat  of  bacon.     An   epithet  given  to 
certain  organic  alterations  in  the  textures,  whose 
aspect  and  consistence  resemble  lard.  (F.)  Tissue 
lardaces. 
LARDEUS,  Lardaceous. 
LARDIFORM,  Lardaceous. 
LARGE,  Broad. 

LAPvIX,  Pinus  larix  —  1.  Communis,  Pinus 
larix — 1.  Decidua,  Pinus  larix  —  1.  Europaea,  Pi- 
nus larix — 1.  Pyramidalis,  Pinus  larix. 

LARKSPUR,  BRANCHING,  Delphinium 
consolida. 

LARME,  Tear. 
LAR3I0TEMENT,  Epiphora. 
LA-ROCHE  POSAY,   MINERAL  WATERS 
OF.     Simple  sulphurous  waters  in  the  depart- 
ment of  Vienne,  France. 

LARVA,  Mask.  Also  the  larve,  rfruh,  or  ver- 
miform condition  of  an  insect :  the  first  change 
it  experiences  after  leaving  the  ovum.  Larves 
of  insects  are  occasionally  developed  in  the  in- 
testinal canal  from  ova  swallowed.  See  Ectozoa. 
LAB  YNGE,  Laryngeal. 

LARYNGE'AL,  Larynge'vs,  (F.)  Laryvge, 
Laryngien.  Same  etymon  as  Larynx.  That 
which  belongs  to  the  larj'nx. 

Laryngeal  Arteries  are  given  off  from  the 
thyroid  arteries. 

Laryngeal  Nerves,  (F.)  Nerfs  Larynges, 
are  two  in  number  ;  —  a  superior  and  an  inferior. 
The  superior  laryngeal  nerve  is  given  off  from 
the  trunk  of  the  pneumogastric,  at  the  upper 
and  deep  part  of  the  neck.  It  passes  downwards 
and  inwards,  behind  the  internal  carotid  artery, 
and  divides  into  two  secondary  branches  ;  the 
one,  external,  which  distributes  it^  filaments,  on 
the  outside  of  the  larynx,  to  the  sterno-thyroid, 
hyo-thyroid,  constrictor  inferior,  crieo-thyroid 
muscles,  &,c.  The  other,  the  inlernal,  which 
crosses  the  thyro-hyoid  membrane,  and  gives 
filaments  to  the  epiglottis,  the  mucous  mem- 
branes of  the  pharynx  and  larynx,  to  the  aryte- 
noid gland,  the  arytenoid  and  crico-thyroid  mus- 
cles, and  ultimately  anastomoses  with  the  inferior 
laryngeal  nerve.  The  inferior  laryngeal  nerves 
or  recur'rents,  Nervi  reversi'vi,  Rameaux  Tra- 
cheaux  (Chaus.,)  arise  from  the  trunk  of  the 
pneumogastric  within  the  thorax.  They  ascend 
in  the  furrow,  which  separates  the  trachea  from 
the  oesophagus,  to  be  distributed  on  the  neck, 
after  having  been  reflected ; — the  left  around  tho 
arch  of  the  aorta;  the  right,  around  the  corre- 
sponding subclavian.  They  send  off  filaments 
to  the  cardiac  plexuses;  to  the  parietes  of  the 


LARYNGECHE 


502 


LASER 


(esophagus,  and  trachea;  to  the  thyroid  gland: 
lo  the  inferior  constrictor  of  the  pharj'nx ;  the 
posterior  and  lateral  crico-arytenoid  and  thyro- 
arytenoid muscles  ;  and  to  the  mucous  membrane 
of  the  pharynx  and  larynx. 

Laryngeal  Phthisis,  Phthisis,  laryngeal  —  1. 
Sound,  Laryngeche. 

Laryngeal  Veins  open  into  the  internal  jugu- 
lar. Winslow  gives  the  name  laryngeal  to  the 
Bujyerior  thyroid  artery. 

Laryngeal  Voice,  see  Voice. 
LARYNGE'CHE,  from  Aapuyl,  'the  larynx,' 
aaA  rixv  ov  nx°^'  'sound.'     The  laryngeal  sound 
heard  by  the  stethoscope  duj'ing  breathing  and 
speaking. 

LAR  YNGIEN,  Laryngeal. 
LARYNGISMUS  STRIDULUS,  Asthma  thy- 
micum. 

LARYNGITE,  Laryngitis— ?.  il/jfguewse,  La- 
ryngitis (simple) — I.  CEdematense,  Oedema  of  the 
glottis — I.  CEdematense  et  sero-pundente,  QSdema 
of  the  glottis  —  I.  avec  Production  de  Fausses 
membranes,  Cynanche  trachealis — I.  Pseudo-mem- 
braneuse,  Cynanche  trachealis — I.  avec  Secretion 
de  Pus,  Phthisis  laryngea  —  I.  Sus-glottiqtie, 
(Edema  of  the  glottis  —  I.  Striditleuse,  Asthma 
thymicum  —  I.  Sous-muqueuse,  (Edema  of  the 
glottis. 

LARYNGI'TIS,  from  Larynx,  and  itis,  a  suffix 
denoting  inflammation  ;  Infiamma'tio  Laryn'gis, 
Cynanche  larynge'a,  Angi'na  laryngea,  (F.)  La- 
ryngite,  Catarrhe  laryngien,  Angine  laryngS,  In- 
flammation of  the  Larynx.  This  disease,  in  some 
measure,  resembles  croup ;  but  is  usually  devoid 
of  that  peculiar  sonorous  inspiration,  which  at- 
tends the  latter.  There  is,  also,  pain  upon  press- 
ing the  larynx;  and,  whilst  laryngitis  is  a  disease 
of  more  advanced  life,  croup  attacks  children. 
The  membraniform  exudation  is,  also,  absent; 
proV/ably,  because  the  inflammation,  being  seated 
above  the  glottis,  the  coagulable  lymph  is  readily 
expectorated.  Lt  requires  the  most  active  treat- 
ment. 

Simple  Laryngitis  is  called  by  some  mticous 
Laryngitis,  laryngitis  acu'ta,  L.  tnuco'sa.  acuta, 
(F.)  Laryngite  muqueuse,  to  distinguish  it  from 
submucous  Laryngitis  or  (Edema  of  the  glottis. 

Chronic  Laryngitis  is  generally  regarded  as 
synonymous  with  laryngeal  phthisis ;  but  it  may 
exist  independently. 

Laryngitis  Acuta,  Laryngitis  —  1.  Chronic, 
«ee  Phthisis  Laryngea — 1.  Mucosa  acuta.  Laryn- 
gitis—  1.  Mucous,  Laryngitis  (simple)  —  1.  (Ede- 
matous, (Edema  of  the  glottis — 1.  Seropurulenta, 
(Edema  of  the  glottis  —  1.  Submucous,  (Edema  of 
the  glottis — 1.  et  Tracheitis  chronica,  see  Phthisis 
laryngea  —  1.  et  Tracheitis  infantilis,  Cynanche 
trachealis. 

LARYNGOCACE,  Cynanche  trachealis. 
LARYNGO-CATAR'RHUS,  Catarrhns  Laryn- 
gens  et  trachea'lis.  Catarrh  affecting  the  larynx 
and  trachea  more  especially,  as  indicated  by  al- 
teration of  the  voice  —  hoarseness  —  itching  and 
sensation  of  burning  in  those  parts ;  short  cough 
and  expectoration,  &c. 

LARYKGO-ET-TRACHEO-PHTHISIS, 
Phthisis  laryngea. 

LARYNGOG'RAPHY,  Laryngogra'phia;  from 
Aapy?,  'the  larynx,'  and  ypfxprj,  'a  description.' 
An  anatomical  description  of  the  larynx. 

LARYNGOL'OGY,  from  \apvy^,  'the  larynx,' 
ana  floyo?,  '  treatise.'  A  treatise  on  the  larynx. 
LARYNGO PARALYSIS,  see  Aphonia. 
LARYNGOPH'ONY,  Tracheoph'ony,  Laryn- 
ge'al  voice,  Tracheal  voice;  from  Larynx,  and 
pu)vn,  'voice.'  The  sound  heard  in  health,  when 
the  stethoscope  is  placed  over  the  larynx  or  tra- 


chea, at  the  time  a  person  speaks.  The  voice 
appears  to  pass  immediatelj'  up  to  the  ear  of  the 
auscultator.  A  similar  physical  sign  exists  when 
there  is  a  cavity  in  the  lungs,  and  the  instrument 
is  placed  over  it  whilst  the  patient  speaks.  See 
Pectoriloquy. 

LARYNGOPHTHISIS,  Phthisis  laryngea. 

LARYNGOSPASMUS,  Asthma  thymicum. 

LARYNGOSTASIS,  Cynanche  trachealis. 

LARYNGOSTENO'SIS;  from  )^apvy^,  '  the  la- 
rynx,' and  oTtvuiaig,  'contraction.'  Contraction 
or  narrowness  of  the  larynx. 

LARYNGOT'OMY,  Laryngotnm'ia,  from  Xa- 
pvy^,  'the  larynx,'  and  Ttjivnv,  'to  cut.'  A  sur- 
gical operation,  which  consists  in  opening  th© 
larynx,  either  to  extract  a  foreign  body,  or  to 
remedy  an  obstruction  of  the  glottis.  The  ope- 
ration is,  sometimes,  erroneously  called  Bronclio- 
tomy,  and  Tracheotomy. 

LARYNGO-TRACHEITIS,  Cynanche  tra^ 
chealis  —  1.  Tracheitis  with  Diphtheritic  exuda- 
tion, Cynanche  trachealis. 

LAR'YNX,  Xapvyl,  ('a  whistle.')  Caput  sen 
Oper'culum  seu  Init"iiim  seu  Finis  supe'rior  seu 
Ter'mijuts  superior  SQU  Pars  prima  as'pera.  arte'- 
riat.  The  apparatus  of  voice  is  situate  at  tho 
superior  and  anterior  part  of  the  neck;  and  at 
the  top  of  the  trachea,  with  which  it  communi- 
cates. It  is  composed  of  four  cartilages,  —  the 
thyroid,  cricoid,  and  two  arytenoid ;  is  moved 
by  a  number  of  muscles,  and  lined  by  a  mucous 
membrane,  having  certain  membranous  reflec- 
tions, constituting  the  su^ierior  ligaments  of  the 
glottis,  &c. 

Parts  composing  the  Larynx. 

Thyroid. 

Cricoid. 

Two  arytenoid. 

Epiglottis. 
'  Sterno-thj'roid. 

Constrictors    of    the 
pharynx. 

All    the   muscles  of 

the  hyoid  region. 
'  Crico-thyroid. 

Crico-arytenoid,  pos- 
terior. 

Cryco-arytenoid,  la,- 
teral. 

Thyro-arytenoid. 

Arytenoid. 


1.  Cartilages 


2.  Ifuscles.  ■ 


Extrinsic,    ■ 


Intrinsic, 


3.  AIucous  3Iembrane. 

C  Epiglottic. 

4.  Glands \  Arytenoid. 

[  Thyroid, 
r    nr     7  f  Thyro-hyoid. 

5.  Ilembranes |  Crico-thyroid. 

f  Crico-arj'tenoid. 
I  Thyro-arytcnoid- 


6.  Ligaments . 


The  vessels  and  nerves  of  the  larj-nx  are  called 
Laryngeal. 

The  larynx  is  destined  to  give  passage  to  the 
air,  in  the  act  of  respiration,  and  to  impress  upon 
it  certain  modifications,  which  constitute  voice. 
Its  dimensions  vary  in  different  individuals.  In 
men,  it  is  always  larger,  and  situate  lower,  than 
in  women. 

Larynx,  Pellicular  or  Plastic  Inflamma- 
tion OP  THE,  Cynanche  trachealis. 

LAS'ANUM,  Sella  familiar'ica,  (F.)  Chaie« 
perrec.     A  close  stool. 

LASCIVIA,  Satyriasis. 

LASCIVITAS,  Satyrinsis. 

LASCIVUS,  Libidinous. 

LASER,  La serpitium  —  I.  d  Largea  feuillet, 
Laserpitium  latifolium. 


LASERPITIUM 


503 


LAURUS 


LASERPIT"IUM,  Laser,  Sll'pMum,  o-og  aX- 
^ibv.  A  term  applied,  anciently,  both  to  a  plant 
and  its  juice,  regarding  the  nature  of  neither  of 
which  we  possess  any  precise  information.  Bent- 
ley,  Laurence,  Geoifroi,  &c.,  regard  it  to  have  been 
the  same  as  asafostida :  —  Theophrastus,  Diosco- 
rides,  and  the  ancient  scholiast  of  Aristophanes, 
however,  by  assigning  a  sweet  and  agreeable  fla- 
vour to  the  laserpitium,  discountenance  the  idea. 
From  whatever  plant  obtained,  it  was  so  rare, 
and  consequently  so  costly/  that  the  Romans  de- 
posited it  in  the  public  treasury.  It  was  obtained 
from  Gyrene  —  Succus  Cyrena'icus — and  likewise 
from  Persia — the  latter  being  the  most  valuable. 
The  Laserpitium  is  called  by  Avicenna,  AltiMt. 

Laserpitium  Asperijm,  L.  latifolium. 

Laserpitium  Latifo'lium,  L.  as'perum,  Gen- 
tia'na  alba,  White  Gentian,  Cerva'ria  alba;  (F.) 
Laser  a  larges  feuilles.  The  root  of  this  plant  is 
bitter  and  tonic. 

Laserpitium  Montanum,  L.  siler. 

Laserpitium  Siler,  L.  trifolia'tum  seu  mon- 
ta'num,  Ses'eli,  Siler  monta'inim  seu  land fo' Hum, 
Heart-iBort,  Sermountain.  The  seeds  and  roots 
are  possessed  of  aromatic  properties. 

Laserpitium  Trifoliatum,  L.  siler. 

LASSITUDE  OCULAIRE,  Copyopia. 

LASSITUDO,  Copos. 

LATENS  IN  ORE,  Pterygoideus  internus. 

LATENT,  Latens,  from  latere,  'to  lie  hid.' 
'  Lying  hid,'  '  concealed.'  An  epithet  applied  to 
certain  diseases  or  states  of  disease,  in  which  the 
symptoms  are  so  concealed  and  obscure,  morbi 
occul'ti,  as  to  escape  the  observation  of  the  phy- 
sician. Thus,  we  saj'  latent  inflammation,  latent 
period  of  small-pox. 

LAT'ERAD,  from  latus,  lateris,  'the  side.'  A 
t«rm  used  adverbially  by  Dr.  Barclay  to  signify 
'  towards  the  lateral  aspect.' 

LATERAL  ASPECT,  see  Mesial. 

LATERIT"IOUS,  Laferit"ius,  Lateric"ius, 
from  later,  'a.  brick.'  An  epithet  applied  to  the 
brick -like  sediment,  occasionally  deposited  in  the 
urine  of  people  alBicted  with  fever;  Sedimen'tum 
uri'nce  lateric" ium. 

LATESCENTIS  CHORDS  (Museulus),  Pal- 
maris  longus. 

LATEX  NIVBUS,  Milk. 

LATHYRIS,  Euphorbia  lathyris. 

LATIB'ULUM,  from  lateo,  'Hie  hid.'  The 
foyer  of  a  febrile  poison ;  whence  it  spreads  to 
every  part  to  induce  a  paroxysm.  See  Clapier. 
-  LAT'ICA.  Same  etymon.  AmpJiimer'ina  lat'- 
ica  of  Sauvages.  A  species  of  quotidian  remit- 
tent, whose  paroxysms  are  very  long,  and  which 
is  accompanied  with  latent  heat  (  ?  ),  whence  its 
name. 

LATICES  LACTEI,  Receptaculum  chvli. 

LATIS'SIMUS  colli,  Platysma  myoides. 

Latis'simus  Dorsi,  Anisealp'tor,  Brachium 
riiovens  quartus,  (F.)  Lombo-liumeral  (Ch.),  Dorsi- 
lombo-saero-humeral.  Muscle  grand  dorsal,  M.  tres 
large  dii  dos.  A  flat  muscle;  broad,  especially  belowj 
thin;  quadrilateral;  and  situate  at  the  posterior, 
lateral,  and  inferior  region  of  the  trunk.  It  is 
attached  to  the  posterior  half  of  the  outer  lip  of 
the  crest  of  the  ilium  ;  to  the  posterior  surface  of 
the  sacrum ;  to  the  spinous  processes  of  the  six 
or  seven  last  dorsal  vertebra3,  to  all  those  of  the 
loins,  and  to  the  last  four  false  ribs,  and  is  in- 
serted by  a  strong  tendon  at  the  posterior  edge 
of  the  bicipital  groove  of  the  humerus.  Its  upper 
fibres  are  almost  horizontal;  the  middle  very  long 
and  oblique  upwards  and  outwards  ;  and  the  an- 
terior almost  vertical.  This  muscle  carries  the 
arm  backwards,  depressing  it,  and  making  it  turn 
on  its  axis.  It  also  draws  backwards  and  down- 
Avards  the  prominence  of  the  shoulder.    When, 


suspended  by  an  arm,  we  make  an  effort  to  raise 
ourselves,  it  draws  the  trunk  towards  the  arm. 
It  can,  also,  raise  the  ribs  by  assuming  its  fixed 
point  on  the  humerus,  and  become  an  inspiratory 
muscle. 

LATITITDO  humeri,  Scapula. 

LATTICE  WORK,  Cancelli. 

LATUS,  Broad  —  1.  Ani,  Levator  ani. 

LAU,  see  Spirit. 

LAUCA'NIA,  Leuea'nia, Lau'chane,  from  Xavia 
'lenjoj','  'I  take.'     The  fauces  and  oesophagus  ^ 
Also,  the  chin.  —  Gorraeus. 

LAUCHANB,  Laucania. 

LAUD'ANUM  or  LAUDA'NUM.  Perhaps, 
from  ZaKS,  '  praise  :'  laiida'tum,  'Tpmised.'  Every 
preparation  of  opium,  solid  or  liquid,  but  more 
particularly  the  extract  and  tincture,  and  espe- 
cially the  latter. 

Laudanum  Abba'tis  Rousseau,  Guttm  Abhatis 
Roussean,  \innm  opia'tiim  fermentatio'ne  para'- 
tnm.  Abbe  Rousseau's  Z)ro2)s.  {Mel.  H'arbonnens., 
^xij;  aqiicB  calida,  Oiij.  Set  in  a  warm  place, 
and,  as  soon  as  the  mixture  ferments,  add  opium, 
§iv,  dissolved  in  water,  f5xij.  Let  it  ferment 
for  a  month,  and  evaporate  to  f§x:  strain,  and 
add  rectified  spirit  of  xoine,  ^ivss. 

Laudanum,  Ford's,  Vinum  opii  —  1.  Liquid, 
Tiuctura  opii  —  1.  Liquidum  Hofimanni,  Yinum 
opii  — 1.  Liquidum  Sydenhami,  Vinum  opii  —  1. 
Opiatum,  Extraetum  opii  —  1.  Simplex,  Extrac- 
tum  opii. 

LAUGH,  Risus — 1.  Sardonic,  Canine  laugh. 

LAUGHING,  Risus. 

LAUGHTER,  Risus. 

LAUREL,  Kalmia  latifolia.  Magnolia  macro- 
phylla  —  1.  Broad-leaved,  Kalmia  latifolia  —  1. 
Cherry,  Prunus  lauro-cerasus — 1.  Common,  Pru- 
nus  laui-o-cerasus — 1.  Dwarf,  Kalmia  angustifolia 
— 1.  Great,  Rhododendron  maximum — 1.  Ground, 
Epigsea  repens  —  1.  Mountain,  Kalmia  latifolia, 
Rhododendron  —  1.  Narrow-leaved,  Kalmia  an- 
gustifolia  —  1.  Poison,  Prunus  lauro-cerasus  —  1. 
Rose,  Kalmia  latifolia — 1.  Sheep,  Kalmia  angus- 
tifolia  —  1.  Swamp,  Kalmia  glauca  ■ — •  1.  Sweet,  , 
Illicium  Floridanum  —  1.  Water,  see  Prunus  lau- 
ro-cerasus—  1.  White,  Magnolia  glauca. 

LAURENT,  SAINT,  MINERAL  WATERS 
OF.  A  thermal  spring,  five  leagues  from  Joyeuso 
in  France.     Temp.  127°  Fahr. 

LAU  REN 'TI A  PINNATIF'IDA,  Pepper- 
dulse.  One  of  the  Alga3,  eaten  in  Scotland,  and 
hawked  about  the  streets  of  Edinburgh  along 
with  Lnmina'ria  digita'ta  or  Tangle. 

LAUREOLA,  Daphne  laureola. 

LA  URIER,  Laurus  —  I.  Alexandrin,  Ruseus 
hypoglossum — I.  Amandier,  Prunus  lauro-cerasus 
—  I.  Cerise,  Prunus  lauro-cerasus  —  I.  Rose,  Ne- 
rium  oleander. 

LAURO-CERASUS,  Prunus  lauro-cerasus. 

LAUPtUS,  Laurus  nob'ilis,  Ihiph'ue,  Sweet  Bay. 
Nat.  Ord.  Laurinese.  (F.)  Laurier.  The  lenves 
and  berries  havs  a  sweet,  fragrant  smell,  and  an 
aromatic,  astringent  taste.  Sweet  bay  has  been 
advised  as  a  stomachic  and  carminative,  but  is 
now  rarely  used.  It  is,  sometimes,  employed  as 
a  fomentation  and  in  glysters ;  and  the  berries 
are  an  ingredient  in  the  Emplastrum  Cumini. 

Laurus  ^stivalis,  L.  benzoin— 1.  Alexandrina 
angustifolia,  Ruseus  hj'poglossum — 1.  Camphora, 
see  Camphor. 

Laurus  Ben'zoin,  Benzoin  odorif'erum,  Lau- 
rus Pseudo-benzoin  seu  cBstiv-a'lis,  Spice  wood, 
Spice  bush.  Allspice  bush.  Wild  allspice,  Spiice 
berry.  Fever  icood.  Fever  busk.  An  indigenous 
shrub,  growing  in  moist,  shady  places  in  all  parts 
of  the  United  States ;  flowering  early  in  spring. 
All  parts  of  the  shrub  have  a  spicy,  agreeable 
flavour,  which  is  strongest  in  the  bark  and  dt- 


LAUTISSIMA 


504 


LEAD 


ries.  An  infusion  or  decoction  of  the  small 
branches  is  used  in  popular  practice  as  a  vei-mi- 
fuge,  and  agreeable  drink  in  low  fevers.  The 
bark  has  been  used  in  intermittents  :  the  berries, 
dried  and  powdered,  for  allspice.  The  oil  of  the 
berries  is  used  as  an  excitant. 

Laurds  Canella,  L.  Cassia. 

Laurus  Cas'sia,  L.  canel'la,Per' sea  cassia.  The 
species  of  laurus  which  yields  the  Cassia  lig'nea, 
Casia,  Cassia  cinnamo'm.ea,  Cortex  Canel'lcB  Ma- 
labar'iccB,  Cassia  lignea  Ilalahar'ica,  Xylo-cassia, 
Canel'la  Malaharica  et  Javen'sis,  Canella  Cuba'- 
iia,  Arbor  Juda'ica,  Cassia  Canel'la,  Canellif'era 
Jlalabar'ica,  Cortex  cras'sior,  Cinnamo'mum  Ma- 
labar'icum  sen  In'dicum  seu  Sinen'se,  Calihac'ha 
canel'la,  Wild  Cinnamon,  ilalabar  Cinnamon, 
Cassia,  (F.)  Cannelle  de  Malabar  ou  de  Java  ou 
de  la  Chine  ou  des  hides  ou  de  Coromandel,  C. 
■fausse,  C.  matte,  Casse  en  bois,  Casae  aromatique. 
The  bark  and  leaves  abound  with  the  flavour  of 
cinnamon,  for  which  they  may  be  substituted; 
but  they  are  much  weaker.  The  unopened  flower- 
buds  are  used  in  the  same  manner. 

Laurus  Cinnamo'mum,  Per'sea  cinnamo'mum, 
Cinnamo'mum,  G.  Zeylan'icum,  Darse'ni,  Darsi'ni, 
Cinnamon,  Xylo-cinnamomum,  Cuurdo  Canel'la, 
(F.)  Cannelle,  Baume  de  Cannelle,  Cannelle  offici- 
nale. Cinnamon  bark,  which  is  obtained,  also, 
from  the  Cinnamo'mum  aromat'icum,  is  stimulant 
and  carminative,  and  is  employed,  chiefly,  as  a 
grateful  aromatic,  to  cover  the  taste  of  nauseous 
remedies.  Dose,  gr.  x  to  J^j.  The  Flowers, 
called  CassicB  Flores  in  the  shops,  possess  aroma- 
tie  and  astringent  virtues,  and  may  be  used 
wherever  cinnamon  is  required.  The  volatile 
oil  of  the  bark  —  O'leum  Oinnamo'mi — Oil  of 
Cinnamon,  is  oflicinal  in  the  Pharm.  U.  S. 

Laurus  Cubeba,  Piper  cubeba — 1.  Culilaban, 
L.  Culilawan. 

Laurus  Culil'awan,  L.  CuUl'ahan  seu  Cary- 
ophyl'lus,  Cinnamo'mum  Culilawan.  The  tree  that 
affords  the  Cortex  Culilawan  seu  Culilaban,  Cu- 
lilawan, Culitlawan,  Cortex  caryopkylloides,  V. 
Caryophyllo'ides  Amboinen'sis.  This  bark  resem- 
bles the  sassafras  in  appeai-ance  and  properties, 
and  is  used  in  Java  as  a  condiment. 

Laurus  Malaeathrum,  see  Malabathrum  — 
1.  Nobilis,  Laurus  —  1.  Pseudobenzoin,  L.  Ben- 
zoin. 

Laurus  Sas'sAPRAS,  Per'sea  sas'safras.  Sas- 
safras, Cornus  mas  odora'ta,  Anhuiba,  Ague-free. 
Indigenous  in  the  United  States.  Sassafras  wood 
and  root,  and  especially  the  bark  of  the  root, 
Sassafras  Radi'cis  Cortex  (Ph.  U.  S.),  have  been 
considered  stimulant,  sudorific,  and  diuretic.  The 
virtues  depend  upon  essential  oil.  Oleum.  Sassa- 
fras, the  odour  of  which  is  not  unlike  that  of 
fennel.  It  has  been  used  in  cutaneous  diseases, 
chronic  rheumatism,  &c. 

The  pith  of  the  stems,  Sassafras  medul'la, 
abounds  in  gummy  matter,  which  it  readily  im- 
parts to  water,  forming  a  limpid  mucilage,  which 
is  much  employed  as  a  collyrium  in  ophthalmia, 
and  as  a  drink  in  dysentery,  catarrh,  &c.  (one 
dram  of  the  pith  to  a  pint  of  boiling  water). 

LAUTIS'SIMA  VINA.  {Lautus,  'elegant.') 
Wines  were  formerly  so  called,  which  were 
strongly  impregnated  with  myrrh. 

LAVAMBNTUM,  Clyster,  Enema. 

LA  VANDE,  Lavendula. 

LAVANDULA,  Lavendula. 

LAVEMENT,  Clyster,  ^nQxaa.—  l.  Antispas- 
inodique,  Enema  fcetidura. 

LAVENDER,  COMMON,  Lavendula— 1.  Sea, 
Stance  limonium,  Statice  Caroliniana. 

LAVEN'DULA,  from  lavo,  'I  wash  ;'  so  called 
from  b'iiug  used  in  baths.  Laven'dula  spiea  seu 
iatifo'lia,  Sjpica,  L.  vera,  Lavan'dula  (Ph.  U.  S.), 


Common  Lavender,  (F.)  Lavande,  Aspic,  Spic, 
The  odour  of  lavender  flowers  is  fragrant  and 
agreeable;  taste  warm  and  bitterish  —  depeading 
upon  an  essential  oil.  It  has  been  used  as  a  sti- 
mulant; particularly  in  the  form  of  the  oil, — 
O'leum  laven'dulcB.  The  dried  leaves  have  been 
employed  as  an  errhiue. 

The  French  use  the  Lavejdula  Stoechas,  Stop- 
cJias  et  Stichas  Arab'ica,  French  Lavender,  of 
which  they  have  a  compound  syrup,  Syru'pus  de 
stce'chade  compos' itiis :  given  as  a  pectoral. 

Lavendula  Latifolia,  Lavendula. 

LAVER  GERMANICUM,  Veronica  beeca- 
bunga — 1.  Odoratum,  Sisvmbrium  nasturtium. 

LAVIPEDIUM,  Pediluvium. 

LAAV  MEDICINE,  Medicine,  legal. 

LAWSONIA  ALBA,  L.  Inermis. 

Lawso'nia  Iner'mis,  L.  alba,  Alcan'a  vera,  A. 
Orienta'lis,  Ci/perus  antiquo'rum,  Ligus'trum 
yEgyptiacum,  Smooth  Lawso'nia,  ( F. )  Henne. 
An  East  Indian  and  African  plant,  the  root  of 
which  is  slightly  astringent. 

In  India,  the  root  of  the  Lawso'nia  spinosa  ia 
emploj^ed  in  lepra  and  other  cutaneous  afi'eetions. 

LAX,  Diarrhoea. 

LAXANS,  Laxative,  Relaxant. 

LAX'ATIVE,  Laxat.i'vus,  Laxans,  Le'niens, 
from  laxare,  'to  loosen;'  Minorati'vus,  Soluti'vus, 
Alvid'ucus,  Hy2}ecchoret'icus,  Hypago'gus,  Ily- 
pel'atus,  Hypocathar' ticus,  Lapac'ticus.  A  me- 
dicine which  gently  opens  the  bowels;  such  as 
tamarinds,  manna,  &c. 

LAXATIVUS  INDICUS,  Cambogia. 

LAXATOR  AURIS  INTERNUS,  L.  tym- 
pani. 

Laxator  Tympani,  L.  major  tym'pani,  Exter'- 
nus  mallei,  Ante'rior  mallei,  Obli' quus  aiiris,  Ex- 
ternus  auris  vel Laxator  inter'nus,  Eusta'chii  mvs'- 
culus,  (F.)Anterieur  du  marteau,  Spheni-salpingo- 
mallien.  A  muscle  which  arises  from  the  spine 
of  the  sphenoid  bone  and  from  the  cartilage  of 
the  Eustachian  tube,  and  is  inserted,  by  a  tendon, 
into  the  apophysis  of  Rau.  It  relaxes  the  mem- 
brana  tympani. 

Laxa'tor  Tym'pani  Minor.  A  very  small 
muscle  which  extends  from  the  upper  part  of 
the  external  auditory  canal,  and  is  inserted  at 
the  inferior  part  of  the  process  of  the  handle  of 
the  malleus.  Its  existence  is  denied  by  most 
anatomists. 

LAXITAS,  Atony  — 1.  Alvi,  Diarrhoea  — 1. 
Ingestorum,  Lientery  —  1.  Intestiuorum,  Lieu- 
tery  —  1.  Scroti,  Rhachosi.=  —  1.  Ventriculi,  Gas- 
terasthenia. 

LAX'ITY,  Lax'itas,  Laxnese.  Condition  of  a 
tissue,  when  loose  or  relaxed;  or  of  one  which 
wants  tone.  We  say  laxity  of  fibre,  laxity  of 
skin,  to  express,  that  those  parts  have  lost  some 
of  the  tenseness  proper  to  them. 

LAYER,  ANIMAL,  see  Tache  cnibryonnaire — 
1.  Mucous,  see  Tache  embryonnaire  —  1.  Serous, 
see  Tache  embryonnaire  —  1.  Vascular,  see  Tache 
embryonnaire — 1.  Vegetative,  see  Tache  embryon- 
naire. 

LAYERS  OF  THE  BLASTODERMA,  see 
Tache  embryonnaire. 

LAZARET'TO,  Lazaret,  Lazar-house,  from 
(I.)  lazzero,  'a leper.'  A  solitary  edifice  in  most 
seaports  of  magnitude,  intended  for  the  disinfec- 
tion of  men  and  goods  proceeding  from  places 
where  contagious  diseases  are  prevailing. 

LAZULITE,  Lapis  lazuli. 

LEAD,  Plumbum  — 1.  Black,  Graphites  — 1. 
Chloride  of,  Plumbi  chloridum — 1.  Colic,  see  Co- 
lica  metallica- — 1.  Iodide  of,  Plumbi  iodidum  —  1. 
Nitrate  of,  Plumbi  ultras — 1.  Oxyd  of,  somi-vitri- 
lied,  Plumbi  oxydum  semivitreum — 1.  Pai'aly&is, 


LEAD-POISONING 


505 


LEMONADE 


Bee  Palsy,  lead  —  1.  Red,  Plumbi    oxidum  ru- 
brum. 

Lead  RHEU'MATiSjr,  Lead  Neural' giajArthraV- 
g!a  of  M.  Tanquerel.  The  neuralgic  and  spas- 
modic pains  caused  by  the  poison  of  lead. 

Lead,  Subcarbonate  of,  Plumbi  superacetas 
—  1.  Tannate  of,  see  Tannin  —  1.  White,  Plumbi 
subcarbonas. 

LEAD-POISONING,  3folyhdo'sis,  Morhiw 
plumheus,  Cacochi/m'ia  2>li">ibea,  (F.)  Intoxication 
gaturnine.  Morbid  phenomena  induced  by  lead 
received  into  the  system. 

LEADWORT,  Plumbago  Europjsa. 
LEAF,  SOUR,  Andromeda  arborea. 
LEAMINGTON,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Saline  ivaters  at  Leamington,  about  two  miles 
east  of  Warwick,  England,  which  contain  chlo- 
ride of  sodium,  sulphate  of  soda,  and  chlorides 
of  calcium  and  magnesium. 
LEANNESS,  Emaciation. 

LEAP,  Sax.  hlEppan,  Saltus,  Salit"io,  Exal- 
s-is,  (F.)  Saut;  Bound,  Jump,  —  the  act  of  leap- 
ing. Muscular  movement  or  movements,  by  which 
the  body  is  detached  from  the  soil  by  the  forcible 
and  sudden  extension  of  the  lower  limbs,  previ- 
ously flexed  upon  the  pelvis. 

LEAPING  AGUE.  This  disease  is  said  by 
the  Scotch  writers  to  be  characterized  by  in- 
creased efficiency,  but  depraved  direction,  of  the 
will,  producing  an  irresistible  propensity  to  dance, 
tumble,  and  move  about  in  a  fantastic  manner, 
and  often  with  far  more  than  the  natural  vigour, 
activity,  and  precision  !     See  Mania,  dancing. 

LEATHER  FLOWER,  Clematis  viorna  — 1. 
Wood,  Direa  palustris. 

LEB'ANON,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  The 
spring  at  Lebanon,  26  miles  east  of  Albany,  New 
York,  is  an  almost  pure  thermal.  Temp.  72° 
Fahr. 

LECHENEION,  Torcular  Herophili. 
LECHO,  Puerpera. 
LECHOPYRA,  Puerperal  fever. 
LE  GRAN,  Cochlearia  armoracia. 
LEGONTIA,  Peltandra  Virginica. 
LECTISTER'NIUM,  from  hctus,  'a.  bed,'  and 
sternere,  '  to  spread.'     The  arrangement  of  a  bed 
so  as  to  adapt  it  to  a  particular  disease.     Also,  a 
supplication,  with  the  Romans,  in  times  of  public 
danger,  when  beds  or  couches  were  spread  for  the 
gods,  as  if  they  were  about  to  feast,  and  their 
images  were  taken  down  from  their  pedestals  and 
placed   upon  these   couches    around   the  altars. 
The  lectisternium  was  first  introduced  in  the  time 
of  a  pestilence.  —  Livy. 

LECTUA'LIS,  from  lecfus.  'a,  bed.'     An  epi- 
thet applied  to  a  protracted  disease. 
LEDE  SAUVAGE.  Ledum  sylvestre. 
LEOTULUS  STRAMINEUS,  Fanon. 
LEDOYEN'S  DISINFECTING  LIQUID.     A 
solution  of  nitrate  of  lead,  {Plumb,  nitrat.  ^j  ad 
aqucB  f  §  i,)  used  as  an  antiseptic  .and  antibromic. 
LEDUM  LATIF O'LI UM,  X«6m(7or'  Tea, 
frrows  in  damp  places,  in  Canada  and  the  United 
States.     The  leaves  have  a  pleasant  odour  and 
taste,  and  have  been  used  as  tea.  They  have  also 
been  esteemed  pectoral  and  tonic. 

Ledum  Palits'tre,  Rosmari'mis  sylves' tris,  An- 
thos  sylves'tris,  Marsh  Tea,  (F.)  Lede  ou  Bomarin 
eauvage.    Nat.  Ord.  Ericinese.    Sex.  St/st.  Decan- 
dria  Monogynia.     This  plant  has  a  bitter,  sub- 
astringent  taste,  and  was  formerly  used  in  Switz- 
erland in  place  of  hops  :  the  virtues  are  equivocal. 
LEB,  Feculence,  Lixivium,  Ley,  Lye. 
LEECH,  Hirudo,  see  Ectozoa. 
LEEK,  Allium  porrum. 
LEES,  SOAP,  Liquor  potassas. 
LEG,  (Danish,)  Orus,  Scelos,  Cneme.    The  por- 


tion of  the  lower  extremity,  which  extends  from 
the  knee  to  the  foot.  It  consists  of  three  bones ; 
Tibia,  Fibtda,  and  Patella,  and  also  of  a  great 
number  of  muscles,  vessels,  and  nerves."  The 
projection,  formed  by  the  muscles  at  the  back 
part  of  the  leg,  has  received  the  name  of  Calf  of 
the  leg.  It  is  the  special  attribute  of  man,  and 
proves  that  he  is  destined  to  be  biped. 

Leg,  Swelled,  Phlegmatia  dolens  —  1.  Cochin, 
see  Elephantiasis. 

L  E  G  I  T '  I  MAT  E,  Legit'imxis,  from  lex,  legis, 
'law;'  Genui'nua,  Giie'sios.  An  epithet  applied 
to  things  which  are  according  to  rule.  A  legiti- 
mate child,  (F.)  Ell/ant  legitime,  is  one  conceived 
or  born  during  marriage.  Legitimate  diseases, 
(F.)  Maladies  legitimes,  are  those  which  follow  a 
regular  march. 

LEGNA,  from  >£yvov,  'a  fringed  edge.'     The 
orifice  of  the  pudendum  muliebre,  or  of  the  uterus. 
LEGUME,  Legumen. 

LEGU'MEN,  from  lego,  '1  gather:'  (F.)  Le- 
gume, Goiisse.  So  called  because  it  is  usually 
gathered  by  the  hand,  instead  of  beipg  reaped. 
All  kinds  of  ]}idse,  as  peas,  beans,  &c.,  are  thus 
termed. 

LEGUMIN,  Casein. 

LEICHEN,  Lichen. 

LEI'OPUS,  Li'opus,  Plancus,  Plautus,  Plotus, 
from  \uos,  '  smooth,'  and  -kovs,  'a  foot.'  One  who 
is  aifeeted  with  Jlat-footedness,  splay-footedness, 
Leiopod'ia,  Liopod'ia.  One,  the  soles  of  whose 
feet  are  flat,  instead  of  having  the  concavity  which 
they  commonly  present. 

LEIOSIS,  Comminution. 

LEIPHiE'MIA,  LiphcB'mia  :  same  etymon  as 
Leiphajmos.     Poverty  or  paucity  of  blood. 

LEIPH^MOI,  Achroi. 

LEIPH^'MOS,  LiphcB'mos,  (F.)  Leipheme, 
from  Aeijtu),  'I  want,'  and  'aiita,  'blood.'  A  word 
sometimes  used  adjectively ;  at  others,  substan- 
tively, either  for  a  vicious  state  of  the  blood  —  or 
rather  for  a  sort  of  antemia — or  for  the  patient 
who  labours  under  this  condition. 

LEIPHEME,  Leipha3mos. 

LEIPO,  Lipo. 

LEIPODERMIA,  Aposthia. 

LEIPODER'MOS,  Lipoder'mos,hom\u-!Tu>,  'I 
want,'  and  iepfia,  'skin.'  One  who  wants  a  part 
of  his  skin.  It  is  especially  applied  to  one  who 
wants  the  prepuce.     See  Apella  and  Aposthia. 

LEIPOMERIA,  Lipomeria. 

LEIPOPSYCHIA,  Syncope. 

LEIPOTHYMIA,  Syncope. 

LEIPYR'IAS,  from  Xzl-ku),  'I  want,'  and  mp, 
'fire,'  or  'heat.'  A  species  of  continued  fever, 
referred  to  by  the  Greek  physicians,  in  which 
there  is  burning  heat  of  the  internal  parts  and 
coldness  of  the  extremities.  Avicenna  described, 
under  this  name,  a  kind  of  hemitritsea. 

LEMA,  Chassie. 

LEME,  Lippitudo. 

LEMITHOCORTON,  Corallina  Corsicana. 

LEMMA,  Cortex,  Feculence,  Furfur,  Sedimen- 
tum. 

LEMNISCUS,  Pessary,  Tent. 

LEMON  GROUND,  Podophyllum  montanum 
—  1.  Juice,  see  Citrus  medica  —  1.  Juice,  artificial, 
see  Citrus  medica  —  1.  Peel,  see  Citrus  medica  — 
1.  Tree,  Citrus  medica  —  1.  Wild,  Podophyllum 
montanum. 

LEMONADE',  Limona'dn,{'F.)  Limonade.  Le- 
mon juice  diluted  with  water  and  sweetened.  Seo 
Citrus  medica. 

Lemonade,  Dry,  (F.)  Limonadc  seche.  Citno 
or  tartaric  acid  reduced  to  powder  and  mixed  with 
sugar.  Lemonade  Poicders  may  be  made  as  fol- 
lows : — Pound  3  ji  '^  citric  arid  -with  a  few  dropa 


LEMOSITAS 


506 


LEPRA 


of  essoncc  of  lemon-peel  and  §j  or  more  of  lump 
sugar.  Divide  into  six  papers,  each  of  whicli  will 
make  a  glass  of  lemonade.     See  Citric  acid. 

Limonade  Gazeuse,  (F.)  is  an  agreeable  drink 
prepared  by  adding  syrup  of  lemons,  raspberry, 
&Q.,  to  water  saturated  with  carbonic  acid. 
LEJfONADE,  Magsesian,  Magnesias  citras. 
Lemonade,  Nitric.     Nitric  acid  considerably 
diluted  with  water,  and  sweetened. 

Lemonade,  sulphuric,  and  Lemonade,  tar- 
taric, are  made  with  the  sulphuric  and  tartaric 
acids. 

LEMOSITAS,  Chassie,  Lippitudo. 
LENIENS,  Laxative,  Lenitive. 
LENIS,  Lenitive. 

LEN'ITIVE,  Leniti'vus,  Lenis,  Len'iens,  Epia'- 
ma,  Mit'igans,  from  lenio,  'I  assuage.'  A  medi- 
cine, which  allays  irritation  or  palliates  disease ; 
also,  a  laxative  medicine.  A  lenitive  electuary  is 
one  that  purges  gently. 

LENOS,  Toreular  Hcrophili. 
LENS,  Ervum  lens — 1.  Crystalline,  Crystalline 
— ^1.  Esculenta,  Ervum  lens. 

LENTIC'ULA.  Dim.  of  lens,  '&  lentil.'  A 
freckle.  Also,  the  eruption  of  lenticular  fever. 
See  Ephclides. 

LENTICULAR  GANGLION,  Ophthalmic  G. 
LENTICULA'RES  G  L  A  N '  D  U  L  iE,  Lentic'- 
ular  glands.     Mucous  follicles,  having  the  shape 
of  a  lentil,  which  are  observed  esjpeeially  towards 
the  base  of  the  tongue. 
LENTIGO,  Ephelides. 
LENTIL,  Ervum  lens. 

LENTILLE,  Ervum  lens — I.  Crystalline,  Crys- 
talline —  1.  Ers,  Ervum  ervilia. 

LENTIS'CINUM  VINUM.  Wine  impregnated 
with  mastich  ;  from  LeittiscKo,  '  the  m.istich  tree.' 
LENTISCUS  VULGARIS,  Pistacia  lentiscus. 
LENTITIA,  Lentor. 
LENTITIS,  Phacitis. 
LENTITUDO,  Lentor. 

LENTOR,  Lentit"ia,  Lentitu'do,  from  lentus, 
'  clammy.'  A  viscidity  or  siziness  of  any  fluid. 
See  Gluten. 

LENUM,  Toreular  Herophili. 
LEONO'TIS  LEONU'RUS.  A  South  African 
plant,  which  has  a  peculiar  smell  and  nauseous 
taste,  and  is  said  to  produce  narcotic  effects  if 
incautiously  nsed.  It  is  employed  in  decoction 
in  chronic  cutaneous  distascs.  The  Hottentots 
smoke  it  like  tobacco,  and  take  a  decoction  of  its 
leaves  as  a  strong  cathartic.  It  is  also  given  as 
an  eramenagogue.  In  the  eastern  districts  of  the 
Cape  Colony,  Leonotis  ova'ta  is  used  for  the  same 
purpose. 

LEONTI'ASIS,  Leon'tion,  from  \mv,  'a  lion.' 
A  name  given  to  lepra  of  the  face,  from  some 
fancied  resemblance  between  the  countenance  of 
those  labouring  under  it  and  that  of  the  lion.  To 
this  kind  of  lepra  the  epithets  le'onine  and  le'on- 
tine  have  been  given. 

LEON'TICE  THALICTROIDES,  Caulophyl- 
lum  thalictroides. 

LEONTION,  Leontiasis. 

LEON'TODON  TARAX'ACUM,  L.  officina'le, 
seu  vxdga're,  Tarax'acum  officina'le.  Dens  Leo'nis, 
Hedyp'nois  tarax'acum,  Urina'ria,  Cajnit  Mon'a- 
chi,   Dandeli'on,  Piss-a-bed,  Puffhall,   (F.)  Pis- 
Kenlit,  Liondent.    Order,  Compositse.    The  young 
leaves  are  sometimes  eaten  as  salad.     The  roots 
are,  also,   roasted  and  used  as  a  substitute  for 
coffee.     The  root,   Tarax'acum,  (Ph.  U.  S.,)  is, 
moreover,  reputed  to  be  aperient  and  diuretic; 
hence  its  vulgar  name.     Its  efficacj'  is  doubtful. 
Leonotis  Ovata,  see  Leonotis  leonurus. 
LEONTOPODIUM,  Alchemilla. 
LEONU'RUS,  from  Xcuy,  'a  lion,'  and  ovpa,  'a. 
tail.'     Li'jn's  Tail, 


Leonurus  Cardi'aca,  Agripal' ma  Gallia,  Mar- 
rit'hium,  Cardi'aca  erisj^a  seu  triloha'ta  seu  rml' 
ga'ris,  Herba  cardiaca,  H.  Pata  lapi'nce,  3/other- 
loort,  Throaticort,  (E .)  Agripiaume.  Its  properties 
are  those  of  a  nauseous  bitter;  and  hence  it  has 
been  used  in  hysteria  and  other  nervous  affections. 
Leonurus  Lanatus,  Ballota  lanata. 
LEOPARD'S  BANE,  ROMAN,  Arnica  mon- 
tana,  Doronicum  pardalianches. 

LBPAS,  Lepis,  At-af,  gen.  XcTiaSos;  Xems,  gen. 
\cizi6og,  '  a  scale.' 

LEPER,  see  Leprous. 
Leper  Hospital,  Ladrerie. 
LEPIA  CAMPESTRIS,  Thlaspi  campestre  — 
1.  Sativa,  Lepidium  Iberis. 

LEPID'IUM,  from  Aettj^,  'a  scale;'  so  called 
from  its  supposed  usefulness  in  cleansing  the 
skin  from  scales  and  impurities.  Pepi-per-wort. 
Lepidium  Campestre,  Thlaspi  campestre. 
Lepid'ium  Ibe' ris, /ie'ris,  Cardaman'tica,  Sci- 
at'ica  cresses.  This  plant  possesses  a  warm,  pene- 
trating, pungent  taste,  like  other  cresses,  and  is 
recommended  as  an  antiscorbutic,  antiseptic,  and 
stomachic. 

Lepidium  SATi'vDM,Zep''fl'  sati'va,  Thlaspi  nas- 
tur'tiiim  seu  sati'vnm,  Nastur'tium  horten'se  seu 
sati'vum,  Garden  cress,  Dittander,  (F.)  Cresson 
alenois,  Cresson  des  Jardins.  This  plant  pos- 
sesses warm,  stimulating  properties,  and  is  used 
like  the  last. 

Lepidium  Squamatum,  Cochlearia  coronopus. 
LEPIDODES,  Squamous. 
LEPIDOIDES,  Squamous. 
L  E  P I D  0  S AR  C  0'  MA,  Tumor  aqunmifor'mis 
carno'sus.    A  fleshy  tumour,  covered  with  scales; 
from  Xe-15,  'a  scale,'  and  aapKwjia,  'a  fleshy  tu-  ■ 
mour.'     Marcus  Aurelius  Severinus  describes  tu- 
mours of  this  kind  in  the  interior  of  the  mouth. 
LEPIDOSIS,  Scaly  diseases. 
LEPIDOSIS  ICHTHTIASIS,  Ichthyosis —1. 
Ichthyiasis  cornigera,   Horny   excrescences — 1. 
Lepriasis,  Lepra — 1.  Pityriasis,  Pityriasis — 1.  Pso- 
riasis, Psoriasis. 

LIPID  OTIS  CLAVATA,  Lycopodium  clara- 
tum 

LEPIRA,  Lepra. 
LEPIS.  Scale. 

LEPORINUM  LABIUM,  Harelip  — 1.  Ros- 
trum, Harelip. 

LEPORINUS  OCULUS,  Lagophthalmia. 
LEPRA,  Lepi'ira.,  from  Xettij,  'a  scale.'  Lepi- 
do'sis  Lepri'asis,  Lepro'sis,  Lepro'sltas,  Vitili'go, 
Lepra  Grmco'rum,  Herp>es  furfura'ccus  circina'- 
tiis,  Leprosy,  (F.)  Lepre,  3Ial  6'aint-3fain,  Dartre 
fiirfuracee  arrondie.  This  term  has  been  ap- 
plied to  various  affections,  very  diS"erent  in  cha- 
racter. 1.  To  the  Leprosy  of  tlie  Jems,  Levee,  Xe-- 
pjido'sis,  Lepriasis  canes'cens.  Lepra  Jfosa'ica  seu 
Hebrao'rum,  —  a  variety  of  the  Alphas  or  Lepra 
alpho'i'des.  The  leuce  was,  generally,  not  scaly, 
but  consisted  of  smooth,  shining  patches,  on  which 
the  hair  turned  white  and  silky,  and  the  skin, 
with  the  muscular  flesh,  lost  its  sensibility.  It 
was  incurable.  To  the  Elephantiasis  or  Lepra  of 
the  Arabs,  see  Elephantiasis  ;  and  .3.  To  the  Lepra 
of  the  Greeks,  which  includes  all  the  varieties  met 
with  at  the  present  day.  It  is  characterized  by 
scaly  patches  of  different  sizes,  but  having  always 
nearly  a  circular  form.  Bateman  and  Willan 
describe  three  chief  varieties  of  this  lepra. 

1.  Lepra  alpho'i'des,  Lepido'sis  Lepri'asis  af- 
bida,  Alphns,  Jlforpjha'a  alba,  Vitili'go  alphns, 
Al'barns  alba,  Albarces,  Albaros,  Lepre  ecailleuse 
of  Alibcrt,  White  leprosy.  An  aflection,  charac- 
terized by  white  patches,  surrounded  by  a  rose- 
coloured  areola,  which  appears  here  and  there  oa 
the  surface;  depressed  iu  the  middle. 


LEPRE 


60r 


LEUCOIUM 


2.  Lepra  nigricans,  Lepra  nielas,  YitiWijo  me- 
las,  V.  Nigra,  Morphm'a  nigra.  Lepra  macido'sa 
nigra,  Al'baraa  nigra,  Melas,  Lepido'sis  lepri'uais 
ni'gricntis.  Black  leprosy ;  iu  -which  the  scales  are 
livid;  the  size  of  half  a  dollar;  and  diffused  over 
the  body,  but  less  widely  than  in  the  Alphoides. 
The  French  pathologists  usually  admit  three  spe- 
cies of  lepra,  to  which  they  give  the  epithets  scaly, 
[squamense,)  crustaceous,  [crustacee,)  and  tuber- 
cular, [tuhercnleuse,)  according  as  the  skin  may 
be  covered  with  scales,  crusts,  or  tubercles. 

3.  Lepra  vulga'ris,  Lepido'sis  lepri'asis  vulga'- 
ris,  Dartre  fiirfuracee  arrondie,  of  Alibert,  cha- 
racterized as  follows :  scales  glabrous,  whitish, 
size  of  a  crown  piece;  preceded  by  smaller  red- 
dish and  glossy  elevations  of  the  skin,  encircled 
by  a  dry,  red,  and  slightly  elevated  border ;  often 
confluent;  sometimes  covering  the  whole  of  the 
body  except  the  face. 

Lepra  appears  to  be  endemic  in  Egypt,  in 
Java,  and  certain  parts  of  Norway  and  Sweden. 
Imperfect  and  faulty  nutriment  appears  to  con- 
tribute to  its  development.  The  means,  best 
adapted  for  its  removal,  are  : — a  mild,  unirritating 
diet,  emollient  fomentations — sulphureous  baths, 
fumigations,  &c. ;  but,  often,  all  remedial  agents 
will  be  found  ineffectual. 

Lepra  Arabum,  Elephantiasis  Arabiea — 1.  Bo- 
realis,  Radzyge  —  1.  Fungifera,  Framboesia  —  1. 
Groecorum,  Lepra  —  1.  Hebrseorum,  see  Lepra  — 
1.  Ichthyosis,  Ichthyosis  —  1.  Lombardica,  Pella- 
gra— 1.  Maculosa  nigra,  L.  Nigricans — 1.  Medio- 
lanensis.  Pellagra  —  1.  Mercurial,  Eczema  mer- 
curiale  —  1.  Mosaica,  see  Lepra  —  1.  Norvegica, 
Ptadzyge  —  1.  Squamosa,  Impetigo  —  1.  Taurica, 
Mai  de  Grimee. 

LEPRE,  Lepra  —  I.  des  Cossaques,  3fal  de 
Grimee  —  I.  Ecailleuse,  Lepra  alphoides  —  I.  Hu- 
mide,  Impetigo. 

LEPRICUS,  Leprous. 

LEPROSARIUM,  Ladrerie. 

LEPROSERIE,  Ladrerie. 

LEPROSIS,  Lepra. 

LEPROSITAS,  Lepra. 

LEPROSY,  Lepra  —  1.  Black,  Lepra  nigricans 
—  1.  Norwegian,  see  Radzyge  —  1.  White,  Lepra 
alphoides. 

LEP'ROUS,  Lepro'sus,  Leprot'iexis,  Lep'rious, 
Lepro'des.  Relating  to  or  resembling  or  affected 
with  leprosy  ;  a  leper, 

LEPSIS,  Attack. 

LEPTAN'DRA  VIRGIN'ICA,  Veroni'ea 
Virgin' ica,  Cali'er's  physic.  An  indigenous  plant, 
which  grows  throughout  the  United  States,  and 
flowers  in  August.  The  flowers  are  white,  and 
terminate  the  stem  in  a  long  spike.  A  variety 
with  purple  flowers  has  been  described,  as 

Leptandra  Purpu'rea,  Physic  root,  Black 
root,  Whorlyxoort,  Gidvert  root,  Brinton  root.  Bow- 
man root.  The  root  is  bitter  and  nauseous,  and 
■when  fresh  is  emetic  and  cathartic.  In  the  dried 
state  it  is  more  uncertain.  Dose  of  the  powder, 
gr.  XX  to  3j. 

LEPTO,  LEPTOS,  Xtirros,  'thin,'  'light.' 
Hence : 

LEPTOCHRO'A,  Lep'iocJiros,  from  Aettto?, 
'thin,  fine,'  and  XP'"'>  XP"'"'  ' ^^^  colour  of  the 
skin :  the  skin.'     Fineness,  thinness  of  skin. 

LEPTOCHYM'IA,  from  Xeirro;,  'thin,'  and 
j^;!;/jo?,  'a  juice.'     Morbid  thinness  of  the  juices. 

LEPTOHYME'NIA,  from  Xetttos,  'thin,'  and 
'oiivv,  'a  membrane.*  Thinness,  delicacy  of  mem- 
brane. 

LEPTOMER'IA,  from  Xstttos,  'thin,  fine,'  and 
ftepos,  '  a  part.'  Fineness,  delicacy  of  bodily  for-^ 
mation. 

LEPTONTIQVES,  Attenuants. 


LEPTOPHONIA,  Oxyphonia. 

LEPTOSPERMUM  LEUCADENDRTTl^ 
Melaleuca  cajaputi. 

LEPTOTHRIX,  Leptotrichus. 

LEPTOT'RICHUS,  Leptothrix,  from  Xsjrroj, 
'fine,'  and  ^pi^,  'hair.'     One  who  has  fine  hair. 

LEPTOTROPH'IA,  Microtroph'ia,  Microtra. 
pez'ia,  from  Atirro;,  '  light,'  and  rpo^rj,  '  nourish- 
ment.'    Light  nutrition. 

LEPTYNSIS,  Emaciation. 

LEPTYNTICA,  Attenuants. 

LEPTYSMOS,  Emaciation. 

LEREMA,  see  Dementia. 

LERESIS,  see  Dementia. 

LERUS,  Delirium,  see  Dementia. 

LE'SION,  Las'sio,  from  lasus,  'hurt,'  'injured.' 
Derangement,  disorder;  any  morbid  change,  either 
in  the  exercise  of  functions  or  in  the  texture  of 
organs.  Organic  lesion  is  synonymous  with  or- 
ganic disease. 

LESSIVE,  Lixivium. 

LESSIVE  DES  SAVONNIERS,  Liquor  po- 
tassK.  Also,  a  solution  of  caustic  soda  in  water, 
containing  about  3  parts  of  soda  to  8  of  water. 

LESSIVE  DE  TARTRE,  Liquor  potassse 
subcarbonatis. 

LETALITAS,  Mortality. 

LETHALIS,  Lethiferous,  MortaL 

LETHALITAS,  Mortality. 

LETHAR'GIC,  Lethar'gicus,  Veterno'sm,  (F.) 
Lethargique.  Relating  to  lethargy;  affected  with 
lethargy. 

LETHARGIQUE,  Lethargic. 

LETH'ARGY,  Lethar'gia,  Lcthar'gus,  Gams 
lethargus,  Veter'nus,  Obliv'io  iners,  from  Xij-^jj, 
'oblivion,'  and  apyia,  'idleness.'  A  constant  state 
of  stupor  from  which  it  is  almost  impossible  to 
arouse  the  individual;  and,  if  aroused,  he  speedily 
relapses  into  his  former  condition. 

LE'THEON,  from  MO'i,  'oblivion.'  A  name 
given  by  some  to  sulphuric  ether,  when  inhaled 
as  an  anassthetic  agent. 

LETHIF'EROUS,  Le'thifer,  Letha'lis,  Lethif- 
icus,  Mor'tifer,  Mortif  eroiis,  from  A)/©/?,  '  death/ 
and  0£pa),  '  I  bear.'     Death-bearing;  deadly, 

LBTHUM,  Death. 

LETTUCE,  Lactuca— 1.  Blue,  Mulgedium  acu- 
minatum—  1.  False,  Mulgedium  Floridauum  —  1. 
Indian,  see  Calumba — 1.  Strong-scented,  Lactuca 
virosa  —  1.  White,  Nabalus  albus  —  1.  Wild,  Lac- 
tuca elongata. 

LETUM.  Death. 

LEUCADES,  see  Sclerotic. 

LEUCiE'MIA,  Leuka'wia,  from  Aeuot?,  'white, 
and  'ai\ia,  'blood.'  A  condition  of  the  blood  in 
which  it  is  deficient  in  colouring  matter. 

LEUCJETHIOPIA,  see  Albino. 

LEUC^THIOPS,  Albino. 

LBUCANIA,  Laucania. 

LEUCANTHEMUM,  Anthemis  nobilis,  Matri- 
caria  chamomilla  —  1.  Vulgare,  Chi'ysauthemum 
leucanthemum. 

LEUCE,  Lepra  (of  the  Jews.) 

LEUCELECTRUM,  Succinum  (album.) 

LEUCITIS.  Sclerotitis. 

LEUGOCYTH^'MIA,  from  AewKoj,  'white,' 
ffUToj,  'cell,'  and  'aijua,  'blood.'  A  condition  of 
the  blood,  which  consists  in  a  superabundant 
development  of  the  white  corpuscles,  a  disease 
which  has  been  observed  at  times  to  be  accom- 
panied by  enlargement  of  the  spleen  and  liver, 
and  at  others  by  increased  size  of  the  lymphatio 
glands. 

LEUCODENDRON,  Melaleuca  cajaputL 

LEUCGENUS,  see  Wine. 

LEUCOIUM,  Lunaria  rediviva  —  L  Luteum, 
Cheiranthus  cheiri. 


LEUCOLEIN 


508 


LEVATOR 


LETJCOLEIX,  Leukoleinum. 
LEUCO'MA,  from  ^cvKog,  '  white.'  Ocnlo'ium 
alhu'go,  Leueom' ma,  Leuco'sis,  Albu'go,  AVbuht, 
Ceratolenco' ma,  Ephel'otes.  Leucoma  and  Al- 
hugo  are  often  used  synonymously  to  denote  a 
ivhite  opacity  of  the  cornea.  Both  are  essentially 
different  from  nebula  of  the  cornea;  nebula  being 
usually  the  result  of  chronic  ophthalmy  and  an 
effusion  of  a  milky  serum  into  the  texture  of  the 
delicate  continuation  of  the  conjunctiva  over  the 
cornea;  —  the  others  are  the  result  of  violent, 
acute  ophthalmia^  In  this  state,  a  thick,  coagu- 
lable  lymph  is  estravasated  from  the  arteries, 
sometimes  superficially,  at  other  times  deeply 
into  the  substance  of  the  cornea.  On  other  occa- 
sions, the  disease  cousjsts  of  a  firm,  callous  cica- 
trix on  this  membrane, — the  effect  of  a  wound  or 
ulcer  with  loss  of  substance.  The  aft'ection  is 
more  diiScult  of  cure  in  proportion  to  its  duration 
and  to  the  age  of  the  individual ;  the  activity  of 
the  absorbents  being  greater  in  youth.  If  inflam- 
mation still  exist,  antiphlogistics  must  be  perse- 
vered in,  and,  afterwards,  gentle  stimulants  be 
used  to  excite  absorption ;  along  with  the  in- 
ternal use  of  mercury  or  iodine. 

Leucoma,  Albumen  —  I.  Margaritaceum,  see 
Margaritaceus. 

LEUCOMMA,  Leucoma. 
LEUCOMOPlIA,  Guttubuth, 
LEUCONECRO'SIS,  from  Af«/fo?„  'white,'  and 
f£«:pio<7£j,  '  death.      A  form  of  dry  gangrene, — the 
opposite  in  apjiearance  to  anthraconecrosis. 
LEUCOXYMPHiEA,  Nymphasa  alba. 
LEUCOPATHIA,  see  Albino,  Chlorosis. 
LEUCOPHAGIUM,  Blanc-manger. 
LEUCOPHLEGMASIA,  Leucophlegmatia^l. 
Dolens  puerperai-um,  Phlegmatia  dolens. 

LEUCOPHLEG MA'T lA,  LeucopMegmasia, 
Hydrops  leiicojjlilcgma'tias,  Tumescen'tiu  pitui- 
to'sa,  from  \zvko;,  'white,'  and  (pXcyiia,  'phlegm.' 
A  di'opsieal  habit.  Some  writers  use  the  word 
synonymously  with  anasarca  and  oedema;  others 
with  emphysema. 

Leucophlegmatia  ^THiopuir,  Chthonopha- 
gia. 

LEUCOPIPER,  Piper  album. 
LEUCOPYRIA,  Hectic  fever. 
LEUCORRHEE,  Leucorrhoea. 
LEUCORRHCE'A,  Fluxiis  vel  Fluor  mulie'hris, 
Proflu'vium  mulie'bre,  Cursus  matri'cis,  Fluxus 
mntri'cis,  Elytri'tis,  C'oleosi'tis,  Coljpi'tis,  Eestil- 
lu'tio  u'teri,  Fluxio  alba,  F.  Vul'vcB,  Ulcus  u'teri, 
Catar'rhus  genita'lium,  Hysterorrhm' a  muco'sa, 
Gatarne'nia  alba,  Menses  albi.  Men' strua  alba, 
Menorrhag"ia  alba,  Fluor  mulie'hris  non  Gal'li- 
cus,  Blennelyt'ria,  Gonorrhce'a  benig'na  notha  in- 
vetera'ta,  Purga'tio  mulie'hris  alba,  Alba  piurga- 
nien'ta,  Cachex'ia  uteri'na,  Mheuma  u'teri,  U'teri 
Cory'za,  Medorrhce'a  feniina'rum  insons,  Blen- 
nqrrhce'a  seu  Blennorrliag" ia  genita'lium,  ^doeo- 
blennorrhce'a  seu  Medoblennorrhoe'a  femina'rum  ; 
The  whites;  (F.)  Flcurs  ou  Flueurs  blanches, 
Pertes  blanches,  Ecoulement  hlane,  Catarrhe  ute- 
rin,  Perte  uterine  blanche,  from  \evKog,  '  white,' 
and  p£(o,  'I  flow.'  A  more  or  less  abundant  dis- 
charge of  a  white,  yellowish,  or  greenish  mucus ; 
resulting  from  acute  or  chronic  inflammation  or 
from  irritation  of  the  membrane  lining  the  genital 
organs  of  the  female.  Vag"inal  Leucorrhwa  has 
been  termed  Blennorrhcea  seu  Fluor  albiis  vagi'- 
v<p,,  L'wiorrhxja'a,  Medorrhfe'a  vagincB,  Vogini'tis, 
Klytioblennorrhce' a,  Colporrhoe'a.  —  Uterine  Leu- 
corrhoea has  received  the  names  Fluor  alhus  uteri, 
Leucojrhce'a  seu  Medorrhos'a  uteri,  Metroblennor- 
rhos'a,  'F.)  Leucorrhee  uterine,  Catarrhe  uterin. 
It  is  often  attended  with  pain  and  a  sense  of 
weariness  in  the  loins,  abdomea  and  thighs;  dis- 


ordered digestive  functions,  &c.,  so  that,  at  times, 
the  health  suffers  largely,  although  there  are  few 
females  who  are  not  occasionally  subject  to  mode- 
rate leucorrhoea.  Attention  to  the  general  health, 
change  of  air,  keeping  up  a  perspirable  state  of 
the  surface  by  flannel  worn  next  the  skin,  the 
horizontal  posture,  &c.,  do  more  than  pharma- 
ceutical agents ;  which  are  almost  entirely  con- 
fined to  astringent  injections.  These  may  be 
employed,  when  the  discharge  is  so  great  as  to 
require  them. 

Leccorehcea  Analis,  see  Hsemorrhois  —  L 
Nabothi,  see  Parturition. 

LEUCORRHOIS,  see  Hsemorrhois. 

LEUCO'SES;  from  Xbvkos,  'white.'  In  the 
nosology  of  M.  Alibert,  all  the  diseases  of  tbo 
lymphatic  apparatus.  The  7th  family  in  his  A'o- 
sologie.  In  that  of  Fuchs,  it  is  a  family  of  dis- 
eases, (G.)  Leukosen,  which  includes  the  va- 
rious forms  of  anajmia. 

Leucosis,  Leucoma,  Paleness. 

LEUK  or  LOCCHE,  MINERAL  "WATERS 
OF.  Saline,  chalj'beate  waters,  about  six  leagues 
distant  from  Sion.  They  contain  chloride  of  so- 
dium, with  a  little  sulphate  of  magnesia;  sul- 
phate of  lime,  carbonate  of  magnesia,  carbonic 
acid,  and  protoxide  of  iron. 

LEUKEMIA,  Leucaemia. 

LEUKOLEIN'UM,  Chinolein'um,  Leuhol, 
Leu'coleine,  Leu'eolein,  Chi'nolein,  Chi'nolin. 
This  substance  is  the  product  of  the  dry  distilla- 
tion of  coal:  mixed  with  picolin,  anilin  and  other 
substances,  in  mineral  tar.  It  is  procured,  also, 
by  heating  qninia,  cinchonia  and  strychnia,  with 
as  concentrated  a  ley  of  potassa  as  can  be  made. 
Its  specific  gi-avity  is  1.081 ;  and  it  is  slightly 
soluble  in  water,  and  miscible  in  all  proportions 
with  alcohol,  ether  and  essential  oUs. 

LE  VAIN,  Ferment. 

LEVA'TOR  AN'GULI  ORIS,  Abdu'cem  la- 
bio'rum,  Eleva'tor  labiorum  commu'nis,  Cani'nus, 
(F.)  Sus  maxillo-labial,  Petit  sus-maxillo-lahiul 
(Ch.),  Muscle  canin.  A  small,  fiat,  long,  quadri- 
lateral muscle,  which  arises  from  the  fossa  ca^ 
nina,  and  is  inserted  at  the  commissure  of  the 
lips,  where  it  is  confounded  with  the  triangularis. 
It  raises  the  corner  of  the  mouth,  and  draws  it 
towards  the  ear. 

Levator  Ani,  Levator  magnus  seu  interniu, 
Latus  ani,  Eleva'tor  ani,  Sedem  attol'lens,  (F.) 
Pubio-coccygien  anmdaire,  Sous  pubio-coccygien 
(Ch.),  lieleveur  de  I'aniis.  A  muscle,  situate  at 
the  lower  part  of  the  pelvis.  It  is  broad,  flat, 
quadrilateral,  and  broader  above  than  below.  It 
represents  a  kind  of  membranous  partition,  which 
closes  the  outlet  of  the  pelvis,  and  the  upper 
concavity  of  which  is  opposed  to  that  of  the  dia- 
phragm. It  is  attached,  above,  to  the  posterior 
surface  of  the  body  of  the  pubis,  to  the  upper 
part  of  the  obdurator  foramen,  and  to  the  spine 
of  the  ischium  ;  and  is  inserted  iiio  the  coccyx, 
into  an  aponeurotic  line  common  to  it  and  its 
fellow,  and  into  the  lateral  parts  of  the  rectum. 
This  muscle  supports  the  rectum;  riiises  it,  and 
carries  it  upwards  during  the  evacual'on  of  the 
excrement.  It  can,  also,  compress  tbe  bladder 
and  vesiculfc  seminales,  and  thus  favouv  Che  ex- 
pulsion of  the  urine  and  sperm. 

Levator  Ani  Parvus,  Transversus  perinan — 
1.  Auris,  Attollens  aurcm  —  1.  Coccygis,  Coecy- 
geus. 

Levator  Glan'oul-^;  Tyroi'devE.  A  muscle 
occasionally  found  connected  with  the  upper  bor- 
der or  isthmus  of  the  thyroid  gland;  .and  attached 
Superiorly  to  the  body  of  the  os  hyoides,  or  to  the 
thyroid  cartilage. 

Levator  Menti,  Levator  labii  inferioris  —  L 


LEVATOR 


509 


LIATKIS 


Oculi,  Rectus  superior  oculi  —  1.  Proprius  sca- 
puloo,  L.  seapulse. 

Levator  Labii  Infeeio'ris,  Levator  menti, 
Elevator  labii  ivferio'ris,  lacisi'vvs  infe'rior, 
Elevator  labii  inferioris  pro'prius,  iTua' cidns  pe- 
nicilla'tus,  (F.)  Houppe  du  menton,  lieleveur  de 
la  levre  infericur,  lieleveur  du  menton.  A  portion 
of  the  mento-labial  of  Chaussier.  A  small  muscle 
lituate  before  the  symphysis  menti.  It  is  thick, 
■jonical ;  and  attached  by  its  apex  to  a  fossette  at 
the  side  of  the  symphysis  in  the  inferior  maxil- 
lary bone.  Its  fibres  proceed  diverging  and  van- 
ishing in  the  manner  of  a  tuft,  (F.)  Houppe,  on 
the  skin  of  the  chin.  This  muscle  raises  the 
chin,  and  pushes  upwards  the  lower  lip. 

Lbtatoe  Labii  Supeeio'eis  Al^qtje  Nasi, 
Incisi'vus  latera'lis  et  pyramida'lis,  (F.)  Grand 
Bus-maxillo-lubial  (Ch.,)  Elevateur  commun  de 
I'aile  du  nez  et  de  la  levre  siipcrieure.  This  mus- 
cle is  a  fleshy,  thin,  triangular  bundle,  situate  at 
the  sides  of  the  nose.  It  arises  from  the  ascend- 
ing process  of  the  superior  maxillary  bone :  thence 
its  fibres  descend  in  a  diverging  manner,  a  part 
being  inserted  into  the  ala  of  the  nose,  and  a  part 
losing  themselves  in  the  upper  lip.  This  muscle 
raises  the  upper  lip  and  ala  nasi,  which  it  draws 
a  little  outwards. 

Levator  Labh  Supeeioeis  Peopeitjs,  3fus'- 
etdus  i?icisi'vus,  Elevator  labii  superioris  pro- 
prius, (F.)  Jloi/en  sus-maxillo-luhial,  (Ch.,)  Or- 
hito-maxillo-labial.  This  thin,  fiat,  quadrilateral 
muscle  is  situate  at  the  middle  and  inner  part  of 
the  face.  It  arises  from  the  os  malse  and  the  os 
maxillare  superius,  and  is  inserted  into  the  upper 
lip,  which  it  raises,  at  the  same  time  carrying  it 
a  little  outwards. 

Levatoe  Pala'ti,  Levator Palaii  Jlolli-s,  Petro- 
salpin'go-stapihyli'nus,  Salpin' go-stapliyii' nus  in- 
ter'niw,  Salpiingo-staphyliniis,  Pter' ygo-staphyli- 
niis  externus,  Spheno-stapTiylinus,  Spheno-palati'- 
ni's,  PeristapJiijlinus  inter  nus  siqjerior,  Petro-sta- 
phylin,  (Ch.)  This  muscle  is  long,  narrow,  and 
almost  round  above  ;  broader  and  flatter  infe- 
riorly.  It  arises  from  the  lower  surface  of  the 
pars  petrosa ;  from  the  cartilage  of  the  Eusta- 
chian tube ;  and  is  inserted  into  the  substance  of 
the  velum  palati.  Its  use  is  to  raise  the  velum 
palati. 

Levator  Pal'pebe^  SrPEEio'Eis,  Palpehrce 
e^iperioris  p>rimits,  Apiertor  Oc'uli,  Ape'riens  Pal- 
pebra'rum  rectus,  Eeclu'sor  palpehra'rum,  (F.) 
Orhito -palpebral  (Ch.),  Orbito- sits -palpebral, 
Eletateur  de  la  paupih-e  superiettre.  A  long, 
sma'l,  thin  muscle,  situate  at  the  upper  part  of 
the  orbitar  cavity.  By  its  posterior  extremity  it 
is  inHsrted  into  the  little  ala  of  the  sphenoid  bone, 
immediately  in  front  of  the  foramen  opticum,  and, 
by  its  anterior  extremity,  which  is  expanded,  it 
terminates  at  the  upper  margin  of  the  tarsal  car- 
tilage of  the  eyelid.  This  muscle  raises  the 
■upper  eyelid,  draws  it  backwards,  and  sinks  it 
into  the  orbit. 

Levator  Pros'tat^,  (F.)  Beleveur  de  la  pros- 
tate. Santorini  has  given  this  name  to  the  ante- 
rior fibres  of  the  levator  ani,  which  embrace  the 
prostate. 

Levatoe  Scap'ul.e,  Eleva'tor  scapula,  Eleva- 
tor sou  Mus'culus  Patien'tim,  Angula'ris  vulgo 
Levator  pro'prius,  —  (F.)  Trachelo -scapidaire 
(Ch.),  Angulaire  de  Vomoplate,  Eeleveur  de  I'omo- 
plate.  This  muscle  is  so  called,  because  it  is 
attached  to  the  upper  and  internal  angle  of  the 
scapula.  It  is  situate  at  the  posterior  and  lateral 
part  of  the  neck,  and  at  the  upper  part  of  the 
Lack.  It  is  long,  flat,  and  broader  above  than 
below.  In  this  latter  direction,  it  is  inserted  into 
the  superior  internal  angle  of  the  scapula;  and, 
in  tplie/oi'jner,  into  tho  tops  of  the  transverse  pro- 


cesses of  the  first  four  cervical  vertebrae.  It  de- 
presses the  prominence  of  the  shoulder,  by  raising 
the  posterior  angle  of  the  scapula,  on  which  it 
impresses  a  kind  of  rotary  motion.  It  can,  also, 
draw  the  head  to  one  side. 

Levatoe  Ure'the.e,  (F.)  Peleveur  de  VUr^- 
thre.  Santorini  describes  under  this  name  a 
portion  of  the  transversus  perinrei  muscle. 

LEVATORES  COSTARUM,  Supracostales. 

LEVEN,  Ferment. 

LEVER,  from  levare,  'to  lift  up.'  Vectis, 
JIoclilus,  Porrec'tum.  An  inflexible  rod,  turning 
round  a  fixed  point,  and  used  for  moving  bodies, 
bearing  burdens,  or  raising  them.  The  point  on 
which  the  lever  moves  is  called  the  Fulcrum,  Hy- 
pomoch'lion.  The  force  which  moves  the  lever 
is  called  the  power;  and  the  weight  to  be  moved, 
the  resistance.  There  are  three  kinds  of  levers. 
A  lever  of  the  first  kind  has  the  fulcrum  between 
the  power  and  resistance.  A  lever  of  the  second 
kind  has  the  resistance  between  the  fulcrum  and 
power;  whilst  a  lever  of  the  third  kind  has  the 
poicer  between  the  fulcrum  and  resistance.  In 
the  locomotive  system  of  the  human  body,  we 
have  examples  of  all  the  three  kinds.  The  bones 
represent  levers :  the  muscles  of  locomotion  are 
p>owers  ;  the  weight  of  parts  to  be  moved  consti- 
tutes the  resistance.  The  fulcra  ai-e,  at  times, 
the  joints;  at  others,  the  ground,  <tc.  The  head 
moves  on  the  neck,  as  a  lever  of  the  first  kind ; 
the  first  cervical  vertebra  forming  the  fulcrum. 
■\Ye  rise  on  tiptoe  by  a  lever  of  the  second  kind, 
the  fulcrum  being  the  ground  under  the  toes; 
and  we  have  examples  of  a  lever  of  the  third 
kind  in  the  flexion  of  the  fore-arm  on  the  arm,  in 
the  elevation  of  the  arm,  <fce. 

Lever,  Hystero-vioch'linm,  Jlochlis'cus,  Vectis 
obstetric" ins,  Vectis,  (F.)  Levier,  is  an  instrument 
curved  at  the  extremity,  and  having  a  fenestra. 
It  is  used  to  assist  the  extraction  ot'the  child's 
head,  when  instrumental  aid  is  necessary.  Le- 
vers are,  also,  used  by  the  dentist  for  extracting 
stumps,  <tc.  The  Levier  de  VEcluse,  Langue  de 
Carpe,  Trivelin  or  Punch,  is  employed  for  ex- 
tracting the  molar  teeth. 

LEVI'ATHAN  PENIS,  Pria'pus  Ccti,  Bale'- 
nas.  The  penis  of  the  whale.  This  singular  me- 
dicine was,  at  one  time,  given,  in  powder,  in 
cases  of  dysentery  and  leucorrhoea. 

LEVIER,  Lever — I.  de  I'Ecluse,  see  Lever. 

LEVIGA'TIOjST,  Lceviga'tio,  from  Imvigare, 
(IcBvis,  'smooth,')  'to  polish.'  Poiyhyriza'tion. 
An  operation,  by  which  bodies  are  reduced  to 
very  fine  powder.  It  is  performed  by  putting 
substances,  already  pulverized,  into  water;  the 
coarser  parts  are  not  long  in  being  deposited, 
whilst  the  finer  molecules  remain  suspended  in 
the  water.  The  liquor  is  decanted  into  another 
vessel,  and  sufi'ered  to  remain  at  rest,  untQ  the 
fine  particles  are  collected  at  the  bottom.  The 
fluid  part  is  then  separated  by  decantation. 

LEVISTICUM,  Ligusticum  levistieum. 

LEVRE,  Lip. 

LEVRES  GR ANDES,  Labia  pudendi— Z.  Pe- 
tites,  Nymphs — I.  de  la  Vulve,  Labia  pudendi. 

LEVURE,  Test— Z.  de  la  Biere,  Vest. 

LEXIPHARMACUS,  Alexipharmic. 

LEXIPYRETICUS,  Febrifuge. 

LEY,  Lixivium,  Lye — 1.  Soap,  Liquor  potassis. 

LETS'SERA  GNAPHALOi'DES.  A  South 
African  plant,  Nat.  Ord.  Compositse,  which  is 
emollient,  and  highly  recommended  at  the  Cape, 
in  catarrh,  cough,  and  even  in  phthisis. 

LEZARD,  Lizard. 

LTA'TRIS  SPICA'TA,  Gayfeather,  Button 
snaheroot.  An  indigenous  plant,  glowing  in 
meadows  and  moist  grounds  in  the  middkiauU 


LIBANOTIS 


610 


LICHEN 


Jotitlieni  states.  Its  beautiful  purple  compound 
flowers  are  in  a  spike.  They  appear  in  August. 
The  root  has  been  considered  diuretic. 

Lia'tris  Scario'sa  and  L.  Squareo'sa,  Throaf- 
voort,  Sow-ioort,  Backache  root,  Devilsbite,  Blaz- 
inrj  star,  Prairie  pines,  Mour/h  root,  are  called, 
from  their  reputed  powers  in  bites  from  the  rat- 
tlesnake, Eattlesnake's  master.  The  roots,  bruised, 
are  applied  to  the  wound,  and  the  decoction,  in 
milk,  is  given  internally. 

LIBANOTIS  ANNUA,  Athamanta  eretensis 
• — 1.  Cforonaria,  Rosmarinus — 1.  Cretensis,  Atha- 
manta eretensis — 1.  Hirsuta,  Athamanta  cretensis. 

LIBANOTUS,  see  Juniperus  lycia. 

LIBANUS,  Juniperus  lycia. 

L'IBER  PHAEMACEUTICUS,  Dispensato- 
rium. 

LIBIDINIS  SEDES,  Clitoris. 

LIBIDINOSUS,  Libidinous. 

LIBID'INOUS,  Lihidino' sus ;  Lasci'mts,  Ve- 
ueriv'agus  ;  from  Libido,  'lust.'     Lewd;  lustful. 

LIBI'DO.  Desire,  necessity.  Authors  speak 
of  Libido  uri'ncB,  Libido  intesti'ni.  Some  employ 
it  synonymously  with  Prurigo;  others,  with  Sa- 
lac"itas,  Lubi'do,  Hi'meros. 

LIBOS,  from  Ati/Joj,  'I  distil.'  A  defluxion 
from  the  eyes.- — Galen. 

LIBRA,  Pound. 

LICHANOS,  Index,  see  Digitus. 

LICHEN,  \if)(riv  or  ^ixvv,  (pronounced  When,) 
Exor'mia  Lichen,  Leichen,  Serpi'go,  Volat'ica, 
Pnp'xdm,  P.  sicccB,  Peti'go,  Pustulas  sicecB,  Sca'- 
hies  sicca,  S.  a'gria,  Licheni'asis  adulto'rum,  Li'- 
tAenons  rash,  (F.)  Gale  seche.  Dartre  furfuracee 
volaitte,  Poussee.  The  cutaneous  affection  de- 
scribed under  this  name  \>y  the  Greek  writers,  is 
not  clearly  defined.  Some  have  believed  it  to  be 
Impetigo,  but  this  is  doubtful.  The  name  is,  now, 
generally  applied  to  a  diffuse  eruption  of  red 
pimples,  accompanied  by  a  troublesome  sense  of 
tingling  or  pricking.  Drs.  Willan  and  Bateman 
define  it,  —  "  an  extensive  eruption  of  papulee 
affecting  adults,  connected  with  internal  disor- 
der, usually  terminating  in  scurf;  recurrent,  not 
contagious."  One  of  their  varieties,  however, 
the  Lichen  Tropicus,  does  not  accord  well  with 
this  definition  ;  for  it  affects  children  as  well  as 
adults,  and  is  unconnected  with  internal  disorder. 

Lichen  A'crius,  Exor'mia  Lichen  ferus,  Pap'- 
ula  a'gria,  is  distinguished  by  pimples  in  clusters 
or  patches,  surrounded  by  a  red  halo;  the  cuticle 
growing  gradually  harsh,  thickened,  and  chappy, 
often  preceded  by  general  irritation.  In  addition 
to  antiphlogistics,  a  cooling  ointment  may  be 
ased,  to  allay  itching. 

LicuEN  Barbatus  Plicatus,  L.  plicatus. 

Lichen  Circusiscrip'tus  is  characterized  by 
clusters  or  patches  of  papula^,  having  a  well  de- 
fined margin,  and  an  irregularly  circular  form  : 
continuing  for  six  or  eight  weeks.  These  varie- 
ties require  but  little  medical  treatment.  The 
antiphlogistic  plan  is  all  that  is  necessary. 

Lichen  Ltv'idus.  The  papulae  have  a  dark 
red  or  livid  hue,  without  any  fever.  They  are 
more  permanent  in  this  variety.  It  requires  the 
mineral  acids  and  bark. 

Lichen  Pila'ris,  Exor'mia  Lichen  pilaris,  is 
merely  a  modification  of  the  preceding;  the  pa- 
pulse  appearing  at  the  roots  of  the  hair. 

Lichen  Simplex,  Exor'mia  Lichen  simplex, 
consists  of  an  eruption  of  red  papula;,  appearing 
first  un  the  face  or  arms,  and  afterwards  extend- 
ing over  the  body  ;  preceded  for  a  few  days  by 
slight  febrile  irritation,  which  usually  ceases  when 
the  eruption  appears,-- with  an  unpleasant  sense 
of  tingling  during  the  night.  It  generally  dies 
Bway  in  ten  days  or  a  fortnight. 

Lichen  Trop'icos,  Exormia  Lichen  tropicus, 


Eczes'ma,  Ea'sera  {?),  Sndam,'ina  {?),  PricJdy 
Meat,  Summer  Push.  The  pimples  are  bright 
red,  and  of  the  size  of  a  small  pin's  head;  with 
heat,  itching,  and  pricking,  as  if  by  needles.  It 
is  local ;  produced  by  excessive  heat ;  and  disap- 
pears when  the  weather  becomes  cooler,  or  the 
individual  is  inured  to  the  climate. 

Lichen  Urtica'tus,  Exor'mia  Lichen  iirtico'- 
sus,  is  another  variety.  The  Nettle  Lichen  con- 
sists of  papulaj,  accompanied  by  wheals  like  those 
of  nettle  rash. 

Lichen  Arboruji,  Lichen  pulmonarius  —  I. 
Blanc  de  Neige,  L.  caninus  —  I.  Bottler,  L.  pyxi- 
datus. 

Lichen  Caninus,  seu  spu'rius  seu  terres'- 
tris  seu  veno'sus  seu  ciner'eus  terres'tris,  Jfnscns 
cani'nus,  Phys'cia  niva'lis,  Peltig"era  cani'na, 
Peltid'ea  cani'na  seu  levcorrhi'za  seu  mala'cea 
seu  amplis'sima  seu  spu'ria,  Ash-coloured  Ground 
Liverwort,  (F.)  Lichen  contre-rnge,  Lichen  blanc 
de  neige.  This  cryptogamous  plant  was,  for  a 
long  time,  considered  capable  of  preventing  and 
curing  Rabies  canina.  It  has,  also,  been  used  in 
mania  and  in  spasmodic  asthma. 

Lichen  Cinereus  Terrestris,  L.  caninus — 1. 
Carrageen,  Fucus  crispus — 1.  Cocciferus,  L.  pyxi- 
datus  —  I.  contre  Page,  L.  caninus  —  I.  Entonnoir, 
L.  pyxidatus — 1.  Eryngifolius,  L.  islandicus  —  1. 
Floridus  hirtus,  L.  plicatus  —  1.  Hirtus,  L.  pli- 
catus. 

Lichen  Islan'dicus,  L.  eryngifo'lius,  Liche- 
no'i'des  Island'icum,  Loba'ria  Islan'dica,  Jj'uscut 
fslandicns,  M.  cathar'ticus,  Clado'nia  Islan'dica, 
Phys'cia  Islandica,  Oetra'ria  Islandica  ;  Parme'- 
lia  Islan'dica,  Iceland  Lichen  or  Liverwort  or 
IIoss,  (F.)  Lichen  d'Islande.  This  plant  is  ino- 
dorous, with  a  bitter  and  mucilaginous  taste.  It 
is  esteemed  to  be  tonic,  demulcent,  and  nutrient. 
Dose,  ^i  to  iv^,  being  first  steeped  in  water  hold- 
ing in  solution  some  carbonate  of  potassa  to  ex- 
tract the  bitter,  and  then  boiled  in  milk.  A  bit^- 
ter  principle  has  been  extracted  from  it,  termed 
Cetrarin,  Cetrari'num,  Cetra'rium,  which  has 
been  given  in  intermittents. 

Lichen  Laciniatus,  L.  saxatilis. 

Lichen  Plica'tus  sen  hirtus  seu  barba'tvs  pli- 
ca'tus  seu  Floridus  hirtus,  Parme'lia  plica'ta,  Us'- 
uea  plica' ta  seu  Flor'ida  hirta  seu  hirta,  Jfuscua 
arbo'reus  seu  albus  seu  qvernus,  Querci'ni  Eerba, 
This  plant  is  applied,  by  the  Laplanders,  as  an 
astringent,  to  bleeding  vessels ;  and  to  parts 
which  are  excoriated  after  long  journeys. 

Lichen  Pulmona'rius,  Lichen  qr'bornm  sea 
reticula'tus,  Parme'lia  j^ulmona'cea,  Reticula'ria 
officina'lis,  Muscus  -pulmonarius  querci'nus,  Pul- 
mona'ria  arbo're,  Loba'ria  pmlmonaria,  Siicta 
pulmona'cea,  Oak  Lungs,  Tree  Luugtcort,  Hazel 
Croltles,  (F.)  Lichen  pulmonaire.  This  plant  is 
sub-astringent,  and  rather  acid.  It  was  once  in 
high  repute  for  curing  diseases  of  the  lungs. 

Lichen  Pyxida'tus,  J/uscus  Pyxido'ius,  Scy- 
phoph'orus  jyyxida'tus,  Ilus'cuhis  pyxo'i'des  ter- 
res'tris, Lichen  pyxi  da' t  us  major.  Lichen  coccif- 
erus, Herba  Ignis,  Cup  IIoss,  (F.)  Lichen  enton- 
voir.  Lichen  lioUier,  L.  Pyxide.  This  plant  is 
sub-astringent,  and  has  been  used  in  decoction  it 
hooping-cough. 

Lichen  Reticulatus,  L.  pulmonarius. 

Lichen  Roccel'la,  Parme'lia  roccel'h,  Poe- 
cella,  R.  tinctn'ria,  Seta'ria  roccella,  Litmus, 
Lacmus  tinclo'rius,  Orchill,  Cana'ry  Archell, 
Chinney  Weed,  Herb  Arcliell,  (F.)  Orseille, 
The  chief  use  of  this  plant  is  as  a  blue  dye.  It 
has  been  emploj-cd  to  allay  cough  in  phthir^is,  &c. 

Lichen  Saxat'ilis,  L.  tinclo'rius  seu  lacinia'' 
tns,  Parme'lia  saxat'ilis,  Imbrica'ria  sn.rat'iiis, 
Loba'ria  saxat'ilis,  Jluscus  Cra'nii  hunia'ni,  Va- 
nea.    This  moss,  v,-hen  found  growing  on  a  human 


LICilENIASIS 


511 


LIGAMENT 


gknll,  was  formerly  in  high,  estimation  against 
heiwi  affections,  &c. 

Lichen  Spuuius,  L.  caninus — 1.  Stellatus, 
Marchantia  polymorpha — 1.  Tinctorius,  L.  Saxa- 
tilis. 

LICHENIASIS  ADULTORUM,  Lichen  — 1. 
Strophulus,  Strophulus. 

LICHENOIDES  ISLANDICUM,  Lichen  Is- 
landicus. 

LICORICE,  Glycyrrhiza. 

LIEBENSTEIN,  MINERAL  "WATERS  OF. 
These  waters,  situated  in  the  duchy  of  Saxe-Mei- 
ningen,  are  amongst  the  strongest  acidulous  cha- 
lybeates  in  Germany.  They  contain  sulphate  of 
Boda,  chloride  of  sodium,  sulphate  of  lime,  chlo- 
ride of  calcium,  carbonate  of  lime,  chloride  of 
magnesium,  and  carbonate  of  iron. 

LIEBERKUHN'S  GLANDS  or  FOLLI- 
CLES, so  called  from  their  first  describer,  are 
fine,  capillary,  blind  sacs,  the  openings  of  which 
are  from  l-20th  to  l-30th  of  a  line  in  diameter,  so 
ciosely  placed  over  the  whole  of  the  small  intes- 
tine as  to  give  the  mucous  membrane  a  general 
sieve- like  or  perforated  appearance.  They  se- 
crete the  S1ICCUS  entericus. 

LIEBERSCHE  AUSZEHRUNG'S  KRATJ- 
TER,  see  Galeopsis  grandiflora  —  1.  B  rust- 
kraut  er,  see  Galeopsis  grandiflora. 

LIEBWERDA,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Liebwerda  is  a  Bohemian  village,  near  the  Sile- 
sian  frontier.  The  springs  are  much  frequented. 
There  arc  four,  all  of  which  are  rich  in  carbonic 
acid  and  contain  but  little  saline  matter. 

LIEGE,  Suber. 

LIEN  (F.),  Vin'culum.  A  hand,  strap  or  gar- 
ter, used  in  certain  operations ;  as  to  tie  patients 
during  the  operation  of  lithotomy;  to  fix  the  ap- 
paratus in  fracture,  <fce.     Also,  the  spleen. 

LIEN  ACCESSORIUS,  Lienculus— L  Ingens, 
Splenoncus — -1.  Succenturiatus,  Lienculus. 

LIEN'CULUS,  diminutive  of  lien,  'spleen.' 
Lien  siicceiitnria'tus  seu  accesso'rius.  A  super- 
numerary spleen. 

LIENOSUS,  Splenic. 

LI'ENTERY,  Lienter'ia,  from  >£iof,  'smooth,' 
and  tiTipov,  'intestine.'  Lce'vitaa  seu  Lax'itas 
intestino'rnm,  Diarrhce'a  lienter'ia,  Fluxus  Lien- 
ter'iciis,  Clu/morrhce'a  seu  Lax'itas  ingesto'rum, 
B romatuec' crisis,  Diarrlnjc'a  Dyspep'tica,  D.  cum 
apepsid,  D.  Inijesto'rtim,  Slip'periness  of  the  Guts. 
Frequent  liquid  evacuations,  the  food  only  half 
digested.  This  condition  is  always  symptomatic 
of  great  irritation  in  the  intestinal  canal,  the 
sensibility  of  which  is  so  much  augmented  that 
it  cannot  bear  the  sojourn  of  the  food  in  it. 

LIERRE,  Hedera  helix — l.  Terrestre,Gleehom-i 
liederaeea. 

LIFE,  Sax.  lij:,  lyj:,  Vita,  Bios,  Bi'ote,  Zoe, 
Pneitma,  Spir'itus,  (F.)  Vie.  The  state  of  organ- 
ized beings,  during  which,  owing  to  the  union  of 
an  unknown  principle  with  matter,  they  are  ca- 
pable of  performing  functions  different  from  those 
that  regulate  other  natural  bodies ;  all  of  which 
functions,  however  numerous  and  diversified, 
work  to  cne  end.  Life  has  only  a  limited  dura- 
tion ;  beyond  which,  —  the  organic  functions 
ceasing  to  be  executed, — the  body  is  given  up  to 
the  agency  of  chemical  affinity.  Hence  Biohat 
ha-s  defined  life  to  be  —  the  aggregate  of  the  func- 
tions lohieh  resist  death.  On  account  of  the  dif- 
ference that  exists  among  the  vital  functions,  he 
has  applied  the  term  Organic  Life  to  the  functions 
'jsorvient  to  composition  and  decomposition;  — 
K?  digestion,  respiration,  circulation,  calorifica- 
tion, absorption,  secretion,  and  nutrition ;  and 
Animal  Life,  to  the  functions  which  connect  man 


and  animals  with  external  bodies;  as  the  under- 
standing, sensations,  locomotion  and  voice. 

Life,  duration  of,  see  Longevity  —  1.  Ever- 
lasting, Gnaphalium  margaritaceuni  —  1.  Ever- 
lasting, sweet-scented,  Gnaphalium  polycepha- 
lum  —  1.  Expectation  of,  see  Longevity. 

Life-Insu'rance.  a  contract  entered  into, 
usually  by  an  insurance  conijiuny,  to  pay  a  cer- 
tain sum  of  money  on  a  person's  death,  on  the 
condition  of  his  paying  an  annual  premium 
during  his  life.  The  medical  practitioner  may 
be  applied  to  to  certify  that  the  life  of  the  insurer 
is  one  that  is  insurable  according  to  the  rules  of 
the  company. 

Life,  Value  of,  see  Longevity,  and  Mortality. 

Life's  Blood,  Cillo. 

LIG'AMENT,  ii'granien'iuOTy  from  ligare,  'to 
bind ;'  Desmos,  Syndes'mos,  CoUiga'men,  Cop'ula. 
A  name  given  to  fibrous  structures,  which  serve 
to  unite  bones,  and  to  form  articulations;  hence 
the  division  into  interosseovs  and  articular  liga- 
ments. They  are  of  a  white,  close  texture;  are 
but  little  extensible,  and  difficult  to  break.  Tho 
name  ligament  has,  also,  been  given  to  any  mem- 
branous fold,  which  retains  an  organ  in  its  situii- 
tion. 

Table  of  the  Peincipal  Ligaments. 

(■Capsular  ligament. 
1  Suspensory    ligament     of    the 
siylo.niussiis. 

Lateral  lijiainent. 

Two  capsular  ligaments  be- 
tween atlas  and  head. 

Circular  liaanjent. 

Two  capsular  between  atlaa 
and  axis. 

Perpendir;ular  linamenl. 

Two  lateral  or  moderator  liga- 
ments. 

Transverse  ligament  and  ita 
appendices. 

Anterior  common. 

Crucial  intervcrteb  al. 

Ligaments    running   from'  the 
edge  ot"  the    bony   arch   ano 
spinous    process   of  one  ver- 
tebra to  that  of  the  next, 
j  Interspirious  ligament. 
1  Ligamentnm  nucbae. 

Intertransverse. 
I  Capsular, 
l^  Posterior  or  internal  common. 

Capsular  of  the  heads  of  ribs. 

Capsular  of  the  cUbeiclcs. 

Lignmenta  transvursaria  in. 
ti;rna. 

Ligamcnta  transversaria  es- 
terna. 

Ligamenta  cervicis  ccstarum 
e.xteriia. 

Lig.iineHlous  fibres  running 
from  ihe  margins  of  the  ex- 
tremities of  the  ribs  to  the 
corresponding  cartilages. 

Eadiaied  li<;anients  from  carti 
iage  of  ribs  to  the  sternum. 

Capsular  ligaments  of  the  carti 
lases  of  the  lihs. 

Proper  membrane  of  sternum. 

L.  of  cartila:.'0-erisiformis. 

Tendinous  expansions  over  the 
intercoslales,  &c. 

Two  transverse,  — one  superioi, 
one  inferior. 

niosacral. 

Capsular  of  the  sacro-iliac  syn 
chondrosis. 

Two    sacro    ischiatic,  —  posie 
1    nfij..  D«7.».-»  J      ■■'"'"  ""''    anierior,   willi    thi) 

5.  OflhePelms.  ^      snpenor  and  inferior  appen- 

dic-es. 

LoriDitudiiial  ofoscoccygia 

fnfrninnl  iJL'aniei.l 

Capsular  (d'  synijihysis  pubis 

Ligament  of  fnamcn  thyioi- 
dtnm. 


I.  Of  the  Lower  Jatn-^ 

■  u 
f 


2.     Connecting        the 
Head  with  the  fast  \ 
and    second    Vsrte-{ 
bra;,  and  these  icith 
each  other. 

L 


3.  Of  the  other  Verte-  \ 
bras.  1 


4.  Of  the  Ribs,  Ster- 
■num.,  ^-c.  ! 


LIGAMENT 


512 


LIGAMENTOUS 


fl.  Of  the  Clavicle. 


7.  Of  the  Scapula. 
B.  Of 


Capsular. 


Radiated  ligament 

Capsular. 

Interclavicular. 
■(  Ligaiiientuin  rhomboideum, 

Claviculo-acroniial. 

Conoid. 

Trapezoid. 

Anterior  triangular. 

Proper  posterior, 
the    Shoulder-  i 
Joint. 

f  Capsular. 

I  Brachioulnar. 

Erachio-radial. 
n    r,en..  irji ^  .   T„i„t  J  Coronary  of  the  radius. 

9.  Of  the  Elhow- Joint.  ^^^^^^^.^-  ^^^  posterior   acces- 

sory. 
I  Intermuscular    of   tlie   os    hu- 
(_     ineri. 

10.  Carpal  Extremity  ("  Interosseous  ligament. 

of  Radius  and  Ulna,)  Oblique  or  chorda  transversalis 

and    between    those]      cubiti. 

bones.  (_  Capsular. 

,,     n  _.  „  i  Capsular. 

U.  Between  Fore.arm'S  r^^^^  ,^,g^^,_ 

and  Wrist.  ^  Mucous. 

f  Annular, 
i  Capsular. 
1%  Of  the  Carpus.      ■[  Short        ligaments,  —  oblique, 
1      transverse,      capsular,     and 
l_     proper. 

r.l.  Betiaeen      Carpal  j  Articular  lateral. 
and         Metacarpal  ^st,aight,  perpendicular,  &c. 
bones.  J  =        1-     j- 

14.  Between  the  extre- ^  Interosseous,  at  the  bases  and 
heads, —  dorsal,  lateral,  pal- 
mar. 


Capsular. 
Lateral. 


mities  of  the  Meta- 
carpal bones. 
1,5.  At  the  base  of  the'] 

Metacarpal  bone  of 

the  Thmnb,  and  at 

the  first  joint  of  the  \ 

Fingers.  J 

llj.   Of  the  first   and^ 

second  joints  of  the    p.„„,,,„. 

Thumb,  and  second  l^apsuiar. 
,       .'         .  .  .  f  Lateral. 

and  third  joints  of  \ 


the  Fingers. 


J 


]7.  Retaining  the 
Tendons  of  the 
Muscles  of  the  Hand 
and  Fingers  in 
situ. 


("Annular. 

Vaginal  or  flexor  tendons. 

Vaginal  or  crucial  of  the  pha- 
langes. 

Accessory  of  the  fle-icor  ten- 
dons. 

Posterior  annular. 

Vaginal  of  extensors. 

Transverse  of  extensors. 

f  Capsular  and  accessory  slips. 

18.  Connecting  the  Os  I  Round  or  teres  ligament. 
Femoris  with  theOs-i,  Cartilaginous  ligament. 
innarminaturti-  \  Double  cartilaginous  ligament. 

(Ligaraenta  mucosa, 
f  Lateral,  — internal   and   exter- 
nal. 
External    short    lateral     liga- 
ment. 
Posterior  ligament. 
Ligament  of  the  patella. 

19.  Of  the  Knee-Joint.^  Capsular. 

I  Liganientura  alare,  —  majus  et 
I      minus. 

ILigamentum  mucosum. 
Two    crucial,  —  anterior    and 
))Osterior. 
(.  Transverse. 

I  Capsular. 
CO.  Connecting      Fi- J  Interosseous. 

i  Anterior  superior.   . 
*  Posterior  superior. 
Anterior  ligament  of  the  fibula. 
Posterior  of  fibula. 
Deltoidea  of  tibia. 
(  Capsular, 
f  Capsular. 
Short  ligaments. 
Capsular,   broad   superior,  and 
lateral  ligaments,  connecting 
astragalus  and  navicniaro. 
Superior,  lateral,  and  inferior, 
fixing    OS    calcis    to    os    cu- 
boiuos. 


bula  and  Tibia. 


21.  Connecting 
'I'orsal  with 
Ijig  Bones 


thi:\ 

the- 


n.  (jf  the  Tardus. 


26.     Retaining 
Tendons      of 


Long,  oblique,  and   rhomboid 
forming    the    inferior    iiga- 
iiienls. 
Superior  superficial,  interosse- 
ous and    inferior  transverse 
ligaments,  fixing  the  os  navi- 
culare  and  os  cuboidcs. 
Superior   lateral,   and    plantar, 
22    Of  the  Tnrtui      )      which  fix  the  OS  naviculure 
£i.  UJ  the  larsus.     ^      and  cuneiform. 

Superior  superficial  and  plan- 
I      tar,   connecting    the    os    cu- 

Iboidcs,    and    os    cuneiforine 
externum. 
Dorsal  and  plantar,  uniting  the 
I      ossa  cuneiformia. 
I  The  proper    capsular  of  each 
(_     bone. 

23.     Between  Tarsus^  Capsular. 

and  Metatarsus.      )  Dorsal,plantar,  lateral,  straight. 
(      oblique,  and  transverse. 

!  Dorsal,    plantar,    and    lateral, 
connecting     the     metatarsal 
bones. 
Transverse  ligaments 
25.  Of  the  Phalanges  (  Capsular. 
of  the  Toes.  (  Lateral. 

'Annular. 
Vaginal  of  the  tendons  of  the 

peronei. 
Laciniated. 

Vaginal  of  the  tendon  of  the 
flexor  longus  pollicis. 
MusclTsofVie  FoU<^T'!^^^/'\"'''^^''^  of  the  ten- 
and  Toesin  situ.  ^^  "^   '"e   flexors    of   the 

Accessory  of  the  flexor  tendons 

of  the  toes. 
Transverse  of  the  extensor  icn- 
l.     dons. 

Ligament,  Anteeior,  op  the  Bladder.  A 
name  given  by  the  older  anatomists  to  a  por- 
tion of  the  superior  pelvic  aponeurosis,  wliicli 
becomes  attached  to  the  front  of  the  neck  of  the 
bladder.  ^ 

LIGAMENT  ARTERIEL,  Arterial  ligament 
— 1.  Camper's,  Perineal  fascia — 1.  Cervical  supra- 
spinal, see  Supraspinosa  ligamenta  —  I.  Ciliaire, 
Ciliary  ligament. 

Ligament,  Cor'onary,  op  the  Liver,  is  a  re- 
flection formed  bj'  the  peritoneum,  between  the 
posterior  margin  of  the  liver,  and  the  lower  sur- 
face of  the  diaphragm.     See  Falx. 

Ligament,  Costo-xiphoid,  Xiphoid  ligament 
— 1.  Dorso-lumbo-supraspinal,  see  Supra-spinosa 
ligamenta — 1.  of  Fallopius,  Crural  arch — 1.  Gim- 
bernat's,  see  Gimbernat's  ligament  —  1.  Gloss- 
epiglottic,  see  Glossepiglottic  —  1.  Infra-pubian, 
Triangular  ligament — I.  Interepineiix,  Interspinal 
ligament — 1.  of  the  Ovary,  see  Ovarium — 1.  Pal- 
mar inferior.  Metacarpal  ligament — 1.  Poupart's, 
Crural  arch — I.  Bond,  Ligamentum  teres — I.  Snr- 
Spineux  cervical,  see  Supra-spinosa  ligamenta — 
I.  Sur-Spineux-dorso-lombaire,  see  Supraspinosa 
ligamenta. 

Ligament,  Sttspen'sort,  of  the  Liter,  Liga- 
men'tnm  latum,  Suspenso'rium  He'patis,  is  a  large 
triangular  reflection,  formed  by  the  peritoneum 
between  the  superior  surface  of  the  liver  and  the 
diaphragm.  It  is  constituted  of  two  layers,  and 
is  continuous,  below,  with  another  reflection, 
called  the  Fcdx  oft.Jie  Umbilical  Vein.    See  Falx. 

Ligament,  Triangular,  Perineal  fascia. 

LIGAMENTA  INTERLOBULAEIA  PUL- 
MONUM,  Interlobular  tissue  —  1.  Interverte- 
bralia.  Intervertebral  cartilages — 1.  Lata  uteri, 
see  Uterus  —  1.  Ilotunda  uteri.  Round  ligaments 
of  the  uterus — 1.  Tarsea  lata,  see  Tarsea  lata  (li- 
gamenta). 

LIGAMENTEUX,  Ligamentous. 

LIGAMENTOSUS,  Ligamentous. 

LIGAMEN'TOUS,  Li(/amento'siis,  Besmous, 
Desmo'sus,  (F.)  Liijamenteux,  Dcsmenx.  Having 
the  character,  or  relating  to,  a  ligament. 


LIGAMENTS 


513 


LILIUM 


LIGAMENTS,  BROAD,  OF  THE  UTERUS, 
see  Uterus — I.  Croisis,  Crucial  ligaments,  L  Grnci- 
formes,  Crucial  ligaments  —  I.  Jaunes,  Yellow 
ligaments  —  I.  Larges  de  I'titertts,  see  Uterus — 1. 
of  the  Larynx,  inferior,  Thyreo-arytenoid  liga- 
ments— I.  Bonds  de  I'uterus,  Round  ligaments  of 
the  uterus. 

LIGAMENTUM  DENTATUM,  Denticulatum 
Ugamentum — l.Iridis,Ciliary  ligament — 1.  Nucha}, 
Cervical  ligament  —  1.  Posticum  Winslowii,  see 
Genu — 1.  Suspensorium  hepatis.  Suspensory  liga- 
ment of  the  liver — 1.  Suspensorium  testis,  Guber- 
naculum  testis. 

LIGATIO,  Fascia,  Ligature — L  Linguse,  Apho- 
lia. 
LIGATION,  see  Ligature. 
LIGATURA,    Ligature,    Fascia  —  1.    Glandis, 
phimosis. 

LIG'ATURE,  Ligatu'ra,  Liga'tw,  AlUgatu'ra, 
Deliga'tio,  Vinctu'ra,  Fascia,  Epid'esis,  from  ligo, 
'1  bind.'  This  word  has  various  acceptations. 
It  means,  1.  The  thread  with  which  an  artery  or 
vein  is  tied,  to  prevent  or  arrest  hemorrhage. 
2.  The  cord,  or  thread,  or  wire,  used  for  remov- 
iiig  tumours,  &e.  3.  The  bandage  used  for  phle- 
botomy. Ligature  is,  also,  sometimes  applied  to 
the  act  of  tying  an  artery  or  considerable  vessel 
— Liga'tion.  When  the  artery  alone  is  tied,  the 
ligature  is  said  to  be  immediate ;  when  any  of 
the  surrounding  parts  are  included,  it  is  said  to 
be  mediate.  The  ligature  occasions  obliteration 
or  adhesion  of  the  arterial  parietes,  by  cutting 
through  the  middle  and  internal  coats;  the  adhe- 
sion being  favoured  by  the  formation  of  a  coagu- 
lum,  which  acts,  in  some  degree,  as  a  barrier 
against  the  impulse  of  the  blood,  and  subse- 
quently disappears  by  absorption. 

LIGHT,  Sax.  leohc,  lihc,  (G.)  Licht  — Zmx, 
Lumen,  Phos,  (F.)  Lumiere.  An  extremely  rare 
fluid  ;  diffused  over  the  universe ;  emanating  from 
the  sun  and  fixed  stars ;  traversing  more  than 
four  millions  of  leagues  in  a  minute ;  passing 
through  transparent  bodies,  which  refract  it  ac- 
cording to  their  density  and  combustibility ;  and 
arrested  by  opake  bodies,  by  which  it  is  reflected 
at  an  angle  equal  to  the  angle  of  incidence.  It 
is  the  cause  of  colour  in  all  bodies,  being  entirely 
reflected  by  white  surfaces  and  absorbed  ]jy  black. 
It  is  decomposed  in  passing  through  a  transpa- 
rent prism  into  seven  raj's — red,  orange,  yellow, 
green,  blue,  purple,  and  violet. 

Light  acts  upon  the  body  as  a  gentle  and  salu- 
tary stimulus.  It  urges  to  exercise,  whilst  pri- 
vation of  it  induces  sleep  and  inactivity,  and  dis- 
poses to  obesity.  Hence  it  is,  that,  in  rural  eco- 
nomy, animals  which  are  undergoing  the  process 
of  fattening  are  kept  in  obscurity.  When  vege- 
tables are  deprived  of  light,  their  nutrition  is  in- 
terfered with,  and  they  become  etiolated.  To  a 
certain  extent  this  applies  to  animals,  and  there 
is  every  reason  to  believe,  that  want  of  light  pre- 
vents the  due  development  of  organized  bodies. 
It  has  been  found  that,  when  tadpoles  were  de- 
prived of  light,  they  did  not  undergo  the  perfect 
metamorphosis  into  the  frog,  but  that  monstrosi- 
ties from  arrest  of  development  were  induced. 

LIGHTNING,  Astrape. 

LIGHTS,  RISING  OF  THE,  Cynauche  tra- 
chealis. 

LIONE,  Line  —  I.  Apre,  Linea  aspera  —  I. 
Blanche,  Linea  alba — I.  Courhe,  Curved  line — I. 
Medlane  de  I'nhdomen,  Linea  alba  —  I.  Sous-tro- 
chanterrenne,  Linea  aspera. 

LIGNIN,  from  Lignum,  'wood.'  Ligneous  or 
woody  fibre ;  the  fibrous  structure  of  vegetable 
substances 

LIGNUM  ALOES,  Agallochum— 1.  Aspalathi, 
Agallochum — 1.  Benedictum,  Guaiacum — 1.  Brasi- 
33 


lianum  rubrum,  Hasmatoxylon  campechianum — ■ 
1.  Cseruleum,  Hajmatoxylon  campechianum  —  1. 
Campechense,  Hajmatoxylon  campechianum — 1. 
Campechianum,  Haamatoxylon  campechianum — 
\.  Campescanum,  Hsematoxylon  campechianum — 
1.  Colubrinum,  see  Strychnos  —  1.  Febrifugum^ 
Quassia  —  1.  Hsematoxyli,  Haematoxylon  campe- 
chianum— 1.  Indicum,  Guaiacum,  Hcematoxylou 
campechianum — 1.  Infelix,  Sambucus — 1.  Nephri- 
ticum,  Guilandina  Moringa  (the  wood) — 1.  Pava- 
nae,  Croton  tiglium — 1.  Quassias,  see  Quassia — 1. 
Sanctum,  Guaiacum  —  1.  Sandalinum,  see  Ptero- 
carpus  santalinus — 1.  Sappan,  Hamatoxylon  cam- 
pechianum— 1.  Serpentum,  Ophioxylum  serpenti- 
num — 1.  Vitas,  Guaiacum. 
LIGNYODES,  Fuliginous. 
LIGNYS,  Fuligo. 

LIG'ULA,  XiJi'f/uZa.  The  clavicle;  also,  the 
glottis  and  epiglottis.  A  measure  containing 
3  drachms  and  a  scruple,  or  about  half  an  ounce. 
Also,  a  species  of  bandage  or  ligature.  —  Scribo- 
nius. 

LIGUSTICUM  CAPILLA'CEUM,  iEthusa 
meum  —  1.  Carvi,  Carum  —  1.  Foeniculum,  Ane- 
thum. 

Ligus'ticum  Levis'ticum,  from  KiyvanKos,  ap- 
pertaining to  Liguria.  Levis'ticum,  Laserpitium 
German'icum,  Ligusticum,  Angel'ica  levis'ticum 
seu  paludapifo'lia,  Lavage,  (F.)  Liceche,  Ache 
des  montagnes.  The  properties  of  this  plant  are 
said  to  be  stimulant,  carminative,  emmenagogue, 
&c. 

Ligusticum  Meum,  ^thusameum — 1.  Phellan- 
drium,  Phellandrium  aquaticum. 

Ligusticum  Podagra'ria,  Podagra' riaagopc'- 
dium,  JEgopo'dium  piodagraria,  Sison  podagra'- 
ria, Pimpinel'la  angelicafo'lia,  Siimi  vulga're, 
Tragoseli'riuyn  angel'ica,  Ses'eli  cBgopo'dium,  An- 
gel'ica sylvestris,  Gout-weed.  A  British  plant, 
once  considered  useful  in  cases  of  gout. 
Ligusticum  Silaus,  Peucedanum  silaus. 
LIGUSTRUM  ^GYPTIACUM,  Lawsonia  in- 
ermis. 

Ligus'trum  Vulga're,  Privet,  Privy,  (F.) 
Troene.  A  shrub,  which  grows  wild  both  in  Eu- 
rope and  the  United  States,  usually  in  hedges. 
The  leaves  are  astringent  and  bitter;  and  the 
flowers,  which  are  snow-white,  and  of  an  agree- 
able odour,  have  been  employed  in  decoction  in 
sore  throat,  and  ulcerous  stomatitis.  The  berries 
are  said  to  be  cathartic. 
LIGYSMA,  Distortion. 

LILAC,  COMMON,  Syringa  vulgaris—1.  Vul- 
garis, Syringa  vulgaris. 
LILI,  Lilium  Paracelsi. 

LILIA'GO.     Dim.  of  Lil'iiim,  the  lily ;  Spi- 
derwort ;  Lilias'trimi.     This  plant  was  formerly 
said  to  be  alexipharmic  and  carminative. 
LILIASTRUM,  Liliago. 

LIL'IUM  CAN' DID UM,  L.  album,  Orinon. 
The  white  lily.  (F.)  Lis  hlanc.  The  infusion  of 
the  flowers  of  the  lily  in  olive  oil  is  emollient, 
and  often  applied  externally,  under  the  name  of 
Lily  oil,  (F.)  Huile  de  lis.  The  scales  of  the 
bulb,  roasted,  are  sometimes  employed  as  matu- 
ratives. 

Lilium  Convallium,  Convallaria  raaialis. 
Lilium  Paracel'si,  Tinctu'ra  Iletallo'rum, 
Lili.  A  medicine  employed  by  Paracelsus.  It 
was  prepared  by  melting  in  a  crucible  four  ounces 
of  each  of  the  following  alloys :  Antimony  and 
iron,  antimony  and  tin,  antimony  and  cop>])er,  pre- 
viously mixed  with  eighteen  ounces  of  nitrate  of 
potassa  and  as  much  salt  of  tartar.  The  melted 
mass,  when  pulverized,  was  treated  with  rectified 
alcohol,  which  really  dissolved  only  the  potassa  set 
at  liberty  by  the  decomposition  experienced  by 
the  nitre  and  salt  of  tartar.    The  Lilium  Paracel»\ 


LILY 


514 


LINEAMES  r 


was  used  as  a  cordial.  It  entered  into  the  com- 
position of  the  theriacal  elixir,  &c. 

LILT,  GROUND,  Trillium  latifolium— 1.  May, 
Convallaria  maialis — 1.  Pond,  Nelumbium  lutenm 
—  1.  Pond,  White,  Nymphssa  odorata  —  1.  Toad, 
Nymphsea  odorata — 1.  of  the  Valley,  Convallaria 
maialis  —  1.  Water,  little,  Brasenia  hydropeltis — 
1.  Water,  sweet,  iSi'3^mphsea  odorata  —  1.  Water, 
sweet-scented,  Nymphsea  odorata  —  1.  Water, 
white,  Xymphaja  alba  —  1.  Water,  yellow,  Nym- 
X'haja  latea — 1.  White,  Lilium  candidum,  Nelum- 
bium  lutenm. 

LIMA,  CLIMATE  OF.  The  climate  of  Pern 
does  not  ajjpear  to  be  favourable  to  the  genera- 
tion of  consumption ;  and  Lima  would  seem  to 
be  a  good  residence  for  the  phthisical  valetudina- 
rian. Many  have  been  benefited  by  a  residence 
there  ;  but  when  they  have  gone  farther  south,  as 
to  Chili,  the  effect,  according  to  Dr.  2.1.  Bun-ough, 
has  generally  been  fatal. 

LIMA  DENTARIA,  Scalprum  dentarium. 

LIMACJIEN  (E.),  from  limaron,  the  cochlea  of 
the  ear.  A  branch  of  the  acoustic  or  labyriuthic 
nerve  sent  to  the  cochlea. 

LI2IAQ0N,  Cochlea,  Limax  —  I.  Rampes  du, 
gee  Cochlea. 

LIMACUM  CORNUA,  see  Lachrymal  puncta. 

LIMANCHIA,  Abstinence. 

LIMA'TIO,  from  lima,  'a  file.'  Filing:  an 
operation  employed  by  the  dentist  more  espe- 
cially to  prevent  immediate  contact  of  the  teeth 
with  each  other. 

LIMATURA  FERRI,  Ferri  Limatura. 

LIMAX,  Relix,  Slur/  or  Snail,  (F.)  Lima. 
fon,  Colimacon,  Escargot.  A  syrvijj  has  been 
prepiared  from  these  animals,  which  has  been 
given  in  phthisis,  <Scc.  The  raw  snails  have  also 
been  taken  in  consumption.  They  have  been 
used  as  food. 

LIMB.  Membrum. 

LIMBUS  ALVEOLARIS,  Alveolar  border— 
1.  Luteus  retinae,  see  Foramen  centrale — 1.  Poste- 
rior corporis  striati,  Taenia  semicireularis. 

LIME.  A  fruit  like  a  small  lemon,  the  juice 
of  which  is  strongly  acid,  and  much  used  for 
making  punch.  It  is,  also,  used  in  long  voyages 
as  an  antiscorbutic,  <fec.  It  is  a  species  of  lemon, 
the  fruit  of  Citrus  acida. 

Lime,  Calx — 1.  Carbonate  of,  Creta — 1.  Chloride 
of,  Calcis  chloridum  —  1.  Chlorite  of,  Calcis  chlo- 
ridum — 1.  Chloruret  of,  Calcis  chloridum — 1.  Hy- 
drate of,  see  Calx  —  1.  Hypochlorite  of,  Calcis 
chloridum  —  1.  Muriate  of,  solution  of,  see  Calcis 
murias  —  1.  Oxymuriate  of,  Calcis  chloridum — 1. 
Slaked,  see  Calx — 1.  Sulphuret  of,  Calcis  sulphu- 
retum — 1.  Tree,  TUia — 1.  Water,  Liquor  calcis — 
1.  Water,  compound,  Liquor  calcis  compositus. 

LIMICUS,  Hungry. 

LIMITROPIIES,  see  Trisplanchnic  nerve. 

LIMXE,  Marsh. 

LI^IXE'MIC,  LimncB'mic,  Limnhe'mie,  Lim- 
rtfp'mictis,  Limnhas'micui,  from  ^ifivrj,  'a  marsh,' 
and  'aifja,  'blood.'  An  epithet  given  to  affections 
induced  by  paludal  emanations ;  (F.)  Affections 
limnheiairpien. 

LIMOCTOX'IA,  Abstinence.  Abstinence  to 
death.  Death  from  hunger;  from  Xi//of,  'hunger,' 
and  KTiivoi.  'death.'     Suicide  br  hunger. 

LIMODES,  Hungry. 

LIMOX.  see  Citnia  medica. 

LIMuXAOA,  Lemonade. 

LIMONADE,  Lemonade  -I.  Gnzeusf,  see  Le- 
monade —  l.  Siche,  Lemonade,  dry ;  see  Citric 
Dcid. 

LTMOXIUM,  Statiee  Hmonium— 1.  Malum,  see 
Citrus  medica. 

LIMOXUM  BACCA,  ss  Citrus  medica. 


LIMOS,  Xi/(Of,  'hunger.'     Hence: 

LIMO'SIS,  Stomach  disease,  Morhid  appetittm 
A  genus  in  the  class  Coeliaca,  order  Enterica,  of 
Good. 

LiMOSTS  Cardialgia  Mordens,  Cardialgia — 1. 
Cardialgia  s putatoria.  Pyrosis — 1.  Dysjjepsia,  Dys- 
pepsia— 1.  Expers,  Anorexia — 1.  Expers  protraeta. 
Fasting  —  1.  Flatus,  Flatulence  —  1.  Helluonuni, 
Gluttony — 1.  Pica,  Malacia. 

LIMOTHERAPEI'A,  Nestitherapei'a,  Keato- 
therapei'a,  Nestiatri'a,  Peinotherapi'a,  Curatio 
morhi  per  ine'diam,  from  Xtfio;,  '  hunger,'  and 
&£pavHa,  'treatment.'  Hunger- cure.  Cure  by 
fasting. 

LIMUS,  Limos. 

LTJV,  Linum  usitatissimum — I.  Grnines  de,  see 
Linum  usitatissimum — I.  Purgatif,  Linum  cathar- 
ticum. 

LIN  AIRE,  Antirhinum  linaria. 

LIXAMEXTUM,  Linteura. 

LIXARIA,  Antirhinum  linaria  —  1.  Cymbala- 
ria,  Antirhinum  linaria  —  1.  Elatine,  Antirhinum 
elatine — 1.  Yuli-aris,  Antirhinum  linaria. 

LIXCTUARIUM,  Eclectos. 

LIXCTUS,  Eclectos— 1.  Albus,  Looch  album— 
1.  Amj'gdalinus,  Looch  album  —  1.  ad  Aphthas, 
Mel  boraeis — 1.  de  Borace,  Mel  boracis — 1.  Com- 
munis, Looch  album. 

LIXDEX  TREE,  Tilia. 

LIXE,  Liii'ea,  Gramme,  (F.)  Llgne.  Extent 
in  length,  considered  without  regard  to  breadth 
or  thickness.  As  a  measure,  it  means  the  12th 
part  of  an  inch. 

Mediax  Ltxe   of  the  Bout  is  an  imaginary 

line  supposed  to  set  out  from  the  top  of  the  head 

and  to  fall  between  the  feet,  so  as  to  divide  the 

body  vertically  into  two  equal  and  symmetrical 

I  parts. 

LIXEA,  Line. 

LiNEA  Alba,  L-  A.  Ahdom'inis,  (F.)  Ligne 
Handle,  Ligne  mediane  de  Vuhdomen  (Ch.),  Can- 
did'vla  ahdom'inis  lin'ea,  Lin'ea  ceutra'lis.  A 
tendinous,  strong,  atid  highly  resisting  cord:  ex- 
tending from  the  ensiform  cartilage  of  the  ster- 
num to  the  symphysis  pubis,  with  the  umbilicus 
near  its  middle.  The  liuea  alba  is  formed  by  the 
decussation  of  the  aponeurosis  of  the  abdominal 
muscles ;  and  its  use  is  to  limit  the  movement  of 
the  chest  backwards;  to  prevent  it  from  sej>arat- 
ingtoo  far  from  the  pelvis,  and  to  furnii-h  a  fix'.'d 
point  for  the  muscles  of  the  abdomen  in  their 
contraction. 

Linea  As'pera,  (F.)  Ligne  apre,  Ragged  ridge. 
Ligne  sous-trochanterienne,  (Ch.)  A  rough  pro- 
jection at  the  posterior  surface  of  the  femur, 
which  gives  attachment  to  muscles. 

Likea  Caxdidula  Abdominis,  L.  alba — 1.  Cen- 
tralis, L.  alba  —  1.  Innominata,  Ilio-pectinea 
Linea. 

LIXE.^  SEMILUXA'RES  are  thelines,which 
bound  the  outer  margin  of  the  recti  muscles  of 
the  abdomen.  They  are  formed  by  the  union  of 
the  abdominal  tendons.  The  lines  which  cross 
these  muscles  are  called  Lines  transver'scB. 

Lixe.e  Tib'i^,  An'gnli  tih'ice.  Sharp  lines  on 
the  tibia. 

LisE.E  TnANSTER.":^,  See  L.  semilunarcs,  and 
Processus  teretes. 

LINE  AIRE,  Linear. 

LIX'EAr.IEXT,  Liuromen'ttnn,  from  linen,  'a 
line.'  A  delicate  trait  observed  on  the  counte- 
nance, which  constitutes  its  special  character, 
enables  us  to  preserve  its  image,  and  is  the  cause 
of  resemblance  to  others.     A  feature. 

Bonnet  gave  the  name  Lineament  to  the  first 
traces  of  organization  in  the  embryo  of  man  and 
animals. 


LINEAR 


515 


LINIMENTUM 


LLN'EAR,  Linea'ris,  Linea'rlm.  Same  ety- 
mon. (F.)  Lineaire.  Pathologists  apply  the  epi- 
thet linear  to  fractures  which  are  very  narrow, 
and  in  which  the  fragments  are  scarcely  sepa- 
rated. 

LINE'OLAj  a  diminutive  of  linea,  'a  line.'  A 
email  line. 

LraE'OL^  Mamma'eum.  The  white  lines  on  the 
breasts. 

LINGUA,  Tongue  —  1.  Boris,  Anchusa  offici- 
nalis— 1.  Canina,  Cynoglossum — 1.  Cervina,  As- 
plenium  scolopendrium — 1.  Exigua,  Epiglottis — 
1.  Prognosis  ex,  Glossomantia  —  1.  Serpentaria, 
Ophioglossum  yulgatum. 

LijigujE  Avis,  see  Fraxinus  excelsior — 1.  De- 
tentor,  Glossocatochus — 1.  Exoncosis,  Glossoncus 
—  1.  Scalpium,  Cure-lanffue. 

LIN' G UAL,  Lingua'Us,  from  lingua,  'the 
tongue.'     Relating  or  belonging  to  the  tongue. 

LiXGiTAL  Ar'tert,  Arte'ria  lingua'lis,  arises 
from  tho  external  carotid ;  and,  after  several  tor- 
tuosities, reaches  the  base  of  the  tongue,  becomes 
horizontal,  and,  under  the  name  ^anuie,  advances 
to  the  tip,  where  it  anastomoses  with  its  fellow. 
lu  its  course,  it  gives  off  the  Dorsalis  lingum  and 
subungual. 

Lingual  Muscle,  Lingua'Us,  Basio-glossus 
(Cowper),  Glossia'nus,  is  a  small,  long,  fasciculus 
of  fibres,  hidden  beneath  the  sides  of  the  tongue, 
between  the  hyoglossus  and  styloglossus  mus- 
cles, which  are  on  the  outside,  and  the  genioglos- 
sus,  within.  This  muscle  passes  from  the  base  to 
the  tip  of  the  tongue;  and,  at  its  sides,  is  con- 
founded with  the  muscles  just  referred  to.  It 
shortens  the  tongue,  depresses  its  point,  and  can 
carry  it  to  the  right  or  left  side. 

Lingual  Nerve  is  a  name  which  has  been 
given  to  the  ninth  pair  or  hypoglossus.  It 
is,  also,  a  term  applied  to  a  branch  given  off 
from  the  Inferior  maxillary,  or  third  branch 
of  the  fifth  pair.  Near  its  origin  it  anastomoses 
with,  or  simply  runs  close  to,  the  chorda  tym- 
pani.  It  afterwards  gives  off  a  considerable  num- 
ber of  filaments,  which  are  distributed  to  the 
tongue,  and  some  of  which  are  said  to  have  been 
even  traced  as  far  as  the  papilla  ;  —  a  distribu- 
tion which  has  sccasioned  it  to  be  regarded  as 
the  Gustatory  nerve,  (F.)  Nerf  gustatif. 

Lingual  Salivary  Glands,  see  Salivary 
glands. 

Lingual  Vein  follows  nearly  the  same  distri- 
bution as  the  artery.  It  opens  into  the  internal 
jugular. 

LINGUALIS,  Lingual  muscle. 

LINGUETTA  LAMINOSA,  Lingula. 

LINGULA,  Ligula. 

Lin'gula,  Linguet'fa  lamino'sa.  A  thin,  trans- 
versely grooved  lobule  of  gi'ay  substance,  de- 
rived from  the  anterior  border  of  the  cerebellum, 
which,  for  a  short  distance,  lies  over  the  velum 
medullare  anterius. 

Lingula  Fistulj?,  Epiglottis. 

LINI  USITATISSIMI  SEMINA,  see  Linum 
usitatissimum. 

LIN'IMENT,  Linimen'tum,  Litus,  Enchris'ton, 
Cntachris'ton,Perich'risis,  Perichris'ton,Alelph'a, 
Aleim'ma,  Eachris'ta,  Frictum,  Fricato'rium,  In- 
iinc'tio,  from  linire,  'to  anoint  gently,'  'to  anoint.' 
An  unctuous  medicine,  containing  usually  oil  or 
lard,  which  is  used  externally  in  the  form  of 
friction. 

LINIMENT  AMMONIACAL,  Linimentum 
ammonias  —  I.  de  Carbonate  d'Animoniaque,  Li- 
nimentum ammonise  carbonatis. 

L  IN  121 E N  T  ANTIHEMORRHOIDALE 
DE  SIEUR  ANDRY,  (F.)  This  is  formed  of 
Narbonne  honey,  Olive  oil,  and  Turpentine, 


LINIMENT  ANTIPARALYTIQUE,  (F.) 
Composed  ot  subcarbonate  of  ammonia,  alcoholized 
oil,  black  soap,  and  oil  of  rosemary. 

Liniment,  Antiscrof'ulous,  of  Hufeland. 
It  is  composed  oi fresh  ox-gall.  White  Soap,  Un- 
guentuni  althm'cB,  Volatile  oil  of  petroleum,  Car- 
bonate of  ammonia,  and  Camphor. 

LINIMENT  CALCAIRE,  Linimentum  aquae 
calcis — 1.  Camphor,  Linimentum  camphorte  —  I, 
Campjhre,  Linimentum  camphorse  —  1.  of  Cantha- 
rides,  camphorated,  Linimentum  e  cantharidibug 
camphoratum — I.  Cantharide  camplire,  Linimen- 
tum e  cantharidibus  camphoratum  —  I.  d'Eau  de. 
chaux,  Linimentum  aquas  calcis  —  1.  of  Lime- 
water,  Linimentum  aqute  calcis  —  I.  de  Mercure, 
Linimentum  hydrarg3'ri — 1.  Mercurial,  Linimen- 
tum hydrargyri  —  I.  Oleo-calcaire,  Linimentum 
aquas  calcis.  ^ 

LINIMENT  RE  SOL  UTIF  DE  POTT,  com- 
posed of  0(7  of  turpentine  and  muriatic  acid.  Used 
in  rheumatism,  swellings,  &c. 

Liniment,  Saint  John  Long's.  A  liniment 
used  by  a  celebrated  empiric  at  the  commence- 
ment of  the  second  quarter  of  the  19th  century. 
It  is  said  to  have  consisted  of  oil  of  turpentine 
and  acetic  acid,  held  in  suspension  b\'  yolk  of 
egg.     It  was  a  powerful  counter-irritant. 

LINIMENT  DE  SAVON,  Linimentum  sapo- 
nis  compositum — I.  de  Savon  opiace,limimentujn 
saponis  et  opii. 

LINIMENT  SAVONNEUX  HYBROSUL- 
FURE  DE^JADELOT.  Composed  of  sulphurct 
of  2}otass,  ^vj  ;  tohite  soaj),  Ibij  ;  oil  of  2}'jpj'>li, 
K)iv  ;   oil  of  thyme,  ^ij.     Used  in  itch. 

Liniment,  Simple,  Linimentum  simplex  —  I. 
Soap,  Linimentum  saponis  —  1.  Soap  and  opium, 
Linimentum  saponis  et  opii — 1.  Soap,  compound, 
Linimentum  saponis  compos.- — 1.  Turpentine,  Li- 
nimentum terebinthina)  —  1.  of  Verdigris,  Lini- 
mentum seruginis  —  I.  de  Verf-de-gris,  Linimen- 
tum asruginis — I.  Volatil,  Linimentum  ammonite 
fortius. 

LINIMENTUM,  Liniment. 

Linimen'tum  .35ru'ginis,  Ox'ymel  uEru'ginis, 
Unguen'tum  jEgyptiacum,  McUi'tum  de  aceta'te 
cupri.  Liniment  of  verdigris,  (F.)  Liniment  de 
Vert-de-gris,  Jliel  d'acetate  de  cuivre.  [JErngiii, 
cont.  ^j  ;  acet.  §vij;  mellis  despjum.  pond.  ^xiv. 
Liquefied,  strained,  and  inspissated  by  boiling. — 
Ph.  L.)  It  is  used  as  an  escharotic  and  deter- 
gent;—  diluted,  as  a  gargle  in  venereal  ulcera- 
tions and  in  foul  ulcers. 

LiNiMENTUJt  Album,  Ceratum  eetacei,  Unguen- 
tum  eetacei — 1.  ad  Ambustiones,  L.  aquee  calcis. 

Linimentum  Ammo'ni^,  Sapjo  amwoniaca'lis, 
Linimen'tum  ammonia' tuni  seu  ammo'nicum  sen 
Anglica'num,  Sapio  ammo' nien  olea'ceus,  Unguen'- 
tum album  resol'vens,  Oleum  ammonia' turn,  Lini- 
mentum ammo'niw.  Strong  liniment  of  ammonia, 
(F.)  Liniment  volatil  ou  ammoniacal,  Savon  am- 
moniacal.  (Liq.  amynon.  f^j  ;  olei  olivcE,  f5ij. 
Mix. — Ph.  U.S.)  A  stimulating  and  rubefacient 
soap. 

LiNniENTUM  Ammo'niw  Carbona'tis,  Liniment 
of  subcarb'onate  of  ammo'nia.  Linimentum  am- 
mo' nice,  LinimentU7n  volat'ile.  Hartshorn  and  oil. 
(F.)  Liniment  de  carbonate  d'ammoniaque.  (.S'c- 
lut.  subcarb.  amnion,  f^j  ;  olei  oliv.  f^iij.  Shalie 
till  they  unite.)  A  stimulating  liniment,  mostly 
used  to  relieve  rheumatic  pains,  bruises,  <?;c. 

Linimentum  Ammoniatum  seu  Ammonicum,  L. 
ammonias  fortis  —  1.  Anglicanum,  L.  Ammonia* 
fortis — 1.  ad  Aphthas,  Mel  boracis. 

LiNiirENTUM  Aqu^  Calcis,  Linimentum  Calcic 
(Ph.  U.S.),  Oleum  lini  cum  calcc,  Sapio  calca'riuM, 
Linimentum  ad  amhustio'nes.  Liniment  of  limt~ 
water,  (F.)  Liniment  d'eau  de  cha-ix,  Savon  cal- 
caire,  Liniment  calcaire,  Liniment  oleo-calcairo. 


LINIMENT  UM 


516 


LIP 


(Olei  lini,  aqua  calcis,  aa  f^ij.  Misce.)  A 
cooling  and  emollient  application  to  burns  and 
scalds. 

LixniEXTUM  AncvEi,  Unguentum  elemi  com- 
positum  —  1.  de  Borate,  Mel  boracis  —  1.  Calcis, 
L.  aquEe  calcia. 

LlNlitENTUM  CAM'PHOBiE,  OhumCaw'jyhora'tum, 
Solu'tio  camphorob  oleo'sa,  Camphor  liniment,  (F.) 
Zwiment  CampJire,  {CamphurcB,  ^\Y  ;  olei  olivcB, 
f,^!j.  Dissolve.)  It  is  used  as  a  stimulant  and 
di^cutient. 

LiNiMENTUM  Cam'phor^  Compos'itum,  Ward's 
essence  for  the  headach,  Compound  camphor  lini- 
ment. {Camphor,  ^'ly,  liq.  ammonim,  f^ii  >  spirit, 
lavand.  Oj.  —  Ph.  L.)  It  is  stimulant  and  ano- 
dyne. 

LiNiMENTTTJi  CANTHAR'inis,  Liniment  of  Spainsh 
Flies.  {Oantharid.  in  pulv.  3J  ;  01.  Terebinth. 
Oss.  Digest  for  three  hours  by  means  of  a  water 
bath,  and  strain.  —  Ph.  U.  S.)  Used  as  an  exci- 
tant liniment  in  typhus,  &c. 

LiNniENTuii  E  Cantharid'ibus  Camphora'- 
TUM,  Campih' orated,  liniment  of  cantJiar'ides,  CF .) 
L.  cantharide  comphre.  {Tinet.  cantharid.  3SS  ," 
■  ol.  ami/r)d.  dale,  giv  ;  sapon.  amyrjd.  ^j  ;  camphor. 
qSS.  Dissolve  the  camphor  in  the  oil,  and  add 
this  mixture  to  the  tincture  and  soap. — Ph.  P.) 
Eubefacient,  and  discutient. 

LlxiMEXTUil  Hydrar'gyri,  Mercu'rtnl  lini- 
ment, (F.)  L.  de  Mercure.  (  Ung.  Hyd.  fort.,  adip. 
prap.  aa  ^'vr;  camphorce,  ^j  ;  sp.  red.  gtt.  xv; 
liquor  amnion,  f^iv.  E-ub  the  camphor  with  the 
spirit,-  add  the  ointment  and  lard  5  and,  lastly, 
gradually  add  the  solution. — Ph.  L.)  It  is  used 
fis  a  stimulant  and  discutient  to  venereal  swel- 
lings, &c. 

iiijfiMENTUjr  PLtTMBATTisr,  Unguentum  plumbi 
superacetatis — 1.  Saponaceum  opiatum,  L.  sapo- 
nis  et  opii. 

LlNIMENTUM    SAPONA'CEUM  HTDROSULPHURA'- 

T^^r.  {Common  Soap,  500  p.  Liquefy  in  a  water 
)>ath  in  an  earthen  vessel;  and  add  white  pop])]/ 
oil,  250  p.  Mix  intimately,  and  add  dry  sulphuret 
of  2)otass,  100  p.  Beat  together,  and  add  oil  of 
■poppy-seed,  750  p. — Ph.  P.)  In  cutaneous  aflfee- 
tions,  as  psora,  herpes,  <Sfcc. 

LiNiMEXTu.ir  Sapoxato-camphoratum,,  L.  Sa- 
ponis  camphoratum. 

LixniENTUJt  Sapo'nis,  Tinctu'ra  sapionis  cam- 
]ilLora'ta(V\\.'[].'&.), Camphorated  Tincture  of  Soap, 
Soap  Liniment.  (Sapnnis  ooncis.  "^'w  ;  camphor. 
5ij;  01.  llosmarin.  f^sa;  alcohol,  Oij.  Digest 
the  soap  and  alcohol  in  a  water  bath,  until  the 
fnrmer  is  dissolved;  filter,  and  add  the  camphor 
twid  oil.  —  Ph.  U.  S.)  Used  in  sprains,  bruises, 
ynd  as  an  embrocation. 

LiNiiiENTUM  Sapo'nis  Camphora'tum,  L.  S. 
Cinpos'itum,  L.  Sapona'to-camphora'ttim,  BaV- 
Sfjmwn  opodeV doc,  Tinetura  saponis  camphora'ta 
(Ph.  U.  S.),  OpodeV doch,  Steer's  opodeldoch,  (F.) 
L.  de  Savon.  Compound  Soap  Liniment.  {Sapon. 
rasur.  5i_v;  Camphor.  ,^ij ;  01.  Bosmarini,  f^ss; 
AqncB,  fqiv:  Alcohol.  Oij.  Mix  the  alcohol  and 
water ;  digest  the  soap  in  the  mixture  by  means 
of  a  water  bath,  until  it  is  dissolved ;  filter,  and 
tiiid  the  camphor  and  oil. — (Ph.  U.  S.)  Stimulant 
and  anodyne  ;  in  bruises,  local  pains,  &c. 

Freeman's  Bathincj  Spirits  consist  of  lin.  sapon 
comp.  coloured  with  Daffy's  elixir. 

Jackson's  Bathing  Spirits  differ  from  Freeman's 
m  the  addition  of  some  essential  oils. 

LiNDiENTUM  Sapo'nis  et  Opii,  L.  sapona'ceiim 
vpia'tum,  Soap  and  opium  liniment,  Bates's  ano- 
dyne halsam,  Balsamum  anod'ynum,  Tinetura  sa- 
ponis ct  opii,  (F.)  L.  de  Savon  opiace.  {Sajjonis 
duri.  ^'iy\  opjii,  3J  ;  camjihorcB,  ,^ij  ;  olei  roris- 
f.tann.  f^ss;  alcohol,  0\j.  —  Ph.  E.)  Anodyne; 
in  chronic  rhettinatism  and  local  pains  in  general. 


Linimentum  SurPLEX,  Simj^Ie  Liniment.  {OL 
oliv.  4  p. ;  cera  albm,  1  p.  fiat  linimentum, — Ph. 
E.)     Emollient;  used  in  chaps,  Ac. 

Linimentum  Simplex,  Unguentum  eerse. 

Linimentum  Terebin'thiNjE,  Turpen'tine  lini- 
ment. ( Cera f.  res j'wffi,  Ibj  ;  ol.  terebinth.  Oss.  Melt 
the  cerate  and  stir  in  the  oil.)  A  stimulant;  ap- 
plied to  burns,  <fec. 

LiNnrENTUM  YoiATiLE,  L.  ammonia  carbonatis. 

LINN^'A,  L.  Borea'lis.  This  plant,  called 
after  Linnajus,  has  a  bitter,  sub-astringent  taste ; 
and  is  used,  in  some  places,  in  the  form  of  fo- 
mentation, in  rheumatic  pains.  An  infusion  in 
milk  is  used  in  Switzerland  for  the  cure  of 
sciatica. 

LINOSPERMUM,  see  Linum  usitatissimum. 

LINSEED,  see  Linum  usitatissimum. 

LINT,  Carbasus,  Linteum. 

LINTEAMEN,  Linteum,  Pledget. 

LIN'TEUM,  Ij.  carptum  seu  rasum,  Lintea'- 
men,  0th' one,  Othon'ion,  Car'basus,  Car'basa, 
Car'pia,  Motos,  3Iote,  Motum,  Linamen'tum,  Til- 
ma,  Xystos,  Xysma,  Achne,  Lint,  (F.)  Charpie. 
A  soft,  flocculent  substance,  made  by  scraping 
old  linen  cloth,  (F.)  Charpie  r&piee,  or  by  unra- 
velling old  linen  cut  into  small  pieces — (F.)  Char- 
p>ie  brute;  and  employed  in  surgery  as  a.  dressing 
to  wounds,  ulcers,  &c.,  either  simply  or  covered 
with  ointment. 

Linteum  Carptum,  see  Linteum  —  1.  Easum, 
see  Linteum. 

LINUM,  see  Linum  usitatissimum — ^l.Arvense, 
L.  usitatissimum. 

Linum  Cathar'ticum,  L.min'imum,  Chamali'- 
num,  Purging  flax  or  3Iill  mountain,  (F.)  Lin 
purgatif.  This  plant  is  possessed  of  cathartic 
properties,  and  has  a  bitterish,  disagreeable  taste. 
Dose,  J5Jj  in  substance. 

Linum  Crudum,  see  Apolinosis  —  1.  Minimum, 
L.  Cathartieum. 

Linum  Usitatis'simum,  L.  arven'se,  Common 
flax,  (F.)  Lin.  The  seed,  Limnn  (Ph.  U.  S.), 
Sem'ina  lini  usitatis'simi,  Linosper'mum,  Lin- 
seed, Flaxseed,  (F.)  Grains  de  lin,  are  inodorous, 
and  almost  tasteless ;  yielding  mucOage  to  warm 
water,  and  oil  by  expression.  They  are  demul- 
cent and  emollient.  Linseed,  when  ground  into 
powder,  forms  a  good  emollient  poultice.  It  is 
only  necessary  to  stir  the  powder  into  boiling 
water.  The  oil.  Oleum  lini.  Flaxseed  oil,  (F.) 
Huile  de  Lin,  is  emollient  and  demulcent. 

LIONBENT,  Leontodon  taraxacum. 

LION'S  FOOT,  Nabalus  albus,  Prenanthes  — 
1.  Tail,  Leonurus. 

LIOPODIA,  Leiopodes. 

LIOPUS,  Leiopus. 

LIP,  Sax.  and  Germ.  Lippe,  Cheilos,La'hium, 
Labrum,  (F.)  Levre.  [In  Entomology,  labium 
means  the  lower  lip,  —  labrum,  the  upper.]  The 
lips  are  composed  of  different  muscular  fasciculi, 
nerves,  and  vessels,  covered  by  the  skin  and  mu- 
cous membrane  of  the  mouth.  They  circumscribe 
the  anterior  aperture  of  that  cavity ;  and  are  in- 
servient  to  mastication,  pronunciation,  <fcc.  They 
are  distinguished  into  upper  and  hncer — Ano- 
chei'lon,  and  Catochci'lon  —  and  are  placed  in 
front  of  each  jaw,  forming  between  them  the  an- 
terior aperture  of  the  mouth.  They  unite  at  each 
side,  and  form  what  arc  called  the  angles  or  com- 
missures of  the  mouth — Chal'ini.  Their  free  edge 
is  covered  with  a  mucous  membrane,  of  a  more 
or  less  livid  red,  according  to  the  individual. 
They  receive  their  arteries  from  the  external 
carotid.  Their  veins  open  into  the  two  jugulars. 
Their  lymphatic  vessels  descend  into  the  gan- 
glions situate  beneath  the  chin.  Their  nerves 
are  derived  from  the  infra-orbitar,  mental,  and 
facial. 


LIPA 


5ir 


LIQUOR 


,  Lips,  La'Ma,  (F.)  Levres  cle  la  vulve,  are  folds 
belonging  to  the  genital  organs  of  the  female, 
and  distinguished  into — 1.  Labia  piiden'di  seu 
CuHiii  seu  majo'ra,  Episi'a,  AIcb  puden'di  mulie'- 
bris,  Hytrochei'lides,  Rupes,  AlcB  majo'res,  Crem'- 
noi,  (F.)  Grandes  Levres.  These  are  two  mem- 
branous folds,  thicker  above  than  below,  which 
limit  the  vulva  laterally,  and  extend  from  the  in- 
ferior part  of  the  mons  veneris  to  the  perinseum. 
They  unite  anteriorly  and  posteriorly,  forming 
commissures ;  the  posterior  of  which  is  called 
FourcJietie.  Their  outer  surface  is  convex ;  formed 
of  skin  and  covered  with  hair.  The  inner  sur- 
face is  white,  and  covered  by  a  mucous  membrane, 
continuous  with  that  lining  the  other  parts  of  the 
vulva.  The  space  between  the  skin  and  mucous 
m.embrane  is  filled  with  a  fatty  tissue  and  fibrous 
bands,  some  fibres  of  the  constrictor  vaginte  mus- 
cle, vessels,  and  nerves. 

We  speak,  also,  of  the  lips  of  a  wound,  ulcer, 
&c.,  when  alluding  to  the  edges  of  these  solutions 
of  continuity. 

LIPA,  Xt:ra,  fat;  also,  Lippitudo. 

LI'PARA,  from  Xt7rapo{r,  'fatty,'  and  Xtira,  'fat.' 
Plasters,  containing  much  oil  or  fat. 

LIPARIA,  see  Polysarca. 

LIPAROCE'LE,Zjpoce7e,from  Xivapog,  'fatty,' 
and  Kr/Xri,  '  tumour.'  Liiio'ma,  or  fatty  tumour 
of  the  scrotum,  Her'nia  pinguedino' sa  scroti. 

LIPAROLE,  Pomatum,  Pommade. 

LIPAROTES,  see  Polysarcia. 

LIPAROTRICH'IA,  from  Xnrapo^,  'fat,'  and 
&pi^,  'hair.'     Too  great  oiliness  of  the  hair. 

LIPASMA,  see  Polysarcia. 

LIPEMANIA,  Melancholy,  see  Lypemania. 

LIPH^MIA,  Leiphsemia. 

LIPHiEMOS,  Leiphsemos. 

LIPO  or  LEIPO,  Xuttoi,  '  I  leave,'  '  I  forsake.' 
Hence,  Leipopsychia,  Leipothymia. 

LIPOCELE,  Liparocele. 

LIPODERMIA,  Aposthia. 

LIPODERMOS,  Leipodermos. 

LIPO'MA,  Lypo'ma,  from  Xnroj,  'fat,'  'fatty 
tumour.'  A  fatty  tumour  of  an  encysted  or  other 
character. 

LIPOME'RIA,  Leipome'ria,  from  Xcnru),  'I 
leave,'  and  (upoi,  a  'part.'  Monstrosity  from  ar- 
rest of  development,  or  from  defect.  Deficiency 
of  one  or  more  of  the  parts  of  the  body ;  for  ex- 
ample, where  a  person  has  only  four  fingers. 

LIPOPSYCHIA,  Syncope. 

LIPOS,  Pinguedo. 

LIPOSIS,  see  Polj-sareia, 

LIPOTHYMIA,  Syncope. 

LIPPA,  Ohassie. 

LIPPIA,  Adali. 

LIPPITU'DO,  Ophthal'mia  ehron'ica  of  some, 
Lippitiide,  Blear-eye,  Lappa,  Lipa,  Xerophthal'- 
mia,  Lema,  Leme,  Lemos'itas,  Gleme,  Glama,  Gra'- 
mia.  A  copious  secretion  of  the  sebaceous  hu- 
mour of  the  eyelids,  which  renders  them  gummy. 
It  is  owing  to  a  state  of  chronic  inflammation  of 
the  tarsal  margins;  the  eyelids  being  generally 
red,  tumefied,  and  painful. 

Lippitudo  Neonatorum,  see  Ophthalmia. 

LIPPUS,  Ohassieu.r. 

LIPSIS  ANIMI,  Syncope. 

LIPSOTRICHIA,  Alopecia,  Calvities. 

L I Q  U AM  U'M  lA,  Adeps  huma'nus.  Human 
fat  —  Ruland  and  Johnson. 

LIQUARIUM,  Syrupus  simplex. 

LIQUATIO,  Liquefaction. 

LIQUEFA'CIENT,  Liqncfa'ciens,  from  liquid- 
us,  'liquid,'  and/aecce,  'to  make.'  A  medicinal 
agent,  which  seems  to  have  the  power  of  liquefy- 


ing solid  depositions.  To  this  class  mercury, 
iodine,  &e.,  have  been  referred  by  some. 

LIQUEFACTION,  Liqua'tio,  Liquefac'tio ; 
(same  etymon.)  Transformation  of  n  solid  sub- 
stance into  a  liquid.  It  is  used  particularly  in 
speaking  of  metals  and  fatty  bodies,  see  Fusion. 

LIQUEUR  B' ALU  MINE  GOMPOSEE,  Li- 
quor aluminis  compos.  —  I.  Arsenicale,  Liquor  ar- 
seniealis  —  I.  Fumante  de  Boyle,  AmmoniEe  sul- 
phuretum.  Liquor  fumans  Boylii  — Z.  Volatile  de 
come  de  cerf,  Liquor  volatilis  cornu  cervi  —  I. 
de  Cuivre  ammoniacal,  Liquor  cupri  ammoniatl 
—  I.  de  Fer  alcaline,  Liquor  ferri  alkalini  —  I. 
de  Soxis-aeetate  de  p)lomb,  Liquor  plumbi  sub- 
acetatis  —  I.  de  Potasse,  Liquor  potasste  —  I.  de 
Sous-carhonate  de  potasse,  Liquor  potassse  sub- 
carbonatis. 

LIQUID,  ADHESIVE,  MAYNARD'S,  Collo- 
dion— 1.  Disinfecting,  Burnett's,  see  Burnett's  dis- 
infecting liquid  —  1.  Disinfecting,  Labarraque's, 
Liquor  sod»  chlorinatse — 1.  Disinfecting,  Le- 
doyen's,  see  Ledoyen's  disinfecting  liquid. 

LIQUIDAMBAR  ASPLENIFOLIA,  Compto- 
nia  asplenifolia — 1.  Officinalis,  see  Styrax — 1.  Pe- 
regrina,  Comptonia  asplenifolia. 

Liquidam'bar  Styracif'lua,  Liquidam'bra, 
Sweet  yum.  The  name  of  the  tree  which  affords 
the  Liquid  amber  and  Storax  liquida,  Styrax  li- 
quida  or  Liquid  storax.  Liquid  amber  is  a  re- 
sinous juice  of  a  yellow  colour,  inclining  to  red ; 
at  first  of  about  the  consistence  of  turpentine ;  by 
age,  hardening  into  a  solid,  Lilttle  mass.  It  is 
not  used  medicinally. 

Styrax  Liquida  is  obtained  from  this  plant  by 
boiling.  There  are  two  sorts,  —  one  more  pure 
than  the  other.  It  is  used,  occasionally,  as  a 
stomachic,  in  the  form  of  plaster. 

LIQUIDUM  NERVEUM,  Nervous  fluid. 

LIQUIRITIA,  Glycyrrhiza. 

LIQUOR,  Liqua'men,  Hygron,  Hy'grotes,  (F.) 
Liqueur.  A  name  given  to  many  compound  li- 
quids, and  especially  to  those  the  bases  of  which 
are  water  and  alcohol. 

Liquor  Acidus  Halleri,  Elixir  acidum  Hal- 
leri  —  1.  ^thereus.  Ether  —  1.  JEthereus  sulphu- 
ricus,  Spiritus  astheris  sulphurici. 

Liquor  Alu'minis  Compos'itus,  Aqua  alu'mi- 
nis  conijjos'ita,  Aqua  alumino' sa  Batea'na,  Com- 
pound solu'tion  of  Alum,  (F.)  Liqueur  d'alumine 
composee.  (Aluminis,  zinci  sulphat.  sing,  ^ss, 
aqucB  fervent.  Oij.  Dissolve  and  filter  through 
paper.)  Detergent  and  stimulant.  Used  as  a 
collyrium,  when  properly  diluted,  in  ophthalmia; 
as  an  injection  in  gleet,  leucorrhoea,  &c. 

Liquor  Ammo'nije,  Liq.  ammonice puree,  Al'cali 
ammnni'acum  flu'idum,  Ammo'nia  Uq'uida,  A. 
caus'tica  liquida,  A.  pxtra  liquida,  Lixiv'ium- 
ammoniaca'le,  Spiritus  salis  ammoniaci  aqno'sus. 
Aqua  ammonicE,  Aqua  ammonias  caus'tica.  Liquid 
ammonia,  Solution  of  ammonia,  (F.)  Ammoniaque 
liqnide.  (Directed  to  be  made  in  the  Pharm.  U. 
S.  from  muriate  of  Ammonia,  in  fine  powder ;  and 
Lime,  each  a  pound  ;  distilled  water  a  pint;  icater, 
nine  fluidounees.  The  water  is  employed  to  slake 
the  lime ;  this  is  mixed  with  the  muriate  of  am- 
monia and  put  into  a  glass  retort  in  a  sand-bath. 
Heat  is  applied  so  as  to  drive  off  the  ammonia, 
which  is  made  to  pass  into  a  quart  bottle  contain- 
ing the  distilled  water.  To  every  ounce  of  the 
product  three  and  a  half  fluidrachms  of  distilled 
water  are  added,  or  as  :iiuch  as  may  be  necessary 
to  raise  its  s.  g.  to  0.96.  This  Liquor  Ammonias 
may  also  be  made  by  mixing  one  part  of  liquor 
ammonise  fortior  with  two  parts  of  distilled  water. 
(Ph.  U.  S.  1842.)  Its  s.  g.  is  0.960.  Liquor 
Ammonia  fortior,  Stronger  solution  of  ammo- 
nia (Ph.  U.  S.)  is  an  aqueous  solution  ot  wnmnnia 


LIQUOR 


518 


LIQUOR 


of  tie  s.  g.  0.882.  Liquor  ammonias  is  stimulant, 
antacid,  and  rubefacient.  Dose  gtt.  to  xx,  in 
water  or  milk. 

Liquor  Ammonia  Aceta'tis,  Al'cali  ammom'- 
acum  aceta'tum,  Alcali  volat'ile  aceta'tum,  Aqua 
aceta'tis  amnio' nicB,  Solution  of  acetate  of  ammo- 
nift,  Aqua  ammo'nicB  aceta'tm,  Ace'taa  ammonim, 
i^'pirit  of  Jfindere'rus,  Sal  ammoni' aeum  vegc.tah' - 
He,  S2)ir'itus  ojyhthal' miens  3Iindere'ri,  Sal  aceto'- 
SHS  ammoniaca'iis.  {Acid,  acetic,  dibit.  Oij,  Am- 
■mon.  carhonat.  in  puly.  add  the  salt  to  the  acid 
until  it  is  saturated.  Ph.  U.  S.  1851.)  A  sudorific  j 
Kj-.ternalhj,  cooling.     Dose,  f^ij  to  f^iss. 

Liquor  Ammonite  Subcarbona'tis,  Solu'tio 
iJiLcarhonntis  ammonia,  Aqaa  carbonatis  ammo- 
jiicE,  Solution  of  subcarbonate  of  ammonia.  [Am- 
rnonicB  carbon,  ^iv,  aqua  destillat.  Oj.  Dissolve 
and  filter  through  paper.)  Use;  —  the  same  as 
that  of  the  carbonate  of  ammonia. 

Liquor  Amjionii  Hydrothiodis,  Ammoniae 
sulphuretum  —  1.  ex  Ammonia  et  oleo  succini, 
Spiritus  ammoniae  succLnatus — 1.  Ammonii  vino- 
sus,  Spiritus  ammoniae. 

Liquor  Am'nii,  Aqua  amnii.  The  liquor  of  the 
amnios.  (F.)  Eaux  de  I'amnios.  The  fluid  ex- 
haled by  the  amnios,  and  which  envelops  the  foe- 
tus during  the  whole  period  of  utero-gestation. 
It  is  often  simply  called  the  waters,  (F.)  Les  Eaux. 
Its  relative  quantity  diminishes  as  pregnancy  ad- 
vances, although  its  absolute  quantity  continues 
to  increase  till  the  period  of  delivery.  In  some 
women  only  five  or  six  ounces  are  met  with  :  in 
others,  it  amounts  to  pints.  It  is  limpid,  yellow- 
ish, or  whitish ;  exhales  a  faint  smell,  and  has  a 
slightly  saline  taste.  It  contains  water  in  con- 
siderable quantity  ,•  albumen;  chloride  of  sodium; 
phosphate  of  lime;  an  alkaline  substance;  and 
a  particular  acid.  It  facilitates  the  dilatation 
of  the  uterus,  and  aids  delivery  by  acting  as  a 
soft  wedge  enclosed  in  its  membranes,  Poehe  dex 
Eaux,  &c.  It  is  probably  inservient  to  useful 
purposes  in  the  nutrition  of  the  foetus. 

Liquor  Amnii,  False.  The  fluid  contained 
between  the  amnion  and  chorion  in  the  early 
periods  of  foetal  existence. 

Liquor,  Anodyne,  Hoffmann's,  Spiritus  aethe- 
ris  sulphurici  compositus — 1.  Anodynus  martialis, 
Alcohol  sulphurico-aethereus  ferri. 

Liquor  Anod'ynus  Terebinthina'tus.  A  for- 
mula prescribed  by  Eademacher  in  cases  of  gall- 
stone, and  of  obstructions  and  indurations  of  the 
liver  and  sjileen.  It  was  composed  oi Hoffmann' e 
anodyne  liquor  §  j ;  rectified  oil  of  turpentine  ^ij. 
Dose  5  to  10  drops.  It  resembles  the  Bemede  de 
Durand. 

Liquor  Arsenica'lis,  L.  potas'sce  arseni'tia 
(Ph.  U.  S.),  Solu'tio  arsenicalis,  S.  arsenica'ta,  S. 
o/rseni'tis  kal'iccB,  Arsen'ical  solution,  ilin'ercd 
solvent,  Ar'senis 2}otas'8(B  liq'uidua,  Ar'aenis  potas- 
SCB  aquo'aus.  Fowler's  sohition  of  arsenic,  Solvens 
minera'le,  Ital'ian  poison,  Aqua  Tofa'na,  Aqua 
Toffa'nia,  Acqun  delta  Toffana,  Acqua  di  Najjoli, 
Acquct'ta  (?),  Tasteleaa  ague  drop,  (F.)  Liqueur 
areenicale.  {Acid.  ^rseHi'os.  in  frustulis,  po?a««<E 
carbonatis  pur.,  sing.  gr.  Ixiv.,  aqua  destillat.  q. 
S.  Boil  together  the  arsenious  acid  and  carbonate 
of  potassa  with  twelve  fluidounees  of  distilled 
water,  in  a  glass  vessel,  until  the  arsenic  is  dis- 
solved. When  the  solution  is  cold,  add  Spirit, 
lavand.  c.  i^vf,  and  as  much  distilled  water  as 
will  make  the  whole  one  pint.  Ph.  U.  S.)  f^j 
contains  gr.  ss  of  the  arsenious  acid.  Dose,  gtt.  xx. 
Liquor  Arsenici  et  Hydrargyri  Iodidi,  see 
Arsenic  and  Mercury,  iodide  of — 1.  Barii  chloridi, 
Baryta,  muriate,  solution  of — l.Bellosti,  L.Hydrar- 
j;yri  nitrici  —  1  Calcii  chloridi,  see  Calcis  murias. 
Liquor  Calcis,  Solu'tio  calcia.  Aqua  calcis. 
Aqua  benedic'ta,  Calca'ria  pura  liq'uida,  Aqua 


calca'ricBUsfcB,  Solution  of  Lime,  Lime  Water,  (F.) 
Eaudechaux.  {Calcis ^iv.  aq.  deatill.  cong.  Pour 
the  water  on  the  lime,  and  stir.  Let  it  stand  in 
a  covered  vessel  three  hours  ;  bottle  the  lime  and 
water  in  stojjped  bottles,  and  use  the  clear  solu- 
tion.) It  is  astringent,  tonic,  and  antacid ;  and 
is  used  in  diarrhoea,  diabetes,  heartburn,  &c.,  and 
as  a  lotion  to  foul  and  cancerous  ulcers,  Sec. 
Dose,  §ij  to  Oss,  in  milk. 

Liquor  Calcis  Compos'itus,  Aqua  calcis  com- 
pos'ita.  Compound  lime  water.  Aqua  benedic'ta 
compos'ita,  (F.)  Eau  de  chanx  com2wse.  {Lign. 
guaiac.  ras.  Ibss,  rad.  glycyrrh.  g  j,  cort.  sassafras, 
5ss;  semin.  coriand.  ^ij,  liquor  calcia,  Ovj.  Ma- 
cerate for  two  days,  and  filter.)  It  is  stimulant, 
diaphoretic,  and  astringent,  and  is  used  in  cuta- 
neous affections. 

Liquor  Calcis  Muriatis,  see  Calcis  murias — 
1.  Cereris,  Cerevisia  —  1.  Chloreti  natri,  L.  sodae 
chlorinatae — 1.  Chlorini,  see  Chlorine — 1.  Chloru- 
reti  natri,  L.  Sodae  chlorinataa — 1.  Chlorureti  soda?, 
L.  sodae  chlorinatse. 

Liquor  Cupri  Ammonia'ti,  Aqua  cupri  ammo- 
nia'ti.  Aqua  aappjhari'na.  Blue  eyewater.  Solution 
of  ammoniated  cop2Jer ;  (F.)  Liqueur  ou  Eau  de 
cuivre  ammoniacal.  {Cu])ri  ammoniat.  Jj.  aqua 
deatill.  Oj.  Dissolve  and  filter  the  solution  through 
paper.  Ph.  L.)  Corrosive  and  detergent.  Used 
externally  to  foul  ulcers;  and  diluted  with  an 
equal  part  of  distilled  water,  it  is  applied  by  means 
of  a  hair  pencil  to  specks  and  films  on  the  eye. 

Liquor  Cupri  Sulpha'tis  Compos'itus,  Aqua 
cupri  vitriola'ti  composita.  {Cu2)ri  aulphat.,  ulu- 
min.  sul2)hat.  aa  §iij,  aqua  2}Uf<B  Oij,  acid  sul2ih. 
gij.  Boil  the  salts  in  the  water  until  they  aro 
dissolved ;  then  filter  the  liquor,  and  add  the  acid.) 
Used  as  an  astringent  in  epistaxis,  &c.  It  was 
also  called  Aqua  Stypj'tica. 

Liquor  Cyreniacus,  Benjamin  —  1.  Excitans, 
Spiritus  ammoniae  succinatus. 

Liquor  Ferri  Alkali'iti,  Sohition  of  Allaline 
Iron,  (F.)  Liqueur  defer  alcaline.  {Ferri  ^iiss, 
acid. nitric,  ^ij,  aqua  destillat.  fgyj.  liq.  2'otass. 
subcarb.  f^vj.  To  the  acid  and  water  mixed, 
add  the  iron;  and,  after  the  effervescence,  add 
the  clear  solution,  gradually,  to  the  liq.  pjotassa 
subcarb.;  shaking  it  occasionally  till  it  assumes 
a  deep  brown-red  colour,  and  the  effervescence 
stops.  After  six  hours'  settling,  pour  ofl'  the  clear 
solution.  Ph.  L.)  It  is  tonic,  like  other  prepa- 
rations of  iron.     Dose,  f  Jss  to  f  giss. 

Liquor  Ferri  Io'didi,  Solution  of  Iodide  of 
Iron,  Syru'pus  Ferri  io'didi,  Syrup  of  I'odide  of 
Iron.  {lodin.  ^ij,  Ferri  rament.  3J,  Sacchur. 
23ulv.  ^xij,  Aqua  destillat.  q.  s.  Mix  the  iodine 
with  f5X  of  the  distilled  water,  in  a  porcelain  or 
glass  vessel,  and  gradually  add  the  iron  filings, 
constantly  stirring.  Heat  the  mixture  gently 
until  the  liquor  acquires  a  light  greenish  colour; 
then,  having  added  the  sugar,  continue  the  heat 
a  short  time,  and  filter.  Lastly,  pour  distilled 
water  upon  the  filter,  and  allow  it  to  pass  until 
the  whole  of  the  filtered  liquor  measures  twenty 
fluidounees.  Keep  the  solution  in  closely  stopped 
bottles.— Ph.  U.  S.)     Dose,  10  to  30  drops. 

Liquor  Ferri  Muriatis,  Tinctura  ferri  mu- 
riatis. 

Liquor  Ferri  Nitra'tis,  L.  F.  Sesquinitra'tis 
seu  ternitra'tis,  Solu'tio  Ferri  nitra'tis.  Solution 
of  nitrate,  ternitrafe  of  aesquioxide,  or  sesquini- 
trate  of  iron,  has  been  recommended  in  chronic 
diarrhoea  and  dysentery.  Its  vu'tues  exactly  re- 
semble those  of  chloride  of  iron.  It  is  prepared 
as  follows:  —  Ferri  fli,  ineis.  5J,  Acid,  nitric. 
f^iij,  Aq.  destillat.  q.  s.  Mix  the  acid  and  a  pint 
of  distilled  water,  until  gas  ceases  to  be  given 
off;  filter,  and  add  distilled  water  to  make  f5xi*> 
—Ph.  U.  S.)     Dose,  10  to  20  drops. 


LIQUOR 


519 


LIQUOR 


Liquor  Fumaxs  Boy'lii,  Sulphure'tum  Ammo'- 
nim  Hydrof/ena'tum,  Hydrosulpliure'tum  Ammo- 
ma,  Tinctu'ra  Sul'phuris  Volnt'ilis,  Aqua  Sul- 
phure'ti  Ammonia,  Boyle's  Fuming  liquor,  (F.) 
Liqueur  fumante  de  Boyle.  It  is  possessed  of 
nauseating  and  emetic  properties,  and  has  been 
given  in  diabetes  and  diseases  of  excitement  as  a 
deojcygenizer  1 

Liquor  Fujiixg,  Boyle's,  Liquor  fumans  Boy- 
lii — 1.  Fuming,  of  Libavius,  Tin,  muriate  of — 1. 
Genital,  Sperm — 1.  of  Hartshorn,  volatile.  Liquor 
volatilis  cornu  cervi  —  1.  Hydrargyri  Biehloridi, 
Liquor  hydrargyri  oxymuriatis  —  1.  Hj'drargyri 
chloridi  corrosivi,  L.  hydrargyri  oxymuriatis  — 
1.  Hydrargyri  et  arsenici  iodidi,  see  Arsenic  and 
Mercury,  iodide  of. 

Liquor  Hydrar'gyri  Nitrici,  L.  Bellosti,  (F.) 
Eaii  mercurielle,  Eau  contre  la  gangrene,  Eemede 
du  Due  d'Antin,  R.  du  Capucin,  [Hydrarg.  120 
p.,  acid  nitr.  (33°,)  150  p.  Dissolve,  and  add  to 
the  solution,  distilled  water,  900  p.  Ph.  P.)  Dose, 
two  or  three  drops  in  a  glass  of  water.  Not  much 
used. 

Liquor  Hybrar'gyri  Oxyjiuria'tis,  Liquor 
Hydrar'gyri  Chlo'ridi  corrosi'vi,  L.  Hydrar'gyri 
biehloridi,  Solu'tion  of  Oxymuriate  of  2Iercury, 
Liquor  Swietenis,  L.  Syphilit'icus  Turneri,  3Iu'- 
rias  hydrargyri  spirituo'sus  liq'uidus,  Solutio 
Muria'tis  hydrar'gyri  oxygenati,  Liquor  or  Solu- 
tion of  Corro'sive  Sab'limate  or  of  Van  Sicieten. 
(Hyd.  oxym.  gr.  viij,  aqua  destill.  f^xv,  sp.  rect. 
fjj.  Dissolve  in  the  water  and  add  the  spirit. 
Ph.  P.)     Dose,  f^ss,  or  f^j. 

Norton's  Drops,  Green's  Drops,  and  Solomon's 
Anti-Imiyetig" enes — all  nostrums — -seem  to  be  dis- 
guised solutions  of  Corrosive  Sublimate. 

Liquor  Hydrargyri  Supernitratis,  see  Hy- 
drargyri nitras —  1.  Hydriodatis  Arsenici  et  Hy- 
drargyri, Arsenic  and  mercury,  iodide  of. 

Liquor  Io'dini  Compos'itus,  (Ph.  U.  S.  1842,) 
Liquor  lodin'ii  eompos'itus,  (Ph.  U.  S.  1851,)  So- 
lu'tio  Potaa'sii  lo'didi  lodure'ta.  Compound  Solu- 
tion of  Iodine,  Lugol's  Solution.  [lodin.  qVJ, 
Potass,  iodid.  ^iss,  Aqua  destillat.  Oj.  Dissolve 
the  iodine  and  iodide  of  potassium  in  the  water. 
—  Ph.  U.  S.)  Dose,  gtt.  vj.  ad  xij,  in  sugared 
water. 

Liquor  Lithargyri  Subacetatis,  L.  plumbi 
subacetatis — 1.  Lithargyri  subacetatis  compositus, 
Liquor  plumbi  subacetatis  dilutus. 

Liquor  op  Monro,  Solution  of  Monro.  A  so- 
lution, used  by  Monro  for  the  preservation  of 
anatomical  preparations.  It  was  composed  of 
alcohol  at  22°  or  24°,  with  a  drachm  of  nitric 
acid  to  each  pint. 

Liquor  Morgag'nii.  The  small  quantity  of 
fluid  contained  within  the  capsule  of  the  crystal- 
line lens. 

Liquor  Morphi'nje  seu  Morphia  Aceta'tis, 
Solution  of  Acetate  of  Morphia,  An'odyne  Drops. 
[Acetate  of  morphia,  gr.  svj,  distilled  water,  f^vj, 
dilute  acetic  acid,  f^ijO  Dose,  from  six  to 
twenty-four  drops. 

Liquor  Morphi'n^  seu  Mor'phi^  Sulpha'- 
TIS,  Solution  of  Sulphate  of  3ror2)hia.  (^Morphia 
sulphat.  gr.  viij,  aqua  destillat.  Oss.  Dissolve 
the  sulphate  of  morphia  in  the  water. — Ph.  U.  S.) 
Dose,  f^j  to  fjij — containing  from  an  eighth  to 
a  quarter  of  a  grain. 

Liquor  Xatri  Oxymuriatici,  L.  Soda^  ehlori- 
natse — 1.  Nervinus  Bangii,  Tinctura  ajtherea 
camphorata  —  1.  Oleosus  Sylvii,  Spiritus  ammo- 
Dia3  aromatieus — 1.  Opii  sedativus,  (Haden's,)  see 
Tinctura  opii. 

Liquor  Opii  Sedati'vus.  An  empirical  pre- 
paration by  a  London  druggist  of  the  name  of 


Battley.  It  is  said  to  be  an  aqueous  solution 
of  opium,  evaporated  to  dryness  to  get  rid 
of  the  acid  resin,  re-dissolved  in  water,  and 
a  small  portion  of  alcohol  added  to  give  it  per- 
manence.—  Redwood.  It  is  devoid  of  many  of 
the  narcotic  effects  of  opium. 

Liquor  Oyi  Albus,  Albumen  ovi — 1.  Pancrea- 
ticus,  see  Pancreas  —  1.  Pericardii,  see  Pericar- 
dium—  1.  Plumbi  acetatis,  L.  P.  subacetatis  —  1. 
Plumbi  diacetatis.  Liquor  Plumbi  subacetatis. 

Liquor  Plumbi  Subaceta'tis,  Liquor  Subace- 
ta'tis  Lithar'gyri,  Solution  of  Subacetate  of  Lead, 
Liquor  Plumbi  Aceta'tis,  L.  P.  Diaceta'tis,  Gou- 
lard's Extrac'tum  Satur'7ii,  Lithar'gyri  Ace'tum, 
(F.)  Liqueur  de  sous-acetate  de  Plomb.  (Plumb, 
acet.  .^xvj.  Plumb,  oxid.  semivitr.  in  pulv.  subtil, 
^ixss,  aq.  destillat.  Oiv.  Boil  together  in  a  glass 
or  porcelain  vessel,  for  half  an  hour,  occasionally 
adding  distilled  water,  so  as  to  preserve  the  mea- 
sure. Filter  through  paper,  and  keep  the  solu- 
tion in  closely  stopped  bottles. — Ph.  V.  S.)  It  is 
used  externally  as  a  cooling  astringent,  and  dis- 
cutient,  when  diluted  with  distilled  water. 

Liquor  Plujibi  Subaceta'tis  Dilu'tus,  Li- 
quor Subaceta'tis  Lithar'gyri  Compjos'itus,  Aqua 
Satur'ni,  Ace'tas  Plumbi  dilu'tum  alcohol'icum. 
Diluted  Solu'tion  of  Subac"etate  of  Lead,  Aqua 
veg" eto-minera' lis,  Tinctu'ra  plumbo'sn,  Aqua  Li- 
thar'gyri Aeeta'ti  compos'ita,  Liquor  Plumbi  Ace- 
ta'tis dilu'tus,  Goulard  water,  (F.)  Eau,  blanche, 
Eau  de  Goulard,  Eau  vegeto-minerale,  White 
Wash,  Royal  Preventive.  (Liq.  plumbi  subacet. 
f^ij,  aqua  destillat.  Oj.  Ph.  U.  S.)  Properties 
the  same  as  the  last,  but  feebler. 

Liquor  Potas'sje,  Aqua  Potas'sa,  Aqua  Kali 
Oaust'ici,  Solution  of  Potash  or  of  Potassa,  Lix~ 
iv'ium  ynagistra'le,  L.  Sapona'rium,  Soap  Lees, 
Aqua  Kali  puri.  Soap  Ley,  Lixiv'ium  cau'sticum, 
Potas'sa  liq'uida,  (F.)  Eau,  solution  ou  liqueur  de 
Potasse,  Potasse  liquide,  Lessive  des  Savonniers. 
{Potassa  carb.  Ibj,  calcis  Ibss,  aqua  destill.  fer- 
vent, congium.  Dissolve  the  alkali  in  Oij  of  the 
water,  and  add  the.  remainder  of  the  lime.  Mis 
the  whole :  set  aside  in  a  close  vessel,  and,  when 
cold,  filter  through  calico.  Ph.  L.)  It  is  anti- 
lithic  in  cases  of  uric  acid  calculi,  and  antacid. 
Externally,  stimulant  and  escharotic.  Dose,  gtt. 
X  to  XX. 

Liquor  Potass.e  Arsenitis,  L.  arsenicalis — • 
1.  PotassEe  Carbonatis,  L.  P.  Subearbonatis. 

Liquor  Potass^  Citra'tis,  Solution  of  Citrate 
of  Potassa,  Neutral  Mixture,  Saline  Mixture. 
{Succ.  Limon.  Oss,  Potass.  Bicarbonat.  q.  s.)  sa- 
turate by  the  carbonate  of  potassa,  and  filter,-  or. 
Acid.  Citric  ^ss;  01.  Limon.  f^.  iy,  Aqua  Oss, 
Potass.  Bicarbonat.  q.  s. ;  dissolve,  saturate  by 
the  carbonate  of  potassa,  and  filter.  Ph.  U.  S.) 
Used  in  fever,  but  probably  of  little  or  no  eiScacy. 

Liquor  Potass^  Subcarboxa'tis,  L.  P.  Car- 
bonatis (Ph.  U.  S.),  Aqua  Subearbonatis  Kali, 
O'leum  Tar' tari  per  deliq'uium,  Aqua  Kali,  Lix- 
iv'ium Tartari,  Aqua  Kali  prapara'ti,  Oil  of 
Tartar,  Saline  oil  of  Tartar,  Solu'tion  of  Subcar'- 
bonate  of  Potass,  (F.)  Liqueur  de  sou^-carbonute 
de  Potasse,  Lessive  de  Turtre,  [Potass,  subcarb. 
ibj,  aqua  destillat.  f^xij.  Dissolve  and  filter.) 
Dose,  gtt.  X  to  XXX. 

Liquor  Potassii  Iodidi  seu  Potass^e  Hydri- 
ODA'tis,  Solution  of  Iodide  of  Potassium  or  of 
Hydriodate  of  Potass.  (Potassii  iodid.  gr.  36, 
aqua  destillat.  f^j.)  Dose,  gtt.  xs,  three  times 
a  day. 

Liquor,  Propagatory,  Sperm — 1.  Prostaxicus, 
Prostatic  liquor — 1.  Puris,  see  Pus. 

Liquor  Saxg'uixis.  A  term  given  by  Dr. 
Babington  to  one  of  the  constituents  of  the 
blood," the  other  being  the  red  particles.  ITa 
considers,  from  bi=  experiments  *Jiat  fibrin  oiid 


LIQUORICE 


520 


LITHODRASSIC 


geTim  do  not  exist  as  such  in  circulating  blood, 
bui  that  the  Liquor  Sanguinis  —  Plasma,  of 
Schultz,  Coagulahle  or  plastic  Lymph,  the  Ifuca- 
go  or  Mucilage  of  Harvey,  Hewson  and  others — 
when  removed  from  the  circulation  and  no  longer 
subjected  to  the  laws  of  life,  has  then,  and  not 
before,  the  property  of  separating  into  fibrin  and 
serum.  It  is  the  oxyprotein  of  the  liquor  san- 
guinis, after  the  red  particles  have  subsided, 
and,  according  to  Mulder,  forms  the  bufiy  coat 
of  inflammatory  blood. 

LiQUOE  OF  Scarpa,  Vitrine  auditive. 

Liquor  Sem'inis.  The  homogeneous,  transpa- 
rent fluid,  in  which  the  spermatozoa  and  seminal 
granules  are  suspended. — Wagner.     See  Sperm. 

Liquor  Sod^  Chloridi,  L.  sodae  chlorinates. 

Liquor  Sod^  Chlorina't^,  L.  socIcb  cMo'ridi, 
L.  sodee  oxymttriat'icm,  L.  chlore'ti  natri,  L.  chlo- 
rureti  natri,  L.  ehloreti  soda,  L.  chlorwe'ti  sodts, 
Natrum  cMora'tum  liq'uidum,  L.  natri  oxymuri- 
at'ici.  Aqua  natri  oxymuriat'ici,  Laharraque's 
Disinfecting  Liquid,  Solutiofi  of  Chloriiiated 
iSoda.  (Calcis  Ohlorinat.  R) j  ,•  Sodm  Carhonat. 
ftiij  ;  Aqua  cong.  iss.  Dissolve  the  carbonate  of 
soda  in  three  pints  of  the  water,  with  the  aid  of 
heat.  To  the  remainder  of  the  water  add,  by 
small  portions  at  a  time,  the  chlorinated  lime, 
previously  well  triturated,  stirring  the  mixture 
after  each  addition.  Set  the  mixture  by  for  se- 
veral hours,  that  the  dregs  may  subside ;  decant 
the  clear  liquid,  and  mix  it  with  the  solution  of 
carbonate  of  soda.  Lastly,  decant  the  clear  li- 
quor from  the  precipitated  carbonate  of  lime,  pass 
it  through  a  linen  cloth,  and  keep  it  in  bottles 
secluded  from  the  light ;  Ph.  U.  S.)  Used  in  the 
same  cases  as  the  chloride  of  lime.  Internally, 
10  drops  to  a  fluidrachm,  for  a  dose.  Diluted 
with  water,  it  is  an  excitant  and  disinfectant  in 
various  morhi  externi. 

Liquor  Sod^  Efpertescens,  Acidulous  wa- 
ter, simple  —  1.  Sodse  Oxymuriaticse,  L.  sodae 
shlorinatae — 1.  Stypticus  Ruspini,  Styptic,  Ruspi- 
ni's — 1.  Sulphuricus  Alcoolisatus,  Spiritus  setheris 
sulphuric!  —  1.  Swietenis,  L.  hydrargyri  oxymu- 
riatis  —  1.  Syphiliticus  Turneri,  L.  hydrargyri 
oxymuriatis — 1.  Tartari  emetici,  Vinum  antimonii 
tartarizati  —  1.  of  Van  Swieten,  L.  hydrargyri 
oxymuriatis. 

Liquor  Volat'ilis  Cornu  Cervi,  L.  volnt'ilis 
Cornu  Cervi'ni,  Vol'atile  Liquor  of  Hartxhorn, 
Spir'itus  Lumbrico'rum,  Spir'itus  Ifillepeda'rnm, 
Spir'itus  Cornu  Cervi,  Liquor  volat'ilis  os'sium  ; 
Hartshorn,  Spirit  of  Hartshorn,  Bone  Spirit,  (F.) 
Liqueur  volatile  de  Come  de  cerf.  This  is  a  so- 
lution of  subcarbonate  of  ammonia,  impregnated 
with  empyreumatic  oil.  It  possesses  the  same 
virtues  as  the  subcarbonate  of  ammonia.  It  is  in 
common  use  to  smell  at,  in  faintings,  &c. 

Liquor  Volatilis  Ossium,  L.  volatilis  cornu 
cervi. 

Liquor  Zinci  Sulpha 'tis  cum  Camph'ora, 
Aqua  Zinci  vitriola'ti  cum  Camphord,  Aqua  vi- 
triol'ica  camphora'ta,  Aqiia  opihthal' mica.  Com- 
mon Eye  Water.  {Zinci  sulph.  ^ss,  camphor, ^ij, 
aq.  hulUent.  Oij  ;  dissolve  and  filter.)  Used  as  a 
lotion  for  ulcers ;  or,  diluted  with  water,  as  a  col- 
ly rium. 

LIQUORICE,  Glycyrrhiza  —  1.  Bush,  Abrus 
precatorius  —  1.  Juice,  see  Glycyrrhiza  —  1.  Re- 
lined,  Extractum  glycyrrhizie  —  1.  Spanish,  see 
Glycyrrhiza— 1.  Wild,  Aralia  nudicaulis,  Galium 
circaizans. 

LIQUORITIA.  Glycyrrhiza. 

^IRIODEN'DRON,  Liriodendron  tulipif'cra, 
TxiUiiif'era  Lirioden'dron,  Old  wife's  shirt,  Tulip 
Tree,  Poplar  Tree,  Tulip-bearing  Poplar,  Aineri- 
jan  Poplar,  White  Wood,  Cypress  Tree,  (New 
England,)  (F.)  Tul'pier.     The  bark  —  Lirioden- 


dron (Ph.  U.  S.) — especially  of  the  root,  of  this 
noble  forest  tree,  which  is  indigenous  in  the 
United  States,  is  a  strong  aromatic  bitter,  and 
has  been  employed  advantageously  as  a  tonic. 
An  active  principle  was  separated  from  it  by  Pro- 
fessor J.  P.  Emmet  of  the  University  of  Virginia, 
and  has  been  called  Lirioden' drin.  It  is  not 
used  in  medicine. 

LIS  BLANC,  Lilium  candidum — I.  Asphodele, 
Asphodelus  ramosus. 

LISERON,  GRAND,  Convolvulus  senium  — 
I.  des  Haies,  Convolvulus  sepium — I.  Mechameeh, 
Convolvulus  panduratus. 

LISTON'S  ISINGLASS  PLASTER,  see  Spa- 
radrapum  adhtesivum. 

LITE,  Aixj?.  A  plaster,  formerly  made  of  ver- 
digris, wax,  and  resin. —  Galen. 

LITHAGO'GUM,  from  A<0o?,  'a  stone,'  and 
ayti),  '  I  expel.'  A  remedy  which  was  supposed 
to  possess  the  power  of  expelling  calculi.  Also, 
a  lithotomy  forceps. 

LITHANTHRAX,  Carbo  fossilis. 

LITHANTHROKOKALL  Anthrakokali. 

LITHARGE,  Plumbi  oxydum  semivitreum — 1. 
of  Gold,  see  Plumbi  oxydum  semivitreum — 1.  of 
Silver,  see  Plumbi  oxydum  semivitreum. 

LITHARGYRI  ACETUM,Liquorplumbi  sub- 
acetatis. 

LITHARGYRUM,  Plumbi  oxydum  semivi- 
treum. 

LITHARGYRUS,  Plumbi  oxydum  semivi- 
treum. 

LITHAS,  Urate. 

LITHATE,  Urate— 1.  of  Soda,  Urate  of  soda, 

LITHEC'TASY,  from  lidos,  'a  stone,'  and 
tfcrao-if,  'dilatation;'  Cystec'tasy.  An  operation 
which  consists  in  extracting  stone  from  the  blad- 
der by  dilating  the  neck  of  the  organ,  after  mak- 
ing an  incision  in  the  perineum,  and  opening  the 
membranous  portion  of  the  urethra. 

LITH'IA,  Lithi'asis,  Lithogen'ia,  Uri'asis, 
Urolithi'asis,  Cachex'ia  calculo'sa,  Cal'etdi  Mor- 
bus, Lapyilla'tio,  Genera' tio  cal'etdi,  from  ItOos,  '  a 
stone.'  The  formation  of  stone,  gravel,  or  con- 
cretions in  the  human  body.  Also,  an  affection 
in  which  the  eyelids  are  edged  with  small,  hard, 
and  stone-like  concretions. 

LiTu'iA,  Car'bonate  of,  Lith'icB  Car'bonas, 
(F.)  Carbonate  de  Lithine.  A  salt  found  in  cer- 
tain mineral  waters,  which  have  been  serviceable 
in  lithuria.  Hence,  it  has  been  suggested  in  that 
morbid  condition. 

LiTHiA  Renalis  Arexosa,  Gravel — 1.  Renalis, 
Nephrolithiasis  —  1.  Vesicalis,  Calculi,  vesical. 

LITHIA  CARBONAS,  Lithia,  carbonate  of. 

LITHIASIS,  Lithia  — 1.  Cystica,  Calculi,  ve- 
sical—  1.  Nephretica,  Gravel,  Nephrolithiasis. 

Lithi'asis  Pulmo'num,  Pulmo'nes  tartariza'ti. 
The  formation  of  concretions  in  the  lungs,  occa- 
sioning at  times  Phthisis  calculo'sa,  Phthisic  cal- 
culeuse,  of  Bayle. 

Lithiasis  Renalis  Arenosa,  Gravel  —  1.  Re- 
nalis, Nephrolithiasis  —  1.  Vesicalis,  Calculi,  ve- 
sical. 

LITHIC,  Lith'icus.  Same  etymon.  Belong- 
ing to  lithic  or  uric  acid,  or  to  stone :  hence 
Lithic  Diath'esis.     Also,  an  antilithie. 

Lithic  Acid,  Uric  acid  —  1.  Acid  diathesis,  Li. 
thuria — 1.  Diathesis,  Lithuria — 1.  Sediments,  seo 
Lithuria. 

LITHINE,  CARBONATE  DE,  Lithia,  car- 
bonate of. 

LITHIURTA.  Lithuria. 

LTTHOCENOSIS.  Lithotrity. 

LITnOCYSTOTOJIY,  Litliotomy. 

LITIIODIALYSrS,  Lithotrity. 

LITHODRAS'SIC,  Lithodras'sicus,  (F.)  Zitho. 


LITIEOGENIA 


521 


LITHOTOMY 


draaslque,  from  \iQog,  'a  stone,'  and_  ^pacro-Eiv,  'to 
seize  hold  of.'  An  epithet  given  to  a  form  of 
stone  forceps — Pince  lithodrassique — used  in  the 
operation  of  lithotrity,  by  MM.  Meirieu  and  Tan- 
chou. 

LITHOGENIA,  Lithia. 

LITHOID,  Litho'des,  LitTioV des  ,■  from  \iQog, 
'  stone,'  and  £i5of,  '  resemblance.'  Of  the  nature 
of  stone,  or  resembling  stone :  as 

LITHOIDES  OS,  see  Temporal  bone. 
!      LITEOLABE,  (F.)  Lithol'abum.     An  instru- 
iment,  employed  for  laying  hold  of  a  stone  in  the 
bladder,  and  keeping  it  fixed,  so  that  lithotritic 
instruments  can  act  upon  it. 

LITHOLABON,  Forceps,  (Lithotomy.) 
LITHOL'ABUM,  from  Xidug,  'a  stone,'  and 
Xajifiavui,  'I  seize.'  An  instrument  concerned  in 
extracting  stone  from  the  bladder.  It  had  va- 
rious shapes.  —  Fabricius  ab  Aquapendente,  Hil- 
danus.     See  Litholabe. 

LITHOME'TRA,  from  At0oy,  'a  stone,'  and 
fir^rpa,  'the  uterus.'  Osseous,  or  other  concre- 
tions of  the  uterus. 

LITHONLYTIC,  Lithontriptic. 
LITHONTHRYPTIO,  Lithontriptic. 
LITHONTRIP'TIC,  Lithontrip'ticus,  Lithon- 
tliryp'tic,  Litlionlyt' ic,  Calcidif'ragxis,  Saxif'ra- 
gus,  from  Xidog,  '  a  stone,'  and  Opuffru,  '  I  break 
in  pieces.'  A  remedy  believed  to  be  capable  of 
dissolving  calculi  in  the  urinary  passages.  There 
is  not  much  reliance  to  be  placed  upon  such  re- 
medies. By  antilithics,  exhibited  according  to 
the  chemical  character  of  the  calculus  (see  Cal- 
culi, urinary,)  the  disease  may  be  prevented  from 
increasing;  but  most  of  the  vaunted  lithontriptics 
for  dissolving  the  calculus  already  formed  have 
been  found  unworthy  of  the  high  encomiums 
which  have  accompanied  their  introduction. 

LITHOP^'DION,  Infans  lajn'de'us,  Osteopm'- 
dion,  from  Xi&o?,  '  a  stone,'  and  najj,  '  a  child.' 
A  foetus,  petrified  in  the  body  of  the  mother. 
LITHOPRINIE,  Lithotrity. 
LITHOPRIONE,  from  AtSoj,  'a  stone,'  and 
irpioji/,  'a  saw.'  An  instrument  proposed  by  M. 
Leroyfor  preventing  the  fragments  of  a  calculus, 
■when  subjected  to  lithotrity,  from  falling  into  the 
bladder.     It  is  a  variety  of  litholabe. 

LITHOEINEUR,  from  AtOoj,  'a  stone,'  and 
gtvuv,  'to  file.'  An  ins.trument,  proposed  by  MM. 
Meirieu  and  Tanchou  for  filing  down  calculi  in 
the  bladder. 

LITHOS,  Calculus. 

LITHOSPBR'MUM  OFFICINA'LE,  IRl'iwn 
Soli's,  JEgon'ychon,  Gromwell,  Bastard  Al'kanet, 
(F.)    Gremil   officinal,   Herhe   aux    Perles.      The 
seeds  of  this  plant  were  formerly  supposed,  from 
their  stony  hardness,  (XtSoj,  'a  stone,'  and  a-irepjjia, 
'  seed,')  to  be  efiicacious  in  calculous  affections. 
They  have,  also,  been  considered  diuretic. 
LiTHOSPERMUM  ViLLOSUM,  Anchusa  tinctoria. 
LITIIOTERE'THRUM,   from    XiOos,   'stone,' 
and  Tepuv,  'to  rub.'     A  lithotritor. 
LITHOTHRYPSIS,  Lithotrity. 
LITIIOTHRYPTORS,  see  Lithotrity. 
LITHOTOME,  Lithot'omus,  from  X(5oy,  'a 
stone,'  and  rf^i/iu,  '  I  cut.'     This  name  has  been 
given  to   a  number  of  instruments   of  different 
shapes  and  sizes,  which  are  used  in  the  opera- 
tion for  the  stone,  to  cut  the  neck  or  body  .of  the 
bladder.    They  ought,  with  more  propriety,  to  be 
called  Cj/stutonies. 

The  Lifhutotne  Cache  of  Frere  Come  is  the 
most  known,  and  is  still  occasionally  used.  It 
is  composed  of  a  handle,  and  a  flattened  sheath, 
slightly  curved :  in  this  there  is  a  cutting  blade, 
which  can  be  forced  out,  by  pressing  upon  a  has- 


cule  or  lever,  to  any  extent  that  may  be  wished 
by  the  operator. 

A  Double  Lithotome  was  used  by  Dupuytren- 
in  his  bilateral  operation.     See  Lithotomy. 

LITHOT'OMIST.  Same  etymon.  Lithot'o- 
mus. One  who  devotes  himself  entirely  to  ope- 
rating for  the  stone.  One  who  practises  litho- 
tomy. 

LITHOT'OMY,  Lithotoni'ia,  Cystotom'ia,  Uro- 
lithotom' ia,  Sectio  vesica'lis,  Lithocystot'omy,  same 
etymon.  (F.)  Taille.  The  operation  by  which  a 
stone  is  extracted  from  the  bladder.  The  dif- 
ferent methods,  according  to  which  this  opera- 
tion may  be  practised,  are  reducible  to  five  prin- 
cipal ;  each  of  which  has  experienced  numerous 
modifications. 

1.  The  Method  of  Celsus,  Meth'odns  Oelsia'nn, 
Cystotom'ia  cum  a2)para'tu  parvo,  Appara'tns  3Ii- 
nor,  Cutting  on  the  Gripe.  This  consisted  in  cut- 
ting upon  the  stone,  after  having  made  it  project 
at  the  perinseum  by  means  of  the  fingers  intro- 
duced into  the  rectum.  This  method  was  at- 
tended with  several  inconveniences ;  such  as  the 
difBculty  of  dividing  the  parts  neatly,  injury  done 
to  the  bladder,  as  well  as  the  impossibility  of 
drawing  down  the  stone  in  many  persons.  It  is 
sometimes,  also,  called  Meth'odns  Guytonia'na ; 
from  Guy  de  Chauliac  having  endeavoured  to 
remove  from  it  the  discredit  into  which  it  had 
fallen  in  his  time.  It  was  termed  Ajyj^a^'atus  3Ii- 
nor,  (F.)  Le  petit  appareil,  from  the  small  num- 
ber of  instruments  required  in  it. 

2.  Apparatus  Ilajor.  This  method  was  in- 
vented, in  1520,  by  John  de  Romani,  a  surgeon 
of  Cremona,  and  communicated  by  him  to  Mari- 
ano-Santo-di-Barletta,  whence  it  was  long  called 
Mariano's  Method,  Sec'tio  Maria'na.  It  was 
called,  also,  Appiaratus  Major,  and  Cystotom'ia  vel 
Meth'odus  cum  appara'tu  magna,  (F.)  Le  grand 
appareil,  from  the  number  of  instruments  re- 
quired in  it.  An  incision  was  made  on  the  me- 
dian line;  but  the  neck  of  the  bladder  was  not 
comprehended  in  it.  It  was  merely  dilated.  The 
greater  apparatus  was  liable  to  many  inconveni- 
ences, such  as  ecchymoses;  contusion;  inflam- 
mation of  the  neck  of  the  bladder;  abscesses; 
urinary  fistuliae  ;  incontinence  of  urine;  impo- 
tence, &c. 

3.  The  High  Operation,  Apparatus  altiis,  Cys- 
totom'ia cum  apparatu  alto,  C.  Hyjwgas'trica, 
Epicystotom'ia,  Laparocystotom'ia,  Sectio  seu 
Afeth'odus  Franconia'na,  S.  Hypogus'trica,  S. 
alia,  (F.)  Haut  appareil,  Taille  Hyjwgastrique, 
Taille  sus-pubienne,  was  first  practised  by  Peter 
Franco,  about  the  middle  of  the  16th  century. 
It  consisted  in  pushing  the  stone  above  the  pubis 
by  the  fingers  introduced  into  the  rectum.  Rons- 
set  afterwards  proposed  to  make  the  bladder  rise 
above  the  pubis  by  injecting  it.  The  method  had 
fallen  into  dis'credit,  when  Frere  Come  revived  it. 
It  is  used  when  the  calculus  is  very  large.  It 
was  practised  by  opening  first  the  membranous 
part  of  the  urethra  upon  the  catheter  passed  into 
the  canal.  Through  this  incision,  the  Sonde  't 
dard  —  a  species  of  catheter,  having  a  spear- 
pointed  stilet  —  was  introduced  into  the  bladder. 
An  incision  was  then  made  into  the  linea  alba, 
above  the  symphysis  pubis,  of  about  four  or  five 
fingers'  breadth,  and  the  peritoneum  detached 
to  avoid  wounding  it.  The  stilet  was  pushed 
through  the  bladder,  and  used  as  a  director  for 
the  knife,  with  which  the  bladder  was  divided 
anteriorly,  as  far  as  the  neck ;  and  the  stone  ex- 
tracted. It  was  performed  in  England  by  Deng- 
lass,  in  1719,  and  since  by  others,  with  varioHS 
modifications. 

4.  The  Lateral  Operation,  HyjMcystrotom'ictt 
Cystotom'ia  latera'lis,   Cysiuucheuotom'ia,   CyatO' 


LITHOTRESIS 


522 


LIVER 


facTielotom' id,  Uretkrocystaiiehenotom'  ia,  Ure- 
throcysteotrachelotom'ia,  Sec'tio  latera'lis,  A2)2)a- 
ra' tiis  latera'lis,  (F.)  Apj^nreil  lateraliae,  so 
.  named  from  the  prostate  gland  and  neck  of  the 
bladder  being  cut  laterally,  was  probably  in- 
vented by  Peter  Franco.  It  was  introduced  into 
France  by  Frere  Jacques  de  Beaulieu.  He  per- 
formed it  with  rude  instruments,  invented  by 
himself,  and  improved  by  the  suggestions  of  some 
oi  ''be  Parisian  surgeons.  In  England,  it  re- 
ceived its  earliest  and  most  important  improve- 
ments from  the  celebrated  Cheselden.  It  is  the 
method  pi-aetised  at  the  present  day,  according 
to  different  modes  of  procedure.  In  this  method, 
the  patient  is  placed  upon  a  table  ;  his  legs  and 
thighs  are  bent  and  separated ;  the  hands  being 
tied  to  the  feet.  The  perinceum  is  then  shaved, 
and  a  staff  is  introduced  into  the  bladder  ;  the 
handle  being  turned  towards  the  right  groin  of 
the  patient.  An  oblique  incision  is  now  made 
from  the  raphe  to  the  middle  of  a  line  drawn 
from  the  anus  to  the  tuberosity  of  the  ischium 
of  the  left  side ;  and  taking  the  staff  for  a  guide, 
the  integuments,  areolar  tissue  of  the  perinasum, 
membranous  portion  of  the  urethra,  transversus 
perinsei  muscle,  bulbo-cavernosus,  some  fibres  of 
the  levator  ani,  the  prostate  and  neck  of  the 
bladder,  are  successively  divided.  For  this  latter 
part  of  the  operation,  the  knife,  the  beaked  bis- 
toury, Bistouri  ou  Lithotome  Cache,  cutting  gor- 
get, &c.,  is  used,  according  to  the  particular  pre- 
ference. The  forceps  are  now  introduced  into 
the  bladder,  and  the  stone  extracted.  In  the 
operation,  care  must  be -taken  not  to  injure  the 
rectum,  or  the  great  arterial  vessels,  distributed 
to  the  perineum. 

A  variety  of  the  Lateral  Apparatus,  called  by 
the  French  Appareil  lateral,  consisted  in  cutting 
into  the  haa-fond  of  the  bladder,  without  touch- 
ing the  neck  of  that  organ  :  but  it  was  soon 
abandoned,  on  account  of  its  inconveniences. 

The  method  of  Le  Cat  and  of  Pajola — UretJiro- 
cysteo-aneHrysmatotom'ia  —  consists  in  dividing 
the  prostate  in  part  only,  —  the  enlargement  of 
the  wound  being  effected  by  a  peculiar  dilator. 

The  Bilateral  Operation  is  founded  on  that  of 
Celsus.  It  consists  in  making  an  incision  poste- 
rior to  the  bulb  of  the  urethra,  and  anterior  to 
the  anus,  involving  both  sides  of  the  perinajum 
by  crossing  the  raphe  at  right  angles:  an  incision 
is  then  made  through  the  membranous  part  of 
the  urethra,  and  the  prostate  may  be  cut  bilate- 
rally, either  with  the  double  lithotome  of  Dupuy- 
tren,  or  the  prostatic  bisector  of  Dr.  Stevens,  of 
New  York. 

5.  Lithotomy  hy  the  Rectum,  Proctoeystotom'ia, 
Sec'tio  recto-vesica'lis,  (P.)  Taille  par  la  Rectum, 
Taille  posterieure,  T.  Recto-vesicale.  This  was 
proposed  by  Vegetius  in  the  16th  century  ;  but  it 
was  never  noticed  until  M.  Sanson,  in  the  year 
1817,  attracted  attention  to  it ;  since  which  time 
it  has  been  successfully  performed  in  many  in- 
stances. It  consists  in  penetrating  the  bladder 
through  the  paries  corresponding  with  the  rec- 
tum, by  first  cutting  the  sphincter  ani  and  rectum 
about  the  root  of  the  penis,  and  penetrating  the 
bladder  by  the  neck  of  that  organ,  dividing  the 
prostate, — or  by  its  bas-fond. 

Lithotomy  in  women,  from  the  shortness  of  the 
urethra,  is  a  comparatively  insignificant  operation. 
Lithotomy  by  the  Rectusi,  see  Lithotomy — 1. 
by  the  Vagina,  see  Lithotomy. 
LITHOTRESIS,  Lithotrity. 
LITHOTRIPSIS,  Lithotrity. 
LITHOTRIPSY,  Lithotrity. 
LITHOTRIPTORS,  see  Lithotrity. 
LITHOrRITES.  see  Lithotrity. 
IITHOTRITEURS,  see  Lithotrity. 


LITHOTRITOR,  see  Lithotrity. 
LITHOT'RITY,  Lithotri'tia,  Litlotrypsy, 
Lithotripsy,  Lithothrip'sy,  Lithoth) yp'sis,  Litho- 
tre'sis,  Lithotrijisis,  Lifhoceiiu'sis,  Lifhodial'ysis, 
Lithoprinie,  from  >i-&us,  'a  stone,'  and  roipii),  'T 
break.'  The  operation  of  breaking  or  bruising 
the  stone  in  the  bladder.  It  has  been  performed, 
of  late  years,  with  success,  by  French,  and,  after 
them,  by  English  and  American  surgeons.  The 
instruments  employed  for  this  purpotie  are  called, 
in  the  abstract,  Lithotrites,  Lithotriteiirs,  Lithot'- 
ritors,  Lithotripitors,  and  Lithnfhryptors.  The 
most  celebrated  are  those  of  Civiale,  Jaeobson, 
Heurteloup  and  Weiss.  See  Brise-Pierre  artietde, 
and  Pereuteur  d  Marteau. 

LITIIOXIDU'RIA,  from  \l6os,  'a.  stone,'  ox- 
ide, and  ovpov,  '  urine.'  The  discharge  of  urine 
containing  lithic  or  xanthic  oxide. 

LITHU'RIA,    Lithiu'ria,    Lithonrorrhee    (Pi- 
orry;)  from  XiOos,  'a  stone,'  and  ovpov,  'urine.' 
Lithic   Diath'esis,   Lithic  Acid  Diathesis.      The 
condition  of  the  system  and  of  the  urine  in  which 
deposits  of  lithic  acid  and  the  lithates  —  Lithic 
sediments — take  place  from  the  urine.    See  Urine. 
LITHUS,  Calculus. 
LITMUS,  Lichen  roccella. 
LITRA,  Pound. 

LITRE,  Litra.  A  measure  containing  a  cubed 
decimetre,  which  is  equal  nearly  to  2.1135  pints. 
The  ancients  gave  the  name  litra,  "XiTpa,  to  a 
measure  capable  of  containing  16  ounces  of 
liquid. 

LITSiEA  CUBEBA,  Piper  cubeba  — 1.  Pipe- 
rita, Piper  cubeba. 
LITUS,  Liniment. 
LTVECHE,  Ligusticum  levisticum. 
LIVER,  Sax.  lipeji,  Hepar,  Jecur,  Jee"inu8, 
(P.)  Foie.  The  liver  is  the  largest  gland  in  the 
iDody.  It  is  an  azygous  organ  ;  unsymmetrical ; 
very  heavy;  and  of  a  brownish-red  colour;  oc- 
cupying the  whole  of  the  right  hypochondrium, 
and  a  part  of  the  epigastrium.  Above,  it  corre- 
sponds to  the  diaphragm  ;  heloic,  to  the  stomach, 
transverse  colon,  and  right  kidney;  behind,  to 
the  vertebral  column,  aorta,  and  vena  cava;  and 
before,  to  the  base  of  the  chest.  Its  upper  sur- 
face is  convex;  the  lower,  irregularly  convex 
and  concave,  so  that  anatomists  have  divided  the 
organ  into  three  lobes,  —  a  large  or  right  or  colic 
lobe;  —  a  lesser  lobe,  lobule,  or  inferior  lube,  the 
Lobnlus  Spigelii, — and  a  middle  or  left  lobe.  At 
its  inferior  surface,  are  observed  :  —  1.  A  Sidcna 
or  Furrow  or  Fissure,  called  horizontal  or  longi- 
tudinal, Great  fissure.  Fossa  Umhilica'lis,  (F.) 
Sillon  horizontal,  longitudinal,  &'.  de  la  veine  om- 
bilieale,  Sulcus  antero-posterior  Jec'oris,  S.  hori- 
zonta'lis  Jec'oris,  S.  longitiidina'lis  Jecoris,  S. 
sinis'ter  Jecoris,  S.  Umbilica'lis,  which  lodges,  in 
the  foetus,  the  umbilical  vein  and  ductus  venosus. 
2.  The  Princijiul  Fissure,  termed  Sulcus  Trans- 
versus vel  Sinus  Porta' rum.  Fissure  of  the  Vena 
porta.  Portal  Fissure,  (F.)  Sillon  transversal  ou 
de  la  veine  jwrte,  which  receives  the  sinus  of  the 
vena  porta.  3.  The  Fissure  of  the  Vena  Cava  in- 
fe'rior,  Sillon  de  la  veine  cave  inferieure,  situate 
at  the  posterior  margin  of  the  organ,  and  lodging 
the  vena  cava  inferior.  4.  The  Lobulus  Spige'lii, 
or  posterior  jtortal  eminence.  5.  The  anterior  por- 
tal eminence,  Auri'ga  vel  Lobulus  anon'i/miia.  6. 
Depressions  corresponding  to  the  upper  surface 
of  the  stomach,  gall-bladder,  arch  of  the  colon, 
right  kidney,  etc.  Continued  from  the  fossa  um- 
bilicalis  is  <a  small  fossa,  called  Fossa  Ductus  Ve- 
vo'si,  between  the  left  lobe  and  Lobulus  Spigeliu 
The  posterior  margin  of  the  liver  is  very  tliick  ; 
much  more  so  than  the  anterior.  The  liver  is 
suiTounded  by  a  serous  or  peritoneal  coveriug, 


LIVER 


523 


LOBELIA 


which  forms  for  it  a  suspensory  or  broad  ligament 
and  two  lateral  and  triangular  ligaments.  See 
Falx.  The  blood-vessels  of  the  liver  are  very- 
numerous.  The  hepatic  artery  and  vena  porta 
furnish  it  with  the  blood  necessary  for  its  nutri- 
tion and  the  secretion  of  bile.  The  hepatic  veins 
convey  away  the  blood,  which  has  served  those 
purposes.  The  lymphatic  vessels  are  very  nume- 
rous ;  some  being  superficial ;  others  deep-seated. 
The  nerves  are,  also,  numerous,  and  proceed  from 
the  pneumogastric,  diaphragmatic,  and  from  the 
hepatic  plexuses. 

The  intimate  structure  of  the  parenchyma  of 
the  liver  has  been  well  studied.  When  cut,  it  pre- 
sents a  porous  appearance,  owing  to  the  division 
of  a  multitude  of  small  vessels.  When  torn,  it 
seems  formed  of  granulations  ;  —  the  intimate 
structure  of  which  has  given  rise  to  many  hypo- 
theses. In  these  granulations  are  contained  the 
radicles  of  the  excretory  ducts  of  the  bile ;  the 
union  of  which  constitutes  the  hepatic  duct.  Ac- 
cording to  M.  Kiernan,  the  intimate  structure 
consists  of  a  number  of  lobules  composed  of  in- 
tralobular or  hepatic  veins,  which  convey  the 
blood  back  that  has  been  inservient  to  the  secre- 
tion of  bile.  The  interlobular  plexus  of  veins  is 
formed  by  branches  of  the  vena  porta,  which  con- 
tain both  the  blood  of  the  vena  porta  and  of  the 
hepatic  artery;  both  of  which,  according  to  Mr. 
Kiernan,  furnish  the  pabulum  of  the  biliary  se- 
cretion. The  biliary  ducts  form  likewise  an  inter- 
lobular plexus,  having  an  arrangement  similar  to 
that  of  the  interlobular  veins.  Mr.  Kiernan's 
views  are  embraced  by  many  anatomists ;  but 
are  denied  by  some. 

The  liver  is  the  only  orgjtn,  which,  indepen- 
dently of  the  red  blood  carried  to  it  by  the  hepa- 
tic artery,  receives  black  blood  by  the  vena  porta. 
The  general  opinion  is,  that  the  vena  porta  is  the 
fluid  which  furnishes  bile,  whilst  that  of  the  artery 
affords  blood  for  the  nutrition  of  the  liver.  It  is 
probable,  however,  that  bile  is  secreted  by  the 
latter  vessel. 

The  liver  is  liable  to  a  number  of  diseases. 
The  principal  are — -  Hepati'tis  ot  inflammation, 
cancer,  biliary  calculi,  encysted  and  other  tumours 
or  tubercles,  hydatids,  &c. ;  and  it  has,  at  times, 
been  the  fashion  to  refer  to  it  as  the  cause  of 
symptoms  with  which  it  is  in  no  wise  connected. 
Liver,  Hep>ar.  Under  this  name  the  ancients 
designated  several  substances,  having  a  brownish 
colour,  analogous  to  that  of  the  liver ;  and  com- 
posed of  sulphur  and  some  other  body.  See  Po- 
tassse  Sulphuretum,  Liver  of  Sulphur. 

Liver  of  Antimony  is  the  semi-vitreous  sul- 
phuret,  <tc. 

Liver  Disease,  Hepatopathia — L  Fatty,  Adi- 
posis hepatica — 1.  Gin,  L.  nutmeg — 1.  Gin-drink- 
ers', L.nutmeg-1. Granulated,  Cirrhosis  of  the  liver. 
Liver- Grown,    Tu'mido  jec'ore  prm'ditus. 
Having  a  large  liver. 

Liver,  Hobnail,  Cirrhosis  of  the  liver  —  1. 
Mammillated,  Cirrhosis  of  the  liver. 

Liter,  Nutmeg,  Tu'beriform  liver.  An  ap- 
pearance of  the  liver  when  cut  across,  resembling 
that  of  the  section  of  a  nutmeg;  supposed  by 
some  to  be  the  result  of  intemperance  in  the  use 
of  alcoholic  drinks;  but  occurring  under  other 
causes.  The  terms  whishy  liver,  gin-drinkers' 
liver,  and  gin  liver,  occasionally  applied  to  it, 
are,  consequently,  not  distinctive. 

Liver  Spot,  Chloasma — 1.  Tuberculated,  Cir- 
rhosis of  the  liver  —  1.  Tuberiform,  L.  nutmeg  — 
I.  Weed,  Hepatica  triloba — 1.  Whisky,  L.  nutmeg 
—  1.  Wort,  Hepatica  triloba,  Marchantia  poly- 
morpha  —  1.  Wort,  ground,  ash-coloured.  Lichen 
caninus — 1.  Wort,  Iceland,  Lichen  Islandicus  — 
L  Wort,  noble,  Hepatica  triloba. 


LIVIDUS  MUSCULUS,  Pectinalis. 
LIVOR,  Suggillation  —  1.  Sanguineus,  see  Ee- 
chymoma. 

LIVliE,  Pound. 

LIXIVIA  TARTARIZATA,  Potassse  tartras 
—  1.  Vitriolata,  Potassaa  sulphas  —  1.  Vitriolata 
sulphurea,  Potassas  sulphas  cum  sulphurc. 

LIXIVIA  sen  KALICUM  ACETAS,  Potassa 
acetas. 

LIXIV'IAL,  Lixivio' siw,  from  Uocivium,  'lee.' 
(F.)  Lixivial,  Lixivieux.  An  ancient  term  for 
salts  obtained  by  washing  vegetable  ashes, — such 
as  the  fixed  alkalies. 

L I X I V I  A'  T 1 0  N,  Elixivia'tion,  Lixivia' tio. 
Same  etymon.  An  operation  which  consists  in 
washing  wood-ashes  with  water,  so  as  to  dissolve 
the  soluble  parts.    The  filtered  liquor  is  the  lee. 

LIXIVIUM,  Lixiv'ia,  Con'ia,  Lee,  Ley,  Lye, 
(F.)  Lessive.  Any  solution  containing  potass 
or  soda  —  Sal  lixivio' sum  —  in  excess  ;  from  lix, 
'  potash.' 

Lixivium  Ammoniacale,  Liquor  ammonite  — 
1.  Ammoniacale  aromaticum,  Spiritus  ammonias 
aromaticus  —  1.  Causticum,  Liquor  po'tassas — 1. 
Magistrale,  Liquor  potassaj  —  1.  Saponarium,  Li- 
quor potassaj  —  1.  Tartari,  Liquor  potassaj  sub- 
carbon  at  is. 

LIZARD,  Lacer'ta,  Lacer'tus,  said  to  be  so 
called  in  consequence  of  its  limbs  resembling  tho 
arms  (lacerti)  of  man  (?).  Saura,  Sauros,  (F.) 
Lezard.  Lizards  were  formerly  employed  in  me- 
dicine as  sudorifics ;  and  were,  at  one  time,  ex- 
tolled in  syphilis,  cutaneous  affections,  and  in 
cancer. 

LIZARD'S  TAIL,  Saururus  cernuus. 
LOADSTONE,  Magnet. 
LOATHING,  Disgust. 

LOBARIA  ISLANDICA,  Lichen  Islandicna 
—  1.  Pulmonaria,  Lichen  pulmonarius  —  1.  Saxa- 
tilis,  Lichen  saxatilis. 

LOBE,  Lobus.  A  round,  projecting  part  of  an 
organ.  The  liver,  lungs,  and  brain,  for  example, 
have  lobes. 

Lobe  of  the  Ear,  Lob'ule  of  the  Ear,  is  a  soft, 
rounded  prominence,  which  terminates  the  cir- 
cumference of  the  pavilion  inferiorly,  and  which 
is  pierced  i*n  those  who  wear  rings. 

The  under  surface  of  the  brain  is  divided  into 
two  anterior,  two  lateral,  tivo  posterior,  and  two 
intermediate  lobes  ov pi-ocesses.  These  Cliaussier 
calls  lobules  of  the  brain :  the  cerebral  hemi- 
spheres he  terms  lobes. 

Lobe,  Biven'tral.  A  wedge-shaped  lobe  of 
the  cerebellum,  situate  behind  the  am3'gclala. 

LOBE  DOUDENAL,    Lobulus   Spigclii  —  ?. 
Pancreatique,  Lobulus  Spigclii — /.  Petit  du  foie, 
Lobulus  Spigelii — I.  de  Spigel,  Lobulus  Spigelii. 
LOBELIA,  BLUE,  L.  syphilitica. 
Lobe'lia  Cardina'lis,  Lobelia  coccin'ea,  Trn- 
che'lium  Ameri'canum,    Car'dinal  Plant,  Car'di- 
nal  Flower,  Scarlet  Lobelia.    This  species  is  also 
indigenous  in  the  United  States.     It  blooms  in 
autumn,  having  beautiful  carmine  flowers.     The 
root  is  a  reputed  anthelmintic  with  the  Indians. 
Lobelia  Coccinea,  L.  Cardinalis. 
Lobe'lia  Infla'ta,  Lndian  Tobac'co,  Wild  To- 
bac'co.   Puke    Weed,    Asthma    Weed,    Eyebright, 
Emet'ic  Weed,  Lobe'lia  (Ph.  U.  S.)     The  promi- 
nent virtues  of  this  American  plant  are  those  of 
an  emetic.     In  smaller  doses  it  is  sedafve,  and 
has  been  given  as  a  pectoral  in  croup,  asthma, 
&o.     It  is,  also,  sudorific  and  cathartic,  and  in 
an  acronarcotic  poison.    Twenty  grains  act  as  an 
emetic. 

Lobelia  Pinifo'lia.  A  South  African  plant, 
Nat.  Ord.  Campanulacea3,  the  root  of  which  is 
excitant  and  diaphoretic.    A  decoction  of  it  ia 


LOBES 


524 


LCEMOLOGT 


sometimes  nsed  in  the  Cape  Colony  as  a  domestic 
remedy  in  cutaneous  affections,  chronic  rlieuma- 
tism,  and  gout. 

Lobelia,  Scarlet,  L.  Cardinalis. 
Lobelia  Syphilit'ica,  Lobelia  rejlex'a,  Ba- 
nun'culas  Virginia' nus,  Rapun'tium  Syphilit'i- 
eam,  Blue  Lobelia,  Blue  Car'dinal  Flower.  The 
root  of  this  plant,  which  is  indigenous  in  the 
United  States,  is  an  emetic  and  drastic  cathartic. 
It  has  been  used  in  syphilis;  hence  its  name. 
The  mode  of  preparing  it  is  to  boil  §ss  of  the 
dried  root  in  Oxij  of  water,  until  the  fluid  is  re- 
duced to  Oviij.     Dose,  Oss. 

LOBES,  CEREBRAL,  see  Lobe. 
Lobes  of  the  Liver, -Pinna  seuio6iseuPin'- 
nulas  He'jiatis.     See  Lobule. 

Lobes,  Optic,  Quadrigemina  tubercula. 
LOBI  HEPATIS,  Lobes  of  the  liver  — L  Pul- 
monum,  see  Pulmo. 

LOB'ULAR,  Lobula'ris.  Same  etymon  as  Lo- 
bule. Relating  to  or  belonging  to  a  lobule  :  —  as 
l-obular  pnemiionia,  (F.)  Pneumonie  lobulaire,  P. 
inamefoiinee,  P.  disseminee.  Pneumonia  anatomi- 
cally characterized  by  nuclei  of  red  or  gi-ay  hepa- 
tization disseminated  in  variable  numbers  in  one 
or  both  lungs. 

Lobular  Biliary  Plexus.  The  plexus  formed 
of  lobular  hepatic  ducts,  which  are  derived  chiefly 
from  the  interlobular.  This  plexus  forms  the  prin- 
cipal part  of  the  substance  of  the  lobule. 

Lobular  Venous  Plexus.  The  plexus  inter- 
posed between  the  interlobular  portal  veins,  and 
the  intralobular  hepatic  vein. 

LOB'CLE,  Lob'nlus,  diminutive  of  io  J  us.  A 
little  lobe.  Mr.  Kiernan  uses  the  term  lobule  for 
an  acinus  of  the  liver  of  many  anatomists. 

Lobule  of  the  Corpus  Striatcat,  Insula  ce- 
rebri—  1.  of  the  Ear,  Lobe  of  the  Ear  —  1.  of  the 
Fissure  of  Sylvius,  Insula  cerebri  —  1.  Pneumo- 
gastric,  Flocculus. 

LOBULE  DU  FOIE,  Lobulus  Spigelii. 
LOBULUS    ACCESSORIUS    ANTERIOR 
QUAD  RAT  US,  L.  anonymus. 

Lob'ulus  seu  Lobus  Anon'ymus,  L.  accesso'- 
rius  ante'rior  quadra' tus,  L.  quadra'tus,  (F. ) 
Eminence  porte  anierieure.  This  is  situate  in  the 
liver  between  the  passage  for  the  round  ligament 
and  the  gall-bladder,  and  is  less  prominent,  but 
broader,  than  the  Lobulus  caudatus.  From  the 
lobulus  anonymus  a  bridge  runs  across  the  pas- 
sage for  the  round  ligament.  It  is  called  Pons 
vel  Isthmus  he'patis. 

Lobulus  seu  Lobus  Cauda'tus,  Proees'sus 
caudatus.  This  is  merely  the  root  or  one  of  the 
angles  of  the  lobulus  Spigelii,  advancing  towards 
the  middle  of  the  lower  side  of  the  great  lobe, 
and  representing  a  kind  of  tail.  Also,  the  termi- 
nation of  the  helix  and  anthelix  of  the  ear,  which 
is  separated  from  the  concha  by  an  extensive 
fissure. 

Lob'ulus  Centra'lis.  A  small  lobule  or  pro- 
minence of  the  superior  vermiform  process  of  the 
cerebellum,  situate  in  the  incisura  anterior. 

Lobulus  Nasi,  see  Nasus  —  1.  Pneumogastri- 
cus,  Flocculus — 1.  Posterior,  L.  Spigelii — 1.  Pos- 
iicus  papillatus,  L.  Spigelii  —  1.  Quadratus,  L. 
anonymus. 

Lobulus  seu  Lobus  Spige'lii,  L.  poste'rior,  L. 
p  isti'ctis  pjapilla'tus,  (F.)  Eminence  porte  pjoste- 
rievre,  Lobule  ou  Petit  lobe  dufoie,  Lobe  de  Spi- 
gel,  Lohe  duodenal,  L.  pancreatique,  is  situate 
i.eai  T!De  spine,  upon  the  left  side  of  the  great 
Ic'be  of  the  liver,  and  is  of  a  pyramidal  shape, 
projecting,  like  a  nipple,  between  thC  cardia  and 
Tcna  cava,  at  the  small  curvature  of  the  stomach. 
LOEilTS,  Lobe,  see  Lobulus. 
LOCAL,  Loca'lii,  Top'icus,  Mer'icus,  Partia'lia, 
Top'ical.  (F.)  Locale,  Topique.     An  affection  is 


called  local  —  Ilorbus  Loca'lis,  —  when  confined 
to  a  part,  without  implicating  the  general  system; 
or,  at  all  events,  only  secondarily.  Local  is  thus 
opposed  to  general.  A  local  or  topical  application 
is  one  used  externally.     See  Topical. 

LOCH,  Looch. 

LOCHADES,  sec  Sclerotic. 

LOCHI'A  or  LO'CHIA,  Purgamen'ta  Puerpe'- 
rii  seu  U'teri,  Purga'tio  pnierpe'rii,  Lyma,  from 
\o)(^o;,  'a,  woman  in  childbed,-'  (F.)  duties  de 
couches,  Vidunges.  The  cleansings.  A  serous 
and  sanguineous  discharge  following  delivery. 
During  the  first  two  or  three  days,  it  is  bloody  ; 
but  afterwards  becomes  green-coloured,  and  ex- 
hales a  disagreeable  and  peculiar  odour.  The 
duration,  quantity,  and  character  of  the  discharge 
vary  according  to  numerous  circumstances.  It 
flows  from  the  part  of  the  uterus  which  formed  a. 
medium  of  communication  between  the  mother 
and  foetus,  and  continues,  usually,  from  14  to  21 
days.     See  Parturition. 

LOCHIOCGELIITIS,  Puerperal  fever. 

LOCHIODOCHIUM,  Lochodoehium. 

LOCHIOPYRA,  Puerperal  fever. 

LOCHIORRHAG"IA,fromXoxEfa,  andp;7yi't'/<i, 
'I  make  an  irruption.'  An  immoderate  flow  of 
the  lochia.  Hemorrhage  from  the  uterus  in  the 
child-bed  state. 

LOCHIORRHGE'A,  from  \oxeia,  'the  lochia,' 
and  pciD,  'I  flow.'     Discharge  of  the  lochia. 

LOCHIORUM  RETENTIO,  Ischolochia. 

LOCHIOSCHESIS,  Ischolochia. 

LOCHOCH,  Looch, 

LOCHODOCHI'UM,  Lochiodocliinm,  from 
'Xoxos,  '  a  female  in  childbed,'  and  S£X°l"'h  '  ^  ^'6- 
ceive.'  An  institution  for  the  reception  of  preg- 
nant and  childbed  females.    A  Li/ing-iu-hospiital, 

LOCHOS,  Puerpera. 

LOCI,  Uterus  —  1.  Muliebres,  Uterus,  Vulva. 

LOCKED  JAW,  Trismus. 

LOCOMOTILITY,  see  Locomotion. 

LOCOMO'TION,  Locomo'tio,  from  locus,  'a 
place,  and  movere,  'to  move.'  An  action  peculiar 
to  animal  bodies,  by  which  they  transport  them- 
selves from  place  to  place.  It,  as  well  as  muscu- 
la'tion,  has  also  been  used  for  the  function  of  ani- 
mal movements.  The  faculty  is  sometimes  called 
Locomotiv' ity  and  LocomotiV ity . 

Locomotion'  op  an  Artery,  is  the  movement 
produced  in  a  vessel  with  a  curvature,  by  the  im- 
pulse of  the  blood  sent  from  the  heart,  which 
tends  to  straighten  the  artery,  and  causes  the 
movement  in  question. 

LOCOMOTIVITT,  see  Locomotion. 

LOCUS  NIGER,  see  Peduncles  of  the  Brain. 

Locus  Perfora'tus  Anti'cus.  A  triangular 
flat  surface  of  the  brain,  which  corresponds  to  the 
posterior  extremity  of  each  olfactory  process. 

Locus  Perforatus  Posticus,  Tarini  pons. 

LOCUST,  BLACK,  Robinia  Pseudo-acacia  — 
1.  Eaters,  Acridophagi — 1.  Plant,  Cassia  Marilan- 
dica — 1.  Tree,  Robinia  Pseudo-acacia — 1.  Yellow, 
Cladrastis  tinctoria. 

LODOICEA,  see  Coco  of  the  Mnldives. 

LOECHE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF,  Leuk, 
mineral  waters  of. 
LORME,  Plague. 
LffiMIA,  Plague. 
LCEMICUM,  see  Loemology. 
LCEMOCHOLOSIS,  Fever,  yellow. 
LCEMOGRAPIIY,  Loimography. 
LCEMOLOGIUM,  see  Loemology. 
L  (E  M  OL  '  0  G  Y,  Locmolog"ia,    from    Xoi/joj, 
'plague,'  and  \oyoi,   'a  description.'     The  doc- 
trine of  plague  and  pestilential  diseases.     A  trea- 
tise on  the  same,  —  Lcc'micum,  Loemolog"ium. 


LCEMOPHTHALMIA 


525 


LOOCH 


LCEMOPHTHALMIA,  see  Ophthalmia. 

LiEMOPYRA,  Plague. 

LCEMOS,  Plague. 

LOGADES,  Sclerotic. 

LOGADITIS,  Sclerotitis. 

JjOGrlATUOS,  Logiater ;  from 'Xoyog,  'aword,' 
and  larpos,  'a  physician.'  In  the  bad  sense,  a 
physician  without  experience ;  a  mere  theorist. 
In  the  good  sense,  a  rational  physician ;  one  who 
treats  disease  according  to  theoretical  or  scien- 
tific principles. 

LOGOS,  Reason. 

LOGWOOD,  HiBmatoxylon  Campeehianum. 

LOG"Y,  ^oyo;,  'a,  description.'  A  suffix  de- 
noting 'a  treatise  or  description.'  Hence,  An- 
liologij  and  'Nenroloffi/,  &c. 

LOHOCH,  Looch. 

LOIMOCHOLOSIS,  Fever,  yellow. 

L  0 1  M  0  G'RAP  H  Y,  Loiynograph'i'a,  Lcemog'- 
'aphy,  from  Xoifio;,  '  plague,'  and  ypadiio,  '  I  de- 
jcribe.'  A  description  of  the  plague  and  pesti- 
-Cfltial  diseases. 

LOIMOLOGY,  Loemology, 

LOIMOS,  Plague. 

LOINS,  Lumbi. 

LOLIAGEUM  RADICE  REPENTE, ,  Triti- 
cum  repens. 

LOLIUM  ANNUUM,  L.  temulentum. 

Lo'lium  Temulent'um,  L.  an'nuum,  Crepa'lia 
temiden'ta,  Bromxis  temulen'ttis,  Darnel  (F.)  Iler- 
be  d'Iv7-ogne.  A  species  of  the  genus  Lolium, 
(F.)  Ivraie ;  Fam.  Graminese  ;  Sex.  Syst.  Trian- 
dria  digynia,  which  has  decidedly  poisonous  pro- 
perties;  occasioning,  when  mixed  in  bread  or 
beer,  intoxication,  vertigo,  nausea,  and  vomiting. 

LOME  AIRE,  Lumbar. 

LOMBO-ABBOSIINAL,  Transversalis  abdo- 
minis—  I.  Costal,  Serratus  posticus  inferior  —  I. 
Gosto-trachelien,  Sacro-lumbalis — I.  Dorso-spinal, 
Transversalis  dorsi — I.  Borso-traehelien,  Longis- 
simus  dorsi  —  I.  Humeral,  Latissimus  dorsi  —  I. 
Sacre,  Lumbo-sacral. 

LOMBRIC,  Ascaris  lumbricoides. 

LOMBRIGOiDE,  Ascaris  lumbricoides. 

LONCHADES,  see  Sclerotic. 

LONCHADITIS,  Sclerotitis.      • 

LONCHITIS,  Polypodium  filix  mas. 

LONG,  Longiis,  Macros.  That  which  is  much 
greater  in  length  than  in  breadth ;  as  the  long 
hones.  The  epithet  is,  also,  applied  to  several 
muscles,  to  distinguish  them  from  others  of  simi- 
lar function,  when  the  latter  are  shorter.  We 
say,  for  instance,  long  flexors,  and  long  extensors, 
in  opposition  to  short  flexors,  and  short  extensors. 

LONG  DU  GOU,  Longus  colli  — Z.  du  Dos, 
LongissimuR  dorsi. 

LONGJEVUS,  Macrobiotic. 

LONGANON.  Rectum. 

LONGAON,  Rectum. 

LONGAS,  Rectum. 

LONGEVITY,  Longa'vitas,  Sfncrolio'sis, 
Ifarrohi'otes.  The  prolongation  of  existence  to 
an  advanced  age.  Haller  collected  examples  of 
more  than  one  thousand  centenarians.  He  had 
knowledge  of  sixty-two  persons  aged  from  110  to 
120  years  ;  of  twenty-nine,  from  120  to  130  years  ; 
nnd  of  fifteen,  who  had  attained  from  130  to  140 
}-ears.  Beyond  this  advanced  age,  examples  of 
longevity  are  much  more  rare  and  less  sufficiently 
.attested. 

The  following  list  of  instances  of  very  advanced 
ages  has  been  given : 

Lived.  Age. 
Apollonius  of  Tyana,  A.  D. . .       99 . .  130 

St.  Patrick 491.. 122 

Attila 600.  .124 

LlywarchHgn 500. .150    • 


Lived.  Age. 

St.  Coemgene 618.. 120 

Piastus,  King  of  Poland 861.  .120 

Thomas  Parr 1635..  152 

Henry  Jenkins 1670..  169 

Countess  of  Desmond 1612.  .145 

ThomasDamme 1648. .154 

PeterTorten 1724. .185      ' 

Margaret  Patten 1739..  137 

John  Rovin  and  wife 1741.  .172  and  161 

St.  Monagh  or  Kentigen 1781.  .185 

Longevity  also  means  length  or  duration  of  life 
(F.)  Duree  de  la  vie.  The  mean  age  at  death 
(F.)  Vie  moyenne,  of  different  classes  and  profes- 
sions enables  an  estimate  to  be  formed  of  the 
expectation  or  value  of  life  in  each. 

LONGIS'SIMUS  DORSI,  Semi-spina'tns,  (F.) 
Lombo-dorso-trachelien,  Portion  costo-frachelienne 
du  sacrospinal,  (Ch.,)  Long  dorsal,  Long  du  dos, 
is  situate  vertically  at  the  posterior  part  of  the 
trunk,  and  fills,  in  a  great  measure,  the  vertebral 
furrows.  It  is  thick  and  almost  square  below ; 
thin  and  pointed  above.  It  is  attached  to  the 
posterior  surface  of  the  sacrum,  to  the  transverse 
processes  of  all  the  lumbar  and  dorsal  vertebrse, 
and  to  the  inferior  margin  of  the  last  7  or  8  ribs. 
It  maintains  the  vertebral  column  in  a  straight 
position  ;  straightens  it  when  bent  forwards,  and 
can  even  carry  it  back.  It  also  assists  in  the  rota- 
tory motion  of  the  trunk. 

LoNGissiMUS  Femoris,  Sartorius  —  1.  Oculi, 
Obliquus  superior  oculi. 

.LONG-SIGHTEDNESS,  Presbytia. 

LONGUS  COLLI,  {¥.)Pre-dorso-cervical,Pre- 
dorso-atlo'idien,  (Ch.,)  Long  du  coil.  This  muscle 
is  situate  at  the  anterior  and  superior  part  of  the 
vertebral  column.  It  is  long,  flat,  and  broader 
at  its  middle  than  at  its  extremities,  which  are 
pointed.  It  is  attached  to  the  anterior  surface  of 
the  bodies  of  the  first  three  dorsal  and  last  six 
cervical  vertebra3  J  to  the  intervertebral  ligaments; 
to  the  anterior  edge  of  the  transverse  processes  of 
the  last  five  cervical  vertebrae  ;  and  to  the  tuber- 
cle on  the  anterior  arch  of  the  first.  This  muscle 
bends  the  cervical  vertebrae  upon  each  other  and 
upon  the  dorsal  vertebra.  If  the  upper  portion 
acts  on  one  side  only,  it  occasions  the  rotation  of 
the  atlas  on  the  vertebra  dentata;  and,  conse- 
quently, of  the  head  on  the  neck. 

LONICERA  GERMANICA,  L.  Perielymenum 
—  1.  Marilandiea,  Spigelia  Marilandica. 

Lonice'ra  Periclym'enum,  L.  German'ica, 
Periclym'enum,  P.  vidga're,  Gaprifo'lium,  G.  Peri- 
clym'enum seu  sylvat'icum  seu  distinct' um,Gommon 
Woodbine,  (F.)  Ghevrefeuille.  This  common 
plant  is  slightly  astringent  and  tonic,  and  was 
formerly  much  used  in  gargles. 

LOOCH,  Lohoch,  Loch,  Lochoch,  Look.  A  line- 
tus.     See  Eclegma  and  Eclectos. 

Looch  absque  Emulsio'ne  Para'tum,  Look 
prepare  satis  emulsion /  Looch  prepiared  without 
emulsion.  {Pnlv.  g.  trag.  gr.  xvj  —  gr.  xxx,  ol. 
amygd.  dule.  3ss.,  sacchar.  ^j,  aquce  5''J'  "9"<8 
flor.  aurant.  ^i}.  Mix  by  rulabing  in  a  marble 
mortar.)     Demulcent. 

Looch  Album,  Looch  amygdali'num,  Linctus 
alhus,  L.  amygdalinns,  L.  commu'nis,  Ecleg'ma 
album,  Eclegma  gummo' so-oleo' sum,  (F.)  Looch 
blanc,  L.  b.  amygdalin,  L.  b.  pectoral.  {Amygd. 
dulc.  gss,  amygd.  amar.  No.  ij,  sacchar.  alb.  ^iv. 
Make  an  emulsion  by  gradually  adding  ^iv  of 
water.  Then  take  puh:  tragacanth.  gr.  xvj,  ol. 
amygd.  dulc.  recent,  ^ss,  sacch.  ^ij.  Add  the 
almond  milk  gradually  to  this,  and  afterwards 
aq.  flor.  aurant.  gij,  Ph.  P.)  It  is  demulcent 
and  pectoral. 

Looch  Amygadlinuit,  L.  album — I.  BUnc,  L 


LOOCE 


526 


LTJCCA 


alLnm  —  1.  cum  Ci-ooo  et  pistaciis,  L.  viride  —  1. 
of  Egg,  L.  ex  Ovo. 

LoocH  EX  Ovo,  Potio  seu  emul'sio  seu  mistu'ra 
len'iens  seu  oleo'sa,  Looch  peciora'le  len'iens, 
Looch  of  Egg,  (F.)  Look  d'oeitf,  Looch  rouge, 
Emuhioih  hiiileuse.  Mixture  calmnnte.  Potion  pec- 
torale,  Lait  adoucissant.  {Vitell.  ovi.  recent.  §ss, 
ol.  amygd.  dxdc.  giss,  syrup.  althcBCB,  §j.  Rub  in 
a  mortar,  and  add  by  degrees,  aq.  jior.  aurant. 
^j,  aq.  pnpav.  rhcead.  ^ij.  Fh.  P.)  Virtues  the 
same  as  the  preceding. 

LOOCH  RO UGE,  L.  ex  Ova— I.  Vert,  L.  viride. 

Looch  Vir'ide,  Look  cum  croce  et  pista'ciis, 
(F.)  Looch  vert.  [Syrup.  Violar.  §j,  tinct.  croci 
gtt.  XX.  aqucB  5^^'  Mix,  and  a,A.di  piatacioB  semin. 
sice.  ^vj.  Ph.  P.)     Virtues  like  the  last. 

LOOK,  Looch  —  I.  d'CEuf,  Looch  ex  ovo  —  I. 
Prepare  sans  emulsion,  Looch  absque  emulsione 
paratum. 

LOOSE  STRIFE,  CREEPING,  Lysimachia 
nummularia — 1.  s.  Four-leaved,  Lysimachia  quad- 
rifolia. 

LOOSENESS,  Diarrhoea  — L  of  the  Teeth, 
Odontoseisis. 

LOPEZ  RADIX,  Radix  lojjezia'va.  Radix  In'- 
dica  lopezia'na.  The  root  of  an  unknown  Indian 
tree,  not  possessed  of  any  remarkable  smell  or 
taste,  or  of  any  appearance  of  resinous  matter. 
It  has  been  extolled,  notwithstanding,  in  cases  of 
colliquative  diarrhoea.  Gaubius  compares  its  ac- 
tion to  that  of  simarouba,  but  thinks  it  more 
eflBcaeious. 

LOPHADIA,  Lophia. 

LOPIIIA,  Lopha'dia.  The  first  vertebra  of 
the  back  —  Fer'fe6ca  dorsi  prima.  —  Gorrseus. 

LOPIMA,  Fagus  castanea. 

LOQUACITY,  Garru'litas;  from  loquor,  'I 
speak.  (P.)  BahiUement.  The  act  of  speaking 
with  volubility.  It  is  sometimes  a  symptom  of 
disease,  and  is  observable  in  hysteria,  &c. 

LOQUELA,  Voice,  articulated  —  1.  Abolita, 
Aphonia — 1.  Blffisa,  Balbuties — 1.  Impedita,  Ba- 
ryphonia. 

'  LORDO'SIS,  Lordo'ma,  from  \opSo;,  'curved,' 
'bent;'  Repanda'tio,Repan'dita8.  A  name  given 
to  curvatures  of  the  bones  in  general ;  and  par- 
ticularly to  that  of  the  vertebral  column  forwards; 
Spina  dorsi  intror' sum  flexa,  Emprosthocyrto'ma. 
This  gives  rise  to  the  projection  of  the  sternum 
called  chicken-breasted  or  jiigeon-hreasted. 
.  LORIND  MAT  RI' CIS,  Epilep'sia  uteri' no, 
Gonvulsi'vus  u'teri  morbus.  A  barbarous  name 
given  to  a  pretended  epilepsy  of  the  womb. 

LORIPES,  see  Kyllosis. 

LOT,  Urine. 

LOTIO,  Enema,  Lotion  —  1.  Saponacea,  see 
S-ipo. 

LO'TION,  Lo'tio,  Lotu'ra,  from  lavare,  lotnni, 
'to  wash.'  (F.)  Hydrolotif.  A  fluid  external 
application.  Lotions  are  ordinarily  applied  by 
wetting  linen  in  them  and  keeping  it  on  the  part 
affected. 

Ldtion,  Barlow's,  T^otion  of  Sniph'tcret  of 
potassium.  (R-  Potassii  sulphur,  '^n],  Sapon. 
giss,  Aq.  Calcis,  f^viiss,  alcohol,  dilvt.  f^lj.  M.) 
Used  in  various  chronic  cutaneous  diseases. 

Lotion,  Gowland's.  An  empirical  prepara- 
tion. (Bitter  almonds,  ^j,  sugar,  gij,  distilled 
iimter,  tbij.  Grind  together,  strain,  and  add  cor- 
rosive sublimate,  Qij,  previously  ground  with  sp. 
villi  rect.  ^ij.)     Used  in  obstinate  eruptions. 

r.oTioN,  (Granville's  Co  uNTER-lKRiTANT,(7ca7)- 
ville's  Lotion,  Grani>iUe's  antid'ynous  lotion.  Of 
this  lotion.  Dr.  Granville  gives  two  forms  —  a 
milder,  and  ?„  stronger.  The  milder  is  made  as 
iollows  :  Liq.  amnion,  fort,  f^j,  Sp.  Rosmarin. 
f^vj,  Tinct.  camphor,  f^ijj  M. 

The  stronger  is  made  as  follows :  Liq.  ammon. 


fort,  f^x,  Spir.  Rosmar.  f^ss,  Tinct.  camphor, 
f^ij,  M. 

The  stronger  lotion  vesicates  rapidly.  A  piece 
of  cotton  or  linen  folded  six  or  seven  times,  or  a 
piece  of  thick  flannel  may  be  imbued  with  them, 
and  laid  for  a  few  minutes  on  the  part  to  be  irri- 
tated. 

Lotion,  Hannay's,  Preven'tive  wash.  This 
famous  nostrum,  for  the  prevention  of  venereal 
infection,  was  nothing  more  than  a  solution  of 
caustic  potass. 

Lotion,  Hydrocyan'ic,  Lotio  Ac"idi  Hydro- 
cyan' id.  [Hydrocyanic  acid,  f  ^iv,  rectified  spirit 
of  toine,  f^j,  distilled  water,  f^xss.)  tjsed  with 
much  success  in  impetigo,  &c. 

Lotion,  Struve's,  for  Hooping-Codgh.  [An- 
tim.  et  Potass,  tart,  gj,  AqvcB,  ^ij.     Add  tinct. 
eantharid,  §j.) 
LOTIUM,  Urine. 
LOTURA,  Lotion. 

LOTUS  SYLVESTRIS,  Trifolium  melilotus— 
1.  Virginiana,  Diospyros  Virginiana. 
LOUCHEMENT,  Strabismus. 
L  0  VCHES,  see  Strabismus. 
LOUPE,  Wen. 
LOUSE,  Pediculus. 
LOUSINESS,  Phtheiriasis. 
LOUSY  DISEASE,  Phtheiriasis. 
LOUTRON,  Bath. 
LOVAGE,  Ligusticum  levisticum. 
LOVE,  Eros,  Amor,  from  Sax.  lujrian,  (G.) 
lieben,  'to  love.'     ['F.)  Amour.     A  tender  and 
elevated  feeling,  which  attracts  one  sex  to  the 
other.     Love  is  occasionally  a  cause  of  disease, 
especially  of  insanity. 

Love  Apple  Plant,  Solanum  lycopersicum — 
1.  Pea,,  Abrus  precatorius. 

LOW  SPIRITS,  Hypochondriasis. 
LOWER,  TUBERCLE  OF,  Tuher'culum  Loiv- 
eri.  Anatomists  have  given  this  name  to  a  small 
projection,  the  existence  of  which  is  by  no  means 
constant,  and  which  is  found  in  the  sinus  venosus, 
between  the  superior  and  inferior  cava. 

LOXAR'THRUS,    Loxar'thrum,    from    Ao|«j, 
'oblique,'  and  ag^pov,  'articulation.'  [^.)  Perver- 
sion de  la  tete  des  os  et  des  muscles.     A  vicious 
deviation  or  dii-ection  of  the  joints,  without  spasm 
or  luxation,  —  as  in  clubfoot. 
LOXIAS,  Torticollis." 
LOXOPHTHALMUS,  Strabismus. 
LOZANGIA,  Lozenge. 
LOZENGE,  Tabella. 

LOZENGES,  BARK,  Tabellse  cinchonas  — 1. 
of  Catechu  and  magnesia,  Tabellse  antimoniales 
Kunckelii  —  1.  Faustinus's,  Faustini  pastilli  —  1. 
for  the  Heart-burn,  Trochisci  carbonatis  calcis  — 
1.  Magnesias,  Tabellse  de  magnesia  —  1.  of  Marsh- 
mallows,  Tabellae  de  althaea — 1.  of  Oxalic  acid, 
Tabellse  acidi  oxalici  —  1.  Pectoral,  black,  Tro- 
chisci glycyrrhizje  glabrae — 1.  Pectoral,  of  eme- 
tine, Trochisci  emetinae  pectorales  —  1.  Rhubarb, 
Tabellas  de  rheo  —  1.  of  Scammony  and  senna, 
compound,  Tabellte  de  scammonio  et  senna  —  1. 
Spitta's,  see  Trochisci  glycyrrhizse  cum  opio  —  1. 
Steel,  Tabelliie  de  ferro — 1.  of  Steel,  aromatic,  see 
Tabeilfc  de  ferro — 1.  Sulphur,  simple,  Tabella?  de 
sulphure  siraplices  —  1.  Sulphur,  compound,  Tii- 
bella3  de  sulphure  compositas — 1.  of  Sulphuvex 
of  antimony,  Tabella;  antimoniales  Kunckelii  — 
1.  Wistar's,  Trochisci  glycyrrhizfe  cum  opio  —  1. 
Worm,  Ching's,  see  Worm  lozenges,  (Ching's.) 

LUBIDO,  Libido— 1.  Intestini,  Voluntas  dese- 
dendi. 

LUBRICANTIA,  Demulcents,  Emollicnis. 
LUBRICUM  CAPUT,  Penis. 
LUCCA,    MINERAL   WATERS  AND   CLI- 
MATE OF.      The  baths  and  waters,  near  this 
ancient  Italian  city,  have  been  long  celebrated. 


LUCID 


527 


LUMBRICALIS 


They  tre  thermal,  and  resemble,  in  properties, 
those  of  Plombieres  in  France,  and  of  Bath  in 
England.  They  contain  carbonic  acid,  sulphates 
of  alumina,  soda,  magnesia,  and  iron.  There  are 
ten  different  sources,  the  temperature  of  which 
varies  from  94°  to  130°  Fahr. 

Lucca  is  much  frequented  in  summer;  partly 
on  account  of  its  mineral  waters,  but  more  on 
account  of  the  coolness  of  the  situation. 

LUCID,  Lu'cidus.  In  medicine,  the  word  lucid 
is  particularly  applied  to  the  iniervals,  Interval'la 
lu'cida,  of  apparent  reason,  which  occur  in  men- 
tal alienation. 

LUCIF'UGUS,  from  hix,  lucis,  'light'  and 
fitgere,  'to  shun.'  Photoj^li'ohus,  Photojphob'iens. 
Dreading  or  avoiding  the  light. 

LUCINA.  Uithyia. 

LUCOMANIA,  Lycanthropia. 

LUCUMA,  (S.)  A  fruit  which  grows  in  the 
southern  provinces  of  the  coast  of  Peru,  and  the 
north  of  Chili.  It  is  round  ;  and  the  gray-brown 
husk  encloses  a  fibrous,  dry,  yellow-coloured  fruit 
with  its  kernel.  —  Tschudi. 

LUCUMORIA'NUS,  probably  from  lux,  'light,' 
and  morari,  '  to  tarry.'  Continuing  for  several 
days  :  hence,  Dormit"io  lucumoria'na.  A  morbid 
sleep  persisting  for  several  days. 

LUDUS  HELMON'TII,  L.  Paracel'si,  Fel 
terra.  A  calcareous  stone,  the  precise  nature  not 
known,  which  was  used  by  the  ancients  in  calcu- 
lous affections.  The  term  was  also  applied  to 
every  species  of  calculous  concretion  occurring 
in  the  animal  body. 

LuDus  Paracelsi,  L.  Helmontii. 

LUES,  Disease,  Plague,  Syphilis  —  1.  Divina, 
Epilepsy  —  1.  Dysenterica,  Dysentery — 1.  Gonor- 
rhoica,  Gonorrha?a  impura — 1.  Gutturis  epidemi- 
ca,  Cynanche  maligna — 1.  Indica,  Framboesia  — 
1.  Inguinaria,  Plague  —  1.  Polonica,  Plica  —  1. 
Sarmatica,  Plica  —  1.  Syphilis,  Syphilis  —  1.  Sy- 
philodes,  Syphilis  pseudo-syphilis  —  1.  Trichoma- 
tica.  Plica — 1.  Venerea,  Syphilis  —  1.  Scorbutica, 
see  Purpura. 

LUETTE,  Uvula  —  ?.  Vesiccdc,  see  Urinary 
bladder. 

LUGDUS,  Erysipelas. 

LUJULA.  Oxalis  acetosella. 

LULLABY  SPEECH,  Lallation. 

LUMBA'GO,  from  lumh!,  'the  loins.'  Arthro'- 
sia  lambo'runi,  Litiiibaf/o  rheitmat'ica,  Nephval'gia 
rhenmat '  ica,  jRachirrheu '  ma,  liach  iorrheii '  ma, 
lihcumatis'miis  dorsa'lis,  Osphyrrlicu' ma.  Itheu- 
matism  affecting  the  lumbar  region. 

Lumha'go  psoad'ica,  L.  apontemalo'na,  L.  nh 
arthroc'ace.  Pain  in  the  loins  from  abscess.  See 
Psoitis. 

Lumbago  a  Nistr,  see  Effort. 

LUMBAR,  Lwnha'ris  vel  Lumhn'lis,  (F.)  Lom- 
haire.  Belonging  or  having  reference  to  the 
loins. 

LtTMBAE  Abscess,  Psoas  abscess,  Aposte'ma 
psoat'icum,  Absces'stis  lumbo'rum,  Morbus  psoad'- 
u'Hs.  This  abscess  is  so  called  from  the  matter 
being  found  on  the  side  of  the  psoas  muscle,  or 
lietwixt  that  and  the  iliacus  internus.  Between 
these  muscles  is  a  quantity  of  loose,  areolar  sub- 
stance; and,  when  an  abscess  takes  place  there, 
it  can  find  no  outlet  except  by  a  distant  course. 
Generally,  it  descends  along  the  psoas  muscle, 
forming  a  swelling  immediately  beneath  Pou- 
part's  ligament;  at  tijnes,  however,  it  extends 
down  the  thigh  under  the  fascia.  Severe  hectic 
follows  the  bursting  of  the  abscess,  and  often 
death.  Its  causes  are,  —  scrofula,  injury  to  the 
loins,  &c. 

When,  from  the  pain  of  the  back  continuing 
for  some  time,  with  other  symptoms,  the  disease 
b  suspected,  caustics,  or  the  moxa,  applied  op- 


posite the  transverse  processes  of  the  lumbar  ver- 
tebra, may  be  recommended;  and,  when  the  ab- 
scess is  ready  for  opening,  it  may  be  emptied  by 
repeated  discharges  of  the  matter,  through  a 
small  opening,  made  with  a  lancet,  or  small, 
lancet-pointed  trocar.  The  medical  treatment 
consists  in  supporting  the  system,  under  the 
great  restorative  efforts  required  of  it. 

Lumbar  Arteries  are  four  or  five  in  number 
on  each  side.  They  arise  from  the  sides  of  the 
abdominal  aorta,  and  pass  behind  the  muscles 
situate  in  front  of  the  lumbar  portion  of  the  spine, 
to  gain  the  broad  muscles  of  the  abdomen.  They 
give  off,  1.  Spinal  branches.  2.  Anterior,  poste- 
rior, and  external  muscular  branches. 

Lumbar  Nerves  are  five  in  number,  and  issue 
from  the  vertebral  column  by  the  spinal  foramina 
of  the  loins.  The  first  lumbar  nerve  gives  off 
three  branches: — the  external  or  ilio-scrotal;  the 
middle  or  inguino-cutaneovs,  and  the  internal  nv 
infra-pubian.  Along  with  the  three  pairs  below 
it,  it  forms  the  lumbar  plexus. 

Lumbar  Plexus,  Portion  lombaire  du  p>lexus 
crural  (  Ch. ),  Plexus  Lombo-abdominal.  This 
plexus  is  formed  by  the  union  of  the  Rami  com- 
mvnican'tes  of  the  anterior  branches  of  the  first 
four  lumbar  nerves.  It  is  situate  behind  the  psoas 
muscle,  and  before  the  transversa  processes  of 
the  lumbar  vertebrae.  It  furnishes,  besides  the 
branches  which  proceed  from  the  first  pair,  seve- 
ral filaments,  that  are  distributed  to  the  psoas 
muscle,  to  the  iliacus,  the  integuments,  and  glands 
of  the  groin  ;  and  three  great  branches — the  cru- 
ral, obdurator,  and  lumbosacral. 

Lumbar  Region,  Lumbi. 

Lumbar  Veins  have  an  arrangement  analogous 
to  that  of  the  arteries  of  the  same  name.  They 
communicate  with  the  vertebral  sinuses,  azygous 
veins,  &c.,  and  pass  into  the  vena  cava  inferior. 

LUMBARIS  EXTERNUS,  Quadratus  lumbo- 
rum  —  1.  Internus,  Psoas  magnus. 

LUMBI,  The  loins,  the  Lumbar  region,  Ee'gio 
lumba'lis,  Lap'ara,  Psoa,  OspJiys,  Reins.  The 
posterior  regions  of  the  abdomen,  comprised  be- 
tween the  base  of  the  chest  and  the  pelvis.  The 
parts  which  enter  into  the  formation  of  the  lum- 
bar region  are, — the  skin  ;  a  considerable  quan- 
tity of  areolar  texture;  broad  and  strong  apo- 
neuroses;— the  Latissimus  Dorsi,  Obliqnus  exter- 
nus,  and  Obliquus  internus  abdominis,  Transver- 
salis  abdominis,  Quadratus  lumborvm,  and  the 
mass  common  to  the  Sacro-lumbalis,  Longissimus 
dorsi,  and  IluUifidus  spina.  These  muscles  sur- 
round the  lumbar  region  of  the  vertebral  column. 
The  vessels,  nerves,  &c.,  of  the  loins,  are  called 
lumbar. 

LUMBO-SACRAL.  Belonging  to  the  lumbar 
and  sacral  regions.  (F.)  Lombo-sacre.  Bichat 
calls  thus  a  very  large  nerve,  given  off  from  the 
anterior  branch  of  the  fifth  lumbar  pair,  which 
descends  into  the  pelvis  before  the  sacrum  to  join 
the  sciatic  plexus. 

LUMBPtlCA'LIS,  Vermicula'ris.  Resembling 
a,  lumbricus,  or  'earthworm.'  A  name  given  to 
small  muscles,  met  with  in  the  palm  of  the  hand 
and  sole  of  the  foot. 

LuMBRiCALES  Manus,  Fidicina'les,  Flexor  pri- 
mi  interno'dii  digito'rum  manHs  vel  per/ora'tui 
lumbrica'Us,  (  F. )  Annnli-tendino-phalangiens, 
Palmi-phalangiens.  Four  small,  fleshy,  thin, 
round,  long,  fusiform  fasciculi,  situate  in  the 
palm  of  the  hand,  and  distinguished  into  first, 
second,  third,  and  fourth,  counting  from  withou** 
to  within.  They  arise  from  the  tendons  of  the 
flexor  communis  digitorum,  and  are  inserted  at 
the  outer  and  posterior  side  of  the  superior  ex- 
tremity of  the  first  phalanges  of  the  last  four  fin  - 
gers.     These   muscles  bend  the  fingers  on   tb.« 


LUMBRICUS 


528 


LUXETJII 


metacarpus^  and  fix  the  tendons  of  the  flexor 
digitorum  communis. 

LuMBEiCALES  Pedis,  (F.)  Planti-tendino-pJia- 
lanyiens,  Planti-aous-phalangiens,  (Ch.)  They 
are  analogous  to  those  of  the  hand  in  form,  num- 
ber, and  arrangement.  They  increase  the  flexion 
of  the  toes,  and  draw  them  inwards. 

LUMBRICUS,  Ascaris  lumhricoides  —  1.  La- 
tus,  Bothriocephalus  latus,  Taenia  solium  —  1. 
Teres  hominis,  Ascaris  lumhricoides. 

LUMBUS  VEXERIS,  Achillea  millefolium. 
LUMEX,  Light,  Pupil  — 1.   Constans,  Phos- 
phorus.    ^ 

L  VMTERE,  Light. 

LUXA,   Argentum,  Moon  —  1.  Alhini,  Sciatic 
notch,  lesser  —  1.  Imperfecta,  Bismuth — 1.  Pota- 
bilis,  Argenti  nitras. 
LUNAR,  jLunatic. 

LUNA'RE    OS,   Os  semiluna're.     The  second 
hone  in  the  upper  row  of  the  carpus. 
LUNARIA,  Menses. 

Luna'ria  Redivi'va,  Leneo'inm,  Bulbonach, 
Satin,  Honesty.  Said,  by  Ray,  to  be  a  warm 
diuretic. 

LUXARIS,  Lunatic. 

LU'NATIC,  Lunat'iciis,  Luna'ris,  Lima'rius, 
Lunar,  from  luna,  'the  moon.'  Relating  to  the 
moon.  An  epithet  given  to  diseases  which  are 
Eupposed  to  appear  at  certain  phases  of  the  moon, 
or  to  those  who  are  aifected  by  them.  The  term 
lunatic  is  restricted  to  one  labouring  under  lu- 
nacy, or  mental  alienation; — 3Ioonstntck,  Sele- 
nohle'tus.  In  law,  a  lunatic  is  one  who  has  had 
an  understanding,  but  by  disease,  grief,  or  other 
accident,  has  lost  the  use  of  his  reason. 

LUXATICUS,  Epileptic,  Lunatic,  Somnam- 
bulist. 

LUISTATISMUS,  Somnambulism. 
L  UNE,  Moon. 
LUXELLA,  Hypopyon. 
L  UNES,  Menses. 

LUNETTES  ORDIXATRES,  Spectacles. 
LUNG,  Pulmo  —  1.  Black,  of  coal  miners,  An- 
ihracosis  —  1.  Cancer  of  the.  Phthisis,  cancerous 
—  1.  Fever,  Catarrh,  Pneumonia. 

LuxG,  Perforating  Abscess  of  the.  A  pu- 
rulent collection,  which  forms  exterior  to  the 
lung,  and  afterwards  perforates  its  tissue,  so  that 
it  is  evacuated  through  the  bronchial  tubes. 

LuxG  Proof,  Docimasia  pulmonum  —  1.  "Wort, 
Pulmonaria — 1.  Wort,  cow's,  Verbascum  nigrum 
— 1.  Wort,  tree.  Lichen  pulmonarius. 

LUNULA  UNGUIUM,  see  Nail  — 1.  Scapulae, 
Notch,  scapular. 

LUPIA,  Encystis,  Wen  —  1.  Junetura,  Spina 
ventosa.. 

LUPI'NUS.  Under  this  term  the  lohite  lupin, 
Liipi'nuB  al'bua  seu  sati'vvs,  is  meant,  in  some 
pharmacopoeias.  The  seeds,  which  were  much 
eaten  in  the  days  of  Pliny  and  of  Galen,  are  now 
neglected.  The  meal  is,  however,  occasionally 
used  as  an  anthelmintic,  and  as  a  cataplasm. 

LUPULI'NA,  Ln'pjulin,  Lupulin'ic  glands.  A 
substance  which  exists  in  the  humulus  hqjuhts  or 
hop.  It  is  in  the  form  of  small,  shining,  yellow- 
ish grains,  which  cover  the  base  of  the  scales  of 
the  hop ;  is  pulverulent,  and  of  an  aromatic 
'^dour.  When  analyzed,  it  is  found  to  contain 
resin,  volatile  oil  in  small  quantity,  and  a  bitter 
(irinciple.  It  is  aromatic  and  tonic,  and  —  ac- 
cording to  some — narcotic. 

LUPULINIC  GLANDS,  Lupulina. 
LUPULUS,  L.  humulus— 1.  Communis,  L.  hu- 
inuhis — 1.  Salictarius,  L.  humulus  —  1.  Scandens, 
L.  humulus. 

LUPUS,  'the  wolf.'  So  named  from  its  rapa- 
city. Ulcus  Tuherctilo'srim,  Cancer  lupus,  Noli 
»!»>  tangere,  Phymato' sis  lupus.     Tubercular  ex- 


crescences, with  ragged,  spreading  ulcerations, 
chiefly  about  the  alae  nasi,  where  they  destroy 
the  skin,  &c.,  for  some  depth.  Sometimes  they 
appear  in  the  cheek,  circularly,  or  in  the  shape 
of  a  sort  of  ringworm,  destroying  the  substance, 
and  leaving  a  deep  and  deformed  cicatrix.  The 
knife  or  caustic  should  be  used  to  separate  the 
sound  from  the  morbid  parts.  Asenic  has  been 
given  internally  with  advantage.  See,  also, 
Herpes  exedens,  and  Lycoides. 

Luprs  Cancrosus,  Cancer — l.Yaricosus,  Naavi 
— 1.  Vorax,  Herpes  exedens. 

LURCO,  Glutton. 

LURID,  Lu'ridus.  Pale,  yellow,  saUow;  — 
applied  to  the  compilexion. 

LUROR,  Paleness. 

LUSCIOSITAS,  Luscitas,  Myopia. 

LUSCIOSUS,  Borgne,  Myops. 

LUS'CITAS,  Luscios'itas,  Lmcit"ies.  Strabis- 
mus. The  term  has  also  been  given  to  all  those 
cases  of  obliquity  in  which  the  ej'e  is  fixed  in  an 
unnatural  position. — Beer. 

LUSCITIES.  Luscitas. 

LUSTRAMENTUM,  Cathartic, 

LUSCUS,  Borgne. 

L  UT,  Lute. 

LUTE,  Lutum,  ('mud,')  CcBmen'tnm.  (F.)  Lnt. 
A  composition  employed  either  for  closing  aper- 
tures in  a  pharmaceutical  instrument,  or  for 
covering  the  surface  of  retorts,  tubes,  &c.,  which 
have  to  support  a  great  degree  of  heat.  Lutes 
are  composed  differently,  according  to  the  object 
to  be  accomplished.  Commonly  they  are  made 
of  linseed  meal  and  starch.  The  fat  lute  is  formed 
of  clay  and  drying  oil.  Sometimes,  the  white  of 
egg  and  lime  are  used;  and  that  which  is  em- 
ploj'ed  for  covering  vessels,  intended  to  be 
strongly  heated,  is  made  of  clay,  sifted  sand,  and 
water. 

LUTEOLA,  Reseda  luteola. 

LUTEUS,  Yellow. 

LUTRON,  Aourpoi'.  A  bath.  Also,  an  oph- 
thalmic medicine." — Galen. 

LUX,  Light. 

LUXATIO,  Luxation — 1.  Imperfecta,  Sprain. 

LUXA'TION,  Ehixa'tion,  from  hixare,  'to  put 
out  of  place.'  Bisloca'tion,  OlistJie'wa,  Apoped'- 
asis,  Luxa'tio,  Lisloca'tio,  Ec'clisis,  Strem'mn, 
Luxatu'ra,  Ectop'ia,  Ecjito'sis,  Elap'sus,  Lygis'- 
mus,  Erno'tio,  Ec'stasis,  Exarthre'tna,  Exarthra'- 
nia,  Exarthre'ma  luxa'tio,  Exarthro'sis,  Exo'sis, 
Exothc'sis,  Paratop'ia,  Streblo'sis,  Deloca'tio, 
Exarticida'tio,  (F.)  Luxation,  Dislocation,  L)c- 
hoitement.  A  displacement  of  a  part  from  its 
proper  situation.  A  putting  out  of  joint.  A 
displacement  of  two  or  more  bones,  whose  arti- 
cular surfaces  have  lost,  wholly,  or  in  part,  their 
natural  connexion;  either  owing  to  external  vio- 
lence, (accidental  luxation,)  or  to  disease  of  some 
of  the  parts  about  the  joint  [spontaneous  luxation.) 
Luxation  is  complete  when  the  bones  have  entirely 
lost  their  natural  connexion ;  incomplete,  when 
they  partly  preserve  it;  and  compiound,  when  a 
wound  communicates  with  the  luxated  joint. 
The  general  indications  of  treatment,  are; — 1 
To  reduce  the  pirotruded  bone  to  its  original 
place.  2.  To  retain  it  in  situ.  3.  To  obviatt 
any  attendant  or  consequent  symptoms. 

To  reduce  requires  extension,  counter-exten- 
sion,  and  coaptation. 

LUXEUIL,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Saline 
waters,  at  the  town  of  Luxenil,  at  the  foot  of  the 
Vosges,  in  the  department  of  Haute  Saone.  Five 
springs  are  thermal,  and  two  cold.  They  seem 
to  contain  carbonic  acid,  cnrbonates  of  iron  and 
lime,  and  chloride  of  sodium  ;  and  are  employed 
as  aperient,  tonic,  and  stimulant. 


LTCANCHE 


529 


LYMPHANGIE  CT  ASIS 


LTCAIST'CHE,  Lycnn'cMs,  from  \\iko;,  'a  wolf,' 
and  ayxia,  'I  strangle.'  WoJf  quinsy,  Wolf  choak; 
— as  Cynanche  means  Dog  choak.  Also,  hydro- 
phobia.    See  Lycoides. 

LYCANCHIS,  Lycanche. 

LYCANTHROPE,  see  Lycanthropia. 

LYCANTHRO'PIA,  from  Au-co?,  '  a  wolf,'  and 
avSpanrog,  'a,  man  :'  Lyca'on,  Tnsa'nia  lupi'na,  Ly- 
enma'nia.  A  variety  of  melancholy,  in  which 
the  person  believes  himself  to  be  changed  into  a 
wolf,  and  imitates  the  voice  and  habits  of  that 
animal.  One  so  circumstanced  is  called  a  Ly'- 
cantkrope,  Lycanthro' pus. 

LYCANTHROPUS,  see  Lycanthropia. 

LYCAON,  Lvcanthropia. 

LYCHNIDIUM,  Biolychnium. 

LYCHNIS  OFFICINALIS,  Saponaria— 1.  Syl- 
vestris,  Saponaria. 

LYCHNIUM,  Biolychnium. 

LYCOi'DES,  Lyco'des,  from  Xuko?,  'a  wolf,' 
and  uhoq,  'form.'  Ltqio  sim'iUs.  An  epithet  for 
a  species  of  cynanche,  called,  also.  Lupus,  and 
Strniujula'tor,  and  absurdly  attributed  to  exces- 
sive retention  of  sperm  in  its  reservoirs  and  its 
passage  into  the  blood  (?). — Galen. 

L  YCOPE  BE  VIRGINIE,  Lycopus  Virgini- 
cus. 

LYCOPER'DOiSr,  from  \vko?.  'a  wolf,'  and 
TTcp.^o),  'I  break  wind;'  L.  Bovis'ta  seu  Arrhi'zon 
seu  Gloho'sum,  Crep'itus  Lvpi,  Fungus  Chirurgo'- 
rtiyn,  Puff-hall,  Bull  Fists,  ifol'lipuffs,  Bovis'ta, 
(F.)  Vesselonp.  The  puff-ball  dries  into  a  very 
fine,  light  brownish  dust,  which  is  sometimes  used 
as  a  mechanical  st}'ptic  to  arrest  hemorrhage. 

Lycoperdon  Arrhizon,  Lycoperdou  —  1.  Glo- 
bosum,  Lycoperdon  —  1.  Gulosorum,  L.  Tuber. 

Lycoper'don  Tuber,  L.  Guloso'rum,  Tuber 
Agriocas'tanum,  Trubs,  Tuber  ciba'ri/um  seu  Gu- 
h'fo'rum  seu  Nigrum,  Tu'hera  Terrcp,  Truffle, 
(pronounced  troojie,)  Tuckaho,  (F.)  Truffe.  A 
fleshy,  firm  body,  unknown  in  its  mode  of  repro- 
duction, which  is  found  under  ground,  especially 
In  different  parts  of  France,  Italy,  Ac,  and  is 
much  esteemed  as  an  aliment.  It  seems  to  be- 
long to  the  champignons,  and  has  a  particular 
perfume.  Aphrodisiac  virtues  have  been  ascribed 
to  it. 

LYCOPERSICUM  ESCULENTUM^  Solanum 
lycopersieum  —  1.  Pomum  araoris,  Solanum  lyco- 
persieum — 1.  Tuberosum,  Solanum  tuberosum. 

LYCOPO'DIUM,  from  Xlko?,  'a  wolf,'  and  rou?, 
'afoot.'  L.  Clava' turn  seu  Officina'le,  Lej^ido'tis 
cJaim'ta,  Cingtda'ria,  Muscus  clava'tus,  Cinb-moss, 
Wolf's-claw.  This  is  the  largest  of  the  European 
mosses.  The  dust,  which  fills  the  capsules  of  its 
spikes,  is  very  inflammable,  and  hence  has  been 
called  Vegetable  Sul^yhur ;  —  and,  also,  Fari'na 
seu  Pulvis  seu  Semen  seu  Sulpihur  Lycopo'dii. 
It  is  used  in  France  to  roll  pills  and  boluses  in ; 
and  in  medicine  is  a  desiccative,  in  the  excoria- 
tions to  which  infants  are  liable.  It  is  collected 
chiefly  in  Switzerland  and  Germany  for  com- 
merce. 

LTCOPo'Dimr  CoMPLANA'Tmr,  Common  Club- 
moss,  Ground  Pine;  indigenous;  has  the  same 
properties  as  Lycopodium  selago. 

Lycopo'dium  Officinale,  L.  clavatum  —  1. 
Recurvum,  L.  Selago. 

Lycopodium  Sela'go,  L.  Recur'vum,  Planan'- 
tJiiis  fastiga'tus  seu  sela'go,  3fuseiis  erec'tus  seu 
Cathar'ticus,  Sela'go,  Upright  Club-moss,  Fir 
CInb-moss,  Upright  Fir-moss.  A  decoction  of 
this  plant  acts  violently  as  an  emetic  and  purga- 
tive:  and  was  formerly,  on  this  account,  used  as 
an  abortive.     It  is  also  employed  to  kill  vermin. 

LY'COPUS,  L.  Virgin'icus,  Buglezceed,  Water 
34 


Bugle,  Wafer  Horehound,  Gypsy  Weed,  Pavfy 
Bet'ony,  (F.)  Lycope  de  Virginie.  This  indige- 
nous herb.  Sex.  Syst.  Diandria  Monogynia,  Nat. 
Ord.  Labiate,  grows  throughout  the  greater  part 
of  the  United  States.  The  whole  herb  is  said  to 
be  slightly  narcotic.  It  is  given  in  infusion, 
[Lycop.  ^i  ;  aq.  fervent.  Oj.) 

Lycopus  Sinua'tus,  Water  Horehound,  Gypsy 
Weed,  Paul's  Bet' any,  indigenous,  has  similar 
properties. 

Lycopus  Virginicus,  Lycopus. 

LYCOREXIS,  Fames  lupina. 

LYCOSA  TARENTULA,  see  Tarantula. 

LYCOSTOMA,  Hyperoochasma, 

LYE,  Lixivium,  Ley — 1.  Dyspeptic,  see  Fuli- 
gokali — 1.  Medical,  see  Fuligokali. 

LYGISMUS,  Luxation. 

LYGMODES,  Singultous. 

LYGMUS,  Singultus. 

LYGODES,  Singultous. 

LYING-IN  STATE,  Parturient  state. 

LYMA,  Lochia. 

LYMPH,  Lympha,  from  wjx(pr},  '  water,'  by 
changing  v  into  X.  White  blood,  Lympha  Nu- 
trit"ia.  A  name  given  to  the  fluid  contained  i© 
the  lymphatic  vessels  and  thoracic  duct  of  ani- 
mals, which  have  been  made  to  fast  for  24  hours. 
According  to  Chevreul,  the  lymph  of  the  dog 
contains  water,  fibrin,  albumen,  common  salt, 
subcarbonate  of  soda,  phosphates  of  lime  and 
magnesia,  and  carbonate  of  lime.  The  properties 
and  composition  of  lymph  vary  somewhat  ac- 
cording to  the  part  whence  the  lymphatic  vessels 
obtain  it.  Generally,  it  is  under  the  form  of  a 
transparent,  slightly  alkaline  fluid,  sometimes  of 
a  madder-red  or  yellowish  colour, — of  a  spermatic 
odour,  and  saline  taste;  soluble  in  water,  —  the 
solution  becoming  turbid,  when  mixed  with  alco- 
hol. When  left  to  itself,  it  coagulates.  The  clot 
or  solid  portion  becomes  of  a  scarlet  red,  if  put 
in  contact  with  oxj'gen ;  and  of  a  purple  red,  if 
placed  in  carbonic  acid. 

Like  the  blood,  the  lymph  consists  of  a  fluid  in 
which  lymph  corpuscles  or  globtdcs  are  suspended. 

The  lymph  is  probably  the  product  of  internal 
absorption  in  different  parts  of  the  body  :  it  then 
flows  along  the  lymphatic  vessels,  uniting  with 
the  chyle,  and  is  poured  with  it  into  the  veins ; 
thus  becoming  one  of  the  materials  of  the  blood. 
According  to  others,  the  blood,  when  it  reaches 
the  arterial  radicles,  is  divided  into  two  portions,. 
— the  one  red,  which  is  carried  to  the  heart, — 
the  other  serous  or  white,  which  is  absorbed  by 
the  lymphatic  vessels,  and  constitutes  the  lymph. 
By  others,  again,  the  lymphatics  are  considered 
to  be  the  vessels  of  return  for  the  white  blood 
sent  to  certain  tissues.  White  blood,  however, 
has  probably  no  existence. 

The  word  lymph  is  sometimes  used  erroneously 
by  the  surgeon  to  signify  liquor  sanguinis. 

Lymph,  Coagulable,  Fibrin,  Liquor  sanguinis 
—  1.  Corpuscles,  see  Lymph  —  1.  Globules,  see 
Lymph — 1.  Hearts,  Lymphatic  hearts — 1.  Plastic, 
Liquor  sanguinis. 

LYMPHA,  Lymph — 1.  Arborum,  see  Sap — 1. 
Muculenta  narium,  Nasal  mucus — 1.  Nutritia, 
Lymph — 1.  Pancreatis,  see  Pancreas — 1.  Pericar- 
dii, see  Pericardium—l.  Plastiea,  Fibrin. 

LYMPHADENI'TIS:  from  lympha,  'lymph, 
and  adeni'tis,  'inflammation  of  a  gland.'  /»• 
ffamma'tio  glandida' rum  lymphatioa'rum,  Adeni'- 
tis lymphat'ica,  (F.)  Adenite  lymphatiqne.  In- 
flammation  of  a  lymphatic  gland  or  ganglion. 

LYMPH^DUCTUS,  Lymphatic  vessels. 

LYMPHANGEITIS,  Angeioleucitis. 

LYMPHANGIA,  Lymphatic  vessels. 

LYMPHANG  I E  C'TAS  I S,     Lymp>heury9'ma  / 


LYMPHANGITIS 


530 


LYTHRUM 


from  lymph,  ayyuov,  'a  vessel,'  and  EKraatg,  'dila- 
tation.'    Dilatation  of  lymphatic  vessels. 

LYMPHANGITIS,  Angeioleueitis. 

LYMPHANGIOG'RAPHY,  Lymphangiogra- 
ph'ia;  from  lymph,  ayyuov,  'a  vessel,'  and  ypa(i(i;7, 
'  a  description.'     A  description  of  the  lymphatic 

LYMPHANGIOITIS,  Angeioleueitis. 

LYMPHANGIOL'OGY,  from  Lymphangion, 
'a  lymphatic,'  and  Xoyof,  'a  description.'  A 
treatise  on  the  lymphatics. 

LYMPHANGIOT'OMY,  Lymphangiotom'la ; 
from  lyraph,  ayyuov,  'a  vessel,'  and  to^iii,  'inci- 
sion.' The  anatomy  or  dissection  of  the  lym- 
phatic vessels. 

V  LYMPHANGON'CUS,  Lymphon'cus;  from 
lymph,  ayyuov,  'a  vessel,'  and  oyKos,  'a  tumour.' 
Tumefaction  of  the  lymphatics. 

LYMPHAT'IC,  Lymphat'icua.  That  which 
relates  to  lymph. 

Lymphatic  Hearts.  Lymph  Hearts.  The 
frog  and  several  other  animals  are  provided  with 
large  receptacles  for  the  lymph  immediately  un- 
derneath the  skin,  which  exhibit  distinct  and 
regular  pulsations  like  the  sanguiferous  heart. 
Their  use  appears  to  be — to  propel  the  lymph. 

Lymphatic  System  is  that  particular  system 
of  organs  which  is  inservient  to  the  formation  and 
circulation  of  lymph.     These  organs  are  : 

1.  Lymphatic  Ganglions  or  Glands,  see 
Conglobate. 

2.  Lymphatic  Vessels,  LympheEduc' tus,  Lym- 
phangi'a,  Lymphange'a,  Venm  (ympkat'iccB,  Ductus 
eero'si,  Vasa  lymphatiea,  V.  reeorben'tia,  Vaaa  hy- 
drayo'ga,  Hydrangi'a.  These  are  very  numerous. 
Arising  at  the  surface  of  membranes  and  in  the 
tissue  of  the  organs,  they  carry  into  the  veins  the 
lymph  from  those  parts.  Lymphatic  vessels  are 
found  in  every  part  of  the  body.  AVherever  they 
are  met  with,  however,  they  form  two  orders, — 
one  superficial,  the  other  deep-seated ; — the  two 
orders  frequently  communicating  with  each  other. 
Lymphatic  vessels  are  generally  smaller  than 
arteries  and  veins.  They  are  very  thin,  diapha- 
nous, and  cylindrical;  but  present,  here  and 
there,  more  or  less  considerable  dilatations, 
caused  by  valves  in  their  interior.  They  are 
ftlightly  tortuous  in  their  course;  their  anasto- 
moses are  very  numerous,  and  they  often  cross 
each  other,  forming  successive  plexuses.  Of  the 
arrangement  of  the  extreme  radicles  we  are  igno- 
rant. All  the  branches,  before  joining  the  prin- 
cipal trunks,  pass  through  lymphatic  ganglions, 
in  which  they  are  convoluted,  or  subdivide  almost 
ad  infinitum.  They  are  formed  of  an  outer  cel- 
lular membrane  and  an  internal  coat,  similar  to 
that  of  the  veins ;  of  the  latter,  the  valves  are 
formed.  All  the  lymphatics  of  the  body  ulti- 
mately discharge  themselves  into  the  subclavian 
and  internal  jugular  veins.  Two  of  these  trunks 
are  considerably  larger  than  the  others,  —  the 
thoracic  duct,  and  the  great  trunk  of  the  right 
side,  (F.)  La  grande  veine  lymphatiqne  droite. 
The  former  receives  the  lymphatics  of  the  abdo- 
men, of  the  lower  extremities,  the  left  side  of  the 
thorax,  the  left  upper  extremity,  and  the  corre- 
sponding side  of  the  head  and  neck;  the  latter 
receives  those  of  the  right  upper  extremity,  and 
of  the  right  side  of  the  head,  neck  and  thorax. 

LYMPHATITIS,  Angeioleueitis. 

L  YMPHE  DE  GO  TUG  NO,  Cotunuius,  liquor 
of. 

LYMPIIEURYSMA.  Lymphangiectasis. 

J;YMPniTIS,  Angeioleueitis. 

LYMPHIZA'TION.  A  term  used  by  Profes- 
tior  Gross  to  signify  effusion  of  coagulable  lyraph. 
It  is  not  a  happy  word,  inasmuch  as  lymph  has 


another  meaning,  whilst  the  term  'coagnlablo 
lymph'  is  now  almost  abandoned. 

LYMPHOCHE'ZIA,  from  lympha,  'lymph,' 
and  x>?^w,  '  I  go  to  stool.'     Serous  diarrhoea. 

LYMPHONCUS,  Lymphangoncus  —  1.  Iridis, 
Iridauxesis. 

LYMPHOPYRA,  Fever,  adjeno-meningeal. 

LYMPHO'SIS.  The  preparation  or  elabora- 
tion of  lymph. 

LYMPHOT'OMY,  from  lympha,  'lymph,'  and 
TCfivu),  '  I  cut.'     Dissection  of  the  lymphatics. 

LYNCH'S  EMBROCA'TION.  An  emollient 
nostrum,  formed  of  olive  oil  impregnated  with 
bergamot  and  other  essences,  and  coloured  with 
alkaiiet  root. 

LYNGODES,  Singultous  — 1.  Febris,  Fever, 
singultous. 

LYNGYODES,  Singultous. 

LYNN  WAHOO,  Ulmus  alata. 

LYNX,  Siugultus. 

LYPE,  Athymia. 

LYPEMANIA,  Melancholy. 

LYPE'RIA  CRO'CEA.  A  South  African 
plant,  Nnt.  Ord.  Scrophulariacese,  the  flowers  of 
which  closely  resemble  saffron  in  smell  and  tasto, 
and  possess  similar  medical  virtues. 

LYPEROPHRENIi:,  Melancholy. 

LYPOMA,  Lipoma. 

LYPOTHYM'IA,  from  \vt:v,  'sadness,'  and 
^viios,  'heart,  courage.'  Very  great  sadness  or 
despondency. 

LYRA,  'Xvpa,  'the  lyre.'  Psalter,  Psalte'rium, 
Corpus  PsalloVdes,  Lyra  Da'vidis,  Lam'ina  me- 
dulla'ris  triangula'ris  cer'ebri,  Spa'tium  tri'go- 
num.  The  under  surface  of  the  posterior  part  of 
the  body  of  the  fornix  is  impressed  with  nume- 
rous transverse  and  oblique  lines,  which  have 
been  so  called  from  some  resemblance  they  bear 
to  the  ancient  lyre. 

LYRINGIUM,  Eryngium  campestre. 

LYSIA,  Lysis. 

LYSIMA'CHIA  NUMMULA'RIA,  L.  nem'o- 
rum,  Niimmula'ria,  Hirundina'ria,  Centimor'hia, 
Creeping  Looxe  Strife,  Money  Wort,  (F.)  Herhe 
aitx  ecus.  This  plant  was  formerly  accounted 
vulnerary.  It  has  been  considered  to  possess 
antiscorbutic  and  astringent  qualities,  and  has 
been  used  in  leucorrhoea. 

Lysimachia  Purpurea,  Lythrum  salicaria, 

Lysima'chia  Q,v A'D'D.\TQ'i.i\,Four-Leaved  Loose 
Strife,  Crosswort,  an  indigenous  plant,  is  astrin- 
gent ;  and  has  been  used  as  a  stomachic  and  an- 
tiperiodic. 

LYSIS,  Lysia,  from  Xuu,  'I  dissolve.'  Solu- 
tion. A  common  suffix ;  also,  a  name  g'iven  to 
solutions  or  terminations  of  disease,  which  are 
operated  insensibl}';  that  is,  gradually  and  with- 
out critical  symptoms. 

LYSSA,  Hydrophobia  —  1.  Canina,  Hydropho- 
bia. 

LYSSAS,  Maniodes. 

LYSSETER,  Maniodes. 

LYSSODEC'TUS,  from  Xu<r<ra,  'canine  mad- 
ness,' and  &aKV(i),  'I  bite.'  Hydroph'obus  ;  Cani 
rab'ido  morsus.  One  who  has  been  bitten  by  a 
mad  dog,  or  is  actually  labouring  under  hydro- 
phobia. 

LYSSODEG'MA,  Lyssodeg'mus,  Lyssodexis, 
same  etvnion.     The  bite  of  a  mad  dog. 

LYSSODKXIS,  Lyssodegma. 

LYTE'RIOS,  \vTiiptos,  (from  Aum,  'I  dissolve,') 
'solving.'  An  epithet  given  to  those  signs  which 
announce  the  solution  of  a  very  violent  disease. 

LYTHRUM  SALICA'RIA,  Lysima'chia  pur- 
pu'rea,  S(dica'ria  viilga'ris  seu  spica'taj  —  the 
Common  or  Purple  Willow  Ucrb.    'The  herb,  root, 


LYTTA 


531 


MACROTES 


and  flowers  possess  a  consideraMe  degree  of  as- 
tringency,  and  are  used,  occasionally,  in  the  cure 
of  diarrhoea  and  dysentery,  leucorrhoea,  hsemop- 
tysis,  &c. 

LYTTA  VESICATORIA,  Cantharis. 

Ltttta  Ru'fipes.  A  variety  of  Lytta,  peculiar 
10  Chili,  which  is  more  active  as  a  vesicant  than 
the  cantharis,  or  the  lytta  next  described. 


Lytta  Vitta'ta,  Oan'fharis  vt'ttata,  Pota'to 
Fly,  (F.)  Cantharide  tachetee.  Four  species  of 
meloe  that  blister  are  found  in  the  United  States. 
The  lytta  vittata  feeds  principally  upon  the  po- 
tato plant,  and,  at  the  proper  season  of  the  year, 
may  be  collected  in  immense  numbers.  The  po- 
tato fly  resembles  the  cantharides  in  every  pro- 
perty, and  is  fully  equal  to  them. 


M. 


M.  This  letter  signifies,  in  prescriptions,  7na- 
nipulus,  'a  handful.'  Also,  misce,  'mix.'  See 
Abbreviation. 

MACAPATLI,  Smilax  sarsaparilla. 

MACARO'NL  An  alimentary  paste,  moulded 
of  a  cylindrical  shape,  and  formed  of  rice  or 
wheaten  flour.  It  is  eaten  —  when  boiled  —  in 
soup  —  prepared  with  cheese,  &c. 

Also,  a  name  formerly  given  to  a  pulverulent 
compound  of  sugar  and  glass  of  antimony,  car- 
ried into  France  by  the  Italian  monks,  and  em- 
ployed at  the  hospital  La  Charite  in  the  treat- 
ment of  painters'  colic. 

MACE,  see  Myristica  moschata  —  m.  Reed, 
Typha  latifolia. 

MACEDONISIUM,  Smyrnium  olusatrum. 

MACER,  Gracilis. 

MACERA'TION,  Maeera'do,  from  macero,  '1 
soften  by  water.'  An  operation  which  consists 
in  infusing,  usually  without  heat,  a  solid  sub- 
stance in  a  liquid,  so  as  to  extract  its  virtues. 

MACERONA,  Smyrnium  olusatrum. 

MACES,  see  Myristica  moschata. 

MACBSCERE,  Emaciate.     ■ 

MACH^RA.  Culter,  Knife,  Penis. 

MACH^RIDION,  Maeharion. 

MACH^'RION,  Machm'ris,  MnchcBrid'ion, 
Glad'iolus.  A  knife.  An  amputating  knife.  Rufus 
of  Ephesus  asserts,  that  the  Aruspices  gave  this 
name  to  a  part  of  the  liver  of  animals. 

MACHiBRIS,  Knife,  Novacula. 

MACHA'ON,  from  jia^xata,  *I  desire  to  fight.' 
The  son  of  ^seulapius,  and  a  celebrated  phy- 
sician. 

MACHAO'NIA  seu  MACHAON'ICA  ARS. 
Medicine.  The  Healing  Art: — so  called  after 
Maehaon,  the  son  of  ^sculapius. 

MACHI'NAL,  Mechan'icus.  This  epithet  is 
added  especially  by  French  writers  to  the  word 
movement,  to  express  that  the  will  takes  no  part 
in  it. 

MACHINE',  Mcxch'ina,  Machinamen'tum, 
Me'cliane,  Mechane'ma.  A  more  or  less  com- 
pound instrument,  used  in  physics  and  chymis- 
try  to  put  a  body  in  motion,  or  to  produce  any 
action  whatever.  Physiologists  sometimes  use  it 
for  the  animal  body ; — as  the  machine  or  animal 
machine. 

MACHLOSYNE,  Nymphomania, 

MACHOIRE,  Maxillary  bone  —  m.  Diacrani- 
enne,  Maxillary  bone,  lower  —  m.  Syncranienne, 
Maxillary  bone,  superior. 

MACIES,  Atrophy,  Emaciation — m.  Infantum, 
Tabes  mesenterica. 

MACILENTUS,  Gracilis. 

MACIS,  see  Myristica  moschata. 

MACRAU'CHEN,  from  fiospof,  'long,'  and 
avxrjv,  '  the  neck.'  Longo  collo  jorce'ditus.  One 
who  has  a  long  neck.  —  Galen. 

31  AG  RE  FLOTTANTE,  Trapa  natans. 

MACRITUDO,  Emaciation. 


MACROBIOSIS,  Longevity. 

MACROBIOTES,  Longevity. 

MACROBIOT'IC,  Macrobiot'icus,  Ifacrobi'o- 
tus,  Macro'bius,  Longce'vus,  from  /lOKp);,  ' great,' 
'  long,'  and  ^los,  '  life.'  That  which  lives  a  long 
time.  The  macrobiotic  art  is  the  art  of  living  a 
long  time. 

MACROBIOTUS,  Macriobiotic. 

MACROBIUS,  Macrobiotic. 

MACRO CEPH'ALUS,  from  iiaKpo^,  'grent,' 
'  long,'  and  Ke<()a\t;,  '  head.'  Qui  mngnum  hahet 
cajjut.  '  One  who  has  a  large  head.'  This  epi- 
thet is  given  to  children  born  with  heads  so  lar!;o 
that  they  seem  to  be  hydrocephalic;  but  in  which 
the  unusual  development  is  owing  to  a  large  size 
of  the  brain.  Such  are  supposed  to  be  more  than 
ordinarily  liable  to  convulsions.  (?)  The  term 
has  also  been  applied  by  Hippocrates  to  certain 
Asia.tics  who  had  long  heads.     See  Capitones. 

MACROCO'LIA,  from  itaicpos,  'great,'  and 
Ku)'Xov,  'a  limb.'  Great  length  of  limbs  in  general, 
and  of  the  lower  limbs  in  particular. 

MACRODAC'TYLUS,  from  ftaKoog,  'great,' 
and  SuKTv'Xos,  'a  finger.'     Having  long  fingers. 

MACROGASTER  PLATYPUS,  Acarus  folli- 
culorum. 

MACROGLOSSA,  see  Macroglossus. 

MACROGLOS'SUS,  from  ^LUKpo;,  'large,' and 
yXditraa,  '  tongue.'  One  who  has  a  very  large  or 
prolapsed  tongue.     See  Paraglossa. 

MACR0N0SIJ5,  Chronic  diseases. 

MACROPHAL'LUS,  from  naKpos,  'large,'  and 
(paWo;,  'the  male  organ.'  A  large  size  of  tho 
male  organ. 

MACROPHO'NUS,  from  itaKpos,  'great,'  and 
(PiDirj,  'voice.'     One  who  has  a  strong  voice. 

•MACRO PHYSOCEPH'ALUS,  from  [laKpos, 
'long,'  6vaa,  'air,'  and  Kt<pa\ri,  'head.'  A  word 
used  by  Ambrose  Pare  to  designate  an  augmen- 
tation of  the  head  of  the  foetus,  produced  by  a 
sort  of  emphysema  [?],  which  retards  delivery. 

MACROPIPER,  Piper  longum. 

MACROPNCE'A,  from  iiaKpog,  'long,'  and  -zvcu, 
'  I  breathe.'    A  long  and  deep  respiration. 

MACROP'NUS,  Macrop'noos.  One  who 
breathes  slowly  :  —  a  word  met  with  in  some  au- 
thors. —  Hippocrates. 

MACROP'ODUS,  Mac'ropu8,  from  fiaKp<n. 
'great,'  and  -ovg,  'foot.'  One  who  has  a  larce 
foot. 

MACROR,  Emaciation. 

MACROR'RHIS,  from  itaKpo^,  'great,'  and  pn 
or  piv,  'nose.'     One  who  has  a  long  nose. 

MACROS,  Long. 

MACROS'CELES,  Crura  longn  hahens ;  from 
fioKpog,  'long,'  and  aKcXog,  'the  leg.'  One  who 
has  long  legs. 

MACROSI^,  Chronic  diseases. 

MACRO'TES,  from  /laKpog,  'great,'  and  »»t. 
'an  ear.'     One  who  has  long  ears. 


MACROTRYS 


532 


MAGNESIA 


MACROTIIYS  EACEMOSA,  see  Actsea  race- 
mosa. 

MACULA.  A  spot.  DyscTiroe'a,  Celia,  Labes, 
(F.)  Tache.  A  permanent  discoloration  of  some 
portion  of  the  skin,  often  with  a  change  of  its 
texture.  JEphelia,  Nmvus,  Spilus,  &c.,  belong  to 
Maculae. 

Macula,  Molecule  —  m.  Corneae,  Caligo  —  m. 
Cornese  arcuata,  Gerotoxon  —  m.  Corneae  marga- 
ritacea,  Paralampsis — m.  Cribrosa,  see  Auditory 
canal,  internal  —  m.  Fusca,  Ephelides  —  m.  Ger- 
minativa,  see  Molecule  —  m.  Hepatica,  Chloasma 
materna,  Nnevus  —  m.  Lenticularis,  Ephelides  — 
in.  Lutea  retinae,  see  Foramen  centrale — m.  Ma- 
tricalis,  Ntfivus — m.  Matricis,  Najvus — m.  Solaris, 
Ephelides. 

MACULE  ANTE  OCULOS  VOLITANTES, 
Metamorphopsia. 

MACULOSUS,  Sable. 
MAD,  Insane. 
MADAR,  Mudar. 

MADARO'SIS,  from  fxaSos,  'bald.'  Madaro'- 
ma,  Made'sis,  Iladar'otes,  Made'ma,  Mad'isis, 
Depluma'tio,  MilphcB,  Ililpho'sis,  Ptilo'sis,  Cal- 
vi'ties.  Loss  of  the  hair,  particularly  of  the  eye- 
lashes. 

MADAROTES,  Madarosis. 
MADDER,  DYERS',  Rubia. 
MADEIRA,  CLIMATE  OF.  This  island  is 
much  frequented  by  pulmonary  invalids,  on  ac- 
count of  the  mildness  and  equability  of  its  cli- 
mate. Owing,  indeed,  to  the  mildness  of  the 
winter,  and  the  coolness  of  the  summer,  together 
with  the  remarkable  equality  of  the  temperature 
during  day  and  night,  as  well  as  throughout  the 
year,  it  has  been  considered  that  the  climate  of 
Madeira  is  the  finest  in  the  northern  hemisphere. 
Sir  James  Clark  is  of  opinion  that  there  is  no 
place  on  the  continent  of  Europe,  with  which  he 
is  acquainted,  where  the  pulmonary  invalid  could 
reside  with  so  much  advantage,  during  the  whole 
year,  as  in  Madeira. 

MADELEON,  Bdellium. 
MADEMA,  Madarosis. 
MADESIS,  Depilation,  Madarosis. 
MADISIS,  Depilation,  Madarosis. 
MADISTE'RIUM,    Iladiste'rion,    Trichola'- 
ly'iuni,  Tnchol'abis,  Volsel'la.     Tweezers.     An  in- 
strument for  extracting  hairs. 

MADNESS,  CANINE,  Hydrophobia  —  m. 
Raving  or  furious,  Mania. 

MADOR,  Moisture.     A  cold  sweat. 
MADREPORA  OCULATA,  see  Coral. 
MADWEED,  Scutellaria  lateriflora. 
MAEA,  Midwife. 
MAEEIA,  Obstetrics. 
MAEIA,  Obstetrics. 
MAEUTRIA,  Midwife. 

MAGDA'LIA,  Magda'leon,  Nagdalis.    Crumb 
<if  bread.     Any  medicine,  as  a  pill,  formed  of 
crumb  of  bread.     A  roll  of  plaster. 
MAGEIRICE,  Culinary  art. 
MAGGOT  PIMPLE,  see  Acne. 
MAGIS,  jiayii,  'a  cake.'    A  sort  of  cake,  com- 
jiosed  of  cloves,  garlic  and  cheese,  beaten  toge- 
ther. —  Hippocrates. 

MAGISTERIUM,  Magistery  — m.  Bismuthi, 
Bismuth,  subnitrate  of — m.  Jalapae,  Resin  of 
Jalap  —  m.  Marcasitae,  Bismuth,  subnitrate  of — 
III.  Plumm,  Plumbi  subcarbonas  —  m.  Sulphuris, 
Sulphur  lotum  —  m.  Tartari  purgans,  Potassae 
jicctas. 

MAG"ISTERY,  Magiste'rium,  from  magiater, 
'  It  master.'  Certain  precipitates  from  saline  so- 
lutions  were  formerly  so  called;  as  well  as  other 
medicines,  the  preparation  of  which  was  kept 
iie-cret. 


Magisteby  of  Bismuth,  Bismuth,  subnitrate 
of. 

MAG"ISTRAL,  ITagistra'lis.  Same  etymon. 
Extempora' neous.  Medicines  are  so  called  which 
are  prepared  extemporaneously;  officinal  medi- 
cines being  such  as  have  been  prepared  for  some 
time  before  they  are  prescribed. 
MAGISTRANTIA,  Imperatoria. 
MAGMA,  nayna,  (F.)  Marc.  The  thick  resi- 
duum, obtained  after  expressing  certain  sub- 
stances to  extract  the  fluid  parts  from  them.  The 
grounds  which  remain  after  treating  a  substance 
with  water,  alcohol,  or  any  other  menstruum. 
Also,  a  salve  of  a  certain  consistence. 

Magma  or  Maec  of  Olives  is  the  residuum 
after  the  greatest  possible  quantity  of  oil  has  been 
extracted  from  olives  by  making  them  ferment. 
It  was  formerly  employed  as  a  stimulant,  under 
the  form  of  a  hath — to  which  the  name  Bain  de 
Marc  was  given  by  the  French. 

Magma  or  Marc  of  Grapes,  Bry'tia,  was 
once  employed  for  the  same  purposes. 

MAG3IA  RETIOULE,  'reticulated  magma.' 
The  gelatiniform   substance  found  between  the 
chorion  and  amnion  in  the  early  period  of  em'- 
bryonic  existence. 
MAGNES,  Magnet. 

Magnes  Arsekica'lis.  {Sulphur,  white  arse- 
nic, and  common  antimony,  of  each  equal  parts. 
Mix  by  fusion.)  It  is  corrosive.  See  Magnetic 
plaster. 

Magnes  Epilepsia,  Hydrargyri  sulphuretum 
rubrum. 

MAGNE'SIA,  Aharnalias,  Chamhar,  Terra 
ama'ra,  Magnesia  terra,  Talc  earth;  from  mag- 
nes, 'the  magnet;'  because  it  was  supposed  to 
have  the  power  of  attracting  substances  from  the 
air.     Its  metallic  base  is  magne'sium. 

Magnesia,  M.  nsta,  M.  calcina'ta,  Cal'cined 
Magnesia,  Oxide  of  magne'sium,  (F.)  Magnesie 
brulee,  Magnesie,  M.  Caustique.  This  is  obtained 
by  exposing  carbonate  of  magnesia  to  a  strong 
heat.  It  is  inodorous ;  taste  very  slightly  bitter; 
in  the  form  of  a  white,  light,  spongy,  soft  pow- 
der. S.  g.  2.3;  requiring  2000  times  its  weight 
of  water  for  its  solution.  It  is  antacid,  and  lax- 
ative when  it  meets  with  acid  in  the  stomach. 
Dose,  gr.  x  to  ^j  in  water  or  milk. 

Magnesia  Aerata,  Magnesise  carbonas  —  m. 
Alba,  M.  carbonas  —  m.  Calcinata,  M.  usta  —  m. 
Citrate  of,  Magnesiae  citras  —  m.  Edinburgensis, 
M.  carbonas. 

Magnesia,  Effertescing,  Moxon's.  {Mag- 
nes. carb. ;  M.  sulphat. ;  Sodm  bicarbon..  Acid 
tartaric,  aa  partes  aequales;  to  be  pulverized, 
well  dried,  mixed,  and  enclosed  in  bottles  herme- 
tically sealed.)  Dose,  a  teaspoonful  in  half  a 
tumbler  of  water,  drunk  in  a  state  of  effervescence. 
Magnesia,  Fluid.  Under  this  name  a  prepa- 
ration is  designated,  which  consists  of  a  solution 
of  carbonate  of  magnesia  in  carbonated  water. 
It  is  also  termed  carbonated  magnesia  water,  o?- 
rated  magnesia  water,  and  condensed  solution  of 
magnesia,  (F.)  Eau  magnesienne. 

Magnesia,  Henry's,  Magnesiae  carbonas — m, 
Mitis,  Magnesiae  carbonas — m.  Muriate  of,  Mag 
nesii  chloridum  —  m.  Nigra,  Manganese,  black 
oxide  of. 

Magnesia  Opali'na.  A  name  given  by  L6- 
m§ry  to  a  mixture  of  equal  parts  of  antimoni/, 
nitrate  of  potass,  and  chloride  of  sodivjn,  (decre- 
pitated.) It  has  emetic  properties,  but  is  not 
used. 

Magnesia  Salis  Amari,  Magnesiae  carbonas 
— m.  Salis  El)sdamensiB,  Magnesite  carbonas — m. 
Saturni,  Antimonium — m.  Solution  of,  condensed, 
M.  fluid  —  m.  Subcarbonate  of,  Magnesia;  carbo- 


MAGNESIAN 


533 


MAGNETISM 


Has  —  m.  Subcarbonate  of,  Hydrated,  Magnesiae 
earbonas  —  m.  Terra,  Magnesia  —  m.  Vitriolata, 
Magnesise  sulphas — m.  and  Soda,  sulphate  of,  see 
Soda,  sulphate  of — m.  Usta,  Magnesia. 

MagnesIjE  Car'bonas,  M.  Sabcar'honas,  Mag- 
nesia, (Dublin,)  M.  aera'ta,  M.  carbon' ica,  31. 
alba,  Siibcar' honate  of  Magnesia,  Hy'drated  Sub- 
ear'bonate  of  Magnesia,  Henry's  llagnesia,  M. 
Snhcarbon' ica,  M.  Mitis,  M.  Edinburgen'sis,  M. 
So-lis  Ebsdamen'sis,  M.  Salis  ama'ri,  Car'bonas 
magne'sicum,  Lao  terra,  Hi/pocar'bonas  magne'- 
si(B,  T.  aniara  aera'ta,  T.  ubsor'bens  minera'lis, 
T.  Talco'sa  oxyanthraco' des,  (F.)  Sous-carbonate 
ou  carbonate  de  Magnesie,  Magnesie  aeree,  M. 
blanche,  M.  crayeuse,  M.  douce,  M.  effervescente, 
M.  moyenne,  Poudre  de  Sentinelli,  P.  de  Valen- 
tini,  P.  du  Comte  de  Palme.  Prepared  from  sul- 
phate of  magnesia  by  subcarbonate  of  potass.  It 
is  inodorous ;  insipid  ;  light ;  white ;  spongy ; 
opake;  effervescing  with  acids;  insoluble  in  wa- 
ter. Properties  the  same  as  the  last;  but  the 
carbonic  acid,  when  set  free,  sometimes  causes 
unpleasant  distension. 

Magnesije  Citras,  Citrate  of  Magnesia,  (F.) 
Citrate  de  JIagnesie.  A  saline  preparation,  formed 
by  saturating  a  solution  of  citric  acid  with  either 
magnesia  or  its  carbonate.  Dose,  an  ounce.  It 
is  devoid  of  the  bitter  taste  of  the  magnesian 
salts. 

A  solution  in  water,  or  in  mineral  water,  sweet- 
ened with  syrup,  and  acidulated  with  citric  acid, 
makes  an  agreeable  purgative.  A  simple  solu- 
tion in  water  has  been  called  magnesian  lemonade. 
In  the  effervescing  state,  it  is  the  effervescing 
magnesian  lemonade.  The  Pharmacopoeia  of  the 
United  States  (1851)  has  a  form  for  the  Liquor 
Magnesia  Citra'tis,  Solution  of  Citrate  of  llag- 
nesia. Take  of  Carbonate  of  magnesia,  ^v ;  ci- 
tric acid,  ^viiss ;  Syrup  of  citric  acid,  f§ij ; 
Water,  a  sufficient  quantity.  Dissolve  the  citric 
acid  in  f^iv  of  water,  and  add  ^iv  of  the  carbo- 
nate of  magnesia,  previously  rubbed  with  f^iij  of 
water.  When  the  reaction  has  ceased,  filter  into 
a  strong  f^xij  glass  bottle,  into  which  the  syrup 
of  citric  acid  has  been  previously  introduced. 
Rub  the  remaining  carbonate  of  magnesia  with 
f^ij  of  water,  and  pour  the  mixture  into  the 
bottle,  which  must  be  well  corked,  and  secured 
with  twine ;  and  shake  the  mixture  occasionally 
until  it  becomes  transparent. 

Magnesije  Hypocarbonas,  M.  earbonas  —  m. 
Subcarbonas,  M.  earbonas — m.  Vitriolicum,  Mag- 
nesia sulphas. 

Magnesia  Sulphas,  Sidphas  Magnesice  piiri- 
Jica'tn,  Magnesia  vitriola'ta,  Sal  cathar'ticus 
ama'rus,  Sal  catkarticum  amarum,  Sal  ama'rum, 
S.  Anglica'num,  Sulphate  of  Magnesia,  Sal  Ep- 
somen'sis,  Sal  catharticus  Anglica'nus,  Sal  Sedli- 
cen'sis,  Sal  Ebsdamen'se,  S.  Seydschutzen'se,  Terra 
ama'ra  sulphu'rica,  Vitriol'icum  Magne'sicB,  Ej)- 
som  Salt,  Bitter  purging  Salt,  (F.)  Sulfate  de 
magnesie,  Sel  admirable  de  Lemery,  Sel  d'egra. 
Generally  obtained  from  sea-water.  Its  taste  is 
bitter  and  disagreeable.  It  is  soluble  in  an  equal 
quantity  of  water  at  60°.  It  is  purgative  and 
diuretic.     Dose,  as  a  cathartic,  ^ss  to  ^ij. 

MAGNESIAN   LEMONADE,  Magnesise 

MAGNESIE  AEREE,  Magnesise  earbonas— 
m.  Blanche,  Magnesia  earbonas — m.  Brulee,  Mag- 
nesia usta  —  m.  Carbonate  de,  Magnesiae  earbo- 
nas—  »!.  Caustique,  Magnesia  usta  —  m.  Citrate 
de,  Magnesia  citras  —  ?m.  Crayeuse,  Magnesiae 
earbonas  —  m.  Bonce,  Magnesia  earbonas  —  m. 
Effervescente,  Magnesia  earbonas — m.  Ifoyenne, 
\iagnesia  earbonas — in.  Souscarbonate  de.  Mag- 
nesia earbonas — m.  Sulfate  de,  Magnesia  sulphas. 

MAGNE'SII  CHLO'RIDUM,  Chloride  of 


Magne'sium,  Muriate  of  3{agnesia.  This  bitter 
deliquescent  salt  has  been  given  as  a  mild  and 
effective  cholagogue  cathartic,  in  the  dose  of  half 
an  ounce  to  the  adult.  Being  deliquescent,  it 
may  be  kept  dissolved  in  its  weight  of  water. 

MAGNESIUM,  see  Magnesia— m.  Chloride  of, 
Magnesii  chloridum  —  m.  Oxide  of.  Magnesia 
usta. 

MAGNET,  Magnes,  Magne'tes,  Ferrum  magnea 
attracto'rium,  Sideri'tes,  Sideri'fis,  Lapis  hera- 
cle'us,  L.  Syderi'tis,  L.  nau'ticus,  Magni'tis,  so 
called  from  Magnes,  its  discoverer,  or  from  Mag- 
nesia, whence  it  was  obtained;  (F.)  Aimant ;  The 
magnet  or  loadstone.  An  amorphous,  oxydulated 
ore  of  iron,  which  exerts  an  attraction  on  un- 
magnetized  iron,  and  has  the  property  of  exhibit- 
ing poles ;  that  is,  of  pointing  by  one  of  its  ex- 
tremities to  the  north.  This  ore,  by  constant  or 
long  rubbing,  communicates  its  properties  to 
iron ;  and  thus  artificial  magnets  are  formed. 
Magnetic  ore  is  found  in  many  countries,  and 
particularly  in  the  island  of  Elba.  The  magnet 
is  sometimes  used  to  extract  spicula  of  iron  from 
the  eye  or  from  wounds.  It  has  been  employed 
as  an  antispasmodic ;  but  acts  only  through  the 
imagination.  The  powder  has  been  given  as  a 
tonic.  In  Pharmacy,  it  is  used  to  purify  iron 
filings.  It  attracts  the  iron,  and  the  impurities 
remain  behind.  It  formerly  entered,  as  an  ingre- 
dient, into  several  plasters,  to  draw  bullets  and 
heads  of  arrows  from  the  body — as  the  Emplas- 
trum  divinum  Nicolai,  the  Emplastrum  nigrum  of 
Augsburg,  the  Opodeldoch,  and  Attractivum  of 
Paracelsus,  &c. 

MAGNETES,  Magnet. 

MAGNET'IC,  Magnet'icus.  Same  etymon. 
That  which  belongs  or  relates  to  magnetism ;  — 
mineral  or  animal. 

Magnetic  Fluid.  A  name  given  to  the  im- 
ponderable fluid  to  which  the  magnet  owes  its 
virtues.  By  analogy  it  is  applied  to  a  particular 
principle,  supposed  to  be  the  source  of  organic 
actions,  which  affects,  it  is  conceived,  the  ner- 
vous system  principally,  and  is  susceptible  of 
being  transmitted  from  one  living  body  to  an- 
other, by  contact  or  simple  approximation,  and 
especially  under  the  influence  of  fixed  volition. 
See  Magnetism,  Animal. 

Magnetic  Plaster.  A  plaster,  at  present, 
not  used.  It  had  for  its  base  a  mixture,  called 
Magnes  arsenica'lis ;  formed  of  equal  parts  of 
antimony,  sulphur  and  arsenic  melted  together  in 
a  glass  cucurbit.  The  name  Magnetic  plaster 
was,  likewise,  given  to  such  as  contained  pow- 
dered magnet. 

MAGNETINUS,  Potassa  supertartras  im.- 
purus. 

MAG'NETISM,  AN'IMAL,  Mes'meri3m,Path'~ 
etism,  Neuroga'mia,  Bioga'mia,  Biomagnetis'mus, 
Zobmagnetis'mus,  Exon'eurism  (proposed  by  Mr. 
H.  Mayo,)  Telluris'mus,  Anthropomagnetis'mus, 
Gar'gale,  Gargalis'mns,  Gar'galus.  Properties 
attributed  to  the  influence  of  a  particular  princi- 
ple, which  has  been  compared  to  that  which  cha- 
racterizes the  magnet.  It  is  supposed  to  be 
transmitted  from  one  person  to  another,  and  to 
impress  peculiar  modifications  on  organic  action, 
especially  on  that  of  the  nerves.  The  discus- 
sions, to  which  this  strange  belief  has  given  rise, 
are  by  no  means  terminated.  There  is  no  evi- 
dence whatever  of  the  existence  of  such  a  fluid. 
Highly  impressible  persons  can  be  thrown  into  a 
kind  of  hysteric  or  '  magnetic'  sleep  and  somnam- 
bulism, (designated  by  Mr.  Braid,  hyp'notism, 
neuro-hyp' notism,  and  nervous  sleep)) ;  but  farthef 
than  this,  the  efforts  of  the  magnetizer  cannot 
reach.  It  is  a  mode  of  action  upon  the  oervej 
through  the  medium  of  the  senses. 


MAGNETIZATIOIf 


534 


MALADIES 


MAGNETIZATION,  Mesmerization. 

MAGNETIZED,  Mesmerized. 

MAGNETIZER,  Mesmerizer. 

MAGNITIS,  Magnet. 

MAGNITUDO  CORPORIS,  Stature. 

MAGNOC,  Jatropha  manihot. 

MAGNOLIA  ERAGRANS,  M.  glauea. 

Magno'lia  Glauca,  31.  fragrans,  Small 
Magnolia,  Magnolia,  Swamp  Sas'safras,  Elk 
/lark,  Indian  Bark,  White  Laurel,  Sweet  Bay, 
Beaver  Wood,  White  Bay,  Cinchona  of  Virginia, 
Cn«tor  Bay,  Sweet  magnolia.  The  bark  is  pos- 
sessed of  tonic  properties,  resembling  those  of 
cnscarilla,  canella,  &e.  The  same  may  be  said 
of  the  Magnolia  tripet'ala  or  Umhrel'la  tree ;  the 
JT.  acumina'ta  or  Cu' cumber  tree,  the  31.  grandi- 
Jio'ra  and  31.  macrophyl'la,  Laurel,  Elk  wood, 
Silverleaf,  Big  leaf,  White  Bay,  Beaver  Tree,  Elk 
hark.  Big  hloom. 

MAGNUM  DEI  DONUM,  Cinchona. 

Magndm  Os.  The  third  bone  of  the  lower  row 
of  the  carpus,  reckoning  from  the  thumb.  It  is 
the  largest  bone  of  the  carpus ;  and  is,  also,  called 
Os  capita' turn/  (F.)  Grand  Os. 

MAGRUMS.  A  popular  name  in  the  State  of 
New  York  for  a  singular  convulsive  affection, 
which  resembles  chorea.  It  rarely,  however,  oc- 
curs before  the  adult  age ;  never  ceases  sponta- 
neously, and,  when  fully  developed,  is  devoid  of 
any  paroxysmal  character. 

MAGUEY,  Agave  Americana. 

MAHMOUDY,  Convolvulus  scammonia. 

3IAE0GAN  FEBRIFUGE,  Swietenia  febri- 
fuga. 

MAHOGANY,  Gynocladus  Canadensis — m. 
Mountain,  Betula  lenta — m.  Tree,  Swietenia  ma- 
hogani. 

MAIANTHEUM,  Convallaria  maialis. 

MAIDENHAIR,  Adiantum  capOlus  veneris — 
m.  American,  Adiantum  pedatum  —  m.  Canada, 
Adiantum  pedatum  —  m.  Common,  Asplenium 
trichomanoides  —  m.  Golden,  Polytrichum — m. 
White,  Asplenium  ruta  muraria. 

MAIDENHEAD,  Virginity. 

MAIDENHOOD,  Virginity. 

MAIEIA,  Obstetrics. 

MAIEUSIS,  Parturition. 

MAIEUTA,  see  Parturition. 

MAIEUTER,  Accoucheur. 

MAIBUTES,  Accoucheur. 

MAIEUTICA  ARS,  Obstetrics. 

MAIGREUR,  Emaciation. 

3IAILLET,  Mallet. 

MAILLOT,  Swathing  clothes. 

MAIN,  Manus. 

MAIRANIA  UVA  URSI,  Arbutus  urva  ursi. 

3IAIS,  Zea  mays. 

MAJOR  HEL'ICIS.  A  narrow  band  of  mus- 
cular fibres  situate  upon  the  anterior  border  of 
the  helix  of  the  ear,  just  above  the  tragus. 

MAJORANA,  Origanum  majorana  —  m.  Hor- 
tensis.  Origanum  majorana — m.  Syriaca,  Teu- 
crium  marum. 

3IAL  B' AMOUR,  Odontalgia. 

3IAL  DBS  ARBENS.  A  name  given  to  a 
species  of  pestilential  erysipelas  or  Saint  Antho- 
ny's fire,  which  reigned  epidemically  in  Prance, 
in  1130. 

3IAL  B'AVENTURE,  Paronychia  —  to.  di 
Ureno,  Scherlievo — m.  Oaduc,  EpDepsy. 

3IAL  BE  CRI3IEE  (F.),  Lipre  des  Cossaques, 
Lepra  Ta'f''>-'''ca.  A  variety  of  lepra  in  the  Cri- 
mea. 

MAL  BE  BENT,  Odontalgia^m.  d'Estomnc, 
Ohthonophagia  —  m.  Bivin,  Epilepsy  —  m.  d' En- 
fant, Pains  (Labour) — m.  di  Fiutne,  Scherlievo — 
r<.  Fran^ais,  Syphilis — m.  de  Gorge,  CynaAche — 


m.  Haut,  Epilepsy — m.  de  3Iach.oire,  Trismus — 
m.  de  3Ier,  Nausea  marina — to.  de  3Ih-e,  Hysteria 
— m.  de  Miaere,  Pellagra — m.  de  Napiles,  Syphilis 
— m.  Petit,  Epilepsy — to.  du  Roi,  Scrofula — vi. 
Ronge  de  Cayenne,  Elephantiasis  of  Cayenne — m. 
Saint  Anfoine,  Erysipelas — rn.  Saint  Jean,  Epi- 
lepsy— m.  Saint  3Iain,  Lepra,  Psora — m.  di  Scher- 
lievo, Scherlievo — to.  de  Siam,  Fever,  yellow. 

MAL  BE  SAN  LAZARO,  Cocohay.  A  le- 
prous disease,  common  in  Colombia,  S.  America. 

3IAL  BEL  SOLE,  Pellagra— to.  de  Sologne, 
Ergotism  —  m.  de  Terre,  EpUepsy  —  m.  d  Teie, 
Cephalalgia — m.  del  Valle,  Proctocace — rn.  Vat, 
see  Anthrax. 

MALA,  Gena — m.  Aurea,  see  Citrus  aurantium. 

MALABATH'RINUM.  Ancient  name  of  an 
ointment  and  a  wine,  into  which  the  malabathrum 
entered. 

MALABA'THRUM,  Cadeji-Indi.  The  leaves 
of  a  tree  of  the  East  Indies.  These  leaves  en- 
tered into  the  theriac,  mithridate,  and  other  an- 
cient electuaries.  They  are  believed  to  be  from 
a  species  of  laurel — Laurus  Cassia;  but,  accord- 
ing to  others,  from  Lnurus  3Ialabathrum.  The 
O'leum  3Ialabathri  is  obtained  from  it. 

MALACCiE  RADIX,  Sagittarium  alexiphar- 
macum. 

MALA  CHE,  Malva  rotundifolia. 

MALA'CIA,  from  naXaKia,  '  softness.'  A  de- 
pravation of  taste,  in  which  an  almost  universal 
loathing  is  combined  with  an  exclusive  longing 
for  some  particular  article  of  food.  If  the  pa- 
tient desires  substances  that  are  not  eatable  or 
noxious,  it  constitutes  Rica,  Pisso'sis,  Pitto'sis, 
Heterorex'ia,  Heteroirrhex'ia,  Cissa,  Citto'siv, 
Citta,  Limo'sis  Pica,  Allotriopha'gia,  Picacis'~ 
mns,  Pica'tio,  Bepra'ved  ap'petite,  (F.)  Envie. 
These  symptoms  accompany  several  nervous  af- 
fections,—  those  of  females  in  particular.  In 
pregnancy  it  is  common,  and  is  termed  Longing. 

Malacia  Africanokum,  Chthonophagia  —  m. 
Cordis,  Cardiomalacia. 

MALACISMUS,  Mollities. 

MALACOGASTER,  Gastromalaxia. 

MALACOPHO'NUS,  from  naXaxia,  'softness,' 
and  0WV77,  'voice.'     One  who  bas  a  soft  voice. 

MALACOPGEA,  Emollients. 

MALACORIUM,  see  Punica  granatum. 

MALACOSAR'COS,  from  ^a\aKoi,  'soft,'  and 
aap^,  'flesh.'  One  of  a  soft  constitution:  hab'itii 
cor'poris  mollio'ri  prce'ditua.  —  Galen. 

MALACOSIS,  Mollities— m.  Cerebri,  Mollities 
cerebri — m.  Cordis,  Cardiomalacia — m.  Hepatis, 
Hepatomalacia — m.  Uteri,  Hysteromalacia. 

MALACOSTEON,  Mollities  ossium. 

MALACTICA,  Emollients. 

MALACTICUM,  Relaxant. 

3IALABE,  Sick. 

3IALABIE,  Disease — to.  Anglaise,  Hypochon- 
driasis—  TO.  Bleue,  Cyanopathy  —  m.  de  Bright, 
Kidney,  Bright's  disease  of  the  —  to.  de  Ornveil- 
heir,  see  Brash,  weaning — m.  Cnculaire,  Pertus- 
sis— TO.  Glandulaire,  Elephantiasis  Arabica — m. 
Imaginaire,  Hj'poehondriasis,  Hj'steria. 

31  AL ABIE  BES  3IINEURS.  Anemia  oc- 
curring in  the  workers  in  mines. 

31  AL  ABIE  NOIRE,  Melsena  — w.  du  Pays, 
Nostalgia — m.  Pediculaire,  Phtheiriasis  —  m.  de 
Pott,  Vertebral  disease — m.  Typho'ide,  see  Typhus 
— TO.  Venerienne,  Syphilis — m.  de  Venus,  Syphilis 
TO.  de  Werlhof,  Purpura  hemorrhagica. 

3fALABIESAGQ  UISES,  Acquired  diseases— 
m.Annuelles,A.T\T\wB\A\sesiSBi—m.Chroniqvcs,C\iro-, 
nic  diseases  —  7)i.  Connees,  Connate  diseases — w. 
Bissinudees,Ye\gTieA  diseases — m.E.vternes,  Exter- 
nal diseases — m.  Fcintcs,  Feigned  diseases — m.He- 
riditaires,  Hereditary  diseases — m.  Innees,  Innate 


MALADIF 


535 


MALPIGHIA 


diseases — m.  Legitimes,  see  Legitimate  —  m.  Ner- 
pewses,  Nervous  diseases  —  m.  iSimulees,  Peigned 
diseases  —  m.  Supposees,  Feigned  diseases  —  m. 
Yenteuses,  Pneumatosis. 

MALADIF,  Sickly. 

MALADRERIE,  Ladrerie. 

MALADY,  ENGLISH,  Hypochondriasis. 

MALjE,  OS,  from  malum,  '  an  apple  ;'  so  called 
from  its  roundness.  Os  mala're,  Os  Jnga'le,  Os 
Jugamen'tum,  Os  GencB,  Zygo'ma,  Os  Zygomat'i- 
cttm,  Os  Hypo'pium,  Os  Subocida're,  Os  Pud'icum, 
(P.)  Os  Malaire,  Os  Zygomatique,  Os  de  la  Pom- 
mette.  The  cheek  or  malar  hone.  This  bone  is 
situate  at  the  lateral  and  superior  part  of  the 
face  ;  and  constitutes  the  zygomatic  region  of  the 
cheek.  It  is  irregularly  quadrilateral.  Its  outer 
surface  is  convex,  covered  by  muscles  and  skin, 
and  pierced  with  canals,  called  malar,  through 
which  vessels  and  nerves  pass.  Its  tipper  sur- 
face is  concave,  and  forms  part  of  the  orbit.  Its 
posterior  surface  is  concave,  and  enters  into  the 
composition  of  the  temporal  fossa.  This  bone  is 
thick  and  cellular.  It  is  articulated  with  the 
frontal,  temporal,  sphenoid,  and  superior  maxil- 
lary bones,  and  is  developed  by  a  single  point  of 
ossification. 

The  part  of  the  face  rendered  prominent  by 
it,  the  French  call  Pommette. 

MALAG'MA,  from  /jaXao-o-u,  '  I  soften.'  An 
emollient  cataplasm,  and,  in  general,  every  local 
application  which  enjoys  the  property  of  soften- 
ing organic  tissues. 

MALAISE,  Indisposition 

MALAKIEN,  Mollities. 

MALAMBO  BARK,  Matias. 

MALANDRIA.  A  species  of  lepra  or  elephan- 
tiasis.—  Marcellus  Empiricus. 

MALANDRIO'SUS,  Leprous.  Affected  with  a 
species  of  lepra. 

MALAR,  Mala'ris,  from  mala,  '  the  cheek.' 
Belonging  to  the  cheek,  —  as  the  malar  bone. 

Malar  Process,  Zygomatic  process. 

MALARE  OS,  Mal^  os. 

MALARIA,  Miasm. 

MALA'RIOUS,  Mala' rial.  Owing  to,  or  con- 
nected with  Malaria, — as  a  malarious  soil,  mala- 
rious disease,  &c. 

MALASSIMILA'TION,  Malassimila'tio;  from 
mala,  'bad,'  and  assimilatio,  'assimilation.'  Im- 
perfect or  morbid  assimilation  or  nutrition. 

MAL'AXATE,  Molli're,  Suhig"ere,  Mala- 
cissa're,  (F.)  Malaxer,  from  fiaXacatii,  'I  soften.' 
To  produce  softening  of  drugs,  by  kneading  them. 
The  process  is  called  Malaxa'tion,  Malaxa'tio. 

MALAXATION,  see  Malaxate. 

MALAXIA  VENTRICULI,  Gastromalaxia. 

MALAXIS,  MoUities  —  m.  Cordis,  Cardioma- 
lacia. 

MALAY,  see  Homo. 

MALAZISSA'TUS,  Malacissa'tus,  from  mala- 
cisso,  '  I  soften.'  One  in  whom  the  testicles  have 
not  descended.  Ithas,also,been  used  synonymous- 
ly with  emascula'tus  and  muliera'tus. —  Castelli. 

MALCE,  Chilblain. 

MALE,  Mas,  Mas'culus.  Of  the  sex  that  be- 
gets young.  Not  female.  What  belongs  to  the 
male  sex;  as  the  male  organs  of  generation. 

Male,  Axilla — m.  Organ,  Penis. 

MALEPICIUM,  Poisoning. 

MALFORMA'TION,  malforma'tio,  malconfor- 
ma'tio ;  from  mala,  'bad,'  and  /ormo,  'form.' 
A  wrong  formation  ;  or  irregularity  in  the  struc- 
ture of  parts.     See  Monster. 

MALIA,  see  Equinia. 

MALIASMUS,  Malis,  see  Equinia. 

MALICHORIUM,  see  Punica  granatum. 

MALICORIUM,  see  Punica  granatum. 

MALIE,  EquLnia. 


MALIG'NANT,  Malig'nus,  (F.)  Malin.  A 
term  applied  to  any  disease  whose  symptoms  ar« 
so  aggravated  as  to  threaten  the  destruction  of 
tlie  patient.  A  disease  of  a  very  serious  charac- 
ter, although  it  may  be  mild  in  appearance;  — 
Morbus  vialignus. 

3IALIN,  Malignant. 

MALING'ERER;  from  (F.)  malingre,  'sickly.' 
A  simulator  of  disease,  so  termed  in  the  British 
military  service. 

MALIS,  Malias'mos,  Cuta'neous  vermina'tioii, 
Helminthon'eus.  The  cuticle  or  skin  infested 
with  animalcules,  —  Phthiri'asis,  Parasitis'mun 
superfic"iei.  In  Persia,  this  affection  is  produced 
by  the  Guinea  worm ;  in  South  America,  by  the 
Chigre  ;  and  in  Europe,  occasionally  by  the 
Louse.     See  Equinia,  and  Phtheiriasis. 

Malis  Dracdnculus,  Dracunculus — m.  Gordii, 
Dracunculus — m.  Pediculi,  Phtheiriasis. 

MALLE'OLAR,  Malleola'ris,  from  malleolus, 
'the  ankle.'    Belonging  or  relating  to  the  ankles. 

Malleolar  Arteries  are  two  branches  fur- 
nished by  the  anterior  tibial  about  the  instep  ; 
the  one — the  internal — passes  transversely  behind 
the  tendon  of  the  tibialis  anticus,  to  be  distributed 
in  the  vicinity  of  the  malleolus  internus;  —  the 
other — the  external  —  glides  behind  the  tendons 
of  the  extensor  communis  digitorum  pedis  and  the 
peroneus  brevis,  and  sends  its  branches  to  the 
parts  which  surround  the  outer  ankle,  as  well  as 
to  the  outer  region  of  the  tarsus. 

MALLE'OLUS.  Diminutive  of  malleus,  'a 
mallet,  or  hammer;'  Rasce'ta,  Baste' ta,  Rascha, 
Rasetta,  Rase'ta,  Sphyra,  Tains,  Diab'ebos,  Ta- 
le'ohis,  Peza,  the  Ankle,  (F.)  Malleole,  Cheville 
du  Pied.  The  two  projections  formed  by  the 
bones  of  the  leg  at  jtheir  inferior  part.  The 
inner  belongs  to  the  tibia;  the  outer  to  the  fibula. 
The  ankles  afford  attachment  to  ligaments;  and 
each  has  a  sort  of  gutter,  in  which  certain  tendons 
slide.     See  Malleus. 

MALLET,  Malle'olus,  (F.)  Maillet.  A  kind 
of  hammer,  used  with  a  gouge  for  removing  or 
cutting  bones,  in  certain  surgical  and  anatomical 
operations. 

MAL'LEUS,  Malle'olus,  Ossic'ulum  3Talleolo 
assimila'tum,  (F.)  Martemi.  The  longest  and 
outermost  of  the  four  small  bones  of  the  ear.  It 
is  situate  at  the  outer  part  of  the  tymi)anum,  and 
is  united  to  the  membrana  tympani.  It  has,  1. 
An  ovoid  head,  which  is  articulated  behind  with 
the  incus,  and  is  supported  by  a  narrow  part 
called  the  neck :  this  has,  anteriorly,  a  long  apo- 
physis, which  is  engaged  in  the  glenoid  fissure, 
and  is  called  the  Apophysis  or  Process,  Proces'siis 
grac"ilis,  of  Rau.  It  affords  attachment  to  the 
anterior  mallei  jnvLScle.  2.  A /ia)iC?/e,  which  forms 
an  obtuse  angle  with  the  neck,  and  corresponds 
to  the  membrane  of  the  tympanum,  which  it 
seems  to  draw  inwards.  It  is  furnished  at  its  up- 
per extremity  with  a  process — t\ie])rocessus  brevix, 
to  which  the  internus  mallei  is  attached,  '^his  bone 
is  developed  by  a  single  point  of  ossification. 

Malleus,  Equinia — M.farciminosus,  see  Equi- 
nia—  m.  Slender  Process  of  the,  Grele  apopihyse 
du  marteau. 

MALLOW,  COMMON,  Malva— m.  Compound 
decoction  of,  Decoctum  malva3  eompositum-  -m. 
Yellow,  Abutilon  cordatum. 

MALMEDY,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Mai- 
medy  is  a  town  in  Rhenish  Prussia,  between  Spa 
and  Coblenz.  In  its  immediate  vicinity  are  seve- 
ral acidulous  chalybeate  springs. 

MALO  DI  SCAR  LIE  VO,  Scherlievo. 

MALOGRANATUM,  Punica  orranatum. 

MALPIGHL  ACINI  OF.  CorporaMalpi2;hianit. 

MALPIG'HIA  MOUREL'LA,  (F.)  Mour.il. 
Her,  Simarouhafaux.     The  bark  of  this  shrui  — 


MALPiaHIAN  BODIES 


536 


MAMMARY 


a  native  of  Cayenne  —  is  reputed  to  be  febrifuge, 
and  useful  in  diarrhoea. 

MALPIGHIAN  BODIES,  Corpora  Malpighi- 
ana — m.  b.  Inflammation  of  the.  Kidney,  Bright's 
.disease  of  the — m.  b.  of  the  Spleen,  see  Spleen. 

MALPRAX'IS,  Ilala  praxis,  Malum  reg"imen. 
Bad  management  or  treatment. 

MALT,  Sax.  mealo,  Dutch  mout,  Teut. 
malt;  from  lioXaTTu),  '  I  soften ;'  [?]  Byne,  Mal- 
tiim,  Hor'dei  nialtitm,  Bra'sium,  (F.)  Dreche.  Bar- 
ley made  to  germinate,  for  the  purpose  of  forming 
beer.  It  has  been  recommended  in  medicine,  as 
antiscorbutic,  antiscrofulous,  &c. 

Malt  Spirit.  A  spirit  distilled  from  malt.  It 
is  the  basis  of  most  of  the  spirituous  cordials. 

MALTA,  CLIMATE  OF.  The  climate  of 
Malta  is  pretty  equable,  the  range  of  tempera- 
ture in  the  twenty -four  hours  being  rarely  more 
than  6°.  The  air  is  almost  always  dry  and  clear. 
The  most  disagreeable  wind  is  the  sirocco,  which 
is  the  source  of  more  or  less  suffering  to  the  pul- 
monary invalid.  The  winter  climate  is  favoura- 
ble. Dr.  Liddell  thinks  that  no  place  which  he 
has  seen  in  the  south  of  Europe  can  compete  with 
Malta,  for  a  mild,  dry,  bracing  air  in  November, 
December,  and  part  of  January;  and  during  the 
other  winter  and  spring  months,  he  thinks  it  is 
equal  to  any  of  them. 

MALTHA,  Malthe,  from  liaXarTU,  'I  soften.' 
Wax,  particularly  soft  wax. 
MALTHACTICA,  Emollients. 
MALTHAXIS,  MoUities. 
MALUM,  Disease,  Melum  —  m.  Articulorum, 
Gout — m.  Caducum,  Epilepsy — m.  Caducum  pul- 
monum,  Asthma — m.  Canum,  see  Pyrus  cydonia 
■ — m.  Coense,  Averrhoa  carambola — m.  Cotoneum, 
see  Pyrus  cydonia  —  m.  Hypochondriacum,  Hy- 
pochondriasis— m.  Hystericum,  Hysteria — m.  In- 
sanum,  see  Solanum  Melongena — m.Ischiadicum, 
Neuralgia  femoro-poplitaea — m.  Lazari,  Elephan- 
tiasis— m.  Lycopersicum,  Solanum  lycopersicum. 
Malum   Mor'tuum.      A   species    of  lepra,  in 
which  the  affected  portions  of  skin  seem  to  be 
struck  with  death. 

Malum  Pilare,  Trichosis — m.  Pottii,  Vertebral 
disease — m.  Primarium,  Idiopathia — m.  Regimen, 
Malpraxis — m.  Spinosum,  Datura  stramonium — 
m.  Terrestre,  Atropa  Mandragora — m.  Venereum, 
Syphilis. 

MALUS,  Pyrus  malus  —  m.  Aurantia  major. 
Citrus  aurantium — m.  Communis,  Pyrus  malus — 
m.  Dasyphylla,  Pyrus  malus. 

Malus  In'dica,  Bilumbi  hiting-hing  of  Bon- 
tius.  The  juice  of  this  East  India  tree  is  cool- 
ing, and  is  drunk  as  a  cure  for  fevers.  The 
leaves,  boiled  and  made  into  a  cataplasm  with 
rice,  are  famed  in  all  sorts  of  tumours.  The 
juice,  mixed  with  arrack,  is  drunk  for  the  cure 
of  diarrhoea.  The  ripe  fruit  is  eaten  as  a  deli- 
cacy; and  the  unripe  is  made  into  a  pickle  for 
the  use  of  the  table. 

Malus  Limonia  Acida,  see  Citrus  medica — m. 
Mediea,  see  Citrus  medica — m.  Sylvestris,  Pyrus 
malus. 

MALVA,  Malva  sylvea'tris  seu  vulga'ris,  Com- 
mon Malhno,  (F.)  Mauve  sauvage.  The  leaves 
and  flowers  are  chiefly  used  in  fomentations,  cata- 
plasms, and  emollient  enemata.  Its  properties 
are  demulcent. 

Malva  rotundifo'lia,  Mal'ache,  Mal'oche,  has 
like  virtues ;  as  well  as  the  other  varieties. 
MALVAVISCUM,  Althtea. 
MALVERN,  WATERS  OF.  The  village  of 
Great  Malvern,  (pronounced  3faw'vern,)  in  Wor- 
cestershire, England,  has  for  many  years  been 
celebrated  for  a  sjjiing  of  remarkable  purity, 
'"•tiich  has  acquired  the  name  of  the  Holy  well. 
U  15  a  i-arbonated  water;  containing  carbonates 


of  soda  and  iron,  sulphate  of  soda,  and  chloride 
of  sodium;  and  is  chiefly  used  externally,  in  cu- 
taneous affections. 

MAMA-PIAN.  An  ulcer  of  a  bad  aspect, 
which  is  the  commencement  of  the  plan ;  and 
which,  after  having  destroyed  the  flesh,  extends 
to  the  bones.  It  is  also  called  the  Mother  0/ 
Plans  ; — La  mere  des  plans. 

MAMEI,  Mamoe,  Momin  or  Toddy  tree.    From 
incisions  made  in  the  branches  of  this  West  In- 
dian tree,  a  copius  discharge  of  pellucid  liquor 
occurs,  which  is  called  momin  or  I'oddy  wine.    It 
is  very  diuretic,  and  is  esteemed  to  be  a  good  an- 
tilithic  and  lithontriptic. 
MAMELLE,  Mamma. 
MAMELON,  Nipple. 
MAMELONNE,  Mammillated. 
MAMELONS   BU  REIN,   Papillse    of   the 
kidney. 

MAMILLA,  see  Mamma. 

MAMMA,  from  mamma,  one  of  the  earliest 
cries  of  the  infant,  ascribed  to  a  desire  for  food. 
Masthos,  Mastus,  Mazos,  Thele,  Titthos,  Mnma, 
Uber,  Nutrix,  Gemip'oma.  The  female  breast, 
[3Iammil'la,  Mamilla  being  the  male  breast;)  (F.) 
Mamelle.  A  glandular  organ,  proper  to  a  class 
of  animals  —  the  mammalia  —  and  intended  for 
the  secretion  of  milk.  The  mammse  exist  in 
both  sexes,  but  they  acquire  a  much  greater  size 
in  the  female ;  especially  during  pregnancy  and 
lactation.  In  women,  before  the  age  of  puberty, 
the  breasts  are  but  little  developed.  At  this 
period,  however,  towards  the  central  part  of  each 
breast,  the  skin  suddenly  changes  colour,  and 
assumes  a  rosy  tint.  It  is  of  a  reddish  brown  in 
women  who  have  suckled  several  children.  This 
circle  has  a  rugous  appearance,  owing  to  the  pre- 
sence of  sebaceous  glands,  and  is  called  Are'ola 
or  Aure'ola.  These  glands — Tubercles  of  the  Are- 
ola, of  Sir  Astley  Cooper  —  furnish  an  unctuous 
fluid  for  defending  the  nipple  from  the  action  of 
the  saliva  of  the  sucking  infant.  In  the  midst 
of  the  aureola  is  the  nipple,  a  conoidal  eminence, 
of  a  rosy  tint,  susceptible  of  erection,  and  at  the 
surface  of  which  the  galactophorous  ducts  open. 
Besides  the  skin  covering  them,  the  breasts  are, 
also,  composed  of  a  layer  of  fatty  areolar  tissue, 
more  or  less  thick;  of  a  large  gland;  excretory 
ducts;  vessels,  nerves,  &c.  See  Mammary. 
The  breasts  are  called  the  bosom,  sinus, (E.)  Sein. 
Mamma  also  means  a  nurse. 
MAMMAL,  plural  Mamma'lia,  Mam'mifer, 
mammif'erous  animal;  from  mamma,  'a  breast.' 
An  animal  that  suckles  its  young. 

MAM'MARY,  Mamma'rius,  from  mamma,  'the 
breast.'     Relating  to  the  breasts. 

Mammary  Abscess,  Mastodynia  apostematosa. 
Mammary  Arteries  are  three  in  number. 
They  are  distinguished  into  —  1.  The  Internal 
Mammary,  Arte'ria  sterna'lis,  A.  Sons-sternal 
(Ch.),  Internal  thoraG"ic.  It  arises  from  the  sub- 
clavian, and  descends  obliquely  inwards,  from  its 
origin  to  the  cartilage  of  the  third  rib.  Below 
the  diaphragm  it  divides  into  two  branches  ;  the 
one  external,  the  other  internal.  From  its  origin 
until  its  bifurcation,  it  gives  branches  to  the 
muscles  and  glands  of  the  neck,  to  the  thymus, 
mediastinum,  pericardium,  and  oesophagus.  In 
each  intercostal  space,  it  gives  off  internal  and 
external  muscnlo-cutaneons  branches,  and  also, 
on  each  side,  the  superior  diaphragmatic.  Its 
two  ultimate  branches  are  distributed  on  the 
parietes  of  the  abdomen,  and  anastomose  with 
the  external  mammary,  intercostal,  lumbar,  cir- 
cumflcxa  ilii,  and  epigastric  arteries.  2.  The  Ex- 
fertial  Mammary  Arteries  are  two  in  number,  and 
are  distinguished  into  superior  and  inferior.  Tho 
superior  external  mammary,  First  of  the  thoracica 


MAMMEA 


537 


MANGANESE 


(Ch.,)  Superior  external  thoracic,  Superior  tho- 
racic, is  furnished  by  the  axillary  artery.  It 
descends  obliquely  forwards  between  the  peetor- 
:ilis  major  and  pectoralis  minor,  to  which  it  is 
distributed  by  a  considerable  number  of  branches. 
The  inferior  external  mammary,  the  second  of  the 
thoracics  (Ch.,)  Long  or  inferior  thoracic,  arises 
from  the  axillary  artery,  a  little  below  the  pre- 
ceding. It  descends  vertically  over  the  lateral 
part  of  the  thorax ;  curves,  afterwards,  inwards  ; 
becomes  subcutaneous  and  divides  into  a  number 
of  branches,  which  surround  the  breast.  It  gives 
branches  to  the  pectoralis  major,  serratus  major 
anticus,  the  intercostal  muscles,  the  glands  of 
the  axilla,  and  the  integuments  of  the  breast. 

Maiisiary  Gland  is  the  secretory  organ  of  the 
milk.  It  is  situate  in  the  substance  of  the  breast, 
to  which  it  gives  shape  and  size.  The  tissue  of 
this  gland  results  from  the  assemblage  of  lobes 
of  different  size,  united  intimately  by  a  dense  are- 
olar tissue.  Each  of  these  is  composed  of  seve- 
ral lobules,  formed  of  round  granulations,  of  a 
rosy  white  colour,  and  of  the  size  of  a  poppy  seed. 
The  glandular  grains  give  rise  to  the  radicles  of 
the  excretory  canals  of  the  mamma,  which  are 
called  galactophorous  or  lactiferous.  These  ex- 
cretory vessels  unite  in  ramusculi,  rami,  and  in 
trunks  of  greater  or  less  size ;  collect  towards 
the  centre  of  the  gland ;  are  tortuous,  very  ex- 
tensible and  semi-transparent.  All  terminate  in 
sinuses,  situate  near  the  base  of  the  nipple,  which 
are  commonly  from  15  to  18  in  number.  These 
sinuses  are  very  short,  conical,  and  united  by  are- 
olar tissue.  From  their  summits,  a  fasciculus  of 
new  ducts  sets  out,  which  occupy  the  centre  of 
the  nipple  and  open  separately  at  its  surface. 
The  arteries  of  the  mammary  gland  come  from 
the  thoracic,  axillary,  intercostal,  and  internal 
mammary.  The  veins  accompany  the  arteries  ; 
the  nerves  are  furnished  by  the  intercostals,  and 
brachial  plexus ;  the  lymphatic  vessels  are  very 
numerous,  and  form  two  layers.  They  commu- 
nicate with  those  of  the  thorax,  and  pass  into  the 
axillary  ganglions. 

Mam'mary  Sarco'ma,  Mastoid  sarcoma  of 
Abernethy,  Emphy'ma  sarcoma  mamma'rum.  A 
tumour,  of  the  colour  and  texture  of  the  mam- 
mary gland ;  dense  and  whitish  ;  sometimes  softer 
and  brownish ;  often  producing,  on  extirpation,  a 
malignant  ulcer  with  indurated  edges.  Found  in 
various  parts  of  the  body  and  limbs. 

Mammary  Veins  follow  the  same  course  as  the 
arteries,  and  have  received  the  same  denomina- 
tions. The  internal  mammary  vein,  of  the  right 
side,  opens  into  the  superior  cava ;  that  of  the 
left,  into  the  corresponding  subclavian  vein. 
The  external  mammary  veins  open  into  the  axil- 
lary vein. 

MAMME'A  AMERICA'NA.  The  systematic 
name  of  the  tree  on  which  the  mammee  fruit 
grows.  This  fruit  has  a  delightful  flavour  when 
ripe ;  and  is  much  cultivated  in  Jamaica,  where 
it  is  generally  sold  in  the  markets  as  one  of  the 
best  fruits  of  the  island. 

MAMMEA'TA,  Mammo'sa,  from  mamma,  'the 
breast.'     One  who  has  large  breasts. 

MAMMELLA.  Nipple. 

MAMMIFER,  Mammal. 

MAMMIFEROUS  ANIMAL,  Mammal. 

MAMMIFORM,  Mastoid. 

MAMMILLA,  Mamma  (male.)  Nipple. 

MAMMILLAE  MEDULLARES,  see  Mammil- 
lary. 

MAMMILLARIS,  Mastoid. 

MAM'MILLARY,  Mnmmilla'ria,  from  3Tnm- 
milla,  '  a  small  breast,  a  nipple.'     See  Mastoid. 

Mammii.lary  Em'inencb  is  a  name  given,  1. 
To  more  or  less  marked  prominences  on  the  inner 


surface  of  the  bones  of  the  cranium,  which  cor- 
respond to  the  anfractuosities  of  the  cranium. 
2.  To  white,  round,  medullary  tubercles,  of  the 
size  of  a  pea,  situate  at  the  base  of  the  brain,  be- 
hind the  gray  substance  from  which  the  Tige 
pituitaire,  of  the  French  anatomists,  arises. 
These  Mammillary  Tubercles,  Cor'piora  alhican'- 
tia,  C.  Candican'tia,  C.  Mammilla'ria,  C.  Pisi- 
for'mia,  Bulbi  for'nicis,  MammillcB  tnedulla' res, 
Prominentia;  alhican'tes,  Proces'sus  mammilla'res 
cer'ebri,  Protensio'nes  glandxda'res,  Eminen'tim 
candican'tes,  Prio'rum  criirum  for'nicis  bulbi, 
Willis's  Glands,  (F.)  Bulbes  de  la  vottte  d  trots 
piliers,  Tubercles  pisiformes  (Ch.),  are  united  to 
each  other  by  a  small  grayish  band,  which  cor- 
responds with  the  third  ventricle.  They  receive 
the  anterior  prolongations  of  the  fornix.  Some 
ancient  anatomists,  taking  the  nervous  trunks,  to 
which  Willis  first  gave  the  name  of  olfactory 
nerves,  for  simple  appendages  of  the  brain,  called 
them,  on  account  of  their  shape,  Carun'culcB 
mammilla'res.  Vesalius,  Fallopius,  Columbus,  and 
several  others,  termed  them  Proces'sus  mammilla'- 
res cer'ebri  ad  nares. 

MAM' MILL  ATED,  (F.)  Mamehnne,  from 
mamma,  'the  female  breast.'  That  which  has 
mammiform  projections  on  its  surface. 

Mammillated  Liver,  Cirrhosis. 

MAMMOSA,  Mammeata. 

MAMOE,  Mamei. 

MAN,  Aner,  Anthropos,  Homo. 

MAN-IN-THE-aROUND,  Convolvulus  pan 
duratus. 

MANCHE  D'HIPPOORATE,  Chausse. 

MANCURANA,  Origanum. 

MANDIBULA,  Maxillary  bone. 

MANDIBULARIS  MUSCULUS,  Masseter. 

MANDO,  Glutton. 

MANDRAG  ORA,  Atropa  mandragora  —  m. 
Aeaulis,  Atropa  mandragora  —  m.  Officinalis, 
Atropa  mandragora  —  m.  Vernalis,  Atropa  man- 
dragora. 

MANDRAGORI'TES,  from  ixavSpayopa,  the 
At' ropa  mandrag'ora  or  mandrake.  Wine  in 
which  the  roots  of  mandrake  have  been  infused. 

MANDRAKE,  Atropa  mandragora,  Podophyl- 
lum peltatum,  P.  montanum. 

MANDUCATIO,  Mastication  —  m.  Difficilis, 
Bradymasesis. 

MAN'DUCATORY,  Manducato'rius ;  from 
Manducatio,  '  mastication.'  Appertaining  or  re- 
lating to  mastication  ;  —  as, 

Manducatory  Nerve,  see  Trigemini. 

MANGANESE,  BLACK  OXIDE  OF,  Man- 
gane'sii  ox'idum,  M.  Binox'idum,  Tetrox'ide  of 
manganese,  Magne'sia  nigra,  Mangane'sium  vitra- 
rio'rum,  M.  oxyda'tum  nati'vum  seu  nigrum,  Man- 
gane'sium ochra'ceum  nigrum,  M.  oxyda'tum  nati'- 
vum, Man'ganum  oxyda'tum  nativum,  Molybdce'- 
num  magne'sii,  Oxo'des  man'gani  nati'va,  Perox'- 
ydum  mangane'sii  nigrum  nativtim,'Superox'ydum 
mangan'icum,  (P.)  Oxyde  noir  de  manganese. 
This  oxide  is  not  much  used  in  medicine.  It  has 
been  advised  to  dust  the  affected  parts,  in  tinea 
capitis,  with  the  powder. 

Manganese,  Salts  of,  see  Manganese,  sul- 
phate of. 

MANGANESE,  OXYDE  NOIR  BE,  Man 
ganese,  black  oxide  of. 

Man'ganese,  Sulphate  of,  Mangane'sii  Sul- 
phas, M.  Protox'idi  Sulphas,  Sulphate  of  Pro 
tox'ide  of  Man'ganese.  A  rose-coloured  and  very 
soluble  salt,  isomorphous  with  sulphate  of  mag 
nesia.  It  is  prepared  on  a  large  scale  for  the  use 
of  the  dyer,  by  heating,  in  a  close  -vessel,  peroxide 
of  manganese  and  coal,  aul  dissolviig  the  im 


MANGAKE5U 


538 


MAX  US 


pure  protoxide  thus  obtairied  in  sulphuric  acid, 
with  the  addition  of  a  little  chlorohydric  acid 
towards  the  end  of  the  process.  The  solution  is 
evaporated  to  dryness,  and  again  exposed  to  a  red 
heat,  by  which  the  persulphate  of  iron  is  decom- 
posed. Water  then  dissolves  the  pure  sulphate 
of  manganese,  leaving  the  oxide  of  iron  behind. 

This  salt  has  been  recommended  as  a  chola- 
go.^ue,  in  doses  of  a  drachm  or  two. 

The  salts  of  manganese  have  been  recommended 
in  chlorosis  and  amenorrhoea,  and  as  substitutes 
f  <r  chalybeates  generally.  The  subearbonate  and 
the  oxide  have  been  chiefly  employed. 

Manganese,  Tetroxide  of,  M.  Black  oxide  of. 

MANttANESII  BINOXIDUM,  Manganese, 
black  oxide  of — m.  Oxidum,  Manganese,  black 
oxide  of — m.  Peroxydum  nigrum  nativum,  Man- 
ganese, black  oxide  of  —  m.  Protoxidi  sulphas, 
Manganese,  sulphate  of — m.  Sulphas,  Manganese, 
sulphate  of. 

MANGANESIUM  OCHRACEUM  NIGRUM, 
Manganese,  black  oxide  of — m.  Oxydatum  nati- 
vum seu  nigrum.  Manganese,  black  oxide  of — 
m.  Vitrariorum,  Manganese,  black  oxide  of. 

MANGANI  OXODES  NATIVA,  Manganese, 
black  oxide  of. 

MANGANICUM  SUPEROXIDUM,  Manga- 
nese, black  oxide  of. 

MANGANUM  OXYDATUM  NATIVUM, 
Manganese,  black  oxide  of. 

MANGE,  Scabies  ferina. 

MANGIF'ERA  IN'DICA,  M.  domes'tica. 
The  Manyo  tree,  (F.)  Manguier.  A  tree  culti- 
-vated  over  Asia,  and  in  South  America.  Mangos, 
when  ripe,  are  juicy,  of  a  good  flavour,  and  so 
fragrant  as  to  perfume  the  air  to  a  considerable 
distance.  They  are  eaten,  either  raw  or  pre- 
served with  sugar.  From  the  expressed  juice  a 
wine  is  prepared ;  and  the  remainder  of  the  ker- 
nel can  be  reduced  to  an  excellent  flour  for  bread. 

MANGO  TREE,  Mangifera  Indica. 

MANGONISATIO,  Falsification. 

MANGONIUM,  Falsification. 

MANGOSTAN,  Garcinia  mangostana. 

MANGOSTANA,  Garcinia  mangostana  —  m. 
Cambogia,  Garcinia  cambogia — m.  Garcinia,  Gar- 
cinia mangostana. 

MANGOUSTAN,  Garcinia  mangostana. 

MANGUIER,  Mangifera  Indica. 

MANROOD,  Adult  age. 

MANI,  Arachis  hypogaea. 

MA'NIA,  Furor,  Hemianth.ro' pia.  Furor  ma- 
iiia,  Insa'nia,  Delir'ium  mani'acum,  Ecphro' nia 
rnmiia,  Delir'ium  mania,  D.  furio'sum.  Mania 
niiiversa'lis,  Vesfi'nia  mania,  (F.)  Manie,  Hyper- 
phrenie,  Raving  or  furious  madness,'  from  jiaivo- 
jtai,  '  I  am  furious.'  With  some,  it  means  insa- 
nity. Disorder  of  the  intellect,  in  which  there  is 
erroneous  judgment  or  hallucination,  which  im- 
pels to  acts  of  fury.  If  the  raving  be  not  di- 
rected to  a  single  object,  it  is  mania  properly  so 
called;  if  to  one  object,  it  constitutes  monomania, 
which  term  is,  however,  usually  given  to  melan- 
choly. Mania  attacks  adults  chiefly;  and  wo- 
men more  frequently  than  men.  The  prognosis 
is  unfavourable.  About  one-third  never  recover; 
And  they  who  do  are  apt  to  relapse.  Separation 
is  line  of  the  most  eS'ective  means  of  treatment, 
with  attention  to  the  corporeal  condition  and 
every  thing  that  can  add  to  the  mental  comfort 
of  the  patient,  and  turn  his  thoughts  away  from 
the  subjects  of  his  delusion.  In  the  violence  of 
the  paroxysms,  recourse  must  be  had  to  the  strait 
waistcoat,  the  shower  bath,  &c.  Separation 
should  be  continued  for  some  weeks  during  con- 
valescence, with  the  view  of  preventing  a  relapse. 

Mania,  Dancing.  Dancing  plague.  A  form 
of  convulsion,  whicn  has  appeared,  at  various 


times,  epidemically  under  the  form  of  St.  Vitus'a 
dance,  St.  John's  dance,  Tarantism,  Hysteria, 
Tigretier  (in  Abyssinia),  and  diseased  sympathy; 
and  which  has  been  fully  described  by  Hecker  in 
his  '  Epidemics  of  the  Middle  Ages.'  See  Cun- 
vulsionnaire. 

A  form  of  convulsion,  induced  by  religious 
phrenzy,  has  been  vulgarly  called  the  Jerks. 

Mania  Epileptica,  see  Epilepsy — m.  Erotica, 
Erotomania — m.  Lactea,  M.  puerperal  —  m.  Me- 
lancholica.  Melancholy — m.  a  Pathemate,  Empa- 
thema — m.  a  Potil,  Delirium  tremens. 

Mania,  Puer'pep.al,  3Ia'nia  puerpera'rvm 
acu'ta,  31.  puerpera'lis,  M.  lac'tea,  Insa'nia  puer- 
2iera'rum,  Fncejihalojjathi' a  pnerpera'lis,  Puer- 
peral Insanity.  Mania  tvhich  supervenes  in  the 
childbed  state. 

Mania  Purperaeum  Acuta,  M.  puerperal  — 
m.  sine  Delirio,  Pathomania  —  m.  a  Temulentia, 
Delirium  tremens — m.  Pellagria,  Pellagra. 

MANIACAL,  Maniodes. 

MANIACUS,  Maniodes. 

MANICA  HIPPOCRATIS,  Chausse. 

MANIE,  Mania — m.  sans  Delire,  Empathema. 

MANI6UETTA,  Amomum  grana  paradisi. 

MANIIBAR,  Jatropha  manihot. 

MANILU'VIUM,  Manulu'vium,  from  manvs, 
'the  hand,'  and  '  lavo,  'I  wash.'  A  bath  for  the 
hands.  It  may  be  rendered  stimulating,  by 
means  of  muriatic  acid,  mustard,  &c. 

MANIOC,  Jatropha  manihot. 

MANIO'DES,  Mnni'ocus,  Mani'acal.  One  la- 
bouring under  mania;  Hemiantliro' pus,  Furio'sus, 
Furihun'dus,  Lyssas,  Lysse'ter. 

MANIPULA'TION,  from  manvs,  'a  hand.' 
Mode  of  working  in  the  arts. 

MANIP'ULUS,  (F.)  Poignee.  The  quantity 
of  a  substance  capable  of  filling  the  hand.  A 
handful.     See  Fasciculus. 

MAN-MIDWIFE,  Accoucheur. 

MANNA,  see  Fraxinus  ornus  —  m.  Brianjon, 
see  Pinus  larix — m.  Brigantina,  see  Pinus  larix — 
m.  Calabrina,  see  Fraxinus  ornus — m.  Croup,  Se- 
molina—  m.  Laricea,  see  Pinus  larix — m.  Metal- 
lorum,  Hydrargyri  submurias. 

MANNEQUIN,  Fantom. 

MANNEKIN,  Fantom. 

MANNIN,  see  Fraxinus  ornus. 

MANNITE,  see  Fraxinus  ornus. 

MANOEUVRE  (F.),  pronounced  vianeio'ver  • 
from  main,  'the  hand,'  and  ceuvre,  'work.'  A 
dexterous  movement.  Applied  in  France  to  the 
practice  of  surgical  or  obstetrical  operations  on 
the  dead  body  or  phantom;  Opera'tio  chirur'- 
gica  vel  obstet'rica. 

MANSANA  ARBOREA,  see  Jujube. 

MANSFORD'S  PLATES,  see  Galvanism. 

MANSORIUS,  Buccinator. 

MANSTUPRATIO,  Masturbation. 

MAN  TELE,  Bandage  (body). 

MANTI'A,  3Ian'tiea,  Man'tice,  in  English, 
money;  a  common  sufiix,  denoting 'divination;' 
Divina'tio,  Prcedivinatio,  PrcBsa'gium. 

MANTILE,  Bandage  (body). 

MANTLE,  Panniculus  carnosus. 

MANU'BRIUM,  from  manus,  'a  hand.'  The 
handle  of  any  thing:  —  as  mayin'brium  mal'lei, 
petiolus  mal'lei,  'the  handle  of  the  malleus.' 

Manubrifm,  Chasse — m.  Mantis,  Radius. 

Mantibrium  Sterni.  The  uppermost  broad 
part  of  the  sternum. 

MANULUVIUM,  Bath,  hand,  Maniluvium. 

MANUS,  Cheir,  Chir,  Instrumentum  Instni- 
ment'irum,  Hand,  Paw,  (F.)  3fain.  The  part 
wliich  terminates  the  upper  extremity  in  man, 
and  which  is  inservient  to  prehension  and  touch. 
It  extends  from  the  fold  of  the  wrist  to  the  extra., 
mity  of  the  fingers.     The  hand  is  sustained  by  a 


MANUSTUPRATIO 


539 


MARMBLADE 


bony  skeleton,  composed  of  a  number  of  pieces, 
movable  on  each  other  j  of  muscles,  tendons,  car- 
tilages, ligaments,  vessels,  nerves,  &c.  It  is  di- 
vided into  three  parts  —  the  carpus  or  wrist,  the 
metacarpus,  and  fingers.  Its  concave  surface  is 
called  the  palm  ;  the  convex  surface  the  hacli  of 
the  hand.  The  facility  of  being  able  to  oppose 
the  thumb  to  the  fingers  in  order  to  seize  objects 
forms  one  of  the  distinctive  characters  of  the 
human  hand. 

Manus  Cheisti  Perla'ta.  A  name  anciently 
given  to  troches,  prepared  of  pearls  and  sugar  of 
roses.  They  were  called  Manus  Chrieti  sim'2)lices, 
when  pearls  were  not  employed. 

Manus  Dei.  An  ancient  plaster,  prepared  of 
wax,  myrrh,  frankincense,  mastich,  gum  ammo- 
niac, galhanum,  oil,  <te.     See  Opium. 

Manus  Hepatis,  Porta  vena — m.  Jecoris,  Porta 
yena — -m.  Parva  majori  adjutris,  see  Digitus. 

MANUSTUPRATIO,  Masturbation. 

MANUSTUPRATOR,  Masturbator. 

MANYPLIES,  Omasum. 

MAPLE,  Acer  saccharinum — m.  Ground,  Heu- 
chera  cortusa. 

31ARAIS,  Marsh. 

MARANTA  ARUNDINACEA,  Arrow-root. 

Maran'ta  Galan'ga,  Alpi'nia  galan'ga,  Amo'- 
mum  galanga,  Galangn.  The  smaller  galan'gal. 
Two  kinds  of  galangal  are  mentioned  in  the 
pharmacopoeias  ;  the  greater,  obtained  from 
Kmmpferia  galanga,  and  the  smaller,  from  the 
root  of  Maranta  galanga.  The  dried  root  is 
brought  from  China,  in  pieces,  from  one  to  two 
inches  in  length,  but  scarcely  half  as  thick ; 
branched;  full  of  knots  and  joints,  with  several 
circular  rings,  of  a  reddish  brown  colour,  on  the 
outside,  and  brownish  within.  It  was  formerly 
much  used  as  a  warm  stomachic  bitter,  and  gene- 
rally ordered  in  bitter  infusions. 

MARASCHINO,  see  Spirit. 

MARASMOP'YRA,  Febris  marasmo'des,  from 
fiai>a(T]jiog,  'marasmus,'  and  Trup,  'fever.'  Pever 
of  emaciation  in  general.     Hectic  fever. 

MARASMUS,  Atrophy — m.  Lactantium,  Peb- 
datrophia — m.  Phthisis,  Phthisis  pulmonalis. 

Marasmus  Seni'lis,  Tabes  senum,  Geronta- 
troph'ia.     Progressive  atrophy  of  the  aged. 

Marasmus  Tabes,  Tabes — m.  Tabes  dorsalis. 
Tabes  dorsalis. 

MARATHRI'TES,  from  napa&pov,  'fennel.' 
Wine  impregnated  with  fennel. 

MARATHROPHYLLUM,  Peucedanum. 

MARATHRUM,  Anethum— m.  Sylvestre,  Peu- 
cedanum. 

MARAUGIA,  Metamorphopsia. 

MARBLE,  Marmor. 

MARBRE,  Marmor. 

31  ARC,  Magma. 

MARCASITA,  Bismuth— m.  Alba,  Bismuth, 
snbnitrate  of — m.  Plumbea,  Antimonium. 

MARCASITA  MAGISTERIUM,  Bismuth, 
subnitrate  of. 

MARCHAX'TIA  POLYMOR'PHA,  31.  stel- 
la'ta  seu  -umbella'ta,  Hepat'ica  fonta'na.  Lichen 
stella'tus,  Jecora'ria,  Liv'erioort,  (F.)  SSpatiqite 
des  fontaines.  This  plant  is  mildly  pungent  and 
bitter.  It  is  recommended  as  aperient,  resolvent, 
and  antiscorbutic;  and  is  used  in  diseasedliver,  &c. 

3IARCHE  LA,  Walking. 

MARCHIO'NIS  PULVIS,  Powder  of  the  3Iar. 
qvis.  A  powder,  formerly  considered  to  be  anti- 
epileptic  ;  and  composed  of  3Iale paoni/  root,  3Iia- 
tletoe,  Ivory  shavings,  Horn  of  the  hoof  of  the  stag, 
Spodium,  Tooth  of  the  monodon,  coral,  <fec. 

MARCORES,  Atrophy,  Emaciation. 

MARCORY,  Stillingia. 

MAREOAGEUX,  Elodes. 


3TARE0,  Puna. 

MARE'S  TAIL,  Hippuris  vulgaris. 

MARGA  CAN'DIDA,  Lac  lu'icp..  An  ancient 
name  for  a  variety  of  spongy,  white,  friable  mari, 
which  was  employed  as  an  astringent  and  refri- 
gerant. 

MARGARETIZZA,  Scherlievo. 

MARGARITA,  Pearl. 

MARGARITA'CEOUS,  3Targarita'eem,  Na'- 
creous,  (F.)  Nacre;  from  3Iargarita,  'pearl,  mo- 
ther of  pearl.'  Resembling,  or  of  the  nature  of, 
mother  of  pearl,  —  as  Leuco'ma  3Iargarita' cewn ; 
Pearl-like  leucoma. 

MARGARON,  Pearl. 

MARGELIS,  Pearl. 

MARGELLIUM,  Pearl. 

31 A  E  GIN  I-  S  US-  SOAP  ULO-TRO  CHITE- 
RIEN,  Teres  minor. 

MARGO,  Bord — m.  Dentatus,  see  Retina  —  m. 
Orbitalis,  see  Orbit. 

3IARGUER1TE  PETITE,  Bellis— m.  det 
Pres,  qratule,  Chrysanthemum  leucantbemum. 

MA'RIENBAD,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Celebrated  springs  in  Bohemia.  The  Kreuzbrunn 
contains  sulphate  of  soda,  carbonate  of  ii'on,  and 
carbonic  acid. 

MARIGOLD,  DIAMOND  FIG,  Mesembryan- 
themum  crystallinum  —  m.  Garden,  Calendula 
officinalis  —  m.  Single,  Calendula  officinalis — m. 
Wild,  Calendula  arvensis. 

MARIOTTE,  EXPERIMENT  OF.  A  cele- 
brated  experiment  of  the  Abbe  Mariotte,  which 
consists  in  placing  two  small  round  spots  on  a 
wall  at  some  distance  from  each  other,  stand- 
ing opposite  the  left-hand  object,  and  looking  at 
it  with  the  right  eye,  the  left  being  closed.  By 
walking  backwards,  until  the  distance  from  the 
object  is  about  five  times  as  great  as  the  distance 
between  the  two  objects,  the  latter  will  be  found 
to  disappear.  Mariotte  and,  after  him,  many 
ophthalmologists,  inferred  that  the  optic  nerve, 
on  which  the  ray  doubtless  falls  in  this  experi- 
ment, is  insensible ;  and  hence  that  the  choroid 
may  be  the  seat  of  vision, — not  the  retina.  The 
inference  is  illogical;  for  it  doubtless  falls  on  the 
part  of  the  optic  nerve  where  the  central  artery 
enters,  and  the  central  vein  leaves  the  eyeball, 
and  where  there  is  necessarily  no  neurine. 

MARIS,  fiaptg.  Ancient  name  of  a  measure, 
containing  83  pints  and  4  ounces. 

MARISCA,  Ficus,  Heemorrhois. 

3IARJ0LAINE,  Origanum  majorana. 

MARJORAM,  COMMON,  Origanum— m.Wild, 
Origanum — m.  Sweet,  Origanum  majorana. 

MARJORANA,  Origanum  majorana — m.  Man- 
curana,  Origanum. 

MARMALADE,  Marmelade. 

MARMARYGE,  see  Metamorphopsia. 

MARMARYGO'DES,  'brilliant.'  An  epithet, 
joined  particularly  to  the  word  o(p^a\p.os,  to  indi- 
cate a  brilliant  eye,  a  flashing  eye.  An  eye 
which  transmits  the  image  of  imaginary  objects. 
See  Metamorphopsia. 

MAR'MELADE,     3Iarmela'da,     3Iarmela'ta, 
3Iarmalade,    3Iiva.      Parts    of  vegetables,  con 
fected  with  sugar,  and  reduced  to  a  pultacecwa 
consistence. 

Marmelade  of  Apricots.  A  marmelade, 
prepared  with  two  parts  of  ripe  apricots  deprived 
of  their  stones,  and  one  part  of  white  sugar. 

Marmelade  of  Fernel,  M.  of  Tronchin. 

Marmelade  of  Tronchin,  or  of  Fernel.  A 
kind  of  thick  looeh,  of  an  agreeable  taste,  pre- 
pared with  tico  ounces  of  oil  of  sioeet  almonds,  as 
much  syrup  of  violets,  manna  in  tears,  very  fresh 
j3u?j)  of  cassia,  16  grains  of  gum  tragacanth,  4iid 


MARMELATA 


540 


MASLACH 


tiro  draclims  of  orange  flower  water.  It  is  used 
as  a  laxative,  demulcent,  and  pectoral. 

MARMELATA,  Marmelade. 

MARMOR,  Marhle,  Calais  Car'honas  durus, 
(F.)  Blarhre,  White  granular  carbonate  of  lime. 
Used  in  pharmacy  for  the  preparation  of  a  pure 
lime,  and  the  disengagement  of  carbonic  acid. 

MARMORATA  AURIUM,  Cerumen. 

MARMORYGE,  see  Metamorphopsia — m.Hip- 
pocratis,  Ilemiopia. 

MAROUTE,  Anthemis  eotula. 

MAR'RIOTT,  DRY  VOMIT  OF.  This  once 
celebrated  emetic,  called  dry,  from  its  being  ex- 
hibited without  drink,  consisted  of  equal  portions 
of  tartarized  antimony  and  stdphate  of  copper. 

3IABB0NIEB  D'INBE,  iEsculus  Hippocas- 
tanum. 

MARROW,  My'elos,  MeduVla,  M.ossium,  Med'- 
ullary  Juice,  Axim' gia  de  Mum' ia,  Sax.  merj,,  (F.) 
Jloelle,  Sue  medullaire.  The  oily,  inflammable, 
whitish  or  yellowish  juice,  which  iills  the  medul- 
lary canal  of  the  long  bones,  the  cancellated 
structure  at  the  extremities  of  those  bones,  the 
diploe  of  flat  bones,  and  the  interior  of  short 
bones.  The  marrow  is  furnished  by  the  exhala- 
tion of  the  medullary  membrane.  It  is  fluid 
during  life,  and  appears  under  the  form  of  small 
points  or  brilliant  grains  after  death.  It  is  en- 
veloped in  the  medullary  membrane. 

Marrow,  Spinal,  Medulla  spinalis  —  m.  Ver- 
tebral, Medulla  spinalis. 

MARRVBE  BLANC,  Marrubium  — m.  iVoiV, 
Ballota  foetida. 

MARRU'BIUM,  Marriibium  vulga're  seu  al- 
bum seu  Oerman'icum  seu  apidum,  Pra'sium, 
Phrasum,  Horehound,  (F. )  Marruhe  hlanc.  The 
leaves  have  a  moderately  strong,  aromatic  smell; 
and  a  very  bitter,  penetrating,  diflFusive,  and  du- 
rable taste.  It  has  often  been  given  in  coughs 
and  asthmas,  united  with  sugar.  Dose,  5SS  to  5J> 
in  infusion ;  dose  of  extract,  gr.  x  to  gss. 

Ford's  Balsam  of  Horehound,  is  made  as 
follows  :  —  horeJiound,  liquorice  root,  aa  tbiij  and 
^viij  ;  water,  q.  s.  to  strain  ftivj.  Infuse.  To 
the  strained  liquor  add  : — proof  spirit  or  brandy, 
R)12  ;  camphor,  ^j  and  ^'j  j  opium  and  benjamin, 
aa  ^j  ;  dried  squills,  gij  ;  oil  of  aniseed,  ^j  ; 
honey,  Ibiij  and  ^^"J- — Gray.     It  is  pectoral. 

Marrubium,  Leonurus  cardiaca  —  m.  Album, 
Marrubium — m.  Apulum,  Marrubium — m.  Ger- 
manicum,  Marrubium  —  m.  Nigrum,  Ballota  foe- 
tida— m.  Vulgare,  Marrubium. 

MARS,  Ferrum — m.  Solubilis,  Ferrum  tartari- 
Eatum. 

MARSEILLES,  (CLIMATE  OF.)  The  re- 
marks made  upon  the  climate  of  Montpelier  ap- 
ply even  in  greater  force  to  that  of  Marseilles. 
It  possesses  all  the  objectionable  qualities  of  the 
climate  of  southeastern  France. 

MARSH,  Limne,  Helos,  Pains,  Sax.  mexTC, 
(F. )  Marais.  Marshy  districts  give  off  emana- 
nations,  which  are  the  fruitful  source  of  disease 
and  the  cause  of  great  insalubrity  in  many  coun- 
tries. The  chief  disease,  occasioned  by  the  mala- 
ria or  miasm,  is  intermittent  fever.  Hence  it  be- 
comes important  to  drain  such  regions,  if  practi- 
cable. Some  marshy  countries  are  not  so  liable 
10  phthisis  pulmonalis,  and  it  has  been  found, 
that  where  intermittents  have  been  got  rid  of  by 
draining,  consumption  has,  at  times,  become  fre- 
quent. The  most  unhealthy  periods  for  resi- 
dence in  a  marshy  district  are  during  the  exist- 
ence of  the  summer  and  autumnal  heats;  at 
Tvhich  times  the  water  becomes  evaporated,  and 
the  marshy  bottom  is  more  or  less  exposed  to  the 
eun's  ray„.  This  postulatum  seems  necessary  for 
the  production  cf  the  miasmata :  for  whilst  the 


marsh  is  well  covered  with  water,  no  miasm  M 

given  off. 

Marsh  Poison,  Miasm  (marsh)  —  m.  Mallow^^ 
Althaea — m.  Root,  Statice  Caroliniana — m.  Tea, 
Ledum  palustre. 

MARSHALL'S  CERATE,  see  Cerate,  Mar- 
shall's. 

MARSHY,  Elodes. 

MARSIPIUM,  Marsupion. 

MARSUM,  Mar'sium,  Mar'sicnm.  An  ancient 
wine  of  Marsia,  in  Italy,  which  was  used  as  an 
astringent  in  certain  diseases  of  the  mouth. 

MARSUPIAL,  see  Marsupion. 

MARSUPIALIS,  Ischio-trochanterianus,  Ob- 
turator internus. 

MARSUPIATE,  see  Marsupion. 

MARSU'PION,  Marsyp'ion,  2Iarsip'pon,  3[ar- 
su'pium,  Marsip'inm,  Sac'cidus.  A  sac  or  bag, 
with  which  any  part  is  fomented.  Also,  the  ab- 
dominal pouch  in  the  kangaroo,  opossum,  <fee., 
into  which  the  young,  born  at  a  very  early  stage 
of  development,  are  received  and  nourished  with 
milk  secreted  from  glands  which  open  into  the 
pouches.  Such  animals  are  termed  3Iarsu'pial, 
JIarsu'piate,  3fars}ij)ia'lia.     See  Generation. 

MARSUPIUM,  Scrotum  —  m.  Musculosum, 
Dartos. 

MARSYPION,  Marsupion. 

3IABTEAV,  Malleus. 

MARTIAL,  Chalybeate. 

MARTIALIS,  Chalybeate. 

MARTIANA  POMA,  see  Citrus  aurantium. 

MARTIA'TUM  UNGUEN'TUM,  (F.)  On- 
guent  de  Soldat,  Soldier's  ointment.  This  was 
composed  of  bay  berries,  rue,  marjoram,  mint,  sage, 
wormicood,  basil,  olive  oil,  yelUtw  toax,  and  3Ia- 
laga  icine.  It  was  invented  by  Martian  ;  and  was 
employed  by  soldiers  as  a  preservative  against 
cold. 

MARTIS  LIMATURA,  Ferri  limatura. 

MARUM  CORTUSI,  Teucrium  marum  — m 
Creticum,  Teucrium  marum — m.  Syriacum,  Teu- 
crium marum  —  m.  Verum,  Teucrium  marum  — 
m.  Vulgare,  Thymus  mastichin'&. 

MAS,  Male,  Modiolus. 

MASCARPIO,  Masturbator. 

MASCHALE,  Axilla. 

MASCHALI^US,  Axillary. 

MASCHALIATRI'A,  from  ixaa)(^alv,  'the 
axilla,'  and  tarpeta,  '  healing.'  Treatment  of  dis- 
ease by  applications  made  to  the  axilla. 

MASCHALIS,  Axilla. 

MASCHALISTER,  Axis. 

MASCHALON'CUS,  3fa8cJialopa'nus,  from 
)ia(yx^a\ri,  'the  axilla,'  and  oyKog,  'a  tumour.'  A 
tumour  or  bubo  or  swelling  in  the  axilla. 

MASCHALOPANUS,  Masehaloncus. 

MASCULA,  Tribade. 

MASCULUS,  Male. 

MASESIS,  Mastication. 

3IASHUA,  (S.)  A  tuberous  root,  of  a  flat, 
pyramidal  shape,  which  is  cultivated  and  cooked 
like  the  potato  by  the  Serranos  of  Peru.  It  is 
watery  and  insipid,  but  nevertheless  is  much 
eaten  by  them.  The  Indians  use  the  mashua  as 
a  medicine  in  dropsy,  dyspepsia,  and  dysentery. 
The  plant  is  unknown  to  botanists.  —  Tsehudi. 

MASK,  Larva,  (F.)  3fasque.  A  bandage  ap- 
plied over  the  face,  as  a  sort  of  mask,  in  cases 
of  burns,  scalds,  or  er3'sipelas.  It  serves  to  pre- 
serve the  parts  from  the  contact  of  air,  and  to 
retain  topical  applications  in  situ.  It  is  made  of 
a  piece  of  lineu,  of  the  size  of  the  face,  in  which 
apertures  are  made  corresponding  to  the  eyes, 
nose,  and  mouth,  and  which  is  fixed  by  means 
of  strings  stitched  to  the  four  angles. 

MASLACH,   3Io8lich,   Am'phion,   An'Jion.    A 


MASQUE 


541 


MASTOIDEUS 


medicine  much  used  by  the  Turks,  and  znto  the 
composition  of  which  opium  enters.  It  is  ex- 
citant. 

3IASQUE,  Mask. 

MASS,  fia^a,  Maza,  Massa,  from  ixacdio,  'I 
mix.'  The  compound,  from  which  pills  have  to 
be  formed. 

MASSA,  Mass  —  m.  Carnea  Jacobi  Sylvii,  see 
Flexor  longus  digitorum  pedis  profundus  perfo- 
rans  —  m.  de  Dactylis,  Paste,  date  —  m.  de  Ex- 
tracto  glycyrrhizae,  Pasta  glycyrrhiza,  &c.  —  m. 
de  Gummi  Arabico,  Paste,  marshmallow  —  m.  de 
Zizyphorum  fructu.  Paste  of  jujubes. 

MASSAGE,  Shampooing. 

MASSE  D'EAU,  Typha  latifolia. 

MASSEMA,  Mastication. 

MASSEMENT,  Shampooing. 

MASSES  APOPHYSAIRES,  see  Vertebrae. 

MASSESrS,  Mastication. 

MASSE'TER,  from  ^aaaofxai,  '1  eat,'  'I  chew.' 
Mus'culus  mandihida'ris,  (F.)  Zygomato-maxil- 
laire.  A  muscle  situate  at  the  posterior  part  of 
the  cheek,  and  lying  upon  the  ramus  of  the  lower 
jaw-bone.  It  is  long,  quadrilateral,  and  is  at- 
tached, above,  to  the  inferior  edge  and  to  the 
inner  surface  of  the  zygomatic  arch ;  beloio,  it 
terminates  at  the  angle  of  the  jaw,  and  at  the 
outer  surface  and  inferior  margin  of  the  ramus 
of  that  bone.  It  is  composed  of  an  intermixture 
of  fleshy  and  aponeurotic  fibres.  Its  office  is  to 
raise  the  lower  jaw,  and  to  act  in  mastication. 

Masseteb  Internus,  Pterygoideus  internus. 

MASSETER'IC,  Mas'seterine,  Masseter'icus, 
Masseteri'nus.  Relating  or  belonging  to  the  mas- 
gflfpT"  Tnuscl©. 

MASSETERINE  ARTERY  arises  from  the 
trunk  of  the  internal  maxillary  or  temporalis 
profunda  posterior,  and  is  distributed  to  the  mas- 
seter  muscle,  after  having  passed,  horizontally, 
through  the  sigmoid  notch  of  the  lower  jaw-bone. 

Masseterine  Nerve  is  given  oif  from  the 
inferior  maxillary  branch  of  the  fifth  pair.  It 
passes  through  the  sigmoid  notch,  and  is  distri- 
buted on  the  inner  surface  of  the  masseter.  In 
luxation  of  the  lower  jaw,  this  nerve  is  strongly 
stretched,  and  considerable  pain,  consequently, 
produced. 

Masseteeine  Vein  has  the  same  distribution 
as  the  artery.  It  opens  into  the  internal  maxil- 
lary vein. 

MASSBTERINUS,  Masseteric. 

MASSETTE,  Typha  latifolia. 

MASSICOT,  Plumbi  oxydum  semivitreum. 

MASSING,  Shampooing. 

MASSULA,  Molecule. 

MASTADENITIS,  Mastitis, 

MASTALGIA,  Mastodynia. 

MASTAX,  Mystax. 

MASTEMA,  Masticatory. 

MASTER  OF  THE  WOODS,  Galium  circee- 
zans. 

MASTERAVORT,  Angelica  atropurpurea,  He- 
racleum  lanatum,  Imperatoria. 

MASTESIS,  Mastication. 

MASTHELCOSIS,  Mastodynia  apostematosa. 

MASTHOS,  Mamma. 

MASTICA'TION,  Mastka'tio,  Mase'ais,  3Ias- 
ee'sis,  Masse'ma,  Maste'sis,  Manduca'tio,  Oom- 
mandiwa'tio,  Manduca'tion,  from  fiaari'x^aij),  'I 
chew.'  The  action  of  chewing  or  bruising  food, 
to  prepare  it  for  the  digestion  it  has  to  undergo 
in  the  stomach.  This  is  executed  by  the  joint 
action  of  the  tongue,  cheeks,  and  lips,  which  push 
the  alimentary  substance  between  the  teeth;  and 
by  the  motions  of  the  lower  jaw  it  is  cut,  torn,  or 
bruised. 

MAS'TICATORY,  Maaticato'rium,  Maste'ma, 
Diamaate' ma.     Same   etymon.     Chewing.     Re- 


lating or  appertaining  to  mastication  or  cnewing. 
Also,  a  substance,  chewed  with  the  intention  of 
exciting  the  secretion  of  saliva. 

Masticatory  Nerve,  see  Trigemini. 

MASTICH,  see  Pistacia  lentiscus  —  m.  Herb, 
common.  Thymus  mastichina — m.  Herb,  Syrian, 
Teucrium  marum  —  m.  Tree,  Pistacia  lentiscus. 

MASTICHINA  GALLORUM,  Thymus  mas- 
tichina. 

MASTIGODES  HOMINIS,  Trichocephalus. 

MASTIGO'SIS,  Flagella'tio.  Flagellation, 
scourging;  employed  by  the  ancients  as  a  remedy 
in  many  diseases. 

MASTI'TIS,  MastoVtis,  Mazoi'tis,  Infamma'. 
tio  MammcB,  Mastadeni'tis,  (F.)  Inflammation  dea 
Mamelles,  from  jxacTos,  'the  breast,'  and  ■itis,  de- 
noting inflammation.  Inflammation  of  the  breast. 
Inflammation  of  the  mammary  gland  of  the  preg- 
nant or  parturient  female  is  vulgarly  called  a 
jceed,  and  a  weed  in  the  breast. 

Mastitis  Apostematosa,  Mastodynia  aposte- 
matosa. 

Mastitis  Pueepera'lis.  Inflammation  of  the 
mamma  in  the  childbed  woman. 

MASTIX,  see  Pistacia  lentiscus. 

MASTODES,  Mastoid. 

MASTODYN'IA,  Masfal'gia,  Mazodyn'ia, 
from  jxaaro;,  'the  breast,'  and  ohwrj,  'pain.'  Pain 
in  the  breasts;  a  form  of  neuralgia.  See  Neu- 
ralgia mammae. 

Mastodyn'ta  Apostemato'sa,  PTileg'mone 
MammoB,  Masthelco'sis,  Masti'tis  apostemato'sa, 
Galactaposte'  ma,  Galactoinastoparecto'ma,  Ab- 
aces'sus  Mammm,  A.  lac'teus,  Pkhg'mone  Masto- 
dyn'ia,  Abscess  of  the  Breast,  Mam'mary  Abscess, 
3Iilk-abscess.  Phlegmonous  inflammation  of  the 
breasts,  running  on  to  suppuration,  generally  in 
the  childbed  female.  It  is  one  of  the  best  ex- 
amples of  acute  phlegmonous  inflammation,  and 
requires  the  active  use  of  appropriate  treatment. 

Mastodynia  Polygala,  Sparganosis — m.  Po- 
lygala,  Mastospargosis. 

MASTOID,  MastoVdes,  Masto'des,  dlasto'ideiis, 
3fammiUa'ria,Papil'li-&u-tmainm.illi-formis,Mam- 
miform'is,  3Iam'miform,  from  jxaarog,  '  a  breast,' 
and  cL&os,  'form,  resemblance.'  Having  the  form 
of  a  nipple.  Also,  that  which  relates  to  the  mas- 
toid process,  3IastoV deus. 

Mastoid  Aperture  : — the  opening  of  commu- 
nication between  the  cavity  of  the  tympanum 
and  the  mastoid  cells. 

Mastoid  Cells,  Antrum  mastoVdeum,  3fas- 
toid  Sinuses.  These  are  situate  in  the  mastoid 
process;  communicate  with  each  other,  and  open 
into  the  cavity  of  the  tympanum.  Their  use 
seems  to  be  to  increase  the  intensity  of  sound. 

Mastoid  Foramen  is  situate  behind  the  mas- 
toid process,  and  gives  passage  to  a  small  artery 
of  the  dura  mater,  as  well  as  to  a  vein  which 
opens  into  the  lateral  sinus. 

Mastoid  Fossa,  (F.)  Gouttiere  masfo'idienne, 
is  a  depression  at  the  inner  surface  of  the  mastoid 
portion  of  the  temporal  bone,  which  forms  part 
of  the  lateral  sinus. 

Mastoid  or  Digastric  Groove,  (F.)  Rainure 
mastoidienne  ou  digastriqiie,  is  a  groove,  situate 
at  the  inner  side  of  the  mastoid  process,  which 
affords  attachment  to  the  posterior  belly  of  the 
digastric  muscle. 

Mastoid  Muscle,  Posterior,  Splenius. 

Mastoid  or  Mam'miform  or  Mam'millary 
Process,  Pars  mastoidea,  is  situate  at  the  infe- 
rior and  posterior  part  of  the  temporal  bone,  and 
giv,§s  attachment  to  the  digastric  and  mastoid 
muscles. 

MASTOIDEUS,  Sterno-cleido-mastoideus—ni. 
Lateralis,  Ccmplexus  minor. 


MASTOID  0-  CONCHINIEN 


542 


MATLOCK 


_  MASTOiDO-CONCHINIEN,  Retrahens  au- 
ris-— TO.  Genien,  Digastricus  —  w.  Hyogenien,  Di- 
gastricus  —  m.  Oriculaire,  Retrahens  auris. 

MASTON'CUS,  Thelon'cug,  from  ytacTog,  'the 
breast,'  and  oyKog,  '  a  tumour.'  A  tumefaction 
of  the  nipple,  or  of  the  breast  itself. 

Mastoxcus  Polygalacticus,  Mastospargosis. 

MASTOPATHI'A,  from  ^iaarog,  'the  breast,' 
and  TTados,  '  disease.'     An  afiFection  of  the  breast. 

MASTORRHAG"IA,  from  ixaaTog, '  the  breast,' 
and  pnyvviit,  '  to  flow.'     An  unusual  flow  of  milk. 

MASTOS,  Mamma. 

MASTOSPARGO'SIS,  Maatodyn'ia  polyg'ala, 
Mcmton' cii^  polygalac'  ticus,  from  jiaarc;,  'the 
breast/  and  a^rapyam,  'I  am  full  to  bursting.'  Ful- 
ness of  the  breasts  with  milk,  so  that  they  are 
ready  to  burst. 

MASTRUPATIO,  Masturbation. 

MASTURBA'TIOX,  Cince'dia,  Gar'gale,  Gar'- 
galus,  Gargalin'mus,  Mastupra'tio,  Ifanustupra'- 
tio,  Manstupra'tio,  from  manus,  '  the  hand,'  and 
atvjyro,  '  I  ravish ;'  Ona'nia,  On'anism,  ^Edoeo- 
gargaria'nnis,  ^doeogar'galus,  Anaplas'mu8,  Gau'- 
dia  fceda,  Ducl'io  prapti'tii,  Vol' untary  Pollu'- 
tion,  Self  Pollution,  Self-abuse,  (F.)  Abus  de  soi- 
meme,  Attouchement.  Excitement  of  the  genital 
organs  by  the  hand. 

MASTURBA'TOR,  IfasUipra' tor,  Manusiu- 
pra'tor,  Mascar'pio  :  same  etymon.  One  given 
to  masturbation. 

MASTUS,  Mamma, 

3rAT,  (F.)  Dull. 

MAT  SON,  (F.)  A  dull  sound.  The  obscure 
Boise,  afforded  in  certain  diseases  when  any  part, 
as  the  chest,  is  percussed.  It  has  been  compared 
to  that  produced  when  the  thigh  is  struck.  It  is 
opposed  to  the  So7i  clair,  or  'clear  sound.' 

MATE,  see  Ilex  Paraguensis. 

MATER.  Uterus  —  m.  Dura,  Dura  mater — m. 
Herbarum,  Artemisia  Tulgaris  — m.  Metallorum, 
Hydrargyrum — m.  Mollis,  Pia  mater — m.  Perla- 
rum,  see  Pearl — m.  Pia,  Pia  mater — m.  Secalis, 
Ergot  —  m.  Tenuis,  Pia  mater. 

MATERIA,  Matter  — m.  Fibrosa,  Fibrin. 

Mate'ria  Med'ica,  Pharmacolog"ia,  Pharmn- 
ccl'ogy,  Acol'ogij  or  Akol'ogy  or  Aceolng"ia,  Hyle 
latrice,  Ianiatolog"ia,  lamatoV ogy ,  (F.)  Matiere 
Medieale.  The  division  of  medical  science  which 
treat-s  of  the  knowledge  of  medicines ;  their  action 
on  the  animal  economy,  and  mode  of  administra- 
tion. The  study  of  the  Materia  Medica  is  one  of 
great  importance; — it  is  a  study  of  the  tools  with 
which  the  practitioner  has  to  work  in  the  cure 
of  disease.  Much  labour  has  been  spent  in  con- 
triving classifications  of  the  Materia  Medica. 
Some  have  arranged  the  articles  according  to 
their  natural  resemblances;  others,  according  to 
their  real  or  presumed  virtues:  others,  according 
to  their  active  constituent  principles.  The  Phar- 
macopoeias place  them  alphabetically.  Perhaps 
the  best  classification  would  be  one  founded  on 
the  agency  exerted  by  the  articles  on  the  different 
tissues;  but  this  arrangement,  in  the  present  state 
of  science,  is  by  no  means  easy;  and,  moreover, 
ideas  in  regard  to  the  action  of  medicines  are 
fco  associated  with  certain  terras,  —  as  narcotics. 
tonics,  sedatives,  &c.,  employed  to  denote  certain 
operations,  which  they  are  esteemed  capable  of 
])roducing,  that,  to  abandon  them,  would  be  to 
throw  obstacles  in  the  way  of  the  student,  with- 
out the  ultimate  advantage  accruing  to  him  of 
possessing  a  better  knowledge  of  the  modva  ope- 
randi of  medicines  than  when  a  classificatien, 
Bomewhat  resembling  those  usually  embraced^  is 
adopted. 

The  following  is  the  classification  adopted  by 


the  Author,  in  his  "General  Therapeutics  and 
Materia  Medica,"  4th  edit.,  Philad.,  1850: — 

1.  Agents  that  affect  pro-  (  Emetics, 
minently  the  alimentary  ca--!  Cathartics, 
nal  or  its  contents,  (  AnthelminticB. 

2.  Agents  that  affect  pro-  C 

minently  the  respiratory  or- 1  Expectorants. 
gan.s,  ( 

r  Errhines, 

3.  Agents  that  affect  pro-  |  Sialogogues, 
minently   the    follicular    or -I  Diuretics, 
glandular  organs,  Antilithics, 

[  Diaphoretics. 

4.  Agents  that  affect  pro-  (  Narcotics, 
minently   the   nervous    sys-  <  Tetanies, 

tem,  (^  Antispasmodics. 

5.  Agents  that  affect  pro-  (  t, 

minently  the  organs   of  re- -^  Emmenagogue., 
production,  |  Parturifacients, 

f  Excitants, 
Tonics, 

6.  Agents  that   affect  va-     Astringents, 
rious  organs,  \i^{S^, 

Revellents, 
[  Eutrophics. 

7.  Agents  whose  action  is  f  '^°?^,^?'^^. 
prominently  chemical,  1  A^talk^ lies 

^  •'  '  (^  Disinfectants. 

8.  Agents  whose  action  is  (  Demulcents, 
prominently  mechanical,         [  Diluents. 

Of  old,  the  Materia  Medica  consisted  of  more 
articles  than  at  present.  The  tendency,  indeed, 
is,  and  must  be,  to  diminish  it  still  further:  to 
get  rid  of  those  articles  which  possess  no  advan- 
tages over  others  equally  common,  or  whose  pro- 
perties are  doubtful.  In  a  dictionary,  it  becuriiCs 
necessary  to  insert  all  that  have  been  reputed  to 
possess  virtues;  but  the  majority  are  unneccf^- 
sary.  The  catalogue  might  be  largely  reduced, 
with  impunity. 

Materia  Medica,  Dynamical,  Pharmacody- 
namics. 

Materia  Morbo'sa,  M.  Peccans,  3fate'rie> 
Morbi.  Morbid  matter.  The  matter  or  matcriiil 
which  is  the  cause  of  disease. 

Materia  Ossea,  Terra  Ossea  —  m.  Peccang, 
M.  Morbosa  —  m.  Salina,  see  Saliva  —  m.  TcEtar- 
cea  dentiura,  see  Tooth  —  m.  Urinosa,  Urea. 

MATERIALISTA,  Druggist. 

MA  TERIA  UX IMMEDIA  TS,  Principles,  im- 
mediate. 

MATERIES,  Matter— m.  Morbi,  Materia  mor- 
bosa. 

MATHEWS  PILLS,  Pilulee  ex  helleboro  et 
myrrha, 

MA'TIAS.  The  bark  of  a  South  American 
tree,  not  yet  determined.  It  is  used  in  its  native 
country  in  intermittents,  and  as  a  tonic  generally. 
Its  principal  characteristic  constituent  is  a  bitter 
resinous  matter.  It  is  probably  the  same  as  the 
Molambo  bark. 

MATI'CO,  (pronounced  matee'co,)  Yerha  dtt 
Soldado,  or  Soldier's  weed.  A  South  American 
herb  —  Piper  angustifolinm,  Artan'the  elonga'ta 
- — which  is  possessed  of  astringent  virtues,  and  is 
used  both  internally  and  externally.  It  is  given 
in  infusion  made  of  one  ounce  of  the  leaves  to  a 
pint  of  boiling  water,  of  which  the  dose  is  f.^iss, 
or  in  tincture,  made  of  3iis3  of  the  leaves  to  a 
pint  of  dilute  alcohol. 

MATIEBE,  Matter  — m.  CerHbriforme,  Enee- 
phaloid  —  m.  Extractive  dn  Bouillon,  Osm.a/.ouie 
—  m.  Medicnle,  Materia  Medica  —  m.  Pcrlee  de 
Kerkring,  Antimonium  diaphoreticum  —  m.  Pul- 
n}onaire  noire,  see  Pulmo. 

MATLOCK,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Mat- 
lock is  a  village  in  Derbyshire,  England,  at  which 


MATONIA 


543 


MAXILLARY 


Ibere  is  a  mineral  spring  of  the  acidulous  class. 
Temperature  66°.  It  differs  but  little,  except  in 
temperature,  from  good  spring-water.  It  is  ge- 
nerally used  as  a  tepid  bath. 

MATONIA  CARDAMOMUM,  Amomum  car- 
damomum. 

MATORIUM,  Ammoniac,  gum. 

MATRACIUM,  Matrass,  Urinal. 

MATRASS,  Matra'cium.  A  glass  vessel  with 
a  long  neck ;  and  a  round,  and  sometimes  oval, 
body.  It  may  be  furnished  with  tubulures,  or 
not.  It  is  used  in  Pharmacy  for  distillation,  di- 
gestion, &c. 

MATRES  CEREBRI,  Meninges. 

MATRICAIRE,  Matricaria. 

MATRICA'LIS,  Matrica' riw,  from  matrix, 
'  the  uterus.'     Relating  to  the  uterus. 

Matricalla  are  remedies  for  diseases  of  the 
uterus. 

MATRICA'RIA,  from  matrix,  'the  womb;'  so 
called  from  its  reputed  virtues  in  affections  of 
that  organ.  Matrica'rm  Parthe'nium,  Partke'- 
nium  febrif  ugum,  Py' rethrum  partlie' nium ,  Chry- 
tanth'emum  pa)'the'nium,  Argyrochcs'ta,  Clirysoc' - 
alts,  Fever-few,  Feather-few,  Mother-wort,  (F.) 
Matricaire.  Nat.  Ord.  Compositse.  It  resembles, 
in  its  properties,  chamomile  and  tansy  ;  and,  like 
them,  has  been  esteemed  tonic,  stomachic,  resol- 
vent, emmenagogue,  vermifuge,  &c.  It  is  not 
much  used. 

Matricaria,  Anthemis  nobilis. 

Matrica'ria  Chamomil'la,  3L  Siiav'eolena, 
An'themis  vulga'ris,  Chamceme'lnm  Vulqa're,  Cha- 
momil'la nostras,  Leucan' themnm  of  Dioscorides, 
Wild  Corn,  Dog's  Cham' omile,  German  Chamo- 
mile, (F.)  Camomille  vulgaire.  It  resembles 
Matricaria  in  properties. 

Matrica'ria  Glabra'ta.  A  South  African 
plant,  known  at  the  Cape  as  Wild  Chamomile, 
has  the  same  properties  as  the  other  species  of 
matriearia, 

Matricaria  Leucanthemum,  Chrysanthemum 
Leucan themum — m.  Suaveolens,  M.  Chamomilla. 

MATRIOE,  Uterus  — OT.  Col  de  la,  Collum 
uteri. 

MATRICULATE,  from  matricida,  diminutive 
of  matrix,  '  a  roll,'  originally  '  an  army  roll  or 
register.'  One  who  is  admitted  into  a  university 
or  college,  by  enrolling  or  having  his  name  en- 
rolled on  the  register  of  the  institution.  In 
France,  prendre  inscription  means  *  to  matricu- 
late ;'  and,  in  the  university  regulations  of  that 
country,  it  is  required,  that  the  inscription  shall 
be  made  every  three  months,  until  the  termina- 
tion of  the  prescribed  period  of  study ;  the  stu- 
dent having  to  take  his  inscription  within  the 
first  fortnight  of  each  trimestre  or  of  every  three 
months,  and  to  present  himself  within  the  last 
fortnight  of  the  trimestre  to  establish  the  fact  of 
his  attendance. 

In  this  country,  it  is  only  necessary  to  matri- 
culate at  the  commencement  of  each  session. 

One  who  has  thus  enrolled  himself  in  an  insti- 
tution is  called  a  Matricidate. 

MATRISYLVA,  Asperula  odorata. 

MATRIX,  Cy  to  blastema,  Uterus — m.  Unguis, 
see  Nail. 

MATRONA,  Midwife. 

MATRONALIS,  Viola. 

MATTEE,  see  Ilex  Paraguensis. 

MATTER,  Mate'ria,  Hyle,  Mate'ries,  (F.)  Ma- 
ti'^re.  Any  substance  which  enters  into  the  com- 
position of  a  body.  In  Medicine,  it  is  sometimes 
applied  to  the  substance  of  evacuations ;  and  is 
also  used  synonvmously  with  pus. 

MATTING  OF  PARTS,  Hapantismus. 

MATULA,  Urinal. 

MATURA'TION,  Matttra'tio,  from  maturare. 


'  to  ripen.'  Pepas'mos,  Pepan'sis.  ProgTession 
of  an  abscess  towards  maturity.  The  state  of 
maturity.     Coction. 

31  A  'TUBA  TIF,  Maturati ve. 

MAT'URATIVE,  Matu'rans,  Pepanticos,  (F.) 
Maturatif.  A  medicine  which  favours  the  matu- 
ration of  an  inflammatory  tumour. 

MATURATUS,  Concocted. 

MATU'RITY,  Matu'ritas,  ITora'otes.  The 
state  of  fruits  and  seeds,  when  comparatively  de- 
veloped. State  of  an  abscess,  in  which  the  pus 
is  completely  formed. 

Maturity,  Precocious,  Prajotia. 

MAUDLIN,  Achillea  ageratum  —  m.  Tansey, 
Achillea  ageratum  —  m.  Wort,  Chrysanthemum 
leucanthemum. 

MAUVE  SAUVAGE,  Malva. 

MAUX  DE  NERFS,  Hysteria. 

MAXILLA,  Maxillary  Bone. 

MAX'ILLARY,  Maxilla'ris,  (F.)  Maxillaire, 
from  maxilla,  'a  jaw.'  Relating  or  belonging  to 
the  jaws  ;  from  /laccaoi,  '  I  chew.' 

Maxillary  Arteries  are  three  in  number. 
1.  External  maxillary.  See  Facial.  2.  Internal 
maxillary  —  A.  Guttnro-maxillaire,  (Ch.)  This 
arises  from  the  external  carotid  with  the  tempo- 
ral. It  is  remarkable  for  its  complex  course, 
and  for  the  number  of  branches  which  it  trans- 
mits to  the  deep-seated  parts  of  the  face.  Imme- 
diately after  its  origin,  it  buries  itself  under  the 
neck  of  the  lower  jaw,  curving  inwards  and  down- 
wards. It  then  advances  directly  inwards  ;  pro- 
ceeding in  the  space  between  the  two  pterygoid 
muscles  towards  the  maxillary  tuberosity.  It 
turns  again,  becomes  vertical,  and  ascends  into 
the  bottom  of  the  zygomatic  fossa,  until,  having 
arrived  at  the  floor  of  the  orbit,  it  takes  a  hori- 
zontal and  transverse  direction  ;  enters  the  sphe- 
no- maxillary  fossa,  and  divides  into  several 
branches.     See  Artery,  (table.) 

Maxillary  Bone,  Maxil'la,  Mandih'ida,  Gam'- 
phele,  Gnathiis,  Mola,  Siagon,  'jaw.'  (F.)  Ma- 
ehoire.  A  name  given  to  two  bones,  which  sup- 
port the  teeth,  and,  by  means  of  them,  are  inser- 
vient  to  the  cutting,  bruising,  and  tearing  of 
alimentary  substances. 

The  maxillary  bones  are  two  in  number. 

Maxillary  Bone,  Inferior,  Loiuer  jaw-lone, 
Os  Maxilla're  inferiiis,  Mnehoire  diacranienne, 
Maxil'la  inferior,  (F.)  Os  maxillaire,  (Ch.,)  is  a 
symmetrical,  nearly  parabolic  bone,  the  middle 
portion  of  which  is  horizontal,  and  called  the 
body ;  and  the  posterior  is  vertical,  the  angular 
portions  being  termed  Rami  or  branches.  'These 
have  behind  a  parotidean  edge,  which  forms  — 
by  uniting  with  the  base  —  the  angle  of  the  jaw. 
The  branches  terminate  above  by  two  processes 
separated  by  the  sigmoid  notch  or  fossa;  the  an- 
terior of  which  is  called  the  eoronoid;  the  post-e- 
rior,  the  condyloid  process  or  maxillary  condyle, 
supported  by  a  Cervix,  Collum,  or  Neck.  The 
chief  parts  observed  on  the  lower  jaw  are — 1. 
Externally,  —  the  Sym'physia  menti,  Apoph'ysia 
menti,  Mental  foramen,  and  the  external  oblique 
line.  2.  Internally,  —  the  Geniapoph'ysis,  the 
internal  or  Myloid  oblique  lines,  and  the  entrance 
of  the  dental  canal.  The  lower  jaw  has,  also,  an 
alveolar  edge,  which  contains  alveoli  for  the  re- 
ception of  the  teeth.  The  lower  jaw-bone  is  de- 
veloped by  two  points  of  ossification,  which  unit.e 
at  the  symphysis  of  the  chin.  It  is  articulated 
with  the  temporal  bone  and  with  the  teeth. 

Maxillary  Bone,  Superior,  Ujiper  jaio-bont, 
Maxil'la  superior,  Os  maxilla're  snpe'rius,  Max- 
il'la syncra'nia,  (F.)  Os  sus-maxillaire,  (Ch.,) 
Machoire  syneranienne.  The  upper  jaw-bores 
are  to  the  face  what  the  sphenoid  bone  is  to  the 
cranium.     They  are  articulated  with  all  the  por 


MlXILLO 


544 


MECONIUM 


tions  composing  it.  They  determine,  almost 
alone,  the  shape  of  the  face,  and  give  it  solidity. 
Their  size  is  considerable  ;  form  unequal.  They 
occupy  the  middle  and  anterior  part  of  the  face  ; 
and  enter  into  the  composition  of  the  nasal  fossae, 
orbit,  and  mouth.  The  chief  parts  observable  in 
the  upper  jaw  are  —  1.  Externally,  —  the  Nasal 
process,  (F.)  Apopliyse  montante,  the  Fora'men 
'iiifrn-orbita'riujn,  Zygomat'ic process,  Cavine  fos- 
mi,  3Iyr'tiforni  fossa.  2.  Internally,  —  the  Pal' - 
at ine  process,  Ante'rior  paVatine  canal,  and  the 
Antrum  of  Hi ghmore.  Its  circumference  is  very 
unequal,  and  it  has  behind  a  round,  unequal  pro- 
minence, called  the  Maxillary  titberosity,  which 
is  pierced  by  the  posterior  dental  canal.  Ante- 
riorly, there  is  a  notch,  which  forms  part  of  the 
anterior  aperture  of  the  nasal  fossa5,  and  beneath, 
an  eminence,  called  the  anterior  nasal  spine.  The 
lower  part  of  this  circumference  forms  the  alve- 
olar margin.  Each  superior  maxillary  bone  is 
articulated  with  the  ethmoid,  frontal,  nasal,  la- 
chrymal, palatine,  inferior,  spongy,  vomer,  its 
fellow,  the  teeth  of  the  upper  jaw,  and  sometimes 
the  sphenoid  bone.  It  is  developed  by  four  or  five 
points  of  ossification. 

Maxil-lary  Nerves  are  two  in  number,  and 
formed  of  the  second  and  third  branches  of  the 
fifth  pair.  The  Superior  Maxillary  Nerve, 
Nerf  sus-maxillaire  (Ch.),  arises  from  the  middle 
of  the  gangliform  enlargement  of  the  fifth  pair  ; 
passes  forwards,  and  issues  from  the  cranium 
through  the  foramen  rotundpm  of  the  sphenoid 
bone;  enters  the  spheno-maxillary  fossa,  which 
it  crosses  horizontally;  passes  into  the  infra- 
orbitar  canal,  which  it  traverses ;  and  makes  its 
exit  to  vanish  on  the  cheek.  It  gives  ofi'  the  fol- 
lowing branches,  —  the  orhitar,  a  branch  which 
goes  to  the  sjjJieno-palatine  ganglion;  posterior 
dental  branches;  the  anterior  dental,  —  and  ter- 
minates in  the  infra-orbitar  nerves,  which  are 
divided  into  snpterior,  inferior,  and  internal.  The 
inferior  maxillary  nerve,  Nerf  maxill aire  (Ch.),  is 
the  largest  of  the  three  branches  furnished  by  the 
fifth  pair.  It  issues  from  the  cranium  by  the 
foramen  ovale  of  the  sphenoid.  Having  reached 
the  zygomatic  fossa,  it  divides  into  two  trunks ; 
the  one  superior  and  external,  which  gives  off 
the  temporales  profundi,  masseterine,  buccal,  and 
2>terygoids ; — the  other — inferior  and  interned — 
the  larger  of  the  two,  which  furnishes  the  inferior 
dental,  lingual,  and  auricular. 

Maxillary  Veins  present  the  same  arrange- 
ment as  the  arteries  they  accompany. 

MAXILL  0  -  AL  VEOLI-  NASAL,  Depressor 
alse  nasi — m.  Lc(biul,  Depressor  anguli  oris  —  m. 
Narinal,  Compressor  naris — m.  Palpebral,  Orbi- 
cularis palpebrarum — m.  Scleroticien,  Obliquus 
inferior  oculi. 

MAY  APPLE,  Podophyllum  peltatum  — m.  a. 
Mountain,  Podophyllum  montanum — m.  Flower, 
Anthemis  cotula  —  m.  Weed,  Anthemis  cotula. 

MAYELLA,  Curcuma  longa. 

MAYNARD'S  ADHESIVE  LIQUID,  Collo- 
dion. 

MAYS,  Zea  mays — m.  Americana,  Zea  mays 
—  m.  Zea,  Zea  mays. 

MAZA,  Mass,  Placenta. 

MA'ZICUS,  from  maza,  'placenta.'  Relating 
to  the  placenta. 

MAZISCH'ESIS,  from  maza,  'the  placenta,' 
aud  (jxtaii.  'holding,'  'retention.'  Retention  of 
the  placenta. 

MAZODYNIA,  Mastodynia. 

MAZOITIS,  Mastitis. 

MAZOL'YSIS,  from  maza,  'placenta,'  and 
Avff.j,  'solution.'     Separation  of  the  placenta. 


MAZOPATHI'A,  from  maza,  'placenta,'  and 
TTadog,  '  disease.'  A  disease  of  the  placenta.  One 
originating  from  the  placenta. 

MAZOS,  Mamma. 

MEAD,  Hydromeli,  Melizomum. 

MEADOW  BLOOM,  Ranunculus  acris  — m. 
Fern,  Comptonia  asplenifolia — m.  Pride,  see  Ca- 
lumba — m.  Rue,  Thalictron — m.  Saffron,  Vinegar 
of,  Acetum  colchici — m.  Sweet,  Gillenia  trifoliata. 
Spiraea  ulmaria  —  m.  Sweet,  red,  Spiraea  tomen- 
tosa. 

MEALY  TREE,  Viburnum  dentatum. 

MEASLES,  Rubeola — m.  Black,  see  Rubeola 
— m.  False,  Roseolse — m.  French,  Roseolse. 

MEASLY,  Morbillous. 

MEASUREMENT,  Mensuration. 

MEASURING,  MEDICAL,  Mensuration. 

MEAT  BISCUIT,  see  Biscuit,  meat. 

MEAT,  EXTRACTIVE  OF,  Osmazome. 

3IEAT,  Meatus. 

MEA'TUS,  Ductus,  Cana'lia,  Poms,  (F.)  Meat. 
A  passage  or  canal. 

Meatus  Auditorius  Externus,  Auditory  ca- 
nal, external — m.  Auditorius  internus.  Auditory 
canal,  internal — m.  Csecus,  Eustachian  tube — m. 
Narium,  see  Nasal  fossae — m.  Seminales  uteri, 
Tubee  Fallopianae — m.  Seminarius,  Corpus  High- 
mori- — m.  Urinarius,  Urethra. 

MECHAMECK,  Convolvulus  panduratus— m. 
Bindweed,  Convolvulus  panduratus. 

MECHANE,  Machine. 

MECHANEMA,  Machine. 

MECHAN'ICAL,  Mechan'icus,  from  nvx'^^l- 
'  a  machine.'  An  epithet  given  to  irritating  bo- 
dies, which  do  not  act  chymically — as  a,  mechani-. 
cal  irritant. 

Mechanical  or  Iatro-mathematical  Physi- 
cians, Icitro-niechan'ici  sen  lafromatkemat'ici,  are 
such  as  refer  every  function,  healthy  or  morbid, 
to  mechanical  or  mathematical  principles ; — Me- 
dici'na  niechan'ica. 

_  MECHAN'ICS,  AN'IMAL.  Thatpart  of  phy- 
siology whose  objects  are  to  investigate  the  laws 
of  equilibrium  and  motion  of  the  animal  body. 

MECH'ANISM.  The  structure  of  a  body; 
the  collection  or  aggregate  of  the  parts  of  a  ma- 
chine ;  the  mode  in  which  forces  produce  any 
efi'ect,  &c. 

MECHE,  Tent.  This  term  is  usually  applied 
in  French  surgery  to  a  collection  of  threads  of 
charpie,  cotton  or  raw  silk  united  together,  which 
are  used  for  deterging  sinuous  or  fistulous  ulcers ; 
or  to  keep  open  or  enlarge  natural  or  artificial 
apertures.  They  are  generally  applied  by  means 
of  an  instrument  called  Porte-meche. 

MECHOACANA  nigra.  Convolvulus  jalapa 
— m.  Nigricans,  Convolvulus  jalapa. 

MECHOACANiE  RADIX,  Convolvulus  me- 
choaean. 

ME  OHO  AC  AN  BU  CANADA,  Phytolacca 
decandra. 

MECOM'ETER,  {¥ .)  3Iecometre  ;  from  unKoi, 
'length,'  and  jicrpov,  'measure.'  A  kind  of  gra- 
duated compass, — c.om2)as  de proportion, — used  at 
the  Hospice  de  Maternite  of  Paris,  to  measure 
the  length  of  new-born  infants. 

MECON,  Meconium,  Opium,  Papaver. 

MECONICUM,  Opiate. 

MECONIS'MUS,  Intoxica'tio  opia'ca ;  from 
HrjKwv,  '  the  poppy.'     Poisoning  by  opium. 

MECO'NIUM,  same  etymon.  Poppy  juice, 
Papaver'cnlnm,  Purgamen'ta  Infantis,  Mccnn, 
The  excrement  passed  by  the  infant  a  short 
time  after  birth,  which  had  accumulated  in  tlie 
intestines  during  pregnancy.  It  is  of  a  greenish 
or  deep  black  colour,  and  very  viscid.     It  seems 


MECOXOLOaiA 


515 


MEDICINA 


formed  of  tlie  mucous  geeretions  of  the  intestines 
mixed  with  bile.     See  Opium. 

MECONOLOG"IA,  Opiolog"ia;  from  /^tjkwv, 
*  a  poppy,'  and  'Xoyos,  '  a  description.'  A  treatise 
on  opium. 

MECOJfOPSIS  DIPHYLLA,  Stylophorum  di- 
phyllum. 

MEDEA,  Genital  organs. 

MEDECJN,  Physician  —  m.  Consultant,  Con- 
sulting physician. 

MEDECINE,  Medicina — m.  Expectante,  Ex- 
pectation— in.  Legale,  Medicine,  legal  —  m.  Ope- 
ratoire,  Sui-gery,  operative  —  m.  Pertwhatrice, 
Perturbatrix  (Medicina.) 

MEDELA,  Curation. 

MEDEOLA  VERTICILLIFOLIA,  M,  Virgi- 
nica. 

Mede'ola  Virgin'ica,  M.  verficHlifo'lia,  Gy- 
ro'mia  Virc/in'ica,  Indian  cu' cumber.  An  indi- 
genous herb,  growing  in  every  part  of  the  United 
States,  the  root  of  which  resembles  a  small  cu- 
cumber.    It  has  been  thought  to  be  diuretic. 

MEDIAN,  3Iedia'nu8;  from  medium,  'the  mid- 
dle.'    That  which  is  situate  in  the  middle. 

Median  Line.  A  vertical  line,  supposed  to 
divide  a  body  longitudinally  into  two  equal  parts; 
the  one  right,  the  other  left.  Chaussier  calls  the 
linea  alba  the  ligne  mediane  of  the  abdomen. 

Median  Nerve,  3Iedian  digital,  (Ch.)  This 
nerve  arises  chieflj'  from  the  anterior  branches  of 
the  last  two  cervical  nerves  and  first  dorsal.  The 
fifth  and  sixth  cervical  pairs  also  send  it  a  branch, 
which  separates  from  the  musculo -cutaneous 
nerve.  The  median  nerve  descends  the  inner 
part  of  the  arm  along  the  biceps  muscle.  Op- 
posite the  elbow  joint  it  buries  itself  behind 
the  aponeurosis  of  that  muscle,  and  engages  it- 
self between  the  two  fasciculi  of  the  pronator 
teres.  Lower  down,  it  is  situate  between  the 
flexors  —  sublimis  and  profundus  —  and  passes, 
with  their  tendons,  under  the  anterior  annular 
ligament;  it  then  divides  into  five  branches, 
which  are  distributed  to  the  muscles  of  the  the- 
nar eminence,  to  the  lumbricales,  the  integuments 
of  the  thumb,  the  index,  middle  finger,  and  outer 
part  of  the  ring  finger.  This  nerve  gives  no 
branches  to  the  arm.  In  the  forearm,  it  furnishes 
filaments  to  all  the  pronator  and  flexor  muscles; 
and  one  of  them  accompanies  the  anterior  inter- 
osseous artery.  It  also  gives  off  a  filament  to  the 
integuments  of  the  palm  of  the  hand. 

Median  Veins.  Three  of  the  superficial  veins 
of  the  forearm  are  so  called.  The  median  basilic 
— the  median  cephalic  and  common  median  or  fu- 
nis brachii.     See  Basilic  and  Cephalic. 

MEDIANUM,  Mediastinum,  Mesentery. 

MEDIAS'TINAL,  Mediastina' lis.  Relating  to 
the  Mediastinum. 

Mediastinal  Arteries  are  very  delicate  arte- 
rial branches,  distributed  in  the  areolar  texture 
of  the  mediastinum.  They  are  distinguished, 
according  to  their  situation,  into  anterior  and 
posterior. 

MEDIASTINITIS,  Mesodraitis. 

MEDIASTI'NUM,  Mediasti'nus,  quasi,  in  me- 
dio stans,  as  being  in  the  middle ;  Mesod'me,  3Ie- 
dia'num,  Mesotoe' chium,  Ifesotos'chmn,  Septum 
thora'cis,  Hi/men  Diaphrat'ton,  Membra'na  Dia- 
phratton,  3Iembra'na  thora'cem  intersejj'iens,  In- 
tersejiimen'tum,  thora'cis,  Diribito'rium,  Dissipi- 
men'tum  tJiora'cis.  A  membranous  septum  formed 
by  the  approximation  of  the  pleurae,  dividing  the 
chest  into  t^  o  parts,  the  one  right,  the  other  left. 
The  mediastinum,  formed  by  a  double  refl<»<;non 
of  the  pleura,  extends  from  the  spine  to  the  pos- 
terior surface  of  the  sternum.  Its  anterior  part, 
called  Anterior  mediastinum,  Mediastinum  pecto- 
35 


ra'le,  lodges,  at  its  upper  part,  the  thymus  gland 
in  ihe  foetus,  and  is  filled  below  with  fatty,  areo- 
lar tissue.  Its  posterior  part,  parallel  to  the 
spine,  is  occupied  by  the  oesophagus,  vena  azy- 
gos,  thoracic  duct,  the  lower  part  of  the  windpipe, 
the  origin  of  the  bronchia  and  a  number  of  lym- 
phatic glands.  This  part  is  called  the  posterior 
mediastinum — ilediastinum  dorsa'le. 

Mediastinum  Auris,  see  Tympanum — m.  Ce- 
rebri, Falx  cerebri.  Septum  lucidum — m.  Testis, 
Corpus  Highmori. 

MEDIASTINUS,  Mediastinum. 

MEDICABILIS,  Curable. 

MEDICABLE,  Curable. 

MED'IC^.  Sworn  midwives,  whose  duty  it 
was,  of  old,  to  inspect  women  in  cases  of  suspect- 
ed pregnancy. 

MED'ICAL,  Medica'lis,  liU'ricus,  PcBon'ius, 
Pceon'icns,  Phys'ical,  Escula'pian,  (F.)  lledical. 
Same  etymon  as  Medicament.  Appertaining  or 
relating  to  medicine  or  to  medicines. 

Medical  Jurisprudence,  Medicine,  legal. 

MEDICALIS,  Medicah 

MED'ICAMENT,  Medicamen'tum,  Eemed'ium, 
Ace'sis,  Aces'ma,  Acea'tium,  Aces'tys,  Althos,  Hy- 
gias'ma,  la'ma,  Acos,  Medica'men,  Phar'macum, 
Pharmaceu'ma,  Alkar,  Auxil'ium,  JBoethe'ma, 
Iled'icine,  Physic,  Rem'edy,  (F.)  Bemede ;  from 
medicare,  '  to  cure  or  heal.'  A  medicine.  Any 
substance  exhibited  with  the  view  of  curing  or 
allaying  morbid  action.  Medicines  are  obtained 
from  the  three  kingdoms  of  nature,  and  are  di- 
vided into  internal  and  external,  according  as 
they  are  administered  internally  or  applied  ex- 
ternally. 

MEDICAMENTAL,  Medicinal. 

MEDICAMENTO'SUS  LAPIS,  Medic"innl 
stone,  (F.)  Pierre  medicamentense.  A  name  for- 
merly given  to  a  mixture  of  peroxyd  of  iron,  li- 
tharge, alum,  nitre,  sal  ammoniac,  and  vinegar  : 
evaporated  and  calcined  at  a  red  heat  for  an 
hour.  The  product  was  regarded  as  eminently 
astrinsrent. 

MEDIC  AMENTUM,  Drug  — m.  ex  Palmulis, 
Diaphoenicon. 

MEDICAS'TER,  3Tedicastra.  An  ignorant 
practitioner.     A  charlatan. 

MEDICA'TION,  3Iedica'tio,  from  mederi,  '  to 
remedy.'  The  change  in  the  animal  economy 
produced  by  the  operation  of  remedies.  Treat- 
ment by  medicine. 

MEDICI'NA,  Ars  med'ica.  Res  medica,  An 
3lachao'nia,  A.  3laehaon' ica,  lat'rice,  late'ria, 
Idtri'a,  latri'ne,  Pcsos'yne,  Pceon'ice,  latrotech'- 
nice,  Acesto'ria,  Scien'tia  med'ica  seu  medendi, 
Sote'ria  docfri'na,  3fed'icine,  The  healing  art. 
Physic,  (F.)  3fedecine.  A  science,  the  object  of 
which  is  the  cure  of  disease  and  the  preservation 
of  health.  Occasionally,  it  is  used  to  comprehend 
all  the  branches  of  the  healing  art;  at  others  to 
comprise  one  great  division,  in  contradistinction 
to  surgery  and  obstetrics.  Medicine,  in  this  sense, 
includes  many  branches  ; — the  chief  of  which  are. 
Anatomy,  Physiology,  Pathology,  Therapeutics, 
Hygiene,  Materia  Medica,  and  Pharmacy. 

Medicina  Conservativa,  Hygiene— m.  Diast- 
etica.  Dietetics — m.  Eclectica,  see  Eclectic  —  m. 
Efficax,  Surgery  —  m.  Equaria,  Hippiatria  —  m. 
Euectica,  Gymnastus  —  m.  Forensis,  Medicine, 
legal — m.  Gymnastiea,  Gymnastics — m.  Herme- 
tica,  see  Spa.gyrists  —  m.  Judiciaria,  Medicine, 
legal — m.  Mechaniea,  see  Mechanical — m.  Metho- 
dica,  see  Methodists — m.  Operativa,  Surgery — m. 
Paraeelsistiea,  see  Spagyrists — m.  Perturbatrix, 
see  Perturbatrix — m.  Politica,  Police,  medical — 
m.  Sinica,  Chinese  medicine — m.  Spagyrica,  Chy- 
miatria;  see  Spagyrists — m.  State,  Police  oisdi 


MBDICINABLE 


546 


MEDULLARY 


cal — m.  Tristitia3,  Crocus — m.  Veterinaria,  Vete- 
rinary art. 

MEDICINABLE,  Medicinal. 

MEDICINAL,  Ifedioina' lis,  Ifedicament'al, 
Medic" inahle,  3{ed'ical,  later'itis,  Reme' dial,  He- 
me'diate.  Having  a  remedial  power ; — as  medi- 
cinal plants,  &c.     Relating  to  medicine,  as 

Medicina'les  Dies,  Medic"inal  days.  Days 
on  which  the  ancients  considered  that  remedies 
juight  be  administered  ;  and  especially  evacuants. 
Such  days  were  not  esteemed  critical. 

MEDICINE,  Medicament,  Medicina. 

Medicine  is,  also,  used  in  the  same  sense  as 
Medicament,  and  for  a  purging  potion. 

To  Medicine  was  formerly  used  for  "to  restore 
or  cure  by  medicine." 

Medicine,  Clinical,  see  Clinical  —  m.  Eclec- 
tic, see  Eclectic  —  m.  Empirical,  Arcanum  —  m. 
Galenic,  Galenism. 

Medicine,  Legal,  Medical  jurispru' dence  of 
some.  Law  med'icine,  Foren'sic  medicine,  Medi- 
ci'na  foren'sis,  M.  judicia'ria,  Diciatri'a,  (F.) 
Medecine  legale.  The  application  of  medical 
knowledge  to  the  solution  of  every  question  con- 
nected with  the  preservation  of  the  species,  and 
the  administration  of  justice. 

Medicine,  Patent,  see  Patent  medicine  —  m. 
Political,  Police,  medical — m.  Quack,  Arcanum. 

MEDICINIER  CATHARTIQUE,  Jatropha 
cnrcas. 

MEDICO-CHIRURG"ICAL,Jferf'tco-C^in«-'- 
gicua.  Relating  or  appertaining  to  medicine  and 
surgery; — as  ' medico-cMrurgical  society.' 

Medico-Chirurgical  Anatomy,  see  Anatomy. 

MEDICO-LEGAL,  Med'ico-hga'lis.  Relating 
to  legal  medicine;  as  *a  medico-lcffal  inquiry, 
I'liauisWio  medico-lega'lis  —  'a  medico-legal  iu- 
E^ction,'  Inspec'tio  med'ico-lega.' lis. 

MEDICO-STATISTICAL,  see  Statistics,  me- 
dical. 

MEDICUS,  Doctor,  Physician — m.  Equarius, 
Hippiater — m.  Ocularius,  Oculist — m.  Unguenta- 
rius,  latraleptes — m.  Vulnerarius,  see  Deligation 
—  m.  Veterinarius,  Hippiater  —  m.  Vulnerum, 
Surgeon. 

MEDIM'NUS,  Medim'nos,  fit^iftvog.  An  ancient 
measure,  capable  of  containing  about  4  p'ecks  and 
■6  pints. 

MEDITULLIUM,  Diploe. 

MEDIUM  MUSCULI,  see  Muscle. 

ME'DIUS,  Middle,  Median. 

Middle  Finger,  (F.)  Doigt  du  Milieu,  is  be- 
tween the  index  and  ring  finger. 

MEDLAR,  Mespilus. 

MEDO,  Hydromeli. 

MEDOBLENNORRH(EA,  Leucorrhosa. 

MEDOPtRIKEA,  Gonorrhoea — m.  Feminarum 
insons,  Leucorrhcea  —  m.  Virilis,  Gonorrhoea. 

MEDULLA,  Marrow  —  m.  Cerebri,  see  Cere- 
brum—  m.  Dorsalis,  m.  Spinalis  —  m.  Dorsualis, 
M.  Spinalis  —  m.  Nervorum,  Neurine. 

MrDUl'lA  Oblonga'ta,  Ccr'ehral  protu'be- 
nxnce.  Nervous  system  of  the  senses,  (Gall,)  Ger'- 
(ihrum  elonga'tam,  (F.)  MSsocephalc,  Moelle  al- 
long^e,  MesencSphale,  (Ch.)  The  medullary  sub- 
sUanoe  that  lies  within  the  cranium  upon  the 
hasilary  process  of  the  occipital  bone.  The  an- 
terior surface  which  rests  in  the  basilary  groove, 
la  impressed  by  the  basilary  artery.  At  the 
upper  extremity,  and  on  its  posterior  surface  are 
the  Tuhernula  qnadrigemina.  At  the  same  ex- 
tremity, the  medulla  gives  rise  to  two  prolouga- 
lions,  iha  pedanclea  of  the  hrnin,  separated  from 
each  other  by  the  mammillary  eminences,  and 
becoming  lost  in  the  optic  thalami.  The  lower 
oxtremity  is  called  the  tail  or  Eachid'ian  bulb, 
liulbu*  rachid'icits,  an  1  is  continuous  with  the 


medulla  spinalis.  It  is  to  this  part  only  that 
some  anatomists  apply  the  name  Medulla  ob- 
longata. From  the  posterior  angles  two  other 
prolongations  arise,  called  Peduncles  of  the  cere- 
bellum. The  medulla  oblongata  has  several  emi- 
nences—  the  Pons  varolii,  Corpora pyramidalia, 
C.  olivaria,  &c. — and  it  has  a  longitudinal  fissure 
before,  and  another  behind,  called  the  anterior 
and  posterior  medium  fissures.  The  vesiiular 
neurine  in  the  centre  of  the  medulla  is  the  ner- 
vous centre  of  respiration  and  deglutition  :  hence 
it  has  been  called  centrum  vitale. 

Medulla  Ossium,  Marrow  —  m.  Spinse,  M. 
spinalis. 

Medtil'la  Spina'lis  seu  Spina  seu  dorsiia'lis 
seu  dorsa'lis,  Corda  spina'lis,  Pnnis  argenteiis, 
Rhache'trum,  My'eliis,  M.  rhachi'tes  seu  notta'us 
seu  diauche'nius  sen  2)so'i'tes,  My'  elon  .Notomy'  ehis, 
Rhachi'tes,  ^on,  Medul'la  vertebra'lis,  Proces'sus 
raehidia'nus.  Sacra  fis'tida.  Spinal  prolonga'tion, 
Ver'tebral  marrow.  Spinal  cord.  Nervous  system 
of  voluntary  motion  and  tactile  impression  (Gall), 
Spinal  marrow,  (F. )  Moelle  epiniire,  Moelle  ver- 
f6brale,  called  by  Ch. ,  Prolongement  rachidien  of 
the  encephalon,  is  the  continuation  of  the  me- 
dulla oblongata.  It  commences  at  the  foramen 
magnum  of  the  occipital  bone,  and  descends  in 
the  vertebral  canal  as  low  as  the  2d  lumbar  ver- 
tebra, without  filling  it ;  presenting,  in  its  course, 
several  evident  enlargements.  It  is  grooved  on 
both  its  anterior  and  posterior  surfaces  by  a  fur- 
row, which  divides  it,  in  its  whole  length,  into 
two  great  nervous  cords,  intimately  united  with 
each  other.  It  terminates  by  an  oval  tubercle, 
whence  a  number  of  nerves  set  out  called  Cauda 
equi'na,  (F.)  Queue  de  cheval,  from  its  resem- 
blance to  a  horse's  tail.  The  spinal  marrow  ha5 
no  analogy,  as  regards  its  structure,  with  the 
marrow  of  long  bones.  It  is  formed  of  two  sub- 
stances; one  white,  the  other  gray,  presenting 
an  inverse  arrangement  to  that  which  they  have 
in  the  brain,  the  white  being  external,  the  cine- 
ritious  at  the  centre.  It  is  enveloped  by  a  yel- 
lowish, fibrous  membrane,  very  resisting,  which 
seems  to  be  continued  insensibly  from  the  pia 
mater,  and  by  two  other  membranes,  which  are 
merely  prolongations  of  the  arachnoid  and  dura 
mater.     See  Nerve. 

Medulla  Vertebralis,  M.  spinalis. 

MEDULLA,  Sperm. 

MED'ULLARY,  Medulla'ris,  from  medulla, 
'  marrow.'  Relating  to  the  marrow  or  analogous 
to  marrow. 

Medullary  Ar'teries.  The  arteries,  which 
enter  bones  and  pass  to  the  marrow. 

Medullary  Canal,  see  Canal,  medullary — 
m.  Cells,  see  Medullary  Membrane  ^ — -m.  Juice, 
Marrow  —  m.  Matter  of  the  brain,  see  Cerebrum. 

Medullary  Membrane,  Periosteum  Inter' num. 
Endos'teum.  A  vascular,  areolar  web  of  extreme 
tenuity,  which  envelops  the  marrow  and  lines  the 
inner  surface  of  the  medullary  canal  of  the  long 
bones.  This  membrane  has  been  considered  .%s 
a  species  of  internal  periosteum  of  those  bones. 
It  has  numerous  vepsels,  which  bury  themselves 
in  the  thickness  of  the  marrow;  and  others  which 
nourish  the  innermost  plates  of  the  bono.  The 
cells  formed  bj'  it  are  termed  Cel'lulcB  seu  Sac'- 
cnli  mcdulla'res. 

Mbdullary  Neurine,  see  Neurine  —  m.  S:ir- 
coma,  Encephaloid,  ILtmatodes  fungus. 

Medullary  Substance  op  the  Kidney,  pco 
Kidney  —  m.  s.  of  Schwann,  see  Nerve-fibro. 

JIedullary  Systkw.  Bichat  gives  tliis  name 
to  the  marrow  and  its  membranes.  Ho  distir. - 
guishes  two  species  of  medullary  systems;  the 
one  occupies  the  cellular  tissue  at  the  extremities 
of  the  long  bones  and  that  of  the  flat  and  short 


MEDULLITIS 


547 


MELANCHLORUS 


bones ;  the  other  is  found  merely  in  the  central 
canal  of  long  bones. 

Medullary  Tujiotjr  of  the  LtjngSj  Phthisis, 
cancerous. 

MEDULLITIS,  Myelitis. 
MEGALANTHROPOGBN'ESIS,  from  iteyas, 
'great,'  av^/jwrof,  'man,'  and' y£v£a-ij,  'birth.'  A 
term  used  by  a  French  physician,  named  Robert, 
to  designate  the  art  of  procreating  great  men  ; 
men  of  mind;  men  of  genius.  He  considered 
that  they  may  be  perpetuated  by  always  taking 
care  to  have  talented  men  united  to  clever 
women  ! 

MEGALOCAR'DIA,  from  fityaf,  'great,'  and 
KapSia,  '  heart.'  The  state  of  having  a  very  large 
heart. 

MEGALOCCELIA,  Intestine,  great,  Megalo- 
splanchnia. 

MEGALOPHO'NIA,  from  ^teyac,  ^^yaXv, 
'great,'  and  (p^vii,  'voice.'  The  condition  of 
having  a  full,  strong  voice. 

MEGALOPHTHAL'MUS  ;  from  ^tya?,  ficyaXn, 
'  great,'  and  o<p6a\iios,  '  eye.'  A  congenital  de- 
formity, in  which  the  eye  is  inordinately  large. 

MEGALOSPLANCH'NUS,  from  /<£yaXoj, 
'great,'  and  <ji:\ay)(^vov,  'a  viscus.'  Ifecfalocoe'lia. 
Hippocrates  applies  the  epithet  to  those  in  whom 
a  viscus,  or  the  viscera,  are  tumid.  Some  have 
used  the  substantive  Megalosplandi'nio,  for  the 
tumour  itself. 

MEGALOSPLENIA,  Splenoncus. 
MEGETHOS,  Stature. 
MEGRIM,  Hemicrania. 

MEIBO'MIUS,  GLANDS  0¥,  Fol'Ucles  of  3L, 
Pal'pehral  Fol'licles,  Cil'iary  F.,  Glandulm  se- 
ba'ceoB  cilm'res  seu  Meibomia'nce,  Intestin'vla 
Meibo'mii,  Lacu'nce  palpebra'rum,  (P.)  Follicules 
palpebraux.  ou  ciliaires,  Glandes  de  Meibomius. 
Small,  sebaceous  follicles,  called  after  Henry 
Meibomius,  although  known  long  before  his  de- 
scription of  them.  They  are  situate  in  special 
grooves  in  the  tarsal  cartilages  ;  and  are  ranged 
by  the  side  of  each  other,  in  the  form  of  yellow- 
ish, parallel,  and  vertical  lines  ;  sometimes 
straight,  at  others,  tortuous.  They  may  be  seen 
at  the  inner  surface  of  the  eyelids,  through  the 
conjunctiva,  and  secrete  a  sebaceous  humour, 
called  Lippitu'do,  Gum,  (F.)  Chassie. 

MEIO'SIS,   Meo'sis,  Ifio'sis,  Imminu'tio,  Mi- 

/  nuthe'sis,  iUnitlio'sis,  from  jiuodi,  '  I  lessen.'    The 

period  of  a  disease,  in  which  the  symptoms  begin 

to  diminish ;  —  the    decline.     Remission.     Also, 

idiotism. 

MEIUROS,  Decurtatus,  Myurus. 
MEL,  Meli,  Nili'aeum,  Honey,  (F.)  Miel.  A 
substance  of  a  muco-saceharine  nature,  prepared 
by  the  Apia  mellifi'ca,  or  common  bee,  which 
collects  it  from  the  nectaries  of  flowers.  Honey 
is  employed  as  aliment,  condiment,  and  medicine. 
It  is  demulcent  and  aperient  j  and  is  prescribed 
as  an  adjunct  to  gargles  in  cynanche  tonsillaris, 
<tc.  It  is,  at  times,  used  as  a  detergent  to  foul 
ulcers.  Virgin  Honey,  Mel  vir'ginum  seu  vir- 
gin'eum,  (F.)  Miel  vierge,  is  that  which  flows 
from  the  wax  spontaneously. 

Hill's  Balsam  of  Honey  is  formed  oi  balsam 
of  tolit.  Ibj,  honey,  Ibj,  rectified  spirit,  one  gallon. 
It  was  long  a  celebrated  empirical  pectoral. 

Honey  Water  is  a  mixture  of  essences  co- 
loured with  saffron.  A  little  honey  is  added  to 
communicate  a  clamminess ;  the  effect  of  which 
is  to  make  it  retain  the  scent  the  longer.  It  is 
used  as  a  scent. 

Mel  Acetatum,  Oxymel  —  m.  ^gyptiacum, 
iEgyptiacum  —  m.  Aerium,  Fraxinus  ornus  —  m. 
Arundinaceum,  Saccharum. 

Mel  Bora'cis,  Mel  subbora'cia,   Colluto'rium 


adstrin'gens,  Linimen'tum  de  Bora'te,  L.  ad  aph- 
thas,  Mel  Boraxa'tum,  Linctus  de  Bord'ce,  L.  ad 
aphthas.  Honey  of  Borax.  (^Boraois  contrit.  3J« 
tnellis  despumati  ^j,  Bh.  L.)  Detergent.  Ap- 
plied to  the  mouth  in  aphthous  affections. 

Mel  CanNjE,  Saccharum  (non  purificatum)  — 
m.  Coctum,  Pelicide. 

Mel  Despuma'tum,  Clar'ified  Honey,  Ana- 
phrom'eli,  (F.)  Miel  Clarifie.  Melt  the  honey 
in  a  water-bath,  and  remove  the  scum.  Uses  tho 
same  as  honey. 

Mel  PrjEPARA'tum,  Prepared  Honey.  (Mel. 
despnmat.  Oss.  Alcohol,  dilut.  Oj.  CretcB  prcBparat. 
^ss.  To  the  honey  and  dUuted  alcohol,  mixed, 
add  the  prepared  chalk,  and  let  the  mixture 
stand  for  two  hours,  occasionally  stirring.  Then 
heat  to  ebullition,  filter,  and  by  means  of  a  water- 
bath,  evaporate  the  clear  liquor  to  the  specific 
gravity  1.32.     Ph.  U.  S.) 

Mel  Ros^,  Mel  rosa'tum,  3felli'tum  de  liosie, 
Ehodom'eli,  Rhodostac' ton.  Honey  of  Roses,  (F. ) 
Miel  rosat,  Mellite  de  Moses.  (BoscB  gallic,  ^ij, 
aqu/B  bxdlient.  f^xij,  mellis  despum.  f^^xx.  Ma- 
cerate the  roses  in  f  §viij  of  boiling  water  for  lour 
hours ;  press  out  as  much  fluid  as  possible  and 
set  aside.  Macerate  the  residue  in  f^iv  of  boil- 
ing water  for  half  an  hour,  and  again  express. 
Reserve  f§iv  of  the  first  infusion;  mix  the  re- 
mainder with  the  infusion  last  obtained  ;  add  the 
honey,  and  evaporate  to  a  pint.  Lastly,  add  the 
reserved  infusion,  and  strain.  Ph.  U.  S.)  As- 
tringent and  detergent.  Used  chiefly  in  gargles 
and  washes  for  aphthaj,  &e. 

Mel  Scill^,  Oxymel  scillse — m.  Scillsa  com- 
positum,  Syrupus  scillee  compositus. 

Mel  Vinosum,  QSnomel  —  m.  Virginum,  see 
Meh 

MEL^'NA,  Melanorrhag"ia,  Melasnorrhag"  ia , 
Ic'terus  niger,  Melanchlo'rus,  Melanic'terus,  Melns 
Ic'teriis,  Morbus  niger  Hippoc'ratis,  Entero7'rh(r'a. 
Black  Jaundice,  Morbus  niger,  (F.)  3Ld<tdii- 
noire,  Meline,  Ictere  noire;  from  //tXaj,  'black.' 
A  name  given  to  vomiting  of  black  matter,  ordi- 
narily succeeded  by  evacuations  of  the  same 
character.  It  seems  to  be  often  a  variety  of  ha?- 
matemesis.  The  Black  Vomit  in  yellow  fever  is 
owing  to  a  morbid  secretion  from  the  lining  mem- 
brane of  the  stomach  and  small  intestine.  Me- 
tena  also  signifies  hemorrhage  from  the  intes- 
tines ;  Fluxus  sple'nicus,  Bysenter'ia  sple'nica, 
Bejectio'nes  nigrcp,,  Secea'sus  niger,  Hem'orrhage 
from  the  Intcs' tines. 

MeljENA  Fungosa  Caecinodes,  Hsematodes 
fungus. 

MELiENORRHAGIA,  Melasna. 

MELALEU'CA  CAJAPUTI,  J/.  3Iinor  seu 
Leucoden' dron,  Myrtus  Leucaden' dron,  Lep(f- 
spermum.  Leucaden' drum.  This  plant  affords  the 
Cajeput  Oil,  (see  Cajeput.)  The  leaves  are  o;;- 
teemed  diuretic,  stomachic,  and  emmenagogue. 

Melaleuca  Leucodendron,  M.  Cajaputi  — 
m.  Minor,  M.  Cajaputi. 

MELAMPHO'NUS  ;  from  //tXay,  'obscure,' 
and  (j>wvn,  '  voice.'  Having  a  hoarse  or  indisrinct 
voice. 

MELAMPHYLLUM,  Acanthus  mollis. 

MELAMPODE,  Helleborus  niger. 

MELAMPODIUM,  Helleborus  niger. 

MELANOMA,  Suffocation. 

MELAN^MIA,  Venosity. 

MEL'ANAGOGUE,  Melanago'giis,  from  fis.\m, 
'black,'  and  ayia,  'I  expel.'  A  medicine  whie:i 
the  ancients  Relieved  adapted  for  expelling  black 
bile  or  melancholy. 

MELANCHLO'RUS,  from  /itAa?,  'black,'  and 
Xyutgos,  'green.'    The  ancients  gave  this  nam* 


MELANCnOLE 


54S 


MELIANTHUS 


to  certain  dark-coloured  topical  remedies.     See 

MELANCHOLE,  Atrabilis. 
MELANCHOLIA,  Melancholy  —  m.  Autochi- 
rica.  Suicide  —  m.  Errabunda,  Cuttubuth  —  m. 
Elatuosa,  Hypochondriasis — m.  Hypochondriaca, 
Hypochondriasis  —  m.  Nervea,  Hypochondriasis 
—  m.  Pleonectica,  see  Pleonectica  —  m.  Saltans, 
Chorea — m.  Suicidium,  Suicide  —  m.  Uterina, 
In  vmphomania — m.  Zoanthropia,  Melancholy. 

MEL'ANCHOLIC,  Ilelanchol'icvs,  Ilelan'cho- 
Ins,  ilelancholo'des,  from  fis'Xag,  'black,'  and  %oA7, 
'  bile.'  One  labouring  under  melancholy.  That 
Tyhich  belongs  or  relates  to  melancholy.  In 
popular  language,  one  of  a  gloomy  disposition. 
MELANCHOLINESS,  Melancholy. 
MELANCHOLODES,  Melancholic. 
MELANCHOLUS,  Melancholy. 
MEL'ANCHOLY,  ilelancho'lia,  same  etymon. 
Lypenia'nia,  Eephro'nia  Melanclw'lia,  3Iania 
MelanclioV ica,  Mania  Melancho'lia,  Tristema'nia, 
Baryth'mia,ffypolepsioma'nia,Anoe'siaad8tric'ta, 
Fixa'tio  mononoe'a,  3Ielani;holiness ;  (P.)  Melan- 
cholie,  Lyperophrenie.  A  disease  supposed,  by 
the  ancients,  to  be  caused  by  black  bile.  A  va- 
riety of  mental  alienation,  characterized  by  ex- 
cessive gloom,  mistrust,  and  depression,  gene- 
rally, with  insanity  on  one  particular  subject  or 
train  of  ideas,  Ilonoma'iu'a,  Monomo'ria.  Pano- 
phohia,  Denionomania,  Erotomania,  Nostahjia, 
&c.,  may  be  referred  to  this  head. 

Melancholy  is  also  used  for  unusual  gloominess 
of  disposition. 

Melaxcholt,  Erotic,  Erotomania — m.  Love, 
Erotomania. 

MELAN'CHRUS,  Melon' ochrus,  from  //tXa?, 
*  black,'  and  ;\;pw?,  '  a  colour.'  One  attacked  with 
black  jaundice.  It  is  probably  an  abbreviation 
of  Melanchlorus. 

MELANCOLIE,  Melancholy. 
MELANGE  PECTORAL,  Mistura  aeidi  hy- 
drocyanici. 

MELAN'IC,  Ifelan'icus,  Melanotic,  3Ielanot'- 
icvs ;  from  //sXac,  'black.'      Of  or  belonging  to 
Melanosis; — as  Melanic  deposit,  a  black  colouring 
matter  deposited  from  the  blood  under  special 
circumstances; — see  Melanosis. 
MELANIC  DEPOSIT,  Melanosis, 
MELAISriCTBE,US,  Melrena. 
MELANOCHRUS,  Melanchrua. 
MELANOMA,  Melanosis. 
Melanoma  Pulmonum,  see  Melanosis. 
MELANOMYCES,  Melanospongus. 
MELANOPATHI'A,  from  /(tAas,  'black,'  and 
iraOos,  '  affection.'     Ni' gritism,  Nigrit"ie8.     A  dis- 
ease of  the  skin,  which  consists  in  augmentation 
of  black  pigment ;  generally  in  patches. 
MELANOPHYMA,  Ergot. 
MELANOPIPER,  Piper  nigrum. 
MELANOPNEUMON,  see  Melanosis. 
MELANORRHAGIA,  Melsena. 
MELANORRHIZUM,  Helleborus  niger. 
MELANOSE,  Melanosis. 

MELANO'SIS,  Melan'sis,  Melano'ma,  Nigritu'- 
do,  Careino'ma  melanot'icvm,  Cancer  melcB'neus, 
J^ungus  melano'des,  (F.)  Degencrescence  noire, 
Melanose,  Cancer  melane,  Black  cancer,  Black  tn- 
b-rch,  from  //cAas,  ' black.'  An  organic  affection, 
in  which  the  tissue  of  the  parts  is  converted, 
riwing  to  a  melan'ic  depos'it,  into  a  black,  hard, 
Jiomogeneous  substance,  near  which  ulcers  or 
'-•avities  form  ; — owing  to  the  softening,  either  of 
the  substance  iiself,  or  of  some  other  morbid 
tissue,  —  of  tubercles  especially.  This  morbific 
change  affects  the  lungs  particularly;  when  it  is 
called  Melano'sia  seu  Melano'ma  seu  Anthraco'sia 


Pulmo'num,  JTelanopneu'mon,  Nigritu'do  sen  Car 
eino'ma  melanot'icum  seu  Melan'sia  Pulmonvm, 
Pneumonomelano' sis,  (F.)  Melanoae  Pulmcmaire. 
It  is,  also,  met  with  in  the  liver  and  areolar  tex- 
ture. Its  causes  are  very  obscure.  Melanosis 
of  the  lungs  constitutes  one  of  the  species  of 
phthisis  of  Bayle ;  but  it  is  impossible  to  distin- 
guish it  from  the  other  species  during  life. 

In  the  classification  of  Fuchs,  Melanosen 
(G.)  forms  a  family  of  diseases. 

Melanosis    Pulmonum,    see    Melanosis  —  m. 
Universalis,  Venosity. 
MELANOSMEGMA,  see  Sapo. 
MELANOSPON'GUS,    Melanomyces ;  from 
/jtAas,  'black,'  and  c-oyyos,  'sponge.'     The   tu- 
beriform  variety  of  melanosis  of  the  lungs. 

MELANOTIC,  Melanic  — m.  Cancer,  Cancer, 
melanotic.  _. 

MEL'ANOTHRIX,  Atrieapill'ua,  from  f<£Aas, 
'black,'  and  ^pi^,  'hair.'     Having  black  hair. 

MELANSIS,  Melanosis — m.  Pulmonum,  Me- 
lanosis pulmonum. 

MELANTHIUM,  Nigella,  M.  Virginicum. 
Melan'thium  Virgin'icuji,  Melanthinm.,  Qtio- 
fadil;  indigenous;   Order,  Melanthaceae,  flower- 
ing in  July,  is  said  to  be  a  sure  but  severe  remedy 
for  itch. 

MELAS,  Lepra  nigricans  —  m.  Icterus,  Me- 
laena. 

MELAS'MA,  EccJiymo'ma  Melas'ma,  Nigror, 
from  niXaq,  '  black.'  A  black  spot  or  ecchymosis, 
occurring  on  the  lower  extremities  of  old  people 
especially.  Also  a  cutaneous  affection  analogous 
to  chloasma,  differing  from  it  only  in  the  dark 
colour  of  the  morbid  pigment.  It  is  also  called 
Pityriasis  nigra, 

MELAS'SES,  Molas'ses,  Melus'tnm,  Theriaca 
eomrmt'nis,  Syru'pits  empyreiimat'ictis  seu  niger, 
Treacle.  The  syrup,  which  remains  after  the 
juice  of  the  sugar-cane  has  been  subjected  to  all 
the  operations  for  extracting  sugar  from  it.  In 
the  United  States,  the  syrup,  made  in  the  process 
of  forming  common  sugar,  is  called  melasses ; 
that  remaining  after  the  refinement  of  sugar 
being  termed  sitgar-honae  melasses  or  treacle. 
Melasses  Spirit,  Rum. 

MELATROPH'IA,  from  ^^tXof,  'a  limb,'  and 
aTpo(l>ia,  'wasting.'     Wasting  of  the  limbs. 

MELCA,  ne'XKa.  Food  made  of  acidulated 
milk. 

MELE,  Specillum. 
MELEA,  Pyrus  mains. 
MELEGUETTA,  Amomum  grana  paradisi. 
MELEI'OS,  itv>.i:ios,  Meli'nus,  3Ielias.     A  spe- 
cies of  alum  found  in  the  island  of  Melos. 
MELEZE,  Pinus  larix. 
MELI,  Mel. 

MELIA,  Fraxinus  ornus. 

Me'lia  Azed'arach,  Azedara'elia  amos'na, 
Poison  Berry  Tree,  Azed'arach,  Pride  of  India, 
Pride  of  China,  Pride  tree.  Hop  tree,  Bead  tree, 
iNat.  Ord.  Meliacepe ;  Sex.  Syst.  Decandria  Mo- 
nogynia.  The  bark  of  the  root — called  in  India 
Neem  Bark,  Azedarach,  (Ph.  U.  S.),  is  usually 
given  in  decoction,  in  the  proportion  of  three  or 
four  ounces  of  the  bark  of  the  fresh  root  to  a 
quart  of  water,  boiled  down  to  a  pint.  The  dose 
is  one  or  two  table-spoonfuls,  every  two  or  three 
hours,  till  purging  is  induced.  It  is  given  in  this 
manner  as  an  anthelmintic.  It  is  sometimes 
formed  into  an  ointment,  and  used  in  tinta 
capitis.  The  tree  is  a  native  of  Syria,  Persia, 
and  the  north  of  India,  and  is  abundant  in  th«> 
southern  states  of  the  Union. 
Melta  Terra,  Cret.i. 

MELIAN'THUS  MAJOR.  Nat.  Ord.  Zygo- 
phylleae.     A  south  African  plant,  a  decoction  of 


MELICERA 


549 


MELOCHITIS 


whose  leaves  is  a  good  external  remedy  in  tinea 
capitis,  crusta  serpiginosa,  necrosis  and  foul 
alcers.  It  is  also  useful  as  a  gargle  and  lotion 
in  sore  throat  and  diseases  of  the  gums.  The 
bruised  leaves  applied  to  ulcers  promote  granu- 
lation. 

MELICERA,  Porrigo  favosa. 

MELICERIA,  Hj'drarthrus,  Porrigo  favosa. 

MELICE'RIS,  Melifa'viwn,  from  y.t\i,  'honey,' 
and  Kripog,  '  wax.'  Emphy'ma  encys'tis  melice'ris. 
An  encysted  tumour  filled  with  a  substance  re- 
sembling honey.     Also,  Porrigo  favosa. 

MELICEROUS,  llelicer'itous  :  same  etymon. 
Having  the  characters  of  meliceris, — as  a  meiice- 
roits  tumour. 

MELICERUM,  Porrigo  favosa. 

MELICHEIUM,  from  //eXi,  'honey,*  and  ^^oi, 
'I  pour  out.'  A  honey-like  discharge  from  an 
ulcer. 

MBLICRATUM,  Hydromeli. 

MELIF AVIUM,  Melieeris,  Porrigo  favosa. 

MELIGEI'ON,  from  ixcXi,  'honey.'  A  fetid 
humour  of  the  consistence  of  honey,  discharged 
from  ulcers,  accompanied  with  caries  of  a  bone. 

MELILOT,  Trifolium  melilotus. 

MELILOTUS,  Trifolium  melilotus. 

MELIME'LUM,  from  niki,  '  honey,'  and  firiXov, 
'  an  apple.'  A  name  given  to  two  compounds : — 
one  of  honey  and  quince,  the  other  of  honey  and 
apples. 

MELINE,  Melsena. 

MELINI  SULPHAS,  Cadmii  sulphas. 

MELI'NUM,  iit]\tvov.  The  ancient  name  of  an 
ointment,  and  of  several  plasters,  described  by 
Dioscorides  and  Galen  :  so  called  from  their  re- 
sembling the  firiXov,  or  quince,  in  colour. 

Melintjm  SuLPHURicuM,  Cadmii  sulphas. 

MBLINUS,  Meleios. 

MELIPHYLLUM,  Melissa. 

MBLIS'SA,  from  jxeXLaaa,  'a  bee,'  because  bees 
gather  honey  from  it.  Melissa  officina'lia  seu 
Moma'na  seu  hirsu'ta  seu  cit'rina  seu  citra'ta  seu 
horten'sis,  Citra'go,  Qitra'ria,  Melitei'a,  Melissoh'- 
otos,  MelitcB'na,  Melissobot'anum,  Melissophyl'lum, 
Meliphyl'lum,  Mentha  citra'ta,  Melit'tis,  Cedro- 
nel'la,  Apias'trum,  Melissa  cit'rina,  Ero'tion, 
Balm,  (P.)  Melisse,  La  Citronelle ;  Nat.  Ord. 
Labiate.  The  leaves  of  balm,  Melissa  (Ph.  U.  S.), 
have  a  pleasant  odour ;  and  an  austere  and  aro- 
matic taste.  Balm  was  formerly  much  used  in 
nervous  diseases,  but  is  now  only  employed  when 
made  into  a  tea,  as  a  diluent,  in  febrile  affections. 
It  is  the  basis  of  a  celebrated  preparation, — the 
EoM  dea  Carmes. 

Melissa  Calamin'tha,  Calamin'tlm,  C.  vulga'- 
ris  seu  officina'rum  seu  grandiflo'ra,  Thynnis  ca- 
lamin'tha,  Cal'amint,  (F.)  Calament.  This  plant 
smells  like  wild  mint,  though  more  agreeably. 
It  is  used,  popularly,  as  a  tea  in  dyspepsia ;  fla- 
tulent colic;  hysteria;  uterine  obstructions,  &c. 

Melissa  Canariensis,  Dracocephalum  Cana- 
riense — m.  Citrata,  Melissa — m.  Citrina,  Melissa. 

Melissa  Grandiflo'ra,  Thynms grandijlo'rus, 
Calamin'tha  magno  flore,  C.  monta'na,  Mountain 
Cal'amint.  This  plant  resembles  the  last  in 
virtues. 

Melissa  Hirsuta,  Melissa  —  m.  Hortensis, 
Melissa  —  m.  Humilis,  Melittis  melissophyllum. 

Melissa  Nep'eta,  Thymus  nep'eta  seu  multiflo- 
rus,  Calamin'tha  An'glica  seu  Pide'gii  odo're  seu 
nep'eta  seu  parviflo'ra  seu  trichot'onia,  Nep'eta 
agrea'tia.  Field  Cal'amint,  Spotted  Cal'amint. 
Formerly  used  as  an  aromatic. 

Melissa PuLEGioiDES,  Hedeoma — m.  Romana, 
Melissa — m.  Tragi,  Melittis  melissophyllum — m. 
Turcica,  Dracocephalum  Canariense. 


MELISSE  DES  BOIS,  Melittis  melisse  phyl- 
lum — m.  de  Moldavie,   DracocephaTnm   Canari- 

MELISSOBOTANUM,  Melissa. 

MELISSOBOTOS,  Melissa. 

MELISSOPHYLLUM,  Melissa,  Melittis  melis- 
sophyllum. 

MELISSOT,  Melittis  melissophyllum. 

MELIT^'MIA,  from  /jeXi,  '  honey,'  and  'aijia, 
'blood.'  A  condition  of  the  circulating  fluid,  in 
which  it  contains  an  unusual  quantity  of  saccha- 
rine matter. 

MELIT^NA,  Melissa. 

MELITAGRE,  Impetigo. 

MELITEIA,  Melissa. 

MELITHOCORTON,  Corallina  Corsicana. 

MELI'TIS,  Inflamma'tio  gena'rum;  from  ^t^Xov, 
'  the  cheek,'  and  itis,  denoting  inflammation. 
Inflammation  of  the  cheek. 

MELITITES,  Hydromeli. 

MELITTA,  Bee. 

MELITTIS,  Melissa. 

Melit'tis  MELissOPHYL'LtrM:,  La'miummonta'-^ 
num,  Melissa  hu'milis  seu  sylvea'tria,  Melissa 
Tragi,  La'mium  Plin'ii,  Melissophyl'lum,  Bastard 
Balm,  (F.)  Melisse  dea  Bois,  3Ielissot.  This  plant 
was  formerly  employed,  like  the  balm,  in  uterine 
obstructions. 

Melittis  Sylvestris,  M.  Melissophyllum. 

MELITURIA,  Urine,  diabetic,  see  Diabetes. 

MELI'TUS,  Melli'tus,  from  mel,  '  honey.'  Ap- 
pertaining to  honey.     Of  the  nature  of  honey. 

MELIZO'MUM,  from  //tXi,  'honey,'  and  ^wjuo?, 
'broth;'  Mead,  Melli'na,  Metheg'lin.  A  drink 
prepared  with  honey. 

MELLA'GO,  from  mel,  'honey.'  Any  medi- 
cine having  the  consistence  of  honey.     A  fluid 

MELLICRATUM,  Hydromeli. 

MELLIFAVIUM,  Porrigo  favosa. 

MELLINA,  Melizomum. 

MELLITE  DE  EOSES,  Mel  rosse. 

MELLI'TUM,  from  mel,  'honey.'  A  prepared 
honey  : — a  medicated  honey. 

Mellituji  de  Acetate  Cupri,  Linimentum 
^ruginis. 

Mellitum  de  Mercuria'li  Compos'itum,  (F.) 
Miel  de  mercuriale  compose,  Syrop>  de  longue  vie 
{Slice,  purif.  mercurialis  Ibij,  boraginis,  anchusch 
officinalis,  aa  Ibss,  iris  pseudacori  radicia  recent. 
§ij,  rad.  sice,  gentiance  §j,  mellia  Ibiij,  vini  albi 
^xiij.  Macerate  the  bruised  roots  in  the  wine 
for  24  hours  ;  strain  ;  mix  the  juices  and  honey  ; 
boil  slightly,  and  filter :  then  add  the  two  liquors, 
and  boil  to  the  consistence  of  syrup.  Ph.  P.) 
Cathartic,  stomachic,  &e. 

Mellitum  de  Rosis,  Mel  rosse. 

Mellitum  Simplex,  Syru'pus  de  Melle,  Syrup 
of  Honey.  (Mellia  tbvj,  aqucB  Ibiss,  carbonat. 
calcis.  prceparat.  ^iij.  Mix  the  honey,  water, 
and  carbonate  of  lime  in  a  silver  vessel :  boil  the 
mixture,  stirring,  at  the  same  time,  for  2  or  3 
minutes :  then  add  prepared  animal  charcoal  ,5^'jj 
two  whitea  of  eggs,  mixed  in  a  pint  of  water.  Mix 
all,  and  boil  to  the  consistence  of  syrup  :  remove 
from  the  fire ;  let  the  syrup  rest  for  15  minutes, 
and  pass  through  a  clot'h.     Ph.  P.)     Demulcent. 

MELLITUS,  Melitus. 

MELO^'MIA,  from  //cXaj,  'black,'  and  ' aiftn, 
'blood.'  A  state  of  blood,  characterized  by  its 
incoagulability,  black  colour,  and  septic  pro- 
perties. 

MELOCHI'TIS,  Lapis  Arme'nius,  Armeni'ten, 
Arme'nian  Stone.  A  variety  of  blue  carbonato 
of  copper.  It  is  found  in  Germany,  the  Tyrol, 
and  especially  in  Armenia.    It  was  formerly  em 


MELOE 


560 


MEMBRANE 


ptt/ed  as  a  cardiac,  and  as  proper  for  purging 
Htfoy  melancholy. 

MEL'OE  NIGER,  M.  Pennsylvan'icus.  A  blis- 
tering fly,  native  of  the  United  States.  It  feeds 
upon  Prunel'la  vulga'ria  or  Self-heal,  and  Am- 
hro'sia  trif'ida  or  Stich-ioeed.  These  flies  re- 
semble the  Spanish  flies  in  properties. 

Meloe  Pennsyltanicus,  M.  niger. 

Meloe  ProscahabjE'us,  Cantarel'lus,  was 
anciently  used  as  a  diuretic  and  anti-hyhropho- 
bic. 

Meloe  Vesicatorius,  Cantharis. 

MELON,  ixriXov,  'an  apple.'  A  disorder  of  the 
eye,  in  which  it  protrudes  out  of  the  socket.  See 
Exophthalmia. —  Castelli. 

Melon,  Cucumis  melo — m.  d'Eau,  Cucurbita 
citrullus — m.  Plant,  Cucumis  melo — m.  Water, 
Cucurbita  citrullus. 

MELONGENA,  Solanum  melongena. 

MELOPLACUNTIUM,  Meloplacus. 

MELOPLA'CUS,  Meloiilacun'tium,  from  firiXov, 
'  an  apple,'  '  a  quince.'  A  compound  obtained  by 
boiling  loine,  honey,  quince,  pepper,  <fcc.,  together. 
— Galen. 

MELOPLAS'TIC,  Jfe^opZas'JicMS/  from  nr)\ov, 
'  the  cheek,'  and  -nXaaaia,  '  I  form.'  The  opera- 
tion for  forming  a  new  cheek  when  any  part  of  it 
has  been  lost. 

MELOS,  ne\os,  Memhrum.  A  member.  An 
organized  part,  composed  of  other  parts.  —  Cas- 
telli. 

MELO'SIS,  Catheteris'mus,  Cenemhate'sis,  from 
[iTiXvy  'a  probe.'  The  act  of  probing  a  wound, 
ulcer,  &c. — Hippocrates.     Catheterism. 

MELOTHRUM,  Bryonia  alba. 

MELO'TIS,  Melo'tris,  SpecU'lum  minus.  A 
small  probe,  —  a  probe  for  the  ear.  See  Apyro- 
mele. 

MELOTRIS,  Melotis. 

MELTING,  Fusion. 

MELUM,  nri\ov.  Malum.  An  apple.  Fruit  in 
general.  Also,  a  round,  firm  female  breast. 
The  cheek.  The  apple-eye  or  melon-eye;  an 
apple-formed  projection  of  the  eye  from  the 
orbit. 

Meltim  Armeniacum,  Prunus  armeniaca — m. 
Cydonium,  see  Pyrus  eydonia. 

MELUSTUM,  Melasses. 

MEMBRA  PUDENDA,  Genital  organs. 

MEMBRANA,  Membrane — m.  Abdominis,  Pe- 
ritonaeum—  m.  Adiposa,  Cellular  membrane — m. 
Adventitia,  Decidua  reflexa — m.  Agnina,  Amnios 
— m.  Amphiblestrodes,  Retina — m.  Arachnoidea, 
Hyaloid  membrane  —  m.  Capsularis  testis,  Albu- 
ginea  —  m.  Carnosa,  Dartos  —  m.  Cellulosa,  Cel- 
lular membrane  —  m.  Cellulosa,  Decidua — m.  Ce- 
rebri tenuis,  Pia  mater  —  m.  Cerebri  mollis,  Pia 
mater  —  m.  Cerebri  propria,  Pia  mater  —  m.  Cir- 
cumossalis,  Periosteum  —  m.  Communis,  Decidua 
— m.  Circumplexa,  Pericardium  —  m.  Cordis,  Pe- 
ricardium— m.  Costalis,  Pleura — m.  Costas  suc- 
cingens.  Pleura  —  m.  Crassa,  Decidua  reflexa  — 
m.  Cribrosa,  Decidua — m.  Cuticularis,  Dura  ma- 
ter—  m.  Decidua  serotina,  see  Decidua — m.  De- 
jnuriana,  see  Aqueous  humour,  and  Cornea  —  m. 
Dentata,  Denticulatum  ligamentum  —  m.  Derma- 
lodes,  Dura  mater — m.  Descemetii,  see  Aqueous 
humour,  and  Cornea — m.  Diaphratton,  Mediasti- 
num— m.  Dura  cerebrum  ambiens.  Dura  mater — 
m.  Epicrania,  Galea  aponeurotica  capitis — m. 
Externa  dentium,  Tapetum  alveoli — m.  Farcimi- 
nalis,  Allantois — m.  Fenestroe  rotunda;,  see  Fe- 
nostra  —  m.  Filamentosa,  Decidua  reflexa  —  m. 
Plocculenta,  Decidua  —  m.  Foetum  involvens. 
Amnios. 

MgmjRRA'na  Granui.o'sa,  Gran' ular  membrane, 


{¥.)  3Iemhrane  granuleuse,  Couclie  celluleuse 
(Coste).  A  layer  of  yellow,  granular  matter, 
which  lines  the  inner  layer  of  the  Graafian  follicle. 
Membrana  Ixterspinalis,  Interspinal  liga- 
ment—  m.  Intestinalis,  Allantois — m.  Linguae, 
see  Tongue  —  m.  Macilentior,  Epiploon,  gastro- 
hepatic  —  m.  Mucosa,  Decidua,  see  Membrane — 
m.  Nervorvim,  Neurilema — m.  Nictitans,  Valvula 
semilunaris  —  m.  Olfactoria,  Pituitary  membrane 

—  m.  Ossis,  Periosteum  —  m.  Ovi  matema,  De- 
cidua—  m.  Ovuli  corticalis,  Oiocalymma  —  m. 
Pellucida,  Amnios — m.  Pinguedinosa,  see  Cellular 
membrane — m.  Pinguis  intestinorum,  Mesentery 

—  m.  Pituitaria,  Pituitary  membrane,  see  Mem- 
brane—  m.  Pituitosa,  see  Membrane  —  m.  Plen- 
retica.  Pleura  —  m.  Prseexistens,  Decidua  —  m. 
Propria,  Basement  membrane,  and  Folliculi  Graa- 
fiani,  see  Cortex  ovi  —  m.  PupUlaris,  Pupillary 
membrane. 

Membra'na  Putam'inis,  {putamen,  'a  shell  or 
husk.')  The  membrane  adherent  to  the  inner 
surface  of  the  eggshell. 

Membrana  Retiformis  CnoRn,  Decidua  re- 
flexa— m.  Ruyschiana,  Choroid  (inner  layer.) 

Membrana  Sacciform'is.  A  separate  synovial 
membrane  for  the  inferior  radio-cubital  articula- 
tion, which  covers  the  upper  surface  of  the  trian- 
gular ligament,  and  the  sort  of  incomplete  ring 
which  circumscribes  the  head  of  the  ulna. 

Membrana  Semipelltjcida,  Caligo — m.  Sinu- 
osa,  Decidua — m.  Subcostalis,  Pleura — m.  Sue- 
cingens.  Diaphragm,  Pleura. 

Membrana  Test^,  Shell  membrane.  The  mem- 
brane that  lines  the  shell  of  the  bird's  egg:  — 
a  simple  membrane. 

Membrana  Thoracem  Inteesepiens,  Media- 
stinum— m.  Tympani,  see  Tympanum — m.  Tj'm- 
pani  secundaria,  see  Fenestra — m.  Urinaria,  Al- 
lantois—  m.  Uteri  interna  evoluta,  Decidua — m. 
Uvea,  Uvea — m.  Vasculosa  cerebri,  Pia  mater — 
m.  Verricularis,  Retina. 

Mbmbra'na  Veesic'olor.  a  peculiar  mem- 
brane—  according  to  Mr.  Fielding,  of  Hull  — 
situate  immediately  behind  the  retina,  and  in 
connexion  with  it.  It  is  separable  into  distinct 
layers  from  the  choroid,  and  is  supplied  with 
blood-vessels. 

Membrana  "Wachendorfiana,  Pupillary  mem 

MEMBRANACEOUS,  Membranous. 

MEMBRANE,  Ifembra'na,  Hymen,  Ifenint.. 
Epen'dyma.  A  name,  given  to  different  thin  or- 
gans, representing  a  species  of  supple,  more  or  less 
elastic,  webs ;  varying  in  their  structure  and  vital 
properties,  and  intended,  in  general,  to  absorb  or 
secrete  certain  fluids ;  and  to  separate,  envelop, 
and  form  other  organs.  Bichat  has  divided  the 
membranes  into  simple  and  compound. 

Simple  membranes  comprise  three  orders.  1.  A 
Mucous  membrane,  Membrana  mucosa  seu  ^)j'<hj- 
to'sa  sen  pituita'ria,  Phleg'mymen,  Phlefjmat'hy- 
men.  Membrane  follieuleuse  (Ch.),  is  so  called,  on 
account  of  the  mucous  fluid  by  which  they  are 
constantly  lubricated.  They  line  the  canals,  ca- 
vities, and  hollow  organs,  which  communicate 
externally  by  difi"erent  apertures  on  the  skin. 
Bichat  refers  the  mucous  membranes  to  two  great 
divisions — the  gastro-]}ulmonary,  and  the  (/enito~ 
urinary.  The  mucous  membranes  have  a  striking 
analogy  with  the  cutaneous  tissue,  in  organiza- 
tion, functions,  and  diseases.  They  are  composed 
of  chorion,  papillte,  and  epidermis;  and  are  fur- 
nished with  a  multitude  of  follicles,  which  secrete 
a  viscid  humour — mucus.  They  receive  a  quan- 
tity of  arterial  vessels,  veins,  lymphatics,  and 
nerves.  2.  The  Serous  membranes,  JM.  villeusea 
simpiles  (Ch.),  are  transparent,  thin,  and  composed 
of  one  lamina.    One  surface  adheres  to  other  tex- 


MEMBRANE 


551 


MENECRATIS 


tures;  the  other  is  smooth,  polished,  and  mois- 
tened by  a  serous  fluid.  They  are  arranged — in 
the  form  of  sacs  without  apertures — as  great,  in- 
termediate reservoirs  for  the  exhalant  and  ab- 
sorbent systems,  in  which  the  serous  fluid  in 
passing  from  one  system  tarries  some  time  before 
it  enters  the  other.  The  serous  membranes  re- 
semble the  areolar  membrane  in  structure  and 
diseases.  They  facilitate  the  motion  on  each 
other  of  the  organs  which  they  envelop.  They 
may  be  divided  into  (a)  Serous  membranes,  pro- 
perly so  called ;  as  the  arachnoid,  pleura,  perito- 
neum, and  tunica  vaginalis.  (6)  Synovial  mem- 
branes or  capsules;  which  belong  to  joints,  ten- 
dons, aponeuroses,  &c.  These  membranes — mu- 
cous and  serous — are  constituted  of  similar  layers 
—  epithelium,  basement  membrane,  condensed 
areolar  tissue ;  and  a  looser  form  of  areolar  tis- 
sue, termed  submucous  in  one  case, — subserous  in 
the  other.  3.  Fibrous  membranes,  diembranes  albu- 
gineuees  (Ch.)  These  are  almost  all  continuous, 
and  terminate  at  the  periosteum  —  their  common 
centre.  They  have  been  divided  into  two  sec- 
tions. 1.  Enveloping  aponeuroses.  Aponeuroses  of 
insertion,  Fibrous  capsxdes  of  the  joints,  and  J^?'- 
brous  sheaths  of  tendons.  2.  The  Periosteum,  Dura 
mater,  Sclerotica,  Tunica  cdbuginea  testis.  Fibrous 
membrane  of  the  spleen,  &o.  The  fibrous  mem- 
branes are  not  free  or  moistened  by  any  particu- 
lar fluid.  They  adhere  by  both  surfaces  to  the 
neighbouring  parts ;  are  firm,  resisting,  but 
slightly  elastic,  and  of  a  white  colour;  sometimes 
pearly  and  glistening.  Their  vessels  are  nume- 
rous, in  some,  as  in  the  dura  mater  and  peri- 
osteum ;  in  others,  scarcely  perceptible,  as  in  the 
aponeuroses.  The  presence  of  nerves  has  never 
been  proved,  although  several  circumstances,  re- 
garding their  sensibility,  render  their  existence 
probable.  The  fibrous  membranes  serve,  in  ge- 
neral, to  augment  the  solidity  of  the  organs  which 
they  envelop ;  to  retain  the  muscles  in  their  re- 
spective positions ;  to  favour  the  motion  of  the 
limbs,  and  that  of  the  muscles  and  skin  ;  to  form 
canals  and  rings  for  the  passage  of  different 
organs,  &c. 

Bichat  admits  three  species  of  Compound  Mem- 
branes. 1.  The  Sero-fibrous,  formed  of  a  serous 
and  fibrous  lamina,  intimately  adherent  to  each 
other;  —  as  the  pericardium,  dura  mater,  and  tu- 
nica albuginea.  2.  The  Sero-mucous,  formed  of 
a  serous  and  mucous  lamina ; — as  the  gall-bladder 
at  its  lower  part.  3.  The  Fibro-mucous,  consti- 
tuted of  the  union  of  a  fibrous  and  mucous  mem- 
brane ;  as  the  mucous  membrane  of  the  nasal  fosses, 
gums,  Ac.  Chaussier  admits  sis  kinds  of  mem- 
branes. 1.  The  laminated.  See  Cellular  Tissue. 
2.  The  serous  or  simple  villous.  3.  The  follicidar 
or  complicated  villous.  4.  The  muscxdar  <yc  fleshy. 
5.  The  albugineous.     6.  The  albuminous. 

Membrane,  Accidental,  M.  false  —  m.  Acci- 
dentelle,  M.  false  —  m.  Adnee,  Conjunctiva  —  m. 
Adventitious,  M.  false  —  m.  Anhistous,  Decidua. 
Membrane,  Basement,  Pri'mary  membrane, 
Membra'na  pro'pria.  A  delicate,  sti'uctureless 
lamella  of  membrane  found  beneath  the  epidermis 
or  epithelium,  on  all  the  free  surfaces  of  the  body. 
MEMBRANE  CADUQVE,  Decidua— m.  Ca- 
duque  rSflechie,  Decidua  reflexa — m.  de  Demours, 
see  Aqueous  Humour,  and  Cornea  —  m.  de  Des- 
cemet,  see  Aqueous  Humour,  and  Cornea. 

Membrane,  False,  Acciden'tal  membrane,  Ad- 
ventit"ious  membrane.  Pseudo-membrane,  Pseud'y- 
men,  Pseudome' ninx,  (Y.)  Fausse  membrane,  3f.  ae- 
cidentelle.  Membranous  productions,  which  form 
on  all  the  free  natural  surfaces,  and  on  every 
free  accidental  surface  are  so  called.  They 
are,  in  general,  produced  by  the  exudation  of  a 
fibrinous    matter,    susceptible    of    organization, 


which  takes  place  in  consequence  of  inflammation 
of  the  various  tissues.  These  accidental  mem- 
branes occur  on  the  skin  after  the  application  of 
a  blister;  on  mucous  surfaces,  as  in  croup;  on 
the  parietes  of  inflamed  veins  and  arteries,  &a. 
The  cicatrices  of  wounds  are  formed  of  them. 

MEMBRANE  FAUSSE,  Membrane  false  — 
m.  Germinal,  see  Molecule  —  m.  Granular,  Mem- 
brana  granulosa — m.  Granuleuse,  Membrana 
granulosa  —  m.  Primary,  Membrane,  basement 
—  m.  Pseudo,  M.  false  —  m.  Hyaloid,  see  Hya- 
loid membrane  —  m.  Ruysehienne,  Choroid  (in- 
ner layer),  Ruyschiana  tunica — ni.  Shell,  Mem- 
brana testae — m.  du  Tympan,  see  Tympanum  — 
m.  Virginal,  Hymen  —  m.  Vitellary,  Zona  pellu- 
cida— m.   Vitelline,  Zona  pellucida. 

ME3IBRANES  ALBUOINEUSES,  Mem- 
branes, fibrovis,  see  Albuginea — m.  FolUculeuscs, 
Membranes,  mucous — m.  Veloutees,  Villous  mem- 
branes— m.  Villeuses  simples,  Membranes,  serous. 

Membranes  of  the  Fgetus,  Membra'na:  fa:tvm 
involven'tes,  Velamen'ta  infan'tls.  The  membranes 
which  immediately  envelop  the  fretus  in  the  ca- 
vity of  the  uterus,  and  the  rupture  of  which  gives 
rise  to  the  discharge  of  the  liquor  amnii.  These 
membranes  are  the  decidua,  chorion,  and  amnion. 

3IE3[BRANEUX,  Membranous. 

MEMBRAN'IFORM,  3Iembraniform'is,  from 
memhrana,  and  forma  / — resembling  a  membrane. 
A  name  given  to  thin  and  flat  parts,  which  re- 
semble membranes. 

Membraniform  Muscles.  Very  broad  and 
thin  muscles,  as  the  platysma  myoides,  obliquus 
abdominis,  &c. 

MEMBRANOSUS,  Fascia  lata  muscle. 

MEM'BRANOUS,  Membrano'sus,  Membrana'- 
ceus,  Hymeno' des,  (F.)  Membraneux.  Having  the 
nature  of  membrane.     Formed  of  membrane. 

MEMBRANULA,  Hymenium— m.  Corona3  ci- 
liaris,  see  Ciliary — m.  Lunata  vagina^.  Hymen— 
m.  Nervorum,  Neurilema  —  m.  Semilunaris  con- 
junctiva, Valvula  semilunaris. 

MEM'BRANULE,  Membran'ula,  diminutive  of 
me%ibrana,  'a,  membrane.'     A  small  membrane. 

MEMBRE,  Membrum  —  m.  Viril,  Penis. 

MEMBRO'SUS,  Ilembro'sior,  Mentida'tus,  Mu- 
tonia'tus,  Nasa'tus,  valde  Mentula'tus,  Fascino'- 
sus,  Psolon,  from  membrum,  'the  male  organ.' 
One  whose  penis  is  very  large. 

MEMBRUM,  Artus,  Melos,  Colon,  a  limb,  a 
member,  (F.)  3Iembre.  The  limbs  or  extremities 
or  members  of  animals  are  certain  parts  exterior 
to  the  body,  which  are  more  or  less  apparent, 
long,  and  moveable.  It  is  by  means  of  their 
limbs,  that  animals  transport  themselves  from 
one  place  to  another;  and  that  they  defend  them- 
selves, or  attack  others.  The  limbs  are  arranged 
on  each  side  of  the  trunk,  with  which  they  are 
articulated.  In  man,  they  are  four  in  number  : 
— two  upper  or  thoracic,  and  two  lower,  pelvic  or 
abdominal.     Also,  the  male  organ. 

Membrum  Genitale  Vieorum,  Penis — m.  Mu- 
liebre.  Clitoris — m.  Seminale,  Penis — m.  Vifile, 
Penis. 

MEMOIRE,  Memory — m.  Perte  de,  Amnesia. 

MEMORIA  DELETA,  Amnesia. 

MEM'ORT,  Memo'ria,  3Ineme,  Hypomne'sis, 
Recorda'tio,  Reeorda'tus,  (F.)  3Iemoire.  The  ce- 
rebral faculty,  by  virtue  of  which  past  impressions 
are  recalled  to  the  mind. 

MEMPHI'TBS  LAPIS.  A  sort  of  stone,  found 
in  the  environs  of  Memphis  ;  which  was  formerly 
esteemed  narcotic. 

MENAGOGUES,  Emmenagogues. 

MENDESION,  ^gyptiacum. 

MENE,  Moon. 

MENECRATIS  ACOIPITER,  Ascipiter. 


MENES 


552 


MENORRHAGIA 


MENES,  Menses. 

MJENESPAUSIE,  see  Menses. 

MENFRIGE,  see  Pistacia  lentiscus. 

MENINGARTHROC'ACE,  Liflamma'tio  mem- 
hrana'rum  articulatio'nis,  Arthromeningi'tis,  from 
fiviy^,  '  membrane,'  apdjjov,  '  a  joint,'  and  kukos, 
'disctase.'  Inflammation  of  the  membranes  of  a 
juint. 

MENINGE,  Dura  mater. 

MENINGE,  Meningeal. 

MENIN'GEAL,  Menin'geus,  from  nvny^,  'a 
membrane.'  (F.)  3IeningL  Relating  to  the  me- 
ninges, or  merely  to  the  dura  mater. 

Meningeal  Apoplexy,  see  Apoplexy. 

Meningeal  Artery,  Middle,  Arte'ria  menin'- 
gea  me'dia,  A.  Sphceno-sjpino'sa,  A.  DurcB  Matris 
me'dia  max'ima,  A.  SphcBno-spina'lia,  Spinal  Ar- 
tery, (F.)  Artlre  meningee  moyenne,  A.  Spheno- 
epineuae,  A.  Epineuse,  is  the  largest  of  the 
branches  given  off  by  the  internal  maxillary 
artery.  It  enters  the  cranium  by  the  foramen 
gpinale,  and  distributes  its  branches  chiefly  to 
the  dura  mater. 

Meningeal  Vessels,  Vana  menin'gea.  The 
vessels  of  the  membranes  of  the  brain. 

MENIN'GES,  Eilam'ides,  Matres  seu  Involu'- 
cva  Ger'ebri,  Omen'ta  seu  Velamen'ta  cerehra'lia, 
from  nrjviy^,  'a  membrane.'  The  three  membranes 
■which  envelop  the  brain — Dura  mater,  Arachnoid, 
and  Pia  mater. 

MENINGETTE,  Pia  mater. 

MENINGI'NA,  (F.)  lleningine.  Same  etymon. 
A  name  given  by  Chaussier  to  the  pia  mater, 
united  to  the  cerebral  layer  of  the  arachnoid. 

Meningina,  Inner  Lamina  of  the,  Pia  mater. 

3IJENINGINE,  Meningina. 

MENINGINI'TIS,  from  meningina,  and  itis, 
denoting  inflammation.  Inflammation  of  the  me- 
ningina. 

MENINGION,  Arachnoid  membrane. 

MENINGIS  GUSTOS,  Meningophylax. 

MENINGITE,  Meningitis  —  m.  Granuleuse, 
Hydrocephalus  internus  —  m.  Rachidienne,  Me- 
ningitis, spinal  —  m.  Tuhereuleuse,  Hydrocepha- 
lus internus. 

MENINGI'TIS,  Eneephali'tis  peripher'ica,  E. 
incmhrano' sa,  (F.)  Inflammation  de  la  membrane 
gereuse  cephalo-raohidienne,  Meningite.  Inflam- 
mation of  the  meninges  or  membranes  of  the 
brain.     See  Phrenitis. 

Meningitis  Arthritica,  Cephalagra  —  m.  In- 
fantum, Hydrocephalus  internus  —  m.  Membra- 
nosa,  M.  spinal. 

Meningi'tis  Mesencephal'ica.  Inflammation 
of  the  meninges  of  the  medulla  oblongata  and 
pons  varolii  more  especially. 

Meningitis  Peripherica,  M.  spinal  —  m.  Po- 
tatorum, Delu-ium  tremens  —  m.  Rachidian,  M. 
spinal. 

Meningitis,  Spinal,  M.  EacTiid'ian,  M.  Spi- 
na'lis  &QM  peripher' ica  seu  membrano'sa,  Perimye- 
li'tis,  (F.)  Meningite  rachidienne.  Inflammation 
of  the  meninges  of  the  spinal  marrow. 

Meningitis,  Tubercular,  see  Hydrocephalus 
internus  —  m.  Tuberculosa,  Hydrocephalus  in- 
ternus. 

MENIN'GIUM.  Diminutive  of  ^rjnyf,  'a 
membrane.'  A  fine,  delicate  membrane.  The 
tunica  arachnoidea  of  the  brain. 

M  E  N IN  G  0  -  CEPH ALI'TIS,  Meningo-ence- 
phali'tia,  Ceph'ctlo-meningi'tis,  from  ^r]viy^,  '  a 
membrane,'  Kc(pa'Xv,  'head,'  and  itis,  a  suflix  de- 
noting inflammation.  Inflammation  of  the  mem- 
branes and  braixi. 

MENINOOGASTRITIS,  Fever,  gastric. 
MBNINGOMALA'CIA,   from  lim'^y^,    'mem- 


brane,' and  ixa\aKia,   *  softening.'     Softening  of 
membranes  in  general. 

MENINGOPH'YLAX,  Cuatos  menin'gis,  Dc- 
preaao'rium,  (F.)  Depresaoire,  from  finviy^,  'a 
membrane,'  the  dura  mater;  and  <pv\a^.  '  a  pre- 
server.' An  instrument  for  depressing  the  dura 
mater,  and  guarding  it  from  injury,  whilst  the 
bone  is  cut  or  rasped. 

MENINGORRH(E'A,from  nvviy^,  'membrane,' 
and  psui,  '  I  flow.'  Eff'usion  of  blood  upon  or  be- 
tween the  membranes  of  the  brain. 

MENINGO'SIS.  Same  etymon.  The  union 
of  bones  by  means  of  membrane ;  e.  g.  the.  arti- 
culation of  the  bones  of  the  cranium  in  the  foetus. 
Meningosis  is  a  variety  of  Syndesmosis. 

MENINGOSYM'PHYSIS;  from  ;/7v.y|,  'mem- 
brane,' and  uvjifjiva-is,  'growing  together.'  Adhe- 
sion of  or  by  membrane.  Adhesion  of  the  mem- 
branes of  the  brain  to  each  other,  or  to  the  brain. 
MEN  IN  X,  Membrane  —  m.  Choroides,  Pia 
mater — m.  Crassa,  Dura  mater — m.  Dura,  Dura 
mater  —  m.  Exterior,  Dura  mater  —  m.  Interior, 
Pia  mater — m.  Media,  Arachnoid  membrane — m. 
Pacheia,  Dura  mater  —  m.  Sclera,  Dura  mater. 

MENISCHESIS,  see  Amenorrhcea. 

MENISPERMUM  ANGULATUM,  M.  Cana- 
dense. 

Menisperm'tjm  Canaden'se,  3f.  angula'tum, 
from  jivvrt,  '  the  m,oon,'  and  airipfin,  '  seed.'  A 
climbing  plant,  growing  in  various  parts  of  the 
United  States.  Said  to  be  used  in  Virginia  as  a 
substitute  for  sarsaparilla  in  scrofula.  It  is  an 
excitant  tonic. 

Menisper'mum  Coc'culus,  31.  glaueum,  Ana- 
mir'ta  Cou'cidua,  A.  jHcnictda'ta,  Coc'cidua  aube- 
ro'sus,  so  called  from  the  shape  of  its  seed. 
Family  Menispermese.  Sex.  Syat.  Dicecia  Do- 
deeandria.  The  systematic  name  of  the  plant, 
the  berries  of  which  are  well  known  by  the  name 
of  Coc'eulua  In'dic-us,  Indian  Berriea,  Bucccb 
Piscato'rice,  Coc'cttlus  subera'sus,  Indian  Cockles, 
Coccus  In'dicus,  Goecvla  oJjUcina'rum,  Cocci  ori- 
enta'les,  Grnna  Orien'tis,  (F.)  Coque  dn  Levant, 
Coque  levant.  These  berries  are  remarkable  for 
their  inebriating  and  destructive  quality  to  fish. 
The  deleterious  principle  appears  to  reside  in  the 
kernel,  and  in  the  active  principle  called  Piero- 
tox'ine.  Cocculus  Indicus  has  been  used  in  de- 
coction to  kill  vermin.  It  has,  at  times,  been 
added  to  beer,  by  fraudulent  tradesmen,  to  render 
it  more  inebriating. 

Menispermum  Glaucum,  M.  cocculus — m.  Pal- 
matum,  Calumba. 

Menisper'mum  Tubercula'tum,  31.  Verruco'- 
sum,  Coc'eulua  crispna.  A  Chinese  plant,  an  ex- 
tract from  the  root  of  which  is  tonic  to  the  sto- 
mach and  bowels,  and  possesses  some  astrin- 
gency.     Dose,  5  to  10  grains. 

The  same  may  be  said  of  3Ienisper'mum  cor- 
difo'lium  —  the  Gohincha,  of  Bengal. 

Menispermum  Verrucosum,  M.  tuberculatum. 

MENOCRYPHIA,  Amenorrhcea. 

MENOLIPSIS,  see  Menses. 

MENOPAUSIS,  see  Menses. 

MENOPHANIA,  see  Menses. 

MENOPLANIA,  Menstruation,  vicarious. 

MEN0RRHAG"IA,  from  nxjv,  'a  month,'  and 
prjyvvfti,  '  I  flow  fiercely.'  Flow  of  the  menses. 
Frequently,  the  word  is  used  synonymously  with 
uterine  hemorrhage  or  metrorrhagia,  or  for  im- 
moderate flow  of  the  menses — profnae  mcnstru(i~ 
tion,  Parame'nia  super'flua,  P.  prn/u'sa,  3fenor- 
rhag"ia  rv.bra,  Gatamen io'rnm  fl.uxua  immod'icus, 
3Ienatnia  immod'icn,  31.  supcr'flua,  3Ienorrhce''Ji. 

Menorrhagia,  Menstruation,  Metrorrhagia  — 
m.  Alba,  Leueorrhoea  —  ra.  DifiBcilis,  Dysmenor- 
rhoe  —  m.  Erronea,  Menstruation,  erroneous — m. 
Stiilatitia,  Dysmenorrhoea. 


MENOmiHCEA 


553 


MENTAL 


MENORRHCE'A,  from  firjv,  'montli,'  and  psw, 
*  I  flow.'  Too  long  continuing,  or  too  often  re- 
turning, menstruation.     Also,  menorrhagia. 

MENOSCHESIS,  see  Amenorrhoea. 

MENOSTASIA,  Amenorrhoea. 

MENOS'TASIS,  from  imv,  'month,'  and  (jra^is, 
'  stasis,'  '  stagnation.'  This  word,  according  to 
some,  signifies  the  retention  of  the  menses  and 
their  accumulation  in  the  uterus.  According  to 
others,  it  means  the  acute  pain  which,  in  some 
females,  precedes  each  appearance  of  the  menses : 
a  pain  which  has  been  presumed  to  proceed  from 
the  stasis  of  blood  in  the  capillary  vessels  of  the 
uterus. 

MENOXEN'IA,  Menoxeno'sis,  from  piriv,  'a 
mouth,'  and  ^evos,  '  foreign.'  Irregular  men- 
struation. 

MENOXENOSIS,  Menoxenia, 

MENS,  Anima,  Intellect. 

MENSA,  'a  table.'  The  upper  superficial  part 
of  the  jaw  teeth. 

MENSES,  (Ifensis,  'a  month;')  3f.  Mulie'hres, 
Mulie'hria,  Menes,  Fluxus  men'struus,  F.  liina'ris, 
Pro'fiuvium  mulie'bre,  P.  genita'le  muliehre,  Con- 
suetu'do  menstrua,  Catame'nia,  llen'strua,  Eni- 
me'nia,  Tribu'tum  luna're  seu  men'struum,  Pur- 
gntio'nes,  P.  menstrua,  GyncBcei'a,  Aphedri'a, 
Cnrsus  men'struus,  HorcB'a,  Luna'ria,  Courses, 
Menstrual  flux.  Monthly  courses,  M.  'periods. 
Flowers,  Turns,  Terms,  the  Reds,  Troubles,  (E.) 
Mois,  Regies,  Lunes,  Flueurs,  Affaires,  Epoques, 
Ordinaires,  Purgations,  Fleurs,  Menstrues.  The 
sanguineous  evacuation  from  the  uterus.  Sanguis 
vienstruus,  the  monthly  occurrence  of  which  con- 
stitutes menstruation.  The  first  appearance  of 
the  menses  —  menopha'nia  —  is  usually  preceded 
by  the  discharge  of  a  fluid  whitish  matter  from 
the  vagina;  by  nervous  excitement,  and  by  vague 
pains  and  heaviness  in  the  loins  and  thighs ; 
numbness  of  the  limbs,  tumefaction  and  hard- 
ness of  the  breasts,  &c.  More  or  less  indisposi- 
tion and  irritability  also  precede  each  successive 
recurrence  of  the  menstrual  flux.  In  temperate 
climates,  each  period  ordinarily  continues  from 
three  to  six  days ;  and  the  quantity  lost  varies 
from  four  to  eight  ounces.  The  menses  continue 
to  flow  from  the  period  of  puberty  till  the  age  of 
45  or  50.  At  the  term  of  its  natural  cessation, 
Menolip'sis,  3Ienespausie  (Gardanne,)  Menojiau'- 
s-is,  the  flux  becomes  irregular;  and  this  irregu- 
larity is  occasionally  accompanied  with  symp- 
toms of  dropsy,  glandular  tumours,  &c,  consti- 
tuting the  Paraine'nia  cessatio'nis  of  Good,  and 
what  is  called  the  critical  time  or  tur7i  of  life  ; 
yet  it  does  not  appear  that  the  mortality  is  in- 
creased by  it.  With  the  immediate  causes  of 
menstruation  we  are  unacquainted.  We  express 
only  our  ignorance,  when  we  assert  it  to  depend 
upon  periodicity ;  the  discharge  comes  from  the 
vessels  of  the  uterus  and  vagina,  and  differs  from 
ordinary  blood  by  its  peculiar  odour,  and  by  its 
not  coagulating.  It  is  evidently  connected  with 
the  condition  of  the  ovaries,  and  appears  to  be 
connected  with  the  periodical  discharge  of  ova 
from  them.  It  is  arrested,  as  a  general  principle, 
during  pregnancy  and  lactation.  In  warm  cli- 
mates, women  usually  begin  to  menstruate  early, 
and  cease  sooner  than  in  the  temperate  regions. 
The  quantity  lost  is  also  greater.  In  the  colder 
regions,  the  reverse  of  this  holds  as  a  general 
rule. 

Menses  Albi,  Leucorrhoea  —  m.  Anomalas, 
Paramenia  —  m.  Devii,  Menstruation,  vicarious 
—  m.  Dolorifici,  Dysmenorrhoea  —  m.  Retention 
of  the,  see  Amenorrhoea — m.  Suppression  of  the, 
Amenorrhoea. 

MENSIt'M  RETENTIO,  see  Amenorrhoea. 


MENSTRUA,  Menses— m.  Alba,  Leucorrhcea 
—  m.  Difficilia,  Dysmenorrhoea  —  m.  Dolorosa, 
Dysmenorrhoea  —  m.  Immodica,  Menorrhagia  — 
m.  Superflua,  Menorrhagia. 

MENSTRUAL,  Catamenial— m.  Flux,  Menses 

MENSTRUANT,  Jfen'struans,  from  menstrua, 
'the  catamenia.'     One  subject  to  the  catamenia. 

MENSTRUATIO  ANOMALA,  Paramenia  — 
m.  DifBcilis,  Dysmenorrhoea — m.  Dolorifica,  Dj'S- 
menorrhoea — m.  Impedita,  see  Amenorrhcea^m. 
Per  insolitas  Vias,  Menstruation,  vicarious. 

Menstrua'tio  Recidi'va.  Menstruation,  when 
protracted  beyond  the  usual  age. 

Menstruatio  Retenta,  Amenorrhoea,  Para- 
menia— m.  Suppressa,  Amenorrhoea,  Paramenia. 

MENSTRUA'TION,  Menstrua'tio,  Ghronogu'- 
nea,  Menorrhag"ia,  Fluxus  menstrua'lis.  Tha 
flow  of  the  menses. 

3IENSTR  UA  TION  DIFFICILE,  Dysmenor- 
rhoea  —  m.  DifiBcult,  Dysmenorrhoea  —  m.  Labo- 
rious, Dysmenorrhoea — m.  Profuse,  Menorrhagia. 

Menstrpation,  VicA'Riors,  is  that  which  oc- 
curs from  other  parts  than  the  uterus.  It  is 
called  Parame'nia  erro'ris,  3Ienorrhag"ia  erro'- 
nea,  Mensium  per  alie'na  loca  excre'tio,  Jlenses 
de'vii,  Aberra'tio  men'sium  seu  menstruo'rum, 
3Ienstrua' tio  per  insol'itas  vias,  HcBmatopla'nia 
seu  Hamopla'nia  menstrua'lis,  Menopla'nia,  (F.) 
Deviation  des  Regies,  Regies  deviees.  At  times, 
the  secreted  fluid  has  all  the  characters  of  the 
menstrual  secretion;  at  others,  it  appears  to  ba 
mere  blood. 

MENSTRUEL,  Catamenial. 

3IENSTRVES,  Menses. 

MENSTRUOUS,  Catamenial.  Also,  one  af- 
footed  with  the  menses  or  catamenia. 

MEN'STRUUM,  (F.)  Menstrue.  Same  ety- 
mon ;  —  the  menstruum  being,  of  old,  usually 
continued  in  action  for  a  month.  This  name  was 
formerly  given  to  every  substance  which  pos- 
sesses the  property  of  dissolving  others  slowly 
and  with  the  aid  of  heat.  At  present,  it  is  used 
synonymously  with  solvent.  Thus  —  water,  alco- 
hol, ether,  acids,  oils,  &c.,  are  menstrua. 

Menstruum  Auri,  Nitro-muriatic  acid  —  m. 
Ventriculi,  Gastric  juice. 

MENSU'RA  MED'ICA.  A  measure  of  48 
ounces. 

MENSURA'TION,  Meta'tio,  from  mensura, 
'measure.'  Measurement,  Medical  meas'uring. 
One  of  the  means  used  for  exploring  the  state  of 
the  thoracic  and  other  cavities.  It  consists  in  a 
comparative  measurement  of  each  side  of  the 
chest,  by  means  of  a  riband  extended  from  the 
median  line  of  the  sternum  to  the  spine.  When 
effusion  exists  on  one  side,  the  measurement  is 
usually  greater  than  on  the  other.  When,  on  the 
other  hand,  a  portion  of  a  lung  has  ceased,  for 
some  time,  to  exert  its  respiratory  functions,  the 
corresponding  side  of  the  chest  becomes  smaller, 
in  consequence  of  the  contraction  of  the  pleura, 
retraction  of  the  pulmonary  tissue,  and  greater 
approximation  of  the  ribs. 

MENTA,  Mentha,  Penis. 

MENTAGRA,  Mentulagra,  Sycosis  —  m.  In- 
fantum, Porrigo  lupinosa. 

MEN'TAGRAPHYTE,  Men'tagrophyte,  from 
mentagra,  and  (pvrov,  'a  plant.'  A  name  pro- 
posed by  M.  Gruby,  of  Vienna,  for  a  cryptogamio 
plant,  which  he  found  in  the  eruption  of  men- 
tagra. 

MENTAL,  Menta'lis,  from  mens,  'mind;'  be- 
longing or  relating  to  the  mind,  as  mental  phe- 
nom'ena,  mental  diseases  {Morbi  menta'les,)  <&c. 

In  Anatomy,  Mental,  Menta'lis,  (F.)  Menton- 
nier,  signifies  that  which  relates  to  the  chin ; 
from  mentum,  'the  chin.' 

Mental    Ar'tery,    (F.)    Artere   mentonnQrt, 


MENTHA 


554 


MEM  CUBE 


This  is  given  off  by  tbe  inferior  dental,  and  issues 
at  the  mental  foramen  to  be  distributed  on  the 
lower  lip. 

Mental  Fora'men,  (F.)  Trou  mentonnier,  An- 
te'rior  maxillary  F.,  is  the  outer  orifice  of  tbe 
inferior  dental  canal.  It  is  situate  on  the  outer 
surface  of  tbe  lower  jaw-bone,  opposite  the  second 
incisor,  or  the  canine  tooth,  and  gives  passage  to 
tbe  vessels  and  nerves. 

Mental  Fossa,  see  Fossa,  mental. 

Mental  Nerve,  (F.)  Nerf  mentonnier,  is,  fur- 
nished by  the  inferior  dental  nerve.  It  issues  by 
the  mental  foramen,  and  is  distributed,  in  nume- 
rous filaments,  to  the  muscles  of  the  lower  lip. 

Mental  Region,  Re'gio  menta'lis.  The  region 
of  the  chin. 

MENTHA  seu  MENTA  AQUAT'ICA,  Men- 
thaa'trwn,  Sisi/yn'brimn  menthastrum,  Mentha  pa- 
lus'iris  seu  hirsu'ta  seu  rotundi/o' lia.  palus'tn's, 
lial'samus  palus'tria,  Watermint,  (F.)  Menthe 
aqtiaiique,  31.  rouge.  Nat.  Ord.  Labiatae.  This  is 
leas  agreeable  than  the  3fe)itha  viridis,  and  more 
bitter  and  pungent.     It  is  used  like  spearmint. 

Mentha  Balsamea,  M.  piperita. 

Mentha  Capbn'sis,  which  grows  at  the  Cape 
of  Good  Hope,  possesses  tbe  medical  properties 
of  the  mints. 

Mentha  Cervi'na,  Harfs  pennyroyal,  Hyssop- 
leaved  mint,  Pule'gium  cervi'num,  (F.)  Ifenthe 
cervine.  Possesses  the  properties  of  pennyroyal, 
but  is  very  unpleasant. 

Mentha  Citrata,  Melissa. 

Mentha  Crispa,  M.  hercyn'ica,  Colymhif ' era 
minor.  Curled  Mint,  (F.)  Menthe  frissee,  3IentJie 
erepue,  Baume  d'eau  d  feuilles  ridees.  Possesses 
the  properties  of  peppermint. 

Mentha  Gentilis,  M.  viridis  —  m.  Hercynica, 
M.  crispa — m.  Hirsuta,  M.  Aquatiea — m.  Lajvi- 
gata,  M.  viridis  —  m.  OflScinalis,  M.  piperita  — 
ni.  Palustris,  M.  Aquatiea. 

Mentha  Piperi'ta,  Mentha  Piperi'tis  seu  offi- 
cinn'lis  seu  balsame'a.  Peppermint,  (F.)  Menthe 
2)oicree.  The  odour  of  this  variety  is  strong  and 
agreeable.  Taste,  pungent,  aromatic,  and  pro- 
ducing a  oensation  of  coldness  in  the  mouth. 
Virtues  depend  upon  essential  oil  and  camphor. 
It  is  stomachic  and  carminative.  It  is  ciiietiy 
used  in  the  form  of  essential  oil — the  oleum  tnen- 
thcB  piperita. 

Essence  of  Peppermint  consists  of  ol.  mentha 
pip.  ^ij,  sp.  vin.  recti/.,  coloured  with  sp)inach 
leave!,  Oij.     See  Tinctura  olei  menthse  piperitse. 

Mentha  Pule'gium,  Pulegium,  Pulegium  re- 
ga'le,  Pulegium  latifo'lium,  Glechon,  Pennyroyal, 
Pudding  grass,  (F.)  Pouliot.  Tbe  oil — O'leum 
pule'gii — possesses  tbe  virtues  of  the  plant.  It 
resembles  the  mints  in  general  in  properties. 
Amongst  tbe  vulgar,  it  is  esteemed  an  emmena- 
gogue. 

Mentha  Romana,  Balsamita  suaveolens,  Ta- 
nacetum  balsamita — m.  Rotundifolia  palustris, 
M.  aquatiea  —  m.  Saracenica,  Balsamita  suave- 
olens, Tanacetum  balsamita  —  m.  Sativa,  M.  vi- 
ridis—  m.  Spicata,  M.  viridis. 

Mentha  Vir'idis,  M.  Sati'va  seu  vulga'ris  seu 
aenti'lis  seu  spica'ta  seu  IcBviga'ta,  Sptearmint, 
(F.)  Menthe  sauvage,  Baume  des  jardins,  Menthe 
ver*e,  Menthe  des  jardins.  Odour  strong,  aroma- 
tie  ;  taste,  warm,  austere,  bitterish.  Virtues  tbe 
same  as  those  of  the  peppermint.  The  Oleum 
meuthis  viridis  is  obtained  from  it. 

Mentha  Vulgaris,  M.  viridis. 

MENTHASTRUM,  Mentha  aquatiea. 

5IENTHE  AQUATIQVE,  Mentha  aquatiea 
—  m.  Cervine,  Mentha  cervina  —  m.  Cvq,  Tana- 
cetum balsamita  —  m.  Cre^jwe,  Mentha  crispa  — 
IB.  Frissee,  Mentha  crispa  —  m.  des  Jardins  — 
Mentha  viridis  —  m.  PoivrSe,  Mentha  piperita  — 


m.  Rouge,  Mentha  aquatiea — m.  Sauvage,  Mentha 
viridis — m.  Verte,  Mentha  viridis. 

MENTIGO,  Porrigo  larvalis,  Sycosis. 

MENTIS3IE,  from  mens,  mentis,  'mind.'  Any 
irregular  movement  of  the  mind,  whether  from 
emotion  or  a  vivid  imagination.  ■ —  Baumes. 

MENTOBICORNEUS,  Geniohyoides. 

MENTO-LABIAL,  j¥e»to-/a6ia7/s.  Under  this 
name  Chaussier  has  united  the  Levator  labii  in- 
ferioris,  and  Quadratus  muscles.  See  Depressor 
labii  inferioris. 

Mento-labial  Furrott  :  a  transverse  depres- 
sion situate  between  the  lower  lip  and  the  chin, 
which  is  remarkable  for  the  perpendicular  direc- 
tion of  the  hairs  growing  upon  it. 

MENTON,  Mentum. 

MENTONNIER,  Mental— ni.  Labial,  Depres- 
sor labii  inferioris. 

3IENT0NNIERE,  see  Funda. 

MENTULA,  Penis  — m.  Muliebris,  Cereosis, 
Clitoris  —  m.  Parva,  Pipinna. 

MEN'TULAGRA,  Men'tagra.  A  hybrid  word, 
from  mentula,  '  the  penis,'  and  aypa,  '  a  seizure.' 
A  convulsive  erection  of  the  mentula  or  penis; 
such  as  is  said  to  be  sometimes  observed  in  eu- 
nuchs.    See  Pudendagra. 

MENTULATUS,  Membrosus. 

MENTUM,  Genei'on,  Geni'um,  Anthe'reon,  'the 
chin.'  (F.)  Menton.  The  inferior  and  middle 
part  of  tbe  face,  situate  below  the  lower  lip.  The 
chin  is  formed  of  skin,  areolar  tissue,  muscles, 
vessels,  nerves,  and  the  os  maxillare  inferius. 

MENYAN'THES  TRIFOLIA'TA,  Minyan'- 
thes,  Trifo'lium  paludo'sum  seu  aquat'icum  seu 
palus'tre  seu  fihri'num,  Menyan'thes,  Water  tre- 
foil, Buckbean,  Bogbean.  Nat.  Ord.  Gentianese. 
(F.)  Trefle  d'eau.  The  taste  is  intensely  bitter, 
and  is  extracted  by  water.  It  is  tonic,  anthel- 
mintic, diuretic,  cathartic,  and,  in  large  doses, 
emetic.  In  some  countries,  it  is  used  as  a  substi- 
tute for  hops  in  making  beer. 

Menyan'thes  Verna,  American  huch  heart, 
Ifarsh  trefoil.  Water  shamrock.  Bitter  root,  has 
similar  properties. 

MEOSIS,  Meiosis. 

MEPHJLT'IC,  Mephit'icus ;  from  a  Syriac  word, 
signifying  '  to  blow,  to  breathe.'  Any  thing  pos- 
sessed of  an  unwholesome  property,-  chiefly  ap- 
plied to  exhalations. 

MEPHITIS,  see  Mephitism  —  m.  Hepatica, 
Hydrogen,  sulphuretted — m.  Inflammabilis,  Hy- 
drogen—  m.  Urinosa,  Ammonia. 

MEPH'ITISM.  Same  etymon.  Any  perni- 
cious exhalation.  3fephi'tis  and  31op)he'ta,  (F.) 
3Iofette  ou  Moufette,  are  old  names  for  azote ; 
and,  in  general,  for  all  exhalations  and  gases  that 
are  unfit  for  respiration. 

MERACUS,  Merus. 

MERAMAUROSIS,  Hypamaurosis. 

MERAN^STHE'SIS,  3Ieran(Esthe'sia,  from 
H^poi,  'a  part,'  av,  'privative,'  and  atcBriats,  'sen- 
sation.'    Insensibility  of  a  part  of  the  body. 

MERATROPH'IA,  from  ixtpoi,  'a  part,'  and 
aTpo(pia,  'want  of  nourishment.'  Atrophy  of  some 
part  of  the  body. 

MERCURE,  Hydrargyrum — m.  Bichlorvre  de, 
Hydrargyri  oxj'murias  —  m.  avec  la  Craie,  Hy- 
drargyrum cum  creta  —  m.  C;-?(,  Hydrargyrum  — 
m.  Cyanure  de,  Hydrargyri  cyanuretum — m.  Eeit- 
tiodure  de,  Hj'drargyri  iodidum  rubrum  —  ?«. 
Ecuto-chlorure  de,  Hydrargyri  oxymurias  —  m. 
Boux,  Hydrargyri  submurias  —  m.  Gommeux  d« 
Plenclc,  Syrupus  de  mercuric  mediante  gunimi — 
m.  3[Hriate  oxygeni  de,  Hydrargyri  oxymurias — 
m.  Oxide  de,  cendre,  Hydrargyri  oxydum  cinere- 
um  —  m.  Oxide  gris  de,  Hydrarcyri  oxydum  ci- 
nereum — m.  Oxide  nitrique  dc,  Hydrargyri  nitri* 


MEECUEIAL 


555 


MEROCELE 


co-oxydum — m.  Oxide  noir  de,  Hydrargyri  oxy- 
dum  cinereum  —  m.  Oxide  rouge  de,  Hydrargyri 
oxydum  rubrum  —  m.  Periodure  de,  Hydrargyri 
iodidum  rubrum — m.  Protiodure  de,  Hydrargyri 
iodidum  —  m.  Protochlorure  de,  Hydrargyri  sub- 
murias  —  m.  Protoxide  de,  Hydrargyri  oxydum 
cinereum— m.  Sous-muriate  de,  precipite,  Hydrar- 
gyrum prsecipitatum  —  m.  Sous-sulfate  de,  Hy- 
drargyrus  vitriolatus — m.  Sulphure  de,  noir,  Hy- 
drargyri sulphuretum  nigrum  —  m.  Sulplmre  de, 
rouge,  Hydrargyri  sulphuretum  rubrum. 

MERCU'RIAL,  Mercuria'Us,  Hydrargyr' icum, 
Hydrargiir'ium.  That  which  contains  mercury. 
A  preparation  of  mercury. 

MERCURIA'LIS,  3/ercurin'lis  an'nua,  French, 
mercury.  It  has  been  esteemed  cathartic,  hyp- 
notic and  cosmetic,  and  has  been  chiefly  used  by 
way  oi  lavement.  See  Chenopodium  Bonus  Hen- 
ricus. 

MercuriAlis  Humor,  Humor  melancTiol'ieus. 
A  supposititious  humour  with  the  older  physi- 
cians, out  of  which  they  presumed  that  morbi 
melanchol'ici  seu  mercnria'les  arose. 

Mercurtalis  Peren'nis,  Cynocram'he,  Cani'na 
hras'sica.  M.  monta'na,  M.  Sylves'tris,,  Dog's  mer- 
cury. This  plant  is  possessed  of  acro-narcotic 
properties. 

MERCURIALISMITS,  Hydrargyriasis. 

MERCU'RIALIST,  il/e)-cM)-?a^M'>a;  from  mer- 
cnrius,  'mercury.'  One  inordinately  addicted  to 
prescribing  mercury. 

MERCURIALIZA'TION.  Same  etymon.  The 
state  of  being  aifected  by  mercuiy.  One  under 
the  influence  of  mercury  is  said  to  be  mercurial- 
ized. 

MERCURII  CALX  VITRIOLATA,  Hydrar- 
gyrus  vitriolatus  ^ — m.  Deuto-ioduretum,  Hydrar- 
gyri iodidum  rubrum  —  m.  Proto-ioduretum,  Hy- 
drargyri iodidum — m.  Sperma,  Hydrargyrus  ace- 
tatus — m.  Terra  foliata,  Hydrargyrus  acetatus. 

MERCURIUS,  Hydrargyrum  —  m.  Acetatus, 
Hydrargyrus  acetatus  —  m.  Alkalisatus,  Hydrar- 
gyrum cum  creta  —  m.'  Calcinatus,  Hydrargyri 
oxydum  rubrum — Causticus  flavus,  Hydrargyrus 
vitriolatus  —  m.  Cinereus,  Hydrargyri  oxydum 
cinereum — m.  Cinnabarinus,  Hydrargyri  sulphu- 
retum rubrum  —  m.  Corallinus,  Hydrargyri  nitri- 
co-oxydum — m.  Corrosivus,  Hydrargyri  oxymu- 
rias  —  m.  Corrosivus  ruber,  Hydrargyri  nitrico- 
oxydum  —  m.  Corrosivus  sublimatus,  Hydrargyri 
oxymurias  —  m.  Cosmeticus,  Hydrargyrum  prse- 
cipitatum —  m.  Dulcis,  Hydrargyri  submurias  — 
m.  Emeticus  flavus,  Hydrargyrus  vitriolatus  — 
m.  Gummosus  Plenckii,  Syrupus  de  mercurio 
mediante  gu<mmi— m.  Luteus,  Hydrargyrus  vitri- 
olatus— m.  Mortis,  Algaroth — m.  Niger  Moscati, 
Hydrargyri  oxydum  cinereum  —  m.  Prsecipitatus 
corrosivus,  Hydrargyri  nitrico-oxydum — m.  Prse- 
cipitatus niger,  Hydrargyri  oxydum  cinereum  — 
m.  Saccharatus,  Hydrargyrum  saceharatum — m. 
Solubilis  of  Hahnemann,  see  Hydrargyri  oxydum 
cinereum  —  m.  Sublimatus  dulcis,  Hydrargyri 
submurias  —  m.  cum  Sulphure,  Hydrargyri  sul- 
phuretum nigrum  —  m.  Terrestris,  Polygonum 
hydropiper  —  m.  Vitse,  Algaroth  —  m.  Zoticus 
Hartmanni.  Hydrargyri  submurias. 

MERCURY,  Hydrargyrum  —  m.  Acetate  of, 
Hydrargyrus  acetatus  —  m.  Acid,  nitrate  of,  see 
Hydrargyri  nitras  —  m.  Ammoniated,  Hydrargy- 
rum prascipitatum  —  m.  Ammonio- chloride  of, 
Hadrargyrum  prsecipitatum  —  m.  Bichloride  of, 
Hydrargyri  oxymurias — m.  Biniodide  of,  Hy- 
drargyri iodidum  rubrum,  see  Iodine  —  m.  Bisul- 
phuret  of,  Hydrargyri  sulphuretum  rubrum — m. 
Bromide  of,  see  Bromine  —  m.  with  Chalk,  Hy- 
drargyrum cum  cretS, — m.  Chloride  of,  mild,  Hy- 
drargyri submurias — m.  Cyanuret  of,  Hydrargyri 
Cyanuretum  —  m,  Deuto-iodide  of,  see  Iodine  — 


m.  Dog's,  Mereurialis  perenniB — m.  English,  Che- 
nopodium bonus  Henricus  —  m.  French,  Mercu- 
rial— m.  Iodide  of,  Hydrargyri  Iodidum — m.  Io- 
dide of,  red,  Hydrargyri  Iodidum  rubrum. 

Mercury,  Iodide  op  Chloride  or,  lod'idwn 
Hydrar'gyri  chlo'ridi,  Hydra}-' gyrum-  iodn'tum 
cum,  cMorido  mercurii,  (F.)  lodhydrargyrite  de 
chlorure  mercureux.  Made  by  the  reaction  of 
iodine  on  mild  chloride  of  mercury.  Two  iodides 
may  be  prepared  —  the  iodide  and  the  biniodide. 
Both  are  violent  irritants  :  the  biniodide,  espe- 
cially, is  a  powerful  caustic.  Both  have  been 
given  in  scrofula.  The  biniodide  is  only  used 
externally  like  nitrate  of  silver  in  scrofulous 
and  certain  syphilitic  ulcerations.  An  ointment 
of  the  iodide  (gr.  xv  ad  adipis  §ij)  is  rubbed  ou 
scrofulous  tumefactions. 

Mercury,  Iodo-Arsenite  of,  Arsenic  and 
Mercury,  iodide  of — m.  Muriate  of,  corrosive,  Hy- 
drargyri oxymurias  —  m.  Muriate  of,  mild,  Hy- 
drargyri submurias  —  m.  Nitrate  of,  Hydrargyri 
nitras  —  m.  Nitric  oxj'd  of,  Hydrargyri  nitrico- 
oxydum — -m.  Oxide  of,  black  or  gray,  Hydrar- 
gyri oxydum  cinereum  —  m.  Oxide  of,  red,  Hy- 
drargyri oxydum  rubrum  —  m.  Oxymuriate  of, 
Hydrargyri  oxymurias  —  m.  Periodide  of,  Hy- 
drargyri iodidum  rubrum  —  m.  Phosphuretted, 
Hydrargyrus  phosphoratus  —  m.  Precipitate  of, 
white,  Hydrargyrum  pracipitatum  —  m.  Proto- 
chloride  of,  Hydrargyri  submurias  —  m.  Protoio- 
dide  of,  see  Hydrargyri  iodidum,  and  Iodine — m. 
Prussiate  of,  Hydrargyri  cyanuretum  —  m.  Solu- 
ble, Hydrargyri  nitras  —  m.  Subchloride  of,  Hy- 
drargyri submurias  —  m.  Submuriate  of,  Hydrar- 
gyri submurias — m.  Sulphuret  of,  black,  Hydrar- 
gyri sulphuretum  nigrum  —  m.  Sulphuret  of,  red, 
Hydrargyri  sulphuretum  rubrum.  Realgar  —  m. 
Sulphuret  of,  with  Sulphur,  Hydrargyri  Sulphu- 
retum nigrum  —  m.  Supernitrate  of,  Solution  of, 
see  Hydrargyri  nitras — m.  Tartrate  of,  Hydrargyri 
tartras — m.  Three-seeded,  Acalypha  Virginica. 

Mercury  and  Arsenic,  Iodide  of.  Arsenic 
and  Mercury,  Iodide  of  —  m.  and  Quinia,  Proto- 
chloride  of,  Hydrargyri  et  Quinise  Protochlori- 
dum. 

MERDA,  Excrement. 

MERDIVOMUS,  Copremetus. 

MERDUS,  Excrement. 

3I:EBE  BES  PIANS,  Plan. 

MEREMPHRAX'IS,  from  /itjjof,  '  a  part,'  and 
citipptt^is,  '  obstruction.'  Obstruction  or  infarction 
of  an  organ. 

MERICUS,  Local. 

MERIDRO'SIS,  Sudor  partin'lis  seu  loea'lia  ; 
from  fiEoof,  '  a  part,'  and  'i^pwcriy,  '  sweating.'  A 
partial  perspiration. 

MERIMNA,  Cura. 

MERIMNE,  Cura. 

MERISIER,  Prunus  avium. 

MEROBALANEUM,  Bath,  partial 

MEROBALNEUM,  Bath,  partial. 

MEROCE'LE,  Iliroce'le,  Iferorix'is,  Merorr- 
hex'is,  from  i^cfog,  '  the  thigh,'  and  Kr)\ri,  '  tumour ;' 
Hernia  cruralia  seu  femora'lis.  Femoral  or  crural 
hernia,  (F.)  Hernie  crurale  ou  femorale.  In  this 
hernia,  the  viscera  issue  from  the  abdomen 
through  the  crural  canal ;  or  through  an  opening 
immediately  on  the  outer  side  of  Gimbernat's 
ligament,  which  gives  passage  to  lymphatic  ves- 
sels. This  affection  is  more  frequent  in  the  female 
than  in  the  male,  and  especially  In  those  who 
have  had  children.  The  tumour,  formed  by 
merocele,  is  generally  small,  round,  and  more  or 
less  diflBcult  of  reduction.  In  other  respects,  it 
possesses  all  the  characters  of  hernia.  The  neck 
of  the  sac  has,  close  on  the  outside,  the  epigastrio 
artery;  above,  the  spermatic  cord  and  spermatio 


MEROCOXALGIA 


556 


MESENTERY 


arte*y  in  the  male  —  the  round  ligament  in  the 
female ;  on  the  inside,  Gimbernat's  ligament ; 
and,  below  the  pubes.  When  the  obturator  artery 
arises  from  the  epigastric,  it  generally  passes  on 
the  outside  of  and  below  the  orifice  of  the  sac; 
sometimes,  however,  it  takes  a  turn  above,  and 
than  to  the  inside  of  the  opening.  J.  Cloquet 
asserts,  that  of  134  cases,  in  one  only  did  he  find 
the  epigastric  artery  on  the  inside  of  the  orifice 
of  the  sac. 

The  operation,  required  in  strangulation  of  this 
variety,  may  be  practised  on  the  aponeurotic 
opening,  by  cutting  downwards  and  inwards,  on 
the  side  of  Gimbernat's  ligament. 

MEROCOXALGIA,  Coxalgia. 

MERO'PIA,  from  /<fpos,  'a  part,'  and  di-i/,  'the 
eye.'     A  partial  obscurity  of  vision. 

MERORIXIS,  Merocele. 

MERORRHEU'MA,  Rheumatis'miis partia'Us, 
Rh.  loca'lis,  Bh.  Ifembro'rum  singulo'rum  ;  from 
^epof,  'a  part,'  and  pevfia,  '  defluxion,  rheumatism.' 
Rheumatism  affecting  a  part.  Topical  or  local 
rheumatism. 

MERORRHEXIS,  Merocele. 

MEROS,  Femur,  Thigh. 

MERRY-ANDREW.  An  itinerant  quack,  who 
exposes  his  nostrums  for  sale  at  fairs  aud  mar- 
kets. See  Charlatan. — So  called  from  Dr.  An- 
drew Boorde,  who  lived  in  the  reigns  of  Henry 
VIIL,  Edward  VI.,  and  Queen  Mary,  and  who 
was  in  the  habit  of  frequenting  fairs  and  markets 
at  which  he  harangued  the  populace. 

MERULIUS  AURICULA,  Peziza  auricula. 

MERUS,  Mera'cus,  A'cratos,  'pure,  genuine;' 
as  Viniun  merum,  unmixed  wine. 

Merus,  Femur,  Thigh. 

MERVINE  MALE,  Cypripedium  luteum. 

MERYCISMUS,  Rumination. 

MERYCOLOG"IA,  from  /xepvKu),  '1  ruminate,' 
and  \oyos,  '  a  description.'  Any  work  on  rumi- 
nation may  be  so  termed. 

MESA,  Genital  organs. 

MESAR^UM,  Mesentery. 

MESARAIC,  Mesenteric. 

MESEMAR,  Mismar. 

MESEMBRYANTHEMUM  COPTICUM,  see 
Soda. 

Mesembrtan'themum  Crystal'linum,  31. 
JicoVdes,  Di'am<y)}d  fig-maryyold,  Icc-2}lant,  (F.) 
Glaciale,  Crystalline.  Nat.  Ord.  Ficoideas :  a 
plant  common  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Cape 
Town.  It  has  been  recommended  in  dysuria, 
ischuria,  and  some  other  affections  of  the  urinary 
organs. 

MESEMBRYANTHEMUM  Edu'le  ;  sxidi  M.  acina- 
etforme.  South  African  plants,  are  much  used  as 
domestic  remedies  at  the  Cape.  The  expressed 
juice  of  the  leaves  acts  as  an  astringent  in  dy- 
sentery, and  as  a  mild  diuretic.  It  is  also  used 
as  an  antiseptic  gargle  in  malignant  sore  throat, 
violent  salivation  and  aphthas,  and  as  a  lotion  to 
burns  and  scalds. 

Mesembryan'themum  ToRTUo'suM,also  a  South 
African  plant,  is  said  to  possess  narcotic  proper- 
ties.  ^  ^ 

MESENCEPHALE,  Medulla  oblongata,  Pons 
Varolii.  ' 

MES'ENTERIC,  Mesara'ic,  Mesenter'icue,  Me- 
aara'icus,  Ifesarce'icns ;  from  itcatvrepiov,  or  /teaa- 
paiov,  '  the  mesentery.'  That  which  relates  or 
belongs  to  the  mesentery. 

Mesenteric  Arteries  are  two  in  number,  and 
distinguished  into,  1.  The  Superior  mesenteric, 
which  arises  from  the  anterior  part  of  the  abdo- 
minal aorta,  below  the  cceliac.  It  immediately 
descends  to  the  left,  forwards,  behind  the  pan- 
creag,  and  in  front  of  the  third  portion  of  the 


duodenum, — to  gain  the  superior  extremity  of  the 
mesentery,  where  it  makes  a  long  curvature,  the 
convexity  of  which  is  turned  forwards  and  to  the 
left.  Towards  the  termination  of  the  ileum,  it 
ends  by  anastomosing  with  a  branch  of  the  A. 
colica  dextra  inferior.  At  its  concavity,  it  gives 
off  the  three  Arteries  colica  dextrm,  which  belong 
to  the  great  intestine ;  and,  at  its  convexity,  ic 
sends  off  fifteen  or  twenty  branches,  which  are 
distributed  to  the  small  intestine,  after  having 
formed  numerous  arches  by  their  anastomoses. 

2.  The  Inferior  Mesenteric  Artery  arises  from 
the  anterior  part  of  the  abdominal  aorta,  an  inch 
and  a  half  before  its  termination.  It  descends, 
on  the  left  side,  behind  the  peritoneum ;  engages 
itself  in  the  substance  of  the  iliac  mesocolon, 
forming  a  considerable  curvature,  whose  con- 
vexity faces  the  left  side.  When  it  reaches  the 
brim  of  the  pelvis,  it  passes  along  the  posterior 
separation  of  the  mesorectum,  and  attains  the 
neighbourhood  of  the  anus,  under  the  name  Su- 
perior hemorrhoidal  artery.  It  gives  off  no  branch 
at  its  concave  part;  but,  from  the  convex,  the 
three  Arteria  colicm  sinistrcB  arise. 

Mesenteric  Disease,  Tabes  mesenterica. 

Mesenteric  Glands  are  the  lymphatic  gfin- 
glions  of  the  mesentery.  Through  them,  the 
chyliferous  vessels  pass  to  the  thoracic  duct. 
Their  uses  are  unknown.  When  diseased,  nutri- 
tion is  interfered  with,  and  atrophy  produced. 

Mesenteric  Hernia.  If  one  of  the  layers  of 
the  mesentery  be  torn  by  a  blow,  whilst  the  other 
remains  in  its  natural  state,  the  intestines  may 
insinuate  themselves  into  the  aperture,  and  form 
a  kind  of  hernia.     It  is  not  known  during  life. 

Mesenteric  Plexuses  are  furnished  by  the 
solar  plexus,  and  have  been  distinguished  into 
superior  and  inferior  j-  like  the  mesenteric  arte- 
ries which  they  accompany. 

Mesenteric  or  Mesaraic  Veins  are  two  in 
number,  and  belong  to  the  vena  porta.  They 
are  distinguished  into,  1.  The  Superior  mesenteric 
or  mesaraic  or  great  mesaraic.  This  trunk  re- 
ceives, from  above  to  below  and  on  the  right  side, 
the  three  vence  colica  dextra  and  the  Gastro-epi- 
piloica  dextra.  Into  its  left  side,  the  veins  of  the 
small  intestine  open.  It  passes  in  front  of  the 
transverse  portion  of  the  duodenum ;  and,  behind 
the  pancreas,  unites  with  the  splenic  vein  to  con- 
cur in  the  formation  of  the  vena  porta. 

The  inferior  or  lesser  mesenteric  vein  corre- 
sponds to  the  artery  of  the  same  name,  and 
opens  into  the  splenic,  near  the  union  of  that 
vein  with  the  superior  mesenteric,  and  behind 
the  pancreas. 

MESENTERIITIS,  Mesenteritis. 

MESENTERI'TIS,  Mcsenterii'tis,  Empres'ma 
peritoni'lis  mesenter'ica,  Enteri'tis  mcsenter'iea, 
Inflamma'tion  of  the  mesentery.  The  pain  is  here 
deeper  seated  and  more  immediately  in  the  me- 
senteric region.  The  external  tenderness  is  less 
than  in  some  of  the  other  varieties  of  peritonitis. 
See  Tabes  Mesenterica. 

MESENTERIUM,  Mesentery  — m.  Crassum, 
Mesocolon. 

MESENTERON,  Mesentery. 

M  E  S'E  NT  E  R Y,  3Iesen  ter'ium,  Mesarai'on, 
Mesara'um,  Media'mim,  ilemhra'na  pinguis  in- 
testino'rum,  Lades,  Mesen'teron,  Ifcsera'um,  Jfe- 
sora''um,  Medium  intesti'mun,  E]nchor'dis,  from 
//f<rof,  'in  the  middle,'  and  cvnpov,  'intestine.' 
(F.)  3Iesentere.  A  term  in  anatomy,  applied  to 
several  duplicatures  of  the  peritoneum,  which 
maintain  the  different  portions  of  the  intestinal 
canal  in  their  respective  situations;  allowing, 
however,  more  or  less  motion.  They  are 
formed  of  two  laminEe,  between  whicli  are  con- 
tained the  corresponding  portion  of  intestine  and 


MESERA 


557 


MESPILUS 


the  vessels  that  pass  to  it.     One  only  of  these 
duplicatures  has   received  the    name  mesentery, 
properly  so   called.     This  belongs   to  the  small 
intestine,  which  it  suspends  and  retains  in  situ. 
Its  posterior  margin,   which   is   the  smallest,  is 
straight,   and  descends   obliquely  from   the   left 
side  of  the  body  of  the  second  lumbar  vertebra 
to  the  right  iliac  fossa.     Its  anterior  margin  is 
curved,  undulating,  plaited,  and  corresponds  to 
the  whole  length   of  the   small  intestine.     The 
mesentery   contains,   between   the   two   laminas 
which  form  it,  a  number  of  lymphatic  ganglions; 
the  trunks  and  branches  of  the  mesenteric  ves- 
sels ;  the  nervous  plexuses  accompanying  them, 
and  many  lacteals  and  lymphatics. 
MESERA,  Tutia. 
MESER^EUM,  Mesentery. 
MESERAION,  Mesentery. 
ME'SIAL,  from  iitcos,  'in  the  middle.'     Re- 
lating or  appertaining  to  the  middle. 

Mesial  Plane,  an  imaginary  jilane,  dividing 
the  head,  neck,  and  trunk  into  similar  halves, 
towards  right  and  left.  Every  aspect  towards 
this  plane  is  mesial ;  and  every  aspect  towards 
right  or  left  is  lateral;  every  lateral  aspect  being 
dextral  or  sinistral. 

MESIAMUM,  Aniceton. 

MESMER'IO,  3fesmer'icv.s.  Relating  to  mes- 
merism or  animal  magnetism: — as  the  'mesmeric 
state,'  '  mesmeric  sleep,'  &e.  &c. 

MESMERISM,  Magnetism,  animal. 
MES'MERIST.    A  practiser  of,  or  believer  in, 
mesmerism. 

MESWEB.IZA'TIO'R,  Ifagnetisa'tion.  The  act 
of  mesmerizing.  The  state  of  being  mesmerized. 
MES'MERIZED,  3Iesmeriza'tus,  Maq'netized. 
Affected  with  mesmerism  or  animal  magnetism. 
When  the  person  is  in  a  state  of  '  magnetic  sleep,' 
he  is  said  to  be  hyp'notized. 

MES'MERIZER,  An'imal  ilngneti' zer,  Mag- 
neti'zer.     One  who  practises  mesmerism. 

MESO,  fieiyos,  'in  the  middle.'  A  prefix  to 
certain  words. 

MESOBREGMATE,  see  Cranium. 
MESOC^'CUM.     A  name  given  to  a  dupliea- 
ture  of  the  peritoneum,  (in  some  persons  only,) 
at  the  posterior  part  of  the  caecum. 

MESOGEPHALE,  Medulla  oblongata.  Pons 
Yarolii. 

MESOCHON'DRIAC,  MesocTiondri' acus ,•  from 
ficaos,  and  x^^opos,  '  cartilage.'  A  name  given  by 
Boerhaave  to  fleshy  fibres  situate  between  the 
cartilaginous  rings  of  the  trachea. 

MESOCOL'IC  HERNIA.  Hernia  is  so  named 
by  Sir  Astley  Cooper,  when  the  bowels  glide  be- 
tween the  layers  of  the  mesocolon. 

MESOCO'LOJT,  Ifesoco'lum,  Mesenter-'iumcras- 
8i!W,  from  n€(To;,  and  kij>}.ov,  'the  colon.'  A  name 
given  to  the  duplicatures  of  the  peritoneum, 
which  fix  the  different  parts  of  the  colon  to  the 
abdominal  parietes.  It  has  received  different 
names,  according  to  its  situation.  The  right 
lumbar  mesocolon  fixes  the  ascending  colon  to  the 
corresponding  lumbar  region.  The  transverse 
mesocolon  arises  from  the  co'neave  arch  of  the 
colon,  and  forms  a  septum  between  the  epigastric 
and  umbilical  regions.  Its  inferior  portion  is 
continuous  with  the  mesentery.  The  left  lumbar 
mesocolon,  which  contains  the  ascending  colon,  is 
continuous  below  with  the  Iliac  mesocolon.  The 
last  includes  between  its  layers  the  sigmoid  flex- 
ure of  the  colon,  and  ends  in  the  mesorectum. 
Under  the  right  kidney,  it  is  narrow  and  firm, 
and  forms  the  right  lig'ament  of  the  colon:  at  the 
under  end  of  the  left  kidney,  it  forms  the  left 
lig'ament  of  the  colon. 
MESOCRANIUM,  Sinciput. 


MESOCRANUM,  Sinciput. 
MESODERMUM,  Corpus  mucosum. 
MESODME,  Mediastinum. 
MESODMI'TIS,  from  ficao&ixr),  'the  mediasti- 
num,' and   itis,  'inflammation.'    '  MesotcecM'tis, 
3Iediastini'tis,  Injlamma'tio  mediasti'ni.     Inflam- 
mation of  the  mediastinum. 

MESOGASTRIUM,  Umbilical  region. 
.    MESOGLOSSUS,  Genioglossus. 
MESOGLOTTUS,  Genioglossus. 
MESOGONIUM,  Internodium. 
MESOLO'BAR.    Belonging  to  the  Mesolobe  or 
Corpus  callo'stiin. 

Mesolobar  Arteries,  Arte'rim  mesolob'icm, 
A.  cor'poris  callo'si  cer'ebri,  are  the  arteries  of 
the  corpus  callosum. 

MESOLOBE,  Corpus  callosum. 
MESOMER'IA,   from   neuo;,   and    iiepo^,   'the 
thigh.'     The  parts  of  the  body  situate  between 
the  thighs  or  hips. 

MESOMERION,  PerinjBum. 
MESOMPHALUM,  Umbilicus. 
MESOPHLEB'IUM,  from  ^ecoi,  'in  the  mid, 
die,'  and  ^Ati^,  'a  vein;'  luterve' nium.     The  space 
between  two  veins. 

MESOPH'RYON,  GlahelVa,  Gahel'la,  Intercil'- 
ium,  3feto'pivm,  Nasal  eminence.  The  part  be- 
tween the  eyebrows;  from  ^eo-os,  'the  middle,' 
and  o(ppva,  '  the  eyebrows.' 

MESOPLEURIUM,  Intercostal  space. 
MESOPLEURIUS,  Intercostal. 
MESOR^UM,  Mesentery. 
MESOR'CHIUM,  from  nciro;,  'the  middle,'  and 
opxi^i}  *£i  testicle.'     A  diiplicature  of  the  perito- 
neum, which  supports  the  testicle  in  its  passage 
from  the  abdornen  into  the  scrotum.  —  Seller. 

MESORECTUM.  A  hybrid  word;  from /is<roj, 
and  rectum,  'the  intestine  rectum.'  A  triangular 
reflection,  formed  by  the  peritoneum,  between  the 
posterior  surface  of  the  rectum  and  the  anterior 
surface  of  the  sacrum.  Between  the  two  layers 
of  which  the  mesorectum  is  composed  are  found 
much  areolar  tissue,  and  the  termination  of  the 
inferior  mesenteric  vessels. 
MESOS,  Meso. 

MESOSCELOCELE,  Hernia,  perineal. 
MESOSCELON,  Perinasum. 
MESOSCELOPHY'MA,  from  Mesoscelon,  'pe- 
rinagum,'  and  (pvjxa,  '  swelling.'    A  tumour  of  the 
perinseum. 

MESOTH'ENAR,  from  ,xtao?,  and  ^tvap,  'the 
thenar,'  'the  palm  of  the  hand.'  A  muscle, 
which  carries  the  thumb  towards  the  palm. 
Winslow  applied  the  term  to  the  adductor  polli- 
cis,  united  to  the  deep-seated  portion  of  the  flexor 
brevis  pollieis. 

MESOT'ICA,  from  ^tao?,  'middle.'     Diseases 
affecting  the  parenchyma.     Pravity  in  the  quan- 
tity or  quality  of  the  intermediate  or  connecting 
substance  of  organs  ;  without  inflammation,  fever, 
or  other  derangement  of  the  general  health.    The 
first  Order,  class  Eceritica  of  Good. 
MESOTCECHITIS,  Mesodmitis. 
MESOTCECHIUM,  Mediastinum. 
MESOTCECHUM,  Mediastinum. 
MES'PILUS,  Mespilus  German'iea  seu  domes'- 
tica.     The  medlar,  (F.)  Nejlier.     The  fruit,  (F.) 
Nefle,  and  seeds  of  the  medlar  have  both  been 
used  medicinally : — the  immature  fruit  as  an  as- 
tringent, and  the  seeds  in  nephritic  diseases.    Sea 
Cratasgus  Aria  and  Sorbus  acuparia. 

Mespilus  Aria,  Cratfegus  aria — m.  Domestica, 
Mespilus,  Sorbus  domestica — m.  Germanica,  Mes- 
pilus— m.  Intermedia,  Mespilus  oxyacantha — m. 
Lsevigata,  Mespilus  oxyacantha. 
Mespilus  Oxyacan'tha,  31.  Oxi/acantJioi'df* 


META 


558 


METAMORPHOPSIA 


Beu  interme'dia  sen  IcBviga'fa,  Oxyacaniha,  Spina 
alba,  White  Hawthorn,  (F.)  Auhepine.  Th6 
flowers  of  this  uncommon  European  plant  are 
sometimes  used  in  infusion  as  a  pectoral. 

Mespilus  OxyACANTHOiDES,  Mespilus  oxya- 
cantha. 

META,  fiiTa,  Meth',  iieO',  'with,'  'together 
with,'  '  after,'  '  change  of  form  and  place.'  A 
common  prefix  to  words.     Hence  : 

METAB'ASIS,  Tran'situs,  MetaVole,  Meta- 
bol'ia,  Metal'kcje,  Jfetallax'ia,  from  ficrafiaivui, 
'I  digress.'  A  change  of  remedy,  practice,  Ac. 
— Hippocrates. 

METABOLE,  Metabasis,  Transformation. 

METABOLEL'OGY,  Metaholelog" ia ;  from 
fLCTa^oXn,  '  change,'  and  Xoyoi,  '  a  description.' 
A  description  of  the  changes  which  supervene  in 
the  course  of  a  disease. 

METABOLIA,  Metabasis. 

METABOL'IC,  MetahoV icus,  from  utraPoXn, 
'change.'  Appertaining  to  change  or  transfor- 
mation. 

Metabol'ic  Fokce.  a  term  employed  by 
Schwann  for  the  power  possessed  by  living  cells 
of  changing  the  character  of  the  substances 
brought  in  contact  with  them. 

METACAR'PAL,  Metacarpia'nus,  (P.)  Meta- 
carpien.  Pi,elating  or  belonging  to  the  meta- 
carpus. 

Metacarpal  Arterv,  Arte'ria  dorsa'lis  meta- 
ear'pi,  arises  from  the  radial,  at  the  moment  it 
engages  itself  in  the  upper  extremity  of  the  ab- 
ductor indieis.  It  descends  obliquely  upon  the 
back  of  the  hand.  Its  branches  are  distributed 
to  the  abductor  indieis,  and  the  integuments : 
some  communieato  with  the  dorsalis  carpi. 

Metacarpal  Articula'tions  are  those  by 
which  the  last  four  metacarpal  bones  are  united 
together  at  their  upper  extremity. 

Metacarpal  Bones,  or  bones  which  compose 
the  metacarpus,  are  five  in  number ;  and  distin- 
guished into  first,  second,  third,  &c.,  beginning 
from  the  outer  or  radial  side.  They  are  articu- 
lated by  their  superior  extremity  with  the  bones 
of  the  second  range  of  the  carpus ;  and  by  the 
lower  with  the  first  phalanges. 

Metacarpal  Lig'ament,  Infe'rior  palmar  Li g'- 
ament,  is  a  fibrous  band,  stretched  transversely 
before  the  inferior  extremities  of  the  last  four 
metacarpal  bones,  which  it  keeps  in  their  respec- 
tive positions. 

Metacarpal  Phalan'ges  are  the  first  pha- 
langes of  the  fingers;  so  called,  because  they 
are  articulated  with  the  bones  of  the  metacarpus. 

Metacarpal  Range  or  row  of  the  carpal 
bones,  (F.)  RmujSe  metaearpienne  du  carpe,  is 
the  lower  row  of  carpal  bones  ;  so  called  because 
they  are  articulated  with  the  bones  of  the  meta- 
carpus. It  is  composed  of  the  trapezium,  trape- 
zoides,  magnum,  and  unciforme. 

METACARPEUS,  Abductor  metacarpi  minimi 
digiti. 

METACARPIEN,  Metacarpal  — m.  du  Petit 
doigt,  Opponens  minimi  digiti — m.  du  Pouee,  Op- 
ponens  pollicis. 

METACARPION,  Metacarpus. 

metacarpo-phalang^us  pollicis. 

Adductor  pollicis  nianus. 

METACAR'PO-PIIALAN'GIAN,  Metacarpo- 
phalangia' 11118,  Ilctacarpo-phal' angnl,  (F.)  Meta- 
earpo-phalangien.  Thau  which  belongs  to  the 
metacarpus  and  phalanges. 

METACARPO-PaALANGIAN  Or  MetACARPO-PhA- 

lANGAL  Articulations  are  formed  by  the  bones 
ef  the  metacarpus  af..I  the  corresponding  pha- 
langes. In  these  articulations,  the  bony  surfiices 
oro  intrusted  with  cartilage,  covered  by  a  syno- 


vial membrane,  and  kept  in  connexion  by  means 
of  an  anterior  and  two  lateral  ligaments. 

METACARPO-PHALANGIEN  LATERAL 
SUS-PALMAIRE,^  ET  3IETACARP0-PHA- 
LANGIEN  LATERAL,  Interosseus  manus. 

METACAR'PUS,  from  utra,  '  after,'  and  car- 
pus, 'the  wrist;'  Metacar' p)ion,  Postbra'chia'le, 
Postcar'piiim,  Torus  manus,  (F.)  3Ietacarpe.  The 
part  of  the  hand  comprised  between  the  carpus 
and  fingers.  It  is  composed  of  five  parallel  bones, 
called  metacarpal  ;  forming  the  back  of  the  hand, 
externally,  and  the  palm  internally. 

METACERASMA,  Cerasma. 

METACHEIRIXIS,  Surgery. 

METACHIRISIS,  Surgery. 

METACHIRISMUS,  Surgery. 

METACHORESIS,  Metastasis. 

METACINEMA,  Metastasis. 

METACINESIS,  Metastasis. 

METACONDYLE,  see  Phalanx. 

METACYE'SIS,  from  yura,  'after,'  and  Kvnan, 
'pregnancy;'  Gravid' itas  extra-%iteri'na  secunda'- 
ria.  Extra-uterine  pregnancy  in  which  the  foetus 
is  at  first  in  the  uterus,  but  subsequently  in  some 
other  place. 

METADERMATO'SIS,  from  ficra,  'after,'  and 
Sepixa,  '  skin.'  A  morbid  development  of  the  epi- 
dermis or  epithelium. 

METAL,  Metal'lum.  A  class  of  simple,  com- 
bustible bodies ;  distinguished  from  others  by 
considerable  specific  gravity ;  a  particular  splen- 
dour; almost  total  opacity;  insolubility  in  water; 
and  the  property  they  have  of  ringing  when 
struck.  Metals  have  no  eiFect,  except  of  a  me- 
chanical nature,  when  taken  into  the  stomach  ; 
unless  they  have  already  undergone,  or  undergo 
in  the  stomach,  oxidation  or  union  with  an  acid ; 
when  sevei-al  most  deleterious  compounds  may 
be  formed.  Copper  cents  ;  half-pence;  quicksil- 
ver; lead,  have  frequently  been  swallowed  in  the 
metallic  state  with  impunity.  Tin  and  mercury 
are  the  only  metals  prescribed  for  a  mechanical 
eifect;  the  former  as  an  anthelmintic,  —  the  lat- 
ter, idly  enough,  in  cases  of  fancied  intussuscep- 
tion. 

METAL  BES  CLOCHES,  Bell-metal. 

METALLAGE,  Metabasis. 

METALLAXIS,  Metallage. 

METALLIC  VOICE,  Tintement  metailicjue. 

METALLODYN'IA,  from  iieTa\Xov,  '  a  metal,' 
und  oivvrj,  'pain.'  Pain  owing  to  the  injurious 
influence  of  a  metal — as  lead,  quicksilver,  <S:e. 

METALLUM,  Metal — m.  Hamatopoieticum, 
Ferrum. 

MET  AMORPHOP '  SIA ,  Phantasmascop '  ia , 
PhantasmatoBcop'ia,  from  /itra/iop^oo),  (n^Ta,  and 
Itop'Pn,  'form,)  'I  transform,'  and  wi^,  'the  eye.' 
Snffu'sio,  Suffu'sio  Oculo'rum,  Suffii'sin  metamor- 
pho'sis,  S.  Myo'des,  Imagination  (Maitre-Jean) ; 
Grtipsia,  Marmar'yge,  Marmor'yge,  Mac'vlcB  ante 
oc'ulos  volitan'tes,  Marau'gia,  Oe'uli  mavmavy- 
go'des.  False  sight,  (P.)  Berlue.  Aberration  of 
the  sense  of  sight,  which  transmits  the  image  of 
imaginary  objects.  This  affection  sometimes  de- 
pends on  a  slight  opacity  in  the  transparent  parts 
of  the  eye;  the  cornea,  crystalline,  or  vitreous 
humour,  when  it  is  symptomatic  and  of  no  con- 
sequence. At  other  times,  it  appears  to  be  idio- 
pathic; and  occurs  particularly  in  those  wlio 
have  been  in  the  habit  of  constantly  fixing  their 
eyes  on  very  brilliant  or  small  bodies.  The  ob- 
jects fancied  to  be  seen  are  various.  They  are 
sometimes  circular,  perpetually  moving,  or  shin- 
ing or  black  spots,  cobwebs,  insects,  or  pieces  of 
^ood — when  they  are  often  termed  Muscat  voli- 
tan'tes, {¥.)  Mouches  volantes,  and  the  condition 


METAMORPHOSIS 


559 


METEOROLOGY 


Visits  mnsea' rum,  Scotom' ata,  Suffu'sio  Jft/o'des, 
Jlyiodeop'sia,  3fyodeopsia,  Visits  musca'  rum. 
These  appearances  sometimes  continue  for  a  few 
days  ;  being  dependent  on  the  state  of  the  nerves 
of  the  individual  at  the  time;  or  they  may  exist 
for  life,  and  ultimately  impair  the  sight.  Certain 
of  them  change  their  position,  and  appear  to  be 
seated  in  the  humours  of  the  eye,  and  —  it  has 
been  supposed  —  in  the  vitreous  humour  more 
especially  :  hence  the  term  entohy' aloid  musccB 
applied  to  them. 

If  the  affection  be  symptomatic,  it  is  of  but 
little  moment.  If  idiopathic,  and  connected  with 
any  excitement  of  the  brain,  which  is  not  often 
the  case,  attention  will  have  to  be  paid  to  that 
organ. 

METAMORPHOSIS  VENTRICULI  GELA- 
TINIFORMIS,  Gastromalacia. 

METANGISMOS,  Decantaticn. 

METAPEDIUM,  Metatarsus. 

METAPHRENON,  Dorsum. 

METAPHYTEIA,  Transplantatio. 

METAPODIUM,  Metatarsus. 

METAPOROPCE'IA,  Metaporopoie'sis,  from 
p^ra,  '  after,'  ~opog,  '  a  pore,'  and  ttoulv,  '  to  make.' 
The  change  produced  in  the  minute  pores,  in  the 
capillary  extremities  of  vessels, — when  they  pass 
from  the  morbid  to  the  healthy  condition. — Galen. 

METAPTO'SIS,  Metaschematis'mus,  Metasche- 
mat'isis.  Mutation,  change;  from  ncra-ntTia, 
{jitTa,  and  irtTTTuj,  'I  fall,)  'I  digress.'  Any 
change  in  the  form  or  seat  of  a  disease.  Trans- 
formation. 

METARRHCE'A,  Metar'rhysis,  from  mcta, 
'change  of  form  or  place,'  and  p£«),  'I  flow.'  Re- 
flux. The  transfer  of  a  disease  from  without  to 
within,  or  from  one  part  to  another. 

METARRHYSIS,  Metarrhoea. 

METASCHEMATISIS,  Metaptosis. 

METASCHEMATISMUS,  Metaptosis. 

METAS'TASIS,  Metachore'sis,  iVetacine'tna, 
Metacine'sis,  from  fiiOiarrifii,  (fiera,  and  oratrif, 
place,')  'I  change  place.'  Displace'ment,  Trans- 
In'tion.  A  change  in  the  seat  of  a  disease ;  at- 
tributed, by  the  Humorists,  to  the  translation  of 
the  morbific  matter  to  a  part  different  from  that 
■which  it  had  previously  occupied :  and  by  the 
Solidists,  to  the  displacement  of  the  irritation. 
It  has  also  been  used  in  the  same  extensive  sense 
as  Metaptosis.  Disputes  have  often  been  in- 
dulged, whether  a  case  of  metastasis  ought  not 
rather  to  be  esteemed  one  of  extension  of  the  dis- 
ease. The  phenomena  of  gout  and  acute  rheu- 
matism are  in  favour  of  metastasis  occasionally 
supervening. 

Metastasis  Lactjs,  Galactoplania,  Phlegma- 
tia  dolens. 

METASTAT'IC,  Ifetastat'ieus.  Belonging  or 
relating  to  metastasis.  A  metastatic  crisis  is  one 
produced  by  metastatis; — a  metastatic  affection, 
one  caused  by  metastasis,  Ac.  See  Abscess,  me- 
tastatic. 

METASYN'CRISIS,  from  o-uy/cfHvu,  'I  com- 
pose,' and  fiiTa,  which  indicates  a  change.  Re- 
composi"tion.  A  word  employed  by  some  disciples 
of  Asclepiades.  This  physician  supposed,  that 
all  animals  are  formed  by  the  union  or  a,ssem- 
blage  of  atoms.  He  designated  all  bodies  by  the 
word  a-vyKptuara,  which  signifies  '  assemblage.' 
XvyKpivta&at,  '  to  be  assembled,'  was,  with  him, 
synonymous  with  'to  exist;'  a,nd  SiaKpiv£<7^ai,  'to 
separate,'  was,  with  him,  synonymous  with  '  to 
dissolve,'  '  to  cease  to  exist.'  The  word  Metasyn- 
crisis  was  invented  to  express  the  recomposition 
of  bodies  after  their  momeniary  dissolution. 
Some  have  rendered  the  word  by  the  Latin  Ee- 
iMt'pora'tio, 


METASYNCRIT'IC,  Iletasyncrit'icus,  Recm  - 
porati'vus.  Belonging  or  relating  to  metasyncri- 
sis.  A  name  formerly  given  to  medicines  to 
which  was  attributed  the  virtue  of  producing  the 
metasyncrisis  or  regeneration  of  the  body,  or 
some  of  its  parts. 

Metasyncritic  Cycle  meant  a  determinate 
series  of  remedies  emploved  for  this  purpose. 

METATAR'SAL,  3Ieiatar'seus,  (F.)  Metatar- 
sien.     Relating  or  belonging  to  the  metatarsus. 

Metatarsal  Artery,  j4.?-?e?-e  sus-metatarsiennfi 
of  Chaussier,  arises  from  the  Arteria  dorsa'Ua 
Tarsi ;  passes  transversely  over  the  back  of  tbo 
foot;  and  furnishes,  at  its  convexity,  which  is 
anterior,  three  branches,  called  A.  interos'sem 
dorsa'les  Pedis.  These  branches  are  distributed 
in  the  interosseous  spaces. 

Metatarsal  Articula'tions  are  those  result- 
ing from  the  junction  of  the  metatarsal  hones 
with  each  other.  They  are  strengthened,  behind, 
by  dorsal  and  plantar  ligaments;  and  be/ore,  by 
a  transverse  metatarsal  ligament,  which  is  plantar, 
and  has  the  greatest  analogy  to  the  inferior  trans- 
verse metacarpal  ligament. 

Metatarsal  Bones,  (F.)  Os  metatarsiens,  are 
five  in  number,  and  distinguished  by  their  num- 
ber ;  Jirst,  second,  third,  Ac,  reckoning  from  the 
outer  side. 

Metatarsal  Phalanges,  are  the  first  pha- 
langes of  the  toes  ;  so  called  because  they  are 
united  to  the  metatarsus. 

Metatarsal  Row^(F.)  Rangee  metatarsicnne 
—  of  the  bones  of  the  tarsus,  is  the  second  row, 
or  that  contiguous  to  the  metatarsus  ;  compre- 
hending the  cuboides  and  three  cuneiform  bones  : 
some  add  the  scaphoides. 

METATARSEUS,  see  Abductor  minimi  digiti 
pedis. 

METATARSIEN,  Metatarsal. 

METATARSO-PHALAN'GIAN,  3fetatarso- 
phalangia'nus,  3Ietatarso-p)halangal.  Relating 
to  the  metatarsus  and  phalanges. 

Metatarso-Phalangian  or  Metatarso-pha- 
LANGAL  Articulations  are  formed  by  the  bones 
of  the  metatarsus  and  the  corresponding  pha- 
langes. They  bear  the  greatest  analogy  to  the 
metacarpo-plialangian  articidaiions. 

METATARSO-PHALANGIEN-LATERAL, 
see  Interossei  pedis  —  m.  Sous-phalangien  trans- 
versal du  premier  orteil,  Transversus  pedis. 

METATAR'SUS,  Jfetatar'simn,  lletape' dium, 
Metapo'dium,  Pr<Bcor'  diiim  seu  So' Hum  pedis, 
Vestig"inm  pedis,  from  /leTa,  '  after,'  and  rapc-of, 
'  the  tarsus.'  That  part  of  the  foot  which  is  situ- 
ate between  the  tarsus  and  toes,  corresponding 
with  the  metacarpus.  It  is  composed  of  five  pa- 
rallel bones ;  one  to  each  toe.  Like  the  metacar- 
pal bones,  they  are  developed  from  two  points  of 
ossification. 

METATH'ESIS,  from  peraTiSriiu,  {nera,  and 
Tidvixi, 'to  place,')  'I  change  place.'  Travspo- 
sit"io.  An  operation,  by  which  a  morbific  agent 
is  removed  from  one  place  to  another,  where  it 
may  produce  less  disturbance  in  the  exercise  of 
the  functions : — as,  for  example,  in  the  operation 
of  depressing  cataract,  or  when  calculus  in  the 
urethra  is  pushed  back  into  the  bladder.  Aho, 
Derivation. 

METATIO,  Mensuration. 

METATOC'IA,  from  fiera,  '  change  of  form  o? 
place,'  and  tokos,  'birth.'  Parturition  in  a  pr&. 
ternatui-al  manner.     Preternatural  labour. 

METATOPTOSIS,  Diadexis. 

METE^^SOMATOSUS,  Incorporation. 

METEORISMUS,  Sublimation,  Tympanites. 

METEOROL'OGY,    Mefcorolog"ia,    from   p» 
Ttiapos,  'a  meteor,'  and  \oyos,  'a  discourse.'    Tifc 


METER 


560 


METRIOPATHIA 


enlence,  whose  object  is  a  knowledge  of  tte  ori- 
gin, formation,  appearance,  &o.  of  meteors.  The 
state  of  the  atmosphere  has  a  most  important 
bearing  upon  the  health  of  animals.  The  whole 
range  of  epidemic  affections  have  their  causes 
seated  there.  Meteorological  affections  have, 
hence,  ever  been  attended  to  by  the  physician  for 
the  purpose  of  detecting  the  precise  character  of 
any  particular  epidemic  influence.  The  barome- 
ter, thermometer,  and  hygrometer  are  the  instru- 
ments used  with  this  intent  —  to  detect,  as  well 
the  varying  weight  or  pressure,  and  the  tempera- 
rature,  as  the  moisture.  Perhaps,  of  the  three 
conditions,  the  last  exerts  more  influence  in  the 
production  of  disease  than  either  of  the  others. 
Our  knowledge,  however,  of  this  part  of  physics 
is  extremely  limited  and  unsatisfactory. 

METER,  iitTQov,  '  a  measure,'  a  sufiBx  to  words 
denoting  '  a  measure,'  as  in  Barometer,  Plexime- 
ter,  (tc. 

METH^MACHTMIA,  Transfusion. 
METH^'MATA ;  from  ytze', '  change  of  form,' 
and  'aijia,  'blood.'    The  capillary  or  intermediate 
system  of  vessels  in  which  the  blood  undergoes 
the  change  from  venous  to  arterial,  and  converse- 
ly.—  Marshall  Hall.     See  Capillary  vessels. 
METHE,  Temulentia. 
METHEGLIN,  Melizomum. 
METHEMERINUS,  Quotidian. 
METHOD,  Meth'odus,  from  nt  ',  'with,'  and 
'oSog,  '  wsij.'    This  word  has  different  acceptations 
in  the   sciences.     In   medicine,  curative  method, 
meth'odus  meden'di,  is  the  methodical  treatment 
of  disease. 

Method  op  Counting,  Method,  numerical. 
Method,  Mariano's,  see  Lithotomy. 
Method,  Ncmer'ical,  Method  of  Observation 
or  of  Countiiir/,  of  Louis,  (F.)  Methode  nttmerique, 
consists  in  observing  every  case  and  every  symp- 
tom of  a  case  numerically,  so  as  to  ensure,  as  far 
as  practicable,  accuracy  of  observation;  and  to 
enable  us,  by  the  analysis  and  collation  of  such 
facts,  to  deduce  general  laws  and  conclusions. 
Also,  the  application  of  numbers  to  the  study  of 
disease.     See  Statistics,  Medical. 

3TETH0DE  NUMERIQUE,  Method,  nume- 
rical, Statistics,  medical — m.  Perturhatrice,  Per- 
turbatrix  (Medicina.) 

METHODICS,  Methodists. 
3IETH0DIQUES,  Methodists. 
METH'ODISTS,  Method'ical  sect,  Method' ics, 
(¥.)  Methodistes,  Methodiques.  A  sect  of  physi- 
cians whose  doctrine  was  in  vogue  after  that  of 
the  Empirics  and  Dogmatists,  towards  the  end  of 
the  first  century.  According  to  the  Methodists, 
of  whom  Themison  was  the  chief,  almost  every 
disease  is  dependent  on  contraction  or  relaxa- 
tion—  strietum  or  laxum.  To  these  two  causes, 
they  added  a  third — mixed  or  compound — to  in- 
clude those  affections  which  partook  of  the  two 
characters.  The  doctrine,  medici'na  method'ica, 
resembled,  in  some  respects,  that  of  Brown. 

METHODOL'OGY  (MEDICAL), Methodo- 
loq'iaMed'ica,  from  /ttdoSog,  'method,'  and  Xoyo;, 
'  a  discourse.'  A  word  used,  by  the  French  more 
ospecitilly,  to  signify  method  applied  to  the  study 
of  any  science.  Medical  Methodolorjy,  conse- 
nuently,  means  method  applied  to  the  study  of 
medicine 

METHODUS  CATALEPTICA,  see  Cataleptic 
—  m.  Celsiana,  see  Lithotomy  —  m.  Curatoria, 
'J'herapeutics. 

Methodus  Dehivato'ria.  The  deriv.ative  or 
rovellent  system  of  treatment. 

Methodus  Endermat'ioa  sen  Enberm'ica,  see 
EaJermic  —  m.  Franconiana,  see  Lithotomy  — 


m.   Guytoniana,    see  Lithotomy  —  m.  Medendi, 
Method  of  cure.  Therapeutics. 

METHOMA'NIA,  from  utOri,    'drunkenness,' 
and //avia,  'mania.'     An  irresistible  desire  for  in- 
toxicating substances.     Temulentia. 
METHYSMUS,  Temulentia. 
METHYS'TICUS,  from  ^^Qr,,   'drunkenness.' 
That  which  causes,  or  pertains  to,  drunkenness. 

METHYSTOPHYL'LUM  GLAUCUM. 
A  South  African  plant,  Nat.  Orel.  Amyridacea?, 
an  infusion  of  whose  leaves  is  pleasant  to  the 
taste,  and  is  used  in  bronchitis,  asthma,  and  other 
thoracic  diseases.  With  the  Bushmen  and  others, 
it  is  a  favourite  beverage,  and  is  called  by  them 
Boschjesmansthee,  'Bushman's  tea.'  It  is,  also, 
chewed. 

METODONTI'ASIS,  from  f.Era,  'in  the  sense 
of  change,'  and  obovriaan,  'dentition.'  Faulty 
development  of  the  teeth. 

METOPAGES,  Symphyocephalus. 
METOPANTRA,  Frontal  sinuses. 
METOPANTRAL'GIA,    from   fitra-nov    (jicra, 
and  a)\l/,  'the  eye')  'the  forehead,'  avTpov,  'a  ca- 
vity,'  and   aXyos,    'pain.'     Pain   in   the   frontal 
sinuses. 

METOPANTRI'TIS,  Inflamma'tio  si'n ttnm 
fronta'lium,  from  fteTonrov,  'the  forehead,'  avrpov, 
'a  cavity,'  and  itis,  denoting  inflammation.     In- 
flammation of  the  frontal  sinuses. 
METOPION,  Bubon  galbanum. 
METOPIUM,  Mesophryon. 
METOPODYNIA,  Neuralgia  frontalis. 
METOPON,  Front,  Frontal  bone. 
MBTOPOS'COPY,  Jie<oj5o«co;/iV(, from ^£ru!7rov, 
'the  forehead,'  and  oko-kciv,   'to  view.'     The  art 
of  knowing  the  temperament  and  character  of  a 
person  by  inspecting  the  traits  of  his  forehead  or 
face.     See  Physiognomj'. 
METRA,  Uterus. 

METR^MORRIIAGIA,  ^Metrorrhagia. 
METRAL'GIA,  Mctrodyn'ia,  from  nrjrpa,  'the 
womb,'  and  akync.  'pain.'     Pain  in  the  uterus. 

METRANASTROPHE,  Uterus,  inversion  of 
the. 

METRATRE'SIA,  Imperfora'tio  u'teri,  from 
unrpa  'the  womb,'  and  arpricria,  '  imperforation.' 
An  unnatural  closure  of  the  uterus. 

METRATROPH'IA,  from  pirpa,  'the  uterus,' 
a,  'privative,'  and  rpoiprj,  'nourishment.'  Atro- 
phy or  want  of  development  of  the  uterus. 

METRAUX'E,  Hi/pertroph'ia  seu  Snrco'si^ 
u'teri,  from  liirrpa,  '  the  uterus,'  and  av^rj,  '  in- 
crease.'    Hypertrophy  of  the  uterus. 

METRELCO'SIS,  3Ietrhelco' sis,  from  fiijr/ja, 
'the  womb,'  and  'iXkos,  'an  ulcer.'  Ulceration 
of  the  uterus. 

METREMPHRAX'IS,  {romii>irpa,  'theuteru?,' 
and  tfi(ppacau>,  'I  obstruct.'  Obstruction  of  the 
womb  or  of  the  vessels  of  the  womb  —  hifarc'tus 
u'teri.  A  name  under  which  some  authors  have 
confounded  chronic  inflammation  of  that  viscus, 
and  the  different  degenerations  to  which  it  is 
exposed. 

METREMPHYSEMA,  Physometra. 
METREN'CHYTA,  Mctren'chytea,  from  ^nrpa, 
'the  uterus,' and  £y;^ua),  'I  inject.'     Injection  of 
the  uterus.     Substances  injected  into  the  uterus 
are  called  3fefrcn'rhi/ta. 

METREURYS'MA,  from  pLnrpa,  and  tvpvs,  'di- 
lated.'    A  morbid  dilatation  of  the  womb. 
METRHELCOSIS,  Metrelcosis. 
METRHYMENITIS,  see  Metritis. 
METRIOPATIII'A,  from  furpiog,  'tempered,' 
and  TzaSog,   'affection.'     State  of  an   individual 
whose  passions  are  temperate. 


METRITIS 


5(31 


METROSCOPE 


METTII'TIS,  from  nvrpa,  '  the  womb.'  Febris 
&teri'rni,  Hysteri'tia,  Empres'ma  Hi/steri'tis,  In- 
jfanima'tio  U'teri,  iletrophlogo' sis,  Inflammation 
of  the  Uterus  or  Womh,  (F.)  Inflammation  de  la 
vtatrice.  The  characteristic  symptoms  of  this 
affection  are: — pain,  swelling,  and  tenderness  in 
the  hypogastric  region ;  with  heat,  pain,  and  ten- 
derness of  the  OS  uteri;  vomiting,  smallness,  and 
frequency  of  pulse.  It  occurs  most  frequently 
after  delivery,  when  there  is  generally  suppression 
of  the  lochial  discharge.  The  treatment  must  he 
vigorous,  —  bleeding  early,  so  as  to  make  a  de- 
cided impression ;  followed  by  a  full  dose  of 
opium)  fomentations,  blisters,  &c. 

Acute  inflammation  of  the  womb,  seated  in  its 
int&^nal'me'aibva.'nQjEndo-metri'  tiSjMetrliymen'  itis, 
has  been  called  Inflamma'tio  catarrJia'Us  u'teri  or 
Acute  catarrh,  (F.)  Oatarrhe  aigu,  of  that  viscus. 
It  is  known  by  the  discharge  of  a  clear,  stringy 
fluid  j)er  vnginam;  preceded  by  pains,  which, 
from  the  hypogastric  region,  shoot  to  the  thighs, 
groins,  &c.,  with  more  or  less  fever.  It  requires 
the  antiphlogistic  treatment.  Chronic  metritis 
sometimes  succeeds  the  acute.  To  it  must  be 
referred  the  indurations,  observed  in  the  uterus, 
and  many  of  the  leucorrheal  discharges  to  which 
females  are  subject. 

Metritis  Rheum atica,  Metrorrheuma  —  m. 
Septica,  Metrocace  —  m.  Venosa,  see  Phlebitis. 

METROBLENNORRHCE  A,  Leucorrhcea  uteri. 

METROCACE,  JJetri'tis  sep'tica,  from  unrpa, 
'  the  womb,'  and  Kaicog,  '  evil.'  Putrescency  or 
gangrene  of  the  uterus. 

METROCAMPSIS,  Hysteroloxia. 

METROCARCINO'MA,  Hysterooarcino'- 
ma,  U'teri  carcino'ma,  Cancer  u'teri,  from  ixrirpa, 
'  the  uterus,'  and  KapKLvwjjia,  '  cancer.'  Cancer  of 
the  uterus. 

METROCELIDES,  Nsevus. 

METROCHOLO'SIS,  from  pyjTpa,  'the  uterus,' 
and  ;^o>of,  'bile.'    Fehris  puerpera'Us  hilio'sa. 

METRODYNIA,  Metralgia. 

METROHiE'MIA,  Ilypermetrohenrie,  from  iitj- 
rpa,  '  the  uterus,'  and  'aipa,  '  blood.'  Hypercemia 
or  congestion  of  blood  in  the  uterus. 

METROHEMORRHAGE,  Metrorrhagia, 

METROLOXIA,  Hvsteroloxia. 

METROMALACOMA,  Hysteromalaeia. 

METROMALACOSIS,qiysteromalacia. 

METROMANIA,  Nymphomania. 

METROPARAL'YSIS,  from  piirpa,  <  the  ute- 
rus,' and  -apaXvais,  'paralysis.'  Paralysis  of  the 
uterus. 

METROPATHI'A,  from  /ntjrpa,  'the  womb,' 
and  vaQos,  '  affection.'    An  affection  of  the  womb. 

ME  TR  0  -  PERITONITE  P  UERPERALE, 
see  Peritonitis. 

METROPERITONI'TfS,  from  piirpa,  '  the  ute- 
rus,'and  'peritonitis.'  Influmma'tio  u'teri  et peri- 
ton  cei.  Inflammation  of  the  uterus  and  perito- 
neum.    Puerperal  Fever.     See  Peritonitis. 

METROPHLEBI'TIS,from^i7rpa, 'the uterus,' 
tfXsxJ^,  ' a  vein,'  and  itis,  denoting  inflammation, 
inflammation  of  the  veins  of  the  uterus. 

Metrophlebitis  Puerperalis,  see  Phlebitis. 

MBTROPHLOGOSIS,  Metritis. 

METROPHTHI'SIS,  Phthi'sis  uteri'na,  from 
ijrj'pa,  '  the  uterus,'  and  09iu),  '  I  consume.'  Con- 
sumption from  ulceration  of  the  uterus —  Ul'cera 
seu  Helco'sis  u'teri. 

METROPOL'TPUS,  Hys'tero-pol'ypus,  Poly- 
pus U'teri,  from  ptjTpa,  '  the  uterus,'  and  piolypus. 
Polypus  of  the  uterus. 

MBTROPROPTOSIS,  Prolapsus  uteri. 

METROPTOSIS,  Prolapsus  uteri. 
36 


METRORRHAG"IA,  Metr(Bmorrlag"ia,  Has. 
morrhagia  titeri'na,  H.  ti'teri,  Sanguiflitx'xis  vte- 
ri'nus,  San'guinis  stillicid'ium  ah  U'tero,  Fluor 
uteri' ni  san'guinis,  Proflu'vium  San'guinis  ex  u'te- 
ro, IIysterorrhag"ia  sangxtin'ea,  Hysterorrhve'a, 
HcBmorrhce'a  uteri'na  (of  some),  3Ienorrhag"ia  (of 
some).  Uterine  Hemorrhage,  Hemorrhage  from  the 
Womh,  Metrohemorrhage,  Hcematome'tra,  Ilcema- 
toma'tra,  (F.)  Hemorrhagie  de  la  Matrice,  Pertes, 
Pertes  uterines  rouges,  P.  de  sang ;  from  ptirpa, 
'the  womb,'  and  prjywiti,  'I  break  forth.'  An 
eifusion  of  blood  from  the  inner  surface  of  the 
uterus,  either  at  the  menstrual  or  other  periods ; 
but  in  a  greater  quantity  than  proper.  Uterine 
hemorrhage  may  be  caused  by  those  influences 
which  produce  hemorrhage  in  general.  It  hap- 
pens, however,  more  frequently  during  pregnancy, 
and  during  or  after  delivery,  when  the  vascular 
system  of  the  uterus  is  so  circumstanced  as  to 
favour  its  occurrence  more  than  at  other  periods. 
The  termination  of  metrorrhagia  is  usually  fa- 
vourable. Should  it,  however,  be  very  copious, 
or  frequently  recur;  or  should  it  happen  to  a 
great  extent  after  delivery,  death  may  occur  very 
speedily;  and,  in  some  cases,  without  the  dis- 
charge being  perceptible;  constituting  internal 
hemorrhage. 

Uterine  hemorrhage  may  be  active  or  passive; 
requiring  obviously  a  different  treatment.  The 
general  management  is  similar  to  that  of  hemor- 
rhage in  general;  —  the  horizontal  posture;  acid 
drinks  ;  free  admission  of  cool  air  ;  cold  applica- 
tions to  the  loins,  thighs,  and  abdomen  ;  injection 
of  cold  water,  even  of  iced  water,  into  the  vagina; 
plugging  the  vagina,  so  as  to  prevent  the  dis- 
charge per  vaginatn,  and  thus  induce  a  coagulum 
in  the  mouths  of  the  bleeding  vessel.  Such  will 
be  the  s])ecial  plan  adopted  where  the  hemorrhage 
has  occurred  in  one  not  recently  delivered.  In 
uterine  hemorrhage  after  delivery,  the  same  cool- 
ing plan  must  be  followed;  but,  as  the  flow  of 
blood  is  owing  to  the  uterus  not  contracting  so 
as  to  constringe  its  vessels,  pressure  must  be 
made  on  the  abdomen  to  aid  this ;  and,  if  neces- 
sary, the  hand  must  be  introduced  into  the  uterus 
to  stimulate  it  to  contraction.  Should  the  female 
be  excessively  reduced,  so  as  to  render  the  accou- 
cheur apprehensive  that  she  may  expire  frcm  loss 
of  blood,  brandy  may  be  exhibited.  The  profuse 
exhibition  of  opium  in  such  cases,  is,  at  lea.st,  a 
doubtful  plan. 

Transfusion  has,  at  times,  been  practised  as  a 
last  resource. 

METRORRHEU'MA,  Rheumatis'mus  U'teri, 
Hysiercd'gia  rheiimat'ica  seu  catarrha'lis,  Metri'- 
tis  rheumat'ica,  (F.)  Bheumatisme  de  I'uterus;. 
from  prirpa,  'the  womb,'  and  ptvpa,  'defluxion,' 
rheumatism.'     Rheumatism  of  the  uterus. 

METRORRHEXIS,  Uterus,  rupture  of  the. 

METRORRHCE'A,  from  p^rpa,  'the  uterus, 
and  pto),  '  I  flow.'  A  protracted  discharge  of  any 
fluid  from  the  uterus. 

METROSCIR'RHUS,  Hysteroscir'rhus,  Scir- 
rhus  seu  Carcino'ma  u'teri,  from  prjTpa,  '  the 
womb,'  and  cKtppos,  'scirrhus.'  Scirrhus  of  the 
uterus. 

MET'ROSCOPE,  Metroscop'ium,  from  iir,Tpa, 
'  the  uterus,'  and  uKo-neoj,  '  to  view.'  An  instru- 
ment, invented  by  M.  Nauehe,  for  listening  to 
the  sounds  of  the  heart  of  the  foetus  in  utero- 
gestation,  when  the  sounds  and  movements  aro 
imperceptible  through  the  parietes  of  the  abdo- 
men. The  extremity  of  the  instrument  —  the 
first  notion  of  which  was  given  to  M.  Nauche  by 
the  stethoscope  of  Laennec  —  is  introduced  into 
the  vagina  and  applied  against  the  neck  of  tbs 
uterus. 


METROSIDEROS 


562 


SnDWIFEEY 


METROSIDEROS  GUMMIFERA,  see  Kino. 

ilETROSTEEE'SIS,  from  ji-nrpa,  'the  uterus,' 
and  arepricis,  '  privation.'  Extirpation  of  the  ute- 
rus.    Want  of  uterus. 

METROTOMIA,  Csesarean  section. 

ilEU,  ^thusa  meum. 

MEULIJSRE,  Molar. 

MEUM,  JSthusa  meum  —  m.  Anethifolium, 
iEthusa  meum  —  m.  Athamanticum,  j^thusa 
meum. 

3IEVRTRISSURE,  Contusion. 

MEVIUM,  Syphilis. 

MEZEA,  Genital  organs. 

MEZEREON,  Daphne  mezereum. 

MIAMMA,  Miasma. 

MIANSIS,  Miasma. 

MIARIA,  Miasma. 

MIAS'MA,  Miasm,  niaafia,  'a  stain,'  from  jiiai- 
ru,  *I  contaminate.'  Miam'ma,  Mian'ais,  Mia'ria, 
Jfiaa'mus,  Inquinamen' turn,  MoJyn'ais,  Conta'gium. 
The  word  miasm  has,  by  some,  been  employed 
synonymously  with  contagion.  It  is  now  used 
more  definitely  for  any  emanation,  either  from 
the  bodies  of  the  sick,  or  from  animal  and  vege- 
table substances,  or  from  the  earth,  especially  in 
marshy  districts,  {Harsh  poison,  Effln'viiim  pa- 
lus'tre,  Gas  palus'tre,  (F.)  Intoxication  des  Ma- 
rais,)  which  may  exert  a  morbid  influence  on 
those  who  are  exposed  to  its  action.  To  these 
terrestrial  emanations — the  Koino-mias'mata  of 
Dr.  E.  Miller,  of  New  York  —  the  Italians  give 
the  name  aria  cattiva,  but,  more  commonly,  ma- 
la'ria;  a  word  which  has  been  adopted  into 
other  languages.  The  deleterious  efiluvia,  origi- 
nating from  the  decomposition  of  matter  derived 
from  the  human  body,  have  been  called  by  Dr. 
Miller,  Idiomias'mata ;  the  epithets  Koino  and 
Idio  being  derived  respectively  from  koivos,  'com- 
mon,' and  litog,  '  personal.'  Of  the  miasms  which 
arise  either  from  the  animal  body  or  from  the 
most  unhealthy  situations,  we  know,  chemically, 
nothing.  All  that  we  do  know  is,  that,  under 
such  circumstances,  emanations  take  place,  capa- 
ble of  causing  disease  in  many  of  those  who  are 
exposed  to  their  action. 

MIASMAT'IC,  Miasmat'icus.  Belonging  or 
relating  to  miasmata.  Sauvages,  in  his  classifi- 
cation of  diseases  according  to  their  etiology,  has 
a  class  under  the  name  Morhi  miasmai'ici.  A 
fever  that  arises  from  marsy  miasms,  is  styled 
inala'rioits,  palu'dal,  Helop'yra,  Helopyr'etus,  <tc. 

MIASMUS,  Miasma. 

MIC^  PANIS.  see  Triticum. 

MICATIO  CORDIS,  Systole. 

MICHE'LIA  CHAM'PACA,  Champaca,  Mi- 
chelia  Tsjampaea.  An  Oriental  tree,  much  prized 
for  the  odour  and  beauty  of  its  flowers.  The  oily 
infusion  of  the  flowers  is  employed  in  the  Moluc- 
cas in  headach. 

MICLE'TA :  A  medicine  used  by  Mesne  for 
arresting  hemorrhage ;  perhaps,  according  to 
Siebenhaar,  from  the  Arabic,  michnata,  "proved 
by  experience." 

'  MICOSIS,  Framboesia. 
MICRENCEPHALIUM,  Cerebellum. 
MICRENCEPHALON,  Cretinism. 
MICRENCEPIIALUM,  Cerebellum. 
MICROCEPH'ALUS,  iricrocm'yiins,  from 
KtKpos,  'small,'  and  KcipaXij,  'head.'     One  who  has 
a  small  head.     A  monster  having  a  small  imper- 
fect head,  or  a  small  imperfect  cranium. 
MICROCORIA,  Myosis. 

MI'CROCOSM,  Microcos'mns,  from  /jUKpn;, 
•little,'  and  Koafioi,  'world.'  A  little  world, 
t^ome  philosophers  have  given  this  appellation  to 
man,  whom  they  consider  as  the  epitome  of  all 


that  is  admirable  in  the  world.     The  world  tiey 
call  Macrocosm. 

MICROCOSMETOR,  Vital  principle. 

MICROCOSM'ICA  MACHI'NA.  The  organ- 
ism  of  man. 

MiCEOCOSMicA  SciENTiA,  Physiology. 

MicEOCosiiicuM  Sal,  with  the  ancients  meant 
the  salts  of  the  urine,  —  Sal  uri'na. 

MICROCOSMOGRAPHIA,  Physiology. 

MICROCOUST'IC,  Microcm'ticus,  from  fiiKpot, 
'  small,'  and  aKovu),  '  I  hear.'  This  word,  as  well 
as  Microj]honoits,  from  jiiKpos,  'small,'  and  (pwvrj, 
'  voice,'  means  any  thing  that  contributes  to  in- 
crease the  intensity  of  sound  —  as  the  speaking 
trumpet  —  by  collecting  the  sonorous  rays. 

MICROCRANIUS,  Microcephalus. 

MICROGLOS'SIA,  from  ixLicpos,  'small,'  and 
yXu)o-(ra,  '  tongue.'     Original  smallness  of  tongue. 

MICROLEUCONYMPH^A,  Nymphsea  alba. 

MICRO M'ELUS,  Hemim'elea,  from  inxpos, 
'small,'  and  ixeXog,  'a  limb.'  A  monster  having 
imperfectly  developed  extremities. 

MICROMMATUS,  Microphthalmus. 

MICROPHONOUS,  Microcoustic. 

MICROPHTHAL'MUS,  Microm'matus,  from 
l-itKpos,  'little,'  and  o(pSa\iJios,  'eye.'  One  who  has 
small  ej-es.  A  monster  with  too  small,  or  imper- 
fectly developed  eyes.  A  small  eye,  —  Ophthal- 
mid'ium,  OpJtthal'niium. 

MICROPODIA,  Micropus. 

MICROPROSO'PUS,  Aproso'pus,  from  /ii/cpoy, 
'small,'  and  -KpouMirov,  'face.'  A  monster  in  which 
a  part  of  the  face  is  absent. 

MI'CROPUS,  from  inKpos,  'small,'  and  ttovs, 
'foot.'  One  who  has  small  feet.  The  condition 
is  called  Micrvpo'dia. 

MICROR'CHIDES;  from  ^nKpoi,  'small,' and 
opxiSt  '  a  testicle.'  They  who  have  very  small 
testicles. 

MI'CROSCOPY,  Microscop'ium ;  from  fiiKpoi, 
'small,'  and  ctkotdj,  'a  view.'  Observation  by  the 
microscope ;  an  important  agency  in  the  exami- 
nation of  the  healthy  and  morbid  tissues. 

MICROSPHYC'TUS,  same  etymon  as  the 
next.     One  who  has  a  small  pulse. 

MICROSPHYX'IA,  from  /tiKpos,  and  ccpvynos, 
'pulse.'     Smallness  or  weakness  of  pulse. 

MICROS'TOMUS;  from  fiiKpos,  'small,'  and 
cTOjxa,  '  mouth.'     One  who  has  a  small  mouth. 

MICROTE'SIA,  Par'tium  organica'rum  par'- 
vitas  morbo'sa;  from  fxiKporrii,  'smallness.'  Mor- 
bid smallness  of  organic  parts. 

MICROTRAPEZIA,  Leptotrophia. 

MICROTRICH'IA;  from  fiiKpoi,  'small,'  and 
5pif,  '  hair.'     Fineness  or  shortness  of  hair. 

MICROTROPIIIA,  Leptotrdphia. 

MICTIO,  Micturition — m.  Cruenta,  Hasmatu- 
ria — m.  Inopportuna,  Enuresis — m.  Involuntaria, 
Enuresis- — m.  Sanguinea,  Hsematuria. 

MICTION,  Micturition. 

MICTURIT"ION,  Mic'tio,  Mictns,  Ure'aia, 
Uri'osis,  Omiche'gis,  (F.)  Miction,  from  mictnrin, 
'  I  make  water.'  The  act  of  making  water.  "Also, 
morbid  frequency  of  passing  the  water. 

MICTIJS,  Micturition  —  m.  Cruenius,  Hmma- 
turia. 

MIDRIFF,  Diaphragm. 

MIDWIFE,  from  mia,  'with,'  and  \)\V,  'wife,' 
or,  from  mid,  'meed,'  '  recorapcn&e,'  and  piV, 
'  wife.'  Matro'na,  Obstet'vix,  Hypcrc'tria,  ilaa, 
McBas,  Mwu'trin,  Aces'toris,  Aces'tris,  Aces'tria, 
(F.)  Sage  fi-mme,  Accouche  use.  A  female  who 
praftises  olistctrics. 

MIDWIFERY,  Obstetrics. 


MIEL 


563 


MILK 


MIEL,  Mel — m.  d'AcStaie  de  Cuivre,  Linimen- 
tnm  seruginis  —  m.  Mercuriale  compost,  Mellitum 
de  mercurial!  compositum. 

MIEUTER,  Accoucheur, 

MIGMA,  Mistura. 

MIGRAINE,  Hemierania. 

MIGRANA,  Hemierania. 

MIKANIA  GUACO,  Guaco. 

MILFOIL,  Achillea  millefolium. 

MILIAIRE,  Miliary  fever. 

MILIARIA,  Miliary  fever — m.  Sudans,  Mi- 
liary fever  —  m.  Sudatoria,  Miliary  fever. 

MILIARIS  SUDATORIA,  Sudor  anglicus,  S. 
picardicus. 

MIL'IARY  (FEVER,)  Emphhj'ais  milia'ria. 
Miliaria,  M.  sudans,  Milia'ris,  M.  sudato'ria, 
Sudor,  S.  milia'ris,  Pap'ula  milia'ris,  Fehris  mi- 
liaris,  Exanihe'ma  miliaria,  Syn'oclius  miliaria, 
Aspre'do  milia'cea,  Febris  essero'sa,  F.  puncticu- 
la'ris,  F.  culicula' ris,  F.  vesicula'ris,  F.  lenticu- 
la'ris,  Pur'pura  puerpera'riim,  P.  milia'ris,  Fe- 
hris purpura'te  rubra  et  alia  milia'ris,  Pap'ula 
eudo' ris,  Millet-seed  rash,  (F.)  Miliaire,  3Iillot, 
Pourpre  blanc.  Millet.  It  is  so  called  from  the 
ei'uption  resembling  the  seed  of  the  milium  or 
millet.  Fever,  accompanied  by  an  eruption  of 
Bmall,  red,  isolated  pimples,  rarely  confluent,  but 
almost  always  very  numerous,  slightly  raised 
above  the  skin,  and  presenting,  at  the  end  of  24 
hours,  a  small  vesicle  filled  with  a  white  transpa- 
rent fluid ;  which  quickly  dries  up,  and  separates 
in  the  form  of  scales.  Miliary  fever  is  now  rare, 
in  consequence  of  the  cooling  practice  in  fevers 
ind  other  states  of  the  system.  It  is  almost 
always  brought  on  by  external  heat,  and  hence 
the  prevention  is  obvious.  The  treatment  is 
simple.  It  requires  merely  the  antiphlogistic 
regimen,  in  ordinary  cases. 

Miliary  Granulations  or  Tubercles,  see 
Granulation. 

MILII  SEMINA,  Panicum  Italicum. 

MILIOLUM.  Diminutive  oi  milium,  'millet.' 
Cenclirid' ion.  A  small  tumour  on  the  eyelids, 
resembling,  in  size,  a  millet-seed. 

MILITARIS  HERBA,  Achillea  millefolium. 

MILIUM,  Grutum,  Panicum  miliaceum,  see 
Hydatid — m.  Esculentum,  Panicum  miliaceum — 
m.  Indieum,  Panicum  Italicum  —  m.  Panicum, 
Panicum  miliaceum  —  m.  Solis,  Lithospermum 
ofiicinale. 

MILK,  Sax.  mele,  Lac,  Gala,  Humor  lac'- 
teus.  Latex  ni'veus,  (F.)  Lait.  A  fluid  secreted 
by  the  mammary  glands  of  the  females  of  the 
mammalia.  The  skimmed  milk  of  the  coio,  (F.) 
Lait  de  Vache,  contains  water,  caseous  matter, 
traces  of  butter,  sugar  of  milk,  chloride  of  sodium, 
phosphate,  and  acetate  of  potass,  lactic  acid,  lac- 
tate of  iron,  and  earthy  phosphate.  The  cream 
is  formed  of  butter,  casein,  and  whey,  in  which 
there  is  sugar  of  milk  and  salts.  When  exa- 
mined by  the  microscope,  milk  is  seen  to  contain 
a  large  number  of  particles,  of  irregular  size  and 
shape,  varying  from  y2T^o'o*'^  ^  soTff*^  °f  ^^ 
inch  in  diameter.  They  consist  of  oily  matter, 
surrounded  by  a  delicate  pellicle,  and  ai-e  the 
milk  globules. 

Cow's  milk  is  employed  for  th*e  preparation  of 
cream,  butter,  cheese,  whey,  sugar  of  milk,  and 
frangipane.  It  is  useful  in  a  number  of  cases  of 
poisoning;  either  by  acting  as  a  demulcent,  or 
by  decomposing  certain  poisons,  or  by  combining 
with  others  so  as  to  neutralize  them.  It  is  con- 
stantly employed  as  aliment,  and  may  be  regarded 
as  an  emulsion  in  which  butter  and  casein  are 
found  in  suspension.  When  taken  into  the  sto- 
mach, it  is  coagulated  by  the  gastric  fluids,  and 
the  coagulum  is  digested  like  any  other  solid. 
The  watery  parts  are  absorbed. 


Between  milk,  flour,  and  blood,  there  is  great 
similarity  of  composition.  The  following  table 
is  given  by  Dr.  Robert  Dundas  Thomson  : 

Blood. 
Fibrin, 
Albumen, 
Casein, 
Colouring 

matter 
Fat. 


Milk.  Flaur. 

r  Fibrin, 

I  Albumen, 

Curd  or  Casein,  -!  Casein, 

Gluten. 

Butter Oik 

^-^- {sS, 

Chloride  of  potassium, 
sodium. 


Phosphate  of  soda, 

lime, 

magnesia, 

iron, 


[  Sugar. 


Do. 


Do. 


From  a  considerable  number  of  experiments, 
Messrs.  Deyeux  and  Parmentier  class  the  six 
kinds  of  milk,  which  they  examined,  according 
to  the  following  table,  as  regards  the  relative 
quantity  of  materials  they  contain. 


Casein. 

Butter. 

Sugar  of 
Milk. 

Serum. 

Goat 

Sheep 

Cow 

Sheep 

Cow 

Goat 

Woman 

Ass 
Mare 

Ass 

Woman 

Mare 

Ass 

Woman 

Mare 

Woman 

Ass 
Mare 

Cow 
Goat 
Sheep 

Cow 
Goat 
Sheep 

Milk  Abscess,  Mastodynia  apostematosa — 
m.  Almond,  Emulsio  amygdala. 

Milk  and  Soda  Water.  An  agreeable  mode 
of  taking  milk  in  cases  where  it  lies  heavily  on 
the  stomach.  Heat,  nearly  to  boiling,  a  teacup- 
ful  of  milk  ;  dissolve  in  it  a  teaspoonful  of  sugar, 
put  it  into  a  large  tumbler,  and  pour  over  it  two- 
thirds  of  a  bottle  of  soda  icater. 

Milk,  Asses',  (F.)  Lait  d'Anesse,  considerably 
resembles  human  milk,  of  which  it  has  the  con- 
sistence, smell,  and  taste  :  but  it  contains  a  little 
less  cream,  and  more  soft,  caseous  matter.  It  is 
often  used  by  those  labouring  under  pulmonary 
afi"ections. 

Artificial  Asses'  Milk  may  be  made  by  taking 
gelatin  §ss;  dissolving  it,  by  the  aid  of  heat,  in 
barley  water  Oij  ;  adding  refined  sugar  ^j  ;  pour- 
ing into  the  mixture  new  milk  Oj  ;  and  beating 
the  whole  with  a  whisk. 

It  may  also  be  prepared  by  dissolving  srigar 
of  milk  gij  in  tepid  skimmed  coio's  milk  Oj. 

Milk,  Ewes',  (F.)  Lait  de  Brebis.  It  affords, 
more  cream  than  cows'  milk ;  but  the  butter  is 
softer.  The  easeum,  on  the  contrary,  is  fatter, 
and  more  viscid.  It  contains  less  serum  than 
cow's  milk.  The  Roquefort  cheeses  are  made 
from  it. 

Milk  Fever,  see  Fever,  milk  —  m.  Glass, 
Breast  glass  —  m.  Globules,  see  Milk. 

Milk,  Goats',  (F.)  Lait  de  Chevre,  resembles 
cows'  milk :  the  butyraceous  matter,  however 
which  enters  into  its  composition,  is  more  solid 
than  that  of  the  cow. 

Artificial  Goats'  Milk  may  be  made  by  taking 
fresh  suet  ^j  ;  cutting  it  into  small  pieces  ;  tying 
it  in  a  muslin  bag,  large  enough  to  leave  the 
morsels  free  from  compression  ;  and  boiling  in  a 
quart  of  cones'  milk,  sweetened  with  a  quarter  of 
an  ounce  of  white  sugar  candy. 

Used  as  a  diet  in  scrofulous  cases,  and  also  ia 
phthisis. 


MILKY 


564 


Mli^T 


Milk,  HrwAX,  (F.)  Lait  de  femme,  —  contains 
more  sugar,  milk,  and  cream,  and  less  caseum, 
than  cows'  milk.  Its  composition  differs  accord- 
ing to  the  distance  of  time  from  delivery. 

Milk  Knot,  Galaeto-rjan'fjlion ;  (F.)  Ganglion 
laiteiix.  The  knots  often  observed  in  the  breast 
after  inflammation  of  the  organ,  or  for  some  time 
after  the  suppression  of  the  secretion.  They  ge- 
nerally end  by  resolution. 

Milk  Leg,  Phlegmatia  dolens  —  m.  Males', 
Sperm. 

Milk,  Makes',  (F.)  Lait  de  Jument, — contains 
enly  a  small  quantity  of  fluid  butyraceous  matter; 
\  little  caseum,  softer  than  that  of  cows'  milk,  and 
nore  serum. 
Milk  Scall,  Porrigo  larvalis. 
Milk  Sickness,  Sick  stomach,  Swamp  siclcness, 
Tires,  Slows,  Stiff  joints,  Puking  fever.  River 
sickness.  A  disease  occasionally  observed  in  the 
Etates  of  Alabama,  Indiana,  and  Kentucky,  which 
affects  both  man  and  cattle,  but  chiefly  the  latter. 
It  is  attributed  in  cattle  to  something  eaten  or 
drunk  by  them ;  and  in  man  to  the  eating  of  the 
llesh  of  animals  labouring  under  the  disease. 
Owing  to  the  tremors  that  characterize  it  in  ani- 
mals, it  is  called  the  Trembles,     It  is  endemic. 

The  sj'mptoms  of  the  disease  are  such  as  are 
produced  by  the  acro-narcotic  class  of  poisons  — 
vomiting,  purging,  extreme  nervous  agitation, 
&c. :  and  the  approved  indications  of  treatment 
appear  to  be — gentle  emetics  and  laxatives,  with 
quiet,  and  mucilaginous  drinks. 

Milk,  Snakes',  Euphorbia  corollata — m.  Spots, 
Strophulus — m.  Stone,  Morochthus — m.  Sugar  of. 
Sugar  of  milk  —  m.  of  Sulphur,  Sulphur  pra3cipi- 
tatum — m.  Sweet,  Galium  verum — m.  Teeth,  see 
Dentition — m.  Thrush,  Aphthae — m.  Vetch,  As- 
tragalus verus  —  m.  Vetch,  stemless.  Astragalus 
er?capus  —  m.  "Weed,  Apocynum  androssemifo- 
li-ja,  Asclepias  Syriaca,  Euphorbia  corollata  — 
m.  Weed,  long-leaved,  green,  Acerates  longifolia 
—  m.  Weed,  smooth,  Asclepias  Sullivantii  —  m. 
\V  )rt,  bitter,  Polygala  amara — m.  Wort,  common, 
PiJygala — m.  Wort,  dwarf,  Polygala  paucifolia 
— m.  Wort,  rattlesnake,  Polygala. 

MILKY.  Lactic. 

MILL  MOUNTAIlSr,  Linum  catharticum. 

MILLEFEUILLE,  Achillea  millefolium. 

MILLEFOLIUM,  Achillea  millefolium. 

nilLLEMORBIA  SCROPHULAEIA,  Scro- 
phdlaria  nodosa. 

MILLEPEDES,  Onisci  aselli. 

3IILLEPERTUIS  OEDINAIEE,  Hyperi- 
cum perforatum. 

MILLET,  Aphthae,  Miliary  fever— m.  Barba- 
does,  Panicum  Italicum — m.  Common,  Panicum 
miliaceum  —  m.  Indian,  Panicum  Italicum  —  m. 
des  Oiseaux,  Panicum  Italicum  —  m.  Ordinaire, 
Panicum  miliaceum. 
■   MILLET-SEED  RASH,  Miliary  fever. 

MILLIGRAMME,  from  mille,  'a  thousand,' 
and  yoajxixa,  'a  gramme.'  The  thousandth  part 
of  a  gramme  ;  —  about  0.0154  Troy  grain. 

MILLIGRANA,  Herniaria  glabra. 

MILLIMETRE,    Millim'eter,    from    mille,    'a 
thoxj;and,'    and   nerpov,    'measure.'      The    thou- 
Banr.th  part  of  the   metre;  —  equal   to    0.03937 
English  inch,  or  about  two-fifths  of  a  line. 
•    MIL  LOT.  Miliary  fever. 

MILPH^E,  Madarosis. 

MILPHOSIS,  Madarosis. 

MILT-LIKE  TUMOUR,  Encephaloid. 

MILTUS,  Plumbi  oxydum  rubrum. 

MILTWASTE.  Asplenium 

MIMOSA  CATECHU,  Catechu  — m.  Cochlia- 
carija,  see  Cortex  adstringens  Brasiliensis  —  m. 
Leucophlea,  see  Spirit  ( Arrack)  —  m.  Nilotica,  see 


Acaciae  gummi  —  m.  Scandens,  Ca 'hang-parang 
— m.  Senegal,  see  Senegal,  gum — m.  Virginalis, 
see  Cortex  adstringens  Brasiliensis. 

MIND,  ABSEXCE  OF,  Aphelxia  socors  — m. 
Abstraction  of,  Aphelxia  intenta  —  m.  Unsound, 
Insanity. 

MIXERALIUM,  Antimonium. 

MINER'S  ELBOW.  An  enlargement  of  a 
bursa  over  the  olecranon,  occurring  in  such  as 
are  in  the  habit  of  leaning  much  upon  it;  and, 
therefore,  often  seen  in  those  who  work  on  the 
side  in  low-roofed  mines. 

MINIM'ETER;  badly  compounded  from  mi- 
nimum and  litrpov,  'measure.'  An  instrument  for 
measuring  minims,  invented  by  Mr.  Alsop.  It 
consists  of  a  glass  tube,  graduated  from  the  co- 
nical point  into  minims ;  and  having  a  piston,  by 
the  elevation  of  which,  fluid  may  be  drawn  into 
the  tube,  and  by  its  depression  be  forced  from  it. 

MIX'IMUM,  a  minim,  'the  least  part  or  por- 
tion.' The  60th  part  of  a  fiuidrachm.  This 
measure  has  been  introduced  by  the  London  Col- 
lege of  Physicians,  in  consequence  of  the  uncer- 
tainty of  the  size  of  the  drop,  (see  Gutta.)  The 
subdivision  of  the  wine  pint  has,  accordingly, 
been  extended  to  the  60th  part  of  the  fiuidrachm  ; 
and  glass  measures,  called  "minim-measures," 
have  been  adopted  by  the  London  College.  The 
proportion  between  the  minims  and  the  drops  of 
various  fluid  preparations  is  exhibited  in  the  fol- 
lowing table.  The  results  were  obtained  by  Mr. 
Durand,  a  skilful  2>7iarmacien  of  Philadelphia, 
under  circumstances,  as  regards  the  different  ar- 
ticles, as  nearly  identical  as  possible. 

Table  of  the  Number  op  Deops  of  biffekent 
Liquids  equivalent  to  a  Fluidrachm. 

Acid  Acetic,  crystallizable 120 

Acid  Hydrocyanic  (medicinal) 45 

Muriatic 54 

Nitric 84 

diluted  (1  to  7) 51 

Sulphuric 90 

aromatic 120 

diluted  (1  to  7) ' 51 


Alcohol  (rectified  Spirit) 138 

Alcohol,  diluted  (proof  Spirit) 120 

Arsenite  of  Potassa,  solution  of. 57 

Ether,  Sulphuric 150 

Oils  of  Aniseed,  Cinnamon,  Cloves,  Pepper- 
mint, Sweet  Almonds,  Olives 120 

Tinctures  of  Asafoetida,  Foxglove,   Guaiac, 

Opium, 120 

Tincture  of  Chloride  of  Iron 132 

Vinegar,  distilled 78 

of  Colchicum 78 

of  Opium  (black  drop) 78 

of  Squill. 78 

Water,  distilled 45 

Water  of  Ammonia  (strong) 54 

Do  do.         (weak). 45 

Wine  (Teneriffe) 78 

Antimonial 72 

of  Colchicum 75 

of  Opium 78 


MINISTER  GYMNASTS,  Paedotribes. 

MINITHOSIS,  Meiosis. 

MINIUM,  Plumbi  oxydum  rubrum — m.  Grw- 
corum,  Hydrargyri  sulphuretum  rubrum  —  m. 
Purum,  Hydrargvri  sulphuretum  rubrum. 

MINOR  HEL'ICIS.  A  muscle  situate  on  the 
posterior  border  of  the  helix  of  the  ear,  at  its 
commencement  in  the  fossa  of  the  concha. 

MINORATFV' US,  Laxative. 

MINT,  COCK,  Tanacetum  balsamita  —  m. 
Curled,  Mentha  crispa  —  ra.  Cat,  Nepeta  —  m. 
Horse,  Monarda  cocciuea  and  M.  punctata  —  in. 


MIKUTHESIS 


565 


MITHRIDATE 


Horse,  hairy,  Blephilia  hirsuta — m.  Horse,  Ohio, 
Blephilia  hirsuta  —  m.  Horse,  sweet,  Cunila  Ma- 
riana— m.  Hyssop-leaved,  Mentha  cervina. 

Mint  Julep.  A  drink,  consisting  of  brandy, 
sugar,  and  pounded  ice,  flavoured  by  sprigs  of 
mint.     It  is  an  agreeable  alcoholic  excitant. 

Mint,  Mountain,  Monarda  coccinea — m.  Moun- 
tain, common,  Pycnanthemum  incanum — m.  Pep- 
per, Mentha  piperita  —  m.  Spear,  Mentha  viridis 
— m.  Squaw,  Hedeoma — m.  Stone,  Cunila  Mari- 
ana— m.  Water,  Mentha  aquatica. 

MINUTHESIS,  Meiosis. 

MINYANTHES,  Menyanthes. 

MIOSIS,  Meiosis. 

MIROCELE,  Merocele. 

MISADIR,  Ammonite  murias. 

MISANTHRO'PIA,  dHsan'thropij,  Exanthro'- 
pia,  Phygaiithro' pia,  from  fiiaog,  '  hatred,'  and 
avSpujTos,  'man.'  Aversion  to  man  and  society; — 
a  symptom  of  melancholy,  and  hypochondriasis. 

MISCARRIAGE,  Abortion. 

MISERERE  MEI,  Ileus. 

MISHME  TEETA,  Coptis  teeta. 

MISMAR,  Mesemar.  A  name  given  by  Avi- 
cenna  to  a  kind  of  nodus,  which  forms  on  the 
toes  as  the  sequel  of  contusion  or  inflammation 
of  those  parts. 

MISOPTO'CHUS,  from  //t<rof,  'hatred,'  and 
■nT<x)-)(oi,  'poor.'  That  which  has  hatred  for  the 
poor.  The  gout  has  been  so  called  by  some,  be- 
cause it  commonly  affects  the  rich. 

MISSADAN,  Hydrargyrum. 

MISSIO  SANGUINIS,  Bloodletting. 

MISTIO,  Mistura. 

MISTLETOE,  Viscum  album— m.  Yellowish, 
Viscum  flavescens. 

MISTU'RA,  iligma,  Mis'tio,  Mix'tio,  Mixtu'ra, 
a  mixture ;  from  miscere,  mixtum,  'to  mix.'  A 
mingled  compound,  in  which  different  ingredients 
are  contained  in  the  fluid  state ;  suspended  or  not 
by  means  of  mucilaginous  or  saccharine  matter. 
In  this  sense,  it  is  synonymous  with  the  French 
Potion.  In  France,  however,  the  word  mixture 
is  more  frequently  understood  to  mean  a  liquid 
medicine,  which  contains  very  active  substances, 
and  can  only  be  administered  by  drops.  A  mix- 
ture, in  other  words,  in  the  French  sense,  may  be 
regarded  as  a  potion  deprived  of  watery  vehicle. 

MISTURA,  (S.)  A  fragrant  yellow-coloured 
water,  used  as  a  perfume  by  the  ladies  of  Peru. 
It  is  prepared  from  gillyflower,  jasmine,  and y?or 
de  mistela  (Talinum  umbellatum).  See  Campo- 
manesia  lineatifolia. 

Mistura  Ac"idi  Hydroctan'ici,  Mixture  of 
Prussie  acid,  Melange  pectoral  (Magendie).  (i/e- 
dieinal  prussie  acid,  ^j,  distilled  water,  §xiv, 
pure  sugar,  §iss.)  A  dessert-spoonful  every 
morning  and  evening,  as  a  pectoral,  &c. 

Mistura  Ammoni'aci,  Lac  ammoniaci.  Mixture 
of  ammoniac.  {Ammoniac,  ^ij,  aqucB  Oss.  Rub 
the  ammoniacum :  adding  the  water  gradually 
until  they  are  perfectly  mixed.)    Dose,  f^ss  to  ^j. 

Mistura  AMYGUALiB,  Emulsio  amygdalae. 

Mistura  Asafce'tid^,  Lac  asafoetida,  Emul- 
eio  antihyster'iea,  Mixture  of  asafoetida,  (F.)  Lait 
d'asafoetida.  {Asafoetida  ^ij;  aqucB.  Oss.  Rub 
together,  adding  the  water  by  degrees.)  Used 
where  pills  cannot  be  swallowed,  and  as  a  glyster 
In  irritations  during  dentition,  and  in  ascarides. 
Dose,  f^ss  to  f^iss. 

Mistura  Asafcetidje  pro  Clysmate,  Enema 
fcetidum. 

Mistura  Cam'phorje,  Aqua  camphora  (Ph.  U. 
S.),  Camphor  mixture,  Camphor  julep,  Mistura 
camphora'ta,  Jula'pitiin  e  camphord  seu  campho- 
ratum,  (F.)  Jidei)  camphre.  [Camphor,  ^Jij,  (al- 
cohol, Tri^xl,  magnes.  curb,  ^iv,  aqncB  Oij.  Rub 
the  camphor  with  the  alcohol,  and  afterwards 


with  the  magnesia,  add  the  water,  and  filter  t 
Virtues  like  those  of  camphor.  See  Emuls^j 
camphorae. 

Mistura  Cornu  Usti,  Decoo'tum  Mrnu  cervi'ni, 
Decoc'tum  album,  Decoction  of  burnt  hartshorn, 
Mixture  of  burnt  hartshorn.  (Oornuum  ust.  ^ij, 
acacitB  gum.  cent,  ^j,  aquas  Oiij.  Boil  to  Oij, 
constantly  stirring,  and  strain.     Ph.  L.) 

Mistura  Cret^,  Potio  carbona'tis  calcis,  Mis- 
tura creta'cea,  Mucila'go  cretica.  Chalk  mixture, 
Creta'ceous  mixture,  (F.)  Mixture  de  Craie. 
{CretcB  pp.  ^ss,  sacchar.,  acacice  gum.  in  pulv., 
aa  ^\],  aqua  cinnam.,  aqua,  aa  f^iv.  Mix.  Ph. 
U.  S.)    Antacid  and  absorbent.    Dose,  f^j  to  §ij. 

Mistura  Diabol'ica.  A  mixture  under  this 
name  is  kept  in  military  hospitals  for  malin- 
gerers. It  is  made  of  sundry  nauseous  ingre- 
dients, as  aloes,  asafoetida,  castor,  &c.,  and  is 
given  so  as  to  keep  up  a  disagreeable  impression 
on  the  gustatory  nerves. 

Mistura  Emeti'n^  Vomito'ria,  Emetic  mix- 
ture of  emetine.  (Emetine  4  gr.,  orange  flower 
water  ^ij,  syrup  ^ss;  M.)  A  dessert-spoonful 
every  half  hour  till  it  acts. 

Mistura  Ferri  Compos'ita,  Compound  mix- 
ture of  iron,  (F.)  Mixture  de  fer  composee,  Grif- 
fith's mixture.  [Myrrh  cont.  ^ji  potassa  carb, 
gr.  XXV,  aqua  rosa  f^viiss,  ferri  sidpih.  in  pulv. 
Qj,  sp.  lavand.  ^ss,  sacchar.  ^j.  Rub  together 
the  myrrh,  subcarbonate  of  potassa,  and  sugar ; 
then  add,  while  triturating,  the  rose-water,  spirit 
of  nutmeg;  and,  lastly,  the  sulphate  of  iron. 
Pour  the  mixture  directly  into  a  glass  bottle,  and 
stop  it  close.  Ph.  U.  S.)  It  is  tonic  and  emme- 
nagogue,  and  is  useful  wherever  iron  is  indicated. 

Mistura  Glycyrrhi'ZjE  Compos'ita,  Com- 
pound mixture  of  Liq'uorice,  Brown  Mixture. 
[Extract.  Glycyrrhiz.  pulv..  Acacia  pulv.,  Sac- 
char., aa  §ss;  Tinct.  opii  camphorat.  f^ij  ;  Vin. 
antimon.  f 5J  ;  Spirit,  ather.  nitric,  f^ss;  Aqua 
fgxij.  Rub  the  liquorice,  gum  arable,  and  sugar 
with  the  water,  gradually  poured  upon  them ; 
add  the  other  ingredients  and  mix.  Ph.  U,  S.) 
A  popular  cough  medicine,  but  not  deserving  of 
being  made  officinal.  Dose,  a  tablespoonful  or 
fgss. 

Mistura  Guai'aci,  Mixture  of  guai'ac,  Lao 
guaiaci,  Emtd'sio  guaiaci'na,  Mistura  guaiaci 
gummo'sa,  M.  gumnii  gua'iaci  Bergcri,  Solu'tio 
guaiaci  gummo'sa,  S.  resi'na  guaiaci  aquo'sa, 
(F.)  Mixture  de  Guyac.  [Guaiac.  g.  resin.  ^\as, 
sacch.  pur.  ^ij,  muc.  acacia  gum.  ^ij,  aq.  cinnam. 
f^viij.  Rub  the  guaiacum  with  the  sugar;  then 
with  the  mucilage.  Add,  gradually,  the  cinna- 
mon water.    Ph.  L.)     Dose,  fgss  to  fgij. 

Mistura  Gummi  Guaiaci  Bergeri,  Mistura 
Guaiaci — m.  Leniens,  Looch  ex  ovo. 

Mistura  Moschi,  J/us/c  mixture,  Mistura  mos- 
cha'ta.  [Moschi,  acacia  gum.  contus.,  sacch.  pu- 
rif,  sing,  ^j,  aq.  rosa  f^vj.  Rub  the  musk  with 
the  sugar;  add  the  gum,  and,  by  degrees,  the 
rose-water.    Ph.  L.)     Dose,  f^ss  to  f^ij. 

Mistura  Stryor'nIjE,  Jlixture  of  strych'nia. 
[Distilled  leater,  ^ij,  very  pure  strychhia,  1  gr., 
white  sugar,  gij  ;  M.)    Dose,  a  dessert-spoonful. 

Mistura  Sulphurico-acida,  Elixir  acidum 
Halleri  —  m.  Vulneraria  acida  —  Arque  busade, 
Eau  d'. 

MITCHEL'LA  REPENS,  Partridge  berry. 
A  pretty  little  indigenous  trailing  evergreen,  of 
the  Cinchona  family — Cinchoneae, — which  flow- 
ers from  June  to  July.  It  has  been  considered 
an  expectorant,  emmenagogue,  and  diuretic ;  and 
has  been  prescribed  in  dropsy  and  gout. 

MITELLA,  Sling. 

MITH'RIDATE,  Mithrida'tium,  Mithridai'- 
icum  medicamen'tum,  Anfid'otum  J^Iithrida'tiwm, 
Diaacin'ci  antid'otus,  Confec'tio  Damoc' ratia.     A 


MITHRIDATICUM 


566 


MOPFAT 


«rery  compound  electuary,  into  which  entered  — 
Myrrh  of  Arabia,  Saffron,  Agaric,  Ginger,  Cinna- 
mon, Frankincense,  Garlic,  Mustard,  Birthwort, 
Galhamim,  Castor,  Long  pepper,  Opoponax,  Bdel- 
lium, Gum  Arabic,  Opium,  Gentian,  Orris,  Saga- 
penum.  Valerian,  Acacia,  Hyjyericum,  Canary 
ioine,  Honey,  &c.  It  was  invented  by  Mithrida- 
tes,  king  of  Pontus  and  Bithynia,  and  was  for- 
merly regarded  as  alexipharmic.  It  is  little  used 
at  the  present  day,  and,  from  its  heterogeneous 
nature,  should  be  wholly  abandoned. 

MITHRIDATICUM  MEDICAMENTUM,Mi- 
thridate. 

MITIGANS,  Lenitive. 

MITRA  HIPPOCRATICA,  Bonnet  d'Eippo- 
crate. 

MITRAL,  ilitra'lis.  Having  the  form  of  a 
mitre ;  resembling  a  bishop's  mitre. 

Mitral  Valves,  Val'vula  mitra'les,  V.  Cordis 
mitra'les,  V.  ejiiscopa'les,  V.  hicuspida'les.  Two 
triangular  valves  at  the  opening  of  communi- 
cation between  the  left  auricle  of  the  heart  and 
the'  corresponding  ventricle.  These  valves  are 
formed  by  the  inner  membrane  of  the  left  cavi- 
ties of  the  heart;  and  are  retained  on  the  side  t)f 
the  ventricle  by  tendinous  cords,  proceeding  from 
the  columnae  carnese.  They  form  a  species  of 
valve,  which  permit  the  blood  to  pass  from  the 
auricle  into  the  ventricle  and  oppose  its  return. 
MITRIUM,  Sling. 

MITTE  (F.),  Efflu'vium   Latrina'rium.      An 
emanation  exhaled  from  privies,  which  strongly 
irritates  the  eyes.    It  consists  of  ammonia,  united 
to  the  carbonic  and  hydro-sulphuric  acids. 
MIUAMARU,  see  Arrow  poison. 
MIXIS,  Coition. 
MIXTIO,  Mistura. 
MIXTURA,  Mistura. 

MIXTURE,  Mistura  —  m.  of  Ammoniac,  Mis- 
tura ammoniaci  —  m.  of  Asafoetida,  Mistura  asa- 
foetidae — m.  Brown,  Mistura  glycyrrhizse  compo- 
sita — m.  Calmante,  Looch  ex  ovo — m.  Camphor, 
Mistura  camphorae  —  m.  Chalk,  Mistura  cretas  — 
VI.  de  Craie,  Mistura  cretse — m.  Cretaceous,  Mis- 
tura cretSB — m.  of  Emetine,  emetic,  Mistura  eme- 
tinse  vomitoria — m.  de  Fer  composee,  Mistura  ferri 
composita  —  m.  de  Gayac,  Mistura  Guaiaci  —  m. 
Griffith's,  Mistura  ferri  composita — m.  of  Guaiac, 
Mistura  Guaiaci  —  m.  of  Hartshorn,  burnt,  Mis- 
tura comu  usti — m.  of  Iron,  compound,  Mistura 
ferri  composita. 

Mixture,  Hope's.  A  mixture  recommended 
by  Mr.  Hope,  in  diarrhoea  and  dysentery.  It  is 
essentially  a  nitrate  of  morphia.  Although  the 
proposer  employed  the  acidum  nitrosum  of  the 
Edinburgh  Pharmacopoeia,  nitric  acid  is  gene- 
rally used.  {Acid,  nitres,  i^j  ;  Acjucb  camphor. 
f^viij;  Tinct.  opii  gtt.  xl. ;  M.)  Dose,  a  fourth 
part  every  three  or  four  hours. 

Mixture  of  Liquorice,  Compound,  Mistura 
glycyrrhizaB  composita. 

Mixture,  Musk,  Mistura  moschi — m.  Neutral, 
Liquor  potass*  citratis — m.  of  Prussic  acid,  Mis- 
tura acidi  hydrocyanici. 

Mixture,  Scudamore's.  A  mixture  recom- 
mended by  Sir  C.  Scudamore  in  gouty  and  rheu- 
matic affections,  and  much  prescribed  in  the 
United  States.  Magnes.  sulph,  §j  —  5^5  ■^1^<b 
menthcB  f^x  ;  Aceti  cnlchie.  f^j — f^iss;  Syrup 
croci  f5J  ;  ilagnes.  ^viij.  M.  Dose,  one,  two,  or 
three  tablespoonfuls,  repeated  every  two  hours  in 
;i  paroxysm  of  gout,  until  from  four  to  six  evacu- 
ations are  produced  in  the  twenty  four  hours. 
Mixture  op  Strychnia,  Mistura  strychniae. 
MNEME,  Memory. 

Mneme  Cephal'icum  Bal'samum.  a  very 
eonipuand  medicine,  into  which  entered  Balm, 


Lily,  Rosemary,  Lavender,  Borage,  Broom,  Scsea, 
Violet,  Saffron,  Thyme,  Storax,  Galhaniim,  &C. 
MNEMONEUTICE,  Mnemonics. 
MNEMON'ICS,  Mnemon'ice,  Mnemoneu'tice, 
from  jivaofiai,  '  I  recollect.'  The  art  of  aiding  the 
memory  by  signs ;  and  of  forming,  in  some  sort, 
an  artificial  memory. 

MOANING,  from  Sax.  maenan,  'to  grieve.' 
Eespira'tio  luctuo'sa,  Mychthis'mos.  A  plaintive 
respiration,  in  which  the  patient  utters  audible 
groans  —  moans,  (F.)  Gemissemens. 

MOBILE,  see  Saint  Augustine. 

MOBIL'ITY,  J/o6!;7'i>rt«,  from  moh'ilis,  contrac- 
tion ot  movibilis,  'that  can  be  moved.'  The  power 
of  being  moved.  In  pihysiology,  great  nervous 
susceptibility,  often  joined  to  a  disposition  to  con- 
vulsion.    Greatly  developed  excitability. 

MOCCASIN  FLOWER,  Cypripedium  acaule, 
C.  luteum. 

MOCH'LIA.  Reduction  of  a  luxated  bone; 
from  no'x)<os,  a  lever. 

MOCHLICUS,  Purgative. 

MOCHLISCUS,  Lever. 

MOCHLUS,  Lever. 

MOCHTHUS,  Agony. 

MOCK-KNEES,  Crusta  genu  equina. 

MODELLING  PROCESS.  A  term  proposed 
by  Dr.  Macartney,  of  Dublin,  to  signify  the  mode 
in  which  wounds  are  healed  without  inflamma- 
tion or  suppuration,  by  a  deposite  of  plastic 
matter  from  the  surface  of  the  wound,  by  which 
the  gap  is  more  rapidly  filled, — portion  being  laid 
upon  portion,  without  waste,  after  the  manner  of 
clay  in  the  hands  of  the  sculptor:  —  hence  the 
term. 

MODI'OLUS,  'the  nave  of  a  wheel.'  Pyr'a- 
mis  seu  Axis  coch'lea.  A  hollow  cone  in  the 
cochlea  of  the  ear,  forming  a  nucleus,  axis,  or 
central  pillar,  round  which  the  gyri  of  the  coch- 
lea pass.  The  modiolus  forms  the  inner  and 
larger  portion  of  the  central  pillar,  and  is  the 
cavity  seen  at  the  bottom  of  the  meatus  audito- 
rius  internus.  It  lodges  a  branch  of  the  auditory 
nerve.  The  central  portion  of  the  modiolus  con- 
tains a  number  of  minute  canals,  and  is  called  in 
consequence  Tractiis  spira' lis  foraminulo' sus. 
Into  these  the  nerves  of  the  cochlea  enter,  and 
pass  out  at  right  angles  between  the  bony  plates 
forming  the  zona  ossea  of  the  lamina  spiralis,  to 
be  expanded  on  the  membranous  portion  of  the 
lamina. 

Modiolus,  Mas,  also  means  the  crown  of  the 
trepan. 

MO'DIUS.  A  dry  measure,  the  third  of  an 
amphora,  equal  to  the  bushel. — Varro. 

MODUS  OPERAN'DI,  'mode  of  operating.' 
This  term  is  applied  to  the  general  principles 
upon  which  remedies  act  in  morbid  states  of  the 
body; — a  subject  of  much  interest,  although  in- 
volved in  considerable  obscurity. 

The  following  classification  will  convey  some 
idea  of  the  ways  in  which  different  organs  may 
be  excited  into  action. 

1.  By  actual  or  immediate  contact  of  the  remedy,  and 
by  absorption  or  mediate  contact. 

2.  By  an  impulse  conveyed  by  the  nerves,  throueh  an 
impression  marie  on  the  stomach  or  elsewhere. 

3.  By  contiffuous  or  continuous  sympathy,  or  by  mere 
proximity  or  continuity  of  pans. 

MOELLE,  Marrow — m.  Allovgee,  Medulla  ob- 
longata— m.  Epiniere,  Medulla  spinalis — m.  Ver~ 
tehrale,  Medulla  spinalis. 

MOENIA  DENTIUM,  Alveoli  dentium. 

MCEROR,  Athymia. 

MOFETTE,  see  Mephitism. 

MOFFAT,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.    Moffat 


MOaiGRAPHIA 


567 


MOLLITIES 


is  a  village  situate  about  56  miles  S.  TV.  of  Edin- 
burgli.  The  water  is  a  cold  sulphureous ;  con- 
taining, in  a  wine  gallon,  36  grains  of  chloride  of 
sodium,  5  cubic  inches  of  carbonic  gas,  4  of  azote, 
and  10  of  sulphohydric  acid.  It  resembles  Har- 
rowgate  water  in  its  properties. 

A  strong  chalybeate  spring  was  discovered 
there  about  the  year  182S,  which  contains  sesqui- 
sulphate  of  peroxide  of  iron,  sulphate  of  alumina, 
and  uncombined  sulphuric  acid. 

MOGIGRAPHIA,  Cramp,  writers'. 

MOGILA'LIA,  Parala'lia,  from  noytg,  'with 
difficulty,'  and  \a\uv,  'to  speak.'  This  word  is 
inaccurately  written  by  Paul  Zacchias, — 3Iola'lia, 
and  Molila'lia.  Difficult  or  defective  articulation. 
Impediment  of  speech.     See  Balbuties. 

MOGOSTOCIA,  Dystocia,  Laborious  labour. 

MOGUS,  Agony. 

MOHAWK  TASSEL,  Eupatorium  purpureum. 

MOHRIA  THURIF'RAGA.  A  South  African 
fern,  Nat.  Ord.  Filices,  the  dry  leaves  of  which, 
pulverized  and  made  into  an  ointment  with  fat, 
are  serviceable  in  burns  and  scalds. 

MOIGNON,  Stump. 

MOIS,  Jlenses. 

MOISTURE,  ITndor,  (F.)  Mottevr,  anciently 
moisteiir.  Simple  humidity  of  the  skin.  The  skin 
is  said  to  be  moist  or  in  a  state  of  moisture,  when 
there  is  slight  perspiration. 

3101 TEUR,  Moisture. 

MOLA,  Maxillary  bone,  Molar  tooth,  Mole, 
Patella." 

MOLAGOCODI,  Piper  nigrum. 

MO  L AIRE,  Molar. 

MOLALIA,  Mogilalia. 

MOLAR,  Ifola'ris,  3Iy'licus,  (F.)  3folaire,  3feu- 
lih-c.  That  which  bruises  or  grinds  ;  from  mala- 
ria, '  a  grindstone,'  or  mola,  '  a  millstone.' 

Molar  Glands.  Two  small  bodies  formed  by 
a  collection  of  mucous  crypts ;  seated  in  the  sub- 
stanc-e  of  the  cheeks,  between  the  masseter  and 
bueeinator  muscles,  and  whose  excretory  ducts 
open  into  the  mouth  opposite  the  last  molar  tooth. 

Molar  Teeth,  Grinders,  Jaw  Teeth,  3[ola'res 
permanen'tes  denies,  Denies  molares  seu  mascilla'- 
res  seu  gom'phii  seu  clava'les,  3IoIcb,  Gomphioi, 
Jly'lacri,  ily'lodontes,  3[y'lodi,  3/oniis'ci,  (F.) 
Dents  molaires  ou  mdchelieres,  occupy  the  farther 
part  of  each  alveolar  arch.  Their  coronas  are 
broader  than  they  are  high :  unequal,  tubercu- 
lated ;  and  the  roots  are  more  or  less  subdivided. 
They  are  20  in  number,  10  in  each  jaw.  The  first 
two  pairs  of  molar  teeth  in  each  jaw  have  been 
called  lesser  molares  or  bicuspid.  Denies  bicuspi- 
da'ti.  The  coronae  have  two  tubercles ;  the  outer 
being  more  prominent  and  larger  than  the  inner. 
The  root  is  commonly  simple ;  sometimes  bifur- 
■  cated.  The  other  three  pairs  have  been  termed, 
G-reat  molares — Denis  multieuspidees  (Ch.)  Their 
coronas  are  cubical,  rounded,  and  have,  at  the 
upper  surface,  four  or  five  tubercles,  separated  by 
deep  furrows.  The  root  is  divided  into  two, 
three,  four,  and  &ve  fancfs,  which  are  more  or  less 
curved.  The  third  great  molaris  appears  a  long 
time  after  the  others,  and  hence  has  been  called 
Dens  sapien'tim  or  Wisdom,  tooth. 

MOLASSES,  Melasses. 

MOLE,  3Iola,  from  moles,  'mass.'  3lyle,  Ze- 
phyr'iua  foetus,  Germen  falsum,  Pseudocye'sis  mo- 
laris, Gravid'itas  molaris,  3Iooncalf,  old  French, 
Fardean.  A  fleshy,  insensible,  at  times,  soft — at 
others,  hard — mass  ;  of  variable  and  determinate 
size,  which  forms  in  the  uterus,  and  is  slightly 
united  by  vessels  to  that  organ ;  from  which  its 
feeble  vitality  is  derived.  It  has  been  conceived 
by  some  to  be  always  owing  to  imperfect  concep- 
tion; but  moles  may  form  ia  the  undoubted  vir- 


gin. They  seem  to  be  owing  to  a  morbid  pro- 
cess ;  and  certainly  are  generally  connected  with 
conception.  At  times,  they  contain  parts  of  the 
foetus ;  but  commonly  do  not.  At  very  dilierent 
periods,  in  difierent  women,  the  diseased  mass  is 
expelled  from  the  uterus,  with  ordinary  sj-mp- 
toms  of  abortion ;  and  the  case  i-equires  similar 
management.  See,  also,  Nasvus  and  Conception, 
(false.) 

MOLE  PLANT,  Euphorbia  lathvris. 

MOLECULAR,  3/olecula'ris.  Of  or  belong- 
ing to  molecules  or  minute  portions  of  any  thing. 
Hence  molecular  death,  in  contradistinction  to 
somatic  death. 

MOL'ECULE,  3Iolec'idri,  3[ass'ula;  diminu- 
tive of  moles,  '  a  mass.'  A  minute  portion  of  any 
body.  Also,  the  cicatric' ula,  ma'cula,  gallatu'ra, 
gelat' inous  molecule,  tread  of  the  cock,  or  embryo 
part  of  the  impregnated  ovum,  observable  by  the 
microscope  before  the  ovum  has  left  the  ovarium 
of  the  hen.  It  lies  under  the  epidermic  coats  of 
the  yelk,  and  upon  its  proper  coat.  If  the  ovum, 
according  to  Valentin,  be  lacerated  and  its  con- 
tents minutely  examined,  the  cicatricula  is  found 
like  a  grayish  white  disk,  which  in  its  whole  pe- 
riphery is  dense,  granulous,  and  opake ;  but  in 
the  centre  presents  a  clear,  nongranulous,  and 
perfectly  diaphanous  point.  Purkinje  found,  that 
when  he  removed  the  darlt  granulous  mass  by 
suction  with  a  small  tube,  there  remained  a  per- 
fectly transparent  vesicle  filled  with  a  pellucid 
lymph,  which  had  a  decidedly  spherical  form, 
but,  being  extremely  delicate,  was  easily  lacera- 
ted, and  then  its  fluid  escaped.  As  he  found  this, 
which  later  naturalists  have  named — after  its  dis- 
coverer— the  Purkin'jean  ves'icle,  in  tlie  ova  of  the 
ovary,  but  could  not  see  it  in  ova,  which  had  al- 
ready entered  the  oviduct,  he  gave  it  the  name 
germinal  vesicle,  vesic'ula  prolif'era  seu  gerinina- 
ti'va,  (F.)  Vesicule  germinative.  Besides  a  per- 
fectly colourless  fluid,  this  contains  one  or  mora 
dark  corpuscles,  which  appear  as  a  nucleus 
through  the  including  membrane  in  the  shape  of 
opake  spots — the  germinal  S2}ot,macti'la  germani- 
ti'va  seu  ger'minans,  nu'cleus  germuniii'vus,  (F.) 
Tache  germinative.  The  granulous  membrane — 
its  thickened  portion,  the  so  called  '  cicatricula,' 
— and  the  germinal  vesicle,  constitute  those  parts 
of  the  ovum  which  pass  immediately  into  the 
original  foundation  of  the  embryo,  the  hlastoder- 
ma  or  germinal  membrane,  vesic'ula  hlastodermat' - 
ica,  blastoder'mic  vesicle. 

Molecule,  Gelatinous,  Molecule. 

3I0LENE,  Verbascum  nigrum. 

MOLES   GANGLIFORMIS,  Ganglion  of 

MOLIBDUS,  Plumbum. 

MOLILALIA,  Mogilalia. 

MOLI'MEN,  pL  MoLiMiNA,  from  molior,  'to 
move  or  stir.'     An  attempt,  a  struggle.     Hence : 

MoLiMEN  Crit'icum.  An  impulsion  towards 
a  sudden  solution  or  crisis  of  a  disease. 

MoLiMEN  H^morrhag"icum.  The  hemor- 
rhagic diathesis  or  impulsion. 

MoLiMEN  H^morrhoida'le.  The  hemorrh(ji. 
dal  diathesis  or  impulsion.     See  Hsemorrhois. 

MoLiMEN  Menstrua'lb.  The  menstrual  dia- 
thesis or  impulsion. 

MoLiMEN  Nature  Salutarium,  Instinct. 

MOLLESCENCE,  Mollities. 

3I0LLET.  Sura. 

MOLLIPUFFS,  Lycoperdon. 

MOLLIS  MATER,  Pia  mater. 

lS'i.0lAjlT'TE^,3folles'cence,  3falacis'mns,  3Jo^ 
lit"ia,  3follitu'do,  Emollii"ies,  Emolliiies  morho'- 
sn,  3Iollitio,  3falax'is,  3folaco'sis,  3lnJthax'ia, 
(F.)  Eamollissement ;  (G.)  Malakien  (Fuehs) ; 


MOLLITIO 


568 


MONGOLIAN 


from  mollis,  '  soft.'     Preternatural  softness  of  an 
organ  or  part  of  an  organ. 

MoLLiTiES  Cer'ebri,  Malaco' sis  Cer'ehri,  En- 
ceplialoriiala' cia,  Encephalomalax' is,  Necrenceph' - 
alas  (W.  Farr,)  Cerebromala' cia,  EiicepTialoaep'- 
S!S,  IfoUes'cence  or  softening  or  a  kind  of  lique- 
faction of  the  cerebral  substance  j  the  remainder 
preserving  its  ordinary  consistency.  (F.)  Ramol- 
lid-iement  du  eerveau.  The  neurine  often  contains 
small  clots  of  blood,  giving  rise  to  vs'hat  has  been 
termed  Apoplexie  aapillaire,  (Cruveilhier.)  The 
symptoms  denoting  it  are  equivocal. 
MoLLiTiES  Cordis,  Cardiomalacia. 
MoLLiTiES  Medul'l^  Spina'lis,  Myelomala'- 
cia,  (F.)  liamollissement  de  la  Moelle  Ep>iniere. 
Softening  of  the  spinal  marrow. 

MoLHTlES  Os'siujr,  Jfalacosteo'sis,  Ilalacos'- 
teon,  EmolUt"ies  os'sium,  Paros'tia  flex'ilis,  Os- 
ieomalaeo' sis,  Rachi'tis  seu  Rachi'tis  adulto'rum, 
Spina  vento'sa  (of  some),  Osteomala'cia,  Soften- 
ing of  the  bones,  (F.)  Osteo-malacie,0steo-malaxie, 
Osteo-malakie,  Ramollissement  des  os.  A  rare 
affection  in  which  the  bones  are  deprived  of  their 
.«alts,  particularly  of  the  phosphate  of  lime,  and 
consist  only,  or  mainly,  of  gelatin ;  hence  they 
acquire  a  degree  of  suppleness  which  renders 
them  unfit  for  the  performance  of  their  functions. 
The  disease  generally  affects  all  the  bones  ,•  but 
it  is  especially  remarkable  during  life  in  the  long 
bones,  which  assume  any  curvature  that  may  be 
■wished.  Very  violent  pain  is  often  experienced  in 
them ;  and  the  urine  frequently  contains  an  enor- 
mous proportion  of  calcareous  phosphate.  The 
patient  is  compelled  to  remain  in  the  horizontal 
posture ;  the  bones  no  longer  being  fixed  points 
for  the  muscles  to  act  upon.  The  disease  has, 
hitherto,  always  terminated  fatally,  and  dissec- 
tion has  exhibited  the  gelatinous  nature  of  the 
bones;  which,  by  desiccation,  have  become  trans- 
parent, as  if  they  had  been  macerated  in  acid. 

Experience  has  afforded  no  means  of  relief  in 
this  dreadful  afBietion.  The  alkaline  salts,  earthy 
phosphates,  &e.  are  of  little  or  no  use. 

MOLLITIO,  Mollifies. 

MOLLITUDO,  Mollities. 

MOLLUS'CUM,  Athero'ma.  A  cutaneous  af- 
fection, so  called  in  consequence  of  its  resem- 
blance to  certain  molluscous  animals.  It  con- 
sists of  numerous  tumours,  varying  in  size  from 
that  of  a  pea  to  that  of  a  pigeon's  egg,  filled  with 
an  atheromatous  matter,  which  are  developed  in 
the  substance  of  the  derma,  and  are  of  various 
shapes,  some  having  a  large  base,  —  others  adhe- 
rent by  means  of  a  pedicle. 

Molluscum  conlagio'aum,  a  singular  variety,  is 
characterized  by  the  presence  of  hard,  round,  tu- 
bercles, which  are  smooth  and  transparent,  and 
when  pressed,  pour  out  from  an  orifice  in  their 
summits  a  little  opake  or  milky  fluid. 

The  disease  is  probably  seated  in  the  sebaceous 
follicles. 

If  internal  treatment  be  adopted  at  all,  it  must 
consist  of  eutrophics,  as  arsenic,  iodine,  <fcc.  The 
external  treatment  consists  in  the  employment  of 
measures  calculated  to  excite  the  tubercles  to  in- 
flammation, as  by  touching  them  with  potassa. 

MOLOCHE,  Malva  rotundifolia. 

MOLOPES,  Vibices. 

MOLYBDiEXUM  MAGNESII,  Manganese, 
black  cxide  of. 

MGLYBDOS,  Plumbum. 

MOLYBDOSIS,  Lead-poisoning. 

MOLYNE,  Anus. 

MOLYNSIS,  Miasma. 

MOMIE,  Mummy. 

.AIOMIN,  Mamei.' 

AlOMISCL  Molar  teeth. 

MOMOPt'DICA,   M.  Bahand'na,  Bahami'na, 


Nevrosper' ma    cuspida'ta,    Balm-apple,    Balsam 
appAe,  (F.)  Balsamine,  Pomrne  de  merveille.    The 
fruit  of  this  oriental  tree,  Pomum  mirab'il'e  seu 
hierosolymita'num,  was  formerly  considered  vnl-  ' 
nerary, 

MoMORBicA  AsPERA,  M.  Elaterium. 

Momor'dica  Elate'rium  :  M.  aa'pera,  Elatc'- 
rium,  Eebu'lia  Elate'rium,  Cu'cvmia  agres'tis  seu 
amni'nus,  O.  sylvestris,  Elate'rium  oficina'rnm 
seu  cordifo'lium,  Charan'tia,  Bouba'lios,  Guurerba 
orba.  Wild  or  Squirting  cu'ciimber,  Ecbol'ium 
elate'rium,  (F.)  Ooncombre  Sauvage,  Momordiqne. 
Nat.  Order,  Cucurbitacese.  The  dried  sediment 
from  the  juice  is  the  elaterium  of  the  shojjs.  (See 
Extraetum  Elaterii.)  It  is  a  most  powerful  ca- 
thartic, and,  as  such,  has  been  used  in  dropsies. 
Its  active  principle  is  the  Elatiti,  Elaterin  or 
Elaterium.     Dose,  gr.  i  to  gr.  j.  until  it  operates. 

M03I0RDIQUE,  Momordica  elaterium. 

MONAD,  from  monas,  'unity.'  A  simple  par- 
ticle, or  atom,  or  unit.  —  Leibnitz.  The  smallest 
of  all  visible  animalcules.  A  primary  cell  or 
germ. 

MON^,  Xates. 

MONAR'DA  COCCIN'EA,  Scarlet  Rose  halm. 
Mountain  mint,  Oswego  Tea,  Mountain  Balm., 
Horsemint,  Square  stalk.  Red  Balm  j  a  beautiful 
indigenous  plant,  having  the  excitant  propertiej 
of  Monarda  punctata. 

Moxar'da  Fistulo'sa,  Purple  monar'da.  The 
leaves  have  a  fragrant  smell;  and  an  aroma- 
tic, somewhat  bitter  taste.  They  are  reputed  to 
be  nervine,  stomachic,  and  deobstruent. 

Monar'da  PuNcta'ta,  Horsemint.  Sex.  Syst. 
Diandria  Monogynia.  Nat.  Ord.  Labiatas.  In- 
digenous in  the  United  States.  Stimulant  and 
carminative.  The  Oleum  monarda  is  officinal  in 
the  United  States. 

Monarda,  Purple,  M.  fistulosa. 

MONDER  (F.),  from  mundus,  'cleanly.'  To 
render  clean  or  pure.  In  Pharmacy,  it  means  to 
separate  any  substance  from  its  impure  or  useless 
portion.  In  surgery,  monder  on  mondifier  tine 
plaic,  is  to  clean  or  deterge  a  wound. 

MONDIFICATIFS,  Detergents. 

MONDIFIER  UNE  PLAIE,  see  Monder. 

MONE'MEROX,  Monoe'meroii,  Monohe'meron ; 
irom  fiovog,  '  one,' and  'riixspa,  'a  day.'  A  name 
given  to  several  eollyria,  which  were  supposed  to 
be  capable  of  curing  diseases  of  the  eyes  in  a  day. 

MONENTERUM,  Colon. 

MONE'SIA.  A  vegetable  extract  imported  into 
Europe  from  South  America,  in  hard,  thick  cakes. 
It  is  prepared  from  the  bark  of  a  tree,  whose  bo- 
tanical name  is  uncertain — probably  C?irysophyl'- 
lum  glycypMoE'um.  It  is  very  friable,  and  its  frac- 
ture very  much  resembles  that  of  a  well-torrefied 
cocoanut.  It  is  wholly  soluble  in  water;  and  it3 
taste — which  is  at  first  sweet  like  liquorice — some- 
times becomes  astringent.  It  is  on  account  of  its 
astringent  properties  that  it  has  been  prescribed 
in  chronic  bronchitis,  hajmoptysis,  diarrhoea,  leu- 
corrhoea,  uterine  hemorrhage,  kc.  It  has  been 
applied  locally,  in  the  form  of  ointment,  {Mones. 
p.  1,  Adijyis,  p.  vij. 

The  dose  of  Monesia  is  from  12  to  40  grains  a 
day. 

MONEYWORT,  Lysimachia  nuramularia. 

MONGO'LIAN.  Anthropologists  give  the  name 
Mongolian  race  to  a  variety  of  the  human  species, 
spread  over  a  groat  part  of  the  north  of  Asia,  in 
China,  India,  Thibet,  the  Moluccas,  <tc.  The  in- 
dividuals composing  it  have  the  skin  of  a  brown 
red,  forehead  flat,  nose  broad,  cheeks  prominent, 
and  lips  large.     See  Homo. 

MONISM/  Monis'nnis ;  from  fiovog,  'alone.* 
The  doctrine,  which  declares  matter  and  mind  tO 
be  identical. 


MONK 


569 


MONTBRISON 


MONK  PHYSICIANS  AND  SURGEONS.  A 
class  of  practitioners  of  whom  Frere  Cosme  and 
Jacques  Beaulieu  in  France,  and  Pravetz  in  Ger- 
many, were  the  most  distinguished. 

MONKSHOOD,  Aconitum — m.  Common,  Aco- 
nitum  napellus — m.  Salutary,  Aconitum  anthora. 
MONNI'NA  POLYSTA'CHIA.  A  beautiful 
South  American  plant.  A^at.  Ord.  Polygale». 
Sex.  Sjjst.  Diadelphia  Octandria.  The  bark  of 
the  root  is  a  powerful  astringent,  and  much  used 
in  South  America  in  diseases  of  the  bowels. 

MONOBLEP'SIS,from  iiovoi,  'one,'  and  /3X£if  if, 
*  sight.'  An  affection  in  which  vision  is  confused, 
imperfect,  and  indistinct,  when  both  eyes  are  em- 
ployed ;  but  perfect  or  nearly  so,  when  either  eye 
is  used  singly. 

MONOCAR'P^;  from  fiovo?,  'alone,'  'single,' 
and  Kap-oi,  'fruit.'  A  division  of  cutaneous 
affections,  of  the  family  of  Eczematosen  of 
Fuchs,  which  includes  strophulus,  psydracia,  and 
ecthyma. 

MONOCEPH'ALUS,  from  ixovo;,  'one,'  and 
KcipaXi/,  '  head.'  A  compound  monster  having 
two  bodies  with  a  single  head. 
MONOCOLON,  Cscum,  Rectum. 
MONOCRA'NUS,  from  novot,  'one,'  'single,' 
and  Kpavov,  Kpaviov,  '  cranium.'  A  monster  with 
one  cranium,  but  with  the  face  in  part  double  — 
Gurlt. 

MONOCULUM,  Cajcum. 

MONOC'ULUS,  Mon'ocle,  MonopltliaV  mus, 
Unioe'idus,  Unoc'ulus,  from  /iovos,  'one,'  and 
oculus,  'an  eye.'  A  bandage  employed  to  main- 
tain topical  applications  over  one  of  the  eyes. 
This  bandage,  called  by  some  surgeons  Simplex 
oc'ulus,  (F.)  CEil  simple,  is  made  of  a  roller  three 
or  four  ells  long,  rolled  into  a  single  ball.  See 
Cyclops. 

MONODIPLO'PIA;  {vomiiovog,  'alone,' SnrXov;, 
'  double,'  and  uxp,  '  eye.'  Double  vision  with  one 
eye. 

MONOEMERON,  Monemeron. 
MONOGAS'TRIC,  Monogas'tricus  ;  from  ,/orof, 
'  one,'  and  yaarrjp,   '  stomach.'     That  which  has 
but  one  stomach.     Man  is  monogastric  ;  rumina- 
ting animals,  on  the  contrary,  are  polygasti-ic. 

MON'OGRAPH,     MED'ICAL,    Monograph' ia 
med'ica;  from  /lovo;,  'one,'  and  ypatpr;,  'descrip- 
tion.'    An  ex  professo  treatise  on  a  single  class 
of  diseases,  or  on  a  single  disease. 
MONOHEMERON,  Monemeron. 
MONOMACHON,  Csecum. 
MONOMACUM,  Ceeeum. 
MONOMANIA,  see  Melancholy  —  m.  Homi- 
cidal, Homicidal  insanity — m.  Incendiary,  Pyro- 
mania. 

3L0N0MANIE,  Melancholy  —  m.  Homicide, 
Homicidal  insanity. 

MONOMMATOS,  Cyclops. 
MONOMORIA,  see  Melancholy. 
MONOPAGIA,  Clavus  hystericus,  Hemicrania. 
MONOP'ATHT,  il/o7!o^aiAi''a,  from //ovof, 'one,' 
and  -nados,  '  disorder.'    A  state  in  which  one  organ 
or  function  is  disordered.  Applied  to  melancholy 
or  monomania ;  which  is  said  to  be  a  monopathic 
affection. 

MONOPEGIA,  Clavus  hvstericus,  Hemicrania. 
MONOPHTHALMUS,  Cyclops,  Monoeulus. 
MONOPLAS'TIC,  Jfonoplas'ticus  :  from  fxovo;, 
'one,'  and  -rAno-o-a),  'I  form.'    That  which  has  one 
form.    A  monoplastie  element,  in  histology,  is  one 
which  retains  its  primary  form.  —  Gerber. 
MONOPODIA,  Sympodia. 
MONOPS,  Cyclops. 
MONOPSIA,  Cyclopia. 
MONOPUS,  Symmeles. 


MONOR'CHIS,  from  fiovo?,  'one,'  and  op-^^n, 
'  testicle.'     One  who  has  only  one  testicle. 

MONOSI'TIA,  from  fxovoq,  'one,'  and  airoi, 
'food,'  'repast.'  The  habit  of  taking  only  one 
meal  in  the  day. 

MONOT'ROPA  UNIFLO'RA,  Indian  pipe, 
Tceplant,  Pipe-jilant,  Nest  root.  Fit  root.  An  in- 
digenous plant,  whose  juice,  mixed  with  water, 
has  been  extolled  by  the  Indians  in  ophthalmia. 
The  dried  root  in  powder  has  been  given  in  epi- 
lepsy and  nervous  diseases. 

MONROIA'NUM  FORA'MEN.  A  foramen  at 
the  anterior  part  of  the  lateral  ventricles  of  the 
brain,  by  which  they  communicate  with  each 
other,  is  so  called  from  the  second  Monro. 

MONS  VEN'ERIS,3/oHf!c'j(^«s  Yen' eris,  Ephe-. 
he'im,  (F.)  Ilont  de  Venus,  Penil,  Motte,  Emi- 
nence sus-puhienne.  The  more  or  less  projecting 
eminence,  situate  at  the  base  of  the  hypogas- 
trium,  above  the  vulva  and  in  front  of  the  03 
pubis.  At  the  period  of  puberty  it  becomes 
covered  with  hair,  formerly  called  Tresso'ria. 

MONSO'NIA  OVA'TA,  Keita,  of  the  Hotten- 
tots. A  plant  of  the  Nat.  Ord.  Geraniacese,  which 
grows  at  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope.  The  root  and 
herb  are  very  astringent,  and  are  used  success- 
fully in  dysentery. 

MONSTER,  Monstrnm,  Terai,  Pelor,  Pelo'ria, 
Pelo'rium,  Pelo'rum.  Any  organized  being,  havinj; 
an  extraordinary  vice  of  conformation,  or  a  pre  - 
ternatural  perversion  of  every  part,  or  of  ceftaia 
parts  only. 

The  following  classification  embraces  the  maij* 
varieties  of  malformations  —  Vitia  j^rimcB  con- 
formatio'nis. — 1.  Those  in  which  certain  parts  of 
the  normal  body  are  absent  or  defective — monstra 
deficientia.  2.  These  produced  by  fusion  or  coa- 
lition of  organs  —  eoalitio  partium,  symjyhi/sis. 
3.  Those,  in  which  parts,  united  in  the  normal 
state  are  separated  from  each  other  —  clefts,  Jis- 
stires.  4.  Those  in  which  normal  openings  arf 
occluded  —  atresia.  5.  Those  by  excess,  or  ia 
which  certain  parts  have  a  disproportionate  size— 
monstra  ahundantia.  6.  Those,  in  which  o'he  01 
many  parts  have  an  abnormal  position — situs  mu- 
tatus.  7.  Those  affecting  the  sexual  organs  — 
hermaphroditism ;  and  to  these  "true  malforma- 
tions" Vogel  adds  8.  Diseases  of  the  foetus,  and 
abnormal  states  of  its  envelopes. 

Amongst  the  numerous  hypotheses  entertained 
on  the  origin  or  cause  of  monsters,  or  of  monstro- 
sity— terato'sis,  monstros'itas,  (F.)  monstruosite,  as 
the  state  has  been  called — three  only  are  worth 
mentioning.  They  have  been  attributed,  1.  To 
the  influence  of  the  maternal  imagination  on  the 
foetus  in  utero.  2.  To  accidental  changes,  expe- 
rienced by  the  fcetus  at  some  period  of  its  uterina 
existence :  and  3.  To  a  primitive  defect  in  tha 
germs.  The  second  seems  to  be  the  only  ona 
that  is  philosophical. 

As  a  medico-legal  question,  monsters,  if  capable 
of  action  as  individuals,  have  the  same  rights  a* 
other  persons. 

MONSTERS,  DOUBLE,  see  Duplication  — m. 
Triplet,  see  Triplet. 

MONSTRA  ABUNDANTIA,  see  Monster  — 
m.  Deficientia,  see  Monster  —  m.  Trigeminal  se< 
Triplet — -m.  Triplica,  see  Triplet. 

MONSTROSITAS,  see  Monster. 

MONSTROSITY,  see  Monster. 

MONSTRUM,  Monster. 

3I0NSTR  UOSITE,  see  Monster. 

MONT  DE  VENUS,  Mons  Veneris. 

MONTBRISON,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Montbrison  is  a  town  in  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Loire,  fifteen  leagues  from  Lyons. 
There   are   three  cold  springs   here,  which  art 


MONT 


570 


MORBUS 


highly  aeidulouSj  and  used  as  refrigerants  and 
aperients. 

MONT-DE-MARSAN,  MINERAL  WATERS 
OF.  Mont-de-Marsan  is  a  small  French  town, 
10  leagues  from  Dax ;  where  there  is  a  chalybeate 
spring,  somewhat  frequented. 

MONT-D'OR,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Mont  d'Or  is  a  village  seven  leagues  from  Cler- 
mont, (Puy-de-D6me,)  at  which  are  several  mine- 
ral springs,  cold  and  thermal.  Those  of  the 
Fountain  La  3Iadelarne,  and  of  the  Great  Bath, 
aru  thermal,  temp.  112°  Fahr.,  and  Contain  car- 
bonic acid,  suhearbonate  and  sulphate  of  soda, 
chloride  of  sodium,  suhearbonate  of  lime  and 
magnesia,  alumine  and  oxide  of  iron.  Those  of 
St.  Margaret  are  cold,  and  contain  much  carbonic 
acid. 

MONTECATI'NI,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
This  town  is  situate  near  Borgo-Buggiano,  in 
Tuscany.  The  sprinscs  are  thermal;  ranging  from 
78°  to  118°  Fahrenheit. 

MONTHLY  COURSES,  Menses— m.  Periods, 
Menses. 

MONTICULUS  CEREBELLI,  see  Vermiform 
processes  of  the  Cerebellum  —  m.  Veneris,  Mons 
veneris. 

MONTPELLIER,  CLIMATE  OF.  This  seat 
of  a  celebrated  medical  school  in  the  S.  E.  of 
France  was  at  one  time  renowned  for  its  climate, 
and  especially  in  regard  to  its  adaptation  to  con- 
sumptive eases.  This  is  now  exploded,  and  it  is 
at  present  esteemed  an  unfit  residence  for  them. 
The  climate  possesses  the  general  characters  of 
that  of  south-eastern  France — being  dry,  hot,  and 
irritating;  subject  to  frequent  vicissitudes,  and 
especially  to  blasts  of  keen,  cold,  northerly  winds. 
It  is,  indeed,  most  injurious  in  pulmonary  dis- 
eases. 

MOON,  Luna,  Sele'ne,  Mene,  Sax.  Mona,  (G.) 
M  0  n  d,  (F.)  Lime.  The  moon  has  been  supposed 
to  exert  considerable  influence  over  the  human 
body,  in  health  and  disease.  Such  influence  has 
been  grossly  exaggerated.  Not  many  years  ago, 
it  would  have  been  heretical  to  doubt  the  exacer- 
bation of  mania  at  the  full  of  the  moon ;  yet  it 
is  now  satisfactorily  shown,  that  if  the  light  be 
excluded  at  this  period,  the  lunatic  is  not  excited 
more  than  ordinarily. 

MOONSTRUCK,  Lunatic, 

MOONCALF,  Mole. 

MOORBERRY,  Vaeeinium  oxyeoccos, 

MOORSHEAD,  Alembic. 

MOORWORT,  BROAD-LEAVED,Andromeda 
mariana. 

MOOSEWOOD,  Direa  palustris. 

MOPHETA,  see  Mephitism. 

MORBEUX,  Morbid. 

MORBI,  see  Morbus  —  m.  Acquisiti,  Acquired 
diseases  —  m.  Acuti,  see  Acute  —  m.  Adventitii, 
Acquired  diseases — m.  Anniversarii,  Annual  dis- 
eases— m.  Annul,  Annual  diseases — m.  Asthenici, 
AdynamiEe  —  m.  Celati,  Feigned  diseases  —  m. 
Chronici,  Chronic  diseases  —  m.  Cognati,  Innate 
diseases  —  m.  Complicati,  see  Complication,  Im- 
pliciti  morbi — m.  Congeniti,  Innate  diseases — m. 
Connati,  Connate  diseases  —  m.  Connexi,  Con- 
jancti  morbi — m.  Consequentes,  Conjunct!  morbi 
— m.  Constrictorii,  see  Spasmoticus — m.  Derma- 
todes,  see  Dermatoid — m.  Dispersi,  Sporadic  dis- 
eases —  m.  Dissimulati,  Feigned  diseases  —  m. 
Epicteti,  Acquired  diseases — m.  Evolutionis,  see 
Development  —  m.  Hereditarii,  Hereditary  dis- 
eases—  m.  Homoedri,  see  Homoedrus — m.  Infi- 
Uati,  Feigned  diseases — m.  Interni,  Internal  dis- 
eases— m.  Mela,ncliolici,  see  Mercurial — m.  Mer- 
curiaies,  see  Mercurial  —  m.  Nervosi,  Nervous 
diseases  —  m.  Occulti,  see  Latent  —  m.  Olfactiis, 
OsmcDosi  —  m.  Perjilexi,  see  Complication  —  m. 


Pseudalei,  Feigned  diseases  —  m.  Recidiva,  Re- 
lapse— m.  Reeursus,  Palindromia — m.  Sexuales, 
see  Sexual — m.  Sexus,  Genonusi — m.  Simulati, 
Feigned  diseases  —  m.  Sparsi,  Sporadic  diseases 
— m.  Spasmotici,  see  Spasmoticus — m.  Subacute, 
see  Acute  —  m.  Tactus,  Haphonosi — m.  Tropici, 
Troponusi. 

MO'KBID,  Mor'hidus,  Morho'sua,  Pathic,  Path', 
ical,  Path'icus,  (F.)  llorbeitx,  Morhide  j  from  mor' 
bus,  '  a  disease.'     Diseased,  or  relating  to  disease. 

Morbid  Anatomy,  see  Anatomy. 

MORBIF'IC,  Morbif'icns,  (F".)  3/orb;fqtie; 
from  morbus,  'a  disease,'  and /acere,  *to  make.' 
Causing  or  producing  disease  —  as  morbific  ema- 
nations. 

MORBILITY,  Disease. 

3WRBILLEUX,  Morbillous. 

MORBILLI,  Rubeola  —  m.  Confluentes,  Scar- 
latina—  m.  Ignei,  Scarlatina. 

MORBILLOSUS,  Morbillous. 

MORBILLOUS,  Morbillo'sus,  Meashj,  (F.) 
Morbilleux.     Afi'ected  or  connected  with  measles. 

MORBOSUS,  Sickly. 

MOPtBUS,  Disease,  see  Morbi  —  m.  Ampul- 
laceus,  Pemphigus  —  m.  Anglicus,  Rachitis  —  m. 
Aphrodisius,     Syphilis  —  m.    Arcuatus,     Icterus 

—  m.  Arietis,  Influenza  —  m.  Arqnatus,  Icterus 

—  m.  Articularis,   Gout  —  m.  Astralis,  Epilepsy 

—  m.  Attonitus,  Apoplexy  —  m.  a.  Celsi,  Cata- 
lepsy—  m.  Brightii,  Kidney,  Brigbt's  disease  of 
the  —  m.  Bullosus,  Pemphigus  —  m.  Caducus, 
Epilepsy — m.  Cseruleus,  Cyanopathy — m.  Cal- 
culi, Lithia — m.  Cardiacus,  Cardialgia — m.  Ca- 
tarrhalis.  Influenza — m.  Catoxys,  see  Catoxys  — 
m.  Cerealis,  Ergotism  —  m.  Cerebralis  Whyttii, 
Hydrocephalus   Internus  —  m.  Cirrhorum,  Plica 

—  m.  CoBliacus,  Coeliac  flux  —  m.  Comitialis,  Epi- 
lepsj' — m.  Costalis,  Pleuritis — m.  Coxarius,  Cox- 
arum  morbus  —  m.  Croatus,  Scherlievo  —  m.  Cu- 
cullaris.  Pertussis  —  m.  Cucullis,  Pertussis  —  m. 
Cystophlegmatieus,  Cystirrhoea — m.  Dsemoniacus, 
Epilepsy — m.  Daemonius,  Epilepsy — m.  Deificus, 
Epilepsy — m.  Dissolutus,  Dysentery — m.  Divinus, 
Epilepsy — m.  Dominorum,  Gout — m.  Endemius, 
Endemic — m.  Epidemicus,  Epidemy — m.  Epide- 
micus  gutturis  Foresti,  Scarlatina — m.  Erudito- 
rum,  Hj'pochondriasis — m.  Extrinsecus,  External 
disease — m.  Farciminosus,  see  Equinia — m.  Fe- 
brilis,  Pyreticosis — m.  Fellifluus,  Cholera — m. 
Flatuosus,  Hypochondriasis  —  m.  Fluminiensis, 
Scherlievo  —  m.  Foedus,  Epilepsy — m.  Frigidus, 
Atrophy — m.  Gallicus,  Syphilis  —  m.  Gesticula- 
torius.  Chorea — m.  Gravis,  see  Serious — m.  Hte- 
morrhoidalis,  Ha^morrhois  —  m.  Heracleus,  Epi- 
lepsy—  m.  Herculeus,  Epilepsy — m.  Hispanicus, 
Sj'philis  —  m.  Hydrophobicus,  Hydrophobia — m. 
Hypochondriacus,  Hypochondriasis  —  m.  Hyste- 
ricus, Hysteria  —  m.  Idiopathicus,  Idiopathia  — 
m.  Indicus,  Syphilis  —  m.  Interlunius,  Epilepsy 
— m.  Ischiadicus,  Neuralgia  femoro-poplita^a — m. 
Italieus,  Syphilis- — tn.  Jecinoris,  Hepatitis  —  m. 
Lateralis,  Pleuritis — m.  Lazari,  Elephantiasis  — 
m.  Lunaticus,  Epilepsy  —  m.  Luteolus,  Icterus — 
m.  Maculosus  hremorrhagicus  Werlhofii,  Purpura 
ha;morrhagica — m.  Magnus,  Epilepsy— -m.  Major, 
Epilepsy — m.  Mensalis,  Epilepsy  —  m.  Mercuri- 
alis,  Eczema  mereuriale,  Ilydrargyriasis  —  m. 
Metallicus,  Colic,  metallic  —  m.  Mucosus,  Fever, 
adeno-meningeal  —  m.  Nauticus,  Nausea  marina 

—  m.  Neapolitanus,  Syphilis — m.  Niger,  Mela:na 
— m.  Originalis,  Idiopathia — m.  Oesophagi,  (Eso- 
pha-gopathia — m.  Oryzeus,  Cholera — m.  Pallidus, 
Chlorosis — m.  Panccenus,  Pandemic — m.  Parthe- 
nius.  Chlorosis  —  ni.  Pandemius,  Pandemic  —  m. 
Pedicularis,  Phtheiriasis  —  m.  Peracutus,  see  Ca- 
toxys— m.  Phoeniceus,  Elephantiasis — m.  Pilaris, 
Trichiasis  —  m.  Pleuriticus,  Pleuritis  —  m.  Plum- 
beus,  Lead-poisoning — m.  Porciuus,  Essera  —  m. 


MORCEAU 


571 


MORPHINA 


Pojtularis,  Epilepsy — m.  Primavius,  iriiopatliia — 
m.  Proprius,  Idiopathia — m.  Protopathieus,  Idio- 
pathia  —  m.  Proteiformis,  see  Proteiformis  —  m. 
Psoadieus,  Lumbar  abscess  —  m.  Publicus,  Epi- 
demy  —  m.  Puerilis,  Epilepsy  —  m.  Pulicularis, 
Typhus  gravior — m.  Pustulosus  Finnicus,  see 
Anthrax — m.  Recidivus,  Relapse — m.  Recidivus, 
Palindromia — m.  Regionalis,  Endemic  —  m.  Re- 
gius, Icterus — m.  Resiccatorius,  Hypochondriasis 
• — m.  Ructuosus,  Hypochondriasis  —  m.  Ructuo- 
sus,  see  Eructation — m.  Sacer,  Epilepsy — m.  Sal- 
tatorius,  Chorea — m.  Sancti  Joannis,  Epilepsy — 
in.  Sancti  Valentini,  Epilepsy — m.  Scarlatinosus, 
Scarlatina — m.  Scelestus,  Epilepsy — m.  Scrophu- 
losus,  Scrofula  —  m.  Secundarius,  Deuteropathia 

—  m.  Seleniacus,  Epilepsy — m.  Sideratus,  Epi- 
lepsy—  m.  Silesiaeus,  Raphania  —  m.  Simplex, 
Haplopathia — m.  Solstitialis,  Goup-de-Soleil — m. 
Sonticus,  Epilepsy — m.  Spasmodicus  malignus 
sen  popularis,  Raphania  —  m.  Strangulatorius, 
Cynanche  trachealis — m.  Sudatorius,  Sudor  An- 
glicus  —  m.  Truculentus  infantum,  Cynanche 
trachealis  —  m.  Tuberculosus,  see  Tubercle  and 
Tubercular  cachexia  —  m.  Ungarieus,  Fever, 
Hungaric  —  m.  Verminosus,  Helminthiasis  —  m.. 
Vernaculus,  Endemic — m.  Vervecinus,  Influenza 

—  m.  Vesicularis,  Pemphigus  —  m.  Virgineus, 
Chlorosis  —  m.  Viridellus,  Epilepsy  —  m.  Vitrio- 
latus.  Epilepsy — m.  Vocis,  Phononosus  —  m. 
Vulpis,  Alopecia. 

31  OBOE AU  DU  BIABLE,  see  Tuba  Fallo- 
piana — m.  Frange,  see  Tuba  Fallopiana. 

MOR'DICANT,  Mor'dicans,  Calor  mov'dicans. 
A  morbid  heat,  causing  a  disagreeable  pungent 
sensation  in  the  fingers  of  the  physician. 

MORDICES,  Teeth  :  see  Tooth. 

MOREA,  Morus  nigra. 

MORELLE,  Boletus  eseulentus  —  m.  a,  Fruit 
noir,  Solanum  —  /».  Funeuse,  Atropa  belladonna 
— m.  en  Gra]y2^es,  Phytolacca  decandra — m.  Grim- 
pante,  Solanum  dulcamara. 

MORETARIUM,  Mortar. 

MORE'TUS,  3Iore'tum,  from  morum,  'the  mul- 
berry.' Ancient  name  of  a  cordial  julep,  into  the 
composition  of  which  the  syrup  of  mulberries 
entered. — Schroder. 

MORGAGN'I,  HUMOUR  OF,  Humor  Nor- 
gagnia'nus.  A  peculiar,  transparent,  slightly 
viscid  fluid,  found  between  the  crystalline  and 
its  capsule. 

3I0RGELINE,  Alsine  media. 

MORGUE,  (F).  A  dead-house,  wherein  per- 
sons, found  dead,  are  exposed  with  the  view  of 
being  recognized  by  their  friends. 

MORIA,  Idiotism — m.  Demens,  Idiotism,  De- 
mentia— m.  Demens  lerema,  see  Dementia — m. 
Imbecilis  amnesia.  Amnesia. 

MORIBUND,  Psychorages. 

MORINGA  NUX  BEN,  Guilandina  moringa^ 
m.  Oleifera,  Guilandina  moringa  —  m.  Pterygo- 
sperma,  Guilandina  moringa — m.  Zeylanica,  Gui- 
landina moringa. 

MORION,  Genital  organ.  Penis. 

MORIOPLAS'TICE,  Chirur'gia  curto'rum,  Ch. 
Anaplas'tica,  Restitu'tio  organ'ica  seu  par'tium 
deperdita' rum,  Transplanta'tio,Auto2)las'tice,  Atia- 
jjlas'tic  Surgery,  Autoplan'ty  or  Autoplastic  or 
Plastic  Surgery,  Chirur'gia  plas'tica,  from  fiooiov, 
*  a  part,'  and  TrXaort/coj,  '  forming.'  The  restora- 
tion of  lost  parts.  The  operations  for  this  pur- 
pose have  various  names,  according  to  the  part 
concerned,  as  Cheiloplastice,  Ceratoplastiee,  RM- 
noplaatice,  &c. 

MORO,  from  morum,  'a  mulberry:' — 3Ior%iw, 
(F.)  3Iure.  A  small  abscess  resembling  a  mul- 
berry. A  small  tumour,  of  a  similar  appearance, 
particularly  on  the  genital  organs  after  impure 
coition. 


MOROCH'THUS,  3Toroch'ius,  3forochi'te8,  SFp- 
rochi'tes,  3Ieroc'tea,  Galax' ia,  Levcograph'ia,  (F.) 
Pierre  au  lait,  3Iilk  stone.  An  Egyptian  stone, 
used  by  the  ancients  as  an  application  to  the  in- 
tertrigo of  children  :  probably  a  variety  of  fuller's 
earth,  inasmuch  as  it  appears  to  have  been  used 
by  fullers. 

MOROCHITES,  Morochthus. 

MOROCHTUS,  Morochthus. 

MOROCOMIUM,  Morotrophium. 

MORODOCHIUM,  Morotrophium. 

MOROSIS,  Fatuitas,  Idiotism. 

MOROSITA'TES,  from  ju^pia,  '  folly.'  A  ge- 
neric name  given  by  Linnasus  to  an  order  of 
Vesaniee,  in  which  he  included  pica,  bulimia, 
polydipsia,  antipathia,  nostalgiai,  panophobia,  sa- 
tyriasis, nymphomania,  tarentismus,  and  hydro- 
phobia. 

MOROTROPH'IUM,  3Torocomi'um,  3Iorodo- 
chi'um,  trom  liwpog,  'fatuous,'  and  t^o^j?,  'support.' 
An  insane  establishment/  a  lunatic  asylum;  a 
mad-house.  Under  proper  management,  a  valu- 
able institution  ;  but  liable  to  various  abuses. 

MORPHEA,  Morphew  — m.  Alba,  Lepra  al- 
phoides — m.  Nigra,  Lepra  nigricans. 

3I0RPHEE,  Morphew. 

MORPHEW,  3Tor]}hcB'a,  (F.)  3Iorphee.  A  term 
vaguely  applied  to  scurfy  eruptions  on  the  face. 
3Iorp>hcBa  was  formerly  applied  to  squamous  dis- 
eases in  general. 

MORPHIA,  Morphina— m.  Acetate  of,  Mor- 
phinoe  acetas — m.  and  Zinc,  double  iodide  of, 
Zinc  and  Morphia,  double  iodide  of — m.  Citrate 
of,  see  Morphina — m.  Muriate  of,  see  Morphina 
— m.  Sulphate  of,  Morphinse  sulphas. 

MORPHIA  ACETAS,  Morphinse  acetas— m. 
Sulphas,  Morphinffi  sulphas. 

MOR'PHICA,  from  nopipv,  'shape.'  Monstro- 
sities of  birth.  The  3d  order^  class  Typhica  of 
Good. 

MORPHI'NA,  3ror'phia,  3for'2)Mum,  3Ior. 
phi'ne,  3Iorphine,  from  3[o}pheus,  the  'god  of 
sleep.'  A  solid,  colourless  alkali ;  crystallizable 
in  beautiful  j^yramids,  truncated  and  transpa- 
rent; soluble  in  alcohol,  and  slightly  so  in  boil- 
ing water.  It  exists,  combined  with  meeonie 
acid,  in  opium.  It  may  be  obtained  by  decom- 
posing, by  means  of  ammonia  or  calcined  mag- 
nesia, an  aqueous  solution  of  ojiium  made  in  the 
cold. 

The  following  is  the  process  of  the  Pharm. 
U.  S.  Opium,  sliced,  Ibj ;  distilled  water,  alcohol, 
animal  charcoal,  each  a  sufiicient  quantity;  solu- 
tion of  ammonia,  f5vj.  Macerate  the  opium 
with  four  pints  of  distilled  water  for  24  hours, 
and  having  worked  it  with  the  hand,  digest  for 
24  hours,  and  strain.  Macerate  the  residue  twice 
successively  with  distilled  water,  and  strain.  Mix 
the  infusions;  evaporate  to  six  pints,  and  filter; 
then  add  first  five  pints  of  alcohol,  and  afterwards 
three  fluidounees  of  the  solution  of  ammonia, 
previously  mixed  with  half-a-pint  of  alcohol. 
After  24  hours,  pour  in  the  remainder  of  the 
solution  of  ammonia,  mixed  as  before  with  half- 
a-pint  of  alcohol ;  and  set  the  liquor  aside  for  24 
hours,  that  crystals  may  form.  To  purify  these, 
boil  them  with  two  pints  of  alcohol  till  they  aro 
dissolved ;  filter  the  solution,  while  hot,  through 
animal  charcoal,  and  set  it  aside  to  crystallize. 

Morphia  dissolves  perfectly  in  the  acids,  which 
it  saturates;  and  with  which  it  forms  very  crys- 
tallizable salts,  with  the  exception  of  the  acetate. 
All  these  salts  have  a  bitter  taste,  and  act  upon 
the  animal  economy  in  the  same  manner  aa 
opium,  but  more  powerfully.  The  acetate  is  the 
salt  commonly  employed  in  medicine.  It  was,  at 
one  time,  supposed  that  Morphia  is  the  purely 


MORPHIUM 


572 


MORTALITY 


Eedative  part  of  opium,  divested  of  its  irritating  ' 
properties ;    but   experience   has   not   confirmed 
this.     On  the  contrary,  it  ivill  generally  disagree 
where  opium  does.     Dose  of  morphia,  J  to  f  of  a 
grain. 

Morphi'NjE  Ace'tas,  Mor'phim  Aeetas,  Ac"- 
ctate  of  MorpJilne,  Acetate  of  Morphia.  A  salt 
formed  by  saturating  morphia  with  acetic  acid. 
(Morjjhia,  in  powder,  freed  from  narcotina  by 
boiling  with  sulphuric  ether,  ^j  ;  distilled  water, 
Oss ;  acetic  acid,  a  sufficient  quantity.  Mix  the 
morphia  with  the  water ;  then  carefully  drop  in 
the  acid,  constantly  stirring  until  the  morphia  is 
saturated  and  dissolved.  Evaporate  the  solution 
in  a  water-bath  to  the  consistence  of  syrup. 
Lastly,  dry  the  acetate  with  a  gentle  heat  and 
rub  it  into  powder. — Ph.  U.  S.)  Dose,  from  ^ 
of  a  grain  to  a  grain. 

Morphi'NjB  Sulphas,  Mor'phi.e  Sulphas, 
Snlphate  of  MorjMa.  A  salt,  formed  by  satu- 
rating morphia  with  sulphuric  acid,  evaporating, 
and  crystallizing.  Dose,  the  same  as  of  the 
acetate. 

Ifiiriate  and  Citrate  of  Morphia  have  likewise 
been  used ;  but  they  possess  no  advantages  over 
the  other  salts.  The  sulphate  and  muriate  are 
officinal  in  the  Ph.  U.  S. 

MORPHIUM,  Morphina. 

MORPHOLOG"IGAL,  3Iorpholog"icm,  from 
fiop(pn,  'shape,'  and  Aoyoj, 'a  description.'  That 
which  has  relation  to  the  anatomical  conforma- 
tion of  parts.  Applied,  at  times,  to  the  altera- 
tions in  the/o)-;)i  of  the  several  parts  of  the  em- 
bryo, in  contradistinction  to  histological,  which 
is  applied  to  the  transformation  by  which  the 
tissues  are  gradually  generated.  In  comparative 
anatomy,  it  is  applied  to  the  history  of  the  mo- 
difications of  forms,  which  the  same  organ  under- 
goes in  different  animals. 

MOPlPHOLOGY,  Anatomy. 

MORPHOLY'SIS,  from  iiop,pv,  'shape,'  and 
Xutris,  'solution.'  Destruction  of  organization. 
An  agent,  that  occasions  such  destruction,  is 
called  a  mnrpholi/t'ic. 

MORPHOLYTIC,  see  Morpholysis. 

MORPHON'OMY,  Morphonom'ia:  from  /iopiprj, 
'shape,'  and  vojiog,  'a  law.'  The  laws  of  organic 
formation.  The  department  of  anatomical  science 
which  teaches  the  laws  of  organic  configuration. 

MORPHOTOMY,  see  Anatomy. 

MORPIO,  see  Pediculus. 

MORPION,  Crab-louse,  see  Pediculus. 

MOPvS,  Death — m.  Apparens,  Asphyxia — m. 
Putativa,  Aphyxia  —  m.  Repentina,  Demotivus 
lapsus  —  m,  du  Diable,  Scabiosa  succisa. 

MORSELLUS,  Tabella. 

MORSULI  ANTIMONIALES,  Tabellse  anti- 
moniales  Kunckelii  —  m.  Stibii,  Tabellse  antimo- 
niales  Kunckelii. 

MORSULUS,  Tabella. 

MORSUIiE,  Degmos. 

MORSUS,  Degmos — m.  Diaboli,  Scabiosa  suc- 
cisa, see  Tuba  Fallopiana  —  m.  Gallinae,  Alsine 
media — m.  Stomachi,  Cardialgia — m.  Ventriculi, 
Cardialgia. 

MORT,  Death — ni.  Apparente,  Asphyxia — m. 
du  Chien,  Cholera  —  m.  aux  Chiens,  Colchicum 
autuninale^-'OT.  aux  Panth^res,  Doronicum  parda- 
lianches. 

MORT  A,  Pemphigus. 

MORT AJj,  3forta' lis,  from  mors, mortis,  'death.' 
Ij'-th"'lis,  Leta'lis,  Thanato'des,  Thanas'im}is,{F.) 
Mortel.  That  which  is  subject  to  death;  —  that 
which  causes  death  :  —  as,  vian  is  mortal;  a  dis- 
ease 18  mortal.  Of  old,  it  was  the  custom  to  have 
a  division  of  mortal  wounds,  which  gave  rise  to 
many  errors  in  medico-legal  investigations,  as  the 
tuortality  of  wounds  depends  upon  various  cir- 


cumstances; and  it  is  often  a  matter  of  extreme 
difficulty  to  pronounce  whether  or  not  a  wound  is 
necessarily  mortal. 

MORTAL'ITY,  3fortal'ttas,  Lethal'itas,  LetaV- 
itas,  (F.)  Mortalite.  This  word,  taken  in  an  extend- 
ed sense,  expresses  the  condition  of  all  organized 
bodies, — of  being  subject  to  the  cessation  of  life. 
In  the  sense  in  which  it  is  most  frequently  em- 
ployed, it  signifies, — the  proportional  quantity  of 
individuals  who,  in  a  certain  population,  die  in  a 
given  time.  If  we  assume  the  population  of  thg 
earth  to  be  one  thousand  millions,  and  a  genera- 
tion to  last  thirty-three  years ;  in  that  space  of 
time  the  one  thousand  millions  must  all  die, 
and,  consequently,  the  number  of  deaths  will  be, 
by  approximation, 

Each  year 30,000,000 

Each  day 82,109 

Each  hour  3,421 

Each  minute 57 

Ea(?h  second 1  nearly. 

If,  on  the  other  hand,  as  has  been  supposed, 
the  number  of  deaths  is  to  that  of  the  births  as 
TEX  to  TWELVE  :  there  will  be  born. 

Each  year 36,000,000 

Each  day 98,356 

Each  hour  4,098 

Each  minute 68 

Each  second 1  k  2-15ths. 

It  has  been  estimated  that  the  average  mor- 
tality of  the  Pays  du  Vaud,  is  1  in  49;  of  Swe.- 
den  and  Holland,  1  in  48  ;  of  Russia,  1  in  41 ;  of 
France,  1  in  40 ;  of  Austria,  1  in  38 ;  of  Prussia 
and  Naples,  1  in  33  to  35 ;  of  England,  1  in  45 ; 
and  of  South  America,  1  in  30.  The  same  rate 
of  mortality  has  been  given  to  the  United  States 
as  to  France;  but  the  statistical  details  on  all 
this  matter  have  been  inadequate,  and — it  is  not 
improbable — inaccurate.  The  following  has  been 
given  as  the  annual  mortality  of  some  of  the 
chief  cities  of  this  country  and  Europe  :  (See  the 
author's  Human  Health,  p.  101 :  Philadelphia, 
1844.)  Philadelphia,  1  in  45.68;  Glasgow,  1  in 
44;  Manchester,  1  in  44;  Geneva,  1  in  43;  Bos- 
ton, 1  in  41.26  ;  Baltimore,  1  in  41 ;  London,  1  in 
40  ;  New  York,  1  in  37.83  ;  St.  Petersburgh,  1  in 
37;  Charleston,  1  in  36.50;  Leghorn,  1  in  35; 
Berlin,  1  in  34;  Paris,  Lyons,  Strasburg,  and 
Barcelona,  1  in  32 ;  Nice  and  Palermo,  1  in  31 ; 
Madrid,  1  in  29 ;  Naples,  1  in  28 ;  Brussels,  1  in 
26;  Rome,  1  in  25;  Amsterdam,  1  in  24;  and 
Vienna,  1  in  22J. 

In  the  cities,  the  mortality  under  two  years  of 
age  bears  a  large  ratio.  This  is  exhibited  by  the 
following  table  : 

Ages.  London.    Philad.  Baltimore. 

Under     1     year,  "I    „„  „       22.7  24.11 

From      1  to      2,  J    "^^'^^        8.6  8.55 

2  to      6,        9.97        7.3  ll.lS 

5  to    10,        4.33        4.  5. 

10  to    20,        4.03         5.  e.-T 

20  to    30,         6.64       12.  9.87 

30  to    40,         8.08       12.  10.68 

40  to    50,         8.89       10.  8.88 

50  to    60,         8.89         7.2  5.78 

60  to    70,         9.15         5.  4.0 

70  to    80,        7.83        3.5  3. 

SO  to    90,         3.18         1.9  1.67 

90  to  100,         0.40         0.5  0.26 

100  to  110,       0.09    ■)  f)  ,„ 

110  to  120, 0.013  J  "-^^ 

It  would  not  be  proper  to  regard  the  value  of 
life  in  different  countries,  or  in  different  periods 
in  the  same  country,  to  be  indicated  by  the  ave- 
rage mortality;  inasmuch  as  in  one  case  a  greater 


MORTAR 


573 


MOTORT 


mortality  may  occur  amongst  cliildren,  and  m 
another  amongst  adults. 

Mortality,  Bills  of,  Bills  of  Necrol'ogy, 
Mor'tuary  Reg"ister8,  (F.)  Tahhs  de  3fortalite. 
Tables,  instituted  for  the  purpose  of  exhibiting 
the  number  of  deaths,  &c.  in  a  given  time.  Well- 
kept  bills  of  mortality  are  of  great  use  to  the  phy- 
sician and  political  economist.  Those  of  London 
were  proverbial  for  their  inaccuracy  and  in- 
sufficiency; especially  as  regards  the  complaints 
of  which  the  persons  have  died.  They  were  for- 
merly made  out  by  the  parish  clerks,  and  the  in- 
formai.'on  was  conveyed  to  them  by  two  old  wo- 
men, who  were  appointed  in  each  parish,  and 
■were  called  Searchers  ;  —  their  duty  being  to  see 
that  the  deceased  had  died  a  natural  death.  This 
miserable  system  has,  however,  been  abolished; 
and  the  Regintrar-General's  annual  reports  of 
births,  deaths,  and  marriages,  exhibit  how  admi- 
rably vital  statistics  are  now  conducted  in  Great 
Britain. 

MORTAR,  Morta'rium,  Iloreta'rium,  3forto'- 
rium,  Piso,  Ac'one,  Pila,  Hobnos,  Igde,  Igdus, 
(F.)  Mortier.  A  vessel  for  reducing  to  powder 
diflFerent  solid  substances,  and  for  making  certain 
mixtures.  Various  substances  are  employed  in 
the  construction  of  mortars ; — iron,  marble,  glass, 
wedgewood  ware,  .tc. 

MORTARIOLUM,  Alveolus.  , 

3!  OR  TEL,  Mortal. 

310  R  TIER,  Mortar. 

MORTIFER,  Lethiferous. 

MORTIFICATIO,  Mortification  — m.  Pulmo- 
num,  Necropneumonia. 

MORTIFICA'TION,  3Ioriifica'tio,  Necro'sis, 
Sphacela'tion,  from  mors,  'death,'  and  fio,  '1  be- 
come.' The  loss  of  vitality  in  a  part  of  the  body. 
The  incipient  stage  of  mortification,  when  the 
case  is  still  recoverable,  is  called  Gangrene ;  when 
totally  destroyed.  Sphacelus.  Mortification  of  a 
bone  is  called  Necrosis. 

Mortification,  Cold,  Sphacelus — m.  Ergot, 
Ergotism  —  m.  Hot,  Gangrene  —  m.  Mildew,  Er- 
gotism. 

MORTOOTH,  Cupri  sulphas. 

MORTUARY  REGISTERS,  Mortality,  bills  of. 

MORUM,  see  Morus  nigra  —  m.  Palpebrse  in- 
ternse.  Trachoma  carunculosum. 

MORUS  NIGRA,  If.  lacinia'ta,  IM'bernj 
Tree,  3Iore'a,  Sycami'nos,  ['E .)  31{lrier  Noir.  The 
fruit  of  the  mulberry  tree,  3Iorum,  Sycami'num, 
(F.)  3Mre,  is  pleasant,  sweet,  subacid,  and 
abounds  with  a  deep  violet-coloured  juice.  A 
syrup  is  directed  in  the  London  Pharmacopoeia. 
The  bark  of  the  root  has  been  regarded  as  an 
anthelmintic. 

MORUS  RUBRA,  Red  3Mherry,  Wild  3M- 
lerry ;  indigenous.  The  root  has  been  used  to 
destroy  taenia. 

MOR  YE,  Mucus,  Nasal  mucus ;  see  Equinia — 
in.  Farcitieuse,  see  Equinia. 

MOS,  Habit. 

Mos  MoRBi  Benig'nus,  seu  Malig'nus.  The 
benign,  or  malignant  character  of  a  disease. 

MOSCHARDI'NA,  Ihiscer'da,  from  ixoaxo;, 
*  musk.'  A  lozenge  for  the  mouth,  composed  of 
musk,  ambergris,  and  other  aromatics. 

MOSCHEL^'ON,  Iloscolm'a.  A  compound 
aromatic  oil,  containing  musk. 

MOSCHUS,  Musk — m.  Arabum,  Hibiscus  abel- 
moschus — m.  Factitioiis,  Musk,  artificial. 

MOSCOL^A.  Moschelffion. 

MOSLICII.  Maslaeh. 

MOSQUITA,  see  Mosquito. 

MOSQUI'TO  (S.)  Diminutive  of  (S.)  mosca,  'a 
fly.'  3Iusq'ir!to.  A  very  troublesome  insect  in 
■warm,  moist  situations.  Curtains,  called  3/osquito 
curtains,  are  used  in  India,  by  way  of  protection. 


The  entrance  of  mosquitos  into  the  bedchamber 
may  also  be  prevented,  to  a  certain  extent,  b^y 
keeping  the  doors  and  windows  closed  until  the 
lights  are  extinguished.  The  pain  and  itching 
from  the  bites  are  alleviated  by  washing  them 
with  hartshorn. 

MosQuiTA  is  a  name  given,  by  the  Portuguese, 
to  small,  red  pimples  on  the  skin,  resembling  the 
bites  of  the  musquito. 

MOSS  BERRY,  Vaccinium  oxycoccos  —  m. 
Ceylon,  Fucus  amylaceus — m.  Club,  Lycopodium 
— m.  Cup,  Lichen  pyxidatus — m.  Iceland,  Lichen 
Islandieus — m.  Irish,  Fucus  crispus — m.  Marine, 
Fucus  amylaceus. 

MOTA,  Fagus  castanea. 

MOTAMEN,  Motion. 

MOTATIO,  Motion. 

MOTE.  Carbasus,  Linteum, 

3I0TEUR,  Motory. 

MOTHER'S  MARKS,  Nsevus— m.  Spots, 
Nsevus. 

MOTHERWORT,  Leonurus  cardiaca,  Matri- 
caria. 

MOTIL'ITY,  3Iotil'itas,  from  motus,  'move- 
ment.' (F.)  3Iotilite,  3IotricitL  Faculty  of  mov- 
ing ;  moving  power ;  contractility. 

MOTION,  Motus,  3Io'tio,  3Iota'tio,  Moia'men, 
Commo'tio,  Permo'tio,  Cine'sis,  3Iovement,  (F.) 
Jlouvemenf.  The  act  of  changing  place.  The 
various  motions  may  be  divided  into, — First,  the 
voluntary  or  those  that  are  executed  under  the 
influeuee  of  the  brain.  Secondly,  the  involuntary, 
which  may  be  subdivided  into,  1,  The  excited,  of 
the  reflex  function  of  Dr.  Marshall  Hall  and 
others, — as  the  closure  of  the  larynx  on  the  con- 
tact of  acrid  vapours,  of  the  pharynx  on  that  of 
the  food, — a  function  of  the  spinal  marrow ;  and 
2.  Those  that  are  executed  under  the  organic  and 
other  nerves  of  involuntary  function.  It  is  pro- 
bable, too,  that  every  living  tissue  is  capable  of 
moving  responsive  to  its  appropriate  irritant.  See 
Irritability. 

Motion,  Ciliary,  see  Cilia  —  m.  Involuntary, 
see  Automatic  —  m.  Vibratory,  see  Ciliary  —  m. 
Voluntary,  Autoeinesis. 

MOTIVE,  Motory. 

MOTOR,  Motory. 

Motor  Oculi  Exter'nus,  Nervvs  tim'idus, 
(F.)  Nerf  oculo-mxisculaire  externe  (Ch.),  Nerf 
moteur  ocidaire  externe,  Sixth  pair  of  nerves, 
arises  from  the  furrow  which  separates  the  pons- 
Varolii  from  the  medulla  oblongata.  It  enters 
the  cavernous  sinus;  anastomoses  on  the  outside 
of  the  carotid  artery  with  two  filaments  furnished 
by  the  superior  cervical  ganglion ;  enters  the  or- 
bit by  the  sphenoidal  fissure,  and  is  lost  on  the 
rectus  esternus  oculi.  This  pair  is,  also,  called 
Ahducentes. 

Moto'res  Oculo'rtjm,  3Tofo'rii  Ocvlorum,  Octi- 
la'rcs  commu'nes,  Ophthal'mici  exter'ni.  Common 
Oeulo-muscular  Nerves,  (F.)  Nerf  a  moteurs  ocu- 
laires  communs,  (Ch.,)  The  third  pair  of  nerven. 
This  nerve  arises  from  a  depression  at  the  inner 
side  of  the  peduncles  of  the  brain,  between  the 
tuber  annulare  and  corporamammillaria.  Itenters 
the  outer  part  of  the  cavernous  sinus,  and  passes 
into  the  orbitar  cavity.  Behind  the  sphenoidal 
fissure,  it  divides  into  two  branches ;  the  one  su- 
perior, and  the  other  inferior.  The  former  is 
lost  on  the  rectus  superior  oculi  and  the  levator 
palpebrse  superioris  ;  the  latter — the  larger  of  the 
two — divides  into  three  branches,  which  pass  to 
the  rectus  internus,  rectus  inferior,  and  lesser 
oblique.  The  last  furnishes  a  filament,  which, 
passes  to  the  ophthalmic  ganglion. 

MOTORIAL,  Motory. 

MO'TORY,  31'otive,  Motor,  3foto'rial,  3fotrix, 
Kinet'ic  or  Cinet'ic,   (F.)  3Ioteur.     That  ■which 


MOTOS 


574 


MUCILAGO 


moves  or  causes  movement,  as  motor  nerves,  in 
contradistinction  to  sensory. 

MOTOS,  Linteum,  Tent. 

MOTO'SIS,  fioros, '  charpie.'  The  application 
cf  charpie  to  a  wound. 

M0TRICIT£,  Motility. 

MOTRIX,  Motory. 

MOTTE,  Mons  veneris. 

MOTUM,  Carbasus,  Linteum. 

MOTUS,  Motion  —  m.  Assimilationis,  Plastic 
force — m.  Automaticus,  see  Automatic — m.  Com- 
pressorius,  Peristole — m.  Cordis  diastalticus,  Dia- 
stole— m.  Hfemorrhoidalis,  Hsemorrhois — m.  In- 
lestinorum,  Borborygmus — m.  Involuntarius,  see 
Autocinesis — m.  Peristalticus,  Peristole — m.  Tes- 
tudineus,  Peristole — m.  Vermicularis,  Peristole — 
m.  Voluntarius,  Autocinesis. 

MO  UOHE,  Cantharis — m.  d'Espagne,  Can- 
tharis. 

ilOUCHER  L' ACTION  BE,  Munctio. 

MOUCHES,  see  Pains,  labour — m.  Volantea, 
see  Metamorphopsia. 

MOUGHETURE.  see  Scarification. 

MOVGHOIR  EN  TRIANGLE,  Couvrechef, 
see  Bandeau. 

MOUFETTE,  see  Mephitism. 

MOULD,  Fontanella. 

MOULE,  Mvtilus  edulis. 

MOULEUR,  Muller. 

MOULTING,  Desquamation. 

MOUREILLER,  Malpighia  mourella. 

MOVE  ON  DES  OISEAUX,  Alsine  media- 
nt. Rouge,  Anagallis. 

MOUSE-EAR,  Alsine  media,  Hieracium  pilo- 
sella. 

MOUSE-SIGHT,  Myopia. 

MOUSSE  BE  GORSE,  Corallina  Corsicana 
— m.  d' Island,  Fucus  crispus  —  m,  Perlee,  Fucus 
crispus. 

MOUSSERON,  see  Agaric 

MOUSSEUX,  Frotby. 

MOUSTAGHE,  Mystax. 

3! OUT  BE  LA  BIERE,  Wort. 

MOUTARBE,  Sinapis. 

MOUTH,  Sax.  muS,  Os,  Cavum  Oris,  Stoma, 
(F.)  Bouche.  This  word  sometimes  signifies  the 
cavity  situate  between  the  jaws,  and  containing 
the  tongvie,  &c. ; — at  others,  the  outer  orifice  of 
that  cavity.  The  mouth,  in  the  first  acceptation, 
Cav'itas  seu  Spa'tium  Oris,  is  the  cavity;  bound- 
ed, above,  by  the  palatine  arch  ;  lelow,  by  the 
tongue;  before,  by  the  lips;  and  behind,  by  the 
velum  palati  and  pharynx.  The  sides  of  the 
mouth  and  the  organs  it  contains  are  lined  by  a 
mucous  membrane.  The  anterior  aperture  of  the 
mouth  is,  sometimes,  called /ac/a^ — the  posterior, 
pharyngeal.  In  the  mouth  are  the  teeth,  gums, 
alveolar  margins,  tongue;  the  excretory  ducts  of 
the  salivary  glands,  and  those  of  a  number  of 
mucous  follicles,  &c.  It  is  in  this  cavity  that  the 
food  is  cut,  torn,  or  bruised  by  the  teeth ;  is  im- 
pregnated with  saliva,  and  formed  into  a  mass  or 
holus,  which  is  then  subjected  to  the  act  of  deglui 
tition.  The  mouth  contains  the  organs  of  taste; 
and  it  serves  in  respiration,  articulation,  expec- 
toration, suction,  (fee. 

The  condition  of  the  mouth  requires  to  be  at- 
tended to  in  Senieiology.  The  state  of  the  mucous 
membrane,  like  that  of  the  tongue,  indicates  the 
condition  of  the  membrane  of  the  alimentary  ca- 
nal generally. 

Mouth,  Os,  Apertura,  Orific"ium,  Hia'tns, 
Peristo'mium,  is,  also,  applied  to  the  open  extre- 
mities of  vessels  or  other  canals. 

Mouth  Root,  Coptis  —  m.  Sore,  Aphthae  —  m. 
Watering,  see  Salivation. 
MOUVEMENT,  Motion. 


MOVEMENT,  Motion. 

MOXA,  Moxibu'rium.  A  word  by  which  the 
Chinese  and  Japenese  designate  a  cottony  sub- 
stance, which  they  prepared  by  beating  the  dried 
leaves  of  the  Artemisia  moxa,  —  a  kind  of  mug- 
wort.  "With  this  down  they  form  a  cone,  which 
is  placed  upon  the  part  intended  to  be  cauterized, 
and  is  set  fire  to  at  the  top.  The  heat  and  pain 
gradually  increase,  in  proportion  as  the  combu.v- 
tion  proceeds  downwards,  until  ultimately  an 
eschar  may  be  formed.  In  Europe  and  this 
country,  the  same  operation  is  usually  practised 
with  a  cylinder  of  cotton-wool,  or  with  one  formed 
from  the  pith  of  the  greater  sun-flower.  This 
mode  of  cauterization  is  employed  as  a  powerful 
counter-irritant;  which  it  assuredly  is.  Slough- 
ing may  be  in  some  measure  prevented,  according 
to  Baron  Larrey,  by  the  application  of  liquid  am- 
monia to  the  burnt  part. 

The  term  moxa  has  been  extended  to  any  sub- 
stance, which  by  gradual  combustion  on  or  near 
the  skin  is  employed  as  a  counter-irritant. 
MOXIBURIUM,  Moxa. 

MOXIBUS'TION,  Moxlhus'tio,  Encau'sis. 
Mode  of  cauterization  by  means  of  moxa. 

MOXON'S    EFFERVESCING  MAGNESIA, 
see  Magnesia,  effervescing,  Moxon's. 
MUCAGO,  Liquor  sanguinis,  Mucilage. 
MUCARUM,  Mucharum. 
MUCCINIUM,  Mucilage. 
MUCEDO,  Mucilage. 

MUCHA'RUM,  Muca'rum.  A  barbarous  term, 
formerly  used  for  an  aqueous  infusion  of  roses, 
sweetened,  and  evaporated  to  the  consistence  of 
syrup. 

MUCIFIC,  Blennogenous. 
MU'CIFORM,    3Iuci/orm'is,    Myxo'des,   Blen- 
no'des,    BlennoVdes,    Blennoi'deus,    from    mucus, 
a,r\d  forma,   'form.'     Resembling  mucus  in  cha- 
racter or  appearance. 

MU'CILAGE,  Mucila'go,  Mvca'go,  3Iuce'do, 
Mucciu'ium,  from  the  Lat.  mucus, — itself  presumed 
to  be  from  mnngere,  'to  wipe  the  nose.'  A  mix- 
ture of  gum  and  a  small  quantity  of  matter  ana- 
logous to  mucus,  which  is  found  in  abundance  in 
linseed,  quince-seed,  &c.  It  is  obtained  by  heat- 
ing with  water  the  parts,  or  products,  of  plants 
which  contain  it.  It  is  much  used  in  the  prepa- 
tion  of  emollient  cataplasms  and  the  greater  part 
of  the  demulcent  tisanes. 

Mucilage,  see  Liquor  sanguinis — m.  Animal, 
Mucus  —  m.  of  Quince-seeds,  Decoetum  cydonise 
—  m.  of  Rice,  see  Oryza  —  m.  of  Sassafras  Pith, 
Infusum  sassafras  medullas — m.  Starch,  Mucilago 
am.yli. 

MUGILAGINEUX,  Mucilaginous. 
MUCILAG"INOUS,  3hicilagino'sus,  Gummo'. 
siis,  Gummio'des,  Gummido'des,  (F .)  3Iticila(jineu.c. 
Gummy.     Resembling  gum.     That  which   pos- 
sesses the  character  of  mucilage. 
MUCILAGO,  Mucilage,  Synovia. 
Mucilago  Aca'ci^,  31.  Acacia  Arab'icm,  M. 
Gummi  Arah'iccB,  3Iucilage  of  aca'cia,  31.  of  g inn 
Arabic.     (AcaeitB  gum.  contus.  ^iv;  aq.  bnllicni. 
Oss.     Rub  the  gum  with    the   water   gradually 
added.)  Demulcent.  To  allay  cough  ;  but,  chieflj', 
to  suspend  insoluble  matters  in  water,  <tc. 

Mucilago  Am'ylt,  Starch  mucilage.  [Amyli, 
^iij  ;  aqucB,  Oj.  Rub  the  starch  with  the  water 
gradually  added  ;  then  boil  till  it  forms  a  muci- 
lage.— Ph.  L.)  Demulcent.  Generally  given  jc/ec 
annm. 

Mucilago  Articulokum  seu  Junctuharcji, 
Synovia. 

Mucilago  Astrag'ali  Tragacan'th  J5,  3f.  tra- 
gacanthcB  (Ph.  U.S.),  31.  gummi  tragacanthoB,  -Vf4- 
cilage  of  tragacanth.  [Gummi  tragneanth.  ^} ; 
aqucB  bullient.  Oj.     Macerate  for  24  hours;  twitu- 


MUCIN 


575 


MULIEBROSUS 


Tate  till  the  gum  is  dissolved,  and  press  through 
linen.)     For  pharmaceutical  purposes. 

MuciLAGO  Cretica,  Misturae  creta; — m.  Gum- 
mi  Arabici,  M.  acaeiee — m.  Seminis  cydonii  mali, 
Decoctum  cydoniae — m.  Gummi  tragacanthas,  M. 
astragali  tragacanthje — m.  Tragacanthffi,  M.  astra- 
gali tragacanthae. 
MUCIN,  Mucus. 

MUCIP'AROUS,  Mucip'arus,  from  muctis,  and 
pario,  'I  bring  forth.'  Mucous-producing;  as 
muciparous  glands  or  follicles. 

MUCKSWEAT,  Desudatio. 

MUCOCE'LE,  Hernia  sacci  lacryma'lis,  from 
mucus,  and  Kr]\ri,  'rupture.'  An  enlargement  or 
protrusion  of  the  mucous  membrane  of  the  lachry- 
mal passages,  giving  occasion  to  fistula  lacry- 
m.alis.     Also,  dropsy  of  the  lachrymal  sac. 

MUCO-ENTERITIS,  see  Enteritis. 

MUCO-PU'RULENT,  Muco-ptiriden'tus,  Pyo- 
hlen'nicus,  from  mucus,  and  pus.  Having  the 
character  or  appearance  of  mucus  and  pus. 

MUCOR,  Euros,  Mucus  —  m.  Narium,  Nasal 
mucus. 

MUCOSITAS,  Mucus. 

MUCOS'ITY,  3Iucos'itas.  A  fluid,  which  re- 
sembles mucus,  or  contains  a  certain  quantity 
of  it. 

MUCOUS,  Muco'sus.  An  epithet  for  all  bodies 
containing  mucilage  or  mucus.  It  is,  also,  some- 
times used  synonymously  with  gummy.  In  pa- 
thology, it  is  occasionally  employed  to  express  the 
seat  of  a  disease,  as  mucous  disease,  mucous  2Meg- 
masia;  that  is,  having  its  seat  in  a  mucous  mem- 
brane. 

Mucous  CoKPUSCLES,  See  Mucus  —  m.  Layer, 
see  Tache  emhryonnaire  —  m.  Membranes,  see 
Membranes  —  m.  Web,  Corpus  mucosum. 

MUCR^O,  Apex. 

MuCRO  seu  Cor'yphe  seu  Fundus  seu  Vertex 
Cordis.     The  apex  or  point  of  the  heart. 

MucRO  Humeri,  Acromion. 

MUCRONATA  CARTILAGO,  Xiphoid  car- 
tilage. 

MUCRONATUM  OS,  Xiphoid  cartilage. 

MU'CULENT,  J/iicH^en'iifs,  fromwiuci/s.  Slimy, 
viscid. 

MUCUNA,  see  Dolichos  pruriens  —  m.  Pru- 
riens,  Dolichos  pruriens — m.  Prurita,  see  Do- 
lichos. 

MUCUS,  Miicor,  Muco'sus  hmnnr,  Mucos'itas, 
Myxa,  Mycus,  Lape,  Pitui'la,  Zoomy'cus,  Zoo- 
myx'a,  Pit'uite,  Animal  mucus,  Blenna,  Animal 
mucilage,  (F.)  Muqueux  animal,  Morve,  Mucilage 


animal,  presumed  to  be  from  mungere,  'to  wipe 
the  nose.'  A  substance,  analogous  to  vegetable 
mucilage;  from  which,  however,  it  differs,  by 
affording  subcarbonate  of  ammonia  on  distilla- 
tion. Mucus  exudes  through  the  skin,  in  a  state 
of  combination  with  a  peculiar  oily  matter ;  and, 
drying,  forms  the  epidermis.  It  constitutes,  in 
part,  the  different  epidermeous  productions,  as 
the  hair,  nails,  wool,  and  horn  of  animals,  feathers 
of  birds,  and  scales  of  fish.  It  is  found  at  the 
surface  of  the  mucous  membranes,  and  presents 
some  difference  in  its  composition  and  properties, 
according  to  the  particular  mucous  membrane 
from  which  it  is  obtained.  Its  chief  organic  con- 
stituent is  an  albuminous  compound,  —  mucin. 
Mucus  preserves  the  membranes  moist,  and  in  a 
state  best  fitted  for  the  performance  of  their  func- 
tions. The  French  give  the  term  glaire  to  ihe 
thick,  stringy  mucus,  secreted  by  the  mueoas 
membranes  when  in  a  state  of  disease. 

When  mucus  is  examined  with  the  microscope 
it  is  found  to  contain  numerous  epithelial  scales 
or  flattened  cells ;  together  with  round,  granular 
bodies,  which  are  commonly  termed  mucous  cor- 
puscles or  mucous  globtdes. 

Mucus  Carphodes,  see  Carphodes — m.  Ca,^ 
tharticus.  Lichen  Islandieus — m.  Malpighii,  Cor- 
pus mucosum — m.  Narium,  Nasal  mucus. 

MUD-APPLE  PLANT,  Solanum  melongena. 
MUDAR,  Madar.  The  Calotropis  mudarii 
seu  madarii;  or,  according  to  the  generality  of 
authorities,  the  C.  gigante'a  or  Ascle'pias  gigan- 
te'a.  In  the  Hindoo  practice  of  physic,  the  bark 
of  the  root,  as  well  as  the  concrete  juice  of  the 
plant,  enters  into  various  compound  formula  for 
the  cure  of  elephantiasis  and  many  other  disor- 
ders. Experiments  instituted  by  Dr.  Duncan,  jr., 
exhibit  its  properties  to  be  like  those  of  ipeca- 
cuanha. 

MUDGE'S  INHALER,  see  Inhaler. 
3IUGUET,  Aphthas,  Convallaria  maialis  —  m. 
des  Bois,  Aspervila  odorata  —  m.  de  Mai,  Conval-' 
laria  maialis. 

MUGWORT,  Artemisia  vulgaris. 
MULATRE,  Mulatto. 

MULATTO,  (F.)  Muldtre,  (S.)  IMafa.  An 
individual  of  the  human  species  engendered  of  a 
white  and  black  race  ;  from  muliis,  '  a  mule.' 

The  following  table  exhibits  the  proportion  of 
white  blood  in  the  various  castes,  —  arising  from 
the  hybridous  admixture  of  white  and  black,  — 
according  to  the  principles  sanctioned  by  usage. 


OFFSPRING. 


DEGREE  OP  MIXTURE. 


Negro  and  White, Mulatto, 1-2  White, 

White  and  Mulatto, Terceron, 3-4    

■XT               J  TIT  1  ii.                            f  GrilFo,  Griff,  or  Zambo,  "I                       ,    , 
Negro  and  Mulatto, {      ^^  gj^^j^  Terceron,     |  ^'^    

White  and  Terceron, Quarteron  or  Quadroon, 7-8    

Negro  and  Terceron, Black  Quarteron  or  Quadroon, 1-8    

White  and  Quarteron, Quinteron, 15-16 

Negro  and  Black  Quarteron, Black  Quinteron, 1-16 


1-2  Hack. 
1-4    

3-4    

1-8    

7-8    — 

1-16 

16-16 


The  last  two  were  considered  to  be  respectively 
white  and  black,  in  the  British  West  India 
Islands ;  and  the  former,  prior  to  modern  changes, 
were  white  by  law,  and  consequently  free.  See 
Half-caste. 

MULBERRY  CALCULUS,  see  Calculi,  uri- 
nary—  m.  Rash,  see  Typhus  —  m.  Red,  Morus 
rubra — m.  Tree,  Morus  nigra  —  m.  Wild,  Morus 
rubra. 

MULES  (¥.),  MulcB.     Chilblains  on  the  heels. 

MULGB'DIUM  ACUMINA'TUM,  Lactu'ca 
viUo'oa,  Blue  Lettuce;  and 


Mulge'dium  Florida'num,  Lactu'ca  Florida' - 
na,  So7icJius  Florida'nus,  False  Lettuce;  indige- 
nous plants  ;  Order,  Compositfe  ;  have  the  repu- 
tation of  curing  the  bites  of  rattlesnakes. 

MULIEBRIA,  Menses,  Vulva. 

MULIEBRITY,  Mulieritas. 

MULIEBROS'ITAS,  Philogyn'ia,  from  mulier, 
'a  woman,'  mnliebra,  'appertaining  to  women.' 
Fondness  for  women.  Hence,  Midiehro'sus,  Mu- 
liera'rius,  and  Midiero' sus  ;  one  who  is  fond  of 
women. 

MULIEBROSUS;  see  Muliebrositas 


MULIERARIUS 


676 


MUSA 


MULIERARIUS,  see  Muliebrositas. 

MULIE'RITAS,  Mulieh'rUy,  Womanhood,irom 
vinb'er,  'a  woman.'  The  state  of  puberty  in  the 
female. 

MULIEROSUS,  see  Muliebrositas. 

MULIER  PLENA,  Pregnant. 

MULLED  WINE,  see  Wine. 

MULLEIN,  BLACK,  Verbascum  nigrum— m. 
Uroad-leaved,  gi-eat,  Verbascum  nigrum  —  m. 
Yellow,  Verbascum  nigrum. 

MULLER,  (F.)  llouleur.  A  moulder.  A  stone 
held  in  the  hand,  with  which  any  powder  is 
ground  upon  a  flat  horizontal  stone.  It  is  some- 
times called  mullet,  (F.)  JfoUefte. 

MULLIGRUBS,  Tormina,  Colic. 

MULOMEDICINA,  Veterinary  art. 

MULOMBDICUS,  see  Hippiater. 

MULSA  ACIDA,  Oxyglycus. 

MULSUM,  Hydromeli — m.  Vinosum,  (Enomel. 

MULTIFIDUS  SPIN^,  Transversalis  dorsi. 

MULTIFCETA'TION,  Ifulfifceta'tio,  from  mul- 
fii.9,  '  many,'  and  foetiia.  Pregnancy  with  more 
than  two  foetuses. 

MULTILOC'ULAR,  IfuUilocuIa'ris,  from  mul- 
tas,  '  many,'  and  loculus,  '  a  cell.'  Having  many 
cells  or  cavities. 

MULTIMAM'M^,  from  muUm,  'many,'  and 
mamma,  'a  breast.'  A  variety  of  hypergenesis, 
i!i  which  there  are  supernumerary  mammge. 

MULTIP'AROUS,  {¥.)  Ifidtiparre,  trommultns, 
'  many,' and  j>anVe,  '  to  bring  forth.'  One  that 
brings  forth  several  young  at  the  same  time.  Such 
0  birth  is  called  plural. 

MULTITUDO,  Plethora. 

MULTIVORANTIA,  Polyphagia, 

MUMIA,  Mummy. 

MUMMIPICA'TION,  from  mummy,  and  fio, 
'  to  make.'  Sceleteu' ate.  The  mode  of  preparing 
t  mummy. 

MUMMY,  Mumid,  Arab.  SToumya,  from  mum, 
'  wax.'  Beholea,  Jiebona,  (F.)  Afomie.  A  dead 
Dody  simply  dried,  or  dried  after  having  been 
embalmed.  The  latter  acceptation  is  the  most 
common.  Formerly,  the  Egyptian  mummy  was 
extolled  as  useful  in  contusions.  It  was  pre- 
sumed, also,  to  have  healing,  tonic,  and  resolvent 
properties.  It  is  now  only  regarded  as  an  archai- 
cal  curiosity. 

MUMPS,  Cynanche  parotidea. 

MUNC'TIO,  Ajjomex'w,  (F.)  I' Action  de  mou- 
cher.     The  act  of  blowing  the  nose. 

MUNDIFICANTIA,  Detergents. 

MUNDIFICATIVA,  Detergents. 

MUND'TIA  SPINO'SA.  A  plant  of  the  A^«^ 
Ord.  Polygalese,  which  grows  in  Southern  Africa, 
and  a  decoction  of  whose  branches  is  used  in 
atrophy,  phthisis,  &c. 

MUNGOS  RADIX,  Ophiorrhiza  mungos. 

MUNIMENTUM  CASTITATIS,  Hymen, 

3IUQUEUX  ANIMAL,  Mucus. 

MUR,  Coryza. 

MURAL,  Mura'lis,  from  murus,  'a  wall.'  Ve- 
sical calculi  are  so  called  when  rugous  and  co- 
vered with  tubercles  or  asperities.  They  are 
composed  of  oxalate  of  lime. 

MURE,  Moro,  see  Morus  nigra. 

MU'RI^.,  Halme,  Sakila'ijn,  Brine,  (F.)  Sau- 
inure.  This  was  formerly  used  as  a  glyster  in 
dysentery,  in  certain  inveterate  neuralgias,  &c. 

MtiRiA,  Soda,  muriate  of. 

MURIAS  AURICO-NATRICUM,  see  Gold. 

MURIATE  B'AMiMONIAQUE,  Ammonite 
murias — m.  d' Ammoniaque  e(  defer,  Fcrrum  am- 
iconiatum — ?«.  d'Or,  Gold,  muriate  of,  see  Gold. 

MURIAT'IO  ACID,  from  muria;  Ac"idum 
kalis,  Spir'itus  salia  mari'ni,  Sp.  salts  Glaubc'ri, 
Aeidvrr'  mari'num  concentru'tum,  Acidnm  salia 
eu'iua'ria,   Acidum  salU   marini,    Sinr'itus   salts 


ac"idus  seufiimans,  Acidum  hydrocJilor'icum  si  , 
mtiriaticum,  Sinrit  of  salt,  (F.)  Acide  hydrochlo- 
rique  ou  muriatique.  An  aqueous  solution  of 
chlorohydric  acid  gas  of  s.  g.  1.16.  The  odour 
of  muriatic  acid  is  suifocating,-  taste  very  acid 
and  caustic.  It  is  nearly  colourless  when  pure  ; 
but  commonly  of  a  pale  yellow j  volatile;  the 
fumes  visible.  Muriatic  acid  is  possessed  of  tonic 
and  antiseptic  properties.  It  is  used  in  typhus  ; 
cutaneous  eruptions  ;  in  gargles  for  inflammatory 
and  putrid  sore  throats,  (gtt.  sxx  to  f^vj  of  wa- 
ter,) &c.  When  added  to  a  pediluvium,  it  ren- 
ders it  stimulating. 

Acidum  Muriat'icum  Dilu'tum  of  the  Ph.  U. 
S.  contains  four  ounces,  by  measure,  of  muriatic 
acid  to  twelve  ounces  of  distilled  water. 

MURIDE,  Bromine. 

MURIER  NOIR,  Morus  nigra. 

MURIGENE,  Chlorine. 

MURINA,  Bromine. 

MURMUR,  (F.)  Murmure.  A  word  existing 
both  in  the  Romanic  and  Teutonic  languages,  and 
probably  a  variety  of  onomatopoeia,- — mur  mur 
expressing  the  kind  of  sound  which  the  word  in- 
dicates. A  low  continued^  or  continuously  re- 
peated sound,  as  that  of  flame,  or  of  a  stream 
running  pver  a  stony  bottom. 

Murmur  Aubium,  Tinnitus  Aurium — m.  In- 
testinale  seu  intestinorum  seu  Ventris,  Borboryg- 
mus. 

Murmur,  Res'piratort.  The  noise  heard 
during  inspiration  and  expiration,  especially  the 
former.  It  is  produced  by  the  passage  of  the  air 
through  the  bronchial  tubes  and  into  the  air-cells. 
Ii  has  been  also  called  murmur  of  the  expansion 
of  the  liinc/s ,■  and,  when  distinctly  vesicular,  i?e- 
apiration  of  the  cells  or  vesicular  respiration,  (F.) 
Respiration,  vesicv.laire.  Vesicular  respiration  is 
of  course  absent  when  the  cells  of  the  lungs  have 
been  obliterated  from  any  cause.  We  may  then 
have  the  Respiration  nulle.  Absence  du  bruit  re- 
spiratoire,  Silence,  and  Respiration  silencieuse  of 
the  French  writers. 

At  times,  it  is  rude  during  inspiration  or  expi- 
ration,  or  both  —  the  Respiration  rude  or  R.  rd~ 
peuse  of  the  French.  At  others,  there  is  a  blow- 
ing sound,  (F.)  Souffle,  Respiration  sonfflattte,  as 
if  some  one  were  blowing  into  the  auseultator's 
ear  through  a  tube.  This  is  heard  in  the  healthy 
state  over  the  larynx,  trachea,  and  about  the  bi- 
furcation of  the  bronchia;  but  when  it  proceeds 
from  the  lungs  it  denotes  disease.  It  may  be 
tubtdar  or  diffttsed.  In  the  former,  the  whiffing 
murmurs  apj)ear  to  occur  in  a  space  limited  to  the 
immediate  neighbourhood  of  the  part  examined. 
In  the  latter,  they  are  produced  with  but  mode- 
rate intensity,  and  sometimes  at  a  distance  from 
the  ear,  over  a  tolerably  extended  space. 

The  respiration,  perceived  over  the  trachea  and 
bronchia  in  health,  is  called  tracheal  or  bronchial 
or  tubal,  (F.)  Respiration  bronchique,  Sotiffle  iti- 
baire,  according  to  the  situation  in  which  it  is 
heard. 

Murmur,  Uterine,  Bruit  placentaire  —  m. 
Utero-placental,  Bruit  pilacentaire. 

Murmur,  Whiffing,  see  Murmur,  respiratory. 

MURR,  Mttrrain,  from  A.  S.  mypjxhan,  '  to 
destroy,' or  from  {'L.)mori,  'to  die.'  (F.)  Clavcau, 
Glavelee,  Pestilential  Fever.  An  epizootic,  per- 
haps contagious,  disease,  having  some  j-csemblanco 
to  small-pox,  which  affects  cattle  —  especially 
sheep;  and  is  said  to  have  been  transferred  to 
man. 

Murrain,  Coryza,  Murr. 

MURREN,  Coryza. 

MUSA,  M.  Paradisiaca  — m.  Cliffortian.a,  M. 
Paradisiaea — m.  Mcnsarin,  M.  Pnrailisiac.i. 

MnSA   ParADISi'ACA,  Mt:s«,  M.  Maisu'ria   SCU 


3IUS0 


577 


MUSCLE 


Cliffortia'na,  Amusa,  Palma  Lu'iniUs,  Ficua  Tn'- 
dlca,  Bata,  Plat'anus.  The  Plantain  tree.  Fa- 
mili/,  Musaceae.  Sex.  Si/st.  Hexandria  Monogy- 
nia.  It  growa  in  many  parts  of  India  and  South 
America.  The  fruit,  ■which  is  largely  eaten  for 
bread,  consists  of  a  mealy  substance.  It  is  clam- 
my; has  a  sweetish  taste,  and  will  dissolve  in  the 
mouth  without  chewing.  The  whole  spike  of 
fruit  often  weighs  forty  or  fifty  poui^ds.  The 
leaves  of  the  tree  serve  the  Indians  for  table- 
cloths and  napkins.  Being  smooth  and  soft,  they 
are  also  employed  as  dressings  for  blisters.  The 
water  from  the  soft  trunk  is  astringent,  and 
sometimes  used  in  diarrhoea. 

MusA  Sapien'tum.  The  Bana'na  tree,  Baco'- 
ba,  (F.)  Bananier,  Bacove.  This  differs  some- 
what from  the  last.  The  fruit,  Bana'na,  (S.) 
P'atano,  is  shorter,  straighter,  and  rounder;  the 
pulp  softer  and  of  a  more  luscious  taste.  When 
ripe,  it  is  very  agreeable ;  it  is  eaten  like  the 
plantain,  and  relished  by  all  ranks  of  people  in 
the  West  Indies.  Both  varieties  are  natives  of 
Guinea. 

MUSC,  Musk. 

MUSCA  HISPANICA,  Cantharis. 

MUSC^  ENTO -HYALOID,  see  Metamor- 
phopsia — m.  Volitantes,  see  Metamori^hopsia. 

MUSCADE,  see  Myristica  moschata. 

MUSCADIER,  Myristica  moschata. 

MUSCERDA,  Moschardina. 

MUSCLE,  IIus'culuB,  Torus,  Mys,  Myon,  from 
pus,  'a  rat;'  because,  say  some  etymologists,  the 
ancients  compared  the  muscles  to  flayed  rats. 
According  to  Diemerbroeck,  Douglass,  Chaussier, 
Ac,  \KTni>v  comes  rather  from  ^avciv,  'to  close,'  'to 
move,'  <&c.,  a  function  proper  to  muscles.  This 
etymon  is  the  more  probable.  Muscles  have  been 
divided  into  those  of  Animal  life  or  of  the  Ife  of 
relation  —  voluntary  muscles  —  which  execute 
movements  under  the  influence  of  the  wUl ;  as 


the  muscles  of  the  limbs,  head,  trunk,  &c.,  and 
into  those  of  organic  life — involuntary  muscles — 
which  contract  under  the  influence  of  certain  spe- 
cial stimuli;  as  the  heart,  fleshy  fibres  of  the 
stomach,  &c.  Mixed  muscles  are  those  which 
belong  partly  to  each  of  these  divisions ; — as  the 
muscles  of  respu-ation  ;  the  sphincters,  Ac.  Mus- 
cles that  act  in  Disposition  to  each  other  are  called 
antagonists ;  thus,  every  extensor  has  a  flexor 
for  an  aatagonist,  and  conversely.  Muscles  that 
concur  in  the  same  action  are  termed  congene- 
rous. The  muscles  present  numerous  varieties  in 
form,  size,  situation,  use,  &c.,  and  have  been  di- 
vided, by  some,  into  long,  broad,  and  short.  Each 
of  these  divisions  comprises  simple  and  compound 
muscles.  Simple  or  rectilinear  muscles  have  all 
their  fibres  in  a  similar  direction,  and  only  one 
body — as  the  Sartorius,  Pronator  quadratns,  <tc. 
Compound  muscles  are  those  which  have  only  one 
belly  and  several  tendons,  as  the  flexors  of  the, 
fingers  and  toes ;  or  several  bellies  and  several  ' 
tendons, — as  the  biceps  flexor  cubiti,  sacro-lum- 
balis,  <fec.  To  the  compound  muscles  belong, 
also,  the  radiated  muscles.  Their  fibres  set  out 
from  a  common  centre,  and  are  arranged  like  the 
radii  of  a  circle ; — such  are  the  diapliragm,  ilia- 
cus,  temporal,  &c.  Pennated  or  Penniform  llus- 
cles.  Their  fibres  are  arranged  in  two  rows, 
which  are  united  at  a  median  line,  at  greater  or 
less  angles ;  nearly  as  the  feathers  are  inserted 
into  a  quill.  The  palmaris  longus  is  one  of  these. 
Semi-penniform  muscles:  their  fibres  are  oblique, 
as  in  the  last  case;  but  they  are  inserted  only  ca 
one  side  of  the  tendon.  Holloio  Muscles  are,— 
the  heart,  intestines,  urinary  bladder,  &c. 

Much  difference  has  existed  in  the  enumera- 
tion of  muscles.  Some  authors  reckon  them  at 
upwards  of  400.  Chaussier  admits  only  368. 
The  greater  part  of  them  ai'e  in  pairs.  Very  few 
are  azygous. 


TABLE    OF   THE  MUSCLES,  ARRANGED  AFTER  THE  MANNER   OF   DR.  BARCLAY, 
ACCORDING  TO  THEIR  ACTIONS. 


Forwards  by 

Platysma  myoides, 
Sterno-mastoideus, 
Rectus  anticus  major, 
"  "         iiiinor, 

Jlssisted  (when  the  lower  jaw  is 
fixed)  by 

Mylo-hyoideus, 
Genio-hyoideus, 
Genio-liyo-glossus, 
Digastrici. 


THE    HEAD    IS   MOVED 

Backwards  by 

Part  of  trapezius, 
Splenius  capitis, 
Coniplexus, 
Traclielo-mastoideus, 
Rectus  posticus  major, 
"  "        minor, 

Obliquus  capitis  superior. 


To  either  side  by 

Platysma  myoides, 
St«rno-mastoideus, 
Part  of  trapezius, 
Splenius  capitis, 

"        colli, 
Trachelo-mastoideus, 
Complexus. 


Forwards  by 

Platysma  myoides, 

Sterno-mastoideus, 

Digastricus, 

Mylo-hyoideus, 

Genio-hyoideus, 

Gsnio-hyo-glossus 

Omo  hyoidei, 

Sterno-hyoidei, 

Thyro-hyoidei, 

Rectus  anticus  minor, 

Longus  colli. 


37 


THE   NECK   IS    MOVED 

Backwards  by 

Part  of  trapezius, 
Rhomboideijs  minor, 
Serratus  posticus  superior, 
Splenius  capitis, 

"         colli, 
Complexus, 
Trachelo-mastoideus, 
Transversalis  colli, 
Inter-spinales  colli, 
Semi-spinales  colli, 
Rectus  posticus  major, 

"  "        minor, 

Obliquus  capitis  superior, 
"  "        inferior, 

Scaleni  postici. 
Levator  scapulce. 


Laterally  by 

Various  combinations  of  those  mus 
cles  which  separately  move  it  for- 
wards and  backwards,  assisted  by 
the  scaleni,  intertransversales,  and 
recti  laterales. 


MUSCLE  578  MUSCLE 


THE    TRUNK   IS   MOVED 

Forwards  hy  Backwards  by                                        Laterally  Uf 

Rectus  abdominis,  Trapezius,                                              Obliquus  externus, 

Pyramidalis,  Rliomboideus  major,                                    "        internus, 

Obliquus  externus  abdominis,  Latissimus  dorsi,                                   Q,uadratus  lumborum, 

Obli(iuus  internus,  Serratus  posticus  superior,                   Longissimus  dorsi. 

Psoas  ma^rnus,  "             "         inferior,                    Sacro-lumbalis, 

'•      parvus,  Sacro-lumbalis,                         "            Serrati  postici, 
Longissimus  dorsi,                                Latissimus  dorsi 

Assisted  {wken  the  arms  are  carried  Spinales  dorsi, 

forwards)  by  Senii-spinales  dorsi, 

Pectoralis  major,  Multifidus  spina;             _ 

minor  Inter-transversales  dorsi  et  lurabo- 

Serratus  magnus.  rum. 


THE    SCAPULA  IS   MOVED 
Upwards  by  Downwards  by  Forwards  by  Backwards  bf 

Trapezius,  Lower  part  of  trapezius,      Pectoralis  minor.  Part  of  trapezius. 

Levator  scapulEB,  Latissimus  dorsi,  Serratus  raagnus.  Rhomboidei, 

Ehomboidei.  Pectoralis  minor.  Latissimus  dorsi. 


THE    HUMERUS   IS   MOVED 

Forwards  by  Backwards  by  Inwards  by  Rotated  inwards  bg 

Part  of  deltoid,  Part  of  deltoid,  Part  of  pectoralis  major,      Subseapularis, 

Part  of  pectoralis  major,       Teres  major,  Latissimus  dorsi. 

"       minor,  Assisted  occasionally  bjf 

Assisted  in  some  circum-    Long  head  of  triceps,  Pectoralis  major, 

stances  by  Latissimus  dorsi.  Latissimus  and  teres  ma- 

Biceps,  jor. 

Coraco-brachialis. 

Outwards  by 

Supra-spinatus, 
Infra-spinatus, 
Teres  minor. 

THE   FORE-ARM  IS   MOVED 
Forwards  by  Backwards  by  Rotated  inwards  by 

Biceps,  Triceps,  Pronator  teres, 

Brachi'alis  anticus,  Anconeus.  Flexor  carpi  radialis, 

Pronator  teres,  Palmaris  longus, 

Flexor  sublimis. 
Assisted  by  .  Pronator  quadratus, 

Flexor  carpi  radialis.  Outwards  by 

"        sublimis,  * 

"        ulnaris.  Biceps, 

Supinator  longus.  Supinator  brevis. 

Extensor  secundi   inter- 
nodii. 

THE    CARPUS   IS   MOVED 

'           Forwards  by                            Backwards  by  Outwards  by  Inwards  by 

Flexor  carpi  radialis,             Extensor    carpi    radialis  Flexor  carpi  radialis.  Flexor  sublimis, 

Palmaris  longus,                        longior,  Extensor     carpi     radialis  "        carpi  ulnaris. 

Flexor  sublimis,                     Extensor    carpi     radialis  longior,  "        profundus, 

"        carpi  ulnaris,                 brevior.  Extensor    carpi     radialis  Extensor  communis  dig|. 

•■        profundus,     '             Extensor    secundi    inter-  brevior,  torum. 

"        longus  poliicis.              nodii.  Extensor  ossis  metacarpi.  Extensor  minimi  digiti, 

Indicator,  Extensor  primi  internodii.  Extensor  carpi  ulnaris. 
Extensor  communis  digi- 

torum. 
Extensor  proprius  poUicis. 


THE   THUMB   IS   MOVED 

Upwards    and   forwards. 

Inwards    and  forwards.        Outwards  and  backwards  away  from  the  other  Jin-  Backwards    and    inwards, 

across  the  palm,  by  by  gers,  by  to  the  other  fingers,  by 

Oppnnens  pollicie,  Extensor  ossis  metacarpi    Abductor,  Adductor, 

ftexor  brevis,  poliicis.  Extensor  primi  internodii, 

"        longus  Extensor  primi  internodii.        Assisted  by  part  of  tin  Extensor    secundi    inter. 

Extensor    secundi    inter-    Flexor  brevis.  nodii. 

nodii. 


MUSCLE 


579 


MUSCLE 


THE    FINGERS   ARE   MOVED 


Forwards,  or  flexed,  by 

Flexor  siiblimis, 

"        profundus, 
Lumbricales, 
liitoriissei, 
Flexor   brevis    digiti    ir 

riiini, 
Abductor  digiti  minimi. 


Backwards,  or  extended,  by 

Extensor  communis, 

"        minimi  digiti, 
Indicator. 


Outwards,    to    radial    bor- 
der, by 

Abductor  indicis, 

"         digiti  minimi, 
Interossei. 


Inwards  Jyg 

Abductor  digiti  minima 

Interossei. 


THE    THIGH   IS   MOVED 


Forwards  by 

Psoas  magnua, 
Iliacus, 

Tensor  vaginfe  femoris, 
Pectineus, 
Adductor  longiis, 
brevis. 


Backaards  by 

Gluteus  maximus, 
Part  of  gluteus  medius, 
Pyriformis, 
Obturator  internus, 
Part  of  adductor  magnus, 
Long  head  of  biceps, 
Semi-tendinosus, 
Semi-membranosus. 


Inwards  by 

Psoas  magnus, 

Iliacus, 

Pectineus, 

Gracilis, 

Adductor  longus, 
"  brevis, 
"        magnus, 

Obturator  externus, 

(iuadratus  femoris. 


Outwards  by 

Tensor  vaginse  femoria. 
Gluteus  maximus, 
"        medius, 
"        minimus, 
Pyriformis. 


THE    THIGH   IS    ROTATED 


Inwards  by 

Tensor  vacitiis  femoris, 
Part  of  gluteus  medius, 

■^nd,  when   the  leg   is   ex- 
tended, by 

Sartorius. 
Semi-tendinosus. 


Outwards  by 

Gluteus  maximus, 
Part  of  gluteus  medius, 
Pyriformis, 
Gemellus  superior. 
Obturator  Internus, 
Gemellus  inferior, 
Qiiadratus  femoris. 
Obturator  externus, 
Psoas  magnus, 
Iliacus, 

Adductor  longus, 
"        brevis, 
"        magnus. 
Biceps  cruris,  slightly. 


THE    LEG  IS   MOVED 
Backwards,  or  flexed,  by  Extended  by 


Semi-tendinosus, 

Biceps, 

Semi-membranosus, 

Gracilis, 

Sartorius, 

Popliteus. 


Rectus, 
Crureus, 

Vastus  externus, 
"       internus. 


Forwards,  or  flexed,  by 

Tibialis  anticus, 
Extensor  proprius  pollicis. 
Extensor    longus    digito- 

rum, 
Peroneus  tertius. 


THE   FOOT  IS   MOVED 
Backwards,  or  extended  by  Inclined  inwards  by 


Gastrocnemius, 

Plantaris, 

Soleus. 

Flexor  longus  diiitorum, 

"      longus  pollicis. 
Tibialis  posticus, 
Peroneus  lonsus, 
"        brevis. 


Extensor  proprius  pollicis. 
Flexor  longus  dijjitorura, 

longus  pollicis. 
Tibialis  posticus. 


Outwards  by 

Peroneus  longus, 
brevis. 
Extensor    longus 

rum, 
Peroneus  tertius. 


digito 


Sacheards,  or  flexed,  by 

Abductor  pollicis, 
Flexor  brevis  digitorum. 
Abductor  minimi  digiti. 
Flexor  longus  pollicis, 

"      digitorum, 

"      accessorius, 
Lumbricales, 
Flexor  brevis  pollicis. 
Adductor  pollicis. 
Flexor  brevis  minimi  di- 

eiti, 
Interossei. 


THE   TOES   AEE   MOVED 
Forwards,  or  extended,  by  Inclined  inwards  by 

longus    digito- 


Extensor 

rum. 
Extensor  proprius  pollicis, 
"       brevis  digitorum. 


Abductor  pollicis, 
Interossei. 


Outwards  by 

Adductor  pollicis, 

"         digiti  minimis 
Interossei. 


MUSCLE  CAXIN 


580 


MUSCULO-CUTANEOUS 


Mnscles  Lave  been  variously  named.  1.  Ac- 
cordiitg  to  their  uses,  as  diaphragm,  buccinator, 
extensors,  flexors,  adductors,  abductors,  le%'ators, 
depressors,  &c.  2.  According  to  their  position, 
as  interspinales,  interossei,  subclavius,  poplitseus, 
anconeus,  eubitalis,  iliacus,  temporalis,  Ac.  3. 
According  to  their  shape,  as  trapezius,  splenius, 
Inmbricalis,  serratus,  digastric,  deltoid,  scalenus, 
rhomboides,  <fec.  4.  According  to  their  dimen- 
sions, as  pectoralis  major,  rectus  capitis  anticus 
major,  pectoralis  minor,  glutseus  maximus,  me- 
dius,  and  minimus.  5.  According  to  their  direc- 
tion, as  obliquus  abdominis,  transversalis  abdo- 
minis, rectus  femoris,  rectus  abdominis,  &c.  6. 
According  to  their  composition,  as  semi-membra- 
nosus,  semi-tendinosus,  complexus,  &c.  7.  Ac- 
cording to  their  attachments,  or  the  diflferent 
points  of  the  skeleton  to  wMch  they  are  connect- 
ed by  means  of  tendons  or  aponeuroses ;  as 
stemo-eleido-mastoideus,  sterno-hyoideus,  &c. 
On  this  is  grounded  the  nomenclature  of  M.  Du- 
mas, and  that  of  Chaussier. 

The  end  of  the  muscle,  which  adheres  to  the 
most  fixed  part,  is  usually  called  the  origin  or 
head,  (F.)  Ttfe ;  and  that  which  adheres  to  the 
more  moveable  part,  the  insertion  or  tail,  (F.) 
Queue  ;  the  intervening  part  or  lodi/  of  the  mus- 
cle being  called  the  venter  or  beUi/,  Venter  mus'- 
culi,  Me'dium  mits'enli :  hence  the  names  gastro- 
cnemii,  digastricus,  biceps,  and, triceps  j  accord- 
ing as  they  have  two  bellies,  two  or  three  heads, 
&c. 

Muscles  are  formed,  —  1.  Essentially  of  the 
muscular  or  fleshy  fibre,  (see  Muscular  Fibre.) 
2.  Of  Areolar  tissue,  which  unites  together  the 
fibres.  This  areolar  tissue  is  not  very  visible 
between  the  fine  and  loose  fibres ;  but  becomes 
more  so,  when  they  unite  in  more  considerable 
fasciculi.  It  forms,  moreover,  to  each  muscle,  an 
external  envelope,  which  unites  it  to  the  neigh- 
bouring parts,  and  admits  of  its  motion.  This 
envelope  was  formerly  called  Tu'nica  propiria 
musculo' rum.  3.  Of  Arteries.  These  jjroceed 
from  neighbouring  trunks,  and  are,  generally, 
very  large.  Their  size  and  number  are  always 
in  proportion  to  the  bulk  of  the  muscle.  With 
the  exception  of  some  viscera,  as  the  lungs  and 
the  kidneys,  there  are  few  organs  that  receive  as 
much  blood  as  the  muscles.  4.  Of  Veins.  They 
follow  the  same  course  in  the  muscles  as  the  ar- 
teries. Bichat  asserts  that  they  are  generally 
devoid  of  valves.  5.  Of  Lymphatics.  Of  these 
we  know  little,  and  cannot  easily  follow  them 
between  the  fleshy  fibres.  6.  Of  Nerves.  These 
are  numerous,  and  of  difi'erent  sizes.  They,  al- 
most all,  proceed  from  the  encephalon  ,•  some, 
however,  issue  from  ganglions,  and  accompany 
the  arteries.  In  general,  they  penetrate  the 
fleshy  tissue  along  with  the  vessels,  to  which 
they  are  narrowly  united.  After  they  have  en- 
tered the  muscles,  they  divide  and  subdivide 
until  they  are  lost  sight  of. 

3IUSCLE  CANIN,  Levator  anguli  oris  —  m. 
Canncle,  Ischio-trochanterianus. 

Muscle  of  Gavakd.  The  oblique  muscular 
fibres  of  the  stomach. 

MUSCLE  GRAND  FESSIER,  Glutseus  ma- 
jor— m.  of  Guthrie,  Compressor  Urethraj — m.  of 
Homer,  Tensor  Tarsi — m.  of  Houston,  Compres- 
sor venae  dorsalis  penis  —  m.  tres  Lc^rge  du  dos, 
Latissimus  dorsi — m,  of  Wilson,  ComjiVessor  ure- 
thrse. 

MUS'CULAR,  Muacuia'ris,  Ilunculo'evs,  Toro'- 
gus  That  which  belongs  or  relates  to  the  mus- 
cles.    Well  furnished  with  muscles. 

Muscular  Ar'teries.  Arteries  that  are  dis- 
tributed to  the  muscles.  The  name.  Muscular 
Arteries  of  the  eye,  has  been  especially  given  to 


two  branches  sent  off  by  the  ophthalmic  artery: 
— the  one,  inferior,  which  furnishes  branches  to 
the  rectus  inferior  oculi,  lachrymal  sac,  &c.,  and 
some  of  the  anterior  ciliary  arteries  :  the  other 
— the  superior,  which  is  sometimes  wanting;  but, 
when  it  exists,  gives  branches  to  the  rectus  su- 
perior oeuli  and  levator  palpebra  superioris. 

Muscular  Costrac'tion.  The  exertion  of  the 
power,  possessed  by  muscles,  of  shortening  them- 
selves, or  of  contracting  to  produce  motion  :  — 
muscular  motion  being  the  change  in  the  situa- 
tion and  relation  of  organs,  induced  by  muscular 
contraction.  When  a  muscle  contracts,  its  fibres 
assume  more  the  zigzag  direction,  and  the  extre- 
mities approximate ;  but  the  bulk  of  the  whole 
muscle  is  not  augmented.  This  contraction  takes 
place,  at  times,  with  extreme  velocity:  a  single 
thrill,  in  the  letter  r,  can  be  pronounced  in  the 
1-30, 000th  part  of  a  minute.  The  force  of  con- 
traction, Myody'namis,  depends  upon  the  healthy 
physical  condition  of  the  muscle,  combined  with 
due  energy  of  the  brain.  The  duration,  in  vo- 
luntary motion,  is  for  a  certain  time  dependent 
upon  the  will : — contractions,  excited  involunta- 
rily, cannot  be  so  long  maintained. 

Muscular  Fibre,  Fleshy  fibre,  Filum  muscu- 
la're,  Fibril'la  muscxdu'ris.  A  name  given  to 
the  filaments,  which,  by  their  union,  form  the 
muscles.  This  fibre  is  flat,  soft,  downy,  linear, 
little  elastic,  more  or  less  red;  and  arranged  in 
zigzag  according  to  its  length,  which  is  variable. 
It  is  firmer  in  adults  than  in  the  young  or  the 
aged;  of  the  same  size  in  the  great  and  small 
muscles ;  and  runs  its  course  without  bifurcation 
or  ramification.  It  is  but  slightly  resisting  in  the 
dead  body,  tearing  readily;  but  during  life  it 
supports  very  great  efforts  without  laceration.  It 
is,  itself,  composed  of  a  considerable  number  of 
fibrils,  similar  to  each  other,  and  subdividing  al- 
most ad  infinitum.  The  ultimate  filaments  into 
which  the  fibre  can  be  decomposed  by  mechani- 
cal means  seem  to  be  hollow  or  tubular.  The 
fibre  exists  under  two  forms,  the  striated  or 
stripied,  and  the  non-striated,  smooth  or  unstriped; 
the  muscles  composed  of  the  former  ministering, 
as  a  general  rule,  to  the  animal  functions, — 
the  latter  always,  perhaps,  to  the  organic.  The 
colour  of  the  muscular  fibres  is  red  in  man,  and 
white  in  several  animals.  A  greater  or  less 
number,  —  united  in  fasciculi,  Fascic'uli  seu 
Lacer'ti  museido'rum,  approximated  to  each  other, 
and  forming  a  distinct  mass,  of  very  variable 
size  and  shape,  the  extremities  being  attached  to 
bones  by  means  of  tendons, — constitutes  a  muscle. 
In  this  are  included  areolar  membrane,  vessels 
and  nerves.     See  Muscle. 

Muscular  Nerves.  The  nerves  distributed 
to  the  muscles  are  so  named.  AVinslow  calls  the 
4th  pair  of  nerves  —  Nerf  musculaire  oblique  au- 
pjerieur. 

Muscular  SrsTEsr.  A  term  given  to  the  ag- 
gregate of  the  muscles  of  the  body. 

Muscular  Veins.  These  bring  back  the 
blood,  which  has  been  carried  to  the  muscles  by 
the  muscular  arteries. 

MUSCULARIS.  Corroborant. 

MUSCULA'TION.  see  Locomotion. 

MUSCULI  ACCESSORII  AD  SACRO-LUM- 
BALEM,  see  Sacro-lumbalis — m.  Papillares,  Co- 
lumnaj  carneae — m.  Pectinati,  Pectinated  muscles. 

MUS'CULO-CUTA'XEOUS,  Ilus'culo-cvta'- 
7?eH8,  from  musculus,  'a  muscle,'  and  cwfi'*,  'skin.' 
That  which  appertains  to  muscles  and  skin. 

MuscuLO-CuTANEous  Nerve.  This  name  is 
especially  given  to  two  nerves  ;  —  the  one,  the 
External  cutaneous  nerve,  furnished  by  the  bra- 
chial plexus  (see  Cutaneous: — )  the  other,  given 
off  from  the  poplitOEUs  externus,  (F.)  Nerf  Sciat- 


MUSCULO-RACHID^US 


581 


MTCE 


iqfie,  Poph'ii  externe,  Pretihio  digital,  (Ch.)  It 
descends  on  the  anterior  and  outer  part  of  the 
leg, — at  first,  hid  among  the  muscles ;  becomes 
superficial  about  the  middle  of  the  leg ;  and  di- 
vides into  two  branches,  which  pass  superficially 
on  the  back  of  the  foot.  Two  musculo-cutaneous 
nerves — superior  and  inferior — proceed  from  the 
first  lumbar.  The  superior  musculo-cutaneous  — 
iV io-scrotal,  il'io-hypogas'tricas  —  which  divides 
into  two  branches, — abdominal  and  scrotal.  The 
inferior  musculo-cutaneous  is  smaller  than  the 
superior,  and  is  distributed  as  its  name,  il'io-in'- 
guinal,  indicates. 

MUSCULO-RACHID^'US.  Belonging  or  re- 
lating to  muscles  and  to  the  spine.  A  name  given 
to  branches,  furnished  behind  by  the  intercostal, 
lumbar,  and  sacral  arteries,  which  are  distri- 
buted to  the  spine  and  to  the  muscles  of  the 
neighbourhood. 

MUSCULOSA  EXPANSIO,  Platysma  my- 
oides. 

MUSCULO-SPIRAL  NERVE,  Radial  nerve. 

MUSCULOSUS,  Muscular. 

MUSCULUS  ACCLIVIS,  Obliquus  internns 
abdominis — m.  Auxiliarius,  Pyramidalis  abdomi- 
nis— m.  Constrictorius,  Sphincter — m.  Cutaneus, 
Platysma  myoides  —  m.  Eustachii,  Laxator  tym- 
pani  —  m.  Fallopii,  Pj'ramidalis  abdominis  —  m. 
Femoris  membranosus.  Fascia  lata — m.  Patientise, 
Levator  scapulaj  —  m.  Penicillatus,  Levator  labii 
inferioris  —  m.  Pyxoides  terrestris.  Lichen  pyxi- 
datus — m.  Scandularius,  Parathenar — m.  Subcu- 
taneus,  Platysma  myoides  —  m.  Succenturiatus, 
P}"ramidalis  abdominis  —  m.  Succingens,  Dia- 
phragm —  m.  Supercilii,  Corrugator  supercilii  — 
m.  Testicondus,  Cremaster — m.  Testis,  Cremaster 
—  m.  Tubse  novte,  Circumflexus. 

MUSCUS  ARBOREUS,  Lichen  plicatus— m. 
Caninus,  Lichen  eaninus — m.  Catharticus,  Lyco- 
podium  selago  —  m.  Clavatus,  Lycopodium  —  m. 
Corallinus,  Corallina  Corsicana  —  m.  Cranii  hu- 
mani.  Lichen  saxatilis — m.  Erectus,  Lycopodium 
selago — m.  Helminthocortos,  Corallina  Corsicana 
— m.  Islandicus,  Lichen  islandicus — m.  Marinus, 
Corallina  Corsicana — m.  Maritimus,  Corallina — 
m.  Pulmonarius  quercinus,  Lichen  pulmonarius 
— m.  Pyxidatus,  Lichen  pyxidatus — m.  Villosus, 
Peristroma. 

3IUSEAU  BE  TANCHE,  Os  uteri. 

MUSEUM  ANATOM'ICUM,  Supel'lex  ana- 
tom'iea.     An  anatomical  museum. 

MUSHROOM,  Fungus. 

MUSIC,  Mu'sica,  (F.)  Jfusique,  from  ftovcra, 
musa,  'a  song.'  The  art  of  producing  harmo- 
nious and  eadenced  sounds ;  an  art,  which  has, 
at  times,  been  beneficially  used  in  diseases,  par- 
ticularly in  those  of  the  mind ;  or  on  which  the 
mind  could  act  in  a  salutary  manner. 

MUSICOMA'jSTIA,  3Iusoma'nia,  from  music, 
and  mania,  A  variety  of  monomania  in  which 
the  passion  for  music  is  carried  to  such  an  extent 
as  to  derange  the  intellectual  faculties. 

MUSING,  LISTLESS,  Aphelxia  otiosa, 

MUSIQUE,  Music. 

MUSK,  Moschus,  Ifosch  (Arab.),  (F.)  3fusc. 
A  peculiar  concrete  animal  substance,  of  a  very 
diffusible  odour,  bitter  taste,  and  a  deep  brown 
colour :  solid,  and  enclosed  in  a  sac  found  near 
the  anus  of  the  3foschus  moscJiif'erus  or  3Iusk 
Deer.  It  is  possessed  of  stimulant  and  antispas- 
modic properties.     Dose,  gr.  v  to  ^j  in  bolus. 

Musk,  Artific"ial,  3Ioschus  factit"ius,  Eesi'- 
na  Snc'cini.  (^01.  succini  recti/.  1  part,  acid, 
nitric.  4  parts.  Digest; — a  black  matter  will  be 
deposited,  which  must  be  well  washed  with  water.) 

MUSKilRAPE  FLOWER,  Bulbus  vomitorius. 

MUSKMALLOW.  Hiliiscus  abclmoschus. 

MUSKROOT,  Sumbul. 


MUSKSEED,  see  Hibiscus  abelmoschus. 

MUSKWOOD,  Thymiama. 

MUSOMANIA,  Musicomauia. 

MUSQUITO,  Mosquito. 

MUSS^N'DAFRONDO'SA,i?e?277a,i?c7e'.so,-». 
A  decoction  of  this  plant  has  been  esteemed  re- 
frigerant. 

MUSSEL,  Mytilus  edulis. 

MUSSITA'TIO,  3Iussita'tion,  from  mnssitnre, 
itself  from  mussare,  '  to  murmur.'  A  condition, 
in  which  the  tongue  and  lips  move,  as  in  the  act 
of  speaking,  but  without  sounds  being  produced. 
This  sort  of  murmuring  is  an  unfavourable  sign 
in  disease,  as  indicating  great  cerebral  debility. 

MUSTA'CEUM  :  from  3Iustacea,  a  kind  of 
laurus  used  in  making  it.  A  kind  of  wedding- 
cake  used  by  the  ancients,  which  consisted  of 
meal,  aniseed,  cummin,  and  several  other  aroma- 
tics  j  its  object — it  has  been  conceived — being  to 
prevent  or  remove  the  indigestion  occasioned  by 
too  great  indulgence  at  the  marriage  feast. 

MUSTACHE,  Mvstax. 

MUSTARD,  BLACK,  Sinapis  — m.  Clammy, 
Polanisia  graveolens  —  m.  Essence  of,  White- 
head's, see  Sinapis — m.  False,  Polanisia  graveo- 
lens —  m.  Hedge,  Erysimum  —  m.  Mithridate, 
Thlaspi  campestre  —  m.  Stinking  hedge,  Alliaria 
— m.  Treacle,  Thlaspi  arvense  —  m.  White,  Sina- 
pis alba  —  m.  Wild,  Sinapis  arvensis. 

MUSTELANEUS,  Galeancon. 

IdUSTUM,  Wort. 

MUTACIS'MUS,  3Iu'tacism,  from  nvraKiaw, 
'  I  use  the  letter  m  too  frequentlj'.'  ■  A  vicious 
pronunciation;  consisting,  according  to  Sauvages, 
in  the  frequent  repetition  of  the  letters  B,  p,  and 
M,  which  are  substituted  for  others. 

MUTA'TIO  SEXtlS.  A  change  or  conversion 
of  sex.  A  notion  prevailed  in  antiquity  that 
such  a  conversion  was  possible. 

MUTEO'SIS.  Under  this  name  is  compre- 
hended every  phenomenon  of  expression,  volun- 
tary and  involuntary,  which  impresses  the  sight 
or  touch. 

MUTILA'TIOISr,  3futila'tio,  Ifaiming,  from 
mutilus,  'broken.'  The  removal  or  privation  of 
a  limb,  or  of  some  other  external  part  of  the  body. 
In  all  countries,  this  crime  has  been  punished 
with  severitv. 

MUTINUS,  Penis, 

3IUTIS3IE,  Mutitas. 

MU'TITAS,  mutus,  'dumb.'  Oltumescen'tia, 
Ala'lia,  Anau'dia,  Dumbness,  Speech' lessness,  (F.) 
3Iutisme,  3Iutite.  Impossibility  of  articulating 
sounds ;  although  they  can  be  elicited.  Dumb- 
ness is  often  congenital,  and  united  with  deaf- 
ness, of  which  it  is  an  effect.  In  some  eases  it  is 
accidental. 

Mutitas  Surdo'rum,  AjjTio'jiia  Surdorum,  Sur- 
domu'titas,  Deaf-dumhness.  Speechlessness  from 
deafness  ;  congenital,  or  produced  during  infancy. 
The  subjects  of  this  affection  are  called  deaf- 
duvib,  (F.)  Sonrds-muets. 

3TUTITI:,  Mutitas. 

MUTO,  Penis. 

MUTONIATUS.  Mcmbrosus. 

3WTTERK0EN,  Ergot. 

MUTTON  TEA.  Prepared  from  a  pound  of 
mutton,  freed  from  the  fat  and  cut  into  thin  slices  ; 
and  a  pint  and  a  half  of  boiling  soft  icafer  poured 
over  them,  as  in  the  case  of  beef  tea ;  except  that 
it  requires  to  be  boiled  for  half  an  hour  after  the 
maceration,  before  it  is  strained  through  a  sieve. 

MUTUNNUS,  Priapus. 

MYACANTIIA,  Ruscus. 

MYALGIA.  Cramp. 

MYASTHENI'A,  f-om  ^ivg,  'a  muscle.'  and 
atrSfi'tim,  '  debilitv.'     Muscular  debility. 

MYCE,  Ocolui<ion. 


MYCES 


582 


MTOLEMMA 


MYCES,  Fungus. 

MYCHMUS,  Suspirium. 

MYCHTHISMUS,  Moaning,  Suspirium. 

MYCODERM'A,  My'coderm;  from  nvKr,q,  'a 
mushroom,'  and  Sspfia,  '  skin.'  A  cryptogamous 
growth,  which  constitutes  the  crusts  of  favus. 
See  Porrigo  favosa. 

Mycoderma  Cebevisi^,  Torula  cerevisise. 

MYCODES,  Fungoid. 

MYCORTHOPNCE'A;  from  [ivko;,  'mucus,' 
and  opdoTzvoia,  '  difficulty  of  breathing  except 
when  in  the  erect  attitude.'  Orthopncea  from 
excessive  secretion  of  mucus  in  the  air-passages 
— Oriho2vice'a  jiituito'sa. 

MYCOSIS,  Fungus. 

MYCTERES,  Myxse,  Nares. 

MYCTEROPHONIA,  Rhinophonia. 

MYCTEROXE'ROTES;  from  iivKTvps;,  'the 
nares,'  and  ^rjpoTrig,  '  dryness.'  Na'rium  sic'citas. 
Dryness  of  the  interior  of  the  nose. 

MYCUS,  Mucus. 

MYDE'SIS,  from  ixvSaui,  'I  abound  with  mois- 
ture.' In  its  most  general  sense,  it  means  cor- 
ru23tion.  By  some,  it  is  used  for  a  mucous  dis- 
charge from  inflamed  eyelids. 

MYDON,  jiv&iav.  Same  etymon.  Fungous  or 
putrid  flesh  in  certain  fistulous  ulcers.  —  Pollux. 
Also,  flesh  putrid  from  mouldiness. 

MYDRI'ASIS,  Platycor'ia,  Platycori'asis, 
Amydri'asis.  A  name  given  by  several  writers 
to  morbid  dilatation  of  the  pupil ;  and,  by  others, 
to  weakness  of  sight,  produced  by  hydrophthalmia; 
from  nvSoq,  'moisture.' 

MYDRIAT'ICUS,  3Iydriat'ic.  Kelating  to  or 
causing  dilatation  of  the  pupil.     Pereira. 

MYELAL'GIA;  from  nvtXog,  'the  spinal  mar- 
row,' and  aXyos,  '  pain.'  Pain  in  the  spinal  mar- 
row. 

MYELAPOPLEXIA,  Apoplexia  myelitica. 

MYELATELI'A;  from  iJiveXos,  'the  spinal 
marrow,'  and  artkcia,  'want  of  end  or  finish.' 
Incompleteness  of  the  spinal  marrow. 

MYELATROPHIA,  Tabes  dorsalis. 

3IYELITE,  Myelitis. 

MYELI'TIS,  31. parenchymato' sa,  3T.  spina' lis, 
Iiiflamma'tio  mediil'lcB  spina'lis,  Spini'tis,  Spino- 
dorsi'tis,  Notomyeli'tis,  liachiomyeli'tis,  Racliial- 
gi'tis,  (of  some,)  (F.)  Myelite,  Inflammation  de  la 
moelle  epiiniere  on  rachidienne,  from  ixvcXo;,  'the 
laarrow,'  and  itis,  denoting  inflammation.  In- 
flammation of  the  spinal  marrow  or  its  mem- 
branes ; — indicated  by  deep-seated  burning  pain 
in  the  spine,  with  various  nervous  and  vascular 
irregularities  of  function.  It  is  not  common. 
Dr.  Marshall  Hall  proposes  to  call  inflamma- 
tion of  the  membranes  of  the  brain  3feningitis j 
that  of  the  substance  of  the  brain  Myelitis. 

Myelitis  Spinalis,  Myelitis — m.  Exsiidativa, 
Hydrorachis  —  m.  Parenchymatosa,  Myelitis. 

MYELOCHYSIS,  Hydrorachis. 

MYELOGANGLIITIS,  Cholera  (sporadic.) 

MYELOMA,  see  Encephaloid. 

MYELOMALACIA,  Mollitiesmedullse  spinalis. 

MYELOMYCES,  see  Encephaloid. 

MYELON,  Medulla  spinalis. 

MYELOPARALYSIS,  Paraplegia. 

MYELOPHTHISIS,  Tabes  dorsalis— m.  Sicca, 
Tabes  mesenterica. 

MYELOPHY'MATA,  Tuber'cula  medulla:  spi- 
na'lis, from  pivuXos,  'marrow,'  and  ipv/ia,  'a tuber- 
cle.'    Tubercles  of  the  spinal  marrow. 

MYELORRHAGIA,  Apoplexia  myelitica. 

MYELOSPONGUS,  see  Encephaloid. 

MYELUS,  Marrow,  Medulla  spinalis  —  m.  Di- 
li uchcnius.  Medulla  spinalis  —  m.  Dorsites,  Me- 
dulla spinalis  —  m.  Notiajus,  Medulla  spinalis  — 
n».  Psoitej,  Medulla  spinalis. 


MYENERGI'A,  from  nv;,  'a  muscle,'  ev,  and 
cpyov,  '  work.'     Muscular  strength. 

MYGMUS,  Suspirium. 

MYIOCEPHALUM,  Staphyloma. 

MYIODEOPSIA,  Metamorphopsia. 

MYITIS,  Myositis,  Rheumatism,  acute. 

MYLACRI,  Molar  teeth. 

MYLACRIS,  Patella. 

MYLE,  Patella,  Mole. 

MYLICUS,  Molar. 

MYLODI,  Molar  teeth. 

MYLODONTES,  Molar  teeth. 

MYLO-GLOSSUS,  from  ixvXr,,  'the  jaw,' a,nd 
yXwo-o-a,  'the  tongue.'  Winslow  has  given  this 
name  to  muscular  fibres,  which  pass  from  the 
posterior  part  of  the  myloid  line  of  the  lower  jaw, 
and  from  the  sides  of  the  base  of  the  tongue  to 
the  parietes  of  the  pharynx.  These  fibres  belong 
to  the  constrictor  superior  pharyngis. 

MYLO-HYOID  LINE,  see  Mylo-hyoideus. 

Mylo-Hyoid  Furrow  or  Groove.  A  furrow 
which  passes  from  the  superior  orifice  of  the  in- 
ferior dental  canal  of  the  lower  jaw  in  the  same 
direction  as  the  canal,  and  lodges  the  mylo-hyoid 
nerve,  a  branch  of  the  inferior-dental. 

Mylo-Hyoid  Nerve,  see  Mylo-hyoid  furrow. 

MYLO-HYOIDEUS,  from  ixvXrj,  'the  jaw,'  and 
'vostir;;,  'the  OS  hyoides.'  Myluo'des,  (F.)  3Tylo- 
hydidien.  The  3fylo-phary7iffeus  of  Morgagni 
and  Santorini.  This  muscle  is  situate  at  the 
upper  and  anterior  part  of  the  neck,  behind  the 
lower  jaw.  It  is  broad,  flat,  and  has  the  form 
of  a  truncated  triangle.  It  arises  from  the  inter- 
nal oblique,  internal  maxillary  or  mylo-hyoid  line 
of  the  lower  jaw  bone,  and  is  inserted  at  the  fore 
part  of  the  body  of  the  os  hyoides.  Its  innermos'l, 
fibres  unite  with  those  of  the  opposite  side  to 
form  a  raphe  on  the  median  line.  The  mylo- 
hyoideus  raises  the  os  hyoides  and  carries  it  for^ 
ward,  or  it  depresses  the  lower  jaw. 

MYLO-PHARYNGEUS,  Constrictor  pharyn- 
gis,  Mylo-hyoideus. 

MYLUODES,  Mylo-hyoideus. 

MYOCARDITIS,  Carditis. 

MYOCEPHALI'TIS,  3fyi'ti8  cepTial'ica  ;  from 
\i.v<;,  or  ^vwv,  'a  muscle,'  Kt<pa\ri,  'head,'  and  itis, 
denoting  inflammation.  Inflammation  of  the 
muscles  of  the  head. 

MYOCEPHALON,  Staphyloma. 

MYOC(ELIAL'GIA,from/(uwv, ' muscle,' *coA<a, 
'abdomen,'  and  aXym,  'I  suffer.'  Pain  in  the 
muscles  of  the  abdomen. 

MYOCCELI'TIS,  3Iyocwlii'tis,  Inflamma'tio 
musculo' mm  ahdomina'lium,  from  ixviov,  '  muscle,' 
KoiXia,  'lower  belly,'  and  itis,  denoting  inflamma- 
tion. Inflammation  of  the  muscles  of  the  abdo- 
men. 

MYODEOP'SIA,  Metamorphopsia. 

MYO'DES,  from  /<uf,  '  a  muscle,'  and  £ii5of,  're- 
semblance.'    Like  unto  muscle.     Muscular. 

MYODESOPSIA,  Metamorphopsia. 

MYODYNA'MIA,  Vis  muscula'ris ;  from  //v;, 
'a  muscle,'  and  Swaixis,  'power.'  The  force  or 
power  of  a  muscle. 

MYODYNAMICS,  see  Muscular  contraction. 

MYODYNAMIOMETER,  Dynamometer. 

MYODYNAMOMETER,  Dynamometer. 

MYODYN'IA,  from  /tvoiv,  'muscle,'  and  oSwr;, 
'pain.'  Pain  in  the  muscles,  —  rheumatismal  or 
other.     Rheumatism.. 

Myodynia  Inflammatoria,  Myositis. 

MYOG'RAPHY,  3Tyogra'phia,  from  fivuiv, 
'muscle,'  and  ypatpuv,  'to  describe.'  An  anato- 
mical description  of  the  muscles. 

MYOLEM'MA,  3fyole'ma,  from  fivoiv,  'a  mus- 
cle,' and  At/i/ia,  '  a  coat.'     The  membranous  tube 


MYOLINE 


583 


MTEOBALANUS 


of  each  nmscular  fibre.    It  has  also  the  same  sig- 
nification as  Sarcolemma. 

MY'OLINE,  from  jivwv,  'a  muscle.'  A  name 
given  by  Mr.  Erasmus  Wilson  to  a  transparent 
Bubstance  that  fills  the  cells,  which,  he  conceives, 
by  their  juxtaposition  form  the  ultimate  muscu- 
lar fibril. 

MYOL'OGT,  3f]jolog"ia,  Sareolog'ia,  Mysiol- 
og"ia;  from  nvoiv,  'a  muscle,'  and  \oyo;,  'a  dis- 
course.' That  part  of  anatomy  ■which  treats  of 
the  muscles. 

MYON,  Muscle. 

MYONARCO'SIS,  from  //uui',  'a  muscle,'  and 
tapKri,  '  stupor.'    Numbness  of  the  muscles. 

MYONITIS,  Myositis. 

MYON'OSUS,  Myonu'sos,  Myopathi'a,  from 
livu)v,  '  a  muscle,'  and  voiro;,  '  disease.'  A  disease 
of  the  muscles. 

MYOPALMUS,  Subsultus  tendinum. 

MYOPATHIA,  Myonosus. 

MYOPE,  Myops. 

MYOPHO'NIA,  from  fjivw,  'a  muscle,'  and 
(fniivn,  'voice.*  The  sound  of  muscular  contrac- 
tion,—  as  that  of  the. ventricles  of  the  heart,  du- 
ring the  systole  of  that  organ. 

MYO'PIA,  Myopi'asis,  Luscios'itas,  Ilyo'sisy 
Paro2i'sis  propin'qua,  Amblyo'jna  dissito'rumf 
Dyso'jna  dissito'rum,  Dyspho'tia,  Visus  ju'venum, 
from  /xvd),  'I  close,'  or  from  nvs,  'a  mouse,'  and 
(Dip,  'the  eye;'  Jly'opy,  Short-sightedness,  Near- 
sightedness, House-sight,  Purhlindness,  (F.)  Vue 
coitrte.  Persons  who  can  only  see  objects  very 
near.  The  defect  is  owing  to  the  too  great  con- 
vexity of  the  eye,  or  too  great  density  of  the  hu- 
mours, and  is  palliated  by  wearing  concave  glasses. 

MYOPI'C,  Myop'ieus ;  same  etymon.  Short- 
sighted, Porehlind,  Purblind.  Relating  or  apper- 
taining to  myopia. 

MYOPODIORTHO'TICON,  from  ijlvw^,  'one 
that  is  short-sighted,'  and  iiopS-wTiKov,  'having 
power  to  correct.'  An  apparatus  for  the  cure  of 
short-sightedness. — A.  A.  Berthold. 

MYOPS,  Luscio' siis,  Myo'pus,  My'ope.  Same 
etymon.  One  afi'ected  with  myopia  or  short- 
sightedness. 

MYOPY,  Myopia. 

MYORRHEXIS,  from  y.vi,  'a  muscle,'  and 
p-n^ii,  'rupture.'     Rupture  of  a  muscle. 

MYO'SIS,  from  fivw,  '1  close.'  Hicrocor'ia. 
Smallness  of  the  pupil.  Phthi'sis  piupilla'ris. 
Permanent  contraction  of  the  pupil.  It  is  usually 
caused  by  iritis,  and  is  extremely  difQcult  to  cure. 
When  it  exists  to  such  an  extent  as  to  obliterate 
the  pupil,  it  is  called  Synizesis.  Also,  Myopia. 
'      3IY0SITJE,  Myositis. 

MYOSIT'IC;  3Iyosit'icus,  from  Ifyosis. 
Causing  contraction  of  the  pupil,  —  as  opium.  — 
Pereira. 

MYOSI'TIS,  Myi'tis,  Mysi'tis,  3fyoni'tis,Sarci'- 
tis,  Eheumatis'miis  phlegmono' des,  ilyodyn'ia  in- 
fiammato'ria,  Phlegma'sia  myo'ica,  Inflammatio 
seu  Phleg'mone  Musculo' rum,  (F.)  3Iyosite,  In- 
fiammation  des  muscles,  from  /iviav,  'a  muscle.' 
A  name  proposed  by  Sagar  for  inflammation  of 
the  muscles.     Also,  Rheumatism. 

MYOSOTIS,  Hieracium  pilosella.  Rheumatism, 
Rheumatism,  acute. 

MYOSPASMUS,  Cramp. 

MYOTIL'ITY,  MyotiVitas,  from  fiviav,  'a  mus- 
cle.'    Muscular  contractility.  —  Chaussier. 

MYOT'OMY,  Ilyotom'ia,  from  ixvwv,  'a  mus- 
cle,' and  Ttpivuv,  'to  cut.'  The  part  of  practical 
anatomy  which  treats  of  the  dissection  of  the 
muscles.  Also,  the  surgical  operation  of  the 
division  of  muscles  to  remove  deformity. 

MYOTYRBE,  Chorea. 


MYRAC'OPUM,  from  p^vpov,  'an  ointment,* 
and  Koiroj,  'fatigue.'  An  ointment  used  by  the 
ancients  in  cases  of  fatigue. 

MYREPSUS,  Unguentarius. 

MYR'IAGRAMME,  from  ixvpia,  '10,000,'  and 
ypap/ia,  'gramme.'  A  weight  equal  to  10,000 
grammes,  or  to  26  pounds,  9  ounces,  and  6 
drachms  Troy. 

MYRIAMETRE.  A  measure  of  10,000  me- 
tres ;  equal  to  16  miles,  1  furlong,  156  yards,  and 
14  inches. 

MYRICA  ASPLENIFOLIA,  Comptonia  as- 
plenifolia  —  m.  Cerifera,  see  Cera  flava  et  alba, 
and  Wax,  myrtle. 

Myri'ca  Gale,  Ifyrttta  Brahan'tica  seu  Ang'- 
lica,  3Iyri'ca  pains' tris,  Myrtifo'lia  Bel' gica, Gale, 
Gagel,  Mhus  sylves'trie,  Ac'aron,  JSlcerig'nus,  E. 
Cordo,  GhammlcBag'nus,  Bodonce' a,  Butch  myrtle, 
Sweet  gale.  Sweet  willow,  Candleherry  myrtle,  (P.) 
Piment  Poyal,  TM  de  Simon  Pauli,  Gale  odorant. 
Family,  Amentaceas.  Sex.  Syst.  Dioecia  Tetran- 
dria.  The  leaves,  flowers,  and  seeds  have  a 
strong,  fragrant  smell,  and  a  bitter  taste.  They 
are  used  for  destroying  moths  and  cutaneous  in- 
sects. The  infusion  is  given  internally  as  a  sto- 
machic and  vermifuge. 

Myeica  Palustris,  M.  Gale. 

MYRINGA,  see  Tympanum. 

MYRINGI'TIS,  Injlamma'tio  tym'pani ;  from 
3Iyringa,  '  the  membrana  tympani ;'  and  itis,  de- 
noting inflammation.  Inflammation  of  the  mem- 
brana tympani;  and,  also,  of  the  tympanum. 

MYRINX,  see  Tympanum. 

MYRIS,  3/yrothe'ce,  NartTie'cia,  Narthe' cittm, 
Narthex,  from  pvpov,  '  a  perfumed  oil  or  ointment.' 
A  perfumed  oil  or  ointment  box  or  jar. 

MYRIS'TICA,  31.  3foscha'ta,  31.  aromat'ica  seu 
officina'lis  seu  fragrans,  Comacon.  Nat.  Ord. 
MyristiceEe.  The  tree  which  produces  the  nut- 
meg and  mace.  (F.)  Muscadier.  The  Nutmeg, 
ilyristica,  (Ph.  U.  S.)  Myris'ticce  nu' cleiis,  3Iyris' - 
ticce  moscha'tcB  nu'clens,  Nux  moseha'ta  seu  un- 
guenta'ria,  Nucis'ta,  Nux  myris'tica,  GhrysohaV- 
anus  Gale'ni,  Unguenta'ria,  As'sala,  Nux  aro- 
mat'ica, (F.)  3Iuscade,  is  the  seed  or  kernel.  It 
has  a  fragrant,  aromatic  odour;  an  agreeable  pun- 
gent taste,  and  is  much  used  for  culinary  pur- 
poses. Alcohol  extracts  its  active  matter.  Ithaa 
the  properties  of  aromatics  in  general ;  being  sti- 
mulant and  stomachic.  The  oil — O'leum  myris'- 
ticce,— possesses  the  virtues  of  the  nutmeg.  Dose 
of  the  nutmeg,  gr.  v.  to  ^  j ; — of  the  oil  gtt.  iij  to 
gtt.  vj.  _ 

3Iaee,  3Iacis,  3face8,  Flores  macia  seu  ma'cidos, 
(P.)  Fleurs  de  muscade,  is  the  involucrum  of  the 
fruit.  It  is  membranous,  with  the  odour  and  taste 
of  the  nutmeg,  and  is  possessed  of  similar  quali- 
ties. The  O'leum  macis  is  a  fragrant,  sebaceous 
substance,  expressed  in  the  East  Indies.  It  i3 
only  used  externally. 

MYRISTICiE  NUCLEUS,  see  Myristica  mos- 

MYRMECIA,  Formica. 

MYRMECIASIS,  Convulsio  cerealis.  Formi- 
cation. 

MYRMECIASMUS,  Convulsio  cerealis,  For- 
mication. 

MYRMECISMUS,  Convulsio  cerealis,  Formi- 
cation. 

MYRMECIZON,  Formicant. 

MYRMEGOSIS,  Convulsio  cerealis,  Formica- 
tion. 

MYRMEX,  Formica. 

MYROBAL'ANUS,  from  fivpov,  'an  ointment,' 
and  jSaXavos,  '  a  nut ;'  so  called,  because  formerly 
used  in  ointment;  Angeloc'acos,3fyro'balan,Gtan/i 
unguenta'ria,  Palma   ungucntariu' rum.     A  dried 


MYRON 


584 


MYURUS 


Indian  fruit,  of  the  plum  kind,  of  different  species 
of  Termina'lia.  Of  this  there  are  several  varie- 
ties— the  JA  Bellir'ica  or  Belliric  myrohalan,  Bel- 
legu,  Bellengi,  Bclnileg  ;  —  the  M.  cheb'ula  or 
Chebule  myroh'alan ;  the  M.  cit'rina  or  Yellow 
myrohcdan,  Ara'ra;  the  M.  Em'hlica  or  emhlic 
myrohalan,  and  the  M.  Tii'dica,  As'uar,  Indian 
or  Black  myrohalan.  All  the  myrobalans  have 
an  unpleasant,  bitterish,  very  austere  taste:  and 
strike  an  inky  blackness  with  a  solution  of  steel. 
They  are  said  to  possess  laxative  as  well  as  as- 
tringent properties. 

MYRON,  Mynim,  Unguentum. 

MYROPISSOCE'RON.  A  topical  application 
in  alopecia,  referred  to  by  Galen  ;  from  nvpov, 
'ointment,'  iriaaa,  'pitch,'  and  Krjpo;,  'wax.' 

MYROPCEUS,  Unguentarius. 

MYROPOLES,  Apothecary,  Unguentarius. 

MYROSPERMUM  FRUTESCENS,  Myroxy- 
lum  Peruiferum — m.  Peruiferum,  see  Myroxylon 
Peruiferum. 

MYROXYLON,  see  M.  Peruiferum. 

Myrox'tlon  Peruif'erum,  Myrosperm'iiin 
fnites'cens,  from  jjivpov,  'an  ointment,'  and  ^vXov, 
'wood;'  Caburei'ba.  A^af.  Orrf.  Leguminosse.  The 
tree  which  affords  the  Peru'vian  balsam,  BaV- 
snmum  Peruvia'mim.,  Putzochill,  Myrox'yli  Perui- 
feri  baV samum,  Myrox'ylon,  Balsammn  Penia'- 
nnm,  Cabureiciba,  Indian,  Mexican,  or  American 
balsam,  (F.)  Baume  de  Perou.  This  balsam  con- 
sists of  benzoic  acid,  resin,  and  essential  oil.  Its 
odour  is  fragrant  and  aromatic ;  taste  hot  and 
bitter :  it  is  soluble  in  alcohol,  and  miscible  in 
water  by  the  aid  of  mucilage.  It  is  stimulant  and 
tonic,  and  considered  to  be  expectorant :  as  such, 
it  has  been  employed  in  paralysis,  chronic  asthma, 
chronic  bronchitis  and  rheumatism,  gleet,  leu- 
corrhoea,  &c.,  and  externally,  for  cleansing  and 
stimulating  foul  indolent  ulcers.     Dose  gtt.  v  to 

gtt.  XXX. 

White  Balsam  of  Peru,  Natural  balsam,  BaV- 
eamiim  album,  Styrax  alba,  BalsamelcBon,  is  ob- 
tained by  incision  from  Myrosper' mum  peruif- 
erum. 

Myroxylon  Toluiferum,  ToluiferaBalsamum. 

MYRRHA,  Heb.  ID ;  Bola,  Stacte,  Ergas'ma, 
Myrrh,  Calo'nia,  Smyrna,  Myrrha  rubra,  (F.) 
Myrrhe.  The  exuda.tion  of  an  unknown  plant  of 
Abyssinia  or  Arabia  Felix,  said  to  be  the  Bal- 
samaden'dron  myrrha.  This  gum -resin  has  a 
fragrant,  i^eculiar  odour ;  and  bitter  aromatic 
taste.  It  is  in  reddish-yellow,  light,  brittle,  irre- 
gular .tears  ;  partially  soluble  in  distilled  water 
when  aided  by  friction.  S.  G.  1.360.  It  is  stimu- 
lant; and  has  been  used  in  cachectic  affections, 
humoral  asthma,  chronic  bronchitis,  &c.  Dose, 
gr.  x  to  5j. 

Myrrha  Imperfecta,  Bdellium. 

MYRRHINE,  Myrtus. 

MYRRHIS  ANNUA,  Athamanta  Cretensis  — 
m.  Major,  ChaDrophyllum  odoratum — m.  Odorata, 
Chferophyllum  odoratum. 

MYRSINE,  Myrtus. 

MYRSINELiE'ON,  from  ^^vpmvt,,  'the myrtle,' 
And  tXaiov,  'oil.'     Oil  of  myrtle.  —  Dioscorides. 

MYRSINI'TES,  ixvpaiv'tTTj?.  AVine  in  which 
branches  of  myrtle  have  been  macerated. 

MYRTACANTHA,  Ruscus. 

MYRTE  COMMUN,  Myrtus. 

MYRTID'ANON,  jivpniavov.  An  excrescence, 
growing  on  the  trunk  of  the  myrtle,  and  used  as 
an  astringent.  Also,  a  wine  —  Viniim  Myrtid'- 
aiium  — made  from  wild  myrtle  berries. 

MYRTIFOLIA  BELGICA.  Myrica  gale. 

MYR'TIFORM,  Myrtiform'is,  Mijrto'dcs,  from 
myrtus,  'a  myrtle,'  and  forma,  'shape.'  Having 
tiie  shape  of  a  leaf  of  myrtle.     A  name  given  to 


a  muscle  (depressor  alae  nasi),  to  the  fossa  inci- 
siva;  and  to  certain  caruncles,  &o. 

MYRTIFORMIS,  Compressor  naris,  Depressol 
alse  nasi. 

MYRTI'TES.  A  name  given  to  a  medicine 
prepared  with  honey  and  myrtle  berries. 

MYRTLE,  Myrtus — m.  Berry,  Vacciniummyr- 
tillus  —  m.  Candleberry,  Myrica  gale  —  m.  Dutch, 
Myrica  gale — m.  Wild,  Ruscus. 

MYRTOCHEILIDES,  Nymphse. 

MYRTOGHILA,  Nymphs. 

MYRTODES,  Myrtiform. 

MYRTON,  Clitoris. 

MYRTUS,  Myr'tus  commu'nis,  3f.  communis 
Ital'ica,  Myrsi'ne,  Myrrhi'ne,  The  Myrtle,  (F.) 
Myrte  Commun.  The  berries  of  this  plant  have 
been  recommended  in  alvine  and  uterine  fluxes 
and  other  disorders  of  relaxation  and  debility. 
They  are  moderately  astringent  and  somewhat 
aromatic. 

Myrtus  Anglica,  Myrica  gale  —  m.  Braban- 
tica,  Myrica  gale. 

Myrtus  Caryophylla'ta,  Calyptran'thes  ca- 
ryophylla'ta.  Cassia  caryopliylla' ta,  Canel'la  ca- 
ryophyllata,  (F.)  Capelet,  Cannelle  giro  flee.  The 
tree  which  is  considered  to  afford  the  Clove  bark; 
Cortex  caryop)hylla'tus  seu  caryojjhyllata.  This 
bark  is  a  warm  aromatic ;  resembling  clove  with 
an  admixture  of  cinnamon.  It  may  be  used  with 
the  same  views  as  cloves  or  cinnamon. 

Myrtus  Caryophyllus,  Eugenia  caryophyl- 
lata — m.  Leucodendron,  Melaleuca  cajaputi. 

Myrtus  Pimen'ta.  The  tree  which  bears  the 
Jamaica  pepper,  Pimen'ta  bacca,  Pimento  ber- 
ries. Pimento,  Pipter  caryophylla'tiim,  Coc'cvli  Indi 
aromat'ici.  Piper  chia'jicB,  Amo'mum  pimenta, 
Friictus  pimenti,  Carive,  Caryophyl'lus  America'- 
nus  seu  Pimen'ta,  Piper  odora'tum  Jamaicen' se, 
Allspice,  Piper  Jamaicen' se,  Piper  tabas'cum,  (F.) 
Poivre  de  Jamaique,  Toute  epice,  Assourou.  The 
unripe  berries  —  Pimenta  (Ph.  U.  S.)  —  have  an 
aromatic  odour ;  resembling  a  mixture  of  cinna- 
mon, nutmeg,  and  cloves ;  the  taste  is  pungent, 
but  mixed,  like  the  odour.  Like  other  peppers, 
this  is  stimulant  and  carminative.  The  oil  — 
O'leum  Pimen'ta  —  possesses  the  virtues  of  the 
berries.  The  powdered  fruit  has  been  called 
Quatre  epices  or  Eottr   spices.      Dose  gr.  v  to 

MYRUM,  Myron,  ixvpov.  A  perfumed  oil  or 
ointment.  A  liquid  perfume.  The  spontaneously 
exuding  juice  of  many  plants,  especially  of  that 
from  which  myrrh  is  obtained. 

MYS,  Muscle. 

MYSIOLOGIA,  Myology. 

MYSITIS,  Myositis. 

MYSTAX,  Mastax.  The  hair  growing  on  each 
side  of  the  upper  lip  in  men.  The  mustache  or 
mustachio,  (F.)  Moustache.     Also,  the  upper  lip. 

MYSTE'RION,  nvarripiov,  'a  mystery.'  An 
arcanum,  nostrum,  or  secret  preparation  in  gene- 
ral. Also,  an  antidote  referred  to  by  Galen  and 
others. 

MYSTRON,  fivarpov.  A  Greek  measure,  which 
held  about  three  drachms. 

MYT'ILUS  EDU'LIS.  The  common  mussel, 
(F.)  Moide.  A  bivalve,  the  flesh  of  which,  when 
at  all  in  a  state  of  decomposition,  is  highly  poi- 
sonous. When  fresh,  it  is  an  agreeable,  but  not 
very  digestible  article  of  diet. 

MYU'RUS,  Meiu'ros.  A  pulse  is  so  called 
when  it  sinks  progressively  and  becomes  smaller 
and  smaller  like  a  rat's  tail;  from  jivs,  'rat,' 
and  ovpa,  '  tail.'  Pulsus  myurus  rccip'rocns,  a 
pulse,  which,  after  having  become  gradually 
weaker,  resumes,  by  degrees,  its  former  cha- 
racter. 


MYXA 


585 


NANUS 


MYXA,  Mucus,  Sebestina. 

MYX^,  Mycteres. 

MYXEOSIS,  Gonorrhoea  impura. 

MYXODES,  Mueiform. 

MYXOR'RHOOS,  fiv^opooo;,  from  /jt|a,  'mu- 
cus,' and  pcu),  'I  flow.'  One  who  is  subject  to 
mucous  discharge.     Applied  to  an  infant,  that 


discharges  a  considerable  quantity  of  mucus  and 
saliva. 

MYXOSARCO'MA,  from  tiv^a,  'mucus,'  and 
cafi^,  'flesh.'  A  tumour  which  is  mucocarneoua  / 
partly  mucous  and  partly  fleshy. 

MYXOTER,  Nasus. 

MYZESIS,  Sucking. 


]sr. 


N".  This  letter,  in  prescriptions,  is  an  abridg- 
ment of  Numero,  'by  number.' 

NAB'ALUS  ALBUS,  Prenan'thes  serpenfa'ria, 
White  Lettuce,  Lion's  Foot,  Rattlesnake' s  Master, 
Rattlesnake  root.  An  indigenous  plant,  of  the 
order  Composita3,  which,  with  several  other  spe- 
cies of  the  genus,  is  reputed  to  possess  the  power 
of  cui-ing  the  bites  of  serpents.  The  root  has 
been  used  in  dysentery. 

NABOT,  Saccharum  candidum. 

NABO'THI  GLAN'DUL^,  O'vula  seu  Ova 
N'ahofhi  sen  Nabothi a' na,  Ova'rium  Nabothi,  Fol- 
li'culi  rotun'di  et  ohlon'gi,  Vesic'ulcB  seu  BullcB 
rotun'd(B  cervi'cis  ti'teri,  Yesic'idm  semina'les  mu- 
Ue'ruvi,  Cor'pora  gloho'sa,  Corpus'cida  gloho'sa, 
Glandulm  seu  Hydat'ides  cervi'cis  vteri.  Small, 
mucous  crypts  or  follicles  situate  in  the  interstices 
of  the  duplicatures  of  the  lining  membrane  of 
the  cervix  uteri.  Naboth,  from  noticing  them  in 
a  morbid  condition,  mistook  them  for  ova  ;  and 
hence  they  received  the  name  Ovula  Nnhothi. 

NACRA,  Xakra,  Naaa.  A  kind  of  influenza 
common  in  the  East  Indies. 

NACRE,  Margaritaceous. 

NACREOUS,  Margaritaceous. 

NiEVI,  see  Nsevus. 

N^VUS,  Plural  Navi ;  Ncbvus  mater'nus,  N. 
Sigil'lum,  Nota  mater'na.  Nevus,  Mac'idce  matri'- 
cis,  M.  3Iater'ncB  seu  matrica'les,  NotcB  infan'tum. 
Lupus  varico'sus,  Stig'mata,  Metrocel'ides,  Con- 
gen'itm  notes,  Mother's  Marks,  Fancy  marks,  Mo- 
ther's spots,  (F.)  Envie,  Tache  de  Naissance. 
Spots  of  various  kinds  on  the  skin  of  children 
when  born,  which  have  been  attributed  to  the 
influence  of  the  maternal  imagination  on  the 
fcetus  in  utero.  They  are  of  various  appearances, 
some  much  better  supplied  with  blood  than 
others.  Some  are  merely  superficial  or  stain-like 
spots:  others  are  prominent;  and  often  have 
long,  irregular  hairs  growing  from  them.  These 
have  usually  been  called  Moles,  Spill,  Spilo'ma, 
Epichro' ses  spili,  &o. 

AVhen  neevi  are  superficial,  without  any  dispo- 
sition to  enlarge  or  spread,  they  need  not  be 
meddled  with  :  but  all  those  that  partake  of  the 
character  of  aneurism  by  anastomosis  had  better 
be  removed,  where  practicable. 

NiEvus  SiGiLLTJM,  Nsevus. 

NAFDA,  Naphtha. 

NAIL,  Sax.  nsesl,  (G.)  Nagel,  Unguis,  Onyx, 
(F.)  Ongle.  A  whitish  transparent  substance, 
similar  to  horn,  which  covers  the  dorsal  extremity 
of  the  fingers.  Three  portions  are  distinguished 
in  it;  the  extremity,  which  is  free,  at  the  end  of 
the  finger ; — the  body  or  middle  portion  adherent 
by  its  inner  surface ;  and  the  root,  Radix  seu 
Matrix  unguis,  In'timum  unguis.  The  last  pre- 
sents two  distinct  parts  ;  the  one,  terminated  by 
a  thin,  serrated  edge,  is  buried  in  a  duplicature 
of  the  skin ;  the  other,  called  Lu'nida  seu  Semi- 
lu'nula  seu  Sele'ne  seu  Arctic  seu  Exor'tit^  seu 
Anat'ole  seu  Albe'do  un'guium,  is  whitish  and  of 


a  semilunar  shape,  and  is  situate  above  the  part 
where  the  epidermis  terminates.  The  nails  are 
composed  of  a  horny  tissue,  of  the  same  nature 
as  that  which  forms  the  hoofs,  horns,  and  scales 
of  different  animals.  When  the  nail  has  been 
torn  off,  the  papillae  of  the  skin  become  covered 
by  a  soft,  whitish  lamina,  whose  consistence  gra- 
dually augments.  New  laminse  are  then  formed 
underneath,  and  give  the  nail  the  thickness  it 
ought  to  possess.  The  corneous  substance,  being 
thus  constantly  produced  at  the  extremity  of  each 
of  these  laminse,  the  whole  of  the  nail  is  pushed 
forwards,  and  it  would  grow  indefinitely,  were  it 
not  cut  or  worn  by  friction. 

The  nails  protect  and  support  the  extremities 
of  the  fingers  against  the  impression  of  hard 
bodies.  They  are,  also,  useful  in  laying  hold  of 
small  bodies ;  and  dividing  those  that  have  but 
little  consistence. 

NAIN,  Nanus. 

NAKRA,  Nacra. 

NANNARI,  Hemidesmus  Indicus. 

NANNYBERRY,  Viburnum  lentago. 

NANOCEPH'ALUS,  from  vavo?,  'a  dwarf,'  and 
Ki:<pa\i],  'head.'  A  monstrous  state  in  which  the 
whole  head  or  certain  of  its  parts  are  too  small, 
whilst  the  trunk  and  extremities  are  normal. 

NANOCOR'MUS,  from  vavo?,  'a  dwarf,'  and 
Kopftog,  'a  trunk.'  A  monstrous  condition  in 
which  the  trunk  is  too  small,  whilst  the  head 
possesses  its  normal  size. 

NANOM'ELUS,  from  vavog,  'a  dwarf,'  and 
fieXos,  '  a  limb.'  A  monstrous  condition  in  which 
some  part  of  an  extremity  is  too  small,  and  tno 
whole  limb  too  short. 

NANOSO'MUS,  from  vavog,  'a  dwarf,'  and 
o-dJ/Ku,  '  body.'  Dwarf 'ishness.  A  state  in  whien 
the  entire  body  with  all  its  parts  is  smaller  than 
common. 

NANUS,  Pumil'io,  Pu'milo,  Pusrl'lus,  '  a 
dwarf.'  [Pu'milns,  Pumi'lius,  'dwarfisu.)  (F.) 
Nain.  One  who  is  much  below  the  visual  stature. 
The  term  is  applicable  to  all  organized  beings 
from  man  to  the  vegetable.  Trees  have  their 
dwarfs,  as  the  human  species  have  theirs.  Some 
curious  autlienticated  instances  of  human  dwarfs 
are  on  record.  Bebe,  the  dwarf  of  Stanislaus, 
king  of  Poland,  was  33  inches  (French)  long, 
and  well  proportioned.  The  Polish  nobleman, 
Borwlaski,  who  was  well  made,  clever,  and  a 
good  linguist,  measured  28  Paris  inches.  He  had 
a  brother,  34  inches  high,  and  a  sister  21.  A 
Friesland  peasant,  at  26  years  of  age,  had  at- 
tained 29  Amsterdam  inches.  C.  H.  Stoberin, 
of  Niirnberg,  was  under  three  feet  high  at  20, 
yet  he  was  well  proportioned  and  possessed  of 
talents.  General  Tom  Thumb,  so  called,  wa^i 
seen  by  the  Author  in  1847.  He  was  said  tc  be 
15  years  old;  measured  28  inches  in  height,  and 
when  weighed  at  the  mint  was  found  to  weigh 
20  pounds  and  2  ounces.     See  Pygmy. 


NAPE 


586 


NAEDUS 


KAPE  OF  THE  NECK,  Nucha. 

NAPELLUS  VERUS,  Aconitum  na.pellua. 

NAPH^  FLORES,  see  Citrus  aurantium. 

NAPHTHA,  Acetone. 

Naphtha,  Nafda,  Nfjpta,  Napta'Uiis,  O'leum 
petrcB  albmn;  from  a  Chaldaic  and  Syriac  word 
signifying  bitumen.  A  bituminous  substance, 
found  in  Persia,  Calabria,  Sicily,  Ac.  It  is 
liquid,  limpid,  of  a  yellowish  white  colour,  a 
smell  slightly  resembling  that  of  oil  of  turpen- 
tine, and  lighter  than  water.  It  resembles  pe- 
troleum in  its  properties,  and  has  been  chiefly 
used  as  an  external  application ;  although,  occa- 
sionally, as  an  anthelmintic,  and  in  inhalation  in 
phthisis  pulmonalis. 

Naphtha,  Coal  Tar,  Light,  see  Anaesthetic. 

Naphtha  Vitrioli,  ^ther  sulphuricus — n. 
Vitrioli  eamphorata,  Tinetura  setherea  campho- 
rata — n.  Vitrioli  martialis,  Tinetura  seu  Alcohol 
sulphurico-Eethereus  ferri  —  n.  Wood,  Acetone. 

NAPH'THALINE,  NaphthaW na,  NapVtTialin. 
When  coal-tar  is  subjected  to  distillation,  naph- 
thaline passes  oyer  after  coal  naphtha.  It  is  a 
white,  shining,,  concrete,  crystalline  substance, 
fusible  at  176°  and  boiling  at  423°.  It  is  soluble 
in  alcohol,  ether,  naphtha  and  the  oils,  but  inso- 
luble in  water.  It  has  been  used  as  an  excitant 
expectorant,  in  the  dose  of  8  to  30  grains,  in 
emulsion  or  syrup,  and  repeated.  It  has  also 
been  used  as  an  anthelmintic;  and,  when  made 
into  an  ointment,  in  psoriasis,  lepra  vulgaris,  <icc. 

NAPIFORM,  Bunioid. 

NAPIUM,  Lapsana,  Sinapis. 

NAPLES,  (CLIMATE  OF.)  The  climate  of 
Naples  in  its  general  characters  resembles  that 
of  Nice,  but  it  is  more  changeable :  the  sirocco 
too,  wh'.ch  is  little  known  in  Nice,  is  severely  felt 
at  Naples.  It  is  not  a  good  residence  for  the 
phthisical  invalid:  Sir  James  Clark,  indeed,  con- 
siders it  altogether  unsuitable. 

Naples,  Mineral  Waters  of.  In  the  Quarter 
Santa  Lucia,  near  the  coast,  is  a  cold  spring,  rich 
in  sulphuretted  hydrogen  and  carbonic  acid.  It 
is  much  used  as  an  aperient  tonic,  and  in  cutane- 
ous affections. 

Naples  Water,  Factit"ioiis,  (F.)  Eau  de 
Naptles,  Aqua  Neapolita'nn,  Aqua  acid'tda  liy- 
drosulphura'ta.  (Acidulous  toafer,  containing 
four  times  its  bulk  of  carbonic  acid,  §xv,  and 
giij ;  hi/drosul2}huretted  water,  ^ix ;  carbonate  of 
soda,  gr.  viij  :  carbonate  of  magnesia,  gr.  x.  M. 
Ph.  P.) 

NAPTA,  Nanus,  Nata. 

NAPTALIUS,  Nanus. 

NAPUS,  Sinapis  —  n.  Leucosinapis,  Sinapis 
alba  —  n.  Sylvestris,  Brassica  napus. 

NAPY,  Sinapis. 

NARVAPHTE,  Thymiama. 

NARCAPH'THON,  Nascaph'tJion.  The  bark 
of  an  aromatic  tree  formerly  brought  from  India. 
By  some,  supposed  to  bo  that  of  the  tree  which 
affords  the  olibanum.  It  was  used  in  fumigation, 
in  diseases  of  the  lungs. 

NARCE,  Narcosis. 

NARCEMA,  Narcosis. 

NARCESIS,  Narcosis. 

NAIiCISSE  FAUX,  Narcissus  pseudo-narcis- 
sus— n.  des  Pres,  Narcissus  pseudo-narcissus — n. 
Sauvage,  Narcissus  pseudo-narcissus. 

NARCIS'SUS  PSEUDO-NARCIS'SUS,  N. 
feata'lis  sou  glaucua  seu  grandijlo' rue  seu  Ms- 
pan  'icus  seu  major  seu  serra  'tus  seu  sylves'tria, 
Bulboco' dium.  Pseudo-narcissus,  Daffodil,  (P.) 
Narcisse  sauvage,  Narcisse  des  pris,  Faux  nar- 
cisse.  The  root  is  emetic  and  cathartic,  in  the 
dose  of  ^ij.  The  flowers  are  antispasmodic. 
Dose,  24  grains. 

NARCODES,  Narcotize-L, 


NARCO'SIS,  Nar'cotism,  Narce,  Narca, 
Narce'mu,  Narce'sis,  from  rapKoo>,  '1  benumb.' 
Torpe'do,  Torpor,  Stupor,  Stupefac'tio.  The  ag- 
gregate effects  produced  by  narcotic  substances. 
At  times,  narcotism  is  confined  to  a  state  of  more 
or  less  profound  stupor;  and  constitutes,  in  cer- 
tain cases,  a  useful  remedial  condition;  at  others, 
it  is  a  true  poisoning,  characterized  by  vertigo, 
nausea,  a  state  of  intoxication  or  apoplexy,  con- 
stant delirium,  convulsive  motions,  &c.  Emetics 
in  strong  doses,  and  not  much  diluted  with  wa- 
ter ;  purgatives  and  glysters  are  the  first  means 
to  be  used  in  this  condition.  The  stupor  may 
afterwards  be  combated  by  the  use  of  exciting 
and  stimulating  drinks. 

Narcosis  FoLLicuLo'Ruir.  A  state  of  the 
scalp,  which  Mr.  Erasmus  Wilson  conceives  to 
be  dependent  upon  torpid  action  of  the  hair  fol- 
licles, and  in  which  the  scalp  and  hair  are  found 
covered  with  a  yellowish,  dirty-looking  powder, 
composed  of  an  admixture  of  granular  particles 
and  furfuraceous  scales. 

NARCOSPAS'MUS,  from  vapxv,  '  stupor,'  and 
airaajiog,  '  spasm.'     Stupor  combined  with  spasm. 

NARCOTIA,  Narcotine. 

NARCOTIC  POISON,  see  Poison. 

NARCOTICO-ACRID,  see  Poison. 

NARCOT'ICS,  Narcot'ica,  Carot'ica,  Ohstu- 
pefacien'tia,  Stupefaeieji' tia,  Stupefa'cients,  (F.) 
Stupefactifs,  Stupejiants.  Same  etymon.  Sub- 
stances, which  have  the  property  of  stupefying; 
—  as  opium,  stramonium,  hyoscyamus,  bella- 
donna, &c.  They  are  used  in  medicine  as 
soothing  agents;  exerting  their  special  influence 
on  the  brain  and  tubular  matter  of  the  spinal 
marrow.  In  small  doses,  as  a  general  rule, 
narcotics  stimulate ;  in  large,  they  act  as  seda- 
tives. The  following  is  a  list  of  the  chief  narco- 
tics : —  Aconitum,  Jitherea,  Belladonna,  Cam- 
phora.  Cannabis,  Conium,  Digitalis,  Humulus, 
Hyoscyamus,  Lactucarium,  Opium  and  Morphia, 
Stramonii  Folia,  Stramonii  Semina,  Mental  Nar- 
cotics, (Appropriate  Music,  Monotonous  sounds, 
or  any  succession  of  monotonous  impressions.) 

NAPt'COTINE,  Narcoti'na,  Narcot'ia,  Narco- 
tin,  Anarcoti'na,  Opia'num ;  same  etymon  ;  (F.) 
Sel  de  Derosne,  Opiane,  Sel  d'opium,  Principe 
crystallizable  de  Derosne.  A  solid,  white,  inodo- 
rous, and  insipid  substance;  by  some  considered 
to  be  alkaloid;  by  others  neuter;  crystallizable 
in  straight  prisms  with  a  rhomboidal  base ;  fusi- 
ble like  the  fats ;  soluble  in  boiling  alcohol  and 
ether,  and  scarcely  soluble  in  water.  Narcotine 
produces  all  the  unpleasant  effects  of  opium ;  but, 
at  the  same  tin»e,  throws  the  animal  into  a  state 
of  stupor.  It  is  not  used  in  medicine,  on  account 
of  these  objections.  The  salts,  which  are  very 
bitter,  have  been  used  successfully  in  India  for 
the  cure  of  intermittents. 

NARCOTISM,  Narcosis. 

NAR'COTIZED,  Tor'2ndus,  Narco'des.  Af- 
fected with  stupor,  as  from  the  use  of  a  narcotic. 

NARD,  CELTIC,  Valeriana  Celtiea— n.  In- 
dica,  Nardus  Indica — n.  Indien,  Nardus  Indica — 
71.  Indique,  Nardus  Indica — n.  Petit,  Aralia  nudi- 
caulis — n.  Sauvage,  Asamm. 

NARDUM  GALLICUM,  Valeriana  Celtiea. 

NARDUS  AMERICANUS,  Aralia  nudicaulis 
— n.  Celtiea,  Valeriana  Celtiea — n.  Montana,  Asa- 
rum. 

Nardus  In'dica,  Spica  nardi,  Spica  In'dica, 
Andropo'gon  nardus  seu  citriodo'rvs,  Indian 
nurd.  Spikenard.  The  root  of  this  plant  is  one 
of  the  ingredients  in  the  mithridate  and  thcriaca. 
It  is  moderately  warm  and  pungent,  and  has  a 
flavour  by  no  means  disagreeable.  It  is  used  by 
the  Orientals  as  a  sp'ce  :  —  (F.)  IS^ard  IiHlicn,  N. 
Indique.     An  ointment  was  formerly  used,  called 


NAEES 


'587 


NASAL 


Unguen'titm  nardi'num.  It  was  prepared  of  Nard, 
Malahathrum  leaves,  Oil  of  worms,  Gostus,  Amo- 
mxini,  Myrrh,  &e.,  and  was  used  as  a  detergent. 
Nardus  Rustica,  Asarum. 
NARES,  Rhines,  Cav'itas  Na'rium,  Cavum  seu 
Ca'vea  seu  Gaver'na  na'rium,  Nasus  inter'nus, 
Hycte'res,  Na'rium  ad'itus,  Ocheteu'mata.  The 
nostrils,  (P.)  Narines.  Two  elliptical  apertures, 
situate  beneath  the  nose,  and  separated  from 
each  other  by  the  cartilaginous  si<^tum  seu  co- 
lum'na  nasi.  These  apertures  are  continually 
open,  and  give  passage  to  the  air  we  breathe,  and 
to  the  mucous  fluids  secreted  in  the  nasal  fossae. 
Naees  Interna,  Nasal  fosste. 
Nares  Posterior,  Nares  postre'ma,  Extre'- 
m(B  nares,  Os'tia  posterio'ra  seu  Choa'ncB  na'- 
rium, Na'rium  Ex'itus,  (F.)  Arrieres  narines,  Ou- 
vertures  posterieures  des  fosses  nasal.es,  are  the 
posterior  apertures  of  the  nasal  cavities,  which 
establish  a  communication  between  those  cavities 
and  the  pharynx.  They  are  bounded,  above,  by 
the  body  of  the  sphenoid  bone ;  heloio,  by  the 
palate  bone,  and  the  base  of  the  velum  pendu- 
lum ;  and,  on  the  outside,  by  the  internal  ala  of 
the  pterygoid  process.  They  are  separated  from 
each  other  by  a  septum,  of  which  the  vomer  is 
the  bony  part. 

NARIFUSO'RIA,  from  nares,  'the  nostrils,' 
Rxx6.  fundere,  fusum,  'to  pour,'     Medicine  dropt 
into  the  nostrils. 
NARINES,  Nares. 

NARIUM  ADITUS,  Nares— n.  Siccitas,  Myc- 
teroxerotes. 

NARTHECIA,  Formulary,  Myris. 
NARTHECIUM,  Formulary,  Myris. 
NARTHBX,    Formulary,    Myris,    Splint  — n. 
Asafoetida,  see  Asafoetida. 
NASA,  Nacra,  Nata. 

NASAL,  Nasa'lis,  from  nasus,  'the  nose.' 
That  which  relates  to  the  nose. 

Nasal  Artery.  This  is  the  largest  of  the  two 
branches  in  which  the  ophthalmic  artery  termi- 
nates. It  issues  from  the  orbit,  above  the  tendon 
of  the  orbicularis  palpebrarum,  passes  above  the 
side  of  the  root  of  the  nose,  and  anastomoses  with 
the  last  extremity  of  the  facial.  Haller  gave  the 
name  nasal  to  the  spheno-palatine.  He  also 
called  the  dorsales  nasi,  furnished  by  the  exter- 
nal maxillary,  Nasa'les  latera'les. 

Nasal  Bones,  Ossanasi,  Ossanasa'lia,  Ossic'- 
vla  nasi,  Ossa  maxil'lm  svperio'ris  quarta  seu 
quinta  seu  senun'da,  (F.)  Os  nasaux,  Os  jiropres 
du  nez.  These  bones  are  situate  beneath  the 
nasal  notch  of  the  os  frontis,  and  occupy  the 
space  between  the  nasal  or  angular  processes  of 
the  superior  maxillary  bone.  Their  shape  is 
nearly  quadrilateral.  They  have  an  external  or 
cutaneous  surface,  an  internal  or  nasal,  and  four 
margins.  Each  is  articulated  with  its  fellow, 
with  the  OS  frontis,  ethmoid,  and  superior  maxil- 
lary bones.     They  ossify  from  a  single  point. 

Nasal  Car'tilage,  Cartila'go  triangula'ris 
Nasi.  A  cartilage  formed  of  three  portions, 
which  unite  at  the  dorsum  nasi,  and  are  distin- 
guished into  the  cartilage  of  the  septum,  and  the 
lateral  cartilages.  This  cartilage  is  continuous, 
above,  with  the  ossa  nasi,  and,  inferiorhj,  with 
membranous  fibro-cartilages,  which  form  the  sup- 
ple and  movable  part  of  the  nostrils.  They  are 
two  in  number — the  one  before,  the  other  behind. 
Nasal  Duct,  Lachrymal  duct  —  n.  Eminence, 
Mesophryon. 

Nasal  FosSjE,  Cavi  na'rium,  Nares  inter'na. 
Two  large,  anfractuous  cavities,  situate  between 
the  orbits  below  the  cranium,  and  lined  by 
the  pituitary  or  Schneiderian  membrane.  These 
cavities  have  no  communication  with  each  other; 
but  the  various  sinuses  in  the  neighbouring  bones 


— the  ethmoidal,  sphenoidal,  superior  maxillary, 
&c.  —  all  communicate  with  them.  The  general' 
cavity  of  each  nostril  is  divided  by  the  ossa  spon- 
giosa  into  three  meatus  or  passages,  which  run 
from  before  backwards.  1.  The  Ilcatus  narixim 
supe'rior,  placed  at  the  upper,  inner,  and  back 
part  of  the  superior  spongy  bone.  2.  The  3Iea- 
tiis  me'dius,  situate  between  the  superior  and  in- 
ferior spongy  bones ;  and  3.  The  Meatus  infe'- 
rior,  situate  between  the  inferior  spongy  bone 
and  the  bottom  of  the  nose.  The  Schneide- 
rian membrane  receives  the  first  pair  of  nerves, 
and  various  branches  from  the  fifth  pair.  The 
arteries  are  furnished  by  the  branches  of  the  in- 
ternal maxillary,  known  under  the  names  of 
spheno-palatine,  infra-orbitar,  superior  alveolar, 
palatine,  pterygo-palatine ;  by  the  supra-orbitar, 
and  ethmoidal  branches  of  the  ophthalmic  artery, 
by  the  internal  carotid,  superior  labial,  and  dor- 
sales  nasi.  Its  veins  are  little  known,  and  gene- 
rally follow  the  course  of  the  arteries.  The  lym- 
phatics are  almost  unknown.  The  nasal  fossse 
are  the  seat  of  smell ;  they  aid,  also,  in  repiration 
and  phonation. 
Nasal  Meatus,  see  Nasal  fossse. 
Nasal  Mucus,  Mucus  na'rixim,  Phlegma  na'- 
rium crassum,  Mucor  seu  Pitui'ta  seu  Blenna  seu 
Lympha  muculen'ta  na'rium,  Apomyx'ia,  vulgarly 
called  Snot,  (F.)  3Iorve,  is  the  mucus  secreted  by 
the  Schneiderian  membrane. 

Nasal  Nerve,  Naso-palpebral  (Ch.),  Naso- 
ocula'ris  (Sommeriug),  Naso-cilia'ris.  One  of 
the  three  branches  of  the  ophthalmic  nerve  of 
Willis.  It  enters  the  orbit  by  the  sphenoidal  fis- 
sure, passes  along  the  inner  paries  of  that  cavity, 
and  divides,  opposite  the  internal  and  anterior 
orbitar  foramen,  into  two  branches.  1.  The  in- 
ternal and  2)osterior,  which  passes  into  the  Fora- 
men orbitarium  internum  anterius,  enters  the  cra- 
nium beneath  the  dura  mater,  and  passes  into  the 
nasal  fossaj,  through  an  aperture  at  the  side  of 
the  Crista  galli.  It  afterwards  divides  into  seve- 
ral filaments:  one  of  them  —  the  Naso-lobar,  of 
Chaussier  —  is  very  small,  and  descends  on  the 
posterior  surface  of  the  os  nasi,  and  ramifies  on 
the  integuments  of  the  ala  nasi.  A  second  ter- 
minates near  the  septum ;  others  descend  along 
the  outer  paries  of  the  nasal  fossse.  2.  The  other 
is  external  and  anterior,  and  is  called  the  external 
nasal  nerve.  It  is  distributed  to  the  outside  of 
the  orbit.  Before  dividing,  the  nasal  nerve  com- 
municates with  the  ophthalmic  ganglion,  and 
gives  off  two  or  three  ciliary  nerves :  the  Poste- 
rior Nasal  Nerve.  Sommering  has  given  this 
name  to  the  nerves,  which  arise  from  the  inter- 
nal part  of  the  spheno-palatine  ganglion. 

Nasal  Notch,  (F,)  Echancrure  nasale.  A 
semicircular  notch,  situate  between  the  nasal 
prominence  of  the  frontal  bone,  and  articulated 
with  the  nasal  bones  and  the  nasal  processes  of 
the  superior  maxillary  bones. 
Nasal  Process,  Maxilla.ry  bone,  superior. 
Nasal  Prom'inence,  (F.)  Posse  nasale.  A 
prominence,  situate  on  the  median  line,  at  the 
anterior  surface  of  the  os  frontis,  between  the  two 
superciliary  arches. 

Nasal  Region,  Re'gio  nasa'lis.  The  region 
of  the  nose. 
Nasal  Spines.  These  are  three  in  number. 
1.  The  Supe'rior  nasal  spine  of  the  os  frontis, 
occupying  the  middle  of  its  nasal  notch,  and  ar- 
ticulated before  with  the  nasal  bones,  behind 
with  the  ethmoid.  2.  The  infe'rior  and  ante'rior 
nasal  spine,  situate  at  the  inferior  part  of  the  an- 
terior opening  of  the  nasal  fossaa.  It  is  formed 
by  the  two  superior  maxillary  bones ;  jind  3.  The 
infe'rior  and  poste'rior  nasal  spine,  Epine  guttM- 
rale  (Ch.),  a  process,  formed  on  ibe  median  lin« 


NASALE 


583- 


NAUCLEA 


by  tte  two  palate  bones  at  the  posterior  part  of 
the  palatine  arch. 

I^ASALE,  Errhine. 

NASALIS,  Compressor  naris. 

Nasa'lis  La'bii  SoPERio'nis.  A  small  mus- 
cular slip,  -which  runs  up  from  the  middle  of  the 
orbicularis  and  the  lip  to  the  tip  of  the  nose.  It 
lies  exactly  in  the  furrow,  and  is  occasion ally_ a 
levator  of  the  upper  lip,  or  a  depressor  of  the  tip 
of  the  nose. 

jSI'ASAS,  Nata. 

JTASATUS,  Membrosus. 

NAS'CALE.  A  kind  of  pessary,  made  of  wool 
or  cotton,  which  was  formerly  introduced  into 
the  vagina,  after  being  impregnated  with  oil, 
ointment,  or  some  other  proper  medicament. 

[N'ASCAPHTHON,  Narcarphthon. 

]S^ASDA,  Nata. 

NASI,  see  Oryza. 

NASITAS,  Ilhinophonia. 

JSTASITIS,  Rhinitis — n.  Postica,  Anginanasalis. 

NASO,  Nasu'tus,  from  nasus,  'the  nose.'  One 
who  has  a  long  nose. 

NASOCILIARIS  (Nervus),  Nasal  nerve. 

NASO-LA'BIAL,  Naso-IabiaUs ;  from  nastis, 
'  the  nose,'  and  labium,  '  a  lip.'  Relating  to  the 
nose  and  lip. 

Naso-Labial  Line.  A  line  or  furrow,  which 
separates  the  lip  from  the  cheek,  and  commences 
at  the  ala  nasi. 

NASO-LABIA'LIS.  A  muscular  fasciculus 
described  by  Albinus,  which  arises  from  the  an- 
terior extremity  of  the  septum  nasi,  and  termi- 
nates in  the  orbicularis  oris. 

NASO-PAL'ATINB,  Naso-palati'nus.  _  That 
■which  belongs  to  the  nose  and  velum  palati. 

Naso-Palatine  Ganglion  is  situate  in  the 
foramen  palatinum  anterius.  Its  greater  extre- 
mity receives  the  two  naso-palatine  branches; 
whilst  the  smaller  gives  off  two  or  three  fila- 
ments, which  reach  the  palatine  vault,  where 
they  ramify  on  the  membrane  of  the  same  name, 
anastomosing  with  filaments  of  the  great  palatine 
nerve. 

Naso-Palatine  Nerve  is  furnished  by  the 
spheno-palatine,  which  proceeds  from  the  gan- 
glion of  Meckel.  It  traverses  the  vault  of  the 
nasal  fossa3,  and  proceeds  upon  the  septum  be- 
tween the  two  layers  of  the  pituitary  membrane. 
It  enters  the  anterior  palatine  canal,  and  termi- 
nates at  the  superior  angles  of  the  naso-palatine 
ganglion,  without  attaining  the  mouth. 

NASO-PALPJEBRAL,  Orbicularis  palpebra- 
rum. 

NASTA,  Natn,. 

NASTURTIUM  AMPHIBIUM,  see  Sisym- 
Imum — n.  Aquaticum,  Cardamine  pratensis,  Si- 
symbrium nasturtium — n.  Bursa  pastoris,  Thlaspi 
bursa — n.  Hortense,  Lepidium  sativum — n.  Indi- 
cum,  Tropajolum  majus — n.  Officinale,  Sisymbri- 
um nasturtium — n.  Palustre,  see  Sisymbrium — n. 
Peruvianum,  Tropa3olum  majus  —  n.  Pratense, 
Cardamine  pratensis — n.  Sativum,  Lepidium  sa- 
tivum. 

NASUM  DILATAXS.  Pyramidalis  nasi. 

NASUS,  The  Noee,  Rlnn,  Elds,  Or'ganon  oU 
fncfiLs  seu  odora'ttls  seu  olfacto' rhim,  Promonto'- 
rinm  faciei,  Myxo'ier,  Emunnto' rium  cer'ehri, 
/•inout,  CE.)  Nez.  The  nose  is  a  pyramidal  emi- 
nence, situate  above  the  anterior  apertures  of  the 
nasal  fossoe,  which  it  covers;  and,  consequently, 
occupying  the  middle  and  upper  part  of  the  face, 
between  the  forehead  and  upper  lip,  the  orbits 
and  the  cheeks.  Its  lateral  surfaces  form,  by 
UTiiting  angularly,  a  more  or  less  prominent  line, 
called  Dorsum  seu  T'hnchi^  seu  tS'piiia  Nnsi,  (F.) 
f/ue   du  nez.      This    line   terminates,   anteriorly, 


by  the  lohe, — Lol'ulua.  The  sides  are  called  Alie 
Nasi,  Pinnm  Naris,  (F.)  Ailes  du  nez.  The  co- 
lumna  is  the  inferior  part  of  the  partition.  Its 
apex  or  tip  has  been  called  Glob'uhis  nasi. 

The  chief  varieties  of  the  nose  are  the  aq'viline, 
the  flat  nose,  (F.)  Nez  camarot  ou  epate,  and  the 
enub  nose,  (F.)  Nez  retrousse.  The  nose  is  formed, 
besides  its  bones,  of  fibro-eartilage,  cartilage,  mus- 
cles, vessels,  and  nerves;  and  its  use  seems  to  be  to 
direct  odours  to  the  upper  part  of  the  nasal  fossae. 

Nasds  Internus,  Nares. 

NASUTUS,  Naso. 

NATA,  Natta,  Naea,  Nasda,  Nasta,  Nasas, 
Napta.  A  fleshy,  indolent  excrescence,  having 
the  shane  of  the  nates. 

NATARON,  Natron. 

NATA'TION,  Nafa'tio.  from  nature,  itself  from 
nare,  '  to  swim.'  Sicimming.  The  action  of 
swimming,  or  of  supporting  one's  self,  or  moving 
upon  the  water.  Swimming  resembles  the  hori- 
zontal leap  in  its  physiology — the  medium  being 
water  instead  of  air.  The  difference  between  the 
specific  gravity  of  the  human  body  and  that  of 
water  is  not  great;  so  that  but  little  exertion  is 
required  to  keep  a  part  of  the  body  above  water. 
Swimming  is  a  healthy  gymnastic  exercise,  com- 
bining the  advantages  of  bathing. 

NATES,  Ephed'rana, Nat'ulce,  Sca'pMa,Chmes, 
Glutei,  Gluli.  Glu'tia,  Sedi'lia,  Pyge,  Moucb,  the 
Bottom,  Backside,  Poste'riors,  Buttocks,  &c.,  (F.) 
Fesses.  Two  round  projections,  at  the  inferior 
and  posterior  part  of  the  trunk,  on  which  we  sit. 
Amongst  the  mammalia,  man  alone  has  the  nates 
prominent  and  round.  They  are  formed  chiefly 
by  the  skin,  and  k.  thick  layer  of  areolar  tissue, 
which  covers  the  three  glutsei  muscles. 

Nates  Cerebri,  see  Quadrigemina  corpora — 
n.  et  Testes,  Quadrigemina  corpora. 

NATRIUM,  Sodium. 

NATROCREN^,  NatropegaB. 

NATRON,  Natrum.,  Nat'aron,  Nitrnm,  Ana- 
trum,  Aphronitrum,  from  Natron,  a  lake  in  Judaea. 
A  saline  compound,  very  abundant  in  Egypt, 
which  is  almost  wholly  formed  of  subcarbonate 
of  soda. 

NATRONIUM,  Sodium. 

NATROPE'GiE,  Natrocre'ncB,  from  N'atron, 
and  TTvyn,  '  a  spring.'     Soda  springs. 

NATRUM,  Natron  —  n.  Chloratum  liquidum, 
Liquor  sodee  chlorinatEB  —  n.  Muriaticum,  Soda, 
muriate  of — n.  Muriatum,  Soda,  muriate  of — n. 
Prteparatum,  Soda,  subcarbonate  of — n.  Tartari- 
zatum,  Soda,,  tartrate  of — n.  Vitriolatum,  Soda., 
sulphate  of — n.  Nitrieum,  Soda,  nitrate  of — n. 
Oxymuriaticum,  Soda,  chloride  of — n.  Oxyphos- 
phorodes,  Soda,  phosphate  of — n.  Sulphuricum, 
Soda,  sulphate  of. 

NATTA,  Nata. 

NATUL.E,  Nates. 

NATU'RA,  from  na^ci,  'to  be  born  or  arise.' 
Pliysis.     Nature.     Also,  genital  organs. 

Natu'ra  Morbi.     The  essence  or  condition  of 

NATURAL  PARTS,  Genital  organs. 

NATURALIA,  Genital  organs. 

NA'TURISM,  Nat'uraliam.  A  view  which 
attributes  every  thing  to  nature,  as  a  sage,  pre- 
scient, and  sanative  entity.  —  Nysten.  See  Ex- 
pectation. 

NA'TURIST.  A  physician  who  scrupulously 
investigates,  interprets,  and  follows  the  indica- 
tions presented  by  nature  in  the  ti'eatment  of 
disease. 

NAU'CLEA  GAMBIR,  Unea'ria  gambir.  A 
plant  of  the  family  and  tribe  Cinchonaceas,  a 
native  of  the  Malayan  Peninsula  and  Indian  Ar- 
chipelago, which  yields  large  quantities  of  the 
kind  of  Catechu  known  by  the  names  Terra  Jo- 


NAUSEA 


553 


NEEDLE 


pon'ica  and  Square  Catechu,  and  which,  in  Indian 
commerce,  is  called  Gambeer.  It  is  a  powerful 
astringent,  much  used  in  tanning,  and  in  medi- 
cine, as  a  substitute  for  the  Catechu  of  the  Acacia. 
NAU'SEA,  Nau'sia,  Nausi'asis,  Nausio'sia, 
Nau'tia,  Queasineas,  Squeaaineaa,  (F.)  Nauaee, 
Envie  de  vomir ;  from  vav?,  navis,  'a  ship;'  be- 
cause those  unaccustomed  to  sailing  are  so  af- 
fected.    Sickness.     Inclination  to  vomit. 

Nausea,  Krbat'ic,  (k-fjca;,  n-oEarof,  'flesh.')  The 
sickness  and  vomiting,  excited,  in  some  nervous 
patients,  by  the  smallest  portion  of  animal  food. 

Nausea  Maei'xa,  3Iorbus  nau'ticus,  Vom'itus 
navigan' tium  seu  mari'nus,  Sea-sickness,  (F.)  3Ial 
de  mer.  The  sickness,  vomiting,  &c.,  experienced 
at  sea  by  those  unaccustomed  to  a  sea-life ;  and 
from  which  those  who  are  accustomed  are  not 
always  exempt.  It  generally  ceases  when  the 
person  becomes  habituated  to  the  motion  of  the 
vessel,  and  not  till  then. 

NAU'SEANT,  Nau'seans.  An  agent  that  ex- 
cites nausea,  which  is  a  state  of  diminished  action. 
Nauseants  are,  hence,  valuable  remedies  in  dis- 
eases of  excitement. 

NAUSIA,  Nausea. 

NAUSIASIS,  Nausea. 

NAUSIO'SIS.  This  word,  besides  being  sy- 
nonymous with  nausea,  has  been  used  to  express 
the  state  of  venous  hemorrhage,  when  blood  is 
discharged  bj'  jets. 

NAUTIA,  Nausea. 

NAVEL,  Umbilicus — n.  String,  Funiculus  um- 
bilicalis — n.Wort,  Cotyledon  umbilicus — n.  Wort, 
Venus's,  Cotyledon  umbilicus. 

NA  VET,  "Brassica  rapa. 

NAVETTE,  Brassica  rapa. 

NAVICULAR,  Navicula'  risjNavifor'mis,  from 
navicida,  '  a  little  ship.' 

Natic'ulae  Fossa,  Fossa  Navicula'ria,  F. 
Seapho'i'des,  A^avic'ida,  Scaj^h'nla.  See  Scaphoid. 
This  name  has  been  given,  1.  To  a  small  depres- 
sion between  the  entrance  of  the  vagina  and  the 
posterior  commissure  of  the  labia  major  or  four- 
chette.  2.  To  a  perceptible  dilatation,  presented 
by  the  urethra  in  man,  near  the  base  of  the 
glans.  3.  To  the  superficial  depression  which 
separates  the  two  roots  of  the  helix.  This  is  also 
called  Seapha. 

NAVICULARE  OS,  Scaphoides  os. 

NAVIFORMIS,  Navicular. 

NAVIS,  Vulva. 

NEAR-SIGHTEDNESS,  Myopia. 

NEB'ULA,  Nuiea,  Nuhec'ula,  Nephos,  NepV- 
ele,  Nephe'lion,  (F.)  Nuage,  Ombrage.  A  slight 
speck  on  the  cornea.  A  mist  or  cloud  suspended 
in  the  urine.     See  Caligo. 

NEBULOUS,  Nepheloid. 

NECESSARY,  Necesaa'rius,  (ne,  and  cessare.) 

The  Necessaries  of  Life,  VitcB  necessita'tes,  (F.) 

Hesoins  de  la  vie,  include  every  thing  requisite 

I   for  the  maintenance  of  life,  and  particularly  food. 

NECK,  DERBYSHIRE,  Bronchocele  —  n. 
Swelled,  Bronchocele  —  n.  Stiff,  Torticollis  —  n. 
Wry,  Torticollis. 

NECKLACE,  AN'ODYNE.  These  are  formed 
of  the  roots  of  hyoscyamus.  Job's  tears,  allspice 
steeped  in  brandy,  or  the  seeds  of  the  wild  liquo- 
rice vine,  to  suit  the  fancy  of  the  prescriber. 
They  are  employed  to  facilitate  dentition  in  chil- 
dren, and  to  procure  sleep  in  fever.(!) 

NECKWEED,  Veronica  beccabunga,  V.  pere- 
grina. 

NECR^'MIA,  from  vsKpog,  'death,'  and  'aijxa, 
'blood.'  Death  of  the  blood.  Death  beginning 
with  the  blood. 

NECRENCEPHALUS,  Mollities  cerebri. 

NECROCEDIA,  Embalming. 

NECRODES,  Cadaverous. 


NECROLOGY,  BILLS  OF,  Mortality,  bills  of. 

lS'EC'^01siA.'^CY,Necromanti'a,Negvomanti'a, 

Necyomanti'a,  Nigromanti'a,  from  veKpog,  '  death,' 

and  fiavTtta,  '  divination.'  Divination  by  the  dead. 

NECROMANTIA,  Necromancy. 

NECRON,  Cadaver. 

NECRONARCEMA,  Rigor  mortis. 

NECROPHOB'IA,  from  vzKpo;,  'death,'  and 
(pofios,  '  fear.'  Exaggerated  fear  of  death.  This 
symptom  occurs  in  patients  where  the  disease  is 
not  mortal ;  as  in  hypochondriasis.  In  fevers,  it 
is  not  a  good  symptom. 

NECROPNEUMO'NIA,  Pneumo'nia  gangr<z- 
no'sa  seu  ti/pho'sa,  GangrcB'na  seu  Mortifica'tio 
seu  Anthrax  seu  Oarhun'culus  Pulmo'num,  P»eu~ 
moseji'sis,  Pneumoc'ace,  (F.)  Gangrene  du  Pou- 
mon;  from  wKpof,  '  death,' and  ^^neujnojii'a.  Gan- 
grenous inflammation  of  the  lungs.  This  may  be 
diffused  or  circumscribed.  The  only  pathogno- 
monic symptom  is  the  extraordinary  and  repul- 
sive odour  of  the  breath  and  expectoration.  The 
treatment  consists  in  the  use  of  the  chlorides  in- 
ternally, or  of  chlorine  by  inhalation ;  allaying 
irritation  by  opium,  and  supporting  the  patient 
by  wine-whey,  and  nourishing  diet. 

NECROPSIA,  Autopsia  cadaverica. 

NECROPSY,  Autopsia  cadaverica. 

NECROSCOPIA,  Autopsia  cadaverica. 

NECROSCOPY,  Autopsia  cadaverica. 

NECRO'SIS,  from  vtKpow,  'I  kill.'  Mortifica- 
tion. State  of  a  bone  or  of  a  portion  of  a  bone 
deprived  of  life.  OsteogangrcB'na,  Oateonecro'sis. 
Necrosis  may  take  place  without  the  surrounding 
soft  parts  being  struck  with  gangrene.  It  is  to 
the  bones  what  gangrene  is  to  the  soft  parts. 
The  part  of  the  bone  affected  with  necrosis  be- 
comes a  foreign  body,  similar  to  the  gangrenous 
eschar,  and  its  separation  must  be  accomplished 
by  the  efforts  of  nature,  or  by  art.  When  necro- 
sis occurs  in  the  centre  of  long  bones,  it  never 
extends  to  their  articular  extremities.  The  exte- 
rior layers  of  bone  form  a  canal  round  the  dead 
portion  or  sequestrum,-  between  these  swollen 
layers  and  the  sequestrum,  suppuration  takes 
place;  the  matter  presses  against  the  bony  canal; 
perforates  it,  and  is  discharged  by  apertures, 
which  become  fistulous. 

In  the  treatment,  the  exit  of  the  sequestrum 
must  be  facilitated  by  proper  incisions,  by  the 
application  of  the  trepan  to  the  bone,  &c. 

Necrosis  Cerealis,  Ergotism  —  n.  Dentium, 
Dental  gangrene  —  n.  Ustilaginea,  Ergotism. 

NECROTOMY,  Dissection. 

NECTANDRA  RODIEI,  see  Bebeeru. 

NECTAR,  from  vj],  'a  particle  of  negation,* 
and  KTooi,  'to  kill.'  A  pleasant  liquor,  feigned 
by  the  poets  to  have  been  the  drink  of  the  gods, 
and  to  have  rendered  immortal  those  who  partook 
of  it.  A  name  given,  by  the  ancients,  to  many 
drinks ;  and  particularly  to  one  made  with  wine, 
evaporated,  and  sweetened  with  honey. 

NECTARIUM,  Inula  helenium. 

NECUSIA,  see  Wound. 

NECYOMANTIA,  Necromancy. 

NEDYIA,  Intestines. 

NEDYS,  vn^vs.  The  belly,  abdomen,  stomach, 
uterus. 

.  NEEDLE,  Sax.  ne&l,ni5e61,  from  Teut.  neten, 
'to  sew.'  Acus,  Bel' one,  Paphis,  Baph'ion,  Aces' - 
tra,  (F.)  Aiguille.  A  steel  instrument,  used  in 
many  professions.  In  Surgery,  a  steel,  gold,  sil- 
ver, or  platina  instrument,  that  may  be  round,  flat, 
or  triangular,  straight,  or  curved,  supported  or 
not  by  a  handle,  but  having  alicai,-^  a  point,  by 
means  of  which  it  penetrates  the  textures ;  and 
often  having,  either  near  the  point,  or,  more  com- 
monly, near  the  other  extremity,  an  aperture  or 
eye  for  the  reception  of  a  thread  or  tape,  whioli 


NEEDLE 


590 


NEPENTHES 


it  introduces  into  the  parts.  The  Aiguille  d  ap- 
jjareil  of  the  French  is  the  ordinary  sewing  nee- 
dle used  in  the  making  of  bandages,  &c. 

Needle,  Acupuncture,  (P.)  Aiguille  d  Acu- 
puncture, An  inflexible  gold  or  silver  needle; 
conical,  very  delicate,  four  inches  long,  furnished 
■with  a  handle,  and,  at  times,  with  a  canula 
shorter  than  it  by  about  half  an  inch.  An  ordi- 
nary needle,  waxed  at  the  head,  will  answer  as  a 
substitute  for  this.     See  Acupuncture. 

Needle,  Cataract,  Acua  ophthal'miea,  (F.) 
Aiguille  d  cataracte.  Needles  of  gold,  silver,  and 
steel  have  been  used;  the  latter,  alone,  at  the 
present  day.  The  cataract  needle  is  employed 
to  depress  or  tear  the  crystalline  when  opake. 
This  needle  is  usually  made  from  15  to  24  lines 
long ;  and  is  attached  to  a  fine  handle.  The  ex- 
tremity may  be,  as  in  Scarpa's  and  Langenbeck's, 
pointed,  prismatic,  triangular,  and  curved;  in 
Dupuytren's  and  Walther's,  flat,  curved,  and 
sharp-edged ;  in  Hey's,  flat,  with  a  semicircular 
and  sharp  end ;  or,  as  in  Beer's,  Siebold's, 
Schmidt's,  Himly's,  Von  Grate's,  <fec.,  straight 
and  spear-pointed.  A  mark  is  generally  placed 
upon  the  handle  to  inform  the  operator,  — when 
the  instrument  is  engaged  in  the  eye, — what  side 
corresponds  to  the  crystalline. 

Needle  for  a  Counter-Opening,  Acua  invagi- 
na'ta,  (F.)  Aiguille  d  Contre-ouverture,  Aiguille 
engainee,  Aiguille  d  gaine,  —  a  long,  narrow  in- 
strument of  steel ;  the  point  of  which  is  fine  and 
sharp  on  both  sides; — the  heel  {talon)  having  an 
aperture  to  receive  a  thread,  tape,  &o.,  provided 
with  a  flat,  silver  sheath,  shorter  than  the  blade, 
the  point  of  which  it  covers  when  passing  through 
parts  that  have  to  be  respected. 

Needle,  Deschamp's,  Paupe's  needle,  (F.)  Ai- 
guille de  Deschamps,  Aiguille  d  manche,  &o.,  is 
the  last  described  needle,  fixed  to  a  handle.  The 
eye  is  placed  near  the  point.  It  is  employed  in 
the  ligature  of  deep-seated  arteries. 

Needle,  Fis'tula,  (F.)  Aiguille  d  Fistule.  A 
long,  flat,  flexible,  silver  instrument ;  having  an 
aperture  near  one  extremity;  blunt  at  the  other. 
This  was  formerly  used  for  passing  a  seton  into 
fistulous  ulcers.  On  one  of  its  sides  was  a  groove 
for  guiding  a  bistouri  in  case  of  necessity. 

Also,  a  long,  steel  instrument,  terminated  by  a 
point  like  that  of  a  trocar,  which  Desault  em- 
ployed for  penetrating  the  rectum,  when  operating 
for  fistula  that  had  no  internal  aperture. 

Needle,  Hare-Lip,  (F.)  Aiguille  d  Bee  de 
Lilvre.  A  small,  silver  canula,  to  which  is  at- 
tached a  spear-point,  that  can  be  readily  with- 
drawn. This  needle,  armed  with  the  point,  is 
introduced  at  one  side  of  the  fissure  in  the  lip, 
and  through  the  other.  The  twisted  suture  is 
then  applied,  and  the  pin  withdrawn. 

Needle,  Lig'ature,  (F.)  Aiguille  d  ligature. 
A  long,  steel  instrument,  sharp  towards  one  ex- 
tremity, with  an  eye  near  the  other,  which  was 
formerly  used  for  suspending  the  circulation  of 
blood  prior  to  amputation,  by  being  passed  through 
the  limb,  so  as  to  include  the  principal  artery  and 
a  part  of  the  muscles  and  integuments. 

Also,  a  steel  instrument  of  various  dimensions, 
round  towards  one  of  its  extremities,  which  was 
Straight,  and  furnished  with  an  aperture ;  curved 
and  flat  towards  the  opposite,  which  was  pointed, 
and  had  a  slight  ridge  on  its  concave  side.  At 
the  commencement  of  the  last  century,  this  in- 
strument was  used  to  piss  ligatures  around  ves- 
sels 

Also,  a  steel  instrument  of  various  dimensions, 
flat,  regularly  curved  in  the  form  of  a  semicircle, 
■with  a  sharp  or  lance  point,  and  a  long  eye,  used 
with  advantage  in  place  of  the  last. 


Needle,  Seton,  (F.)  Aiguille  d  Seton.  A  long, 
narrow,  steel  blade ;  pointed  and  sharp  at  one 
extremity ;  pierced  at  the  other  by  an  aperture. 
The  Aiguille  d  contre-ouverture  may  be  used  for 
the  same  purpose. 

Needle,  Suture,  (F.)  Aiguille  d  Suture.    For 
the  twisted  suture,  the  hare-lip  needle  is  used; 
for  the  others,  the  straight  or  curved  needle  :  the 
straight  needle  is  preferable  for  stitching  up  the 
abdomen,  &c.,  in  dissection.     In  the  suture  of 
the  tendons,  a  curved  needle  has  been  used ;  flat 
on  both  sides,  and  cutting  only  at  the  concave 
edge,  in  order  that  the  instrument  may  pass  be- 
tween the  tendinous  fibres  without  dividing  them. 
NEEDLE-BEARER,  Porte-aiguille. 
NEEDLE-CARRIER,  Porte-aiguille. 
NEFLE,  Mespilus  (the  fruit.) 
NEFLIER,  Mespilus. 

NEFREN'DES,   properly,    'sucking   pigs.'  — 
Varro.    Nodoi,  Eden'tuli  {vn,  privative,  and  oiovi, 
'  a  tooth.')    Persons  devoid  of  teeth.    Young  chil- 
dren, for  instance,  who  have  not  cut  them ;  or 
aged  persons,  who  have  lost  them.     This  state  is 
called  Nefrendis,  Nodo'aia,  Odon'tia  eden'tula. 
NEGOTIUM  PARTURITIONIS,  Parturition. 
NEGRE  BLANC,  Albino. 
NEGRETIA  PRURIENS,  Dolichos  pruriens. 
NEGRO,  Ni'grita.    One  of  the  .Ethiopian  race. 
See  Homo  and  Mulatto. 
NEGROMANTIA,  Necromancy. 
NEIjE'RA,   Ne'i'ra,  Imtts  Venter.      The  lower 
part  of  the  belly.  —  Hippocrates. 
NEIGE,  Snow. 
NEIRA,  Neiaera. 

NELUM'BIUM  LU'TEUM,  Yelloro  ne'lumho, 
Yellow  water  lily.  Pond  lily,  Water  shield ,  Water 
nuts,  Water  chin'capin,  Battle  nut,  Sacred  bean. 
A  beautiful  water  plant,  common  in  the  United 
States,  and  belonging  to  Nat.  Ord.  Nymphacese  ; 
Sex.  Syst.  Polyandria  Polygynia.  The  leaves 
are  cooling  and  emollient  when  applied  to  the 
surface.  The  roots,  leaves,  and  nuts  are  eaten. 
The  last  are  called  by  the  Indians  and  others 
water  chincapins. 
NELUMBO,  YELLOW,  Nelumbium  luteum. 
NENDO,  Angelica  lucida, 
NENNDORF,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF, 
N^enndorf  is  a  village  three  and  a  half  German 
miles  from  Hanover.  Its  cold  sulphureous  spring 
is  much  celebrated. 

NENUPHAR,  Nympha9a  alba  — »i.  Blanc, 
Nymphffia  alba — n.  Jaune,  N3'mph£ea  lutea — n. 
Lutea,  Nymphasa  lutea  —  n.  Odorant,  Nympha^a 
odorata. 

NEOARTHRO'SIS,  from  veo;,  'new,' and  ap- 

doov,  'a  joint.'     A  new  joint;  an  artificial  joint. 

NEOG'ALA,  from  reus,  'new,'  and  ya\a,  'milk.' 

Milk  secreted  immediately  aftey  the  colostrum. 

Also,  the  colostrum. 

NEOCENES,  Nouveau-ne. 
NEOGILUS,  Nouveau-ne. 
NEOGNUS,  Nouveau-ne. 
NEONATUS,  Nouveau-ni. 
NE'OPLASTY,  Neoplas'tidir  from  rtof,  'new,' 
and  TrXao-o-u),  TT^arTiji,  '  I  form.'    An  operative  pro- 
cess for  the  formation  of  new  T«-rts.     It  includes 
autoplasty,  cicatrization  of  w'^.nds,  and  the  for- 
mation of  adhesions.  —  Burdi.ch. 
NEOTTIA,  Goodyera  puboscens. 
NEP,  Nepeta. 

NEPEN'THA  DESTILLAT0'RIA,J7«)if?»'m, 

A  Ceylonese  plant,  the  root  of  which  is  astringent. 

NEPEN'THES,  from  vv,  T)egi^->e  particle,  and 

ircvSos,  'grief.'     A  remedy  much  extolled  by  the 

ancients  against  sadness  and  rjo'enLholy. 

The  women  of  Thebes,  a.;cc.-.^  ^  V  ■^icdorns 


NEPETA 


591 


NEPHROrYIC 


Siceliotes,  alone  possessed  the  secret  of  its  com- 
position ;  and,  according  to  Homer,  Helen  intro- 
duced it  from  Egypt.  Some  suppose  it  to  have 
been  opium. 

Nepexthes,  Bangue — n.  Opiatum,  Pilulae  opi- 
ate. 

NEP'ETA,  ^V.  Cata'ria  sea  vulga'ris  Cata'ria 
vulga'ris,  Herha  felis,  Nep  or  Catmint,  (F.)  Herbe 
aux  Chats, — so  called,  because  cats  are  fond  of  it. 
The  leaves,  Cuta'ria  (Ph.  U.  S.),  have  a  smell  and 
taste  like  those  of  an  admixture  of  spearmint  and 
pennyroyal.  It  has  been  recommended  in  ute- 
rine disorders,  dyspepsia,  flatulency,  &c.,  like 
pennyroyal ;  and  is  much  used  in  domestic  medi- 
cine, on  the  American  continent,  in  flatulencies, 
&c.,  of  children. 

Nepeta  AaRESTis,  Melissa  nepeta  —  n.  Gle- 
choma,  Glechoma  bederacea  —  n.  Vulgaris,  Ne- 
peta. 

NEPHALIOTES,  Temperance. 

JNEPHELE,  EuiBorema,  Nebula. 

NEPHELION,  Nebula. 

NEPH'ELOID,  NepheloVdeg,  Nephelo'des, 
Neh'ulous,  Nuhilo'aus.  An  epithet  applied  to 
urine  when  it  is  cloudy —  Uri'na  nephclo' des. 

NEPHOS,  Nebula. 

NEPHRAL'GIA,  Dolor  Nepliret'icus,  Neural' - 
gia  Renum,  (F.)  Kecralgie  des  Reins,  D-jsneph.ro- 
nervie,  from  vecppos,  *a  kidney,'  and  aAyof,  'pain.' 
Pain  and  neuralgia  in  the  kidney. 

Nephralgia  Arexosa,  see  Gravel — n.  Caleu- 
losa,  see  Gravel  —  n.  Rheumatica,  Lumbago. 

NEPHRAPOS'TASIS,  Nephrojjyo'eis,  Absces'- 
sus  rena'lis,  from  vetppos,  'kidney/  and  avoaraaig, 
'  abscess.'     Renal  abscess. 

NEPHRATON'IA,  from  vsippo;,  'kidney,'  and 
arovta,  'want  of  tone.'  Reinim  aton'ia  seu  pa- 
ral'ysis.     Atony  of  the  kidney. 

NEPHRELCO'SIS,  Nephropyo'sis,  Heho'sis 
rena'lis,  from  veippo;,  'kidney,'  and  'sAkojo-jj,  'ul- 
ceration.'    Ulceration  of  the  kidney. 

NEPHRELMIN'TIC,  Nephrelmin'ticiia,  from 
vt<ppos,  'a  kidney,'  and  'tX/xtrj,  'a  worm.'  That 
which  is  owing  to  the  presence  of  worms  in  the 
kidney. 

NEPHREMPHRAX'IS,  from  vc<ppo^,  'a  kid- 
ney,' and  tjKppaddii],  '  I  obstruct.'  A  name  given 
by  Ploucquet  to  obstruction  of  the  kidneys. 

NEPHRET'IC,  Nephrid'ius,  Nephrit'ic,  Ne- 
^hrit'icus,  from  vecppos,  'a  kidney.'  That  which 
relates  to  the  kidney.  Applied,  especially,  to 
pain,  &c.,  seated  in  the  kidney. 

NEPHRET'ICUM,  in  llateria  3fedica,  means 
a  medicine  employed  for  the  cure  of  diseases  of 
the  kidney. 

Nephreticuji  Lisxujr,  Guilandina  moringa. 

NEPHRET'ICUS  LAPIS,  Talcum  nephrit'- 
icum,  (F.)  Pierre  nephretique.  Jade  nephrite  ou 
oriental.  A  green,  fatty  kind  of  stone,  —  once 
used  as  an  amulet  against  epilepsy ;  an  absurd 
name,  as  there  can  be  no  such  remedy. 

NEPHRID'ION,  Pingue'do  rena'lis.  The  fat 
■which  surrounds  the  kidneys.  —  Hippocrates. 

NEPHRIDIUM,  Capsule,  renal. 

NE/HRIDIUS,  Nephretic. 

NEPHRITE,  Nephritis — n.  Albumineuse,  Kid- 
ney, Brisrhfs  disease  of  the. 

NEPHRITES,  Asphaltites. 

NEPHRITIC,  Nephretic. 

NEPHRITICUM  LIGNUM,  Gunandina  'Iflo- 
ringa. 

NEPHRITIS,  Asphaltites, 

Nephritis,  Empres'ma  Nephritis,  from  vccbpo;, 
'kidney,'  and  -itis,  'denoting  inflammation;'  Re- 
num  inflamma'tio,  Nephro-phleg'mone,  —  Inflam- 
matioa  of  the  Kidney,  (P.)  Nephrite,  Inflammation 


des  Reins,  is  characterized  by  acute  pain ;  burn- 
ing heat,  and  a  sensation  of  weight  in  the  region 
of  one  or  both  kidneys ;  suppression  or  diminu- 
tion of  'irine ;  fever;  dysuria;  ischuria;  consti- 
pation, more  or  less  obstinate ;  retraction  of  tho 
testicle,  and  numbness  of  the  thigh  of  the  same 
side.  It  may  be  distinguished  into  simple  and 
calculous  nephritis.  In  the  latter,  thi?  urine  often 
contains  small  particles  of  urie  acid  or  of  urate 
of  ammonia.  The  most  common  causes  of  ne- 
phritis are,  —  excess  in  irritating  and  alcoholic 
drinks ;  abuse  of  diuretics ;  blows  or  falls  on  the 
region  of  the  kidneys ;  the  presence  of  renal  cal- 
culi, &e.  It  may  be  distinguished  from  lumbago 
by  the  pain  which  attends  the  latter  on  the 
slightest  motion,  <&c.  It  usually  terminates  by 
resolution  in  from  one  week  to  two  or  three.  It 
may,  however,  end  in  suppuration — pyonephrite ; 
or  may  become  chronic — chrononephrite,  (Piorry.) 
In  the  treatment,  antiphlogistics,  as  bleeding, 
baths,  &c.,  are  required  to  the  full  extent;  with 
the  use  of  diluents,  opiates,  <£c. 

Nephritis  Albuminensis,  Kidney,  Bright's 
disease  of  the — n.  Albuminosa,  Kidney,  Bright'a 
disease  of  the  —  n.  Associated,  Kidney,  Bright's 
disease  of  the  —  n.  Cachectic,  Kidney,  Bright's 
disease  of  the — n.  Sociata,  Kidney,  Bright's  dis- 
ease of  the. 

NEPHRODES,  Nephroid. 

NEPHRODIUM  FILIX  MAS,  Polypodium 
filix  mas. 

NEPHROG'RAPHT,  from  vei>pog,  'a  kidney,' 
and  ypaiprj,  'a  description.'  An  anatomical  de- 
scription of  the  kidney. 

NEPHROHiE'MIA,  from  vtd>po;,  'kidney,'  and 
'aijua,  '  blood.'  Hypereemia  or  congestion  of  the 
kidney. 

NEPH'ROID,  Nephrdi'des,  Nepihro'des,  Reni~ 
form' is,  from  veippo;,  'kidney,'  and  eiSos,  'form, 
resemblance.'  Reniform.  Having  a  resemblance 
to  a  kidnej'  —  as  'nephroid  cancer,'  so  called  be- 
cause the  morbid  growth  resembles  the  kidney  in 
structure. 

NEPHROLITHI'ASIS,  from  rt^pof,  'a  kid- 
ney,'  and  Xido;,  'a  stone.'  The  disease  of  calculus 
in  the  kidney;  Lith'ia  rena'lis,  Lithi'asis  nephrit'- 
iea,  L.  Rena'lis.     See  Gravel. 

NEPHROLITH'IC,  same  etymon.  Belonging 
to  calculi  in  the  kidneys.  This  epithet  has  been 
applied  to  ischuria,  occasioned  by  calculi  formed 
in  the  kidneys. 

NEPHROL'OGY,  Nephrolog"ia,  from  vttppoi, 
'kidney,'  and  \oyos,  'a  treatise.'  A  treatise  on 
the  kidneys.  Dissertation  on  the  kidneys  and 
their  functions. 

NEPHROMALA'GIA,  from  vc<ppo?,  'kidney, 
and  iiaXaKia,    softness.'    Softening  of  the  kidney. 

NEPHROMETR^,  Psose. 

NEPHRON'CUS,  Tumor  rena'lis,  from  vt(pooi,f 
'kidney,'  and  oyKos,  'a  tumour.'  A  tumefaction 
of  the  kidney. 

NEPHROPHLEGMAT'IC,  A^ejoAro-j5^?e^?«a('- 
icus,  from  veippos,  'kidney,'  and  (pXcyjxa,  'phlegm.* 
A  name  given,  by  some  authors,  to  ischuria  pro- 
duced by  mucus  contained  in  the  urine. 

NEPHROPHLEGMONE,  Nephritis. 

NEPHROPHTHI'SIS,  from  v€<ppos,  'kidney,' 
and  (pdicn;,  'consumption.'  Phthisis  from  suppU" 
ration  of  the  kidney. 

NEPHROPLETHOR'IC,  Nephro-plethor'ieun, 
from  v£(ppos,  '  a  kidney,'  and  TrXriSmpa,  '  plethora.' 
Belonging  to  plethora  of  the  kidneys.  An  epi- 
thet given  to  ischuria  dependent  upon  this  cause. 

NEPHROPT'IC,  Nephro-py'icus,  from  v£(^poj, 
'a  kidney,'  and  nvov,'  pus.'  Belonging  to  sup« 
puration  of  the  kidney. 


NEPHROPTOSIS 


592 


NERVE 


NEPHROPTOSIS,  Nephrapostasis,  Nephrel- 

oosis. 

NEPHRORRHAG"IA,  Emmatu'ria  rena'th, 
Ho'morrhacj" ia  renum,  from  vz<ppos,  'kidney,'  and 
oayri,  'rupture;'  Proflu'vium  san'ffuinis  e  re'nihas. 
Hemorrhage  from  the  kidney. 

NEPHROS,  Kidney. 

NEPHROSCLE'RIA,  from  vt^^gos,  'kidney,' 
and  aickvpia,  'hardness;'  Indura'tio  renum.  In- 
duration of  the  kidneys. 

NEPHROSPAS'TIC,  NejyTirospas'ticm,  from 
vc(ppos,  '  a  kidney,'  and  a-ao),  '  I  draw.'  That 
which  depends  upon  spasm  of  the  kidney.  An 
epithet  given  to  a  variety  of  ischuria. 

NE  PHROTHROM'BOID,  NepTiro-thromloi'- 
dcs,  from  vtcpoog,  'a  kidney,'  and  h^ofifioi,' a,  clot.' 
That  which  depends  upon  clots  of  blood,  con- 
tained in  the  kidneys  or  their  ducts.  An  epithet 
for  a  species  of  ischuria. 

NEPHROT'OMT,  Nephro-lUhot'omy,  Nep>\ro- 
tom'ia,  Nephro-lithotom'ia,  Sectio  rena'lis,  S.  re- 
1118,  from  v€(ppoi,  '  a  kidney,'  and  re^ivtiv,  '  to  cut.' 
Dissection  of  the  kidney.  Also,  an  operation  pro- 
posed with  the  view  of  extracting  calculi  formed 
in  the  kidney,  by  means  of  an  incision  into  the 
tissue  of  that  organ. 

NEPHRUS,  Kidney. 

KEPIOS,  Infans. 

NEPIOTES,  Infancy. 

NEPTA,  Asphaltum. 

NERANTIA,  see  Citrus  aurantium. 

NEIiF,  Nerve — n.  Circoiiflexe,  Axillary  nerve 
— n.  Dcntaire,  Dental  nerve  —  n.  Feasier,  Gluteal 
nerve  —  n.  Glosso-jjharyngien,  Pharyngo-glossal 
nerve  —  n.  Gustatif,  see  Lingual  nerve  —  n.  Gus^ 
tatif  innomine,  Trigemini  —  n.  Guttural,  Palatine 
(middle)  nerve  —  n.  Gutturo-palalin,  Palatine 
nerve — n.  Honteux,  Pudic  nerve — n.  Irien,  Ciliary 
nerve — n.  IscJiio-clitorien,  Pudic  nerve — n.  J«cMo- 
penien,  Pudic  nerve — n.  Lahyrinthique,  Auditory 
nerve — n.  Ifentonnier,  Mental  nerve — ?i.  Ifoteur 
oinilaire  externe,  Motor  oculi  externus — n.  Ocido- 
musculaire  externe.  Motor  oculi  externus  —  n. 
Oculo-musculaire  interne,  Patheticus  nervus  — 
n.  Paihetiqve,  Patheticus  ner^nis  —  n.  Peroniere 
branche,  Popliteal  nerve,  external — n.  Pharyngo- 
glossien,  Pharyngo-glossal  nerve  —  n.  Premiere 
paire  trachelienne,  Occipital  nerve  —  n.  Vertebro- 
digital,  Musculo-cutaneous  nerve  —  n.  Pretihio- 
digital,  Musculo-cutaneous  nerve  —  n.  Pretihio 
susplantaire,  Tibial  nerve,  anterior  —  n.  Radio- 
digital,  Radial  nerve — ».  Sciatique  grand,  Sciatic 
nerve,  great — n.  Sciatique  petit,  Sciatic  nerve, 
lesser  —  n.  Sciatique  poplite  externe,  Musculo- 
cutaneous nerve  —  n.  Soua-occijntal,  Occipital 
nerve — n.  Sous-puhio-femoral,  Obturator  nerve — 
n.  Spino-cranio-trapezien,  Spinal  nerve  —  n.  Sus- 
maxillaire,  Maxillary  superior  nerve  —  n.  Sunjiu- 
hien,  Supra-pubian  nerve  —  n.  Tihiale  branche, 
Popliteal  internal — n.  Tracheal,  Laryngeal  infe- 
rior nerve —  n.  Trachelo-doraal,  Spinal  nerve  — 
n.  Trijumeau,  Trigemini  —  n.  d  Trois  cordcs,  Tri- 
gemini—  n.  Tympnniqne,  Chorda  tympani. 

NERFS  BiiONCHIQUES,  Bronchial  nerves 
—  n.  Giliairea,  Ciliary  nerves — n.  Moteitra  ocu- 
lairea  communa,  Motores  oculorum  —  n.  Sacr^a, 
Bacral  nerves — n.  Soua-coatalcs,  Intercostal  nerves. 

NERIS,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Neris  is 
on  the  high  road  from  Moulins  to  Limoges,  eighty 
leagues  from  Paris.  There  are  four  springs,  the 
water  of  which  is  clear,  inodorous,  tasteless,  and 
has  an  unctuous  feel.  It  contains  carbonic  acid 
ga*,  carbonate  of  soda,  and  sulphate  of  soda, 
ehloride  of  sodium,  silex  and  an  animal  matter  to 
which  its  '  oleaginous'  property  is  probably  owing. 
The  waters  are  generally  used  ia  the  form  of 
thermal  baths. 


NERIUM,  N.  oleander. 

Ne'rium  ANTlDTSlNTER'icujr,  Wright'ia  anti- 
dysenter'ica.  The  tree  which  afTords  the  Codaga'- 
pala  Bark,  Cones'ai  cortex,  Tilliclter'ry  cortex, 
Cortex  proflu'vii.  Family,  Apocyneae.  Sex.  Syst. 
PentandriaMonogynia.  {Y.)Codagapale,Orop<de. 
The  bark  of  this  Malabar  tree  is  of  a  black  colour, 
externally,  and  is  generally  covered  with  a  white 
moss  or  scurf.  It  has  an  austere,  bitter  taste,  and 
has  been  recommended  as  an  astringent  in  diarr- 
hoea, dysentery,  <fec. 

Ne'rium  Olean'der,  Ne'rium,  Rhododaph'niat 
Rosa'go,  (F.)  Laurier  rose.  The  leaves  are  re- 
puted to  be  narcotic.  The  infusion  is  employed 
internally,  in  herpetic  affections,  and  the  powder, 
incorporated  with  lard,  is  used  in  the  itch. 

NERONIA'NA  (PHLEBOTOM'IA.)  An  epi- 
thet given,  for  some  cause,  to  phlebotomy,  when 
more  than  one  vein  was  opened  on  the  same  day. 

NERPRUN PURGATIF,  Rhamnus. 

NERVE,  Nervus,  Neuron,  vtvpov,  '  a  string.' 
(F.)  Nerf.  Neuron  and  Nervus  meant  also,  with 
the  ancients,  the  tendons  and  ligaments.  Partes 
nervo'sce  ;  and  hence  the  different  acceptations  of 
'  nervous  ;'  —  a  man  of  nerve  —  a  strong,  nervous 
man  ;  and  a  weak,  nei-voua  woman.  The  nerves 
are  tubular  cords  of  the  same  substance  as  that 
which  composes  the  encephalon  and  spinal  mar- 
row. They  extend  from  one  or  other  of  the  ner- 
vous centres  to  every  part  of  the  body,  commu- 
nicating, frequently,  with  each  other ;  forming 
plexuses,  and,  occasionally,  ganglions ;  and  being, 
at  length,  lost  in  the  parenchyma  of  organs. 
There  are  42  pairs,  and,  according  to  their  origin, 
they  are  termed  Cranial  or  Encephalic,  and  Spi- 
nal. Each  nerve  is  composed  of  several  filaments 
or  cords  placed  alongside  each  other,  and  is  sur- 
rounded by  a  neurilemma.  The  encephalic 
nerves,  in  general,  have  only  one  root  in  the 
brain,  whilst  the  spinal  arise  from  the  marrow  by 
two  roots:  the  one  from  an  anterior  fasciculus  of 
filaments,  the  other  from  a  posterior,  separated 
from  each  other  by  the  Ligamentum  denticulatum; 
uniting  outside  this  ligament,  and  presenting,  near 
the  intervertebral  foramen,  a  ganglion  formed 
only  by  the  posterior  root.  The  two  roots  make, 
afterwards,  but  one  nerve  ;  and,  like  the  encepha- 
lic nerves,  proceed  to  their  destination,  subdi- 
viding into  rami  and  ramusculi,  until  they  are 
finally  lost  in  in  the  texture  of  the  organs.  The 
trunks  first  formed  are  commonly  round,  and 
proceed  alone,  or  accompany  the  great  vessels, 
being  placed  in  the  areolar  spaces  which  separate 
the  organs,  and  are  thus  protected  from  injury. 
Their  manner  of  termination  we  are  not  acquainted 
with;  whether  the  nervous  pulp,  for  instance,  be 
distributed  or  lost  in  a  membrane,  as  seems  to  be 
the  case  with  the  nerves  of  sight,  hearing,  and 
smell,  —  or  are  looped.  Certain  it  is,  that  there 
is  considerable  difference  in  the  organs,  as  re- 
spects the  quantity  of  nerves  that  terminate  in 
them  ;  and  the  particular  arrangement  of  the  ner- 
vous extremities.  Some  organs  have  numerous 
nerves  ;  others  seem  to  have  none  :  a  circumstance 
which  influences  considerably  the  sensibility  of 
parts. 

The  Encephalic  Nerves  arise  from  the  ence- 
phalon, or  are  inserted  into  it ;  (according  as  we 
consider  the  brain  the  origin  or  termination  of  the 
nerves;)  and  make  their  exit  by  foramina  at  the 
base  of  the  skull.  They  are  12  in  numlier.  The 
spinal  nerves  are  30  in  number,  8  cervical,  12 
doraal,  5  lumbar,  and  5  or  6  aacral :  the  four  in- 
ferior cervical  being  much  larger  than  the  supe- 
rior, because  they  furmsh  the  nerves  of  the  upper 
extremities. 


NERVES  593 

SYNOPTICAL   TABLE    OF 


NERVES 
THE    NERVES. 


L    Cranial  or  Encephalic  N'erves. 


Olfactory  . . . 
(1st  pair.) 


Optie 

(2d  pair.) 


Divided  into   internal,  exter- 
I      nal,   and   middle    brandies, 
whicli  are  distributed  on  the 
'     Schneiderian  membrane. 

Terminate  in  the  retina. 


3.  Motorcs  Oculorum 
(3d  pair.) 


5.  }  ar  Trigeminum 
i_5th  pair.) 


'  Superior  Branch.  To  the  rectus 
superior  oculi    and   levator 
palpebrre  superioris. 
Inferior  Branch.  TolhereC'JS 

>      internus.  rectus  inferior  and 
lesser    oblique    nuigcles ;    a 

!      filament  which  goes  to  the 

1,     ophthalmic  ganglion. 

Pathetici J  To  the  greater  oblique  muscle 

(4th  pair.)  /      of  the  eye. 

f  Ophthalmic  Branch.  Divided 
into  three  branches.  1.  The 
lachnjmal  branch,  to  the  la- 
chrymal gland  and  upper 
eye-lid.  2.  Frontal  branch, 
to  the  forehead  and  upper 
eyelid.  3.  J^asal  branch,  to 
the  eyelids,  nasal  fossse,  and 
nose. 
Superior  Mnxillary  Branch 
1.  The  orbil.ar  branch,  to  the 
orbit.  2.  The  posterior  and 
superior  dental,  to  the  last 
three  molar  teeth  and  gums. 
3.  The  anterior  dental,  to 
the  incisor,  canine,  and  two 
lesser  molares.  4.  Infra- 
orbitar,  to  the  upper  lip, 
cheek,  and  nose. 
Inferior  MniiUary  Branoh.  1. 
Jfempora/ profound  branches, 
to  the  temporal  muscle.  2. 
Masaeterine  branch,  to  the 
masseter  muscle.  3.  Buccal. 
to  the  inner  surface  of  the 
cheek.  4.  Pterygoid,  to  the 
internal   pterygoid    muscle. 

5.  Lingual,  to'  the  mucous 
membrane    of   the    tongue. 

6.  Inferior  dental,  to  the 
teeth  of  the  lower  jaw,  and 
to  the  lower  lip.  7.  Auri- 
cular branch,  to  the  pavilion 
of  the  ear  and  forehead. 


Abducentes   . 
(Gth  pair.) 


7.  Facial 

(Portio   dura   of  the-; 
7th  pair.) 


8.  Auditory 

(Portio  mollis  of  the 

7th  pair.) 

9.  Glosso-pharyngeal. 
(Portion    of  the  8th 

pair.) 


10.  Far  Vagum. 
(8th  pair.) 


11.  Spinal  or  Acces- 
sory o/ Willis 


Hypoglossal. 
(9th  pair.) 


[  To  the  rectus  eslernus  oculi. 

fl.  At  its  exit  from  the  cra- 
nium, the  posterior  auricu- 
lar, stylohyoid,  and  infra- 
rnasloid.  to  the  pavilion  of 
the  ear,  the  mastoid  process, 
the  digaslricus.  and  the  mus- 
cles attached  to  the  styloid 
process. 
2.  Near  the  parotid  gland,  the 
temporal,  m-ilar,  buccal,  su- 
pra-maxillary, and  ivfra- 
maxillary  to  the  whole  su- 
perficies of  the  face. 

To  the  vestibule,  semi  circular 
canals,  and  cochlea. 

To  the  base  of  the  tongue  and 
pharynx. 

fl.  /JV  THE  A''ECK,  —  Si  pha- 
ryngeal branch  to  the  pha- 
rynx;    superior      laryngeal 
branch  to  the  larynx,  and  tc 
some   muscles  of  the   infe- 
rior hyoid  region.     Cardiac 
branches     to    the     cardiac 
plexus. 
2.  /JV  THE  CHEST.— the  in- 
.{     ferior  laryngea  I  brancli  to  the 
I      larynx  :pK/mo7ia7-!/ branches. 
I      which    form  the  plexus  of 
I      the  same  name:  (Esophageal 
I      branches  to  the  cesnphasus. 
I  3.  /JV    THE  ABDOMEJ\r,  — 
I      gastric  branches  to  the  pa- 
rietes  of  the  stomach:  fila- 
I      ments  whichgo  to■theneigh- 
^_     bouring  plexuses. 
I  At  its  exit  from  the  cranium — 
I      the  accessory  of  the  pneumo- 
j      gastric  nerve  anastomosing 
I      with    this   nerve.      In    the 
I      neck— filaments  to  the  tras- 
l,     pezius  muscles, 
f  Cervicalis   descendens,    to   the 
I      muscles  of  the  inferior  hyoid 
-^      region,  and  to  the  cervical 
I      nerves.     Filaments   to   the 
1.     muscles  of  the  tongue. 


II.  Spinal  or  Vertebral  Nerves. 


I.    Cervical  Nerves.- 


{st  Cervical  Pair. . 


Id  Cervical  Pair- 


ed and  4th  Cervical 
Pairs. 


Anterior  Branch.  Anastomo- 
sing par  arcade  with  the  I 
second  pair. 
Anterior  Branch.  A  branch! 
anastomosing  with  the  first' 
pair:  a  branch  which  goesj 
to  the  cervical  plexus.  | 

Anterior  Branch.    Concurring! 
\      in  the  cervical  plexus.  | 

The  Posterior  Branch  of  these  four  pairs  ramifies  on| 
the  occiput  and  muscles  of  the  superficial  and  deep- 
sealed  cervico-occipital  regions. 

f  Descending  Branches. — 1. 
Internal  descending,  anas- 
tomosing with  a  branch  of' 
the  hypoglossus.  2.  Phrenic 
branch,  to  the  diaphragm. 
3.  Es.ternal  descending  bran- 
ches, dividing  into  supra- 
clavicular, supra-acromial, 
infraclavicular,  and  cervi- 
cales  profundi,  to  the  mus- 
cles and  intesuments  of  the 
Cervical  PUrno  <?      upper  part  of  the  chest  and 

i^ervical  j-lexu3 <;      shoulder,  to  the  trapezius, 

levator  scapuls,  rhomboid- 
eus,  See. 
Ascending  Branches. — 1. 
Mastoid,  to  the  posterior 
and  lateral  part  of  the  head 
and  the  inner  surface  of  the 
pavilion  of  the  ear.  2.  A^i- 
ricular,  to  the  parotid  gland 
and  pavilion  of  the  ear. 
Superficial  Cervical  Branches. 
(2.)  To  the  platysina  myoi- 


Cervical  Plexus. 


5th.  Gth,  and  7th  Cer- 
vical Pairs. 


Brachial  Plexus 


des,  digs  tricus,  the  integu- 
ments of  the  netk,  &:c. 

Anterior  Branches.  Assisting 
in  the  formation  .if  the  bra- 
chial plexu?. 

Posterior  Branches  To  the 
muscles  and  inleguhienls  of 
the  posterior  part  of  the 
neck  and  upper  part  of  the 
back. 

1.  Thoracic  Branches,  (2; 
the  anterior  and  laterjl 
parts  of  the  chest.  2.  Supra 
scapulnry  branch  to  the  nms 
cles  of  the  posterior  scapular 
region.  3.  Infra-scapulary 
branches  (3.)  to  the  subsca- 
pularis,  teres  major,  teres 
minor,  and  latissimus  dorsi. 
4.  The  brachial  interna  cu- 
taneous, to  the  integuments 
of  the  palmar  and  dorsal 
surfaces  of  the  forearm,  near 
the  ulnar  margin.  5.  The 
brachial  external  cutaneous, 
principally  to  the  integu- 
ments of  the  palmar  and 
dorsal  surfaces  of  the  fore- 
arm, near  the  radial  margin. 

6.  The  median  nerve,  to  the  | 
forearm,  hand,  and  palmar  I 
surface   of   all   the   fingers.; 

7.  The  cubital  nerve,  to  the' 
last  two  fingers.  8.  The 
radial,  to  the  first  three,  j 
9.  The  axillary,  around  the 
shoulder-joint,  and  to  the! 
neighbouring  muscles.  J 


38 


NERVES 


594 


NERVES 


II.  Spinal  or  Vertebral  Nerves. — Continued. 
2.  Dorsal  Nerves,  (Nervi  dorsales.)  { 

To  the  bra- 


Ist  Dorsal  Pair. 

2d    and    3d    Dorsal 
Pairs. 


ith,  5tk,  eth.  and  7th 
Dorsal  Pairs 


I 


6th.    Sth,    lOth,    and! 
lUA  Dorsal  Fairs.] 


L 


(  .interior  Branch, 

I      chial  plexus. 

{  Jlnterior  Branches.    An  inter- 

\      costal  and  brachial  branch. 

(Anterior  Branches       Internal 

I      branches,  to  the  intercostal?, 
triangularis    sterni,    pecto- 
ralis  major,  and  to  the  skin. 
{      External    branches    to    the 
integuments  of  the  chest,  the 
I      obliquus   externus   abdomi- 
nis, and  the  skin  of  the  ab 
domen. 
{Anterior  Braiiches.     Internal 
I      branches,    to    the   transver- 
I      salis,  obliquus  internus,  and 
rectus  muscles,  and  to  the 
skin  of  the  abdomen.     Ex- 
ternal branches,  to  the   in- 
teguments of  the  chest,  and 
to  the  muscles  and  skin  of 
the  abdomen, 
f  Anterior  Branch.    To  the  first 
1      lumbar   nerve,   and   to   the 
■{      muscles  and  skin  of  the  ab 
I      domen   as   far  as  the  iliac 
l_     crest. 
The  Posterior  Branches  of  the  dorsal  nerves  are  dis- 
tributed  to  the   muscles   and   integuments  of  the 
back  and  loins. 

3.  Lumhar  Nerves. 

Anterior   Branches.     Concur- 
ring to    form    the    lumbar 
plexus. 
Anterior  Branch.     Aiding   in 
forming  the  sciatic  plexus. 
The   Posterior  Branches  of   the   lumbar   nerves   are 
distributed  to  tlie  loins,  sacrum,  and  nates. 

f  1.  Jilusculo-cutan  eons  Branches, 
I  to  the  number  of  three.  One 
I  superior,  to  the  muscles  of 
the  abdomen,  to  the  fold  of 
the  groin,  and  the  scrotum: 
a  middle,  to  the  integuments 
and  muscles  of  the  abdomen  : 


12ih  Dorsal  Pair 


1st,  2rf,  2d,   and   4tk 
Lumbar  Pairs  .... 


3th  Pair. 


Lumbar  Plexus 


■< 


I 


Lumhar  Plexus 


I 


and  an  inferior,  to  the  skin 
of  the  thigh.  2.  A  genilo- 
crural  branch  to  the  integu- 
ments of  the  scrotum,  the 
groin,  and  the  thigh.  3.  The 
crnrnl  \\cr\e,  to  the  integu- 
ments and  muscles  of  the 
thigh,  skin  of  the  leg,  an«l 
foot.  4.  'I'lie  obturator  T\ex\e, 
to  the  muscles  at  the  inner 
part  of  the  thigh.  5.  The 
lumbo-sacral,  to  the  sciatic 
plexus.  It  gives  nfl" the  "■/(/- 
teal  nerve  to  the  gluta?i 
muscles. 


Sacral  Nerves. 


1st,  Zd,  "id,  and  Ath., 
Sacral  Pairs 


5/74  and  Gth  Pairs  . 


Anterior  Branches.  They  form 

by  their  union   the   sciatic 

plexus. 

Anterior   Branches.      To    the 

j)arts  in  the  vicinity  of  the 

(      coccyx. 
The  Posterior  Branches  ramify  on  the  muscles  and 
integuments  of  the  nates. 

1.  Hemorrhoidal  nerves,  to  tlie 
rectum.  2.  Vesical,  to  the 
bladder.  3.  Uterine  and  va- 
ginal, to  the  vagina  and 
uterus.  4.  Inferior  gliitenl, 
to  the  gluteal  nniscles,  peri 
nreum,  and  integuments  of 
the  posterior  part  of  the 
thigh.  5.  Pudic,  to  the  pc- 
riiiffiuui,  penis,  or  vulva,  G. 
Sciatic,  divided  into  the  er- 
tertial poplittral,  which  rami- 
fies on  the  integuments  and 

I      muscles  of  the  external  side 

I      of  the  leg,  on  the  dorsum  of 

I      the  foot,  and  the  dorsal  sur- 
face of  the  toes;   and  into 

I       the  internal  popliteal,  distri- 
buted on  the  dorsal  surface 

I      of  the  two  last  toes,  to  the 
muscles  of  the  font,  and  on 

I      the   plantar  surface   of  ali 

(^     the  toes. 


Sciatic  Plexus { 


Classifications  of  the  nerves  have  heen  reeom- 
wended  according  to  their  uses,  in  preference  to 
the  ordinary  anatomical  arrangement.  It  has 
been  remarked  that  the  encephalic  nerves  have 
generally  one  root;  the  spinal  two.  Now,  ex- 
periments and  pathological  facts  have  proved, 
that  the  anterior  fasciculus  of  the  narrow  and  the 
anterior  roots  of  the  spinal  nerves  are  inservient 
to  volition  or  voluntary  motion  :  and  that  the 
posterior  faseicultts  and  roots  are  destined  for 
sensibility.  Hence  the  spinal  nerves,  which  have 
two  roots,  must  be  the  conductors  both  of  motion 
a.nd  feeling;  whilst  the  encephalic,  which,  with 
but  few  exceptions,  have  but  one,  can  possess  but 
one  of  these  properties  : — they  must  be  either  sen- 
sitive or  motive,  according  as  they  arise  from  the 
posterior  or  anterior  fasciculus  of  the  medulla : 
and,  consequently,  three  classes  of  nerves  may  be 
distinguished. 

f  Arising,   by   a   single   root, 
_     „  J      from  the  posterior  fascicu- 

1.  iiensori/  j      j^^  ^j.  ^^^  medulla  oblon- 

[      gata  or  spinal  marrow, 
f  Arising,    by   a   single    root, 

2.  Motor \      from  the  anterior  fascicu- 

(      lus  of  the  same  parts, 
r  Which  have  two  roots  :  one 
5,  Sensory      and    \       from  the  anterior,  and  one 

Motor  ]       from  the  posterior  fascicu- 

[      lus. 

According  to  Sir  Charles  Bell,  the  medulla  ob- 


longata is  composed  of  three  fasciculi  on  each 
side ;  an  anterior,  a  middle,  and  a  posterior. 
Whilst  the  anterior  and  posterior  fasciculi  pro- 
duce the  nerves  of  motion  and  sensation  respec- 
tively;  the  middle,  according  to  Sir  Charles, 
gives  rise  to  a  third  set  of  nerves — the  respira- 
tory.    To  this  order  belong  : — 

1.  The   accessory  nerve   of  Willis,  or  superior 

respiratory. 

2.  The  par  vagum. 

3.  The  glosso-pharj'ngcal. 

4.  The  facial  or  respiratory  of  the  face. 

5.  The  phrenic. 

6.  A  nerve  which  has  the  same  origin  as  the 

phrenic ; — the  external  resjyiratory. 

When  a  horse  has  been  hard-ridden,  every  one 
of  these  nerves  is  in  action. 

This  division  is  now,  however,  generally  aban- 
doned, and  there  does  not  seem  to  be  a  third 
column,  especially  destined  for  respiration. 

Sir  C.  Bell,  again,  has  reduced  the  system  of 
nerves  to  two  great  classes.  1.  Those  that  ore 
regular,  primitive,  symmetrical,  and  common  to 
all  animals,  from  the  worm  to  man;  which  have 
double  roots,  and  preside  over  sensibility  and 
motion :  and,  2.  The  irrccfular  or  superadded, 
which  are  added  to  the  preceding,  in  proportion 
as  the  organization  of  nnimuls  otfers  new  or  more 
comjilicated  organs.  To  the  first  class  belong  all 
the  spinal  nerves  and  one  enctphalic — tht  5th 


i 


NERVES 


595 


NERVES 


pair; — to  the  second,  the  rest  of  the  nervous 
system. 

Dr.  Marshall  Hall  has  proposed  a  division  of 
the  nervous  system,  which  is  calculated  to  ex- 
plain many  of  the  anomalous  circumstances  we 
so  frequently  witness.  He  proposes  to  divide  all 
the  nerves  into,  1.  The  cerebral  or  the  sentient 
and  voluntary.  2.  The  h-«e  s^jjjm?  or  excito-mo- 
tory.  3.  The  ganglionic  or  cyclo-ganglionic, — 
the  nutrient  and  secretory.  If  the  sentient  and 
voluntary  functions  be  destroyed  by  a  blow  upon 
the  head,  the  sphincter  muscles  will  still  contract 
when  irritated,  because  the  irritation  is  conveyed 
to  the  spine,  and  the  reflex  action  takes  place  to 
the  muscle  so  as  to  throw  it  into  contraction.  But 
if  the  spinal  marrow  be  now  destroyed,  the 
spl;incters  remain  entirely  motionless,  because 
the  centre  of  the  system  is  destroyed.  Dr.  Hall 
thinks  that  a  peculiar  set  of  nerves  constitutes, 
with  the  true  spinal  marrow  as  their  axis,  the 
second  subdivision  of  the  nervous  system ;  and 
as  those  of  the  first  subdivision  are  distinguished 
into  sentient  and  voluntary,  these  may  be  distin- 
guished into  the  excitor  and  motory.  Ihs  first, 
or  the  excitor  nerves,  pursue  their  course  princi- 
pally from  internal  surfaces,  characterized  by  pe- 
culiar exeitabilities,  to  the  true  medulla  oblongata 
and  medulla  spinalis ;  the  second,  or  the  motor 
nerves,  pursue  a  reflex  course  from  the  medulla, 
to  the  muscles,  having  peculiar  actions  concerned 


principally  in  ingestion  and  egestion.  The  mo- 
tions connected  with  the  first  or  cerebral  subdi- 
vision are  sometimes,  indeed  frequently,  sponta- 
neous ;  those  connected  with  the  true  spinal  are, 
he  believes,  ahoays  excited.  Dr.  Hall  thinks,  too, 
that  there  is  good  reason  for  viewing  the  fifth, 
and  posterior  spinal  nei-ves  as  constituting  an 
external  ganglionic  system  for  the  nutrition  of 
the  external  organs;  and  he  proposes  to  divide 
the  ganglionic  subdivision  of  the  nervous  system 
into,  1.  The  internal  ganglionic,  which  includes 
that  usually  denominated  the  sympathetic,  and 
probably  filaments  of  the  pneumogastric;  and, 
2.  The  external  ganglionic,  embracing  the  fifth 
and  posterior  spinal  nerves.  To  the  cerebral  sys- 
tem he  assigns  all  diseases  of  sensation,  percep- 
tion, judgment,  and  volition — therefore  all  pain- 
ful, mental,  and  comatose,  and  some  paralytic 
diseases.  To  the  true  sjnnal,  excito-motory, 
reflex,  or  diastaltic  nervous  system,  belong  all 
spasmodic  and  certain  paralytic  diseases.  He 
properly  adds,  that  these  two  parts  of  the  ner- 
vous system  influence  each  other  both  in  health 
and  disease,  as  they  both  influence  the  ganglio- 
nic system. 

The  main  views  of  Dr.  Hall  on  the  excito-mo- 
tory function  have  been  generally  embraced. 

The  following  tabular  view  of  the  arrangement 
and  connexions  of  the  nerves  and  nervous  centres 
is  given  by  Dr.  Carpenter. 


Tabular  View  ov  the  Nervous  Centres. 

f  Cerebral  Ganglia,  ") 

Afferent  fibres  derived  |  the  seat  of  the  formation  of  Ideas,  and  the  instrument  |  Afferent  fibres  derived 
from  Sensory  Ganglia;  ef- J  of  the  Reasoning  processes  and  Will;  participating  also  I  from  Sensory  Ganglia;  ef- 
ferent fibres  transmitted  )  with  the  Sensory  Ganglia  in  the  formation  of  theEmo-  |  ferent  fibres  transmitted 
to  fnotor  centres.  tions;  and  thus  the  original  source  of  Voluntary  and.      to  motor  centres. 

I,  Emotional  movements.  J 


Afferent    fibres     derived  "|  f  Afferent     fibres    derived 

from  posterior  column  of  |  Cerebellic  Ga-nglia,  j  from  posterior  column  of 

spinal  cord;  efferent  fibres  )>  for  harmonization  of  muscular  actions;  including  also  ■(  spinal  cord;  efferent  fibres 
transmitted  into  posterior  the  ganglionic  centre  of  the  sexual  sense  (?).  |  transmitted    into    motor 

column.  J  (_  column. 


Radiating  fibres  to  Cere- 
bral Ganglia: — Nerves  of 


Cranio-Spinal  Axis, 

or  centre  of 

Automatic  actions ; 

including — 

Sensory  Ganglia, 


f  Radiating  fibres  to  Cere- 
I   bral  Ganglia; — Nerves  of 


Common  and  Special  Sen-  !  the  seat  of  Sensation,  and  centre  of  Cmiscnstial  (or  In-  !  Common  and  Special  Sen- 
sation ;  —  3Iotor  nerves  {  stinctive)  movements,  or  of  Automatic  actions  involving  )  sation ;  —  Motor  nerves 
forming  part  of  general      sensation.  |  forming  part  of  general 

motor  system.  J  (_  motor  system. 


Afferent 

and  motor 

nerves  of 

Respiration, 

Deglutition,  &fl. 


Aflferent 
and  motor 

fibres,  forming 
Trunks  of 

Spinal  Nerves. 


r   p gs 

RESPIRATORr 

«'2=4 

Baa- 

r/3  P    ci 

and 
Stomato-Gasirio 

O   o  ^ 

Afferent 

Ganglia, 

and  motor 

forming  the  true 

nerves  of               ^ 
Respiration, 

•3  cog 

centres  of  the 
Medulla  Oblongata  ; 

Deglutition,  &c. 

instruments  of  Bcflex 

2  fcD  S? 

movements  or  automa- 

g.2S 

i-9B 

tic  actions  independent  of 

sensation. 

E  fl  °* 

Spinal 
Ganglion,  or 

innect- 
;ments 
d  with 
a   and 

2  E.S     2 

True  Spinal  Cord, 

Afferent 

^^|s" 

consisting  of  a 

"  g  rt  d 

and  motor 

fibres,  forming 

Trunks  of 

Cl      "  n  :x 

coalesced  series  of 

segmental  ganglia, 

the  instru- 

Spinal Nerves. 

^  ^  o  n 

ments  of  Reflex 
operations,  or  Au- 

c g  B 

tomatic  actions  in- 

%'°^%'s. 

dependent  of  Sensa- 

^tc5-3| 

tion. 

S.3^SiS 

NERVES 


NERVUS 


The  nerves  are  covered  and  united  to  the 
neighbouring  parts  by  an  abundant  layer  of  fatty 
areolar  texture,  which  sends,  inwards,  prolonga- 
tions that  separate  the  nervous  cords  and  fila- 
ments from  each  other.  The  arterial  trunks, 
which  furnish  them,  transmit  branches  into  their 
interior.  The  veins  follow  the  same  course  as 
the  arteries.  Absorbents  are  not  easily  traced 
even  on  the  greatest  trunks. 

Nerve,  Accessory,  op  Willis,  Spinal  nerve 
—  n.  Articular,  Axillary  nerve  —  n.  Buccinator, 
Buccal  nerve — n.  Cells,  see  Neuriue — n.  Femoral 
cutaneous,  see  Genito-crural  nerve — n.  Femoro- 
popliteal,  lesser,  Sciatic  nerve,  lesser. 

Nerve  Fibres,  Fila  ner'vea,  Tu'hxdi  ner'vei, 
FihrcB  ^er'vece.  The  minute  fibrils  or  tubules, 
full  of  jervous  matter,  that  constitute  the  nerves. 
Thero  is  a  difference  between  the  central  and  pe- 
ripho  al  portion  : — the  former  has  been  called  the 
axis  '.ylinder  and  primitive  band  ;  the  latter,  the 
med\Uary  or  white  substance  of  Schwann, — being 
that  to  which  the  peculiarly  white  aspect  of  ce- 
tebrospinal  nerves  is  principally  due. 

l^ERVE,  Genital,  see  Genito-crural  nerve — n. 
<lenito-crural,  see  Genito-crural  nerve  —  n.  Glu- 
teal of  the  Sacra}  ^-loxus.  Sciatic  nerve,  lesser — 
Al.  Gustatory,  Hy^^j^lossal  nerve  —  n.  Inguinal, 
Snternal,  Genito-c-unl  nerve  —  n.  of  Jacobson, 
see  Petrosal  gang,\ivTi.  — n.  Lateral  nasal.  Spheno- 
palatine nerve — a.  I'ngual,  Hypoglossal  nerve — 
n.  Naso-ocularia,  J^^^&dl  nerve  —  n.  Naso-palpe- 
bral,  Nasal  nerve — n.  Orbito-frontal,  Ophthalmic 
nerve  —  n.  Ocular,  Optic  nerve  —  n.  of  Organic 
life,  Trisplanchnic  Lcrve  —  n.  Palpebro-frontal, 
Frontal  nerve  —  n.  Popliteal  internal.  Tibial 
nerve,  posterior — n.  Power,  Nervous  power — n. 
Respiratory,  of  the  faae,  Facial  nerve — n.  Respi- 
k-atory,  superior,  Spiual  nerve — n.  Scapulo-hu- 
laeral.  Axillary  nervo  —  n.  Scrotal,  see  Genito- 
crural  nerve — n.  Spiral,  Radial  nerve — n.  Spiral, 
muscular.  Radial  nervij  —  n.  Sub-occipital,  Occi- 
pital nerve— n.  Sub-pi  bian,  Genito-crural  nerve 
—  u.  Superficial  tempeial,  Auricular  nerve  —  n. 
Sympathetic,  Trisplanchnic  nerve — n.  Temporal 
cutaneous.  Auricular  n  jrve  —  n.  Ulnar,  Cubital 
nerve — n.  Vidian,  Pterygoid  nerve — n.  of  Wris- 
berg,  see  Cutaneous  nt;ves — n,  Zygomato-auri- 
cular,  Auricular  nerve. 

NERVES,  COSTAL,  Intercostal  nerves  — n. 
Porsal,  Intercostal  nerves  —  n.  Eighth  pair  of, 
Pneumogastric — n.  Encephalic,  first  pair,  Olfac- 
tory nerves — n.  Encephalic,  eleventh  pair.  Spinal 
nerves— n.  Ethmoidal,  Olfiitctory  nerves — n.  Fifth 
pair,  Trigemini  —  n.  Fou,:th  pair  of,  Patheticus 
iiervus  —  n.  Infra-orbitar,  Sub-orbitar  nerves — n. 
Ninth  pair  of.  Hypoglossal  nerve — n.  Oculo-mus- 
cular,  common,  Motores  o(ulorum  —  n.  Phrenic, 
Diaphragmatic  nerves — n.  3lecurrent,  Laryngeal 
inferior  nerves — n.  Sixth  piir  of.  Motor  oculi  ex- 
ternus — n.  Spinal,  Vertebi  \l  nerves  —  n.  Tenth 
pair  of,  Pneumogastric  —  n.  Third  pair  of,  Moto- 
res oculorum. 

NERVI  ACROMIALES,  Acromial  nerves  — 
n.  Anonymi,  Innominati  ner^i  —  n.  Claviculares, 
Clavicular  nerves — n.  Cutanei  clunium  inferiores, 
see  Sciatic  nerve,  lesser — n.  Divisi,  Trigemini  — 
n.  Entobsenontes,  Afferent  neives — n.  Gustatorii, 
Trigemini. 

Nervi  Molles.  '  Soft  nerves.'  The  anterior 
branches  of  the  superior  cervical  ganglion  of  the 
great  sympathetic,  which  accoupany  the  carotid 
artery  and  its  branches,  around  which  they  form 
intricate  plexuses,  and,  here  and  there,  small 
ganglia.  They  are  called  molles  from  their  soft- 
ness, and  aubru'fi,  from  their  reddish  hue. 

Nervi  Odokatorii,  Olfactory  nerves  —  n.  Re- 
Tersivi,  Laryngeal  inferior  nerves  —  n.  Subrufi, 
Nervi  molles — n.  Vulneratio,  Neurotrosis. 


NERVINE,  JN'ervi'mw,  Neurot'ic,  Keurit'ic, 
Antineuratic,  Antineuropath'  ic.  A  medicine 
which  acts  on  the  nervous  system. 

NERVOUS,  Nervo'sns,  Neuro'des,  Ner'veus, 
Neu'ricus.  Relating  or  belonging  to  the  nerves. 
Strong.     Also,  weak,  irritable. 

Nervous  Attack,  (F.)  Attaque  des  nerfs,  is  an 
affection  accompanied  with  spasm,  pain,  and  dif- 
ferent nervous  symptoms,  to  which  impressible 
individuals  are  liable. 

Nervous  Centres,  see  Centres,  nervous. 
Nervous  Diath'esis  is  teimediAtax'ia  spiri- 
timm,  Anoma'lia  nervo' I'um,  Status  nervo'sus,  & 
erethit'icHs,  Diath'esis  nervo'sa,  Constitu'tio  ner- 
vo'sa,  Nervousness.  Medically,  nervonsness  means 
unusvial  impressibility  of  the  nervous  system. 
Formerly,  it  signified  strength,  force,  and  vigour. 
Recently,  it  has  been  applied  to  a  hypochondri- 
acal condition  verging  upon  insanity,  occasion- 
ally occurring  in  those  in  whom  the  brain  has 
been  unduly  tasked; — a  condition  termed  by  some 
cerebrop' athy  ;  by  others,  brain-fag. 

Nervous  Diseases,  Morbi  nervo' si,  (F.)  3Ia- 
ladies  nerveuses.  Affections  seated  in  the  ner- 
vous system.  To  purely  functional  disease  of 
the  nerves.  Dr.  Laycock  has  given  the  name 
neurcB'mia,  and  to  the  class  of  diseases  he  applies 
the  epithet  neura'mic. 

Nervous  Fluid,  Nervous  principle,  Flu'idum 
ner'veum,  Liq'uidum  nervevm,  Succiis  nerveus, 
Sjiir'itus  vita'lis.  The  fluid  which  is  supposed 
to  circulate  through  the  nerves,  and  which  has 
been  regarded  as  the  agent  of  sensation  and  mo- 
tion. Of  this  fluid  we  know  nothing,  except  that 
it  resembles,  in  many  respects,  the  electric  or 
galvanic.  It  was  formerly  called  Animal  spirits, 
Sj>ir'itiis  aniyna'les,  (F.)  Esprits  animaux. 
Nervous  Pain,  Neuralgia. 
Nervous  Power,  Nerve  power,  Yis  nervo'sa 
sen  nervo'rum,  Neurodyna'mia,  Neurody'namis. 
The  power  of  the  nerves  as  exhibited  in  the  liv- 
ing organism. 

Nervous  Principle,  N.  fluid. 
Nervous  System.     The  nerves  of  the  human 
body  considered  collectively.     See  Nerves. 

Nervous  System  op  the  Automatic  Func- 
tions, Trisplanchnio  nerve  —  n.  System,  gangli- 
onic, see  Trisplanchnic  nerve  —  n.  System,  or- 
ganic, see  Trisplanchnic  nerve — n.  System  of  the 
senses.  Medulla  oblongata — n.  System  of  volun- 
tary motion,  &c.,  Medulla  spinalis. 
NERVOUSNESS,  Nervous  diathesis. 
NERVUS,  see  Nerve,  Penis — n.  Ambnlatorius, 
Pneumogastric  nerve  —  n.  Anonymug,  Tngemini 
n.  Caroticus,  Carotid  nerve  —  n.  Cervico-facialis, 
Cervico- facial  nerve  —  n.  Commcnicans  faciei, 
Facial  nerve  —  n.  Cutaneus  internus,  see  Saphe- 
nous nerves  —  n.  Cutaneus  inttmus  longus,  see 
Saphenous  nerves — n.  Decimus,  Pneumogastric — ■ 
n.  Genito-cruralis,  Cenito-crural  nerve. 

Nervus  Impar.  a  prolongation  of  the  neuri- 
lemma below  the  lower  eztremity  of  the  spinal 
cord,  as  a  fibrous  filament,  which  is  inserted  into 
the  base  of  the  coccyx.  It  was  formerly  regarded 
as  a  nerve  : — hence  its  name. 

Nervus  Incisivus,  Incisive  nerve  —  n.  Inno- 
minatus  Trigemini — n.  Ischiadicus,  Sciatic  nerve 
— n.  Juvenilis,  menis — n.  Latus,  Achillis  tendo — 
n.  Lingualis  lateralis,  Pharyngo-glossal  nerve  — 
n.  Lingualis  Pedius,  Hypoglossal  nerve  —  n 
Lumbo-inguinalis,  Genito-crural  nerve  —  n.  Mix. 
tus,  Trigemini  —  n.  Musculi  pterygoidei,  Ptery- 
goid nerve  —  n.  Naso-ciliaris,  Nasal  nerve  —  n 
Opticus,  Optic  nerve — n.  Pneumogastricus,  Pneu- 
mogastric—  n.  Pudendus  extcrnus,  see  Genito- 
crural  nerve — n.  Quintus,  Trigemini — n.  Sperma- 
ticus,  see  Genito-crural  nerve — n.  Subcutaneus 


NESTIA 


597 


NEURALGIA 


malas,  Orbitar  nerve  —  n.  Sympatheticus  medius, 
Trigemini,  Pnoiimogastric  ■ —  n.  Sympatheticus 
minor,  Facial  nerve  —  n.  Sympathieiis  medius, 
Trigemini  —  n.  Temporo-facialis,  Temporo-faeial 
nerve — n.  Timidus,  Motor  oculi  externus — n.  Tre- 
mellus,  Trigemini  —  n.  Troehlearis,  Patheticus 
nervus — n.  Vagus  cum  aceessorio,  Spinal  nerve. 

NESTIA,  Jejunum. 

NESTIATRIA,  Limotherapeia. 

NESTIS,  Jejunum. 

NESTITHERAPEIA,  Limotherapeia. 

NESTOTHERAPEIA,  Limotherapeia. 

NESTROOT,  Monotropa  uniflora. 

NETLEAP,  Goodyera  pubeseens. 

NETTLE,  ARCHANGEL,  WHITE,  Lamium 
album  —  n.  Dead,  Lamium  album,  L.  amplexi- 
caule  —  n.  Dwarf,  Urtica  urens — n.  Hedge,  Gale- 
opsis  —  n.  Pill-bearing,  Urticaria  pilulifera  —  n. 
Rash,  Urticaria — n.  Stinging,  common,  Urtica. 

NETWORT,  Goodyera  pubeseens. 

NEURADYNAMIA,  Neurasthenia. 

NEUR^MIA,  see  Nervous  diseases. 

NEUR^MIC,  see  Nervous  diseases. 

NEURAL;  from  vcvpov,  'a.  nerve.'  Relating 
to  a  nerve  or  to  the  nervous  system. 

Neural  Arch.  The  arch  formed  by  the  pos- 
terior projections  connected  with  the  body  of  the 
vertebra,  which  protect  the  medulla. 

Neural  Axis,  see  Encephalon  —  n.  Spines, 
Spinous  processes. 

NEURAL'GIA,  from  vevpov,  'a,  nerve,'  and 
aXyoff,  'pain.'  Bheumatis'mus  spu'rius  nervo'sus, 
Neurodyn'ia,  (F.)  Nevralgie,  Nevrodynie,  Ner- 
vmis  2}ain.  A  generic  name  for  a  certain  number 
of  diseases,  the  chief  symptom  of  which  is  a  very 
acute  pain,  exacerbating  or  intermitting,  which 
follows  the  course  of  a  nervous  branch,  extends 
to  its  ramifications,  and  seems,  therefore,  to  be 
seated  in  the  nerve.  The  principal  neuralgias 
have  been  distinguished  by  the  names  facial  (of 
■which  the  itifra-orhitar,  maxillary,  and  frontal 
are  but  divisions) — the  ilio-scrotal,  femoro-po'pli- 
teal,  femoro-pretibial,  jjlantar,  and  cubito-digital. 
A  division  of  anomalous  neuralgiaj  has  Ukewise 
been  admitted. 

All  varieties  of  neuralgia  are  obstinate,  and  the 
greatest  diversity  of  means  has  been  made  use 
of: — bleeding,  general  and  local, — emetics,  pur- 
gatives, rubefacients,  vesicants,  actual  cautery, 
narcotics,  mercurial  frictions,  electricity ;  de- 
struction of  a  portion  of  the  nerve,  &c.  The 
most  successful  remedy,  perhaps,  is  the  carbo- 
nate of  iron,  given  in  doses  of  some  magnitude ; 
as,  for  instance,  ^ss  or  ^ij,  twice  or  thrice  a  day, 
in  molasses.  This  plan  of  treatment,  continued 
for  a  month  or  two,  will  generally  relieve,  and 
ultimately  remove  this  much  dreaded  affection. 
The  mode  in  which  it  acts  is  by  no  moans  clear ; 
but  it  is  almost  as  certain  as  any  other  remedy 
used  in  disease  in  producing  its  salutary  effects. 
The  bowels  must  be  kept  free ;  and  all  inflam- 
matory symptoms  removed  during  its  adminis- 
tration. 

Neural'gia,  Anom'alous.  Under  this  name 
Chaussier  has  included  different  neuroses,  some 
of  which  are  characterized  by  acute  pains  circum- 
scribed within  a  short  compass,  or  extending  by 
irradiations,  but  not  having  their  seat  in  the 
course  of  a  nerve ;  and  others  which  are  occa- 
sioned by  tumours  in  the  course  of  a  nerve,  or 
which  succeed  contusions  or  incomplete  divisions 
of  nerves. 

Neuralgia  Brachialis,  Brachialgia — n.  Bra- 
chio-thoracica.  Angina  pectoris  —  n.  Cruralis,  N. 
femoro-tibialis. 

Neuralgia  Cu'bito-digitalis,  Is'chias  ner- 
vo'sa  digita'lis.    In  this  variety  the  pain  extends 


from  the  part  where  the  nerve  passes  under  the 
inner  condyle  to  the  back  of  the  hand  and  to  its 
cubital  edge. 

Neuralgia  Dentalis,  Odontalgia  nervosa. 

Neuralgia,  Fa'cial,  Neuralgia  fa'ciei,  Tris- 
mus maxilla'ris,  T.  JJolorificus,  Opsial'gia,  Do- 
lor crii'cians  faciei,  Hemicra'nia  idiopath'ica, 
Autal'gia  doloro'sa.  Tic  douloureux.  Dolor  faciei. 
Dolor  faciei  typ'ico  charade' re,  D.  F.  Fothergilli, 
Trismus  clon'icus,  T.  dolorif'icus,  Eheumatisi'inus 
cancro' BUS,  Ithematis'mua  larva'tus,  Prosopjnl'gid, 
Prosopodyn'ia,  Dolor  faciei  period'icus,  Febris 
top'ica,  Ophthalmodyn'ia  period'ica,  Tortu'ra 
Oris,  Affectus  spasmodico-convulsi'vus  Labio'rum, 
is  characterized  by  acute  lancinating  pains,  re- 
turning at  intervals  ;  and  by  twinges  in  certain 
parts  of  the  face,  producing  convulsive  twitches 
in  the  corresponding  muscles.  It  may  be  seated 
in  the  frontal  nerve,  in  the  infra-orbitar,  or  in  the 
maxillary  branch  of  the  fifth  pair. 

Iletojwdyn'ia,  Broio-o.gue,  Neural'gia  fronta'- 
lis,  Ojihthabnodyn'ia,  Tic  douloureux.  Dolor  pe- 
riod'icus, &c.,  commences  at  the  superciliary  fora- 
men and  extends  along  the  ramifications  of  the 
frontal  nerve  that  are  distributed  on  the  forehead, 
upper  eyelid,  caruncula  lacrymalis,  and  nasal 
angle  of  the  eyelids.  Sometimes  it  is  felt  parti- 
cularly in  the  orbit. 

Neuralgia  infra-orhita'ria,  Dolor  faciei  atrox, 
Rheumatis'mvs  cancro'sits,  Trismus  clon'icus,  Pro- 
sopal'gia,  Febris  top'ica,  Odontal'gia  remit'tens 
et  intermit' tens,  Hemicra'nia  sava,  Lifra-orhitar 
neuralgia.  Tic  douloureux,  is  chiefly  felt  in  the 
infra-orbitar  foramen,  whence  it  passes  to  the 
cheek,  upper  lip,  ala  nasi,  lower  eyelid,  &c. 

In  Neuralgia  maxilla'ris,  Gnaihal'gia,  Gnatho- 
neural'gia,  Tic  doidoureux.  Trismus  catarrha'lia 
7naxillaris,  the  pain  usually  sets  out  from  the 
mental  foramen  and  passes  to  the  chin,  lips,  tem- 
ple, teeth,  and  tongue. 

Neuralgia,  False.  A  term  assigned  to  pains 
along  a  nerve  or  its  ramifications,  produced  by 
some  body  compressing  it, — those  pains  termina- 
ting with  the  removal  of  the  compressing  cause. 

Neuralgia  Fem'oro-poplit^'a,  Sciat'ica, 
Schias,  Ilalum  ischiad'icum.  Morbus  ischiad'icus, 
Passio  ischiad'ica,  Ischiagra,  Ischialgia,  Ischio'- 
sis,  Coxal'gia,  Neural'gia  Ischiadica,  Dolor  Is- 
chiad'icus nervo'sus,  Is'chias  nervo'sa  Cotuguii 
vel  Cotunnii,  Neurisch'ias,  Ischias  nervo'sa  pos- 
ti'ca,  Is'chias,  Cox'agra,  Ischias  rheumat'icum, 
Ischiat'ica,  Ischoneural' gia,  (F.)  Sciatique,  Goutte 
sciatique.  This  is  characterized  by  pain  follow- 
ing the  great  sciatic  nerve  from  the  ischiatic 
notch  to  the  ham,  and  along  the  peroneal  surface 
of  the  leg  to  the  sole  of  the  foot. 

Neuralgia  Fem'oro-pRjEtibia'lis,  N.  crural, 
Ischias  nervo'sa  anti'ca,  Scelal'gia  anti'ca.  In 
this,  the  pain,  setting  out  from  the  groin,  spreads 
along  the  fore  part  of  the  thigh,  and  passes  down, 
chiefly,  on  the  inner  side  of  the  leg,  to  the  inner 
ankle  and  back  of  the  foot. 

Neuralgia  of  the  Heart,  Angina  pectoris — 
n.  Hepatica,  Hepatalgia. 

Neuralgia  Ilio-Scrotal  has  been  rarely  ob- 
served. It  is  characterized  by  a  very  acute  pain, 
in  the  course  of  the  branches  of  the  first  lumbar 
pair ;  this  pain  follows  the  crista  ilii  and  accom- 
panies the  spermatic  vessels  to  the  testicle,  which 
is  often  painfully  retracted. 

Neuralgia,  Lead,  see  Lead  rheumatism  —  u, 
Lienis,  Splenalgia. 

Neural'gia  Mamm^,  Ir'ritahle  breast.  An  ex- 
ceedingly painful  affection  of  the  female  mamma, 
unaccompanied  by  inflammation. 

Neuralgia  Planta'ris.  This  is  rare;  and 
the  pain  is  confined  to  the  course  of  the  plantar 
nerves. 


NEURASTHENIA 


59S 


NE  VBINE 


ISTeuhalgia  Renum,  Nephralgia  —  b.  Spinalis, 
Spinal  irritation — n.  Testis,  Orchidalgia. 

NEURASTHENI'A,  Neurachjna'mia,  DehW- 
itas  vervo'sa.  Debility  or  impaired  activity  of 
the  nerves  ;  from  vtvpov,  '  a  nerve/  and  aa&evua, 
'debility.' — See  Irritable. 

NE  URIC  US,  Nervous. 

NEURILEMM'A,  Neurile'ma,  NeurUy'Tna, 
Keu'rymen,  Perineu'rion,  Fis'tula  seu  Tu'bulus 
seu  Cajy'sula  seu  Involu'crum  nervo'rum,  3Iem- 
hra'na  seu  Membran'nla  seu  Tu'nica  seu  Indu- 
men'tiim  nervo'rum,  Vagi'na  nervo'rum;  (F.) 
Nivrilemme  ;  from  rtv^ov,  'a  nerve,'  and  \eniia, 
'  a  coat.'  The  fine  transparent,  and  apparently 
fibrous  membrane  that  surrounds  the  nerves  —  to 
every  filament  of  which  it  forms  a  true  canal. 

NEURILEMMATITIS,  Neurilemmitis. 

NEURILEMMI'TIS,  Neurilemmati'tis,  Neu- 
rolernmati'tls,  Neiirili'tia,  (F. )  Nevrilcmmite. 
Same  etymon.    Inflammation  of  the  neurilemma. 

NEURILITIS,  Neurilemmitis. 

NEURILYMA,  Neurilemma. 

NEURINE,  MeduU'a  nervo'rum,  (F.)  Nevrine. 
The  substance  of  which  the  nervous  system  is 
composed.  It  consists  chiefly  of  albumen  and  a 
peculiar  fatty  matter,  associated  with  phosphorus. 
There  are  two  kinds  of  neurine — the  one  vesicu- 
lar or  consisting  essentially  of  nerve  vesicles  or 
nerve  cells  or  corpuscles,  or,  as  they  are  some- 
times called,  from  their  prevailing  in  the  ganglia 
— gmu/lion  corpuscles  and  cjancjlion  globules ;  the 
othei",  the  tubular;  formed — as  the  word  imports 
—  of  tubules.  The  former  is  the  cineritious  or 
cortical  nervous  matter  of  the  older  anatomists; — 
the  latter,  the  white  or  medullary.  The  vesicular 
neurine  appears  to  be  concerned  in  the  produc- 
tion and  distribution  of  nerve-power;  the  tubular, 
in  its  conduction. 

NEURISCHIAS,  Neuralgia  femoro-poplita3a. 

NEURITIC,  Nervine. 

NEURI'TIS,  Inffcimma'fio  nervo'rum,  Nenro- 
pMogo'sis,  Neurophleg'mone,  (F.)  Injlammation 
des  Nerfs,  Nevrite,  from  vevpov,  '  a  nerve,'  and 
itis,  a  suffix  denoting  inflammation.  Inflamma- 
tion of  a  nervo. 

NEUROBLACI'A,  from  vavpov,  'a  nerve,'  and 
PXaKua,  '  stupor.'     Insensibility  uf  the  nerves. 

NEUROCHONDRO'DES,  from  vevpov,  'a  si- 
new,' x'^vSpoi,  'a  cartilage,'  and  ciSos,  'resem- 
blance.' A  hard  substance  between  a  sinew  and 
a  cartilage. 

NEURODES,  Nervous. 

NEURODYNAMIA,  Nervous  power, 

NEURODYNAMIS,  Nervous  power. 

NEURODYNIA,  Neuralgia. 

NEUROGAMIA,  Magnetism,  animal. 

'N'El!TMG''R,A'PliY,  Neurograph'ia ;  from  vtv- 
pov,  'a  nerve,'  and  ypacf}ri,  'a  description.'  The 
part  of  anatomy  which  describes  the  nerves. 

NEURO-HYPNOTISM,  see  Magnetism,  ani- 
mal. 

NEUROLEMMATITIS,  Neurilemmitis. 

NEUROL'OGY,  Neurolog"ia,  (F.)  Nevrologie, 
from  vevpov,  'a,  nerve,'  and  }^oyog,  'a,  discourse.' 
That  part  of  anatomy  which  treats  of  the  nerves. 

NEURO'MA,  (F.)  Nevrome,  from  vevpov,  'a 
nerve.'  A  morbid  enlargement  of  a  nerve.  Ap- 
plied to  subcutaneous,  circumscribed,  and  highly 
painful  tumours  formed  on  the  tissue  of  the 
nerves ;  and  likewise  to  small,  hard,  grayish  tu- 
mours of  the  size  of  a  pea,  which  are  observed  in 
the  course  of  nerves,  and  appear  to  be  formed 
from  the  neurilemma. 

NEUROMALA'CIA ;  from  vevpov,  'a  nerve,' 
and  ua\nKia,  'softening.'     Softening  of  nerves. 

NEUROMETRES,  Psoaj. 


NEUROMYELI'TIS,  from  vevpov,  'a  nerve, 
live\os,  'marrow,'  anditis,  denoting  inflammation. 
Inflammation  of  the  medullary  matter  of  the 
nerves. 

NEURON,  see  Nerve. 

NEURON'OSOS,  Neuronu'sos,  from  vevpov,  'a 
nerve,'  and  vocos,  '  a  disease.'  A  disease  of  tho 
nerves. 

NEURONYG'ME,  Neuronyg'mus,  Neuronyx'is, 
from  vevpov,  'a  nerve,'  and  vvypri,  'puncture;' 
Punc'tio  nervi.     Puncture  of  a  nerve. 

NEUROPATH'IC,  Neurop>at}i'icus,iroTa  vevpov, 
'a  nerve,'  and  -raOos,  'a  disease.'  Belonging  to 
disease  of  the  nerves,  to  Neuropathi' a  or  Neu^ 
ron'osos. 

NEUROPHLEGMONE,  Neuritis. 

NEUROPHLOGOSIS,  Neuritis. 

NEUROPLAS'TY,  Neuroplas'tice,  (F.)  Nev- 
roplastie,  from  vevpov,  'a  nerve,'  and  TrAaorixos', 
'forming.'  M.  Serres  applies  this  term  to  a  gan- 
glionary  alteration  of  the  peripheral  nerves. 

NEUROPYRA,  Fever,  nervous.  Typhus  mitior. 

NEUROPYRETUS,  Fever,  nervous,  Typhus 
mitior. 

NEURO'SES,  (F.)  Nevroses,  from  vivpov,  'a 
nerve.'  A  generic  name  for  diseases  supposed 
to  have  their  seat  in  the  nervous  system,  and 
which  are  indicated  by  disordered  sensation,  vo- 
lition, or  mental  manifestation ;  without  any  evi- 
dent lesion  in  the  structure  of  the  parts,  and 
without  any  material  agent  producing  them. 
Such  is  the  usual  definition.  Broussais  attributea 
them  to  a  state  of  irritation  of  the  brain  and  spi- 
nal marrow. 

NEURO-SKELETON,  see  Skeleton. 

NEUROSPASMI,  see  Spasm. 

NEUROSTHENI'A,  (F.)  Nevrostlenie,  from 
vevpov,  'a  nerve,'  and  aOeveia,  'strength.'  Excess 
of  nervous  irritation.     Nervous  irritation. 

NEUROTHELIC  APPARATUS,  Corpus  pa- 
pillare. 

NEUROTIC,  Nervine. 

NEUROT'ICA.  Diseases  of  the  nervous  func- 
tion.    The  4th  class  of  Good's  Nosology, 

NEU'POTOME,  Nexirot'omits ;  from  vevpov, 
'a  nerve,'  and  repvui,  'I  cut,'  'I  dissect.'  An 
instrument  used  by  anatomists  to  dissect  the 
nerves.  It  is  a  long  and  very  narrow  scalpel, 
having  two  edges. 

NEIIROT'OMY,  Neurotom'ia,  (F.)  Nevroiomie. 
Same  etymon.  Dissection  of  the  nerves.  Also, 
an  incised  wound  of  a  nerve. 

NEUROTRO'SIS,  Neurotros'm.m,  from  vevpov, 
'a  nerve,'  and  rpwo-ij,  'wounding.'  Nervi  vulne- 
ra'fio.     Wound  or  wounding  of  a  nerve. 

NEUROTROSMUS,  Neurotrosis, 

NEURYMEN,  Neurilemma. 

NEUTA,  Neutha.  A  membrane,  according  to 
Paracelsus,  which  covers  the  eyes  and  ears  of  the 
foetus  in  utero. 

NEUTRAL,  from  Tjeuier,  'neither.'  Belonging 
to  neither  in  particular. 

Neutral  Salts,  Sec'ondary  salts,  (F.)  Seh 
nentres.  Salts,  composed  of  two  primitive  saline 
substances,  combined  together,  and  not  possess- 
ing the  characters  of  acid  or  of  base. 

NEVIS,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Thermal 
springs  in  the  department  of  Allior,  France. 
Temperature,  136°  to  148°  Fahrenheit. 

NEVRALGIE,  Neuralgia— n.  du  Foie,  Hepa- 
talgia — 71.  des  Reins,  Nephralgia — n.  de  I'  Utirua, 
Hysteralgia. 

NEVRILEMME,  Neurilemma. 

NEVR1LE2IMITE,  Neurilemmitis. 

NEVRINE,  Neurine. 


NE  VRITE 


599 


NITEAS 


KE  VRITE,  Neuritis. 

NEVRODYNIE,  Neuralgia. 

NEVROLOGIE,  Neurology. 

NEVROME,  Neuroma. 

NEVROSE  DU  CCEUR,  Angina  pectoris. 

NEVROSES,  Neuroses. 

NEVROSTHENIE,  Neurosthenia. 

NEVROTOME,  Neurotome. 

NEVROTOMIE,  Neurotomy. 

NEVUS,  Najvus. 

NEW  JERSEY,  MINERAL  WATERS  OE. 
In  the  upper  part  of  Morris  county  and  in  the 
county  of  Hunterdon,  near  the  top  of  Musconet- 
eong  mountain,  there  are  chalybeate  springs, 
which  are  resorted  to.    See  Schooley's  Mountain. 

NEW  YORK,  MINERAL  WATERS  OE. 
The  chief  waters  are  those  of  Ballston,  Saratoga, 
and  Sharon. 

NEXUS  STAMINEUS  OCULI,  Ciliary  body. 

NEZ,  Nasus. 

NIANDRIA  ANO?.IALA,  Anisodus  luridus. 

NICARAGUA  WOOD,  see  Ccesalpinia. 

NICE,  CLIMATE  OF.  The  climate  of  Nice 
possesses  some  advantages  over  the  neighbour- 
ing climates  of  Provence  and  Italy,  being  free 
from  the  sirocco  of  the  latter,  and  protected 
from  the  mistral  of  the  former.  Spring  is  the 
most  unfavourable  season.  The  climate  is  very 
dry.  It  has  been  a  great  winter  retreat  for  the 
consumptive ;  but  does  not  deserve  the  enco- 
miums that  have  been  passed  upon  it. 

NICKAR  TREE,  Gymnocladus  Canadensis. 

NICODE'MI  O'LEUM,  Oil  of  mcmle'mus. 
An  oil  made  by  digesting,  for  some  time,— in  a 
mixture  of  white  wine  and  olive  oil, — old  turpen- 
tine, litharge,  aloes,  saffron,  oxyd  of  zinc,  &o. 

NICOTIANA,  N.  tabacum — n.  Minor,  N.  rus- 
tica. 

Nicotia'na  Rus'tica,  called  after  Nicot,  who 
carried  it  to  Europe ;  iV.  minor,  Priapei'a,  Hi/os- 
cij'amus  lu' terns,.  English  Tobacco.  The  leaves 
possess  the  properties  of  tobacco,  but  are  milder. 

NicOTiANA  Tab'acum,  Nicotia'na,  Eerha  ta- 
baoi,  Tahacum,  Petiim,  Petun,  Hyoscy'ainus  Pe- 
riivia'nus.  Tobacco,  Vircjin'ia  tobacco,  (E.)  Tabac, 
Nicotiane.  Tobacco  is  a  violent  acro-narcptic ; 
its  properties  seeming  to  depend  upon  a  peculiar 
principle,  Nicotin  or  Nicotianin.  It  is  narcotic, 
sedative,  diuretic,  emetic,  cathartic,  and  errhine. 
In  incarcerated  hernia,  it  is  injected,  in  the  form 
of  smoke  or  infusion,  but  requires  great  caution. 
It  is  extensively  and  habitually  used  as  an  errhine 
and  sialogogue.  The  infusion  is  used  to  kill  ver- 
min, and  in  some  cutaneous  eruptions. 

NICOTIANE,  Nicotiana  tabacum. 

NICOTIANIN,  see  Nicotiana  tabacum. 

NICOTIN.  see  Nicotiana  tabacum. 

'  NICTATIO,  Hippus,  Nictatio. 

NICTA'TION,  Nicta'tio,  Nictita'tio,  from  vic- 
tare,  'to  wink.'  Clonus  nictita'tio,  Blepharism'tis, 
Paljpebra'tio,  TwinJding  of  the  eye,  (F.)  Cli(jnote- 
ment,  Clignement,  Cillement,  Souris.  A  rapid 
and  repeated  movement  of  the  eyelids,  which 
open  and  shut  alternately.  As  occasionally  per- 
formed, it  is  physiological ;  if  repeatedly,  a  dis- 
ease. It  seems  to  be  executed  chiefly  by  the 
motor  7th  pair  of  nerves  ;  but  it  is  necessary  that 
the  excitor  5th  pair  should  likewise  be  in  a  state 
of  integrity. 

NIDAMENTUM,  Decidua. 

NIDOREUX,  Nidorous. 

NI'DOROUS,  Nidoro'aus,  (F.)  Nidoreux,  from 
Nidor,  Cnissa,  'the  smell  of  any  thing  burnt,' 
<fcc.  Having  the  smell  of  burnt  or  corrupt  animal 
matter. 

NIDUS,  Nidus  hirundinis. 


NiDTTS  Hirun'dinis,  Nidun,  Swalloips'  Neat. 
A  deep  fossa  in  the  cerebellum  —  so  called  from 
its  fancied  resemblance — situate  between  the  ve- 
lum meduUare  posterius  in  front,  and  the  nodu- 
lus  and  uvula  behind. 

NIEDERBRONN,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Saline  waters  in  the  department  of  Bas-Rhin, 
France,  which  contain  chloride  of  sodium,  sul- 
phate of  magnesia,  and  carbonic  acid. 

NIELLE,  Nigella. 

NIGELLA,  Coptis. 

Nigel'la,  N.  Sati'va,  Melan'thium,  Cumi'mim 
Nigrum,  Fennel  flower,  Nutmeg  flower,  iJevil  in 
a  bush,  (F.)  Nigelle,  Nielle.  This  small  southern 
European  and  Syrian  plant  was  formerly  used 
medicinally  as  an  expectorant  and  deobstruent, 
errhine,  sialogogue,  <fcc. 

NIGELLE,  Nigella. 

NIGHT-BLINDNESS,  Hemeralopia. 

NIGHT  EYES,  Crusta  genu  equina — n.  Mare, 
Incubus. 

NIGHTSHADE,  AMERICAN,  Phytolacca 
decandra — n.  Bittersweet,  Solanum  dulcamara — 
n.  Common,  Solanum  —  n.  Deadly,  Atropa  bella- 
donna—  n.  Enchanter's,  Circaja  Lutetiana  —  n. 
Garden,  Solanum  —  n.  Palestine,  Solanum  sanc- 
tum—  n.  Stinking,  Hyoscyamus  niger — n.  Vine, 
Solanum  dulcamara  —  n.  Woody,  Solanum  dul- 
camara. ^ 

NIGREDO  A  SOLE,  Ephelides. 

NIGRITA,  Negro. 

NIGRITIES,  Melanopathia  —  n.  Ossium,  Ca- 
ries. 

NiGRITISM,  Melanopathia. 

NIGRITUDO,  Melanosis— n.  Pulmonum,  Me- 
lanosis pulmonum. 

NIGROMANTIA,  Necromancy. 

NIGROR,  Melasma. 

NIGRUM  OCULI,  PupiL 

NIHIL  ALBUM,  Zinci  oxydum — n.  Griseum, 
Zinci  oxydum. 

NILIACUM,  Mel. 

NINDSIN,  Slum  ninsi. 

NINE-DAY  FITS,  Trismus  nascentium. 

NINSI,  Slum  ninsi. 

NINSING,  Panax  quinquefolium. 

NINZIN,  Slum  ninsi. 

NIPPLE,  Sax.  nypele.  The  Teat,  Tit,  Bug, 
Pap,  Acromas'tium,  Vber,  Staph'ylis,  Stajifiyl'- 
ium,  Bubona,  Mammil'la,  Mammel' la,  Papjil'la, 
Thele,  Tit'the,  Titthos,  Tit'thion,  Titthis,  (F.) 
Mamelon.  The  conical  tubercle,  situate  at  the 
centre  of  the  breast.  Towards  the  central  part 
of  each  breast  the  skin  changes  colour,  and  as- 
sumes a  rosy  tint  in  young  females,  or  a  reddish 
brown  in  those  who  have  suckled  several  chil- 
dren. The  circle  is  called  the  Areola  or  Aureola 
of  the  nipple.  The  nipple  is  capable  of  erection 
on  being  excited. 

NIPPLEAVORT,  Lapsana. 

NIRLES,  Herpes  exedens. 

NISUS,  Nixus,  Peira,  Straining,  from  Lat. 
nitor,  '  to  endeavour.'  A  voluntary  retention  of 
the  breath,  so  as  to  force  down  the  diaphragm; 
the  abdominal  muscles  being  at  the  same  time 
contracted  forcibly.  In  this  manner  the  contents 
of  the  abdomen  are  compressed;  and  the  evacua- 
tion of  the  faeces,  urine,  <Scc.,  is  efiected. 

Nisus,  Effort  —  n.  Formativus,  Plastic  force. 

Nisus  Parturientium.  The  efforts  or  forcing 
during  parturition. 

NITEDULA,  Cicindela. 

NITON,  MINERAL  A7ATERS  OF.  These 
springs  in  the  Isle  of  Wight  contain  iron,  and 
sulphate  of  alumina  and  potassa. 

NITRAS  KALICUM,  Potassa3  nitras— n.  Lix- 
ivia3,  Potassa3  nitras — n.  Natricum,  Soda,  nitrate 
of —  n.  Plumbicus,  Plumbi  nitras  —  n,  Potassa* 


NITRATE 


600 


NOISETTE 


cum  sulphure  fusus,  Potassae  nitras  fusus  sul- 
phatis  paucillo  mixtus  —  n.  Sub-bismuthicum, 
bismuth,  sub-nitrate  of. 

NI'TRATE,  Nitras.  A  salt,  formed  of  a  base 
and  nitric  acid.  Several  nitrates  are  employed 
In  medicine. 

NITRATE  B'ANMONIAQUE,  Ammonia 
nitras  —  n.  D' Argent,  Argenti  nitras. 

NITRE,  Potassee  nitras  —  n.  Cubic,  Soda,  ni- 
trate of. 

NITPi-IC  ACID,  Acidum  ni'tricvm,  A.  azo'ti- 
eum,  A.  sep'ticum,  A.  nitri,  Aqua  fortis,  Nitrous 
acid,  Sjnr'itus  nitri  duplex,  Sp.  nitri  fumans,  Sp. 
nitri  Glaube'ri,  Azot'ic^  acid,  Bephlogisticated 
nitrous  acid,  Oxysepton'ic  acid,  Spir'itim  nitri 
ac"idus,  (F.)  Acide  nitrique.  ,Nitric  acid  is  ob- 
tained from  nitre — Nitrate  of  potassa.  Its  odour 
is  stiffocating;  taste  very  acid  and  caustic.  It  is 
corrosive,  liquid,  colourless,  and  transparent. 
S.  g.  1.500. 

Strong  nitric  acid  is  rarely  used  except  as  an 
application  to  foul,  indolent  ulcers,  or  to  warts. 
When  given  internally,  it  is  in  the  form  of  the 
Acidum  ni'tricum  dilu'tum,  Spir'itus  nitri  sim- 
plex, Sp.  nitri  vulga'ris — the  Diluted  nitric  acid, 
which,  in  the  Pharmacopoeia  of  the  United  States, 
consists  of  nitric  acid,  gj,  water,  ^ix,  by  measure. 
Diluted  largely  with  water,  it  is  used,  as  a  drink, 
in  fevers  of  the  typhoid  kind  ,■  in  chronic  affec- 
tions of  the  liver,  syphilis,  &c. ;  but,  in  the  latter 
affections,  it  is  not  to  be  depended  upon. 

NITROGEN,  Azote. 

Ni'trogen,  Gaseous  Oxide  of,  Nitrous  oxide, 
Protox'ide  of  nitrogen  or  of  azote.  Paradise  gas, 
Intoxicating  gas,  Laughing  gas,  De2)Mogistica.ted 
nitrotis  gas.  Gas  azot'icum  oxygena'tum.  This 
gas,  when  respired,  produces  singular  effects ; 
great  mental  and  corporeal  excitement ;  and, 
generally,  so  much  exhilaration  as  to  render  the 
appellation,  "laughing  gas"  by  no  means  inap- 
propriate. It  has  not  Ijeen  much  used  in  medi- 
cine, although  recommended  in  paralysis.  Its 
effects  are  too  violent  and  too  transient  to  render 
it  a  valuable  remedial  agent ;  and,  in  the  deli- 
cate, it  has  been  productive  of  unpleasant  effects, 
inducing  palpitation,  fainting,  and  conviilsions. 

Nitrogen,  Protoxide  of.  Nitrogen,  gaseous 
oxide  of.        ^ 

NITROGENE,  Azote. 

NITROGENIUM,  Azote. 

NI'TROGENIZED,  A'zoted,  A'zotized.     Con- 
taining nitrogen  or  azote: — as  a  nitrogenized, 
.  azoted,  or  azotized  aliment. 

NITRO-MURIAT'IC  ACID,  Ac"idum  nitro- 
vmriat'ieuni,  Nitro-hydrochlor'ic  acid,  Hydro- 
chloro-nitric  acid,  Aqua  regia.  Aqua  styg"ia, 
Chrysulca,  Aqua  regis,  Acidum  muriaticum  ni- 
tro' 80-oxygena' turn,  Jilens'truum  auri,  (F.)  Eau  re- 
gale. A  mixture  of  the  nitric  and  muriatic  acids, 
has  been  used  in  diseases  of  the  liver,  in  the  form 
of  a  hath  for  the  feet  and  legs  made  sharply  aci- 
dulous. It  has,  also,  been  employed,  and  with 
more  uniform  results,  in  cutaneous  affections. 
Whatever  advantage  it  may  possess  in  internal 
diseases  —  and  these  advantages  are  doubtful  — 
they  are  probably  dependent  upon  the  chlorine 
formed  by  the  mixture,  or  upon  the  properties 
Ijoasessed  by  the  mineral  acids  in  general.  See 
Chlorine. 

The  Acidum  nitro-muriaticum  of  the  Pharma- 
copoeia of  the  United  States  is  formed  by  mixing 
four  fluidounces  of  nitric  acid  with  eight  of  muri- 
atic acid. 

NITROUS  OXIDE,  Nitrogen,  gaseous  oxide  of. 
NCTRUM,  Natron,  Potassas  nitras  —  n.  Anti- 
quorum,  Soda  —  n.  Cubicum,  Soda,  nitrate  of — 
Xi   Factitium,  Borax  — n.  Flaramans,  Ammoniiu 
nitrao — n.  Lunare,  Argenti  nitras — n.  Rhomboi- 


dale.  Soda,  nitrate  of — n.  Saturnitium,  Plumbi 
nitras  —  n.  Vitriolatum  Schroederi,  Potassa3  sul- 
phas—  n.  Tabulatum,  Potassaj  nitras  fusus  sul- 
phatis  paucillo  mixtus — n.  Vitriolatum,  Potassa? 
sulphas. 

NIX,  Snow — n.  Fumans,  Calx  viva — n.  Zinci 
Zinci  oxydum. 

NIXUS,  Nisus  —  n.  Parturientium,  Nisus  par 
turientium. 

NOAH'S  APvK,  Cypripedium  luteum. 
NOBLE,  Noh'ilis,  Prin'cip)al,  Essen'tial. 
Noble  Parts,  Partes  essentia'les.  Some  ana- 
tomists have  given  this  name  to  parts,  without 
which  life  cannot  exist;  such  as  the  heart,  liver, 
lungs,  brain,  <fee.  The  organs  of  generation  have, 
likewise,  been  so  called. 

NOCAR,  vufcap,  Torjjor  Soporif'icus.  Lethargic 
torpor. 

NOCTAMBULATIO,  Somnambulism. 
NOCTAMBULISMUS,  SomnambuUsm. 
NOCTAMBULUS,  Somnambulist. 
NOCTILUCA,  Cincindela. 
NOCTISURGIUM,  Somnambulism. 
NOCTUI'NI  OC'ULL     Gray  or  blue  eyes.— 
Castelli. 
NOCTURNA  BELLA,  Coitus. 
NOCTUR'NAL,  Noctur'nus,  Nycter'inus,  from 
nox,  '  night.'     Relating  to  night,  as  Febris  noc- 
ttir'na  seu  nycter'ina.     A  fever  occurring  in  the 
night. 

NODDING,  Annuitio. 
NODDLEPOX,  Syphilomania. 
NODE,  Nodus,  Emphy'ma  exosto'sis  j)<'rins'tea, 
(F.)  Nodosite,  Noend;  from  Hebr.  IJ,   'a  heap.' 
A  hard  concretion  or  incrustation,  which  forms 
around  joints  attacked  with  rheumatism  or  gont. 
Some  include,  under  this  name,  exostoses,  arti- 
cular calculi,  ganglions,  and   even  the    clironic 
swellings  of  the  joints,  known  under  the  name 
of  white  swellings. 
NODES,  Edentulus. 

NODI  DIGITORUM  MANUS,  Phalanges  of 
the  fingers — n.  Lactea,  Infarctus  mammte  lacteus 
— n.  Nervorum,  Ganglions,  nervous — n.  Ha3mor- 
rhoidales,  see  Hsemorrhois. 
NODOI,  Nefrendes. 
NODOSIA,  see  Nefrendes. 
NODOSITE,  Node. 

NOD'ULI  KRkW'Ill,NoduliMorgagn'il, Cor'- 
pora  Aran'tii.  The  small  sesamoid  bodies  situate 
on  the  periphery  of  the  semilunar  valves  of  the 
aorta  and  pulmonary  artery,  for  the  better  occlu- 
sion of  the  arter3^ 

NoDULi  MoRGAGJfii,  Noduli  Arantii  —  n.  Ner- 
vorum, Ganglions,  nervous. 

NOD'ULUS,  diminutive  of  nodus,  'a  knot.'  A 
small  knot.  A  small  prominence  or  lobule  in  the 
j)ortion  of  the  cerebellum,  which  forms  the  poste- 
rior boundary  of  the  fourth  ventricle.  The  nodu- 
lus  is  on  the  median  lino,  and  before  the  uvula. 
See  Vermiform  process,  inferior. 

NODUS,  Articulation,  Edentulus,  Encystis, 
Hamma — n.  Cerebri,  Pons  Varolii  —  n.  Chirurgi- 
cus,  Knot,  surgeon's  —  n.  Encephali,  Naud  de 
I'Encephale,  Pons  Varolii — n.  Hystericus,  Globus 
hystericus — n.  Vitas,  Centrum  vitale. 
NOESIS,  Intellect. 

NCEUD,  Node  —  n.  du  Chirurgien,  Knot,  sur- 
geon's— n.  Emhalleur,  Knot,  packer's. 

NCEUD  DE  L'ENCEPEALE  (F.),  Nodus 
Enceph'ali.  M.  Cruveilhier,  under  this  name, 
includes  the  pons  Varolii,  peduncles  of  the  cere- 
brum and  cerebellum,  and  the  tubercula  quadri- 
gemina. 

NCEUD  VITAL,  Centrum  vitale. 
NGEUDS,  Cnleuli,  arthritic. 
NOISETIER,  Corylus  avollnna. 
NOISETTE,  Corylus  avcllana  (nut.) 


NOIX 


601 


NOSTALGIA 


NOIK,  Juglans  regia  (mis)  —  n.  AmSncaine, 
Jatropha  cui-cas — n.  des  Barhades,  Jatropha  cur- 
eas — n.  Cathartique,  Jatropha  curcas — n.  d'Eau, 
Trapa  natans — n.  de  GaJle,  see  Quercus  infectoria 
—  )i.  de  Serpent,  see  Thevetia  Ahouai  —  n.  Vo- 
miqiie,  see  Strychnos  bux  vomica. 

NOLA  CULINABJA,  Anemone  Pulsatilla. 
NOLI  ME  TANGERE,  Lupus,  see  Chancreux 
(^Bouton.) 

NOMA,  Cancer  aquaticus  —  n.  Pudendorum, 
Colpocace  infantilis. 

NOM'AD,  Nom'ade,  Nomas,  from  voixri,  'pas- 
turage.' An  epithet  given  to  people  who  have 
no  fixed  habitation,  and  who  travel,  with  their 
flocks,  from  country  to  country,  for  pasturage. 
Such  are  the  Tartars.  By  analogy,  the  word 
Nomad'ic  has  been  applied  to  spreading  ulcer. 

NOMBRIL,  Umbilicus  —  n.  de  Venus,  Cotyle- 
don umbilicus. 

NOME,  Cancer  aquaticus,  Phagedenic  ulcers. 

NO'MENCLATURE,  Nomencla'tio,  Nomen- 
clatu'ra,  Onomatolog"ia,  Onomatocle'sh,  Termon'- 
ology,  Termxnol'ogij,  OrismoV ogy ,  from  ovojia, 
'name,'  and  KaXtoi,  'I  call.'  A  collection  of 
terms  or  words  peculiar  to  a  science  or  art.  In 
all  sciences,  nomenclature  is  an  object  of  import- 
ance ;  and  each  term  should  convey  to  the  stu- 
dent a  definite  meaning.  The  Lavoisierian  no- 
menclature was  a  valuable  gift  to  chemistry;  and 
anatomy  has  derived  advantage  from  the  labours 
of  Barclay,  Dumas,  and  Chaussier,  who  have 
given  names  to  parts  indicative  of  their  situation. 
See  Muscle.  The  nomenclature  of  pathology  has 
required  the  greatest  attention ;  and  although 
repeated  attempts  have  been  made  to  improve  it, 
the  barbarous  terms  that  disgrace  it  are  still 
frequently  adopted.  It  consists  of  Hebrew  and 
Arabic  terms ;  Greek  and  Latin,  French,  Italian, 
Spanish,  German,  English,  and  even  Indian,  Afri- 
can, and  Mexican;  often  barbarously  and  illegiti- 
mately compovmded.  A  want  of  principle  in 
founding  the  technical  terms  of  medicine  is  every 
where  observable.  They  have  been  formed  :  — 
1.  From  colour;  as  Ileleena,  Melas,  Airabilis, 
Leuce,  Alplios,  CJdorosis,  Bubeola,  Scarlatina, 
Purpura,  &c.  2.  From  duration;  as  epJiemeral, 
quotidian,  tertian,  and  quartan,  continued,  and  in- 
termittent, &c.  3.  From  Birds,  Beasts,  Fishes, 
Insects,  and  Plants;  as  Rahies  canina,  Cynanche, 
Boidimia,  Pica,  Hippopyon,  Elepihantiasis,  Urti- 
caria, Lichen,  Ichthyosis,  &<i.  4.  From  Persons 
or  Places ;  as  llorbus  Herculeus,  Fades  Hipjoo- 
cratica,  Lepra  Arahum,  Plica  Polonica,  Sudor 
Anglicus,  Morbus  Gcdlicus,  Ignis  Sancti  Antonii, 
Chorea  Sancti  Viti,  &c. 

NOMUS,  Cancer  aquaticus. 

NON-NAT'URALS,  Non  natura'lia.  Under 
this  term  the  ancient  physicians  comprehended 
air,  meat,  and  drink,  sleep  and  watching,  motion 
and  rest,  the  retentions  and  excretions,  and  the 
affections  of  the  mind.  They  were  so  called,  be- 
cause they  affect  man  without  entering  into  his 
composition,  or  constituting  his  nature;  but  yet 
are  so  necessary  that  he  cannot  live  without  them. 

NON-SANE,  Insane. 

NON-STRIATED  MUSCULAR  FIBRE,  see 
Muscular  fibre. 

NONUS  HUMERI  PLACENTINI,  Teres 
minor — n.  Linguae  musculus,  Genio-glossus  —  n. 
Vesalii,  Peroneeus  tertius. 

NOOS,  Intellect. 

NORMA  VERTICALIS,  see  Normal. 

NORMAL,  Norma'lis,  from  norma,  '  a  perpen- 
dicular,' 'a  rule.'  According  to  rule;  perpen- 
dicular. 

The  normal  line,  norma  vertica'lis,  of  Blumen- 
bach,  is  a  vertical  line  let  fall  from  the  promi- 
nence of  the  frontal  bone  and  shaving  the  supe- 


rior maxillary,  so  as  to  mark  the  projection  of 
the  latter  bone  beyond  the  arch  of  the  forehead. 

NORRIS'S  DROPS,  see  Antimonium  tartari- 
zatum. 

NORTON'S  DROPS,  Liquor  hydrargyri  osy- 
muriatis. 

NOSACERUS,  Sickly. 

NOSE,  Nasus — n.  Bleed,  Epistaxis  —  n.  Run- 
ning at  the,  Coryza. 

NOSELI'A,  Nosocome'sia,  Nosocomia,  from 
I'ocros,  'disease.'     Care  of  the  sick. 

NOSEMA,  Disease. 

NOSENCEPH'ALUS,  from  voaog,  'disease,' 
and  lyKeipaXoi,  '  brain.'  A  monster  whose  skull 
is  open  only  on  the  frontal  and  parietal  regions, 
the  posterior  fontanelle  being  distinctly  present. 

NOSEROS,  Insalubrious,  Sick. 

NOSEUMA,  Disease. 

NOSOCOMESIS,  Noselia. 

NOSOCOMIA,  Noselia. 

NOSOCO'MIAL,  Nosocomia' lis,  from  vosoco- 
miuw,  'an  hospital.'  Relating  to  an  hospital,— 
as  'nosocomial  or  hospital  fever.' 

NOSOCOMIUM,  Hospital. 

NOSOCOMUS,  Infirmier. 

NOSODES,  Insalubrious,  Sick,  Sickly. 

NOSODOCHIUM,  Hospital. 

NOSOGENESIS,  Pathogeny. 

NOSOGENIA,  Pathogeny. 

NOSOGENY,  Pathogeny. 

NOSOG'RAPHY,  N'osograph'ia.,  from  vocro;,  'a 
disease,'  and  ypu^w,  '  I  describe.'  A  description 
of  diseases. 

NOSOL'OGT,  Nosolog"ia,  from  rotroj,  'a  dis- 
ease, and  Aoyof,  'a  discourse.  A  name  given  to  that 
part  of  medicine  whose  object  is  the  classification 
of  diseases.  The  most  celebrated  nosological 
systems  have  been  those  of  Sauvages  (1763),  Lin- 
nfBus  n.763),  Vogel  (1764),  Sagar  (1776),  Mac- 
bride  (1772),  Cullen  (1772),  Darwin  (1796),  Selle, 
Criehton  (1804),  Parr  (1809),  Swediaur  (1812), 
Pinel  (1813),  Young  (1813),  Good  (1817),  Hosack 
(1818),  &Q,.  Besides  these  general  nosographies, 
others  have  been  published  on  Surgery  exclu- 
sively, none  of  which  are  particularly  worthy  of 
enumeration  amongst  nosological  systems.  No- 
sological arrangements  have,  also,  been  formed 
of  single  families  or  groups  of  diseases.  Plenck, 
of  Baden,  is  the  author  of  two  different  treatises 
of  this  kind:  the  one,  a  methodical  arrangement 
of  the  diseases  of  the  eyes,  and  the  other,  of  cu- 
taneous diseases.  Dr.  Willan  published  an  ar- 
rangement of  cutaneous  diseases,  which  was  com- 
pleted by  Dr.  Bateman,  and  adopted  into  the 
Nosology  of  Dr.  Hosack.  Mr.  Abernethy,  also, 
published  a  methodical  classification  of  tumours, 
and  many  other  partial  nosological  classifications 
might  be  enumerated.     Also,  Pathology. 

NOSON'OMY,  Nosonom'ia,  from  voaog,  'a  dls. 
ease,'  and  ovo/za,  'name.'  The  nomenclature  of 
diseases. 

NOSOPH'YTA,  from  voaog,  'disease,'  and  ^vroy, 
'  a  plant.'  A  disease  supposed  to  be  produced  by, 
or  to  consist  in  the  development  of  parasitic 
plants — as  porrigo,  mentagra,  &c. —  Gruby. 

NOSOPCE'US,  Nosopoet'icus,  from  voaog,  'dis- 
ease,' and  TTotcu,  '  I  make.'  That  which  causes 
disease. 

NOSOS,  Disease. 

NOSOTAX'Y,  Nosotax'ia,  from  voaog,  'a  dig- 
ease,'  and  Tai,ig,  'arrangement.'  The  distributioa 
and  classification  of  diseases. 

NOSOTHEO'RIA,  from  voaog,  'disease,'  and 
■Stupta,  'doctrine.'  The  doctrine  or  theory  of 
disease. 

NOSTAL'GIA,  from  voCTTOf,  'return,'  'a  jour- 
ney home,'  and  oKyos,  '  pain.'    Nostoma'nia,  Al*> 


NOSTOMANIA 


602 


NUCLEUS 


traa'aia,  ApodemiaV gia,  Paihopatridal' rjia,  Paio- 
jiatridal'gia,  PhilopatridaV ijici, PhilojMtridoma' - 
nia,  Adenion'ia,  Ademos'yue,  Home-sickness,  (F.) 
Nostalgie,  Maladie  du  jDa?/s.  An  affection  pro- 
duced by  the  desire  of  returning  to  one's  country. 
It  is  commonly  attended  by  slow  wasting,  and 
sometimes  by  hectic,  which  may  speedily  induce 
death.  M.  Pinel  properly  regards  it  as  a  variety 
of  melancholy. 

KOSTOMANIA,  Nostalgia. 
NOSTRASSIA,  Nostalgia. 
NOSTRILS,  Nares. 
NOSTRUM,  Arcanum. 

NosTEUir,  Chittick's.  An  empirical  remedy 
for  stone  in  the  bladder,  said  to  be  a  solution  of 
alkali  in  veal-broth. 

NOTA   MATERNA,   Nsevus  — n.    Primitiva, 
Groove,  primitive. 
NOT^  INFANTUM,  Nsevi. 
NOTAL,  Dorsal. 

NOTAL'GrIA,  Notial'gia,  {Nostalgia,  impro- 
perly, of  Kochlin  and  others,)  from  vmro^,  'the 
back,' and aAyo J, 'pain.'  Pain  in  the  back.  Spinal 
iiTitation. 

NOTANENCEPHALIA,  see  Notencephalus. 
NOTCH,  Teut.  No  eke,  Ital.  Xocchia,  Emar- 
gina'tio,  Emaryinatu' ra,  (F.)  Echanerure.  A 
depression  or  indentation  of  different  shape  and 
size,  observed  on  the  circumference  or  edges  of 
certain  bones. 

Notch  of  the  Concha,  Incij?ura  tragica. 
Notch,   EthmOID'al,   (F.)  Echanerure   ethmn'i- 
dale,  is  situate  on  the  frontal  bone,  and  joins  the 
ethmoid.  ^ 

Notches,  Ischiat'ic,  (F.)  Echancrures  Ischia- 
tiques,  are  two  in  number  :  —  the  greater  and  the 
less.  The  former  is  large,  situate  at  the  inferior 
part  of  the  pelvis,  and  formed  by  the  sacrum  and 
ilium.  It  gives  passage  to  the  sciatic  nerve,  py- 
ramidalis  muscle,  and  to  the  superior  gluteal  ves- 
sels and  nerves.  The  latter  is  much  smaller  than 
the  other,  from  which  it  is  separated  by  the  sciatic 
spine.  It  gives  passage  to  the  tendon  of  the  ob- 
turator internus,  and  to  the  internal  pudic  vessels 
and  nerves.  , 

Notch,  Parot'id,  (F.)  Echanerxire  pa.rotidi- 
enne,  is  the  triangular  space  comprised  between 
the  parotid  edge  of  the  inferior  maxillary  bone 
and  the  mastoid  process ;  so  called,  because  it 
lodges  the  parotid  gland.  The  notches  in  soft 
parts  are  generally  called  Fissures. 

Notch,  ScAP'uLAR,^/)icis!i';-a  scapula'ris,  Lu'- 
mda  scap'vlcB,  (F.)  Echanerure:  scupvlaire.  The 
notch  on  the  superior  edge  or  costa  of  the  scapula, 
which  is  converted  into  a  foramen  by  means  of  a 
ligament,  and  gives  passage  to  the  suprascapular 
nerve. 

Notch,  Semilunar  of  the  STERNrir,  Four- 
cliette. 

NOTENCEPHALIA,  see  Notencephalus. 
NOTENCEPH'ALUS,  from  vwroi,  'the  back,' 
and   cyKC(pu}.ov,    'the   head.'     A   monster  whose 
bead,  with  the  brain,  is  on  the  back.     The  con- 
dition   ic   termed  Notencepha'lia   and  Notanen- 
cephu'Ua. —  G.  St.  Hilaire. 
NOTHEUSIS,  Degeneration. 
NOTHIA.  Degeneration. 
NOTIIROTES,  Torpor. 
NOTIIUS,  False. 

NOTI^US,  Dorsal— n.  Myelus,  Medulla  spi- 
nalis. 

NOTIALGTA,  Notalgia. 
NOTOMYELITIS,  Myelitis. 
NOTOMYELUS,  Medulla  spinalis. 
NOTON,  Dorsum. 

NOTOS,  Dorsum,  Vertebral  column. 
NOV  AGE  BE  LA  CORNJEE,  Caligo. 


NOUE,  {Bandage)  (F.);  'knotted/  from  nodu^, 
'2  knot.'  A  bandage  which  has  a  considerablo 
number  of  knots  placed  above  each  other.  It  is 
made  with  a  roller,  6  or  7  ells  long,  rolled  into 
two  balls,  and  is  used  to  compress  the  parotid 
region,  after  the  extirpation  of  the  parotid  gland. 
Also,  an  epithet  applied  to  children  in  whom 
the  disease  of  rickets  has  swollen  the  articnla- 
tions. 

It  is,  likewise,  applied  to  the  gout,  when  it  has 
caused  nodes  on  the  joints. 

NOUET  (F.),  Nod'ulus.  A  bag  filled  with 
medicinal  substances,  and  infused  in  a  liquid  t« 
cominunicate  their  profierties  to  it. 

NOUFFER'S,  MADAJIE,    REMEDY,   Poly 
podium  filix  mas. 
NO  UERICE,  Nurse. 
NOURR ICIER,  Nutritions. 
NO  URRITURE,  Aliment. 
NOUS,  Intellect. 
NOUURE,  Rachitis. 

NOUVEAU-NE    (F.),   Neona'tus,    nvperrwii 
Natus,  Neog'enes,  Neog'iles,  Neog'ilus,  Neog'nuSy 
Infans  recens  natus.     That  which  has  been  just 
born.     A  new-born  infant. 
NOVACULA,  Razor. 
NOYAU,  see  Cytoblast. 

NOYAU  CENTRAL  DES  PEDONCULES 
BU  CERVELET,  Corpus  dentatum. 

NOYER,  Juglans  regia — n.  de  Ceylon,  Adha- 
toda. 

NUAGE,  Nebula. 
NUBECULA,  Enaeorema,  Nebula. 
NUBES,  Enseorema,  Nebula. 
NU'BILE,   Nu'bilis,  'marriageahle,'    'fit   to 
marry.'     Generally,  the  period  of  puberty  is  con- 
sidered to  be  the  age  at  which  both  sexes   are 
nubile.      They  are  truly  nubile,   however,   only 
when  they  are  fitted  to  procreate  healthy  and 
vigorous  children,  and  are  competent  to  discharge 
their  duties  as  parents. 

NUBIL'ITY,  NuhiVitas,  (F.)  NubiHte ;  same 
otymon.  The  state  of  being  nubUe  or  marriage- 
able. 

NUBILOSUS,  Nepheloid. 
NUCES  AQUATICS,  see  Trapa  natans  — n. 
Quereus,  see  Quercus  alba. 

NUCHA,  In'ium,  (F.)  Nuque.  The  rtul-e, 
hinder  part,  or  napie  of  the  neck.  The  part  where 
the  spinal  marrow  begins. 

Ligamen'tum  Nucha.  A  strong  ligament  from 
the  neck,  proceeding  from  one  spinous  process  to 
another,  and  inserted  into  the  occipital  bone.  It 
is  very  strong  in  quadrupeds.  It  is  called  in 
them  Paxyicaxy,  Paxicax,  and  Packuax. 

NUCHAL  RE'GION,  Re'gio  vuchcB  seu  wm- 
cha'lia  seu  occipiita'lis  infe'rior.  The  region  of 
the  nucha  or  nape  of  the  neck. 

NUCISTA,  see  Myristica  moschata. 
NUCK,  CANAL    OF.      A  small  prolongation 
of  the  peritoneum  often   sent  into  the  inguinal 
canal  of  the  female  foetus.     So  called  from  Nuck, 
who  first  described  it. 

NU'CLEATED,  Nuclea'tua,  from  nuclevs,  *a 
kernel.'  Having  a  nucleus  or  central  particle. 
Applied  to  the  elementary  cells  of  organized  tis- 
sues;  the  vital  properties  of  which  are  seated  in 
the  nucleus.     See  Cytoblast. 

NUCLEATED  CELL,  see  Cytoblast. 
NUCLEI  CEMBRiE,  see  Pinus  Cembra— n. 
Ossei,  Ossification,  points  of — n.  Pinese,  see  Finos 
pinea. 

NUCLEOLE,  see  Cytoblast. 
NUCLEOLULE,  see  Cytoblast. 
NUCLEOLUS,  see  Cytoblast. 
NUCLEUS,  see  Cytoblast— n.  Blastodermatis, 
Tache  embryonnaire — n.  Centralis,  Corpus  denta- 
tum—  n.    Cicatriculte,   Tache  embryonnaire — n. 


N'JCULA 


603 


NYMPHS 


Dentatus,  Corpus  dentatum  —  n.  Dentis,  Dental 
pulp  —  n.  Encased,  Cytoblast  —  n.  Fimbriatus, 
Corpus  dentatum — n.  Furunculi,  see  Furunculus 
—  n.  Germinal,  see  Molecule  —  n.  Germinativus, 
see  Molecule  —  n.  Olivse,  Corpus  dentatum  —  n 
Ossifieationis,  Ossification,  point  of — n.  Rhom 
boidalis,  see  Corpus  dentatum. 

NUCULA  TERRESTRIS,  Bunium  bulbocas 
tanum. 

NUKE,  Nucha. 

NUMERICAL  METHOD,  see  Method,  nume- 
rical. 

NUM'MULAR,  Nummula'ris.  Relating  to 
money,  from  niimnms,  'money.'  An  epithet  ap- 
plied to  the  sputa  in  phthisis,  when  they  flatten 
at  the  bottom  of  the  vessel,  like  apiece  of  money. 

NUMMULARIA,  Lysimachia  nummularia. 

NUPHAR  LUTEUM,  Nymphssa  lutea. 

NVQ  UE,  Nucha. 

NURSE,  Sax.  nopiee,  Nutrix,  (from  nourish, 
itself  from  nutrire,)  Tithe'rte,  Trephou'sa,  Lac- 
tans,  Lac'ticans,  Nu'triens,  Thelas'tria,  Manuna, 
(I.)  Nutrice,  (F.)  Nowrice.  One  who  suckles  her 
own  child  or  another's.  One  that  has  the  care 
of  a  sick  person,  (F.)  Garde-malade. 

Nurse,  Dry.  One  who  gives  every  care  to  a 
child,  but  does  not  suckle  it. 

Nurse,  Wet.  A  female,  who  suckles  the  child 
of  a.nother. 

To  '  nurse  artificially,'  is  to  bring  up  a  child  by 
the  hand. 

NUS,  Intellect. 

NUSUS,  Disease. 

NUT,  BUTTER,  Juglans  clnerea— n.  Cembros, 
see  Pinus  cembra — n.  Physic,  Jatropha  curcas — 
n.  Pine,  see  Pinus  picea — -n.  Pistachio,  see  Pista- 
cia  vera — n.  Poison,  see  Strychnos  nux  vomica — 
n.  Purging,  see  Jatropha — n.  Rattle,  Nelumbium 
luteum  —  n.  Soap,  see  Sapindus  saponaria — n. 
Tree,  Malabar,  Adhatoda- — n.  Vomic,  see  Strych- 
nos nux  vomica — n.  Zirbel,  see  Pinus  picea. 

NUTA'TION,  Nuta'tio,  from  nutare,  '  to  nod.' 
Constant  oscillation  of  the  head,  by  which  it 
moves  involuntarily  in  one  or  more  directions. 

NUTATOR  CAPITIS,  Sterno-cleido-mastoi- 
deus. 

NUTMEG,  see  Myristica  moschata — n.  Flower, 
Nigella — n.  Liver,  Liver,  nutmeg. 

NUTRICATIO,  Nutrition. 

NUTRICIER,  Nutritious. 

NUTRICIUS,  Nutritious. 

NUTRIENS,  Aliment,  Nurse. 

NUTRIMBN,  Aliment. 

NUTRIMEN'TAL,  Nutrimenta'lis,  Aliment'al, 
AUmenta'lis,  from  nutrimen,  'aliment.'  Having 
the  qualities  of  food  or  nutriment. 

NUTRIMENTUM,  Aliment,  Pabulum. 

NUTRIT"ION,  Nutrif'lo,  Nutrica'tio,  Niitri'- 
tns,  Alitii'ra,  Threpsi8,iTova  nutrire,  'to  nourish.' 
Nutrition  is  that  function  by  which  the  nutritive 
matter  already  elaborated  by  the  various  organic 
actions,  loses  its  own  nature,  and  assumes  that 
of  the  diiferent  living  tissues, — to  repair  their 
losses  and  maintain  their  strength.  Sometimes 
the  word  is  used  in  a  more  extended  signification, 
to  express  the  whole  series  of  actions  by  which 
the  two  constant  movements  of  composition  and 
decomposition  are  accomplished,  in  organized 
bodies.  Nutrition,  then,  would  comprehend  di- 
gestion, absorption,  respiration,  circulation,  and 
assimilation  ;  the  latter  being  nutrition,  properly 
50  called,  and  being  operated  in  the  intermediate 
system  over  the  whole  of  the  body,  —  the  cells  of 
the  tissues  attracting  from  the  blood  the  elements 
necessary  for  their  reparation. 

NuTRiTiojr,  Force  of,  Plastic  force. 

NUTRIT"IOUS,  Nutric"ius,  Nu'tritive,  Alib'- 
ilisj     Trojjhi'mos,    Trojiho'des,    (F.)    Nourricier, 


Nutricicr.     Having  the  quality  of  nourishing:  aa 
nutritious  food,  nutritious  lymph,  &c. 

Nutritious  or  Nutritive  Arteries,  (F.)  Ar- 
teres  nutricieres.  Arterial  branches  which  enter 
the  foramina  nufricia  of  long  bones,  and  pene- 
trate to  the  medullary  membrane. 

NU'TRITIVE,  Nutritious.     Also,  relating  to 
nutrition:    hence    the    'nutritive    functions,'    or 
those  that  are  concerned  in  nutrition. 
NUTRITUS,  Aliment,  Nutrition. 
NUTRIX,  Mamma,  Nurse. 
NUTS,  WATER,  Nelumbium  luteum. 
NUX  AROMATICA,  see  Myristica  moschata 
— n.  Avellana,  Corylus  avellana  (nut) — n.  Barba- 
densis,  Jatropha  curcas — n.  Becuiba,  Ibicuiba — 
n.  Cathartica  Americana,   Jatropha  curcas  —  n. 
Gallse,  see  Quercus  eerris  —  n.  Juglans,  Juglans 
regia — n.  Medica,  Coco  of  the  Maldives — n.  Me- 
tella,  Strychnos  nux  vomica — n.  Methel,  Datura 
stramonium  —  n.   Moschata,  see  Myristica  mos- 
chata— n.  Myristica,  see  Myristica  moschata — n. 
Pistacia,  see  Pistacia  vera — n.  Ungueutaria,  see 
Myristica  moschata — n.  Vomica,  Strychnos  nux 
vomica. 

NYCTALOPE,  see  Nyctalopia. 

NYCTALOPEX,  see  Nyctalopia. 

NYCTALO'PIA,fromvDf,  'night,'  and  oTrn/iat; 
'I  see;'  Parop'sis  Lucif'uga,  Ni/etalopi'asis,  Cce'- 
citas  diur'na,  Visus  noctur'nus,  Oxyo'pna,  lieme- 
ralo'pia  (moderns,)  Amhlyo'pia  meridia'na,  Ile- 
meratyphlo'sis,  Photophob'ia,  PJiotopholophthal' - 
mia,  JJyso'pia  la'minis,  Visus  a'crior,  Nyc'talojry, 
(F.)  Vue  nocturne,  Aveuglement  de  Jour.  The 
faculty  of  seeing  during  the  night,  with  privation 
of  the  faculty  during  the  day.  It  affects  both 
eyes  at  once  when  idiopathic.  Its  duration  is 
uncertain,  and  treatment  very  obscure.  It  is, 
however,  a  disease  of  nervous  irritability,  and 
one  of  excitement  of  the  visual  nerve  in  parti- 
cular. The  indications  of  cure  will  consequently 
be  —  to  allay  direct  irritation  in  everyway;  t-o 
excite  counter-irritation  by  blisters ;  and  to  gra- 
dually accustom  the  eye  to  the  impression  of 
light. 

One  labouring  under  this  affection  is  called  a 
Nyc'talope,  Ni/c'falops,  Nyctalo'pex. 

NYCTALO'PS,  see  Nyc'*ilopia. 

NYCTALOPY,  Nyctalopia.   ■ 

NYCTERINUS,  Nocturnal. 

NYCTHEMERON,  see  Dies. 

NYCTHE'MERUM,  from  w^,  'night,'  and 
'r}y.zpa,  '  day.'  The  space  of  24  hours,  or  of  a  day 
and  night.  Certain  complaints  continue  only  so 
long. 

NYCTOBADIA,  Somnambulism. 

NYCTOBASIS,  Somnambulism. 

NYCTOBATESIS,  Somnambulism. 

NYCTOBATIA,  Somnambulism. 

NYCTOTYPHLOSIS,  Hemeralopia. 

NYGMA,  Wound,  punctured. 

NYGMATICUM  EMPLASTRUM,  Emplas- 
trum  resinse. 

NYMPHA,  Clitoris. 

NYMPHiE,  from  vvfKJir!,  'a,  water  nymph.* 
AIcB  inter'na  7nino'rea  clitor'idis,  Cariin' cidce  cu- 
ticula'res,  Alee  mino'res,  A.  midie'hres  mino'res, 
Crista  clitor'idis,  Collic'uli  varji'ncB,  Myrtoclii'la, 
MyrtocTieil'ides,  Labia  mino'ra  seu  inter'na,  L. 
puden'di  mino'ra,  (F.)  Nywphes,  Petites  levres. 
Two  membranous  folds,  which  arise  from  tho 
lateral  parts  of  the  prepuce  of  the  clitoris,  and 
descend  on  the  inner  surface  of  the  labia  majora  ; 
terminating,  by  becoming  gradually  thinnei, 
about  the  middle  of  the  circumference  of  the  ori- 
fice of  the  vagina.  They  are  formed  each  of  two 
folds  of  the  mucous  membrane  of  the  vulva;  and 
contain,  in  their  substance,  a  thin  layer  of  spongy, 
erectile  tissue.    Their  use  seems  to  be,— not,  aj 


NTMPHiEA  ALBA 


604 


OBFUSCATIO 


was  once  supposed,  to  direct  the  course  of  the 
Urine,  which  notion  gave  rise  to  their  name,  but 
to  favour  the  elongation  and  dilatation  of  the 
vagina  in  pregnancy  and  labour. 

The  word  vvjupri,  Nymplw,  has  also  been  used 
Bynonymously  with  clitoris  by  Oribasius,  Aetius, 
&c. 

ISTTMPH^'A  ALBA,  LeuconympTicB'a,  Nemi.'- 
pliar,  3IicroJenconymph(B'a,  Casta'lia  speeio'sa, 
White  Wafer  Lily,  (F.)  Nenuphar  hlanc.  Nat. 
Ord.  Ranunculacege.  Sex.  Syst.  Polyandria  Mo- 
nogynia.  Formerly  employed  as  a  demulcent, 
antaphrodisiac,  emollient,  and  slightly  anodyne 
remedy. 

Nymph^a  Isdica,  If.  nelumho  —  n.  Major 
lutea,  N.  lutea. 

Nymph^a  Lu'tea,  N.  major  lutea,  N.  umhili- 
ca'lis,  Nttphar  lu'tenm,  Nenu'phar  lutea,  Nypjho- 
zanthvji  vulga'ris,  Yellow  Water  Lily,  (F.)  Nenu- 
phar ja.tme.     Used  for  the  same  purposes. 

Nymph^ea  Iveluii'bo,  Faba  jEgyptiaca,  Cy'- 
amus  ^yyptiaeua,  Nymphm'a  In'dica ;  Pontic 
or  JSgyptian  Bean.  The  fruit  of  this  is  eaten 
raw  in  Egypt  and  some  of  the  neighbouring 
countries ;  and  is  considered  to  be  tonic  and  as- 
tringent. 

Nymphm'a  Odora'ta,  Sweet-scented  Water 
Lily,  Sweet  ioater  lily,  White  pond  lily.  Toad 
Lily,  Cov)  Oahhage,  Water  Cahhage,  (F.)  Nenu- 
phar odorant.  An  indigenous  plant,  gi'owing  in 
most  parts  of  the  United  States  in  fresh  water 
ponds,  and  on  the  borders  of  streams,  and  having 
large  white,  beautiful,  sweet-scented  flowers. 
The  root  is  very  astringent  and  bitter.  It  is 
sometimes  made  into  a  poultice  and  used  as  a 
discutient. 

Iv  YMPH^A  Umbilicalis,  N.  lutca. 

NYMPHE,  Clitoris. 

NYMPHES,  Nymphfe. 

NYMPHI'TIS;  from  vu/k^i?,  'the  clitoris,'  and 
itis,  denoting  inflammation.  Epjiderrhi'tis,  In- 
fiamma'tio  Clitor'idis.  Inflammation  of  the 
clitoris. 

NYMPHOCLUIA,  Nymphomania. 

NYMPIIOMA'NIA,  from  vu/^^i?,  '  a  bride/  and 


fiavia,  'furyj'  Furor  uteri'nus,  Uter'ima' nia,  La^ 
ne'sis  furor  femini'niis,  Ifetroma'nia,  yEdoeogar'~ 
gains,  JEdoeogaris'mus,  Thelygon'ia,  Erotoma'niaf 
^dceoma'nia,  Aidoioma'nia,  Melancho'lia  vte~ 
ri'na,  Nymphoelu'ia,  Sympto'ma  turpitu' dAnie, 
Androma'nia,  GyncBcoma' nia,  Machlos'yne,  Ente- 
lipathi'a,  Tenti'go  vene'rea,  Hysteroma'nia,  Sa~ 
lao"itas  vulvce,  Uteri  pruri'tus,  Braehu'na,  Arati'~ 
con,  Arsa'tum,  CEstroma'nia,  (F.)  Nympliomanie, 
Fureur  uterine.  An  irresistible  and  insatiable 
desire,  in  females,  for  the  venereal  act.  It  occurs 
in  those  particularly,  who  possess  a  nervous  tem- 
perament, and  vivid  imagination,  especially  if 
excited  by  improper  language,  masturbation,  &c. 
Its  course,  as  described,  is  as  follows.  In  the 
commencement,  the  sufi'ereris  a  prey  to  perpetual 
contests  between  feelings  of  modesty  and  impetu- 
ous desire.  At  an  after  period,  she  abandons 
herself  to  the  latter,  seeking  no  longer  to  restrain 
them.  In  the  last  stage  the  obscenity  is  disgust- 
ing; and  the  mental  alienation,  for  such  it  is, 
becomes  complete.  The  treatment  consists  in  the 
use  of  the  same  means  as  are  required  in  the  sa- 
tyriasis of  man.  When  the  mental  alienation  is 
complete,  solitude  is  indispensable. 

NYMPHON'CUS,  from  wiiipr,,  'the  nympha,' 
and  oyKo;,  '  a  tumour.'  A  morbid  tumefaction  of 
the  nymphse. 

NYMPHOT'OMY,  NympTiotom'ia,  Nynijjha'- 
rum  Sec'tio,  from  vvjjKprj,  'nympha,'  and  Tifivciv, 
'  to  cut.'  An  operation,  known  and  practised  for 
a  long  time,  which  consists  in  the  excision  of  the 
nymphae.  The  operation  is  had  recourse  to,  when 
they  are  attacked  with  scirrhus,  cancer,  fungus, 
or  gangrene ;  or  when  they  are  so  large  as  to  in- 
terfere with  walking  or  coition.  Nympjhotomy  is 
the  circumcision  of  the  female.  It  is  piractised  in 
some  countries. 

Some  authors  have  used  the  term  Nympjhotomy 
for  amputation  of  the  clitoris. 

KYPHOZANTHUS  VULGAP.IS,  K-ymphsea 
lutea. 

NYSTAG'MUS.  A  partial  rotatory  movement 
of  the  eyeball  from  side  to  side.  Also,  Coma  vigil. 

NYXIS,  Puncture. 


0. 


OAK,  BLACK,  Quercus  tinctoria — o.  Common, 
Quercus  robur  —  o.  Jerusalem,  Chenopodium  bo- 
trys — o.  Lungs,  Lichen  pulmonarius — o.  Poison, 
E-hux  toxicodendron  —  o.  Red,  Quercus  rubra 
moutana — o.  Sea,  Fucus  vesiculosus — o.  Spanish, 
Quercus  rubra  montana — o.  White,  Quercus  alba. 

OARIOCYESIS,  Pregnancy,  ovarian. 

OARION,  Ovary. 

OARION'CUS,  Oariophy'ma,  Ova'rium  tu'mi- 
dum.  Tumor  Ova'rii,  from  uapiov,  'the  ovarium,' 
and  oyKog,  '  swelling.'     Ovarian  tumour. 

OARIOPAREC'TAMA,  Oopjhoraux'e,  from 
oapiov,  'ovarium,'  and  irapeKTeiveiv,  'to  extend.' 
Enlargement  of  the  ovary. 

OARIOP.RHEX'IS,  from  uaptov,  'ovarium,' 
and  pn^i-s,  'rupture.'  Jtuptu'ra  Ova'rii.  Rupture 
(if  the  ovary. 

OARIOT'OMY,  Oariotom'ia,  Ovariotom'ia, 
Ocariot'oruy,  irom  laapiov,  'the  ovarium,'  and  rofxTj, 
'  incision.'  The  operation  for  removing  the 
ovary. 

OARI'TIS,  O'dphori'tis,  Oori'tis,  Inflamma'tio 
Ovarii,  Ovari'tis,  (F.)  Liflammation  de  I'Ovaire, 
from  uiuoiov,  'the  ovarium^   and  ilis,  the  termina- 


tion denoting  inflammation.  Inflammation  of  the 
ovarium. 

OARIUM,  Ovary^ 

OARTHROC'ACE,  formed  by  contraction  from 
omo-arthrocace.  Said  to  be  used  by  Rust  to  de- 
signate inflammation  of  the  scapulo-humeral  ar- 
ticular surfaces.  —  Nysten. 

OATMEAL,  see  Avena. 

OATS,  Avena. 

OBAUDITIO,  Baryecoia. 

OBAUDITUS,  Baryecoia. 

OBCiECATIO,  Cajcitas. 

OBDORMIT"IO,  from  oh,  and  dormio,  'to 
sleep.'  The  state  of  the  limbs  being  asleep.  StU' 
por  ar'tunm. 

OBDUCTIO,  Antopsia  cadaverica  legalis. 

OBEL^A  RAPHE,  Sagittal  suture. 

OBESITAS,  Polysarcia— 0.  Colli,  Struma  adi- 
posa — 0.  Nimia,  Pimelosis —  o.  Viscerum,  Phys- 
conia  adiposa. 

OBESITE,  Polysarcia. 

OBESITY,  Polysarcia. 

OBESUS,  Corpulent. 

OBFUSCATIO,  Amaurosis. 


OBITUS 


605 


OBLITERATIO 


OBITrS,  Death. 

OBJECT'IVE  CONE.  The  cone  of  light  pro- 
ceeding from  an  object,  the  apex  of  which  is  on 
the  object,  and  the  base  on  the  cornea. 

Objective  Sensations,  see  Sensation. 

OBLINITIO,  Inunction. 

OBLIQUE',  ObW quits.  Any  thing  inclined,  or 
■which  deviates  from  the  vertical  line.  Anato- 
mists have  given  this  name  to  certain  muscles, 
which  have  an  oblique  direction  as  regards  the 
plane  that  divides  the  body  into  two  equal  and 
symmetrical  halves.     These  are  : — 

Oblique  Muscles  of  the  Abdomen.  They 
are  two  in  number,  and  distinguished  into :  1 
Obliquus  Exter'nus,  Ahdom'inis,  0.  descen'dens 
exter'nus,  0.  descendens,  0.  major,  (F.)  Hio-puho 
costo-ahdom' inal,  Costo-ahdom' inal  (Ch.),  Grand 
ohlique,  Oblique  externe.  One  of  the  broadest 
muscles  of  the  body.  It  is  situate  at  the  lateral 
and  anterior  part  of  the  abdomen ;  and  is  flat  and 
quadrilateral.  It  is  attached,  above,  to  the  outer 
surface  and  lower  edge  of  the  7  or  8  last  ribs  : 
beloic,  to  the  anterior  third  of  the  external  lip  of 
the  crista  ilii :  before,  it  terminates  at  the.  linea 
alba  by  means  of  a  broad  and  strong  aponeurosis, 
which  covers  the  rectus,  and  presents  towards  its 
inferior  part  two  very  solid  fibrous  fasciculi, 
which  are  inserted,  —  the  one  at  the  symphysis, 
the  other  at  the  spine  of  the  pubis,  —  under  the 
name  of  Pillars  of  the  Abdominal  Ring.  These 
pillars  leave  between  them  an  opening,  which 
forms  the  inferior  orifice  of  the  inguinal  canal. 
The  obliquus  externus  abdominis  depresses  the 
ribs,  and  carries  them  backwards  during  a  strong 
expiration.  It  impresses  on  the  chest  a  move- 
ment of  rotation,  and  bends  the  thorax  upon  the 
pelvis,  and  conversely.  It  contracts,  also,  the  ab- 
dominal cavity.  2.  Obliquus  Inter'nus  Abdomi- 
minis,  Jil.  accli'vis,  0.  ascendens,  0.  minor,  0.  in- 
ternus,  0.  ascendens  intermis,  (F.)  Ilio-lombo-costo- 
abdominal,  Ilio-abdominal  (Ch.),  Muscle  petit 
oblique  ou  obliq-ue  interne,  is  broad,  especially 
before ;  thin,  and  irregularly  quadrilateral,  like 
the  preceding,  beneath  which  it  is  situate.  It  is 
attached,  above,  to  the  inferior  edge  of  the  carti- 
lages of  the  5th,  4th,  3d,  and  2d  false  ribs  ;  below, 
to  the  anterior  two-thirds  of  the  interstice  of  the 
crista  ilii,  to  the  posterior  part  of  the  crural  arch, 
and  to  the  pubis ;  behind,  to  the  spinous  processes 
of  the  last  two  lumbar  vertebree,  and  to  those  of 
the  first  two  portions  of  the  sacrum ;  before,  to 
the  linea  alba.  Its  upper  fibres  run  obliquely  up- 
wards and  forwards ;  the  middle  are  horizontal ; 
and  the  lower  pass  obliquely  downwards  and 
forwards. 

These  last,  in  the  male,  are  dragged  down 
through  the  inguinal  ring,  when  the  testicle  des- 
cends, and  form  the  two  fasciculi  of  the  cremaster. 

The  obliquus  internus  resembles  the  0.  exter- 
nus in  function. 

Oblique  Muscles  of  the  Eye,  Amato'rii,  Cir- 
cvmagen'tes,  Rotato'res  Oc'tdi,  are  two  in  number. 
They  are  distinguished  into  :  1.  Obliquus  Superior 
Ocelli,  Amato'rius  mus'culus,  Trochlea' ris,  Troch- 
lea'tor,  Obliquus  major,  Circiimductio'nis  op'i/ex, 
Longis'simus  oc'uli,  (F.)  Optico-trochlei  scleroti- 
cien,  Grand  troehleateur  (Ch.),  Grand  oblique  de 
VwaI,  0.  superieur  de  I'oeil,  Amoureux  {Muscle,)  is 
situate  at  the  inner  and  upper  part  of  the  orbit. 
It  is  small,  round,  fusiform,  and  reflected  upon 
itself  in  the  middle  of  its  course.  Behind,  it  is 
attached  to  the  inside  of  the  foramen  opticum ; 
and  when  it  arrives  opposite  the  internal  orbitar 
process,  it  becomes  a  small,  round  tendon,  which 
slides  in  a  cartilaginous  pulley  fixed  to  the  os 
frontis,  and  is  reflected,  at  an  acute  angle,  to  pro- 
ceed downwards  and  outwards,  and  to  attach 
itself  to  the  outer  and  back  part  of  the  globe  of 


the  eye.  This  muscle  carries  the  globe  of  the  ey8 
forwards  and  inwards;  making  it  exi^erience  a 
movement  of  rotation,  which  directs  the  pupil 
downwards  and  inwards.  This  is  conceived  to  be 
an  involuntary  muscle  as  well  as  the  next.  In 
sleep,  according  to  Sir  C.  Bell,  when  the  power 
over  the  straight  or  voluntary  muscles  of  the 
organ  is  nearly  lost,  the  eye  is  given  up  to  the 
oblique  muscles,  which  lodge  the  transparent  cor- 
nea under  the  upper  eyelid.  At  the  approach  of 
death,  the  same  thing  is  observable;  hence,  the 
turning  up  of  the  eye,  at  such  a  time,  is  not  an 
evidence  of  agony  or  sufi"ering,  but  of  insensibi- 
lity. 2.  Obli'quus  Infe'rior  Oc'idi,  0.  minor  oculi, 
{¥.)  Maxillo-scleroticien,  Petit  Troehleateur  (Ch.), 
Petit  oblique  ou  oblique  inferieur  de  I'oeil,  is  situ- 
ate at  the  anterior  and  inferior  part  of  the  orbit. 
It  is  flat  and  attached  to  the  inner  and  anterior 
part  of  the  orbitar  surface  of  the  superior  maxil- 
lary bone,  on  the  outside  of  the  lachrymal  gutter; 
from  thence  it  passes  outwards  and  backwards, 
and  terminates  by  an  aponeurosis,  at  the  poste- 
rior and  inner  part  of  the  globe  of  the  eye.  It 
carries  the  globe  of  the  eye  inwards  and  forwards ; 
and  directs  the  pupil  upwards  and  outwards. 

Oblique  Muscles  of  the  Head.  These  are 
two  in  number.  1.  Obliquus  Superior  Cap'iiis, 
0.  minor  capitis,  (F.)  Trachelo-ntlo'ido-occipital, 
Atlo'ido-sous-masto'idien  (Ch.),  Muscle  oblique  su- 
perior ou  petit  oblique  de  la  tete.  This  muscle  is 
situate  at  the  sides  of,  and  behind,  the  articula- 
tion of  the  head :  it  is  flat  and  attached,  on  the 
one  hand,  to  the  top  of  the  transverse  process  of 
the  atlas  ;  and,  on  the  other,  terminates  at  the  oc- 
cipital bone,  beneath  the  inferior  curved  line,  and 
sometimes,  also,  at  the  mastoid  region  of  the  tem- 
poral bone.  It  extends  the  head,  —  inclining  it 
to  one  side.  2.  Obliquus  Inferior  Capitis,  Obli- 
quus major,  (F.)  Spini-axo'ido-tracheli-atlo'idienf 
Axo'ido- atloidien  (Ch.),  Oblique  inferieur  ou 
grand  oblique  de  la  tete,  is  situate  at  the  poste- 
rior part  of  the  neck  and  head.  It  is  round,  fusi- 
form ;  attached  to  the  spinous  process  of  the  axis, 
and  proceeds  to  terminate  behind  and  below  the 
summit  of  the  transverse  process  of  the  atlas.  It 
impresses,  on  the  first  vertebra  and  the  head,  a 
movement  of  rotation,  which  turns  the  face  to  one 
side. 

Oblique  Processes,  see  Vertebrse. 

OBLIQUE  EXTERNE,  Obliquus  externus 
abdominis — o.  Grand,  Obliquus  externus  abdo- 
minis—  o.  Grand  de  I'oeil,  Obliquus  superior  ocu- 
li—  o.  Grand  de  la  tete,  Obliquus  inferior  capitis 
—  o.  Inferieur  de  I'oeil,  Obliquus  inferior  oculi — ■ 
o.  Inferieur  de  la  tete,  Obliquus  inferior  capitis — ■ 
o.  Interne,  Obliquus  internus  abdominis — o.  Petit, 
Obliquus  internus  abdominis  —  o.  Petit  de  I'ceil, 
Obliquus  inferior  oculi  —  o.  Petit  de  la  tSte,  Obli- 
quus superior  oculi  —  o.  SupSrieur  de  I'ceil,  Obli- 
quus superior  oculi — o.  Superieur  de  la  tete,  Obli- 
quus superior  capitis. 

OB  LI  QUITE  BE  LA  MATRICE,  Retrover- 
sio  uteri. 

OBLIQUUS  ASCENDENS,  0.  internus  abdo- 
minis —  0.  Auris,  Laxator  tympani  —  o.  Descen- 
dens externus,  0.  externus  abdominis — o.  Major, 
0.  externus  abdominis,  0.  inferior  capitis,  0.  su- 
perior oculi — o.  Minor,  0.  internus  abdominis  — 
0.  Minor  capitis,  0.  superior  capitis  —  o.  Minor 
oculi,  0.  inferior  oculi. 

OBLIT'ERATED,  Oblifera'tus ;  from  oblite- 
rare,  'to  efface,'  {liter ce,  'letters.'?)  A  vessel  or 
duct  is  said  to  be  obliterated,  when  its  parietes 
have  approximated  and  contracted  such  an  adhe- 
sion to  each  other  that  the  cavity  has  completely 
disappeared. 

OBLITEEATIO  COMBLETA,  Ilanantisnma. 


OBLIVIO 


606 


OCCIPITAL 


OBLIVIO,  Amnesia  —  o.  Iners,  Lethargy. 

OBLOBIUM,  Antilobium. 

OB'OLUS,  Onolosat.  A  weight  of  9  or  10  grains. 

OBSCCEN^  PARTES,  Genital  organs. 

OBSCUROISSEMENT DE LA  VUE,  Caligo. 

OBSERVA'TION,  Observa'tio,  (from  ob,  and 
Bcrvare,  'to  keep/  e.  g.  in  sight.)  Tere'sis,  Sym- 
paratere'sis.  Act  of  examining  a  thing  by  means 
of  the  external  senses.  This  word  is  employed  in 
several  acceptations.  It  expresses — 1.  The  action 
of  observing  —  2.  The  aggregate  of  knowledge, 
nfforded  by  observation.  In  French — but  not  in 
English — it  means  the  case  or  history  of  the  phe- 
nomena presented  by  a  patient  in  the  course  of  a 

OBSERVATION',  Case  — o.  Method  of,  Nu- 
merical metliod. 

OBSTET'RIC,  Obstet' ricns ;  same  etymon  as 
obstetrics.  Relating  or  appertaining  to  obstetrics, 
—  as  'obstetric  auscultation,'  'obstetric  explora- 
tion,' cfec. 

Obstetric  Chaiu,  Labour-chair. 
OBSTETRICANS,  Accoucheur. 
OBSTET'RICS,  from  Obstetric,  'a  midwife.' 
TokoVogy,  Tocol'ogy,  Maiei'a,  Ilaeei'a,  Maei'a, 
Maeeu'tica  ars,  Ars  obstetric" ia,  Obstot'ricy,  (F.) 
Obste'trique.  The  art  of  midwifery.  Midwifery 
in  general. 

OBSTETRICY,  Obstetrics. 
OBSTETRIQUE,  Obstetrics. 
OBSTBTRIX,  Midwife. 

OBSTIPATIO,  Constipation  —  o.  Tenesmus, 
Tenesmus. 

Obstipatio,  see  Hump. 

OBSTIPITAS,  Torticollis— 0.  Capitis  seu  Colli, 
Torticollis. 

OBSTRUCTIO,  Emphraxis,  Stegnosis— o.  Al- 
vi,  Constipation — o.  Ductfls  Alimentarii,  Consti- 
pation —  o.  Ductus  Stenoniani,  Stenostenosis  — 
0.  Intestinalis,  Constipation  —  o.  Recti  Spastica, 
Stricture  of  the  Rectum,  spasmodic  —  o.  Pulmo- 
num  pituitosa  febrilis,  Peripneumonia  notha. 

OBSTRUCTION  OF  THE  INTESTINES. 
Enteremphraxis. 

OB'STRUENS,  from  ohstruo,  (ob,  and  struere, 
'to  build,')  'I  stop  up  by  building  against.'  O/j- 
pilati'vus.  A  medicine  which  closes  the  orifices 
of  ducts  or  vessels. 

OBSTUPEFACIENTIA,  Narcotics. 
OBTONDANT,  Obtundens. 
OBTUMESCENTIA,  Mutitas. 
OBTUN'DENS,  (F.)   Obtondant,   from  oltnn- 
dere  (ob  and  tundere,  '  to  beat,')  '  to  beat  against,' 
and   therefore  to   blunt   the   edge.     An  epithet 
applied  to  remedies  that  were  supposed,  accord- 
ing to  an  erroneous  theory,  to  be  possessed  of  the 
power  of  blunting  the  acrimony  of  the  humours. 
A  demulcent  is  one  of  these. 

OBTURAMENTUM,  Emphragma. 
OBTURATEUR  BU  PALAIS,  Palate,  arti- 
ficial. 

OBTURATIO,  Emphraxis. 
OBTURA'TOR,  Obturato'rius,  (F.)  Obturatetir, 
from  obturare,  '  to  close,'  '  stop  up  tlie  entrance.' 
A  name  given  to  several  parts. 

Obtt;rato;r.  Artebt,  Arteria  ohtiirato'ria,  A. 
ohturatrix,  (F.)  Sotis-piibio  femorale  (Ch.),  Artere 
obturatrice,  arises,  most  commonly,  from  the  hy- 
pogastric. It  is,  however,  frequently  given  off 
iVom  the  epigastric  ;  a  matter  of  importance  to  be 
determined  in  cases  of  femoral  hernia.  Of  600 
obturator  arteries  examined  by  Mr.  J.  Cloquet, 
34S  were  furnished  by  the  hypogastric,  and  152 
by  the  epigastric  or  crural.  When  it  arises  from 
thehypogastric,  it  passes  forwards  and  outwards, 
and  then  turns  horizontally  into  the  cavity  of  the 
pelvis,  to  ibsue  from  this  cavity  by  the  opening 
Uft  at  the  upper  part  of  the  obturator  mexrbrane. 


"When,  on  the  contrary,  the  obturator  artery 
arises  from  the  epigastric  or  the  crural,  it  de- 
scends obliquely  inwardfi,  behind  the  os  pubis, 
to  the  obturator  foramen.  At  its  exit  from  the 
pelvis,  the  artery  divides  into  two  branches,  a 
posterior  and  an  anterior,  which  are  distributed 
to  the  muscles  of  the  anterior  and  superior  part 
of  the  thigh. 

Obtura'tor  Fora'men,  Fora'men  Obtvrato'- 
riam,  F.  ii^fra-pubia'num,  Fora'men  ovale,  F.  thy- 
ro'ideuw,  F.  ThyroVdes,  F.  Amplum  Pelvis,  (F.) 
Trou  sous-pubien.  A  large  opening,  of  an  oval 
or  triangular  form,  in  the  anterior  part  of  the  os 
innominatum,  on  the  outside  of  the  symphysis 
pubis  and  beneath  the  horizontal  ramus  of  the 
OS  pubis.  This  foramen  is  closed  by  a  membra- 
nous ligament. 

Obturator  Ligament  or  Membrane,  Sub- 
pubic membrane,  is  a  fibrous  membrane,  fixed  to 
the  whole  circumference  of  the  obturator  fora- 
men, except  above,  where  an  opening  remains  for 
the  passage  of  the  vessels  and  nerves  of  the  same 
name. 

Obturator  Muscles,  Obturato'res,  Botato'rea 
fem'oris.  These  are  two  in  number.  They  are 
divided  into 

a.  Obturator  Exter'nus,  Extra-pelvio-puh'-tro- 
chanterien,  Sous-pubio-trochanterien  exierne  (Ch.) 
A  muscle,  situate  at  the  anterior  and  inner  part 
of  the  thigh.  It  is  broad,  flat,  and  triangular; 
and  is  attached,  on  the  one  hand,  to  the  anterior 
surface  of  the  os  pubis,  to  that  of  the  ischium, 
and  to  the  anterior  surface  of  the  obturator  liga- 
ment. Its  fleshy  fibres  converge  to  the  tendon, 
which  proceeds  to  be  inserted  at  the  inferior  part 
of  the  cavity  of  the  great  trochanter.  This  mus- 
cle rotates  the  thigh  outwards. 

h.  Obturator  Inter'nus,  Marsiipia'lis,  Bnrsa'lia, 
Intra-pelvio-trochanterien,  Sous-pubio-trochante- 
rien interne  (Ch.)  is  seated,  almost  entirely,  in  the 
pelvis.  It  arises  from  the  inner  surface  of  the 
obturator  ligament,  and  from  the  posterior  part 
of  the  circumference  of  the  obturator  foramen, 
and  is  inserted,  by  means  of  a  strong  tendon, 
running  between  the  two  portions  of  the  gemini, 
into  the  cavity  at  the  root  of  the  great  trochan- 
ter ;  after  having  turned  upon  the  ischium,  which, 
forms  for  it  a  kind  of  pulley.  This  muscle  also 
rotates  the  thigh  outwards. 

Obturator  Nerve,  Sous-puhio-femoral,  (Ch.), 
proceeds  principally  from  the  2d  and  Sd  lumbar 
nerves.  It  descends  into  the  pelvis;  gains  the 
obturator  foramen ;  gives  branches  to  the  obtu- 
rator muscles,  and  divides,  behind  the  adductor 
primus  and  pectinalis,  into  two  branches;  one 
anterior,  whose  branches  are  distributed  to  the 
first  two  adductors,  gracilis,  and  integuments ; 
the  other,  posterior,  distributing  its  ramifications 
to  the  obturator  externus  and  third  adductor. 

Obturator  Vein  has,  ordinarily,  the  same  ar- 
rangement as  the  artery.  It  is  common,  however, 
to  find  it  arising  from  the  epigastric ;  whilst  the 
corresponding  artery  proceeds  from  thehypogas- 
tric, and  conversely. 

OBTURATORES,  Obturator  muscles. 
OBVOLVENTIA,  Demulcents. 
OCA,  Oxalis  tuberosa. 
OCCiECATIO,  Ca)citas. 

OCCIP'ITAL,  Occipita'lis.  That  which  be- 
longs to  the  occiput. 

Occipital  Artery.  This  arises  from  the  pos- 
terior part  of  the  external  carotid,  beneath  the 
parotid.  It  proceeds  backwards,  passes  between 
the  mastoid  process  and  the  transverse  process 
of  the  atlas;  reaches  the  occipital  bone  and  di- 
vides into  two  branches,  which  may  be  railed 
ascending  posterior  and  anterior,  and  are  distri- 
buted to  the  neighbouring  muscles  and  ligaments. 


OCCIPITIUM 


607 


OCIMUM 


Uccip'itatj  Bone,  Os  occip'ltis  seu  occiph'ii  seu 
occipita'le,  Od  sphmno  hasila' re,  Os  memo'r'icB,  Os 
nervo'sum,  Os  basila'i-e,  Os  prorce,  Os  pyx'idis  SQW 
eextum  cra'nii  seu  lambdoi'des  seu  lambda  sexi 
laudcs  sen  pvppis  seu  nervo'sum  sen  fibro'sum  seu 
peltticepJiaU ieum,  (F.)  Os  occipital,  is  situate  at 
the  posterior  and  inferior  part  of  the  cranium, 
■which  it  assists  in  forming.  It  is  flat,  symmetri- 
cal, and  curved  upon  itself.  It  presents,  1.  An 
occipital  or  posterior  surface,  which  is  convex, 
and  has,  upon  the  median  line,  the  basilary  sur- 
face, the  foramen  magnum,  through  which  passes 
the  spinal  marrow  with  its  membranes  and  ves- 
sels,— the  external  occipital  crest,  the  external  oc- 
cipital  protuierance  ;  and,  at  the  sides,  the  u2'>2Jer 
curved  line,  large  rough  arched  ridge  or  transverse 
arch  or  linea  semicircularis,  the  lower  cvrved  line, 
the  posterior  condyloid  fosscB,  the  condyles  for  the 
articulation  of  this  bone  with  the  atlas ;  and  the 
anterior  condyloid  fosscB,  pierced  by  a  foramen 
for  the  passage  of  the  ninth  pair  of  nerves.  2.  A 
cerebral  or  ante^-ior  surface.  On  the  median  line 
are:  the  basilary  fosses,  the  inner  orifice  of  the 
foramen  magnum,  the  internal  occipital  crest,  the 
internal  occipital  protuberance,  the  cruciform 
spine;  a  c7ian?ie?,  which  lodges  the  termination 
of  the  straight  sinus,  and  on  each  side,  the  occi- 
pital fossas  distinguished  into  superior  or  cere- 
bral, and  inferior  or  eerebellous,  and  separated  by 
a  groove  which  lodges  the  lateral  sinus.  3.  The 
Burfaces  of  the  occipital  bone  are  separated  by 
four  ridges  and  four  angles.  The  two  superior 
edges  are  articulated  with  the  parietal  bones;  the 
two  lower  join  the  temporal;  and  the  anterior 
angle,  under  the  name  basilary  pirocess,  is  united 
to  the  sphenoid. 

The  occipital  bone  is  developed  from  four 
points  of  ossification;  and  sometimes  from  a 
greater  number. 

Occipital  Muscle,  Occipita'Us.  Many  ana- 
tomists have  given  this  name  to  the  posterior 
fasciculus  of  the  occipito-frontalis. 

Occipital  Nerve,  Sub-occipital  ricrve,  (F.) 
Premiere  paire  trachelienne  (Ch.),  Nerf  occipital 
ou  sous  occipital.  It  arises  from  the  upper  part 
of  the  spinal  marrow  by  eight  or  ten  filaments, 
united  in  two  fasciculi.  Thus  formed,  it  passes 
between  the  foramen  magnum  and  the  posterior 
arch  of  the  atlas  ;  and,  at  this  place,  forms  a  long 
ganglion,  afterwards  dividing  into  two  branches. 
Of  these,  the  anterior,  which  is  long  and  small, 
makes  a  turn  above  the  transverse  process  of  the 
atlas,  and  forms  an  anastomotic  noose  with  a 
branch  of  the  second  cervical  nerve.  The  poste- 
rior branch,  larger  and  shorter,  divides  into  seven 
or  eight  branches,  which  are  distributed  to  the 
muscles  of  the  upper  and  back  part  of  the  neck. 

Occipital  Region,  Occiput. 

Occipital  Vein.  Its  roots  follow  exactly  the 
course  of  the  branches  of  the  artery,  and  unite 
into  a  single  trunk,  which  opens  into  the  internal 
jugular  vein,  and  sometimes  into  the  external. 

OCCIPITIUM,  Occiput. 

OCCIP'ITO  -  A  T '  L  0 1 D,  Occipito  -  atloideus, 
(F.)  Occipito-atlo'idien.  That  which  has  refer- 
ence to  the  occiput  and  atlas. 

Occipito-Atloid  Abticulation  is  the  articu- 
lation of  the  condyles  of  the  occipital  bone  with 
the  superior  articular  cavities  of  the  atlas.  It  is 
strengthened  by  two  ligaments;  the  one  anterior, 
the  other  posterior,  called  occipito-atloid  liga- 
ments.: the  one  extends  from  the  anterior,  the 
other  from  the  posterior,  arch  of  the  atlas,  to  the 
corresponding  portion  of  the  circumference  of  the 
foramen  magnum. 

OCCIP'ITO-AX'OID,  Occipito-axoideus,  (F.) 
Oceipito-iixoidien.  That  which  relates  tc  the 
occipital  bone  and  the  axis  or  second  vertebra. 


OcciPiTO-Axom  Articulation  is  the  connex- 
ion of  the  occipital  bone  with  the  axis  or  second 
vertebra,  although  these  bones  are  not  really  ar- 
ticulated, but  are  merely  retained  in  apposition 
by  three  strong  ligaments,  the  posterior  of  which 
is  called  the  occipito-axoid,  and  the  two  others 
odontoid. 

OCCIPITO-FRONTA'LIS,  Digas'tricus  cra'- 
nii, Epicra'niiis,  Fronta'lis  ct  occipitalis.  The 
mfijority  of  anatomists  call  by  this  name  the 
whole  of  the  fleshy  plane,  with  the  epicranial  or 
coronal  aponeurosis,  (see  Calotte,)  which  covers 
the  head  from  the  occiput  to  the  forehead.  It  is 
attached,  by  its  posterior  fasciculus,  to  the  two 
outer  thirds  of  the  upper  curved  line  of  the  occi- 
pital bone,  and  to  the  outer  surface  of  tne  mas- 
toid portion  of  the  temporal ;  and,  by  its  anterior 
fasciculus,  it  terminates  at  the  eyebrow,  where  it 
becomes  confounded  with  the  supereiliaris,  pyra- 
midalis  nasi,  and  orbicularis  palpebrarum. 

The  occipito-frontalis,  by  the  contraction  of  its 
anterior  fasciculus,  draws  forward  a  part  of  the 
integuments  of  the  cranium.  It  wrinkles  the 
skin  of  the  forehead  transversely,  and  may,  also 
contribute  to  open  the  eye  by  its  decussation  with 
the  orbicularis  palpebrarum.  The  posterior  fas- 
ciculus of  the  muscle  draws  backwards  a  part  of 
the  skin  of  the  cranium,  and  assists  in  stretching 
the  common  aj>oneurosis. 

OCCIP'ITO-MENINGE'AL.  That  which  be- 
longs to  the  occijiital  bone,  and  to  the  meninge 
or  dura  mater. 

OcciPiTO-MENiNGEAL  Arteky,  in  Chaussier's 
nomenclature,  is  a  branch  of  the  vertebral,  given 
off  to  the  dura  mater  at  its  entrance  into  the 
cranium. 

OCCIPUT,  Oceipit'ium,  Regio  occipita'lis.  In' 
ion,  from   ob,  and  caput,  Opisthocrc('niu?n,  Opis- 
thoceph'alon,  Prora,  Occipi'tium.     The  back  part 
of  the  head,  formed  by  the  occipital  bone. 

Occiput,  Soft,  Craniotabes. 

OCCLU'SION,  Occhi'sio,  3fyce,  from  occhi- 
dere,  '  to  shut  up.'  Sometimes  this  word  signi- 
fies, simply,  the  transient  approximation  of  the 
edges  of  a  natural  opening — the  occlusion  of  the 
eyelids,  for  example;  at  others  it  is  synonymous 
with  imperforation,  as  occlusion  of  the  pupil, 
vagina,  &o. 

OCCULT  DISEASES,  see  Latent. 

OCHEMA,  Vehicle. 

OCHETEUMATA,  Nares. 

OCHETOS,  CanaL 

OCHEUS,  Scrotum. 

OCHLE'SIS,  from  ox>^o<;,  'a,  crowd.'  A  term, 
applied  by  Dr.  George  Gregory  to  a  morbid  &on- 
dition  induced  by  the  crowding  together  of  sick 
persons  under  one  roof. 

OCHREA  RUBRA,  Heematites. 

OCHRIASIS,  Paleness, 

OCHROMA,  Paleness. 

OCHROPYRA,  Fever,  yellow, 

OCHROTES,  Paleness. 

OCHROTYPHUS,  Fever,  yellow. 

OCHTHODES,  Callous. 

OCIJIUM  ADSCENDENS,  0.  Basilicum. 

Oci'mum  Basil'icum,  0.  adscen'dens  seu  piio 
Slim  seu  racemo'sum,  Basil'icum,  Beren'daros, 
Basil'iciim  majus,  B.citra'tuw,  Oci'mum  citra'tnm, 
Common  or  Citroji  basil,  (F.)  Basilic  commv.n. 
Nat.  Ord.  Labiatffi.  Sex.  Syst.  Did3'namia  Gym- 
nospermia.  This  herb  has  a  fragrant  odour  ancl 
aromatic  taste.  It  is  used  as  a  condiment,  an(j 
has  been  supposed  to  possess  nervine  properties. 

OcutUM  Caryophylla'tum,  0.  min'i.mnm, 
Smcdl  or  Bush  basil.  Possesses  properties  similar 
to  the  former.     It  is  sometimes  used  as  snuff. 

OciMUJr  CiTRATUM,  0.  Basilicum — o.  Pilosura^ 
0.  Basilicum — o.  Racfirao?um,  0.  Basilicum. 


OCOTEA 


60S 


ODONTOLITHOS 


OCOTEA  PICHURIX,  see  Pichnrim  beans. 

OCREA,  Hippocampus  minor,  Shin. 

OCTA'XA,  Hebdomada'ria,  Febn's  heldoma- 
da'ria,  from  octo,  '  eight.'  A  fever  whose  parox- 
ysms recur  every  week.     A  supposititious  case. 

OGTA'RIUS.  The  eighth  part  of  a  wine-gal- 
gallon.  It  contains  sixteen  fluidounees,  (Ph.  U. 
S.)  to  20  fluidounces  imperial  measure. 

OCTOPUS,  Synapheocephalus,  Hemipages. 

OCTUNX.     A  weight  of  eight  ounces. 

OCULAR,  Ocula'ris;  from  ocuhis,  'at  eye.' 
Of  or  belonging  to  the  eye. 

Ocular  Coxe.  The  cone  formed  within  the 
eye  by  a  pencil  of  rays  proceeding  from  an  ob- 
ject; the  base  of  the  cone  being  on  the  cornea, 
— the  apex  on  the  retina. 

OCULARES  COMMUNES,  Motores  oculorum 
— 0.  Denies,  Canine  teeth. 

OCULAPlIA,  Euphrasia  officinalis. 

OCULI  MARMARTGODES,  Metamorpbop- 
sia  — 0.  Palpebrarum  scabies  pruriginosa,  Oph- 
thalmia tarsi. 

OCULIST,  Oculis'ta,  Ophthalmia'ter, Ifed'icus 
oeula'vius.  One  who  occupies  himself,  chiefly, 
with  the  manasement  of  diseases  of  the  eye. 

OCULISTIQUE,  Ophthalmology. 

OCULO-MUSCULAR  NERVES,  COMMON, 
Motores  oculorum. 

OCULUM  MOVEXS  PRIMUS,  Rectus  inter- 
nus  oculi  —  o.  Movens  quartus,  Rectus  inferior 
oculi — 0.  Movens  secundus.  Rectus  externus  oculi 
— 0.  Movens  tertius,  Rectus  superior  oculi. 

OCULUS,  Eye— o.  Bovinus,  Hydrophthalmia 

—  0.  Bovis,  Chrysanthemum  leucanthemum — o. 
Bubulus,  Hydrophthalmia — o.  Casius,  Glaucoma 

—  o.  Duplex,  Binoculus — o.  Elephantinus,  Hy- 
drophthalmia—  0.  Genu,  Patella — o.  Lacrymans, 
Epiphora  —  o.  Purulentus,  Hypopyon  —  o.  Sim- 
plex, see  Monoeulus — o.  Typhonis,  Scilla. 

OCYMUM,  see  Ocimum  —  o.  Sylvestre,  Cliao- 
podium  vulsrare. 

OCYODYNIC,  Ocytocie. 

OCYPH'ONUS,  from  okv^,  'quick,'  and  fhovo^, 
'murder.'     An  agent  that  kills  speedily. 

OCYTOCEUS,  Ocytocie. 

OCYTOC'IC,  Oxytocic,  Ocytoc'eus,  Ocytoc'iw, 
Ocyt'ucus,  Ocyody'nic,  Odinayo'gus,  from  ofuj, 
'  quick,'  and  toko;,  'laboui-.'  Any  thing  that  ex- 
pedites parturition. 

OCYTOCIUS,  Ocytocie. 

OCYTOCUS,  Ocytocie. 

ODAXIS'MUS,  Odaxes'mus,  Odontocne'sis, 
Odontocnesmm,  from  oi5ouj,  'a  tooth.'  The  pain- 
ful itching  of  the  gums  which  precedes  the  ap- 
pearance of  the  teeth.     Dentition. 

ODES.     A  suffix,  see  Eidos. 

ODEUR,  Odour. 

UDIN,  Pains,  (labour.) 

ODINAGOGUS,  Ocytocie. 

ODINOL'YSIS,  from  ohv,  '  labour  pains,'  and 
Xv(7is-,  '  solution.'     Mitigation  of  labour  pains. 

ODIXOPffi'A,  from  oiiv,  'labour  pains,'  and 
TTOttu,  'I  make.'  Agents  that  encourage  labour 
pains. 

ODIS,  Pains,  labour. 

ODME,  Odour. 

ODONTAGOGON,  Dentagra. 

ODON'TAGRA,  from  oSov;,  'a  tooth,'  and  aypa, 
'a  seizure.'  A  rheumatic  or  gouty  pain  in  the 
teeth.     Dentagra. 

ODONTAL'GIA,  from  oiov;,  'a  tooth,'  and 
aAyoi,  'pain.'  Odon'tia,  Ben'tium  dolor,  Tnolh- 
nch,  Odon'tia  doloro'sa,  Gomphi'asis,  Goviphiaa'- 
v.us,  Odontodyn'ia,  (F.)  Bouleur  des  dents,  Flu.c- 
ton  ear  lea  dents,  Mai  de  dent,  Med  d'aniour.  A 
disease  dependent  upon  a  variety  of  causes  affect- 


ing the  cavity  of  the  tooth ;  but  generally  o-wing 
to  caries,  which  exposes  the  cavity  to  the  action 
of  the  air,  and  to  extraneous  matters  in  general. 
Hence,  the  treatment  consists  in  plugging  the 
tooth,  or  destroying  the  sensibility  of  the  nerve, 
by  powerful  stimulants ;  and,  if  these  means  fail, 
in  extracting  the  tooth. 

Odontalgia  Cariosa,  Dental  gangrene  —  o. 
Dentitionis,  Dentition  —  o.  Hajmodia,  Hasmodia, 

Odontalgia  Nervosa,  Neural'gia  Uenta'lis. 
Neuralgia  of  the  teeth.  Characterized  by  pe- 
riodical pain,  shooting  with  the  utmost  violence 
alocg  the  branches  of  the  fifth  pair  distributed  to 
the  affected  jaw. 

Odontalgia  Remittens  et  Intermittens, 
Neuralgia  infra- orbitaria. 

ODONTALGIC,  Anti-odontalgic. 

ODONTAMBLYOGMUS,  Hremodia. 

ODONTHiEMODIA,  Hsemodia. 

ODONTHARPAGA,  Dentagra. 

ODONTHYPERiESTHESIS,  Hsemodia. 

ODONTIA,  Odontalgia. 

Odontia  Defor'mis.  Deformity  of  the  teeth 
from  error  or  shape,  position,  or  number. — Good, 

Odontia  Dentitionis  LACTANTinw,  see  Denti- 
tion (first) — 0.  Dentitionis  puerilis,  see  Dentition 
(second)  —  o.  Edentula,  see  Nefrendes  —  o.  Ex- 
crescens.  Epulis  —  o.  Incrustans,  Odontolithos-- 
0.  Stuporis,  Hsemodia. 

ODONTIASIS,  Dentition. 

ODONTIATER,  Dentist. 

ODONTI ATRIA,  Dentistry. 

ODONTIC,  Anti-odontalgic. 

ODONTI'TIS,  Odontophley'mone,  from  oiov?, 
'a  tooth,'  and  itis,  denoting  inflammation.  In- 
flammation of  the  teeth. 

ODONTOBOTHRI'TIS,  OdontopJiatni'iis,  In^ 
Jiajnma'tio  alveolo'rum,  from  odontohothrium, 
'alveolus,'  and  itis,  denoting  inflammation.  In- 
flammation of  the  alveoli. 

ODONTOBOTHRIUM,  Alveolus. 

ODONTOCLA'SIS,  from  ocovg,  'a  tooth,'  and 
KXaaiq,  'fracture;'  Fractu'ra  den'tia.  Fracture 
of  a  tooth. 

ODONTOCNESIS,  Odaxismus. 

ODONTOCNESMUS,  Odaxismus. 

ODONTODES,  Odontoid. 

ODONTODYNIA,  Odontalgia. 

ODONTOG"ENY,  Odontogen'ia;  from  ohovg, 
ohovTOi.  '  a  tooth,'  and  ytvzcLs,  '  generation.'  Ge- 
neration or  mode  of  development  of  the  teeth. 

ODONTOGLYPHON,  Dentiscalpium,  Gum 
lancet. 

ODONTOGLYPHUM,  Dentiscalpium,  Gum 
lancet.  ^^ 

ODONTOG'RAPHY,  Odontograph' ia,  from 
ubovs,  'a  tooth,'  and  ypaipri,  'a  description.'  A 
description  of  the  teeth. 

ODON'TOID,  OdontoVdes,  Odonto'dea,  Devti- 
form'ii,  Benta'lis,  Dentoidens,  PyrenoV dee,  from 
o&ovi,  'a  tooth,'  and  tibog,  'shape,'  'resemblance.' 
This  epithet  is  given  to  the  Processus  dentatus  of 
the  second  vertebra  or  axis. 

Odontoid  Lig'aments,  (F.)  Ligaments  odo>- 
to'idiens,  are  two  strong  and  short  conical  fasci- 
culi, whose  truncated  summits  embrace  the  sides 
of  the  odontoid  process,  and  whose  bases  are  fixed 
in  the  fossa3  at  the  inner  side  of  the  condyles  of 
the  occipital  bone.  Their  direction  is  obliquely 
outwards  and  slightly  upwards.  They  enter  into 
the  composition  of  the  occipito-axoid  articuhv- 
tion ;  strengthen  the  junction  of  the  head  with 
the  vertebral  column,  and  limit  the  movement  of 
rotation  of  the  atlas  on  the  axis. 

ODONTOL'ITHOS,  from  o^ouj, 'a  tooth,' and 
Xi-Sof.  '  a  stone.'  A  sort  of  incrustation,  of  a  yel- 
lowish colour,  which  forms  at  the  base  of  the 
teeth,  and  is  called  Tartar,   Tar'tarus  Bentium, 


ODONTOLOGY 


609 


(BILLET 


Odon'tia  incnis'tans,  Cal'eulus  denta'lis,  (F.) 
Tartre  des  Bents.  It  consists  of  seventy-nine 
parts  of  phosphate  of  lime  :  twelve  and  a  half  of 
inueus;  one  of  a  particular  salivary  matter,  and 
seven  and  a  half  of  animal  substance,  soluble  in 
chlorohydric  acid.  Infusoria  have  been  found 
in  it. 

ODO^^'TOL'OGT,  Odontolog"ia,  from  oeovg,^  'a 
tooth,'  and  Aoyof,  'a  discourse.'  An  anatomical 
treatise  of  the  teeth. 

ODOXTOXECROSIS,  Dental  gangrene. 

ODONTOPARALLAX'IS,  from  o^ou?/ a  tooth,' 
and  rapuXXafi;,  'deviation.'  Irregularity  and  ob- 
liquity of  the  teeth. 

ODOXTOPHATXE,  Alveolus. 

ODOXTOPHATXITIS,  Odontobothritis. 

ODOXTOPHYIA,  Dentition. 

ODONTOPE.ISIS,  Brvgmus,  Stridor  dentium. 

ODOXTOSEI'SIS,  Odontoseis'mus,  Den'tium 
rrrcillan'tia.     Looseness  of  the  teeth. 

ODOXTOSEISIVIUS,  Odontoseisis. 

0D0XT03MEGMA.  Dentifrice. 

ODOXTOSPHACELISIS,  Dental  gangrene. 

0D0XT0SPHACELISMU3,  Dental  gangrene. 

ODOXTOSTEPtE'SIS,  from  oiov;,  'a  tooth,' 
and  GTtpriais,  'privation.'     Loss  of  the  teeth. 

ODOXTOSYXEEISMUS,  from  oiov;,  'a  tooth/ 
and  a-vvepi'^tiv,  'to  strike  together.'  (F.)  Chique- 
ment.     Chattering  of  the  teeth. 

ODOXTOTECnXY,  Dentistrv. 

ODOXTOTHERAPIA,  Dentistry. 

ODOXTOTRIMMA,  Dentifrice. 

ODORAMEXTUM,  Odoriferum. 

ODOR  AT,  Olfaction. 
■  ODORATIO,  Olfaction. 

ODORATUS,  Olfaction  — 0.  Deperditus,  Anos- 
mia. 

ODORIF'ERUM,  from  odor,  'odour,'  Bud  fero, 
'I  carry;'  Odoramen'twn.  A  medicine  that  gives 
odour  or  flavour.     A  scent.     A  perfume. 

ODOS,  Way. 

O'DOUR,  Odor,  Odme,  Osme,  (F.)  Odeur.  A 
<me]l.  Odours  are  subtle  particles,  constantly 
escaping  from  the  surface  of  certain  bodies. 
They  act,  in  some  manner,  by  actual  contact 
with  the  nerves  of  the  Schneiderian  membrane, 
and  give  occasion  to  the  sense  of  smell  or  olfac- 
tion. 

ODOUS^  Teeth. 

OD'YXE,  oSvvrj,  'pain,'  Dolor,  Odi/ne'ma.  A 
very  common  suflis  to  words ;  as  in  Pleurodyne. 

ODYNEMA,  Odyne. 

ffiCOXOMIA,  Economy  — (B.  Animalis,  Phy- 
siology. 

(EDALICUS,  (Edematous. 

(EDALIUS,  (Edematous. 

(EDE'MA,  from  oidcw,  'I  am  swollen.'  ITi/- 
drun'cua,  CEdemat'ia,  ITifderon'ois,  Hydafon'cus, 
Hydrooade'ma,  Hydrede'ma,  Hydrops  ceUula'ris 
ar'tuum,  Phlegma'tia,  LeucojMerjma' tia,  Ecphy'- 
nnioedemat'icum,  (F.)  CEdime,  QSdematie,  Enjlnre. 
Swelling  produced  hj  the  accumulation  of  a  se- 
rous fluid  in  the  interstices  of  the  areolar  texture. 
This  swelling  is  soft;  yields  under  the  finger; 
preserves  the  impression  for  some  time,  and  is 
pale  and  without  pain.  It  presents  the  same 
characters  as  anasarca,  which  is  general  cedema. 
Its  etiology  and  treatment  are  also  the  same. 
See  Anasarca. 

(Edema  AcuTirat,  see  Anasarca. 

(Edema  Arsenica'lis.  The  swelling  of  the 
eyelids  and  face,  induced  by  continued  use  of  the 
preparations  of  arsenic. 

(Edema  Calidum,  see  Anasarca  —  ce.  Capitis, 
Hydrocephalus  externus. 

CEde'ma    Cer'ebri,   (F.)    (Ed^me   da  cerveau. 
G'idema  of  the  brain.    A  condition  of  the  cerebral 
39 


pulp,  in  which  there  is  an  infiltration  of  serous 
fluid  into  it,  so  that  it  appears  more  moist  or  wa- 
tery than  common;  and,  when  sliced  or  pressed, 
small  drops  of  water  are  seen  to  ooze  out. 

(Edema,  Compact,  Induration  of  the  cellular 
tissue  —  ce.  Cruentum,  Suggillation  —  ce.  Febrile, 
see  Anasarca  —  oe.  Fugax,  AnatLymiasis  —  oe. 
Hystericum,  Anathymiasis. 

(Edema  of  the  Glottis,  (Edem'atov.s  Laryn- 
gi'tis,  L.  subnhico'sa  sou  cedemato'sa  seu  sero- 
2}urtilcn'ta,  QSde'ma  glot'tidis,  Hydrops  fdot'tidis, 
Angi'na  aquo'sa,  A.  larynge'a  ademato' sa,  Sub- 
mu'coua  Laryngi'tis,  GEdem'atons  angi'na,  (F.) 
Laryngite  cedemateuse,  L.  cede/nateiise  et  sero-pu- 
rulente,  L.  susglottique,  L.  soua-muqueuse,  Angine 
laryngee  cedemateuse,  QSdeme  de  la  glotfe.  A 
disease  consisting  of  serous  or  sero-purulent  in- 
filtration into  the  submucous  tissue  of  the  glottis. 
The  symptoms  resemble  those  of  croup;  but  the 
disease  attacks  the  adult  rather  than  the  child. 
The  age  is,  indeed,  a  principal  means  of  diagnosia 
between  the  two  affections. 

The  disease  is  almost  alwaj-s  fatal.  The  treat- 
ment has  to  vary  according  to  the  accompanying 
general  symptoms. 

(Edema  Lacteum,  Phlegmatia  dolens. 

(Edema  of  the  Lungs,  (Ede'tnn  pulmo'nvm, 
Pneumoch'ysis,  Pneumonade'ma,  Hydrops  Pul- 
mo'num,  Hydropineumo'iua,  Anasar'ca  Pidmo'- 
num,  (F.)  (Edhne  du  poumon.  Laennee  has  so 
called  the  infiltration  of  serum  into  the  tissue  of 
the  lung,  carried  to  such  an  extent  as  to  diminish 
its  permeabOity  to  air.  It  is  not  an  uncommon 
sequela  of  pneumonia,  and  the  major  exanthe- 
mata. The  respiration  is  laborious;  the  respira- 
tory murmur  scarcely  perceptible,  although  the 
thorax  is  largely  expanded,  and  there  is  a  slight 
role  crepitant,  particularly  at  the  base  and  infe- 
rior part  of  the  lung.  The  sound  on  percussion 
is  clear,  and  on  both  sides  equally  so.  The  congh 
is  attended  with  aqueous  expectoration.  In  some 
eases  the  respiration  becomes  puerile  in  a  small 
portion  of  the  summit  of  the  lung. 

(Edema  Xeoxatorum,  Induration  of  the  cellu- 
lar tissue —  oe.  Palpebrarum,  Hj'droblcpharon  — 
oe.  Puerperarum,  Phlegmatia  dolens — a?.  Pulmo- 
num,  (Edema  of  the  lungs  —  oe.  Pulmonum  chro- 
niciim,  Ilydropneumonia  —  ce.  Scroti  ac|uosum, 
Oschych-cedema — oe.  Scroti  cruentum,  (Escha?ma- 
tcedema — oe.  Scroti  purulentum,  Oscheopyosdema 
—  ce.  Scroti  urinosuni.  Urocele  —  oe.  Spasticum, 
Anathvmiasis  —  oe.  Uvulse,  Staph vloedema. 

(EDEMATIA,  (Edema. 

(EDEMA  TIE,  (Edema. 

(EDEMATOSARCA.  CEdemosnrea. 

(EDEMATOSCHEOCE'LE,  aMcmosclieoce'le, 
Osciteocc'Je  cedemat' ica.  Oscheocele  with  oedema 
of  the  seriitum. 

(EDEM'ATOUS,  (Edemato'am,  CEdevwt'icua, 
CEdemaio' des,  (Edal'iua,  (Edal'icus,  Edem'atoue. 
Affected  with  oedema. 

(EBEME,  (Edema — ce.  dii  Cerveav,  (Edema 
cerebri  —  oe.  Douloureux  dea  femmes  en  couche, 
Phlegmatia  dolens — cb.  dea  Nouvellea  accouchcea, 
Phlegmatia  dolens  —  o?.  actif  des  2\ouvelles  ac- 
concheea,  Phlegmatia  dolens  —  ce.  de  la  Gloite, 
(Edema  of  the  glottis  —  oe.  de  la  G'lottc,  Angina 
cedematosa  —  oe.  du  Tissu  cellulaire  dea  nonvean- 
nea.  Induration  of  the  cellular  tissue. 

(EDEMOSAR'CA,  (Edematoaar'ca.  A  species 
of  tumour  mentioned  by  M.  A.  Severinus,  which 
holds  a.  middle  place  between  oedema  and  sarcoma. 

(EDJ2M0SCHE0CELE,  (Edematoscheocele. 

CEIL,  Eye— ce.  de  Bcsvf,  Anthemis  tinctoria — 
<B.  Double,  Binoculus — ce.  de  Lilvre,  Lagophthai- 
mus  —  ce.  Siviple,  see  Monoculus. 

(EILLET  GIROFLEE,  Dianthus  caryophyl 
lus. 


(EILLIERE 


610 


(ESTRUS 


OUTLLli^RE,  Scaphium  oetilare.  1 

(ENAN'THE,  (E.  croca'ta,  (E.  cJicBropJii/l'H 
fo'liis,  Hemlock  dropwort,  Hemloch  lonter-drop- 
ncort.  Nat.  Ord.  Umbelliferse.  Sex.  Si/st.  Pen- 
tandria  Digynia.  A  violent  poison  of  the  acro- 
narcotic  class.  Its  juice  has  been  recommended 
ill  certain  cutaneous  diseases ;  but  it  is  scarcely 
ever  used.     It  is  employed  in  fomentations. 

ffiNAJTTHB  Aqdatica,  Phellandrium  aquaticum 
— ce.  Phellandrium,  Phellandrium  aquaticum — oe. 
Striata  rigida,  Seseli  tortuosum. 

ffiNELJi'ON,  from  oivo;,  'wine,'  and  cXaiov, 
'  oil.'  A  mixture  of  oil  and  wine. — Galen.  Also, 
rectified  spirit  or  alcohol. 

Q3N0G'ALA,  oivoyaXa,  from  oivos,  'wine,'  and 
yaXa,  '  milk,'  —  '  a  mixture  of  wine  and  milk.' 
According  to  some,  wine  as  warm  as  new  milk. 

(ENOQ'ARON,  Garum  vino  mietum.  Wine 
mixed  with  garum. — Aetius. 

(ENOIDES,  Vinous. 

(ENOMA'NIA,  Oinoma'nia,  from  otvog,  'wine,' 
and  mania.  Delirium  tremens.  Properly,  wine- 
mania.  An  insatiable  desire  for  intoxicating 
li((uors. 

(E'N02fEL,  (Eiiom'eli,  from  oivog,  'wine,'  and 
ueAi,  'honey.'  Mel  vino' sum,  Mulsiun  Vino' sum. 
Honey  wine.     Wine  mead. 

(ENOPHLYGIA,  Temulentia. 

(ENOPHLYXIS,  Temulentia. 

GINOS,  Wine. 

Q3N0STAGMA,  Spiritus  vini  rectificatus. 

(ENOTHE'PtA  BIEN'NIS,  ffi^.  Mollis' sima  seu 
muriea'ta  sen  c/auro'i'des,  On'agra,  Evening  Prim- 
rose, Tree  Primrose,  Primrose  tree,  Cure-all, 
Scahi-sh.  An  indigenous  plant,  common  on  the 
borders  of  fields,  and  in  natural  hedges.  Sex. 
Syst.  Octandria  Monogynia.  Its  properties  are 
mucilaginous  and  slightly  acrid.  A  decoction 
has  been  used  in  cases  of  infantile  and  other 
eruptions. 

(Enothera  Gatjeoides,  0.  biennis  —  ce.  Muri- 
cata,  0.  biennis. 

(ESOPHAGE 'AL,  CEsopTiaga'us,  (F.)  (Eso- 
pJiagien.  Pielating  or  belonging  to  the  oesopha- 
gus. 

CESOPHAGEAL  Ap'eRTUKE  OF  THE  Dl'APHRAGJf, 
(F.)  Ouverture  oesop7iagie7ine  du  diaphragme.  An 
opening  in  the  diajjhragm  for  the  passage  of  the 
oesophagus. 

(Esophageal  Aperture  of  the  STOJfACH.  A 
name  given  to  the  superior  or  cardiac  orifice  of 
the  stomach,  to  distinguish  it  from  the  inferior  or 
pyloric. 

Esophageal  Muscle,  (EsopTiagm'its.  Some 
anatonJists  have  given  this  name  to  the  transverse 
muscular  fibres  which  surround  the  oesophagus 
at  its  upper  extremity. 

ffisoPHAGEAL  TuBE,  366  Tube,  oesophageal. 

(ESOPHAGEURYS'MA,  (Esoph'agus  succen- 
Utria'tus,  from  oi(TO(payo;,  'the  OBSophagus,'  and 
evfivn/xa,  '  dilatation.'  Dilatation  of  the  oesopha- 
gus. 

(ESOPHAGIALGIA,  (Esophagismus. 

(ESOPHAGIARCTIA,  Dysphagia  constricta. 

(ESOPHAGIEN,  (muscle,)  Constrictor  oeso- 
phagi. 

(ES0PHAGIS'MUS,ffi'8opAn^i«'?WMm.  A  name 
given  by  Vogel  to  spasm  of  the  oesophagus,  Dya- 
pha'gia  spasmod'ica,  D.  Spns'tica,  (Esophago- 
tpasni'its,  D.  Nervo'sn,  Stricfu'ra  wsoph'atji  spns- 
Vtod'ica,  (Eiophngial'gia,  Tenes'mua  Gidm,  (F.) 
Te.nesne  de  V oeaophage.  By  some  used  synony- 
mou>-l3-  with  oesophagitis,  dysphagia,  and  cou- 
trnetion  of  :he  oesophagus. 

(ESOPIIAGI'TIS,  Angi'na  cesophngm'a,  Ci/- 
'tvn'iiie  ojsophn,jci''a,    Dysphd'aia  injlammaio'ria, 


Inflamma'tio  oesoph'agi,  T.  GidcB,  (F.)  Apgine 
oesophagienne.     Inflammation  of  the  oesophagus. 

(ESOPHAGODYN'IA,  from  oico<payog,  'the 
oesophagus,'  and  oSwrj,  'pain.'  Pain  in  the  oeso- 
phagus. 

(ESOPHAGOPATHI'A,  Jforhus  (Esoph'ogi, 
from  oiao^ayos,  '  the  oesophagus,'  and  nadog, 
'  disease.'  A  morbid  condition  of  the  oesopha-- 
gus. 

(ESOPHAGOPLE'GIA,  Bysjiha'gia  paralyt- 
ica, Lamopjaraly' ais,  from  oiao<payos,  '  the  oeso- 
phagus,' and  7rAr;yi7,  '  a  stroke.'  Paralysis  of  the 
oesophagus. 

(ES0PH:AG0RRHAG"IA,  from  oKTofayoi,  'the 
oesophagus,'  and  payrj,  '  a  rupture.'  Hemorrhage 
from  the  oesophagus. 

(ESOPHAGORRHCE'A  from  oio-o^ayoj,  'the 
oesophagus,'  and  pcu),  'I  flow.'  Discharge  of 
blood  or  mucus  from  the  oesophagus. 

(ESOPHAGOSPASM'US,  from  oi<7odayo<r,  'the 
oesophagus,'  and  a-nacrjioi,  'spasm.'  Spasm  of  the 
oesophagus. 

(ESOPHAGOT'OMY,  (EsopJiagotoni'ia,  from 
oKTocpayos,  'the  oesophagus,'  and  tiiaveiv,  'to  cut-' 
An  incision  made  into  the  oesophagus  for  the 
purpose  of  extracting  foreign  bodies  from  it. 

(ESOPH'AGUS,  from  oto),  'I  carry,'  and  (payw, 
'leatj'  Gtda,  Fis'tula  ciha'Us,  Via  aiom'achi  et 
ventria,  Fis'tula  vel  Infundih'vlum  Ventric'uli, 
Gliittua.  The  Gtdlet.  A  musculo-meinbranous 
canal,  cylindrical,  and  depressed  from  before  to 
behind,  which  extends  from  the  inferior  extremity 
of  the  pharynx  to  the  upper  orifice  of  the  sto- 
mach. At  its  origin,  it  is  situate  in  the  median 
line;  but,  beneath  the  larynx,  it  deviates  to  the 
left,  and  in  the  chest  experiences  different  inflec- 
tions. In  its  cervical  portion,  it  corresponds, 
behind,  with  the  spine ;  before,  with  the  larynx 
and  trachea;  and,  at  the  sides,  it  is  close  to  the 
primitive  carotids,  internal  jugular  veins,  par 
vagum,  recurrent  nerves,  &c.  In  its  inferior  or 
thoracic  portion,  the  oesophagus  is  entirely  con- 
tained in  the  posterior  mediastinum ;  and  enters 
the  abdomen  through  the  oesophageal  aperture 
of  the  diaphragm.  The  oesophagus  is  composed 
of  a  very  strong  muscular  layer,  sometimes  called 
Tunica  vagina'lis  gnlcB  ;  formed,  itself,  of  two  sets 
of  fibres,  the  external  being  general  longitudinal, 
the  internal  transverse  or  annular.  2.  Of  a  mu- 
cous membrane  which  is  soft,  fine,  thin,  and 
white,  especially  at  its  lower  part.  It  is  continu- 
ous, above,  with  the  mucous  membrane  of  the 
pharynx.  The  mucous  follicles,  found  beneath 
it,  are  not  numerous,  and  have  been  called  CEso- 
phageal  glands.  The  arteries  of  the  oesophagus 
proceed,  in  the  neck,  from  the  thyroid;  in  the 
chest,  from  the  bronchial  arteries  and  directly 
from  the  aorta;  —  in  the  abdomen,  from  the  infe- 
rior phrenic,  and  coronaria  ventriculi.  Its  veins 
empty  themselves  into  the  inferior  thyroid,  the 
vena  cava  superior,  the  internal  mammary,  azy- 
gos,  bronchial,  phrenic,  and  coronaria  ventriculi. 
Its  lymphatics  pass  into  the  ganglia  surrounding 
it.  its  nerves  are  afforded  by  the  pharyngeal 
and  pulmonary  plexuses;  by  the  cardiac  nerves; 
the  thoracic  ganglia,  and,  especially,  by  the 
pneumogastrics  and  their  recurrent  branches-. 

OSsoPHAGUS  Succenturiatus,  Pharyngoeelc. 

(ESTROMANIA,  Nymphomania. 

(ESTRUATION,  Orgasm,  see  Heat. 

(ESTRUM,  Clitoris. 

(EsTRUir  Ven'eris,  Q^atrum  vene'reum,  (Eatnit 
vene'reiia ;  from  uiarpo,,  ceatnis,  'a  violent  impulse 
or  desire.'  A  vehement  desire  for  sexual  inter- 
course.    With  some,  oestrum  signifies  Clitoris. 

CESTRUS,  Clitoris  —  oe.  Yenereus,  (Estrum 
venereum. 


CESYPUS 


611 


OINTMENT 


OE'SYPUS,  from  on,  'a  sheep,'  and  pv-rrog, 
'dirt'  [?].  The  greasy  matter  of  unwashed 
wool ;  formerly  employed  in  friction  in  diseased 
joints. 

(EUFS,  Ova. 

OFFICE,  PHYSICIAN'S  or  SURGEON'S, 
latrion. 

OFFICINA,  Pharmacopolium. 

OFFICINAL,  Officina'Us,  from  officina,  'a, 
shop.'  An  epithet  for  medicines  found  in  the 
shop  of  the  apothecary,  ready  prepared  —  iisua'- 
lia ;  in  oiQ^osiixon.  to  magistral  ox  extemporaneous, 
—  those  prepared  after  the  prescription  of  the 
physician. 

OFFIUM,  Affion,  Opium. 

OFFSPRING,  Epigone. 

OFFUSCATIO,  Amaurosis. 

OGLA,  Oogala. 

OONON,  a  Corn— o.  Marin,  Scilla. 

OHI'O,  MINERAL  WATERS  OP.  Yelloio 
Spring  is  a  chalybeate,  situate  in  Greene  county, 
C4  miles  from  Cincinnati.  It  is  somewhat  fre- 
quented. 

OIDIUM  ABORTIFACIENS,  see  Ergot. 

OIE,  Sorbus  domestica. 

OIGNON,  Allium  cepa. 

OIL,  O'leum,  Elm'on,  (F.)  Htiih ;  from  tXaia, 
'  the  olive.'  A  collective  name,  under  which  two 
'  classes  of  fluids  are  included,  very  difi"erent  from 
oach  other:  those  belonging  to  the  one  class,  are 
>dscid,  mawkish  or  almost  insipid ;  those  of  the 
other  are  nearly  devoid  of  viscidity,  and  are 
caustic  and  \trj  volatile.  The  former  are  called 
fat  or  fixed  oiU ;  the  latter  volatile  or  essential 
oils,  or  essences. 

Oil  of  Almonds,  Oleum  amygdalarum  —  o.  of 
Amber,  rectified,  see  Succinum — o.  Animal,  Oleum 
animale — o.  Animal,  of  Dippel,  Oleum  animale 
Dippelii  —  o.  of  Bay,  Daphnel^on — o.  of  Bays, 
Oleum  laurinuQi  —  o.  and  Beeswax,  Unguentum 
cerse  —  o.  of  Benjamin  or  Benzoin,  Oleum  benzo- 
ini — o.  Benne,  see  Sesamum  orientale. 

Oil,  British.  An  empirical  preparation  often 
used  in  cases  of  sprains. 

A  committee  of  the  Philadelphia  College  of 
Pharmacy  recommend  the  following  form  for  its 
preparation.  —  01.  Terebinth.,  01.  Lini.  nsitatiss. 
aa.  f§iij>  01.  Suecini.,  01.  Juniper,  aa.  f^iv,  Pe- 
trol. Borhadens.  fgiij*  Petrol.  American.  (Seneca 
Oil,)ili.    M. 

Oil  of  Cacao,  Butter  of  Cacao  —  o.  of  the  Ca- 
shew nut,  see  Anacardium  occidentale — o.  Castor, 
Bee  Ricinus  communis  —  o.  of  Chabert,  Oleum 
animale  empyreumatieum  Chaberti — o.  of  Cinna- 
mon, see  Laurus  cinnamomum  —  o.  of  Cloves, 
Eugenia  caryophyllata — o.  Cod,  0.  Jecoris  aselli 
o.  Codliver,  0.  Jecoris  aselli — o.  of  Copaiba,  Oleum 
CopaibjB  —  0.  of  Cubebs,  see  Piper  cubeba — o.  of 
Cypress,  Cyprinum  oleum  —  o.  of  Dill,  see  Ane- 
thum  graveolens  —  o.  Dippel's,  Oleum  animale 
Dippelii  —  o.  of  Egg,  see  Ovum  —  o.  Ethereal, 
Oleum  jEthereum  —  o.  Flaxseed,  see  Linum  usi- 
tatissimum. 

Oil,  Fdsel,  Al'cohol  amyl'icum,  (Ph.  D.)  Foiisel 
oil,  Pota'to  oil.  An  acrid  volatile  oil,  formed  in  the 
manufacture  of  potato  brandy,  and  which  is  not 
easily  separable  from  it.  Its  chemical  constitu- 
tion is  analogous  to  that  of  alcohol.  It  exhales 
a  powerful  and  peculiarly  suffocating  odour.  S. 
g.  .818.  In  small  doses  it  is  highly  stimulating, 
—  acting  like  narcotics  in  general.  In  large 
doses  it  destroys  the  mucous  membranes  of  the 
stomach. 

Oil,  Haerlem.  An  empirical  preparation 
supposed  to  consist  chiefly  of  petroleum,  turpen- 
tine, and  balsam  of  sulphur.  Used  internally  in 
renal  and  rheumatic  affections. 

Oil.,  Krumholz,  see  Pinus  mughos — o.  of  Le- 


mons, see  Citrus  medica — o.  Lily,  see  Lilium 
candidum  —  o.  of  Mucilages,  Oleum  e  mucila- 
ginibus — o.  Neatsfoot,  Oleum  bubulum  —  o.  of 
Nicodemus,  Nicodemi  oleum  —  o.  Nut,  Juglans 
cinerea  —  o.  of  Nutmegs,  see  Myristica  mos- 
ehata  —  o.  Olive,  Oleum  oliva3  —  o.  Palm,  see 
Cocos  butyracea — o.  Paper,  Pyrothonide  —  o. 
of  Pennyroyal,  see  Hedeoma  pulegioides  —  o. 
of  Pike,  Oleum  lucii  piseis  —  o.  Rock,  Petro- 
lajum  —  0.  Potato,  Oil,  Fusel  —  o.  Rag,  Pyrotho- 
nide—  0.  Rayliver,  see  Oleum  Jecoris  aselli  —  o. 
of  Roses,  see  Rosa  centifolia — o.  of  Rue,  Pegane- 
la3on,  see  Ruta — o.  of  Spike,  Oleum  terebinthinsa 
— 0.  of  St.  John's  "Wort,  see  Hypericum  perfora- 
tum— 0.  Salad,  Oleum  olivaj — o.  of  Scorpion,  see 
Scorpion  —  o.  Sulphuretted,  Balsamum  sulphuris 
simplex  —  o.  of  Tartar,  Liquor  potassse  subcar- 
bonatis  —  o.  of  Tobacco,  Oleum  tabaci  —  o.  of 
Turpentine,  Oleum  terebinthinte  —  o.  of  Turpen- 
tine, rectified,  Oleum  terebinthiuEe  rectifieatum — ■ 
o.  of  Valerian,  Oleum  valerianaj  —  o.  of  Vitriol, 
Sulphuric  acid — o.  of  Wine,  Oleum  aethereum. 

Oils,  Anijial,  Olea  animalia — o.  Distilled,  Olea 
volatilia — o.  Empyreumatic,  Olea  empyreumatiea 

—  o.  Essential,  Olea  volatilia  —  o.  Ethereal,  Olea 
volatilia — o.  Expressed,  Olea  fixa — o.  Fatty,  Olea 
fixa — 0.  Fixed,  Olea  fixa — o.  Fugacious,  Olea  fu- 
gacia — 0.  Medicinal,  Olea  medicinalia — o.  Vola- 
tile, Olea  volatilia. 

OILY,  Oleaginous — o.  Grain,  Sesamum  orient- 
ale. 

OINOMANIA,  (Enomania. 

OINTMENT,  Unguentum  — o.  of  Antimony, 
tartarized,  Unguentum  antimonii  tartarizati. 

Ointment,  Arsen'ical,  of  Sir  Astley  Cooiyer, 
This  is  made  of  arsenious  acid  ^j ;  sulphur,  3J  ; 
spermaceti  cerate,  ^j.  It  is  spread  on  lint,  and 
ajDplied  to  cancerous  sores. 

Ointment,  Basilicon,  Unguentum  resinss  —  o. 
Bay,  Unguentum  laurinum  —  o.  of  Belladonna, 
Unguentum  belladonnaj  —  o.  Blister,  Cerate  of 
eantharides  —  o.  Blistering,  green,  Unguentum 
lytt£e  medicatum — o.  Blistering,  milder,  Unguen- 
tum lyttaj  —  0.  Blistering,  yellow,  Unguentum 
lyttee  medicatum  aliud — -o.  Blue,  Unguentum 
hydrargyri — o.  Citrine,  Unguentum  hydrargyri 
nitratis  —  o.  of  Creasote,  Unguentum  creasoti  — 
o.  Cyrillo's,  Unguentum  muriatis  hydrargyri 
oxygenati  medicatum — o.  Digestive,  simple,  Un- 
guentum digestivum  simplex  —  o.  Edinburgh, 
see  Unguentum  veratri  —  o.  Elder,  Unguentum 
sambuci  —  o.  of  Elemi,  Unguentum  elemi  com- 
positum  —  0.  for  the  Eyes,  (Smellome's,)  see 
Ceratum  resinse  —  o.  Golden,  Unguentum  hy- 
drargyri nitrico-oxidi  —  o.  Golden,  Singleton'? 
see  Singleton's  golden  ointment  —  o.  Goulard's, 
Ceratum  plumbi  compositum — o.  Green,  Unguen- 
tum samlDuci  —  o.  Hellebore  white,  Unguentum 
veratri  —  o.  of  Iodide  of  potassium,  Unguen- 
tum potassEe  hydriodatis  —  o.  of  Iodide  of  Sul- 
phur, Unguentum  sulphuris  iodidi — o.  of  Iodine, 
Unguentum  lodini — o.  of  Iodine,  compound,  Un- 
guentum iodini  compositum  —  o.  Itch,  Unguen- 
tum sulphuris  compositum  —  o.  Itch,  Bateman's, 
see  Unguentum  sulphuratum  alcalinum  ad  sca- 
biem  —  o.  Itch,  Bailey's,  see  Unguentum  sul- 
phuratum ad  scabiem  —  o.  Itch,  Helmerick's, 
Unguentum  sulphuratum  alcalinum  ad  scabiem 

—  o.  Issue,  Dr.  Physick's,  see  Unguentum  lyttfS 
medicatum  aliud  —  o.  of  white  oxide  of  Lead, 
Unguentum  oxidi  plumbi  albi  —  o.  of  Lydiit, 
Bacaris  —  o.  Marshmallow,  Unguentum  de  Al- 
thgea — o.  Mercurial,  Unguentum  hydrargyri — o. 
of  nitrate  of  Mei-cury,  Unguentum  hydrargyri 
nitratis  —  o.  of  gray  oxide  of  Mercury,  Unguen- 
tum oxidi  hydrargyri  cinerei  —  o.  of  nitric  oxyd 
of  Mercury,  Unguentum  hydrargyri  nitrico -osydi 

—  0.  of  Nitrous  acid.  Unguentum  acidi  nitrosi  — 


OIOCALYMMA 


612 


OLECRANON 


o.  Plunkett's,  for  cancer,  Plunkett's  ointment — o. 
red  Precipitate,  Unguentum  hydrargyri  nitrico- 
oxydi  —  0.  of  -white  Precipitate,  Unguentum  hy- 
drargyri prseeipitati  albi — o.  Pi.esin,  Ceratum 
resinte  flavse  —  o.  Resin,  black,  Unguentum  re- 
rinse  nigrsB  —  0.  of  Kosowater,  Unguentum  aquse 
rosffi  —  0.  Soldier's,  Martiatum  unguentum  —  o. 
of  Spanish  flies,  Cerate  of  Cantharides,  Un- 
guentum lyttas  —  0.  Spermaceti,  Unguentum  ce- 
tacei — 0.  of  Stramonium,  Unguentum  stramonii 
—  o.  of  Subacetate  of  copper,  Unguentum  sub- 
-  acetatis  eupri  —  o.  of  Sugar  of  lead,  Unguentum 
plumbi  superacetatis  —  o.  Sulphur,  Unguentum 
sulphuris  —  o.  Sulphur,  compound,  Unguentum 
sulphuris  compositum — o.  Tar,  Unguentum  picis 
liquidse  —  o.  Tobacco,  Unguentum  Tabaei  —  o. 
Tutty,  Unguentum  oxidi  zinci  impuri — o.  Verdi- 
gris, Unguentum  subacetatia  cupri — o.  Was,  Un- 
guentum cerse  —  o.  White,  Unguentum  oxidi 
plumbi  albi — o.  Zinc,  Unguentum  xinci — o.  of  im- 
pure oxide  of  Zinc,  Unguentum  oxidi  zinci  impuri. 
OiOCALYM'MA,  O'iocal^p'tnim ;  from  mov, 
'  egg,'  and  KaXuTrrcti',  '  to  cover ;'  Membra' na 
O'vuli  cortica'lis.  The  membrane  of  the  egg- 
shell. 

OLD  AGE,  Senectus. 
OLD  MAN,  Artemisia  abrotanum. 
OLD  WIFE'S  SHIRT,  Liriodendron. 
OLEA  ANIMA'LIA,  Animal  oils,  (F.)  Huiles 
animales.     A  name  given  to  fixed  oils  holding  in 
solution  the  mucilaginous  and  gelatinous  princi- 
ples of  certain  animals,  as  the  Oil  of  frofjs,  Oil 
of  scor'pioirs,    Oil  of  spiders,   &c.       Sometimes, 
also,  the  term  animal  oils  is  given  to  empyreu- 
matie  oils,  produced  during  the  decomposition  of 
animal  substances  by  heat. 

Olea  Destillata,  0.  volatilia. 
Olea  Eupyreumat'ica,  JEm2iTrreumat'ic  oik, 
(F.)  Huiles  empyreumatiqiies.  Oils  which  have 
an  empyreumatic  or  burnt  smell.  They  are  ob- 
tained by  treating  vegetable  or  animal  matters  by 
heat,  in  close  vessels.  They  do  not  exist  in  or- 
ganized bodies,  but  are  formed  during  their  de- 
composition by  fire.  The  animal  oil  of  Dippel  is 
axi  empyreumatic  oil. 

Olea  EuroPjE'a,  0.  sati'va  sen  lancifo'Ua  seu 
potynior'pha  seu  Oall'ica,  Oli'va,  Olive  tree, 
tXata,  Elai'a,  (F.)  Olivier,  (Fruit)  Olive.  Nat. 
Ord.  Jasminese.  Sex.  Syst.  Diandria  Monogy- 
nla.  The  leaves  of  the  olive  are  bitter,  and  an 
extract  prepared  from  them,  and  a  substance 
called  olivi'na,  the  bitter  principle  of  the  leaves, 
have  been  given  in  Italy  as  antiperiodics.  The 
fruit,  when  pickled,  is  extremely  grateful  to  some 
stomachs.  Olives,  as  met  with  in  the  shops,  are 
prepared  from  the  green,  unripe  fruit,  repeatedly 
steeped  in  water.  To  this,  some  quicklime  or 
alkaline  salt  is  added,  and,  afterwards,  they  are 
washed  and  preserved  in  a  pickle  of  common  salt 
and  water.  From  this  fruit  is  prepared  the  Olive 
oil  or  Salad  oil  of  the  Pharmacopoeias,  which  is 
obtained  by  grinding  and  pressing  the  olives, 
when  thoroughly  ripe.  The  finer  and  purer  oil 
issues  first  by  gentle  pressure,  and  the  inferior 
sort  on  heating  what  is  left,  and  pressing  it  more 
Btrongly.  See  Oleum  Olivffi.  In  Calabria,  an 
odorous  resin  exudes  from  its  trunk,  which  is 
employed  as  a  perfume  by  the  Neapolitans. 

A  gum  flows  from  certain  wild  olives,  in  warm 
countries,  which  consists,  according  to  Pelletier, 
of  a  resin,  a  little  benzoic  acid,  and  a  peculiar 
substance,  called  Olivile.  It  is  in  yellow  masses, 
of  a  slightly  acrid  taste,  and  of  a  vanilla  smell. 
It  is  called  OlecB  fjummi,  0.  resi'na,  and  0.  hah'- 
amum,  (F  )  Gomme  olivier,  and  is  esteemed  astrin- 
gent and  detersive. 

OiiEA  FiXA  VEL  Pin'otjia,  Exp^i'ned  oils, 
Fiarrd  clla,  Faitu  oils,  (F.)  Huiles  fixes  on  grasses. 


All  the  oils  obtained  from  the  seeds  or  pericarps 
of  vegetables,  without  distillation,  and  which  are 
viscid,  but  slightly  odorous  and  sapid ;  lighter 
than  water,  and  insoluble  in  alcohol.  The  ran- 
cidity of  oils  depends  on  the  absorption  of  oxy- 
gen, and  therefore  they  should  be  kept  in  bulk 
as  much  as  possible;  and  in  narrow-necked  bot- 
tles, so  that  a  very  small  surface  only  can  be  ex- 
posed to  the  air.  All  the  fixed  oils  are  emollient, 
and,  in  a  certain  dose,  they  act  as  purgatives  and 
emetics.  They  are  prepared  by  expressing  the 
fruit  or  seed  containing  them. 

Olea  Fuga'cia,  Fuga'cious  oils,  (F.)  Huiles 
fur/aces.  A  name  given  to  oils  which  are  so  vo- 
latile that,  in  order  to  obtain  them,  recourse  must 
be  had  to  a  difi"erent  process  from  that  employed 
for  other  essential  oils.  Such  are  the  oDs  of  jes- 
samine, lily,  violet,  &c. 

Olea  Gallica,  0.  Europcea — o.  Lancifolia,  0. 
Europwa. 

Olea  Medicina'lia,  Medic"inal  oils,  (F.) 
Huiles  iledicinales.  A  name  given  to  oils  pre- 
pared by  macerating,  infusing,  or  boiling  medi- 
cinal substances  in  olive  or  any  other  fixed  oils. 
These  oils  may  then  be  regarded  as  oily  solutions 
of  certain  medicinal  substances ;  whence  they 
can  never  be  simple.  They  have,  however,  been 
divided  into  simple  and  compound  medicinal  oils. 
To  the  former  belong  the  Oils  of  St.  John's  loort,  of 
the  Solanum  nic/yum,&c. ;  to  the  other — which  have 
often  been  called  Oily  balsams,  (F.)  Baumes  hui- 
leiix — the  Balsams  of  Fioraventi,  Metz,  &c.  Me- 
dicinal oils  are,  almost  always,  employed  exter- 
nally. 

Olea  Polymorph  a,  0.  Europtea — o.  Sativa,  0. 
Europsea. 

Olea  Volatil'ia,  Olea  destilla'ta,  Vol'atili 
oils,  ^thero'lea,  Etlie'real  oils.  Essential  oils, 
Eistil'led  oils,  Es'scnces,  (F.)  Huiles  volatiles,  H, 
essentiellcs.  Oils  found  in  aromatic  vegetables, 
and  in  every  part  of  them,  except  in  the  interior 
of  the  seeds.  The  majority  are  obtained  by  dis- 
tillation ;  but  some  by  expression.  They  possess 
unctuosity,  inflammability,  and  viscidity,  like  the 
fixed  oils;  but  they  are  generally  odoriferous, 
pungent,  and  acrid.  The  greater  part  are  lighter 
than  water;  but  some  are  heavier,  and  congeal 
at  a  moderate  temperature.  They  dissolve,  in 
small  quantity,  in  distilled  water,  by  simple  agi- 
tation. Almost  all  are  soluble  in  alcohol.  The 
odour  and  taste  are  the  usual  tests  of  their  good- 
ness. To  preserve  them,  they  should  be  kept  in 
a  cool  place,  in  small  bottles,  c^uite  full  and  well 
corked.  Volatile  oils  are  possessed  of  the  aro- 
matic properties  of  the  plants  whence  they  are 
obtained.  They  are  all,  when  applied  externally, 
stimulant  and  rubefacient. 

OLEAG"INOUS,  Oleagino'sus,  Oleo'siis.  Oily; 
containing  oil,  —  as  'an  oleaginous  or  oily  mix- 
ture.' 

OLEA'MEN,  Oleamen'tnm.  Any  soft  oint- 
ment prepared  of  oil. —  Scribonius. 

OLEANDER,  Rhododendron  chrysanthemum. 

OLECRANARTHRI'TIS,  from  i^XtK^avov,  'the 
olecranon,'  apOpov,  'joint,'  and  itis,  denoting  in- 
flammation.    Inflammation  of  the  elbow  joint 

OLECRANOID  CAVITY,  see  Ulna. 

OLECRANON,  Olecra'non,  Olcc'ranum,  Olec'- 
ranon  moh'ile;  from  wXcvr/,  'the  elbow,'  and  Kpa- 
vov,  'the  head.'  Acrolc'nion,  Additamcn'tum  ne- 
ca'tum,  Ancov,  Proces'sus  anconeus,  Glans  seu 
Coro'na  seu  Coro'na  posterior  seu  Additamcn'tum 
nnca'tuni  Ulnm,  Vertex  Cu'hiti,  Patel'la  Jixa,  Eos- 
trum  exter'nnm  seu  poate'rins,  Top  of  the  cubit. 
Head  or  projection  of  the  elbow.  A  large  pro- 
cess at  the  upper  extremity  of  the  ulna,  on  which 
we  lean.    When  this  process  is  fractured,  it  is  apt 


OLECRAXARTHROCACE 


613 


OLEUM 


to  be  drawn  up  by  the  triceps,  aud  much  care  is 
required  to  keep  the  parts  in  apposition. 

OLECRANARTHROC'ACE,  from  <^\!:vr,,  'the 
elbow/  Kpai'ov,  '  the  head,'  and  arthrooaee.  A 
name  given  by  Rust  to  inflammation  of  the  arti- 
cular surfaces  of  the  elbow. 

OLEFIANT  GAS,  CHLORIDE  OF,  see  Anes- 
thetic 

OLENE,  Ulna. 

OLEO-CERATUM  AQUA  SUBACTUM,  Ce- 
ratum  Galeni. 

OLEO-SACCHARUM,  Elaeo-saccharum. 

OLEOSUS,  Oleaginous. 

OLETTE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  At 
Olette,  in  the  department  Pyrenees  Orientales,  is 
a  thermal  spring,  which  raises  the  thermometer 
to  190°  Fahr.     It  is  the  hottest  in  France. 

OLEUM,  Oil  —  o.  Abietis,  see  Pinus  pieea — o. 
Absinthii,  Artemisia  absinthium,  (oil  of)  —  o. 
Acusticum,  Huile  acoustique. 

Oleum  ^XHE'REUir,  yEthe'real  oil  {formed  in 
the  distillation  of  ether),  Oleum  vini,  Oil  of  wine, 
(F.)  Huile  douce  de  vin.  A  peculiar  oleaginous 
matter,  obtained  by  continuing  the  distillation, 
after  the  whole  of  the  sulphuric  ether  has  passed 
over  in  the  process  for  the  preparation  of  the 
latter.  It  is  used  only  as  an  ingredient  in  the 
compound  spirit  of  ether.  It  is  ofBcinal  in  the 
Ph.  U.  S. 

Oleum  Ammoniatum,  Linimentum  ammonise 
fortius. 

Oleum  Amtgdala'rum,  Oleum  amyg'dala,  Oil 
of  Almonds,  (P.)  Huile  d'amandes,  {Expressed 
from  both  su^eet  and  bitter  almonds, — Amygdalus 
communis,  ^xvj  of  almonds  yield  ^v  of  oil.)  It 
is  inodorous,  insipid,  and  of  a  pale  straw  coloui-, 
and  is  employed  as  a  demulcent  and  emollient. 

Oleum  Anacardii,  see  Anacardium  occidentale. 

Oleum  Ajjima'le,  An'imal  oil,  (F.)  Huile  ani- 
male.  An  oil  obtained  by  the  decomposition  of 
the  immediate  principles  of  animals,  subjected  to 
the  action  of  heat.  It  is  fetid,  and  always  con- 
tains a  certain  quantity  of  subcarbonate  of  am- 
monia. See  Olea  Empyreumatica.  The  name 
animal  oil  is  sometimes  also  given  to  the  fat  con- 
tained in  the  fatty  vesicles.  The  composition  of 
this  fat  does  not,  indeed,  differ  from  that  of  the 
fixed  oil. 

OLEUjr  Anima'le  Dippe'lh,  Animal  oil  of 
Dipjiel,  Oleum  cornu  eervi,  0.  C.  C.  reetifica'tum. 
Animal  oil,  Bippel's  oil,  Oleum  pyro-anima'le 
depura'tum,  0.  anima'le  mthe'reum,  Pyro'leum 
os'sium  reetifica'tum,  (F.)  Huile  animale  de  Dip- 
pel,  Huile  de  come  de  cerf,  is  obtained  by  distil- 
ling animal  matters,  especially  hartshorn,  on  the 
naked  fire.  The  subcarbonate  of  ammonia,  which 
it  contains,  renders  it  partly  soluble  in  water,  and 
communicates  to  it  the  stimulant  properties  for 
which  it  is  used  in  medicine.  It  is  employed  as 
an  antispasmodic. 

Oleum  Anima'le  Empyeeumat'icum  Chaber'- 
TI,  0.  Em23yreumat'icum  sen  anthelmin' ticum  seu 
contra  f<s'niam  Chaber'ti,  Empyreumat'ic  oil  of 
Chabert,  Oil  of  Chabert,  is  made  by  adding  one 
part  of  animal  oil  to  three  parts  of  oil  of  turpen- 
tine, leaving  them  to  combine  for  four  days,  and 
then  distilling  three  parts.  An  effective  anthel- 
mintic.   Dose,  a  tea-spoonful  three  times  a  day. 

Oleum  Animaliza'tum  per  Infusio'nem,  (F.) 
Huile  animalisee  par  infusion,  Huile  aromutique, 
H.  de  petits  chiens.  A  preparation,  formerly 
esteemed  tonie  and  cephalic.  It  was  obtained 
by  boiling  new-born  puppies  in  oil,  first  depriv- 
ing them  of  their  blood,  skin,  and  intestines. 
When  the  decoction  was  cold,  origanum,  thyme, 
pennyroyal,  St.  John's-wort,  and  marjoram  were 
added. 

Oledm  Anist,  see  Pimpinella  anisum  —  o.  An- 


thelminticura  Chaberti,  Oleum  animale  empyreu- 
maticum  Chaberti — o.  Aurantii,  see  Citrus  auran- 
tium — 0.  Balaninum,  Guilandina  moringa  (oleum) 
— 0.  Balsami,  see  Amyris  opobalsamum. 

Oleum  Benzo'ini,  Oil  of  Benzoin  or  Benjamin. 
An  oil  obtained  by  heating,  in  a  sand-bath,  the 
matter  which  remains  after'benzoic  acid  has  been 
separated  from  benzoin  by  the  aid  of  heat.  It 
has  been  regarded  as  balsamic  and  sudorific. 

Oleum  Bergamii,  see  Bergamote. 

Oleum  Bu'bulum,  Neat's-foot  oil.  The  oil 
prepared  from  the  bones  of  Bos  Bomesticus.  It 
is  obtained  by  boiling  in  water  for  a  long  timo 
the  feet  of  the  ox,  previously  deprived  of  the 
hoof.  It  is  introduced  into  the  ofiicinal  list  of 
the  Ph.  U.  S.  as  ani  ingredient  of  the  ointment 
of  nitrate  of  mercury. 

Oleum  Cacao  Spissatum,  Butter  of  Cacao  — 
0.  Cadinum,  see  Juniperus  oxycedrus  —  o.  Caju- 
puti,  Caieput  (oil)  —  o.  Camphoratum,  Linimen- 
tum camphorse- — o.  Cari  seu  Carui,  Carum  (oleum) 
— 0.  Caryophylli,  see  Eugenia  caryophyllata. 

Oleum  Ced'einum,  Essentia  de  cedro,  (F.) 
Huile  de  cedrat.  The  oil  of  the  peel  of  citrons, 
obtained  in  Italy  in  a  particular  manner,  without 
distillation. 

OLEUJf  Chaberti,  0.  animale  empyrenmatieum 
Chaberti  —  o.  Chenopodii,  see  Chenopodium  ac- 
thelminticum  —  o.  Cicinum,  see  Ricinus  commu- 
nis—  0.  Cinnamomi,  see  Laurus  cinnamomum  — 
0.  Contra  Tosniam  Chaberti,  Oleum  animale  em- 
pyreumaticum  Chaberti. 

Oleum  Copa'ib^e,  Oil  of  Copia'iba.  {Copaib. 
ft)ij  ;  Agues,  cong.  iv.  Distil  three  gallons  ;  sepa- 
rate the  oil;  return  the  water  to  the  copaiba,  and 
again  distil  three  gallons.  Separate  the  oil,  and 
add  it  to  the  other.  Ph.  U.  S.)    Dose  gtt.  x  to  xxx. 

Oleum  Cornu  Cervi,  0.  animale  Dippelii  —  o. 
Cubeba3,  see  Piper  cubeba3 — o.  Euphorbise  lathy- 
ridis,  see  Euphorbia  lathyris  —  o.  Fixum  nucum 
cocos  butyraceffi,  see  Cocos  butyracea — o.  Foeni- 
culi,  see  Anethum — o.  Gabianum,  Petrolasum — o. 
Gallinaj,  Alkale  —  o.  Gaultherise,  see  Gaultheria 
— o.  Hedeomse,  see  Hedeoma  pulegioides — o.  Hy- 
periei,  see  Hypericum  perforatum  —  o.  infernale, 
0.  Rieini. 

Oleum  .Jec'oris  Asellt,  0.  Mor'rhucB,  0.  Je- 
cino'ris  Aselli,  Axun'gia  Ga'di,  A.  Pisci'na  ma- 
ri'na,  Codliver  oil.  Cod  oil,  (F.)  Huile  de  morue, 
Huile  de  Foie  de  morue.  The  animal  oil,  which 
appears  under  this  name  in  commerce,  is  obtained 
from  several  of  the  species  belonging  to  the  genus 
Gadus.  The  clearest  sorts  are  generally  used.  It 
appears  to  have  no  sensible  effect  upon  the  eco- 
nomy; but  has  been  given  in  strumous  affections, 
rheumatism,  chronic  cutaneous  diseases,  and  tu- 
mours of  the  mammas.  The  dose  for  an  adult  is 
from  f^ij  to  f^iss. 

Ray  liver  oil,  O'leum  raim,  is  used  in  the  same 
eases  and  doses. 

Oleum  Juniperi,  see  Juniperis  communis — o. 
Juniperi  empyrenmatieum,  see  Juniperus  oxyce- 
drus —  0.  de  Kerva,  see  Ricinus  communis  —  o. 
Kervinum,  see  Ricinus  communis. 

Oleum  Lauri'num,  Oleum,  lauri,  Oil  of  bays 
An  oil  obtained  from  bayberries,  and  sometimes 
used  in  sprains  and  bruises,  unattended  with  in- 
flammation. 

Oleum  Laurinum,  Daphnelseon,  Unguentum 
L. — o.  Lavendulas,  see  Lavendula  —  o.  Lentisci- 
num,  Schinelason — o.  Limonis,  see  Citrus  medica 
— o.  Lini,  see  Linum  usitatissimum — o.  Lini  cum 
calce,  Linimentum  aquse  calcis. 

Oleum  Lu'cii  Piscis,  Oil  of  Pike.  From  the 
liver  of  the  Esox  luciua  an  oil  is  spontaneously 
separated,  which  is  used  in  some  countries  to  do- 
stroy  specks  on  the  cornea. 

Oleum  Malabathri,   see  Malabathrum  —  s. 


OLEUM 


614 


OLIGOSIALIA 


Mavise,  see  Pagara  oetandra  —  o.  Melaleucse  leu- 
codendri,  Caieput  (oil) — o.  MenthaB  piporitse,  see 
Mentha  piperita — o.  MenthaB  viridis,  Mentha  vi- 
ridis  —  o.  MonardEe,  Monarda  punctata — o.  Mor- 
rhuse,  0.  jecoris  aselli. 

Oleum  e  Mucilagin'ibtjs,  Oil  of  ilu'cilagea. 
(Rnd.  althcBcB  rec.  it)ss;  sem.  lint,  sem.  fcenngrcBoi, 
aa  5iij  ;  aqua,  Oij.  Boil  for  half  an  hour;  add 
ol.  oliv.  O'w ;  continue  the  boiling  till  the  water 
is  nearly  consumed,  and  pour  off  the  oil.)  Emol- 
lient. 

Oleum  Mtristic^,  see  Myristica  moschata — 
0.  Neroli,  see  Citrus  aurantium. 

Oleum  Oli'v^,  0.  oliva'rum,  Olive  oil,  Salad 
oil.  An  inodorous,  insipid,  and  transparent  oil ; 
obtained  by  expression  from  the  olive,  when  ripe. 
It  is  demulcent  and  emollient,  —  possessing  the 
qualities  of  the  fixed  oils  in  general. 

An  inferior  kind,  obtained  by  boiling  olives  in 
■water,  and  skimming  the  oil  from  the  surface,  is 
also  used  in  Pharmacy.     See  Olea  Europaaa. 

Oleum  Omphacinum,  Omotribes  —  o.  Origani, 
see  Origanum  —  o.  Oxydi  cupri  viride.  Balsam, 
green,  of  Metz  —  o.  de  Palma  Christi,  see  Rieinus 
communis  —  o.  Palma3,  see  Cocos  butyracea  —  o. 
Palmse  liquidum,  see  Rieinus  communis  —  o.  Pe- 
tr»,  Petrolasum  —  o.  Petroe  album.  Naphtha — o. 
Picinum,  Brutia,  Pisselasum  —  o.  Pimentas,  see 
Myrtus  pimenta  —  o.  Pini  purissimum,  0.  tere- 
binthinEB  rectificatum  —  o.  Pulegii,  see  Mentha 
pulegium — o.  Pyro-animale,  0.  animale  Dippelii 
—  o.  Raise,  see  Oleum  Jecoris  Aselli  —  o.  Ricini, 
see  Rieinus  communis  —  o.  Rosaa,  see  Rosa  cen- 
tifolia  —  0.  Rosarum,  Rhodelseon  —  o.  Rutaceum, 
Peganeleeon  —  o.  Rosmarini,  see  Rosmarinus  —  o. 
Rutge,  see  Ruta — o.  Sabinse,  see  Juniperus  Sabi- 
na  —  o.  Sassafras,  see  Laurus  Sassafras  —  o.  Se- 
sami,  see  Sesamum  orientale  —  o.  Sinapis,  see 
Sinapis  —  o.  Spicaj  vulgaris,  0.  terebinthiuae  —  o. 
Succini,  see  Succinum  —  o.  Succini  rectificatum, 
see  Succinum. 

Oleum  Sulphura'tum,  BaV samum  sulph'uria 
simplex,  Sulph'urated  oil.  {Sulphur,  lot.  gij  ; 
olivcB  olei,  ftj.  Heat  the  oil  in  a  large  iron  pot, 
and  throw  in  the  sulphur  by  degrees ;  stirring 
the  mixture  after  each  addition  till  they  unite.) 
It  is  stimulating,  and  was  formerly  much  used  in 
coughs,  asthma,  &c.,  and,  externally,  to  foul 
ulcers. 

Oleum  Tab'aci,  Oil  of  Tolaeeo.  An  empyreu- 
matic  oil,  obtained  from  coarsely  powdered  to- 
bacco by  heating  the  retort  to  dull  redness. — 
Ph.  U.  S. 

Oleum  Tartari  per  Deliquium,  Liquor  po- 
tass£e  subcarbonatis  —  o.  Templinum,  see  Pinus 
mughos. 

Oleum  Terebin'thin^,  Oil  of  Turpentine.  The 
volatile  oil  of  the  juice  of  pinus  palustris,  and 
other  species  of  pinus. 

Oleum  Terebin'thin^  Rectifica'tum,  Oleum 
pini  puris'simum,  Rectified,  oil  of  turpentine,  Ole- 
Xfni  terehin'thincB  mthe'reum,  Sp.  of  turpentine. 
Common  oil  of  turpientine  is  also  called  Common 
oil  of  Spilce,  Oleum  spiem  vulga're.  {Olei  tere- 
liitth.  Oj  ;  aqua,  Oiv.  Distil  over  the  oil.)  It  is 
stimulant,  diuretic,  anthelmintic,  and  rubefacient. 
Dose,  ^ss  to  5j. 

Guestonian  Emhrocation  for  rheumatism  con- 
eists  of  ol.  terebinth.,  ol.  oliv.  aa  ^iss;  acid,  aulph. 
dil.  ,5iij. 

Oleum  Theobrom^  Cacao  Expressum,  Butter 
cf  cacao  —  o.  Tiglii,  Croton  tiglium. 

Oleum  Valeria'n^,  Oil  of  Vale'rian.  The 
distilled  oil  of  the  root  of  Valeriana  officinalis. — 
l>h.  XT.  S. 

Oleum  Vini,  0.  sethereum  —  o.  Vitrioli,  Sul- 
pnuric  acid. 


OLFACTION,  Olfac'tns,  from  nlfacere  for. 
odefncere  {odor,  and  facere),  Osphrc'sis,  Ouphra'- 
eia,  OspJire'sia,  Osme'sis,  Odorn'tio,  Odora'tua, 
Senaus  osmomet'ricus,  Sense  of  smell.  Smelling,  (F.) 
Odorat.  The  sense  by  which  we  perceive  the 
impressions  made  on  the  olfactory  nerves  by  the 
odorous  particles  suspended  in  the  atmosphere. 
The  olfactory  nerve  or  first  pair  has  usually  been 
considered  the  great  nerve  of  smell;  and  it  is 
probably  the  nerve  of  special  sensibility,  general 
sensibility  being  communicated  by  the  branches 
of  the  fifth  pair,  distributed  on  the  pituitary  mem- 
brane of  the  nose  and  sinuses. 

OLFACTORY,  Olfacti'vus,  Olfacto' riua,  Oa- 
pihran'ticus,  Osphrante'riua,  Oaphre'tieti.8,  from 
olf actus,  'the  smell.'  That  which  belongs  or  re- 
lates to  the  sense  of  smell. 

Olfactory  Bulb,  see  Olfactory  nerves. 

Olpac'tory  Foram'ina,  (F.)  Trous  olfactifa, 
are  the  holes  in  the  cribriform  plate  of  the  eth- 
moid bone,  through  which  the  olfactory  nerve 
passes. 

Olfactory  Lobe,  see  Olfactory  nerves. 

Olpac'tory  Nerves,  Ethnwid'al  nerves,  Par 
primum  Nervo'rum  cer'ebri,  Nervi  odorato'rii, 
Proces'aus  mamilla'res  SQW Papilla' rum,  Proecsana 
mamillares  cer'ebri  ad  nares,  P.  papilla'res,  Ca- 
run'ctdcB  mamilln'res, — the  first 2}air  ofenceplial'ic 
nerves.  This  nerve,  which  probably  arises  from 
the  medulla  oblongata,  is  observed  to  leave  the 
brain,  opposite  the  inner  part  of  the  fissure  of 
Sylvius,  by  three  roots ;  which,  by  their  union, 
form  a  triangular  knot  or  expansion.  When  it 
reaches  the  ethmoid  fossa  it  expands  and  forms 
a  triangular  ganglion,  or  grayish,  soft  bulb, — 
Bulbua  olfacto' riua —  Olfactory  bulb,  tubercle,  or 
lobe, — which  furnishes,  from  its  inferior  surface, 
the  branches  that  have  to  be  distributed  to  tho 
nasal  fossse.  These  filaments  are  very  numerous; 
they  pass  through  the  foramina  in  the  cribriform 
plate  and  enter  the  nasal  fossse.  They  are  dis- 
tinguished into  the  internal,  external,  and  middle. 
The  former  are  distributed  over  the  mucous  mem- 
brane, covering  the  outer  paries  of  the  nasal 
fossae;  the  second  descend  upon  the  septum,  an(^ 
the  third  are  lost,  almost  immediately,  on  thy 
portion  of  the  pituitary  membrane  that  lines  th», 
vault  of  the  fossse. 

Olfactory  Tubercle,  see  Olfactory  nerves. 

OLFACTUS,  Olfaction— o.  Acutus,  Hyperos- 
phresia — o.  Amissio,  Anosmia  —  o.  Deficiens, 
Anosmia  —  o.  Depravatus,  Parosmia. 

OLIBANUM,  see  Juniperus  lycia  —  o.  Sylves- 
tre,  see  Pinus  abies — o.  Vulgare,  see  Pinus  abies. 

OLIGjEMIA,  Anaemia,  Haemaporia,  Hypsemia. 

OLIGIDRIA,  Ischidrosis. 

OLIGOBLEN'NIA,  from  o^tyou  'few,'  aad 
PXcvva,  'mucus.'     A  deficiency  of  mucus. 

OLIGOCHOL'IA,  from  oXtyos,  'few,'  and;^oX;7, 
'bile.'     Paucity  of  bile. 

OLIGOCH'YLUS,  from  o\iyog,  'little,'  and 
;:^iiXo5,  'juice,'  'chyle.'  An  epithet  for  food  which 
is  but  little  nutritive;  which  furnishes  little  chyle. 

OLIGOCOP'RIA,  from  oXiyog,  'few,'  iind 
KOTTpos,  '  excrement.'  Scantiness  of  alvine  evacu- 
ations. 

OLIGODAC'RYA,  from  oXiyof,  'little,'  and 
6aKpv,  '  a  tear.'     Paucity  of  lachrymal  secretion. 

OLIGOGALACTIA,  Agalactia. 

OLIGOGALIA,  Agalaxis. 

OLIGOHjEMIA,  Anasmia,  Ha-maporia,  Hy- 
paemia. 

OLIGOPO'SIA.  from  oXiyog,  'little,'  and  roffiy, 
'drink.'     Diminution  in  the  quantity  of  drinks. 

OLIGOSIA'LIA,  from  oXiyo;,  'little,'  and  (rto- 
Xev, 'saliva.'     Paucity  of  saliva. 


OLIGOSPERMIA 


615 


OMPHALO-MESENTERIO 


OLIGOSPER'MIA,  from  o\iyo;,  'little,'  and 
mepiia,  '  sperm.'     Paucity  of  spermatic  secretion. 

OLIGOSPOND'YLUS,  from  oXiyoj,  'few,' 
'small,'  a.nd  (TTToi'Sv'Xos,  'a  vertebra.'  A  monster 
with  defective  vertebrte.  —  Gurlt. 

OLIGOTRICH'IA,  from  o\iy<,;,  'little,'  and 
Spi^,  '  hair.'     Want  of  hair.     Paucity  of  hair. 

OLIGOTROPH'IA,  Par'eior  nutnt"io,  from 
cXiyof,  '  little,'  and  rpe^pio,  '  I  nourish.'  Deficient 
nourishment. 

OLIGURE'SIA,  OUgure'sis,  OUgoure'sis,  OH- 
goure'sia,  from  o'Xiyoi,  'little,'  and  ovptui,  *I  pass 
urine.'  Morbidly  diminished  urinary  secretion. 

OLISTHEMA,  Luxation, 

OLIVA,  Olea  Europsea. 

OLIV^,  Corpora  olivaria. 

OLIVAIRE  CA  UTERE,  of  the  Erench  sur- 
geons, is  a  cautery  whose  extremity  is  terminated 
by  a  button  having  the  shape  of  an  olive. 

OLIVARIS,  Olive-shaped. 

OLIVARY,  Olive-shaped — o.  Bodies,  Corpora 
olivaria. 

Ol'ivary  Proc"ess,  Proces'sus  OUva'ris,  is  a 
small  ridge,  running  transversely  between,  and  a 
little  behind,  the  roots  of  the  anterior  clinoid  pro- 
cesses of  the  sphenoid  bone,  and  by  some  consi- 
dered as  the  fourth  clinoid  process. 

OLIVE,  see  Olea  Europsea  —  o.  Tree,  Olea 
Europcea. 

OLIVE-SHAPED,  OUva'ris,  Olivifor'wis,  Ol'- 
ivary, from  oliva,  'an  olive.'  Resembling  an 
olive.     See  Corpora  olivaria. 

OLIVES,  PICKLED,  Colymbades. 

OLIVIER.  Olea  Europaa. 

OLIVIFORMIS,  Olive-shaped. 

OLIVINA,  see  Olea  Europsea. 

OLLA  CAPITIS,  Cranium. 

OLMITELLO,  MINERAL  WATERS  OE.  A 
thermal  spring  in  the  isle  of  Ischia.  Tempera- 
ture, 100°  Fahrenheit. 

OLOPELYCTIDE,  Herpes. 

OLOPHO'NIA,  from  oXXu,  oWva,  'I  lose,'  and 
tfiiiivr],  'voice.'  Congenital  misconstruction  of  the 
voonl  organs.  —  Good. 

Olophonia  Labii  Lobata,  Harelip — o.  Lin- 
guae frajnata,  see  Ankyloglossum. 

OM'AGRA,  ZTo/jiV/gra,  from  ojfiof,  'the  shoul- 
der,' .and  aypa,  '  a  seizure.'   Gout  in  the  shoulder. 

OMAL'GIA,  from  wpog,  'the  shoulder,'  and 
aXy^it  'pain.'     Pain  in  the  shoulder. 

OMARTHRI'TIS,  from  01^0^;,  'the  shoulder,' 
apQQov,  'a, joint,'  and  itis,  denoting  inflammation. 
Inflammation  of  the  shoulder-joint. 

OMARTHROC'ACE,  from  u/zoj,  'shoulder,' 
andpov,  'a  joint,'  and  kuko;,  'bad.'  Arthrocace 
of  the  shoulder-joint.  Caries  or  suppuration  of 
the  shoulder-joint. 

OMA'SUM,  Omasiis,  Manyplies.  The  third 
stomach  of  ruminant  animals. 

OMBILIC,  Umbilicus. 

OMBILICALE,  Umbilical. 

OMBRAGE,  Nebula. 

OMENTA,  Meninges. 

OMENTESIS,  Epiploitis. 

OMENTITIS,  Epiploitis. 

OMENTULA,  Appendiculse  pinguedinosse. 

OMENTUM,  Epiploon— o.  Colicum,  Epiploon, 
colic  —  0.  Gastro-colicum,  Epiploon,  gastro-colic 
'  ■ — o.  Gastro-splenic,  Epiploon,  gastro-splenic — 0. 
Great,  Ejiiploon,  gastro-colic  —  0.  Hepato-gastri- 
cum,  Epiploon,  gastro-hepatic  —  0.  Lesser,  Epi- 
ploon, gastro-hepatic — 0.  Majus,  Epiploon,  gastro- 
colic —  0.  Minus,  Epiploon,  gastro-hepatic  —  0. 
Os?ium,  Periosteum  —  0.  Third,  Epiploon,,  colic. 

OMICHESIS,  Micturition. 


OMICHMA,  Urine. 

OMI'TIS,  from  u/ios,  '  the  shoulder,'  and  itU, 
denoting  inflammation.  Inflammation  in  or  about 
the  shoulder-joint. 

OMMA,  Eye,  Vision. 

OMNIPHAGUS,  Omnivorous. 

OMNIVORE,  Omnivorous. 

OMNIVOROUS,  Omnivoriis,  Omniph'agvs, 
Pantoph'agns,  (F.)  Omnivore,  from  ornnis,  'all,' 
and  voro,  'I  eat.'  An  epithet  for  animals  —  Pan- 
toj^hagists — which  eat  every  kind  of  food,  animal 
or  vegetable. 

OMO.  In  composition,  an  abridgment  of  omoa 
or  otnus,  the  humerus. 

OMO-CLAVICULAR,  see  Coraco-clavicular. 

OMOCOTYLE,  see  Glene. 

OMO-HYOIDEUS,  Cor'aco-Jiyoidem,  Scapulo- 
hyoidien,  Omo-hyo'idien,  Omoplat-Jiyo'idien,  Hyo- 
'idis  Quartiis  Mus'cidus.  This  muscle  is  situate 
obliquely  at  the  sides  and  front  of  the  neck.  It 
is  slender,  long,  and  flat.  It  arises  from  the  su- 
perior costa  of  the  scapula,  near  the  semi-lunar 
notch,  and  from  the  ligament  that  runs  across  it, 
and  is  inserted  at  the  sides  of  the  inferior  margin 
of  the  body  of  the  os  hyoides.  It  consists  of  two 
fasciculi,  united  by  a  common  tendon,  and  is  a  true 
digastric  muscle.  It  depresses  the  os  hyoides, 
carrying  it  a  little  backwards,  and  to  one  side, 
except  when  it  acts  with  its  fellow,  when  the  bono 
is  depressed,  and  drawn  obliquely  backwards. 

OMOPHAG"IA,  Omosit'ia,  from  (ipos,  'raw,' 
and  <payu>,  '  I  eat.'  Fondness  for  raw  food.  Eat- 
ing of  raw  food. 

OMOPLATE,  Scapula  — 0.  Col  del',  Collum 
scapula3. 

OMOPLA  T-HYOIDIEN,  Omo-hyoideus. 

CMOS,  Crude,  Humerus. 

OMOSITIA,  Omophagia. 

OMOTAR'ICHOS,  from  u^iof,  'the  shoulder,' 
and  rapi;:^of,  'pickled.'  Salsamen'tum  crudum ; 
Salted  Tunny  Fish,  in  particular.  Properly,  the 
neck  or  shoulder-piece  of  a  salted  animal.  Once 
much  recommended  against  the  bites  of  vipers, 
and  in  hydrophobia. 

OMOTES,  Crudity. 

OMOTOCIA,  Abortion. 

OMOT'RIBES,  OmpTiac"inum  O'leum,  from 
iisixos,  'crude,'  andToi/Jo),  'I bruise.'  Oil  expressed 
from  unripe  olives. 

OMPHA'CION,  opcpaKiov,  from  ofKpaKo;,  'an 
unripe  grape; — Succus  uvce  aeer'hcB,  Ompha'cium. 
The  juice  of  unripe  grapes.     Also,  Verjuice. 

OMPHACI'TES  (VINUM).  A  name  given 
to  wine  prepared  from  the  unripe  grape.  Om~ 
phaci'tis  is  also  the  name  of  a  small  gall.  — 
Dioscorides. 

OMPHACIUM,  Verjuice. 

OMPHACOM'ELI,  from  op<paKo;,  'an  unripe 
grape,  and  peXi,  '  honey.'  A  sort  of  oxj'mel,  mado 
of  the  juice  of  unripe  grapes  and  honey. 

OMPHALELCO'SIS,  from  opcpaXog,  'the  navel,' 
and  'eXkoj,  'an  ulcer.'     Ulceration  of  the  navel. 

OMPHALEX'OCHE,  Exomphalus. 

OMPHALOCARPUS,  Galium  aparine. 

OMPHALOCELE,  Exomphalos. 

OMPHALOMANTI'A,  from  op(paXog,  'the  na- 
vel,' and  fiavTua,  'prophecy.'  A  species  of  divi- 
nation, practised  by  credulous  matrons,  who  pre- 
tend to  be  able  to  know  the  number  of  children 
a  female  will  have,  by  the  number  of  knots  in 
the  navel-string  of  the  child. 

OM'PHALO-MESENTER'IC,0?w73/ia7o-me«en- 
ter'ieus,  Om'phalo-wesara'icns ;  from  o/ii^aXof, 'thd 
navel,'  and  mesenterium,  'the  mesentery.' 

Omphalo-Mesenteeic  Vessels,    Vnei'lo-m*- 


OMPHALO 


616 


ONYCHOGRYPnOSIS 


tenter'te,  Vit'elUne  vessels.  Haller  gave  this  name 
to  two  very  fine  vessels,  which  spread  their  rami- 
fications on  the  parietes  of  the  umbilical  vesicle. 
There  is  an  omphalo-mesenteric  artery  and  vein. 
The  omphalo-mesenteric  artery  is  a  branch  of  the 
superior  mesenteric: — the  vein  empties  itself  into 
the  trunk,  or  into  one  of  the  branches  of  the  su- 
perior mesenteric.  Velpeau  affirms,  that  they 
inosculate  with  a  branch  of  the  second  or  third 
order  of  those  great  vessels,  with  those  in  parti- 
cular that  are  distributed  to  the  eascum,  and  he 
regards  them  to  be  the  vessels  of  nutrition  of  the 
umbilical  vesicle.  They  are  occasionally  met 
•with  in  the  foetus,  at  the  full  period,  under  the 
form  of  whitish  filaments,  which  extend  from  the 
mesenteric  vessels  to  the  umbilicus. 

OMPHALO-  MESERAIC,  Omphalo-mesen- 
toric. 

OMPHALONCUS,  Omphalophyma. 

OMPHALONEURORRHEXIS,  Ompha- 
lorrhexis. 

OMPHALOPHY'MA,  Omphaloncvs,  from 
Bfi<j>a\os,  'the  navel,'  and  ^u/^a,  'tumour.'  A  tu- 
mefaction of  the  navel. 

OMPHALOPROPTOSrS,  Exomphalus. 

0  M  P  H  A  L  0  R  R H  A  G  "  lA,  Omphalor'rTiage, 
from  on(j)a\og,  'the  umbilicus,'  and  prj-yvufLi,  'I 
break  out.'  Hemorrhage  from  the  umbilicus,  in 
the  new-born  in  particular. 

OMPHALORRHEX'IS;  from  on<pa\oi,  'navel,' 
and  pf/fif,  'rupture.'  Omphcdoneurorrhexis.  Rup- 
ture of  the  navel  string. 

OMPHALOS,  Umbilicus. 

OMPH'ALOSITE,  from  on<pa\oi,  'the  navel,' 
and  triTo;,  '  nourishment.'  A  monster  that  pos- 
sesses an  imperfect  kind  of  life,  which  ceases  when 
the  umbilical  cord  is  divided. 

OMPHALOT'OMY,  Omphalotom'ia,  from  o/j.- 
fa\o<;,  '  the  umbilicus,'  and  te/jvu,  '  I  cut.'  The 
division  of  the  navel  string. 

OMPHALUS,  Umbilicus. 

OMUS,  Crude,  Humerus. 

ONAGRA,  (Enothera  biennis. 

OXANIA,  Masturbation. 

ONANISM,  Masturbation. 

ONCOS,  Tumour. 

ONCO'SES,  from  oyxoj,  'a  tumour.'  Tumours, 
as  diseases. 

ONCOSIS,  Intumescence. 

ONCOT'OMY,  Oncotom'ia,  Onkotowy,  from 
oy/cof, '  a  tumour,'  and  rojiri,  '  incision.'  The  open- 
ing of  an  abscess  with  a  cutting  instrument,  or 
the  excision  of  a  tumour. 

ONCTION,  Inunction. 

ONCUS,  Swelling,  Tumour. 

ONDULATION,  Fluctuation. 

ONEBERRY,  Paris. 

ONEIROCRIT'ICUS,  Oneiroe' rites,  from  ovsi- 
pog,  'a  dream,'  and  koktls,  'judgment.'  One  who 
judges  according  to  dreams. 

ONEIRODYN'IA,  from  ovetpo;,  'a  dream,'  and 
o&vvtj,  '  pain.'  Painful  dreams.  Incubus  and 
Somtiamhulism  are  oneirodynise. 

Oneirodynia  Activa,  Paroniria,  Somnambu- 
lism— 0.  Gravans,  Incubus. 

ONEIRODYNIE  GRAVATIVE,  Incubus. 

Oi^EIROG'MUo,  Onclrog'yne,  Oiieiropol'esis, 
from  ovapog,  'a  dream.'  A  lascivious  dream; 
pollution  ;  nocturnal  pollution. 

ONEIROGONORRHCBA,  Pollution,  noc- 
turnal. 

ONEIROGONOS,  Pollution. 

ONEIROL'OGY,  One{rolog"ia,  {rovn  ovrtonc:,  'a 
dream/  and  Xoyo<;,  'a  description.'  The  doctrine 
of  dreams. 

UNEIROMANTI'A,  f-am    ovctpos,  'a.  dream,' 


and  navTcia,  '  divination.'     The  art  of  divining  by 
dreams  ;  or  of  interpreting  dreams. 

ONEIRON'OSUS ;  from  ovtipn?,  'a  dream,' 
and  vocrog,  'a  disease.'  Somnia'tio  morho'sa. 
Morbid,  uneasy  dreaming. 

ONEIROPOLESIS,  Oneirogmus. 

ONERA  ALVI,  Excrement. 

ONGLADE,  Paronychia. 

ONGLE,^sa\. 

ONGLEE,  (F.)  Digito'rvm  stupor  $,  gelu. 
Painful  numbness  at  the  extremities  of  the  lin- 
gers, caused  by  cold. 

ONGLET,  Pterygion. 

ONGUENT,  Unguentum  — o.  d'AltJiea,  Un- 
guentum  de  Altheea — a.  de  Blanc  de  baleine,  Un- 
guentum cetacei  —  o.  Blanc  de  Bhaae^,  Unguen- 
tum plumbi  subcarboniitis  —  o.  de  Cerusse,  Un- 
guentum plumbi  subcarbonatis — o.  Citrin  contre 
la  gale,  Unguentum  hydrargyri  nitras — o.  Diges- 
tif simple,  Unguentum  digestivum  simplex  —  o. 
Gris,  Unguentum  oxidi  hydrargyri  cinereum — o. 
de  Guimauve,  Unguentum  de  althaja — o.  de  Laii- 
rier,  Unguentum  laurinum  —  o.  Mercuriel,  Un- 
guentum hj'drargyri — o.  Napiolitain,  Unguentum 
hydrargyri — o.  de  Nitrate  de  mercure,  Unguen- 
tum hydrargyri  nitratis  —  o.  de  Poix  et  de  cire, 
Basilicon — o.  de  Soldat,  Martiatum  unguentum — 
o.  de  Sureau,  Unguentum  sambuci — o.  de  Tvrna- 
mira,  Unguentum  plumbi  subcarbonatis. 

ONION,  COMMON,  Allium  cepa  — o.  Sea, 
Scilla. 

ONIS'CUS,  Asel'lm,  Ou'tio,  Poreel'lio,  Porcel'- 
lu8,  Por'cnhis,  Diminutive  of  ovos,  '  a  small  as?.' 
A  genus  of  insects  very  common  in  cellars  and 
dark  and  moist  places. 

Onisci  Aselli,  3Iillep' edes,  Aselli,  MiUep'edo'., 
Fahm,  Wood-lice,  Slaters,  Hog-lice,  (F.)  Clopor-' 
tee  ordinaires,  had,  at  one  time,  a  place  in  the 
pharmacopoeias.  They  were  considered  stimulant 
and  diuretic,  and  useful  in  jaundice. 

ONITIS,  Origanum  dictamnus. 

ONKOTOMY,  Oncotomy. 

ONOLOSAT,  Obolus. 

ONOMATOCLESIS,  Nomenclature. 

ONOMATOLOGIA,  Nomenclature. 

ONONIS  ANTIQUORUM,  0.  spinosa. 

Ono'nis  Arven'sis,  (F.)  Bugrane  des  cJiampg, 
has  properties  like  the  next. 

Ononis  Spino'sa,  ^lio'n/s,  Resta  Vovis,  Arres'ta 
hovis,  Rem'ora  Ara'tri,  Ononis  antiquo'rttm.  Rest 
harrow,  (F.)  Arrete-hauf,  Bvgrande  tpinense,  Bu- 
grane. A^at.  Ord.  LeguminosiB.  Sex.  Syst.  Dia- 
delphia  Decandria.  The  root  of  this  plant  was 
once  used  as  a  diuretic. 

ONOPORDON  ACAN'THIUM,  Onopor'dum 
acan'thium,  Car'duns  tomento'sus,  Acan'thiitm, 
Ac'anos,  A.  spina.  Spina  alba,  Cotton  Thistle, 
(F.)  Chardon  aux  Anes.  i^a?»i7y,  Cinarocephalea'. 
Sex.  Syst.  Syngenesia  Polyganiia  a^qualis.  The 
expressed  juice  has  been  recommended  as  a  cure 
for  cancer  applied  externally. 

ONOPORDUM  ACANTIIIUM,  Onopordon 
acanthium. 

ONTHUS,  Fimus. 

ONYCHAUXE,  from  muf,  ow^og,  'a  nail,'  and 
ai'^r;,  'increase.'  Unusual  increase  of  the  size 
and  thickness  of  the  nails. 

ONYCIIEXALLAX'IS;  from  ow^,  'a  nai!,' 
and  c^aWa^ts,  'change.'  A  morbid  condition  of 
the  nails. 

ONYCHIA,  Paronychia. 

ONYCHI'TIS;  from  ow^,  'nail,'  and  itis,  do- 
noting  inflammation.     Inflammation  of  a  nail. 

ONYCHOCLASIS;  from  oiw^,  'a  nail,'  and 
(cXuffcf,  '  fracture.'     Fracture  of  a  nail.' 

ONYCHOCRYPTOSIS,  Onychogryphosis. 

ONYCHOGRYPH  O'SIB,    Onychogrypo'siB, 


ONYCHONOSI 


617 


OPHTHALMIA 


Onyvlior)  rypl  o'  c'ts,  Onychocrypfo'  sxs,  Gn'pho'si^, 
Gryplio'nis,  Onyx' is,  from  oi'u|,  'the  nail,'  and 
gryposis,  '  crookedness.'  Curvature  of  the  nails  ; 
suoh  as  occurs  in  hectic  individuals.  Also,  grow- 
ing in  of  the  nails ;  Incarna'tio  seu  Adunca'tio 
seu  Arctu'ra  itn'guium. 

OXYCHON'OvSI,  Onyclionu'si,  from  ovuf,  'a 
nail,'  and  voao;,  'a  disease.'    Disease  of  the  nails. 

ONYCHOPH'THORA,  Onychophtho'ria,  Ony- 
cojth'thora,  Oni/eo2)fitho'ria,  from  ovuf,  'the  nail,' 
and  (pSopa,  '  degeneration.'  A  degenerate  condi- 
tion or  destruction  of  the  nails. 

ONYCHOPHY'MA,  from  ow^,  'the  nail,'  and 
(pvfia,  '  a  tumour.'  A  painful  degeneration  of  the 
nails,  which  become  thick,  rough,  and  crooked. 
It  occurs  as  a  symptom  of  syphilis  and  of  lepra. 

ONYCHOPTO'SIS,  Piptonyc'hia,  BicB'resis 
Un'gitlfF,  from  ow^,  'a  nail/  and  iTTwaig,  'falling.' 
The  falling  off  of  the  nails. 

OISTYCOPHTHORA,  Onychophthora. 

ONYX,  Hook,  blunt,  Nail,  Ptcrygion.  Also,  a 
collection  of  purulent  matter  between  the  laminte 
of  the  cornea,  having  the  shape  of  a  nail. 

ONYXIS,  Onychogryphosis. 

ONYXITIS,  see  Paronychia. 

OOCY'ESIS,  Pregnancy,  ovarian. 

OODEOCELE,  see  Hernia  (foraminis  ovalis.) 

OODES,  Aqueous  humour,  Oval. 

OOG'ALA,  Odg'la,  Ogla,  Puis  ex  Ovis  et  Lacte. 
Milk  of  eggs.     A  preparation  of  eggs  and  milk. 

OOGLA,  Oogala. 

OOIDES,  Aqueous  humour.  Oval. 

OOLEMMA  PELLUCID UM,  Zona  pellucida. 

OOLOG"IA,  Ovolog"ia,  Ovol'ogy,  from  wov, 
'an  ovum  or  egg,'  and  >.oyog,  'a  discourse,'  'a 
description.'     A  description  of  the  ovum. 

OON,  Ovum. 

OONINE,  Albumen. 

OOPHORAUXE,  Oarioparectama. 

OOPHORITIS,  Ooritis. 

OOPHORON,  Ovary. 

OORITIS,  Oaritis. 

OPACITY,  Opac"itaK,  Opa'cousness ;  from 
ojiacare,  '  to  obscure.'  Quality  of  that  which  is 
opake.  The  property  possessed  by  some  bodies 
of  not  allowing  the  light  to  traverse  them.  It  is 
opposed  to  transparency.  Opacity  of  the  cornea 
constitutes  aJbiigo  or  leucoma  ;  —  opacity  of  the 
crystalline  causes  cataract. 

OPAKE',  Opn'cHS,  Opa'coiis.  An  epithet  given 
to  bodies,  which  do  not  permit  the  passage  of 
rays  of  light.  The  opal-e  cornea  is  the  sclerotica, 
in  contradistinction  to  the  transparent  cornea  or 
true  cornea. 

OP'ALINE.  That  which  resembles  the  opal. 
A  fluid  is  said  to  be  opaline,  when  milky,  and 
when  it  presents  an  appearance  more  or  less  like 
that  of  the  opal. 

OPERATIC,  Action,  Operation  — o.  Cbirur- 
giea,  see  Operation  —  o.  Chymica  seu  pharma- 
eeutica,  Operation,  chymical,  &c.  —  o.  Simplex, 
Ilaplotomia. 

OPERA'TION,  Opera'tio,  from  opus,  oper-is, 
'work.'  The  application  of  instruments  to  the 
human  body  with  the  view  of  curing  disease. 
The  object  of  an  operation,  opera'tio  cJiirur'gica, 
is  generally  to  divide  or  reunite  parts,  to  extract 
extraneous  or  noxious  bodies,  and  to  replace  or- 
gans that  are  wanting,  by  different  instruments 
or  artificial  means.  The  principal  operatory  me- 
thods have  been  called  Synthesis,  Dicsresis,  Ex-a- 
rcsis,  and  Prothesis.  Frequently,  the  most  diffi- 
cult subject  connected  with  an  operation  is  to 
decide  when  it  is  absolutely  called  for  or  advisa- 
ble, and  when  improper. 

0P:E RATION  A  LAMBEAU,  see  Flap, 


Ope-ration,  Bilateeal,  see  Lithotomy — o.  Ci- 
saricnnc,  Cesarean  section. 

Operation,  Chyh'ical  or  PnAmrACEc'TicAi., 
Opera'tio  chym'ica  seu  pharmaeeu'tiea,  is  any 
process  whose  object  is  the  preparation  of  medi- 
cines; their  combinations  with  each  other,  ana- 
lysis, and  decomposition ;  ■ —  such  are,  solution, 
distillation,  snhlimation,  evaporation,  digestion, 
maceration,  infusion,  decoction,  calcination,  &e. 
Some  of  these  operations  are  mechanical  ,•  others, 
really  chymical. 

Operation,  High,  see  Lithotomy— o.  Lateral, 
see  Lithotomy — o.  Sigaultian,  Symphyseotom}'. 

OP'ERATOR.  A  surgeon  who  is  in  the  habit 
of  practising  the  greater  operations.  One  who 
performs  any  operation.  To  be  a  good  operator, 
the  surgeon  must  be  well  acquainted  with  ana- 
tomy, and  be  possessed  of  strong  nerve.  Soo 
Surgeon. 

OPER'CULUM,  Operto'rium,  Operimen'ttm, 
from  operire,  '  to  cover.'  A  cover  or  lid.  In 
fishes,  the  gill  cover. 

Operculum  Asper.e  ARTEKiis,  Larynx  —  o. 
Cutis,  Epidermis — o.  Ilei,  Bauhin,  valve  of — o. 
Laryngis,  Epiglottis — o.  Oculi,  Palpebra. 

Operculum  Papilla'rum.  A  shield  for  the 
nipple. 

OPERTMENTITM,  Opereulnm  — o.  Tntestino- 
rum.  Epiploon — o.  Pr&tensum  abdominis,  Peri- 
tona3um. 

OPERTORIUM.  Operculum. 

OPHELIA  CIIIRATA,  Gentiana  chirayta. 

OPHIASIS,  Calvities,  Porrigo  decalvans. 

OPHIOGLOS'SUM  VULGA'TUM,  O.ovn'tum 
seu  echinoglos'sum.  Lingua  serpenta'ria.  Adder's 
Tongue,  (F.)  Langue  de  Serpent.  Family,  Fili- 
coidon?.  (S'ex.  (S'ysf.  Cryptogamia.  This  plant  was 
formerly  considered  to  be  vulnerary. 

OPHIOPH'AGUS,  from  o^i?,  'a  serpent,'  and 
(/layo), '  I  eat.'  An  epithet  for  animals  which  feed 
on  serpents.  Pliny  has  called  certain  African 
tribes  by  this  name. 

OPIlioRRHI'ZA,  0.  mv-ngos,  from  o<l>ig,  'a 
serpent,'  and  ^li^a,  'root.'  Family,  Gentianese. 
Sex.  Syst.  Pentandria  Digynia.  The  name  of 
the  plant  whose  root  has  been  called  Radix  Ser- 
pen'tum,  3Iungos  Radix.  The  bitter  root  is  much 
esteemed  in  Java,  Sumatra,  Ac,  for  preventing 
the  effects  that  usually  follow  the  bite  of  the 
naja,  a  venomous  serpent;  with  which  view  it  is 
eaten  by  the  natives.  It  is,  also,  a  reputed  an- 
thelmintic. 

OPHIOXYLON,  Ophioxylum. 

OPHIOX'l^LUM,  from  o(p,c,  'a  serpent,'  and 
^v'Sov,  'wood.'  Ophioxylum  seu  Ophioxylim  ser- 
penti'num  seu  trifolia'tuw,  Acaice'ria,  Lignum 
serpentum,  has  been  recommended  in  the  bites  of 
serpents,  and  in  intermittents.  It  is  said  to  be 
verv  bitter. 

OPHIS,  Serpent. 

OPIII'TES,  from  o<{,ig,  'a  serpent.'  Serpent!'- 
nus,  Ser'pentine  or  Blatle  Por'phyry.  This  rock 
was  formerly  worn  as  an  Ainulet,  to  cure  diseases 
of  the  head. 

OPHROSTAPHYLON,  Bryonia  alba. 

OPHRYS,  Supercilium. 

OPHTHALMAL'GIA,  from  o4,^a'\iios,  'the 
eye,'  and  a\yog,  'pain.'  Paia  in  the  eye.  Neti- 
ralgia  of  the  eye. 

OPHTHALMEMPASMA   Collyrium  siecum. 

OPHTHAL'MIA,  Ophthalmi'tis,  from  o<p^a\nog, 
'the  eye.'  Oculo'rum  inflanima'tio,  Camna  oph- 
thalmi'tis,  Ophthahnopo'nia,  hijiamma'tion  of  the 
Eye,  Ophthalmy,  (F.)  Ophthahnie,  Ophthahiite, 
Inflammation  de  I'oeil,  Catarrhe  nculaire.  Three 
great  varieties  of  ophthalmia,  inJependrtntly  of 
the  acute  and  chronic  (which  conditions  occur  ia 


OPHTHALMIA 


618 


OPHTHALMIATROTECHNICA 


all  inflammations,)  may  be  reclconed: — tbc  OjA- 
thalmia  memhranarum,  0.  purulenta,  a,nd  0.  Uirai. 
The  first  is  characterized  by  the  general  symp- 
toms of  ophthalmia;  —  pain  and  redness  of  the 
ej'e  or  its  appendages ;  with  intolerance  of  light, 
and  unusual  flow  of  tears;  the  inflammation  being 
seated  chiefly  in  the  coats  of  the  eyeball.  It  is 
the  Hymenophthal' mia,  Ophthalmia  tarax'is,  Con- 
Junctivi'tia,  hiflamma'tio  conjuncti'vce,  Sympjhy- 
meni'tis,  Sijndesmi'tis,  Catarr'hal  ophthalmia, 
Ophthalmo-conjunctivi'tis,  0.  hu'mida,  0.  vera, 
Epiph'ora  (Galen),  Conjtmctival  Ojjhthal'mia, 
Tarax'is  (Paulus  of  iEgina),  Ohemo'sia  (Aetius,) 
0.  Chemosis,  Lach' rymose  Ophthalmia,  (F.)  Con- 
Jonctivite,  Inflammation  de  la  conjonctiSe.  In  the 
second, —  Ophthalmia  purulen'ta,  0.  puriform'is, 
Blennophthahnia,  Bleph' arohlennorrhce' a,  Oph- 
thalmoblennorrhoea,  Blennorrhcea  oc'xdi  —  the  in- 
ternal surface  of  the  palpebrae  associates  in  the 
inflammation  of  the  eye-ball ;  and  there  is  a  co- 
pious secretion  of  a  purulent  fluid.  An  epidemic 
and  contagious(?)  variety  of  this  is  the  Egyptian 
Ophthalmia,  Ophthalmia  ejndem'ica,  0.  purulen'ta 
epidem'ica,  0.  contagio'sa,  0.  Catarrha'lis  heV- 
lica,  LocmoplUhal' mia,  0.  hel'lica,  0.  Asiat'ica, 
Blennorrhoi'a  Ocidi  ^r/yjMaca,  Conjunctivi'tis 
puro-muco'sa  contagio'sa  vel  JEgyptiaca,  Blepha- 
ro'tis  glandulu'ris  contagio'sa,  Adeni'tis  palpe- 
hra'rum  contagiosa,  0.  purulenta  contagio'sa, 
Gonjiinctivi'tis  puro-muco' sa  contagio'sa,  Sup'pu- 
rative  ophthalmia,  Ejiidemie  contagions  ophthal'- 
rnia  —  called  Egyptian,  from  its  prevalence  in 
Egypt  during  the  British  Expedition  under  Sir 
llalph  Abercrombie.  The  inflammation  is  rapid 
and  destructive;  granulations  shoot  from  the  tu- 
nica conjunctiva,  and  occasionally  there  is  intole- 


rable pain,  often  succeeded  by  delirium.  In  new- 
born children,  a  species  of  purulent  ophthalmia, 
0.  purulen'ta  infan' turn,  0.  Neonato'rum,  Blepha- 
rophthalmia  neonato'rum,  Lippitu' do  neonato'rum^ 
Blennorrhce'a  Oc'uli  neonato'rum,  Ophthal'mo- 
blennorrhce'a  neonato'rum,  Blep)haro-hlennorrhoe' a 
neonato'rum,  Blepharo- pyorrhoea  neonato'rumf 
Pyophthalmia  neonato' rum,  Psoropihthalmia  neo- 
nato'rum, (F.)  Ophthalmic  purif or  me  dcs  nouveau- 
nes,  in  which  the  palpebrse  are  florid  and  pecu- 
liarly tumid,  is  by  no  means  uncommon.  It 
seems  to  be  caused  by  acrid  discharges  from  the 
mother,  applied  to  the  eye  of  the  infant  during 
its  exit;  or  to  the  stimulus  of  the  li^ht,  when  tha 
child  first  opens  its  eyes.  A  sever^  foim  of  pu- 
rulent ophthalmia  —  Hyperconjonctivite  (Piorry) 
—  is  produced  by  the  application  of  gonorrhceal 
matter  to  the  eye.  It  is  the  Ophthalmia  gonor- 
rho'ica,  Blennorrhce' a  oculi  gonorrho'ica,  Con- 
junctivi'tis blennorrhag"ica,  C.  gonorrho'ica.  Go- 
norrhoe'al  Ophthal'mia,  (F.)  02>hthalmie  blennor- 
rhagique,  Conjonctivite  blennorrhagiqne. 

Ophthalmia  is  likewise  modified  by  the  condi- 
tion of  the  constitution,  and  hence  we  have  stric- 
mous,  variolous,  and  other  inflammations  of  th« 
conjunctiva. 

The  third  variety  —  the  Ophthalmia  Tarsi,  0. 
glutino'sa,  Blepharop)hthal' mia,  Blepharotis,  Ble- 
pharoti'tis,  Blephari'tis,  Blepharadeni'tis,  Pso- 
ro2>hthal'mia,  Oc'uli  palpebra' rum  scn'btes  pir^iri- 
gino'sa,  Adenophthalmia — is  seated  chiefly  in  the 
tarsus ;  the  sebaceous  crj'pts  secreting  a  viscid 
and  acrid  fluid,  that  glues  and  ulcerates  its  edges, 
and  irritates  the  eye. 

The  different  forms  of  inflammation  of  the  con- 
junctiva are  thus  classed  by  M.  Desmarres ; 


Conjunctivitis. 


'1.  Pure  or  phlegmonous. 
2.  Pustular. 


3.  Granular  or  catarrhal 


r  Contagious. 

Non-contagious. 
J  Miasmatic. 


.  Exanthematic, 


(  Of  new-born  infants. 

Purulent <  Gonorrhoeal. 

[  Egyptian. 


(  Erysipelatous. 
J  Variolous. 
I  Morbillous. 
[  Scarlatinous. 


Conjunctivitis,  when  slight,  requires  little  treat- 
ment :  the  antiphlogistic  regimen — .and,  particu- 
larly, avoiding  exposure  to  light, — being  all  that 
is  necessary.  When  more  severe,  along  with 
this,  general  and  local  blood-letting,  especially 
by  leeches  to  the  side  of  the  septum  narium, 
must  be  employed  so  as  to  make  a  decided  im- 
pression on  the  system;  with  nauseating  doses 
of  antimony,  purgatives,  blisters  (at  some  dis- 
tance from  the  organ),  refrigerants ;  and  astrin- 
gents, cold  or  warm,  according  to  circumstances, 
to  the  eye.  In  Purulent  Ophthalmy,  these  mea- 
sures must  be  still  more  actively  employed,  other- 
wise disorganization  will  speedily  follow:  —  the 
granulations,  which  form  on  the  adnata  of  the 
eyelids  may  be  removed  with  the  scissors,  and 
the  see  be  touched  with  a  solution  of  alum. 
Ophthalmia  Tarsi  must  be  treated  on  general 
principles,  when  severe.  It  usually,  however, 
requires  merely  the  antiphlogistic  regimen,  with 
the  occasional  use,  especially  at  night,  of  a 
slightly  stimulating  ointment,  such  as  the  ungu- 
enium  hydrargyri  nitrico-oxydi,  considerably  re- 
duced vrith  lard.  The  ointment  prevents  the 
eyelidik  f-om  being  glued  together  during  tlie 
nighi,  and  thus  obviates  the  iiTitation  caused  by 
attempts  at  separating  them. 

Ophthalmia,  ^iGVPTiAN,  see  Ophthalmia  —  o. 


Asiatica.  see  Ophthalmia  —  o.  Bellica,  see  Oph- 
thalmia—  0.  Biliosa,  Ophthalmocholosis — o.  Ca- 
tarrhal, see  Ophthalmia  —  o.  Catarrhalis  bellica, 
see  Ophthalmia — o.  Chronica,  Lippitudo — -o.  Con- 
junctival, see  Ophthalmia — o.  Contagiosa,  see 
Ophthalmia — o.  Epidemica,  see  Ophtlialmia — o. 
Glutinosa,  see  Ophthalmia  —  o.  Gonorrhoica,  seo 
Ophthalmia  —  o.  Gonorrhoeal,  see  Ophthalmia — • 
o.  Ilumida,  see  Ophthalmia. — o.  Lachrymose,  seo 
Ophthalmia — o.  Membranarum,  see  Ophthalmia 

—  0.  Neonatorum,  see  Ophthalmia — o.  Phlycte- 
nular, see  Ophthalmia — o.  Puriformis,  see  Oph- 
thalmia— 0.  Purulenta,  see  Ophthalmia — o.  Puru- 
lenta contagiosa,  see  Ophthalmia  —  o.  Purulenta 
epidemica,  see  Ophthalmia  —  o.  Purulenta  infan- 
tum, see  Ophthalmia — o.  Rheuraatic,  Sclerotitis 

—  0.  Sicca,  Xerophthalmia — o.  Suppurative,  see 
Ophthalmia  —  o.  Taraxis,  see  Ophthalmia  —  o. 
Tarsi,  see  Ophthalmia  —  o.  Ulcerosa,  Ilelcoph- 
thalmia — o.  Varicose,  Cirsophthalmia — o.  Vera, 
see  Ophthalmia. 

OPHTHALMIATER,  Oculist. 

OPHTHALMIATRI'A,  Ophthalmiatrotech'^ 
nica,  Ojilithalmotherapi' a ;  from  o<j>da\^o;,  'the 
eye,'  and  larpos,  'a,  physician.'  The  art  of  the 
oculist.     Treatment  of  diseases  of  the  e3'e. 

0  P  H  T  HALM lATROTECHNICA,  Ophthal. 
miatria. 


OPHTHALMIC 


619 


OPHTHALMOTOMY 


OPHTHAL'MIC,  Oi^TitTiaV micus,  from  o(p^a'X- 
pof,  'the  eye/  That  which  relates  or  belongs  to 
the  eye. 

Ophthalmic  Artery,  A.  orhitaire,  (Ch.)  arises 
from  the  internal  carotid,  and  issues  from  the 
cranium  hy  the  foramen  opticum.  At  first,  it  is 
situate  at  the  outer  and  lower  side  of  the  optic 
nerve,  but  ascends  above  this  nerve,  and  passes 
towards  the  inner  angle  of  the  orbit.  It  fur- 
nishes, in  its  course,  the  laclirymal,  centralis  re- 
tincB,  itifra-orhitara,  cillaries,  anterior  ciliaries, 
inferior  and  superior  miiscidars,  anterior  and 
posterior  ethmoidals,  and  superior  and  inferior 
jmlpchrals.  After  having  given  off  these,  it  di- 
vides into  two  branches  —  the  frontal  and  nasal, 
which  furnish  a  number  of  ramifications,  —  some 
superficial,  others  deep-seated. 

Ophthal'jiic  GAXG'LIO:^f,  Lentic'ular  G.,  CiV- 
iary  ganglion,  G.  orhitaire  (Ch.),  is  one  of  the 
smallest  ganglions  of  the  body,  and  formed  by  the 
5th  and  3d  pairs  of  encephalic  nerves.  It  is  situate 
at  the  outer  side  of  the  optic  nerve  near  the  bot- 
tom of  the  orbit ;  is  irregularly  quadrilateral  and 
fiat :  its  colour  of  a  reddish  gray.  Behind,  it 
communicates  by  its  posterior  angles — by  means 
of  nervous  filaments — with  the  nasal  nerve  of  the 
ophthalmic  and  the  motor  oculi.  Each  of  its  an- 
terior angles  furnishes  a  fasciculus  of  small  nerves. 
These  are  the  ciliary  nerves. 

Ophthalmic  Nerve,  Ophthalmic  Nerve  of 
Willis,  Or'hito-frontal,  (Ch.)  is  the  smallest  and 
first  of  the  three  branches  given  oflT  by  the  5th 
pair.  It  proceeds  along  the  external  paries  of 
the  cavernous  sinus,  and  enters  the  orbit  by  the 
Bphenoidal  fissure.  It  divides  into  three  branches : 
one,  external — the  lachrymal  nerve;  another,  su- 
perior—  frontal  nerve;  and  the  last,  internal  — 
the  nasal  nerve.  See  Lachrymal,  Frontal,  Nasal. 
Ophthalmic  or  Optic  Remedy,  Ophthal'micum 
sou  Op'ticum,  (F.)  Topique  ophthalmique,  is  a 
medicine  employed  in  ophthalmia. 

Ophthalmic  Sinus,  see  Cavernous  Sinus. 
Ophthalmic  Vein  has  the  same  arrangement 
as  the  artery,  which  it  accompanies  in  all  its 
divisions.  It  issues  from  the  orbit  at  the  inner 
part  of  the  sphenoidal  fissure,  and  discharges  its 
blood  into  the  cavernous  sinus. 

The  name  Facial  Ophthalmic  has  been  given 
to  the  branch  by  which  the  facial  vein  communi- 
cates with  the  ophthalmic. 

OPHTHALMICA,  Euphrasia  officinalis. 
OPHTHALMICI  EXTERNI,  Motores  oculo- 
rum. 

OPHTHALMICUM,  Ophthalmic  remedy. 
OPHTHALMIDIUM,  Microphthalmus. 
OPHTHALiMIE  PURIFOIUIE  DBS  NOV- 
VEAU-NES,   see   Ophthalmia  —  o.  Blennorrha- 
gique,  see  Ophthalmia. 

OPHTHALSIITE,  Ophthalmia. 
OPHTHALMI'TIS,  Ophthalmia.    This  term  is 
occasionally   restricted   to   inflammation   of  the 
globe  of  the  eye,  in  which,  both  the  external  and 
internal  structures  are  involved. 

OPHTHALMIUM,  Microphthalmus. 
OPHTHALMO-BLENNORRHGEA,    Ophthal- 
mia (purulent) — o.  Neonatorum,  see  Ophthalmia 
(purulenta  infantum.) 

OPHTHALMO-CARCINO'MA,  from  oipSa^fiog, 
'  the  eye,'  and  KapKivw/xa,  '  cancer.'  Cancer  of  the 
eye. 

OPHTHALMOCELE,  Exophthalmia. 
OPHTHALMOCHOLO'SIS,    from    o<p5a\ixoi, 
'  the  eye,'  and  ;^oA>7,  '  bile ;'   Ophthal'mia  hilio'sa. 
Ophthalmia  from  biliary  excitement. 

OPHTHALMOCHROITES,  see  Choroidea  tu- 
nica. 


OPHTHALMO-CONJUNCTIVITIS,  see  Oph- 
thalmia. 

OPHTHALMODULI'A,  from  o^SaX^os,  'the 
eye,' and  ^ouXtta,  '  servitude.'  Eye-service.  The 
title  of  a  book  by  Bartisch  on  diseases  of  the  eye. 
OPHTHALMODYN'IA,  from  o<j>U\ixos,  'the 
eye,'  and  oivvrj,  'pain,'  especially  rheumatic  pain 
of  the  eye.  Plenck  has  given  this  name  to  neu- 
ralgia of  the  frontal  nerve,  in  which  the  pain 
radiates  particularly  towards  the  bottom  of  the 
orbit.     See  Neuralgia,  Frontal. 

Ophthalmodynia  Periodica,  Neuralgia,  fa- 
cial. 

OPHTHALM(EDE'MA;  from  o(p?^a)^iJ,os,  'the 
eye,'  and  odrifia,  '  oedema.'  CEdema  of  the  con- 
junctiva. 

OPHTHALMOG'RAPHY,  from  ociSaX^o?,  'the 
eye,'  and  ■ypa<pri,  '  a  description.'  The  part  of  ana- 
tomy which  gives  a  description  of  the  eye.  An 
anatomical  description  of  the  eye. 

OPHTHALMOL'OGY,  Ophthabnolog"ia,  Oph- 
thahnotol'ogy,  (F.)  Ooulistique,  from  o<p5a'Siios, 
'  the  eye,'  and  Xoyo;,  '  a  discourse.'  The  part  of 
anatomy  which  treats  of  the  eye.  An  anatomicai 
treatise  on  the  eye.  A  description  of  the  eye  in 
health  and  disease. 

OPHTHALMOM'ETER,  from  o(<,^a>^Lo;,  'the 
eye,'  and  nerpov,  'measure.'  An  instrument  of 
the  nature  of  compasses,  invented  by  F.  Petit, 
for  measuring  the  capacity  of  the  anterior  and 
posterior  chambers  of  the  eye  in  anatomical  ex- 
periments. 

OPHTHALMOMYI'TIS,  Ophthalmomyosi'tis, 
from  o(pS-aXixo;,  'the  eye,'  itvs,  'a  muscle,'  and  itis, 
denoting  inflammation.  Inflammation  of  the 
muscles  of  the  ej^e. 

OPHTHALMOPARALYSIS,  Ophthalmople- 
gia. 

OPHTHALMOPHLEBOTOM'IA,  from  o^5a\- 
jic;,  'the  e3''e,'  ^X£i|,  *a  vein,'  and  rojiri,  'inci- 
sion.' Bleeding  from  the  vessels  of  the  con- 
junctiva. 

OPHTHALMOPHTHAR'SIS,  Ophthalmoph- 
thi'sis,  from  oip^a'Xfjiog,  'the  eye,'  and  (jiOapci;,  'cor- 
ruption.'    Destruction  of  the  eyeball. 

OPHTHALMOPHTHISIS,Ophthalmophtliar- 
sis. 

OPHTHALMOPLE'GIA,  Op>hthalmoparal'y. 
sis,  from  o^daXixog,  'the  eye,'  and  -ntKijcctu,  'I 
strike.'  Paralysis  of  one  or  more  of  the  muscles 
of  the  eye. 

OPHTHALMOPONIA,  Ophthalmia. 

OPHTHALMOPTO'SIS,  from  o<p^tt\fios,  'an 
eye,'  and  irToung,  '  a  prolapse.'  A  word  employed 
by  some  authors  in  the  sense  of  exophthalmia, 
by  others,  in  that  of  h3'drophthalmia. 

OPHTHALMORRHAG"IA,  from  o<l,5a}<fioi, 
'the  eye,'  and  priyvvfii,  'I  break  forth.'  Hemor- 
rhage from  the  tunica  conjunctiva.     It  is  rare. 

OPHTHALMOS,  Eye. 

OPHTHALMOSCO P'lA,  OphtMlmoscopy, 
from  o(^5uX;)oy,  'the  eye,'  and  orKOTreo),  'I  regard 
attentively.'  The  art  of  judging  of  the  temper, 
<fcc.  of  a  person  by  examining  his  eyes.  The  art 
of  judging  of  health  or  disease  by  inspection  of 
the  eyes.  Exploration  of  the  eyes  in  order  to  a 
diagnosis.   . 

OPHTHALMOSTA'TUM,  (F.)0/jA«^aZ'mos«a*, 
from  o(l)5aXiJiog,  'the  eye,'  and  cracig,  'station;' 
Spec'ulum  Oc'uli.  An  instrument  for  fixing  tho 
eye. 

OPHTHALMOTHERAPIA,  Ophthalmiatria. 

OPHTHALMOTOLOGY,  Ophthalmology. 

OPHTHALMOT'OMY,  Ophthalmotom'ia,  from 
o(p5a\nos,  'the  eye,'  and  Tcyvm,  '  I  cut.'    The  pa»» 


OPTnALMOXEROSIS 


620 


OPSIONUSI 


uf  anatomy  which  treats  of  the  dissection  of  the 
eye.  It  has,  also,  heen  applied  to  extirpation  of 
the  eye. 

OPTHALMOXEROSIS,  Xerophthalmia. 

OPHTHALMOX'YSIS,  from  o<p^a\iw;,  'the 
eye,'  and  ^vm,  '  I  scrape.'  A  name  given  to  the 
Ecarification  sometimes  practised  on  the  conjunc- 
tiva, in  cases  of  ophthalmia. 

0VELT'iIAJjM0XY&'TB,myl,0p7ithaImoxi/s'fer, 
Ophthalmoxyste' lium ,Xi/8trum ophthaV miciim.  An 
instrument  for  scraping  the  eye.  Name  given  to 
a  small  brush,  with  barbs  like  an  ear  of  barley  or 
rye,  intended  to  scarify  the  eyelids  in  certain 
cases  of  ophthalmia. 

OPHTHALMUS,  Eye. 

OPHTHALMTMEXI'TIS,  OpltTialmoTiymeni'- 
tis,  from  oipOat^iioi,  '  eye,'  'vfi-nv,  '  membrane,'  and 
itis,  denoting  inMammation.  Inflammation  of  one 
or  more  of  the  msmliranes  of  the  eye. 

OP  I  ACE,  Opiate. 

OPIACUM,  Opiatum. 

OPIANE,  Narcotine. 

OPIAXUM,  Narcotine. 

OP  I  AT,  Opiate  —  o.  Dentifrice,  Dentifrice. 

O'PIATE,  Opia'tum,  Opia'cinn,  Papa  vera' - 
ceiim,  Ilceo'nieum,  (F.)  Opiat,  Opiaece,  from  ottlov, 
(a-oj,  'juice,')  'opium.'  A  medicine  containing 
opium.  A  medicine  that  procures  sleep.  An 
elcctuarij  ■.  —  formerly,  an  electuary,  which  con- 
tained opium. 

O'PIATED,  Opia'hig.  Impregnated  with  opi- 
um.    Affected  bv  opium. 

OPIATUM  FEBRIF'UGUM,  Electiia'riura 
de  Kind  Kind;  Elec'tiiary  of  Cincho'na.  [Pulv. 
cinch,  g^sviij,  avimon.  muriat.  Jj,  niellis,  syrup, 
absinth,  aa  §ij.  Make  into  an  electuary.  Ph.  P.) 
Given,  when  cinchona  is  indicated. 

Opiatum  Mesexter'icum,  Electua'rium  de 
A'loe,  Mii.ria'te  Hydrar'gyri,  et  Ferro.  (Gum. 
ammon.  ^ss,  sennm  Jvj,  hydrargyri  submuriaj., 
rod.  ari.,  aloes  socotrin.  aa  ^'J;  pjidv.  scammon. 
comp.  (vulg.  de  tribtis.)  rhej.  rad.  aa  3^iij,  ferri 
limatur.  porpjhyrisat.  ^ss.  Bruise  and  mix  to- 
gether, add  of  compound  syrup  of  apiples  double 
the  weight  of  the  other  matters,  and  make  into 
an  electuary.  Ph.  P.)  Dose,  ^ss  to  gijj  ii  ob- 
structions of  the  liver,  mesentery,  Ac. 

OPIATUS,  Opiated. 

OPION,  Opium. 

OPISMA,  Succus. 

OPIS'THENAR,  Dorsum  mands,  from  oincrOe, 
'backwards,'  and  Oevao,  'the  flat  of  the  hand.' 
The  back  of  the  hnnd. 

OPISTHOCEPHALON,  Occiput. 

OPISTirOCRANIUM,  Occiput. 

OPISTHOCYPHOSIS,  Cyphoma. 

OPISTIIOLOB'IUM,0/iiVAo<'n(ni,  from  o-lgBz, 
'behind,'  and  Xofiiov,  'the  lobe  of  the  ear.'  Any 
agent  applied  behind  the  ear. 

OPISTHOTIUM,  Opistholobium. 

OPISTHOT'ONOS,  Raptus  posterga'nens,  Tet'- 
anus  dvrsa'lis,  T.  poxti'cus,  T.  posterga'neus,  from 
oTTjtrSe,  '  backwards,'  and  tuvu},  '  I  stretch.'  A 
species  of  tetanus,  in  which  the  body  is  bent 
backwards. 

OPIUM,  see  Papaver — o.  Colatum,  Extractum 
opii  —  0.  Depuratum,  Extractum  opii — o.  Eaters, 
Theriaki. 

OPOBALSAMUM,  see  Amyris  opobalsamum. 

OPOCARPASON,  Carpasium  (jirice.) 

OPODELDOC,  Opodeldoeh. 
OPODEL'DOCH,  Opodel'toeh,  Opodeldoc.  An 
nnmciining  term,  frequently  used  by  Paracelsus. 
Formerlj',  it  signified  a  plaster  for  all  external 
injuries :  now,  it  is  applied  to  the  Linimentum 
tiaponiis  Compositnu. 


Opodeldoch,  Steer's.  A  liniment,  called  aft-er 
the  inventor.  There  are  many  formulae  for  its 
preparation.  The  following  is  one.  Sap.  alb.  Bjj, 
camphor  ^ij,  ol.  rorismari iii  f^iv,  spiritus  vini 
rectifieati  Oij.  See  Linimentum  Saponis  Compo- 
situm. 

OPODYMUS,  Diprosopus. 

OPOPIOS,  Optic. 

OPOPONACUM,  Pastinaca  opoponax. 

OPOPONAX,  see  Pastinaca  opoponax. 

OPOPONAXWORT,  Pastinaca  opoponax. 

OPO'RICE,  from  o-roipa,  'autumnal  fruits.'  A 
medicine,  composed  of  several  autumnal  fruits, 
particularly  of  quinces,  pomegranates,  &c.  and 
wine.  It  was  formerly  administered  in  dysen- 
tery, diseases  of  the  stomach,  &c. 

OPOS,  Succus  expressus  —  o.  Silphion,  Laser- 
pitinm. 

OPPIDULUM,  Vulva. 

OPPILATIO,  Emphraxis  — 0.  Telse  Cellulosae, 
Induration  of  the  cellular  tissue. 

OPPILATIVUS,  Obstruens. 

OPPO'NENS,(F.)Oyj/)o.sa?if,fromo&,and^o)i€re, 
'  to  place.'  That  which  faces  or  is  put  in  opposi- 
tion to  something.  The  name  has  been  given  to 
two  muscles  of  the  hand. 

Opponexs  MiN'uri  DiG"iTr,  Carpo-metacarpien 
du  petit  doigt  (Ch.),  Metacarpien  da  2J^tit  doigt, 
(F.)  Opposant  du  p)ctii  doigt.  This  muscle  has 
the  same  shape  and  arrangement  as  the  preceding, 
but  is  of  less  size.  It  is  situate  in  the  hypothe- 
nar  eminence.  Its  fibres  are  inserted  into  the 
anterior  annular  ligament  of  the  carpus,  and  ter- 
minate on  the  whole  length  of  the  inner  edge  of 
the  5th  metacarpal  bone.  This  muscle  carries 
the  5th  metacarpal  bone  forwards  and  outwards, 
and  thus  augments  the  concavity  of  the  palm  of 
the  hand. 

Opponens  Pol'licis,  Flexor  ossis  metacar'px 
pollicis,  Opponens  pollicis  manus,  Flexor  jyrimi 
interno'dii  (Douglass,)  Antith'enar  sive  semi-in- 
terosseus  piolUcis,  (F.)  Carpo-metacarpien  du 
piouce  (Ch.)  Jletacarpien  du  p)ouce,  Opposant  du 
Ponce.  A  small,  flat,  triangular  muscle,  situate 
in  the  substance  of  the  thenar  eminence.  It  is 
attached,  on  the  one  hand,  to  the  anterior  annu- 
lar ligament  of  the  carpus  and  to  the  trapezium  ; 
and,  on  the  other,  to  the  whole  of  the  outer  mar- 
gin of  the  first  metacarpal  bone.  This  muscle 
impresses  on  the  first  bone  of  the  metacarpus  a 
movement  of  rotation,  which  opposes  the  thumb 
to  the  other  fingers. 

OPPOSANT,  Opponens  — o.  du  Petit  doigt, 
Opponens  minimi  digiti — o.  du  Pouce,  Opponens 
pollicis. 

OPPRESSIO,  Catalepsy,  Oppression  — o.  Noc- 
turna.  Incubus. 

OPPRESSION,  Oppres'sio,  Thlipsis,  Cata- 
thlips'is,  from  opprimere  (ob,  and  p>i'emerc,  pres- 
sum,)  'to  press  against.'  A  state,  in  which  the 
patient  experiences  a  sensation  of  weight  in  the 
part  affected.  When  employed  abstractedly,  ifc 
means,  particularly,  Oppression  of  the  chest  — 
Oppressio  Pcc'toris,  (F.)  0.  de  Poitrine. 

OppnESSloy,  Oppres'sio  vir'ium,  (F.)  Oppres- 
sion des  forces,  is,  also,  used  for  that  condition,  at 
the  commencement  of  fevers,  <tc.,  in  which  the 
system  is  oppressed  rather  than  debilitated,  and 
where  the  vascular  action  rises,  as  the  obstruc- 
tion to  free  circulation  is  relieved  by  bleeding, 
purging,  <tc. 

OPS.  Eye. 

OPSEONUSI,  Opsionusi. 

OPSIALGIA,  Neuralgia,  facial. 

OPSIONU'SI,  Opseonu'si,  from  tu^is,  'vision,' 
and  vouo-of,  'a  disease;'  Morbi  visCis.  Diseases 
of  vision. 


OPSIOTOCIA 


621 


ORBIT 


OPSIOTOCIA,  from  od's,  'too  late,'  and  roKo;, 
'birth;'  Partus  sero'tinus.     Parturition  after  tLe 
UGual  period.     See  Pregnancy. 
OPSIS,  Pupil,  Vision. 

OPSOMA'NIAC,  Opsom'anes,  (F.)  Opsomane, 
from  oiot,  'aliment,'  and  jinvLa.  One  who  loves 
Bome  pnrtieular  aliment  to  madness. 

OPTESIS,  Assatio. 

OPTIC,  Op'ticus,  Opo'pioB,  from  o-nroiiat,  'I 
see.'     That  which  relates  to  vision. 

OPTIC  CENTRE,  Centrum  op'ticmn.  The 
optic  centre  of  the  crystalline  is  the  point  at 
which  the  various  rays  proceeding  from  an  object 
cross  in  their  way  to  the  retina. 

Optic  Commissure,  see  Chiasmus. 

Optic  Foramen,  Fora'men  op'ticum,  (F.)  Trou 
optique.  A  round  opening  in  the  sphenoid  bone, 
near  the  base  of  its  lesser  ala,  through  which  the 
optic  nerve  passes. 

Optic  Ganglia,  Quadrigemina  tubercula. 

Optic  Groove.  A  transverse  groove  on  the  su- 
perior surface  of  the  sphenoid  bone,  on  which  the 
commissure  of  the  optic  nerve  rests,  and  which  is 
continuous  on  each  side  with  the  optic  foramen. 

Optic  Lobes,  Quadrigemina  tubercula. 

Optic  Nerve,  Nervus  op'ticus,  Par  secun'dum 
ECU  op'ticum  seu  viso'rium,  Nerve  of  the  2d  pair, 
Nervus  visi'vus  seu  viso'rius.  Ocular  nerve  of 
Chaussier.  The  optic  nerves  are  remarkable  for 
their  size ;  for  their  running  a  longer  course 
within  than  without,  the  cranium,"  and  for  their 
furnishing  no  branch  from  their  origin  to  their 
termination.  They  do  not  seem  to  arise,  as  was 
long  supposed,  from  the  optic  thalami,  but  from 
the  tubercula  quadrigemina.  Immediately  after 
their  origin  the  o^jJi'c  tracts,  Tractus  oj^'ticus,  pro- 
ceed forwards;  are,  at  first,  broad  and  flat;  but 
afterwards  become  narrower  and  round.  In  front 
of  the  fossa  pituitaria,  they  unite  and  decussate, 
each  nerve  proceeding  through  the  optic  foramen 
with  the  ophthalmic  artery.  The  nerve  passes 
to  the  back  part  of  the  globe  of  the  eye,  becomes 
narrower,  and  enters  that  organ  to  give  rise  to  the 
nervous  expansion  called  the  retina.  Besides  its 
neurilemma,  the  optic  nerve  is  surrounded  by  a 
sheath,  furnished  by  the  dura  mater.  This  ac- 
companies it  as  far  as  the  eye. 

The  optic  nerve  is  the  nerve  of  special  sensi- 
bility of  the  eye. 

Optic  Remedy,  see  Ophthalmic  remedy. 

Optic  Thalami,  Thalami  nervorum  opticorum 
^0.  Tracts,  see  Optic  nerve. 

OPTICO-TBO  CHLEI-  SOLER  0  TICIEN, 
Oblique,  superior  of  the  eye. 

OPTICUM,  Ophthalmic  remedy. 

OPTILOS,  Eye. 

OPTOM'ETER,  from  oTrro/iai,  'I  see,'  and 
ficTpov,  '  a  measure.'  An  instrument  for  measuring 
the  distance  of  distinct  vision. 

OPUNTIA,  Cactus  opuntia. 

OR,  Gold — o.  Cyanure,  d',  see  Gold — o.  Divise, 
see  Gold — o.  Eydrochlorate  d',  see  Gold — o.  lodure 
d',  see  Gold  —  o.  Nitromuriate  d',  see  Gold  —  o. 
Oxide  d',  see  Gold — o  et  de  Sodium,  chlorure  d', 
see  Gold — o.  et  de  Soude,  Hydrochlorate  d',  see 
Gold — o.  et  de  Soude,  Muriate  d,'  see  Gold. 

ORA  SERRATA,  see  Ciliary  (Body.) 

ORACH,  STINKING,  Cbenopodium  vulvaria. 

ORAL,  (P.)  Oral,  Vocal,  from  os,  oris,  'a 
mouth.'     Relating  to  the  mouth  or  to  speech. 

ORANGE,  FLOWERS  OF  THE,  see  Citrus 
aurantium  —  o.  Root,  Hydrastis  Canadensis  —  o. 
Tree,  Citrus  aurantium. 

ORANGEADE.  A  drink,  made  with  orange 
juice  diluted  with  water.  It  is  antiphlogistic, 
and  often  recommended  in  acute  diseases. 

ORANGES,  see  Citrus  aurantium  —  o.  Curas- 
soa,  Aurantia  eurassaventia. 


OREES  CARTILAGINOSI  TRACEEiE,  see 
Trach  ea. 

OBICULAIRE  DES  LEVRES,  Orbicularis 
oris  —  o.  des  Paupieres,  Orbicularis  palpebrarum. 

ORBICULAR,  Orbicula'ris,  from  orhis,  'a 
circle.'     Spherical,  circular. 

Orbicular  Bone,  Os  orhicula're  seu  lenticu- 
la're  seu  Sylvii  seu  orhicula're  Syl'vii,  Gloh'nlui 
stapi'edis  ossis,  Epiph'ysis  cruris  loi.tjio'ris  in'cu- 
dis,  Ossic'ulum  orhicula're  seu  squnmo'sum  seu 
cochleare  seu  quartum,  is  the  smallest  of  the  four 
bones  of  the  ear.  It  is  scarcely  perceptible,  round, 
convex  on  two  surfaces,  and  situate  between  the 
long  ramus  of  the  incus  and  the  head  of  the 
stapes. 

Orbicular  Muscles  are  muscles  with  circular 
fibres  surrounding  some  natural  opening  of  the 
body.  1.  Orhicula'ris  Oris,  Sphincter  Lahio' rum, 
Semi  vel  Eemi-orhicida' ris,  Supra-semi-orhicnla'- 
ris,  Constric'tor  Oris,  Lahia'lis,  OscuJato'rius, 
Basia'tor,  (F.)  Lahial,  Orhicidaire  des  levres.  A 
muscle  situate  in  the  substance  of  the  lips,  and 
extending  from  one  commissure  to  the  other. 
It  is  formed  of  two  very  distinct  portions,  of  a 
semi-oval  shape ;  one  belonging  to  the  upper  lip, 
the  other  to  the  lower.  Their  extremities  cross 
at  the  commissures,  and  .are  confounded  with  the 
other  muscles  of  the  parts.  The  use  of  this  fleshy 
muscle  is  to  bring  the  lips  together,  and  to  close 
the  aperture  of  the  mouth,  by  making  it  repre- 
sent a  sort  of  hourrclet  with  radiated  wrinkles. 
It  is  an  antagonist  to  every  other  muscle  of  the 
lips.  2.  Orbicularis  Palpehra'rum,  Orhicularia 
oc'uli.  Orbicularis  palpehra'rum  cilia'ris,  Palpe- 
hra'rum duo  mus'culi,  3Iaxil'lo-palpehral,  Palpe- 
hra'lis,  Constrict' or  palpehra'rum.  Sphincter  Pal- 
pehra'rum seu  Oculi,  (F.)  Naso-p)alptehral  (Ch.), 
Palpjehral,  Orhicidaire  des  paitpieres.  A  muscle 
common  to  both  the  eyelids,  and  seated  in  their 
substance.  It  is  broad,  thin,  transversely  oval, 
and  cleft  in  its  great  diameter.  It  is  attached  to 
the  nasal  process  of  the  superior  maxillary  bone; 
to  the  internal  angular  process  of  the  frontal  bone, 
and  to  the  orbitar  process  of  the  superior  maxil- 
lai-y  bone.  From  these  origins  the  muscle  passes 
outwards,  under  the  skin  of  the  eyelids,  surround- 
ing the  orbit  in  a  circular  mannei-,  extending 
somewhat  beyond  it,  and  covering  the  upper  part 
of  the  cheek.  It  is  inserted  into  the  skin  of  the 
eyelids,  its  upper  and  inner  edge  being  intimately 
connected  with  the  frontal  and  corrugator  mus- 
cles. Its  use  is  to  close  the  eye,  by  bringing  the 
eyelids  together.  The  part  of  the  orbicularis 
Vi'hich  covers  the  cartilages  of  the  eyelids,  and 
which  is  remarkably  thin,  is  the  Musculus  Cilia- 
ris  of  some  authors. 

ORBICULARIS  OCULI,  Orbicularis  palpe- 
brarum, see  Orbicular  muscles  —  o.  Oris,  see  Or- 
bicular muscles  —  o.  Palpebrarum,  see  Orbicular 
muscles  —  o.  Palpebrarum  ciliaris,  see  Orbicular 
muscles  —  o.  Recti,  Sphincter  ani  externus. 

ORBICULUS  CILIARIS,  CUiary  ligament. 
Ciliary  zone. 

ORBIS  GENU,  Patella. 

ORBIT,  Or'hita,  0.  oc'uli,  Troch'ia,  Conchus 
seu  Cav'itas  seu  Fo'vea  seu  Pelvic'ula  oc'uli, 
from  07-bis,  'a  circle.'  The  circular  cavities  are 
so  called,  which  lodge  the  organs  of  sight.  The 
orbits  or  orbitar  fossa  or  cavities,  conchi,  Koyj^oi, 
are  situate  at  the  upper  part  of  the  face,  and  are 
composed  of  seven  bones,  viz.:  —  the  frontal, 
above;  ^^  palate  and  superior  maxillary,  he]ovf ; 
the  sphenoid  and  malar,  externally  :  and  the  eth- 
moid and  lachrymal,  internally.  The  orbit  is 
filled  by  the  globe  of  the  ej^e,  with  its  different 
accessary  parts  —  muscles,  nerves,  vessels,  the 
laehrj'mal  gland,  &c.  Its  margin  is  termed  mti'-^o 
orhita'lis. 


ORBITA 


622 


ORGANISATIO 


ChBlTA,  Orbit  — o.  Ocuii,  Orbit. 

ORBITAL  FISSURE,  INFERIOR,  Sphe- 
noidal fissure  —  0.  Fissure,  superior,  Maxillary 
fissure. 

OR'BITAR,  Orhila'rius,  Orbita'Us,  Or'hiud. 
Same  etymon.  Relating  or  belonging  to  the 
orbit. 

Orbitar  Apoph'tses  or  Proc"esses  terminate 
the  two  extremities  of  the  orbitar  arch.  The  ex- 
ternal is  much  more  prominent,  and  is  articulated 
Tvith  the  cheek-bone ;  the  internal  is  thinner,  and 
joins  the  os  unguis. 

Orbitar  Arch,  (F.)  Arcade  orbitaire,  is  the 
projecting,  round  margin,  which  separates  the 
frontal  and  orbitar  surfaces  of  the  os  frontis,  and 
forms  a  part  of  the  circumference  of  the  orbit. 

Or'bitar  Fissures,  (F.)  Fentes  orbitaires. 
These  are  situate  in  the  orbit.  They  are  two  in 
number:  one  superior,  the  Sphenoidal;  the  other 
inferior,  the  Spheno-maxillary. 

Orbitar  Foram'ina.  Of  these  thei-e  are  seve- 
ral:—  1,  The  Foramen  orbitariuni  sitpe'rius,  (F.) 
'Frou  orbitaire  superieur,  which  is  situate  at  the 
junction  of  the  inner  third  of  the  orbitar  arch 
with  its  two  outer  thirds,  and  gives  passage  to 
the  frontal  nerve.  2.  The  Foram'ina  orbita'ria 
interio'ra  vel  inter'na,  Foram'ina  Etlimo'idea. 
These  are  situate  at  the  upper  part  of  the  inter- 
nal paries  of  the  orbit,  are  formed  by  the  union 
of  two  notches  of  the  os  frontis  with  two  similar 
ones  of  the  ethmoid ;  and  are  distinguished  into 
anterior  and  posterior.  The  former  gives  passage 
to  the  ethmoidal  filament  of  the  nasal  nerve  and 
to  a  small  artejy. 

Orbitar  Nerve,  Nervu-s  orbita'lis  seu  orbita'- 
rius  eeu  subcuta'neus  malts,  is  a  branch  given  ofi" 
from  the  superior  maxillary.  It  enters  the  orbit 
by  the  spheno-maxillary  fissure,  and  divides  into 
two  filaments;  the  one  —  malar  —  which  passes 
over  the  cheek-bone,  is  distributed  to  the  orbicu- 
laris palpebrarum,  and  anastomoses  with  the  fa- 
cial nerve;  the  other  —  temporal  —  which  passes 
to  the  temporal  fossce,  and  anastomoses  with  the 
Inferior  maxillary  and  facial,  to  become  after- 
wards subcutaneous. 

ORBITO-EXTUS-SCLER  0  TICIEN,  Rectus 
externus  oeuli  —  o.  Intus-Sc-leroticien,  Rectus  in- 
ternus  oculi  —  o.  Maxillo-labial,  Levator  labii 
snperioris  proprius  —  o.  Palpebral,  Levator  pal- 
pebrse  superioris — o.  Sas-palpebral,  Levator  pal- 
pebraj  superioris. 

ORCANETTE,  Anchusa  officinalis. 

ORCHALGIA,  Orchidalgia. 

ORCHAS.  Scrotum. 

ORCHEI'TIS,  Oschi'tis,  Oschei'tis,  Inflamma'- 
tio  scroti,  from  op^ag,  'the  scrotum,'  and  itis, 
denoting  inflammation.  Inflammation  of  the 
scrotum. 

Orcheitis,  Hernia  humoralis. 

ORCIIEOCATABASIS,  Orchidocatabasis. 

ORCHEOCELE,  Orchiocele. 

ORCHEOTOMY,  Castration. 

0RCHE3TR0MANIA,  Chorea. 

ORCniDAL'GIA,  Orelial'cjia,  Orchidodyn'ia, 
from  op;\;i?,  '  a  testicle,'  and  a\yog,  '  pain.'  Pain 
of  the  testicle.  Nenralgia  of  the  testicle.  Irri- 
table testicle.     A  form  of  neuralgia. 

ORCHID ATROPH'IA,  Atroph'ia  testic'uli, 
from  opj^i?,  opxiio;,  'a  testicle,'  and  atrophia, 
'  atrophy.'     Atrophy  or  wasting  of  the  testicles. 

ORCIIIDITIS,  Hernia  humoralis. 
_  0  R  C  H I D  0  C  A  T  A  B  'A  S I S,    Oreheocatab'a- 
tin^  Descen'siis  tcsticnlo'rum,  from  opj^^is,  'the  tes- 
tis,' and  Karal^aaig,  'descent.'    The  descent  of  the 
testes  into  the  scrotum. 

ORCHTDOCELE,  Hernia  humoralis. 

ORCniDODYNIA,  Orchidalgia. 


ORCHIDOXCUS,  Hernia  humoralis. 

ORCHIDOTOMY,  Castration. 

ORCHILL,  Licjien  roccella. 

ORCHIOCE'LE,  Orcheoee'le,  itom  oQxih  'the 
testicle,'  and  Kri\ri,  '  a  rupture.'  A  tumour  of  the 
testicle.  Scrotal  hernia.  Hernia  humoralis.  A 
name  given  to  several  diseases  of  the  testicle 
and  its  envelopes,  essentially  differing  from  each 
other. 

Orchigce'le  Scirrho'sa,  Scirrhoce'le.  A  ma- 
lignant tumour  of  the  testis. 

ORCHIS,  Testicle— o.  Butterfly,  Orchis  bifolia. 

Orchis  Mas'cula,  Satyr'ion,  Male  Orchis,  Tes- 
tic'ulus  cani'nus,  Cynosor'chis,  Dogs'  stones,  Hale 
Fools'  atones,  Ticinroot.  This  root  has  had  a  place 
in  some  pharmacopoeias,  on  account  of  the  glu- 
tinous, slimy  juice  it  contains.  The  root  of  the 
Orchis  bifolia  or  Butterfly  orchis,  has  likewise 
been  collected.  It  has  been  used  as  a  demulcent. 
Its  fancied  aphrodisiac  virtues  seem  to  be  owing 
to  its  resemblance  to  op;^iy,  'a  testicle,'  whence 
its  name. 

Salep  is  obtained  from  this  variety  of  the  or- 
chis ;  —  and  from  the  Orchis  morio,  &g.  See 
Salep. 

Orchis,  Round-leaved,  Large,  Platanthera 
orbiculata. 

OROHITE,  Hernia  humoralis. 

ORCHITIS,  Hernia  humoralis. 

ORCHOI,  see  Tarsus. 

ORCHOTOMIA,  Castration.  Also,  removal 
of  the  tarsi. 

ORDEOLUM,  Hordeolum. 

ORDEUM,  Hordeum. 

ORDINATRES,  Menses. 

ORDONNANGE,  Formula,  Prescription. 

OREILLE  B' HOMME,  Asarum— o.  de  Souris, 
Hieracium  pilosella. 

OREILLETTE,  Asarum,  Auricle  of  the  heart. 

OREILLONS,  Parotis,  Cynanche  parotidsea. 

ORELIA  GRANDIFLORA,  Allamanda. 

ORELLANA,  see  Terra  Orleana. 

OREOSELIISrUM,  Athamanta  aureoselinum — 
o.  Africanum,  Bubon  galbanum  —  o.  Legitimum, 
Athamanta  aureoselinum — o.  Nigrum,  Athamanta 
aureoselinum. 

OREXIS,  Appetite,  Pyrosis — o.  Cynodes,  Bou- 
limia. 

ORGAN,  Or'(/amim,  Or'ganon.  'An  instru- 
ment.' Part  of  an  organized  being,  destined  to 
exercise  some  particular  function.  Thus  —  the 
eyes  are  organs  of  sight;  the  muscles  are  or- 
gans of  motion,  &c.  The  collection  of  organs, 
which  concur  in  any  function,  is  called  apipO' 
ratns. 

ORGANA  GENERATIONI  INSERYIEN- 
TIA,  Genital  organs  —  o.  Sudoripara,  see  Per- 
spiration. , 

ORGANES  GENITAUX,  Genital  organs. 

ORGAN'IC,  Organ'icns.  Relating  to  an  organ 
or  organs,  and  to  beings  possessed  of  organs. 
Hence,  Organic  Functions  are  those  possessed 
by  both  animals  and  vegetables.  It  is  also  used 
synonymously  with  vital,  in  contradistinction  to 
physical. 

Organic  Chemistry,  see  Chymistry. 

Organic  Diseases  or  Lesioxs  are  such  as 
concern  the  organ  itself,  in  contradistinction  to 
functional,  rat"ional,  or  dynam'ic,  which  merely 
concern  the  function.  Of  course,  organic  dis- 
eases of  a  part  are  always  more  serious  than 
functional. 

Organic  Nervous  System,  see  Trisplanchnic 
nerve. 

ORGANICISM,  Organicism'vs,  from  opyavov, 
'an  organ.'  The  doctrine  of  the  localization  of 
disease.     A  modern  term,  but  not  much  used. 

ORGANISATIO,  Organization. 


ORGANISATUS 


623 


OROS 


OTlGA^'ISATUS,  Organized. 

OR'GANISM.  Same  etymon.  The  living  eco- 
nomy. Many  pliysiologists  have  used  this  word 
synonymously  -with  organization  ;  but  more  espe- 
cially to  designate  the  aggregate  of  vital  actions 
in  organized  beings,  animals  as  well  as  vegetables. 
The  collection  of  parts  composing  an  organized 
body,  and  the  laws  which  govern  it. 

ORGANIZABIL'ITY,  from  organisatw,  and 
hahilis,  'suitable.'  Capability  of  organization  or 
of  being  formed  into  living  tissue.  Substances 
possessed  of  such  capability — as  fibrin — are  said 
to  be  organizable. 

ORGANIZABLE,  see  Organizability. 

ORGANIZA'TION,  Orgamsa'tio,  from  opyavov, 
'an  organ.'  The  manner  of  structure  proper  to 
different  beings.  It  is  also  employed  in  the  sense 
of  the  structure  of  a  part  j  as,  the  organization 
of  the  heart,  <fcc. 

ORGANizATioJf,  COMPOUNDS  OF,  Principles,  im- 
mediate. 

OR'GANIZED,  Or'ganis  instruc'tus,  Organi- 
sa'tiis.     That  which  is  composed  of  organs. 

Organized  Bodies,  (F.)  Corps  organises,  are 
those  endowed  with  life  ;  i.  e.  animals  and  vege- 
tables :  in  contradistinction  to  inorganic  bodies, 
which  comprise  the  mineral  kingdom.  See  Corpus. 

ORGANOCHEMIA,  Chymistry,  organic. 

ORGANOG"ENY,  Organogen'ia,  from  opyavov, 
'an  organ,'  and  ytvecn;,  'generation.'  The  doc- 
trine of  the  formation  of  different  organs. 

ORGANOGNO'SIA,  fi-om  opyarov,  '  organ,'  and 
yvuicis,  '  knowledge.'  The  knowledge  and  discri- 
mination of  organized  bodies. 

ORGANOG'RAPHY,  Organograph'ia,  from 
opyavov,  '  an  organ,'  and  ypacprt,  '  a  description.' 
A  description  of  the  organs  of  a  living  body. 

ORGANOLOGY,  Anatomy,  Craniology. 

ORGANON  OLFACTUS,  Nasus. 

ORGANONOM'IA,  from  opyavov,  'an  organ,' 
and  votiog,  '  a  law.'  The  doctrine  of  the  laws  of 
organic  life. 

ORGANOZOONOMIA,  Zoonomia. 

ORGANUM,  Instrument. 

ORGASM,  Orgas'nme,  Orgo'sis,  from  opyaw, 
'I  desire  ardently,'  'I  am  excited.'  CEstrua'tion. 
A  strong  impulse  or  desire  for  something.  State 
of  excitement  andturgescence  of  any  organ  what- 
ever. Erethism.  Applied  particularly  to  the 
height  of  venereal  excitement  in  sexual  inter- 
course. 

ORGASMUS,  Turgescenee. 

ORGAS'TICA.  Same  etymon.  The  second 
order  of  the  class  Genetica  of  Good.  Defined : 
diseases  affecting  the  orgasm ;  organic  or  consti- 
tutional infirmity  disordering  the  power  or  the 
desire  of  procreating. 

ORGE,  Rage. 

OIIGE,  Hordeum  —  o.  PerU,  see  Hordeum. 

ORGEAT,  Syrupus  amygdalse. 

ORGE  LET,  Hordeolum. 
ORGEOLET,  Hordeolum. 

ORGOSIS,  Orgasm. 

ORICHALCUM,  Brass. 

ORICULAR,  Auricular. 

ORTCVLE,  Auricle,  Pavilion  of  the  ear. 

ORIFICIUM,  Mouth— 0.  Dextrum  Veutriculi, 
Pylorus — 0.  Uteri,  Os  uteri — o.  Ventriculi  Sinis- 
trum,  Cardia. 

OPi.IG'ANUM,  Origanum  vidga' re,  Cuni'la  hu'- 
bnla,  Marjora' na  manciira'na,  0.  heracleot'iexim, 
Zazarhen'di  herba,  Wild  mar'joram.  Common 
f^iarjoram,  3Iancnra'na,  (F.)  Pied  de  lit.  Family. 
Lr.biataj.  Sex.  Si/st.  Didynamia  Gymnospermia, 
This  plant  resembles  marjoram  in  smell;  and  has 
h  pungent  taste,  much  like  thyme.  It  is  aromatic 


and  stimulant;  and  its  oil  possesses  the  proper- 
ties of  the  essential  oils  in  general.  The  oil, 
oleum  origani  (Ph.  U.  S.),  is  very  pungent,  and 
is  rarely  given  internally.  It  is  used  in  toothach. 
Origanum  Aquaticum,  Eupatorium  cannabi- 
num — o.  Creticum,  0.  dictamnus. 

Origanum  Dictam'nus,  Dictamnus  Cret'ievg, 
0.  Creticum,  Amar'acus  tomento'sus,  Oni'tis,  Ditt'- 
any  of  Crete,  (F.)  Dictamne  de  Crete.  The  leaves 
of  this  plant  were  once  recommended  as  emme- 
nagogue  and  alexipharmic. 

Origanum  Heracleoticum,  Origanum. 

Origanum  Majora'na,  ilarjora'na,  0.  majora- 
no'i'des,  Majorana,  31.  horten'sie,  Sweet  marjoram, 
Samp'siicus,  Agriorig'anum,  Amar'acus,  {¥.)3Iar- 
jolaine.  Its  odour  is  strong  and  fragrant;  tast-o 
aromatic  and  bitterish.  Its  properties  are  those 
of  a  stomachic  and  errhine.  It  is  chiefly  used, 
however,  for  culinary  purposes,  and  as  a  snuff  in 
headach. 

Origanum  Syriacum,  Teucrium  marum. 

ORIGINAIRE  {F.),{romorigo,  'origin.'  This 
term  has  been  used,  by  French  writers,  in  the 
same  sense  as  congenital.  It  is  particularly  ap- 
plied to  affections  depending  upon  faulty  confor- 
mation, or  to  faulty  conformation  itself. 

ORIGO,  Arche. 

ORISMOLOGY,  Terminology. 

ORLEANA,  see  Terra  Orleana. 

ORME,  Appetite. 

0R3fE.  Ulmus. 

ORMSKIRK  MEDICINE.  A  celebrated  an- 
tilyssie  remedy,  supposed  to  consist  of  Pulv.  Cre- 
tcB,  ^^ss  ;  Bol.  Armcn.  ^iij  ;  Alumin.  gr.  x;  Pidv. 
InulcB,  3J  )■    01.  Anisi,  gtt.  vj. 

This  is  taken  for  a  dose  every  morning  for  six 
times,  in  a  glass  of  water,  with  a  small  proportion 
of  fresh  milk. 

ORNAMENTUM  FOLIACEUM,  see  Tube, 
Fallopinn. 

ORNITHOG'ALUM  ALTIS'SIMUM.  a  South 
African  plant,  Nat.  Ord.  Asphodelea;,  the  fleshy 
bulb  of  which  is  diuretic.  An  oxymel  is  prepared 
of  it,  which  is  given  in  catarrh,  asthma,  phthisis, 
and  hydrothorax.  It  resembles  squill  in  its  me- 
dical properties. 

Ornithogalum  Mabitimum,  Scilla — o.  Squilla, 
Scilla. 

ORNITHOGLOSS^,  see  Praxinus  excelsior. 

ORNUS  EUROPiEA,  see  Fraxinus  ornus  —  o. 
Mannifera,  Fraxinus  ornus  —  o.  Rotundifolia, 
Fraxinus  ornus  —  o.  Sylvestris,  Fraxinus  excel- 
sior. _ 

OROBAN'CHE  VIRGINIA'NA,  Eplfa'gua 
America'nus,  E.  Virginia'nus,  Virgin'ia  broom- 
rape.  Beech-drops,  Cancer-root.  Family,  Oro- 
banchoideas.  This  parasitic  plant  is  astringent, 
and  a  peculiar  and  extremely  nauseous  bitter. 
It  is  most  powerful  when  fresh.  It  has  been 
used  in  dysentery;  and,  externally,  to  obstinate 
ulcers. 

Oroban'che  America'na,  and  0.  TJniflo'ra, 
have  the  same  properties,  and  are,  likewise,  called 
Cancer-root,  Earth-club,  and  Clapwort. 

OROBE,  Ervum  ervilia. 

OROBION,  see  Ervum  ervilia. 

OROBOi'DES,  from  opo^of,  'theorohus,'  and 
£i^of,  '  form.'  Orobo'des.  Having  the  shape  of  the 
orobus.  A  name  given  to  urine,  Urina  orobo'des 
seu  orobdi'des,  when  depositing  a  substance  of  a 
fawn  colour,  like  the  meal  of  the  orobus. 

OROBUS,  Ervum  ervilia — o.  Faba,  Vicia  faba- 

ORONGE,  see  Agaric. 

OROPHALL'US,  from  opo?,  or  opp^?,  'the 
rump,'  and  <[ia\'Soi,  'the  male  organ.'  A  monster 
having  a  second  male  organ  originating  from  the 
rump. —  Gurlt. 

OROS,  Cioupion,  Serum. 


ORPIMEXT 


624 


OS 


OPi'PIMEXT,  Auripigmen'ttim,  Orpin,  liisi- 
gnl'lmn,  liii.sigallum,  Cloiiiur,  Elome,  Si'ra,  Lempi- 
iiiaJi,  Spec' ul Jin  cit'riiium.,  Yrides,  Yride.  The 
native  yellow  sulpliuret  cf  ai'senic.  It  is  poison- 
ous, but  less  so  than  the  oxide.  It  is,  also,  called 
Adarigo,  Adarnech,  AJiusal,  Althanachci,  Azarnef. 
The  Turks  prepare  a  depilatory  with  it,  -which 
they  call  liustna. 

OKPIN,  Orpiment — o.  Bralant,  Sedum  —  o. 
G-rand,  Sedum  telephium  —  o.  Beprise,  Sedum 
telephium. 

OIIPINE,  Sedum  telephium. 

OP.Pv.HO  CHEZ  I  A,  Diarrhoea,  serous. 

ORPlHOCYST'IS,  from  opwg,  'serum,'  and 
KvoTig,  'a  bladder.'  An  encysted  tumour  con- 
taining a  serous  fluid. 

ORRHOHYMENITIS,  Hydrohymenitis. 

ORRHOPTG'IOX.  The  inferior  extremity  of 
the  vertebral  column  ;  from  opog,  '  extremity,'  and 
irvyr],  'the  nates.'  The  os  coccygis.  Also,  the 
raphe,  extending  from  the  penis  to  the  anus,  and 
separating  the  scrotum  into  two  parts. 

ORPiHORRHCE'A,  from  o^^og,  'serum,'  and 
p£(ij,  '  I  flow.'  A  morbidly  increased  secretion  of 
a  serous  fluid. 

ORRHOS,  Croupion,  Serum. 

ORRIS,  Iris  Morentina  —  o.  Common,  Iris 
Germanica. 

ORSEILLE,  Lichen  roceella. 

ORTEIL,  Digitus  pedis. 

ORTHOCO'LUM,  from  opQo^,,  'straight,'  and 
caXoi',  '  limb.'  Stiifness  of  the  limb,  so  that  it  is 
kept  quite  straight. 

ORTHODO'PtOX.  A  measure  with  the  Greeks, 
equal  to  eleven  finger-breadths. 

ORTHOG'NATHOUS,  from  opBog,  'right, 
straight,'  and  yvado;,  'jaw.'  Having  a  vertical 
jaw.  A  term  applied  to  the  form  of  head  in 
which  the  facial  angle  approaches  the  right 
angle. 

ORTHOMORPHTA,  Orthopffidia. 

ORTHOMORPHOSIS,  Orthopsedia. 

ORTHONTROPIA,  Orthopffidia. 

ORTHOP^EDI'A,  OrthopcB'dice,  OrtUmor'plna, 
Orthomorplio' sis,  Ortlionfropj'ia,  OrtJwped'ics, from 
op^os,  'right,'  and  raig,  'a  child.'  The  part  of 
medicine  whose  object  is  to  prevent  and  correct 
deformity  in  the  bodies  of  children.  Often  used, 
however,  with  a  more  extensive  signification,  to 
embrace  the  correction  or  prevention  of  deformi- 
ties at  all  ages.  Orthosomat'ice,  Orthosomat'ice, 
from  opOoi,  'right,'  and  cwfia,  'body,'  has  teen 
proposed  as  a  preferable  term. 

ORTHOPE'DIC,  (9rC7(q2:)(z'd'?VHs/  same  etymon. 
Relating  to  orthopffidia,  —  as  Orthopedic  Institu- 
tion, Institu'tum  orthnpcB'diciim  sen  ortliopa'dium  : 
an  institution  for  the  correction  or  prevention  of 
deformities  in  children. 

ORTHOPEDICS,  Orthopcedia. 

ORTHOPE'DIST,  Ortho'ter,  Orthopm'dicuB, 
same  etymon.     Oae  who  practises  orthopffidia. 

ORTHOPHREN'IC,  Orthojihrcn'icns,  from 
cpOog,  'right,'  and  <pprjv,  'mind.'  Pi,elating  to 
Found  mind. 

OKTHOPNCE'A,  Suffoca'tio,  Strancjula'iio, 
PvcBfoca'tio,  Pni.K,  Pnif/mtts,  Euthiip'noe,  Eii- 
lhyp\(B'a,  jiiujor,  Apnre'u,  from  op5oj,  '  right,' 
♦  straight,'  and  -nvm,  '  I  respire.'  Impracticability 
of  breathing'  'n  the  horizontal  posture.  Necessity 
of  being  in  the  erect  posture,  in  order  to  respire. 

Orthopnosa  Cardiaca,  Angina  Pectoris  —  o. 
Convulsiva,  Asthma  —  o.  Cynanchica,  Cynanche 
trachealis — o.  Ilydrothoracica,  Hydrotborax — o. 
Hysterica.  Angone — o.  Pituitosa,  Mycorthopntea 
--0.  Tussiculosa,  Pertussis. 

OKTHOSOjIATICE.  Orthopajdia. 


ORTnOS03IATIQ UE,  Orthopffidia. 

ORTHOTER,  Orthopedist. 

ORTHYSTEROPTOMA,  Prolapsus  uterL 

ORTHYSTEROPTOSIS,  Prolapsus  uteri. 

OETIE,  Urtica — o.  Blanche,  Lamium  album — 
o.  Brtdante,  Urtica  urens  —  o.  Ilorte,  Lamium 
album — o.  Ilorte  des  Bois,  Galeopsis — o.  Romaine, 
Urtica  pilulifera. 

ORTYX,  Tetrao  coturnix. 

ORUS,  Crovpion,  Serum. 

ORVALE,  Salvia  sclarea. 

ORVIETA'XUM.  From  the  Italian  Orvie- 
tano.  An  electuary  regarded  as  an  invaluable 
antidote,  and  composed  of  Old  theriac,  Britd  vi- 
pers, Scorzonera,  Carlina,  Impieratoriiirn,  Angel- 
ica, Bistort,  Rosemary,  Juniper,  Cinnamon,  Cloves, 
3Iace,  Honey,  and  a  crowd  of  other  substances. 
Its  medical  properties  resembled,  in  some  re- 
spects, those  of  the  theriac.  It  was  so  called, 
according  to  some,  because  invented  by  Orvietano, 
a  celebrated  charlatan;  or,  according  to  others, 
from  Orvieto,  a  town  in  Italy. 

ORY'ZA,  from  Orez,  (Arab.,)  Ory'za  sati'va, 
Rice,  (F.)  Biz.  Family,  Gramineffi.  Sex.  Syst. 
Hexandria  Monogynia.  A  plant,  almost  aquatic, 
and  indigenous  in  China,  one  of  the  richest  pro- 
ductions of  Egypt,  and  which  prospers  in  the 
warmer  regions  of  the  four  quarters  of  the  globe. 
The  grain  inclosed  in  the  husk  is  called  by  the 
Malays  Paddy,  Padi,  or  Paddie  ;  when  deprived 
of  the  husk,  Bras,  and  when  boiled  Nasi.  Its 
amylaceous  seeds,  Ory'za,  Ory'zum,  Ilordeum  ga,- 
lac'ticum,  nourish  more  men  than  those  of  wheat 
and  rye  together.  Besides  being  alimentary,  they 
are  demulcent  and  emollient.  Gardiner's  ali- 
mentary preparation  is  very  finely  ground  rice- 
meal. 

Mucilage  of  Bice,  Bice  icatcr,  may  be  formed 
by  taking  one  ounce  of  rice,  and,  having  washed 
it,  macerating  it  for  three  hours  in  a  quart  of 
tepid  soft  wafer,  in  a  pan  placed  upon  a  stove; 
then  boiling  the  whole  slowly  for  anothei  hour, 
and  straining  through  a  sieve. 

It  may  be  sweetened  and  acidulated,  or  be 
prepared  with  milk,  like  arrow-root,  and  be  used 
as  a  demulcent. 

Bice  Jelly  is  made  by  macerating  a  sufficient 
quantity  of  clean  rice  in  as  much  water  as  will 
cover  it ;  boiling  slowly,  adding  water  as  it  evap- 
orates, until  the  rice  is  reduced  to  a  pap,  sweeten- 
ing and  flavouring  with  lemon-juice  or  vanilla, 
and  passing  through  a  fine  sieve  into  a  form  or 
mould.  It  may  bo  eaten  alone  or  with  milk;  and 
is  a  good  diatetic  preparation  for  those  of  weak 
digestive  powers. 

Ground  rice.  Take  a  tablespoonful  of  ground 
rice ;  a  pint  and  a  half  of  milk,  and  half  an  ounce 
of  candied  lemon-jieel.  Rub  the  rice  smooth  with 
the  milk :  then  add  the  lemon-peel  cut  into  small 
pieces ;  boil  for  half  an  hour,  and  strain  whilst 
the  milk  is  hot.  It  is  used  in  the  same  cases  aa 
rice  jelly. 

OS,  Bone,  Mouth,  seq  Ossiculum  —  o.  Acromii, 
Acromion  —  o.  ad  Cubitale,  Radius  —  o.  Adjuto- 
rium.  Humeri  os  —  o.  Alffiforme,  Sphenoid  —  o. 
Alagas,  Coccyx,  Sacrum — o.  Amphideon,  Os  uteri 

—  o.  Anonyme,  Innominatum  os — o.  Anonymum, 
Innominatum  os  —  o.  Anticum,  Avant  louche — o. 
Arcviale,  Temporal  bone  —  o.  Armale,  Temporal 
bone — 0.  Asser,  Sternum — o.  de  I'Assietfe,  Ischion 

—  0.  Azygos,  Sphenoid  —  o.  Ballist??,  Astragalus 

—  0.  Basilare,  Occipital  bone,  Palate  bone.  Sa- 
crum, Sphenoid  —  o.  Baxillare,  Sphenoid — o.  Bi- 
corne,  Hyoides  os — o.  Brachialo,  Humeri  os  —  o, 
Brachii,  Humeri  os  —  o.  Calcis,  Calcaneum  —  o. 
Capitatnm,  Magnum  os — o.  Caudffi,  Occipital  bono 
— o.  Clunium,  Sacrum — o.  Coccygis,  Coccyx  —  a. 
Colatorium,  Ethmoid  bone  —  o.  Coliforme,  EtL- 


OS 


623 


OSCnOPYCEDEMA 


moid — 0.  Convolutum  snperius,  Turbinated  bone, 
middle  —  o.  Coronale,  Frontal  bone  —  o.  Coxjs, 
Innominatum  os  —  o.  Coxal,  Innominatum  os, 
Isehion — o.  Orihleux,  Ethmoid — o.  Cribriforme, 
Ethmoid — 0.  Cribrosum,  Ethmoid — o.  Cristatum, 
Ethmoid — o.  Crochu,  Os  uniciforme. 

OS  CROTOPHALE.  A  name  given  by  M. 
B6elard  to  a  bone  sometimes  met  with  at  the  an- 
terior and  inferior  angle  of  the  parietal  bone;  from 
KpoTa(pog,  '■  the  temple.' 

Os  Crotaphiticum,  Temporal  bone  —  o.  Cubi- 
cum,  Ethmoid  bone — o.  Cubiti  Inferius,  Ulna — o. 
de  la  Cuisse,  Eemur — o.  Cuneiforme,  Sphenoid  — 
o.  Cuneo  comparatum,  Sphenoid — o.  Cymbiforme, 
Scaphoid  bone  — o.  Disciforme,  Patella  —  o.  Du- 
rum, Temporal  bone — o.  Ensiforme,  Sternum. 

OS  EPACTALE.  A  name  given  to  one  of  the 
ossa  Wormiana;  particularly  to  one  met -with  in 
the  posterior  fontanelle,  and  which  has  been  de- 
scribed by  G.  Fischer,  under  the  name  Os  Epac- 
tale  seu  Goethian'vm. 

OS  EPAGTAUX,  Wormiana  ossa. 

Os  ExTEExnir.  The  entrance  into  the  vagina, 
In  contradistinction  to  the  Os  ■inter'nnm  or  Os 
u'teri. 

Os  Extra  Ordinem  Carpi,  Os  pisiforme  —  o- 
Fibrosum,  Occipital  bone  —  o.  Foramiuulentum, 
Ethmoid  —  0.  Frontis,  Frontal  bone  —  o.  Gena3, 
Malaj  OS — o.  G-ladioli,  Sternum — o.  Grand,  Mag- 
num OS — o.  Grand,  col  du,  Collum  ossis  magni — 
0.  Grandinosum,  Cuboid — o.  Gutturis,  Hyoides  os 

—  0.  Hamatum,  Os  unciforme  —  o.  Hors  du  rany, 
Os  pisiforme — o.  llypopium,  Malae  os — o.  Ilypse- 
loides,  Hyoides  os  —  o.  Inoonjugatum,  Sphenoid 
— 0.  Incudi  similis,  Incus — o.  Inferius  ventriculi. 
Pylorus — 0.  Innomine,  Innominatum  os — o.  Inter- 
caUs,  Wormiana  ossa — o.  Internum,  Os  uteri- — o. 
Inverecundum,  Frontal  bone  —  o.  Ischii,  Isehion 

—  o.  Interparietale,  Interparietal  bone  —  o.  Ju- 
gale,  Malffi  os  —  o.  Jngamentum,  MaliB  os  —  o. 
Juguli,  Clavicle  —  o.  Lacrymale,  Unguis  os — o. 
Lambda,  Occipital  bone — o.  Lambdoides,  Hyoides 
OS,  Occipital  bone — o.  Lapideum,  Temporal  bone 
— 0.  Latum,  Sacrum — o.  Latum  humeri.  Scapula, 

—  0.  Lenticulare,  Os  orbiculare,  Os  pisiforme — o. 
Lepidoides,  Temporal  bone — o.  Lingu83,  Hj'oides 
OS — o.  Linguale,  Hyoides  os — o.  Lithoides,  Tem- 
poral bone  —  o.  Magnum,  neck  of  the,  Collum 
ossis  magni  —  o.  Malaire,  Malse  os  —  o.  Malare, 
Mal£e  os  —  o.  Maxillaa  superioris  undecimum. 
Vomer — o.  1/axillaire  inferieure,  Collum  mandi- 
bulaj — 0.  Memento  mori,  Temporal  bone — o.  Me- 
morise, Occipital  bone  —  o.  Mendosum,  Temporal 
bone  —  0.  Morsus  Adami,  Thyroid  cartilage  —  o. 
Mucronatum,  Xiphoid  cartilage — o.  Multangulum 
majus.  Trapezium  os  —  o.  Multangulum  minus, 
Trapezoides  os  —  o.  Multiforme,  Ethmoid,  Sphe- 
noid— o.  Nasaux,  Nasal  bones — o.  Naviculare,  Os 
Bcaphoides — o.  Nervale,  Temporal  bone — o.  Ner- 
vosum, Occipital  bone — o.  Oceipiti,  Occipital  bone 
— o.  Orbiculare,  Os  pisiforme  —  o.  du  Palais,  Pa- 
late bone  —  0.  Palati,  Palate  bone  —  o.  Palatin, 
Palate  bone  —  o.  Papillare,  Sphenoid  —  o.  Parie- 
tale  inferius.  Temporal  bone — o.  Paxillarc,  Sphe- 
noid—  o.  Pectinis,  Pubis,  os  —  o.  Pectoris,  Ster- 
num—  0.  Pelvi-cephalicum,  Occipital  bone  —  o. 
Pelvis  laterale,  Innominatum  os  —  o.  Perone,  Fi- 
bula— 0.  Petrosum,  Temporal  bone — o.  Polymor- 
phon.  Sphenoid — o.  de  la  Pommette,  Malee  os — o. 
Posterum,  Pharynx — o.  Prseruptse  rupi  assimila- 
tum.  Temporal  bone  —  o.  Procubitale,  Ulna  —  o. 
Propres  du  nez,  Nasal  bones — o  ProrsB,  Occipital 
bone — 0.  Pudicum,  Malse  os — o.  Puppis,  Frontal 
bone.  Occipital  bone — o.  Pyramidale  carpi,  Trape- 
zoides OS — 0.  Pyxidis,  Occipital  bone — o.  Ration- 
is,  Frontal  bone  —  o.  du  Bayon,  Radius  —  o.  Sa- 
crum, S.iorvm  —  0.  Saxeum,  Temporal  bone  —  o. 

40 


Scutiforme,  Patella — o.  Sedentarium,  see  Ischiatio 
— 0.  Semilunare,  Lunare  os — o.  Sextum  eranii,  Oc- 
cipital bone  —  o.  du  Sinciput,  PaVietal  bones,  see 
Sinciput — o.  Sous-cthmo'idal,  Turbinated  bone, 
inferior — o.  Sphceno-basilare,  Occipital  bone — o. 
Spheooides,  Sphenoid — o.  Sphenoidale,  Sphenoid 
— 0.  Sphenoides,  Sphenoid — o.  Spongiosum,  Eth- 
moid— 0.  Spongiosum  inferius.  Turbinated  bone, 
inferior  —  o.  Spongiosum  medium.  Turbinated 
bone,  middle — o.  Spongiosum  superius.  Turbina- 
ted bone,  middle.  Turbinated  bone,  superior — o. 
Spongoides,  Ethmoid — o.  Squamosum,  Temporal 
bone  —  o.  Suboculare,  Malas  os  —  o.  Surnumi- 
raircs,  Yformiana  ossa — o.  Susmaxillaire,  Maxil- 
lary (superior)  bone — o.  Sylvii,  Os  orbiculare — o. 
Temporis,  Temporal  bone — o.  Tessera,  Cuboid — 
0.  Thyreoides,  Patella — o.  Tibiae  minus,  Fibula 
—  o.  TincEB,  Os  uteri  —  o.  7riaiigulaircs,  Wormi- 
ana ossa — 0.  Turbinatum,  Turbinated  bone, 
middle  —  o.  Turbinatum  inferius.  Turbinated 
bone,  inferior — o.  Uncinatum,  Os  unciforme — o. 
Upsiloides,  Hj'oides  os  —  o.  Varium,  Cuboid — o. 
Vespiforme,  Sj^henoid  —  o.  Vomeris,  Vomer — o. 
Woriniens,  Wormiana  ossa —  o.  Xiphoides,  Ster- 
num—  0.  Ypseloides,  Hyoides  os  —  o.  Zygomati- 
cum,  Malffi  os. 

Os  U'teri,  Os  tinccB,  Protos'porns,  Os  inter'- 
nnm, Os  ampMd'eon  seu  ampJtid'eum,  Os'eheon, 
ITysteros'toma,  Os'cidum  u'teri,  Plysterostom'ium, 
Orific"ium  ti'teri,  (F.)  Museau  de  TancJie.  The 
mouth  of  the  womb,  see  Uterus. 

OSCEDO,  Yawning. 

0  S  C  H  iB  M  A  T  (E  D  E '  M  A ,  Osclicpmcede  'ma, 
(Ede'ma  scroti  cruen' turn ;  from  oa^eov,  'scrotum,* 
'atjia,  'blood,'  and  oibrifia,  'oedema.'  Effusion  of 
blood  into  the  scrotum. 

OSCH^EMCEDEMA,  Oschaematcedema. 

OSCHE.  Scrotum. 

OSCHEITIS,  Orcheitis,  Oschitis. 

OSCHEOCARCINOMA,  Cancer,  chimnej'- 
sweepers'. 

OSCHEOCE'LE,  OscJioce'le,  from  oux^ov,  'the 
scrotum,'  and  K^^\r|,  'tumour;'  Scrotal  hernia,  see 
Bubonocele.  Sauvages  uses  it  in  the  sense  of 
Dropsy  of  the  scrotum,  see  Hydrocele. 

Oscheocele  Aqxjosa,  Hj'droscheoeele — o.  Fla- 
tulenta,  Physocele — o.  Hydatidosa,  Hydatidocele 
— 0.  CEdematica,  CEdematoscheoeele — o.  Semina- 
lis.  Spermatocele — o.  Urinalis,  Urocele — o.  Vari- 
cosa.  Varicocele. 

OSCIIEON,  Scrotum,  Os  uteri. 

OSCHEON'CUS,  Oschon'cns,  Oscheophy 'ma; 
Oschophy'ma,  from  oa'x^s.ov,  '  scrotum,' and  oyKOi, 
'a  tumour.'  A  preternatural  swelling  of  the 
scrotum, 

OSCIIEOPHYMA,  Oscheoncus. 

OSCHEOPLAS'TIC,  Oscheoplcts'ticus,  from 
osx^ov,  'the  scrotum,'  and  Tr-Aao-cw,  'I  form.'  An 
epithet  given  to  the  operation  for  restoring  the 
scrotum  when  lost. 

OSCHEOPYCEDE'MA,  Oschopyo'.de'ma,  (Ede'- 
ma  scroti  punden'tum.  Purulent  tumefaction  of 
the  scrotum. 

OSCHEUS,  Scrotum. 

OS'CHION.  The  raised  margin  of  the  os  uteri. 
According  to  some,  an  excrescence  from  the  oa 
uteri. 

OSCHI'TIS,  Orchei'tis,  Oschei'tis,  Inflamma'tio 
scroti,  from  ocx^ov,  'the  scrotum,'  and  itis,  'in- 
flammation.'    Inflammation  of  the  scrotum. 

OSCHOCARCINOMA,  Cancer,  cMmney- 
sweepers'. 

OSCHOCELE,  Oscheocele. 

OSCHONCUS,  Oscheoncus. 

OSCHOPHYMA,  Oscheoncus. 

OSCHOPYGEDEMA,  Oscheopyotdema. 


OSCHUR(EDEMA 


62S 


OSSIFICATIOJT 


OSCHURCEDE'MA  :  from  ocrxcov,  'scrotum,' 
vvpov,  'urine,'  and  odrji^ci,  '  osdema.'  CEdema 
from  eiffusion  of  urine  into  the  scrotum. 

OSCHUS,  Scrotum. 

OSCHYDRCEDE'MA,  from  ocrxcov,  'scrotum,' 
'vSoyp,  '  water,'  and  oiiripta,  '  oedema.'  Q£dema 
scroti  aquo'sam.     Watery  osdema  of  the  scrotum. 

OSCILLA'TIO,  Irritability,  Oscillation. 

OSCILLA'TION,  Oscilla'tio;  from  osciUum, 
'an  image  perhaps  of  Bacchus,  hung  on  ropes, 
and  swung  up  and  down  in  the  air.'  Vibration, 
Vibra'men,  Vihra'tio,  Vibra'tus.  Also,  a  partial 
rotatory  movement  of  the  eyeball  to  and  from  its 
antero-posterior  axis. 

OS'CITAXT  (FEVER),  Fehris  os'eiians,  (E.) 
Fiivre  oscitante,  from  oscitare,  'to  yawn.'  A  fever, 
in  which  the  patient  is  continually  yawning. 

OSCITATIO,  Yawning. 

OSCULATORIUS,  Orbicularis  oris. 

OSCULUM  UTERI,  Os  uteri. 

OSCUS,  Scrotum. 

OSEILLE,  Rumex  aeetosa  —  o.  Boucher,  Ru- 
mex  scutatus  —  o.  Petite,  Rumex  scutatus  —  o. 
Itonde,  Rumex  scutatus  —  o.  Eouge,  Rumex  san- 
guineus. 

OS'MAZOME,  Os'mozome,  Osmazo'ma,  0/imo- 
zo'ma,  Zomod'mnm,  (P.)  Matiere  extractive  du 
Bouillon;  Extractive  of  meat,  Saponaceous  extract 
of  meat;  from  oufi-n,  'smell,'  and  ^w^o?,  'soup.' 
M.  Thenard  gave  this  name  to  an  extractive 
matter,  contained  in  muscular  flesh  and  in  the 
blood  of  animals,  which  he  considers  of  a  peculiar 
nature.  It  has  an  agreeable  smell  and  taste,  and 
is  found  in  Bouillons  of  meat,  in  the  proportion 
of  one  part  to  seven  of  gelatin.  Vauquelin  dis- 
covered in  it  some  fungi.  It  is  the  substance 
which  gives  the  flavour  of  meat  to  soups,  and 
hence  its  name.  It  has  been  prescribed  in  the 
dose  of  ^S5  to  5J'  in  broth  or  in  powder,  with 
aromatic?,  as  a  stimulant  to  the  digestive  actions 
and  a  restorer  of  appetite  in  convalescence.  An 
Osmazome  chocolate,  Chocola'ta  cum  osmazo'ma, 
has  been  introduced  as  an  analeptic  article  of 
diet.     It  consists  oi  chocolate  S)j  to  osmazome  ^j. 

OSME,  Odour. 

OSMESIS.  Olfaction. 

OSMIDRO'SIS,  from  ocur,,  '  odour,'  and  'ihpuii, 
'  sweat.'     Perspiration  of  an  unusual  odour. 

OSMITOPS'IS  ASTERISCOI'DES,  Bellis. 
A  plant,  of  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  which,  from 
its  smell  and  taste,  seems  to  contain  camphor; 
hence  its  antispasmodic  virtues.  In  infusion,  it 
is  often  beneficially  employed  in  cough,  hoarse- 
ness, and  diseases  of  the  chest  generally,  and  is 
said  to  be  serviceable  in  flatulent  colic.  Infused 
in  spirit,  spir'ifus  bellidis,  it  has  been  used  suc- 
cessfully as  an  external  remedy  in  paralysis. 

OSMOMETRIGUS  SENSUS,  Olfaction. 

OSMON'OSI,  Osmonu'si,  ilorbi  olfac'tiis,  from 
oiT/if/,  '  odour,'  and  voco;,  '  a  disease.'  Diseases  of 
olfaction. 

OSAIONOSOLOG"IA,  from  oct//;;,  'odour,'  vo<to;, 
'  disease,'  and  'Xoyog,  '  description.'  The  doctrine 
of,  or  a  treatise  on,  the  diseases  of  the  sense  of 
smell. 

OSMORRHI'ZA  LONGIS'TYLIS,  5'7cee* 
C!e"eli/.  An  indigenous  plant,  Order  Umbelli- 
feraj,  which  flowers  in  May  and  June.  It  is  an 
agreeable  aromatic,  having  much  of  the  flavour 
•if  anise. 

OSMOZOME,  Osmazome. 
OSMUND.  ROYAL,  Osmunda  regalis. 
OSMUN'DA  CINNAMO'MEA,  Cinnamon 
Fern  iDdigcnous;  Order,  Filiees  ;  is  regarded 
to  be  demulcent,  subastringent,  and  tonic.  Boiled 
in  inillf,  it  yields  a  tine  mucilage,  which  is  useful 
in  'i:  .rrhcea. 


Osmun'da  Rega'lis,  Filix  Flor'ida,  Osmiind- 
royal.  This  plant  was  onco  thoughi  to  |!0sSeS9 
astringent  and  emmenagogue  virtues. 

OSdRON,  Opium. 

OSPIIRANTBRICUS,  Olfactory. 

OSPHRANTICOS,  Olfactory. 

OSPHRASIA,  Olfaction. 

OSPIIRESIOL'OGY,  Osphreeiolog"ia,  from 
oo^pnim,  'odour,'  and  Xoycg,  'a  discourse.'  A 
treatise  on  olfaction  and  odours. 

OSPHRESIS,  Olfaction. 

OSPHRETICUS,  Olfactory. 

OSPHRIS'TICE,  from  oaippvct;,  'olfaction. 
The  doctrine  of  the  phenomena  of  odours. 

OSPIIYALGEMA,  Cosalgia. 

OSPHYALGIA,  Coxalgia. 

OSPHYARTIIRITIS,  Osphyitis. 

OSPHYARTHROCACE,  Coxarum  morbus. 

OSPHYI'TIS,  Osphy'tis,  Osphijarthri'tis,  In. 
fiamma'tio  coxm,  from  oacpvg,  'the  hip,'  and  itis, 
denoting  inflammation.  Inflammation  of  the  parts 
about  the  hip. 

OSPHYRRHEUMA,  Lumbago. 

OSPHYS,  Haunch,  Lumbi. 

OSPHYTIS,  Osphyitis. 

OSSA  BREGMATIS,  Parietal  bones— o.  Con- 
voluta  inferiora,  Turbinated  bones,  inferior  —  o, 
Digitorum  manHs,  Phalanges  of  the  fingers  —  o. 
Digitorum  pedis,  Phalanges  of  the  toes— o.  Epac- 
talia,  Wormiana  ossa  —  o.  Maxillas  superioris 
quarta  seu  quinta  seu  secunda,  JNasal  bones  —  o. 
Nasalia,  Nasal  bones  —  o.  Nasi,  Nasal  bones  —  (.. 
Nervalia,  Parietal  bones — o.  Pisiformia  lingualia., 
see  Hyoides  os — o.  Raphogeminantia,  Wormiana 
ossa  —  o.  Sesamoidea,  Sesamoid  bones  —  o.  Sin- 
cipitis,  Parietal  bones — o.  Spongiosa,  Turbinated 
bones — o.  Suturarum,  Wormiana  ossa — o.  Tertia 
maxillaj  superioris.  Turbinated  bones  —  o.  Tetra- 
gona,  Parietal  bones — o.  Triangularia,  Sphenoidal 
cornua  —  o.  Triangularia  Blasii,  Wormiana  ossa 
—  o.  Triquetra,  Wormiana  ossa  —  o.  Turbinata, 
Turbinated  bones  —  o.  Verticalia,  Parietal  bones. 

OSSELETS  BE  L' OREILLE,  Ossicula  au- 
ditiis. 

OSSEOUS,  Os'seus,  Osto'des,  OstoVdes,  (F.) 
Osseux;  from  os,  '  a  bone.'  Bony.  Resembling 
bone. 

OSSICLE,  Ossiculum. 

OSSICULA,  see  Ossiculum. 

Ossic'uLA  Audi'tus,  Ossic'ula  Anris,  (F.)  Os~ 
selets  de  I'oreille,  0.  de  Vouie.  The  small  bones 
situate  in  the  cavity  of  the  tympanum,  and  form- 
ing an  uninterrupted  chain  from  the  membrane 
of  the  tympanum  to  that  of  the  fenestra  oralis. 
They  are  four  in  number;  and  their  series,  from 
without  to  within,  is  as  follows  :  Malleus,  Incus, 
Os  orbiculare.  Stapes. 

Ossicula  Bertini,  Sphenoidalia  cornua — o. 
Innominata,  Innominata  minora  ossa  —  o.  Nasi, 
Nasal  bones- — o.  Sesamoidea,  Sesamoid  bones. 

OSSICULUM,  (plural  Ossic'ula,)  Osta'rion, 
Os'sicle.  Diminutive  of  os,  'a  bone.'  A  small 
bone.     See  Os. 

Ossiculum  CocnLEAitE,  Orbicular  bone  —  o. 
Incudi  Comparatum,  Incus  —  o.  Malleolo  assi- 
milatum,  Malleus  —  o.  Molari  denti  comparatum. 
Incus  —  o.  Orbiculare,  Orbicular  bone  —  o.  Quar- 
tum,  Orbicular  bone  —  o.  Squamosum,  Orbicular 
bone. 

OSSIFICA'TION,  Os8?;/?crt'«?o,fromo»,  'a  bone,' 
and/actre,  'to  make.'  Osteor/en'ia,  Osteoqen'cnis, 
Osteo'sia,  Osto'sis.  Formation  of  bone.  Develop- 
ment, or  increase  of  the  osseous  system.  Ossifi- 
cation takes  place  in  the  same  manner  as  the 
nutrition  of  other  organs.  The  bones  are,  at 
first,  mucous,  and  afterwards  cartilaginous ;  the 
cartilage,  at  length,  receives  the  pho.sphate  of 
lime,  and  is,  at  the  same  time,   replaced   by  a 


OSSIPRAGA 


627 


OSTIUM 


e^W;inous  parenchyma,  when  the  hone  has  ac- 
qui.-ed  the  whole  of  its  development. 

C^siPicATiOJJ,  Points  op,  Puncta  seu  Nu'clei 
oftijicntio' Ill's,  Nu'clei  ossei,  are  the  points  where 
the  ossification  of  a  bone  commences,  whence  it 
extends  to  other  parts.  Almost  all  the  bones  pre- 
sent a  greater  or  less  number  of  points  of  ossifi- 
cation. Besides  the  natural  ossification,  which 
we  observe  in  the  foetus  and  in  the  first  periods 
of  life,  there  are  also  acciden'tal  ossifications, 
Bucb  as  those  frequently  remarked  after  the  in- 
flammation of  serous  membranes,  in  the  parietes 
of  arteries,  and  to  which  the  terms  Osthex'ia,  In- 
crusta'tioii  and  Petrifac'tion  have,  sometimes, 
been  applied. 

OSSIFRAGA.  Osteoeolla. 

OSSIS  SACRI  ACUMEN,  Coccyx. 

OSSISANA,  Osteoeolla. 

OSSIV'OROUS,  from  OS,  'a  bone,'  and  voro, 
'I  devour.'  A  species'  of  tumour,  mentioned  by 
Ruysch,  which  destroys  bone. 

OS'TAGRA,  Os'teagra,  from  oareov,  'a  bone,' 
and  aypa,  '  seizure.'  A  forceps  to  cut  or  remove 
portions  of  bone. 

OSTALGIA,  Osteocopus. 

OSTALGI'TIS,  Osti'tis,  Ostei'tis,  from  oartov, 
'a  bone,' and  if ('s.  Inflamma'tio  Ossis.  Inflam- 
mation of  bone;  characterized  by  violent  shooting 
and  lancinating  pains  in  the  bone. 

OSTARIUM,  Ossiculum. 

OSTARTHRITIS,  Arthrophlogosis. 

OSTARTHROCACE,  Spina  ventosa. 

OSTEAGRA,  Ostagra. 

OSTEALGIA,  Osteocopus. 

OSTEITES,  Osteoeolla. 

OSTEITIS,  Ostalgitis. 

OSTEMPYE'SIS.  Osteempye'sis,  0 stem pyo' sis, 
from  ocTtov,  '  a  bone,'  and  tfn^vriaii,  '  effusion  of 
pus.'    An  abscess  in  the  interior  of  a  bone. 

OSTEMPYOSIS,  Ostempyesis. 

OSTEOCE'LE,  from  oittcov,  'a bone,'  and  K77X7, 
'  a  tumour.'  A  hernia  in  which  the  sac  is  carti- 
laginous and  bony: — a  rare  case.  Also,  osseous 
induration  of  one  or  both  testicles. 

OSTEOCLASIS,  Fracture. 

OSTEOCOL'LA,  from  ocrreov,  'a,  bone,'  and 
(coXXa,  '  glue.'  Glue-bone,  Stone  or  Bone  binder, 
Ossif'raga,  Holos'teus,  Ossisa'na,  Ostri'tes,  Os- 
tei'tes,  Ainos'teus,  Osteol'ithos,  Stelochi'tes.  A 
name  given  to  petrified  carbonate  of  lime,  found 
in  some  parts  of  Germany  and  other  portions  of 
the  globe;  so  called,  because  it  has  been  sup- 
posed to  possess  the  power  of  favouring  the  for- 
mation of  callus  in  fractures.  It  is  the  Chaux 
carbonates  coneretionnee  inerv^tante  of  Haiiy. 
Not  used. 

OSTEOCOPUS,  Osteal'gia,  Ostal'gia,  Osteo- 
dyn'ia,  from  ocrtov,  '  a  bone,'  and  ko-os,  '  fatigue.' 
Boneach.     Pain  in  the  bones. 

OSTEODENTINE,  see  Tooth. 

OSTEODYNIA.  Osteocopus. 

OSTEOGANGRiENA,  Necrosis. 

OSTEOGENIA,  Ossification. 

OSTEOG'RAPHY,  Osteogra'phia,  from  oartov, 
*a  bone,'  and  y^at^uv,  'to  describe.'  Description 
of  the  bones.  The  part  of  anatomy  which  de- 
scribes the  bones. 

OSTEOLITHOS,  Osteoeolla. 

OSTEOL'OGY,  Osteolog"ia,  from  oarsov,  'a 
bone,'  and  \oyoi,  'a  discourse.'  The  part  of  ana- 
tomy which  treats  of  bones. 

OSTEOMA,  Exostosis. 

OSTEOMALACIA,  Mollities  ossium  — 0.  In- 
fantum, Rachitis. 

OSTEOMALACOSIS,  Mollities  ossium. 

OSTEON.  Bone  — o.  Hieron,  Sacrum. 

OSTEONABRO'SIS,  from  oanov,  'a  bone,' a. 


priv.,  and  Ppojcrig,  'nutriment.'    Atrophy  of  the 
osseous  texture  marked  by  diminutien  of  volume. 

OSTEON'CUS,  from  octeov,  '  a  bone,'  and  oyKos, 
'  a  tumour.'     A  bony  tumour. 

OSTEONECROSIS,  Necrosis. 

OSTEON'OSI,  Osteonu' si,  from  ocTtov,  'a  bone,' 
and  voo-o;, 'a  disease.'  dior'bi  os'sium.  Diseases 
of  the  bones. 

OSTEOPEDION,  Lithopsedion. 

OSTEOPALIN'CLASIS,  tromoartov,  'a bone,' 
TraAtv,  'again,'  andKAacri?,  'fracture.'  The  break- 
ing again  of  a  bone  which  has  united  unfavour- 
ably. 

OSTEOPHYMA,  Osteoneus. 

OSTEOPII'Y'TA,  Os'teo2}hyfe,  Exosto'sls.  Un- 
der this  name,  Rokitausky,  of  Vienna,  describes 
a  deposition  of  bony  matter,  fovmd  by  him  on  the 
inner  surface  of  the  parietes  of  the  skull  of  preg- 
nant women. 

OSTEOPLEU'RA,  Pleurosto'sis,  from  oarcov, 
'a  bone,'  and  i:\evpov,  'a  rib.'  Ossification  of  the 
cartilages  of  the  ribs. 

OSTEOPORO'SIS,  Osteosclero'sis,  from  oarcov, 
'a  bone,'  and  irwpuia-is,  '  indviration,'  Induration 
of  a  bone,  from  the  deposition  of  too  much  bony 
matter. 

OSTEOPSATHYROSIS,  FragUitas  ossium. 

OSTEO-SARCO'MA,  Osteo-sarco'sis,  Sarcosto'- 
sis,  Hmmatexosto'sis,  from  oareov,  'bone,'  and  capl, 
'  flesh.'  Disease  of  the  bony  tissue,  which  con- 
sists in  softening  of  its  lamina?,  and  their  trans- 
formation into  a  fleshy  substance,  analogous  to 
that  of  cancer;  accompanied  with  general  symp- 
toms of  cancerous  afi'ection.  The  word  has  of- 
ten, also,  been  used  synonymously  with  spina 
ventosa. 

OSTEOSARCOSIS,  Osteosarcoma. 

OSTEOSCLEROSIS,  Osteoporosis. 

OSTEOSIS,  Ossification. 

OSTEO-STEATO'MA,  Exosto'sis  steatomato' - 
des,  from  ocmov  '  a  bone,'  and  areap,  '  suet  or  fat.' 
A  name  given  to  bony  tumours  or  degenerations, 
which  sometimes  belong  to  osteo-sarcoma;  at 
others,  to  spina  ventosa,  exostosis,  &c. 

OSTEOT'OMIST,  Osteotomis'ta.  Same  etymon 
as  the  next.  An  instrument,  invented  by  Dr.  D, 
Davis,  for  cutting  the  bones  of  the  foetal  cranium, 
where  it  becomes  necessary  to  greatly  reduce  the 
size  of  the  head  in  parturition. 

OSTEOT'OMY,  Osteotom'ia,  from  oareov,  'a 
bone,'  and  TZfivziv,  'to  cut.'  The  part  of  practical 
anatomy  whose  obiect  is  the  dissection  of  bones. 

OSTEOTOPHUS,  Tophus. 

OSTEOTYLUS,  Callus. 

OSTEULCUM,  Bone-nippers. 

OSTEUM,  Bone. 

OSTHEXIA.  see  Ossification. 

OSTIA  ATRIO-VENTRICULARIA,  see  Os- 
tium. 

OSTIARIUS,  Pylorus. 

OSTIOLUM,  from  oarzov,  'a  mouth  or  open- 
ing.'    A  small  door  or  gate. 

OsTiOLA  Cordis,  Val'vtdcB  co'rdis,  Pellic'ula 
cordis.     The  valves  of  the  heart. 

OSTITIS,  Ostalgitis. 

OS'TIUM,  Orific"inm,  a  door  or  gate, — of  the 
heart,  for  example.  The  opening — Os'tia  atrio- 
ventricula' ria — between  the  auricle  and  ventricle 
of  each  side  ;  Os'titini  veno'sum,  that  of  the  right 
side  ;  Os'tium  arterio' sum,  that  of  the  left. 

Ostium  Abdojiinale,  see  Tube,  Fallopian  —  o 
Internum,  see  Ostium  uteri. 

Ostium  U'teri.  The  rulva;  the  vagina.  The 
term  Os'tium  inter'nnm  has  been  applied  to  the 
inferior  opening  of  the  uterus,  which  establishes 
a  free  communication  between  the  cavities  oi  the 


OSTODES 


628 


OTOSCOPIUM 


body  and  neck,  and  which  is  often  ohlitevated  in 
old  women. —  Cruveilheir.  The  neck  of  the  ute- 
rus ;  the  mouth  of  the  uterus. 

OsTiu5f  Uterinum,  see  Tube,  Fallopian — o. 
Ventriculi  Duodenale  seu  Pyloricum  seu  Dex- 
U'um  seu  Inferius,  Pylorus. 

OSTODES,  Bony. 

OSTOIDEA  SUBSTAjS^TIA,  see  Tooth. 

OSTOIDES,  Bony. 

05T0MA,  Exostosis. 

OSTOSIS,  Ossification. 

OS'TREA,  Os'treum,  (F.)  Hmtre.  The  oyster. 
The  oyster  is  a  wholesome  article  of  diet,  often 
advised  as  analeptic  and  easy  of  digestion. 

The^shells,  Testes  Os'trea,  Testa  (Ph.  U.  S.), 
(F.)  Ecailles  d'huitres,  have  been  received  into 
the  Pharmacopceias,  and  used  medicinally.  Their 
virtues  are  similar  to  those  of  the  carbonate  of 
lime.     See  Creta. 

OSTPuEUM,  Ostrea. 

OSTRITES,  0?teocolla. 

OSTRUTHIUM,  Imperatoria. 

OSYRIS,  Antirhinum  linaria. 

OTACOUS'TIC,  Otacoits'ticus  ;  from  on?,  utoj, 
'the  ear,'  and  ukovoj,  'I  listen.'  Any  instrument 
io  so  called  which  improves  the  sense  of  hearing, 
— as  the  different  species  of  trumpets. 

OTAGRA,  Otalgia. 

OTAL'GIA,  Ot'agi-a,  Otod'yne,  Otal'gy,  from 
ous,  (ji-os,  '  the  ear,'  and  oKyos, '  pain.'  Pain  in  the 
ear;  Dolor  au'i-ium,  Sjias'mua  au'rium,  Ear-ache. 
See  Otitis. 

OTAL'GIC,  Otal'fjicus.  An  epithet  for  reme- 
dies used  in  otalgia. 

OTECHUS,  Tinnitus  aurium. 

OTEMPLAS'TRUM,  Otoplas'ta,  Otnplas'trum, 
from  oirf,  '  the  ear,'  and  inzXaaTpov,  '  a  jjlaster.'  A 
jilaster  put  behind  the  ears. 

OTEN'CHYTES,  Otenchyta,  from  ouj,  wto?, 
'the  ear,'  tv,  'into,'  and  x*"^'  '-"■  pour.'  Sipho 
auricula' ris.  A  species  of  syringe,  used  for  in- 
jecting the  ear. 

OTHELCO'SIS,  from  ouj,  wroi,  'the  ear,'  and 
'cXxwo-ij,  '  ulceration.'  Ulceration  or  suppuration 
of  the  ear. 

OTHONE,  Linteum. 

OTHOXION,  Linteum. 

OTHYGROTES,  Otirrhoea. 

OTIATER,  Aurist. 

QTIATRI'A,  Otiat'riee,  from  ozij,  uroj,  'the 
ear,'  and  larpzia, '  medicine.'  The  business  of  the 
aurist.  The  management  of  diseases  of  the  ear. 
Aural  Medicine  and  Surgery,  Ear  Surgery. 

OTIATRICE,  Otiatria. 

OTIATRUS,  Aurist. 

O'TIC,  O'ticKs,  from  ov;,  wtoc,  '  the  ear.'  Be- 
longing or  relating  to  the  ear.  A  medicine  em- 
ployed in  diseases  of  the  ear. 

Otic  Ganglion,  Otogan'glium,  Gavg'lion  aiiri- 
cula're,  Ganglion  o'ticura,  Auric'ular  ganglion, 
Ganglion  of  Arnold,  (F.)  Ganglion  maxillo-tym- 
panique.  This  is  a  small  ganglion,  although  more 
than  double  the  size  of  the  ophthalmic,  ash-co- 
loured and  pulpy  like  the  ganglions  of  the  sym- 
pathetic. It  is  situate  in  advance  of  the  gan- 
glion of  Gasser,  on  the  lower  surface  of  the  infe- 
rior maxillary  nerve,  at  the  inner  margin  of  the 
foramen  ovale  of  the  sphenoid  bone.  See  Pe- 
trous ganglion. 

OTIRRHCE'A,  Otorrhcs'a,  Othy'grofes,  Blenno- 
torrhoe'a,  (F.)  Oatarrhe  de  I' Oreille,  from  ovg,  'the 
car,'  and  ptui,  '  I  flow.'  Discharge  of  a  purulent  or 
puriform  liquid,  from  the  meatus  auditorius  ester- 
nus,  Pyorrhije'a  an'riiim,  Otopyorrhce'a,  Pya-otor- 
rhce'a,  Olorrhoe'a  purulen'ta.  It  is  a  symptom  of 
chronic  otitis.  Some  authors  have,  indeed,  used 
the  t-irm  synonymously  with  chronic  otitis.  When 


it  extends  to  the  brain,  it  is  termed  cer'ehral  otor- 
rhce'a;  and  when  from  the  middle  or  internal 
ear,  it  is  termed  internal  otorrhoea,  Otorrhoe'a 
inter'na,  and  Entotorrhoe'a. 

Otirrhcea,  Cerebral,  see  Otirrhcea. 
OTITES,  see  Digitus. 

OTI'TIS,  OtojMeg'mone,  Empires'  ma  otitis, 
Injiamma'tio  auris,  Inflammation  of  the  ear,  (F.) 
Inflammation  de  I'oreille.  Inflammation  of  the 
mucous  membrane  of  the  ear,  characterized  by 
excruciating  pain ;  intolerable  humming  in  the 
ear,  with  a  discharge  of  mucus  generally  from 
the  meatus  externus  or  from  the  Eustachian 
tube.  "When  the  inflammation  is  restricted  to 
the  lining  membrane  of  the  meatus,  it  is  termed 
otitis  eatarrha'lis.  Otitis  is  divided  into  external 
and  internal,  according  as  it  afieets  the  meatus  au- 
ditorius, or  the  cavity  of  the  tympanum  or  inter- 
nal ear.  It  may  be  acute  or  chronic.  Acute  otitis 
commonly  terminates  in  a  few  days  in  a  favour- 
able manner,  with  the  aid  of  antipihlogistics. 
Chronic  otitis,  otirrhce'a,  is  almost  always  accom- 
panied by  a  purulent  discharge  from  the  meatus 
auditorius.  It  is  often  incurable,  and  may  ulti- 
mately give  occasion  to  disease  of  the  internal 
ear,  and  even  of  the  brain. 

Otitis  Catarrhalis,  jee  Otitis. 

O'TIUM,  Ota'riiim,  from  ovs,  ojto;,  'the  ear.' 
A  small  ear.     The  auricle  or  pavilion  of  the  ear. 

OTOCEPH'ALUS,  Ilono'tia,  from  ovi,  u>to;, 
'the  ear,'  and  Kcfakri,  'head.'  A  monster,  whose 
ears  are  in  contact,  or  united  into  one. 

OTOCONIES,  see  Otolilhi. 

OTODYNE,  Otalgia. 

0T06LYPHIS,  Earpick. 

OTOGLYPHUM,  Earpick. 

OTOG'RAPHY,  Otogra'phia,  from  on?,  wrog, 
'the  ear,' and  ypaipn,  'a  description.'  The  part 
of  anatomy  which  describes  the  ear. 

OT'OLITHS,  Otol'ithi,{'E.)  Otolithes,  from  on?, 
uroj,  'the  ear,  and  Ai0oy,  'a  stone.'  White  cal- 
careous substances  contained  in  the  membranous 
vestibule,  and  seeming  to  be  suspended  in  the 
fluid  of  the  vestibule  by  means  of  a  number  of 
nervous  filaments  proceeding  from  the  auditory 
nerve.  Their  universal  presence  in  the  ear  of 
the  mammalia  would  seem  to  show  that  they  are 
inservient  to  audition.  When  of  a  looser  con- 
sistence, they  are  called  Otocon'ia,  (Y.)  Otoconies, 
from  ovg,  '  the  ear,'  and  Kovia,  '  dust.' 

OTOL'OGY,  Otolog"ia,  from  ovg,  urog,  'the 
ear,'  and  '\oyog,  'a  discourse.'  The  part  of  ana- 
tomy which  treats  of  the  ear.  An  anatomical 
treatise  on  the  ear. 

OTOPATHEMA,  Otopathy. 

OTOP'ATIIY,  Otojmthi'a,  Otopathe'ma,  from 
ovg,  u)ro;,  'the  ear,'  and  TzaQog,  'a  disease.'  A  dis- 
eased condition  of  the  car. 

OTOPHLEGMONE,  Otitis. 

OTOPLASTA,  Otemplastrum. 

OTOPLAS'TICE,  from  ovg,  wrog,  'the  ear,'  and 
rXao-riKOf,  'forming.'  The  operation  for  restoring 
a  lost  ear. 

OTOPLASTRUM,  Otemplastrum. 

OTOPYORRIKEA,  Otirrhoea. 

OTORRnAG"IA,-  from  ovg,  urog,  'the  ear,' 
and  payi?,  'ruijture.'  Bleeding  from  the  car  or 
ears. 

OTOT.RHEUMATIS'MUS,from  ovg,o,rog,  'the 
ear,  and  pevjiaTiajiog,  'rheumatism;'  Olal'gia 
rhciimnt'ico.     Rheumatic  ear-ache. 

OTORRHCEA,  Otirrhoea— 0.  Cerebral,  see  Otir- 
rhoea — o.  Interna,  see  Otirrhoea — o.  Purulenta, 
Otirrhcea. 

OTOSCOP'IUM,  from  ovg,  <arog,  'the  ear,'  and 
aKort],  'examination.'  An  instrument  for  exami- 
ning the  condition  of  the  external  ear. 


OTOTOMY 


629 


OVUM 


OTOT'OMT,    Ofotom'ia,   from   ou?,   wto;,  'the  i 
ear/  and  m^ivuv,  'to  cut.'     The  part  of  practical 
anatomy  which  teaches  the  mode  of  dissecting 
and  preparing  the  ear. 

OULA,  G-ingivje. 

OULE,  Cicatrix. 

OUNCE,  Un'cia.  A  Tfveight  equal  to  the  16th 
part  of  a  pound  avoirdupois,  the  12th  of  a  pound 
troy.  It  is  composed  of  8  drachms.  See  "Weights 
and  Measures. 

OURAQUE,  Urachus. 

OURARY,  Curare. 

OUREMA,  Urine. 

OURLES,  Parotis,  Cynanche  parotidsea. 

OURON,  Urine. 

OUS,  Ear. 

0  UTRE  MER,  Lapis  lazuli. 

OUVERTURE  GAJDAVERTQ UE,  Autoj^sia. 
cadaveric  a. 

OVA  GRAAFIAN  A,  FoUieuli  Graafiani  — o. 
Nabothi,  Nabothi  glandulse. 

OVAL,  Ova'Us,  Oo'des,  Ooi'des,  Ova'tus,  from 
ovum,  'an  egg.'  Egg-shaped;  elliptic.  That 
which  is  round  and  oblong  like  an  egg. 

Ovale  FoRA'JiEJf,  Foramen  oo' des,  (F.)  Trou 
ovale.  The  foramen  obturatorium ;  also,  the  fo- 
ramen in  the  inner  paries  of  the  middle  ear,  which 
opens  into  the  vestibule ;  the  foramen  in  the 
sphenoid  bone,  through  which  the  third  branch 
of  the  fifth  pair  issues  from  the  cranium  ,:  and  the 
aperture,  in  the  fostus,  between  the  auricles  of 
the  heart.     See  Botal  Foramen. 

OvALis  Fossa,  Val'vida  seu  Vestig''ium  Fo- 
ram'inis  ovalis,  is  a  depression  observed  in  the 
right  auricle  of  the  heart,  on  the  septum,  which 
separates  it  from  the  left  auricle.  It  has  thick 
and  strong  edges,  at  its  upper  and  fore  part, 
called  Cohim'iKs  foram'inis  ova'lis,  Isthmus  seu 
An'nulus  Vleusse'nii  seu  An'mdus  fossm  ovalis: 
in  the  fcetus  called  An'nulus  foram'inis  vel  fossa 
ova'lis.  The  fossa  ovalis,  in  the  adult,  replaces 
the  inter-auricular  aperture  in  the  septum  auricu- 
larum  of  the  foetus. 

OVA'RIAN,  Oca'rial,  Ovaria'nus,  from  ova- 
rium, oiapiov,  '  the  ovary.'  Relating  to  the  ovary 
— as  Ovarian  pregnancy. 

Ovarian  Artery,  Spermatic  artery — o.  Nerves, 
Spermatic  j^lexus  of  nerves  —  o.  Pregnancj',  see 
Pregnancy,  ovarian — -o.  Veins,  Spermatic  veins — 
0.  Vesicles,  Folliculi  Graafiani. 

OVARIOTOMY,  Oariotomy. 

O'VARISTS,  Ovists.  Same  etymon  as  Ovarian. 
Those  physiologists  who  think  that  the  phenomena 
of  genea'atiou,  in  the  human  species  and  in  every 
species  of  animal,  result  from  the  development 
of  the  ova  or  ovula  of  the  female,  merely  incited 
by  the  male.  Not  many  of  the  physiologists  of 
the  present  day  can  be  classed  among  the 
ovarists. 

OVARITIS,  Oaritis. 

OVA'RIUM.  Same  etymon.  The  O'vary, 
Testis  mulie'bris,  T.  femineus,  Oa'rion,  Ooi^h'o- 
ron,  Gynoa' ritim,  Yesiea'rimn,  (F.)  Ovaire.  The 
ovaries  are  the  organs  in  which  the  ova  are 
formed  in  oviparous  animals.  By  analogy,  the 
name  has  been  given  to  the  organs  which  the 
ancients  called  the  testicles  of  the  female.  They 
are  two  ovoid  bodies,  almost  as  large  as  the  testi- 
cles in  men,  placed  on  each  side  of  the  uterus, 
between  the  Fallopian  tube  and  round  ligament, 
and  in  the  substance  of  the  broad  ligament. 
Their  outer  extremity  gives  attachment  to  one  of 
the  projections  of  the  fimbriated  extremity  of  the 
Fallopian  tube ;  and  the  internal  is  fixed  to  the 
uterus  by  a  small  ligamentous  cord,  called  Liga- 
meii'tum  rotun'dum  ova'rii,  Lig' anient  of  the  O'va- 
ry.    The  ovaries  are  composed  of  a  very  close, 


spongy  texture — stroma, — and  of  small  vesicles— 
Follic'uU  Graafiani,  —  filled  with  a  clear  fluid  : 
these  vesicles  contain  ovules,  which  detach  them- 
selves from  the  ovarium  before  and  after  fecun- 
dation, and  are  carried  into  the  cavity  of  the  ute- 
rus by  the  Fallopian  tube. 

Ovarium  Tumiduji,  Oarioncus  —  o.  Nabothi, 
Nabothi  glandulse. 

OVATUS.  Oval. 

OVER-EATING,  COLIC  FROM,  Colica  cra- 
pulosa. 

OVERO  BUTUA,  Pareira  brava. 

OVICAPSULE,  see  Folliculi  Graafiani. 

OVIDUCTUS  MULIEBRIS,TubaFallopiana. 

OVIG"EROUS,  O'viger,  Ovig"erus;  from 
ovum,  '  an  egg,'  and  gero,  '  I  bear.'  Containing 
or  producing  ova  or  eggs. 

0  YIPARITE,  see  Oviparous. 

OVIP'AROUS,  Oviij'arus ;  from  ovum,  'an 
egg,'  andpari'o,  '  I  bring  forth.'  An  epithet  ap- 
plied to  animals  which  are  hatched  from  eggs 
outside  of  the  body.  The  condition  may  be 
termed  Ovip'arousness,  (F.)  Oviparite.  See  Ge- 
neration. 

OVIPAROUSNESS,  see  Oviparous. 

OVISAC,  see  Folliculi  Gi-aafiani — o.  Tunic  of 
the,  see  Folliculi  Graafiani. 

OVISTS,  Ovarists. 

OVOLOGY,  Oologia. 

OVO-VIVIP'AROUS,  from  ovu7n,  'an  egg,' 
vivus,  'living,'  and  pario,  'I  bring  forth.'  Ovi- 
parous animals,  whose  ova  are  hatched  within  the 
mother, — vipers,  for  example.     See  Generation. 

OVULA  GRAAFIANA,  Folliculi  Graafiani— 
0.  Nabothi,  Nabothi  glandulse. 

OVULA'TIONj  from  ovidum,  diminutive  of 
ovum,  '  an  egg.'  The  formation  of  ova  in  the 
ovary,  and  the  discharge  of  the  same. 

Spontaneous  Ovulation,  (F.)  Ovulation  spon- 
tanee,  is  the  spontaneous  formation  and  discharge 
of  ova  which  takes  place  in  the  female  of  tho 
mammalia.     See  Heat. 

OVULINE,  Decidua  reflexa. 

O'VULUM,  O'vule ;  diminutive  of  ovum,  'an 
egg.'  A  small  egg.  That  which  has  the  appear- 
ance of  a  small  egg.     See  Ovum. 

OVUM,  aov,  Con,  an  egg.  The  eggs  of  poultry 
are  chiefly  used  as  food.  The  difi'erent  parts  are, 
likewise,  employed  in  medicine.  The  shell,  Au- 
ran'cum,  Auran'tum,  (F.)  Coque  d'oevf,  Coquille 
d'ceuf,  calcined,  is  esteemed  an  absorbent.  The 
Oil  of  the  egg  is  emollient,  and  is  used,  exter- 
nally, to  burns  and  chaps.  The  Yvlk  or  Yelk 
of  the  egg — ]  itel'ium  seu  Yitel'lus  ovi — renders 
oUs,  &c.,  miscible  with  water.  Eggs,  when  light 
boiled,  are  easy  of  digestion ;  but,  when  very 
hard-boiled  or  fried,  they  are  more  rebellious. 

Egg  brandy  is  made  bj''  taking  of  Brandy  f  §iv ; 
Cinnamon  water,  f^iv';  the  yolks  of  two  eggs ; 
Sugar,  gss;  and  Oil  of  cinnamon,  gtt.  ij.  Mix 
the  yolks  of  the  eggs  first  with  the  water,  the  oil 
and  the  sugar,  stirring  constantly.  Then  add  the 
brandy  little  and  little,  until  a  smooth  fluid  is 
formed.  It  is  an  agreeable  mode  of  giving  brandy 
in  adynamic  states. 

In  Pharmacy,  white  of  egg,  which  consisli 
chiefly  of  albumen,  is  used  for  clarifying  S3'rups, 
&c.  Yolk  of  egg,  (F.)  Jaune  d'ceuf,  beaten  up 
with  warm  water  and  sugar,  and  ".romatizcd  viiXh. 
orange-flower  water,  forms  an  emulsion,  which  is 
emollient,  and  known  under  the  name  Lait  de 
poule  or  chicken's  milk. 

Anatomists  give  the  name  Ova,  O'vula,  O'vules, 
(F.)  GEufs,  to  round  vesicles,  containing  a  humour 
similar  to  the  yolk  of  egg,  which  are  situate  it, 
the  ovaries  of  the  female,  and,  when  fecundated. 


OXALAS 


630 


OXYGEN 


constitute  the  rudiments  of  the  foetus.  During 
gestation,  the  embi-yo  and  its  enveloping  mem- 
branes retain  the  name  Ooum,  (F.)  (Euf.  The 
changes  induced  in  the  mammalia  after  impreg- 
nation greatly  resemble  those  in  the  bird. 

Ovum,  Testicle — o.  Hystericum,  see  Clavus 
hystericus. 

OXALAS  SUBPOTASSICUS,  Potass,  oxalate 
of. 

OXALAT'IC,  Oxalat'icus.  Relating  to  oxa- 
lates: hence  Oxulat'ic  or  Oxalic  acid  jDiath'esis 
is  the  habit  of  body  which  favours  the  formation 
and  deposition  of  oxalates  from  the  urine. 

OXAL'IC  ACID,  Acidnm  oxali'num,  A.  sae- 
--hari'num,  A.  hydro-carhon'icum,  A.  acetosel'l(B, 
A.  oxal'icum,  Acidiun  sac'chari,  Acid  of  svgar, 
Acid  of  sorrel,  Car'honous  acuZ,  from  ofaXiy,  'sor- 
rel.' An  acid  found  in  sorrel.  It  crystallizes  in 
long,  colourless,  quadrangular  prisms,  and  is  ge- 
nerally found,  in  nature,  united  with  lime  or  po- 
tassa.  It  has  been  proposed,  in  a  diluted  state, 
as  a  refrigerant,  but  it  is  unnecessary;  and,  be- 
sides, in  quantity,  it  is  a  virulently  acrid  poison. 
It  is  largely  employed  for  cleaning  boot-tops; 
and,  as  it  strongly  resembles  the  sulphate  of 
magnesia,  has  often  been  taken  for  it.  Several 
fatal  cases  are,  indeed,  on  record.  For  its  anti- 
dotes, <fcc.,  see  Poison. 

OXALIC  ACID  DIATHESIS,  see  Oxalatic, 
OXALIDE,  Oxalis  acetosella. 
OXALIS  ACETOSA,  Rumex  acetosa. 
Ox'alis   Acetosel'la.      0.  America'na,  Oxys 
alba.     The  systematic  name  of  the  Woodsorrel, 
Cuckowhread,  Sour  Trefoil,  White  sorrel.  Moun- 
tain Sorrel,  Trifo'lium  aceto'sum,  OxitriphyVlum, 
Lxijula,  Allelu'ja,  Acetosel'la,  Oxyphyl'lon,  Oxy- 
triphyl'lon,  Panis  cu'culi,   (F.)  Surelle,  Oxalide, 
Pain  a  Coucou,  Alleluia.    Family,  Geraniae.    Sex. 
Syst.   Decandria  Deeagynia.     This  plant  has  a 
gratefully  acid  taste,  and  is  used  in  salads.     It 
has  been  esteemed  refrigerant,  antiscorbutic,  and 
diuretic. 

Oxalis  Americana,  0.  acetosella. 
Oxalis   Tdbeeo'sa,   Oca.     A  tuberous  plant, 
whose  oval-shaped  root  is  used  as  food  by  the 
Peruvians.     It  is  watery,  has  a  sweetish  taste, 
and  is  much  liked. 

OXALIUM,  Potass,  oxalate  of. 
OXAL'ME,  from  o^vs,  '  acid,'  and  'aXs,  '  salt.' 
A  mixture  of  vinegar  and  salt. 
OXALU'RIA,  Urine,  oxalic. 
OXEL^'ON,  from  ofws,  'acid,' and  EXator,  'oil.' 
A  mixture  of  vinegar  and  oil,  used  as  a  condi- 
ment. 

OX  EYE,  Helenium  autumnale — o.  Gall,  Bile 
of  the  ox. 

OXIGEDBE,  Juniperus  oxycedrus. 
OXID,  Oxyd. 
OXIDATION,  Oxydation. 
OXIDE,  Oxyd. 

OXIDtJM,  Oxyd,  see  Oxydum. 
OXI'NES,    o^ivrii,    {oivog,)    from    ofuy,    'acid.' 
Wine  already  sour,  but  not  yet  vinegar. 
OXITRlPHYLLUM,  Oxalis  acetosella. 
OXODES,  Acidulous. 
OXOIDES,  Acidulous. 
OXOS,  Aceticum  acidum. 
OXYA,  Fagus  sylvatica. 
OXYiESTHESIA,  Hypersesthesis. 
OXYAPHE,  Hyperaphia. 
OXYAPHIA,  Hyperaphia. 
OXYBAPIIION,  see  Acetabulum. 
OXYBOL'IA,    from    ofus,    'quick,'    and  /JoXi?, 
ejection.'     Too  rapid  emission  of  sperm. 
OXYCANTHA,  Mespilus  oxyacantha. 
Oxycan'tha  Gale'ni,  Ber'beris,  Ber'heris  vid- 
ga'rif,  Smna  jbo'Hda,  Crespi'nus,  (F.)  JEpine  vi- 


nette,  Vinettier.  Family,  Berberideee.  Sex.  Syst. 
HexandriaMonogynia.  The  Barberry.  The  fruit 
of  the  berries.  Barberries,  Pipperidyes,  is  grate- 
fully acid,  and  moderately  astringent.  By  pre- 
paring an  alcoholic  extract  of  the  root  and  adding  , 
water  to  it,  a  pulverulent  brown  substance  is 
thrown  down,  which,  when  dissolved  in  alcohol 
and  evaporated,  yields  the  bitter  principle,  Ber- 
beriii,  which  is  an  excellent  stomachic  in  the  dose 
of  2,  5,  or  10  grains. 

The  American  Barberry,  Bar'beris  Canaden'- 
sis,  Pipperidge  Bush,  Sowben-y,  diH'ers  .«lightlj 
from  the  European.  It  flourishes  on  m-^untains 
and  hilly  districts  from  Canada  to  Virginia. 
OXYCFDKJE,  Juniperus  oxycedrus. 
OXYCOCCOS,  Vaccinium  oxycoccos  —  o.  Pa< 
lustris,  Vaccinium  oxycoccos. 

OX'YCRATE,  Oxycra'tum,  from  ofus,  'acid,' 
and  Kpaw,  'I  mix;'  Posca,  Phusca.  A  mixture 
of  vinegar  and  water ;  frequently  used  in  medi- 
cine as  a  refrigerant  and  antiseptic. 

OXYCRO'CEUM  EMPLASTRUM,  from  o^v;, 
'  acid,'  and  K-po^of,  '  saffron.'  A  plaster,  composed 
of  saffron,  pitch,  colopjhony,  yellow  wax,  turpen- 
tine, galbanum,  gum  ammoniac,  myrrh,  olibainim, 
and  mastic.  It  was  employed  as  a  strengthening 
plaster. 

OXYCUM,  Oxygen. 

OXYD,  Oxid,  Oxide,  Oxyde,  Ox'ydum,  Ox'- 
idum,  from  ofus,  'acid.'  A  combination,  not 
acid,  of  a  simple  body  with  oxygen. 

OXY'DA'TION,    Oxyda'tio,    Oxida'tion,   Oxy- 
genation.    The  action  of  oxydizing  a  body;  that 
is,  of  combining  it  with  oxygen ;  a  combination 
from  which  results  an  oxyd. 
OXYDE,-Oxyd. 

Oxyde,  Cystic.  A  species  of  urinary  calculus, 
having  the  shape  of  confused,  yellowish,  semi- 
transparent,  insipid,  very  hard  crystals.  When 
distilled,  it  furnishes  subcarbonate  of  ammonia, 
like  all  nitrogenized  matters.  It  dissolves  in  the 
nitric,  sulphuric,  phosphoric,  and  oxalic  acids. 

OXYDE  D'ANTHIOINE  SULFUBE,  Oxy- 
dum stibii  sulphuratum. 

OXYDER'CIA,  Oxydor'cia,  Visus  a'eies,  from 
o|uj,  '  quick,'  and  icpKeaOat,  '  to  see.'  Sharpness 
of  vision. 

OXYDER'CICUS,  Oxyder'ces,  from  o|dj, 
'sharp,'  and  ^tpKio,  'I  see.'  A  medicine  which 
sharpens  the  sight. 

OXYDORCIA,  Oxydercia. 
OXYDUM,  Oxid — o.  Antimonii  cum  phosphate 
calcis,  Antimonial  powder. 

OxYDUM  Ferri  Nigrum,  Ferri  ox'idvm  ni- 
grum. Black  oxyd  of  iron.  The  scales,  which  fall 
from  iron,  when  heated,  consist  of  iron,  combined 
with  oxygen.  They  have  been  used  like  the  cha- 
lybeates  in  general. 

OxYDUM  Ferrictjm  Crystallizatum  Nati- 
VUM,  Haematites — o.  Hydrargyri  completum,  Hy- 
drargyri  nitrico-oxydum — o.  Hydrargyricum,  Hy- 
drargyri nitrico-oxy dum — o.  Hydrargyricum  prse- 
paratum,  Hj'drargyri  oxydum  cinereum — o.  Hy- 
drargyrosum,  Hydrargyri  oxydum  cinereum. 

OxYDDM   Stibii   Sulphura'tum,   Hcjmr  anti- 
mo'nii,    Cro'cus   vietallo'rum,    Crocus    untimo'nii, 
(F.)    Oxyde    d'antimoine     sulfure,    Foie    d'Anti- 
moine.     This  was  formerly  exhibited  in  the  cure 
of  fevers,  but  it  is  now  rarely  employed. 
OXYDUM  URICUM,  Uric  oxide. 
OXYECOIA,  Hyperacusis. 
OXYG'ALA,  from  o^uf,  'sour,'  and  ya\a,  'milk.' 
Sour  milk.     The  Oxygala  equi'num,  C'aracos'mos, 
is  reckoned  amongst  the  delicacies  of  the  Tartars. 
OXYG'ARON,  from    ofuf,    'acid,'    and   y"?"^} 
'garum.'     A  composition  of  garum  and  vinegar. 
OX'YGEN,  Oxygen  inm,  E)n})y'real  air,  Purt 


OXYGENATION 


fiSl 


OZONE 


nlr,  Vital  air,  Dephlogis'ticated  air,  Oxyg"enes, 
Ox'yciim,  Princij^iutn  oxy(j"ena'ns  seu  o.ri/genet'- 
icuin  seu.  acid'ijlcans  seu  ac"idum,  Elemeii'tum 
acidif  iciini,  (F.)  Oxi/geiie,  Air  dufeii;  from  o^uf, 
'acid,'  aud  yuvoixai,  'I  engender,'  that  is,  gene- 
rator of  acids;  and  such  it  was  believed  to  be, 
exclusively,  at  the  period  when  the  name  was 
given  to  it.  This  is  now  known  not  to  be  the 
cas^.  Oxygen  is  largely  distributed  in  nature. 
It  exists  iu  the  air,  in  water,  in  several  acids,  in 
all  the  oxyds,  and  in  vegetable  and  animal  sub- 
stances, &c.  It  is  obtained  by  decomposing  the 
peroxyd  of  manganese  or  the  chlorate  of  potassa 
by  heat  in  close  vessels.  Although  oxygen,  in 
the  state  of  admixture  in  which  it  is  found  in  the 
atmosphere,  is  of  vital  importance,  it  cannot  be 
respired  in  a  pure  state  with  impunity.  Animals 
die  in  it  long  before  the  whole  of  the  oxygen  is 
consumed.  The  properties  of  oxygen  seem  to  be 
stimulant.  It  increases  the  force  and  velocity  of 
the  pulse,  and  has,  accordingly,  been  used  in 
cases  of  chronic  debility,  chlorosis,  asthma,  scro- 
fula, dropsy,  paralysis,  &e.  It  requires  to  be  diluted 
witli  from  10  to  20  parts  of  atmospheric  air;  one 
to  two  quarts  being  given  during  the  day. 
OXYGENATION,  Oxydation. 
OXYGSNE,  Oxygen. 

OXYGENESES.  A  name  given  by  Baumes 
to  diseases  which  he  attributed  to  disordered  ox- 
ygenation. 

OXYGEUSIA,  Hypergeustia. 
OXYG'LICUS,  Oxyg'liees,  from  ofuf,  'acid,' 
and  y\vKvs,  'sweet;'  JIulsa  acida,  Ace'tuni  mtd- 
siim  dulce.  Prepared  by  macerating  and  boiling 
honey-comb  (from  which  the  greater  part  of  the 
honey  has  been  taken)  in  water,  and  adding  vine- 
gar.    An  O.rymel. 

OXYLAPATHUM,  Rumex  acutus. 
OX'YMEL,  Aijom'eli,  Mel  aceta'tum,  from  o^vg, 
'acid,'  and  /jeXi,  'honey.'     Honey  and  vinegar 
boiled  to  a  sj'rupy  consistence. 

OxYMEL  ^RUGiNis,  Linimentum  ^ruginis. 
OxYMEL  Col'chici,  Oxymel  of  meadoio  saffron, 
(F.)  Oxymel  colchiqiie.  (Bad.  colch.  recent,  in 
laminas  teniies  seetcB  3J,  aceii  destillati  Ibj,  mellis 
deapumat.  pond.  Ibij.  Macerate  in  a  gentle  heat 
for  48  hours.  Press  and  boil  the  liquor  with  the 
honey  to  the  thickness  of  a  syrup ;  stirring  with 
a  wooden  spoon.  Ph.  D.)  It  is  expectorant  and 
diuretic.     Dose,  f^j,  in  gruel. 

0XY3IEL  COLCHIQUE,  0.  colchici— o.  of 
Meadow  saffron,  0.  colchici. 

OxYifEL  ScilLjE,  Oxymel  of  squills,  3fel  scillce, 
Oxymel  scillit'icum.  (Mellis.  des2Jumat.  Oiss,  aceti 
sciUcB  Oij.  Boil  in  a  glass  vessel  over  a  gentle  fire 
to  a  proper  consistence.)  It  is  reputed  to  be  ex- 
pectorant and  diuretic.     Dose,  ^j. 

Oxymel,  Simple,  Oxymel  simplex,  is  prepared 
as  follows :  {Mellis  despumati  Ibij,  acidi  acetici 
Ibj.  Boil  in  a  glass  vessel,  over  a  slow  fire,  to  a 
proper  thickness.  Ph.  L.)  It  is  cooling;  —  ex- 
ternally detergent. 

Oxymel  of  Squill,  0.  scill«. 
OXYMYRRHINE,  Ruscus. 
OXYMYRSINE,  Ruscus. 
OXYNGIUM,  Adeps  suillus. 
OXYNI'TRON,  from  ofuj,  'acid,'  and  vtraov, 
*  nitre.'     Name  of  a  plaster,  composed  chiefly  of 
vinegar  and  nitre,  and  recommended  by  Aetius. 
OXYNOSEMA,  Acute  disease. 
OXYNOSOS,  Acute  disease. 
OXYNUSOS,  Acute  disease. 
OXYO'PIA,  Galero'pia,  Hyperop' sia,  Sujfu'sio 
eaicla'rans,   Acies  visAs,   from  ofuj,  'quick,'   and 
(oxp,  '  sight.'     Excessive  acuteness  of  the  sense  of 
sight.     Instances  have   occurred  where  persons 
could  see  the  stars  in  the  day  time.     The  cause 


is  seated  in  great  sensibility  of  the  retina.  The 
term  has  been  used  synonymously  with  nycta- 
lopia. 

OXYOSPHRE'SIA,  Oxyosphra'sia,  from  o^v?, 
'acute,'  and  oacbpricis,  'smell.  Excessive  acutenese 
of  the  sense  of  smell. 

OXYPHLEGMA'SIA,  olvf\tynama,  Acxi'ta  et 
ve'hernens  inflamma'tio.     A  violent  inflammation. 

OXYPHCENICON,  Tamarindus. 

OXYPHO'NIA,  Vox  acu'ta;  from  o|uj,  'sharp, 
and  fwvr],  'voice;'  Parapho'nia  clangens.  P.  ul- 
cero'sa,  Clangor,  Vox  clango'sa,  Lejytopho'nia. 
A  shrill  and  squalling  voice;  —  frequently,  a 
symptom  of  morbid  affection  of  the  larynx. 

OXYPHYLLON,  Oxalis  acetosella. 

OXYPODIA,  see  Kyllosis. 

OXYPROTEIN,  see  Corium  phlogisticum. 

OXYP.EG'MIA,    Euctus    ac"idns,    from    o|uf, 


and 


:f)£uya). 


'  I  belch.'     Acid  eructation. 


OXYR'IA  RENIFORM'IS,  Bumex  dig"ynus. 
Boreal  sourdocl;  Mountain  Sorrel,  Welsh,  sorrel,' 
A  plant,  Sex.  Syst.  Diandria  digynia,  which  grows 
in  the  northern  parts  of  America  and  Europe: 
blossoming  in  the  spring.  It  possesses  the  samo 
properties  as  oxalis  acetosella. 

OXYIiPbHOD'INON,  Ace'tuni  rosa'tum,  from 
o|iJf,  'acid,'  and  go&ov,  'a  rose.'  A  composition 
of  vinegar  and  roses.  ( 01.  rosat.  §jj,  acet.  rosat. 
3j.)    Used  as  a  liniment  in  herpes  and  erysipelas. 

OXYS,  Acetum,  Acid,  Acute  —  o.  Alba,  Oxalis 
acetosella. 

OXYSAC'CHARUM,  from  ofuf,  'acid,'  and 
cTUKxapov,  '  sugar.'  A  mixture  of  sugar  and  vine- 
gar. It  was  called  Oxysac'charum  vomiti'vum, 
when  it  held  in  solution  the  glass  of  antimony ; 
and  Oxysac'charum  scillit'icum,  when  it  contained 
squills. 

OXYSAL  DIAPHORBT'ICUM  AN'GELI 
SALiE.  A  preparation  of  Angelo  Sala.  Ace- 
tate of  potass  exposed  to  the  atmosphere ;  and 
consequently  fallen  into  a  state  of  deliquium.— 
Orfila. 

OXYTARTARUS,  Potassaa  acetas. 

OXYTES,  Acidities. 

OXYTOCIA.  Same  etymon  as  the  next.  Ra- 
pidity of  parturition.    Too  great  rapidity  of  birth. 

OXYTOCIC,  Oxyt'ocus,  from  ofuf,  '  quick,'  and 
TiKTU},  'I  bring  forth.'  A  medicine  which  pro- 
motes delivery. 

OXYTRIPHYLLON,  Oxalis  acetosella. 

OXYUBE  VEBMICULAIBE,  Ascaris  ver- 
micularis. 

OYSTER  ROOT,  Tragopogon  —  o.  Shells,  Os- 
tresB  testae — o.  Prepared,  Testa  prseparata. 

OZ^'NA,  Coryza  enton'ica,  C.  puriden'ta,  Py- 
orrhcea  nasa'lis,  Entoza'na,  0.  ozcsno'sa,  C.  idce- 
ro'sa,  Coryza  virulen'ta,  C.  malig'na,  Bhini'tis 
xdcero'sa,  Ulcus  na'rium  fastens,  from  o^u,  'I  smell 
of  something.'  (F.)  Ozene,  Punaisie.  An  affec- 
tion of  the  pituitary  membrane,  which  gives  oc- 
casion to  a  disagreeable  odour,  similar  to  that  of 
a  crushed  bed-bug;  hence  the  name  Punais,  by 
which  the  French  designate  one  labouring  under 
ozsena.  It  is,  sometimes,  owing  to  caries  of  tho 
bones ;  but  is,  perhaps,  most  frequently  depend- 
ent upon  syphilitic  ulceration  of  the  pituitary 
membrane,  with  or  without  caries  of  the  bones 
of  the  nose. 

OzjENA  Benigna,  Coryza,  chronic. 

•OZE,  Breath,  oifensive. 

OZEMAN,  Albumen. 

OZENE,  Ozsena, 

OZONE  :  same  etymon  as  Ozsena.     The  pow 
erfully  odorous  matter  produced  when  a  current 
of  ordinary  electricity  passes  from  pointed  bodiei 
into  the  air.  —  Schonbein. 


632 


PAIN 


P. 


P.  A  contraction  of  Pugillux.       "1 


P.  M.  A  contraction  of  Partes 

cBquales. 
P.  P.   A  contraction   of  Pulvis 


I   See  Aljljre- 


pat  rum.  J 

PAB'ULUM,  Trophe,  Phorhe,  Alimen'txim,  Nu- 
trimen.'tum.  Food,  aliment.  The  animal  heat 
and  animal  spirits — unmeaning  terms — were  for- 
meriv  considered  the  Pahulum  vitcB. 

PACAY,  Prosopis  dukis. 

PACCHIO'NI,  GLANDS  OF,  Glan' dulm  Burcs 
Matris,  G.  durcB  Menin'c/is,  Tuber' cula  parva  du- 
rcB  matris,  C'or'p)ora  glandifor'mia  dura  matris, 
(F.)  Granulations  cerebrales.  Small,  -whitish,  or 
yellowish  bodies,  sometimes  separate,  at  others 
united  like  a  bunch  of  grapes,  which  are  ob- 
served in  several  jjarts  of  the  dura  and  pia  mater. 
They  receive  vessels,  but  apparently  no  nerves. 
Their  texture  and  uses  are  unknown.  A  con- 
siderable number  is  observed  in  the  longitudinal 
sinus,  covered  by  the  internal  membrane. 

PACH^'MI-1,  PacJii/a'mia,  PaeJice'ma,  Pa- 
chyrn'ma,  from  naxvs,  'thick,'  and  'aina,  'blood. 
Too  great  thickness  of  the  blood. 

PACHEABLBPHARO'SIS,  PacTieallejm'ara, 
Paclujhleph'aron,  Pachyhlepharo'sis,  Pach'ytes, 
from  Tra-)(yi>  '  thick,'  and  /3A£0apov,  '  an  eyelid.' 
A  name  given,  by  some  authors,  to  a  thickening 
of  the  eyelids,  produced  by  tubercles  or  excres- 
cences formed  on  their  margins.  It  is  the  same 
p.tFection  as  that  which  Sauvages  designates  Ca- 
li'go  d  PacTieablepliaro' si. 
PACHETOS,  see  Laqueus. 

PACIIULOSIS,  Pachylosis. 

PACHYJEMIA,  Pachffimia. 

PACHYBLEPHAROX,  Pacheablepharosis. 

PACHYCHOL'IA,  from  jra^"?.  'thick,'  and 
;^oX?7,  '  bile.'     Morbid  thickness  of  the  bile. 

PACHYLO'SIS,  Pachido'sis,  from  Tzaxv;, 
'thick.'  An  inordinate  production  of  the  epi- 
dermis dependent  upon  hypertrophy  of  the  pa- 
pilla? of  the  skin.— E.  Wilson. 

PACBTNSIS,  Polysarcia  adiposa. 

PACHYNTICA,  Incrassantia, 

PACHYSMUS,  Polysarcia  adiposa. 

PACHYTES,  Pacheablepharosis. 

PACINIAN  CORPUSCLES,  see  Corpuscles. 
, PACKING,    OF    THE   HYDROPATHISTS  ; 
JEmaillotaqe. 

PACKWAX,  see  Micha. 

PAD,  (S.)  Pujado,  from  paja,  'straw.'  Plu- 
mace'olus,  Pulvil'lus,  Pulvin'uliis,  Parvum  pul- 
vi'nar ;  —  a  cushion,  a  little  cushion;  a.  junk;  (F.) 
Coussinet.  A  small  bag,  filled  with  feathers, 
wool,  hair,  bran,  chaff,  Ac.  It  is  used  to  com- 
press or  support  parts.  In  the  treatment  of  cer- 
tain fractures,  soft  pads  or  cushions,  called  by 
the  French  Pcrnplissages,  are  placed  between  the 
splints  and  the  fractured  limb,  in  order  that  the 
prominent  parts  may  not  be  chafed  by  the  splints, 

PADDIE,  see  Oryza. 

PADDY,  see  Oryza. 

PADNOON.  Bit  noben. 

PAD'UA,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Near 
Padua,  in  Italy,  there  are  several  thermal,  sul- 
phureous springs;  the  hottest  of  which  is  1SS° 
Fahr.  The  chief  establishments  are  Abano,  Bat- 
taglia,  and  Montegrotto. 

PAD  US,  Prunus  padus  —  p.  Avium,  Prunus 
padus — p.  Lauro  eerasus,  Prunus  lauro-cerasus. 

PJiDAN'CHONE,  from  rraif,  Tratio;,  'a  child,' 


and  ayxi^,  'I  strangle;'  Anrji'na  Sicca.  Name 
of  a  fatal  species  of  cynanche,  mentioned  by  M, 
A.  Severinus;  probably  the  Cynanche  Trachedlis, 
or  Cynanche  Maligna.. 

P^DARTHROCACE,  Spina  rentosa. 

P^DATROPH'IA,  Atrophia  in/an'tilis,  Ma- 
ras'mus  lactan'tiiim,  from  ttoi?,  7701^0?,  'a  child,' 
a,  privative,  and  Tpo(pii,  '  nourishment.'  Atrophy 
of  children.     Tabes  mesenterica. 

Pjddateophia  Glandulosa,  Scrofula. 

PiEDERAS'TIA,  Padogo'rjium,  Pcedion'tio, 
Cinm'dia,  from  -aaig,  'a  boy,''  and  eou;,  'love.' 
The  love  of  boys.  A  disgraceful  passion,  com- 
mon in  ancient  times,  but  now  unknown.  These 
terms  are  likewise  applied  to  the  crime  of  sodomy. 

P^DI'A,  TraiSiia,  'learning.'  Ednca'tio  in- 
fan'tum.  The  bringing  up  or  education  —  phy- 
sical as  well  as  moral — of  children. 

P^DIATRI'A,  PcEdiat'rica,  from  iratj,  'a 
child,'  and  larnua,  'medical  management.'  Treat- 
ment of  the  diseases  of  children. 

P^DICATIO,  Pffiderastia. 

PiEDICTERUS,  Icterus  infantum. 

PiEDOBARO M ACROMETER,  Baromaero- 
meter. 

P^DOGOGIUM,  Pajderastia. 

PEDOMETER,  Baromacrometer. 

P^DON'OSUS,  from  ™if,  -aaihoi,  'a  child,' 
and  voo-of,  'disease.'     A  disease  of  childhood. 

P^EDOPHLEBOTOM'IA,  from  ttois,  'a  child,' 
^\f\i,  '  a  vein,'  and  ro^r],  'incision.'  YencBsec'tio 
■puero'rum.     Bleeding  performed  on  children. 

P^DOT'RIBES,  Min'ister    Gymnas'tcB,    from  ' 
Traij,  'a  child,'  and  rpiPto,  '  I  train.'     In  ancient 
gymnastics,  the  ofiicer  acquainted  with  all  the 
prescribed  exercises,  and  who  carried  them  into 
effect,  according  to  the  directions  of  the  superior. 

P^O'NIA,  P.  officina'lis  seu  mas'cvln  seu  nc- 
mora'lis  seu  fem'ina  seu  loba'ta,  Glycis'ide,  Hm- 
mogo'gum,  Pe'ony,  or  Pi'ony,  male  and  female. 
(F.)  Piroine,  Pione.  The  root,  flowers,  and  seeds 
were  long  esteemed  powerful  medicines.  They 
are  feebly  astringent,  and  have  been  considered 
to  be  narcotic  and  antispasmodic.  They  have 
been  given,  particularly,  in  intermitlents  and 
epilepsy,  but  are  not  now  used.  The  flowers  are 
called  Roses  benedic'tcc,  li.  re'yics. 

PiEONICE.  Medicine. 

P/EONICUS.  Medical. 

P.EONIUS,  Medical. 

P.EOSYNE,  Medicine. 

PAGAPOPLEX'IA,  from  rayeiv,  'to  nnil  fast,' 
and  azoirXri^ia,  '  apoplexj'.'     Apoplexy  from  cold. 

PAIDIA,  Infancy. 

PAIDION,  Infans. 

PAIGIL,  Primula  veris. 

PAIN,  (old  F.)  pniner,  'to  torment;'  Sax. 
pinan,  'to  torture.'  Dolor,  Algns,  AU/e'ma,  Al- 
ge'do,  Alge'sis,  Od'yne,  (F.)  Douleur.  A  disa- 
greeable sensation,  which  .scarcely  admits  of  de- 
finition. It  is  generally  sj-mptomatic,  and  is 
called  acute,  (F.)  aiguc,  when  very  violent;  ^ji/h- 
fjent,  (F.)  pongiiire,  when  it  resembles  that  which 
would  be  produced  by  a  sharp  instrument  run 
into  the  part:  heavy,  (F.)  gravntive,  when  at- 
tended with  a  sensation  of  weight;  tensirc,  when 
the  part  seems  distended:  lan'cinating,  when  oc- 
curring in  shoots  :  lac' crating  or  tcariiirj,  when 
the  part  seems  to  be  tearing  :  burning,  (F.)  brd- 
lante,  when  resembling  that  produced  by  a  burn. 


PAIN 


f533 


PALATINE 


Paix,  Bvn,  Hemicrania. 

PAIN,  see  Triticum — -jj.  a  Coucoii,  Oxalis  aee- 
tosella — p.  de  Madagascar,  Jatropha  manihot — 
p.  de  Poiirceaii,  Cyclamen. 

PAINS,  AFTER,  see  P.  labour. 

Pains,  Gnawing,  Dolo'res  roden'tes.  Pains  re- 
sembling what  might  be  produced  by  the  gnaw- 
ing of  an  animal. 

Pains,  Labour  pains,  Throes,  Throws,  Partu- 
rieii'tis  dolo'res,  Odin,  Odis,  Dolo'res  ad  partnm, 
Torm'ina  partiirientiiim,  (F.)  Mai  d' Enfant,  Doii- 
leurs.  The  uneasy  sensations  that  accompany 
labour,  and  are  owing  to  uterine  contraction. 
The  pains  that  precede  actual  delivery,  and  are 
simply  employed  in  dilating  the  os  uteri,  are 
called  grinding ;  those  which  extrude  the  child, 
forcing.  Those  which  take  place  in  the  first 
days  after  delivery,  and  are  employed  in  forcing 
away  coagula,  .fee,  are  termed  After  pains,  Do- 
lo'res sou  Tormina  jiost  partum,  D.  puerpera'rum, 
(F.)  Tranchees  uterines. 

"  To  take  a  piain,"  —  ''  To  try  a  pain,"  —  is  to 
make  an  examination  per  vaginam,  during  la- 
bour, to  discover  its  progress,  character,  &,o. 

The  French  term  the  pains,  which  precede  and 
announce  labour,  mouches ;  those  which  accom- 
pany it,  douleurs  ;  and  those  which  occur  imme- 
diately afterwards,  tranchees  ou  coliques. 

PAINT,  from  pjingere,  p)inctum,  'to  paint,'  (I.) 
pinto,  {^.)  p)eint ;  Pigmen'tum,  Fucus,  (F.)  Fard. 
A  name  given  to  diilerent  substances,  employed 
for  embellishing  the  complexion  or  rendering  the 
skin  softer.  The  substances  most  commonly  used 
for  this  purpose  are: — the  Suhnitrate  of  Bismuth, 
(F.)  Blanc  de  fard.  A  spirituous  solution  of 
benzoin,  precipitated  by  water,  and  forming  Vir- 
gin's milk,  (F.)  Lait  virginal;  the  red  or  rouge 
of  the  carthamus ;  Spanish  white;  the  oxides  of 
lead,  tin,  and  mercury,  vermilion,  red  sauuders, 
<fcc.  All  paints  may  be  said  to  be  noxious.  They 
injure  the  skin  ;  obstruct  perspiration  ;  and,  thus, 
frequently  lay  the  foundation  for  cutaneous  affec- 
tions.    See  Cosmetic. 

Paint,  Indian,  Hydrastis  Canadensis,  Sangui- 
naria  Canadensis  —  p.  Yellow,  Hydrastis  Cana- 
densis. 

PALiESTRA,  Gymnasium. 

PALAIS,  Palate. 

PALATAL,  Palatine. 

PALATE,  Pala'tum,  Jli/pero'a,  IIj/j)erb'um, 
TJranis'cos,  Roof  of  the  mouth.  Fossa  Palati'na, 
Palatum  stah'ile.  Hard  Palate,  (F.)  Palais.  The 
upper  part  of  the  cavity  of  the  mouth  ;  a  kind  of 
parabolic  vault,  formed  by  the  two  superior  max- 
illary bones,  and  the  two  palate  bones  covered 
with  a  thick  and  dense  mucous  membrane : 
bounded,  before  and  at  the  sides,  bj'  the  superior 
dental  arch ;  and,  behind,  by  the  velum  palati. 
A  whitish  line  runs  along  the  middle,  from  be- 
fore to  behind;  at  the  anterior  extremity  of  which 
is  a  tubercle  corresponding  to  the  inferior  orifice 
of  the  anterior  palatine  canal.  The  arteries  of 
the  palate  and  corresponding  gums  proceed  from 
the  palatine,  alveolar,  infra-orbitar,  labial,  and 
buccal  branches.  The  veins  follow  a  similar 
course.  The  nerves  are  given  oif  from  the  pala- 
tine, facial,  infra-orbitar,  superior  dental,  and 
from  the  naso-palatine  ganglion. 

Palate,  Aiitific"ial,  (P.)  Ohturateur  du  Pa- 
lais. A  plate  of  tortoise-shell,  silver,  &c.,  used 
to  close  a  deficiency  of  the  palate. 

Palate  Bone,  Os  Pala'ti,  Os  hasila're,  (F.) 
Os  Palatin,  Os  du  Palais,  is  a  small  bone,  of  an 
irregular  shape,  situate  at  the  posterior  part  of 
the  nasal  fossaj  and  palate.  It  seems  formed  by 
the  union  of  two  bony  plates  joined  at  right  an- 
gles to  each  other;  so  that  one  is  inferior  and 
horizontal;  —  the    other,   superior   and   vertical. 


The  horizontal  or  palatine  portion,  Arch  of  the 
palate,  is  ciuadrilateral.  Its  upper  surface  forma 
part  of  the  nasal  fossas ;  the  lower  forms  part  of 
the  palatine  arch,  and  contains  the  inferior  orifice 
of  the  posterior  palatine  canal.  Its  anterior  edge 
is  articulated  with  the  palatine  process  of  the 
superior  maxillary  bone;  the  liosterior  is  free 
and  sharp.  It  gives  attachment  to  the  velum 
palati,  and  presents  an  eminence,  which,  when 
joined  with  one  on  the  opposite  side,  forms  the 
posterior  nasal  spine.  Its  inner  edge  is  articu- 
lated with  the  corresponding  bone;  its  outer  is 
confounded  with  the  vertical  portion.  The  ver- 
tical or  ascending  piortion  has  the  form  of  a  long 
square.  The  inner  surface  forms  part  of  the 
outer  paries  of  the  nasal  fossae.  Its  outer  sur- 
face is  unequal,  and  is  articulated  with  the  supe- 
rior maxillary  bone;  behind,  it  presents  a  verti- 
cal groove,  which  forms  part  of  the  posterior 
palatine  canal;  and,  above,  a  small  free  surface, 
which  looks  into  the  zygomatic  fossa.  Its  ante- 
rior edge  is  united  with  the  superior  maxillary 
bone;  the  posterior  is  unequal,  and  rests  on  the 
internal  ala  of  the  pterygoid  process.  The  angle, 
which  it  forms  by  uniting  with  the  posterior  edge 
of  the  horizontal  portion,  presents  a  very  promi- 
nent pyramidal  eminence,  called  the  tuberosity  of 
the  p)alate  hone.  Its  upper  margin  is  surmounted 
by  two  eminences ; — the  one,  anterior,  called  the 
orhitar  process;  —  the  other  posterior,  the  sphe~ 
noid  process.  These  two  processes  are  separated 
by  an  almost  circular  notch,  which  the  sphenoid 
bone  forms  into  a  foramen,  called  the  spheno- 
palatine. 

This  bone  appears  to  be  developed  from  a  single 
point  of  ossification.  It  is  articulated,  with  the 
sphenoid,  ethmoid,  the  cornua  sphenoidalia,  su- 
perior maxillary  bone,  the  inferior  spongy  bone, 
the  vomer,  and  its  fellow. 

Palate,  Cleft,  see  Harelip — p.  Falling  down 
of  the,  Uvulitis  —  p.  Fissured,  see  Harelip  —  p. 
Hard,  Palate  —  p.  Soft,  Velum  pendultim  ijalati. 

PAL'ATINE,  Pal'atal,  Palati'nus,  Pal'atic, 
from  p)alatum,  '  the  palate.'  Relating  or  belong- 
ing to  the  palate. 

Palatine  or  Palatal  Arteries  are  two  in 
number.  They  are  distinguished  into,  1.  The 
superior  palatal  or  palatine,  Palati'na  descen'- 
dens  or  Pal'ato-max'illary,  which  leaves  the  in- 
ternal maxillary  behind  the  top  of  the  orbit;  de- 
scends into  the  pterygo-maxillary  fissure,  and 
enters  the  posterior  maxillary  canal.  Its  branches 
are  distributed  to  the  velum  palati  and  the  nasal 
fossaj.  2.  The  inferior  or  ascending  j)nlatine  or 
palatal,  which  is  very  small,  and  separates  from 
the  facial  near  its  origin.  It  passes  along  the 
lateral  and  superior  part  of  the  pharynx,  between 
the  pillars  of  the  velum  palati,  and  divides  into 
a  number  of  ramusculi,  which  are  distributed  to 
the  pharj'nx,  the  corresponding  tonsil,  the  Eus- 
tachian tube,  and  the  velum  palati. 

Palatine  Canals  or  Ducts.  These  are  two 
in  number.  The  anterior,  Ductus  incisi'vus  vel 
Nasa'lo-pala.ti'mts,  Inci'sive  canal,  is  situate  at 
the  anterior  part  of  the  palatine  arch,  and  is 
formed  by  the  two  superior  maxillary  bones.  It 
is  single  beneath,  but  opens  above  by  two  aper- 
tures, one  into  each  nasal  fossa.  The  foramen  is 
called  Fora'men  incisi'vum  vel  F.  Palatinum  ante'- 
rius,  F.  Alveola're  ante'rius,  and  F.  ccBcum  ossia 
maxilla' ris  supierio' ris.  The  posterior  palatine 
canal  is  situate  at  the  posterior  part  of  the  palate. 
It  is  formed  by  the  palate  and  superior  maxillary 
bones,  ascends  between  these  two  bones  ;  and,  iu 
its  course,  gives  rise  to  two  or  three  small  acces- 
sary palatine  canals,  which  open  above  the  tuber- 
osity of  the  palate  bone.  It  transmits  the  nerves 
and  vessels  which  bear  its  name.     T  le  foramerf 


PALATITE 


634 


PALMAR 


is  called,  F.  Palati'num  poste'rius,  F.  Palato- 
maxilla'ie,  F.  alveola' re  poste'ri us. 

Palatinjs  Membrane  is  the  fibro-mueons  mem- 
brane that  lines  the  palate  or  roof  of  the  mouth. 

Palatine  or  Palatal  Nerves,  Guttnro-pala- 
tiiis,  (Ch.)  are  three  in  number;  and  arise  from 
the  inferior  part  of  the  spheno-palatine  ganglion. 
1.  The  great  palatine,  Palatin  inferieur,  (Ch.) 
is  situate  anteriorly  to  the  two  others,  and  de- 
scends into  the  posterior  palatine  canal ;  gives  a 
nasal  filament  and  a  stapihyline  filament,  and  is 
distributed  on  the  palate.  2.  The  middle  pala- 
tine. Guttural,  (Ch.,)  which  arises  behind  the  pre- 
ceding; enters  one  of  the  accessary  palatine  ca- 
nals, and  is  distributed  to  the  tonsils  and  velum 
palati.  3.  The  little  pialatine  nerve,  situate  still 
more  backward  than  the  last,  which  loses  itself 
by  several  filaments  in  the  uvula,  tonsils,  and  fol- 
licles of  the  palatine  membrane. 

PALATITE,  Isthmitis. 

PALATITIS,  Uranisconitis. 

PALATO-GLOSSUS,  Glossostaphylinus. 

PALAT0-PHARYNGEUS,PAn)7/)iV-«<"i%- 
li'nus,  Staphijli'nn-pharyngens,  Thyro-pharyn'- 
go-ataphyli'nas,  part  of  the  Hypero-pharyngeus, 
(F.)  Palato-pAaryngien ,  Stylo -pharyngi en  (Ch.)  A 
membranous  muscle,  broader  at  its  middle  than 
at  its  extremities,  and  situate  vertically  in  the 
lateral  paries  of  the  pharynx  and  velum  palati. 
It  includes  the  perystaphylo-pharyngeus,  pha- 
ryngo-staphylinus,  and  th}'ro-staphylinus  of 
Winslow.  When  the  two  palato-pharyngei  con- 
tract together,  they  depress  the  velum.  They 
elevate  and  shorten  the  pharynx,  and  act  princi- 
pally in  deglutition. 

PALA  TO-PHAR  YNGIEN,  Palato  -  pharyn- 
geus  —  p.  Salpingeus,  Circumflexus — p.  Salpin- 
(jien,  Circumflexus. 

PALATOSTAPHTLINI,  see  Azygos  muscle. 

PALATUM  FISSUM,  Hyperoochasma  — p. 
MoUe,  Velum  pendulum  palati  —  p.  Pendulum, 
Velum  pendulum  palati. 

PALE,  Pollen. 

PALENESS,  Pallor,  Och'rofes,  OcJiro'ma, 
Ochri'  asis,  Leuco'sis,  Dealba'tio,  Luror,  (F.) 
Pdleur.  "Whiteness  of  complexion.  It  appears 
to  be  owing  to  a  diminution  or  alteration  of  the 
blood  circulating  in  the  capillary  vessels,  and  is 
often  a  sign  of  disease. 

PALES  COULEURS,  Chlorosis. 

PALETTE,  (F.)  Pal'mida,  Fer'ula.  An  in- 
strument of  percussion.  It  has  the  shape  of  a 
spatula  with  a  long  handle  ;  is  made  of  very  light, 
white  wood,  and  has  been  proposed,  by  Mr.  Percy, 
for  what  is  called  the  Masnnge,  a  kind  of  pressure 
or  kneading,  exerted  by  the  hand  on  the  body 
and  limbs  to  excite  the  tone  of  the  skin  and  sub- 
jacent tissues. 

Palette  also  means  a  cup  for  bleeding,  and  the 
xiphoid  cartilage  (?). 

PALETTE  A  PANSEMENT.  A  small  splint 
of  thin,  scooped  wood,  having  the  shape  of  the 
hand,  and  used  to  support  the  hand  in  certain 
cases — when  burnt,  for  example — in  order  to  pre- 
vent the  fingers  from  being  deformed  by  the  cica- 
trices. 

PALETTE  DE  CABALS.  An  instrument, 
invented  by  Cabanis  of  Geneva  to  draw  out  the 
extremity  of  the  stylet  when  passed  into  the  nose, 
ia  the  operation  for  fistula  lachrymalis.  It  is 
composed  of  two  plates  of  silver,  pierced  with 
several  holes,  and  movable  on  each  other.  To 
use  it,  the  instrument  must  be  carried  into  the 
nose,  so  that  the  holes  of  the  two  plates  corres- 
{•ond.  When  the  end  of  the  stylet  is  received 
into  one  of  these  holes,  it  is  pinched,  by  sliding  one 
^  the  plates  on  the  other,  and  is  easily  withdrawn. 


PALEUR,  Paleness. 

PALI  PLAGUE,  see  Plague. 

PALILLO,  Campomanesia  lineatifolia. 

PALIMPISSA,  see  Pinus  sylvestris. 

PALINCOTESIS,  Recrudescentia. 

PALINDROME,  Palindromia. 

PALINDROM'IA,  Palin'drome,  from  rahv, 
'  again,'  and  Spoi/os,  '  a  course.'  This  word  sig- 
nifies, with  some,  a  reflux  of  fluids  from  the  exte- 
rior towards  the  interior ;  and,  according  to  others, 
the  relapse  of  an  affection  — the  recurrence — lie- 
cur'sio,  Ils2}etit"io  —  of  a  paroxysm  or  disease, — 
Morbus  recidi'vus,  Ilorhi  recur'sus. 

PALINGENESIS,  Regeneration. 

PALLIA'TION,  Pallia'tio,  from  palliare,  '  to 
cover,  mask;'  froxa  pallium,  'a  mantle.'  The  act 
of  palliating  —  that  is,  of  causing  the  symptoms 
of  a  disease  to  mitigate,  without  curing  it.  The 
medical  art  can  frequently  only  moderate  the 
symjjtoms  of  a  disease,  prevent  it  from  making 
progress,  prolong  the  days  of  the  patient,  and  di- 
minish his  sufferings.  'ih\5  \a  a.  pialliative  treat- 
ment. 

PAL'LIATIVE,  Pallinti'vus,  Antipalh'ic, 
Enantiop)ath'ic.  A  remedy  or  mode  of  treatment, 
which  only  relieves  a  disease,  without  curing  it. 
The  palliative  treatment —  Cnra.  paUiati'va,  is 
placed  in  antithesis  to  the  radical,  C'ara  radlca'lis ; 
see  Radical. 

PALLIDULUS,  Blofard. 

PALLIDUS  MORBUS,  Chlorosis. 

PALLOR,  Paleness  —  p.  Virginum,  Chlorosis. 

PALM,  Palma,  Vola,  V.  mantis,  Plate'a,  The- 
nar, Ages,  Agos'tus,  Poc'idum,  Pat'era,  Svpiellex 
seu  Supellec'tile  LHog"enis,  (F.)  Paume  ou  C'revx 
de  la  main.  The  hollow  or  inside  of  the  hand. 
It  is  limited,  tcithotif,  by  the  thenar  eminence, 
which  answers  to  the  thumb;  unthin,  by  the  hy- 
pothenar  eminence,  which  answers  to  the  little 
finger;  above,  by  the  wrist-joint;  and,  helow,  by 
the  four  fingers. 

PALMA  CHRISTI,  Ricinus  communis  — p. 
Cocos,  Cocos  nueifera — p.  Dactj'lifera,  Date  tree 
— p.  Humilis,  Musa  paradisiaca — p.  Unguentari- 
orum,  Myrobalanus. 

PALM^  U'TERI  PLICA'T^,  Arhor  vit<B 
vteri'nus,  A.  u'teri  viv'ijicans.  The  arborescent 
striee  in  the  interior  of  the  cervix  uteri. 

PALM  AIRE  OUTANE,  Palmaris  brevis— ;>. 
Grand,  Palmaris  magnus  —  p.  GrSle,  Palmaris 
longus  — p.  Long,  Palmaris  longus. 

PALMAR,  Palma'ris,  from  ^jn^wa,  'the  palm 
of  the  hand.'  That  which  concerns  the  palm  of 
the  hand.  The  palm  has,  sometimes,  been  di- 
vided into  three  regions,  called  pialmar.  1.  The 
external  palmar  region  corresponds  to  the  thenar 
eminence.  2.  The  internal  patwnr  region  is 
formed  by  the  hypothenar  eminence  :  and,  3.  The 
middle  palmar  region  is  the  hollow  of  the  hand, 
(F.)  Creux  de  la  main. 

Palmar  Aponeueo'sis,  Palmar  fas'cia.  A 
strong  triangular  aponeurosis,  which  arises  from 
the  inferior  tendon  of  the  palmaris  brovis,  and 
the  anterior  annular  ligament  of  the  carpus.  It 
covers  the  whole  palm  of  the  hand,  and  adheres, 
somewhat  strongly,  to  the  skin  of  the  part.  The 
palmar  ligaments  are  small,  verj'  numerous, 
fibrous  fasciae,  which  unite  the  difl'erent  bones  of 
the  carpus  and  metacarpus. 

PAL^fAR  Arches,  (F.)  Arcades  ou  Crosses  pal- 
maires.  The  curved  extremities  of  the  radial  and 
cubital  arteries  in  the  palm  of  the  band.  There 
are  two  palmar  arches:  —  the  one  cvhitnl  or  «if- 
perficinl, — grande  Arcade  palmaire  of  Chaussier, 
furnishes,  at  its  convexity  towards  the  fingers, 
the  collateral  arteries  of  the  fingers,  and  the  in- 
ternal collateral  of  the  thumb ;  the  other,  the 
radial,  profound,  or  deep-seated, — jjc^iVe  Arcade 


PALMARIS 


635 


PALUDOSUS 


tilmai're  of  Chaussier,  is  deep  in  tlie  palm  of  the 
liiind  ben'iath  the  tendons  of  the  flexor  muscles 
of  the  fingers.  It  gives  some  small  branches 
only  to  the  surrounding  parts.  The  palmar  veins 
aooompany  the  corresponding  arteries. 

Palmar  Arteries,  see  Palmar  arches — p. 
Fascia,  P.  aponeurosis. 

PAL^rAJ!,  Muscles.  These  are  three  in  num- 
ber. 1.  Palma'ria  Magnus,  Flexor  carpi  radia'lis, 
Badia'lis  intern'us,  (F.)  Epitrocldo-metacarpien 
(Ch.),  Palmaire  grand,  Radial  anterieur.  A  long 
fusiform  muscle,  which  passes  obliquely  from  the 
inner  tuberosity  of  the  humerus  to  the  upper  ex- 
trejiity  of  the  second  metacarpal  bone.  It  bends 
the  hand.  2.  Palmaris  Inngus,  Latescen'tis  chordm, 
Ulna'ris  grac"ilis,  (F.)  Ep>itroe}do- carpi -pal- 
maire (Ch.),  Palmaire  long,  P.  grele.  This  muscle 
is  situate  on  the  inner  side  of  the  last.  It  is  very 
slender,  and  passes  from  the  inner  tuberosity  of 
the  humerus  to  the  anterior  annular  ligament  of 
the  carpus,  and  to  the  palmar  aponeurosis,  which 
it  seems  to  form  by  the  vanishing  of  its  fibres.  It 
stretches  the  palmar  aponeurosis,  and  bends  the 
hand.  3.  Palmaris  Previa,  Caro  quadra'ta,  Cur- 
picb'us,  (F.)  Palmaire  cutane.  A  small,  thin, 
quadrilateral  muscle ;  situate  before  the  thenar 
eminence.  It  passes  from  the  annular  ligament 
of  the  carpus  to  the  integuments  of  the  palm  of 
ih&  hand,  which  it  wrinkles  by  its  contractions. 

Palmar  Veins,  see  Palmar  arches. 

PALMARIS  BREVIS,  see  Palmar  muscles  — 
p.  Longus,  see  Palmar  muscles  —  p.  Magnus,  see 
Palmar  muscles. 

PALMETTO,  SAW,  Chamserops  serratula. 

PALMI-PHALANGIENS,  Lumbricales  ma- 
nus. 

PALMISTRY,  Chiromancy. 

PALMOSCOP'IA,  from  ttoX/^o?,  'palpitation,' 
and  dKo-tdi,  '  I  view.'  Investigation  of  the  beat- 
ing of  the  heart  and  pulse.  Prognosis  from  the 
beating  of  the  heart  and  pulse. 

PALMULA,  Date,  Palette. 

PALMUS,  Palpitation — p.  Cordis,  Palpitation 
—  p.  Plumbarius,  Colic,  metallic  —  p.  Vomitus, 
Vomiting. 

PALO  DE  CALENTURAS,  Calenturas. 

PALOS  DE  CALENTURA,  Cinchona. 

PALPA'TION,  from  (F.)  palper,  to  feel.  The 
sense  of  touch.  It  is  also  used  for  the  mode  of 
exploring  disease  by  feeling  or  pressing  upon  the 
diseased  organ. 

PAL'PEBRA,  supposed  to  be  from  palpitare, 
*to  palpitate,'  owing  to  its  frequent  motion  (?) 
Bleph' aron,  Ojjer'culum  seu  Cooper' cidum  oc'xdi. 
Eyelid,  ( F.)  Paupiere.  The  eyelids  are  two 
movable  vela,  situate  in  front  of  the  eye ;  which 
by  their  separation  permit  the  organ  to  receive 
the  impression  of  light,  or  by  their  greater  or  less 
occlusion  protect  it  from  the  influence  of  too 
great  light,  or  from  the  action  of  extraneous  bo- 
dies. They  are  separated,  above,  from  the  fore- 
head, by  the  eyebrows;  and,  below,  are  con- 
founded with  the  cheeks.  They  are  distinguished 
into  vp)per,  Palpehra  major  seu  superior,  EpicyV - 
ium,  —  and  lower,  Palpehra  minor  seu  inferior, 
Hypoeoi'lis,  Hypoeoe'lum,  Hypoc'ylum.  The  for- 
mer is  much  broader  and  more  movable  than  the 
latter.  They  are  separated  by  a  transverse  cleft; 
and  their  edges  are  thick,  and  furnished  with  the 
cilia  or  eyelashes.  Supported  by  the  tarsal  car- 
tilages, they  unite  at  the  extremities  of  the  trans- 
verse diameter  of  the  orbit,  forming  two  angles, 
the  innermost  being  called  the  greater  angle  of 
the  eye,  or  inner  or  greater  eanthus ;  the  other, 
the  lesser  or  external  angle  or  eanthus.  They  are 
formed,  1.  Of  a  thin  dermoid  texture :  2.  Of  a 
muscular  membrane,  —  a  portion  of  the  orbicu- 


laris: 3.  Of  a  particular  fibrous  membrane  :  I.  Of 
the  tarsi :  5.  Of  a  mucous  membrane,  —  apart  of 
the  tunica  conjunctiva. 

Their  vessels  and  nerves  are  called  PalpebraL 

Palpebra  Inferior  Extkorsum  Flexa,  Ec- 
tropion—  p.  Tertia,  Valvula  semilunaris. 

PALPEBRA  SUPERIORIS  PRIMUS,  Le- 
vator palpebraj  superioris. 

PAL'PEBRAL,  Paljyehra'lis,  from  2^alpebra, 
'  the  eyelid.'  That  which  belongs  or  relates  to 
the  eyelid. 

Palpebral  Arteries  are  those  distributed  to 
the  eyelids.  They  are  two  in  number ;  an  vpiper 
and  a  lower.  The  former  arises  from  the  oph- 
thalmic,- a  little  beyond  the  cartilaginous  pulley 
of  the  greater  oblique  muscle,  and  descends  to- 
wards the  upper  eyelid,  over  which  it  is  distri- 
buted. The  lc(tter  arises  at  the  side  of,  and  a 
little  behind,  the  preceding,  and  sends  its  rami- 
fications to  the  lower  ej'elid  and  the  neighbouring 
parts.  The  palpebral  veins  have  a  similar  ar- 
rangement; except  that  some  of  them  open  into 
the  temporal  and  labial  veins. 

Palpebral  Flux,  Puriform.  A  puriform 
discharge,  furnished  by  the  glands  of  Meibomi- 
us,  when  inflamed ;  and  to  which  Scarpa  attri- 
butes fistula  lachrj'malis,  in  many  cases. 

Palpebral  Ligaments  are  distinguished  into 
superior  and  inferior.  Some  anatomists,  with 
y/inslow,  have  described,  under  this  name,  the 
fibrous  layer  wnich  is  attached,  —  on  the  one 
hand,  to  the  outer  part  of  the  circumference  of 
the  orbit;  on  the  other,  to  the  tarsal  cartilages. 

Palpebral  Nerves,  Nerves  of  the  eyelids, 
arise,  particularly,  from  the  frontal  and  lachry- 
mal branches;  from  the  ophthalmic  nerve  of 
Willis;  and  from  the  facial,  nasal,  and  infra- 
orbitar  branch  of  the  superior  maxillary  nerve. 

PALPEBRALIS,  Orbicularis  palpebrarum. 

PALPEBRARUM  APERIENS  RECTUS,  Le- 
vator palpebras  superioris  —  j).  Duo  musculi,  Or- 
biculares  palpebrarum. 

PALPEBRATIO,  Nictation. 

PALPITATIO,  Palpitation  —  p.  Arteriarum, 
see  Palpitation  —  p.  Cordis  trepidans,  Cardio- 
tromus. 

Palpitatio  Membro'eum.  a  term  used  by 
Gaubius  for  involuntary  shaking  of  the  legs. 

PALPITA'TION,  Palpita'tio,  Palmus,  P.  Cor. 
dis,  Palp)ita'tio  seu  Pulsa'tio  Cordis,  Tremor  Cor- 
dis, Vibra'tio  Cardi'aca  seu  Cordis,  Curdiog'mus, 
Cnrdiopal'mus,  Suhsul'tio,  Clonus  Palpita'tio, 
(F.)  Palpitation,  P.  du  Coeur.  A  name  given  to 
the  pulsations  of  the  heart,  when  they  become 
stronger,  more  extensive,  or  more  sensible  to  the 
individual,  than  ordinarily.  Palpitations  occur 
in  a  number  of  afTections.  They  are,  sometimes, 
owing  to  organic  diseases  of  the  heart,  hypertro- 
phy, inflammation,  &c. ;  at  others,  to  a  disease 
in  some  other  viscus ;  whilst,  frequently,  they 
are  merely  nervous. 

Palpitation  is  sometimes  felt  in  the  arteries, 
constituting  Palpitatio  Arterio'sa. 

PALPITATION  BU  CCEUR,  Palpitation. 

PALSIED,  Paralytic. 

PALSY,  Paralysis— p.  Bell's,  Paralysis,  Bell's. 

Palsy,  Lead,  Paral'ysis  satiirni'na,  P.  metal'~ 
liea,  (F.)  Paralysie  saturnine,  Metal'lie  Palsy, 
Painters'  Palsy.  The  paralysis  of  the  upper  ex- 
tremities especially,  induced  by  the  poison  of 
lead. 

Palsy,  Metallic,  see  Palsy,  lead  —  p.  Paint- 
ers', P.  lead  —  p.  Shaking,  Paralysis  agitana— 
p.  Trembling,  Paralysis  agitnns. 

PALTA,  Persea  gatissiraa. 

PALUDAL,  Elodes. 

PALUDAPIUM,  Apium  graveolenj. 

PALUDOSUS,  Elodes. 


PALUS 


636 


PANDEMT 


PALUS,  Marsh,  Penis — p.  Sanctus,  Guaiacum. 

PAMBIOMA,  Panbioma. 

PAMOISON,  Syncope. 

PAMPINIFORM  PLEXUS,  Corpus pampini- 
forme. 

PAMPIISriFORME  CORPUS,  see  Corpus  pam- 
piniforme. 

PAMPLE'GIA,  Panplegia,  from  ^ay,  'all,' 
and  nXiiyu),  '  I  strike.'  General  paralysis.  Palsy 
of  the  whole  body. 

PANACE'A,  CatlioV icon,  OatlioV iciim,  from  irav, 
*  aiy  and  oKsojiai,  'I  cure.'  Universa'le  reme'- 
dium,  Panchres'tos.  A  pretended  universal  re- 
medy.    There  is  no  such  thing  in  existence. 

Panacea  Ducis  HolsatijE,  Potass^  sulphas 
— p.  Duplieata,  Potassse  sulphas — p.  Lapsorum, 
Arnica  montana  —  p.  Mercurialis,  Hydrargyri 
submurias  —  p.  Mercurii  rubri,  Hydrargyri  ni- 
trico-oxidum — p.  Pectoris,  Glechoma  bederacca 
— p.  Vegetabilis,  Crocus. 

PANA'DA,  diminutive  of  Ital.  pane,  'bread,' 
(lia.t.  panis,)  Pana'ta,  Panatel'la.  Bread,  boiled 
in  water  to  the  consistence  of  pap.  Sometimes 
administered  to  the  sick. 

Simple  Bread  Panada  may  be  made  by  put- 
ting any  quantity  of  grated  stale  bread  into 
enough  tcater  to  form  a  moderately  thick  pulp  ; 
covering  it  up,  and  leaving  it  to  soak  for  an 
llBur ;  then  beating  it  up  with  two  tablespoonfuls 
o{  milk,  and  a  small  portion  oi  refined  sugar,  and 
boiling  the  whole  for  ten  minutes,  stirring  all  the 
time. 

PANARIS,  Paronychia. 

PANARITIUM,  Paronychia. 

PANARIUM,  Paronychia. 

PANATA,  Panada. 

PANATELLA,  Panada. 

PANAX  COSTINUM,  Pastinaca  opoponax  — 
p.  Ileracleum,  Pastinaca  opoponax — p.  Pastina- 
cea,  Pastinaca  opoponax. 

Panax  QuiNQUEFo'Liair,  Anrelia'na  Cana- 
den'sis,  Ara'h'a  Canaden'sis,  Ginseng,  Winsing, 
Gensang,  Redherry,  Five-fingers.  Family,  Ara- 
liaceae.  Sex.  Syst.  Polyandria  Monoeeia.  This 
plant  grows  in  Tartary  and  North  America.  The 
root  is  about  the  thickness  of  the  little  finger;  au 
inch  or  two  in  length,  often  dividing  into  two 
branches,-  of  a  whitish-yellow  colour;  wrinkled 
on  the  surface,  and  of  a  compact,  almost  horny, 
texture.  It  has  no  smell,  but  a  very  sweet  taste, 
combined  with  a  slight  degree  of  aromatic  bitter- 
ness. It  is  much  esteemed  by  the  Chinese,  who 
pay  a  high  price  for  it.  It  is  a  gentle  and  agree- 
able stimulant. 

PANBIO'MA,  Pamhio'ma,  from  irav,  '  all,'  and 
^10?,  'life.'  The  original  animating  principle. 
The  general  principle  of  life. 

PANCHRESTOS,  Panacea. 

PANCHYjVIAGO'GUM,  Panfago'gon,  from  ^rav, 
'all,'  x^nog,  'juice,'  and  ayw,  'I  drive  away.'  A 
medicine  which  the  ancients  believed  capable  of 
purging  away  all  sorts  of  humours. 

Panchymagogum  Minerale,  Hydrargyri  sub- 
murias. 

PANC(EN0SUS,  Pandemic. 

PANCCENUS  (MORBUS),  Pandemic. 

PANCRATIUM,  Pancreas. 

PAN'CREAS,  from  izav,  'all,'  and /fpcaj,  'flesh;' 
i.  e.  'quite  fleshy.'  Callic'reas,  Pancra'frum, 
Pan'o.reum,  Lactes,  Ptdvi'nar  ventri'cuU,  Totnm 
eamo'siim,  Gland'ula  saliva'lis  abdom'in-is,  Pan- 
cre'ne.  A  gland,  deeply  seated  in  the  abdomen, 
and  lying  transversely  on  the  vertebral  column, 
hotwoon  the  three  curvatures  of  the  duodenum, 
behind  the  stomach,  and  to  the  right  of  the  spleen. 
Its  left  extren.iU-^  is  called  the  tail  of  the  pan- 
lireas  :  it  is  smaller  than  the  right,  which  is  called 
the  head.     At  its  right  portion,  it  has,  almost 


always,  a  greater  or  less  prolongation ;  called,  by 
Winslow,  and  some  others,  the  lesser  j^ancreas, 
(F.)  Petit  pancreas,  Pancreas  of  Aselli,  Pancreas 
minus.  The  pancreas  resembles  the  salivary 
glands  in  structure,  and  has  been  called  the  Ab- 
dominal Salivary  Gland.  It  is  composed  of  lobes 
and  granulated  lobules,  distinct,  and  united  by 
areolar  tissue.  From  each  of  the  granulations 
of  these  lobes  arise  the  radicles  of  its  excretory 
duct,  which  are  very  delicate,  and  united  like 
veins.  The  duct  itself.  Ductus  Pancreat'icus, 
Canal  or  Duct  of  Wirsung  or  Wirsungs,  (F.) 
Canal  pancreatique,  proceeds  in  a  serpentine 
course  through  the  substance  of  the  organ;  and 
when  it  has  reached  behind  the  second  portion 
of  the  duodenum,  it  becomes  free,  and  is  of  the 
size  of  a  crow's  quill.  It  opens  at  an  acute  angle 
into  the  choledoch  duct,  or  proceeds  close  to  it, 
opening  separately  into  the  duodenum.  The 
Pancreatic  arteries  are  very  numerous  and  small. 
They  proceed  from  the  coeliac,  splenic,  superior 
mesenteric,  right  gastro-epiploic,  coronaria  ven- 
triculi,  and  left  capsular.  Its  veins  open  into 
the  radicles  of  the  vena  porta;  and,  particularly, 
into  the  splenic  and  lesser  mesenteric.  Its  nerves 
emanate  from  the  solar  plexus,  and  its  l}'mpha- 
tics  pass  into  ganglions,  to  which  it  gives  its 
name.  The  pancreas  secretes  the  Pancreatic 
juice,  Snccus  seu  Liquor  Pancreat'icns,  Lyrnpilia 
Pancrea'tis,  which  resembles  the  saliva. 

Pancreas  of  Aselli,  see  Pancreas  —  p.  Mi- 
nus, see  Pancreas — p.  Petit,  see  Pancreas  —  p. 
Second,  Erunner's  glands. 

PANCREATAL'GIA,  from  -nayKpEag,  'the  pan- 
creas,' and  aXyoi,  'pain.'  Pain  or  disease  of  the 
pancreas. 

PANCREATEMPHRAX'IS,  from  -KayKptag, 
'  the  pancreas,'  and  epKppaacix),  '  I  obstruct.'  Ob- 
struction of  the  pancreas. 

PANCPi,EAT'IC,  Panereat'icus.  Same  etymon 
as  Pancreas.  Relating  to  or  aflfecting  the  pan- 
creas. 

Pancreatic  Arteries,  see  Pancreas — p.  Duet, 
see  Pancreas — p.  Juice,  see  Pancreas — p.  Nerves, 
see  Pancreas  —  p.  Veins,  see  Pancreas. 

Pancreat'ic  Sarco'ma  op  Ab'ernethy,  Em- 
pliy'ma  sarco'ma  pancreat'icum.  A  tumour,  in 
irregular  masses,  connected  by  loose  fibrous  sub- 
stance, like  the  irregular  masses  of  the  pancreas. 
Found  in  the  areolar  substance;  but,  more  usu- 
ally, in  lymphatic  glands,  chiefly  in  the  female 
breast. 

PANCREATI'TIS,  Inflamma'tio  pancrea'tis, 
(F.)  Inflammation  dii  Pancreas.  Inflammation 
of  the  pancreas ;  —  an  afi"ection,  tho  phenomena 
of  which  are  not  well  known. 

PAN'CREATOID,  from  TrayKpea;,  'the  pan- 
creas,' and  uSos,  'appearance.'  PancreatoVdes. 
A  tumour  resembling  the  pancreas  in  structure. 

PANCREATON'CUS,  from  TrayKptag,  'the  pan- 
creas,' and  oyKos,  'a  swelling.'  Tumour  of  the 
pancreas. 

PANCRENE,  Pancreas. 

PANGREUM,  Pancreas. 

PANDA'LEA,  Panda'levm.  A  kind  of  lozenge 
used  by  the  Arabian  physicians. 

PANDALEUM,  Pandalea. 

PANDALITIUM,  Paronychia. 

PANDEMIA,  Pandemic. 

PANDEM'IC,  Pan'dcmy,  Pande'mia,  MorhuB 
Pande'mius  seu  Pande'mus  seu  Pancoc'niis,  Pan- 
coeno'sus,  (¥.)  Pandemic;  from  irav,  'all,'  and 
ir)n<)i,  'peojile.'  An  epidemic  which  attacks  the 
whole  population. 

PANDEMIE,  Pandemic. 

PANDEMY,  Pandemic. 


PANDICULATION 


637 


PAPAVER 


PAjS^DICULA'TION,  Pandicula'tio,  Scordine'- 
ma.  Scordinis'inus,  Clonus  Pandicula'tio,  from 
pandere,  'to  stretch  out.'  Stretching,  Hal' ices, 
(pi.)  An  action,  which  consists  in  elevating  the 
upper  limbs,  and  throwing  the  head  and  trunk 
backwards,  at  the  same  time  that  the  lower  limbs 
are  extended.  This  series  of  motions  of  the  ex- 
tensor muscles  is  in  some  measure  independent 
of  the  will,  and  is  accompanied  with  yawning, 
which  is  equally  involuntary.  In  the  state  of 
health,  stretching  occurs  before  and  after  sleep ; 
especially  when  we  are  fatigued.  It  is  also  ob- 
served at  the  onset  of  certain  paroxysms  of  fever, 
hysteria,  &c. 

PANDOCE'UM,  PnndocM'um.,  Pandoc'ium, 
from  irav,  '  all,"  and  Six^aQat,  '  to  receive.'  An  inn 
that  receives  all  classes.  A  general  hospital,  or 
one  that  admits  all  cases. 

PANDOCHIUM,  Pandoceum. 

PANDOCIUM,  Pandoceum. 

PANHIDRO'SIS,  from  -av,  'all,'  and  'iSpmuig, 
'sweating.'  Sudor  universa'lis.  Sweating  over 
the  whole  bodv. 

PANHYPEREMIA,  Plethora. 

PANICAUT,  Eryngium  campestre — p.  Mari- 
time, Eryngium  maritimum. 

PANIC  GRASS.  ITALIAN,  Panicum  Italicum. 

PAN'ICUM  ITAL'ICUM,/f«Z')au  Panic  Grass, 
Indian  Millet,  Guinea  Corn,  Barhadoes  Millet, 
Mtl'ium  Jn'dicum,  Sore/hum,  Holcns  Sorghum,  (F.) 
Millet  des  oiseaux.  Nat.  Ord.  Gramineee.  The 
seed  —  Mil'ii  Sem'ina  —  ai'e  much  esteemed  in 
Italy,  being  a  constant  ingredient  in  soups,  and 
made  into  a  variety  of  forms  for  the  table. 

Paxicum  Milia'ceum,  P.mil'ium,  Common  Mil- 
let, Milium,  31.  Pan'iciim  seu  Esculentum,  Cen- 
chron,  Cenehrus,  (F.)  Millot  ordinaire.  Millet- 
seed  are  esteemed  a  nutritious  article  of  diet,  and 
are  often  made  into  puddings. 

Paxicum  MiLiuir,  P.  miliaceum. 

PANIS  CANICACEUS,  see  Canicaj— p.  Ciba- 
rius  seu  seeundarius,  Syncomistos  —  p.  Cuculi, 
Oxalis  a.eetosella  — p.  Porcinus,  Cyclamen. 

PANIVOROUS,  Paniv'orus,  from  panis, 
'bread,'  and  voro,  'I  devour.'  Subsisting  on 
bread. 

PANNI,  Swathing  clothes. 

PANNIGULE  CHARNU,  Panniculus  car- 
nosus. 

PANNICULUS,  diminutive  of  panniis,  cloth. 
A  piece  of  fine  cloth.     Pterygion. 

Paxniculus  Adiposus,  Cellular  membrane. 

Paxnicull'S  Caeno'stjs,  Tu'nica  camosa,  3Ius- 
cidar  Well,  Mantle,  (F.)  Pannicule  charmie,  is  a 
general  covering  found  in  the  quadruped,  and 
formed  by  a  thin,  subcutaneous  muscle,  which 
serves  to  move  the  skin.  It  exists  only  in  cer- 
tain parts  of  the  human  body,  —  as  in  the  fore- 
head, where  it  is  formed  by  the  occipito-frontalis; 
in  the  neck,  by  the  platysma  myoides ;  and,  in 
the  scrotum,  by  the  cremaster  muscle. 

Pansiculus  Cordis,  Pericardium — p.  Hyme- 
nteus,  Hymen  —  p.  Virginalis,  Hymen. 

PANNUS.  A  piece  of  cloth.  This  word  has 
several  other  meanings,  many  of  which  are  equi- 
vocal. It  means  a  tent  for  a  wound,  and,  also, 
an  irregular  nsevus  or  mark  on  the  skin.  —  Cas- 
telli.  Modern  ophthalmologists  apply  it  to  an 
opake  and  vascular  condition  of  the  anterior 
membrane  of  the  cornea,  almost  invariably  pro- 
duced by  the  continuance  of  purulent  or  strumous 
ophthalmia,  or  by  chronic  inflammation  of  the 
cornea.  This  part  becomes  nebulous,  covered 
with  red  vessels,  and  opake.  At  times,  the  scle- 
rotic conjunctiva  undergoes  a  similar  change  to 
that  which  occurs  in  the  corneal  portion. 

Pannus  Hepaticus,  Chloasma — p.  Lenticula- 
rls,  Ephelides. 


PANOCHIA,  Bubo. 

PANOPHO'BIA,  Pantopho'bia,  PanpTio'Ha, 
Pavopho'hia,  Athym'ia,  Pavor,  (F.)  Frayeur  noc- 
turne, Souci,  from  Ilav,  'the  god  Pan,'  and  (pajSoSt 
'fear.'  A  panic  or  fear  inspired  by  the  god  Pan, 
according  to  the  opinion  of  the  ancients.  Somo 
derive  it  from  ttov,  '  all,'  and  ipojios,  '  fear.'  This 
is  sometimes  morbid,  and  is  a  symptom  of  me- 
lancholy. 

PANOPHTHALMI'TIS,  from  Tray,  '  all,'  and 
opihthalmitis,  'inflammation  of  the  eye.'  Inflam- 
mation of  the  whole  eye. 

PANPHOBIA,  Panophobia. 

PANPLEGIA,  Pamplegia. 

PANSCLERO'SIS,  from  irav,  'all,'  and  okXt,- 
pwaig,  '  hardness.'    Complete  induration  of  a  part. 

PANSEMENT,  Dressing. 

PANSIES,  Viola  tricolor. 

PANSPER'MIA,  from  TOV,  'all,'  and  (rrtpfia, 
'sperm.'  The  theory  of  Dissemination  of  Germs, 
according  to  which,  ova  or  germs  are  disseminated 
over  all  space,  undergoing  development  under 
favourable  circumstances. 

PANTA60G0N,  Panchymagogum. 

PANTANENCEPHA'LIA,  from  Tav,  Tzavrog, 
'all,'  and  anencepha'lia,  absence  of  brain.  En- 
tire absence  of  brain — the  same  as  anencephalia. 
— G.  St  Hilaire. 

PANTATROPHIA,  from  nav,  'all,'  and  arpo. 
(pia,  '  atrophj'.'     Universal  atrophy. 

PANTHOD'IC,  Panthod' icus,  from  raf,  -rravTog, 
'all,'  and  'oSos,  'away.'  An  epithet  applied  by 
Dr.  Marshall  Hall,  to  a  course  of  nervous  action 
proceeding  from  one  point  in  all  directions  to 
every  other. 

PANTICES,  Intestine. 

PANTING,  Anhelatio. 

PANTOGANGLIITIS,  Cholera. 

PANTOPHAGISTS,  see  Omnivorous. 

PANTOPHAGUS,  Omnivorous. 

PANTOPHOBIA,  Hydrophobia,  Panophobia^ 

PANTOZOOTIA,  Panzootia. 

PANUS,  Phygethlon  —  p.  Faucium,  Stomato- 
panus  —  p.  Inguinalis,  Bubo. 

PANZOOT'IA,  Pantozootia;  from  irav,  'all,' 
and  ^wov,  'animal.'  An  endemic  or  epidemic 
disease  alfecting  animals  generally. 

PAP,  Nipple.  Also,  a  soft  food  made  of  bread 
boiled  or  softened  with  water. 

Pap,  of  the  Thhoat,  Uvula. 

PAPAS  AMERICANUS,  Solanum  tuberosum. 

PAPA'VER,  P.  somnif'erum,  Mecon.  The 
^]^lite  Poppy,  Papaver  sati'vum,  (F.)  Pavot  des 
Jardins.  Family  Papaveracea3.  Sex.  Syst.  Po- 
lyandria  Monogynia.  The  Capsule  of  the 
White  Poppy,  Go'dia,  KoiSia  or  Kn^ieia,  Sea'pihion, 
Papav'eris  Caput  vel  Cap'sula,  Mecon,  Poppy- 
head,  is  used  in  fomentation  as  an  anodyne  and 
relaxant,  to  inflamed  or  ulcerated  parts.  The 
expressed  oil  of  the  seeds  is  called  by  the  French 
Huile  d'CEillette.  It  is  from  the  poppy  that  Opiust 
—  called,  also.  Opium  Theha'icum,  Meco'nium, 
Opion,  3fanus  Dei,  Affion,  AmpMam,  AJium,  Oso- 
ron,  Lau'danum,  Mecon,  Sopio — is  procured.  It  is 
the  milky  juice  obtained  after  the  flowering  of 
the  plant,  by  making  longitudinal  incisions  in  the 
capsules  and  stalks.  It  is  commonly  obtained  from 
the  Levant  or  India,  where  the  poppy  grows  abun- 
dantly. Opium  is  a  compound  of  morphia,  nar- 
cotina,  meconic  acid,  codeia,  narcein,  meconin, 
caoutchouc,  fecula,  resin,  oil,  and  several  other 
substances.  Turkey  Opium  is  of  a  heavy  and 
slightly  fetid  odour.  Its  taste  is  nauseous,  hitter, 
acrid,  and  warm:  it  is  in  flat  pieces;  solid  and 
tenacious;  of  a  dark  brown  colour,  and  yellowish 
when  powdered ;  making  a  light  brown,  ini'er, 
rupted  streak  on  paper.     In  East  India  Opiums 


PAPAVEEACEUM 


638 


PAR 


the  otlonr  is  tbe  same,  and  empyreumatic ;  the 
taste  is  less  bitter,  but  more  nauseous,  and  the 
colour  darker.  The  varieties  of  opium  known  in 
commerce  are  the  Smyrna,  the  Constantinoj^le,  the 
Egyptian,  the  Persian,  and  the  Indian.  Opium 
is  stimulant  in  small  doses ;  sedative,  in  large  ; 
narcotic  and  anodyne;  operating  through  the 
nervous  system.  It  is  a  most  valuable  remedy 
in  all  painful  affections,  and  inflammations,  when 
given  so  as  to  produce  its  full,  sedative  effects, 
especially  in  peritonitis.  In  diarrhcea  and  dy- 
sentery, it  acts  as  an  astringent ;  in  intermittents, 
it  will  often  prevent  the  paroxysm.  In  typhus, 
in  small  doses,  it  acts  as  a  cordial ;  in  larger,  it 
allays  irritation  and  produces  sleep.  When  ap- 
plied externally,  its  narcotic  effects  are  developed: 
and,  hence,  it  is  a  useful  application  to  irritable 
sores,  painful  tumours,  &c.  Dose,  gr.  J  to  J  as  a 
stimulant ;  gr.  j  to  iv  as  a  sedative. 

Papaver  Gere  ale,  P.  rhosas  —  p.  Cornieula- 
tum,  Chelidonium  majus — p.  Erraticum,  P.  rhoeas 
— p.  Luteum,  Chelidonium  majus. 

Papaver  JSTtGRDM.  This  is  merely  a  variety 
of  the  white  poppy,  producing  black  seeds. 

Papaver  Rhceas.  The  systematic  and  phar- 
macopoeia! name  of  the  Red  corn-poppy,  Corn 
rose,  Papaver  errat'icum,  P.  cerea'le,  P.  rubncm, 
Rhceas,  (P.)  Coqnelicot.  The  heads  of  this  spe- 
cies, also,  contain  a  milky  juice  of  a  narcotic 
quality.  A  syrup  of  its  flowers  has  been  directed, 
which  has  been  esteemed  diaphoretic  and  slightly 
soothing;  but  is  more  admired  for  its  colour  than 
for  any  other  property. 

PAPAVERACEUM,  Opiate. 

PAPAVERCULUM,  Meconium. 

PAPAVERINUM,  Codeine. 

PAPAW  TREE,  Carica  papaya. 

PAPAYEE,  Carica  papaya. 

PAPER,  BLISTERING,  see  Sparadrapum 
vesieatoriuni. 

PAPIER  EPISPASTIQUE,  see  Sparadra- 
pum vesicatorium. 

PAPIL'LA,  P.  BlammtE,  Thele,  U'beris  apex : 

—  diminutive,  perhaps,  from  papa,  one  of  the 
earliest  cries  of  the  infant,  ascribed  to  a  craving 
for  food.  The  end  of  the  breast,  the  nipple.  An 
eminence  similar  to  a  nipple.  A  name  given  to 
small  eminences  more  or  less  prominent,  at  the 
surface  of  several  parts,  particularly  of  the  skin 
and  mucous  membranes,  in  which  latter  situation 
they  are  also  called  villi.  See  Villous.  They 
appear  formed  by  the  ultimate  expansion  of  the 
vessels  and  nerves,  and  are  susceptible,  ia  some 
cases,  of  a  kind  of  erection.  They  are  also  called 
PapiUcB  nervo'sm  sen  Ner'veas,  P.  Pyramida'les, 
Nervous  papillcB,  (F.)  Papilles  ou  Papilles  ner- 
veuses,  Houppes  nerveuses. 

Papilla  Lachrymalis,  see  Lachrymal  puncta 
— J.  Mamm»,  Papilla. 

Papill.e  Calyciformes,  see  Papillae  of  the 
todgue — p.  CnpitatD3,  see  Papillte  of  the  tongue 

-  -p.  Circumvallatre,  see  Papillfe  of  the  tongue — 
p.  Conical,  sec  Papillae  of  the  tongue — p.  Conoi- 
dal,  see  Papillre  of  the  tongue  —  p.,  Corpuscles, 
Pacinian — p.  Filiform,  see  Papillaa  of  the  tongue 

—  p.  Fungiform,  see  Papillas  of  the  tongue  —  p. 
Fungoid,  see  Papillre  of  the  tongue. 

Papilla;  of  tite  Kidney,  (F.)  Mamelons  du 
rein,  are  the  projections  into  the  pelvis  of  the 
kidney  of  the  apices  of  the  cones  —  Pyramids  of 
Malpiglii,  Pyrnm'idea  Malp>iqhia'na  —  of  the  tu- 
bular substance  of  the  organ.  They  are  also 
called  Proces'sits  mamilla.'res,  Carun'cidas  papil- 
la'res,  and  Papill'm  rennm. 

Papillae,  Lenticular,  see  Papilla}  of  the 
•cngue — p.  Maximre,  see  Papilla}  of  the  tongue 

—  i;.  Mcdi^t-,  see  Papillce  of  the  tongue — p.  Min- 


imse,  see  Papillse  of  the  tongue — p.  Mucosae,  see 
Papilla}  of  the  tongue — p.  ISTervea?,  Corpuscles, 
Pacinian,  see  Papilla} — p.  Nervous,  see  Papilla — 
p.  Pyramidal,  see  Papillee  of  the  tongue  —  p. 
Pyramidales,  see  Papilla — p.  Renum,  see  Papil- 
lae of  the  kidney — p.  Semilenticulares,  see  Papillae 
of  the  tongue. 

Papilla  of  the  Tongue  are  very  numerous 
and  marked.  They  are  observed,  particularly,  at 
the  upper  sui-fiice  of  the  organ,  and  are  distin- 
guished into — 1.  The  Lentic'ular  papillcB,  Papilla 
muco'sce,  P.  mao:'imcB,  P.  capita'tm,  P.  valla'tcB, 
P.  cirmmvalla'tcB,  P.  trunca'tm,  P.  calycifor'mes. 
They  are  arranged  at  the  base  of  the  tongue  in 
two  oblique  lines  having  the  shape  of  the  letter 
V;  and  united  angularly  at  the  foramen  cascum. 
They  have,  in  general,  an  ovoid  or  spherical 
shape,  and  have  seemed  to  be  mucous  follicles 
similar  to  those  of  the  palate,  lips,  <fcc.  2.  The 
Fun'giform  or  Fungoid  papillce,  PapiillcB  mc'dia, 
P.  Semilenticula' res,  are  of  indeterminate  number, 
but  always  more  numerous  than  the  preceding. 
They  are  irregularly  disseminated  near  the  edges 
and  the  point  of  the  tongue ;  have  a  rou.nded  and 
flattened  head,  supported  by  a  short  and  narrow 
footstalk.  Their  tint  is  whitish.  Of  their  real 
nature  we  are  ignorant.  3.  The  Con'ical,  Co- 
noid'al  or  Pyram'idal  'papillm,  P.  min'imtB,  P. 
villo'scB,  are  the  most  numerous  of  all.  Their 
arrangement  is  more  regular  in  the  forepart  of 
the  tongue  than  behind.  They  resemble  small 
cones ;  the  base  being  towards  the  tongue  and 
the  apex  free.  The  anterior  are  very  small,  and 
have  been  called  Fil'iform  papil'lce.  They  ap- 
pear to  be  produced  by  the  terminations  of  the 
filaments  ef  the  lingual  nerve,  and  are  surround- 
ed by  an  evident  vascular  network. 

Papilla  Truncat^e,  see  Papillse  of  the  tongue 
— p.  Vallate,  see  Papillae  of  the  tongue — p.  Vil- 
losEC,  see  Papillee  of  the  tongue. 

PAP 'ILL  ART,  Papilla' ris,  Pap'illous,  from 
papilla.  Of  or  belonging  to  the  nipple  or  to  the 
papillfB. 

Papillary  Body,  Corpus  papillare. 

PAPILLI-AUT-MAMMILLI-FOEMIS,  Mas, 
toid. 

PAPILLOUS.  Papillary. 

PAPOOSE  ROOT,  Caulophyllum  thalictroides. 

PAPPEA  CAPEN'SIS.  A  small  tree  of  the 
Nat.  Ord.  Sapindaeese,  common  in  Cafferland, 
the  fruit  of  which  is  called  Wild  Plums.  It 
furnishes  a  vinous  beverage,  and  excellent  vine- 
gar. Its  kernel  contains  an  oil,  which,  although 
eatable,  is  somewhat  cathartic,  and  is  recom- 
mended as  an  external  application  in  tinea 
capitis,  alopecia,  Ac. 

PAPPUS  AMERICANUS,  Solanum  tubero- 
sum. 

PAP'ULA.  A  pimple,  Exor'mia,  (F.)  Ronton, 
Bourgeon.  A  small,  acuminated  elevation  of  the 
cuticle,  with  an  inflamed  base ;  very  seldom  con- 
taining a  fluid,  or  suppurating,  and  commonly 
terminating  in  scurf  or  desquamation. 

Papula  form  the  first  order  of  Willan  and 
Bateman's  arrangement  of  cutaneous  diseases. 

Papula  Agria,  Lichen  agrius — p.  Fera,  Her- 
pes exedens — p.  Miliaris,  Miliary  fever. 

Papula,  Lichen — p.  Sicca;,  Lichen — p.  Sudo- 
ris,  Miliary  fever — p.  Sudorales,  Sudamina. 

PAP'ULOSE,  Papnlo'sus,  Pap'nlous,  Papula'- 
tns.  Pimpled,  from  ^ja^j»/(T.  Of  or  belonging  to, 
resembling,  or  covered  with,  papulre  or  pimnles. 

PAQUERETTE  VIVACE,  Bellis. 

PAR  NERVO'RUM,  Syz'ygi  iiervo'r,u,i.  A 
pair  of  nerves. 

Par  Opticum  Nervoruw,  Optic  nerve — p.  Pri- 
mum  nervorum  cerebri,  Olfactory  nerves  —  f), 
Quintum  nervorum  cerebralium,  Trigemini — p. 


PARA 


639 


PARALYSIS 


Secundum  nervorum,  Optic  nerve — p.  Septimum 
sive  faciale,  Facial  nerve  —  p.  Trigeminum,  Tri- 
gemini  —  p.  Trium  funiculorum,  Trigemini  —  p. 
Vagus,  Pneumogastric — p.  Visorius,  Optic  nerve. 
PARA,  Trapa,  a  common  prefix,  'by,  near,  con- 
trary to,  through,'  {per;)  'abf^ve  and  beyond,' 
{ultra:)  'besides,'  {pt-csier.)  In  certain  terms,  as 
in  Paracusis,  Pnrapsis,  Parabysma,  &o.,  used 
by  Dr.  Good,  para  means  a  defective  or  morbid 
condition. 

PARABAL'ANUS,  from  napa^aWnv,  {-rcafa,  and 

^aXXuv,  'to  cast,')  'to  expose  one-self.'     A  name 

given,  by  the  ancients,  to  a  person  who  devoted 

himself  to  the  service  of  the  sick  in  hospitals; 

and  particularly  during  epidemics  and  the  plague. 

PARABYS'MA,  from  irapa,  and  jSutiv,  'to  stuff.' 

Infarction  or  engorgement  of  an  organ — as  Para- 

hysma  Lie'nis,  Engorgement  of  the  spleen. 

Parabysma  MESENTERicniijTabes  mesenteriea. 

PARABYS'TIA,  same  etymon.     Engorgement 

or  inftirction  of  an  organ  with  blood. 

PARACELSIS'TA,  Paracel'sist,  Paraeel'sian ; 
from  Paracelsus.     A  follower  of  Paracelsus. 

PARACELSISTICA  MEDICINA,  see  Spagy- 
rists. 

PARACENTE'RIUM.  Same  etymon  as  the 
rest.  Woolhouse  has  given  this  appellation  to  a 
small  trocar,  employed  by  Nuck  for  punctming 
the  eye  in  cases  of  dropsy  of  that  organ. 

PARACENTE'SIS,  Perfora'tio,  Punc'tio, 
Ptinctu'ra,  Cenemhate'sis,  Cente'sis,  Compuno'tio: 
from  TTa^'UKivreio,  {irapa,  and  kcvtcii),  'I  pierce,')  'I 
pierce  through.'  Puncture.  The  operation  of 
tapping  to  evacuate  the  collected  fluid  in  ascites, 
ovarial  dropsy,  &o. 

Paracentesis,  Puncturing — p.  Thoracis,  Tho- 
racocentesis. 
'PARACENTETERION,  Trocar, 
PARACENTICIOIi,  Trocar. 
PARACHRCE'A,  from  irapa,  and  xP""i  '  colour.' 
Morbid  change  of  colour  of  the  surface,  especially 
of  the  face. 

PARACHROMA,  Achromatopsia. 
PARACHROSIS,  Decoloration. 
PARACINE'SES,  (G.)  P  ar  akinesien,  from 
Trapa,  'defective,'  and  Kivrjais,  'motion.'    Diseases 
of  the  motor  nerves  j  morbid  movements  of  vo- 
luntary muscles. 

PARACMASIS,  Decline. 

PARACMAS'TIC,  Paracmas'tieua,  from  ira- 
paKfja^o),  'I  decrease.'  Decreasing.  An  epithet 
for  a  distemper,  which  gradually  decreases.  Also, 
according  to  Galen,  the  period  of  life  when  a 
person  is  said  to  grow  old,  which  he  places  at 
from  35  to  49,  after  which  he  is  said  to  be  old  — 
a  definition  that  would  not  suit  us  at  the  present 
day. —  Gorrseus,  and  Castelli. 

PARACMASTICOS,  see  Aemastieos. 
PARACME,  Decline. 
PARACOE,  see  Cophosis,  Paracusis. 
PAPi,AC'OPE,  Paraph'ora,   Paracrn'sh,  from 
zapaKOTTToi,  '  I  strike  falsely.'     Delirium.     In  Hip- 
pocrates, it  means  the  slight  delirium  which  some- 
times occurs  in  febrile  diseases. 
PARACOUSIA,  see  Cophosia. 
PARAC'RISES,  (G.)  Parakrisien:  from 
irapa,  'defective,  morbid,'  and  Kpictg,  'secretion.' 
Diseases  of  the  secretory  function. — Fuchs. 
PARACRUSIS,  Paracope. 
PARACUSIS,  Cophosis.     Also,  perverted  au- 
dition. 

Paracu'sis  Acris,  Andi'tus  a' crior,  Paracu' eis 
arycofa,  from  napa,  'defective,'  and  oKovais,  'the 
act  of  hearing.'  The  hearing  painfully  acute, 
and  intolerant  of  the  lowest  sounds  ;  a  symptom 
In  otalgia,  epilepsy,  cephalitis,  and  febrile  affec- 
tions. 


Paracusis  Duplicata,  Double  tearing  —  p. 
Imaginaria,  Tinnitus  aurium  —  p.  Imperfecta, 
Double  hearing,  P.  perversa — p.  Obtuga,  Barye- 
coia — p.  Oxycoia,  P.  acris. 

Paracusis  Perver'sa,  P.  WiUisia'na,  P.  hn~ 
perfec'tn,  Perverse  hearing.  The  ear  only  sensi- 
ble to  articulate  sounds,  when  excited  by  other 
and  louder  sounds  intermixed  with  them.—  Good. 

Paracusis  Surditas,  see  Cophosis — p.  Willisi- 
ana,  Paracusis  perversa. 

PARACYCLE'SES,  (G.)  P  ar  aky  kl  es  en  , 
from  irapa,  'defective,  morbid,'  and  KvxXriats,  'cir- 
culation.' Diseases  of  the  blood  as  regards  its 
distribution  and  motion. —  Fuchs.  • 

PARACYESIS,  Pregnancy,  morbid.  Pregnan- 
cy, preternatural — p.  Abortus,  Abortion — p.  Tu- 
baria,  Salpingo-cyesis^ 

PARACYNAN'CHE,  {para  and  cynancJie.) 
Inflammation  of  the  external  muscles  of  the  la- 
rynx.    According  to  others,  a  slight  cynanche. 

PARESTHESIA,  Paresthesis— p.  Olfaetoria, 
Parosmia. 

PARESTHESIS,  Paresihesis  —  p.  AuditQs 
flacca,  Proptoma  auricularum. 

PARETHENAR,  Parathenar. 

PARAGEUSIS,  Ageustia.  Also,  perversion 
of  taste,  Parageu'sia,  Parageust'ia,  AUotriogeiis'- 
tia,  Gnstua  deprava'tus. 

PARAGEUSTIA,  Parageusis. 

PARAGLOSSA,  Paraglos'se,  from  vapa,  and 
yXtaaaa,  'the  tongue;'  Swelling  of  the  tongue; 
Dyspha'gia  Linguo'sa,  Glassomegis'tiis,  Macro- 
glos'sa,  Prolap'sus  lingua.  Sauvages,  under  the 
term  Paraglossa  deglutito'rta,  means  a  pretended 
doubling  of  the  tongue  into  the  pharynx,  (F.) 
Kenverseinent  de  la  langue.     See  Glossocele. 

PARAGOGE,  Abduction,  Coaptation. 

PARAGOMPHO'SIS,  Paragomphosis  cap'itis, 
fi»m  Txapa,  'by,'  'near,'  and  yoi^cpiiicns,  'a  nailing. 
Incomplete  wedging  of  the  head  of  the  child  in 
the  pelvis  during  labour. 

PAP  AKINESIEN,  Paracineses. 

PARAKRISIEN,  Paracrises. 

PARAKYKLESEN,  Paracycleses. 

PARALALIA,  Mogilalia  —  p.  Kasalis,  RHn«- 
phonia. 

PARALAMP'SIS,  TTapaXaixT^aig,  from  TtapoKaji 
TTu,  {vapa  and  XanTio,  'I  shine,')  'I  shine  at  thu 
side  of;'  3Iao'ida   eornem   margariia'cea,   Perla. 
A  cicatrix  on  the  transparent  part  of  the  eye. — 
Hippocrates. 

PARARELEMA,  Delirium. 

PARALLAGB,  Insanity. 

PARALLAGMA,  Glievauehement. 

PARALLAXIS,  Chevavchement,  Insanity. 

PARALLE'LA.  A  kind  of  scurfy,  cutaneona 
eruption,  affecting  the  palms  of  the  hands,  in 
parallel  lines,  and  symptomatic  of  the  venereal 
disease.  —  Forestus. 

PARALLELISM  OP  DISEASES,  Isopathia. 

PARALOGIA,  Delirium. 

PARALOPH'IA,  from  irapa,  'near,'  and  \oipia, 
'the  first  vertebra  of  the  back.'  The  lower  and 
lateral  part  of  the  neck,  near  the  vertebras. — KeiL 

PARAL  YSE,  Paralytic. 

PARAL  YSIE,  Paralysis— ^3.  Saturnine,  Palsy, 
lead. 

PARAL'YSIS,  Par'esis,  Re-sobi'tio  memlro'- 
riim,  R.  nervo'rum,  Cams  paralysis,  Catal'ysis, 
(F.)  Paralysie,  Resolution  des  mcmhres ;  Palsy, 
from  TtapaKvM,  {irapa  and  Xv(a,  'I  loosen,')  'I  relax.' 
Abolition  or  groat  diminution  of  the  voluntaj-y 
motions,  and  sometimes  of  sensation,  in  one  or 
more  parts  of  the  body. 

Palsy  is  said  to  be  local,  when  it  affects  only  h 
few  muscles.  When  it  extends  to  half  the  body, 
vertically  or  horizontally,  it  is  called  Eemiple'- 


PARALYTIC 


640 


PAEAPSI3 


gia  or  Paraple'gla.  It  is  commonly  symptoma- 
tic of  disease  of  the  brain  or  of  the  nerves  them- 
selves, and  is  a  frequent  accompaniment,  precur- 
sor, or  successor  of  apoplexy, — PhrenoparaV ysis. 
The  immediate  cause  is,  generally,  pressure, 
either  by  blood  effused,  or  by  serum,  or  by  vas- 
cular turgescence.  At  its  onset,  therefore,  blood- 
letting' may  be  advisable ;  but,  afterwards,  the 
disease  becomes  one  of  nervous  debility,  and  re- 
quires stimulants  —  to  the  paralyzed  parts,  or  to 
the  mucous  membranes,  —  frictions,  sinapisms, 
blisters,  the  moxn.,  baths,  electricity,  galvanism, 
purgatives,  and  the  nux  vomica,  which  last  has 
the  property»of  exciting  movements  where  the 
will  has  no  longer  power.  The  disease  generally 
admits  only  of  palliation,  and  is  extremely  apt  to 
recur. 

Paralysis,  Prinnila  veris. 

Paral'ysis  Ag"itans,  p.  treni'ula,  Syn'elonus 
halUs'mus,  Scelotyr'be  festi'nans,  Tremor,  Tromos, 
Shakincf  Palsy,  TremhUiig  Palsy.  A  variety  of 
tremor,  in  which  the  muscles  are  in  a  perpetual 
alternation  of  contraction  and  relaxation. 

Paralysis,  Bell's,  Bell's  Palsy,  Paral'ysis 
facia'lis,  Prosoparal'ysis,  Trismus  dias'trophe 
Sauvage'sn,  Dias'trophe  Gale'ni,  Hemiple'cjia  fa- 
cia'lis, Oris  tortu'ra  paralyt'ica  LinncB'i,  Ilemi- 
prosople'gia.  The  paralysis  of  the  face  induced 
by  a  lesion  of  the  portio  dura,  has  been  called 
Bell's  Palsy,  owing  to  Sir  Chai'les  Bell  having 
been  one  of  the  first  to  investigate  it  minutely. 

Paralysis  Beribekia,  Beriberi — p.  Extremi- 
tatum,  Acro-paralysis  —  p.  Facialis,  Paralysis, 
Bell's — p.  Hemiplegia,  Hemiplegia — p.  Intestini 
recti,  Proctoparalysis — p.  Intestinorum,  Entero- 
paralysis  — p.  Linguas,  Glossolysis — p.  Medulla- 
ris,  Paraplegia  —  p.  Metallica,  Palsy,  lead  —  p. 
Nervi  hypoglossi,  Glossoplegia — p.  Nervi  vagi  in 
parte  thoracica,  Asthma — p.  Nervorum  thoracis, 
Ac,  Stethoparalysis  —  p.  from  Poisons,  p.  Vene- 
nata—  p.  Hachialgia,  Colic,  metallic  —  p.  Satur- 
nine, Palsy,  lead — p.  Scorbutica,  Pellagra — p.  Spi- 
nalis, Paraplegia — p.  Tremula,  Paralysis  agitans, 

Paral'ysis  Venexa'ta,  Paralysis  e  vene'nis, 
Paralysis  from  poisons.  Paralysis,  the  result  of 
poisonous  substances — as  of  lead,  merc-ary,  arse- 
nic, ergot,  &c. 

Paralysis  e  Venenis,  P.  Venenata — p.  Ven- 
triculi,  Gastroparalysis. 

PARALYT'IC,  Parah/t'icw,  Paraly'zed,  PaV- 
eied,  (F.)  Paralyse.  Same  etymon  as  Paralysis. 
Affected  with  or  causing  paralysis. 

Paralytic  Stroke,  see  Stroke,  paralytic. 

PARALYZED,  Paralytic. 

PAPi/AME'NIA,  from  napa,  'badly,'  and  fxnv, 
*  a  month;'  Menstnia'tio  annm'ala,  Menses  anorii'- 
alce,  Mismenstruation.  Difficult  menstruation. 
Disordered  menstruation. 

Paramenia  Difficilis,  Dysmenorrhoea  —  p. 
Erroris,  Menstruation,  vicarious  —  p.  Obstructio- 
nis,  see  Amenorrhoea  —  p.  Profusa,  Menorrhagia 
— p.  Superflua,  Menorrhagia. 

PARAME'RIA,  irapaiujpia,  from  Tropn,  'about,' 
and  liipos,  'the  thigh.'  The  internal  parts  of  the 
thigh. 

PARAMESOS,  Annular  finger,  see  Digitus. 

PARAjSTEPI-IRI'TIS,  from  Trapa,  and  vcfptrig, 
'inflammatljn  of  the  kidney.'  Inflammation  of 
the  renal  capsules,  Irijlammu' tio  renum  succentu- 
7  lato'rnm. 

PARANOIA,  Delirium,  Dementia. 

PARANYMPH'US,  from  Trapa,  'near,'  and 
wni'T],  'a  young  spouse,'  'a  bride.'  A  name 
given  by  the  ancicnti  to  him  who  led  the  bride 
to  the  house  of  her  liusband.  Tlie  term  was 
adopted  into  the-  ancient  schools  of  medicine,  to 
designate  the  usual  discourse  pronounced  at  the 


end  of  the  prescribed  period  of  study  for  licen- 
tiate, in  which  the  qualifications  and  merits  of 
the  candidate  were  described. 

PARAPATHIA,  Pathomania, 

PARAPECHYON,  Radius. 

PAllAPHIA,.Parapsis. 

PARAPHIMO'SIS,  PeripMmo'sis,  Circum. 
ligatu'ra,  Phimo'sis  circumlir/a'ta,  Penis  lipv- 
derm'us,  from  Trapa,  'about,'  and  (pijjou),  '1  bridle.' 
Strangulation  of  the  glans  penis,  owing  to  the 
opening  of  the  prepuce  being  too  narrow.  It 
frequently  happens  in  persons  affected  with  phi- 
mosis, when  the  prepuce  has  been  pushed  vio- 
lently behind  the  base  of  the  glans,  during  copu- 
lation, &c.  In  paraphimosis,  the  narrow  and 
resisting  aperture  of  the  prepuce  forms,  behind 
the  corona  glandis,  a  kind  of  ligature,  which 
strangulates  the  part,  causes  it  to  swell  and  in- 
flame, and  even  to  become  gangrenous.  Attempts 
must  be  made  to  bring  back  the  prepuce.  These 
excite  considerable  pain,  yet  they  must  be  per- 
severed in  for  some  time  ;  and  should  they  not 
succeed,  the  rings,  formed  by  the  tumefied  pre- 
puce, must  be  cut  transversely,  and  the  antiphlo- 
gistic treatment  be  adopted. 

PARAPHOBIA,  Hydrophobia. 

PARAPHO'NIA,  from  napa,  and  (jiavrj,  'the 
voice.'  Affection  of  the  voice,  when  its  charac- 
ter or  timbre  is  less  agreeable. 

Paraphonia  Clangen's,  Oxyphonia  —  p.  Gut- 
turalis,  Asaphia  —  p.  Nasalis,  llhinophonia  —  p. 
Puberum,  Ilirquitalitas — p.  Rauca,  Raucedo — p. 
Ulcerosa,  Oxyphonia. 

PARAPHORA,  Delirium,  Paracope. 

PARAPHRENESIS,  Paraphrenitis  —  p.  Dia- 
phragmatica,  Diaphragmitis. 

PARAPHRENIE,  Insanity. 

PARAPIIRENI'TIS,  from  vapa,  'near,'  and 
(ppeves,  '  the  diaphragm  ;'  Paraphrene'sis.  A 
name  given  to  inflammation  of  the  diaphragm, 
(see  Diaphragmitis,)  which  was  supposed  alwaj's 
to  produce  delirium  :  —  as  well  as  to  the  delirium 
itself  accompanying  that  affection.    See  Phrenitis. 

PARAPHROSYNE,  Delirium. 

PARAPIIROTES,  Delirium. 

PARAPLAS'TTC:  Paraplast'icns,  from  jrapa, 
and  Tr'Xaa-TiKos,  'formative.'  Possessed  of  depraved 
formative  powers, — as  Carcinoma,  Encephaloma, 
Melanosis,  &c. 

PARAPLE'GIA,  Paraplex'ia,  Racliioparal'y- 
sis,  Rliachiople'gia,  Phachioparal'ysis,  Ifyelo- 
paral'ysis,  Paral'ysis  sj}ina'lis,  P.  Jledulla'ris, 
Cams  paralysis  paraple'gia,  from  napa,  dim.  par- 
ticle, and  TrXrjaaui,  'I  strike.'  Palsy  of  the  lower 
half  of  the  body,  including  the  bladder  and  rec- 
tum. It  is,  generally,  owing  to  disease  of  some 
part  of  the  cerebro-spinal  axis;  especially  of  the 
spinal  portion.  The  ancients  sometimes  used  the 
term  for  incomplete  apoplexy.  Some  authors 
have,  also,  made  a  distinction  between  paraple- 
gia and  paraplexia, — using  the  former  tor  partial 
apoplexy — the  latter  for  general  or  compilete  apo- 
plexy. 

PARAPLEURITIS,  Pleurodynia. 

PARAPLEXIA,  Paraplegia. 

PARAP'OPLEXl'',  Parapophx'in,  from  irapa, 
dim.,  and  airorr'Xi-i^ia,  'apoplexj'.'  False  apoplexy; 
a  soporous  state,  resembling  apoplex}' ;  and  espe- 
cially that  Avhich  occurs  in  the  paroxysms  of  per- 
nicious intcrmittents. 

PARAP'SIS,  Paraph' ia,  from  Trapn,  'defec- 
tively,' and  a-mopai,  'I  touch.'  Sense  of  touch 
or  general  feeling  vitiated  or  lost.  —  Good. 

Parapsis  Acris  Teneritudo,  Soreness  —  p. 
Expers,  Torpor,  Anrcsthesia — p.  Ulusoria,  Paeu- 
dtcsthesia — p.  Pruritus,  Itching. 


PAKARMA 


641 


PAEESTHESIS 


PARAEMA,  Fimbria. 

PARARRHYTHMICUS,  Pararrhythmus. 

VARARRIlYTR'MVSyPararrlnjth'wicusSrom 
irapa,  'dim./  and  pv&iioi,  'rhythm.'  An  epithet 
for  the  pulse,  when  it  has  not  the  rhythm  proper 
to  the  age  and  constitution  of  the  individual. 

PARARTHRE'MA,  Pararthro'ma,  Pararthre'- 
eis,  Paravthro'ais,  Parec'tasis,  Parastrep'sis,  from 
Trapa,  and  up-S-pov,  'a  joint.'  Incomplete  luxation; 
subluxation. 

PARACEPAS'TRA,  from  rrapa,  and  uKZTri^w, '  I 
cover.'  A  cap  or  bandage,  which  covers  the 
whole  head.  —  Galen. 

PARASCEUE,  Apparatus. 

PARAS'CHIDES,  from  irapa,  and  <r>fi^a),  'I 
cleave.'    Fragments  or  splinters  of  a  broken  bone. 

PAR'ASITE,  Parasi'tus,  from  wapa,  'near,'  and 
ciTos,  '  corn,'  '  food.'  Parasites  are  plants  which 
attach  themselves  to  other  plants ;  and  animals 
which  live  in  or  on  the  bodies  of  other  animals, — 
so  as  to  subsist  at  their  expense.  The  mistletoe 
is  a  parasitic  plant;  —  the  louse  a  parasitic  ani- 
mal. The  chief  parasitic  animals  are  the  PecZj'c'- 
vlus  huma'nua  001-2^ oris,  P.  cap'ltis,  P.  jiubis, 
Pulex  irri'tans,  P.  pen'etrans,  and  the  Ac'arus 
Sca'hiei. 

PARASIT'IC,  ParasU'ious,  Par'asitoid,  Pa- 
rasitoVdes.  Same  etj'mon.  Having  the  nature 
of,  or  resembling  a  parasite,  as  'parasitic  growths,' 
tubercles,  cancer,  &c. 

PARASITICIDE,  Antiparasitic. 

PARASITISMUS  INTBSTINALIS,  Helmin- 
thiasis— p.  Superficiei,  Malis. 

PARASITOID,  Parasitic. 

PARASPA'DIA,  from  napa,  and  irrau,  'I 
draw.'  A  preternatural  opening  of  the  urethra 
at  the  side  of  the  penis.  One  whose  urethra 
opens  in  this  manner  is  called  Paraspadia'iis 
and  Paraspadias. 

PARASPADI^US,  see  Paraspadia. 

PARAS'PHAGIS,  from  ira^a,  '  near,'  and 
c(payri,  'the  throat.'  The  part  of  the  neck  conti- 
guous to  the  clavicles. 

PARAS'TATA,  Paras'tates,  from  wapicTrini, 
{irapa,  and  lOTrji^i,)  'I  stand  near.'  The  prostate. 
In  Hippocrates,  it  means  the  epididymis.  The 
epididymes  were  called  by  Herophikis  and  Galen 
Varico'scB  parastatcB  to  distinguish  them  from 
fflandulo'scs  parastatcB  or  pi-ostate.  Rufus  of 
Ephesus  called  the  Tubffi  Fallopianaj  ParastatcB 
varico'scB. 

Parastata  Adenoides,  Prostate  —  p.  Glan- 
dula.  Prostate — p.  Glandulosa,  Prostate. 

PARASTATES,  Parastata. 

PARASTATI'TIS,  Ejiidkhjmi'tis ;  from  pa- 
rastata, '  epididymis,'  and  itis,  denoting  inflam- 
mation.    Inflammation  of  the  epididymis. 

PARASTREM'MA,  Paras' tro2)lte,  from  Trapac- 
Tpcdid),  {rrapa,  and  crTpc(f><j),  '  I  turn,')  '  I  distort  or 
pervert.'  Convulsive  distortion,  especially  of  the 
face,  the  soft  parts  being  drawn  laterally. 

PARASTREPSIS,  Pararthrema. 

PARASTROPHE,  Parastremma. 

PARASYNANCHE,  Cynanehe  parotidasa. 

PARASYSTOLE,  Acinesia. 

PARATH'ENAR,  Parcz' thenar,  from  rrapa, 
near,'  and  ^Evap, '  the  sole  of  the  foot.'  Winslow 
sailed  grand parathenar,  parathenar  major,  a  por- 
iion  of  the  abductor  of  the  little  toe,  musculus  acan- 
dula'tiiis;  axiA  petit  parathenar,  jiarathenar  mi- 
nor, the  short  flexor  of  that  toe. 

Parathenar  Major,  Abductor  minimi  digiti 
pedis — p.Minor,  Flexor  brevis  minimi  digiti  pedis. 

PARATHROMA,  Elongatio. 

PARATONIA,  see  Spasm. 

PARATOPIA,  Luxation. 
41 


PARATOP'I^;  from  irapa,  in  the  sense  cf 
change,  and  totto?,  'place.'  Diseases  in  which 
organs  are  removed  from  their  proper  position. 
See  Ectopia. 

PARATRIMMA,  Chafing. 

PARATROPE,  Apotropo. 

PARAT'ROPHY,  Parat'rophe,^  Paratro]^h'!a, 
from  napa,  '  dim,'  and  Tpo(pri,  '  nourishment.'  Mis- 
nutrition. 

PARDALIANCHES,  Aconitum. 

PARDALIANCHUM,  Aconitum. 

PAREC'TAMA,  Parec'tasis,  from  ir^pa,  'be- 
yond,' tK,  '  out  of,'  and  tuvoi,  '  I  stretch.'  Immo- 
derate extension  or  dilatation  of  a  part  —  as  of 
the  heart. 

Px\RECTASIS,  Pararthrema,  Parectama. 

PAREGOR'IC,  Paregor'icus,  So'piens,  from 
■napiiyopto)  (-rrapa,  and  ayopcvio),  '  I  soothe,  I  calm.' 

That  which  soothes  or  assuages  —  as  paregoric 
elixir.     An  anodyne. 

PAREIA,  Gena. 

PAREIRA,  see  P.  brava. 

Parei'ra  Brava,  Cissam'pelos  Pareira,  Pa- 
reyra,  Butua,  Pariera  brava,  Abu'ta,  Albu'tua, 
Botou,  Caa-peba,  Overo  butua,  Wild  vine.  Velvet 
leaf.  Family,  Menispermea}.  /Sex.  Sijst.  Dioecia 
Monadelphia.  The  root  of  this  plant  —  Pareira 
(Ph.  U.  S.)  —  a  native  of  South  America  and  the 
West  Indies,  has  a  sweet  taste  with  considerabla 
bitterness  and  slight  roughness.  It  has  been  re- 
commended in  nephritic  and  calculous  affections  j 
but  it  is  not  much  used. 

PAEELLE,  Rumex  hydrolapathum. 

PARENCEPHALIS,  Cerebellum. 

PARENCEPHALITIS,  Cerebellitis. 

PARENCEPHALOCE'LE,  from  7rap£y/c£^,aX<j, 
(rrapa,  and  eyK£tpa\os,  '  the  brain,')  '  the  cerebel- 
lum,' and  KvXrj,  '  a  rupture.'  Hernia  of  the  cere- 
bel'lum  ;  a  very  rare  disease.  It  occurs  under 
the  form  of  a  soft,  indolent,  or  slightly  painful 
tumour,  without  change  in  the  colour  of  the  skin, 
and  is  situate  in  the  occipital  region.  It  is  con- 
stituted of  the  cerebellum,  which  escapes  through 
an  aperture  in  the  occipital  bone.  Great  atten- 
tion must  be  paid  not  to  mistake  it  for  an  ordi- 
nary tumour,  as  its  extirpation  would  be  attended 
with  fatal  consequences. 

PARENCEPHALUS,  Cerebellum. 

PAREN'CHYMA,  Caro  parenchymat'ica  seu 
vis'ceriim  seu  viscera'lia  seu  vi-scero'sa,  Substan'tia 
parenchymctto'sa,  Procheu'wa.  The  texture  of 
glandular  and  other  organs,  composed  of  agglo- 
merated globules  united  by  areolar  tissue,  and 
tearing  with  more  or  less  facility.  Such  is  the 
texture  of  the  liver,  kidneys,  &c.  napeyx^vfjia 
signifies  in  Greek,  effusion,  [irapa,  ev,  and  ;\;uw,  '  I 
pour,')  and  it  was  believed,  that  this  tissue  con- 
sisted of  cflfused  blood  or  other  fluid. 

Parenchyma  Testis,  Pulpa  testis. 

PAREN'CHYMAL,  Parenchym'atons,  Paren'- 
chymous,  Parenchyma' lis,  Parenchymat' icua  ; 
same  etymon.  Belonging  or  relating  10  the  pa^ 
renchyma  of  an  organ. 

PARENCHYMATI'TIS;  from  xaptyxyixo.,  'pa- 
renchyma.,' and  itis,  denoting  inflammation.  Tn- 
fiamma'tio  j^arenchymat'ica.  Inflammation  of 
the  substance  of  an  organ, 

PARENCHYMATOUS,  Parenchym,.!. 

PAR'ESIS,  from  irapiripii, '  I  relax.'  Paralysis. 
According  to  some,  a  slight,  incomplete  paralysis, 
afi"ecting  motion,  not  sensation. 

PARESTHB'SIS,  ParcBsthe'sia,  or  PareatJie' 
sia,  Sensua  imperfee'tus,  from   n-apa,  '  defective,' 
and    aLcrOrfaii,    'sensation.'     Congenital   miscon- 
struction of  the  external  organs  of  sense.    A  g»- 


PAE.ETICA 


642 


PARORASTS 


nus  in  the  nosologj'  of  Good.     Also,  perversion 
of  sensibility. 

PARET'ICA  EXARTHRO'SIS.  Luxation 
from  relaxation  of  the  ligaments  of  a  joint. 

PARETICUS,  Relaxant. 

FARFUM,  Suffimentum. 

PARIERA  BRAVA,  Pareira  brava. 

PARIES,  Table. 

PARI'ETAL,  Parieta'Its,  from  ^jarje*,  pa- 
rietis,  '  a  wall.' 

Parietal  Artery,  see  P.  Bones. 

Parietal  Bones,  Ossa  parieta'lia,  Ossa  verti- 
ea'lia,  Ossa  ver'ticis,  Ossa  sincip'itis,  Ossa  breg'- 
matis,  Ossa  nerva'lia,  Ossa  tetrag'ona,  are  two 
fellow-hones,  occupying  the  lateral  and  upper 
parts  of  the  cranium,  in  the  formation  of  which 
they  assist.  They  have  a  quadrilateral  shape  : 
their  external  surface  is  convex,  and  presents,  at 
its  middle  part,  an  eminence  called  the  Parietal 
protuberance,  (F.)  Bosse  j)arietale.  Their  inner 
or  cerebral  surface,  which  is  concave,  has  a  de- 
pression that  corresponds  with  the  preceding 
eminence,  and  which  is  called  the  Parietal  fossa, 
Possa  parieta'lis.  Above  and  behind,  near  the 
superior  edge  of  these  bones,  is  a  foramen,  which 
does  not  always  exist,  called  the  Parietal  fora- 
men, Fora'men  parieta'le,  through  which  passes 
a  vein — parietal  vein — that  opens  into  the  supe- 
rior longitudinal  sinus  of  the  dura  mater,  and  an 
artery — parietal  artery  —  a  branch  of  the  occi- 
pital, which  ramifies  on  the  same  sinus.  Each 
parietal  bone  is  articulated  above,  with  its  fellow; 
below,  with  the  temporal  bone;  before,  with  the 
frontal;  behind,  with  the  occipital,  and  by  the 
anterior  and  inferior  angle  with  the  great  ala  of 
the  sphenoid.  Each  parietal  bone  is  developed 
from  a  single  point  of  ossification. 

Parietal  Poramen,  see  P.  Bones  —  p.  Fossa, 
see  P.  Bones  —  p.  Protuberance,  see  P.  Bones  — 
p.  Veins,  see  P.  Bones. 

PARIETA'RIA,  P.  officina'lis,  Helx'ine,  Vi- 
tra'ria.  Wall  p)el'litory,  (F.)  Parietaire  commune. 
Family  Urticese.  Sex.  Syst.  Polygamia  Moncecia. 
This  plant  grows  on  old  walls,  and  contains  much 
nitrate  of  potassa.  It  is  diuretic,  but  is  not  much 
used. 

Parieta'riA  Pennsylvan'ica,  Amer'ican  PeV- 
litory,  a  small  weed,  flowering  from  June  to  Au- 
gust, has  been  used  in  juice  or  decoction  as  a 
diuretic,  deobstruent  (?)  and  emmenagogue. 

PARI'ETES,  Plural  of  Paries,  'a  wall,'  (F.) 
Parois.  A  name  given  to  parts  which  form  the 
enclosures — the  limits  of  different  cavities  of  the 
body,  as  the  Parietes  of  the  cranium,  chest,  &o. 

PARIS,  P.  qiiadrifo'lia,  Sola'num  quadrifo'- 
lium,  Uva  inver'sa  seu  lupi'na  seu  vulpi'na,  One- 
herry,  Truelove,  (F.)  Parisette,  Raisin  de  Renard. 
It  possesses  narcotic  properties,  and  was  formerly 
considered  a  powerful  love  philter.  It  is  emetic, 
and  is  sometimes  used  externally  as  a  resolvent 
and  anodyne. 

PARISAGOGE  INTESTINORUM,  Intussus- 
ceptio. 

PARISETTE,  Paris. 

PARISTH'MIA,  napa,  and  i(r0//o?,  'the  throat.' 
A  word  employed  to  designate  the  tonsils,  and, 
likewise,  inflammation  of  the  tonsils.  Cynanche 
tonsillaris,  and  C3'nanche  in  general. 

PARISTHMIOT'OMUS,  from  7Tapi(T&,xia,  'the 
tonsils,'  and  rinviii,  'I  cut.'     An  instrument  with 
which  trie  tonsils  were  formerly  scarified. 
PARTSTTIMITrS.  Oynanche,  C.  tonsillaris. 
PARISTHMIUM,  Tonsil. 
PA  HIS  WORT,  Trillium  iatifolium. 
PARMAGITY,  Cetaeeura. 
PARMELIA  ISLANDICA,  Lichen  Tslandions 

•  p.  Plicata,  Lichen  plicatus  —  p.  Pulmonacea, 


Lichen  pulmonarius  —  p.  Roccella,  Lichen  roo- 
cella  —  p.  Saxatilis,  Lichen  saxatilis. 

PAROCHETEUSIS,  Derivation. 

PARODON'TIDES,  from  rap,  'near,'  and 
o&ovi,  '  a  tooth.'  Tumours  on  the  gums ;  parulis. 
<fcc. 

PARODYNIA,  Dystocia  —  p.  Perversa,  Pre- 
sentation, preternatural. 

PAROIS,  Parietes. 

PAROLE,  Voice,  articulated. 

PAROMPHALOCE'LE,  from  irapa,  'near, 
oii(pa\oi,  '  the  navel,'  and  (07X17,  '  rupture.'  Hernia 
near  the  navel. 

PARONIR'IA,  from  -Kapa,  and  ovtipov,  'a 
dream.'  Depraved,  disturbed,  or  morbid  dream- 
ing; Oneirodyn'ia  aeti'va,  Erethis'mus  oneiro- 
dyn'ia.  The  voluntary  organs  connected  with 
the  passing  train  of  ideas,  overpowered  by  the 
force  of  the  imagination  during  dreaming,  and 
involuntarily  excited  to  their  natural  or  accus- 
tomed actions,  while  the  other  organs  remain 
asleep.  —  Good. 

Paroniria  Ambulans,  Somnambulism — p.  Sa- 
lax.  Pollution. 

PARONY'CniA,  Paron'ycMs,  Paronyehi'iis, 
Pan'aris,  Redu'via,  Rediv'ia,  Relu'vin,  Vermis 
dif/'iti,  Panarifium,  Pteryrj'ium  dir/'iti,  Bigi- 
tium,  Pandalit"ium,  Passu,  Dactyli'tis,  Pana'- 
rium,  Onych'ia,  (F.)  Onglade,  from  irapa,  'near,' 
and  oi/uf,  'the  nail.'  The  ancients  gave  this 
name  to  an  inflammatory  tumour,  —  Onyxi'iis 
(Gross),  —  seated  near  the  nail,  and  involving 
the  pulp  or  matrix.  Some  of  the  moderns  have 
extended  it  to  inflammation  of  the  hand,  and 
even  of  the  forearm.  It  usually  means  every 
phlegmonous  tumour  of  the  fingers  or  toes,  and 
especially  of  the  first  phalanx.  Four  kinds  of 
paronychia  are  commonly  pointed  out:  1.  That 
seated  between  the  epidermis  and  skin,  called  in 
France  Toumiole.  2.  That  seated  in  the  subcu- 
taneous areolar  tissue.  3.  That  occupying  the 
sheath  of  a  tendon ;  and  4.  That  considered  to  bo 
seated  between  the  periosteum  and  bone.  The 
last  three  are  only  different  degrees  of  the  same 
disease,  constituting  Whitlow,  (F.)  Hal  d'aven- 
ture  :  —  the  worst  kinds,  in  English,  are  called 
Felon.  The  inflammation  generally  commences 
in  the  subcutaneous  areolar  tissue,  and  spreads 
to  other  parts,  occasioning  excessive,  lancinating 
pain,  owing  to  the  parts  being  put  upon  the 
stretch;  hence,  the  necessity  of  dividing  them 
freely,  —  even  down  to  the  bone,  when  there  is 
reason  to  believe  that  the  affection  belongs  to 
the  fourth  division,  —  making  use  of  emollient 
applications,  the  antiphlogistic  treatment,  and 
opiates  to  relieve  pain. 

Paronychia,  Asplenium  ruta  muraria — p.  Di- 
gitium,  Digitium. 

PARONYCniS,  Paronychia. 
PARONYCIIITIS.  Paronychia. 
PAROPHOBIA,  Hydrophobia. 
PAROPIA,  Canthus  (lesser.) 
PAROPLEXIA,  Paraplegia. 
PAROPSIS,  Dysa3sthesia  visualis  —  p.  Amau- 
rosis,   Amaurosis  —  p.    Cataracta,    Cataract  —  p. 
Glaucosis,  Glaucoma  —  p.  Illusoria,  Pscudoblep- 
sia  —  p.  Lateralis,  Dysopia  lateralis — p.  Longin- 
qua,    Presbytia  —  p.    Lucifuga,    Nyctalopia  —  p. 
Noctifuga,  Hemeralopia  —  p.  Propinqua,  Myopia 
—  p.  Staphyloma,  Staphyloma  —  p.  Staphyloma 
purulentum,  Hypopyon — p.  Staphyloma  simplex, 
Hydrophthalmia  —  p.  Strabismus,  Strabismus  — 
p.  Synezisis,  Synezisis. 

PAROPTE'SIS,  from  itapa,  dim.,  and  os-Tao*, 
'I  roast.'     Forcing  a  sweat  by  placing  a  patient 
before  the  fire  or  putting  him  in  a  dry  bath. 
PAROP>.A'SIS,  from  napa,  dim.,  and  cpaw,  'I 


PARORCHIDIUM 


643 


PARTICLES 


Bee.'  Perversion  of  sight,  wliieli  prevents  the 
person  from  judging  accurately  of  the  colour  of 
objects.  Achromatop'sia.  Hallucination. — Galen. 
PARORCHID'IUM,  from  napa,  dim.,  'some- 
thing wrong,'  and  opx^i,  '  testicle.'  Any  position 
of  one  or  both  testicles,  different  from  that  which 
they  ought  to  occupy  in  the  scrotum  ;  —  whether 
they  may  not  have  descended  through  the  abdo- 
minal ring,  or  are  drawn  up  to  the  groins  by  the 
cremaster  muscle. 

PAROR'CHIDO-ENTEROCE'LE,  Hernia 
paror'chido-enter'ica.  Intestinal  hernia  compli- 
cated with  displacement  of  the  testicle.  —  Sau- 
vages. 

PAROSMIA,  Anosmia.  Also,  perversion  of 
smell ;  ParcBsthe'aia  olfacto'ria,  Olfac'tus  depra- 
va'tus,  Id!os7/itcra'sia  olfacto'ria. 

PAROS'TIA,  from  Trapa,  'defectively,'  and 
oarcov,  'a  bone.'  Bones  untempered  in  their  sub- 
stance, and  incapable  of  affording  proper  sup- 
port. —  Good. 

Parostia  Flexilis,  MoUities  ossium — p.  Fra- 
gilis,  Fragilitas  ossium. 

PAROTIA,  Cynanche  parotidasa. 
PAROT'ID,  Gland' ida  porotidea,  G.  ad  Aures, 
Paro'tis,  Animel'lcE,  Alimel'lm,  Lacticin'ia;  from 
Trapa,  'about,'  and  ovs,  'the  ear.'  The  largest  of 
the  salivary  glands,  seated  under  the  ear,  and 
near  the  angle  of  the  lower  jaw.  It  is  composed 
of  many  separate  lobes,  giving  rise  to  excretory 
ducts,  which  unite  to  form  one  canal,  called  the 
Parotid  duct,  Steno'a  canal  —  the  Ductus  superior 
or  Superior  scdivary  canal  of  some.  This  duct, 
after  having  advanced  horizontally  into  the  sub- 
stance of  the  cheek,  proceeds  through  an  opening 
in  the  buccinator  muscle,  and  terminates  in  the 
mouth  opposite  the  second  upper  molaris.  About 
the  middle  of  its  course,  it  sometimes  receives 
the  excretory  duct  of  a  glandular  body,  situate 
in  its  vicinity,  and  called  the  Ac'cessory  Gland 
of  the  Parotid,  So'cia  Parot'idis,  Gland' ula  so'cia 
parot'idis.  In  the  substance  of  the  parotid  are 
found — a  number  of  branches  of  the  facial  nerve, 
of  the  transverse  arteries  of  the  face,  and  the 
posterior  auricular.  It  receives,  also,  some  fila- 
ments from  the  inferior  maxillary  nerve,  and 
from  the  ascending  branches  of  the  superficial 
cervical  plexus.  Its  lymphatic  vessels  are  some- 
what numerous,  and  pass  into  ganglions  situate 
At  its  surface  or  behind  the  angle  of  the  jaw. 
The  parotid  secretes  saliva,  and  pours  it  copiously 
into  the  mouth. 

Parotid,  Accessory  Gland  of  the,  see  Pa- 
rotid. 

Parotid  Apon^euro'sis.  A  sheath  of  great 
thickness,  continuous,  below,  with  the  cervical 
fascia.  It  forms  a  frame-work  to  the  parotid  by 
means  of  iibrous  prolongations  from  its  deep  sur- 
face. Its  density  accounts  for  the  pain  of  paro- 
titis, and  for  the  difficulty  with  which  pus  makes 
its  way  to  the  surface. 

Parotid  Arteries,  see  Parotid — p.  Duct,  see 
Parotid  — p.  Veins,  see  Parotid. 
PAROTIDE,  Parotis. 

PAROTIDOIST'CUS,  Tumor paro'tidis,  T.glan'- 
dvlcB  parotidecB,  from  naparK;,  'the  parotid,'  and 
oyKos,  'a  tumour.'     Swelling  of  the  parotid. 

PARO'TIS,  PMeg'mone  parotidea,  Jnflamma'- 
tio  paro'tidum,  Cynan'che  parotidcB'a,  Paroti'tis, 
Dioscu'ri,  (F.)  Parotide,  is  the  name  of  a  tumour 
seated  under  the  ear;  which  is  reddish,  hard,  and 
attended  with  obtuse  pain ;  the  progress  to  sup- 
puration being  slow  and  difficult.  Sometimes  it 
is  of  a  malignant  character,  sloughing,  and  long 
protracted.  Some  French  pathologists  restrict 
the  term  parotide  to  symptomatic  parotitis  —  as 
to  that  which  occurs  in  plague;  whilst  they  ap- 


ply the  terms   Oreillons  or  Ourles  to  Cynanche 
parotidtea  or  Mumps. 

Parotis  Contagiosa,  Cynanche  parotidasa  — 
p.  Epideniiea,  Cynanche  parotidasa  —  p.  Seroso 
giutine  tumens,  Cynanche  parotidsea — p.  Spuria, 
Cynanche  parotidaja. 

PAROTITIS,  Cynanche  parotidsea,  Parotis  — 
p.  Epidemica,  Cynanche  parotidsea — p.  Erysipe- 
latosa,  Cynanche  parotidasa — p.  Polymtrpha, 
Cynanche  parotidasa  —  p.  Specifica,  Cynanche 
parotidaaa. 

P AROVA'RIUM  :  from  irapa,  '  near ;'  and 
uyapiov,  '  the  ovary.'  A  body  closely  analogous  in 
structure  to  the  epididymis,  which  is  seated  be- 
tween the  Fallopian  tube  and  the  ovary  in  the 
broad  ligament.  The  Corpus  Wolffianum  con- 
curs in  its  formation.  — Kobelt. 

PAPb'OXYSM,  Paroxys'mus,  from  -izapo^wia, 
(irapa,  and  o^vveiv,  '  to  render  sharp.')  '  I  irri- 
tate ;'  Tm'petvs,  Insid'tus,  Inva'sio,  Exacerha' tio, 
Acces'sio,  Acccs'sus,  (F.)  Exacerlation,  Bedouble- 
ment,  Acces.  The  augmentation  which  super- 
venes at  equal  or  unequal  intervals  in  the  symp- 
toms of  acute  diseases.  Also,  a  periodical  exacer- 
bation or  fit  of  a  disease. 

PAROXYS'MAL,  Paroxysma'lis ;  same  ety- 
mon. (F.)  Paroxystique.  Of  or  belonging  to  a 
paroxysm  ;  —  as  a  p)aroxysyrwl  day,  (F.)  Jour 
paroxystique ;  a  day  on  which  a  paroxysm  of 
disease  occurs. 

PAROXYSMUS  FEBRILIS,  Pyrexia. 

PAR  OX  YSTIQ  UE,  Paroxysmal. 

PARS,  Genital  organs  —  p.  Corporis,  Genital 
organs  —  p.  Inferior  Pedis,  Sole  —  p.  Intermedia, 
see  Corpus  spongiosum  urethra;  ■ —  p.  Mastoidea 
of  Temporal  Bone,  Mastoid  process — p.  Natu- 
ralis  medicinee.  Physiology — p.  Obscoena,  Genital 
organs — p.  Petrosa,  see  Temporal  Bone — p.  Prima 
asperas  arterise.  Larynx  —  p.  Pyramidalis  ossis 
temporis,  see  Temporal  Bone — p.  Squamosa,  see 
Temporal  Bone  —  p.  Urethrse  membranacea,  see 
Urethra  —  p.  Vaga,  Pneumogastric  —  p.  Virilis, 
Penis.  •• 

PARSLEY,  COMMON,  Apium  petroselinum— 
p.  Fool's,  ^thusa  cynapium  —  p.  Macedonian, 
Bubon  Macedonicum — p.  Mountain,  black,  Atha- 
manta  aureoselinum  —  p.  Poison,  Conium  maeu- 
latum — p.  Spotted,  Conium  maculatum — p.  Wa^ 
ter,  Cicuta  maculata. 

PARSNEP,  COW,  Heracleum  spondylium, 
Heracleum  lanatum  —  p.  Garden,  Pastinaca  sa- 
tiva  —  p.  Meadow,  Thaspium  Barbinode  —  p. 
Water,  common,  Slum  latifolium. 

PAR  T,  see  Parturition  —  p.  Legitime  et  iUe- 
gitime,  see  Parturition. 

PARTES  GENERATION!  INSERVIEN- 
TES,  Genital  organs  —  p.  Genitales,  Genital  or- 
gans —  p.  Laterales  nasi,  Scapulas  nasi — p.  Ner- 
vosae,  see  Nerve  —  p.  Obscoena,  Genital  organs. 

PARTHENEIA,  Virginity. 

PARTHENIUM  FEBRIFUGA,  Matricaria  — 
p.  Mas,  Tanacetum. 

PARTHEN'IUS,  {3forhus ;)  from  TrapOivos,  'a 
virgin.'  A  disease  in  a  young  female.  Also, 
chlorosis. 

PARTHENOGEN'ESIS;  from  r-apdevog,  'a. 
virgin,'  and  ysveais,  'generation.'  The  successive 
production  of  procreating  individuals  from  a 
single  ovum.  —  Owen. 

PARTHENOL'OGY,  Part7ienolor;"ia,_  from 
irapOsveia,  'virginity,'  and  Xoyo;,  'a  description.' 
A  description  or  consideration  of  the  state  of  vir- 
ginity in  health  or  disease. 

PARTHENUS,  Virgin. 

PARTIALIS,  Local. 

PARTICLES,  PRIMITIVE,  OF  MUSCLES, 
Sarcous  Elements. 


PARTIES 


644 


PAETUEITION 


PARTIES,  LES,  Genital  organs—^.  Gini- 
tales,  Genital  organs — ^3.  Honteiises,  Genital  or- 
gans—  p.  Genitoires,  Genital  organs — j)-  -^^atu- 
relles,  Genital  organs  — ^j.  Nohles,  Genital  organs 
— p.  Sexuelles,  Genital  organs. 

PARTIO,  Parturition. 

PARTRIDGE-BERRY,  Gaultheria,  Mitehella 
repens. 

PARTS,  THE,  Genital  organs. 

PARTURA,  Parturition. 

PARTU'RIENT,  Partu'riens,  from  parturire, 
itself  from  parere,  '  to  bring  fortE?  Bringing 
forth,  or  about  to  bring  forth,  or  having  recently 
brought  forth.  —  Young. 

The  Parturient,  Puer'pieroug,  GJiildhed,  or  L-ij- 
ing-in-state,  Piierjie'rium,  requires  careful  man- 
agement, and  is  subject  to  various  diseases. 

A  Partu'rient  or  Parturifa'cient  is  a  medicine 
which  induces  or  promotes  labour  ;  as  ergot,  and, 
perhaps,  borate  of  soda,  see  Abortive. 

PARTURIFACIENT,  Parturient. 

PARTURIGO,  Parturition. 

PARTURIT"I01Sr,  Puerpe'rium,  Partus,  Par- 
tia,  ParturWio,  Parturi'go,  Partu'ra,  Tocos, 
To'cetos,  Texis,  Lochi'a,  Apocye'sis,  3Iaeeu'sis, 
Maieu'sis,  Nego'tmm  seu  Actus  parturitio'nis, 
Enix'us  seu  Enix'iofcetus,  Expul'sio  fcetus,  ApoV- 
ijsis,  Labour,  Child-bearing,  Child-birth,  Trav'ail, 
{¥.)  Accouchement,  Couche,  Travail  d'Enfant. 
The  delivery  of  the  foetus  and  its  appendages. 
Labour  is  the  necessary  consequence  of  concep- 
tion, pregnancy,  and  the  completion  of  gestation. 
It  does  not  take  place,  at  the  full  time,  until  after 
nine  months  of  utero-gestation, — the  causes  pro- 
ducing it  being  the  contraction  of  the  uterus  and 
abdominal  muscles.  By  different  authors,  the 
stages  of  labour  have  been  variously  divided. 
We  may,  perhaps,  admit  of  four.  Iha  first  stage 
comprises  the  precursory  signs.  One,  two,  or 
three  days  before  labour,  a  mucous  discharge, 
streaked  with  blood,  takes  place  from  the  vagina, 
which  is  called  the  Signum,  Zeucorrhce'a  Nabo'- 


fhi,  IIcBmnrrhag"ia  Nabothi,  Labour-sTiow,  OF 
Show;  and,  along  with  this,  trifling  grinding 
pains,  called  by  the  French  Slouches,  are  felt  in 
the  loins  and  abdomen.  Second  stage  : — Peculiar 
pains,  which  extend  from  the  lumbar  region  to- 
wards the  uterus ;  tension  and  'dilatation  of  the 
neck  and  orifice  of  that  organ;  protrusion  into 
the  vagina  of  the  envelopes  of  the  foetus,  forming 
the  bag  of  waters,  (F.)  Poche  dea  eanx  ;  and  rup- 
ture or  breaking  of  the  waters.  Third  stage  :  — 
Contractions  of  the  uterus  and  abdominal  mus- 
cles; forcing  pains;  the  head  of  the  foetus  be- 
comes engaged  in  the  pelvis;  the  occiput  being 
commonly  situate  above  the  left  acetabulum, 
passes  beneath  the  arch  of  the  pubis.  Fourth, 
stage:  — the  head  now  presents  at  the  vulva,  the 
perineum  being  considerably  distended ;  at  length 
it  clears  the  external  parts,  and  the  rest  of  the 
body  Is  easily  disengaged.  The  child  still  con- 
tinues attached  to  the  mother  by  the  umbilical 
cord,  which  has  to  be  divided.  In  the  course  of 
fifteen  or  twenty  minutes,  trifling  pains  occur,  and 
the  secundines  are  expelled.  This  completes  de- 
livery. In  by  far  the  majority  of  cases,  the  head 
is  the  presenting  part,  the  occiput  directed  ante- 
riorly, and  the  face  posteriorly.  Of  12,633  chil- 
dren, born  at  the  Hospital  La  Ilaternitc,  in  Paris, 
from  the  10th  of  December,  1797,  to  the  31st  of 
July,  1806,  the  following  were  the  presentations: 
The  head,  with  the  face  posteriorly...  12,120 

The  head  anteriorly 63 

The  breech 198 

The  feet 147 

The  knees 3 

Other  positions 102 

12,633 
The  following  table,  drawn  up  from  data  fur- 
nished by  Velpeau,  gives  an  approximative  view 
of  the  comparative  number  of  presentations,  ac- 
cording to  the  experience  of  the  individuals  men- 
tioned : 


TABLE,  EXHIBITING  THE  RATIO  OF  PRESENTATIONS  IN  1000  CASES. 


1 

ACCORDING  TO                                                                      1 

Merri- 

Blind. 

Madame 
Boivin. 

Madame 
Lacha- 
pelle. 

NSegle. 

Lovati. 

Hospital 
of  ihe 
Faculte. 

Boer. 

Rowiiiar,  or  of  the  vortex 

924 

908 

2.2 

36 
12.7 

23 

6.6 
16 
3.3 

944 

2.6 

28 
9.4 

13 

4.7 

4.7 
5.2 

969 

944 

7C0 

179 
0.29 
9.4 
5.3 
4.4 
3.6 

29 

0.19 
18 
4.6 
4.6 

4.77 

033 
910 
717 

209 

9 

7.3 

2.9 

4.6 

2.6 

36 

U 
0.40 

"2 

~5.3 
3.4 
7.8 
0.53 

933 

47 

4.8 
3G 
7.2 
2!4 

911 

895 
537 

980 

8.8 

29 
10.3 

19 

5  7 
5.9 
1.5 

a.  Occipito-cotyloid  (left) 

Do.               (right) 

b               Do               (.riglit) 

Mento-iliac  (right) 

Of  tlie  pelvis 

Of  the  foot 

Of  the  trunk 

Cephalotomy 

Labour  has  received  different  names,  according 
to  the  period  of  pregnancy  at  which  it  occurs,  and 
the  mode  in  which  it  takes  place.  It  is  called 
miscarriage  or  abortion,  prior  to  the  seventh 
Tflonth  ;  premature  labour,  Omotoc'ia,  Partus  j^ra- 
•:ox  seu  prcematu'rus,  between  this  and  eight 
months  and  a  half;  and  labour  at  the  full  period, 
(F.)  Accouchement  d  terme,  when  it  happens  at 
the  end  of  nine  months.  Labours  have  likewise 
l>een  variously  divided  by  difl'erent  authors.  Per- 
hapsf  the  one  into  Natural,  Preternatural,  and 


Laborious,  is  as  common  as  any; — natural  La- 
bour meaning  that  which  would  occur  without 
manual  assistance;  preternatural,  requiring  the 
assistance  of  art,  but  by  the  hand  solely :  and 
laborious,  requiring  instrumental  assistance; 
which  M.  Capuron  calls  Accouchement  Media- 
niqne,  Powerless  labour,  the  Inertia  par  epuise- 
ment  of  Madame  La  Chapelle,  is  that  in  which  the 
muscular  powers  from  exhaustion  are  unable  to 
accomplish  delivery. 
The   French  use   the   term  Part,  Partus,  at 


\ 


PAE,TUIlITIO]Sr 


645 


PARTURITION 


times,  synonymously  witli  delivery;  at  others, 
with  /ostus,  Ji faieii' ma,  Maeeii'ma.  Suppression 
de  part  mea,ns  concealment  of  delivery ;  Part 
legitime,  a  fcetus  which  comes  into  the  world  with 


the  condition  necessary  for  its  enjoying  advan- 
tages granted  by  law ;  and  Part  illeffitime,  one 
that  does  not  fall  under  those  conditions. 


TABLE  OP  THE  COURSE  AND  MANAGEMENT  OF  DIFFERENT  KINDS  OF 

LABOURS. 


Natural  Labours, 
Or  tJiose  in  ivhich  Delivery  can  he  effected  ■ 


itJiout  Assistance. 


FJe\d  Presenting. 

(Four  Posilions.) 


f  The  head  with  the  chin  bent  upon  the  breast  clears  Die 
1.  Occiput    towards    the  Left]      pnm  of  the  pelvis.  JVIotion  of  rotation  produced  l.y  Uie 


Jiceiabulum. 


'<! 


2.  Occiput  towards  the  Right 
Acetabulum. 


Lower  Extremi- 
ty Presenting. 

(Four  Positions  of  ■{ 
the  Feet,  Knees 
and  Breech) 


nclined  planes  of  the  pelvis;  the  occipital  protuheran 
is  carried  behind  the  symphysis  pubis,  and  the  face 
towards  ihe  hollow  of  the  sacrum. 
The  head  attains  the  outlet :  clears  it ;  the  occiput  being 
first  disengaged,  and  the  face  afterwards,  which  passes 
successively  along   the   whole   of  the   hollow   of  the 

<;  sacrum.  'J'he  shoulders  enter  the  brim  diagonally ; 
and  execute  the  movement  of  rotation.  The  one  be- 
hind first  clears  the  outlet.  The  same  thing  occurs 
with  the  nates. 

r  The  same  course  is  here  followed :  except  that  after  the 

3.  Occiput  towards   the  Riffht)     rotary  movement,  the  face  passes  behind  the  symphysis 
Sacroiliac  Si/mphijsis.  "i     pubis,  and  the  occiput  into  the  hollow  of  the'  sacrum. 

(     The  occiput  is  first  extruded  ;  —  the  face  next. 
rWhen    the  chin  presents    and   is   turned   forwards,  the 
J     n..-„„f  f„       J,    ,i,„    T,f,\      face  is  first  expelled;  the  head  is  thrown  backwards. 

4.  Occput   towards    the  Lefl^      .j,^.^  presentation  is  uncommon.     If  the  chin  present 
Sacro-ihac  Symphysts.  ,      ^nd  be  thrown  backwards,  natural  delivery  cannot  be 

[     etlected. 
f  (  The  nates  enter  the  brim  diagonally ;  movement  of  rota- 

)  tion :  the  one  passes  behind  the  symphysis  pubis;  the 
^  other  towards  the  hollow  of  the  sacrum.  The  one  be- 
(      hind  is  first  extruded. 

f  The  same  thing  happens  to  the  shoiilders.    The  chin  is 

Sacrvm.  to-  I      bent  upon  the  chest  to  clear  the  brim  :  movement  of 

rotation :   the   occiput   passes   behind   tlie   symphysis 

I      pubis,  and  the  face  towards  the  hollow  of  the  sacrum. 

[     The  face  clears  the  outlet  first ;  the  occiput  last. 


1.  Heel,  Tibia,  or  Sacrum  to 
wards  the  Left  Acetabulum. 


2.  Heel,  Tibia,  o 

wards   the    Right   jlcelabu-i 
lum. 


3.  Heel,  Tibia,  or  Sacrum  to-  f 
I  " 
I 


L  Presentation  op  the 
Head,  Upper  Extremi- 
ties, Back,  Abdomen, 
&:c. 


General  Observations.  ■{ 


wards  the  Right  Sacro-iliac  I  The  same  progress,  except  that  after  the  movement  of 
Si/mphijsis.  }      rotation,  Ihe  face  is  towards  the  pubis,  and  the  occiput 

4.  Heel,  Tibia,  or  Sacrum,  to-)      towards  the  sacrum.     The  face  is  here  again  delivered 
wards    the  Left   Sacro-iliac  i      first. 
Symphysis.  I 

II.  Preternatural  Labours, 

Or  those  loTiich  require  Ifanual  Assistance  only. 

'1.  When  the  labour  is  without  any  serious  complication,  and  the  head  is  not 
in  a  good  position  at  the  brim  of  the  pelvis,  endeavours  are  to  be  made  to 
place  it  in  its  natural  position:  the  hand  to  be  introduced  with  the  fingers 
united,  and  the  long  diameter  of  the  head  to  be  placed  diagonally  in  the 
brim,  if  possible.  Or  the  lever  may  be  fixed  over  the  occiput,  and,  by  draw- 
ing it  down,  a  closer  approximation  of  the  chin  and  chest  may  bo  effected ; 
the  position  of  the  head  to  the  pelvis  being  at  the  same  time  attended  to. 
If  complicated  with  syncope,  convulsions,  hemorrhage,  want  of  uterine 
action,  &c.,  the  feet  must  be  laid  hold  of,  and  the  child  turned.  For  this 
purpose,  empty  the  rectum  and  bladder;  and  turn,  if  possible,  prior  to  the 
escape  of  the  liquor  amiiii.  The  female  may  be  placed  on  her  hack  or  left 
side,  with  the  breech  over  the  edge  of  the  bed.  Use  the  right  or  left  hand, 
according  as  the  feet  of  the  child  are  to  the  right  or  left  side  of  the  pelvis; 
always  so  introducing  the  hand,  that  the  child  shall  be  in  its  palm,  and  the 

i  back  of  the  hand  opposed  to  the  inner  surface  of  the  uterus.  The  hand  and 
arm  to  be  introduced  during  an  interval  of  pain  ;  and  they  must  be  flattened 
and  tranquil  whilst  the  uterus  is  contracting  forcibly.  If  both  feet  cannot 
be  readily  brought  down,  seize  one,  and  tie  a  fillet  around  it. 
3.  If  the  toes  point  to  the  vertebral  column,  or  to  the  abdomen  of  the  mother, 
the  head,  in  its  descent,  will  not  enter  the  pelvis:  the  chin  and  occiput  will 
be  hitched  on  the  pubis  and  promontory  of  the  sacrum.  In  such  case,  grasp 
the  nates  as  soon  as  they  have  passed  the  os  externum  ;  and,  during  a  pain, 
endeavour  to  direct  the  toes  towards  either  sacro-iliac  synchondrosis.  When 
the  fingers  can  be  passed  along  the  body  of  the  child,  and  over  the  shoulders 
to  the  bend  of  the  elbows,  draw  down  the  arms  successively.  When  the  body 
is  expelled,  and  the  head  filling  up  the  brim,  the  termination  of  labour  must 
be  accelerated  by  passing  two  fingers  over  the  nhoulder  of  the  child  ;  using 
moderate  and  steady  extracting  power,  whilst  one  finger  of  the  other  hand, 
passed  into  the  mouth,  depresses  the  chin  on  the  sternum.  In  this  way,  tJie 
head  may  be  extracted. 

III.  Instrumental  Labours, 

Or  those  requiring  the  Assistance  of  appropriate  Tnatrumenfa. 

If  the  pains  become  feeble,  or  inadequate  from  any  cause  ;— or  if  the  presenting 
part  be  firmly  wedged  in  the  pelvis;  or  the  woman  be  becoming  exhausted, 
instrumental  assistance  may  be  reqiiireil.  In  all  such  cases,  place  the  female 
on  the  back  or  left  side,  empty  the  bladder  and  rectum  ;  wait  till  the  os  uteri 
is  in  a  fit  state  ;  afford  assistance  during  the  pains  ;  introduce  the  instrument 
during  the  intervals  between  the  pains;  have  the  patient  ou  her  left  side 
(generally);  and  extract  according  to  the  axes  of  brim  and  outlet,  as  the  case 
may  be. 


PAr.TURITIOX 


646 


PAS3E-PIEERE 


1.  Short  Forceps. 

2.  Lovg  Forceps. 

3.  Lever  or  Veclis. 

4.  Fillet  and  Blunt  Hook. 


f  Apply  llifse  to  the  ?i;ips  of  the  head  of  the  child,  so  that  the  ears  and  parjptal 
I  proliibiTances  may  be  within  the  fenestra.  Introduce  the  lefi-hand  blade 
first;  the  index  and  middle  fincers  fif  the  right  hand  guiding  it  to  ihe  ear. 
I  With  the  right  hand  pass  the  other  in  an  opposite  line,  corresponding  with 
{  the  course  of  the  first  blade,  guided  by  the  fore  and  middle  fingers  of  ihe  left 
I  hand;  the  third  and  little  fingers  being  employed  to  retain  the  left-hand  blade 
in  place  ;  humour  the  instrument  so  as  to  allow  the  blades  to  lock.  The 
I  handles  may  now  be  tied  gently  together.  The  force  used  must  be  from  blaue 
I.     to  blade,  with  a  gentle,  tractile  efi'ort. 

f  Applicable  where  the  head  does  not  enter  the  brim.  The  long  forceps  mnst  be 
1  applied,  in  most  cases,  over  the  occiput  and  face  of  the  child,  so  that  the 
\  convex  edges  of  the  blades  may  be  towards  the  hollow  of  the  sacrum. 
I  When  used,  the  power  may  be  exerted  from  side  to  side,  with  moderate 
y     traction. 

i  The  lever  is  applicable  to  the  same  cases  as  the  forceps.    It  must  not  be  used 
<      strictly  as  a  lever,  but  as  a  hook  with  which  to  draw  downwards.     It  may  be 
(      applied  to  any  part  of  the  head,  but  is  generally  hitched  on  the  occiput. 
(  In  certain  cases  of  breech  and  knee  presentation,  where  the  hand  is  insufficient. 
■^      it  may  be  necessary  to  pass  over  the  joint  a  fillet,  or  the  blunt  hook,  witli 
(      which  to  exert  some  force  of  traction.     The  operation  is  very  simple, 
f  Disproportionate  size  of  head,  or  distorted  or  deformed  pelvis,  may  require  the 
child  to  be  destroyed,  and  its  bulk  lessened ;  or  the  Ca;sarean  section  or  sym- 
physotoniy,  or  the  induction  of  premature  labour  may  be  called  for. 
The  instruments  required  here,  are  the  Perforator,  Crotchet,  and   Craviolomy 
Forceps.     Make  a  steady  pressure  on  the  abdomen  ;  pass  two  fingers  of  the 
left  hand  up  to  the  head:  feel  for  a  suture  or  fontanelle;  introduce  Ihe  per- 
forator and  bore  through,  until  the  progress  of  the  instrument  is  arrested  by 
its  shoulders.     Open  the  handles,  and  turn  the  instrument  in  difierent  direc- 
tions, so  that  the  opening  may  be  large  enough  to  admit  the  perforator,  with 
which  the  brain  must  he  broken  down. 
If,  after  this,  delivery  cannot  be  accomplished  without  further  aid,  pass  up  the 
craniotomy   forceps;  open    the   handles   slightly,   and   introduce    the  blade 
without  teeth  within  the  cranium.    On  closing  the  forceps,  ahold  is  obtained; 
and  a  tractile  force  can  now  be  exerted  during  the  pains,  and  the  extrusion 
of  the  child  be  efi^cted. 
Should  great  difficulty  exist  at  the  brim,  the  hones  at  the  top  of  the  head  may 
have  to  be  removed,  until  the  base  alone  remains.    Tlie  chin  must  then  be 
brought  through  first. 
The  crotchet  is  often  used  instead  of  the  craniotomy  forceps,  being  passed  into 
the  opening  made  by  the  perforator,  and  hooked  upon  some  bony  projection 
in  thi:  interior  of  the  skull ;  but  it  is  not  a  good  instrument.    In  presentations 
of  the  face  demanding  perforation  of  the  cranium,  the  perforator  should  be 
introduced  just  above  the  nose,  in  the  sagittal  suture. 
When  it  is  necessary  to  open  the  head  after  the  lower  extremities  have  been 
\     expelled,  the  perforation  must  be  made  l)ehind  the  ear. 
In  cases  of  great  narrowness  of  the  pelvis,  the  operation  of  Symphysotomy  has 
been  adopted  by  French  practitioners— rarely  by  British  or  American;  and, 
in  extreme  cases,  recourse  has  been  had  to  the  Cesarean  Section. 
f  If  the  body  of  the  foetus  has  been  forcibly  separated,  and  the  head  left  in  the 
uterus,  it  must  be  laid  hold  of  with  one  hand,  and  the  forceps  be  applied :  or 
the  hf^ad  be  opened  and  delivered,  as  under  embryulcia.     Should   the  head 
have  been  brought  away,  and  the  body  left  behind,  the  feet  must  be  brought 
l_     down. 

fin  cases  of  narrowness  of  the  pelvis,  where  the  foetus,  at  the  full  term,  cannot 
I  be  born  alive,  delivery  may  be  brought  about  at  an  earlier  period,  or  as  soon 
I  as  the  child  is  capable  of  carrying  on  its  functions  independently  of  the 
mother. 
The  n)ost  advisable  plan  for  accomplishing  this  object  is  merely  to  pass  the 
j  finger  round  and  round  within  the  os  and  cervix  uteri,  so  as  to  detach  the 
I  decidua  ;— the  membranes  beinc  thus  left  entire,  and  the  life  of  the  child  not 
I  so  much  endangered,  as  where  the  membranes  are  punctured,  and  the  waters 
1^     evacuated.    Parturition  usually  follows  within  forty-eight  hours. 


Embryolcia. 


Symphysotomy  and  Cm- 
SARE.4.N  Section. 

Separation  of  the  Head 
of  the  Fcetus  from  the-; 
Body. 


iNDtlGTION  OF  PREMATDRE^ 

Labodr. 


The  laying  of  egg.s  by  animals  is  termed  in 
French  ponte.  The  term  has  been  applied  to  the 
periodic.al  discbarge — ponte  pen'odique  —  of  ova, 
(F.)  Chute  des  CEufs,  ■which  is  supposed  to  take 
place  from  the  ovaries  at  each  menstrual  period. 

PARTURITION,  DRY,  Partus  Siccus. 

PARTURIUM  VANUM,  FauMe  couche. 

PARTUS,  Parturition  —  p.  Abaetio,  Abortion 
—  p.  Abactus,  Abortion  —  p.  Ceesareus,  Cesarean 
section  —  p.  Diffieilis,  Dystocia — p.  Laboriosus, 
Dystocia,  Laborious  labour  —  p.  Preecox,  Partu- 
rition (premature)  —  p.  PrEematurus,  Parturition 
(premature) — p.  Serotinus,  Opsiotocia. 

Partus  Siccus,  Dry  labour  or  |ja/-<i/r!"<i'o?). 
Labour,  which  is  neither  preceded  nor  attended 
by  a  discharge  of  the  liquor  amnii. 

PARU'LIS,  from  Trapa,  'near,'  and  ov'Xov,  'the 
gum.'  Aposte'ma  parulis  vel  paronlis,  Phleij'- 
nione  Parulis,  Gum  B'lil.  Small  abscesses  are  so 
called  which  form  in  the  gums,  sometimes  with- 
out any  known  cause,  but  which  often  depend 
upon  carious  teeth. 

PARU'RIA,  iromTTapa,  'jdefecttvely,'  and  uvpiw, 


'I  pass  urine.'  Morbid  secretion  or  discharge 
of  urine. 

Paruria  lNCONTiNE>fs,  Enuresis  —  p.  Inconti- 
nens  aquosa,  see  Diabetes  —  p.  Inops,  Ischuria, 
false  —  p.  Mellita,  Diabetes  —  p.  Retentionis,  Is- 
churia— p.  Retentionis  rcnalis.  Ischuria — p.  Re- 
tentionis vesicalis.  Retention  of  urine  —  p.  Stil- 
latitia,  Strangury  —  p.  Stillatitia  mucosa,  Cystir- 
rhoea, 

PARVITAS  MORBOSA  PARTIUM  OR- 
GANICARUM,  Microtesia. 

PAR'YGRON,  from  nnpa,  and  'vypog,  'humid.' 
A  liquid  or  moist  preparation  for  allaying  topical 
inflammation. 

PAS  D'ANE,  Tussilago. 

PASMA.  Catapasma. 

PASQUEFLOWER,  Anemone  Pulsatilla. 

PASSA,  Paronvebia. 

PASS^    CORINTHIACiE,    see  Vitis    Corin- 

PASSAGES.  DIGESTR^E,  "Ways,  digestive 
— p.  Second,  Ways,  second. 

PASSE-PIEl'illE,  Crithmum  maritimum. 


PASSERAGE 


647 


PATELLA 


PASSERAGE,  Lberis  amara — p. Saiiva<je,  Car- 
dainine  prat  en  sis. 

PASSIBILITY,  GREAT,  Hvperifisthesis. 

PASSIFLO'RA  LAURIFO'LIA,  Bay-leaved 
Passion  Flower.  A  native  of  Surinam.  The  fruit 
has  a  delicious  smell  and  flavour,  and  quenches 
thirst,  abates  heat  of  the  stomach,  increases  the 
appetite,  &c. 

PassiflorA  Malifor'mis,  Apple-shaped  Gra- 
vadil'la.  The  fruit  of  this  species  is  esteemed  a 
delicacy  in  the  West  Indies,  where  it  is  served 
up  at  table  in  desserts. 

Some  of  the  genus  are  said  to  possess  narcotic 
and  emetic  properties. 

PASSIO,  Disease,  Passion  —  p.  ^moptoica, 
Hasmoptysis — p.  Cadiva,  Epilepsj' — p.  Cardiaea, 
Cardialgia — p.  Coeliaca,  Cceliac  flux  —  p.  Cbole- 
rica.  Cholera — p.  Felliflua,  Cholera — p.  Hsemop- 
toica.  Haemoptysis  —  p.  Hypochondriaca,  Hypo- 
chondriasis—  p.  Hysterica,  Hysteria  —  p.  Hiaca, 
Ileus  —  p.  Ischiadica,  Neuralgia  femoro-poplitaa 

—  p.  Pleuritica,  Pleuritis  —  p.  Stomachica,  Dys- 
pepsia— p.  Ventriculosa,  Cceliac  flux — p.  Vomi- 
coflua,  Phthisis  pulmonalis. 

PASSION,  Pas'sio,  An' i mi  Path e' ma,  Affec'tus, 
Emo'tio,  from  j)at!oi-,  'j^assus,  'to  suffer.'  An  active 
affection  or  emotion  of  the  mind ;  as  rage,  ter- 
ror, love,  hatred,  <fee. 

Passion  Flower,  Bat-leaved,  Passiflora  lau- 
rifolia — p.  Hi/steriqne,  Hysteria — p.  Iliac,  Ileus. 

PASSIONES  ANIMI,  Affections  of  the  mind. 

PASSIVE,  Passi'vus.  Same  etymon  as  Pas- 
sion. An  epithet  for  diseases  which  seem  owing 
to  a  greater  or  less  diminution  of  the  strength, 
or  which  are  without  apparent  reaction.  Thus, 
passive  hemorrhages  are  such  as  supervene  in 
debilitated  individuals,  or  under  conditions  in 
which  increased  action  of  the  arteries  can  scarce- 
ly be  presumed.  The  term  ptassive  has,  also, 
been  given  to  aneurisms  of  the  heart  with  exte- 
nuation of  the  parietes  ,•  in  opposition  to  active 
aneurisms,  with  thickness  of  the  parietes  —  hy- 
pertrophy. 

PASSUL^  MAJORES,  see  Vitis  vinifera  — 
p.  Minores,  see  Vitis  Corinthiaca. 

PASSULA'TUM,  Uvcb  passes,  'raisins,  dried 
grapes.'  A  medicine  in  which  the  pulp  of  raisins 
is  a  chief  ingredient. 

PASSY,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  This  vil- 
lage is  in  the  vicinity  of  Paris.  There  are  seve- 
ral springs,  containing  sulphates  of  lime,  iron, 
and  magnesia,  alum,  common  salt,  carbonate  of 
iron,  carbonic  acid,  <&c.  They  are  employed  as 
a  tonic  and  astringent. 

PASTA  DE  ALTH^A,  Paste,  marshmallow 

—  p.  Amygdalina,  Confection  (almond)  —  p.  de 
Dactylis,  Paste,  date  —  p.  Emulsiva,  Confection 
(almond)  —  p.  de  Jujubis,  Paste  of  jujubes  —  p. 
Regia,  Confection  (almond). 

Pasta  Glycyrrhi'z.e  Gumma'ta  et  Anisa'ta 
seu  3Iassa  de  extracto  glycyrrJii'zcB.  A  compound 
of  extract  of  liquorice,  gum  Senegal,  sugar,  Flo- 
rence orris-root,  and  volatile  oil  of  aniseed.  De- 
mulcent. 

PASTE,  Pasta,  (F.)  Pate.  A  compound  me- 
dicine, like  the  pastil,  but  less  consistent,  flexible, 
less  saccharine,  and  more  mucilaginous. 

Paste,  Date,  Massa  seu  Pasta  de  dac'tylis. 
Composed  of  dates,  sugar,  gum  Arabic,  water,  and 
orange-floicer  water.  —  Ph.  P.     Demulcent. 

Paste  of  Ju'jubes,  Pasta  de  ju'jubis,  Massa 
de  zizypho' rum  fructd.  Composed  oi  jujubes,  gum 
Senegal,  sugar,  water,  and  tincture  of  lemon-peel. 
Demulcent. 

Paste,  Marshmal'low,  Massa  de  gummi 
Arab'ico,  Pasta  de  aMhm'd.  A  compound  of  gum 
Arabic,  sugar,  white  of  egg,  and  orange-flower 
water.  —  Ph.  P.     It  is  demulcent. 


Paste,  Tooth,  Dentifrieium  —  p.  Vienna,  see 
Powder,  Vienna  —  p.  Ward's,  Confectio  piperig 
nigri. 

PASTEL,  Pastil'lus,  Diocres,  Avic'ula  Cip'ria, 
Cande'la  fuma'Us,  Phfhois,  Pkthois'cus.  A  com- 
pound of  aromatic  substances  in  various  shapes; 
used  as  a  fumigating  material  when  set  fire  to. 
See  Fumigation. 

The  French  use  the  term  Pastille,  (L.)  Pastil- 
lus,  for  a  solid,  dry,  round,  oblong,  square,  or 
triangular  compound,  whose  base  is  essential  oil, 
and  sugar  the  excipient.  These  pastilles  are  in 
fact  small  lozenges,  and  only  differ  from  the 
tablette  in  their  smaller  size. 

Pastel,  Isatis  tinctoria. 

PASTE  QUE,  Cueurbita  citrullus. 

PASTILLE,  see  Pastel. 

PASTILLES  DIGESTIVES  D'HAUTE- 
RIVE-VICHY,  see  Trochisci  Sodae  bicarbonatis 
— p.  Fumigating,  see  Fumigation — p.  de  Vichy, 
see  Trochisci  Sodse  bicarbonatis. 

PASTILLI  DIGESTR'I  DARCETII,  see 
Trochisci  Soda  bicarbonatis  —  p.  Emetinae  Pec- 
torales,  Trochisci  emetin»  pectorales. 

Pastil'li  de  Mentha  Piperi'ta,  Peppermint 
drops.  {Sacch.  alb.,  aqnm  menthce  pip.,  aq.  des- 
stillat.  aa  §ij.  Boil  to  the  consistence  of  an  elec- 
tuary. Take  of  fine  ichite  sugar  in  powder,  ^iv; 
volatile  oil  of  peppermint,  ^ss.  Mix,  and  add 
the  electuary  whilst  warm.  Drop  it  then  on 
marble,  and  dry  the  drops.  —  Ph.  P.) 

PASTILLUS,  Pastel. 

PASTINACA  ALTISSIMA,  P.  opoponax— p. 
Anethum,  Anethum  graveolens  —  p.  Graveolens, 
Anethum  graveolens — p.  Opaca,  P.  sativa. 

Pastina'ca  Opop'anax.  The  name  of  the 
plant  which  furnishes  the  Opopanax.  The  plant, 
whence  the  gum  resin  is  obtained,  has,  also,  been 
called  Fer'ida  opop'onax,  Pastina'ca  altiss'ima, 
Laserpit'ium  chiro'nium,  Seli'num  opop'onax, 
Opojjana'cum,  Panax  heracle'itm,  Panax  costi'- 
num,  Pastina'cea,  Kyna,  Eercides-all-heal,  Opop'~ 
anaxwort. 

Ojiopanax,  Opopana'cis  gummi-resi'na,  Gezxr, 
Poji'anax,  Gummi  Pana'cis,  exudes  from  the  roots 
when  wounded.  Its  odour  is  strong  and  pecu- 
liar; taste,  bitter  and  acrid.  It  is  met  with  in 
the  shops,  in  lumps  of  a  reddish-yellow  colour, 
without;  white  within.  It  has  been  recommend- 
ed as  an  antispasmodic  and  emmenagogue ;  but 
is  seldom  used.     Dose,  gr.  x.  to  ^j  in  powder. 

Pastinaca  Pratensis,  p.  sativa. 

Pastina'ca  Sati'va,  Elaphobos' cum,  Pastinaca 
sylves'tris  seu  opa'ca  seu  praten'sis,  Ane'thum 
pastina'ca,  Seli'num  pastina'ca,  Ban'ica,  Garden 
parsnep.  The  root  is  sweet  and  nutritious,  and 
is  in  esteem  as  an  article  of  food.  It  has  been 
used  as  a  diuretic  and  demulcent  in  calculous  af- 
fections, <fcc. 

Pastinaca  Stlvestris,  P.  sativa — p.  Sylves- 
tris  tenuifolia  ofiicinarum,  Daucus  carota. 

PATE,  Paste — p.  Arsenicale,  Arsenical  paste, 

PATELLA,  Rot'ida,  R.  genu,  Epigon'atis,  Ep)i- 
gnn'tis,  Acromy'le,  Epigou'nis  seu  Epigu'nis  seu 
E^vg'onis,  Mola  seu  Concha  seu  Oc'ulus  sen  Orbia 
seu  Scutum  genu,  Os  scutifor'me  seu  discifnrme 
sen  thy  reo'i'des,  Super  genua' lis,  Caucahii'des,  3fy'- 
lacris,  Myle,  Gamba,  Olec'ranon  mob'ile,  (F.)  Ro- 
tule.  Diminutive  of  patina,  'a  dish,'  so  called 
from  its  shape.  A  sort  of  sesamoid,  flat,  short, 
thick,  rounded  bone,  situate  in  front  of  the  knee, 
and  enveloped  in  the  substance  of  the  tendon 
common  to  the  extensor  muscles  of  the  leg.  Tho 
posterior  surface  of  the  patella  is  divided  into 
two  facettes,  united  angularly,  which  are  encrusi- 
ed  with  cartilage,  and  each  of  which  is  articulated 
with  one  of  the  condyles  of  the  femur.     The  pa- 


PATENT 


648 


PAVILION 


tella  is  developed  by  a  single  point  of  ossification. 
When  the  patella  is  fractured,  it  is  difficult  to 
produce  bony  union.  This  can  only  be  accom- 
plished by  keeping  the  fractured  extremities 
closely  in  apposition. 

Patella,  Cup — p.  Fixa,  Olecranon. 
PATENT  MED'ICINE,  Medecine  brevetee  on 
patentee,  Remede  hrevete  ou  pateiite.  A  medici- 
nal compound,  for  the  sale  of  which  the  proposer 
obtains  from  government  an  exclusive  privilege. 
A  specification  of  his  invention  must  be  registered 
in  the  Patent  Oflnce,  and,  hence,  it  differs  from 
a  secret  medicine. 

PATER  OMNIUM  VIVENTIUM,  Penis. 
PATERA  DIOGENIS,  Palm. 
PATHEMA,  Affection,  Disease. 
PATHEMATOLOGY,  Pathology. 
VATHET'IG, Pathet'icu8,{rom  iradeiv,  'to  feel.' 
That  which  moves  the  passions.     A  name  given 
to  the  superior  oblique  muscle  of  the  eye,  and, 
also,  to  a  nerve. 

Pathetic  Muscle,  Oblique  superior  of  the  eye. 
Pathetic  Nerve,  Nerviis  Pathet'icus,  N.  tro- 
chlea'ris  seu  trocMeato'rius  seu  trochlea' tor,  the 
4:th  pair  of  nerves,  (F.)  Oculo-musculaire  interne 
(Ch.,)  Nerf  pathetique,  is  the  smallest  encephalic 
nerve.  It  arises  behind  the  inferior  part  of  the 
tubercula  quadrigemina  [testes)  at  the  lateral 
parts  of  the  valvula  Vieussenii.  Its  roots  unite 
into  one  thin  round  cord,  which  makes  a  turn 
upon  the  peduncles  of  the  bi'ain,  and  passes  into 
a  canal  of  the  dura  mater  near  the  posterior  cli- 
noid  process.  It  enters  the  orbit  by  the  broadest 
part  of  the  sphenoidal  fissure,  and  terminates  in 
the  superior  oblique  muscle  of  the  eye,  by  divi- 
ding into  several  filaments. 

PATHETISM,  Magnetism,  animal. 
PATHIC,  Morbid. 
PATHICAL,  Morbid. 
PATHICUS,  Morbid. 
PATHNE,  Alveolus. 

PATHOGENET'IC,  Pathogenet'icus,  Patho- 
gen'ieus.  Same  etymon  as  the  next.  Relating 
to  pathogeny. 

Pathogenetic  PHYsTfOLOGY,  Physiolog''ia  ^ja- 
ihogcnet'ica.  That  part  of  physiology  which  re- 
lates to  the  origin  of  disease. 

PATHOGENICUS,  Pathogenetic. 
PATHOG"ENY,  Pathogcn'ia,  Nosogen'esis, 
Nosogen'ia,  from  Ta^og,  'a  disease,'  and  ysvto-tf, 
'generation.'  The  branch  of  pathology  which 
relates  to  the  generation,  production  and  develop- 
ment of  disease. 

PATHOGNOMON'IC,  Pathognomon'iens,  Sig- 
vuni  conjunc'turn  seu  characteris'ticum  seu  morbi 
essentia' le  ;  from  Tra^oj,  '  an  affection,'  and  yi- 
voaKti),  '  I  know.'  A  characteristic  si/mptom  of  a 
disease. 

PATHOG'RAPHY,  Pathograph'irr,  from  jra- 
&0S,  'disease,'  and  ypacpoi,  'I  describe.'  A  de- 
scription of  disease. 

PATHOLOGIA,  Pathology  —  p.  Humoralis, 
Iluiriorism — p.  Solidaris,  Solidism. 

PATHOLOG"ICAL,  Patholog"icus,  Pathol'o- 

gns ;   same  etymon  as  pathologj'-.     Relating  to 

pathology.     Often  used  in  the  sense  of  pathical. 

Pathological  Anatomy,  see  Anatomy. 

PATHOL'OGIST,  Pathol' ogus.    Same  etymon. 

One  versed  in  pathology. 

YA.1llOh'OGY,.Pathematol'ogy,  Patliolog"ia, 
Pathematolog" ia,  Patholog"ice,  from  waSo;,  '  a 
disease,'  and  \oyos,  'a  discourse.'  The  branch 
of  medicine  whose  object  is  the  knowledge  erf  dis- 
ease. It  has  been  defined  diseased  ])!iysiologi/, 
and  physiology  of  disease.  It  is  divided  into  ge- 
neral and  special.  The  first  considers  diseases 
iu  common;  —  the  second,  the  particular  history 


of  each.  It  is  subdivided  into  internal  and  ea;- 
ternal,  or  medical  and  surgical. 
Pathology,  Humoral,  Humorism. 
PATHOMA'NIA,  Purapathi'a,  Moral  Insa- 
nity, from  7ra-5of,  'a  disease,'  and  mania.  Ila'nia 
sine  Delir'io.  A  morbid  perversion  of  the  natu- 
ral feelings,  affections,  inclinations,  temper,  ha- 
bits, moral  disposition,  and  natural  impulses, 
without  any  remarkable  disorder  or  defect  of  the 
intellect  or  knowing  and  reasoning  faculties,  and 
particularly  without  any  insanity  or  halluci- 
nation. 

PATHOMYOTOM'IA ;  from  Trafiof,  '  affection,' 
jivg  or  jiviav,  'muscle,'  and  tojit],  'incision.'     The 
title  of  a  work  by  Dr.  John  Bulwer  (1649),  being 
"a  dissection  of  the  significative  muscles  of  the  ^ 
affections  of  the  mind," 

PATHOPATRIDALGIA,  Nostalgia. 
PATHOS,  Affection,  Disease. 
PATIENCE,    Rumex   patientia — p.    d'Eai(, 
Rumex  hydrolopathum — p.  Garden,  Rumex  pa- 
tientia— pi-  Hovge,  Rumex  sanguineus — p.  Sau- 
vac/e,  Rumex  acutus. 
PATIENT,  see  Sick. 
PATIENTIA,  Rumex  patientia. 
PATIENTIA  MUSCULUS,  Levator  scapula. 
PATNE,  Alveolus. 
PATOPATRIDALGIA,  Nostalgia. 
PATOR  NA'RIUM.     The  cavity  or  the  open- 
ing of  the  nostrils. 

PATRATIO,  Ejaculation,  (of  sperm.) 
PATTE  D'OIE  (F.), '  Goose's  foot.'  An  apo- 
neurotic expansion,  which  covers  the  internal 
surface  of  the  tibia  at  its  upper  p^rt,  and  consists 
of  the  expansion  formed  by  the  tendons  of  the 
sartorius,  gracilis,  and  semi-tendinosus  muscles. 
PATURSA,  Syphilis. 

PAU,  (CLIMATE  OF.)  Pau  is  the  capital  of 
the  department  of  the  Lower  Pyrenees,  and  is 
about  150  miles  from  Bordeaux,  and  50  from 
Bayonne.  The  climate  corresponds  with  that  of 
the  south-west  of  France  generally;  its  great 
quality  is  the  comparative  mildness  of  its  spring, 
and  exemption  from  cold  winds.  It  is  regarded 
as  a  favourable  winter  residence  for  invalids  la- 
bouring under  chronic  affections  of  the  mucous 
membranes.  It  is  too  changeable  for  the  con- 
sumptive ;  and  to  be  avoided  by  the  rheumatic. 

PAULLIN'IA.  This  is  an  extract  from  a  plant 
of  the  same  name  in  Brazil.  It  is  prepared  by 
the  Indians,  and  appears  to  possess  excitant 
powers.  In  Brazil,  and  the  neighbouring  coun- 
tries, it  is  given  in  the  form  of  tisane — the  pow- 
der being  mixed  with  cocoa  —  in  diarrhoea  and 
dysentery.  It  has  been  employed  also  as  a  tonic. 
An  extract  is  prepared  in  Brazil  from  Paidllnia 
sor'bilis,  known  there  under  the  name  of  Gua- 
rana,  which  is  administered  in  similar  pathologi- 
cal cases. 

PA  UME  BE  LA  MAIN,  Palm. 
PAUNCH,  Ingluvies. 
PAUONTA,  Sedatives. 
PA  IIPIERE.  Palpebra. 

PAUSIME'NIA,  from  Traixrij-,  'cessation,' and 
/iiyvEf,  'menses.'     Cessation  of  the  menses. 
PAVANA  WOOD,  Croton  tiglium. 
PAVIL'ION.     The  French  give  the  name/w- 
villon,  to  the  expanded  extremity  of  a  canal  or 
cavity, — -for  example,  of  a  catheter,  sound,  etc. 

Pavilion  of  the  Ear,  Awic'ula,  Pinna, 
O'tiiim,  Ala,  (F.)  Avricnle  ou  Oricide,  Pavilion 
de  I'oreillc,  is  seated  behind  the  cheeks,  beneath 
the  temple,  and  anterior  to  the  mastoid  process. 
Its  size  varies  in  individuals.  It  is  free  above, 
behind,  and  below.  Anteriorly  and  within,  it  is 
continuous  with  the  neigbliouring  parts.  Its 
outer  surface  has  several  prominences,  the  Helix, 


PAVILLON 


619 


PECTORALS 


Antnehx,  Tragus,  Antitmgun,  and  Lohe ;  and  se- 
veral cavities — tlie  groove  of  ike  Helix,  the  fossa 
uavicularis  seu  scaplioides,  and  the  Concha.  The 
skin  -wliich  covers  the  pavilion  is  very  fine,  and 
studded  with  a  number  of  sebaceous  follicles. 
The  auricle  is  fixed  to  the  head  by  three  fibro- 
areolar  ligaments;  —  a  superior,  anterior,  and 
2Wsterior. 

PAVILION  DE  L' OREILLE,  Pavilion  of 
the  ear — p.  de  la  Trompie,  see  Tuba  Fallopiana. 

PAVIMENTUM  CEREBRI,  Base  of  the 
brain. 

PAVIXA,  iEsculus  hippocastanum. 

PAVITA'TIO,  Tremor;  from  pavor,  '  dread.' 
Trembling  for  fright. 

PAVOPHOBIA,  Panophobia, 

PAYOR,  (L.),  Dread.  Great  fright.  Pano- 
phobia. 

Pavo'res  Noctur'ki  seu  Doeiiien'tiu3i.  Fear 
during  sleep. 

PA  VO  T,  Papaver. 

PAW,  Manus. 

PAXWAX,  see  Nucha. 

PAXYWAXY,  see  Nucha. 

PAZAHAR,  Bezoar. 

PEA,  Pisum  —  p.  Garden,  Pisum — p.  Ground 
Squirrel,  Jeffersoniana  Bartoni — p.  Hoarj'',  Galega 
Virginiana — -p.  Love,  Abrus  preeatorius — p.  Nut, 
Arachis  hj'pogea  —  p.  Partridge,  Cassia  chamce- 
crista — p.  Pisum — p.  Turkey,  Galega  Virginiana. 

PEACH  BRANDY,  Amygdalus  Persica— p. 
Tree,  Amygdalus  Persica — p.  Wood,  see  Ceesal- 
pinia. 

PEAGLE,  Primula  veris. 

PEAR,  see  Pyrus  malus. 

PEARL,  Perla,  31ar'garon,  Margari'ta,  3Iar- 
gel'lium,  3Iarge'lis,  U'nio,  (P.)  Perle.  A  round- 
ish concretion  of  a  silvery  white  colour,  and  bril- 
liant polish,  found  in  several  shells,  and  espe- 
cially in  the  Avic'ida  margaritifera,  which  has, 
hence,  been  called  Mater  perlarum,  Margari'ta, 
and  Mother  of  pearl,  and  is  much  used  in  the  fa- 
brication of  handles  for  surgical  instruments,  <fee. 
Peai'ls  were  formerly  given  in  powder  as  astrin- 
gents and  antacids.  They  consist  of  lime  and  an 
animal  matter. 

Pearl  Ash,  Potash  of  commerce — p.  Mother 
of,  see  Pearl — p.  White,  Bismuth,  subuitrate  of. 

PEAU,  Cutis. 

PEAUOIEIi,  Platysma  myoides. 

PECAN  or  PECCAN  NUT,  see  Hickory. 

PECCANT,  Peccans,  from  peccare,  'to  sin.' 
Morbid,  not  healthy.  An  epithet  given  by  the 
humourists  to  the  humours  when  erring  in  qua- 
lity or  quantity.     See  Materia  Morbosa. 

■pECHEDEON,  Perina^um. 

PEGHEB,  Amygdalus  Persica. 

PECHIAGRA,  Pechyagra. 

PECHU'RIM  seu  PICHU'RIM  CORTEX.  A 
highly  aromatic  bark,  the  produce  of  a  species  of 
laurus.  It  is  extremely  fragrant,  like  that  of 
cinnamon,  which  it  greatly  resembles  in  its  pro- 
perties. In  Portugal  it  is  used  in  the  cure  of 
dysentery,  &c.     See  Pichurim  beans. 

PECH'YAGRA,  Pech'iagra,  Ancon'agra,  Pec- 
tihagra,  from  ~nX"S>  '  the  elbow,'  and  aypa,  '  a 
seizure.'     Gout  affecting  the  elbow. 

PECHYS,  Elbow. 

PECHYTYRBE,  Porphyra  nautica. 

PECTE,  Cheese. 

PECTEN,  Pubes.     Also,  a  comb. 

Pecten  Dbntium,  Sepes  dentium — p.  Veneris, 
Scandix  eerefolium. 

PEGTIHAGRA,  Pechyagra. 

PECTIN,  from  Trt/crif,  'a  coagulum.'  A  name 
given  by  Braconnot  to  a  principle  which  forms 
the  basis  of  vegetable  jelly.     It  is  extensively 


diffused  in  the  jirieos  of  pulpy  fruits  and  roots, 
especially  when  they  are  mature  ;  and  occasions 
these  juices  to  coagulate  when  they  are  mixed 
with  alcohol  or  boiled  with  sugar. 

It  is  the  basis  of  one  of  the  classes  of  elemen- 
tary principles  of  Dr.  Pereira — the  pectinaceous, 

PECTINACEOUS,  Pectinous. 

PECTIN A'LIS,  from  pecten,  '  the  pubes  :'  Pec- 
tinm' us,  Mus' cul us  Uv'idus,  Pectina'tus,  (F.)Ptilio~ 
femoral,  Sttspuhio-femoral  (Ch.),  Pectini.  This 
muscle  is  situate  at  the  inner  and  upper  part  of 
the  thigh.  It  is  long,  flat,  and  triangular ;  is  at- 
tached, above,  to  the  space  which  separates  the 
ileo-pectineal  eminence  from  the  spine  of  the  os 
pubis ;  and,  below,  by  a  flat  tendon,  to  the  ob- 
lique line  which  descends  from  the  lesser  tro- 
chanter to  the  linea  aspera.  The  pectinalis  bends 
the  thigh  on  the  pelvis,  and  carries  it  outwards  in 
adduction  and  rotation.  It  may  also  bend  the 
pelvis  on  the  thigh. 

PECTINATED,  Pectina'tus,  Pectin'iform, 
Pectinate,  [F.)  Peetine,  from  pecten,  'a  comb.' 
Having  the  shape  of  the  teeth  of  a  comb. 

Pectinated  Mi:sci,^s, Pectina'ti  mus'culi.  The 
fascicular  texture  observed  in  the  right  auricle 
of  the  heart:  —  Jhia'culi  Auric'ulcB  Pectina'ti. 
Their  main  use  probably  is — to  prevent  the  over 
dilatation  of  the  auricles. 
-    PECTINATUS,  Pectinalis. 

PECTINE,  Pectinalis,  Pectinated. 

PECTINEUS,  Pectinalis. 

PECTINIFORM,  Pectinated. 

PECTINOUS,  Peetina'ceus,  Pectino'sus,  Pec- 
tina'ceous,  from  pectin.  Of  or  belonging  to  pec- 
tin or  vegetable  jelly, —  as  a  pectinous  or  pectina- 
ceous vegetable  principle. 

PECTORAL,  from  pectus,  'the  breast.'  Re- 
lating to  the  breast.     See  Pectorals. 

PECTORAL;  GRAND,  Pectoralis  major. 

PECTORALE,  Corset. 

PECTORALIS  INTERNUS,  Triangularis 
sterni. 

Pectora'lis  Major,  ixoxa  pectus,  'the  breast.* 
Pectora'lis,  Sterno-cleido-hrachia'lis,  (F.)  Sterno- 
costo-clavio-humercd,  Sterno-hvmeral  (Ch.),  Grand 
Pectoral.  A  large,  flat,  triangular  muscle,  situate 
at  the  anterior  part  of  the  chest,  before  the  ax- 
illa. It  is  attached,  on  the  one  hand,  by  means 
of  aponeurotic  fibres,  to  the  inner  half  of  the  an- 
terior edge  of  the  clavicle  ;  to  the  anterior  surface 
of  the  sternum,  and  to  the  cartilages  of  the  first 
six  true  ribs;  —  on  the  other,  by  a  strong  tendon, 
which  is  inserted  at  the  anterior  edge  of  the  bici- 
pital groove  of  the  humerus.  The  use  of  this 
muscle  is,  to  moA'e  the  arm  in  various  directions. 
If  it  he  hanging  bythe  side  of  the  body,  it  carries 
it  inwards  and  a  little  forwards.  When  the  arm 
is  raised,  it  depresses  it  and  carries  it  inwards. 
It  can,  also,  move  it  in  rotation  inwards.  If  the 
humerus  be  raised  and  fixed,  the  pectoralis  ma- 
jor draws  the  trunk  towards  the  upper  extremity. 

Pectora'lis  Minor,  Serra'tus  anti'cus  minor, 
(F.)  Costo-eoracoidien  (Ch.),  Petit  Pectoral,  Petit 
dentele  anterieur.  This  muscle  is  situate  beneath 
the  preceding,  at  the  anterior  and  upper  part  of 
the  chest.  It  is  flat  and  triangular;  is  attached 
by  its  base,  which  appears  digitated,  to  the  upper 
edge  and  outer  surface  of  the  3d,  dth,  and  6th 
true  ribs,  and  is  inserted  at  the  anterior  part  ot 
the  coracoid  process.  The  pectoralis  minor  draws 
the  scapula  forwards  and  downwards,  and  make^ 
it  execute  a  rotatory  motion,  by  virtue  of  which 
its  inferior  angle  is  carried  backwards,  and  the 
anterior  depressed.  When  the  shoulder  is  fixed, 
it  elevates  the  ribs  to  which  it  is  attached,  and 
aids  in  the  dilatation  of  the  chest. 

PECTORALS,  Pectora'lia,  Thorac'Hca.    Me- 


PECTORILOQUE 


650 


PELARGONIUM 


^iciaes  considered  proper  for  relieving  or  remo- 
ving affections  of  the  chest. 

Pectoral  Drops,  Bateman's,  consist  chiefly 
d  tincture  of  castor,  Tvith  some  camphor  and  opi- 
um, flavoured  by  aniseed.  Gray  gives  the  follow- 
ing formula:  Castor,  ^j  ;  ol.  anisi,  ^y,  camph. 
^Y ;  cocci,  ^iss  ;  opii,  ^vj  ;  proof  spirit,  a  gallon. 

A  form,  advised  by  a  committee  of  the  Phila- 
delphia College  of  Pharmacy,  is  the  following  : — 
Alcohol,  dil.  cong.  iv ;  Santal.  rubr.  ras,  ^j  ;  di- 
gere  per  boras  xxiv;  cola,  et  adde  Pidv.  opii, 
Pulv.  catechu,  Camphora,  aa  ^ij;  01.  anisi,  ^lY. 
Digest  for  ten  days. 

PECTORILOQUE,  from  pectus,  'the  chest,' 
and  loqui,  '  to  speak.'  Laennec  calls  thus  one 
who  presents  the  phenomenon  of  Pectoriloquism. 
Also,  a  stethoscope. 

PECTORILOQUIE,  Pectoriloquy— ^j.  Chev- 
rotanfe,  Egophony. 

PECTORILOQUY, Pectoriroquis)n,  Cav'ernoua 
voice,  Pectorilo'qnia,  (F.)  Pectoriloquie,  Voix  ca- 
verneuse,  Y.  articnlee.  Same  etymon.  Speech 
or  voice  coming  from  the  chest.  Laennec  has 
designated,  by  this  name,  the  phenomenon  often 
presented  by  consumptive  individuals,  when  their 
chests  are  examined  with  the  stethoscope.  The 
voice  seems  to  issue  directly  from  the  chest,  and 
to  pass  through  the  central  canal  of  the  cylinder, 
—  a  phenomenon  owing  to  the  voice  resounding 
in  the  anfractuous  cavities,  produced  in  the  lungs 
by  the  suppuration  or  breaking  down  of  tuber- 
cles, which  constitute  alscesses  or  ulcers  of  the 
lungs. 

PECTUS,  Sternum,  Thorax  — p.  Carinatum, 
Bee  Carina. 

PECULIUM,  Penis. 

PEDAGPuA,  PotassEe  supertartras  impurus. 

PEDAL,  Peda'lis,  from  pes,  pi^dis,  'the  foot., 
Relating  to  the  foot :  —  as 

Pedal  Aponeuro'sis,  CF.)  Aponevrose pedieuse. 
A  thin,  aponeurotic  layer,  which  invests  the  ex- 
tensor brevis  digitorum  pedis,  and  separates  the 
tendons  of  the  foot  from  each  other. 

PEDES,  Genital  Organs. 

PEDESIS,  Pulsation. 

PEDETHMOS,  Pulsation. 

PEDIAL'GIA,  Pedional'f/ia,  Pedioneural'gia, 
from  TTtitov,  'the  sole  of  the  foot,'  and  a'Syo;, 
'pain.'  Pain  in  the  sole  of  the  foot.  Neuralgia 
of  the  foot  \n  general. 

PEDICLE,  VITELLINE,  see  Vesieula  umbi- 
licalis. 

PEDICULARTA,  Delphinium  staphisagria. 

PEDICULATIO,  Phtheiriasis. 

PEDIC'ULUS,  Phtheir,  the  Louse,  (F.)  Pou. 
A  genus  of  parasitic  insects.  The  human  body 
is  infested  with  three  kinds :  the  Body-louse,  or 
Clothes-louse.  Pedic'idus  vestimen'ti,  (F.)  Pou  de 
corps;  the  Head-louse,  Pedic'idus  caj^itis,  (F.) 
Pou  de  la  tete,  which  lives  in  the  hair;  the 
Crab-louse,  Ilor'pio,  Fera'lis pedic'ulus,  Plat'ula, 
Phthi'rins  inguina'lis,  Pedic'ulus  Pubis,  (F.)  Mor- 
pion,  which  infests  the  hair  of  the  pubes.  Infu- 
sion of  tobacco,  or  mercurial  ointment,  or  oint- 
ment of  white  precipitate  of  mercury,  or  the  white 
or  red  precipitate  of  mercury,  rearJily  destroys 
them.  The  louse  occurring  in  phtheiriasis,  pedic'- 
ulus tabescen'tiutn,  differs  from  the  common  louse. 
— Vogel 

Pediculus  Capitis,  see  Pediculus  —  p.  Pubis, 
Crab-louse — p.  Tabescentium,  see  Pediculus — p. 
Vestimenti,  see  Pediculus. 

PEDICURE,  Chiropodist. 

PEDICUS,  Extensor  brevis  digitorum  pedis. 

PEDfEUX  (muscle),  Extensor  brevis  digito- 
rum pedis. 

PEDIG4MBRA,  Tsambra. 


PEDILU'VIUM,  from  pedes,  'the  feet,'  and 
lavo,  'I  wash.'  Lavipe' diuni,  (F.)  Bain  de  pied. 
A  bath  for  the  feet.     See  Bath. 

PEDION,  Sole. 

PEDIONALGIA,  Pedialgia. 

PEDIONEURALGIA,  Pedialgia. 

PEDIUM,  Tarsus. 

PEDONCULES  BU  CERVELET,  Corpora 
rcstiformia. 

PEDORA.  The  sordes  of  the  eyes,  ears,  and 
feet. 

PED'UNCLE,  Pedun'cidus.  This  term  has 
been  applied  to  different  prolongations  or  appen- 
dices of  the  encephalon,  from  pi^s,  piedis,  '  a  foot.' 
Thus,  the  Peduncles  of  the  brain  are  the  Crura 
cerebri;  the  Peduncles  of  the  cerebel'lum,  the 
Crura  cerebelli. 

Peduncles  of  the  Brain,  Pedun'cul!  cer'ebri, 
called,  also,  Crura  anterio'ra  medul'lce  oblonya'tm, 
are  two  white  cords,  about  fths  of  an  inch  in 
diameter,  on  the  outside  of  the  corpora  albicantia. 
They  arise  from  the  medullary  substance  of  the 
brain,  and  gradually  approach,  till  they  join  the 
tuber  annulare.  They  are  formed,  internally,  of 
a  mixture  of  cineritious  and  medullary  matter ; 
the  former  of  which,  being  of  a  darlier  colour  at 
one  part  than  in  any  other  part  of  the  brain, 
has  been  called  Locus  niyer  crurum  cerebri. 

Peduncles  of  the  Cerebellum,  Pedun'culi 
cerebel'U,  called,  also.  Crura  posterio'ra,  are  six 
in  number,  tliree  on  each  side  —  a  superior,  a 
middle,  and  an  inferior.  The  superior  peduncles 
are  generally  known  as  the  Processus  cerehelli 
ad  testes.  Crura  cerebel'U  ad  cor'jiora  quadrigem'- 
ina,  Bra'chia  copulati'va ;  the  inferior  are  the 
Processus  cerebelli  ad  7nedullani  oblongatam  ;  and 
the  middle  are  called,  also,  Cerebel'lar  pied' uncles 
— Proces' BUS  seu  Crura  cerebel'U  ad  pontem,  Bra'- 
chia 2}ontis. 

Peduncles,  Inferior  op  the  Cerebelluw, 
Corpora  restiformia— p.  of  the  Medulla  Oblongata, 
Corpora  restiformia. 

Peduncles  op  the  Pineal  Gland  are  two 
medullary  bands  or  strips,  which  seem  to  issue 
from  the  pineal  gland,  and  proceed  on  each  side 
upon  the  upper  and  inner  region  of  the  optic 
thalami. 

Pedunculi  Cerebelli,  Peduncles  of  the  Cere- 
bellum—  p.  Cerebri,  Peduncles  of  the  Brain — p. 
Medullfe  Oblongataj,  Corpora  restiformia. 

PEDUNCULUS,  Peduncle. 

PEGA,  Canthus  (lesser). 

PEGANEL^ffiON,  Oleum  ruta'ceum,  O'leum 
rutcB,  from  nzyavov,  'rue.'     Oil  of  Rue. 

PEGANUM,  Ruta. 

PEINE.  Hunger. 

PEINOTHERAPIA,  Limotherapeia. 

PEIRA,  Effort,  Experience,  Nisus. 

PELADA.  A  word  of  uncertain  origin,  ap- 
plied to  alopecia,  especially  to  that  resulting  from 
syphilis. 

PELA'GIA.  "A  kind  of  scaly  erysipelas  of  the 
hands  —  sometimes  of  the  legs,  at  others,  of  the 
face.     Pellagra.(?) 

PELAGRA,  Pellagra. 

PELARGO'NIUM  ANCEPS,  Peris'tera  an- 
ceps.  A  South  African  plant,  Nat.  Ord.  Gera- 
niacere  ;  tlie  decoction  of  which  is  used  by  the 
Malays  in  amenorrhoea,  and  to  promote  parturi- 
tion and  abortion. 

Pelargonium  Antidysenter'icum.  Jenln'nso'- 
nia  aniidi/senter'ica.  This  South  African  plant  i3 
used  by  the  natives  in  dysentery.  It  is  boiled  in 
milk. 

Pelargo'nium  Cuculla'tum.  Common  along 
the  side  of  the  Table  Mountain.  It  has  been  re- 
commended in  decoction  as  an  enema  in  colic, 
nephritis,  and  suppression  of  urine.     It  is  an  es- 


PELICAN 


651 


PELVIS 


cel"i}nt  emollient,  and  was  formerly  exported  to 
Hoildnd  under  the  name  Herha  Althcsa. 

Pelargo'nium  Triste,  Pohjac'tinm  trixte.  The 
root  of  this  plant,  which  grows  at  the  Cape  of 
Good  Hope,  is  somewhat  astringent,  and  is  used 
there  in  diarrhoea  and  dysentery,  and  as  an  an- 
thelmintic. 

PEL'ICAN,  Pelica'nus,  Peleca'nvs,  PeVecan, 
Pel'ecas.  An  instrument,  curved  at  the  end  like 
the  beak  of  a  pelican.  Its  use  is  to  extract  teeth. 

PELICIDE,  Pelu'de,  Mel  coot  am.  Boiled 
houev.  —  Pi,uland  and  Johnson. 

PELICOMETER,  Pelvimeter. 

PELIDNOMA,  Ecchymoma,  Pelioma. 

PELIO'MA,  Pelidno'mn,  from  vt\oi,  'black.' 
A  livid  ecchymosis. — Eorestus.  See  Ecchymoma. 

PELIOSE,  Purpura. 

PELIOSIS,  Purpura  hasmorrhagica — p.  Rheu- 
matiea,  see  Purpura  simplex. 

PELLA,  Cutis,  Prepuce. 

PEL'LAGRA,  Pel'agra,  Ichthyo'sis  Pellagra, 
Eleplianti' asis  Ital'ica,  Tuler  Pellagra,  Lepra 
Mediolanen' sis,  L.  Lombard' ica,  Scorhu'tus  alpi'- 
nus,  3Ia'nia  pella'gn'n,  Erythe'ma  endem' icum  seu 
j)el'lagrum,  Insolazione  de  Primavera,  Mai  del 
Sole,  Dermat'agra,  Erysip'elas  period' ica  nervo'- 
ta  chron'ica,  Mai  de  misere,  Paral'ysis  scorhu'tica. 
Scurvy  of  the  Alps,  Impeti'go  Pellagra,  (¥.)  Scor- 
hut  des  Alpes ;  from  7r£XXa,(?)  .'  skin,'  and  ay^a, 
'seizure.'  A  disease,  particularly  noticed  among 
the  Milanese,  which  consists  in  the  skin  becoming 
covered  with  wrinkles,  and  assuming  a  scaly  ap- 
pearance, especially  in  the  parts  exposed  to  the 
air.  The  strength  diminishes,  the  intellectual 
faculties  and  sensations  bacome  obscure,  and 
cramps,  convulsions,  and  other  lesions  of  mus- 
cular contractility  supervene.  It  is  a  singular 
endemic  affection,  and  has  been  supposed  to  fol- 
low every  where  the  introduction  of  Indian  corn  : 
hence  the  name  Rapiha'nia  ma'iz'tica,  given  to  it 
by  some  of  the  Italian  physicians. 

PELLENS,  from. jyellere,  'to  drive.'  Driving; 
impelling. 

Pellen'tia  MedicAmex'ta  are  medicines  that 
promote  the  occurrence  of  the  menstrual  or  he- 
morrhoidal flux. 

PELLICULA  SUMMA,  Epidermis  — p.  Su- 
perior, Epidermis. 

PELLICULiE  CORDIS,  Ostiola  cordis. 

PELLIS,  Cutis — p.  Summa,  Epidermis. 

PELLITORY,  Xanthoxylum  fraxineum— p. 
American,  Parietaria  Pennsylvanica— p.  Bastard, 
Achillea  ptarmica  —  p.  of  Spain,  Anttemis  pyre- 
thrum — p.  Wall,  Parietaria. 

PELM' A,  Sole. 

PELOR,  Monster. 

PELORIA,  Monster. 

PELORIUM,  Monster. 

PELORUM,  Monster. 

PELOTE  DE  3IER,  Pila  marina. 
PELTALIS  seu  PELTATUS    CARTILAGO, 
Thvroid  cartilage.  Xiphoid  cartilage. 

PELTAN'DRA  VIRGIIST'ICA,  Arnm  Virgin'- 
icum,  Lecon'tia,  RensselcB'ria,  Arroio  Arum,  Ta- 
raho,  Wampee  ;  indigenous;  of  the  Occ/er  Araeese. 
The  fresh  roots  and  seeds  are  acrid  stimulants, 
like  Arum. 

PELTIDEA  AMPLISSIMA,  Lichen  eaninus 
,  — p.  Canina,  Lichen  eaninus  —  p.  Leucorrhiza, 
Lichen  eaninus  —  p.  Malacea,  Lichen  eaninus  — 
p.  Spuria,  Lichen  eaninus. 

PELTIGERA  CANINA,  Lichen  eaninus. 
PELUDE,  Pelicide. 

PELVIC,  Pel'vicus,  Pelvi'nus.  Belonging  or 
relating  to  the  pelvis. 

■  Pelvic  Aponeurosis,  ('F.)Aponevrosepelvienne. 
A  tendinous  lamina,  given  off  from  the  sides  of  the 
pelvis,  and  from  the  entire  circumfereuce  of  the 


brim,  which  passes  into  and  lines  the  pelvis,  and 
is  soon  divided  into  two  distinct  layers;  —  one 
external,  the  lateral  pelvic  or  obturator  fascia-, 
which  continues  to  line  the  sides  of  the  pelvis, 
and  covers  the  obturator  internus  muscle;  the 
other,  internal  or  superior,  which  passes  inwards 
upon  the  side  of  the  prostate,  bladder,  and  rec- 
tum in  the  male,  and  of  the  bladder,  vagina,  and 
rectum  in  the  female,  in  order  to  form  the  floor 
of  the  pelvis. 

Pelvic  Catity,'  (F.)  Cavite  polvienne.  The 
cavity  of  the  pelvis. 

Pelvic  Members.     The  lower  extremities. 

Pelvic  Surface  of  the  Il'ium.  That  which 
faces  the  pelvic  cavity. 

PELVICULA  OCULI,  Orbit. 

PELVI-TROCHANTE'RIAN,  Pehi-trochan- 
teria'nus.  That  which  relates  to  the  pelvis  and 
great  trochanter.  The Pelvi-trochante'rian  region 
is  formed  by  the  muscles — pyramidalis,  two  obtu- 
rators, gemini,  and  quadratus  femoris,  which  pass 
from  the  pelvis  to  the  digital  cavity  of  the  great 
trochanter. 

'P'ELYlM''ET'E^,Pelycom'eter,Pelyo7n'eter,Pe^ 
licom'eter,  Pyelom'eter,  from  pelvis,  and  ftcrpov, 
'a  measure.'  A  barbarous  hybrid.  This  name 
has  been  given  to  different  instruments,  invented 
for  measuring  the  diameters  of  the  pelvis,  and 
particularly  the  antero-posterior  or  fore-and-aft 
diameter  of  the  brim.  Two  have  been  chiefly 
emploj'ed,  especially  by  French  practitioners:  — 
the  Comjias  d'epaisseur,  and  the  Pelvimeter  of 
Coutouly.  1.  The  Compas  d'epaisseur  or  Cal'- 
lipera  of  Baudelocque,  is  formed  like  a  pair  of 
compasses — with  blunt  extremities — the  branches 
of  which  can  be  moved  at  will.  One  of  these  is 
applied  to  the  symphysis  pubis,  and  the  other  on 
the  sacrum.  About  three  inches  must  be  de- 
ducted from  this  measurement  for  the  thickness 
of  the  mons  veneris,  pubis,  and  the  base  of  the 
sacrum.  2.  The  Pelvimeter  of  Coutouly  resem- 
bles the  instruments  used  by  shoemakers  for 
measuring  the  length  of  the  foot.  The  two 
branches  are  introduced,  in  a  state  of  approxima- 
tion, into  the  vagina;  and  then  separated,  so 
that  one  touches  the  promontory  of  the  sacrum, 
the  other  comes  behind  the  os  pubis.  It  is  a 
barbarous  contrivance,  and  its  introduction  ought 
never  to  be  attempted  on  the  living  subject.  It 
does  not,  indeed,  seem  possible  to  introduce  it 
without  mischief. 

The  finger  is,  decidedly,  the  best  pelvimeter, 
and  by  it  we  can  judge  whether  the  base  of  the 
sacrum  be  unusually  prominent.  Measurement 
of  the  pelvis  by  the  hand  has  been  called  Pely- 
cocliirometre'sis;  from  ttcXv^,  'the  pelvis,'  ;\;£ip, 
'  the  hand,'  and  fterpov,  '  measure.' 

PELVIS,  Cho'ana,  Py'elos,  (F.)  Eassin ;  so 
called,  because  fancied  to  be  shaped  like  an 
ancient  basin.  The  part  of  the  trunk  which 
bounds  the  abdomen  below.  It  is  a  large,  bony, 
irregular,  canoidal  cavity,  —  open  above  and  be- 
low,— which  supports  and  contains  a  part  of  the 
intestines,  and  the  urinary  and  genital  organs ; 
and  serves,  at  the  same  time,  as  a  fixed  point  for 
the  articulation  of  the  lower  limbs,  the  attach- 
ment of  their  muscles,  and  the  execution  of  their 
movements.  The  pelvis  supports,  behind,  the 
vertebral  column,  and  is  sustained,  before,  by  the 
ossa  femorum.  It  is  situate,  in  the  adult,  near 
the  middle  part  of  the  body,  and  is  composed  of 
four  broad,  flat,  unequally  thick  bones,  difiFerinj: 
much  in  their  shape,  size,  and  arrangement,  whicn 
touch,  are  articulated  at  some  part  of  their  sur- 
face, and  intimately  united  by  means  of  a  number 
of  ligamentous  fascise.  Of  these  bones,  two  are 
behind,  on  the  median  line,  —  the  sacrum  and 
the  coccyx;  the  two  others  are  before  and  at  tho 


PELTCOMETER 


652 


PENXATUS 


sides,  —  the  ilia.  They  are  fellows,  and  unite, 
before,  with  each  other.  The  most  important 
parts  of  the  pelvis,  in  an  obstetrical  point  of  view, 
are  the  brim  and  the  outlet.  The  Bniir,  'Angus' tia 
abdomiiin'lis,  Intro'itus,  Apevtu'r a  pelvis  stipe' rior, 
Upper  Opening  or  strait  of  the  Cavity  of  the  Pel- 
vis, (F.)  Detroit  supirieur,  D.  abdominal,  is  the 
narrow  part  which  separates  the  greater  pelvis 
from  the  less — the/afee  from  the  true.  Pelvis  vera 
seu  minor.  In  the  well-formed  woman  it  is  ellip- 
tical, and  slightly  inclined  forwards.  Its  antero- 
posterior or  sacro-pubic  diameter,  in  a  standard 
pelvis,  measures  4J  inches,  but  with  the  soft  parts, 
3f  inches ;  its  transverse  or  iliac  or  lateral,  bi 
inches,  but  with  the  soft  parts  4  inches  ;  and  its 
oblique  with  the  soft  parts,  4f  inches.  The  Out- 
let, Ex'itus,  Inferior  opening  or  strait,  Angus' tia 
perinma'lis,  (F.)  Detroit  inferieur,  D.  perineal, 
forms  the  lower  aperture  of  the  pelvis.  The 
antero-posterior  diameter  is  here,  on  account  of 
the  mobility  of  the  coccyx,  5  inches :  the  lateral, 
4  inches.  The  Axis  of  the  Peltis  is  important 
to  be  known  in  obstetrics.  The  Axis  of  the  Brim 
is  indicated  by  a  straight  line  drawn  from  the 
umbilicus  to  the  apex  of  the  coccyx ; — the  Axis 
of  the  Outlet  by  a  line  drawn  from  the  first  bone 
of  the  sacrum  to  the  entrance  of  the  vagina.  An 
imaginary  curved  line  which  indicates  the  direc- 
tion of 'the  canal  of  the  pelvis,  has  occasionally 
been  termed  the  curve  of  Cams,  in  consequence 
of  its  having  been  pointedly  described  by  the 
German  obstetrician. 

Pelvis  Aueium,  Cochlea — p.  Cerebri,  Infundi- 
bulum  of  the  brain. 

Pelvis  of  the  Kid>"et,  Pelvis  rena'Us  seu 
renum,  Sinus,  Venter  seu  Alvus  Benum,  (F.)  Bas- 
sinet. This  is  a  small,  membranous  pouch,  occu- 
pying the  posterior  part  of  the  fissure  of  the 
kidney.  It  is  placed  behind  the  rtnal  artery 
and  vein  ;  is  elongated  from  above  to  below ; 
flattened  from  before  to  behind  ;  irregularly  oval 
in  figure ;  and,  below,  contracts  considerably,  to 
be  continuous  with  the  ureter.  It  receives  the 
orifices  of  the  infundibula,  which  pour  the  urine 
secreted  in  the  kidney  into  its  cavity. 

Pelvis  Mi!^or,  Pelvis — p.  Ocularis,  Seaphium 
oeulare — p.  E,enalis,  Pelvis  of  the  kidney  —  p. 
Kenum,  Pelvis  of  the  kidney — p.  Vera,  Pelvis. 
PELYCOMETEK,  Pelvimeter. 
PELYOMETER,  Pelvimeter. 
PEMMICAN.     Meat   cured,   pounded,    and 
mixed  with  fat.     It  has  been  much  used  as  nutri- 
ment on  long  overland  journeys. 

PEM'PHIGUS,  Emphly'sis  Pem'phigus,  Pom'- 
phohjx,  from  ir£;i(/it|',  'a  blister;'  Febris  bulla' sa, 
vesicida'ris,  ampullo' sa  sen  pemphigo'des  seu  pem- 
phingo'des,  Exanthe'ma  serosum,  Morta,  Pem'- 
phigus viorta.  Pemphigus  Helveticus,  Pemphigus 
major,  Pemphigus  minor,  Morbus  bullosus  seu  ve- 
alcula.'rHs  seu  ampulla'ceus,  Pem'phinx,  Pemphix, 
Pemphyx,  Typhus  vesicula'ris,  Vesic'ular  Fever, 
Bladdery  Fever,  (F.)  Fievre  bidleuse,  F.  Vesicu- 
Inire.  A  disease,  defined  to  consist  of  vesicles, 
scattered  over  the  body;  transparent,  filbert-sized, 
with  a  red,  inflamed  edge,  but  without  surround- 
ing blush  or  tumefaction  ;  on  breaking,  disposed 
to  ulcerate  ;  fluid,  pellucid  or  slightly  coloured ; 
fever,  typhous.  It  is  doubtful  whether  any  such 
idiop.'ithic  fever  have  ever  existed:  the  proba- 
bility is,  that  the  fever  and  vesications  have  been 
an  accidental  complication.  Cullen  thinks  the 
Pemphigus  Helveticus  must  have  been  malignant 
Bore  throat.  If,  however,  such  a  distinct  disease 
did  exist,  it  was  probably  only  as  an  endemieo- 
epidemic. 

Pkmphig  %  TTuNGARicrs,  see  Anthrax  —  p. 
Ala.ior,  PerT-»'higus  —  p.  Minor,  Pemphigus  —  p. 
Morta,  Pemphigus — p  Yariolodes,  see  Varicella. 


PEMPHINX,  Pemphigus. 
PEMPHIX,  Pemphigus. 
PEMPHYX,  Pemphigus. 
PEMPT^A  FEBRIS,  Quintan. 
PENiEA  MUCRONATA,  see  SarcocoUa  — p. 
Sareocolla,  SarcocoUa. 

PENCIL -LIKE    PROCESSES,   Styloid  pro- 

PENDULOUS  ABDOMEN,  Physconia. 

PENDULUM  PAL  ATI,  Velum  pendulum 
palati. 

PEN'ETRATING,  Pen'etrans,  from  penetrare, 
(penitus  intrare,)  'to  go  into.'  A  wound  is  so 
called  which  penetrates  one  of  the  great  splanchnic 
cavities  —  Vulniis  penetrans. 

A  medicine  is,  also,  so  called,  which  is  supposed 
to  pass  through  the  pores,  and  stimulate. 

PENICILLUM,  Compress,  Penicillus. 

PENICIL'LUS,  Penicill'mn,  'a,  painters 
brush;'  diminutive  oi  pienis,  'a  tail.'  A  tent  or 
pledget.  The  secreting  glandiform  extremities 
of  the  vense  portee,  {Ac"ini  lilio'si)  have  been 
so  termed,  as  well  as  the  villous  textures. 

Penicillus,  Tent. 

PENICULUM,  Compress. 

PENICULUS,  Tent. 

PENIDES,  Saeeharum  hordeatum. 

PENID'IUM,  Penidium  sacchara' turn .  A  kind 
of  clarified  sugar,  made  up  into  rolls.  Barley 
sugar.  It  is  demulcent;  see  Saeeharum  horde- 
atum. 

PENIL,  Mons  veneris. 

PENIS,  'a  tail,'  from  pendere,  'to  hang  down;' 
Caidis,  Coles,  Caules,  Caulos,  Men'tula,  llenta, 
Phall'us,  Posthe,  Pros'thium,  Crithe,  Cor'yne,  Vo- 
mer, Pater  om'nium  viven'tium,  Pria'pus,  Virga, 
V.  viri'lis,  V.  genita'lis,  Vere'trvm,  Sathe,  Jlem- 
brum  viri'le,  Ilembrum,  Verbiis,  Viri'le,  Pars  Vi- 
ri'lis, Membrinn  seminale  seu  genitale  viro'rum, 
Morion,  Cyon,  Sic'ula,  Tentum,  Hasta,  H.  nujjtia'- 
lis,  H.  viri'lis,  Vas,  Vas'culum,  Pecu'lium,  Vir'- 
gula,  Vir,  Thyrsus,  Tensus,  Clavus,  Cauda  sala.r, 
Cauda,  Fas' cinum,  F.  viri'le,  Muto,  Nervus,  N. 
fistiilo'sns  sou  fistida'ris  seu  juveni'lis,  Per'tica 
per  se,  Scapus,  Leco,  Cureu'lio,  Vena,  Contus,  Te- 
lum,  Gurgu'lio,  Sceptrum,  Arma,  Gla'dius,  Lu'- 
hrienm  Cajyut,  Muti'mts,  Palus,  Pes'sulus,  Badix, 
Bamus,  Butab'idum,  Arma  Ventris,  Columna  ad- 
stans  inguin'ibus,  Columna,  Pyr'amis,  Trabs, 
Spina,  Catapulta  viri'lis,  Veipa,  Machce'ra,  Tau- 
rus ;  the  Yard,  Male  organ,  &e.  (F.)  Verge, 
Membre  viril.  This  organ,  the  use  of  which  is 
to  carry  the  seminal  fluid  into  the  female  organs 
of  generation,  is  cylindroid,  long,  and  erectile, 
and  situate  before  and  beneath  the  symphysis 
pubis.  In  the  ordinary  state,  it  is  soft  and  pen- 
dent in  front  of  the  scrotum.  During  erection, 
it  becomes  elongated,  upright,  and  assumes  a 
triangular  shape.  Its  upper  surface  is  called  the 
Dorsum  j^enis,  (F.)  Dos  de  la  verge ;  and,  at  its 
anterior  surface,  there  is  a  longitudinal  projection 
formed  by  the  canal  of  the  urethra.  The  two 
sides  of  the  penis  are  round,  and  its  posterior 
extremity  or  root  is  attached  to  the  pelvis.  Its 
anterior  extremity  is  free,  and  presents  the  glans, 
prepuce,  and  orifice  of  the  urethra.  The  penis  is 
formed  of  the  corpora  cavernosa,  the  principal 
seat  of  erection;  the  corpus  spongiosum  of  the 
urethra  for  the  conveyance  of  the  urine  and 
sperm,  and  of  the  glans,  which  terminates  the 
canal.  The  Arteries  of  the  penis  are  branches 
of  the  internal  pudie.  The  Veins  correspond 
with  the  arteries.  The  Nerves  are  from  the  in- 
ternal pudic. 

Penis  Cerebri,  Pineal  gland  —  p.  Femineus, 
Clitoris  —  p.  Lipodermus,  Paraphimosis — p.  AIu« 
liebris.  Clitoris. 

PENNATUS,  Penniform. 


PENXIFORM 


653 


PEEFORAJTS 


PEN'iSriFORM,  Penmfor'mis,  Penna'tus,  from 
penna,  'a  pen,'  and /ormn,  'form.'     An  epithet 
for  muscles  whose  fleshy  fibres   are  inserted  on 
each  side  of  a  middle  tendon,  like  the  feathers  of 
a  pen  on  their  common  stalk. 
PENNYCRESS,  Thlaspi. 
PENNYROYAL,  Mentha  pulegium,  Iledeoma 
pulea;ioides — p.  Hart's,  Mentha  cervina. 
PENSACOLA,  see  Saint  Augustine. 
PENSEE,  Viola  tricolor  — _p.  Sauvage,  Viola 
tricolor. 
PENSILIA,  Pudibilia. 

PENTAMY'RON,  Pentamm'ron,  from  -KtvTt, 
'five,'  and  jxvpov,  'ointment.'  An  ancient  oint- 
ment, consisting  of  five  ingredients.  These  are 
said  to  have  been  —  storax,  mastich,  "wax,  opo- 
balsam,  and  unguentum  nardinum. — Paulus,  and 
Aetius. 

PENTAPHAR'MACON,  from  -atvTt,  'five,' 
and  (f>apiJLaKov,  '  remedy.'  Any  medicine  consist- 
ing of  five  ingredients. 

PENTAPHYLLUM,  Potentilla  reptans. 
PEN'TATEUCH,  (SURGICAL,)  Pentateu'- 
clnis,  from  -KtvTz,  'five,'  and  revxos,  'a  book,' 
which  signifies  the  five  books  of  Moses — Genesis, 
Exodus,  Leviticus,  Numbers,  and  Deuteronomy. 
By  analogy,  some  surgeons  have  given  the  name 
Surgical  Pentateuch  to  the  division  of  external 
diseases  into  five  classes: — wounds,  ulcers,  tu- 
mours, luxations,  and  fractures. 

PENTATH'ETUM,    from    ttcvts,    'five,'    and 
TtBtvai,  'to  place.'    An  ancient  plaster  consisting 
of  five  ingredients. 
PENULA,  Ingluvies. 

PENZANCE,  CLIMATE  OF.  This  is,  the 
chief  residence  of  invalids  in  Cornwall,  England, 
during  the  winter.  It  is  situated  on  Mount's 
Bay,  about  ten  miles  from  the  Land's  End.  It  is 
6A°  warmer  in  winter  than  London  ;  2°  colder  in 
Summer;  scarcely  1°  warmer  in  the  spring,  and 
only  about  2h°  warmer  in  the  autumn.  It  is  a 
very  favourable  winter  residence  for  the  phthisical 
invalid. 

PEONY,  Pasonia. 
PEPANSIS,  Coction,  Maturation, 
PEPANTICOS,  Maturative. 
PEPASMOS,  Coction,  Maturation. 
PEPAS'TIC,  Pepas'ticus,  from  Trtratvu,  'I  con- 
coct.'    A  medicine  supposed  to  have  the  power 
of  favouring  the  concoction  of  diseases.     Matu- 
rative. 

PEPEIRUS,  Concocted. 

PEPINO,  (S.)  A  cucurhitacea,  which  is  culti- 
vated in  great  abundance  in  the  fields  of  Peru. 
The  pulp  or  edible  part  is  solid,  juicy,  and  well 
flavoured;  but  is  apt  to  disagree. 

PEPO,  Cucurbita  pepo — p.  Lagenarius,  Cucur- 
bita  lagenaria — p.  Vulgaris,  Cu.curbita  pepo. 

PEPPER,  BLACK,  Piper  nigrum— p.  Cayenne, 
Capsicum  annuum — p.  Cubeb,  Piper  cubeba — p. 
guinea.  Capsicum  annuum — p.  Jamaica,  Myrtus 
Pimento — p.  Long,  Piper  longum — p.  Poor-man's, 
Polygonum  hydropiper — p.  Tailed,  Piper  cubeba 
— p.  Turnip,  Arum  triphyllum — p.  "Water,  Poly- 
gonum hydropiper — p.  Water,  of  America,  Poly- 
gonum punctatum — p.  Wall,  Sedum  —  p.  White, 
Piper  album. 

PEPPERWORT,  Lepidium. 
PEPSIN,  Peps'inwn,  Chy'mosin,  Gas'terase, 
Diges'tive  Prin'ciple,  from  irt^ig,  'coction.'  A 
peculiar  organic  matter,  which  in  combination 
with  the  gastric  acids,  is  considered  to  form  the 
proper  digestive  solvent.  Its  chemical  constitu- 
tion is  unknown.  It  would  appear  that  its  pre- 
sence is  necessary  to  induce  changes  in  the  ele- 
ments of  the  food,  which  may  enaljle  the  gastric 
acids  tc  act  upon  them  so  as  to  form  chyme. 


PEPSINUM,  Pepsin. 

PEPSIS,  Coction,  Digestion. 

PEPTIC,  Pep'ticus,  from  irtTrru,  '  I  ripen.'  Aa 
agent  that  promotes  digestion,  or  is  digestive. 
Also,  applied  adjectively  to  an  article  of  food  th^t 
is  easy  of  digestion. 

Peptic  Persuader,  see  Pilulae  aloes  et  Kinsa 
Kinse. 

PERACUTUS,  Catoxys. 

PERARTICULATIO,  Diarthrosis. 

PERATODYNIA,  Cardialgia, 

PERCE-CRANE,  Perforator. 

PERCE-FEUILLE,  Bupleurum  rotundifo- 
lium. 

PERCE-3fOUSSE,  Polytrichum. 

PERCE-PIERRE,  Crithmum  maritimum. 

PERCEP'TA,  from  percipere,  'to  perceive,' 
'receive.'  A  word  used  by  some  writers  on  hy- 
giene to  indicate,  in  a  general  manner,  the  eflects 
of  the  nervous  action  on  the  animal  economy  ;  in 
other  words,  the  sensations,  the  functions  of  the 
mind,  and  their  deterioration  or  privation. 

PERCEP'TION,  Percep'tio.  The  appreciation 
which  the  brain  has  of  an  impression  made  upon 
an  organ  of  sense. 

PERCEPTIVITY.  Same  etymon.  The  power 
of  perception. 

PERCOLATIO,  Filtrafion,  Percolation. 

PERCOLA'TION,  Percola'tio,  from  percolare, 
{per  and  colare,)  'to  strain  through.'  The  terms 
percolation  and  displacement  are  applied  in  phar- 
macy to  an  operation  which  consists  in  placing 
any  substance,  the  virtues  of  which  have  to  be 
extracted  by  a  menstruum,  in  a  funnel-shaped  in- 
strument, having  a  septum  perforated  with  holes, 
or  its  tube  stuffed  with  cotton  or  tow,  and  pour- 
iDg  fresh  portions  of  the  menstruum  upon  it  until 
all  its  virtues  have  been  extracted.  The  opera- 
tion is  used  in  the  formation  of  certain  infusions, 
extracts,  tinctures,  &c. 

An  instrument  used  for  this  purpose  is  called  a 
displacer  or  per' colator. 

PERCOLATOR,  see  Percolation. 

PERCUSS.  Percu'tere,  (F.)  Percufer,  Frap- 
per.  Same  etymon  as  the  next.  To  strike  upon 
with  the  view  of  appreciating  the  resulting  sound. 
To  practise  percussion. 

PERCUS'SION,  Epicrou'sis,  Percus'sio,  from 
percutere,  {per,  and  quatere,)  '  to  strike.'  When 
immediate  or  direct  percussion  is  made  on  the 
chest  or  abdomen,  the  more  or  less  perfect  reso- 
nance is  an  index  of  the  state  of  the  contained 
organs ;  and  the  physician  is  thus  aided  in  his 
diagnosis.  For  this  purpose  the  chest  may  be 
struck  with  the  fingers,  gathered  into  a  bundle, 
and  their  tips  placed  upon  a  level.  It  is  better, 
however,  to  employ  mediate  percussion,  which 
consists  in  interposing,  between  the  point  of  the 
fingers  and  the  chest,  the  finger  of  the  other 
hand,  or  a  Plexitn'eter,  and  striking  this  instead 
of  the  naked  chest. 

Percussion,  Auscultatory,  see  Acouophonia, 

PER  CUTER,  Percuss. 

PER  CUTE  UB  COURBE  A  MARTEAU, 
(F.)  An  instrument  used  by  Baron  Heurteloup 
in  the  operation  of  lithotomy,  in  which  a  ham- 
mer is  employed  instead  of  a  screw,  to  force  to- 
gether the  blades  of  the  instrument  on  the  foreign 
body. 

PERDO'NIUM.  A  medicated  wine  of  herbs. 
— Paracelsus. 

PERETERIUM,  Trepan. 

PERETORIUM,  Trepan. 

PER'FORANS,  from  perforarc,  {per,  and  /o- 
rare,)  'to  bore  through.'  A  name  given  to  diffe- 
rent muscles,  whose  tendons  piiss  through  inter- 
vals between  the  fibres  or  tendons' of  otter  mus- 
cles ;     thence   called   j^erforated.      oee    Flexes 


PERFORATED 


654 


PERICARDIUM 


Longus  Digitorum,  &c.  Under  the  name  Per'- 
fnrating  Ar'teries,  are  included,  1.  In  the  hand — 
arterial  branches,  given  off  by  the  profound 
palmar  arch,  which  traverse  the  muscles  and  in- 
f.orosseous  spaces.  2.  In  the  thigh — three  or  four 
arteries,  furnished  by  the  profunda,  -which  pass 
through  the  openings  of  the  abductor  magnus. 
'6.  In  the  foot — the  anterior  and  superior  branches 
of  the  plantar  arch. 

Perforans  Casserii,  see  Cutaneous  —  p.  Ma- 
nas, Flexor  profundus  perforans — p.  Profundus, 
Flexor  longus  digitorum  pedis  profundus  perfo- 
rans. 

PERFORATED  SPOT,  Locus  perforatus. 
PERFORATING  ARTERIES,  see  Perforans. 
PERFORATIO,    Perforation  —  p.   Cranii,   see 
Perforator  —  p.  Intestinorum,   Enterobrosis  —  p. 
Ventriculi,  Gastrobrosis. 

PERFORA'TION,  Perfora'tio,  Anatre'sis,  Di- 
atre'sis,  from  2}ei'/orare,  'to  pierce.'  An  acci- 
dental opening  in  the  continuity  of  organs,  either 
from  an  external  or  internal  cause. 

Perforation,  Paracentesis  — p.  de  I'Estomac, 
Gastrobrosis  — p.  des  Intestins,  Enterobrosis  —  p. 
Uteri,  Uterus,  rupture  of  the. 

PERFORATOR,  Perforato'rium,  (F.)  Perce- 
crane.  An  instrument  for  opening  the  head  of 
the  foetus  in  utero,  when  it  is  necessary  to  dimi- 
nish its  size.  The  operation  is  called  Cephalo- 
tom'ia,  Perfora'tio  cra'nii. 

PERFORATORIUM,  Perforator. 
PERFORA'TUS.  That  which  is  pierced. 
Anatomists  have  given  this  name  to  muscles 
whose  fibres  or  tendons  separate  to  suffer  other 
parts  to  pass  through  them.  Such  are  the  Flexor 
brevis  digitorum  pedis,  F.  suhlimis  perforatus, 
and  Coraco-brachialis.  Also,  to  parts  that  are 
perforated  for  any  purpose  —  as  the  substan'tia 
perfora'ta  of  the  brain. 

Perforatus  Casserii,  Coraco-hrachialis. 
PERFRIC'TIO,     Perfrige'rium,     Oatapsyx'is, 
Peripsyx'is,  from  perfrigere,  {pier,  and  frigere,) 
'  to  shiver  with  cold.'     Considerable  refrigeration. 
Great  sense  of  cold  :  —  shivering. 
PERFRIGB RATIO,  see  Rigor. 
PERFRIGERIUM,  Perfrictto. 
PERFUSIO,    Fomentation  —  p.   Frigida,    see 
Affusion. 

PERI,  TTspt,  'about,  on  all  sides,  round  about.' 
An  augmentative  prefix.     Hence: 

PERIJ3RE'SIS,  from  Tzept,  'about,'  and  aipcw, 
'  I  take  away.'  A  sort  of  circular  incision,  which 
the  ancients  made  in  the  neighbourhood  of  large 
abscesses.  The  periaresis  is  now  only  practised 
in  some  cases  of  tumours. 

PERIAL'GIA,   from  Tzcpi,  'on  all  sides/  and 
aXyog,  'Y)ain.'     A  very  violent  pain. 
PERIAMMA,  Amuletum. 
PERIAPTON,  Amuletum. 
PERIBLEMA,  Catablema. 
PERIBLEP'SIS,    from    Trept,    'around,'    and 
p\emi),  'I  look.'    The  wild  look  that  accompanies 
dtliriura.  —  Foesius. 

PERIB'OLE,  from  TcptPaWto,  'I  surround.' 
The  dress  of  a  person.  The  pericardium.  Also, 
*he  translation  of  morbific  matters  towards  the 
surface  of  the  body. 

PERIRRO'SIS,  Pcricra'sis,  from  7rtpi/?poi(r/«o, 
(jrfot,  and  lipodKui,  'I  eat,')  'I  eat  around.'  Ulce- 
ration or  erosion  at  the  corners  of  the  eyelids. 

PERICAR'DIAC.  Pericar'dial,  Pericardi'a- 
cue  ;  same  etymon  as  the  next.  Relating  to  the 
pcricardmm, — as  ' pericardial  murmur,'  'pericar- 
dial effusion,'  'pericardial  arteries,  veins,'  &c.,  <fcc. 
PERICARDIAL,  Pericardiac. 
PERICARDI'TIS,  from  KtptKap&tov,  'the  peri- 
cardium,' and  itis,  denoting  inflammation ;    In- 


flamma'tio  Pericar'dii,  Plexiri'tis  pericar'dit, 
Cardi'tia  exter'na  seu  sero'sa  seu  memhrano'sa, 
Exocardi'tis,  Inflamma'tion  of  the  pericardium, 
(F.)  Pericardite,  Inflammation  du  Pericarde, 
This  is,  probably,  the  proper  appellation  for  most 
of  those  cases  which  have  received  the  names  of 
Carditis,  Cardipericardi' tis,  and  Oardiopericar- 
di'tis.  Along  with  signs  of  pyrexia,  the  local 
symptoms  resemble  those  of  pneumonia.  Those 
which  point  out  that  the  pericardium  is  the  seat 
of  disease,  are  the  following  :  —  pain,  referred  to 
the  region  of  the  heart,  or  scrobiculus  cordis,  — 
sometimes  pungent,  at  others,  dull  and  heavy: 
palpitation,  accompanied  with  spasmodic  twitch- 
ings  in  the  neighbourhood  of  the  heart,  shooting 
up  to  the  left  shoulder ;  pulsation,  and  sometimes 
soreness  of  the  carotids,  with  tinnitus  aurium  and 
vertigo;  the  breathing  is  by  catches;  dyspncea 
considerable;  pulse  jarring,  jerking,  peculiar;  the 
tongue  white,  covered  with  a  mucous  coat,  and  the 
skin  often  bathed  in  sweat,  as  in  acute  rheumatism. 
The  physical  signs  during  the  first  period  are  as 
follows.  The  action  of  the  heart  is  generally 
evident  to  the  eye,  and  may  be  felt  by  the  hand. 
There  is  soreness  to  the  touch  over  the  intercos- 
tal spaces,  and  over  a  small  surface  in  the  epi- 
gastric region,  when  the  pressure  is  directed  up- 
wards towards  the  pericardium.  Percussion  is 
usually  natural,  but  at  times  there  is  dulness. 
On  auscultation,  the  cardiac  movements  are 
found  to  be  frequent,  abrupt,  jerking,  and  tu- 
multuous; often  irregular  and  intermittent.  The 
pulse  presents  corresponding  characters.  When 
effusion  of  lymph  has  occurred,  percussion  may 
be  negative,  or  be  but  slightly  affected.  On  aus- 
cultation, in  addition  to  the  preceding  signs, 
there  may  be  one  or  more  of  the  rubbing  or  fric- 
tion bruits  resembling  the  rustling  of  parchment, 
or  of  a  sawing  or  rasping  character.  In  some 
eases,  the  sound  is  like  the  creaking  of  new 
leather.  This  has  been  supposed  to  be  patho- 
gnomonic of  effused  lymph.  The  most  important 
point  in  the  pathology  of  pericarditis  is  its  con- 
nexion with  acute  rheumatism;  and  it  forms  one 
of  the  most  dangerous  occurrences  in  the  latter 
disease.  It  may  be  acute  or  chronic  :  in  either 
case,  it  is,  of  course,  formidable.  The  most  act- 
ive depletion  must  be  used ;  with  large  doses  of 
opium,  counter-irritants,  and  all  the  means  re- 
quired in  the  most  violent  internal  inflamma- 
tions. 

Pericarditis  Exstjdatoria  Sanguinolenta, 
Hfemoperieardium. 

PERICAR'DIUM,  Periear'dion,  Perib'ole, 
Membra'na.  Cor  circumplex' a ,  Involu'crum  sea 
Ar'cula  seu  Capaa  seu  Cap'sxda  seu  Cam'era  seu 
Indumen'tum.  seu  Pannic'uhis  seu  Blemhra'na  seu 
Theca  seu  Saccus  seu  Sae'cidus  seu  Scrotum  seu 
Vagi'na  seu  Vesi'ca  seu  Area  seu  Thal'amus  re- 
ga'lis  seu  Amjihico'ma  seu  Bursa  Cordis,  Sac  or 
Capside  of  the  Heart,  (F.)  Pericarde  ;  from  rfoi, 
'around,'  and  KapSia,  'the  heart.'  The  periciir- 
dium  is  a  membranous  sac,  which  envelopes  the 
heart,  and  the  arterial  and  venous  trunks  that 
pass  from  or  into  it.  It  is  seated  in  the  separa- 
tion of  the  mediastinum,  above  the  central  apo- 
neurosis of  the  diaphragm,  to  which  it  strongly 
adheres.  Its  shape  is  triangular,  like  that  of  the 
heart;  to  which  it  is  fitted.  The  pericardium  is 
composed  of  two  membranes: — the  one — external 
— fibrous  ;  the  other — internal — serous.  The  lat- 
ter, having  lined  the  inner  surface  of  the  external 
layer,  is  reflected  over  the  heart,  and  covers  it 
entirely;  without,  however,  having  the  heart 
within  it;  in  which  arrangement  it  resembles, 
other  serous  membranes.  The  poricnrdiura  en- 
velops the  heart:  retains  it  in  position,  and  faci- 
litates its  movements   by  means  of  the  serous 


PEBICARDIUM 


655 


PERIODEIA 


fluid,  Liquor  sen  Aqtia  seu  Humor  seu  Lympha 
seu  Uri'na  Pericar'dii,  Hydrocar'dia,  which  it 
contains  in  greater  or  less  quantity. 

The  arteries  of  the  pericardium  are  small,  and 
derived  from  the  superior  phrenic,  anterior  me- 
diastinal and  bronchial.  The  veins  accompany 
them,  and  open  into  the  brachio- cephalic.  No 
nerves  have  been  traced  to  it.  The  lymphatics 
enter  the  lymphatic  glands  that  surround  the 
vena  cava  superior. 

PBRICARPIUM.  Epicarpium. 

PERICIIOLIA,  Polycholia. 

PERICHONDRI'TIS,  Inflamma' tio  pericJwn'- 
drii,  from  perichondrium,  and  itls,  denoting  in- 
flammation. Inflammation  of  the  perichondrium  : 
hence  Perichondri'tis  laryn'gea;  —  Inflammation 
of  the  perichondrium  covering  the  larynx. 

PBRICHON'DRIUM,  from  vcpi,  'around,'  and 
XovSpos,  '  a  cartilage.'  A  membrane  of  a  fibrous 
liature,  which  covers  cartilages  that  are  pon-arti- 
cular,  and  bears  considerable  analogy  to  the  peri- 
osteum in  organization  and  uses. 

PERICHRISIS,  Circumlitio,  Liniment. 

PERICHRISTON,Circumlitio,  Liniment. 

PERICLA'SIS,  from  rr£,jt,  'about,'  and  /cXao), 
'  I  break.'  A  comminuted  fracture,  with  denu- 
dation of  the  bone.  —  Galen,  Foesius. 

PERICLYMENUM,  Lonieera  periclymenum 
—  p.  Vulgare,  Lonieera  periclymenum. 

PERICNE'MIA,  from  Trtpi, '  about,'  and  Kw/ir,, 
'the  leg.'  The  parts  surrounding  the  tibia j  — 
the  tibia  itself. 

PERICRANICEDE'MA,  from  pericranitm, 
and  oiSniia,  'a  swelling.'  CEdema  of  the  head, 
owing  to  fluid  effused  under  the  pericranium. 

PERICRA'NIUM,  Pericra'nion,  Pericra'nia, 
from  TTcpt,  'around,'  and  Kpaviov,  'the  cranium.' 
The  periosteum,  which  covers  the  cranium  exter- 
nally. 

PERICRASIS,  Peribrosis. 

PERIDER'IA,  from  vepi,  'around,'  and  &fpri, 
'  the  neck.'  Twisting  of  the  cord  round  the  neck 
of  the  child. 

PERIDES'MIC,  Perides'micus  ;  from  Tcpt, 
'  around,'  and  Ssano;,  '  a  ligament.'  Some  noso- 
logists  have  given  this  name  to  ischuria  caused 
by  a  ligature  round  the  penis  or  by  stricture  of 
the  urethra. 

PERIDES'MIUM;  from  irrpi,  'around,'  and 
SscTfio;,  'ligament.'  The  delicate  arbolar  tissue 
covering  a  ligament. 

PERIDIASTOLE,  see  Diastole. 

PERID'ROMUS,  from  vepi,  'about,'  and  ipoiio;, 
'a  course.'  The  extreme  circumference  of  the 
hairs  of  the  head.  —  Gorrseus. 

PERIESTICOS,  Salutary. 

PERIGLOTTIS,  Epiglottic  gland:  see  Tongue. 

PBRIG'RAPHE,  from  TitpiypiKpiD,  {-tpt,  and 
ypafpM,  'I  write,')  'I  circumscribe.'  The  apo- 
neurotic intersections  of  the  rectus  abdominis  are 
60  called. — Vesalius. 

PERILYMPH,  Cotunnius,  liquor  of. 

PERIMYELITIS,  Meningitis,  spinal. 

PERIMYS'IUM,  Fas'cia,  from  ticpi,  'around,' 
jmd  nvs,  '  a  muscle.'  The  areolar  membrane  or 
gheath  —  vnr/i'na  muscxda'ris  —  that  surrounds  a 
muscle,  or  its  fasciculi.  The  sheath  of  the  whole 
muscle  is  termed  Perimysium  externum/  of  the 
fasciculi,  Perimysium  internum. 

PERIN,  Peris,  from  izcpa,  'a  sac  or  pouch.' 
With  some,  this  means  the  scrotum;  with  others, 
the  testicle;  with  others,  the  vagina;  with  others, 
the  peritona3um;  and  with  others,  the  anus. 

PERTNiEOCELE,  Hernia,  perineal. 

PERINiE'UM,    Interfemin'eum,    Interfcemin' - 


eum,  Interfcemin' ium,  Interfce'mina,  Iter  femin'-. 
eum,  Peris,  Perin,  Perineum,  Gressu'ra,  Plechas, 
Am'phiptlex,  Peche'deov,  Ifesos' celon ,  Jfesos'celas, 
Perine.'on,  Perince'os,  Perine'ci,  Ti'amis,  Tanros, 
Interforamine' urn,  Cocho'ne,  Ph'chos,  Mesome'rion, 
Fcemen,  Pe'gio  PerincB' i,  {¥.)  Perinee.  The  space 
at  the  inferior  region  of  the  trunk,  between  the 
ischiatic  tuberosities,  anus,  and  genital  organs. 
It  is  smaller  in  the  female  than  in  the  male;  has 
a  triangular  shape,  and  is  divided  into  two  equal 
parts  by  a  median  line,  called  Paphe.  It  is  oc- 
casionally ruptured  in  labour.  At  times,  it  has 
been  made  to  extend  posteriorly  as  far  as  the  os 
coccygis.  The  part  between  the  pudendum  and 
anus  is  sometimes  called  ante'rior  p>erin(B'um,  to 
distinguish  it  from  that  which  extends  from  the 
anus  to  the  coccyx,  caWeii  paste' rior  pieriiicB'um. 

PERIN^US,  Perineal. 

PBRINE'AL,  Perince'us,  Perincea'h's,  Peri- 
nea'lis.  That  which  relates  or  belongs  to  the 
perintBum;  as  Perineal  artery,  P.  hernia,  &c. 

Perineal  Aponeurosis,  P.  Pascia. 

Perineal  Arteev,  Arte'rin  perincea'lis.  Su- 
perficial artery  of  the  Perina'um.  A  branch  of 
the  internal  pudic  distributed  to  the  perinreum. 

Perineal  Cutaneous  Nerve,  see  Sciatic 
nerve,  lesser. 

Perineal  Fas'cia,  F.  Perinca'i,  Perine'al  apo- 
neuro'sis.  The  fascias,  —  superficial  and  deep- 
seated — Perine'al  lig'ament —  Camper's  ligament, 
Trian'gidar  lig'ament, — which  belong  to  the  peri- 
nteum. 

Perine'al  Fossa,  Fossa  perince'i,  Isehio-recfal 
fossa.  A  conical  fossa,  the  base  of  which  cor- 
responds with  the  skin  ;  is  formed  anteriorly  by 
the  transversus  perin£ei  muscle ;  behind,  by  the 
inferior  border  of  the  glutseus  maximus ;  inter- 
nally, by  the  levator  ani;  and  externally,  by  the 
tuber  ischii.  It  is  filled  up  with  fat  and  fibrous 
strioe. 

Perineal  Ischuria,  Ischu'ria  Perinea'lis.  A 
name  given  by  Sauvages  to  retention  of  urine, 
caused  by  a  tumour  seated  in  the  perinseum. 

Perineal  Ligament,  see  P.  fascia. 

Perineal  Nerve.  A  branch  of  the  internal 
pudic ;  which  is  mainly  distributed  to  the  peri- 
nasum  and  scrotum  of  the  male ;  and  to  the  vulva 
and  perinseum  of  the  female. 

Perineal  Region,  Perinseum. 

PERINEE,  Perinseum. 

PERINBPHRI'TIS,  (F.)  Phlegmon  pdrint?- 
phretique,  from  Trepi,  'around,'  vefpng,  'kidney,' 
and  itis,  denoting  inflammation.  Inflammation 
of  the  external  areolar  and  fibrous  membranes  of 
the  kidney,  or  of  their  investing  adipose  areolar 
tissue. 

PERINEPHRUS,  see  Kidney. 

PERINBURION,  Neurilemma. 

PERINYC'TIDES,  ncpt,  and  vu(,  'night.'  An 
eruption  appearing  at  night  and  disappearing  by 
day.  —  Erotian. 

PE'RIOD,  Periodus,  Periodei'a,  Periodeu'sis, 
Sta'dium,  Circu'itiis,  from  ntpi,  '  about,'  and  'oboq, 
'way;'  Circuit.  Periods  are  the  diff'erent  phases 
or  revolutions  of  a  disease, — the  epochs  which  are 
distinguishable  in  the  course  of  a  disease.  Three 
periods  are  commonly  enumerated.  1.  The  ang^ 
mentation,  increase,  or  progress,  [Incremea'tum  :) 

2.  The  acme  or  height,  (F.)  Etat  {Status ;)  and, 

3.  The  decline  {Decrementum.)  Some  authors 
reckon  only  the  invasion  and  termination. 

Period  is  sometimes  used  in  describing  an  in- 
termittent, for  the  time  between  the  commence 
ment  of  a  paroxysm  and  that  of  the  nest,  in- 
cluding the  fit  as  well  as  interval. 

Periotjs,  Monthly,  Menses. 

PERIODEIA,  Period. 


PERIODETJSIS 


656 


PERISPHALSIS 


PEEIODEUSIS,  Period. 

PERIODEUTES,  Charlatan. 

VKRIODICITY, Perwdic"itas,R7>ijihn;  same 
etymon.  The  aptitude  of  certain  physiological 
andf  pathological  phenomena,  in  health  or  dis- 
ease, to  recur  at  particular  periods,  after  longer 
or  shorter  intervals,  during  which  they  cease 
completely.  Diseases,  thus  recurring,  are  called 
Periodical  or  rliyth' inical  —  Typo'ses. 

PERIODOL'OGY,  Periodoloc/'ia ;  from  rc- 
pio5os,  'a  course  or  circuit,'  and  }ioyos,  'a  dis- 
course.' The  doctrine  of  periodicity  in  health 
and  disease. 

PERIODONTI'TIS,  (P.)  PeHodontite,  Inflam- 
mation de  la  Jlemhrane  alveolo-dcntnirc,  from 
TTcpt,  '  about,'  and  ohovs,  '  a  tooth.  Inflammation 
of  the  membrane  that  lines  the  socket  of  a  tooth. 

PERIODO>fTITIS   GlNGIVAEUM,  Ulitis. 

PERIOD'OSCOPEj  from  Trtpio^oj,  'a  period,' 
and  (7K0T£w,  '  I  view.'  An  instrument,  proposed 
by  Dr.  Tyler  Smith,  for  the  ready  calculation  of 
the  periodical  functions  of  the  sex.  It  consists 
of  a  movable  circular  dial,  upon  which  the  months 
and  days  are  engraved,  fixed  on  a  pivot  in  the 
centre  of  a  large  plate  on  which  are  numbered 
the  different  conditions  of  the  reproductive  sys- 
tem, as  conception,  abortion,  premature  labour, 
hemorrhage,  labour,  <&c.  By  a  knowledge  of  the 
date  of  conception,  say  November  14th,  and  fixing 
the  movable  plate  opposite  the  point  on  the  fixed 
plate  which  indicates  conception,  the  observer  is 
enabled,  at  once,  to  see,  that,  allowing  280  days 
for  gestation,  labour  may  be  expected  about  the 
20th  of  August.  The  dial  is  made  of  card-board, 
and  is  afSxed  to  a  small  volume,  in  which  its  uses 
and  applications  are  explained. 

PERIODUS  MORBI,  Type  — p.  Sanguinis, 
Circulation. 

PBRIODYN'IA,  from  vipi,  and  ohvvv,  'pain.' 
A  violent  and  extensive  pain. 
PERIONE,  Decidua. 

PERIOR'BITA,  Perios'teum  or'hitm,  from  Trcpt, 
'around,'  and  orhita,  'the  orbit.'  An  appellation 
used,  by  some,  for  the  periosteum  lining  the  orbit, 
which  is  a  continuation  of  the  dura  mater.  The 
inflammation  of  this  periosteum  is  termed  Peri- 
orhi'tis  or  Penorbiti'tis,  and  Infiamma' tio  perios'- 
tei  or'bitce. 

PERIORBITIS,  see  Periorbita. 
PERIORBITITIS,  see  Periorbita. 
PERIOSTEITIS,  see  Periostitis. 
PERIOS'TEUM,  Perios'teon,  Pcriosteos,  Pe- 
rios'tium,  Circumossa'le,  Membra' na  osais,  Omen'- 
tum  os'sium,  Gircumossa'lis  3femhra'na,  from  irepi, 
'o,round,'  and  oanov,  'a  bone.'  The  periosteum 
is  a  fibrous,  white,  resisting  medium  which  sur- 
rounds the  bones  every  where,  except  the  teeth 
at  their  coronse,  and  the  parts  of  other  bones  that 
are  covered  with  cartilage.  The  external  surface 
is  united,  in  a  more  or  less  intimate  manner,  to 
the  neighbouring  parts  by  areolar  tissue.  Its 
inner  surface  covers  the  bone,  whose  depressions 
it  accurately  follows.  It  is  united  to  the  bone  by 
small,  fibi-ous  prolongations ;  and,  especially,  by 
a  prodigious  quantity  of  vessels,  which  penetrate 
their  substance.  The  periosteum  unites  the  bones 
to  the  neighbouring  parts.  It  assists  in  their 
growtn,  cither  by  furnishing,  at  its  inner  surface, 
as  M.  Bcelard  demonstrated,  an  albuminous  exu- 
dation, which  becomes  cartilaginous,  and  at  length 
ossifies;  —  or  by  fcupporting  the  vessels,  which 
penetrate  them  to  carry  the  materials  of  their 
nutrition.     See  Medullary  membrane. 

Pertosteum  Internum,  Medullary  membrane 
--p.  OrbiOe,  Periorbita. 

PERI  ^STI'TIS,  Perlostei'tis,  Injlamma'tio 


perios'tei,  from  pcriostemn  and  itis,  denoting  in- 
flammation.    Inflammation  of  the  periosteum. 

PERIOSTO'SIS.  Tumour  of  the  periosteum- 
Tumours  are  so  called  which  are  developed  on 
bones,  and  formed  by  their  outer  membrane. 
These  tumours  are  more  rapidly  develojied,  have 
a  less  degree  of  consistence,  and  sooner  disperse 
than  exostoses,  which  they  resemble  greatly. 
PERIPHERAL,  see  Peripheral  aspect. 
Periph'eral,  Periph'en'c,  PeripJier'ical;  from 
TTfpi,  'around,'  and  (peooi,  'I  bear.'  Relating  or 
appertaining  to  the  periphery  or  circumference. 

Peripheral  Aspect.  An  aspect  towards  the 
circumference  of  an  organ. — Barclay.  Periph'- 
erad  is  used  by  the  same  writer  adverbially  to 
signify  '  towards  the  peripheral  aspect.' 

PERIPHERAL  VASCULAR  SYSTEM,  Ca- 
pillary system. 

PERIPHIMOSIS,  Paraphimosis. 
PERIPLEUMONIA,  Peripneumonia. 
PERIPLOCA  INDICA,  Hemidesmus  Indicus. 
PERIP'LYSIS,  from  vrrpi,  and  TrXutrif,  '  the  act 
of  washing;'  Proflu'viirm.     A  copious  discharge 
from  any  part,  especially  from  the  bowels. 

PERIPNEUMO'NIA,  Peripleumo'nia,  Pe- 
rijyneumoni'tis,  True  peripnen'mony,  from  v^pt, 
'around,'  and  T^vEvptoiv,  'the  lung.'  Inflammation 
of  the  substance  of  the  lungs.  —  See  Pneumonia. 
Peripneujionia  Bilio'sa.  Inflammation  of 
the  lungs,  accompanied  with  bilious  fever. 

Peripnedmo'>'ia  Catareha'lis.  Bronchitis  or 
pulmonary  catarrh,  with  pain  in  some  part  of  the 
chest.     Peripneumonia  notha. 

Peripneujio'nia  Notha,  P.  sjm'ria,  P.  pitui- 
to'sa,  P.  catarrha'lis,  Pneumo'nia  notha,  Paeudo- 
jjeripmevmonia,  Psevdo-pneumonia,  Psevdo-pneu- 
moni'tis,  Bronehoc'aee,  BlennotJio'rax,  Obatruc'tio 
pndmo'mim  pituito'sa  fcbri'lis,  Bronchi' tis  asthen'- 
ica,  False  or  Bastard  Peripnen'moiiy,  (P.)  Pe- 
ripineumonie  bdtarde  ou  fattsse.  An  inexact  name, 
under  which  some  affections  are  comprised  that 
resemble    pneumonia;    and,    especially    chronic 
bronchitis   with   pleurodynia.  —  See   Bronchitis 
(chronic.) 
Peripneumonia  Pituitosa,  P.  notha. 
PERIPNEUMONITIS,  Peripneumonia. 
PERIPNEUMONY,  Pneumonia— p.  Bastard, 
Peripneumonia  notha. 

Peripneumony,  Latent.  Peripneumony  whose 
symptoms  are  so  obscure  as  to  be  recognised  with 
difBculty. 

PERIPSYXIS,  Catapsyxis,  Perfrietio. 
PERIPYE'MA,  from  Trcpt,  'about,'  and  ttvov, 
'  pus.'     Suppuration  around  an  organ ;  —  a  tooth, 
for  example. 

PERIRRHCE'A,  Perir'rhoe,  from  vcpi,  '  about,' 
and  ptio,   '1  flow.'     Afiius  of  fluids  from  every 
point  of  the  body  towards  an  organ  which  has  to 
remove  them  from  the  economy.    .A.lso,  enuresis. 
PERIS,  Perin. 
PERISCELIS,  Jarrefih-e. 
PERISCYPIIISMUS,  Periscythismus. 
PERISCYTHIS'MUS,    Periscy'thisis,    Pery'- 
seytis'mus,    Periscy'tisis,    Periscy'pihisis,     Peria- 
cypliismns,    Scalping,    from    rtpi,    'around,'   and 
'LKvdrj;,  'a  Scythian,'  that  is,  'scalping  after  the 
manner  of  the  Scythians.'  An  operation  described 
by  Paulus  of  iEgina.     It  consisted  of  an  incision 
made  around  the  cranium,  and  was  employed  in 
habitual   weakness   of   the   eyes,   paius   of    the 
head,  &c. 

PERISPIIAL'SIS,  Circiimduc'tio,  from  rcpt, 
'about,'  and  (r^aXAo), '  I  move.'  A  circular  motion 
impressed  on  a  luxated  bone,  for  the  purpose  of 
reducing  it. 


PERISSODACTTLUS 


65? 


PERMIXTIO 


PERISSODACTYLUS,  Polydactylus. 

PERISTALTIC,  Systaltic  — p.  Action,  Peris- 
tole. 

PERISTAPHYLINIIS  EXTERNUS,  Circum- 
flexus  musciilus- — p.  Inferior,  Circumflexus  mus- 
culus  —  p.  Intemus,  Levator  palati. 

PERISTERA  ANGEPS,  Pelargonium  anceps. 

PERISTERIUM,  Verbena  officinalis. 

PEPi,ISTER'NA,  from  -acpi,  'about,'  and  cTcp- 
vov, '  the  sternum.'     The  lateral  parts  of  the  chest. 

PERIS'TOLB,  3fotus  Peristal' ticus,  31.  com- 
presso'rius  seu  vermicnla'ris  seu  testndin'eus,  from 
■repi,  '  around,'  and  otsXXju,  '  I  contract,'  '  I  close.' 
The  peristaltic  action  of  the  intestines,  3Iotus 
peristal' ticus.  It  consists  of  a  kind  of  undulation 
or  vermicular  movement,  in  apipearance  irregular, 
but  in  which  the  circular  fibres  of  the  muscular 
membrane  of  the  intestine  contract  successively, 
from  above  downwards,  in  proportion  as  the 
chyme  advances  in  the  alimentarj'  canal ;  so  that, 
being  compressed  above,  it  is  pushed  into  the 
next  portion  of  the  intestine,  whose  fibres  are  in 
a  state  of  relaxation.  When  the  fibres  contract 
inversely,  they  occasion  an  antiperistaltic  action. 
The  peristaltic  action  is  involuntary,  and  is  not 
under  the  immediate  influence  of  either  brain  or 
ispinal  marrow.  It  continues  for  some  time  after 
death. 

PERISTOMA,  Peristroma. 

PERISTOMIUM,  Mouth. 

PERISTRO'MA,  Peris'toma,  Blas'cns  villo'sus, 
Crusta  memhrana' cea,  Cnista  vermicula'ris,  from 
rr£j3i,  'around,'  and  argwyvvfjn,  'to  spread.'  The 
villous  or  mucous  coat  of  the  intestines. — Castelli. 

PERISYS'TOLE,  from  ircpi,  'about,'  and 
tnxrToXt),  '  contraction.'  The  interval  that  exists 
between  the  systole  and  diastole  of  the  heart, 
which  is  only  perceptible  in  the  dying.  —  Bar- 
tholin e. 

PERITERION,  Trepan  per f or atif, 

PERITESTIS,  Albuginea. 

PERITOTNJS,  Peritonreum. 

PERITOME,  Circumcision. 

PERITONyERIX'IS,  Peritonaorex'is,  from 
rtpiToi'aiov,  'the  peritonasum,'  and  priyvv(j),  'I 
break.'  Hernia  formed  by  the  rupture  of  the 
peritona3ura. 

PERITONiE'UM,  Peritmie'um,  Peritona'on, 
Peritonei'on,  Peritonm'os,  Peritoni'on,  Peritoneos, 
Velameu'tum  ahdomina'le,  Tu'nica  piraten'sa  seu 
Operimen'tiim  prcBtensjun  seu  3Iembra'na  ahdom'- 
inis,  Sipliar,  Syphar,  Zepach,  Ziphac,  (F.)  Pe- 
ritoine,  from  ircpi,  '  around,'  and  ruvw,  '  I  sti'etch.' 
A  serous  membrane,  which  lines  the  abdominal 
navity ;  extends  over  the  greater  part  of  the  or- 
gans contained  there  ;  envelops  them  wholly  or 
in  part,  and  maintains  their  respective  relations 
by  means  of  different  prolongations  and  liga- 
mentous folds  : — the  mesentery,  epiploon,  wesoco- 
lon,  &c.  Like  all  the  serous  membranes,  the 
peritoneum  is  a  sort  of  sac  without  aperture, 
which  covers  the  abdominal  organs,  without  con- 
taining them  within  it,  and  the  internal  surface 
of  which  is  smooth,  and  lubricated  by  a  serous 
fluid.  In  the  male  fcetus,  the  peritoneum  fur- 
nishes a  prolongation,  which  accompanies  the 
testicle  at  the  time  of  its  descent,  and,  in  the 
female  foetus,  forms  the  Canal  of  Nuek.  Below 
the  neck  of  the  gall-bladder,  the  peritonasum  has 
a  triangular  opening,  called  the  Foramen  or 
Hiatus  of  Winsloio,  through  which  it  proceeds 
behind  the  stomach,  to  form  a  sort  of  secondary 
cavity,  called  the  posterior  cavity  of  the  perito- 
nceum,  (F.)  Arriire  cavite  peritoniale  ou  Cavite 
des  Epiploons, 

Peritoneum  Duplicattjm,  Epiploon,  gastro- 
colic. 

42 


PERITONITE,  Peritonitis  —p.  Piierpirale, 
see  Peritonitis. 

PERITONI'TIS,  Empres'ma  Peritonitis,  Pe- 
ritonai'tis,  Cauma  Peritonitis,  Inflamma'tio  Pe- 
ritonm'i,  Phlef/'mone  peritona'i,  Phlegma'sia  or 
Inflammation  of  the  Peritona'um,  from  perito- 
neum, and  itis,  denoting  'inflammation.'  (F.) 
Peritonite,  Infiammation  du  Peritoine.  The  cha- 
racteristic signs  of  acute  inflammation  of  the 
peritonasum  are,  —  violent  pain  in  the  abdomen, 
increased  by  the  slightest  pressure,  often  by  the 
simple  weight  of  the  bed-clothes.  It  generally 
occurs  in  the  parturient  state;  and  begins  on  the 
second  or  third  day  after  delivery.  At  times,  a 
malignant  epidemic,  and  perhaps  contagious,  va- 
riety has  made  its  appearance,  and  destroyed 
numbers  of  females.  This  has  been  described 
under  the  name  Pver'peral  Fever,  3Ietropieritoni' - 
tis,  Ene'cia  Syn'ochus  Puerpera'rum,  (F.)  Peri- 
tonite puerperale,  3Ietroperitonite  puerperale, 
Fievre  puerperale.  Typhus 23uer2}eral,  Erythemat' - 
ic  or  Nonplas'tic  Puerperal  Peritonitis,  Typho- 
hm'mic  Peritoni'tis,  Adynam'ic  or  Ifalii/'nant 
Puer'peral  Fever,  Low  Fever  of  Childbed.  It  is, 
according  to  some,  a  malignant  inflammation  of 
the  peritoneum  and  uterus;  according  to  others, 
a  Uterine  Phlebitis.  In  any  form  it  requires 
active  treatment,  early  employed.  The  ap- 
pearances on  dissection  are  such  as  occur  when- 
ever a  serous  membrane  has  been  inflamed,  and 
such  inflammation  has  produced  death  : — efiiision 
of  fluid  with  flakes  of  coagulable  lymph  in  it  ; 
appearances  of  vascularity,  &c.,  in  the  membrane. 
The  treatment — in  active  j^eritonitis  —  must  con- 
sist of  the  same  course  as  recommended  under 
Enteritis.  In  the  chronic  kind,  symptoms  must 
be  combated  as  they  arise,  and  it  may  be  ad- 
visable to  excite  a  new  action  in  the  system  by 
means  of  mercury.  In  the  epidemic  and  malig- 
nant variety,  unless  bleeding  be  freely  employed 
at  the  very  outset,  it  does  harm.  If  used  early, 
it  is  of  decided  advantage.  Every  thing  de- 
pends upon  arresting  the  morbid  process  at  the 
outset. 

Peritonitis,  Erythematic,  see  Peritonitis  — 
p.  Nonplastic,  see  Peritonitis  —  p.  Puerperal,  see 
Peritonitis  —  p.  Typhohaemic,  see  Peritonitis. 

PERITTOMA,  Excrement. 

PERITTPHLI'TIS;  from  irtpt,  'around,' and 
typhlitis,  inflammation  of  the  ciBcum.  Inflam- 
mation of  the  areolar  substance  surrounding  the 
caseum.     See  Typhlo-enteritis. 

PERIWINKLE,  LESSER,  Vinca  minor. 

PERIZO'MA,  from  -Kspii^wvvvjti,  {trspi,  and  ^wv- 
vv/xi,  'to  gird,')  'to  gird  around.'  A  bandage;  a 
girdle.  In  Fabricius  Hildanus,  a  truss.  Herpes 
zoster.     The  diaphragm. 

PER'KINISM.  A  thernpeutical  means,  first 
employed  by  Dr.  Elisha  Perkins,  of  Norwich, 
Connecticut,  towards  the  termination  of  the  last 
century,  and  named  after  him.  It  consisted  in 
drawing  over  afi"ected  or  other  parts  the  pointed 
extremities  of  two  metallic  rods,  called  Metallic 
Tractors,  each  made  of  a  difi'erent  metal.  The 
success  obtained,  was  through  the  influence  of 
the  imagination ;  and,  consequently,  as  a  reme- 
dial agent,  it  ranks  as  high  as  animal  magnetism, 
but  no  higher.  The  operation  was,  also,  called 
Tractora'tion. 

PER'KINIST.  A  believer  in  and  practis^r  of 
Perkinisra. 

PERKINIS'TIC.  Relating  or  belonging  t« 
Perkinism. 

PERLA,  Pearl,  Paralampsis. 

PERLE,  Pearl. 

PERMISTIO,  Coition. 

PERMIXTIO,  Coition. 


PERMOTIO 


658 


PERSPIRATION" 


PERMOTIO,  Motion. 

PERNIULEUX,  Deleterious. 

PERNICIOSUS,  Deleterious. 

PERNIO,  Chilblain. 

PERNOCTATIO,  Insomnia. 

PEROCEPH'ALUS,  from  ri/pof,  'deficient,' 
and  Ke(pa\t),  'head.'  A  monster  with  a  defective 
head. 

PEROCOR'MUS,  Ollgospon'dyliia,  from  irripoq, 
'defective,'  and  Kopixos,  'trunk.'  A  malformation 
in  which  the  trunk  is  defective,  and  too  short, 
from  the  absence  of  one  or  more  vertebrae, — the 
head  and  limbs  being  normal. 

PERODACTYLEUS,  Flexor  longus  digitorum 
pedis  profundus  perforans. 

PERODYNIA,  see  Cardialgia. 

PEROMEL'IA,  from  Trripo;,  'wanting/  and 
//jXof,  'a  limb.'  Congenital  misconstruction,  or 
mutilation  of  the  limbs.  A  genus  in  the  noso- 
logy of  Good. 

PEROM'ELUS.  A  monster  possessed  of  the 
deformity  mentioned  above. 

PERONJE,  Fibula—^.  Col  du,  CoUum  fibulse. 

PERONE'AL,  Peronm'uB,  Fibula'ris,  Fib'ular, 
from  Ttioovt],  '  the  fibula.'  Belonging  or  relating 
to  the  fibula. 

Peroneal  Arteky,  Fib'ular  A.,  arises  from 
the  popliteal,  and  is  situate  deeply  in  the  pos- 
terior and  outer  part  of  the  leg.  It  gives  ofl' 
branches  of  little  importance.  Near  the  outer 
ankle,  it  divides  into  two  branches.  1.  The  pos- 
terior peroneal,  which  descends  behind  the  lower 
joint  of  the  fibula,  on  the  outer  surface  of  the 
calcaneum.  2.  The  (interior  peroneal,  which 
crosses  the  inferior  extremity  of  the  interosseous 
ligament,  to  be  distributed  on  the  dorsal  surface 
of  the  foot. 

Peroneal  Muscles  are  three  in  number.  1. 
Peronaus  Brevis,  P.  Secundus,  P.  anti'eus,  P. 
Me'dius,  Semi -fibidm' lis,  (F.)  Grand-peron^o-stis- 
metatarsien,  Court  peroneo-lateral,  Moyen  Pero- 
-ner,  A  muscle,  situate  beneath  the  peronseus 
longus.  It  is  attached  above,  to  the  outer  sur- 
face of  the  fibula,  and  terminates,  below,  at  the 
posterior  extremity  of  the  6th  metatarsal  bone, 
after  having  been  reflected  beneath  the  malleolus 
externus.  It  extends  the  foot  upon  the  leg,  at 
the  same  time  raising  a  little  the  outer  edge.  It 
may,  also,  act  upon  the  leg,  and  extend  it  upon 
the  foot.  2.  PeroncBus  Longus,  Peronmus  primus 
seu  posti'caa,  P.  max'imus  seu  poste'rior,  (F.) 
Tibi-pSronSo-tarsien,  Long  peronier  latSral,  Pe- 
roneo-sous-tarsien,  (Ch.,)  Muscle  grand  pieronier. 
This  muscle  is  situate  at  the  outer  part  of  the  leg. 
It  is  long,  thick,  and  triangular  above ;  thin,  nar- 
row, and  flat  below.  It  is  attached  above  to  the 
outer  edge  of  the  upper  extremity  of  the  fibula, 
and  to  the  upper  third  of  the  outer  surface  of  that 
bone.  Below,  it  terminates  at  the  outer  part  of 
the  posterior  extremity  of  the  first  metatarsal 
bone.  This  muscle  extends  the  foot  on  the  leg, 
turning  its  point  outward,  and  raising  its  outer 
edge.  It  acts,  also,  upon  the  leg,  which  it  ex- 
tends on  the  foot.  3.  Peronmiis  Tertiua,  Nonus 
Vesa'lii,  (F.)  Peronier  anterieur.  Petit  pieroneo- 
eus-metataraien  (Ch.,)  Petit  Peronier,  A  muscle, 
situate  at  the  anterior,  outer,  and  inferior  part  of 
the  leg.  It  is  long  and  flat,  and  is  attached, 
above,  to  the  inferior  third  of  the  anterior  mar- 
gin and  inner  surface  of  the  fibula;  terminating, 
below,  at  the  posterior  extremity  of  the  5th  me- 
tatarsal bone.  This  muscle  bends  the  foot  on  the 
leg,  by  raising  its  outer  edge.  It  can,  also,  bend 
fho  leg  on  the  foot. 

Pkroneal  Nerve,  see  Popliteal  nerves. 

Peroneal  Vein  follows  the  same  course  as 
tne  urtery 


PERONE  DACTYLIUS,  Flexor  longus  digi- 
torum  pedis  profundus  perforans. 

PERONEO-LATERAL  COURT,  Peronjeus 
brevis  — p.  Phalanginien  dn  gros  orteil,  Flexor 
longus  pollicis  pedis  — p.  Sous-phalangettien  dn 
pouce.  Flexor  longus  pollicis  pedis — p.  Soua- 
taraien,  PeronaBus  longus — p.  Sus-metataraien, 
Perona3US  tertius — p.  Sua-metatarsien,  grand, 
Peronseus  brevis — p.  Sua-phalangeltien  du  pouce, 
Extensor  proprius  pollicis  pedis  — p.  Tibi  eua- 
phalangettien  commun.  Extensor  communis  digi- 
torum pedis — p.  Sus-phalangien  du  pouce,  Ex- 
tensor proprius  pollicis  pedis. 

PERONEtM,  Fibula. 

PERONIER,  GRAND,  Peronasus  longus  — 
p.  Lateral,  long,  Peronseus  longus  — p.  3Ioyen, 
Peronseus  brevis  — p.  Petit,  Peronaeus  tertius. 

PERONODACTYLI^US,  Flexor  longus  digi- 
torum pedis  profundus  perforans. 

PERONODACTYLIUS,  Flexor  longus  digi- 
torum pedis  profundus  perforans. 

PEROSO'MUS,  from  Trnpog,  'mutilated,'  and 
cfi>na,  'body.'  A  monster,  whose  whole  body  is 
imperfectly  developed.  —  Gurlt. 

PEROSPLANCH'NICA,  from  7r>7pof,  'want- 
ing,' and  atr'Kayxi'ov,  'a  viscus.'  Congenital  mis- 
construction of  the  viscera.  A  genus  in  the  no- 
sology of  Good. 

PERPENDICULUM  HEPATIS,  Suspensory 
ligament  of  the  liver. 

PERPERACU'TUS.  'Extremely  acute.'  An 
epithet  applied  to  very  violent  and  rapid  diseases. 

PERPLEXI  MORBI,  see  Complication. 

PERPLICA'TION,  Perplica'tio ;  from  per, 
'through,'  and  ^j?i"co,  'I  fold.'  A  method  of  tying 
arteries,  which  consists  in  making  a  small  inci- 
sion in  the  side  of  the  artery,  near  its  bleeding 
orifice,  introducing  a  small  pair  of  forceps,  seizing 
the  open  extremity,  and  drawing  it  Ijackward, 
through  the  aperture  made  in  the  side  of  the 
vessel,  so  as  to  form  a  kind  of  knot. 

PERROSIN,  see  Pinus  abies. 

PERSEA  CAMFORA,  See  Camphor— p.  Cas- 
sia, Laurus  cassia — p.  Cinnamomum,  Laurus  ein- 
namomum  —  p.  Cubeba,  Piper  cubeba. 

Per'sea  Gatis'sima,  Paha  tree.  A  slender, 
very  high  tree  of  Peru,  with  a  small  dome-like 
top,  which  grows  on  the  eastern  declivity  of  the 
Andes,  and  rises,  at  times,  to  the  height  of  more 
than  CO  feet.  Its  fruit,  —  (S.)  Palta — which  is 
pear-shaped,  is  generally  much  liked.  It  dis- 
solves, like  butter,  on  the  tongue,  and  hence  is 
called,  in  some  of  the  French  colonies,  heurre 
vegetalc. 

Persea  PicHCTRnr,  see  Pichurim  beans  —  p. 
Sassafras,  Laurus  sassafras. 

PERSIAN  FIRE,  Anthracion. 

PERSICA  VULGARIS,  Amygdalus  Persica. 

PERSIC  AIRE  DOUCE,  Persicaria. 

PERSICARIA,  Polygonum  Persicaria— p.  Mi- 
nor, Polygonum  Persicaria^ — p.  Mitis,  Polygonum 
Persicaria^ p.  Urens,  Polygonum  hydropiper  — 
p.  Wandspiked,  Pol3'gonum  Virginianum. 

PER SIL,  Apium  petroselinum  —  p.  d'Ant, 
Chasrophylliim  sylvestre  — jj.  Faux,  j3Ethusa  cy- 
napium — p,  de  Maeedoine,  Bubon  Macedonicum 
—  p.  de  Montague,  Athamanta  aureoselinum.  ' 

PERSIMMON,  Diospyros  Virginiana. 

PERSOLATA,  Arctium  lappa. 

PERSOLLATA,  Arctium  lappa. 

PERSOLUTA,  Arctium  lappa. 

PERSPICILLUM,  see  Spectacles. 

PERSPIRABILE  SANCTORIANUM,  Per- 
spiration. 

PERSPIRA'TION,  Perspira'tio,  Transpirn'- 
tio,  Diffla'tio,  Diap'noe,  Diapnoc'a,  Diapneu'sis, 
Pcrsjjirah'ile  Sanctoria'num,  {rom  per,  'through,' 


PERSUDATIO 


659 


PESTILENTIAL 


and  spirare,  'to  breathe,  exhale.'  The  imensille 
transpiration  or  exhalation  continually  going  on 
at  the  surface  of  the  skin  and  membranes.  Sen- 
sible perspiration  is  called  sweat.  The  perspira- 
tory fluid  is  secreted  by  an  appropriate  glandular 
apparatus,  termed  by  Breschet  diapnog"enous, 
or  sudorip' arous  glands,  Gland'uIcB  sudorip'arcB, 
Or'gana  sudorij}' ara,  sweat  glands,  consisting  of 
a  secreting  parenchyma,  situate  beneath  the  true 
Bkin,  and  of  spiral  ducts,  -which  open  obliquely 
under  the  scales  of  the  epidermis.  A  certain 
portion  of  the  perspired  fluid  is  thrown  off  by 
ordinary  physical  evaporation. 

The  Pulmonary  exhalation  or  transpiration  is 
that  which  takes  place  into  the  bronchia,  and  is 
sent  out  with  the  expired  air. 

PERSUDATIO,  Diapedesis. 

PERSULTATIO,  Diapedesis. 

PERTE,  Metrorrhagia — p.  d'Appetit,  Ano- 
rexia— p.  de  la  Ifemoire,  Amnesia — p.  de  I'Odo- 
rat.  Anosmia — p.  de  Sang,  Hasmorrhagia — p).  de 
la  Voix,  Aphonia — p.  de  la  Vue,  Csecitas. 

PERTEREBRANT,  Perter'ehrans;  from  per, 
'through,'  and  terehrare,  'to  bore.'  The  French 
give  this  epithet  to  an  acute  pain — Douleur  j^er- 
terebrante — which  occasions  a  sensation  like  that 
which  would  be  produced  by  an  instrument  pe- 
netrating and  lacerating  a  part  j  — the  pain  from 
•whitlow,  for  example. 

PERTES  BLANCHES,  Leueorrhoea— p.  de 
Sang,  Metrorrhagia — p.  Seminales,  Spermator- 
rhoea—  p.  Uterines,  Metrorrhagia — p).  Uterines 
rouges,  Metrorrhagia — p.  Uterines  blanches,  Leu- 

PERTICA  PER  SB,  Penis. 
PERTURBATIONES   ANIMI,  Affections  of 
the  mind. 

PBRTURBA'TRIX,  (Mediei'na)  .Per'turha- 
ting  Treatment,  (F.)  Methode  ou  Medecine  per- 
turbatrice.  A  mode  of  treatment  in  which  very 
active  means  are  employed,  and  such  as  impress 
upon  diseases  a  different  course  from  that  natural 
to  them.  It  is  the  antithesis  to  the  Medicina  ex- 
pectans.  Much  evil  has  resulted  from  such  treat- 
ment, especially  in  febrile  diseases. 

PERTUS'SIS,  from  per,  a  prefix  denoting  ex- 
cess, and  ttcssis,  'a  cough.'  Ttissis  feri'na,  T. 
convulsi'va,  T.  pu'eros  strang'ulans,  T.  quinta,  T. 
atomacha'lis,  T.  an'hela  clamo'sa,  T.  sfran'gulans, 
T.  delas'sans,  T.  suf'focans,  T.  amphenier'ina,  T. 
tussiaulo' sa,  T.  spasmod'ica,  T.  asini'na,  T.  cani'- 
na,  Bronchi' tis  convulsi'va,  Bron'chocephali'tis, 
Pneusis  jjertus'sis,  Amphenier'ina,  Orthopnce'a 
tussicnlo'sa,  clango'sa,  snffocati '  va,  clamo'sa, 
spasmod'ica.  Morbus  Cucul'lus,  Morbtts  cuculla'- 
ris,  Oueidtis,  Bechorthopnoe'a,  Bex  convulsi'va, 
Bex  therio'des.  Hooping-cough,  Whooping-cotigh, 
Chin-cough,  Kin-cough,  Kind-cough,  (Germ. 
Kind,  'a  child,')  (F.)  Coqucluche,  Cutarrhe  on 
Bronchi te  convulsive,  Toux  convulsive,  T.  quin- 
teuse,  T.  bleue,  Maladie  cuculaire.  A  violent 
convulsive  cough,  returning  by  fits,  (F.)  Quintes, 
at  longer  or  shorter  intervals ;  and  consisting  of 
several  expirations,  followed  by  a  sonorous  in- 
spiration or  whoop.  The  fits  of  coughing  gene- 
rally recur  more  frequently  during  the  night, 
morning,  and  evening,  than  in  the  day.  It  is 
esteemed  to  be  contagious,  and  attacks  the  young 
more  particularly.  It  is  rare  for  it  to  affect  an 
individual  for  the  second  time.  The  duration  is 
various, — six  or  eight  weeks  or  more.  Although 
the  paroxysms  are  very  violent,  it  is  not  a  dan- 
gerous disease.  It  may,  however,  give  rise  to 
other  affections,  as  convulsions,  pneumonia,  &c., 
when  the  complication  is  very  dangerous,  as  the 
cause  cannot  be  removed.  Those  children  suffer 
the  least,  who  evacuate  the  contents  of  the  sto- 
mach during  the  fit.     In  the  treatment,  all  that 


can  be  done  is  to  palliate.  It  must  be  borne  in 
mind,  that  the  disease  will,  in  time,  wear  itself 
out.  If  there  be  much  tensive  pain  of  the  head,  or 
fever,  bleeding  may  be  required,  but  it  is  seldom 
necessary.  Narcotics  occasionally  afford  relief, 
but  it  is  temporary.  Gentle  emetics,  given  occa- 
sionally, when  the  paroxysms  are  long  and  dry, 
give  decided  relief,  and  aid  in  the  expectoration 
of  the  morbid  secretions.  After  the  disease  has 
continued  for  some  weeks,  and  persists  in  part 
from  habit,  change  of  air  is  essential,  and  this, 
even  should  the  change  be  to  an  atmosphere 
that  is  less  pure. 
PERU,  see  Lima. 
PERUNCTIO,  Inunction. 
PER  VENCHE,  Vinca  minor. 
PERVER'SION,  Perver'sio,  from  per  and  ver- 
tere,  'to  turn.'  Bias'trophe,  Diastrem'ma.  One 
of  the  four  modifications  of  function  in  disease : 
the  three  others  being  augmentation,  diminution, 
and  abolition.  The  humourists  used  this  term 
also  to  designate  disorder  or  morbid  change  in 
the  fluids. 

PERVERSION  I)E  LA  TIETE  BES  OS 
ET  jDES  3IUSCLES,  Loxarthrus. 

PERVIGILIUM,  Insomnia,  Coma  vigil. 
PES,  TTovi,  Ichnus,  (F.)  Pied,  'the  foot.'  The 
inferior  extremity  of  the  abdominal  member, 
representing  a  bony  arch,  an  elastic  vault,  which 
transmits  the  weight  of  the  body  to  the  ground. 
It  is  divided  into  three  parts ; — the  tarsus,  meta- 
tarsus, and  toes. 

Pes  Alexandrinus,  Anthemis  pyrethrum — p. 
Anserinus,  Chenopodium  bonus  Henricus,  Facial 
nerve — p.  Cati,  Antennaria  Dioica — p.  Equinus, 
see  Kyllosis  —  p.  Hippocampi  major,  Cornu  am- 
monis — p.  Hippocampi  minor,  Hippocampus  mi- 
nor— p.  Hippopotami  major,  Cornu  ammonis — p. 
Hippopotami  minor,  Cornu  ammonis — p.  Leonis, 
Alchemilla. 

PESANTEUR,  "Weight— p.  Spccifique,  Gra- 
vity, specific. 

PESE-ACIDE,  Acidometer — p.  Liqueur,  Are- 
ometer— p.  Sirop,  Saccharometer. 

PES'SARY,  Pessa'rium,  from  vcaaoi,  'a  small 
stone.'  Pessus,  Pessum,  Pes'sidus,  Supjjosito'rium 
iiteri'num,  Glans,  Lemnis'cus.  A  solid  instrument, 
composed  of  cork,  ivory,  or  elastic  gum,  which  is 
introduced  into  the  vagina  to  support  the  uteras, 
in  cases  of  prolapsus  or  relaxation  of  that  organ ; 
to  keep  vaginal  hernia  reduced,  &c.  The  an- 
cients made  use  of  medicated  pessaries,  which 
they  distinguished  into  emollient,  astring  mt, 
aperient,  &c.  The  form  of  pessaries  is  very  va- 
riable; —  round,  oval,  &o.,  according  to  cirt  jm- 
stances. 

Pessary,  Egyptian,  ^gyptius  pessus. 
PESSULUS,  Pessary,  Penis. 
PESSUM,  Pessary. 
PESSUS,  Pessary. 
PEST,  Plague. 
PESTE,  Plague. 
PESTICHIiB,  Petechia. 
PESTICI^,  PetechijB. 

PES'TILENCE,  Pesfilen'tia,  Pestil'ifas,  ixom 
2}e^tis,  'a  pest.'  A,  malignant  spreading  diw-ase; 
— applied  especially  to  plague. 

Pestilence,  Choleeic,  Cholera  spasmoc^'ca — • 
p.  Glandular,  Plague  —  p.  Hfemagastric,  jt-ever. 
yellow — p.  Septic,  Plasrue. 

PESTILENT-WORT,  Tussilago  petasitei. 
PESTILENTIA,  Plague  —  p.  Hajmagaotrica, 
Fever,  yellow. 

PESTILENT'IAL,  Pestilentia'lis,  PestiUmtia'^- 
rius,  Pestilentio'sus,  Pestilen'fus,  from  peiiis,  '  a 
pest.'  Relating  to  the  plague.  Pestilential  dis- 
eases are  those  that  bear  some  resemblance  to  the 


PESTILITAS 


660 


PEUCEDANUM 


plague,  in  respect  to  mode  of  propagation,  symp- 
toms, danger,  &c. 

PESTILITAS,  Plague. 

PESTIS,  Plague— p.  Acutissima,  Plague— p. 
Adeno-septica,  Plague  —  p.  Americana,  Pever, 
yellow — p.  Bellica,  Tj'phus — p.  Britannica,  Sudor 
Anglicus  —  p.  Bubonaria  orientalis.  Plague  —  p. 
Contagiosa,  Plague — p.  Glandulosa,  Plague  —  p. 
Glossanthrax,  Glossanthrax  —  p.  Inguinaria, 
Plague — p.  Intertropica,  Eever,  yellow-^p.  Occi- 
deutalis,  Pever,  yellow  —  p.  Orientalis,  Plague — 
p.  Septica,  Plague — p.  Variolosa,  Variola. 

PESTLE,  Pilum— p.  Spring,  see  Pilum. 

PET,  Fart. 

PETALE,  Phtheiriasis. 

PETASITES,  Tussilago  petasites  — p.  Hybri- 
da,  Tussilago  petasites — p.  Officinalis,  Tussilago 
petasites — p.  Vulgaris,  Tussilago  petasites. 

PETAURUM.  A  scat  suspended  by  ropes,  in 
which  a  person  taking  the  exercise  sat,  and  was 
tossed  about  by  assistants. — Juvenal  and  Martial. 

PETE'CHI^,  Petic'ulcB,  Pestich'im,  Pestle" iw, 
Pimctic'tdcB,  Pur'jmra  maliy'na,  Por'vJiyra  Grm- 
co'rum.  Small  spots,  similar  in  shape  and  colour 
to  flea-bites,  which  occur  spontaneously  upon  the 
skin,  in  the  course  of  severe  fevers,  &o.  They 
are,  under  such  circumstances,  signs  of  great 
prostration. 

Petechia  sraE  Pebke,  Purpura  simplex. 

PETECHIAL  SCUP.VY,  Purpura  simplex. 

PETECHIANOSIS,  Purpura  hcemorrhagica. 

PET'ELA  TRIFOLIA'TA,  Shrubby  Tre'foil, 
Swamp  dor/wood,  Stinking  Pra'irie  Bush,  Stink- 
ing ash,  Wing-seed.  A  tall  indigenous  shrub — 
famihj,  Xanthoxj'lacesB — which  flowers  in  June. 
It  has  been  used  as  a  tonic  and  antiperiodie. 

PETER'S  PILLS,  Pilulas  Aloes  et  Cambogia) 
—  p.  Worm  lozenges,  see  Worm  lozenges,  Sher- 
/nan's. 

PETICULiE,  PetechiEe. 

PETIGO,  Impetigo. 

PETIjSTA,  Sole. 

PETIOLUS,  Pediolus,  diminutive  of  pea,  '  a 
foot.  A  footstalk  or  leafstalk  of  a  plant.  A 
petiole. 

Petiolus  Epiglottidis.  The  root  of  the  epi- 
glottis. 

Petioltjs  Mallei,  Manubrium  mallei. 

PETIT  CO  URIER,  Influenza— p.  Lait,  Serum 
Inctis — p.  Lait  d' Hoffmann,  Serum  lactis  Iloff- 
manni — p.  3Ial,  see  Epilepsy — p.  Sus-maxillo- 
lahiaU  Levator  anguli  oris. 

PETITE  POS'TE,  Influenza. 

PETROLEUM,  Petroleum. 

PETRyEUM,  Solidago  virgaurea. 

PETRAPIUM,  Eubon  Macedonicum. 

PETREOLE,  Petroleum. 

PETREUX,  {OS,)  see  Temporal  bone. 

PETRO  DEL  PORCO,  Bezoar  of  the  Indian 
porcupine. 

PETROLE,  Petroleum. 

PETRO'LEUM,  Petrolce'nm,  Petrcsleum,  Petra 
olexun,  Bitu'men  Petroleiim,  Pisselce'iim  In'dieum, 
Rock  Oil,  Petroleum  Barbaden'se,Barbadoea  Tar, 
(F.)  Petrole  ou  Pet.reole,  from  Trcrpog,  'rock,'  and 
eXaiov,  '  oil.'  A  bituminous  substance  of  a  fetid 
odour,  and  bitter,  acrid  taste*  It  is  semi-liquid, 
t&nacious,  semi-transparent;  of  a  reddish-brown 
colour;  insoluble  in  water  and  alcohol;  combines 
•with  fixed  and  essential  oils  and  sulphur;  and  is 
partially  soluble  in  ether.  The  petroleum  found 
at  Gabian,  near  B^ziers,  in  France,  has  been 
called  Oleum  Gabia'num,  (F.)  Huile  de  Gabian, 
Petrolpum  ruovum. 

PETRO-OCCII'ITAL,  Petro-occipitalis.  Be- 
longing tu.  the  petrous  portion  of  the  temporal 
bone  and  to  the  occipital  bone. 


Petro-Occipital  Suture  is  formed  by  the 
junction  of  the  petrous  portion  of  the  temporal  to 
the  occipital  bone.  It  is  a  deep  groove  separa- 
ting the  bones,  which  have  between  them  a  thin 
layer  of  cartilage. 

PETRO -SALPIN'GO-PHARYNGEUS.  A 
fleshy  fasciculus,  which  extends  from  the  sphe- 
noid bone,  from  the  petrous  portion  of  the  tem- 
poral bone,  and  from  the  Eustachian  tube  to  the 
upper  part  of  the  pharynx.     See  Constrictor. 

PETRO-SALPINGO-STAPHYLINUS,  Cir- 
cumflexus — p.  Salpingo-staphylinus,  Levator  pa- 
lati — p.  Staphylin,  Levator  palati. 

PETRO-SPHENOID'AL,  Petro-sphenoida'lis. 
Belonging  to  the  petrous  portion  of  the  temporal 
bone  and  to  the  sphenoid  bone. 

Petho-Sphenoidal  Suture;  —  a  name  given 
to  the  small  suture  which  is  formed  by  the  ante- 
rior edge  of  the  petrous  portion  of  the  temporal 
bone  and  the  posterior  edge  of  the  sphenoid. 

Petroleum  Barbadense,  Petroleum. 

Petroleum  Sulphura'tum,  Bal'samum  Sul- 
2')huris  Barbaden'se, — (Composed  oi  petrol.  Bar- 
bad,  ^xvj,  _/?or.  Sulph.  ^iv)  has  been  used  as  a 
pectoral;  and  as  a  detergent  to  ulcers.  It  has 
been  accounted  antispasmodic  and  sudorific. 
Dose,  gtt.  X  to  XXX.  Externally,  it  is  used  as  a 
stimulant  and  discutient. 

PETROSAL,  Petrous. 

PETROSELINUM,  Apium  petroselinum  — p. 
Macedonicum,  Bubon  Macedonicum. 

PETROSUM,  OS,  see  Temporal. 

PETROUS,  Petro'siis,  Pctro'sal,  from  Tttrpog, 
'a  stone.'  Resembling  stone;  having  the  hard- 
ness of  stone. 

Petrous  Gan'glion,  Petro'sal  Ganglion,  Gan- 
glion of  Andersch,  is  formed  by  the  glosso-pha- 
ryngeal  nerve,  shortly  after  it  emerges  from  the 
jugular  fossa.  From  this  ganglion,  M.  Jacobson 
of  Copenhagen  traced  an  anastomosing  loop 
through  the  cavity  of  the  tympanum,  which  left 
branches  there,  and  was  thence  reflected  down- 
wards to  join  the  Vidian  nerve. —  See  Otic  Gan- 
glion. This  has  been  called  the  Nerve  of  Jacob- 
son,  Tympan'ie  branch  of  the  glosso-pharyngeal, 
and  the  inosculation,  Jacolson's  Anastomo'sis. 

Petrous  Portion  of  Temporal  Bone,  see 
Temporal  Bone — p.  Process,  see  Temporal  Bone. 

Petrous  Si'nuses,  Petro'sal  Sinuses,  are  two 
venous  sinuses  of  the  dura  mater,  connected  with 
the  petrous  portion  of  the  temporal  bone,  and 
distinguished  on  each  side,  into  :  —  1.  The  supe- 
rior petrosal  sinus.  It  arises  from  the  cavernous 
sinus  ;  follows  the  upper  edge  of  the  petrous  por- 
tion which  afi'ords  it  a  gutter;  passes  into  the 
great  circumference  of  the  tentorium  cerebelli, 
and  opens  into  the  lateral  sinus  where  the  latter 
experiences  a  bend  near  the  base  of  the  pars  pe- 
trosa.  Its  form  is  triangular.  2.  The  inferior 
petrosal  sinus  arises  from  the  cavernous  sinus  at 
the  same  point  as  the  last,  with  which  it  commu- 
nicates at  the  moment  of  its  origin.  It  descends 
between  the  inferior  edge  of  the  pars  petrosa  and 
the  basilary  process ;  and  terminates  in  the  late- 
ral sinus,  at  the  sinus  or  gulf  of  the  internal  ju- 
gular vein.  It  is  triangular,  and  broader  at  its 
extremities  than  at  the  middle. 

PETUM,  Nicotiana  tabacum. 

PEUCE,  Pinus  sylvestris. 

PEUCEA  BALSAMEA,  see  Pinus  abies. 

PEUCEDANUM,  P.officina'le,P.alsat'icum  seu 
altia'simum  seu  panictda'tum  seu  terna'tnm,  Sc- 
li'nuw  peuced'anum,  Mar' athrum  sylves'tre,  Mara- 
throphyl'  lum,  Pinastcl'lum,  Fccnic'  ulnmporci'nvm, 
Bonus  Ge'nius,  Hog's  Fennel,  Snlphurwort,  (F.) 
Queue  de  Pourceau,  Fenouil  de  Pore.  Fainily, 
Umbelliferse.  Sex.  Syst.  Pentandria  Digynia. 
The  root  has  a  strong,  fetid  smell — somewhat  re- 


PEVPLIER 


6fil 


PHALANX 


semliling  that  of  sulphureous  solutions — and  an 
acrid,  unctuous,  bitterish  taste.  It  has  been  re- 
commended as  antihysteric  and  nervine. 

Peucedaxum  Alsaticum,  Peucedanuni — p.  Al- 
tissimum.Peucedanum — p.OSicinale,Peucedanum 
— p.  Oreoselinum,  Athamanta  aureoseliniim — p. 
Pauiculatum,  Peucedanum — p.Pi-atense,  P.  silaus. 
Peucedanum  Silaus,  P.praten'se,  Ses'eli pra- 
ten'se,  Stum  sil'aiis,  Ligus'ticum  ail'aus,  Ciiid'ium 
til' ails,  Saxif'raga  vulga'ris,  S.  An'glica,  Hippo- 
mar'athrum,  Fomic'idum  er'raticum,  English  or 
Meadow  S(xx'ifrage,  (F.)  Seseli  des  pres.  The 
roots,  leaves,  and  seeds  have  been  recommended 
as  aperients,  diuretics,  and  carminatives.  Rarely 
used. 

Peucedanum  Ternatum,  Peucedanum. 
PEUPLIEli  NOIR,  Populus. 
PEXIS,  Concretion. 

PEY'EEI  GljA.WD'U'LM,G.Perjeria'ncB,Pey'- 
eri  Plexus  glandtdo'si,  Gland' idm  miico'sa  coag- 
mina'tm  seu  agmina'tcB  seu  mueip'arcB  racema'tim 
conges'tcB  intestino'rum,  G.  tntestina'les  sen  plexi- 
for'mes  seu  spu'rim,  Corpus' cida  glandula'rum 
aimil'ia  seu  Gland'ulcB  in  agmen  eongrega'tce  in- 
testino'rum,  Enterade'nes,  Pei/er's  Glands,  Ag'mi- 
■nated  or  aggregate  glands.  Small  glands  or  fol- 
licles, situate  beneath  the  villous  coat  of  the  in- 
testines. They  are  clustered  together,  having  a 
honey-comb  appearance — Plaques  gavfrees — and 
are  extremely  numerous.  They  occur  most  nu- 
merously in  the  lower  portion  of  the  ileum.  Their 
.structure  and  functions  are  not  well  known. 

PEZA,  7!£^a,  Doric  and  Arcadian  for  irovg,  'a 
foot.'  The  foot:  according  to  some,  the  sole  of  the 
foot;  and  to  others,  the  astragalus.  The  ankle. 
PEZrZA  seu  PEZE'ZA  AURICULA,  Tre- 
inell'a  auric'ida,  Auricula  JudcB,  Auricula'ria 
sambu'ci  seu  sambu'cina,  Exid'ia  auric' ulajudm, 
Jleru'lius  auric'ula,  Fungus  sambu'cinus,  Agar'i- 
cits  Auric' ulm  forma,  Jew's  Ear.  This  fungus  is 
said  to  be  astringent ;  but  has  chiefly  been  used 
as  a  gargle  in  relaxed  sore  throat. 

PFEFFERS  or  PFAFFERS,  MINERAL 
WATERS  OF,  Thermos  Piperi'na:,  Th.  faha'- 
ricB.  These  springs,  which  are  in  the  Swiss  Alps, 
are  simply  thermal:  temperature  100°  of  Fah- 
renheit. 

PHAGE,  Pha'cea,  Phacus,  6aKri ;  a  grain  of 
the  lentil,  Ervum  lens.  Also,  chloasma ;  the 
crystalline  lens ;  and  a  flask  for  the  application 
of  heat,  so  called  owing  to  its  flattened  lens-like 
shape. 

PHACELLUS,  Fasciculus. 
PHACELUS,  Fasciculus. 
PHACHYMENITIS,  Phacohymenitis, 
PHACI,  Ephelides. 

PHA'CICUS,/'^arco'f«s,  Phaco'des;  flora  ^aKv, 
'lens.'     Lens-shaped,  lenticular. 

PHACI'TIS,  Phacoidei'tis,  Lenti'tis,Crystal- 
li'tis,  Gleni'tis,  from  (paKog,  'a  lens,'  and  itis,  a 
termination  denoting  inflammation.  Inflamma- 
tion of  the  crystalline  lens.  Inflammation  of  the 
capsule  of  the  lens  is  termed  Capsi'tis,  CapsuW- 
tis,  and  Crystal' lino-capsuli' tis. 
PHACO'DES,  Phacicus. 

PHACOHYMENI'TIS,  Phahomeni'tis,  PTiac- 
Jii/meni'tis,  Inflamma'tio  eap'sidce  lentis ;  from 
(paxog,  'a,  lens,'  'vixrjv,  'a  membrane,'  and  itis,  de- 
noting inflammation.  Inflammation  of  the  cap- 
sule of  the  crystalline. 

PHACOIDEITIS,  Phacitis. 
PHACOMALACIA,  Cataract,  soft. 
PHAC'OPIS,    Phaco'ftis;    from    <paKv,    'lens,' 
and  KOTTis,  '  a  knife  ;'   Scalpel'lum  lenticula're.     A 
lenticular-shaped  knife. 

PHACOPS'IS,  from  ^uk,,,  'lens/  and  o^i;,  'vi- 


sion.'    The   state  of  one   who   has   chloasma  or 
freckles  on  the  face. 

PHACOPTIS'ANA,    Pha'cium ;    from    (panrj, 
•lens,'  and  nTtaavi],  'drink.'     A  drink  of  lentils. 
A  poultice,  of  lentils. 
PHACOS,  Ervum  lens. 
PHACOSCOTOMA,  Cataract. 
PHACOTUS,  Phacicus,  Phacopis. 
PHACUS,  Phace. 

PHADARODES,  Trachoma  tuberculosum. 
PHADAROSIS,  Trachoma  tuberculosum. 
PHyENIGMUS,  Phenigmus. 
PHiENOMENOLOGIA,  Semiology. 
PHENOMENON,  Phenomenon. 
PHAGENA.  Boulimia. 

PHAGEDJ3NA,  Boulimia,  Phagedenic  ulcer— 
p.  Sloughing  of  the  mouth.  Cancer  aquatjcus — p. 
Gangrenosa,  Hospital  gangrene. 

PHAGEDEN'IC,  Phageda'nicus,  Bepae'cens, 
from  (payoi,  '  I  eat.' 

Phagedenic  Ulcer,  Nome,  Phagedce'na,  Ulcitu 
dejjae'cens  seu  obam'bulans  seu  feri'nnm,  is  one 
which  rapidly  eats  and  corrodes  the  neighbouring 
parts. 

Phageden'ic,  in  Materia  Medica,  is  a  substance 
used  for  destroying  fungous  granulations  in  ul- 
cers, &c. 

PHAKOHYMENITIS,  Phacohymenitis. 
PHALACRA,  Calvities. 
PHALACROMA,  Calvities. 
PHALACROSIS,  Calvities. 
PHALACROTIS,  Alopecia. 
PHALiENA  PINGUINALIS,  see  Ectozoa. 
PHALAIA.     A  barbarous  term,  employed  by 
Basil  Valentine  to  designate  a  universal  medicine 
or  panacea. 

PHALAN'GAL,  Phalan'gian,  Phalangia'nus. 
Having  relation  to  a  phalanx. 

PHALANGARTHRI'TIS,    from   <paUy^,    'a 
phalanx,' apflpoi',  'a  joint,'  and  la's,  denoting  in- 
flammation.   Gout  in  the  fingers.     Inflammatioa 
of  the  joints  of  the  fingers. 
PHALANGE,  Phalanx. 

PHALANGES  DES  DOIGTS,  see  Phalanx— 
p.  of  the  Fingers,  see  Phalanx — p>-  '"''^*  Orteils, 
see  Phalanx  —  p.  of  the  Toes,  see  Phalanx. 
PHALANGETTES,  see  Phalanx. 
PHALANGETTIEN.  Professor  Chaussier 
uses  this  term  for  any  thing  relating  to  the  third 
phalanx  of  the  fingers  or  toes,  —  Phalangien,  for 
what  relates  to  the  first, — and  Phalanyinien,  to 
the  second. 

PHALANGIAN,  Phalangal. 
PHALANGIEN,  see  Phalangettien. 
PHALANGTNES,  see  Phalanx. 
PHALANGINFEN,  see  Phalangettien. 
PHALANGIUM  ESCULENTUM,   Scilla  es- 
culenta. 

PHALANGO'SIS,  Hispid' Has,  from  <paXay^, 
'  a  row  of  soldiers.'  An  affection  of  the  eyelids 
in  which  the  lashes  are  arranged  in  two  or  three 
rows.  See  Trichiasis.  Also,  dropping  of  the 
upper  eyelid,  from  paralysis  of  the  levator  palpe- 
brae  superioris  muscle. 

PHALANX,  Phalan'ge,  Phalango'ma.  Same 
etymon.  A  name  given  to  the  small  bones  which 
form  the  fingers  and  toes,  because  placed  along- 
side each  other  like  a  phalanx.  They  are  distin- 
guished into  the  Phalanges  of  the  fingers,  Ossa 
seu  Ag'mina  seu  A'cies  seu  Artic'uli  seu  Scut-ic'- 
vla  seu  Scu'tidcB  seu  Nodi  seu  Interno'dia  seu 
Scytal'ides  seu  Con'dyli  JDigito'mm  Manus ;  and 
the  Phalanges  of  the  Toes,  Ossa  seu  Artic'uli  seu 
Interno'dia  Higito'rum  Pedis.  I.  Phalanges  of 
the  fingers,  (P.)  Phalanges  des  doigts.  They  ar.,, 
in  each  hand,  fourteen, — three  to  each  finger,  and 
two  to  the  thumb  ;  and  are  situate  one  above  the 
other.    They  are  distinguished,  numerically,  reck^ 


PHALARIS 


662 


PnARMACT 


oning  from  the  base  towards  the  tip  of  the  finger. 

1.  The  Ji)-st"or  metacarpal,  Procon'dyli,  (F.)  Pre- 
mieres phalanges  ou  Phalanges   metacarpiennes. 

2.  The  second  or  middle  phalanges,  (F.)  Secondes 
phalanges  ou  Phalanges  moyennes,  Phalangines, 
(Ch.)  3.  The  third  phalanges,  Metacon'dyli,  Pha- 
Inn'ges  un'gnium,  (F.)  Troisihnes  phalanges  ou 
Phalanges  ungueales,  unguiferes,  ungidnales,  Pha- 
langettes  (Ch.),  which  terminate  each  finger,  and 
support  the  nail.  11.  Phalanges  of  the  Toes,  (F.) 
Phalanges  des  Orteils.  They  are  the  same  in 
number  as  those  of  the  fingers,  but  much  smaller, 
and  of  a  very  different  shape. 

The  phalanges  of  a  finger  or  toe  are  united 
with  each  other ;  and  the  first  with  the  metacar- 
pal or  metatarsal  bone.  They  are  developed 
from  two  points  of  ossification  ;  one  for  the  supe- 
rior extiemitj',  and  the  other  for  the  body  and 
inferior  extremity. 

PHAL'ARIS  CANARIEN'SIS,  P.  o»a'fa,C^(;'- 
tivated  Canary  Grass,  (F.)  Alpiste.  Family,  Gra- 
njineae.  Sex.  Syst.  Triandria  Digynia.  The  seed 
of  this  grass,  Canary  seed,  (F.)  Graines  d'aspic, 
afford  a  nourishing  meal.  The  ancients  recom- 
mended them  for  allaying  pains  in  the  kidney 
and  bladder. 

PHALLAL'GIA,  Phallodyn'ia,  from  tpaXkoi, 
'  the  male  organ/  and  a^yo;,  'pain.'  Pain  in  the 
male  organ. 

PHALLANCTLOSIS,  Chordee. 
PHALLI'TIS,    Priajn'tis,   from  (pa'SXog,    'the 
male  organ,'  and  itis,  a  sufiBx  denoting  inflamma- 
tion.    Inflammation  of  the  male  organ. 
PHALLOCAMPSIS,  Chordee. 
PHALLOCARCIXO'MA,    from   tfaWo;,    'the 
male  organ,'  a,nd  KapKivwiia,  'cancer,'    Carcinoma 
or  cancer  of  the  penis. 

PHALLODYNIA,  Phallalgia. 
PHALLON'CUS,  from  (paWos,  'the  male  or- 
gan,' and  oyKos,  '  swelling.'     Tumefaction  of  the 
male  organ. 

PHALLOPSOPH'IA,  from  i^aXXoy,  'the  male 
organ,'  and  vfo^oj,  '  a  noise.'  Discharge  of  wind 
from  the  male  urethra. 

PHALLOPi,RHAG"IA,  from  (pa\Ui,  'the  male 
organ,'  and  pr/yvu/ut,  '  I  break  out.'     Hemorrhage 
from  the  male  urethra.     Stimatosis. 
PHALLORRHCEA,  Gonorrhoea. 
PHALLORRHOiS'CHESIS,  from  ^aUog,  'the 
male  organ,'  porj,  'discharge,'  and  ia)(tiv,  '  to  with- 
hold.'   Sudden  arrest  of  a  gonorrhoeal  discharge. 
PHALLUS,  Penis. 

PHANEROG'AMOUS,  Phanerogam' ic,  Phane- 
rogam'icus,   from  (pavcpog,    '  evident,'  and  yajiog, 
'  marriage.'     An    epithet  used   by  botanists  for 
plants  whose  sexual  organs  are  apparent.     It  is, 
consequently,  the  opposite  to  cryptogamous. 
PHANTASIA,  Delirium,  Imagination. 
PHANTASM,  Phantas'ma,  Phanto'ma,  Phas- 
ma,  from  ^avra^io,  '  I  make  appear.'    A  phantom, 
false  appearance,  apparition.  Hallucination.  De- 
rangement of  the  sense  of  sight  or  of  the  intellec- 
tual faculties,  causing  objects  to  be  perceived, 
■which  are  not  before  the  eyes. 
PHANTASMA,  Pseudoblepsia. 
PHANTASMATICUS,  Phantasticus. 
PHANTASMATOSCOPIA,  Metamorphopsia, 
PHANTASMOSCOPIA,  Metamorphopsia. 
PHANTAS'TICUS,  Inebriant.  Creating  phan- 
tasms— phantasmat'icus. 
PHANTOM,  Fantom. 

PHANTOMA,  Phantasma  —  p.  Obstetricium, 
Fantom. 

PHARMACEIA,  Poisoning. 
PHARMACEUM,  Apotheca. 


PHARMACEUS,  Apothecary, 
PHARMACEUTA,  Apothecary. 
PHARMACEU'TIC,     Pharmaceu'ticus,    from 
<l>apnaKov,    'a  medicine.'     An   epithet   for   every 
thing    belonging   to    pharmacy.     Thus,  we  say, 
Pharmaceutical  2'>repa,rations,  &c 
PHARMACEUTICE,  Pharmacy, 
PHARMACEUTIST,  Apothecary. 
PHAR2IACIEN,  Apothecary. 
PHARMACOCATAGRAPHOLOG"IA,   Catn- 
grapholog"ia,  Ars  for'mtdas  concinnan'di,  from 
(jiapjiaKov,  'a  medicine,'  Kara,  'beneath,'  ypaipij,  'a 
writing,' and  Xoyos,  'a  description.'     The  art  of 
writing  prescriptions.  —  J.  J.  Plenck. 

PHARMACOCHYMIA,  Chymistry,  pharma- 
ceutical, 

PHARMACODYNAM'ICS,  from  (papiiaKov,  'a 
medicine,'  and  Swajxis,  '  power.'  Pharmacody- 
nam'ice,  Dynam'ieal  Materia  Medica,  Pharmaco- 
dynam'ica  doctri'na,  Pharmacodynamiolog"iu.  A 
division  of  pharmacology,  which  considers  the 
effects  and  uses  of  medicines. 

PHARMACODYNAMIOLOGIA,  Pharmaeo, 
dynamics. 

PHARMACOGNOS'IA,  Aceognos'ia,  Acognos'- 
ia,  from  (papjtaKov,  'a medicine,'  andyvwo-if,  'know- 
ledge.'   A  division  of  pharmacology,  which  treats 
of  simples,  or  unprepared  medicines, 
PHARMACOLOGIA,  Materia  medica, 
PHARMACOMA'NIA,  from  0ap/ya>cov,  'a  me- 
dicine,' and  fiavia,  'mania,'     One  who  has  a  ma- 
nia for  prescribing  or  for  taking  medicine. 
PHARMACON,  Poison. 

PHARMACOPCE'IA,  Pharmacopoe'a,  (P,) 
Pliarmacojiee,  from  (papixaKov,  'a  medicine,'  and 
iTotiti),  '  I  make,'  A  work,  containing  a  collection 
of  formulee  for  the  preparation,  <fec.,  of  medicines : 
generally  published  by  authority.  Formerly,  a 
chemical  laboratory,  Laborato'rium  chym'icum 
seu  pharmaceut'icum. 

PHARMACOPGEUS,  Apothecary,  Druggist. 

PHARMACOPOLA,  Apothecary,  Druggist. 

PHARMACOPOLE,  Apothecary,  Druggist. 

PHARMACOPOLI'UM,    Apothe'ca,    Offici'na, 

Taher'na  Med'ica.     The  shop  of  the  druggist  or 

apothecary,   from   (pap/iuKov,   '  a   medicine,'   and 

TTuXtw,  '  I  sell,' 

PHARMACOPOS'IA,  from  <papiiaKov,  'a  medi- 
cine,'  and  -rroct;,  '  a  potion,'  A  liquid  medicine, 
especially  one  that  is  cathartic, 

PHARMACO'SA  MEDICAMEN'TA,  from 
ipapfxaKov,  '  a  poison.'  Medicines  that  contain 
poisonous  substances. —  Fallopius. 

PHARMACOTHE'CA,  <papixaKoSnKr,,  from  <pap- 
ftaKov,  'a  medicine,'  and  Ti&riftt,  'I  place.'  A  caee 
for  medicines. 

PHARMACOTHERAPI'A,  from  tpapfxaKov,  and 
BcpaiTua,  'treatment.'  Cure  of  diseases  by  re- 
medies. 

PHARMACTER,  Apothecary. 
PHARMACUM,    Medicament,    Poison— p. 
jSilgyptiacum,  iEgyptiacum — p.  Amatorium,  Phil- 
ter, 

Phar'macum  ad  Atjues,  jEgyp'tium  Medica- 
men'tnm  ad  Aures.    A  name  given  to  a  medicine, 
composed  of  bitter  almonds,  white  pepper,  saf- 
fron, myrrh,  opium,  frankincense,  castor,  verjuice, 
sulphate  of  iron,  vinegar,  pomegranate-bark,  un- 
guentum  nardinum,  &c.     It  was  believed  to  bo 
useful  for  cleansing  fetid  ulcers  in  the  ears. 
PHARMACURGICUS,  Apothecary. 
PHARMACURGUS,  Apothecary, 
PHAR'MACY,     Pharmaci'a,    Pharmaceu'ticS, 
Pharmax'is,  from  (jiappiaKov,   'a  medicine.'     The 
art  which  teaches  the  knowledge,  choice,  preser- 


PHARMAXIS 


663 


PHARTNGOSPASMUS 


vation,  preparation,  and  combination  of  medi- 
cines. It  was  formerly  divided  into  Galen'ical 
and  Ohym'ical.  The  former,  called  after  Galen, 
embraced  the  operations  undertaken  on  medi- 
cines without  chymistry; — the  latter,  Chymical 
Pharmacy  or  Pharmaceu'tic  Chymistry,  Pharma- 
coehym'ia,  comprised  the  preparation  of  medi- 
cines, founded  on  the  chymical  action  of  their 
principles. 

PHARMAXIS,  Pharmacy. 
PHARNA'CEUM  LINEA'RE.  A  South  Afri- 
can plant,  JVat.  Ord.  ParonychiaceiB,  employed 
at  the  Cape  in  pulmonary  affections.     It  is  gene- 
rally given  in  infusion. 
PHARUS,  Pharynx. 
PHARYGATHRON,  Pharynx. 
PHARYGETHRUM,  Pharynx. 

PHARYNG^'UM  {^Al..),  irom  pharynx.  A 
compound  of  cream  of  tartar,  nitrate  of  potassa, 
burnt  alum,  and  distilled  vinegar.  It  was  for- 
merly employed,  united  with  honej'  and  plantain- 
water,  to  make  gargles,  which  were  advised  in 
quinsv. 

PHAR  YNGE,  Pharyngeal. 

PHARYNGE'AL,  Pharyngcs'its,  (F.)Pharynge, 
Pharyngien.  That  which  relates  to  the  pharj'nx. 
A  name  given  to  the  muscles,  vessels,  and  nerves 
of  the  pharynx. 

Phauyngeal  Arteries.  These  are  two  in 
number.  The  one — superior  or  pterygo-palatine, 
Pamus  Pharyiigm'us  supe'rior  of  Haller  —  ai'ises 
from  the  internal  maxillary  at  the  base  of  the 
zygomatic  fossa,  passes  through  the  pterygo- 
palatine canal,  and  proceeds  to  be  distributed  to 
the  pharynx  and  the  corresponding  part  of  the 
Eustachian  tube.  The  other  —  the  'inferior  — 
Pharyngcs'a  aseen'dens  of  Haller — arises  from 
the  external  carotid,  on  a  level  with  the  facial. 
It  ascends  along  the  lateral  and  posterior  part 
of  the  pharynx,  and  divides  into  two  branches  : 
the  one  —  ih.B  j^haryngeal,  properly  so  called — is 
distributed  to  the  pharynx ;  the  other  —  the  ?ne- 
iiingeal  —  gives  its  branches  particularly  to  the 
dura  mater. 

Pharyngeal  K'erte.  A  branch  sent  by  the 
pneumogastric  to  the  pharynx.  It  descends  be- 
hind the  internal  carotid ;  communicates  with 
the  glosso-pharj'ngeal ;  and  divides,  opposite  the 
middle  constrictor  of  the  pharynx,  into  a  great 
number  of  filaments,  which  anastomose,  in  a  mul- 
titude of  different  directions,  with  filaments  of  the 
glosso-pharyngeal  nerve,  of  the  superior  laryn- 
geal branch,  and  of  the  first  cervical  ganglion. 
These  different  nervous  filaments  united  consti- 
tute the  2^haryngeal  plexus,  the  irregular  meshes 
of  which  send  numerous  ramifications  to  the 
pharynx. 

Pharyngeal  Voice,  see  Voice. 

PHARYNGEMPHRAXIS,  from  0ap«y|,  'the 
pharynx,'  and  ci^ppa^ts,  'obstruction.'  Obstruc- 
tion of  the  pharynx. 

PHARNGETHROiSr,  Pharynx. 

PHARYNGEURYSMA,  Pharyngocele. 

PHARYNGICUS,  Pharyngeal. 

PHAB  YNGIEN,  Pharyngeal. 

PHARYNGITE,  Cynanche  pharyngea— ^. 
Tonsillaire,  Cynanche  tonsillaris. 

PHARYNGITIS,  Cynanche  pharyngea. 

Pharyngitis  Aposteuato'sa.  Abscess  of  the 
pharynx. 

Pharyngi'tis,  Diphtherit'ic,  Angi'napaeudo- 
membrnna'cea,  A.  memhrana'cea,  A.  pellicula' ria, 
A.  plas'tica,  A.  diphtherit'ica,  A.  malig'na,  A. 
pseudo-riiemhrano'sa,  A.  pestilentia'lia,  Pharyn- 
ffoc'ace,  Pseudo-memhranoua  Injlammation  of  the 
Throat,  (F.)  Angine  couenneuse,  A.  gutturale  cou- 
enneuse,  A,  pseudo-memhraneuae,  A.  ^laatigue,  A. 


dipJ/theritique.    Diphtheritic  inflammation  of  tha 
pharynx.     See  Cynanche  maligna. 

Pharyngi'tis,  Follic'ular,  Follicular  Inf  am- 
mation  ff  the  Pharynx,  Angi'na  folliculo' sa  of  the 
Pharynx,  Acne  of  the  Throat.  Inflammation  and 
enlargement  of  the  follicles  of  the  pharynx,  oc- 
casionally extending  to  the  larynx.  Sometimes 
termed  Clergyman's  Sorethroat,  Tubercles  of  the 
Larynx  and  Fauces,  and  Tuber'cular  Sorethroat. 

Pharyngi'tis,  Gangrenous,  Cynanche  ma- 
ligna. 

PHARYNGOCACE,  Pharyngitis,  diphtheritic. 

PHARYNGOCE'LE,  Pharyngeurys'ma,  Bi- 
vertic' idiim  seu  Hernia  seu  Prolap'sus  (Esoph'agi 
vel  piharyn'gis,  CEsoph'agus  succenturia'tus,  from 
fapvy^,  'the  pharynx,'  and  KriXrj,  'a  tumour.'  An 
enlargement  at  the  upper  part  of  the  gullet,  in 
which  the  food  sometimes  rests  in  considerable 
quantity. 

PHARYNGODYN'IA,  from  (^apvy^,  'the  pha- 
rynx,' and  oivvri,  'pain.'     Pain  in  the  pharynx. 

PHARYNGOGLOS  SAL,  Glossopharyngeal, 
Pharyngoglossia'nua.  That  which  belongs  to  the 
pharynx  and  tongue. 

Pharyngoglossal  Nerve,  Glossopharyngeal 
Nerve,  Lingua'lis  latera'lis,  (F.)  Nerf  Glossopua- 
ryngien,  Pharyngoglosaien  —  a  portion  of  the 
eighth  pair — arises  from  the  superior  and  lateral 
parts  of  the  spinal  marrow,  between  the  facial 
and  pneumogastric  nerves,  by  several  filaments, 
which  soon  unite  into  a  single  cord,  that  passes 
out  of  the  cranium  by  the  foramen  lacerum  ante- 
rius ;  goes  downwards  and  forwards,  and  gains 
the  posterior  and  inferior  part  of  the  tongue. 
Immediately  after  its  exit  from  the  cranium,  it 
gives  a  branch  to  the  meatus  auditorius  externus, 
and  receives  a  filament  from  the  facial,  and 
another  from  the  pneumogastric  nerve.  It  then 
furnishes  two  other  filaments,  which  descend 
upon  the  carotid  artery,  and  unite  at  the  bottom 
of  the  neck  with  branches  from  the  cervical  gan- 
glions and  cardiac  nerves,  and  give  two  filaments 
to  the  stylo-pharyngeus  muscle.  The  glossopha- 
ryngeus,  after  sending  a  twig  or  two  to  the  tonsil, 
to  the  upper  part  of  the  pharynx  and  membrane 
of  the  epiglottis,  divides  into  many  branches, 
which  run  partly  to  the  margin,  and  partly  to  the 
middle  of  the  root  of  the  tongue  ,•  supplying, 
especially,  the  papillae  majores,  and  the  parts  in 
their  neighbourhood. 

By  some,  this  nerve  is  regarded  as  the  controller 
of  the  associated  motions  of  the  tongue  and  pha- 
rynx. By  others,  it  is  esteemed  to  be  the  special 
nerve  of  gustation. 

PHARY NGOG '  RAPHY,  Pharyngogra  'phia, 
from  (papvy^,  'the  pharynx,'  and  ypa<pri,  'a  de- 
scription.' An  anatomical  description  of  the 
pharynx. 

PHARYNGOL'OGY,  Pharyngolog"  ia,  from 
(papvy^,  'the  pharynx,'  and  Aoyoj,  'a  discourse.' 
The  part  of  anatomy  which  treats  of  the  pharynx. 

PHARYNGOLYSIS,  Pharyngoplegia. 

PHARYNGOPARALYSIS,  Pharyngoplegia. 

PHARYNGOPLE'GIA,  from  .papvy^,-' the  pha- 
rynx,' and  7rA;j(r(7(i),  '  I  strike.'  I)yspha'gia  para~ 
lyt'ica,  B.  tor'pida,  D.  aton'ica,  Angi'na  pa ralyt'- 
ica,  Aatheni'a  Deglntitio'nis,  PharyngoV ysia,  Pha- 
ryngoparaV ysia  Parol' y sis  CEsogpih'agi,  Gulai 
Imbecil'litaa.  Paralysis  of  the  pharjmx  or  ceso- 
phagus :  commonly  a  symptom  of  general  para- 
lysis, or  of  approaching  dissolution. 

PHARYNGORRHAG"IA ;  from  0a/3«yf,  'the 
pharynx,'  and  payrj,  'rupture.'  Hemorrhage  from 
the  vessels  of  the  pharynx. 

PHARYNGOSPAS'MUS;  from  ^apvyi,  'the 
pharynx,'  and  cTzaajios,  'spasm.'  Spas^  or  cramp 
of  the  pharynx. 


PHARYNGOSTAPHYLINUS 


PHIMO'SIS 


PHARYKGOSTAPHYLINUS,  Palato-pha- 
ryngeus. 

PHARYNGOTOME,  Pharyngot'omus,  from 
<j>apvY^,  'the  pharynx,'  and  te^vu,  'I  cut.'  An 
instrument,  invented  by  J.  L.  Petit,  used  to 
scarify  inflamed  tonsils,  and  to  open  abscesses, 
which  form  in  the  parietes  of  the  pharynx.  It 
is  composed  of  a  long,  narrow  blade  with  a  lancet 
point,  enclosed  in  a  sheath  or  canula  of  silver 
slightly  curved.  This  instrument  is  carried  to 
the  part  to  be  cut,  and  the  point  of  the  blade  is 
made  to  pass  out  of  the  sheath,  by  pressing  on  a 
button  at  the  end  of  the  pharyngotome.  A  spring 
causes  the  blade  to  re-enter  as  soon  as  the  pressure 
is  removed. 

PHARYNGOT'OMY,  Phanjngotom'ia ;  same 
etymon.  Some  authors  have  used  this  word 
synonymously  with  oesophagotomy.  It  means, 
also,  scarification  of  the  tonsils,  or  an  incision, 
made  for  opening  abscesses  there,  &c. 

PHARYNX,  Pharyx,  Phnrus,  Gula,  LamoB, 
Fauces,  Pharycj' ethrum,  Pharyn'gethron,  Pha- 
ryn'gethros,  Pharygathron,  lathmos,  Isth' mion, 
Iiight'oies,  Princip'ium  Gulce,  Os  pos'terum,  (F.) 
Arriere-hotiche,  Gosier.  A  species  of  musculo- 
membranous,  symmetrical  canal,  on  the  median 
line,  irregularly  funnel-shaped,  and  situate  be- 
tween the  base  of  the  cranium  and  the  ossophagus, 
in  front  of  the  vertebral  column.  It  is  very  nar- 
row above ;  but  dilates  in  the  middle,  and  again 
contracts  below,  at  its  junction  with  the  oesopha- 
gus. Into  the  anterior  paries  of  the  pharynx 
open,  successively,  from  above  to  below,- — the 
posterior  orifices  of  the  nasal  fossse ;  the  Eusta- 
chian tubes  ;  the  posterior  aperture  of  the  mouth, 
and  the  top  of  the  larynx.  The  pharynx  is 
formed,  externally,  of  a  muscular  coat,  and,  in- 
ternally, of  a  mucous  membrane,  which  is  con- 
tinuous, above,  with  the  Schneiderian  membrane; 
and  in  the  middle,  with  that  of  the  mouth ;  be- 
low, with  that  of  the  oesophagus  ;  and,  at  the 
sides,  with  that  of  the  Eustachian  tubes.  This 
jnembrane  has  no  villi,  and  presents  only  a  few 
inequalities,  which  are  owing  to  the  presence  of 
muciparous  follicles.  The  muscular  coat  of  the 
fiharynx  is  composed  of  the  constrictor  muscles, 
stylopharyugei,  and  pharyngostaphj'lini.  The 
vessels  and  nerves  are  called  pharyngeal.  The 
pharynx  serves  as  a  common  origin  for  the  di- 
gestive and  respiratory  passages.  It  gives  passage 
to  the  air,  during  respii'ation ;  and  to  the  food  at 
•the  time  of  deglutition. 

Pharynx,  Follicular  Inflammation  of  the. 
Pharyngitis,  follicular. 
PliARYX,  Pharynx. 
PHASELUS,  Phaseolus. 

PHASE'OLUS,  P.  Vulga'Hs,  Pham'ohis,  PTia- 
sa'lim,  Faae'lus,  Fase'olus,  Bona,  Boonn,  Fnha ; 
the  Kidney  Bean;  the  French  Bean,  (F.)  Haricot. 
'  Family,  Leguminosse.  Sex.  Syat.  Diadelphia  De- 
candria.  When  young  and  well  boiled,  this  is 
easy  of  digestion,  and  delicately  flavoured.  It  is 
less  flatulent  than  the  pea. 

Phaseolus  Creticus,   Cajan,  Cayan.     A  de- 
coction of  the  leaves,  according  to  Ray,  restrains 
the  hemorrhoidal  flux  when  excessive. 
Phaseolus  Vulgaris,  Phaseolus. 
PHASIA'NUS  GALLUS,  so   called  from  the 
river  '^naiq,  in  Colchis,  near  the  Black  Sea  :  (F.) 
Coq      The  parts  of  generation  of  the  cock,  dried 
and  pulverized,  were  formerly  regarded  as  proper 
for  increasing  the  quantity  of  semen.     The  fat 
*-as  used  as  emollient  and  resolvent:  the  brain, 
in  diarrhoea;  the  gall,  in  freckles  and  diseases  of 
me  eyes.     These  phantasies  are  now  abandoned. 
PHASIOLUS,  Phaseolus. 
PUASMA,  Phantasm. 
PHATNE,  Alveolus. 


PHATNION,  Alveolus. 

PHATNORRHAG"IA,  StomatorrlMg"ia  al- 
veolo'rum,  from  (parviov,  'an  alveolus,'  and  priyvvfit, 
'  I  break  forth.'     Hemorrhage  from  the  alveoli. 

PHAUSIN'GES,  (pavciyyES,  plural  of  <pav<Jty^, 
from  0au^u,  '  I  roast.'  Spots  or  blisters  on  the 
legs,  procluced  by  heat;  and,  in  a  more  extensive 
signification,  by  any  other  cause.  Also,  a  pus- 
tule.—  Foesius. 

PHELLANDRE,  Phellandrium  aquaticnm. 
PHELLAN'DRIUM  AQUAT'IGUM,  Phellan- 
drium, CEnan'the  phellan'drium  sen  aquat'ica,  Li- 
gus'ticum  phellan'drium,  Fcenic'ulum  aquat'icum, 
Cicuta'ria  aquatica,  Water  Fennel,  Fine-leaved 
Water  Hemlock,  (F.)  Phellandre,  FenoxUl  d'eau, 
Cigue  d'eau.  Family,  Umbelliferse.  Sex.  Syst. 
Pentandria  Digynia.  This  plant  is  stimulant  and 
narcotic.  It  has  been  used  in  intermittents  and 
dyspepsia.  It  has,  also,  been  given  in  phthisis  pul- 
monalis,  and  in  cases  of  scrofulous  atonic  ulcers. 

PHENIG'MUS,P/ioe)i%'TO«s,  Phanig'mus,  from 
(poivi^,  'red.'  Red  Jaundice.  A  cutaneous  affec- 
tion, consisting  of  redness  diffused  over  the  skin, 
without  fever.  Sauvages  makes  it  a  genus  of  his 
order  Icteritim.  Also,  the  act  of  irritating  a  part 
by  a  stimulating  application. 

PHENOMENE,  Phenomenon. 

PHENOM'ENON,  PhcBnom'enon,  (F.)  PJieno- 
mene,  from  (patvoixai,  'I  appear.  An  extraordi- 
nary and  unexpected  event.  In  Medicine,  it 
means  any  change,  appreciable  by  our  senses, 
which  supervenes  in  an  organ  or  function  :  —  as 
the  pJienomena  of  the  circulation,  respiration,  <tc. 
It  is  used  in  pathology,  synonymously  with 
sj'mptom. 

PHEUGOPHOBIA,  Hydrophobia. 

PHEUGYDRON,  Hydrophobia. 

PHI'ALA,  A  Phial  or  Vial,  (F.)  Fiole.  A 
small  bottle,  in  which  apothecaries  are  in  the 
habit  of  sending  out  their  mixtures,  draiights, 
&c. :  hence  called  Jled'icine  Vials,  (F.)  Fiolcs  d 
Medecine.  They  are  usually  sold  in  grosses,  and 
assorted  into  vials  of  oz.  8;  oz.  4;  oz.  3 ;  oz.  2j 
oz.  Ih ;  oz.  1 ;  and  oz.  4. 

PlilLADYNAMICA,  Debilitants. 

PHILAXTHROPUS,  Galium  aparine. 

PHILETRGN,  Philter. 

PHILETPtUM,  Lacuna  labii  superioris. 

PHILIATROS,  (pi\iarpoi,  from  ijnUui,  '  I  love,' 
and  larpiKri,  '  medicine.'  An  amateur  of  medicine. 
One  who  studies  medicine;  Studio'sns  medici'ncB. 

PHILOBIO'SIS,  (F.)  Philohiosie:  from  fiXw, 
'  I  love,'  and  jSios,  '  life.'     The  love  of  life. 

PHILCE'NIA,  from  .^iXeu,  'I  love,'  and  oivo;, 
'wine.'     Love  of  wine.     Addiction  to  wine. 

PHILOGYNIA,  Muliebrositas. 

PHILONIUM  LONDINENSE,  Confectio  opii. 

PHILOPATRIDALGIA,  Nostalgia. 

PHILOPATRIDOMANIA,  Nostalgia. 

PHILOSOPHER'S  STONE,  see  Akhyray. 

PHILOSOPHIA  CORPORIS  VIVI,  Physi- 
ology—  p.  Hermetica,  Alchymy  —  p.  per  Ignem, 
Chvniistvv. 

PHILTER,  from  0iX£u,  'I  love.'  Philtrvm, 
Phil'etron,  Phar'wncum  vel  Poc'ulwnamato'rinrr, 
Amato'rium  vcnefic"ium,  (F.)  Philtre.  A  medi- 
cine or  drink  considered  capable  of  causing  love. 

PHITiTRUM,  Lacuna  labii  superioris. 

PHILYRA,  Tilia. 

PHIMA,  Phyma. 

PHIMOS,  Capistrum. 

PHIMO'SICUS.     Relating  to  Phimosis. 

Sauvages  calls  Ischu'ria  phimo'sica,  Ischu'rta 
urethra' lis  a  phimo'si,  the  retention  of  urine  which 
depends  upon  phimosis. 

PHIMO'SIS,  Phymo'sis,  Capistra'tio,  Epago'- 
gium,    Ligatu'ra    glandis,    Slrictu'ra    prccpu'tii, 


PHLASMA 


665 


PHLEGMATIA 


Redkic'tio  prcepu'tii  impcdi'ta,  from  iptfiou),  'I  bind 
ux>.'  A  disease  which  consists  in  a  jjreternatural 
narrowness  of  the  opening  of  the  prepuce,  so 
that  it  cannot  be  carried  behind  the  corona  glan- 
dis.  Tliis  afi'ection  is  most  commonly  congenital. 
Sometimes  it  is  accidental,  and  dependent  upon 
tumefaction  of  the  glans,  or  of  the  prepuce,  as 
occurs  in  syphilis.  To  remedy  this  state,  the 
prepuce  may  be  divided  by  means  of  a  bistoury 
and  director ;  or  circumcision  may  be  practised. 

Phimosis  Adnata  seu  Congenita  sen  Pueri- 
Lis,  Congenital  phimosis — p.  Circumligata,  Para- 
phimosis— p.  Congenita,  P.  adnata. 

Phimo'sis  (Edehato'des,  Hydrophiino'sis.  Phi- 
mosis with  oedematous  swelling  of  the  prepuce. 

Phimosis  Puerilis,  Ph.  adnata. 

PHLASMA,  Contusion. 

PHLEBARTERIODIALYSIS,  see  Anexirism. 

PHLEBECTA'SIA,  Phlebec'tash,  from  <p\t^\,, 
'  a  vein,'  and  iKvaaig,  '  dilatation.'  Dilatation  of 
a  vein,  or  of  a  portion  of  a  vein. — Alibert. 

PHLEBEOTIARCTIE.  A  mongrel  term, 
from  0A£i/''  '^  vein,'  and  arcto,  '  I  contract.'  Con- 
traction of  a  vein. 

PHLEBES,  (Arteries.)     See  Artery. 

PHLEBEURYSMA,  Varix. 

PHLEB'ION,  diminutive  of  (p\cxp,  'a  vein.'  A 
Tein. — Hippocrates.     A  small  vein, —  Ve'nula. 

PHLEBLS'MUS;  from  <p\ixl,,  i^AtiSij,  'a  vein.' 
A  term  employed  by  Dr.  Marshall  Hall  for  the 
turgeseence  of  veins,  produced  by  impeded  re- 
turn of  the  blood.     See  Trachelismus. 

PHLEBI'TIS,  Inflamma'tio  vena'rum,  (F.)  In- 
fiammation  des  veines,  from  (pXetp,  '  a  vein,'  and 
itis,  the  termination  for  inflammation.  Inflam- 
mation of  the  inner  membrane  of  a  vein,  which 
sometimes  follows  blood-letting,  and  extends  from 
the  small  wound  made  in  that  operation  to  the 
neighbouring  parts  of  the  venous  system.  The 
symptoms  are,  first,  inflammation  in  the  punc- 
tured part ;  and,  afterwards,  a  knotty,  tense, 
painful  cord,  following  the  direction  of  the  vessel, 
and  accompanied  with  more  or  less  fever,  accord- 
ing to  the  extent  of  the  inflammation,  the  nervous 
symptoms,  &c.  Phlebitis,  also,  sometimes  super- 
venes on  the  ligature  or  excision  of  varices  ;  after 
amjiutation,  gun-shot  wounds,  delivery  ( Uterine 
Phlebitis,  Metro-plilehi' tis  2'>uerpera'lis,  PMebi'tia 
ttteri'na,  Metri'tis  veno'sa),  the  ligature  of  the 
umbilical  cord,  &o.  It  may  terminate  by  reso- 
lution, suppuration,  ulceration,  or  gangrene. 

Phlebitis,  Critral,  Phlcgmatia  dolens  —  p. 
IJterina,  see  Peritonitis,  and  Phlebitis. 

PHLEBOG'RAPHY,  Phlebocjra'phia,  from 
^Ati//,  '  a  vein,'  and  ypa(pn,  'a  description.'  A 
description  of  the  veins.  « 

PHLEB'OLITE,  PldeboVitlua,  Veinstone,  from 
(pXctp,  'a vein,'  and  Xt9os,  'a  stone.'  A  loose  con- 
cretion, varying  in  size  from  that  of  a  currant  to 
that  of  a  pea,  occasionally  found  in  the  veins. 
It  would  seem  to  be  formed  in  the  blood. 

PHLEBOLITHUS,  Phlebolite. 

PHLEBOL'OGY,  Phlebolog"ia,  from  4,\t^,  'a 
vein,'  and  Xoyof,  'a  discourse.'  The  part  of  ana- 
tomy which  treats  of  the  veins. 

PHLEBOPA'LIA,  from  (^Xr^,  'a  vein,'  and 
jraXXo),  'I  palpitate.'  With  the  ancients,  pulsa- 
tion, which  they  conceived  to  be  produced  by  the 
veins.     See  Pulsus  venarum. 

PHLEBOPHTHALMOTOM'IA,     Oplithalmo- 
phlebatom'ia,  from  (pXeip,  'a  vein,'  oipSa\iJio?,  'the 
eye,'  and  tzhvui,  '  I  cut.'    Blood-letting  in  the  eye. 
PHLEBOPLERO'SIS   ECPHRACTICA,  In- 
flammation. 

PHlEBORRnAG"IA,  from  <p\c^p,  'a  vein,' 
and  pnyvvjii,  '  I  break  out.'    Rupture  of  the  veins  ; 


and,  in  a  more  extensive  sense,  venous  hemor- 
rhage. 

PHLEBORRHEX'IS,  from  ^Xtif,  '  a  vein,'  and 
pv^i?,  '  rupture.'  Rupture  of  a  vein.  Also,  he- 
morrhage from  a  vein,  Phleborrhac/'ia. 

PHLEBOSTENO'SIS;  from  ^Xtt/-,  'a  vein/ 
and  oTEvoJcrif,  '  contraction.'  Constriction  or  con- 
traction of  a  vein. 

PIILEBOT'OMIST,  from  ^Xe;//,  '  a  vein,'  and 
T£/ii/(i),  '  I  cut.'  A  bleeder.  One  who  practises 
particularly  the  art  of  phlebotomy.  See  Blood- 
letting. 

PHLEBOTOMUM,  Fleam. 

PHLEBOTOMY,  see  Blood-letting. 

PHLEBS,  Vein. 

PHLEDONIA,  Delirium. 

PHLEGM,  Phlegma,  Pitui'ta,  Pit'uite,  Ifnciis, 
(P.)  Piiuife.  One  of  the  four  natural  humours 
of  the  ancients,  which,  according  to  them,  was 
cold  and  moist,  as  atrabilis  was  cold  and  dry.  It 
predominated,  especially,  in  winter. 

Pituita  was  afterwards  applied  to  every  aque- 
ous or  excrementitious  humour,  such  as  the  sa- 
liva, nasal  and  intestinal  mi\cus,  serum,  &c. 
The  terms  phlegm  and  pituita  are  no  longer  used 
in  physiology,— the  different  humours  having  re- 
ceived particular  names;  but  the  vulgar  still  use 
phlegm  to  designate  a  stringy  mucus,  expecto- 
rated, or  rejected  by  vomiting.  The  ancient 
chymists  gave  the  name  'phlegm'  to  aqueous, 
insipid,  and  inodorous  products  obtained  by  sub- 
jecting moist  vegetable  matters  to  the  action  of 
heat. 

PHLEGMA  NARIUM  CRASSUM,  IS'asal  mu- 
cus — p.  Vitrioli,  Sulphuric  acid  (very  dilute.) 

PHLEG'MAGOGUE,  Phlegwag'o'gus ;  from 
(p\£y^a,  'phlegm,'  and  ayoi,  'I  expel.'  A  medi- 
cine, formerly  believed  capable  of  ^^  cutting"  or 
removing  phlegm. 

PHLEGMAPYRA,  Fever  adeno-meningeal. 

PHLEGMASIA,  Inflammation,  Phlegmon — p. 
Adenosa,  Adenitis — p.  Alba  dolens  puerperarum, 
Ph.  dolens  —  p.  Cellularis,  Induration  of  the  cel- 
lular tissue— p.  Glandulosa,  Adenitis — p.  Myoica, 
Myositis — p.  of  the  Peritoneum,  Peritonitis. 

PHLEGMA'TIA,  from  ^Xty/za,  'phlegm. 
(Edema,  Anasarca,  Hydrops. 

Phlegjia'tia  Dolens,  P.  lac'tea,  P.  dohns 
pii.erpera' rum,  P.  alba  dolens  puerpera'nim,  Leu- 
cophlegmasia  dolens  puerperarum,  Scelon'eus,  Sce- 
lal'gia  j>uerpera'rum,  Anasar'ca  sero'sa,  Ecphy'- 
ma  ledeinat'icum,  Spargann'sis  puerperarum,  Ec- 
chymo'ma  hjmphat' ieum,  Is'chiaa  a  spargnno'si, 
Q^de'ma  puerperarmn,  (Ed.  lacteum,  Infarc'tus 
lac'tei  extremita' turn,  lletas'tasis  lactis,  Hjsteral'- 
gia  galae'tica,  Hydrophlegma' sia  textus  cellulo'si, 
Crural  Phlebi'tis,  White  leg.  Swelled  leg,  JUilk 
leg.  White  sicelling  of  lying  in  vyomen,  (F.) 
(Edcme  des  nouvellea  aecouchees,  (Edeme  cloideu- 
reux  des  femrnes  en  cov.che,  jDejiot  luiteux  sur  la 
cuisse,  (Edeme  actif  des  nouvelles  aecouchees,  En- 
Jlure  ou  Engorgement  des  jambes  et  des  cuisses  de 
lafemme  accouchee,  E.  laiieux  des  membres  abdo- 
minaux.  It  occurs,  for  the  most  part,  in  the  se- 
cond or  third  week  after  delivery : — is  limited  to 
the  lower  extremity,  and  chiefly  to  one  side;  ex- 
hibiting to  the  touch  a  feeling  of  numerous  irre- 
gular prominences  under  the  skin.  It  is  hot, 
white,  and  unyielding ;  and  is  accompanied, 
sooner  or  later,  with  febrile  excitement.  After  a 
few  days,  the  heat,  hardness,  and  sensibility  di- 
minish, and  the  limb  remains  oedematous  for  a 
longer  or  shorter  period.  The  disease  frequently, 
if  not  generally,  consists  in  the  obstruction  of  the 
iliac  or  other  veins.  Owing  to  the  pressure  of 
the  gravid  uterus  —  the  flow  of  blood  being  ob- 
structed— the  serous  part  of  it  is  thro»ffn  out  iiit»' 


PHLEGMATLS: 


666 


PHONON'OSI 


the  cellular  membrane  of  the  limb.  Sometimes 
the  vein  is  found  completely  obliterated. 

The  treatment  consists  in  the  use  of  antiphlo- 
gistics  :  —  the  application  of  leeches  or  cupping- 
glasses  near  the  groin  :  fomentations  to  the  limb, 
&c. ;  and,  when  the  active  state  has  subsided,  the 
■use  of  a  roller,  applied  gently  at  first,  but,  after- 
wards, gradually  tightened. 

Phlegmatia  Lactea,  P.  dolens. 

PHLEGMATIC,  see  Empresma— p.  Membra- 
nosse  et  parenchymatosse,  Empresma. 

PHLEGMATOPYRA,  Fever,  adeno-menin- 
geal. 

PHLEGMAT0RRHAG"IA,P^?e5rma?orrAcE'a, 
Catarrh,  from  ipXs.yw,  'phlegm,'  and  ptu,  'I  flow,' 
Stahl  and  his  partisans  gave  this  name  to  a  co- 
pious secretion,  by  the  nostrils,  of  a  limpid  and 
thin  mucus,  without  inflammation.  It  is  the 
Cory'za  Phlegmatorrhay"ia  of  Sauvages.  See 
Corvza. 

PHLEGMHYME^^ITIS,  Phlegmymenitis, 

PHLEGMOjS',  from  <i>\tyu>, '  I  burn.'  Phlogo'- 
eis  phlec/' inone,  Phleg'mone,  PJilegma'sia,  Incen'- 
dium,  Inflavima'tio.  Inflammation  of  the  areolar 
texture  accompanied  with  redness,  circumscribed 
swelling,  increased  heat  and  pain;  which  is,  at 
first,  tensive  and  lancinating;  afterwards,  pulsa- 
tory and  heavy.  It  is  apt  to  terminate  in  suppu- 
ration. It  requires  the  antiphlogistic  treatment, 
until  suppuration  seems  inevitable,  when  the  sup- 
puration must  be  encouraged  as  the  nest  favour- 
able termination  to  resokitlon. 

PHLEGMON  PJERINEPHRETIQUE,  Pe- 
riphrenitis. 

PHLEGMOXE,  Inflammation — p.  Mammje, 
Mastodynia  apostematosa — p.  Mastodynia,  Mas- 
todynia  apostema,tosa  —  p.  Parotidaea,  Parotis  — 
p.  Peritonei,  Peritonitis — p.  Parulis,  Parulis — p. 
Musculorum,  Myositis — p.  Ventriculi,  Gastritis. 

PHLEGMOXODES,  Phlegmonous. 

PHLEGMOIS^OID,  Phlegmonous. 

PHLEG'MONOUS,  Phlegmono'des,  Phleg'mo- 
noid,  from  (fKeyfiovrj,  'a phlegmon,'  and  uioi,  're- 
semblance.' That  which  relates  or  belongs  to 
or  resembles  phlegmon. 

Phlegmoxous  Inflammation  is  the  active  in- 
flammation of  the  areolar  membrane;  in  contra- 
distinction to  erysipelatous  inflammation,  or  that 
of  the  skin. 

PHLEGMOPTRA,  Fever,  adeno-meningeal. 

PHLEGMORRHAGIA,  Blennorrhcea. 

PHLEGMORBHAGIE  PUL3WNAIRE, 
Bronchorrhoea. 

PHLEGMORRHGEA,  Blennorrhosa. 

PHLEGMYMENI'TIS,PA%?n^?/me)n*'<?s,from 
<fKtyna,  '  phlegm,'  'vfiriv,  '  a  membrane,'  and  itis, 
the  termination  for  inflammation.  Inflammation 
of  a  mucous  membrane. 

Phlegmymenitis  Enterica,  see  Enteritis. 

PHLEPS,  Vein. 

PHLOGIA,  Inflammation. 

PHLOGICUS,  Inflammatory. 

PHLOGISTIC,  Inflammatory. 

PHLOGISTICI,  Empresma. 

PHLOGISTOX,  Hydrogen. 

PHLOGMUS,  Verbascum  thapsus. 

PHLOGO'DES,  from  0Xof,  'flame,'  and  n^o;, 
'resemblance.'  Infla'med,  Inflamma'tua,  Inflam- 
tnato'rius,  Inflammatory.  An  epithet  employed 
particularly  to  express  the  red  colour  of  the  face. 

PHLOGOPYRUS,  Synocha. 

PHLOGOSED,  Inflamed. 

PHLOGO'SIS,  Jncen'dium,  Inflamma'fion. 
Some  writers  use  this  word  exclusively  for  exter- 
nal inflammation  —  phlegmon;  others,  for  that 
which  is  superficial  or  erysipelatous. 


PHLOGOT'ICA,  Inflammations.  The  second 
order  in  the  class  Hcematica  of  Good. 

PHLOIOS,  Cortex. 

PHLOMUS,  Verbascum  thapsus. 

PHLOOS,  Cortex. 

PHLOR'IDZINE,  PMoridzi'na,  PMoridzin, 
from  (p\oos,  'inner  bark,'  and  pi^a,  'root.'  The 
bitter  or  active  principle  of  the  root  and  trunk  of 
the  apple,  pear,  cherry,  and  plum  tree.  It  is  de- 
posited from  the  decoction  on  cooling ;  crystal- 
lizes in  silky  spicula  of  a  dead  white  colour,  when 
in  masses,  or  in  long  slender  prisms  or  tables, 
when  crystallized  with  care.  1000  parts  of  water, 
at  a  temperature  of  from  32°  to  71°,  only  dissolve 
about  one  part;  but  at  from  70°  to  212°,  it  is 
dissolved  in  all  proportions.  It  is  very  soluble 
in  pure  alcohol,  but  only  slightly  so  in  ether; 
s.  g.  1.429.  It  has  been  administered  success- 
fully in  intermittents, — 10  to  20  grains  being  ge- 
nerally required  to  arrest  the  paroxysm.  It  may 
be  given  either  in  the  form  of  pill  or  powder. 

PHLOUS,  Cortex. 

PHLOX,  Verbascum  thapsus. 

PHLYCTCNA,  Phhjfjta'nis,  PUyctis,  Phly- 
za'cion,  Amimllm,  Holophhic'tidea,  PJdyc' tides, 
Phly  sis,  from  (/iXu^iu,  '  I  boil.'  Tumours  formed 
by  the  accumulation  of  a  serous  fluid  under  the 
epidermis. 

PHLYCTCKULA,  see  Hydatid. 

PHLYC'TENOID,  PhlyctenoVdes.  Resem- 
bling phlyctsente.  An  epithet  for  a  variety  of 
herpes. 

PHLYCTEX'ULAR,  same  etymon  as  Phlyo- 
tsena.  Of  or  belonging  to  phly  ctanula, — as  phlyc- 
tenular ophthalmia,  inflammation  of  the  eye,  ac- 
companied with  phlyctaenulae  on  the  cornea. 

PHLYCTIDES,  Phlyctajna. 

PHLYCTID'IUM,  same  etymon.  A  circular 
or  annular  spot  of  inflammation  of  the  corium, 
encircled  by  a  red  ring  or  zone,  within  which 
suppuration  takes  place.  The  genuine  small-pox 
pustule,  and  that  produced  by  the  application  of 
tartar  emetic  ointment,  are  examples  of  it. 

PHLYCTIS,  Phlyctsena. 

PHLYSIS,  from  ^Xw^u,  '  I  am  hot,' '  I  boil.'  A 
cutaneous  eruption.  An  ulcerative,  subcutaneous 
tumour:  flat,  tensive,  glabrous;  diffused,  hot, 
throbbing;  at  length  fluctuating,  -with  an  acrid 
ichor.  —  Good. 

Phlysis,  Phlyctaena  —  p.  Ecthyma,  Ecthyma 
—  p.  Impetigo,  Impetigo — p.  Porrigo,  Porrigo  — 
p.  Scabies,  Psora. 

PHLYZACIA,  Ecthyma. 

PHLYZACION,  Phlyctsena, 

PHOBODIPSON,  Hydrophobia. 

PHOCOM'ELES,  from  <pwKri,  'a  seal,'  and 
jitKos,  'a  limb.'  A  genus  of  monsters,  in  which 
the  limbs  are  shortened;  the  hands  and  feet  ap- 
pearing to  exist  alone,  and  to  be  inserted  imme- 
diately on  the  trunk,  as  in  the  seals  and  the  her- 
bivorous cetacea.  —  J.  G.  St.  HilaLre. 

PHCENICISMUS,  Rubeola. 

PHCENIGMUS,  Phenigmus  — p.  Petechialis, 
Purpura  simplex. 

PH(ENIX  DACTYLIFERA,  Date  tree  — p. 
Exeelsa,  Date  tree. 

PHONA'TION,  Phova'tio,  from  <puivr,,  'voice.' 
The  physiology  of  the  voice. 

PHONE,  Voice. 

PHO'NICA,  <pu>viKa,  from  (^wi'i/,  'voice.'  The 
first  order  of  the  class  Pneumatica,  in  Good's 
Nosology.  Defined  :  diseases  afi'ecting  the  vocal 
avenues:  —  the  passage  of  the  voice  impeded,  or 
its  power  suppressed  or  depraved. 

PHONON'OSI,  Phononu'si,  from  0a)v»,,  'the 
voice,'  and  voooi,  '  a  disease.'  Phonopathi'iSt 
Morbi  vocis.    Diseases  of  the  voice. 


PnONOPATHIA 


667 


PHREXO 


PHOXOPATHIA,  Phononosi. 

PIIORA,  Gestation. 

PIIORBE,  Pabulum. 

PHORONOM'IA,  from  (poptonai,  or  '(ptpo/iat,  '  I 
put  m3'self  in  motion,'  and  vono;,  '  law.'  The  doc 
trine  of  muscular  motion. 

PHOROUS,  from  (pcput,  '1  carry.'  A  suffix  de- 
noting conveyance.     Hence,  Galacto^jAoj-oiis,  &c. 

PHOS,  Usht. 

PHOSPHAS  CALCICUM  STIBIATUM,  An- 
timonial  powder — p.  Calcis  stibiatus,  Antimonial 
powder — p.  Natricum,  Soda,  phosphate  of. 

PHOSPHAT'IC,  Phosphat'icus,  from  Phospho- 
rus. Relating  to  the  phosphates ;  hence  the 
Phosphat'ic  Diath'esis  is  the  habit  of  body  which 
favours  the  deposition  of  the  phosphates  from  the 
urine. 

PIIOSPHENE,  Photopsia. 

PnOSPHORE,  Phosphorus. 

PEOSPHORENESES.  M.  Baumes  unites, 
under  this  generic  name,  diseases  which  he  attri- 
butes to  disordered  phosphorization ;  i.  e.  to  ex- 
cess or  deficiency  of  calcareous  phosphate  or  its 
decomposition.  Amongst  these  affections  he 
ranks  rachitis,  osteo-malacia,  and  gout. 

PHOSPHORES  'CENCE,  Phosphoreseen  'tra. 
The  properties  possessed  by  certain  bodies  of  be- 
ing luminous  in  obscurity,  or  under  particular 
circumstances. 

PHOS'PHORIC  ACID,  Ac"idum  phosphor'- 
icum,  (F.)  Acide  phosphorique.  A  solid,  colour- 
less compound;  highly  sapid;  very  soluble  in 
•water,  and  vitrifiable  by  fire.  It  exists  in  bones 
combined  with  lime.  It  has  been  employed  in 
medicine  in  the  form  of  lemonade,  in  passive  he- 
morrhage, typhus,  phthisis,  marasmus,  <tc.,  and 
in  injection  in  eases  of  cancer  of  the  uterus.  It 
does  not  seem  preferable  to  other  acids. 

PHOSPHORURIA,  Urine,  phosphorescent. 

PHOS'PHORUS,  Phoa'phorum,  Autophos'pho- 
riis,  Ignis  philosoph'ieus,  Lumen  constans,  from 
^ci)y,/ light,'  and  ipepoi,  '1  carry.'  (F.)  Phosphore. 
^A  light  carrier.'  An  elementary  or  undecom- 
posed  substance  ;  not  metallic ;  solid ;  transparent 
or  semitransparent ;  colourless;  brilliant;  flexible; 
of  a  sensible  garlic  odour ;  very  inflammable, 
and  susceptible  of  combining  with  the  oxygen 
of  the  atmosphere,  at  even  the  ordinary  tempera- 
ture. It  does  not  exist  pure  in  nature,  but  is 
found  frequently  united  to  other  bodies.  Its 
fumes  in  the  manufacture  of  lucifer  and  congreve 
matches  have  caused,  it  is  said,  necrosis  of  the 
lower  jaw — ' phosphortis  jaic  disease.' 

Phosphorus  has  been  used  in  medicine,  dis- 
solved in  ether  or  suspended  in  the  yolk  of  egg, 
as  a  stimulant;  but  the  greatest  precautions  are 
necessary  in  its  administration  :  hence  it  is  rarely 
employed. 

Phosphorus  Jaw  Disease,  see  Phosphorus. 

PHOSPHURIA,  Urine,  phosphorescent.  See 
Urine. 

PHOTODAMPSIS,  Refraction. 

PHOTOMA'NIA,  from  <pu)g,  '  light,'  and  mania. 
Insane  delirium  induced  by  light. 

PHOTOPHO'BIA,  from  ipu>s,  ^wto;,  'light,'  and 
<po^o;,  'fear.'  Aversion  to  light: — intolerance 
of  light.     Nyctalopia. 

PHOTOPHOBICUS,  Lucifugus. 

PHOTOPHOBOPHTHALMIA,  Nyctalopia. 

PHOTOPHOBUS,  Lucifugus. 

PHOTOP'SIA,  Visits  lu'cidus,  from  <pu>s,  'light,' 
and  wif')  'the  eye.'  (F.)  Phosphene.  A  false 
perception  of  light,  as  of  sparks,  flashes  of  fire, 
Ac,  occasioned  by  certain  conditions  of  the  retina 
and  brain,  and  by  pressure  on  the  eyeball.  When 
pressure  does  not  induce  the  luminous  appear- 


ance, the  existence  of  amaurosis  may  be  inferred. 
See  Metamorphopsia. 

PHOTU'RIA,  from  0uf,  'light,'  and  ovpop, 
urine.'     A  luminous  condition  of  the  urine. 

PHRAGMOS,  (ppaynos,  from  (ppaaaw,  'I  en- 
close.'    A  row  of  teetli. 

PHRASIS,  Voice,  articulated. 

PHRASUM,  Marrubium. 

PHREN,  (ppyjv,  'the  mind.'  Also,  the  dia- 
phragm and  scrobiculus  cordis. 

PHRENAUX'E,  Eypertroph'ia  cer'ehri';  from 
<ppr]v,  '  the  mind,  the  organ  of  mind,'  and  av^r}, 
'  increase.'     Hypertrophy  of  the  brain. 

VRUE^ATROFWIA,  Atroph'ia  cer'ehri;  from 
(ppijv,  '  the  mind,  the  organ  of  mind,'  a,  priv., 
and  Tpo(pv,  'nourishment.'  Wasting  or  atrophy 
of  the  brain. 

PHRENES,  Diaphragm. 

PHRENESIA,  Phrenitis. 

PHRENESIE,  Phrenitis. 

PHRENESIS,  Delirium,  Phrenitis. 

PHRENETIASIS,  Delirium,  Phrenitis. 

PHRENETISMUS,  Phrenitis. 

PHRENIC,  Diaphragmatic. 

PHRE'NICA,  from  <ppT]v, '  the  mind.'  Diseases 
affecting  the  intellect ;  characterized  by  error, 
perversion,  or  debility  of  one  or  more  of  the  men- 
tal faculties,  [Phrenopathi'a.)  The  first  order  of 
the  class  Neurotica  of  Good.  Also,  remedies  that 
affect  the  mental  faculties  —  Phren'ics.     Pereira, 

PHRENICS,  see  Phrenica. 

PHRENICULA  HYDROCEPHALICA,  Hy- 
drocephalus internus. 

PHRENISMUS,  Phrenitis. 

PHRENI'TIS,  Phren'esis,  Phrene'sia,  Phre- 
neti'asis,  Phrenis'mvs,  Phreneiis'mvs,  Cej)hali'tisj 
Cephalalgia  injiammato'ria,  Karabitus  (Arab.), 
Sibare,  Sphacelis' miia  cer'ehri,  Ewprcs'ma  cepha- 
li'tis,  Siri'asis,  Seiri'asis,  Sidera'tio,  Inflamma'- 
tio  phreni'tis,  Eneephali'tis,  Cauma  phreni'tis, 
Phrensy,  Delirium,  Brain  Fever,  (F.)  Phrenesie, 
Inflammation  du  cervemi  et  du  cervelet,  from  (fiprjv, 
'  the  mind,'  and  itis,  denoting  inflammation.  A 
disease  characterized  by  violent  pyrexia,  pain  in 
the  head,  redness  of  the  face  and  eyes,  intole- 
rance of  light  and  sound,  watchfulness,  and  de- 
lirium, either  furious  or  muttering.  Its  causes 
are  the  same  as  those  of  other  inflammations : 
sometimes,  however,  it  is  induced  by  a  Coup  de 
soleil ;  by  inebriation  ;  violent  mental  emotions, 
ko.  Some  authors  have  given  the  name  Phre- 
nitis and  lleiiingi'tis  to  inflammation  of  the  mem- 
branes of  the  brain  ;  and  that  of  Cephalitis,  En- 
cephalitis, or  Cerebritis  to  inflammation  of  the 
substance  of  the  brain  ;  but  there  are  no  pathog- 
nomic symptoms,  which  can  lead  us  to  refer  the 
seat  of  the  disease  to  either  of  those  parts  exclu- 
sively. Phrenitis  is,  of  course,  a  very  dangerous 
affection,  from  the  importance  of  the  organ  con- 
cerned. The  most  active  treatment  must  neces- 
sarily be  pursued.  Repeated  bleeding;  purging; 
the  application  of  ice  to  the  shaved  head;  a  po- 
sition in  which  the  head  is  raised;  and  the  avoid- 
ing of  irritation  of  every  kind;  —  form  the  reme- 
dial means  during  the  violent  stage.  After  this 
has  yielded,  counter-irritants  to  the  nape  of  the 
neck  or  to  other  parts  of  the  body  will  be  useful 
adjuvants.  When  the  brain  and  meninges  were 
affected  only  symptomatically,  as  in  inflamma- 
tion of  the  diaphragm,  the  disease  was  formerly 
called  Paraphrenitis. 

Hydrocephalus  acutns  is  a  variety  of  phrenilis. 

Phrenitis  Calentfra,  Coup-de-soleil — p.  Lsr- 
trans.  Hydrophobia — p.  Potatorum,  Delirium  tr&. 
mens — p.  Verminosa,  Vercoquin. 

PHRENOLOGY,  Craniology. 

PHRENO-MAG'NEIISM,    Phreno-nuamm'. 


PHRENOPARALTSIS 


668 


PHTHISIS 


tsm.  A  t«rm  applied  to  the  condition  of  a  mes- 
mex-ized  person,  in  -which,  when  any  cerebral  or 
phrenological  organ — so  called — is  touched,  the 
functions  of  the  organ  are  manifested.  It  has  been 
established,  that  no  such  phenomena  can  be  eli- 
cited in  children,  or  in  those  who  have  never  seen 
a  phrenolosieal  cast  or  picture. 

PHRB^''OPARALYSIS,  see  Paralysis. 

PHREXOPATHIA,  see  Phrenica. 

Phrexopathi'a  ^the'rea.  The  aggregate 
of  encephalic  phenomena  induced  by  the  inhala- 
tion of  ether. 

PHRENSY,  Phrenitis. 

PHRICASMUS,  Horripilation. 

PHRICE,  Horripilation. 

PHRICIA,  Ilorripilation. 

PHRICIASIS,  Horripilation. 

PHRICO'DES  (FERRIS,)  from  ipptKv,  'a  shi- 
vering ;'  Horrif'ica.  A  fever  in  which  the  chill 
is  very  intense  and  prolonged. 

PHRYAGMA,  Shuddering. 

PHRYCTE.  Colophonia. 

PnRYG"IUS  (LAPIS.)  An  earthy  matter, 
found  in  Phrygia  and  Cappadocia,  and  formerly 
employed  as  an  astringent. —  Gorraeus. 

PHTHARMA  CALIGO,  Caligo— p.  Cataracta, 
Cataract — p.  Glaucoma,  Glaucoma. 

PlITHEIR,  Pediculus. 

PHTHEIRE'MIA;  from  09apa),  'I  corrupt,' 
and  'aijia,  'blood.  A  state  in  which  the  jjlastic 
powers  of  the  blood  are  deteriorated. 

PHTIIEIRI'ASIS,  Phthiriasis,  from  05ap,  'a 
louse  ;'  Morhus  pediculo'sus,  3[.i:iedicula'ris,  Pru- 
ri''jo  pcdicida'ris,  Pedteida'tio,  Ilalia  pedtc'idi, 
Pefa'le,  Lousiness,  Lousy  disease,  (F.)  Maladie 
pediculaire,  Phihiriase.  A  disease  which-  con- 
sists in  the  excessive  multiplication  of  lice  on  the 
human  body,  under  conditions  in  which  it  does 
not  ordinarily  take  place,  and  in  spite  of  cleanli- 
ness. It  has  been  asserted  that  the  nfiFection  has 
often  caused  death.  Simple  and  medicated  baths 
have  been  recommended  for  its  removal ;  lotions 
of  the  decoction  or  infusion  of  tobacco  and  staves- 
acre,  mercurial  frictions,  <te. 

PHTHEIRIUM,  Delphinium  staphisagria. 

PHTHEIROCTONUM,  Delphinium  staphi- 
sagria. 

PHTHIXAS,  Phthisis. 

PHTIIINODES,  Phthisicus. 

PHTHfRIASE,  Phtheiriasis. 

PHTHIRIASIS,  Malis,  Phtheiriasis. 

PIITHIRIUM  SCABIEI,  see  Psora. 

PHTHIRIUS,  Antiparasitic  —  p.  Inguinalis, 
Bee  Pediculus. 

PHTHIROCTOXUS,  Abortive. 

PHTHIROPORON,  Autumn. 

PHTHISES:  same  etymon  as  Phthisis.  In 
the  classification  of  Fuchs,  diseases  attended  with 
nleeration,  hectic  fever,  and  emaciation. 

PHTHISIC,  Phthisis. 

PHTHISICAL,  Phthisicus. 

PHTHIS'ICUS,  Phthino'des,  PTithis' icnl,  Tis'- 
icfil,  (F.)  Poiti-iimire  ;  same  etymon  as  phthisis. 
Belonging  to  phthisis.  Also,  one  labouring  un- 
der phthisis. 

PHTHISFE,  Phthisis  pulmonalis  — p.  Calcu- 
leuse,  Calculi,  pulmonary,  see  Lithiasis  pulmo- 
num — p.  CarciiKimateuse,  Phthisis,  caoeerous — p. 
avec  3ielanose,  Anthracosis  pulmonum — p.Mesen- 
terique,  Tabes  mesenterica. 

PHTHISIOL'OGY,  Phthis{olof/"{a,  from  ^.St- 
ei(,  and  Xoyof.     A  treatise  on  phthisis. 

PHTHIRIOSIS,  Tubercular  consumption. 
PHTttlSI- PNEUMONIA.    Phthisis    pulmo- 
Balis. 

PHTHISIS,  Phthoe,  PhtJuoae.  Tales,  Te'ce- 
don.  Conntimption,  Decline,  Phlhis'ic,  Tis'ic;  from 


0Stii>,  *  I  dry,  I  fade.'  This  word,  taken  in  a  ge- 
neral sense,  means  progressive  emaciation  of 
every  part  of  the  body.  It  is  usually,  however, 
restricted  to  phthisis  pulmonalis. 

Phthisis,  Black,  see  Anthracosis. 

Phthisis,  Brok'chial,  PTithisis  IroncMa'Us. 
Phthisis  occasioned  by  the  pressure  of  enlarged 
tuberculous  bronchial  glands,  which,  not  unfre- 
quently,  communicate  with  caverns  in  the  lungs, 
or  with  the  bronchia. 

Phthisis  Calculosa,  Lithiasis  pulmonum. 

Phthisis,  Can'cerous,  Scirrlius,  Carcinoma  et 
Fungus  Puhno'num,  Med'ullary  or  Encepli! aloid 
Tumour  of  the  Luncj,  (F.)  Cancer  du  Poumon. 
Cancer  of  the  lung,  which  gives  rise  to  carci- 
nomatous phthisis,  (F.)  Phthisic  carcinomateuse, 
of  Bayle. 

Phthisis  Consummata,  see  Ph.  pulmonalis — p. 
Dorsalis,  Tabes  Dorsalis  —  p.  Dyspeptic,  see 
Phthisis  —  p.  Exulcerata,  Ph.  pulmonalis  —  p. 
Hepatica,  Hepato-phthisis — p.  Ischiadica,  Ischio- 
phthisis. 

Phthisis  Lartnge'a,  Chronic  Laryngi'tis,  La- 
ryngi'tis  et  Trachei'tis  chron'ica,  Tuherculo' sia 
laryn'gis  et  trache'cB,  Laryn'go  et  Traeheopihthisis^ 
Laryngophfhisis,  Ul'cera  seu  Helco'sis  Laryngis, 
(F.)  Phthisie  laryngee.  Ulcere  du  larynx,  Luryn- 
gite  avec  secretion  de  Pus,  is  a  species  of  con- 
sumption analogous  to  phthisis  pulmonalis,  pro- 
duced by  inflammation  and  ulceration  of  the  in- 
terior of  the  larynx,  and  sometimes  by  caries  of 
the  cartilages.  Phthisis  traehea'lis,  Tracheoph- 
thi'sis,  is  a  similar  affection,  seated  in  the  trachea. 
Chronic  inflammation  of  the  larynx  and  trachea 
may  exist,  however,  without  tubercles  or  phthisis. 

Phthisis  Meseraica,  Tabes  mesenterica — p. 
Nodosa,  Ph.  pulmonalis  —  p.  Notias,  Tabes  dor- 
salis. 

Phthisis  Pulmona'lis,  Ph.  pidmo'num.  Ph. 
pulmona'lis  vera  seu  tuherculo' sa  seu  scropjhnlo' sa 
seu  tuheretdo-ulcera' ta  seu  purulen'la  exidcera'ta 
seu  extdcera'ta,  Maras' mus pihthisis,  Hec' tica phthi- 
sis, HcBmop'tysis  phthisis.  Ph.  Pulmona'ris  seu  no- 
do'sa,  Passio  vomieof'lua,  Phthisi-pneumo'nia, Ta- 
les pulmona'lis  seu  2)ulmo'num,  Ulcus  pjidmonum, 
Helco'sis  pulmona'lis,  Pneumonophthi' sis,  Pneumo- 
noph'thoe.  Phthisis  scrophido'sa,  Pneumoji'thoe, 
P  ulmo'  nia, Phthisis  tulercido'  sa,Tuherculo'  sis  Pid- 
mo'  nitm  ,Gongrop)ht]d'  sis,  Tuberculous  disease  of  the 
lungs.  Pulmonary  consumpition,  ConsumpAion,  De- 
cline, Phthisic,  I'isic,  (F.)  Phthisie,  P.pidmonaire, 
Crachement  de  pius.  Occasionally,  this  formida- 
ble disease  occurs  accidentally  :  but,  usually,  it 
is  caused  by  a  conformation  obtained  from  pro- 
genitors. This,  at  least,  predisposes  to  it;  and 
but  a  slight  exciting  cause  may  be  required  to 
rouse  the  predisposition  into  action.  It  is  less  a 
disease  of  the  torrid  zone ;  and,  in  the  temperate 
regions  of  the  globe,  its  pathology  is  often  inti- 
mately allied  with  that  of  scrofula.  It  consists 
in  the  formation  of  tubercles  in  the  lungs,  which 
sooner  or  later  inflame  and  break  down.  In  such  a 
constitution,  ulcerations  of  the  lungs  do  not  readily 
heal;  and  hectic  fever — the  universal  attendant 
upon  irritability  and  debility — is  established.  This 
persists,  and  gradually  wears  down  the  patient, 
till  he  ultimately  expires,  exhausted  by  the  irri- 
tative fever.  The  chief  symptoms  are'  the  fol- 
lowing. The  patient  feels  a  sense  of  uneasiness 
in  the  chest,  with  severe  fits  of  coughing,  or  a 
short  and  dry  cough  with  dyspnoea.  This  may 
be  considered  the  incipient  stage.  The  cough 
then  becomes  extremely  troublesome,  especially 
in  the  morning;  and  dyspnoea  is  increased  on  the 
slightest  exertion.  The  expectoration  is  evidently 
purulent,  with  fever  in  the  evening,  and  circum- 
scribed redness  of  the  cheeks;  wasting  and  col- 
liquative sweats  early  in  the  morning.    This  must 


PHTHISIS 


669 


PHYSCONIA 


be  considered  the  confirmed  stage, — PJitTiisis  con- 
tumma'ta,  Pneumophthi'sif.  In  the  third,  or  last 
stage,  the  hectic  is  constant,  with  small  pulse, 
pungent  heat,  colliquative  sweats,  and  diarrhoea. 
The  weakness  becomes  extreme,  and  the  patient 
exhausted.  Physical  Signs.  —  1.  In  the  first 
stage,  whilst  there  are  yet  scattered  miliary  tu- 
bercles,— the  only  appreciable  change  at  the  ex- 
terior of  the  chest,  and  this  is  not  constant,  is  a 
want  of  freedom  in  the  movements  under  one  or 
both  clavicles.  Percussion  will  generally  disco- 
ver a  slight  diminution  of  sound  corresponding 
to  the  summit  of  one  lung.  In  the  same  situa- 
tion, auscultation  shows  that  the  inspiratory  mur- 
mur is  either  weaker,  rougher,  or  confused.  The 
sound  of  expiration  is  more  distinct.  The  voice 
and  cough  are  rather  more  resonant,  and  wheez- 
ing or  mucous  rdles  are  occasionally  heard  in  the 
same  region.  2.  When  the  tubercular  deposition 
has  become  more  abundant,  the  motion  of  the 
chest  is  more  markedly  diminished  under  one  or 
both  clavicles.  The  loss  of  sound  on  percussion 
is  more  distinct,  the  inspiration,  on  auscultation, 
is  bronchial,  the  expiration  louder  and  more  su- 
perficial, and  the  resonance  of  the  voice  and 
cough  is  increased.  The  rest  of  the  lung  is  per- 
haps healthy,  or  the  respiration  may  be  puerile. 
3.  When  the  tubercles  are  undergoing  softening, 
— in  addition  to  the  preceding  signs,  auscultation 
exhibits  a  suberepitant  rale  around  the  apes  of 
the  lung,  decreasing  from  ab.ove  downwards.  It 
is  most  distinct  during  or  after  the  cough,  and  at 
the  close  of  a  deep  inspiration.  As  the  disease 
proceeds,  the  bubbling  becomes  successively 
larger,  and  ultimately  gargoxiiUement  is  heard. 
The  inspiration  and  expiration  are  cavernous  or 
tracheal.  The  voice  and  cough  indicate  unusual 
resonance  and  pectoriloquy.  The  intercostal 
spaces  are  often  depressed  locally,  and  percussion 
may  become  gradually  clearer  and  even  tympa- 
nitic as  the  cavern  increases. 

It  is  only  in  the  incipient  state  of  this  formi- 
dable disease,  that  advantage  can  be  expected 
from  any  plan  of  treatment;  and  of  all  means 
that  can  be  devised,  that  of  removing  to  a  climate 
in  which  air  and  exercise  can  be  daily  enjoyed 
during  the  autumnal,  winter,  and  spring  months 
is  the  best.  See  Climate.  If  this  be  impracti- 
cable, the  patient  must  be  kept  in  a  regulated 
temperature,  taking  care  that  the  chamber  be 
duly  ventilated  ;  and  gestation  in  the  open  air  be 
used,  whenever  the  atmosphere,  although  cold,  is 
drj-.  The  other  indications  will  be  :  1.  To  mode- 
rate inflammatory  action :  2.  To  support  the 
strength ;  and,  3.  To  palliate  urgent  symptoms. 
The  whole  treatment  indeed  is  palliative.  Coun- 
ter-irritants relieve  pain :  demulcents  and  mild 
opiates  alleviate  the  cough :  the  mineral  acids, 
united  with  opium,  relieve  the  colliquative  sweats; 
and  chalk  and  opium  the  diarrhoea. 

Dr.  Wilson  Philip  has  pointed  out  a  particular 
species  of  phthisis,  which  is  characterized,  in  the 
early  stage,  by  a  deranged  state  of  the  digestive 
organs  ;  flatulent, irregular  bowels ;  furred  tongue; 
impaired  appetite  ;  unnatural  fteces ;  and  the  epi- 
gastric region  more  or  less  full  and  tender  on 
pressare.  The  affection  of  the  lungs  is  here 
secondary.     He  calls  it  Dyspeptic  phthisis. 

Phthisis  Puljionalis  Purulenta  Exulce- 
p.ATA,  Phthisis  pulmonalis  —  p.  Pulmonalis  scro- 
fulosa.  Phthisis  pulmonalis — p.  Pulmonalis  tu- 
berculosa. Phthisis  pulmonalis  —  p.  Pulmonalis 
tuberculosa-ulcerata,  Phthisis  pulmonalis  —  p. 
Pulmonalis  vera.  Phthisis  pulmonalis  — p.  Pupil- 
\x.  Syne7.isis — p.  Pupillaris,  Myosis — p.  Scrophu- 
losa,  Phthisis  pulmonalis  —  p.  Sicca,  Tabes  dor- 
salis — p.  Tuberculosa,  Phthisis  pulmonalis  —  p. 
Uterina,  Metrophthisis  —  p.  Yesicalis,  Cystoph- 
thisis. 


PHTniSlTRIA,  Diabetes. 

PHTHISUEIE,  Diabetes— 2:..  Siicree,  Diabetes 
mellitus. 

PHTHOE,  Phthisis. 

PHTHOIS,  Pastil,  Trochiscus. 

PHTHOISCOS,  Pastil,  Trochiscus. 

PHTHONGODYSPHORIA,  Hyperacusis. 

PHTHORA,  Abortion,  Corruption,  Plague. 

PHTHORIUS.  Abortive. 

PHTHOROCTONUS,  Abortive. 

PHUCAGROSTIS  MINOR,  Pila  marina. 

PHUSCA,  Oxycrate. 

PHYGANTHROPIA,  Misanthropia. 

PHYGETH'LON,  Panus,  Phyp>eUa,  from  <pvu>, 
'I  grow.'  Inflammation  of  the  superficial  lym- 
phatic glands,  not  ending  in  suppuration. 

PHYLACTERION,  Amuletum. 

PHYLACTE'RIUM,  from  (l,v\aa,jio,  '1  pre- 
serve.' A  Phylac'tery.  An  amulet : — a  prophy- 
lactic. 

PIIYLAXIS,  Conservation. 

PHYLLAN'THUS  URINA'RIA,  Pinl-ohmn- 
la.  A  plant  employed  in  Ceylon,  in  decoction, 
as  a  diuretic. 

PHYLLITIS,  Asplenium  scolopendrium  —  p. 
Muraria,  Asplenium  ruta  muraria  —  p.  Rotundi- 
folia,  Asplenium  trichomanoides. 

PHYMA,  Phima,  from  (pvo/jai,  '1  spring  up.' 
W^itli  the  ancients,  this  word  was  used  with  great 
latitude  :  sometimes,  in  the  sense  of  phlegmon, 
for  tumours  larger  than  a  boil,  and  perfectly  sup- 
purative. In  the  nosology  of  Sauvages,  Phymata 
is  an  order  of  diseases,  to  which  he  refers  erysi- 
pelas, oedema,  phlegmon,  emphysema,  scirrhus, 
&c.  In  that  of  Dr.  Good  it  is  a  genus,  including 
hordeolum,  furunculus,  sycosis,  and  anthrax. 

Phyma  A>'TnRAx,  Anthrax  —  p.  Anthrax  ter- 
minthus,  Terminthus  —  p.  Sycosis,  Sycosis. 

PHYMATO'SES,  from  ^u/^a,  'a  hard  tumour. 
Tuberculous  diseases.  —  Fuchs. 

PHYMATOSIS,  Excrescence— p.  Cerebri,  En- 
cephalophymata  —  p.  Elephantiasis,  Elephantia- 
sis—  p.  Lupus,  Lupus  —  p.  Verrucosa,  Verruca. 

PHYMOSIS,  Phimosis. 

PIIYPELLA,  Phygethlon. 

PHYSA,  Crepitation. 

PHYSAGOGA,  Carminatives. 

PHY'SALIS,  P.  AlheTcen'gi  seu  Tialicac'ahum, 
Sola'niim  vesica' riitm,  Alehachen'ge,  Alkeken'gi, 
Halicac' ahum ,  Winter  Cherry,  (F.)  AlkeJceiige, 
Coqueret.  Family,  Solanese.  Sex.  Syst.  Pen- 
tandria  Monogynia.  The  berries  are  recom- 
mended as  a  diuretic,  from  6  to  12  for  a  dose,  in 
dropsical  and  calculous  cases. 

Physalis  Alkekengi,  Physalis — p.  Halicaca- 
bum,  Physalis — p.  Stramonium,  Anisodus  luridus. 

PHYSCIA  ISLANDICA,  Lichen  islandicus  — 
p.  Nivalis,  Lichen  caninus. 

PHYSCO'NIA,  from  ^v(tk,,,  'a  bladder.'  Ven- 
tros'itas,  Ecphy'ma  physco'nia,  Hyposar'ca,  Em- 
phrac'tica,  Visco'nia,  Hypersarehid'ioa,  Potbelly, 
Pendulous  abdo'men,  Swaglelly.  A  generic  term, 
under  which  Sauvages  has  comprised  every  large 
tumour  developed  in  the  abdomen,  that  is  neither 
fluctuating  nor  sonorous.  Linnaeus  calls  it  Hy- 
posarca. 

Physco'nia  Adipo'sa,  Obes'itas  seu  Polysar'- 
cia  vis'cerum.  Accumulution  of  fat  in  the  intes- 
tines. 

Phtsconia  Biliosa,  Turgescentia  vesiculae 
felleas. 

Phtsconia  Emphysewat'ica.  Accumulation 
of  air  in  the  areolar  tissue,  or  between  the  coata 
of  particular  viscera. 

Physconia  Lienis,  Splenoneus  —  p.  Mesente- 
rica,  Tabes  mesenterica  —  p.  Splenica,  Ague 
cake. 

Physconia  Strumo'sa,  Srv^fula  ahdom!na'{i» 


PHYSCONIE 


670 


PIA 


inter'na.  Tumid  abdomen  from  scrophulous  en- 
largement of  the  glands. 

PUYSOONIE  MESENTERIQUE,  Tabes 
mesenterica. 

PHYSEMA,  Tympanites,  Physesis. 

PHYSE'SIS,  Physe'ma,  from  (/.ixratd,  'I  inflate.' 
An  emphysematous  tumour.     Tympanites. 

PHYSETER  MACROCEPHALUS,  see  Ceta- 
ceum. 

PHYSTATRICE,  Vis  medicatrix  naturae. 

PHYSIAUTOCRATIA,  Vis  medicatrix  na- 
turas. 

PHYSIC,  Medicament,  Medicina  —  p.  Indian, 
Euphorbia  corollata,  Gillenia  trifoliata — p.  Root, 
Leptandria  purpurea. 

PHYSICAL,  Medical. 

PHYSICIAN,  iled'icus,  latros,  Aces' tor, 
Aces' ter,  Althens ;  from  rpvaig,  'nature.  (F.)  3Ie- 
dectii.  One  who  has  received  his  degree  from  an 
incorporated  Institution,  as  Doctor  of  Medicine. 
The  French  formerly  used  the  word  pht/sicien  in 
the  same  sense.  It  is  now  appropriated  to  the 
natural  philosopher. 

Physician,  Faiiily.  One  regarded  as  the 
regular  attendant  on  a  familj'. 

Physician,  Learned,  latrosophista — p.  Prac- 
tical, latrotechna — p.  Priest,  see  Asclepiadse. 

PHYSTCIEN,  Physician. 

PHYSICS,  MED'ICAL,  latropTiys'ics.  Phy- 
sics directly  applied  to  medicine,  —  either  to  the 
explanation  of  the  vital  phenomena,  the  preserva- 
tion of  individuals,  or  the  treatment  of  disease. 

PHYSIOAUTOCRATIA,  Vis  medicatrix  na- 
turae. 

PHYSIOGr'JTOMY,  Physiognom'ia,  Physiog- 
nom'ica,  Physiognom'iee,  Physionovi'ia,  Physi- 
ognomon'ia,  Physiognom'one,  Physiognomos'yne, 
Phyfiiognoniosia,  Anfhroposcoj^'ia,  Prosoj^oynan- 
ti'a,  Pro8opolog"ia,  Semiot'ice  fa'ciei,  Physiognn- 
mon'ica,  Physiognom'ony,  lletopos'copjy,  Prosopo'- 
eie,  from  (pvaig,  '  nature,'  and  yvia/iri,  '  knowledge.' 
The  art  of  knowing  the  dispositions  of  men  from 
their  external  appearance ;  especially  from  the 
features.  Every  inference  of  this  kind  must  ne- 
cessarily be  extremely  fallacious,  and  cannot  be 
reduced  to  rule,  as  was  attempted  by  Lavater  and 
others.  In  infantile  diseases,  numerous  shades 
of  expression  are  evident,  which  experience 
teaches  how  to  appreciate  ;  and  which  afford  use- 
ful guides  in  understanding  the  pathology  of  that 
period  of  existence. 

PHYSIOLOGIA  PATHOGENETICA,  see  Pa- 
thogenetic. » 

PHYSIOLOGICAL  ANATOMY,  see  Anatomy 
—  p.  Doctrine,  Broussaism. 

PHYSIOLOGICE,  Physiology. 

PHYSIOL'OGY,  Phy«iolog"ia,  Diol'ogy,  Bion>- 
omy,  Biot'ics,  B!oph(Bnomenolog"{a,  Physiolog"- 
*ce,  (Econom'ia  anima'lis,  Anatom'ia  viva,  Anat'- 
ome  anima'ta,  Anthropolog"ia,  Microcosmogra' - 
phio,  Microeos'mica  ecicii'tia,  CognWio  phyxio- 
log"ica.  Pars  natura'lis  medici'ncB,  Philosoph'ia 
cor' pons  vivi ;  from  (jivaig,  'nature,'  and  Xoyo;,  'a, 
description.'  Formerly,  Physiology  meant  the 
same  as  Physics,  in  its  extensive  signification, 
now  does.  At  the  present  daj',  it  includes  the 
science  which  treats  of  the  functions  of  animals 
or  vegetables  ;  an  acquaintance  with  the  pheno- 
mena the  aggregate  of  which  constitute  life.  It  is 
the  science  of  life.  It  is  divided  into  animal — Zoo- 
phypiologia,  and  vegetable  —  PIiytophysiolog"ia, 
accurding  as  it  considers  the  life  of  animals  or  of 
vegetables  singly.  Comparative  physiology  com- 
prises both.  Physiology  is,  also,  general  or  special, 
according  as  it  treats  of  life  in  the  abstract  or  in 
lome  particular  species.  To  the  latter  belongs  the 
Physxoh.gy  of  JfoJK  —  called  also,  Hygienic  Phy- 


siology to  distinguish  it  from  Pathological  Physi- 
ology or  Pathology. 

Physiology,  Pathogenetic,  see  Pathogenetic. 

PHYSIONOMIA,  Physiognomy. 

PHYSI0N03IIE  EGAREE,  see  WUd. 

PIIYSIS,  Natura,  Sex. 

PHYSOCE'LE,  Pneumatoce'le,  Hernia  vento'- 
sa ;  Oscheoce'le  flatnlen'ta,  Emphyse'ma  Scroti, 
from  <pv<Ta(jti,  'I  insufflate,'  and  KrjXrj,  'a  tumour.' 
An  emphysematous  tumour  of  the  scrotum  ;  pro- 
bably a  case  of  intestinal  hernia,  containing  much 
flatus. 

PHYSOCEPH'ALUS,  from  ^utraco,  'I  inflate,' 
and  Ke'jiaXrj,  'the  head.'  PhysocepV alus.  Emphy- 
sematous tumefaction  of  the  head. 

PHYSOCCELIA,  Tympanites. 

PHYSO'DES ;  from  (pvcao), '  I  inflate,'  and  tt^of, 
'resemblance.'  Full  of  air;  apparently  full  of 
air  —  applied  to  tumours,  &o. 

PHYSOME'TRA,  Emphyse'ma  U'teri,  Hys- 
teroph'yse,  Hysteropsoph'ia,  Hysteremphyse'ma, 
Hystremphyse' ma,  Metremphyse'ma,  ^dueopisoph'- 
ia  uteri'na,  Emphyse'ma  uteri'num,  hifia'tio 
U'teri,  Tym'pany  of  the  Womb,  U'terine  tymjiani'- 
tes,  from  (pvaam,  '  I  inflate,'  and  nirpa,  '  the  womb. 
A  light,  tense,  circumscribed  protuberance  in  the 
hypogastrium,  obscurely  sonorous,  with  wind 
occasionally  discharged  through  the  os  uteri. 

PHYSON,  Flatulence. 

PHYSONCUS,  Emphysema. 

PHYSOPSOPH'IA;  from  (pvcato,  '1  inflate,' 
and  il/ofos,  '  a  noise.'  A  discharge  of  air  with 
noise. 

PHYSOSPASMUS,  Colica  flatulenta. 

PHYSOTHORAX,  Pneumothorax. 

PHYTIVOROUS,  Phytophagous. 

PHYTOALOPECIA,  Porrigo  decalvans. 

PHYTO-CHYMISTRY,  see  Chymistry. 

PHYTOLACCA  DECAN'DRA,  P.  vulgaris, 
Poke  Weed,  Amer'ican  Night  Shade,  Cancer  root, 
Poke,  Skoke,  Jucato  Caleloe,  (?)  Jalap,  Pigeon 
Berries,  Jalap  cancer  root,  Sola'num  racemo'sum 
America'num,  S.  magnum  Virginia'num  rubrum, 
Blitum  America'num,  Garget,  (F.)  Raisin  d'Ame- 
rique,  Phytolaque  d  dix  etamines,  3Iorelle  en 
grappes,  Meehoacan  du  Canada.  Family,  Che- 
nopodeoe.  Sex.  Syst.  Decandria  Decagynia.  The 
leaves,  berries,  and  roots  are  employed.  The 
young  stems,  when  boiled,  are  sometimes  eaten 
at  table  ;  but  when  old,  they  must  be  cautiously 
used,  as  the  plant  is  emetic  and  cathartic.  It  is 
most  celebrated  as  a  remedy  in  chronic  rheuma- 
tism ;  and  is  given  in  the  form  of  tincture  of  the 
ripe  berries.  It  is,  also,  used  in  cutaneous  erup- 
tions ;  tinea  capitis,  itch,  cancerous  ulcers,  &c. 

The  root  is  gathered  and  dried  in  the  fall. 

PHYTOLAQUE  A  BIX  ETAMINES,  Phy- 
tolacca decandra. 

PHYTOLOGIA  MEDICA,  Botany,  medical. 

PHYTOPH'AGOUS,  PhytojA'agus ;  Phytiv'- 
orous,  Phytiv'onts ;  from  ipvrov,  'a  plant,'  and 
(jtayu),  'I  eat.'  Feeding  or  subsisting  on  vege- 
tables. 

PHYTOPHYSIOLOGIA,  see  Physiology. 

PHYTOSPERM'A,  (F.)  Phytosperme ;  from 
(pvTov,  'a  vegetable,'  and  (nrcpfta,  'sperm.'  Par- 
ticles similar  to  the  spermatozoids  of  animals,  ob- 
served in  vegetables,  and  presumed  to  possess  a 
similar  agency  in  reproduction. 

PHYTOTOMY,  see  Anatomy,  (vegetable.) 

PIIYTOZOON,  Zoophyte. 

PIA  MATER,  Pia  seu  mollis  sen  ten'uis  Ma- 
ter, Pia  mcninx,  Meninx  inte'rior,  Meuinx  cho- 
roVdcs,  Inner  lam'ina  of  the  Meningine,  (Ch.,) 
Membra'na  vasculo'sa  Cer'cbri,  Membra' na  Cer'- 
ebri  ten'uis  seu  mollis  scu  pro'pria,  (F.)  Pie 
mere,  Meningette.     The  pia  mater  is  a  very  deli- 


PIAN 


671 


PILATIO 


cats  membrnne,  whicli  covers  the  brain  imme- 
diately, penetrates  into  its  anfractuosities,  and 
envelops,  also,  the  cerebellum  and  the  spinal  pro- 
longation, &c.  Bichat  does  not  regard  it  as  a 
Siembrane,  properly  so  called,  but  as  a  net-work 
of  blood-vessels,  united  by  a  lax  areolar  tissue. 
The  Pia  Mater  exterior  is  the  portion  of  mem- 
brane which  covers  the  exterior  of  the  encejiha- 
lon,  and  faces  the  arachnoid  externally.  The 
Pia  Mater  interior  is  that  which  lines  the  cere- 
bral fossse,  into  which  it  penetrates  by  a  cleft 
situate  between  the  posterior  part  of  the  corpus 
callosum  and  the  fornix ;  and  by  two  other  fis- 
sures, situate  between  the  corpora  fimbriata  and 
thalami  nervorum  opticorum.  The  pia  mater 
contains  a  great  number  of  granulations  similar 
to  the  Glandulm  Pacehioni. 

Pia  Mater  Testis,  Tunica  vasculosa — p.  Me- 
ninx,  P.  Mater. 
PIAN,  Framboesia. 
PIANS,  MOTHER  OF,  Mama-pian. 
PIAR,  Fat. 

PIARHiE'MIA;  from  map,  'fat,'  and  'ai/ua, 
•blood.'     Fat  in  the  blood.  —  Simon. 

PICA,  Malacia — p.  Africanorum,  Chthonopha- 
gia. 

PICAC,  Euphorbia  corollata. 
PICAOISM'US,    Pica'tio,    from  pix,    'pitch.' 
©epilation  by  means  of  a  pitch  plaster.     Also, 
Malacia. 

PICATIO,  Malacia,  Picacismus. 
PICEA,  Pinus  abies. 
PICERION,  Butter. 

PICHU'RIM  BEANS.  The  seed  of  a  tree, 
supposed  to  be  Persea  picTiurim,  Oco'tea  pichu'- 
rim,  which  grows  in  Brazil,  Guiana,  Venezuela, 
and  other  parts  of  South  America.  They  are  of 
an  elliptical  shape ;  flat  on  one  side,  convex  on 
the  other;  of  an  aromatic  odour  between  that  of 
nutmegs  and  sassafras,  and  of  a  spicy,  pungent 
taste.  The  medical  properties  are  the  same  as 
those  of  other  aromatics.  For  the  bark,  see  Pe- 
churim  cortex. 

PICKERELWEED,  SHOVEL,  Unisema  del- 
tifolia. 

PWOTE,  Variola. 
PIGOTEMENT,  Pricking. 
PICRiENA  EXCELSA,  Quassia. 
PICRIA,  Bitterness. 

PICRIUM  SPICATUM,  Coutoubea  alba. 
PICROCHOLOS,  Bilious. 

PI'CROMEL,  Bilin;  from  -mpog,  'bitter,'  and 
fiiXi,  'honey.'  A  name  given  by  Thenard  to  a 
colourless,  soft  substance,  of  an  acrid,  bitter,  sac- 
charine taste,  nauseous  smell,  and  very  soluble  in 
water. 

It  forms  part  of  the  bile,  and  is  classed  amongst 
the  animal  immediate  principles. 

PICROPE'GiB,  from  -iKpo?,  'bitter,'  and  Trnyv, 
'  a  spring.'     Mineral  waters ;  bitter  from  the  pre- 
sence of  chloride  of  magnesium. 
PICROS,  Amarus. 

PICROTOX'INE,  Picrotox'ina,  Pierotox'in, 
from  TziKQoq,  '  bitter,'  and  to^lvov,  '  poison.'  A 
vegetable  alkali,  discovered  by  M.  Boullay  in  the 
Menispernum  Cocenlus.  It  crystallizes  in  quad- 
rangular, white,  brilliant,  semitransparent  prisms; 
which  are  excessively  bitter,  soluble  in  three  parts 
of  alcohol,  and  in  fifteen  of  boiling  water. 

The  Coceulus  Indieus  owes  its  poisonous  pro- 
perties to  this  principle. 
PIE  MERE,  Pia  mater. 

PIE-MERiTE,  Inflamma'tio  pia  matris.  A 
miserably  compounded  term,  employed  by  M.  Gri- 
solle,  to  express  inflammation  of  the  pia  mater: — 
from  (F.)  pie  mere,  'the  pia  mater,'  and  ite,  itia; 
a  torminaiion  denoting  inflammation. 


Pri:CE,  Hepatitis. 

PIECES  D'ANATOMIE  ARTIFICIELLES, 
see  Artificial. 

PIED,  Pes — p.  d' Alexandre,  Anthemis  pyrc- 
thrum — p.  d'Alouetfe  des  champs,  Delphinium 
consolida — p.  Bot,  see  Kyllosis — p.  de  Chat,  An- 
tennaria  dioica — p.  de  Clieval  marin,  Cornu  am- 
monis — p.  de  Griffon,  Gryphius  pes,  Helleborus 
foetidus — p).  de  Lion,  Alchemilla — j).  de  Lit,  Ori- 
ganum— p.  d'Oitrs,  Acanthus  mollis — p.  Plat,  see 
Kyllosis — p.  de  Veav,  Arum  maculatum — p.  de 
Veau  Triphylle,  Arum  triphyllum. 

PIEIRON,  Fat. 

PIERRE,  Calculus— J5.  d'Aigle,  ^tites— p. 
d'Azur,  Lapis  lazuli — p.  Calaminaire,  Calamine 
— }).  d  Cautere,  Potassa  cum  calce — p.  Ivfernale, 
Argenti  nitras  — p.  Judaique,  Judajus  (lapis)  — 
p.  au  Lait,  Morochthus  — p.  Medicamentevse, 
Medicamentosus  lapis — p.  Ifephretique,  Nephre- 
ticus  lapis  — jp.  Ponce,  Pumex. 

PIERRE S  CE  A  YE  USES,  Calculi,  arthritic 
— p.  au  Fiel,  Calculi,  biliary  —  p.  Stercorales, 
Calculus  of  the  Stomach  and  Intestines — p.  Uri- 
naires,  Calculi,  urinary. 

PIESTER,  Press. 

PIESTERION,  Press. 

PIESTRON,  from  Trit^uy,  'I  press.'  An  instru- 
ment recommended  by  Hippocrates  for  breaking 
the  bones  of  the  foetal  head  when  too  large  to  be 
extracted  otherwise. 

PIGA3WN  JAUNATRE,  Thalictron. 

PIGEON  BERRIES,  Phytolacca  decandra  — 
p.  Breasted,  see  Lordosis  —  p.  Tree,  Aralia  spi- 
nosa. 

PIGMENT  CELLS,  see  Cell,  pigment. 

PIGMEN'TAL,  from  pigmentum,  'paint.* 
Having  relation  to  pigment  or  colouring  matter. 

Pigmental  Appara'tus,  (F.)  Apipareil  pig- 
mental. The  apparatus  concerned  in  the  colora- 
tion of  the  skin  of  the  coloured  varieties  of  man. 

—  Flourens. 

PIGMENTARIUS,  Apothecary,  Unguentarius. 

PIGMENTUM,  Paint— p.  Indicum,  Indigo— 
p.  Nigrum,  see  Choroid  —  p.  Uracu,  Terra  Or- 
leana. 

PIGMY,  Pygmy. 

PIGNEROLE,  Centaurea  calcitrapa. 

PIGNON  DE  BARB  ABIE,  Jatropha  curcaa 

—  p.  d'Inde,  Jatropha  curcas. 

PIGNUT,  Earthnut,  Groundnut.  The  bulbous 
root  of  Bu'nium  Bulbocas'taiuim.  Called  pignuts, 
from  the  fondness  of  the  pig  for  them.  They 
have  been  considered  to  possess  a  st^'ptic  quality; 
and  are  deemed  serviceable  in  atonic  afiections 
of  the  kidney.  —  Hooper. 

Pignut,  Bunium  bulbocastanum. 

PIG'S  FLARE,  Adeps  suillus. 

PILA,  SpJiara,  Ball.  A  gymnastic  exerciso, 
much  used  by  the  ancients  as  well  as  moderns. — 
Galen.     Also,  a  mortar  and  a  pestle — Ac'one. 

PiLA,  Mortar,  Pillar  —  p.  Damarum,  ^gagro- 
pila — p.  Rupicaprarum,  ^gagropila. 

PiLA  Mari'na,  Sphara  Marina,  SpjTicBra  TJia- 
las'sia,  Halcyo'nium  rotun'dum,  (F.)  Pelote  de 
Mer.  Certain  light,  round,  depressed,  or  oblong 
masses — inodorous  and  insipid — in  which  rushes, 
hairs,  and  the  debris  of  shells  are  met  with.  These 
are  found  on  the  sea-shores,  and  have  been  re- 
garded by  Spielmann  as  consisting  chiefly  of  the 
roots  of  the  Zos'tera  Mari'na  seu  Marit'ima,  Alga 
Mari'na,  Plntcagros'tis  minor.  Iodine  is  detected 
in  the  ashes,  which  accounts  for  their  success  in 
goitre.  They  have,  also,  been  given  as  a  vermifuge. 

PILARS  MALUM,  Trichosis. 

PILA'TIO,  from  piliis,  'a  hair.'  Fracture  of 
the  cranium  in  which  the  fissure  is  narrow,  and 
has  the  appearance  of  a  hair — Sicapi'illary  Jisaurgf 
(F.)  Fcntc  capillai^e. 


PILE 


672 


PILULA 


PILE,  Eair. 

PILE  A  PUMI'LA,  Ri'chioeecl,  Clearweed,  Cool- 
teeed;  indigenous;  Order,  Urticaceaj ;  flowering 
fi-oin  July  to  September ;  has  been  used  as  a 
wash  in  poisoning  by  Rhus.  It  has  a  strong, 
grateful  smell. 

PILEOLUM,  Cixlotte. 

PILE(3LUS,  Caul,  Pileus. 

PI'LEOUS,  Pilo'sus,  Pilose,  Pilous,  (F.)  Pileiix. 
That  whioh  relates  to  the  hair.     Hairy. 

PiLEOus  System  of  Bichat  is  that  formed  by 
the  hair.  It  comprises  the  different  species  of 
hair  of  the  human  body. 

PILES,  BLIND,  Cascse  hsemorrhoides,  see 
Hsemorrhois. 

PILEUS,  '  a  hat,  cap,  or  bonnet  for  the  head.' 
Pile'olus.  A  shield.  A  nipple-like  instrument, 
formed  of  vai-ious  materials,  and  used  by  females 
for  protecting  the  nipple  during  the  child's  suck- 
ing, when  the  part  is  painful.     Also,  a  caul. 

Pileus,  Cucupha  —  p.  Hippo eratipus,  Bonnet 
d'  Hippocrate. 

PILEUX,  Pileous. 

PILEWORT,  Ranunculus  aeris,  and  R.  ficaria. 

PILI  CAPITIS,  see  Capillus  — p.  Cutis,  La- 
ntigo  —  p.  Palpebrarum,  Cilia  —  p.  Pudendorum, 
Pubes. 

PILIER,  Pillar. 

PILIMICTIO,  see  Trichiasis. 

PILL,  Pilula — p.  Abernethy's,  see  Pilulse  hy- 
drargyri — p.  of  Aloes  and  Gamboge,  Pilula3  aloes 
et  cambogia3 — p.  of  Aloes  and  cinchona,  Pilulce 
aloes  et  kina  kinas  —  p.  of  Aloes  and  colocynth, 
Pilul£e  aloes  et  colocynthidis  —  p.  of  Aloes  and 
fetid  gums,  Pilulise  de  aloe  et  foetidis — p.  of  Aloes 
and  ginger,  Pilulse  aloes  et  zingiberis  —  p.  Aloes 
and  myrrh,  Pilulse  aloes  et  myrrhas — p.  Aloetic, 
Pilnlse  aloeticee  —  p.  Aloetic  and  assafoetida,  Pi- 
lul;i3  aloes  et  assafoetidge  —  p.  Aloetic,  compound, 
Pilula!  aloes  compositte  —  p.  of  Ammoniuret  of 
copper,  Pilulse  ammoniureti  cupri — p.  Analeptic, 
James's,  see  Analeptica  —  p.  Anderson's,  see  Pi- 
lulse aloes  et  jalapse — p.  Anodyne,  Pilulfe  opiataj 
— p.  Antibilious,  Barclay's,  Pilulas  antibiliosaj  — 
'p.  Antibilious,  Dixon's,  Pilula3  antibiliosa3 — p. 
Asiatic,  Pilulae  Asiatica  —  p.  Assafetida,  Pilulaj 
Assafoetidaj — p.  Bacher's,  Pilulse  ex  helleboro  et 
myrrha, — p.  Barbarossa's,  Barbarossaj  pilulfe — p. 
Barthez,  see  Pilulse  aloes  et  myrrhte. 

Pill,  Blair's.  An  empirical  preparation  of 
colchicum,  much  used  in  England  in  cases  of  gout. 

Pill,  Blaud's.  These  pills,  proposed  by  M. 
Blaud  as  antichlorotic,  are  formed  as  follows  :  — 
Take  of  guvi  tragacantJi,  in  powder,  six  grains ; 
water,  one  drachm.  Macerate  in  a  glass  or  por- 
celain mortar,  until  a  thick  mucilage  is  formed, 
and  if  it  be  desired  to  prevent  the  formation  of 
peroxide  of  iron,  and  to  make  the  pill  similar  to 
those  of  Vallet,  substitute  a  drachm  of  powdered 
sugar  for  the  mucilage.  Add  afterwards  of  sul- 
pliate  of  iron,  in  powder,  half  an  ounce.  Beat 
well  until  the  mixture  is  homogeneous,  and  add 
siibcarbonate  of  potass,  half  an  ounce.  Beat  un- 
til the  mass  becomes  of  a  deep-green  colour,  and 
of  a  soft  consistence.  Divide  into  48  ( ? )  pills. 
Dose,  one  a  day;  gradually  increasing  to  two, 
and  afterwards  to  three. 

Pill,  Blue,  Pilulaj  hydrargyri — p.  Brandreth's, 
rilulee  aloes  et  cambogise  — _'p.  Calomel,  Piluloe 
hydrargyri  chloridi  mitis  —  p.  Camboge,  Pilulaj 
cambogiao  compos. — p.  Camboge,  compound,  Pi- 
lulaj  cambogiaD  compositse  —  p.  of  Carbonate  of 
iron,  Pilulce  ferri  carbonatis — p.  Cathartic,  com- 
jiound,  Pilula}  catharticae  eomposita) — p.  Com- 
mon, Pilula)  aloes  et  myrrhae  —  p.  Dinner,  see 
I'ilulaB  aloes  et  kinas  kinaj. 

Pill.  Dr>fNER,  op  Mr.  Mayo.  This  is  composed 
f'{  P.  Rhej,  gr.  iv ;  Sodas  Oarh.  gr.  j. 


Pill,  Eterlast'ing.  A  pill  once  in  vogue, 
and  said  to  be  composed  of  metallic  antimony. 
It  was  believed  to  have  the  property  of  purging 
as  often  as  it  was  swallowed.  A  lady  having 
swallowed  one  of  these  pills,  became  seriously 
alarmed  at  its  not  passing.  "Madam,"  said  her 
physician,  "fear  not;  it  has  already  passed 
through  a  hundred  patients  without  any  diffi- 
culty."—  Paris. 

Pill,  Female,  Pilulse  de  aloe  et  fcetidis  — p. 
Ferruginous,  of  Vallet,  see  Ferri  protocarbonas 
— p.  Fothergill's,  see  PUulfe  aloes  et  colocynthidis 

—  p.  Frank's  see  Pilulse  aloes  et  kinse  kinse  —  p. 
Fuller's,  see  Pilulse  de  aloe  et  foetidis  —  p.  Gal- 
banum,  compound,  Pilulaj  galbani  composita3  — 
p.  Griffitt's,  see  Pilulse  rhej  compositfc — p.  Gum, 
Pilulse  galbani  compositse  —  p.  of  Hellebore  and 
myrrh,  Pilula;  ex  helleboro  et  myrrha — p.  Hoop- 
er's, see  Pilulse  aloes  et  myrrhas — p.  of  Iodide  of 
Iron,  Pilulse  ferri  iodidi — p.  James's  Aanaleptie, 
see  Analeptica  —  p.  Keyser's,  see  H3'drargyrus 
acetatus  —  p.  Lady  Crespigny's,  Plluk-e  aloes  et 
kinse  kinse — p.  Lady  Hesketh's,  see  Pilule  aloes 
et  kinaj  kinse  — p.  Lady  AVebster's,  Pilulse  aloes 
et  kinffi  kinss.  , 

Pill,  Lartigues',  Pil'ulm  Col'cJiici  et  Diffi- 
ta'lis.  {Ext.  Coloc.  e.  ^ss;  Ext.  Sent.  Colchie. 
alcoholic.  Extract.  Digital,  alcohol,  aa  gr.  iss  ;  f. 
massa  in  pilul.  x  dividend.)  Dose,  two,  three,  or 
more,  in  the  24  hours,  in  gout. 

Pill  Machine,  Pi hdier  —  p.  Matthews's,  see 
Pilulse  ex  helleboro  et  myrrha  —  p.  Mercurial, 
Pilulss  hydrargyri  —  p.  of  mild  chloride  of  Mer- 
cury, Pilula;  hj'drargyri  chloridi  mitis — p.  Mof- 
fat's, Pilulje  aloes  et  eambogise  —  p.  Morrison's, 
Pilulse  aloes  et  cambogia3,  see  Pilula)  cambogia; 
compositse — p.  Moseley's,  Pilulse  rhej  compositse 

—  p.  Night,  common,  Pilulse  opiatse  —  p.  Oiiinte, 
Pilulse  opiatse  —  p.  Peter's,  see  Pilulse  aloes  et 
eambogise — p.  Plummer's,  Pilulie  hydrargyri  sub- 
muriatis  compositse — p.  of  Sulphate  of  Quinia, 
Pilulse  quiniae  sulphatis — p.  Red,  Pilulse  hydrar- 
gyri submuriatis  compositse — p.  Red,  Boerhaave's, 
see  Hydrargyri  sulphuretum  rubrum — p.  of  Rhu- 
barb, Pilulse  rhej  —  p.  of  Rhubarb,  compound, 
Pilulse  rhei  compositse — p.  Rufus's,  PUulae  aloes 
et  myrrhae  —  p.  Rush's,  see  Pilulse  aloes  et  cam- 
bogia—  p.  Scotch,  Pilulse  de  aloe  et  foetidis — p. 
of  Soap  and  opium,  Pilula)  saponis  cum  opio — p. 
vSpeediman's,  see  Pilulse  aloes  et  myrrhse — p. 
Squill,  compound.  Pilule  seillse  compositse  —  p. 
Starkey's,  see  Pilulse  ex  helleboro  et  myrrha  — 
p.  Storax,  Pilulas  e  styrace — p.  of  Strychnia,  Pi- 
lula) strychnise — p.  of  Submuriate  of  mercurj', 
compound,  Pilulse  hydrargyri  submuriatis  compo- 
sitse— p.  Ta-njore,  Pilulse  Asiaticae  —  p.  Turpen- 
tine, Pilules  de  terebinthin^ — p.  Vallet's,  see  Ferri 
protocarbonas,  and  Pilulse  ferri  carbonatis  —  p. 
Webster's,  Pilulse  aloes  et  kinae  kinse — p.  Whytt's, 
see  Pilulae  de  aloe  et  fcetidis. 

PILLAR,  Pi'la,  Colum'na,  Columel'la,  (F.) 
Pilier.  A  name  given  to  several  parts ;  as  the 
2nUars  of  the  velum  2}alati,  diajihragm,  &c. 

PILON,  Pilum. 

PILOSELLA,  Ilieracium  pilosella — p.  Alpina, 
Hieracium  pilosella. 

PILOSES,  Pileous. 

PILOUS,  Pileous. 

PIL'ULA,  plural  Pihi'ltB.  Diminutive  of  piln, 
'  a  ball.'  Sphmrid'ion,  Catapo'tion,  Catop'otuiii, 
Sphm'rion,  Gongyl'ion,  Gon'gi/lis,  Gongylid'iiinu 
A  pill.  (F.)  Pilule.  A  simple  or  compound  me- 
dicine, weighing  from  one  to  five  grains,  of  a  firm 
consistence  and  spherical  form;  intended  to  bo 
swallowed  at  once,  without  chewing.  The  Pill 
differs  from  the  Bolus,  the  latter  being  softer  and 
larger. 

Medicines  are  often  given  in  the  form  of  piU, 


PILULE 


673 


PILULiE 


OTi  account  of  their  disagreeable  taste  and  odour. 
Pihda,  also,  means  a  Pllular  mass. 

PILULiE  EX  ALOE,  P.  aloes  compositse— p. 
de  Aloe  et  eambogia,  P.  aloes  et  eambogias. 

Pilule  Aloes,  P.  Aloet'iccE,  Pilulas  ex  Aloe  et 
Sapo'nc,  Aloet'ic  Pill,  (F.)  Pilules  d'aloe.s  ou  alo- 
(tiques.  (Aloes  ill  pulv. ;  sapnnis,  sing.  gy.  syr. 
q.  s.  to  form  240  pUls.  — Ph.  U.  S.)  Dose,  gr.  x 
to  XX,  in  habitual  costiveness. 

PilclyE  Aloes  et  Assafce'tid^,  Aloctic  and 
Asso/cetida  Pills.  (Aloes,  assofoetides,  sciponis, 
sing.  §ss  :  aqua,  q.  s.  to  form  ISO  pills. —  Ph.  U. 
S.)     Purgative  and  stomachic.     Dose,  gr.  x. 

Pilule  Aloes  et  Cajibo'givE,  P.  de  Aloe  et 
Caiitbo'gid,  P.  Hydrarrjo'fja  Bon'tii,  Pill  of  Aloes 
and.  Cambof/e.  (Aloes,  camhog,,  gum.  ammoniat., 
Sa  p.  se.  Make  into  a  powder.  Dissolve  in  vine- 
gar ;  pass  through  a  cloth  ;  express  the  residuum 
strongly ;  and  afterwards  evaporate,  in  a  water- 
bath,  to  a  pilular  consistence.  —  Ph.  P.)  Purga- 
tive ;  used  in  dropsy.     Dose,  gr.  xij  to  xxx. 

Peter  8  Pills  —  anostrum  —  are  formed  of  aloes, 
jalap,  scammony,  and  cwmboge,  of  each  equal 
parts. 

The  basis  of  Morrison's  Pills,  often  called  Hy- 
giene Pills,  of  Brandreth's  Pills,  and  Moffat's 
Pills,  is  said  to  be  aloes,  with  camboge,  scam- 
mony, &c. 

Push's  Pills  were  formed  of  calomel,  aloes,  and 
camboge,  with  oil  of  mint. 

PiLULj?  Aloes  et  Colocyn'thidis,  P.  ex  Co- 
locynth'ide  cum  aloe,  P.  Aloes  cum  Colocyiithide, 
P.  eoo'cinw,  P.  cocchii,  P.  colocyn'thidis  compos' - 
i'CB,  P.  coccicB  jniuo'res,  Pill  of  Aloes  and  Colo- 
cynth.  (Pulp,  coloc.  ^Bs ;  aloes  hepat.,  scammon, 
au  jj  ;  sapou.  ^ij  ;  ol.  caryoph.  ^j  ;  syrii]).  q.  s. — 
Ph.  D.)     Cathartic.     Dose,  gr.  v  to  x  or  more. 

Foth'ergiU's  Pills  consist  of  aloes,  scammony, 
coloeynth,  and  oxide  of  antimony, 

PiLULvE  Alohs  Compos'it^,  PihdcB  ex  Aloe, 
CoV'pound  Aloetic  Pills.  (Aloes  spic.  extract,  cont. 
^j  ;  ext.  gentiancE,  5=^5  ^^^^  cnrui,  gtt.  xl ;  syr. 
q.  s.  —  Ph.  L.)  These  are  sometimes,  also,  called 
F<iiiiily  pills,  Antibilious  pills,  &c. 

PiLUL.E  DE  Aloe  et  Fce'tidis,  P.  Betiedic'tce 
Fulleri,  Pill  of  aloes  and  fetid  gums,  PilulcB  ec- 
2:ihrac'ticcp,  Female piills,  Pilulcp  aloes  martia'les, 
(F. )  Pilules  henites  de  Fuller.  (Aloes  socotr.,  sen- 
tiCB,  assafoetidcE,  galbani,  aa  ^ij  ;  myrrh,  ^iv ; 
eroci,  macis,  aa  ^j  :  ferri  sulphat.  giss.  Reduce 
to  powder  separately,  and  add  ol.  succin.  gtt.  viij  ; 
eyr.  artemisicR,  q.  s. —  Ph.  P.)  Purgative,  and 
given  in  hysteria.     Dose,  gr.  xv  to  xx. 

Whytt's  Pills,  given  in  similar  cases,  consisted 
of  chloride  of  iron,  aloes,  extract  of  horehonnd, 
and  assafoetida. 

PiLUL^E  Aloes  et  Jalap'^,  commonly  called 
Anderson's  pills,  Anderson's  Scots'  piUl'^,  Scotch 
pills.  (Aloes  Barhad.  ft j ;  rad.  helleb.  nigr., 
rod.  jalapas,  pioto.ss(B  snhcarb.  aa.  3J  ;  ol.  anisi, 
giv  :  syrup,  simpl.  q.  s.  —  Gray.)  Dose,  gr.  x 
to  xxx. 

A  committee  of  the  Philadelphia  College  of 
Pharmacy  recommend  the  following:  Aloes  Bar- 
i!>«f/e?!S. ,  3 xxiv ;  saponis,  §ivj  colocynthid.  §j  ; 
ea.r.ibogicB,  ,5J  !  ol.  anis.  fgss. 

PiLUL.E  Aloes  et  KiNjE  Kin^e,  P.  sfomack'ica 
P.  ante  cibum,  Pill  of  aloes  and  cinchona,  (F.) 
Pilules  gourmandes.  (Aloes  socotr.  ^^vj  ;  ext.  cin- 
chuH.  ^iiy.  c'innam.  ^y.  syrup,  absinth,  q.  s. — 
Ph.  P.)     Stomachic  and  laxative.     Dose,  gr.  x 

to  XX. 

Lady  Crespigny's  pills,  Lady  Webster's  pills. 
Lady  Hesketh's  pills,  and  the  Pilnlm  stomach'ica 
Mesues  (Ph.  L.  1635),  resemble  these. 

Frank's  pills,  much  employed,  also,  as  'dinner 
pills,'  or,  —  to  use  the  language  of  the  eccentric 
Kitchener  —  a.s  'peptic  persuaders,'  are  said  to 
43 


be  much  used,  under  the  name  Graines  de  sanfi, 
in  various  parts  of  Europe.  They  £onsist  of 
aloes.  Jalap,  and  rhubarb,  with  syrup  of  worm- 
wood as  an  excipient. 

PiluljE  Aloes  Martiales,  P.  de  aloe  et  foe- 
tidis. 

Pilule  Aloes  et  Myrrhs,  P.  aloes  cum  myr- 
rhd,  P.  de  aloe  et  myrrhd,  Eufus's  or  Puff'us'a 
2)ills,  Common  pills,  Pilulce  Bufi  seu  Buffi,  P. 
commu'nes,  Pills  of  aloes  and  myrrh.  (Aloes,  ,^ij; 
croci,  in  pulv.  ^ss;  myrrh,  ^j  ;  syr.  q.  s.  to  form 
480  pills.  —  Ph.  U.  S.)  Cathartic  and  emmena- 
gogue.     Dose,  gr.  x  to  xx. 

Hooper's  pills — possessed  of  similar  properties 

—  according  to  one  of  Gray's  formulae,  are  made 
as  follows  ;  Ferri  sidph.,  aqua,  aa  ^viij.  Dis- 
solve. Add  aloes  Barbad.  tbij  and  ^vii)  ;  canel- 
IcB  alba,  §vj;  gum  myrrh,  5ij  ;  opopanacis,  ^iv. 
The  committee  of  the  Philadelphia  College  of 
Pharmacy  recommend  the  following  form  :  Aloes 
Barbadensis,  ^viij  ;  ferri  sulphatis  exsiccat.  gij, 
^iss,  vel  ferri  sulph.  crystall.  ^iv ;  ext.  helleb. 
nigr.  ^ij ;  myrrh,  ^iy,  saponis,  ^ij  ;  canellm,  in 
pulv.  tritfe,  ^j  ;  zingib.  in  pulv.  tritae,  §j. 

Speediman's  pills  consist  of  aloes,  myrrh,  rhu- 
barb, extract  of  chamomile,  and  essential  oil  of 
chamomile ;  and  the  Pills  of  Barthez,  of  aloes, 
myrrh,  musk,  camphor,  and  balsam  of  Peru. 

Pilule  de  Aloe  et  Sapone,  P.  aloeticae. 

Pilule  Aloes  cttm  Zingib'ere,  Pill  of  aloen 
and  ginger.  (Aloes  hepat.  ^j  ;  rad.  zingib.  in 
pulv.  3J  i  sapon.  Hispc(n.  ^ss  ;  ol.  ess.  menthce  pip). 
gss.  —  Ph.  D.)  In  habitual  costiveness.  Dose, 
gr.  X  to  XX. 

Pilule  Ammonittre'ti  Cijpri,  Pills  of  Ammo- 
niuret  of  copper,  Pihdm  cupri,  (V.)  Pilules  d'am- 
moniure  de  cuivre.  (Amynoniur.  cupri,  in  pulv. 
ten.  trit.  gr.  xvj  ;  micce  panis,  ^iv;  aqua  carbo- 
natis  ammonia,  q.  s.  Beat  into  a  mass,  and  di- 
vide into  xxxij  pills.  —  Ph.  E.)  Tonic  and  anti- 
spasmodic, in  epilepsy,  &c.  Dose,  one  pill  twice 
daily ;  gradually  increasing  the  dose. 

PiLrL^E  Ante  Cibum,  P.  aloes  et  kinte  kinse. 

PiLUL.E  Antibilio's.e,  Barclay's  Antibil'ious 
pills.  (Extract  de  coloeynth,  ^ij  :  resin  of  jalaps 
5J  ;  almond  soap,  ^iss  ;  guaiac,  ^iij  ;  emetic  tart.. 
gr.  viij  ;  oils  of  junijyer,  carraway,  and  rosemary,. 
aa  iv  drops ;  syrup  of  buckthorn,  q.  s.  to  form  64 
pills.)     Dose,  two  or  three. 

BLvon's  Antibilious  pills  are  formed  of  aloes,, 
scammony,  rhidiarb,  and  tartarized  antimony. 

PiLUL.E  Antiherpetice,  Pilulse  hydrargyrL 
submuriatis  comp. — p.  Antihystericae,  P.  galbani 
compositas. 

PiluLjE  Antisceophtjlo's^,  P.ea;  ox'ido  stib'ii 
et  hydrar'gyri  sulphure'to  iiigro  compos'itm.  (P. 
scammon.,  hydrarg.  sulphur,  nigr.  aa  ^ij  ;  atiti- 
monii  oxidi  albi,  milleped.,  sapon.  amygdalin.  aa 
^iij  ;  extract,  glycyrrh.  3  v.  Make  into  a  mass. — ■ 
Ph.  P.)     Dose  gr.  iv  to  xx. 

Pilul.e  Antispasticve,  p.  galbani  composite 

—  p.  Assafoetidse  compositae,  P.  galbani  compo- 
sitse. 

Pilule  Asiat'ic^e,  Asiat'icp)ills,  Tanjore pillf. 
(Acid,  arsenios.  gr.  Iv;  piper,  nigr.  pulv.  ^ix; 
acacia,  q.  s.  ut  fiant  pil.  800.  Each  pill  contains 
about  one-fifteenth  of  a  grain  of  arsenious  acid. 
These  pills  are  employed  in  India  for  the  cure  of 
syphilis  and  elephantiasis. 

Pilulje  Assafce'tid.e,  Assafet'ida  pills.  (As- 
safcetid.  §iss;  saponis,  ^ss.  Beat  with  water  so 
as  to  form  a  mass  to  be  divided  into  240  pills.— 
Ph.  U.  S.) 

Pilule  Balsam'ic^,  P.  Docto'ris  Morton. 
(Milleped,  pulverisat.  gxviij  ;  gum.  ammon.  ^xj ; 
acid,   benzoic,  ^vy,  croci,   balsam.  Peruv.   ~'a  5ri  r 


balsam,  sulpjh.  anisat.  gvj.  Mix. 
expectorant,  and  balsamic. 


-Pb 


aa  gji 
P  ^  Tonic, 


PILULE 


674 


PILULE 


PrLTri,2E  Benedicts  Pulleri,  P.  de  aloe  et 

Pilule  Cambo'gi.i;  Coirpos'iT^,  P.  de  guttd 
gaman'drd,  P.  hydrago'gae,  Gamboge  pills,  PilulcB 
gummi  giittcB  aloet'iccs,  Compound  camhoge  pills, 
(F.)  Pilules  de  gomme  gutte  compoaees.  {Cambo- 
gicB  contritce,  aloes  spicat.  extrat.  contriti.,  pnlv. 
cinnani.  comp.  sing,  ^j ;  saponis,  ^U-  —  Ph.  L.) 
Cathartic.     Dose,  gr.  x  to  xx. 

Morrison's  pills  are  said  by  Dr.  Paris  to  be 
nothing  more  than  the  above,  with  the  addition 
of  a  small  portion  of  cream  of  tartar. 

Pil'ol^  Cathar'tic^  Compos'it^.  Compound 
cathartic  pills.  [Ext.  coloct/nth.  comp.  in  pulv. 
^ss  ;  ext.  jalapcB,  in  pulv..  hydrarg.  chlorid.  mit. 
aa  ^iij  ;  gambog.  in  pulv.  ^ij.  M.  Form  into  a 
mass  with  water,  and  make  into  180  pills.  —  Ph. 
U.  S.)     Three  for  a  dose. 

Pilule  Cocchii,  P.  aloes  et  colocynthidis — p. 
Cocciae  minores,  P.  aloes  et  colocynthidis  —  p. 
Coccinse,  P.  aloes  et  colocynthidis  —  p.  Colchici 
et  digitalis,  P.  Lartigues' — p.  Colocynthidis  com- 
posite, P.  aloes  et  colocynthidis — ^p.  ex  Colocyn- 
thide  cum  aloe,  P.  aloes  et  colocynthidis  —  p. 
Communes,  P.  aloes  et  myrrhae  —  p.  Cupri,  P. 
ammoniureti  cupri. 

Pilule  Copa'ib^,  Pills  of  copaiba.  (Copaib. 
^ij;  magnesicB,  recente  pr«par.  ^j.  Mix,  and 
get  aside  till  it  concretes  into  a  pilular  mass,  to 
be  divided  into  200  pills.— Ph.  U.  S.)  Each  pill 
contains  nearly  five  grains  of  copaiba.  Two  to 
b'yx  for  a  dose. 

PiLULyB  DE  Ctnoglos'so,  P.  de  extrac'to  o'pii. 
^Pulv.  rad.  cynogloss.,  semin.  hyoseya.m.  alb.,  ex- 
tract, opii  vinos,  aa  ^iv ;  pulv.  myrrh,  ^vj  ;  oliban. 
^v  ;  eroei.,  castor.,  aa  ^^^^  j  ^yup  opii,  q.  s. — 
Ph.  P.)  Anodyne.  In  cough,  &c.  Dose,  gr.  iv 
to  gr.  viij. 

Pilule  Depurantes,  P.  hydrargyri  submu- 
riatis  compos.  —  p.  EcphracticEe,  P.  de  aloe  et 
fofftidis. 

Pilule  Ferri  Carbona'tis,  Pills  of  carbonate 
of  iron,  Vallet's  pills,  Yallef s  ferrii' gin ous  pills. 
{Ferri  sidph.  §viij  ;  soda  carbonat.  ^x  ;  3Iel. 
despumat.  ^iij  ;  sacchar.  gij  ;  aqucB  bullientis,  Oij  ; 
syrup,  q.  s.  Dissolve  the  sulphate  of  iron  and 
carbonate  of  soda,  each  in  a  pint  of  the  water, 
and  to  each  solution  add  a  fluidounce  of  syrup; 
then  mix  the  two  solutions  in  a  bottle  just  large 
enough  to  contain  them  ;  close  it  accurately  with 
a  stopper,  and  set  it  by,  that  the  carbonate  of 
iron  may  subside.  Pour  off  the  liquid,  and  having 
washed  the  precipitate  with  warm  water,  sweet- 
ened with  syrup  in  the  proportion  of  f5J  of  the 
latter  to  Oj  of  the  former,  until  the  washings  no 
longer  have  a  saline  taste,  place  it  upon  a  flannel 
cloth,  and  express  as  much  water  as  possible ; 
then  mix  it  with  the  honey  and  sugar.  Lastly, 
heat  the  mixture  in  a  water-bath,  until  it  at- 
tains a  pilular  consistence.  —  Ph.  U.  S.) 

PiLUL.E  Ferp.i  Compos'it.e,  Compound  pills  of 
iron,  PilulcB  ferri  cum.  myrrhd,  (F.)  Pilules  de 
fer  composees.  (2Iijrrh,  in  pulv.  ^ij  ;  sodrp.  sub- 
carb.,  ferri  sulph.  aa  3i  !  '<y>'up,  q.  s.  Mix,  to 
form  80  pills.  — Ph.  U.  S.)     Tonic.     Dose,  gr.  x 

to  XX. 

PiLDL.E  Ferki  Iod'tDI,  Pills  of  iodide  of  iron. 
(Ferri  sulphnt.  ^j ;  Potass,  iodid.  ^iv;  traga- 
■itnth.  pulv.  gr.  x  ;  sacchar.  pulv.  ,555.  Beat  with 
jyrup  int;  ?.  mass,  to  form  40  pills.  —  Ph.  U.  S.) 
fiose,  one  to  three,  where  a  tonic  and  eutrophic 
is  indicated. 

PiLUL.f  Ferri  cum  Myrrha,  P.  Ferri  compo- 
titae — p.  FcBtidae,  P.  galbani  coinpositoe. 

PiLni.vE  Gal'bani  Co>rPOs'iTyE,  P.  assafoetidce 
eomr\n->'it(B,  P.  foe' tides,  P.  gummo'scg,  P.  e  gummi. 
Compound  gt-Vbanum  pill,  Pilulce  antispai'ticrB, 
P.  aatikyster'iccB,    P.   mytvha   eompos'ilcB,    Gum 


pill.  (Galban.,  myrrhm,  aa  J^vj ;  assafmtida, 
,5ij  ;  syrup,  q.  s.  to  form  240  pills. —  Ph.  U.  S.) 
Antispasmodic  and  emmenagogue.     Dose,  gr.  x 

to  XX. 

PiluljE  GtTMMi,  P.  galbani  compositse  —  p. 
Gummi  gutta  aloetico3,  P.  cambogiEe  compositse 
—  p.  Gummosae,  P.  galbani  compositse  —  p.  de 
Gutta  gamandra,  P.  cambogiae  compositse. 

PiLUL.E  EX  HeLLEB'ORO  ET  MyRRHA,  P.  ton' - 
iccB,  Backer's  pills,  Tonic  pills  of  Bacher,  Pills 
of  hellebore  and  myrrh.  [Ext.  helleb.  nig., 
myrrh,  aa  ^j ;  fol.  cardui  benedict,  in  pulv. 
^iij.  M. —  Ph.  P.)  Tonic  and  emmenagogue. 
In  dropsical,  cutaneous,  and  verminous  affections. 
Dose,  gr.  iv  to  gr.  viij. 

Mattkeics's  pills,  —  Starkey's  pilla,  are  formed 
of  rad.  helleb.  nigr.,  rad.  glycyrrh.,  sapon.  CastilJ., 
rad.  curcumcB,  opii  purif,  syrup,  croci,  aa  ^iv; 
ol.  tereb.  q.  s.  ut  fiat  massa.  —  Gray. 

Pilule  Hydragog^,  P.  cambogiae  compo- 
sitse— p.  Hydragogse  Bontii,  Pilulse  aloes  et  cam- 
bogise. 

PiLULiE  Hydrar'gyri,  P.  mercuvia'les,  Mer- 
cwial  pill,  Blue  pill,  (F.)  Pilules  de  Merciire. 
[Hydrarg.  purif.  5J  ;  eonf.  rosa,  ^iss;  glycyrrh. 
pulv.  5ss.  Rub  the  quicksilver  with  the  confec- 
tion, until  the  globules  disappear;  then  add  the 
liquorice  powder,  and  beat  the  whole  into  a  uni- 
form mass,  to  be  divided  into  480  pills.  —  Ph.  U. 
S.)  AntisyphUitic ;  mercurial; — in  large  doses, 
purgative. 

A  purgative  pill,  much  prescribed  by  Mr.  Aber- 
nethy,  and  called  Abernethy's  pill,  consisted  of 
2)il.  hydrarg.  gr.  x  ;  jalap,  pulv.  gr.  xx ;  syrup 
rhnmni,  q.  s.  ut  fiant  pil.  vj.  Two  were  given  at 
night,  and  the  next  morning  a  wineglassful  of 
infusum  senna. 

PiLUL.E  Hydrar'gyri  Cheo'ridi  Mitis,  Pills 
of  mild  chloride  of  mercury,  Calomel  pills.  [Hy- 
drarq.  chlorid.  mit.  gss ;  acacics,  in  pulv.  ^j  ; 
syrup,  q.  s.  ut  fiant  pil.  240.— Ph.  U.  S.)  Each 
pill  contains  one  grain. 

PiLUL.e  DE  Hydrargyro,  Scamwo'nio  et 
Aloe,  vulgo  Mercuria'les,  (F.  )  Pilules  Mer- 
curiclles  ou  de  Jfercure,  Scammonee  et  Aloes. 
[Hydrarg.  2^urif.  5J  ;  mellis,  ^xj.  Rub  until  the 
globules  disappear;  then  add  aloes  Socot.,  scam- 
mon.  aa  ^ij  ;  maeis,  cinnam.  aa  ^ij.  Make  into 
a  mass.  —  Ph.  P.)  Uses,  same  as  the  last,  but 
they  are  more  purgative.  Dose,  gr.  viij  to  xsx. 
These  pills  are  nearly  the  same  as  the  Pastilles 
de  Renaudot. 

PiLUL.E  ex  Hydrargyro  Muriatico  miti  ccm 
Sulphure  Stieiato  Aurantiaco,  Pilulse  hydrar- 
gyri submuriatis  compositae. 

PiLUL^E  Hydrargyri  Submuriatis  Compos- 
IT.E,  Pilulce  ex  stib'io  et  hydrar'gyro,  P.  antiher- 
pet'icce,  P.  ex  hydrargyro  muriat'ico  miti  cum 
sul'phure  stibia'to  auriantiaco,  P.  resolven'les  cum 
mercurio,  P.  depurantes,  P.  hydrargyri  submu- 
riatis. Compound  pills  of  submuriate  of  mercury, 
Calomel  pills,  Plummer's  pills,  Red  pill.  [Hy- 
drarg. subnmr.,  antimon.  sulphur,  prccipitat.  sing. 
.-5y  5  guaiac.  gum  resin,  contrit.  ^iv  ;  spirit  rect. 
^ss.  Beat  together.  —  Ph.  L.)  Mercurial,  and 
reputed  to  be  diaphoretic  and  aU«raiivc.  Dose, 
gr.  V  to  X. 

Leake's  pihila  saluia'ria  resembles  these.  It 
is  used  in  syphilis. 

PiLUi,.E  Mercuriales,  P.  hydrargyri,  P.  <le 
hydrargyro,  scarauionio  otaloe — p.  Doctoris  Mor- 
ton, P.  balsamiete  —  p.  Myrrha;  couipositae,  P. 
Galbani  composita;. 

PlLnL>E  Opia't.e,  p.  Thcba'ica,  Opiate  pill*. 
Common  n  ight  pills,  Anodyne  pills,  Nepen'then  opi- 
a'tum,  (F.)  Pilules  opiacees.  [Opii,  p.  1:  ext. 
glycyrrh.  p.  7  ;  fruct.  viyrt.  piment.  p.  2.  Mix. — 
Vh.  E.)     Five  grains  contain  gr.  ss  of  opium. 


PILULAR 


675 


PIMPINELLA 


PiluLjE  Opii,  p.  saponis  cum  opio — p.  de  Ex- 
tracto  opii,  P.  de  cynoglosso  —  p.  ex  Oxido  stibii 
et  hydrargyri  sulphureto  nigro  composite,  Pilule 
antiscrophulosaa  —  p.  Resolventes  cum  mereurio, 
P.  hydrargyri  submuriatis  compos.  —  p.  de  Rha- 
barbaro,  Pilulse  rhei  composita3. 

The  stomachic  nostrum,  sold  under  the  name 
oi  Moseley's  pills,  consists  merely  oi  rhubarb  and 
ginger. 

Pilule  Qui'ni^  Sulpha'tis,  Pills  of  sulphate 
of  quinia.  ( Quin.  sulph.  ^j  ;  acacicB,  in  pulv. 
3;ij  ;  ntel.  q.  s.  utfiantpilulae  480. — Ph.  U.  S.  Each 
pill  contains  a  grain  of  the  sulphate  of  quinia. 

PiLDLJE  Rhej,  Pills  of  rhubarb.     {Rhej,  pulv. 

tvj  ;  saponis,  ^ij.  M.  et  fiant  pil.  120.  —  Ph.  U. 
.)  Each  pill  contains  three  grains  of  rhubarb. 
PiluLjB  Rhei  Coiipos'it^,  P.  de  Bhabar'baro, 
Compound  rhubarb  piills.  {Rhei,  pulv.  ^j  ;  aloes, 
pulv.  Jvj;  myrrh,  pulv.  ^vr;  ol.  menth<B pip.  f^ss. 
Beat  into  a  mass,  with  syrup  of  orange-peel,  to 
form  240  pills.  —  Ph.  U.  S.)  Laxative  and  sto- 
machic.    Dose,  gr.  x  to  xx. 

Griffin's  jnlls,  so  called  after  Dr.  S.  P.  Griffitts, 
of  Philadelphia,  who  prescribed  them  as  a  tonic 
aperient,  were  formed  as  follows  :  —  Rhej,  pulv. 
^iss  ;  ferri  snlph.  ^ss;  saponis,  ^ij  ;  aqua,  q.  s. 
ut  fiat  massa  in  pil.  xl  dividenda.  Dose,  three  or 
four  at  bedtime. 

Pilule  Rttfi,  P.  aloes  et  myrrhjB  —  p.  Salu- 
taria3,  Leake's,  see  Pilulae  hydrargyri  submuriatis 
compositse  —  p.  Saponaceae,  P.  saponis  cum  opio 
—  p.  Saponis  compositae,  P.  saponis  cum  opio. 

PiluLjB  Sapo'nis  cum  O'pio,  P.  sapona'cea, 
Pills  of  soap  and  opium,  P.  sapo'nis  compos'itce, 
(F.)  Pilules  de  snvon  et  d'opium.  {Opii,  ^ss; 
sapon.  ,^ij.  M. — Ph.  D.  S.)  Five  grains  contain 
one  of  opium. 

The  Pharmacopoeia  of  the  United  States  has  a 
form  for  the  PilulcB  opii.  Opium  pills,  as  well  as 
for  the  PilulcB  saponis  composite  ;  the  only  diifer- 
ence  between  them  being  in  the  proportion  of  the 
ingredients.  The  following  is  the  formula  for 
tho  Pilulae  opii : — Opii,  pulv.  ^j  ;  saj)onis,  gr.  xij. 
Beat  with  water  into  a  mass  to  form  60  pills. 

Pilule  e  Scilla,  P.  scillse  compositaj. 

Pilule  ScilLjE  CoJfPOS'iT^,  P.  scillit'iccB,  P. 
ecillcB  cum  zinzib'ere,  P.  e  scilla,  Compiound  squill 
pill.  {ScillcB,  pulv.  ^y,  zingib.  pulv.,  ammoniac. 
pulv.  aa  5'j  !  sapionis,  ^Jiij  j  syrup,  q.  s.  ut  fiant 
pil.  120.  — Ph.  U.  S.)  Dose,  two  pills.  Expec- 
torant and  diuretic.     Dose,  gr.  x  to  xx. 

PiluLjE  ScilLjE  cum  Zingibere,  p.  scillae  com- 
positse^p.  ScilliticEB,  P.  scillee  compositae — p.  ex 
Stibio  et  hydrargyro,  P.  hydrargyri  submur.  com- 
pos.— p.  Stomachioae,  P.  aloes  et  kino3  kinae. 

Pilule  Strych'nijs,  Pills  of  Strychnia.  (Very 
pure  strychnine,  2  gr. ;  conserve  of  roses,  3^^- 
Make  into  24  pills.)     One  or  two  for  a  dose. 

Pilule  e  Sty'race,  Storax  Pills.  {Styracis 
pur.  ^ilj,  opii  purif,  mellis,  croei,  sing.  ^j.  Ph. 
J}.)     Six  grains  contain  one  of  opium. 

PiluljE  Sublinguales,  Hypoglottides. 

PiluLyE  de  Terebin'thinJi.,  Turpentine  Pills. 
Made  of  turpentine  boiled  in  3  times  its  weight 
of  water,  until,  when  thrown  into  cold  water,  it 
forms  a  soft  paste,  which  has  the  properties  of 
turpentine,  and  has  been  administered  in  gleet, 
kc. 

PiluljE  Thebaic^,  P.  opiatae — p.  Tonicae,  P. 
ex  Hellebore  et  myrrha. 

PIL'ULAR,  Pilula'ris ;  from  pilxda,  *a  pill.' 
Relating  to  pills, —  as  'a  2Mular  mass,'  ' pilulur 
form,'  &c. 

PILULES,  Pilulas — p.  Agregatives,  see  Aggre- 
gate— p.  d' Aloes  ou  aloetiques,  Pilulee  aloeticaj — 
p.  d'Ammoniure  de  cuivre,  Pilulae  ammoniureti 
cupri — p.  Benites  de  Fuller,  Pilulae  de  aloe  et 
foetidis— p.  de  Fer  composiea,  Pilulae  ferri  compo- 


sitae— p.  Ferrugineuses  de  Vallet,  see  Ferri  proto- 
carbonas — p.  Gourmandes,  Pilula;  aloes  et  kinae 
kinae — p.  de  Merctire,  Pilulee  hydrargyri — p.  de 
Mercure,  &c.,  Pilulae  de  hydrargyro,  et  scammo- 
nio  et  aloe — p.  Mereurielles,  Pilulae  de  hydrar- 
gyro, scammonio  et  aloe  — p.  Opiacees,  Pilulae 
opiatae — p.  de  Savon  et  d' Opium,  Pilulas  saponia 
cum  opio. 

PILVLIER  (F.)  Pill  Machine.  An  instru- 
ment invented  by  the  Germans  for  rolling  anJ 
dividing  pills.  Also,  the  earthen  pot  in  whicii 
pills  are  preserved. 

PILIIM,  Pistil'lus,  Pistillum,,  Hyp'eros,  Cer'- 
cis,  {F.)  Pilon.  A  pestle.  A  wooden,  iron,  bell- 
metal,  marble,  agate,  porcelain,  or  glass  instru- 
ment for  beating  or  dividing  substances  in  s 
mortar. 

A  spring  pestle  is    one    attached    above  to  8 
spring,  so  as  to  take  off  the  weight,  and  thus 
lessen  the  labour  of  pounding. 
PILUS,  Capillus,  Caul,  Hair. 
PIMELE,  Fat. 

PIMELECCHYSIS,  Pimelorrhoea. 
PIMELICUS,  Fatty. 

PIMELI'TIS,  from  vi/ieX,,,  '  fat,'  and  itis,  de- 
noting inflammation.  Inflammation  of  the  adi- 
pous  tissue. 

PIMELODES,  Fatty. 

PIMELO'MA,  from  m^tlr,,  'fat.'  A  fatty 
swelling. 

PIMELORRH(E'A,Ptme?ec'c^?/s?s,  from  fffjutX;?, 
'  fat,'  and  ptoj,  '  I  flow.'  A  morbid  discharge  or 
disappearance  of  fat. 

PIMELORTHOPNCE'A,  Piorthopnce'a;  frora 
■KijxeX-n,  'fat,'  o^Qoi,  'upright,'  and  tveciv,  't4 
breathe.'  Dyspnoea,  practicable  only  in  the  erec< 
attitude,  owing  to  fat. 

PIMELO'SIS,  Obes'itaa  nim'ia,  from  jrt/itX^, 
'fat.'  Conversion  into,  or  formation  of,  fat,- — ;ia 
Pimelo'sis  hepat'ica,  'fatty  degeneration  of  the 
liver.' 

Pimelosis  Hepatica,  Adiposis  hepatica  —  p. 
Nimia,  see  Polysarcia. 

PIMENT,  Capsicum  annuum — p.  Royal,  My- 
riea  gale. 

PIMENTA,  see  Myrtus  pimenta. 
PIMENTjE  BACC^,  see  Myrtus  pimenta. 
PIMENTO,  see  Myrtus  pimenta. 
PIMIACULA,  Labia  pudendi. 
PIMPERNEL,   BLUE,  Scutellaria  lateriflora 
— p.  Red,  Anagallis — p.  Scarlet,  Anagallis  arven- 
sis — p.  Water,  Veronica  beccabunga. 
PIMPILIM,  Piper  Ion  gum. 
PIMPINEL,  see  Pimpinella — p.  Italian,  San- 
guisorba  officinalis. 

PIMPINELLA  ALBA,  P.  saxifraga  — p.  An- 
geliceefolia,  Ligusticum  podagraria. 

Pimpinel'la  Ani'sum,  Anise  plant,  Anisvm, 
A.  officina'le  seu  vulga're,  Sison  ani'sum,  A'pimn 
ani'sum,  Sola'mtn  intestino' rum,  Ane'sum,  (F.) 
Anis.  Family,  Umbelliferai.  Sex.  Sysf.  Pentan- 
dria  Digynia.  A  native  of  Egypt.  The  seeds, 
Ani'sum,  (Ph.  U.  S.)  Sem'rna  Ani'si,  An'iseed, 
have  an  aromatic  odour;  and  a  sweetish,  warm, 
grateful  taste.  They  are  carminative,  and  used 
in  dyspepsia  and  in  tormina  of  infants.  Dose, 
gr.  XV  to  5J,  bruised.  The  oil, —  Oleum  Ani'si, 
(F.)  Huile  d'anis  —  is  officinal.  Dose,  gtt.  v  to 
XV.  Most  of  the  oil  used  in  this  country  under 
the  name  of  Oil  of  Anise  is  said  to  be  obtained 
from  lUicium  Anisatum. 

Pimpinella,  Greater,  P.  magna — p.  Hircin€^ 
P.  Saxifraga — p.  Laterifolia,  Sion  ammi. 

Pimpinel'la  Magna  seu  nigra  seu  major  sea 
rubra;  Greater  Pimpinel'la;  Tragoseli'num  mag- 
num seu  majue,  Bauctis,  Cyan'opus,  (F.)  Boucag* 
majeur.    The  root  has  beer  extoUed  aa  dii;retio 


PIMPLE 


676 


PINUS 


ftnd  resolreiit,  as  well  as  in  erysipelatous  ulcera- 
tions, tinea  capitis,  rheumatism,  &c. 

PiMPiNELLA  Major,  P.  magna — p.  Nigra,  P. 
magna — p.  Nostras,  P.  saxifraga — p.  Officinalis, 
Sanguisorba  officinalis — p.  Rubra,  P.  magna. 

PiMPlNELLA  Saxif'eaga,    Sax'ifrage,   Burnet 
sax'^ifrage,  Pote'rium  sanguisor'ba,  Sorhastrel'la, 
Tragoseli'num,  T.8axi/'raga,Pimpinel'la  hirci'na 
seu  umhellif'era  seu  alha  seu  nostras,  (F.)  £ou- 
eage  mineur,  Petit  B.,  Pimprenelle.    The  root  has 
an  unpleasant  smell,  and  hot,  pungent,  bitterish 
taste.     It  has  been  recommended  as  a  stomachic ; 
and  as  a  stimulating  gargle  in  paralysis  of  the 
tongue. 
PiMPiNELLA  UiiBELLiFERA,  P.  saxifraga. 
PIMPLE,  Papula. 
PIMPLED,  Papulose. 

PIMPRENELLE,  Pimpinella  saxifraga—^. 
Noire, ,  Sanguisorba  officinalis. 

PIN.  Perhaps  from  pennum,  low  Latin ;  or 
from  spina;  Spina  fer'rea,  Acus  capita' ta,  (F.) 
i'^jinjrZe.  An  iron  or  brass  instrument,  generally 
of  a  small  size,  pointed  at  one  extremity,  and 
having  a  head  at  the  other.  It  is  used,  in  Sur- 
gery, to  fix  rollers  and  dressings ;  and  occasion- 
ally in  sutures. 

PIN  A  PIGNON,  see  Pinus  pieea. 
PINASTELLUM,  Peucedanum. 
PINASTER,  Pinus  sylvestris. 
PINCE,  Pinched. 

PINCE   LITHODRASSIQUE,   see  Litho- 
drassic.    ^ 
PINCEE,  Pugillus. 
PINCERS,  Forceps. 
PINCETTES,  Forceps. 

PINCHED,  Contrac'tus,  (F.)  PincS,  GrippL 
An  epithet  applied  to  the  face,  when  the  features 
are  contracted  or  shrunken ;  as  in  violent  abdo- 
minal affections,  or  during  intense  pain. 

PINCKNE'YA    PUBENS,    P.  Pules' cens, 
Georgia  Barh,  Bitter  Baric,  Florida  Bark,  Fever 
tree.     This  bark  has  been  used  in  Georgia  in  the 
cure  of  intermittents,  and  successfully.     It  is  a 
powerful  bitter.     Dose  of  the  powder,  ^j. 
PINDARS,  Araehis  Hypogea. 
PINE  APPLE,  Bromelia  ananas — p.  Apher- 
nousli,  Pinus  cembra  —  p.  Ground,  Lycopodium 
complanatum — p.  Ground,  stinking,  Camphoros- 
ma  Monspeliaca — p.  Mountain,  see  Pinos  mughos 
— p.  Mugho,  see  Pinus  mughos  —  p.  Sap,  Ameri- 
can, Hypopitys  lanuginosa — p.  Stone,  Pinus  pi- 
nea — p.  Sugar,  see  Arrow  Root. 
PINEA,  Pinus  pinea. 

PINE'AL,  Pinea'lis,  from  pinus,  *a  pine.' 
That  which  resembles  a  pine-apple. 

Pineal  Gland,  Glandula  pinea'lis,  Cerebral 
epiph'i/iis,  Cona'rium,  Conoi'des  corpus.  Penis 
cer'ebri.  Corpus  turbina'tum,  Virga  seu  Turbo 
cer'ehri,  is  a  small  body,  of  a  conical  shape  ;  pale 
red  or  grayish  colour;  and  soft  consistence;  situ- 
ate between  the  fornix  and  the  tubercula  quadri- 
;;cmina.  It  almost  always  contains  sabulous  par- 
ticles, Sab'ulum  cona'rii  :  when  these  are  grouped 
together  over  the  base  of  the  gland,  they  form 
the  Aeer'rulus  Cer'ebri  of  Sommering,  A.  seu 
Lapil'li  glan'dulcB  pinea'lis.  From  its  anterior 
part  arise  two  medullary  striiB,  which  proceed 
oi^er  the  posterior  commissure ;  coast  along  the 
optit  chalair.i,  and  unite  at  the  anterior  pUlar  of 
th*  fornix, — the  hahe'ncB  or  reins  of  the  pineal 
gland. 

The  uses  of  the  pineal  gland  are  unknown. 
iJcscartes  supposed  it  to  be  the  seat  of  the  soul ! 
PINEI,  see  Pinus  pinea. 
PINEOLI,  see  Pinus  pinea. 
PINEUS  PURGANS,  Jatropha  curoas. 
riNGUEC'ULA,  Pteryg'inm  pingue  seu  lar- 


da'ceum,  from  pinguis,  'fat.'  'fatty.'  A  small, 
whitish-yellow  tumour  in  the  sclerotic  conjunc- 
tiva and  subjacent  areolar  tissue,  close  to  the 
margin  of  the  cornea  on  its  nasal  or  temporal 
side ;  so  called  from  its  being  supposed,  but  erro- 
neously, to  be  of  a  fatty  nature. 

PINGUE'DO,  Fat— p.  Renalis,  Nephridion. 

PINGUIC'ULA  VULGA'RIS,  P.  al2n'na,  Sa- 
nic'tda  monta'na,  S.  Eboracen'sis,  Vi'ola  palus'- 
tris,  Dodecath'eon  Plin'ii,  Butter-wort,  Yorkshire 
San'icle.  Family,  Personneaj.  Sex.  Si/st.  Dian- 
dria  Monogynia.  The  unotuosity  of  this  plant 
has  caused  it  to  be  applied  to  chaps,  and  as  a  po- 
matum to  the  hair.  Decoctions  of  the  leaves,  in 
broths,  are  used  by  the  common  people  in  Wales 
as  a  cathartic. 

PINGUID,  Fatty. 

PINGUIDINOUS,  Fatty. 

PINGUIN,  Bromelia  pinguin. 

PINGUITUDO,  Polysarcia  adiposa. 

PINHOLE  PUPIL,  see  Pupil,  pinhole. 

PINHONES  INDICI,  Jatropha  curcas. 

PINK,  CAROLINA,  Spigelia  Marilandica, 

Pink  Dye.  Stri2')2>ed  safftower,  ^j,  snbcarb.  of 
potass,  gr.  xviij,  spirit  of  wine  ^^'U  j  digest  for 
two  hours  ;  add  distilled  vjater  ^ij  :  digest  for  two 
hours  more,  and  add  distilled  vinegar  or  lemon 
juice  q.  s.,  to  reduce  it  to  a  fine  rose-colour.  Used 
as  a  cosmetic. 

Pink,  Ground,  Silene  Virginiea — p.  Indian, 
Spigelia  Marilandica — p.  AYild,  Silene  Virginiea. 

PINNA,  Ala,  Pavilion  of  the  ear — p.  Marina, 
^G6  Bissus. 

"  PINNACULUM  FORNICIS  GUTTURALIS, 
Uvula. 

PINN^  HEPATIS,  Lobes  of  the  liver  — p. 
Naris,  see  Nasus. 

PINNULA,  Aileron. 

PINNULiB  HEPATIS,  Lobes  of  the  liver. 

PINO'LI.  (S.)  A  preparation  used  for  subsist- 
ence on  long  journeys  in  the  West.  It  is  parched 
corn,  beaten  or  ground  very  fine,  and  sweetened 
with  sugar,  to  be  used  with  water,  and  drunk  on 
the  march.  It  is  the  cold  flour  of  the  Indians,, 
and  early  Western  pioneers. 

PINONCILLO  TREE,  Castiliognia  lobata. 

PINUS  A'BIES,  P.  exce'lsa  seu  picea,  A'bies, 
Abies  rubra  seu  excelsa  seu  2}icea,  El' ate  thelei'o, 
Piee'a,  Norway  Spruce  Fir,  Yeio-leaved  Fir. 
Nat.  Ord.  Coniferae.  Sex.  Syst.  Monoecia  Mona- 
delphia.  The  tops  are  used  in  making  Spruc-i 
Beer. 

Essence  of  Spruce,  Essen'tia  Abie'tis,  is  a  fluid 
extract,  prepared  by  decoction  from  the  twigs  of 
this  species  of  fir.  From  this  is  made  Spruce 
Beer. 

This  fir  affords  the  Burgundy  pitch  and  com- 
mon frankincense.  1.  Bur'gundy  Pitch,  White 
pitch,  Pix  Burgun'dica,  Pix  alba,  Besi'na  abie'- 
tis hu'mida,  Besi'na  alba  hnmida,  Pini  abie'tis 
resina  sponte  concre'ta,  Pix  ar'ida,  Pix  abicti'na. 
P.  abietis  (Ph.  U.  S.,)  (F.)  Poix  blanche,  Poix 
grasse,  P.  jaune,  P.  de  Bonrgogne.  This  pre- 
pared concrete  juice  is  of  a  close  consistence, 
rather  soft,  of  a  reddish-brown  colour,  and  not 
unpleasant  smell.  It  is  very  adhesive  to  the 
skin  ;  and,  consequently,  forms  excellent  plasters 
for  remaining  upon  the  part  for  some  time  ; — as 
in  cases  of  affections  of  the  chest.  2.  Abie'tis 
Besi'na,  (Ph.  L.  since  1S09.)  Thus,  Common 
Frankincense,  Perrosin,  Thus  fa-mini'num,  T. 
vulga're,  Olib'anum  vulgare  seu  sylves'tre,  Resina 
abietis  sicca.  Resin  of  the  Spruce  Fir.  It  is 
solid,  dry,  brittle;  externally,  brownish-yellow ; 
internallj',  whitish.  Used  iu  plasters  like  the 
last. 

Pinus  Abies,  see  P.  picea — p.  Alba,  P.  picea. 

Pinus  Balsame'a,  A'bies  bahame'a  seu  hal- 


PINUS 


677 


PIPER 


iamif'era,  Peu'cea  halsame'a.  The  tree  whicli 
affords  the  Canada  Balsam,  Balsamum  Cana- 
deii'se  seu  de  Can'ada,  Resina  strobili'na,  Tere- 
binth'ina  Canaden'sis,  Pint  halsame'a,  Canada 
Turpentine  or  Balsam,  Balsam  of  Fir,  (F.)  Baume 
de  Canada,  is  one  of  the  purest  turpentines.  It 
has  the  common  properties  of  those  substances. 

PiNUS  Canaden'sis,  Abies  Canaden'sis,  Hem- 
lock Spruce.  A  tree,  which  is  abundant  in  Ca- 
nada, Nova  Scotia,  and  the  more  northern  parts 
of  New  England,  and  is  found  in  the  elevated 
and  mountainous  regions  of  the  Middle  States. 
The  pitch — Pix  Canadensis,  Canada  Pitch,  Hem- 
lock Pitch — obtained  from  it  is  commonly  known 
under  the  name  Hemlock  Gum. 
PiNDS  Candicans,  p.  Picea. 
PiNDS  Cembra,  p.  Monta'na,  Aphernous'li 
Pine.  It  yields  an  agreeably  scented  turpen- 
tine :  —  the  Carpa'thian  Balsam,  Bal'samum  Car- 
jiath'icum,  B.  Lib'ani,  Carpath' icum,  BriariQon 
Tur'pentine.  The  nuts,  Cembro  nuts,  Nu'dei  Cem- 
hrce,  have  an  eatable  kernel,  and  yield  oil.  The 
shoots  yield  Riga  Balsam  by  distillation. 

PiNUS  Damar'ra,  Ag'athis  Damarra,  grows  in 
the  East  India  Islands.  The  juice  speedily  con- 
cretes into  a  very  hard  resin, — the  Damarra  tur- 
pentine. 

PiNus  ExcELSA,  P.  abies — p.  Gallica,  P.  picea. 
PiNTJS  Larix  A'bies  larix,  Larix,  L.  commu'- 
nis  seu  decid'ua  seu  Europa'a  seu  pyramida'lis. 
The  Larch,  (F.)  Ileleze.  From  this  tree  exudes 
Or'emherg  gum,  Bri'angon  manna,  Gummi  lar'icis 
seu  Oremburgen'se  seu  Uralen' se.  Manna  Brigan- 
ti'na  seu  larice'a.  It  also  yields,  by  boring.  Com- 
mon Venice  Turpentine,  Resina  Lar'icis,  Terebin- 
thina  Ven'eta  seu  larici'na,  Pini  Lar'icis  resi'na 
liq'icida,  (F.)  Terebenthine  de  Venise,  3L  de  3Le- 
leze.  It  is  usually  thinner  than  the  other  sorts 
of  turpentine. 

PiNtJS  MuGHOS.  The  Mountain  or  Mugho  Pine, 
Pinus  Pumil'io.  From  the  extremities  of  the 
branches  exudes  the  Resina  Strobili'na,  of  the 
Germans,  or  Hungarian  Balsam.  It  is  also  ob- 
tained, by  expression,  from  the  cones.  By  dis- 
tillation, the  Hungarian  balsam  affords  the  Krum- 
holz  oil.  Oleum  Templinum. 

Pinus  Palustris,  see  Pinus  sylvestris. 
Pinus  Pice'a,  P.  Abies,  A'bies,  A.  pice'a 
Beu  ^jeciina'ia  seu  Gal'lica  seu  alba  seu  can'di- 
cans  seu  vulga'ris  seu  taxifo'lia,  European  Sil- 
ver Fir  Tree,  El' ate,  (F.)  Sapin  commun.  By 
piercing  the  tubercles  of  the  bark  of  this  fir,  the 
Strasburg  Turpentine  \s  obtained:  —  i\iB  Resi'na 
Abie'tis,  (Ph.  L.  before  1809,)  Oleum  Abietia,  Te- 
rebinth'ina  Argentoraten'  sis. 

Pinus  Pinaster,  see  P.  sylvestris. 
Pinus  Pi'nea,  Stone  Pine,  Pinea,  Pinus,  P. 
uber'rima  seu  sati'va.  The  nuts,  Zirbel  nuts. 
Pine  nuts,  Nu'dei  Pi'nece,  Pinei,  Pine'oli,  (F.) 
Pin  d  pignons,  are  eaten  raw,  or  preserved  like 
almonds.     They  are,  also,  used  in  emulsions. 

Pinus  Pumilio,  see  Pinus  Mughos — p.  Sativa, 
P.  pinea. 

Pinus  Sylves'tris,  Pinas'ter,  Pence,  Scotch 
Fir.  This  pine,  as  well  as  P.  marit'ima,  {P. 
Pinaster)  and  other  species  of  Pinus,  affords 
common  turpentine  and  its  oil,  resin,  tar,  and 
pitch.  1.  Common  Turpentine  of  Europe,  Tere- 
hinth'ina,  T.  vulga'ris,  T.  commu'nis,  Resina  pini, 
Bijon,  Horse  Turpentine,  Bordeaux  Turpentine, 
(F.)  Terebinthine  de  Bordeaux,  Terebinthine  com- 
mune, is  obtained  by  wounding  the  tree  in  hot 
weather.  It  is  used,  chiefly,  as  a  dressing  for 
wounds,  Ac,  in  horses,  and  for  the  distillation  of 
the  oil,  (see  Oleum  Terebinthinte.)  The  white 
Turpentine,  or  common  Turpentiyie  of  America — 
Terebinth' ina.  Ph.  U.  S.  —  is  produced  chiefly 
{torn.  Pinus  palustris  and  P.  tceda,  and  perhaps 


from  other  species  inhabiting  the  Southern 
States.  When  the  oil  is  distilled  with  water, 
yellow  resin,  or  Rosin,  (Resi'na,  Ph.  U.  S.) — Re- 
sina flava — is  left,  which  is  only  used  in  the  form- 
ation of  ointments  and  plasters :  if  without  the 
addition  of  water,  the  residuum  is  common  resiu 
or  Colophony.  2.  When  the  cold  begins  to  check 
the  exudation  of  the  common  turpentine,  part  of 
it  concretes  in  the  wounds.  This  is  called,  ia 
France,  Gallipot,  B arras ;  and  White  Rosin,  Re- 
sina alba,  when  hardened  after  long  exposure  to 
the  air.  3.  When  the  old  trees  are  subjected  to 
distillation,  in  a  coarse  manner.  Tar  is  obtained 
—  Hygropissos,  Pissa,  Pix  ce'dria,  Resi'na  pini 
empyreumat'ica  liq'uida,  Terebinth'ina  empyreu- 
mat'ica,  Alchitram,  Alchitu'ra,  Cedria,  Pix  li- 
quida,  (F.)  Goudron,  Brai  liquide.  Tar  water. 
Aqua  Picea,  A.  Picis,  Infu'suni  Picis  liq'uida 
seu  Picis  empiyreumatica  liquidcB,  Po'tio  pice'a, 
(F.)  Eau  de  Goudron,  was,  at  one  time,  a  fa- 
shionable remedy  in  numerous  complaints,  and 
its  use  has  been  revived,  since  its  virtues  have 
been  presumed  to  be  owing  to  creasote.  It  is 
employed  chiefly  in  pulmonary  affections,  and 
the  vapour  has  been  recommended  in  phthisis 
and  other  diseases  of  the  lungs.  It  is  used  ex- 
ternally as  a  detergent.  4.  Common  Pitch,  Pi.v 
nigra.  Black  Pitch,  Burnea,  Burnia,  Stone  Pitch, 
Pix  sicca,  P.  atra,  P.  nava'lis,  Tojyissa,  Palim- 
pis'sa,  P.  ar'ida  (Ph.  L.  before  1809),  (F.)  Poix 
navale,  P.  noire,  is  obtained  by  inspissating  tar. 
It  is  used  only  as  a  resolvent  in  plasters. 

Pinus  T^da,  see  P.  sylvestris  —  p.  Taxifolia, 
P.  picea  —  p.  Uberrima,  Pinus  pinea — p.  VulgO/- 
ris,  P.  picea. 

PIONE,  Pffionia. 

PIONY,  PiBonia. 

PIORTHOPNCEA,  Pimelorthopnrea. 

PIOULQUES,  (F.)  A  kind  of  sucking-pump, 
invented  by  Louis,  for  extracting  water  that  had 
entered  internal  cavities,  in  cases  of  drowning. 
A  useless  instrument. 

PIPE-PLANT,  Monotropa  uniflora. 

PIPER,  see  Piper  nigrum. 

Piper  Album  Leucopiper,  White  Pepper,  is 
black  pepper  freed  from  its  cuticle. 

Piper  AuGUSTiFOLiUM,Matico — p.Aromaticum, 
P.  nigrum — p.  Betel,  Betel — p.  Brazilianum, Capsi- 
cum annuum — p.  Calecuticum,  Capsicum  annuum. 

Piper  Capen'se,  a  South  African  species,  has 
all  the  properties  of  the  peppers,  and,  in  appear- 
ance and  taste,  greatly  resembles  cubebs.  It 
possesses,  too,  similar  virtues. 

Piper  Caryophyllatum,  see  Myrtus  pimenta 
— p.  Caudatum,  P.  cubeba — p.  Chiapse,  see  Myr- 
tus pimenta. 

Piper  Cubeb'a,  Per' sea  cuheba,  Laurus  cubeha, 
Litsaea  cubeba  seu  piperi'ta.  A  native  of  Java 
and  Guinea.  The  odour  of  these  berries — Cu- 
beba, Com'peper,  Compeba,  Gubal  sini.  Piper  catt- 
da'tum,  Baccas  Piperis  glabri,  Citbeb  Pepper, 
Tailed  Pepper,  Cuma'mus,  (F.)  Poivre-d-queue, 
Quabebe  —  is  aromatic  ;  taste  at  first  cooling,  af- 
terwards pungent.  The  active  principle  is  an 
essential  oil — Oleum  CubebcB,  oil  of  cubebs  — 
which  is  officinal  in  the  Pharm.  U.  S.  The  pro- 
perties of  the  cubeb  are  stimulant  and  purgative. 
It  is  used  only  in  gonorrhoea.  Dose,  from  Qj  to 
5J,  in  powder,  three  or  four  times  a  day;  of  the 
volatile  oil,  10  or  12  drops. 

*  Turkey  yellow  berries,' — the  dried  fruit  of  the 
Rhamnus  Catharticus  —  are  often  substituted  for 
cubebs. 

Piper  Guinbense,  Capsicum  annuum — p.  His- 
panicum.  Capsicum — p.  Indieum,  Capsicum  an- 
nuum— p.  Jamaicense,  see  Myrtus  pimenta. 

Piper  Longuji,  Macrop'iper,  Acapat'li,  Catu^ 
trip'ali,  Pim'pilim,    Long   Pepper,    (F.)    Paivrt 


PIPERENA 


ers 


PIT 


long.  As  we  receive  the  berries,  they  consist  of 
the  unripe  fruit  dried  in  the  sun ;  and  are  small, 
round  grains,  disj  osed  spirally  on  a  cylindrical 
receptacle.  They  are  stimulant,  carminative,  and 
tonic,  like  the  other  peppers.  Dose,  gr.  v  to  Qj. 
Piper  Lusitanicum,  Capsicum  annuum  —  p. 
Murale,  Sedum. 

PiPBB  Methistictjit,  see  Ava. 
Piper  Xightjm,  ilelanoji'iper,  ilolagoco'di, 
Lada,  PijJer  aromat' ictim,  Piper  (Ph.  U.  S.), 
Black  Pepper,  (F.)  Poivre  noir.  Black  pepper 
is  the  unripe  fruit  dried  in  the  sun.  Virtues, 
same  as  those  of  the  other  peppers. 

Piper  ODORATUii  Jamaicense,  see  Myrtus 
I)lmenta — p.  Tabascum,  see  Myrtus  pimenta — p. 
Turcicum,  Capsicum  annuum. 

PIPERI'NA,  Piperi'num,  Pip'erhie,  Piperin. 
A  resinoid  substance,  obtained  from  the  piper 
nigrum  by  M.  (Erstadt,  in  which  a  part  of  the 
virtues  of  the  pepper  resides.  It  has  been  em- 
ployed, like  the  quinia,  in  intermittents,  and  suc- 
cessfully. 

PIP'EROID,  PiperoVdum,  Zingib'erin.  A 
yellow  syrupy  mass  obtained  by-  exhausting  gin- 
ger root  by  ether.  It  is  soluble  in  ether,  alcohol, 
and  oils,  and -may  be  given  in  tincture,  sugar, 
lozenge,  or  syrup,  in  cases  where  ginger  is  indi- 
cated. 

PIPEROPAS'TUS;  from  ncirepi,  'pepper,'  and 
r-ao-o-Etv,  '  to  strew.'  Strewed  with  pepper, — socks, 
for  example,  where  it  is  desirable  to  excite  the 
surface  of  the  feet. 

PIPETTE.  'A  small  pipe.'  In  Pharmacy,  a 
small  tube  terminating  in  a  perforated  point, 
which  is  passed  into  a  liquid  to  be  removed, 
from  the  surface  of  a  precipitate,  for  example. 
The  liquid  is  drawn  into  the  tube  by  applying 
the  mouth  to  the  free  extremity. 

PIPIN'NA,  3fen'tula  parva.     A  small  penis. 
PIPPERIDGE  BUSH,  see  Oxycantha  Galeni. 
PIPSISSEWA,  Pyrola  umbellata— p.  Spotted, 
Pyrola  maculata — p.  White,  Pyrola  maculata. 
'PIPTONYCHIA,  Onychoptosis. 
PIQUETE,  see  Sahle. 
PIQURE,  Puncture,  "Wound,  punctured. 
PISA,  (CLIMATE  OF.)     Pisa  has  long  been 
celebrated  as  one  of  the  most  favourable  climates 
in  Italy  for  the  consumptive.     It  is  genial,  but 
somewhat  oppressive  and  damp.    It  is  softer  than 
that  of  Nice,  but  not  so  warm ;  less  soft,  but  less 
oppressive  than  that  of  P^ome. 

PISCIARELLI,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
A  spring  at  Monte  Secco,  in  Italy,  between  Lake 
Agnano  and  Solfatara.  It  is  thermal  (100°  Fahr.), 
sulphureous,  and  carbonated,  and  is  chiefly  used 
in  old  ulcers,  leucorrhcea,  chronic  diarrhoea,  and 
in  cutaneous  affections. 

PISCID'IA  ERYTHRI'NA,  Jamaica  Bog- 
wood.  A  small  branching  tree,  common  in  most 
of  the  West  India  Islands  ;  —  Diadelphia  Decan- 
dria  of  Linnseus.  It  is  used  in  the  West  Indies 
to  poison  fish.  It  appears  to  be  an  acro-narcotic, 
and  has  been  used  in  the  form  of  a  tincture  of  the 
bark  of  the  root  in  toothach. 
PISCINA,  Baignoire. 

PISCIVOROUS,  Pisciv'oruB,  Ichthyoph'agous, 
ichihyoph' agus,  from  piscis,  '  a  fish,'  and  vara,  '  I 
eat.'     Feeding  or  subsisting  on  fish. 

PIS'IFORM,  Pisiform'is,  horn  pi  sum,  'a  pea,' 
i,nd forma,  'shape.' 

PISIFORM'E,  OS,  Os  lenticula're,  Os  orbicu- 
la're,  Os  extra  or'dinem  carpi,  (F.)  Os  hors  du 
raiig,  is  the  fourth  bone  of  the  first  row  of  the 
carpus.  It  is  round,  and  gives  attachment  to  the 
teauon  of  the  cubitalis  anterior,  and  to  the  ante- 
rior transverse  ligament  of  the  carpus.  It  is  arti- 
culated, behind,  with  the  os  cuneiforme. 


PISO,  Mortar. 
PISSA,  see  Pinus  sylvestris. 
PISSASPHAL'TUS,  Pissasphal'tum,  Mineral 
Pitch,  from  -niaisa,  'pitch,'  and  a<r(pa\To;,  'bitu- 
men.' (F.)  Poix  minerale.  A  thicker  kind  of 
Petroleum  or  Bock  oil;  formerly  employed  as  a 
vulnerary.  It  is  synonymous  with  Glu'tinous 
bitu'men,  Malta  bitu'men,  and  Mineral  tar. 

PISSEL>31'UM,  Oleum  Pici'num,  from  tnaaa, 
'pitch,'  and  e\atov,  '  oiL'  An  oily  matter  ob- 
tained from  boiling  pitch,  and  used  for  the  same 
purposes  as  tar. 

PissEL^uM  Indicum,  Petroleum. 
PISSE3IENT  BE  SANG,  Hematuria. 
PISSENLIT,  Leontodon  taraxacum. 
PISSE'ROS,    from    iziaaa,    'pitch.'      Ancient 
name  of  a  cerate,   prepared  of  olive  oil,  oil  of 
roses,  and  dried  p>itch.    It  was,  also,  called  Cera'- 
tum  piea'tum,  and  C.  tetraphar' macujn.  —  Hippo- 
crates. 

PISSI'TES,  Vinum  piea'tum.     Same  etymon. 
A  wine  prepared  from  tar  and  the  must  of  the 
grape.     It  was  regarded  to  be  stomachic. 
PISSOSIS,  Malacia. 
PISSWEED,  Anthemis  eotnla. 
PISTACHIO    NUTS,    see   Arachis   hypogea, 
Pistacia  vera. 

PISTACIA  CHIA,  P.  lentiseus. 
Pista'cia  Lentis'cus,  p.  Chia,  Terehin'tlnta 
lentiseus,  Lentiseus  vulga'ris ;  the  Mastich  Tree. 
Family,  TerebinthaceEe.  The  wood  of  this  tree 
abounds  with  the  resinous  principles  of  mastich  ; 
and  a  tincture  made  from  it  has  been  used  in  the 
cure  of  dyspeptic  affections,  gout,  and  dysentery. 
It  yields,  by  incision,  the  resin  Mastich,  Resi'na 
Lentisci'na,  Men'frige,  Masti'che,  Mastix,  Pista- 
cia Lentis'ci  Resi'na.  This  resin  has  an  agreea- 
ble smell  when  heated:  is  almost  insipid;  in 
globular,  irregular,  yellowish,  semi-transparent 
masses;  soluble  in  ether;  partially  so  in  alcohol. 
It  is  stimulant,  and  has  been  used  in  old  coughs, 
and  gleet,  and  is  chewed  to  sweeten  the  breath. 
It  is  sometimes,  also,  employed,  to  stop  holes  in 
carious  teeth. 

Pistacia  Narbonensis,  P.  lentiseus — p.  Reti- 
culata, P.  lentiseus. 

Pistacia  Terebin'thus,  P.  Narbonen'sis  sen 
reticula'ta  seu  vera.  Turpentine  Tree,  IIab-el-Ka~ 
limbat,  Terebinthus  vulga'ris,  Terminthos.  The 
tree  which  affords  the  Cyprus  Turpentine,  Resi'- 
na Terebin'thi,  Terebinth'ina  vera,  T.  Chia,  T. 
Cyp'ria,  (F.)  Terebinthine  de  Chio.  This  sub- 
stance is  classed  amongst  the  resins.  It  is  pro- 
cured by  wounding  the  bark  of  the  trunk.  The 
best  Chio  turpentine  is  of  about  the  consistence 
of  honey  ;  very  tenacious,  clear,  and  almost 
transparent ;  of  a  white  colour  inclining  to  yel- 
low, and  of  a  fragrant  smell ;  moderately  warm 
to  the  taste,  but  free  from  acrimony  and  bitter- 
ness. It  resembles  in  virtues  the  other  turpen- 
tines. 

Pistacia   Vera.      Name   of  the   tree   which 
affords   the  Nnx  Pistacia.     Pista'chio  nuts  have 
a  sweetish,  unctuous    taste,  resembling  that  of 
sweet  almonds.     Like  these,  they  afford  an  oil, 
and  may  be  formed  into  an  emulsion. 
PISTILLUM,  Pilum. 
PISTOLOCHIA,  Aristoloehia  pistolochia. 
PISTORIENSIS  GLADIUS,  Bistouri. 
PISUM,    Pisum  sati'vum,   Pea,    Garden  pea, 
(F.)   Pois,   P.   cuUivL      The  seeds   of  the  pea, 
Fmn.  Leguminosaa,  Sex.  Syst.  Diadelphia  decan- 
dria,  are  much  employed  as  an  aliment,  both  in 
the  fresh  and  dried  state.     They  are  farinaceous, 
and,  when  dried,  not  easy  of  digestion. 

PIT,  Pock  mark — p.  of  the  Stomach,  FoaattU 
de  cceur. 


PITAY,A 


679 


PLACENTA 


PITAY'A  BARK.  This  bark  is  preferred  in 
Colombia  to  any  other.  It  contains  a  new  vege- 
table alkali,  to  which  the  name  Pilayiiie  has 
been  given. 

PITAYINE,  see  Pitaya  bark. 

PITCAITHLEY,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
These  saline  springs,  at  Pitcaithley,  about'  four 
miles  from  Perth,  Scotland,  contain  chlorides  of 
sodium  and  calcium. 

PITCH,  Colophonia — p.  Black,  see  Pinus  syl- 
vestris  —  p.  Burgundy,  see  Pinus  abies  —  p.  Ca- 
nada, see  Pinus  Canadensis. 

Pitch  Cap,  see  Depilatory. 

Pitch,  Common,  Pinus  sylvestris — p.  Hemlock, 
see  Pinus  Canadensis — p.  Jew's,  Asphaltum — p. 
Mineral,  Pissasphaltum. 

Pitch  Plaster,  see  Depilatory,  Emplastrum 
picis. 

Pitch,  Stone,  see  Pinus  sylvestris  —  p.  White, 
see  Pinus  abies. 

PITHYRIASIS,  Pityriasis. 

PITHYRINUS,  Acerosus,  Furfuraceous. 

PITTA' CIUM.  A  pitch  plaster,  from  Tn-rra, 
'  pitch.' 

PITTING,  Pock  mark. 

PITTOSIS,  Malacia. 

PITTO'TA.  Medicines  in  which  pitch  is  the 
chief  ingredient. 

PITTSBURG,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  A 
chalybeate  mineral  spring,  situate  about  four 
miles  south-west  of  Pittsburg,  in  Pennsylvania. 
It  contains  chloride  of  sodium,  chloride  of  mag- 
nesium, oxide  of  iron,  sulphate  of  lime,  and  car- 
bonic acid. 

PIT  U  IT  A,  Mucus,  Phlegm— p.  Narium,  Nasal 
mucus. 

PITU'ITARY,  Pituita'riua,  from  pitutta, 
'  phlegm.'  Concerned  in  the  secretion  of  mucus 
or  fihlegm.     A  name  given  to  several  parts. 

Pituitary  Body,  P.  Gland. 

Pituitary  Fossa,  Fossa  Pituita'ria.  A  de- 
pression on  the  cerebral  surface  of  the  sphenoid 
bone,  which  lodges  the  pituitary  gland.  It  is 
called,  on  account  of  its  shape,  Sella  Turc"iea, 
Eljhip'pium.  Chaussier  calls  it  Fossa  supra- 
ej>Iieiio'ida'lis,  from  its  situation. 

Pitu'itary  Gland,  Glan'dula  Pltuito'sa  vel 
2}ituita' ria,  Glandula  basila'ris,  Lacu'na  vel  Ap- 
pendic'ida  cer'ehri,  Hijpoph'ysis  seu  Appendix 
cer'ehri,  Pituitary  body,  Corpus  jjituita're ;  — 
Apipendice  sus-sphenoidale  du  cerveau,  (Ch.)  A 
small,  round  body  ;  the  anterior  portion  of  which 
is  of  a  cineritious  yellow  hue,  and  the  posterior, 
which  is  smaller,  is  whitish  and  pulpy.  Its  func- 
tions are  unknown. 

Pituitary  Membrane,  Schneide'rian  Mem- 
brane, Ifembra'na  pituita'ria,  31.  olfacto'ria. 
The  mucous  membrane  which  lines  the  nasal 
fossEe,  and  extends  to  the  different  cavities  com- 
municating with  the  nose.  In  the  nasal  fossiB, 
the  membrane  appears  formed  of  two  layers,  in- 
timately united;  —  the  one  in  contact  with  the 
bone  is  fibrous; — the  other  is  free  at  one  surface. 
The  latter  is  a  mucous  membrane,  on  which  pa- 
pillas  are  not  easily  distinguishable,  but  which 
contains  them,  as  well  as  a  number  of  very  small 
mucous  follicles,  that  open  into  the  cavity  of  the 
nares.  On  penetrating  the  maxillary,  frontal, 
sphenoidal,  and  ethmoidal  sinuses,  the  membrane 
becomes  very  thin,  transparent,  less  vascular, 
and  seems  reduced  to  its  mucous  layer.  The 
pituitary  membrane  receives  the  impression  of 
odours,  by  means  of  the  expansion  of  the  olfac- 
tory nerves  upon  it.     It  is  the  seat  of  smell. 

PITU'ITOUS,  Pituito'sus;  from  pituita,  mu- 
cus or  phlegm.  Consisting  of,  or  resembling,  or 
full  of  mucus  or  phlegm. 

PITYRI'ASIS,  from  -irvpov,  'bran;'  Lepido'- 
»U  Pityriasis,   Pitijris'ma,   Pithyri'asis,    Herpes 


fvrfnra'ceus,  H.  farino' siis,  Porri'go  (of  some,) 
Tin'ea  furfura'cea,  T.  porn'gino'-ia,  Fnrfura'tio, 
Fxirfuris'ca,  Dandriff,  Dandruff,  (F.)  Teigne, 
Dartre,  Dartre  furfuraeee  volant  e  ;  —  a  very  siu 
perficial  affection ;  characterized  by  irregular 
patches  of  thin  scales,  which  repeatedly  exfoliate 
and  recur;  but  which  never  form  crusts,  or  are  ac- 
companied with  excoriations.  It  is  not  contagious. 
It  occurs  under  three  or  four  varieties  of  form. 

Pityriasis,  Porrigo  —  p.  Nigra,  Melasma — p. 
Versicolor,  Chloasma. 

PITYRISMA,  Pityriasis. 

PITYROIDES,  Furfuraceus. 

PITYRON,  Furfur. 

PIVOINE,  Pseonia. 

PIVOTING.  In  dentistry,  an  operation, 
which  consists  in  fastening  in  a  new  crown  upon 
the  root  of  a  tooth  by  means  of  a  piece  of  gold 
wire,  called  '  a  p>ivot.' 

PIX,  Sperm  —  p.  Abietinasee  Pinus  abies  — 
p.  Abietis,  see  Pinus  abies  —  p.  Alba,  see  Pinus 
abies  —  p.  Arida  see  Pinus  abies,  and  Pinus  syl- 
vestris— p.  Atra,  see  Pinus  sylvestris— p.  Brutia, 
Brutia — p.  Burgundica,  see  Pinus  abies — p.  Ca- 
nadensis, see  Pinus  Canadensis  —  p.  Cedria,  see 
Pinus  sylvestris — p.  Grseca,  Colophonia — p.  Li- 
quida,  see  Pinus  sylvestris — p.  Navalis,  see  Pinus 
sylvestris  —  p.  Nigra,  see  Pinus  sylvestris  —  p. 
Sicca,  see  Pinus  sylvestris. 

PLACE'BO,  '  I  will  please.'  A  medicine,  pre- 
scribed rather  to  satisfy  the  patient  than  with 
any  expectation  of  its  effecting  a  cure. 

PLACEN'TA.  A  Latin  word,  signifying  a 
Cake.  P.  uteri  aeu  uteri'na  seu  uteri  car'nea, 
Hepar  seu  Jecur  uteri'num,  Caro  seu  Affu'sio  or- 
bicidaris,  Maza.  A  soft,  spongy,  vascular  body, 
adherent  to  the  uterus,  and  connected  v^ith  the 
foetus  by  the  umbilical  cord.  It  is  not  in  exist- 
ence during  the  first  period  of  the  embryo  state, 
but  its  formation  commences  perhaps  with  the 
arrival  of  the  embryo  in  the  uterus.  It  is  gene- 
rally considered  to  have  two  portions,  one  foetal, 
and  the  other  mufernal.  The  foetal  consists  of 
highly  vascular  villi  and  tufts,  which  contain  the 
inosculating  loops  of  the  umbilical  arteries  and 
umbilical  vein  of  the  fcetus.  The  maternal  por- 
tion is  considered  by  Dr.  Reid  to  consist,  essen- 
tially, of  a  large  sac  formed  by  the  inner  coat  of 
the  vascular  system  of  the  mother,  into  which 
the  maternal  blood  is  poured  by  the  curling  arte- 
ries of  the  uterus,  and  from  which  it  is  returned 
by  the  utero-placental  veins.  The  tufts  and  villi 
of  the  foetal  placenta  are  ensheathed  by  this  inner 
coat  of  the  maternal  vascular  system  ;  and,  ac- 
cording to  Prof.  Goodsir,  two  distinct  sets  of  nu- 
cleated cells — one  maternal  and  the  other  foetal — 
separate  the  maternal  and  foetal  portions  where 
they  come  in  contact,  one  set  of  which  are  pro- 
bably, he  thinks,  concerned  in  the  separation  of 
nutritive  matter  from  the  maternal  blood,  and 
the  other  destined  to  convey  it  into  the  vessels 
of  the  foetus.  The  placenta  is  formed  of  several 
lobes  or  cotyledons,  which  can  be  readily  distin- 
guished from  each  other  on  the  uterine  surface  ; 
but  towards  the  foetal  surface  are  confounded  into 
one  mass.  It  is  composed  of  the  umbilical  ves- 
sels, areolar  tissue,  and  whitish,  resisting  fila- 
ments, which  are  vascular  ramifications  oblite- 
rated. Lymphatic  vessels  have  also  been  pre- 
sumed to  exist  in  it ;  and  nerves  have  been 
traced,  proceeding  from  the  great  sympathetic  of 
the  foetus. 

The  main  function  of  the  placenta  appears  to 
be  like  that  of  the  lungs  in  the  adult.  It  admits 
of  the  blood  of  the  foetus  being  shown  to  thai  '•[ 
the  mother,  and  undergoing  requisite  changes. 
It  may,  also,  be  an  organ  for  nutritive  absor[.>- 
tion,  as  observed  above. 
Placen'ta  Ceuoris,  see  Blcod — p.  Feb-ii:*, 


PLACENTAL 


680 


PLANIAR 


A^e  cake  —  p.  Oblata,  P.  praevia  —  p.  Obvia,  P. 
prasvia. 

Placen'ta  Pr^'via,  (from  pra,  'before/  and 
via,  '  way/)  P.  oh' via,  P.  ohla'ta.  Presentation  of 
the  placenta;  a  condition  which  gives  rise  to  un- 
avoidable hemorrhage  from  the  uterus.  The  safety 
of  the  female  depends  upon  speedy  delivery. 

Placenta  Sanguinis,  see  Blood  —  p.  Uteri 
Suceenturiata,  Decidua. 

PLACEN'TAL,  Placenta'lis.  Relating,  or  ap- 
pertaining to,  the  placenta. 

PLACENTI'TIS,  Placimti'tis,  PlacoVtis,  In- 
Jlamrna'tio  placen'tcB.  A  hybrid  word  —  from 
placenta,  and  itis,  a  sufiix  denoting  inflamma- 
tion.    Inflammation  of  the  placenta. 

PLACEN'TULA,  'a  little  cake.'  A  rudimental 
placenta.     The  placenta  of  an  abortion. 

PLACOITIS,  Placentitis. 

PLACUNTITIS,  Placentitis. 

PLAD AROMA,  Pladarosis. 

PLADARO'SIS,  Pladaro'ma,  Pladar'otes, 
from  7r\aiapo;,  '  soft.'  A  Soft  tumour  on  the  eye- 
lid, unaccompanied  with  redness  or  pain. 

PLADAROTES,  Pladarosis. 

PLAFOND  DES  VENTRICULES  BU 
CER  VEA  U,  Corpus  callosum. 

PLAGA,  Ictus,  Wound. 

PLAGIOBOL'IA,  Planohol'ia,  from  v\ayiog, 
'  to  one  side,'  and  fiaWuv,  '  to  throw.'  Imperfect 
emission  of  sperm  into  the  vagina.  Emission  to 
one  side ;  sometimes  practised  to  render  impreg- 
nation less  probable. 

PLAGUE,  from  ttXij/j;,  plaga,  'a  stroke.'  Pes- 
tis,  P.  orienta'lis,  P.  hubona'ria  orientalis  seu 
inguina'ria,  P.  contagio'sa,  P.  aciitiss'ima,  P. 
sep'tica,  P.  Glandulo'sa,  P.  Ade'no-septica,  P. 
inguinaria,  Pestil'itas,  Ephern,' era  pestilentiu'lis, 
E.  mortif'era,  Luet  inguina'ria,  Clades  glandu- 
la'ria,  Phthora,  Peatilen'tia,  Lues,  Loimos,  Fehris 
ade'no-nervo'sa,  Loemos,  Lceme,  Loe'miu,  Loemop'- 
yra,  Chaosda,  Anthra'cia  Pestis,  Anthracotyphus, 
Febris  pes'tilens,  Si/n'ochus  pestilentia'liH,  Typhus 
pestis,  T.  pestilentia'lis,  T.  gravis' simus,  T.  an- 
thra'cicus,  T.  Bubon'iciis,  Exanthe'ma,  pestis,  the 
Pest,  Levant  plague,  Septic  or  glan'dular  pes'ti- 
lence,  (F.)  Pesfe,  Typhus  d' Orient,  Fievre  du  Le- 
vant. An  eminently  malignant  disease;  endemic 
in  the  Levant;  frequently  epidemic,  and  destroy- 
ing at  least  two- thirds  of  those  it  attacks.  It  is 
a  fever  of  the  most  aggravated  kind,  with  affec- 
tion of  the  lymphatic  glands  of  the  groin  or 
axillse,  and  carbuncles.  Its  miasmata  —  it  has 
been  conceived — adhere  to  different  organic  tex- 
tures, to  woollen  goods,  clothing  and  furniture ; 
and  may  thus  be  transported  to  a  considerable 
distance;  but  this  is  not  certain.  The  mean  du- 
ration of  the  disease  is  six  or  seven  days ;  some 
die  in  twenty-four  hours,  others  not  till  ten  or 
twelve  days.  Pathological  anatomy  has  afforded 
little  light  with  respect  to  it.  Various  means 
liave  been  used  for  arresting  it,  but  none  have 
seemed  to  be  pre-eminently  distinguished.  The 
great  point  is,  to  watch  the  indications  as  they 
develop  themselves ;  and  to  treat  the  case,  in 
general,  like  one  of  typhus  gravior.  It  is  uni- 
versally agreed  that  the  suppuration  of  the  bu- 
boes should  be  aided  as  far  as  practicable.  For 
preventing  the  importation  and  spread  of  the 
plague,  the  Qaar'antine  Laws  have  been  insti- 
tuted; and  when  the  disease  has  actually  ap- 
peared, a  cordon  sanituire  has  been  drawn  round 
the  infected  district,  so  as  to  prevent  all  commu- 
nication. 

Plague,  Cold.  A  severe  form  of  congestive 
fever,  seen  in  the  Southern  States.  Bilious  pneu- 
monia, in  which  there  is  no  reaction,  has  been, 
also,  so  called. 


Plague  Make,  Plague  token. 

Plague,  Pali.  A  malignant  fever,  greatly 
resembling  Plague,  which  prevailed  in  Rajpoo- 
tana  after  July,  1836. 

Plague  Spot,  Plague  token. 

Plague  Token,  Plague  mark,  Plague  spot. 
A  mark  by  which  one  struck  with  the  plague  was 
known.  Perhaps  the  early  stage  of  carbuncle  in 
unfavourable  cases.  It  is  described  as  .a  small 
tubercle — Bossa — somewhat  resembling  a  wart, 
callous  and  more  or  less  deficient  in  sensibility, 
varying  in  size  from  that  of  a  millet-seed  to  that 
of  a  bean. 

PLAGULA,  Compress,  Pledget,  Splint. 

PLAIE,  Wound — p.  d'Arme  d  feu.  Wound, 
gunshot — p.  d'Arqnebusade,  Wound,  gunshot  — 
p.  Contuse,  Wound,  contused — p.  Envenirnic, 
Wound,  poisoned — p.  par  Arrachement,  Wound, 
lacerated — p.  d  Larnheaux,  see  Flap. 

PLANANTHUS  FASTIGATUS,  Lycopodium 
selago  —  p.  Selago,  Lycopodium  selago. 

PLANARIA  LATIUSCULA,  Distoma  hepa- 
ticum. 

PLANCEER  (F.),  'floor.'  In  anatomy,  the 
inferior  wall  or  boundary  of  a  cavity. 

PL  AN  CHER  BU  CERVEAU,  Tentorium. 

PLANCUS,  Leiopus. 

PLANE,  Plexus  —  p.  Mesial,  see  Mesial. 

PLANET-STRUCK,  see  Sideratio. 

PLANE'TES,  Plane'ticus,  Plan'icus,  Erra- 
bun'dus,  Errat'ic.  An  epithet  given  to  diseases, 
whose  returns  are  irregular  —  especially  to  inter- 
mittent fever ;  Planetes  Fehria,  F.  Errat'iea,  F. 
Erro'nea,  F.  Vaga. 

PLANETICA  ARTHRITIS,  Gout,  wander- 
ing. 

PLANICUS,  Planetes. 

PLANIPEDES,  Steganopodes. 

PLANITIES  PEDIS,  Sole. 

PLANOBOLIA,  Plagiobolia. 

PLANTA  NOCTIS,  Hydroa,  Sudamina  — p. 
Pedis,  Sole  —  p.  Prima  pedis,  Tarsus. 

PLANTA'GO,  P.  Major,  Centiner'via,  Arno- 
glos'sum,  tSeptiner'via,  Polyneu'ron,  Hepttaplen'- 
ron,  Planta'go  latifo'lia  seu  major  seu  vulga'ris, 
(F.)  Plantain  commun.  Family,  Plantaginetp. 
Sex.  Syst.  Tetrandria  Monogynia.  The  leaves 
have  been  said  to  be  refrigerant,  attenuant,  sub- 
styptic,  and  diuretic. 

Plantago  Aquatica,  Alisma  plantago. 

Plantago  Cohon'opus,  Coronopo'dium,  Cornu 
cervi'num,  Stella  terra,  Plantago,  Buchshorn 
Plantain.     Properties  like  the  last. 

Plantago  Nitida,  P.  psyllium. 

Plantago  Psyl'lium,  P.  nit'ida,  Psyl'Uum,  P. 
erec'tum,  Pulica'ris  herba.  Crystal 'lion,  Cyno- 
moi'a,  Branching  Plantain,  Fleaicort,  (F.)  Herbe 
aux  puces  commune.  The  seeds  have  a  nauseous, 
mucilaginous  taste,  and  no  remarkable  smell. 
The  decoction  of  the  seeds  is  recommended  in 
hoarseness  and  roughness  of  the  fauces. 

Plantago  Vulgaris,  Plantago. 

PLANTAIN,  BRANCHING,  Plantago  psyl- 
lium—  p.  Buckshorn,  Plantago  coronopus — p. 
Commun,  Plantago — p.  d'Enn,  Alisma  plantago 
—  p.  Rattlesnake,  Goodyera  pubseseens  —  p.  Ro- 
bin's, Erigeron  bellidifolium — p.  Tree,  Musa  pa- 
radisiaca  —  p.  Water,  Alisma  plantago,  Unisema 
deltifolia. 

PLANTAIRE,  Plantar  muscle— j).  Grile, 
Plantar  muscle. 

PLANTAR,  Planfa'ris,  from  planta,  '  the  sole 
of  the  foot.'  Tliat  which  relates  or  belongs  to 
the  sole  of  the  foot.  This  name  has  been  given 
to  several  parts. 

Plantar  Aponeuro'sis,  P./as'cia.  A  thick, 
dense,  resisting  aponeurosis ;  of  a  triangular 
shape,  and  superficially  situate,  which  occupies 


PLANTARIA 


681 


PLASTIC 


the  middle  and  sides  of  the  sole  of  the  foot,  and 
furnishes  insertions  to  several  of  the  muscles  of 
the  region,  either  directly  or  through  the  medium 
of  septa,  which  it  sends  between  them. 

Plantar  Akch,  see  Plantar  arteries. 

Plantar  Arteries.  These  are  two  in  num- 
ber, and  arise  from  the  extremity  of  the  posterior 
tibial  artery.  They  are  distinguished  into : — The 
internal  jilantar  artery,  situate  above  the  abduc- 
tor poUicis  pedis.  It  extends  from  the  termina- 
tion of  the  posterior  tibial  to  the  trunk  of  one  of 
the  collaterals  of  that  toe.  The  external  jjlantar 
artery  is  larger  than  the  preceding,  and  ought  to 
be  considered  as  the  termination  of  the  posterior 
or  tibial.  Situate  above  the  flexor  communis  di- 
gitorum  pedis,  it  extends  from  beneath  the  calca- 
neum  to  the  posterior  extremity  of  the  last  meta- 
tarsal space.  When  it  has  reached  this  part,  it 
turns  from  without  inwards  ;  advances  towards 
the  posterior  extremity  of  the  first  metatarsal 
bone,  and  anastomoses  with  the  perforating 
branch  of  the  dorsalis  tarsi.  In  the  first  part  of 
its  course,  it  furnishes  calcaneal,  articular,  mus- 
cular, and  adipous  branches.  The  second  por- 
tion of  the  artery  is  called  the  Plantar  Arch  or 
Cross.  It  gives  branches  in  all  directions.  The 
inferior  and  posterior  have  received  no  name. 
The  superior — three  in  number — are  the  j^oste- 
ri or  perforating  arteries.  The  anterior  branches 
are  larger,  and  there  are  commonly  four.  They 
furnish  the  anterior  perforating,  and  the  collate- 
rals of  the  last  four  toes. 

Plantar  Cross,  see  Plantar  arteries — p.  Fas- 
cia, P.  aponeurosis. 

Plantar  Ligaments.  A  name  given  to  the 
inferior  ligaments,  which  unite  the  bones  of  the 
tarsus  and  metatarsus,  to  distinguish  them  from 
the  superior,  called  dorsal. 

Plantar  Muscle,  Planta'ris,  P.  grac"ilis, 
Tibia'lis  grac"ilis,  Exten'sor  tarsi  minor,  (F.) 
Plantaire,  P.  Grele,  Jambier  grele,  Petit  femoro- 
calcanien,  (Ch.)  A  muscle,  situate  at  the  poste- 
rior part  of  the  leg.  It  is  long,  thin,  and  narrow. 
Above,  it  is  attached  to  the  posterior  part  of  the 
external  condyle  of  the  os  femoris  :  below,  it  ter- 
minates by  a  long  tendon,  which  is  attached  to 
the  posterior  and  inner  part  of  the  caloaneum. 
This  muscle  extends  the  leg  on  the  foot,  and 
conversely.  It  can,  also,  assist  in  the  flexion  of 
the  leg  on  the  thigh. 

Plantar  Nerves.  These  are  two  in  number, 
and  are  furnished  by  the  termination  of  the  pos- 
terior tibial  nerve.  They  are  distinguished  into 
—  1.  The  internal  p>lantar  nerve,  which  extends 
from  the  inferior  part  of  the  tibial  nerve  to  both 
sides  of  the  first  three  toes,  and  the  inner  side  of 
the  fourth.  It  furnishes,  also,  branches  to  the 
abductor  of  the  great  toe;  to  the  short  flexor  of 
the  toes ;  to  the  accessory ;  to  the  short  flexor  of 
the  great  toe,  the  lumbricales,  &c.  2.  The  exter- 
nal plantar  nerve  proceeds  from  the  termination 
of  the  posterior  tilsial  to  the  posterior  extremity 
of  the  5th  metatarsal  bone,  and  gives  branches  to 
the  flexor  brevis  digitorum  pedis,  the  accessory 
and  the  abductor  of  the  little  toe.  This  trunk 
subsequently  divides  into  two  branches  ;  —  the 
one — profunda — is  distributed  to  the  short  flexor 
of  the  great  toe :  the  interosseus  and  abductor 
pollicis  pedis  :  the  other  —  superfioialis  —  sends 
filaments  to  the  short  flexor  of  the  little  toe,  the 
two  sides  of  that  too,  the  outer  side  of  the  4th, 
ajid  the  last  lumbricalis. 

Plantar  Regions  or  Surfaces  are  difi^erent 
regions  or  surfaces  of  the  sole  of  the  foot.  Three 
are  generally  reckoned,  —  the  internal,  middle, 
and  external. 

Plantar  Veins  follow  a  similar  arrangement. 

PLANTARIA,  Dengue. 


PLANTARIS,  Plantar,  P.  muscle— p.  Superfi- 
cies pedis.  Sole — p.  Verus,  see  Flexor  longus  di- 
gitorum pedis  profundus  perforans  (aocessorius.) 

PLANTARIUM,  Pubes. 

PLANTE  DU  PIED,  Sole. 

PLANTI-SO  US-PHALANGIENS,  Lumbri- 
cales pedis — p.  Tendino-phalangiens,  Lumbricales 
pedis. 

PLANUM  AFONEUROTICUM  DIA- 
PHRAGMATIS.  The  tendinous  expansion  of 
the  diaphragm. 

Planum  Os,  irom  planus,  'soft,  smooth.'  The 
papyraceous  or  orbitar  plate  of  the  ethmoid  bone 
was  formerly  so  called. 

Planum  Pedis,  Sole. 

Planum  Supe'rius  Lingua.  The  upper  sur- 
face of  the  tongue. 

PLANU'RIA,  from  nXavo;,  '  wandering,  false,* 
and  ovpov,  'urine.'  Discharge  of  urine  through 
unwonted  ways. 

PLAQUEBIINIER  D' EUROPE,  Diospyros 
lotus.  ^ 

PLAQUES  GAU FREES,  Peyeri  glandulae— 
p.  Laiteuses,  see  Taclies  laiteuses. 

PLASMA,  Liquor  sanguinis. 

PLASMEXHIDRO'SIS,  from  plasma,  the  li- 
quor sanguinis ;  e^,  'out  of,'  and  't&poioi;,  'perspi- 
ration.' Exudation  of  the  plasma  of  the  blood 
from  the  vessels. 

PLASTER,  Emplastrum —-p.  Adhesive,  Em- 
plastrum  resinte,  Sparadrapum  adhesivum  —  p. 
Adhesive,  Baynton's,  see  Emplastrum  resinte — p. 
Adhesive,  of  pitch  and  resins,  Emplastrum  do 
pice  et  resinis  glutinans  —  p.  Ammoniacum,  Em- 
plastrum ammoniaci — p.  Ammoniacum  with  mer- 
cury, Emplastrum  ammoniaci  cum  hydrargyro  — 
p.  Aromatic,  Emplastrum  aromaticum  —  p.  Asa- 
foetida,  Emplastrum  asafcetidas  —  p.  of  Belladon- 
na, Emplastrum  belladonnse  —  p.  Blister,  Blister 
— p.  Blistering,  Emplastrum  lytta;— p.  of  Blister- 
ing fly,  Emplastrum  ly ttas  —  p.  Calefacient,  Em- 
plastrum calefaciens  —  p.  of  Cantharides,  com- 
pound, Emplastrum  lyttae  compositum  —  p.  Ce- 
phalic, Emplastrum  picis  comp. — p.  Corn,  Spa- 
radrapum viride  —  p.  Corn,  Kennedy's,  Spara- 
drapum viride  —  p.  Court,  English,  see  Ichtbyo- 
colla.,  Sparadrapum  adhesivum  —  p.  Cummin, 
Emplastrum  cumini — p.  Defensive,  Sparadrapum 
Galteri — p.  Diachylon,  Emplastrum  plumbi  —  p. 
Fly,  Emplastrum  lyttse  —  p.  Frankincense,  Em- 
plastrum thuris — p.  Galbanum,  Emplastrum  gal- 
bani  —  p.  Galbanum,  compound,  Emplastrum 
galbani  compositum — p.  Gum,  Emplastrum  gum- 
mosum  —  p.  of  Gum-resins,  Emplastrum  cuia 
gummi-resinis — p.  Hemlock,  Emplastrum  cicutfB 
—  p.  Iron,  Emplastrum  ferri  —  p.  Isinglass,  see 
Sparadrapum  adhesivum  —  p.  Issue,  Sparadra- 
pum pro  fonticulis — p.  Lead,  Emplastrum  plumbi 
— p.  Machine,  Sparadrapier — p.  Mercurial,  Em- 
plastrum hydrargyri — p.  of  Mercury,  compound, 
Emplastrum  hydrargyri  compositum — p.  Nurem- 
berg, Emplastrum  Norimbergense  —  p.  Opium, 
Emplastrum  opii  —  p.  Pitch,  see  Depilatory  —  p. 
Pitch,  comp.,  Emplastrum  picis  compositum  —  p. 
Resin,  Emplastrum  resinae  —  p.  of  Red  oxide  of 
iron,  Emplastrum  osidi  ferri  rubri  —  p.  Soap, 
Emplastrum  saponis  —  p.  of  Spanish  flies,  com- 
pound, Emplastrum  lyttjs  compositum — p.  Stick- 
ing, Emplastrum  resinas — p.  Strengthening,  Em- 
plastrum ferri,  Emplastrum  oxidi  ferri  rubri  —  p. 
Warm,  Emplastrum  calefaciens  —  p.  Wax,  Em- 
plastrum cerce. 

PLASTIC,  Plas'ticus,  Formati'vus,  Form' ath-t,, 
from  TrXaaau),  '  I  form.'  That  which  forms,  or 
serves  to  form. 

Plastic  Element.  One  which  bears  witiiin  it 
the  germs  of  a  higher  form.  —  Gerber. 


PLASTICIMUS 


PLETHORA 


Plastic  Force.  The  generative  or  formative 
power  in  organized  bodies.  It  is  also  called  Ni- 
sus  formati'vua,  Vis  seu  Virtus  plax'tica  seu  for- 
mati'va,  Vis  essentia'lis  seu  reproductiva,  Fac'ultas 
formatrix  seu  nutrix  seu  auctrix  seu  vegctati'va; 
Bins  alterati'vum,  Jlotits  assimilationis,  An'ima 
v«getati'va,  Plasticism'us,  Virtus  formatrix,  Plas- 
tic"itas,  Plastic"ity,  Force  of  Nutrition,  F.  of 
assimilation,  Force  of  Form'ation,  Force  of  vege- 
ta'tion,  Puissance  du  moule  interieur  (Buffon), 
Bildungstrieb,  Germ  force  of  the  Germans. 

Plastic  LYMPH,Liquor  Sanguinis — p.  Surgery, 
Morioplastiee. 

PLASTICIMUS,  Plastic  Force. 

PLASTICITAS,  Plastic  Force. 

PLASTICITY,  Plastic  Force. 

PLASTILYTIC,  Antiplastic. 

PLASTILYTICUM  (H^MATOLYTICUM), 
Spansemic. 

PLATA,  Scapula. 

PLATANO,  Musa  Sapientum. 

PLATANTHE'RA  ORBICULA'TA,  Large 
round-leaved  Orchis  ;  indigenous.  Order  Orchid- 
acese  ;  flowering  in  July.  The  leaves  are  large, 
soft  and  fleshy,  and  are  used,  in  certain  places,  for 
dressing  blisters. 

PLATANUS,  Musa  paradisiaca. 

PLATEA,  Bothriocephalus  latus. 

PLATES,  MANSFORD'S,  see  Galvanism. 

PLATIAS'MUS,  from  fAotus,  'broad.'  Ex- 
cessive development  of  the  lips,  causing  the  arti- 
culation to  be  imperfect. 

PLATINA,  Platinum. 

PLAT'INUM,  Plat'ina,  from  (S.)  plata,  'sil- 
ver.' The  preparations  of  platinum  resemble  in 
their  therapeutical  properties  those  of  gold.  The 
Eichlo'ride,  Plat'ini  Bichlo'ridum,  made  by  dis- 
solving jiiatinum  in  aqua  regia.  and  the  Doitble 
Chloride  of  Platinum  and  Sodiom,  So'dii  chlo- 
roplat'inas,  C hloroplat'inate  of  So'dium,  prepared 
by  dissolving  bichloride  of  2^iatinum  and  pure 
chloride  of  sodium,  in  proper  proportions,  in  water, 
evaporating  and  crystallizing,  —  are  the  prepara- 
tions used.     They  are  not  much  prescribed. 

PLATULA,  see  Pediculus. 

PLATYBREGMATE,  see  Cranium. 

PLATYCORIA,  Mydriasis. 

PLATYCORIASIS,  Platyeoria. 

PLATYNO'SIS,  from  ir^arvs,  'broad.'  Ampli- 
Jlca'tio.     Morbid  extension  of  parts. 

PLATYOPHTHALMON,  Antimonium. 

PLATYPOLIA,  see  Kyllosis. 

PLATYPUS,  see  Kyllosis. 

PLATYS'MA,  from  rrXarvg,  '  broad.'  Any  thing 
broadly  extended.     A  spread  plaster. 

Platys'ma  MvoiDES,  P.  Myo'des,  Mus'eulus 
cuta'neus,  M.  suhcuta'neus  (Winslow),  Quadra'tus 
gence  vel  latis'simus  colli,  Expan'sio  musculo' sa, 
Tetrago'nus,  Stomoman'icon,  (F.)  Thoraco-maxillo 
facial,  Thoracofacial  (Ch.),  Peaucier.  A  mus- 
cle situate  superficially  on  the  lateral  parts  of 
the  neck.  It  is  flat,  broad,  and  quadrilateral.  Its 
fibres,  which  are  all  parallel  to  each  other,  pass 
obliquely  downwards,  and  from  without  inwards. 
They  arise  from  the  areolar  tissue,  which  covers 
the  anterior  and  superior  part  of  the  chest;  pass 
before  the  clavicle,  and  proceed  to  attach  them- 
selves at  the  interior  part  of  the  symphysis  menti, 
at  the  external  oblique  line  of  the  jaw,  and  at  the 
commissure  of  the  lips.  The  fibres  of  this  last 
insertion  form  a  distinct  fasciculus,  called  by  some 
anatomists  Mus'eulus  Biso'rius  Santori'ni.  The 
platysma  myoides  depresses  the  commissure  of 
the  lips,  and  carries  it  outwards.  It  contributes, 
also,  to  the  depression  of  the  lower  jaw.  When 
It  contracts,  it  wrinkles  the  skin  of  the  neck 
transversely. 


PLATYSTER'NOS,  from  TrXarus,  'broad,'  and 
oTfpj/ov,  'the  sternum.'  One  who  has  a  broad 
well  developed  chest.  —  D.  Pechlin. 

PLATYS'TOMUS;  from  -nXarvs,  'broad,'  and 
crTo/xa,  '  mouth.'     One  who  has  a  broad  mouth. 

PLAUTUS,  Leiopus. 

PLECHAS,  Perinx'um. 

PLECTAN^,  Cornua  uteri. 

PLEC'TANE,  Plica,  Pleijmo,  Plexus.  A  fold; 
a  plexus.     Also,  a  eornu  of  the  uterus. 

PLECTRUM.  The  styloid  process  of  the 
temporal  bone.  Also,  the  uvula,  and  the  tongue. 
—  Castelli. 

PLEDGET,  (D.)  Plagghe,  Plumace'olua, 
Lintea'men,  Plag'ula,  (F.)  Pluniaceau,  Plumaa- 
seau.  A  small  compress  or  gateau  of  lint  —  (the 
filaments  arranged  parallel  to  each  other)  —  flat- 
tened between  the  hands  after  the  extremities 
have  been  cut  ofi^  or  folded  down.  It  is  applied 
over  wounds,  ulcers,  &c.,  to  preserve  them  from 
the  contact  of  the  air,  to  retain  dressings  in  situ, 
and  to  absorb  the  discharges. 

PLEGE,  Blow,  Ictus. 

PLEGMA,  Plectane,  Plexus. 

PLEGOMETER,  Pleximeter. 

PLETN,  (F.)  'Full.'  The  middle  part  of  a  roUer. 

PLEIOMASTHUS,  Polymasthus. 

PLEIOMAZIA,  see  Polymasthus. 

PLENA  MULIER,  Pregnant. 

PLENITUDE,  Fulness. 

PLENITUDO,  Plethora. 

PLENCK'S  DEPILATORY,  see  Depilatory, 
Colley's. 

PLEONEC'TICA  ATHYM'IA  seu  MELAN- 
CHO'LIA.  A  form  of  insanity  characterized  by 
a  desire  for  gain  or  by  covetousness. 

PLEONEC'TICUS,  from  tiXlov,  'more,'  and 
tx^iv,  '  to  have.'  Covetous.  Desirous  to  acquire : 
hence  mania  pleonectica. 

PLERO'SIS,  from  T:\vpvs,  '  full ;'  also  Peple'. 
tio,  Jiefec'tio,  Reple'tion.  Restoration  of  flesh 
after  sickness.     Plethora. 

PLEROTICUS,  Incarnans. 

PLES'MONE,  Plenitu'do,  Sati'etas,  Sati'ety, 
Intemperance.  A  condition  the  opposite  to  that 
of  hunger. 

PLESBER,  Plexor. 

PLESSIMETER,  Pleximeter. 

PLETHOMER'IA,  from  n\r,eoi,  'many,'  and 
inpog,  'a  part.'  Superabvtndance  of  parts,  as  in 
the  case  of  six  fingers  to  one  hand. 

PLETIIO'RA,  from  xA>;5«,  '  I  fill.'  Polya'mia, 
Polyhyperha'mia,  Panhyperm'mia,  Polychym'ia 
sanguin'ea,  Angeioplero'sis,  Aiigioplero'sis,  Ery- 
thrcs'mia,  Erythro'sis,  Hcematopletho'ra,  Hcemn- 
pletjio'ra,  Plenitu'do,  3Iultitu'do,  Pednndan'iia, 
Reple'tio,  En'chyma,  Comple'tio,  Pleth'ory,  Re- 
ple'tion, San'guineness,  Fulness,  (F.)  Abondance, 
Redondance.  The  word  plethora,  which  means 
repletion,  Plero'sis,  expresses  a  superabundance 
of  blood  in  the  system,  or  in  some  part  of  it :  — 
hence  the  division  of  plethora  into  general  and 
local;  the  latter  being  called,  according  to  its 
seat,  cerebral,  pulmonary,  uterine,  &c.  The  prin- 
cipal symptoms  of  plethora  exist  in  the  circula- 
tory system ;  such  as  redness  of  the  surface, 
swelling  of  the  veins,  increase  in  the  fulness  of 
the  pulse,  in  the  strength  of  the  heart's  pulsa- 
tions, &c.,  with  spontaneous  hemorrhages  occa^ 
sionally.  AVith  these  are  usually  united  general 
heaviness,  torpor,  lassitude,  vertigo,  tinnit\is  au- 
rium,  flushes  of  heat,  &c.  The  blood  of  pletiioric 
persons  differs  from  health}' blood  in'the  smaller 
ratio  of  water  which  it  contains,  and  especially 
in  the  augmentation  of  the  red  corpuscles. 

The  tendency  to  plethora,  or  its  actual  exist- 
ence, must  be  obviated  by  purgatives,  proper  diet, 


PLETHORIC 


683 


PLEURITIS 


exercise,  Ac;  and,  if  tlie  danger  from  it  be  press- 
ing, by  blood-letting.  This  is,  however,  a  doubt- 
ful remedy  for  general  plethora,  as  it  increases 
hasmatosis. 

Plethora,  Local,  Hyperssmia. 

PLETHOR'IC,  Pletho'riciio,  Pohja'-nuc,  Po- 
lycB'micus,  Sanguine,  Sctnyuineoiis,  (F.)  Pletho- 
rique.  Same  etymon.  Full  of  blood.  Relating 
to  or  affected  -with  plethora. 

PLETHORICUS,  Plethoric. 

PLETHORY,  Plethora. 

PLETHOS,  Satiety. 

PLEUMON,  Pulmo. 

PLEUMONIA,  Pneumonia. 

PLEURA,  Fleurum,  Pleuro'ma,  'the  side,  a 
rib.'  Memhra' na  plettrit'icn  succin' gens  seu  cas- 
tas suecin'gens,  Memhra'na  seu  Tu'nica  costalis 
seu  suhcoata'lis,  Hypopleu'rios,  (F.)  Plevre  ou 
Pleure.  The  pleurae  are  two  thin,  diaphanous, 
perspirable  membranes,  which  line  each  side  of 
the  chest,  and  are  reflected  thence  upon  each 
lung.  Like  all  serous  membranes  —  to  which 
class  they  belong — each  represents  a  sac  without 
aperture.  From  the  junction  of  the  pleura  of 
each  side  the  mediastina  are  formed.  That  por- 
tion of  the  pleura  which  lines  the  parietes  of  the 
chest  is  called  Pleura  Costa' lis  ;  the  portion  that 
covers  the  lungs.  Pleura  Pulmona'lis.  The  arte- 
ries of  the  pleuraB  are  from  the  the  intercostals, 
internal  mammaries,  phrenic,  inferior  thyroid, 
&c.  The  veins  correspond  with  the  arteries. 
They  are,  also,  supplied  with  lymphatics,  but 
nerves  are  not  traceable  in  them. 

Pleura  is  also  used  for  Cavity  of  the  Pleura, 
Saccus  PleiircB. 

PLEURA.     The  sides  of  the  chest. 

PLEURAL,  Pleura'lis,  Pleu'ricus,  Pleu'rites. 
That  which  concerns  the  pleura;  —  as  a  pleural 
fistula  ; — pleural  cavity,  pleural  hemorrhage,  &c. 

PLEURALGIA,  Pleurodvne. 

PLEURAPOPHYSES.  Costfe  verse,  see  Costa. 

PLEURAPOSTExMA,  Empyema. 

PLEURARTHROC'ACE,  from  T:\evpa,  'a  rib,' 
apO^ov,  'a joint,'  and  Ka<os,  'bad.'  Caries  of  the 
ribs. 

PLEURE,  Pleura. 

PLEURESIA,  Pleuritis. 

PLEURESTE,  Pleurisy. 

PLEURESIS,  Pleuritis. 

PLEURE TIQ  UE,  Pleuritic. 

PLEURICUS,  Pleural.. 

PLEURIS,  Pleuritis. 

PLEURISY,  Pleuritis. 

Pleorisy,  Bilious,  Pleuri'tis  hilio'sa.  Pleu- 
risy accompanied  with  bilious  symptoms;  —  the 
effect  of  duodenitis  or  duodeno-hepatitis. 

Pleurisy,  False,  Pleurodynia. 

Pleurisy,  Head.  A  ridiculous  term,  occa- 
sionally used  by  the  vulgar,  in  the  Southern 
States  especially,  for  bilious  pneumonia  before 
the  pneumonitic  phenomena  are  developed,  and 
•whilst  the  head  is  prominently  aifected. 

Pleurisy,  Hemorrhagic,  Hasmatothorax  — 
p.  Rheumatic,  Pleurodynia  —  p.  Root,  Asclepias 
tuberosa. 

Pleurisy,  Typhoid,  Pleuri'tis  typTioVdea  seu 
typho'des  seu  typho'sa.  Pleurisy  accompanied 
by  adynamic  symptoms. 

PLEURITES,  Pleural. 

PLEURIT'IC,  Pleurit'icus,  Pleurit'ieal,  (F.) 
Pleuretique;  same  QiyvaoTi  a.s  pleuritis.  Relating 
or  appertaining  to  pleuritis  —  as  'pleuritic  pain.' 

PLEURI'TIS,  from  wUvpa,  'the  pleura;'  3Tor- 
hua  latera'lis,  M.  pleurit'icus,  M.  Gosta'lis,  Em- 
pres'ma  Pleuritis,  Pleuris,  Pleure' sis,  Pleure' sia, 
Pleuritis  eosta'lis  seu  vera,  Pleurit'iea  Fehris, 
Cauma  Pleuri'tis,  Passio  pleurit'iea,  Injiamma' tio 
Pleura,  Pleurisy,  Injiamma' tion  of  the  Pleura, 


(F.)  Pleuresie,  Fievre  pleuretique,  LiJJammation 
de  la  Plecre,  may  be  acute  or  chronic.  Perhap.a 
the  most  violent  of  all  internal  inflammations  is 
the  active  form;  known  by  acute,  lancinating 
pain  in  one  side  of  the  chest,  increased  by  inspi- 
ration, by  coughing,  and  often  by  pressure;  dys- 
pnoea, the  inspirations  short  and  frequent ;  cough 
dry,  or  with  little  expectoration;  and  difiiculty 
of  lying  on  the  afi'eeted  side.  Symptoms,  attend- 
ing the  phlegraasise  in  general,  strongl}'  marked. 

Physical  Signs.  There  is  seldom  any  percep- 
tible alteration  in  the  exterior  of  the  chest.  When 
effusion  has  t.aken  place  to  a  great  extent,  the 
signs  will  be  similar  to  those  of  chronic  pleurisy. 
The  motion  of  the  affected  side  is  diminished, 
and  the  vibrations  of  the  voice  cannot  be  detected 
by  the  hand.  There  is  more  or  les.s  dulness  of 
sound  on  percussion,  the  dulness  diminishing  or 
disappearing  by  change  of  position.  On  auscul- 
tation, the  inspiration  is  feeble,  distant,  or  inau- 
dible ;  but  change  of  position  modifies  it.  Ego- 
phony  is  usually  present,  when  the  effusion  is  in 
moderate  quantity,  and  is  best  heard  over  a  por- 
tion of  the  thoracic  parietes,  represented  by  a 
band  of  three  inches,  running  from  below  the 
inferior  margins  of  the  scapula  in  the  direction 
of  the  ribs  to  the  sternum.  Simple  pleurisy 
rarely  attacks  both  sides  at  once :  when  such  is 
the  case,  the  presence  of  tubercles  may  be  sus- 
pected. 

Formerly,  a  trxie  pleurisy  meant  one  seated  in 
the  pleura:  a  mediastinal  pleurisy,  one  situated 
in  the  anterior  mediastinum  ;  and  false  pleurisy 
or  rheumatismal  pleurisy,  that  which  occupies  the 
intercostal  muscles.  The  last  has  received  the 
name  Pleurodyn'ia ;  that  of  pleurisy  being  ex- 
clusively appropriated  to  inflammation  of  the 
pleura.  Pleurisy  has  also  been  distinguished  intt, 
dry  and  humid,  according  as  it  is  or  is  not  accom- 
panied by  expectoration.  Humid  or  moist  pleurisy 
is  now  properly  regarded  as  a  complication  of 
pleurisy  with  pulmonary  catarrh.  It  is  the  catar'- 
rhal pleurisy  of  some.  The  majority  of  the  spe- 
cies of  pleurisy,  admitted  by  Sauvages,  consist 
of  complications. 

The  causes  of  pleurisy  are  like  those  of  other 
internal  inflammations.  It  may  terminate  by 
resolution,  effusion,  or  suppuration. 

Chronic  Pleurisy,  which  has  been  particu- 
larly described  by  Bayle,  Broussais,  and  Laeu- 
nec,  most  commonly  terminates  by  a  serous  or 
purulent  effusion,  which  sometimes  simulates 
hydrothorax;  at  others,  phthisis  pulmonalis.  It 
may  form  slowly,  without  evident  symptoms;  or 
it  may  succeed  acute  pleurisy.  In  the  former 
case,  vague  pains  are  felt  in  the  chest,  with  small, 
dry  cough,  oppression  at  intervals,  shivering, 
irregular  febrile  symptoms,  and  hardness  of  pulse. 

Physical  Signs.  The  affected  side  is  smoother, 
more  rounded  and  motionless;  the  intercostal 
spaces  are  dilated  and  filled  up,  or  may  even 
protrude  slightly.  In  very  chronic  cases,  how- 
ever, the  affected  side  may  be  smaller.  The  tri- 
angulur  space  above  the  clavicle  and  the  depres- 
sion immediately  above  the  sternum  are  often 
drawn  downwards  on  the  diseased  side.  No  vi- 
bration is  experienced  by  the  hand  when  the 
patient  speaks.  The  parietes  of  the  thorax  are 
sometimes  oedematous,  and  fluctuation  may  be 
occasionally  felt  between  the  ribs.  On  percus- 
sion the  sound  is  dull,  or  if  clear,  onlj'  so  in  the 
upper  portions  of  the  chest.  On  auscultation, 
there  is  an  absence  of  the  usual  sounds  over  the 
affected  parts,  excepting  occasionally  transmitted 
sounds.  There  are  no  physical  signs  that  can 
enable  us  to  know  whether  pus  or  serum  is  effused 
into  the  chest.  The  introduction  of  a  grooved 
needle  through  the  intercostal  space,  as  reflom. 


PLEUROCELE 


684 


PLEXUS 


ntbnded  by  Dr.  Thomas  Davies,  would  of  course 
settle  the  question. 

On  dissection  of  those  who  have  died  of  pleu- 
risy, the  pleura  is  found  thickened,  red,  inflamed, 
and  covered  with  membranous  exudations  or 
false  membranes.  Sometimes  it  seems  cartilagi- 
nous and  ossified.  Its  cavity  frequently  contains 
serous  or  sero-purulent  effusions. 

The  acute  form  of  the  disease  requires  the  most 
active  treatment.  General  blood-letting,  to  such 
an  extent  as  to  make  a  very  decided  impression 
on  the  system,  and  repeated  if  necessary.  This 
is  the  most  important  agent.  After  the  violence 
of  the  disease  has  been  got  over,  counter-irritants 
will  be  found  highly  beneficial ;  as  well  as  when 
it  has  passed  into  the  chronic  state.  The  cough 
may  be  relieved  by  demulcents. 

Sauvages  has  given  the  name  Pleuri'tis  Ven- 
To'SA,  and  Pringle  that  of  Pleurodyn'ia  Ven- 
To'sA,  to  a  pain  behind  the  false  ribs,  attributed 
to  the  presence  of  air  in  the  intestines. 

PLEUPaTis  Bronchialis,  Bronchitis  —  p.  Cos- 
talis,  Pleuritis  —  p.  Diaphragmatica,  Diaphrag- 
mitis — p.  Humida,  Bronchitis  —  p.  Muscularis, 
Pleurodynia  —  p.  Notha,  Pleurodynia  —  p.  Peri- 
cardii, Pericarditis  —  p.  Pulmonis,  Pleuropneu- 
monia— p.  Rheumatica,  Pleurodynia — p.  Spuria, 
Pleurodynia — p.  Spuria  simulata,  Pleurodynia — 
p.  Typhoides,  see  Pleuritis,  (biliosa)  —  p.  Vera, 
Pleuritis. 

PLEUROCE'LE,  from  TrXeupa,  'the  pleura,' 
and  K>;X;;,  'a  tumour.'  Hernia  of  the  pleura, 
Hernia  pJeu'rica  et  pulmona'lis.  This  name, 
employed  by  Sagar,  is  inaccurate,  as  the  pleura 
never  protrudes  alone.  It  only  forms  a  hernia, 
when  it  serves  as  an  envelope  to  the  lung,  to  tu- 
mours, or  to  purulent  collections,  which  have 
protruded  from  the  thoracic  parietes. 

PLBUROCOLLE'SIS,  from  T:\evpa,  'the  pleu- 
ra,' and  KoWaw,  '  I  glue.'  An  adhesion  between 
the  pleura  costalis  and  pleura  pulmonalis. 
PLEURODYNE,  Pleurodynia. 
PLEURODYN'IA,  Pleural'gia,  Pseudo-pleu- 
ri'tis,  Psexido-pleurisy,  Plenrod'yne,  Autal'gia 
doloro'sa,  A  stitch,  Pain  in  the  side,  Stitch  in  the 
side,  Parapleuri'tis  ;  Stethorrheu'ma,  Rheumatis'- 
mtis  2}ec'toris,  Pleuri'tis  rheumat'ica,  P.  muscida'- 
ris,  P.  spin'ria,  False  Pleurisy,  Eheumat'ic  or 
rheumatis'mal  pleurisy,  Pleuri'tis  notha  seu  spu'- 
ria  seu  spu'ria  simula'ta,  Pneumo'nia  exter'na, 
Lagonop' onos,  Thoraeod'yne,  Dolor  Pec'toris  ex- 
ter'nus,  (F.)  Point  de  cote,  Douleur  de  c6te  ;  from 
n-Xetipa,  'the  side  or  pleura,'  and  oivvn,  'pain.'  A 
SYjasmodic  or  rheumatic  affection,  generally  seated 
in  the  muscles  of  the  chest,  and,  ordinarily,  in 
the  intercostals.  It  is  usually  augmented  by 
outward  pressure,  inspiration,  coughing,  exer- 
tion, moving  the  thorax,  and  sometimes  even  the 
corresponding  arm.  It  is  unaccompanied  by 
fever,  cough,  or  dyspncea,  excepting  under  the 
form  of  a  stitch,  when  dyspnoea  exists.  It  is, 
generally,  by  no  means  obstinate,  and  yields 
promptly  to  warm  applications  and  to  cupping 
or  leeches.  If  it  still  resist,  a  blister  will,  almost 
always,  remove  it. 

Pleurodynia  Ventosa,  Pleuritis  ventosa. 
PLEUROMA,  Costa,  Pleura. 
PLEUROPATIII'A,  from  TrXcupa,  'the  pleura,' 
and  TTiidos,  '  a  disease.'     A  disease  of  the  pleura. 

PLEUROPERIPNEU'MONY,  Pleuroperi- 
pueumo'nia,  Plenrojyneiimo'nia,  Pneumonopleure' - 
«r«,  Pnenmonopleuri'tis,  Pleuritis  pidmo'nis,  Pneu- 
mo'nia pleuritis.  Inflammation  occupying  the 
oleura  and  the  lung  at  the  same  time.  Pleurisy 
and  peripneumony  existing  simultaneously.  Phy- 
sical signs.  A  dull  sound  is  yielded  by  percus- 
sion for  a  variable  extent  over  the  more  depen- 


dent portions  of  the  affected  side.  The  loss  of 
sound  is  partially  modified  by  change  of  position. 
The  respiratory  murmur  on  auscultation  is  very 
feeble  or  absent  inferiorly ;  higher  up,  the  crepi- 
tation or  bronchial  respiration  of  pneumonia  may 
be  detected ;  round  the  root  of  the  lung,  and  near 
the  inferior  angle  of  the  scapula,  egophony  is 
generally  present.  There  is  seldom  much  en- 
largement of  the  affected  side,  or  displacement 
of  the  adjacent  organs,  as  in  the  case  of  simple 
chronic  pleurisy. 

PLEUROPNEUMA,  Pneumathorax. 
PLEUROPNEUMONIA,  Pleuroperipneu- 
mony. 

PLEUROPNEUMONITIS,  Pleuroperipneu- 
mony. 

PLEUROPYESIS,  Empyema. 
PLEURORRHCE'A,   from  TrXtupa,   'the  side,' 
and  pc(o,  '  I  flow.'     Accumulation  of  fluid  in  the 
pleura. 

Pleuorrhcea  Chtlosa,  Chylothorax — p.Lym- 
phatica,  Hydrothorax  —  p.  Purulenta,  Empyema 
—  p.  Sanguinea,  Haematothorax — p.  Serosa,  Hy- 
drothorax. 

PLEURORTHOPNCE'A,  from  T:\Evpa,  'the 
side,'  opSoi,  '  erect,'  and  ttvew,  '  I  respire.'  Pain 
of  the  side,  which  does  not  permit  the  patient  to 
breathe,  except  when  in  the  vertical  position. 

PLEUROSO'MUS,  from  nXivpa,  'side,'  and 
(T(uiia,  'body.'  A  malformation  in  which  the  fis- 
sure is  somewhat  lateral,  with  eventration  ex- 
tending chiefly  upon  the  upper  part  of  the  abdo- 
men and  upon  the  chest;  the  upper  extremity 
of  the  fissured  side  being  more  or  less  atrophied. 
— Vogel. 

PLEUROSTO'SIS,  from  nXcvpa,  'the  pleura,' 
and  oareov,  'a  bone.'  Ossification  of  the  pleura, 
or  in  the  cavity  of  the  pleura.  Osieopleu'ria. 
PLEUROTETANUS,  Pleurothotonos. 
PLEUROTHOT'ONOS,  Pleurot'onos,  Pleuro- 
tet'anus.  Tetanus  latera'lis,  from  nXevpoSev,  'late- 
rally,' and  Tovos,  'tension.'  A  variety  of  tetanus, 
in  which  the  body  is  curved  laterally  by  the 
stronger  contraction  of  the  muscles  of  one  side 
of  the  body. 

PLEUROTONOS,  Pleurothotonos, 
PLEURUM,  Costa,  Pleura. 
PLEVRE,  Pleura. 

PLEXIM'ETER,  Plexom'eter,  Plegom'eter, 
Plessim'eter,  from  TrXj/o-o-u,  '  I  strike,'  and  pcrpov, 
'measure,'  'a  measure  of  percussion.'  An  ivory 
plate  of  a  circular  or  ovoid  shape,  from  an  inch 
and  a  half  to  two  inches  in  diameter,  and  about 
one-sixth  of  an  inch  in  thickness.  It  has  either 
a  raised  rim  or  edge,  or  projecting  handles  on  its 
upper  side,  to  permit  its  being  held  between  the 
finger  and  thumb  of  the  left  hand,  whilst  it  is 
struck  with  the  right.  It  is  used  in  percussion 
of  the  chest.  A  piece  of  metal,  a  coin,  or  the 
finger  of  the  left  hand  may  be  used  with  equal 
advantage. — See  Percussion,  mediate. 
PLEXOMETER,  Pleximeter. 
PLEXOR,  from  ttXt/cto-u,  'I  strike.'  Plewrr, 
Any  instrument  employed  in  percussion.  Tho 
ends  of  the  fingers  of  the  right  hand  brought  to- 
gether arc  the  best  plexor ;  as  the  finger  of  the 
left  is,  perhaps,  the  hest  pleximeter. 

PLEXUS,  Plegma,  Plec'tane,  Plane,  Rete,  from 
plccto,  'I  interl.Tce,'  'I  entwine.'  (F.)  Lncis,  A 
network  of  blood  vessels  or  of  nerves.  The  nerv- 
ous plexuses,  Iniplicatio'nes  retivnla'res  seu  Tex- 
tus  nervorum  belong  —  some  to  the  system  of  en- 
cephalic nerves — others  to  that  of  the  great  sym- 
pathetic ;  whilst  some,  as  the  pharyngeal,  seem 
to  be  formed  of  the  two  sets.  The  plexuses  re- 
pro«ent   complex   networks,  with  more   or  less 


PLICA 


6S5 


PLUMBI 


loose  meshes,  formed  by  the  numerous  and  diver- 
sified anastomoses  of  the  nervous  filaments  ;  from 
which  proceed  other  branches,  that  are  distri- 
buted to  organs,  or  to  other  plexuses. 

Plexus,  Cardiac,  Cardiac  plexus — p.  Carotid, 
see  Carotid  nerve  —  p.  Choroides,  see  Choroid — 
p.  Ciliaris,  Ciliary  ligament — p.  C'(r??'ag'?(e,Coeliae 
plexus — p.  Coronarius  ventriculi.  Gastric  plexus 
— p.  Coronary,  see  Cardiac  plexus,  and  Coronary 
plexus  —  p.  Gangliformis  semilunaris,  Coeliac 
plexus — p.  Ganglioformes,  Ganglions,  nervous — 
p.  Glandiformes,  Ganglions,  nervous — p.  Glandu- 
losi  Peyeri,  Peyeri  glandulae  —  p.  Hederaeeus, 
Corpus  pampiniforme — p.  Hepaticus,  Hepatic 
l)lexus — p.  Infra-thyroideal,  see  Thyroideal  veins 
— p.  Lomho-uhdominal,  Lumbar  plexus  —  p.  Me- 
dian, Coelic  plexus  —  p.  Mesenterii  proprius  et 
maximus,  Cceliac  plexus  —  p.  Nervorum  anseri- 
nus.  Facial  nerve  — p.  Opistor/astriqve,  Coeliac 
plexus — p.  Pampiniformis,  Corpus  pampiniforme 
— p.  Pharyngeal,  see  Pharyngeal  nerve — p.  Pneu- 
mogastricus,  see  Pneumogastric  nerves — p.  Reti- 
formis,  Corpus  cavcrnosum  vaginae — p.  Reticula- 
ris, Bulbus  vestibuli,  Choroides  plexus — p.  Solar, 
Coeliac  plexus — p.  Sous-mesenleriqne,  Hypogas- 
tric plexus — p.  Testiculaire,  Spermatic  plexus — 
l>.  Trachelo-soiis-outane,  Cervical  plexus — p.Vas- 
culosus  funiculi  spermatid  pampiniformis,  Cor- 
l)us  pampiniforme. 

PLICA,  from  plicari,  *to  be  knit  together.' 
Tn'cho'sis  plica,  Trieho'ma,  TriccB,  T.  Incuborum, 
T,  Scrofo' rum,  Plica  Poloiiiea,  P.  Polon'ica  Ju- 
da'ica,  P.  Cachec'tica,  P.  Saxon'iea,  Affec'tio 
Sarmat'ica,  Matted  hair,  Plaited  hair,  Trichom'- 
atose  hair,  Lues  Sarmat'ica,  L.  Polon'ica,  L.  Tri- 
chomat'ica,  Helo'sis,  Helo'tis,  Cir'ragra,  Cir'rha- 
gra,  C.  Polono'rum,  Eejjhy'ma  trieho'ma,  Morbus 
Cirrho' rum,  Plica  caput  Medu'ecB,  Plica  longi- 
cau'da  latera'lis.  Coma  Ccesa'rea,  Kolto,  Rhopa- 
lo'ais,  Plica'tio,  Plicatu'ra,  (F.)  Plique,  P.  Polo- 
naise. A  disease  endemic  in  Poland,  Lithuania, 
and  other  parts  of  Northern  Europe ;  so  called 
on  account  of  its  being  characterized  by  inter- 
lacing, twisting,  and  agglutination  or  matting  of 
the  hair.  By  some  it  has  been  regarded  as  a 
disease ;  by  others,  as  the  want  of  attention  to 
cleanliness.  However  this  may  be,  it  generally 
appears  upon  the  hair  of  the  head,  but  sometimes 
in  that  of  other  parts,  as  the  beard,  the  hair  on 
the  axilla,  pubes,  &c.  Alibert  admits  three  spe- 
cies of  plica.  1.  Plica  ratdtiform'is  or  Plica 
caput  Jledu'scB,  in  which  the  hairs  are  mixed  and 
agglutinated  in  greater  or  less  masses  ;  and  this 
lias  been  again  subdivided  into  two  varieties,  ac- 
cording as  the  meshes  are  almost  straight  (P.  0. 
M.  lacinia'ta,  (F.)  Plique  en  laniires)  or  much 
twisted  (F.)  P.  en  vrilles.)  2.  Plica  longi- 
cau'da,  (F.)  Plique  solitaire  ou  &  queue;  when 
the  hair  is  united  into  a  single  long  mass,  and 
3.  Plica  ccspito'sa,  (F.)  Plique  en  masse,  in 
v,rhich  the  hairs  are  matted  into  one  large,  shape- 
less mass.  Pinel  places  this  disease  amongst 
the  Cutaneous  phlegmasia ;  but  it  is  far  from  de- 
monstrated, that  it  is  the  result  of  inflammation 
of  the  skin.  Certain  it  is,  however,  that  the 
tangling  of  the  hair  is  sj'raptomatic  of  an  affec- 
tion—  sui  generis  —  of  the  dermoid  system.  The 
idea  that  it  is  entirely  owing  to  want  of  cleanliness, 
a.3  has  been  conceived  by  some,  is  not  tenable. 

Plica.  Plectane  —  p.  Cacheotica,  Plica  —  p. 
Caput  Medusas,  Plica — p.  Longicauda  lateralis. 
Plica  —  p.  Lunata,  Valvula  semilunaris  —  p.  Po- 
lonica  Judaica,  Plica  —  p.  Saxonica,  Plica  —  p. 
Semilunaris,  Valvula  semilunaris. 

PLICATIO,  Plica. 

PLICATURA,  Plica. 

PLICATUR^  CEREBRI,  Gyri  cerebri. 

PLICIIOS,  PerincEum. 


PLIN'THIUM,  -Xtv^iov.  A  machine  invented 
by  one  Nileus,  which  was  formerly  employed  in 
the  reduction  of  fractures  and  luxations.  Scul- 
tetus  describes  it  in  his  Armamentarium  Chirur- 
gicum. 

PLIQ  UE,  Plica— p.  Polonaise,  Plica. 

PLOCARIA  CANDIDA,  Fucus  amylaceus. 

PLOMB,  Plumbum. 

PLOMB,  (F.)  The  sulphuretted  gas  disen- 
gaged from  privies,  which  proves  fatal  at  times 
to  the  nightmen,  (F.)  Vidangeurs,  engaged  in 
emptying  them.    ^ 

PLOMB,  ACETATE  ACIDE  BE,  Plumbi 
superacetas — p.  Blanc,  Plumbi  subcarbonas — p. 
Blanc  de,  Plumbi  subcarbonas — p.  Carbonate  de, 
Plumbi  subcarbonas — p.  Chlorure  de,  Plumbi 
chloridum — p.  lodure  de,  Plumbi  iodidum — 2'- 
Nitrate  de,  Plumbi  nitras — p.  Oxide  de,  fondu, 
Plumbi  oxydum  semivitreum — p.  Oxide  rouge  de, 
Plumbi  oxydum  rubrum — p.  Oxide  semi-vitreiix 
de,  Plumbi  oxydum  semivitreum. 

PL03IBAGINE,  Graphites. 

PLOMBIERES,  MINERAL  "WATERS  OF, 
Fontes  medica'ti  Plumba'rli,  ThermcE  Plumbariae. 
Plombieres  is  a  town  in  the  department  of  the 
Vosges,  17  leagues  from  Nancy,  and  two  from 
Remiremont.,  Here  are  several  sources  of  ther- 
mal water.  That  which  is  called  Saponaceous 
(F.)  Savonneuse,  is  formed  of  the  subearbonate 
and  sulphate  of  soda,  chloride  of  sodium,  silica, 
carbonate  of  lime,  and  much  vegeto-animal  mat- 
ter. This  last  component,  when  held  in  solution 
by  means  of  the  subearbonate  of  soda,  gives  to 
the  water  an  unctuous  character.  This  is  the 
origin  of  its  name.  The  waters  of  Plombieres 
are  employed  as  solvents  in  engorgements  of  the 
abdominal  viscera,  and  as  alteratives  in  chronic 
diseases  of  the  skin. 

PLORATIO,  Lachrymatio. 

PLORATUS,  Lachrymatio. 

PLOTUS,  Leiopus. 

PLUGGING  (Sw.)  Plugg,  (F.)  Tamponnement. 
The  act  of  stopping  a  hole.  The  introduction  of 
a  plug  of  lint  or  rag  into  a  wound  or  natural  ca- 
vity— as  the  uterus  or  vagina — to  arrest  hemor- 
rhage ;  or  of  some  substance  into  a  carious  tooth 
to  prevent  toothache. 

PLUM,  Prunum,  Prunus  dompstica — p.  Assy- 
rian, Sebestina. 

PLUMA,  Lanugo. 

PLU3IACEAU,  Pledget. 

PLUMACEOLUS,  Pad,  Pledget 

PLUMASSEAU,  Pledget. 

PLUMBAGO,  Graphites,  Persicaria, 

Plumb a'go  Europ^'a,  P.  lapathifo'lia  sen  «n- 
dula'ta,  Denta'ria,  Crepancl'la,  Squama'ria,  Den- 
iela'ria,  Leadwort,  (F.)  Dentelaire,  Herbe  au 
Cancer.  Famihj,  PlumbagincEe.  Sex.  Si/sf.  Pen- 
tandria  Monogynia.  The  root  was  formerly 
much  esteemed  as  a  cure  for  the  toothache,  like  the 
Pel'litory  of  Spain,  which  is  also  called  Dcntaria. 

PLUMBI  ACETAS,  p.  superacetas— p.  Acetas 
dilutum  alcoholicum.  Liquor  plumbi  subacetatis 
dilutus  —  p.  Acidulus  siccus,  Plumbi  superacetas 
— p.  Carbonas,  P.  Subcarbonas. 

Plumbi  Chlo'ridum,  Chloride  of  Lead,  (F.) 
Chlorure  de  Plomb.  This  salt  of  lead  has  been 
used  in  the  form  of  lotion  and  ointment  in  can- 
cerous  ulcerations. 

Plumbi  Deutoxyduji  Rubrum,  P.  oxydum 
rubrum — p.  Hydriodas,  P.  Iodidum  —  p.  lodhy- 
dras,  P.  Iodidum. 

Plumbi  Iod'idum,  Plumbi  lodure'tum,  seu  lit/- 
dri'odas  seu  HydroVodas  scu  lodhydras,  Plnm~ 
bum  ioda'tum  seu  Rydroiod'icum,  Todide  or  lod'- 
uret  of  Lead,  (F.)  lodure  de  Plomb,  lodura 
plombiqv.e.  This  salt  is  formed  by  the  double 
decomposition  of  iodide  of  potassium  and  r,itrt.t« 


PLUMBI 


686 


PNEUMATICA 


«/  lead.  It  is  used  in  scrofulous  affections  intern- 
ally and  externally.  Dose,  three  or  four  or  more 
grains.  It  is  officinal  in  the  Pharmacopoeia  U.  S. 
for  1851. 

Plumbi  Ioduretum,  p.  lodidum. 

Pltjmbi  Nitras,  Plumbum  ni'tricum,  Nitras 
plumb'icwi,  Nitrum  saturni'num,  Nitrate  of  lead, 
(F.)  Nitrate  de  Plomh.  A  salt  formed  by  the 
action  of  dAluted  nitric  acid  on  litharge.  Nitrate 
of  lead  has  the  same  medical  action  as  the  other 
soluble  salts  of  lead,  and  is  a  valuable  antibromie. 
It  has  been  used,  also,  as  an  excitant  antiseptic 
to  wounds,  ulcers,  &o.,  and  is  the  basis  of  Le- 
doyen's  disinfecting  liquid. 

Plumbi  Nitrosac'oharas,  Nitrosac' charate  of 
lead.  {Sacckar.  p.  j  ;  Acid,  nitric,  p.  ij  ;  AqtiCB 
p.  X.)  Beat  together  in  a  porcelain  dish  as  long 
as  chemical  action  continues  :  dilute  the  liquor 
with  water,  neutralize  with  chalk,  and  to  the  fil- 
tered solution  add  acetate  of  lead  so  long  as  a 
precipitate  is  formed.  Collect,  wash,  and  dry 
the  precipitR,te,  which  is  saccharate  of  lead.  Dis- 
solve in  dilute  nitric  acid,  (one  part  acid  to 
nineteen  of  water,)  filter  and  evaporate  to  form 
crystals,  which  are  transparent,  of  an  amber 
colour,  and  in  regular  hexagonal  plates  or  prisms. 

Advised  as  a  solvent  of  phosphatic  calculi. 

Pltjmbi  Oxydum  Album,  Plumbi  subcarbonas 
■ — p.  Oxydum  carbonatum  per  acidum  acetosum, 
Plumbi  subcarbonas  —  p.  Oxydum  fusum,  PL 
oxydum  semivitreum. 

Plumbi  Oxybum  Rubrum,  Min'ium,  Miltun, 
Dexitox'ydiim  plumbi  ricbrum,  Superox'ydum  Plum- 
bo'gum,  Plumbum  oxyda'tum  rubrum,  Sandix,  San- 
dy x.  Red  lead,  (F.)  Oxide  de  plomb  rouge.  It  is 
sometimes  used  to  kill  vermin. 

Plumbi  Ox'ydum  Semivit'reum.  Lithar'gyms, 
Lithargyrum,  Lithargyr'ium,  Oxydum  plumbi  fu- 
sum, Spjuma  argent'i,  Senii-vit' rified  oxyd  of  lead 
or  litharge,  Calciteo'sa,  Cath'mia,  (P.)  Oxide  de 
plomb  fondu,  Oxide  de  plomb  semivitrezix,  (a  yel- 
low protoxyd  of  lead,  prepared  by  heat,  com- 
bined with  carbonic  acid.)  It  occurs  in  scales 
of  a  whitish-red  colour,  and  semi-vitrified.  It  is 
employed  for  pharmaceutical  purposes,  as  in  the 
Liquor  plumbi  aeetatis,  Emplastrum  ptlumbi,  &c. 
Formerly,  the  Litharge  of  gold,  Chrysi'tin,  Mas'- 
eicot,  and  Litharge  nf  silver,  Almariab,  were  dis- 
tinguished in  'commerce.  These  were  merely 
ordinary  litharge,  resembling  gold  or  silver  in 
colour. 

Plumbi  Subcar'boi^as,  Car'bonaa  phmbt, 
Plumbi  Carbonas  (Ph.  U.  S.),  Plumbum  carboni- 
eum,  Magiste'rium  plumbi,  Oxydum  2}lumbi  album, 
Cerussa,  JEru'go  plumbi,  Psimmyfh' ion,  Psym'- 
mython,  Simmitium,  Flake  tvhite,  Blanco,  Gersa, 
If'fides,  Snbcar'bonate  of  lend,  Cerusse,  White 
lead,  (F.)  Carbonate  de  plomb,  Blanc  de  plomb, 
Plomb  blanc,  (prepared  by  exposing  spiral  rolls 
of  lead  to  the  fumes  of  vinegar,  in  vessels  placed 
in  dung.)  It  is  inodorous  ;  has  a  sweet  taste  ;  is 
brittle;  friable:  snow  white,  and  of  a  minute, 
scaly  texture.  It  is  astringent  and  sedative,  and 
is  sprinkled  on  parts  affected  with  local  inflam- 
mation, or  to  prevent  chafing  in  children.  It  is 
also  used  in  the  formation  of  ointments  and 
plasters. 

Plumbi  SuPERACB'TAS,Cer!(s'«aoce<a76f,/'ZjtOT&? 
ucid'uius  siccus,  Plumbi  ace'tas  (Ph.  U.  S.),  Sal 
vol  sac'charum  Satur'ni,  S>ipe7'ac"etate  of  lead, 
Plumbum  ace'ticum.,  Dulce'do  Satur'ni,  Acetas 
plum'bicum  cry stallisa' turn,  Sal  plumbi.  Sugar  of 
lead,  Protoac" etate  of  lead,  (F.)  Acetate  acide  de 
plomb,  Sel  ou  sucre  de  Salurne.  (Plumb,  carb. 
%],  Acid  acetic,  cong.  IJ.  Boil  the  lead  with 
ttie  acid  till  it  is  saturated;  then  strain  through 
paper,  and  e\aporate  to  a  pellicle,  that  crystals 
may  l>e  formed.     Wash  tlie  crystals  and  dry  on 


blotting-paper.  Ph.  L.)  The  acetate  of  lead  has 
a  sweet,  styptic  taste;  a  very  white  colour,  and 
silky  lustre.  It  is  astringent;  and,  in  loeak  solu- 
tion, cooling  and  sedative;  in  strong,  stimulant. 
It  is  given  internally,  in  visceral  and  other  he- 
morrhages, combined  with  opium,  and  is  used 
externally,  in  solution,  in  inflammation,  burns, 
bruises,  gonorrhoea,  &c.     Dose,  gr.  ss  to  iss. 

Plumbi  Tannas,  see  Tannin. 

PLUMBICUM  AC  ETAS  CRTSTALLISA- 
TUM,  Plumbi  superacetas. 

PLUMBOSUM  SUPEROXYDUM,  Plumbi 
oxydum  rubrum. 

PLUMBUM,  3Iolyb'dos,  Molibdus,  Saturn' us, 
Capricor'nus,  (P.)  Plomb.  Lead.  A  solid  metal 
of  a  bluish  white  colour;  more  malleable  than 
ductile;  soft  enough  to  be  scratched  by  the  nail; 
very  fusible  and  oxydizable,  when  heated  in  the 
air,  and  existing,  in  nature,  under  a  number 
of  different  shapes ;  the  principal  of  which  are 
those  of  sulphuret  and  oxyd.     S.  g.  11.352. 

Its  use  is  to  form  oxides  and  salts.  In  its  me- 
tallic state,  it  has  no  action  upon  the  body  ;  but 
when  oxydized  or  united  with  an  acid,  it  acts,  in 
large  doses,  as  a  powerfully  astringent  poison. 

Plumbum  Aceticum,  Plumbi  superacetas  —  p. 
Album,  Tin — p.  Candidum,  Tin — p.  Carbonicum, 
Plumbi  subcarbonas  —  p.  Cinereum,  Bismuth, 
subnitrate  of  —  p.  Hydroiodicum,  Plumbi  lodi- 
dum— p.  lodatum,  Plumbi  lodidum — p.  Nitri- 
cum,  Plumbi  nitras  —  p.  Oxydatum  rubrum, 
Plumbi  oxydum  rubrum. 

PLUMS,  SEEDED,  see  Diospyros  Virginiana 
—  p.  Winter,  see  Diospyros  Virginiana  —  p.  Yel- 
low, see  Diospyros  Virginiana. 

PLUNGE  BATH,  see  Bath. 

PLUNGING  SIPHON,  see  Siphon. 

PLUNKETT'S  CAUSTIC  FOE,  CANCERS, 
Plunkett's  Ointment. 

Plunkett's  Ointment,  PlunJcett's  Oavstic  for 
Cancers.  This  empirical  cancer  remedy  consists 
of  Arscnioas  acid.  Sulphur,  and  the  powdered 
flowers  of  the  Ranunculus  flammula  and  Cotula 
faetida;  —  levigated  and  made  into  a  paste  with 
the  white  of  egg,  and  applied,  on  a  piece  of  pig's 
bladder,  to  the  surface  of  the  cancer. 

PLURAL  BIRTH,  see  Multiparous. 

PLUTEA.  Avieenna  gives  this  name  to  dii- 
plicatures  of  the  dura  mater,  such  as  the  Fcdx 
cerebri. 

PLUTONIUM,  Barium. 

PNEOBIOMANTIA,  Docimasia  pulmonum. 

PNEOBIOMANTICA,  Docimasia  pulmonum. 

PNEUMA,  Air,  Life.  See  Pneumatic  Physi- 
cians. 

PNEUMAPOSTE'MA,  Pneumonapnste'ma,  Ah- 
scessjis  j)ulmo'num;  from  wi'tv/zuv, 'the  lung;'  and 
tiTTOdTrjiia,  'abscess.'     Abscess  of  the  lung. 

PNEUMATELECTASIS,  Atelectasis  pulmo- 
num. 

PNEUMATHORAX,  Pneumothorax. 

PNEUMAT'IC,  Pneumali'cus,  Pneumat'ical, 
from  TTvevfia,  'life,  air.'  Ptclating  to  pneuma,  air 
or  health. 

Pneumat'ic  Physicians,  Pncumat'ici.  Name 
given  to  a  sect  of  physicians,  at  the  head  of  whom 
was  Athena3us,  who  made  health  and  disease  to 
consist  in  the  different  proportions  of  an  element 
— which  they  called  Pneuma,  ttvcvjio — to  those  of 
the  other  elementary  principles.  This  irvev/xa  was 
a  fancied  spiritual  principle,  which  the  Stoics  re- 
garded as  an  element,  different  from  water,  air, 
earth  and  fire; — the  sole  elementary  principles 
previously  admitted. 

PNEUMAT'ICA,  from  rtvevita,  'air.'  Apper- 
taining to  the  breathing.  Discas  .s  of  the  respi- 
ratory function;  —  the   second   class   in    Good's 


PNEUMATICAL 


687 


PI^EUMONIA 


system  of  nosology.     Agents  that  act  on  the  res- 
piratory organs. — Pereira. 

PNEUMATICAL,  Pneumatic. 
PNEUMATOCELE,  Physocele. 
PNBUMATO'DES,  from  Trveviia,  'wind,'  and 
eiiog,  'resemblance.'     One  distended  with  air,  or 
who  breathes  with  difiiculty,  owing  to  an  accumu- 
lation of  flatus  in  the  digestive  tube ;  or,  accord- 
ing to  others,  owing  to  emphysema. 
PNEUMATOMETER,  Spirometer. 
PNEUMATOMPHALOCELE,  Pneumatom- 
phalus. 

PNEUMATOM'PHALUS,  Pnemnatomphalo- 
ce'le,  from  vvev/ta,  'flatus,'  and  oiKpaXog,  'the  uni- 
bilicus.'  Umbilical  intestinal  hernia,  containing 
a  considerable  quanty  of  flatus. 

PNE  VMA  TOSE,  Pneumatosis— p.Pert«o»eafe, 
Tympanites. 

PNEUMATOSIS,  Aero'sis,  from  Trvtvfia,  'air.' 
Flatus,  (F.)  Maladie  venteuse,  Pneumatose.  Ela- 
.  tulence.  Flatulent  distention  of  the  stomach  or 
bowels,  or  both.  Sauvages  uses  the  word  syno- 
nymously with  emphysema.  It  is  now  generally 
employed  for  every  abnormous  collection  of  gase- 
ous matters  in  any  part  of  the  body. 

Pneumatosis,    Emphysema  —  p.    Abdominis, 
Tympanites  —  p.  Enterica,  Colica  flatulenta — p. 
Pulmonum,  Emphysema  of  the  lungs — p.  Ven- 
triculi,  et  Pneumatosis  enterica.  Flatulence. 
PNBUMATOTHORAX,  Pneumothorax. 
PNEUMECTASIS,  Emphysema  of  the  Lungs. 
PNEUMOCACE,  Necropneumonia. 
PNEUMOCHOLOSIS,  Pneumonia  (bilious). 
PNEUMOCHYSIS,  (Edema  of  the  lungs. 
PNEU3I0BCTASIE,     Emphysema    of    the 
lungs. 

PNEUMOGAS'TRIC,  Pnemnogas'tricus,  from 
TTvevixwv,  'the  lung,'  and  yacnjp,  'the  stomach.' 
Belonging  to  the  lungs  and  stomach. 

Pneumogastric  Nerves,  Eighth  pair  of  nerves 
( Tenth  pair  of  some),  Par  vagum.  Pars  vaga, 
Nervus  vagus  seu  amhulato'rius  sen  2^>'eiimogas'- 
tricits  seu  dec"imiis  seu  sympath'icus  me'diiis, 
MiddU  sympathet'ic ;  because  it  is  distributed 
especially  to  the  organs  contained  in  the  chest 
and  abdomen.  This  nerve  arises  from  behind 
the  eminentiss  olivarite  and  near  the  corpora  res- 
tiformia  by  one  or  two  rows  of  filaments,  regu- 
larly arranged.  These  filaments  unite  to  form  a 
flat  cord,  which  issues  from  the  cranium  by  the 
foramen  lacerum  posterius ;  behind  the  glosso- 
pharyngeal nerve.  At  its  exit  from  the  cranium, 
the  pneumogastric  nerve  has  the  appearance  of  a 
very  compact  plexus — Plexus  gangliform'is,  Gan- 
glion of  the  superior  laryngeal  branch,  of  Sir  Astley 
Cooper.  It  then  descends  along  the  neck,  deeply 
seated  on  the  outside  of  the  carotid  artery  and 
i</ae  internal  jugular  vein.  When  it  has  attained 
the  lower  part  of  the  neck,  it  enters  the  chest, 
gliding  behind  the  subclavian  vein,  and  passing 
on  the  right  side,  in  front  of  the  subclavian  ar- 
tery, and,  on  the  left,  before  the  arch  of  the  aorta. 
It  proceeds,  at  first,  backwards,  increasing  in 
size.  Afterwards,  it  passes  from  behind  the  bron- 
chia to  the  oesophagus,  which  it  accompanies 
through  the  diaphragm,  and  terminates  on  the 
stomach.  In  the  neck,  the  pneumogastric  nerve 
annstomoses  with  the  spinal,  glosso-pharyngeal, 
great  hypo-glossal,  and  great  sympathetic  nerves; 
and  furnishes,  1,  a  pharyngeal  branch,  2,  a  supe- 
rior laryngeal,  3,  cardiac  branches.  In  the  chest, 
it  gives  off,  1,  the  inferior  laryngeal  or  recurrent, 
2,  the  pulmonary  plexus,  and,  3,  the  oesophageal 
branches.  On  entering  the  abdomen,  the  oeso- 
phageal branches,  which  terminate  the  pneumo- 
gastric, are  distributed  upon  the  stomach,  and 
^ve  I'.umorous  filaments  to  that  viscus,  to  the 
lici,atic,  cosliac,  gastro-epiploic,  and  solar  plexuses. 


Some  go,  also,  to  the  pancreas,  liver,  gall-blad- 
der, duodenum,  iScc. 

PNEUMOG'RAPHY,  Pneumogra'phia,  from 
Ttvcvyiuiv,  '  the  lung,'  and  ypaipv,  '  a  description,' 
The  part  of  anatomy  that  describes  the  lungs. 

PNEUMOL'OGY,  Pneumolog"ia,  from  irvsufiMv, 
'the  lung,' and  Aoyoy,  'a  discourse.'  An  anato- 
mical treatise  on  the  lungs.  An  anatomical  de- 
scription of  the  lungs. 

PNEUMOMETER,  Spirometer. 
PNEUMOM'ETRY,  Pneumomet'ria,  from  xv£u- 
luav,  '  the  lung,'  and  jicTpuv,  '  measure.'     Measure- 
ment of  the  capacity  of  the  lungs  for  ah*.     See 
Spirometer. 

PNEUMON,  Pulmo. 
PNEUMONALGIA,  Angina  pectoris. 
PNEUMON  ATELECTASIS,  Atelectasis  pul- 
monum. 
PNEUMONECTASIS,Emphysemapulmonum. 
PNEUMONEMPHRAX'IS,  from  wvevni^v,  'tho 
lung,'  and  £f<i/)paf(j,  'obstrucl,.on.'  Congestion  and 
infarction  of  the  lungs. 

PNEUMO'NIA,  Empres'ma/pneumoni'tis,  Plen- 
mo'nia,Peripneumo'nia,  Pneumo'nia  jperipneumo' - 
nia,  Pneumoni'tis,  Pulmo'nia,  Pnlmona'ria,  In- 
flamma'tio  pneumon'ica,  I.  pec'toris  aeu'ta,  I. 
pulmo' num,  Pneumos' tasis,  Pneu'mony,  Peripneu' - 
mony.  Inflammation  of  the  lungs.  Lung-fever  {yv.\- 
ga,rlj),Febris  pneumon'ica,  (F.)  Inflammation  des 
j}oumons,  Fievre  pneumonique,  F.  peripneiimo- 
nique.  Fluxion  de  poitrine.  Inflammation  du  pa- 
renchyme  pulmonaire.  The  chief  symptoms  of 
pneumonia  are  : — pyrexia,  accompanied  by  pain, 
sometimes  obtuse,  at  others  pungent, — in  some 
part  of  the  thorax ;  pulse  more  or  less  quick  and 
hard,  according  to  the  violence  and  extent  of  the 
local  disorder;  pain,  aggravated  by  the  cough, 
which,  with  dyspnoea,  exists  throughout  the  dis- 
ease. At  first,  the  expectoration  is  difSeultand 
painful;  but,  in  the  course  of  a  few  days,  it  be- 
comes free,  and  the  oppression  of  breathing  is 
mitigated.  When  the  inflammation,  instead  .if 
going  off  by  resolution,  passes  on  to  suppuration, 
rigors  are  experienced ;  the  respiration  becomes 
more  oppressed,  but  less  painful,  and  a  sense  of 
weight  is  felt  on  one  of  the  pleurae.  Pneumonia 
may,  also,  terminate  by  gangrene — but  this  rarely 
happens,  —  by  induration  and  by  hepatization. 

Physical  Signs.  First  Stage,  (F.)  Engour^- 
ment.  Diminution  of  the  sound  is  generally  ob- 
served over  the  affected  part  on  percussion  ;  aus- 
cultation exhibits  an  equal,  dry,  crepitating  rale, 
which  is  best  heard  at  the  close  of  a  deep  inspi- 
ration, and  on  coughing.  The  respiratory  mur- 
mur is  intermingled  with  the  crepitant  rale,  or  it  • 
may  be  absent.  In  the  neighbourhood  of  the 
affected  parts  it  is  natural  or  puerile.  The  voice 
and  cough  are  rather  more  resonant  than  usual. 
Second  Stage,  (F.)  Hepatisation  rouge.  When 
hepatization  has  occurred,  the  motion  of  the  af- 
fected side  is  impeded,  and  immediately  above 
the  sternum  and  in  the  corresponding  triangular 
space  on  either  side,  there  is  often  an  evident 
depression.  Percussion  is  dull  over  the  aflectetl 
part  in  every  position  of  the  patient.  On  auscul- 
tation, the  crepitation  is  found  to  be  replaced  by 
bronchial  respiration.  The  respiratory  murmur 
is  louder  in  the  other  portions  of  the  lung,  tho 
voice  and  cough  are  more  resonant,  and  the 
heart's  action  is  more  distinct.  Third  Stage, 
(F.)  Hepatisation  grise.  When  suppuration  su- 
pervenes, the  same  signs  persist;  but  usually  the 
voice  and  cough  are  less  resonant,  and  a  coar:^e, 
mucous  rale  is  heard.  When  gangrenous  or  sup- 
purative cavities  are  formed,  they  present  the 
ordinary  signs. 

The  prognosis  must  be  guarded.    It  is  not  a 


PNEUMONIC 


68S 


PNffiUM 


disease  whicTi  we  can  always  subdue.  Great  ex- 
tent of  inflammation  ;  very  considerable  oppres- 
sion ;  orthopnoea,  and  difficult  expectoration  are 
unfavourable  symptoms.  The  most  active  treat- 
ment is  of  course  necessary.  General  bleeding 
f  .irms  the  sheet-anchor, — employed  so  as  to  make 
n.  decided  impression  on  the  system,  and  repeated, 
if  necessary;  local  blood-letting;  nauseating 
doses  of  antimonials  ;  purgatives  ;  and  when  the 
violence  of  the  inflammation  has  been  got  under, 

—  counter-irritants,  &c.  Chronic  pneumonia 
sometimes  succeeds  the  acute,  and,  at  others, 
occurs  accidentally.  It  must  be  managed  on 
general  princijjles.  Small  bleedings,  especially 
locally ;  and  counter-irritants  of  all  kinds  are 
indicated. 

Pn'edmoxia  Biliosa,  p.  bilious. 

Pneumonia,  BiLious,PHe»?-;io';»"a  hiUo'sa,Pneu- 
tii'icJiolo'sis.  Inflammation  of  the  lungs,  accom- 
panied by  gastric  fever,  and  not  uncommonly  by 
typhoid  symptoms  ;  —  Pneumotyphus,  Pneumo'nia 
tjiiihoV des  seu  typho'des  seu  lypiho'sa,  Putrid,  ty- 
phoid, adynamic,  or  erysipelatous  pneiano'nia. 

Pneumonia,  Erysipelatous,  P.  bilious  —  p. 
Gangrajnosa,  Necropneumonia  —  p.  Hypostatica, 
Pneumonypostasis — p.  Intermittens,  Pneumoty- 
posis — p.  Lobular,  see  Lobular  —  p.  Notha,  Peri- 
pneumonia notha— p.  Pleuritis,  Pleuropneumonia 

—  p.  Putrid,  P.  bilious  —  p.  Typhodes,  P.  bilious 

—  p.  Typhoid,  P.  bilious — p.  Typhosa,  P.  bilious, 
Kecropneumonia — p.  Vesicular,  Bronchitis,  vesi- 
cular. 

PNEUMOXIC.  Pulmonic. 

PNEUMON'ICA.  Diseases  affecting  the  lungs, 
their  membranes  or  motive  power;  characterized 
by  irregular,  impeded,  or  painful  respiration. 
The  second  order  of  the  class  Pneumatica  of 
Good. 

PXEUMONICULA,  diminutive  of  pneumonia. 
A  slight  inflammation  of  the  lung. 

PXEUMONICUS,  Pulmonic. 

PXEUMONIE,  Pneumonia  — p.  Disseminie, 
see  Lobular— p.  Lohulaire,  see  Lobular — p.  Ma- 
ti'elonnee,  see  Lobular. 

PNEUMONIE  BES  AGONISANTS,  Pneu- 
monie  hypostatique.  The  hypersemic  engorge- 
ment, which  takes  place  in  the  limgs  during  the 
last  moments  of  life,  has  been  so  termed.  It 
would  seem  to  be  hypersemia  rather  than  inflam- 
mation. 

PXEUMONIT'IC,  Pneumonit'icus.  Of,  or  be- 
longing to  pneumonitis,  or  inflammation  of  the 
lungs. 

PXEUMOXITIS,  Pneumonia. 

PIsEUMOXOGAECINO'MA,  from  wcvuoiv, 
'the  lung,'  and  KapKivwfia,  'cancer.'  Cancer  of 
the  lun2s.  _ 

PNEUMONOCE'LE,  from  ttved/kcov,  'the  lung,' 
and  K7i\ri,  'rupture.'     Hernia  of  the  lung. 

Pneumonoce'le  Diaphragiiat'ica  IntePv(na. 
Hernia  of  the  lung  through  the  diaphragm. 

Pneumonocele  Exter'na  seu  Thorac"ica, 
Hernia  through  the  parietes  of  the  chest. 

Pseumonocele  Thoracica.  Pn.  externa. 

PXEUMOXGEDEMA,  (Edema  of  the  lungs. 

PNEU.MOXOMELAXOSIS,  see  Melanosis. 

PXEUMOXOPHTHISIS,  Phthisis  pulmonalis. 

PXEUMOXOPHTHOE,  Phthisis  pulmonalis. 

PXEUMOXOPLEURESIS,  Pleuroperipneu- 
monv. 

PXEUMOXOPLEURITIS  ,  Pleuroperipneu- 
aionv. 

PXEUMONORRHAGIA,  Hfemoptysis. 

PXEU?IOXORRH(EA,  Hremoptysis. 

PNEUMOXOSCIR'RHUS,  from  7rv£..,iw..,  'the 
•ucg,'  and  axippos,  'induration.'  Induration  of 
ihe  lungs. 

P.VEUJfOXOSES,  Pneumosea. 


PXEUMOXY,  Pneumonia, 

PNEUMOXYPOS'TASIS,  Pneumo'nia  hypo- 
stat'ica.  Pneumonia  in  a  depending  portion  of 
the  lung,  caused  by  lying  on  the  back. 

PNE  UMOPEBICARDE,  Pneumo  -  pericar- 
dium. 

PXEUMO-PERICARD'IUM,  Pneumo  -perU 
cardi'tis,  (F.)  Pneumo-pericarde,  from  vvev/Aa, 
'air,'  and  ir^ptKapStov,  'pericardium.'  Laenuec 
designates,  under  this  name,  the  effusion  of  air 
into  the  cavity  of  the  pericardium. 

PXEUMOPHTHISIS,  Phthisis  pulmonalis. 

PXEUMOPHYMATA,  Tubercles  of  the  lungs. 

PXEUMOPLEURESIS,  Pleuroperipneumony. 

PXEUMOPTHOE,  Phthisis  pulmonalis. 

PXEUMORRHAGIA,  Ha3moptysis  —  p.  In- 
terna, Hsematothorax. 

PXEUMOSEPSIS,  Xecropneumonia. 

PNEUMOSES,  from  -nvivpi^v,  'the  lung.'  A 
term  under  which  Alibert  comprises  every  mor- 
bid afFeetion  of  the  lungs. 

PXEUMOTHO'RAX,  Pneumatho'rax,  Pneu- 
matotho'rax,  Empjhyse'ma  pec'toris,  Asthma  aeri- 
nm,  A.  emphysemat'iciim,  Dyspnce'a  pneumat'iea, 
D.  physothorac"ica,  Physothorax,  Aerotliorax, 
Aeropleurie  ( Piorry ),  from  -Kvtvfia,  'air,'  and 
^iiipa^,  '  the  thorax.'  An  accumlation  of  air  in 
the  cavity  of  the  pleura.  A  complaint  generally 
sudden  in  its  invasion  and  fatal  in  its  character. 
In  many  instances,  along  with  the  air,  a  liquid  is 
effused, — Hydropneumothorax.  The  disease  may 
be  spontaneous  and  simple,  but  in  a  large  pro- 
portion of  eases  it  is  complicated  with  pleurisy 
and  pulmonary  tubercles.  The  signs  vary  ac- 
cording as  there  is,  or  is  not,  a  communication 
between  the  pleura  and  the  bronchia.  The  af- 
fected side  gives  a  hollow,  t.vmpanitic  sound, 
even  where  the  thickness  of  the  parietes  of  the 
thorax  is  gr«at.  "When  the  effusion  is  consider- 
able, the  affected  side  is  dilated,  but  there  is  no 
rdle  of  any  kind.  When  a  gaseous  and  a  liquid 
effusion  are  present  at  the  same  time,  the  sound 
on  percussion  is  found  to  be  clear  at  the  superior 
part  of  the  thorax,  but  dull  infcriorly  ;  hence,  by 
varying  the  position  of  the  patient,  and  by  con- 
sequence that  of  the  contained  fluids,  the  seats 
of  the  clear  and  the  dull  sound  will  be  varierl. 
When  the  gaseous  effusion  is  owing  to  a  fistulous 
communication  between  the  pleura  and  bronchia, 
the  metallic  respiration  and  resonance  are  heard; 
and  if  there  be  both  gaseous  and  liquid  effusion, 
with  a  fistulous  communication,  in  addition  to 
these  signs  there  is  the  tintcment  metaUiqne.  The 
presence  of  liquid  can  always  be  ascertained  by 
suceussion.     See  Emphrysema  of  the  lungs. 

PXEUMOT'OMT,  Pneumotom'in,  from  rvev- 
fiuiv,  'the  lung,'  and  rc/ivw,  'I  cut.'  Dissection 
of  the  lungs. 

PXEOMOTYPHUS,  Pneumonia,  typhoid. 

PXEUMOTYPO'SIS,  Pneumo'uia  intermif- 
tens,  from  ttwii/juiv,  'the  lung,'  and  tvtto;,  'a 
stamp,  a  type'  Pneumonia  characterized  by 
periodicity. 

PNEUOBIOMAXTIA,  Doeiraasia  pulmonum. 

PXEUSIOBTOGXOSIS,Doeimasiapulraonum. 

PNEUSIOBIOSCOPE,  Docimasia  pulmonum. 

PNEUSIS,  Respiration — p.  Pertussis,  Pertus- 
sis—  p.  Singultus,  Singultus  —  p.  Tussis,  Tussis. 

PXEUSOMETER,  Spirometer. 

PXIGALIOX.  Incubus. 

PNIGMOS,  Orthopno9a,  Strangulation. 

PXIGOPEOBIA,  Angina  pectoris.  Suffocation. 

PNIX,  Orthopnoea,  Strangulation. 

PXOE,  Aura. 

PNCEUM.  A  nostrum  of  Dr.  Sara»iel  Hahne- 
mann, the  founder  of  the  'Homcpopathic  System," 
which  consisted  —  it  is  said  —  of  borax  onlj  ! 


PNOOCOLYTICUS 


689 


POISON 


PNOOCOLYTICUS,  Asthmatic. 

POOHE  BES  EAUX,  see  Liquor  Amnii,  and 
Parturition. 

POCK,  from  Teut.  pocca,  'poeh  or  little 
pouch.'     A  pustule  of  smallpox. 

Pock,  Kine,  Vaccina. 

POCKFRETTBN,  see  Pockmark. 

POCKHOLE,  Pockmark. 

POCKMARK,  Pochhole,  Scrohic'ulm  Vori'oIcB, 
Ciea'trix  VarwloB.  The  mark  or  j^^^  oi"  pHting 
left  from  a  smallpox  pustule.  One  pitted  with 
smallpox  is  said  to  be  poclcfretten. 

POCKY.  Infected  with,  or  appertaining  to, 
or  resembling,  smallpox  or  syphUis. 

POC'ULUM  ABSINTHIA'TUM.  This  was 
regarded,  in  remote  ages,  as  a  wholesome  beve- 
rage ;  the  aheinthium,  or  '  wormwood,'  being  sup- 
posed to  act  as  an  antidote  to  drunkenness. 

PocrLUM  AiiATORiUM,  Philter  —  p.  Diogenis, 
Palm  —  p.  Emeticum,  Goblet,  emetic. 

POD'AGRA,  Podarthri'tis,  Podorrheu'ma,  Po- 
dal'gia,  from  -novg,  'the  foot,'  and  ay/)a,  'seizure.' 
Pain  which  attacks  the  feet.  Gout,  situate  in  the 
articulations  of  the  foot.  It  has,  also,  been  used 
in  a  more  extensive  signification  synonymously 
with  gout. 

Podagra  Aberraxs,  Gout,  (wandering)  —  p. 
Arthi-itis,  Gout  —  p.  Retrograda,  Gout,  (retro- 
grade.) 

PODAGRARIA,  Ligusticum  podagraria  —  p. 
^gopodium,  Ligusticum  podagraria. 

PODAGRIC,  Podag'rical,  Podag'ricus,  Ar- 
tJirit'icns,  ArtJirit'ic,  Gouty,  (F.)  Goiitteux.  Re- 
lating or  belonging  to  gout.     Affected  with  gout. 

PODALGIA,  Gout,  Podagra. 

PODALYRIA  TINCTORIA,  Sophoratinctoria. 

PODANENCEPHALIA,  see  Podencephalus. 

POD  ARTHRITIS,  Podagra. 

PODARTHROC'ACE,  from  rouf,  'the  foot,' 
ap^pov,  •■  an  articulation,'  and  kukos,  '  bad.'  Caries 
of  the  articulation  of  the  foot. 

PODENCBPHALIA,  see  Podencephalus. 

PODENCEPH'ALUS,  Podanenceph'alus,  from 
rouj,  'the  foot,'  and  ke^uXj/,  'the  head.'  A  mon- 
ster whose  brain  is  placed  outside  the  skull,  and 
seems  to  be  supported  on  a  pedicle,  which  tra- 
verses the  summit  of  the  skull.  This  state  of 
monstrosity  is  termed  Podanencepha'h'n,  or  more 
properly.  Podencepha'lia. —  G.  St.  Hilaire. 

PODEX.  Anus. 

PODCE'MA;  from  ttou?,  'foot,'  and  oiSrina,  'a, 
swelling.'     OSdema  of  the  foot. 

P0D0L'0GY,Po(?o?o5r";«,from  vovs.  'the  foot,' 
and  Xoyo;,  '  a  discourse.'  A  description  of  the 
foot.     A  treatise  on  the  foot. 

PODOPHYL'LUM  PELTA'TUM,  PodopJiyV- 
Imn,  AnapodopJiyW um  Canadense,  May-apple, 
Mandrake.  Family,  Podophylleae.  Sex.  Syst. 
PolyandriaMonogynia.  A  common  plant  through- 
out North  America.  The  fruit  is  eatable,  and 
esteemed  by  many.  The  leaves  are  said  to  be 
poisonous.  The  root  or  rhizoma,  Podo2)hyllum 
(Ph.  U.  S.).  is  purgative  in  the  dose  of  20  grains. 
It  has  also  been  used  as  an  anthelmintic. 

Podophyllum  Mosta'num,  3fovntain  May-ap- 
ple, Mandrake,  Wild  Lemon,  Ducksfoot,  Raccoon 
Berry,  Yellow  Berry,  Ground  Lemon,  has  the 
same  properties. 

PODORRHEUMA.  Podagra. 

PODOTIIE'CA,  from  ttoxh,  'a  foot,'  and  erjKv, 
'a  receptacle,  a  sheath.'  The  cuticle  of  the  foot. 
An  anatomical  preparation.  Chirothe'ca,  has  been 
used  for  the  cuticle  of  the  hand. 

POELETTE,  Cup. 

POE'PHAGUS  ;  from  ttoj?,  or  roa,  'a  plant,  an 
herb,' and  ^ayu,  'I  eat.'  One  who  subsists  on 
herbs  or  vegetables.  The  act  of  subsisting  or 
44 


feeding  on  herbs  or  vegetables  is  called  Po?p7ia^"- 
ia.     Hence  Strabo  calls  the  Irish  i!ori<fiayoi. 

POGON,  Beard. 

POGONI'ASIS,  Pogo'nict,  from  iruycov,  'the 
beard.'  A  female  beard.  Also,  great  strength 
or  quantity  of  beard.  A  female  having  a  beard 
—  Vira'go. 

POGO'NIUM,  diminutive  of  -ratyiav,  'beard.' 
A  weak  or  small  beard. 

POHON  ANTIAR,  Upas. 

POT.  A  favourite  aliment  in  the  Sandwich 
Islands.  It  is  a  sort  of  paste  made  from  the  root 
of  the  Kalo — Arum  esciden'tnm. 

POLES  ET  ME  SURE  S,  "Weights  and  mea- 
sures. , 

POTGNEE,  Manipulus. 

POLGNET,  Carpus. 

POIL,  Hair. 

POILETTE,  Cup. 

POLLS,  see  Typha  latifolia. 

POING,  Fist. 

POLNT,  Stitch. 

Point,  IJlistering.  A  name  given  by  Dr. 
Rush  to  an  indeterminate  period  in  the  course  of 
a  continued  fever,  intermediate  between  the  stages 
of  high  excitement  and  collapse,  in  which  blis- 
ters will — he  thought — usually  produce  unequi- 
vocally good  effects.    ^ 

POINT  BE  COTE,  Pleurodynia. 

POLNTSLACR  Y3IA  rar,Lachrymaliaruneta. 

POIRE,  see  Pyrus  communis. 

POIRE AU,  Allium  porrum. 

POIRIER,  Pyrus  communis. 

POLS,  Pisum — p.  a  Cauth-e,  see  Fonticuhis  — 
p.  Chiche,  Cicer  arietinum — p.  OuUive,  Pisum  — 
p.  d  Gratter,  Dolichos  pruriens — p.  Patate,  Doli- 
chos  tuberosus. 

POISON,  Phar'macon,  Phar'macnm,  Tox'ieum, 
Vene'num,  Virus,  Belete' riiim,  Venena'tion,  (F.) 
Poison.  A  generic  name  for  all  substances  which, 
when  introduced  into  the  animal  economy,  either 
by  cutaneous  absorption,  respiration,  or  the  di- 
gestive canal,  act  in  a  noxious  manner  on  the 
vital  properties  or  the  texture  of  organs.  Hence 
we  speak  of  fever  poison,  cholera  poison,  <fee.. 
Poisons  exist  in  the  three  kingdoms  of  nature  :: 
but  those  which  proceed  from  animals  are  often' 
called  venoms,  as  the  venom  of  the  viper,  scor- 
pion, tarantula,  &c. ;  whilst  those  that  are  the 
products  of  disease  have  the  name  vin<s.  In 
common  parlance,  therefore,  poison  is  restricted 
to  deleterious  articles,  furnished  by  the  mineral 
and  vegetable  kingdoms.  Orfila  has  divided  poi- 
sons into  four  classes.  1.  Acrid,  Ir'ritating, 
CoRRO'sivE,  or  Escharot'ic,  such  as  the  concen- 
trated acids  and  alkalies ;  mercurial,  arseniaeal, 
cupreous,  and  antimonial'  compounds,  cauthari- 
des,  &c.  2.  Narcot'ic,-  those  that  act  particu- 
larly upon  the  brain  ;  as  hyoscyamus,  opium,  <fcc., 
but  without  inflaming  the  organ  with  which  they 
come  ia  contact.  3.  Narcot'ico-Acrib  or  Acro- 
narcot'ic  ; — those  that  act  on  the  brain,  but,  at 
the  same  time,  irritate  the  parts  to  which  they 
are  applied ;  as  aconite,  belladonnai,  &c.  4.  Sep- 
tic or  Putres'cent  ;  —  those  furnished  by  the 
animal  kingdom.  See  Venom  and  Virus.  Va- 
rious classifications,  of  a  similar  character,  have 
been  recommended  b.Y  different  toxicologists  :  but 
they  are  liable  to  the  objection,  that  they  throw 
substances  together  whose  physiological  action 
on  the  system  is  very  different.  It  is,  indeed, 
difficult  to  avoid  unnatural  compression  of  mat 
ters  into  places  not  properly  belonging  to  them, 
in  all  such  arrangements. 

The  following  table,  which  exhibits  a  coup  d'-xil 
of  the  chief  poisons,  with  most  of  the  circum- 
stances of  importance  connected  with  their,  ji 
not  free  from  these  objections. 


POISONS 


690 


POISONS 


TABLE    EXHIBITING   THE   SYMPTOMS,  TREATMENT,  AND  MODE   OF   DETECTINO 
'      THE  VARIOUS  POISONS,  MINERAL,  VEGETABLE  AND  ANIMAL. 

N.  B.  In  all  cases  the  Stomach-Pump  should  be  used  as  soon  as  possible. 

I.  INORGANIC    POISONS. 


Poisons. 


ACIDS. 

Acetic  Acid. 

Citric  Arid. 

Muriatic  Acid. 

J\ritric  Acid. 

Sulphuric  Acid. 

Tartaric  Acid. 

Oxalic  Acid. 


Symptoms. 


Treatment. 


Prussic  Acid. 

Oil  of  Bitter  Al- 
monds. 

Laurel  Water. 


The  acids,  generally,  are 
strong  corrosive  poisons. 
Sour,  acrid  taste,  burning 
in  the  throat,  which  is  in- 
creased by  pressure,  swal- 
lowing, or  coughinsr;  eruc- 
tation, and  excruciating 
pain  in  the  stomach;  more 
or  less  corrugation  of  the 
lining  membranes  of  the 
mouth  and  prima  vise;  ex- 
coriation about  the  mouth 
or  such  other  parts  of  the 
skin  as  the  acid  may  have 
touched.  The  matter  vo- 
mited effervesces  with  car- 
bonate of  lime.  The  coun- 
tenance becomes  glazed,  ex- 
tremities cold  and  clammy ; 
convulsions  and  death.  Ni- 
tric acid  occasions  yellow 
stains,  and  sulphuric  acid, 
black. 


Is  a  sedative  poison  ;  nau- 
sea, giddiness,  debility,  hur- 
ried pulse,  weight  and  pain 
in  the  head  ;  eructations 
having  the  flavour  of  the 
acid  ;  spasms,  tetanus,  con- 
tractile pupil;  convulsions, 
death. 


Tests. 


Tlie  carbonates  of  soda, 
potassa,  lime  and  magne- 
sia, are  all  antidotes  to  the 
acids;  calcined  magnesia 
also.  They  are  to  be  used 
with  the  following  restric- 
tions: for  the  acetic,  citric, 
muriatic,  sulphuric,  and 
tartaric  acids,  they  may  be 
used  indiscriminately.  For 
the  nitric  and  o.xalic,  car- 
bonates of  magnesia  and 
lime  can  alone  be  employed 
wiili  safety.  In  the  case  of 
sulphuric  acid,  water  siiould 
not  be  drunk,  on  account 
of  the  great  heat  which  is 
produced  by  their  mixture. 
Subsequent  inflammation 
to  be  treated  by  ordinary 
means. 

The  carbonates  of  the  al- 
kalies and  of  magnesia  and 
lime  have  the  inconve- 
nience, that  a  large  quan- 
tity of  sas  is  extricated  in 
the  stomach. 

Ammonia  is  an  antidote,' 
hut  it  should  not  be  em- 
ployed in  a  very  cnncen- 
Itrated  form.  Liquid  chlo- 
rine has  also  been  found 
efficacious.  The  cold  doucAe 
to  the  head  lias  been  re- 
commended. 


ALKALIES  and 
their  SALTS. 

Ammoni.*., 

Strong  Liquor  or 

Water  of. 

Muriate  of  Am- 
monia or  Sal 
Ammoniac. 

Potassa.. 

Caustic  Potassa, 
and  Liquor  Po- 
tassa:. 

Carhonate  of  Po- 
tassa., or  Pearl 
Ash.,  and  Salt 
of  Tartar. 

3V%trale  of  Potas- 
sa or  Saltpetre. 

■  Snlphurct  of  Po- 
tassium or  Li- 
ver of  Sulphur. 


Sulphuric  acid  is  known  by  a 
white  precipitate  with  any  salt 
of  baryta,  insoluble  in  nitric  acid. 

Muriatic  acid  is  known  by  a 
white  precipitate  with  nitrate  of 
silver,  insoluble  in  nitric  acid, 
which  turns  black  by  the  action 
of  light. 

J\''itric  acid  gives  rise  to  orange- 
coloured  fumes,  when  copper  is 
placed  in  it.  and  an  ability  to 
dissolve  gold  when  mixed  with 
muriatic  acid. 

Acetic  acid  exhales  the  odour  of 
vinegar. 

Citric  nc!(f  blackens-when  heated. 

Tartaric  acid  precipitates  crys- 
tals, with  a  solution  of  potassa  : 
and  a  white  precipitate  is  thrown 
down  by  lime-water. 

Oxalic  acid  gives  a  white  preci- 
pitate with  lime-water,  which, 
when  heated,  is  converted  into 
carbonate  of  lime. 


Prussic  acid  exhales  the  odour 
of  peach-kernels;  forms  a  white 
precipirate  with  nitrate  of  silver 
neutralized  with  an  alkali,  gives 
a  blue  precipitate  with  the  per- 
salts  of  iron. 


Violent,  caustic,  a»rid 
taste;  great  heat  in  the 
throat,  with  destruction  of 
its  lining  membrane;  diffi- 
cult and  painful  degluti- 
tion; vomiting  of  bloody 
matter,  which  turns  the 
yellow  of  turmeric  brown  ; 
acute  pain  in  the  stomach; 
cold  sweats,  weakness,  hic- 
cough ;  violent  colic  pains, 
with  purging  of  bloody 
stools  and  membranous 
flakes;  death. 


The  nitrate  of  potassa 
will  not  manifest  the  effect 
with  turmeric  paper.  The 
carbonates,  when  vomited, 
will  effervesce  with  acids; 
and  the  liver  of  sulphur 
will  give  rise  to  eructations 
of  sulphuretted  hydrogen. 


EARTHS      and 
COMPOUNDS. 

Bartta. 

Car'yvale  of  Ba- 
ryta. 

Chloride   of    Ba- 
rium. 

^Titrate    of   Ba- 
ryt.'.. 


The  vegetable  acids,  such 
as  vinesar,  lemon  juice, 
citric  and  tartaric  acid  in 
solution  are  antidotes  to 
the  alkalies  and  their  car- 
bonates. The  fixed  oils, 
such  as  castor,  linseed,  al- 
mond and  olive,  form  soaps 
with  the  free  alkalies,  and 
therefore  destroy  their  caus- 
tic effects. 


Poisoning  by  nitrate  of 
potassa  to  lie  treated  on  ge- 
neral antiphlogistic  princi- 
ples; mucilaginous  drinks. 

Liver  of  sulphur  is  said 
to  be  decomposed  and  neu- 
tralized by  common  salt. 
The  liquid  chloride  of  soda 
will  also  decompose  it. 


Analogous  to  those  of 
the  corrosive  metals  Vio- 
lent burning  in  the  sto- 
mach, vomit  ins;,  gripes, 
diarrhoea  ;  excessive  mus- 
cular debility,  headache, 
convulsions  death.  I.iuie 
differs  from  baryta  in  being 
a  pure  irritant. 


The  alkalies  are  known  by 
their  action  on  turmeric  paper: 
restoring  the  colour  of  litmus, 
which  has  been  reddened  by  an 
acid. 

Carbonates  are  known  by  their 
effervescence  with  an  acid;  some 
of  them  affect  the  turmeric  paper 
Sal  ammoniac  gives  out  the  pun- 
gent odour  of  ammonia,  when 
mixed  with  quicklime. 


Nitrate  of  potassa  decrepitates 
and  deflagrates  when  thrown  on 
hot  coals. 

Liver  of  sulphur  emits  the  odour 
of  sulphuretted  hydrogen  when 
dissolved,  or  when  treated  with 
an  acid. 


The  sulphates  of  soda 
and  majnfsia  are  prompt 
and  effictive  antidotes  to 
all  the  jKiisonoiis  salts  of 
baryta.  Phosphate  of  soda 
will  also  counteract  their 
eff  cts.  I.ime  may  be  neu- 
tralized by  dilute  acids. 
Carbonic  aritl.  in  soda-wa- 
ter, effervescing  dr-iucht  or 
yeast,  it  is  supposed,  would 
answer  a  sood  jiurpose. 
The  fixed  oils  may  be  em- 
ployed either  for  baryta  or 
lime,  when  not  in  a  com- 
pound state. 


Baryta  and  its  salts  invariably 
give  a  white  precipitate,  insoluble 
in  acid,  with  a  soluble  sulphate, 

Lime,  when  dissolved,  gives  a 
while  precipitate  wit  box  a  lie  acid. 
Also  with  carbonic  acid  or  a 
sohihle  carbonate.  The  same  of 
baryta. 


POISONS 


691 


POISONS 


Poisons. 


ALCOHOL. 

Brandy.  Wines, 
and  all  Spirit- 
twus  Liquors. 


Symptoms. 


Intoxication,  and  when 
taken  very  freely,  complete 
insensibility,  with  apo- 
plexy or  paralysis  of  one 
side;  the  countenance  swol- 
len and  of  a  dark-red  co- 
lour; the  breathing  diffi- 
cult, and  often  stertorous, 
with  a  peculiar  puffing  out 
of  the  lips;  the  breath  smells 
of  liquor,  which  will  dis- 
tinguish the  symptoms  from 
those  of  spontaneous  apo- 
plexy. 


Treatment. 


Creasote. 

DippeVs  Animal 
Oil. 


Oilof  Turpentine. 
Fusel  Oil. 


GASES. 

Carbonic  Acid,  or 
Fixed  Air. 

Carbonic  Oxide. 

Fumes  of  Burn- 
ing Charcoal. 

Chlorine. 

Sulphuretted  Hy- 
drogen. 


IODINE. 


Iodide  of   Potas- 
sium. 


METALS. 

Antimony. 

Tartar  Emetic. 

Chloride,  or  But- 
ter of  Antimony. 

Oxide    of    Anti- 
mony. 


General  action,  that  of 
irritant  poisons.  Burning 
pain,  vomiting,  pungent 
taste,  purging,  &c.  The  oils 
of  turpentine  and  tobacco 
affect  the  nervous  system  ; 
the  peculiar  odour  of  each 
oil  will  be  manifested  in 
the  matter  vomited. 


A  powerful  emetic  of 
white  vitriol,  or  tartar  eme- 
tic, should  be  got  into  the 
stomach  as  soon  as  possi- 
ble ;  and  if  the  person  has 
lost  the  power  of  swallow- 
ing, a  flexible  catheter  or 
tube  should  be  the  means  of 
conveying  it  thither.  The 
vomiting  should  be  encou- 
raged as  much  as  possible 
with  warm  water;  and  large 
and  active  glysters  of  salt 
and  water  should  be  thrown 
up.  The  patient  should  be 
placed  erect,  and  if  the 
countenance  and  other  ap- 
pearances be  not  improved 
after  these  means  have  been 
used,  the  jugular  vein  may 
be  opened,  and  cold  wet 
cloths  applied  to  the  head, 
particularly  if  the  body  be 
hotter  than  natural.  If  the 
extremities  become  cold. 
warmth  and  friction  should 
be  perseveringly  used. 


Tests. 


Chlorine  produces,  when 
inhaled,  violent  irritation 
of  the  organs  of  respira- 
tion ;  cough,  bloody  expec- 
toration, inflammation  of 
the  lungs,  and  permanent 
pulmonary  disease.  The 
other  gases,  although  pro- 
ducing some  effect  on  the 
respiratory  organs,  act  as 
poisons,  in  consequence  of 
their  sedative  agency.  The 
symptoms,  therefore,  are 
those  of  apoplexy,  or  nar- 
cotic poisoning. 


Irritant  symptoms ;  burn- 
ing pain  in  the  throat,  lace- 
rating pain  in  the  stomach, 
and  fruitless  efforts  to  vo- 
mit ;  suffusion  of  the  eyes ; 
excessive  pain  and  tender- 
ness of  the  epigastrium. 


Vomitins.  If  vomiting 
do  not  occur  promptly,  vio- 
lent irritant  effects  are 
produced.  Burning  pain  in 
the  pit  of  the  stomach ; 
Purging;  colicky  pains, 
sense  of  tightness  in  the 
throat,  violent  cramps;  re- 
peated recurrence  of  vomit- 
ing. 


Creasote  is  immediately 
coasulated  by  albumen 
Dippel's  animal  oil  may  be 
counteracted  with  dilute 
acids  and  the  fixed  oils. 
The  other  oils  have  no  par- 
ticular antidotes,  and  their 
effects  must,  therefore,  be 
counteracted  upon  general 
principles. 


The  antidotes  to  chlorine 
are  the  cautious  inhalation 
of  ammonia,  or  sulphuret- 
ted hydrogen.  The  inflam- 
matory symptoms  from 
chlorine  to  be  treated  on 
general  principles.  For  the 
other  gases,  cold  affnsioiis 
to  the  head,  blood-letting, 
artificial  respiration. 


Iodine  combines  with 
starch,  and  forms  an  insolu- 
ble compound.  The  prompt 
administration  of  starch, 
wheat  flour,  or  other  vege- 
table matter  containing  fe- 
cula,  beat  up  in  water,  is 
recommended.  Iodide  of 
potassium  has  no  antidote. 
Vomiting  should  be  pro- 
moted by  draughts  of  warm 
v;ater,  and  inflammation  be 
subdued  by  general  treat- 
ment. 


If  vomiting  have  not  been 
produced,  it  should  be 
brought  about  by  tickling 
the  fauces,  and  adminis- 
tering copious  draughts  of 
warm  water.  Astringent 
infusions,  such  as  of  galls, 
oak  biirk.  Peruvian  bark, 
act  as  antidotes,  and  should 
be  given  promptly;  pow- 
dered yellow  bark  may  be 
used,  until  the  infusion  is 
prepared. 


No  better  mode  of  recognizing 
these  substances  exists,  than  thai 
derived  from  their  peculiar  odour. 
Dippel's  oil  has  the  pungent  odour 
of  ammonia  ;  creasote  and  oil  of 
tar,  a  peculiar  smell  of  smoke; 
the  odour  of  tobacco  and  turpen- 
tine are  well  known;  and  fusel 
oil  has  a  peculiar,  offensive,  suf- 
focating odour. 


Chlorine  is  recognized  by  its 
peculiar  odour  and  bleaching  pro- 
perties. Sulphuretted  hydrogen, 
by  its  fetid  smell,  and  the  rapid 
blackening  of  lead.  Carbonic 
acid,  by  its  occasioning  turbid- 
ness  in  lime-water  placed  in  its 
atmosphere.  Carbonic  oxide,  by 
the  blue  colour  of  its  flame. 


Iodine  is  known  by  its  odour, 
and  the  formation  of  a  blue  pre- 
cipitate, when  bro'iuht  in  contact 
with  a  cold  solution  of  starch. 
Iodide  of  potassium  gives  a  crys- 
talline precipitate,  with  tartaric 
acid  in  e.\cess.  The  supernatant 
fluid  will  give  the  blue  colour  to 
starch. 


Antimony  in  solution  is  beH 
distinguished  by  the  peculiar 
orange-red  precipitate,  which  it 
fornjs  with  sulphuretted  hydro- 
gen or  solutions  of  the  hydrosul- 
phates.  Free  alkalies  produce 
while  precipitntps.  The  muriate 
is  known  by  a  w  hite  precipitate, 
when  it  is  poured  into  water. 
In  its  solid  forms,  it  may  be  known 
by  the  formation  of  white  fumes, 
when  heated,  which  redden  lit- 
mus. It  may  also  be  converted 
into  chloride,  and  then  precipi- 
tated by  adding  water. 


POISONS 


692 


POISONS 


Poisons. 

Arsenic. 

Arsenious    Acid, 
or  While  Arsenic. 

Orpiment,  or  Yel- 
ioio  Sulphuret 
of  Arsenic. 

King's  Yellcne. 

Realgar,  or  Red 
Sulphuret  of 
Arsenic. 

Fly  Powder. 

Fowler's  Solution. 

Arsenical  Paste. 

Arsenical  Soap. 

Arsenite  of  Cop- 
per, 
ScheeWs  Qreen. 


UlSMCTH. 

mtrate    of  Bis- 
muth. 

Pearl  Powder. 

Oxide  of  Bismuth. 

Copper. 
Sulphate  of  Copper 

Blue  Vitriol. 
Scetate  of  Copper, 

yerdigris. 
Carbonate  of  Cop- 
per, 
Blue  Verditer. 
Arsenile  of  Copper 
ScheeWs  Orcen. 
Food     cooked    in 
dirt?/ copper  ves- 
sels,  or  pickles 
made  green   by 
copper. 


Symptoms. 


Violent  burning  pain  in 
the  region  of  the  stomach 
and  bowels;  tenderness  on 
pressure;  retching:  vomit- 
ing; sense  of  dryness  and 
tightness  in  the  throat ; 
thirst;  hoarseness  and  diffi- 
culty of  speech;  the  matter 
vomited,  greenish  or  yel- 
lowish, sometimes  streaked 
with  blood;  diarrhoea;  te- 
nesmus; sometimes  excori- 
ation of  the  anus;  urinary 
organs  occasionally  affected 
with  violent  burning  pains 
and  suppression  ;  convul- 
sions and  cramps;  clammy 
sweats;  lividity  of  the  ex- 
tremities ;  countenance  col- 
lapsed ;  eyes  red  and  spar- 
kling; delirium;  death. 


Similar  to  those  produced 
from  other  irritant  poisons. 
General  inflammation  of 
the  whole  alimentary  canal; 
suppression  of  urine ;  hic- 
cough, disagreeable  metal- 
lic taste ;  vomiting;  cramps ; 
delirium:  death. 


Treatment. 


The  hydrated  peroxide  of 
iron  diffused  through  wa- 
ter ;  or  the  precipitated  car- 
bonate; or  the  rubigo  ferri, 
in  very  fine  powder,  to  be 
administered  every  five  or 
ten  minutes,  until  relief  is 
obtained.  This  is  particu- 
larly efiicacious  when  the 
white  arsenic  has  been  swal- 
lowed. If  the  arsenic  have 
been  taken  in  the  form 
of  Fowler's  Solution,  lime- 
water,  in  copious  draughts, 
may  be  given.  For  either 
of  the  other  forms,  emetics 
of  sulphate  of  zinc;  dilu- 
ents; demulcents,  such  as 
flaxseed  tea,  infusion  of 
slippery  elm.  Sec.  Counter- 
irritants  may  be  used  to  re- 
lieve the  spasm,  and  violent 
pain  in  the  stomach.  Bleed- 
ing, as  promoting  absorp- 
tion, should  not  be  em- 
ployed until  the  stomach  is 
completely  evacuated. 


Milk,  and  sweet  mucila- 
ginous drinks  are  recom- 
mended. Leeches,  general 
bleeding;  glysters;  fomen- 
tations to  be  employed  on 
the  general  principles  of 
treatment  for  inflammatory 
symptoms. 


Very  similar  to  those  pro-  Albumen  to  be  adminis 
duced  by  arsenic.  Coppery  i  tered  in  either  of  its  forms 
eructations  and  taste.  Fa- i  which  can  be  most  readily 
tal  cases  are  generally  ter-  [  obtained,  as  milk  or  whites 
minated     by    convulsions, !  of  eggs.     Vinegar    should 


palsy,  insensibility. 


not  be  given.  The  inflam- 
matory symptoms  are  to  be 
treated  on  general  princi- 
ples, and  so  of  the  nervous. 


Tests. 


If  the  suspected  substance  can 
be  obtained  free  from  organic 
matter,  the  presence  of  arsenic 
may  readily  be  shown  by  boiling 
it  in  distilled  water,  filtering,  and 
testing  with,  1st.  Ammoniaco- 
sulphate  of  copper.  2d.  Ammo- 
niaco-nilrate  of  silver.  (Hume's 
Test)  3d.  Sulphuretted  hydrogen 
gas.  Thefirst  will  produce  a ^reen 
precipitate;  second,  a  pale  yellow 
precipitate;  third,  a  bright  yellow 
precipitate,  if  arsenic  be  present. 
A  portion  of  the  powder,  or  one  of 
these  precipitates,  carefully  and 
thoroughly  dried,  is  then  to  be 
mixed  with  charcoal  and  exsic- 
cated carbonate  of  soda,  to  be 
placed  in  a  small  glass  tube,  closed 
at  one  end,  and  then  to  be  heated 
to  a  red  heat  in  the  flame  of  a 
lamp.  The  arsenic  will  be  re- 
duced, and  sublime  in  the  upper 
part  of  the  tube,  forming  a  dark 
crust,  having  considerable  lustre 
on  its  exterior  surface,  resem- 
bling polished  steel.  By  gently 
heating  this  crust  in  a  very  small 
flame,  crystals  of  white  arsenic 
will  be  formed,  having  a  high 
adamantine  lustre. 

If  organic  matter  be  present,  it 
must  be  entirely  destroyed,  by 
heating  the  substance  with  nitro- 
niuriatic  acid.  After  this  has  been 
done,  and  a  clear,  transparent  so- 
lution in  distilled  water  has  been 
obtained,  the  subsequent  process 
is  as  above  indicated.  Ifarsenious 
acid  be  submitted  to  the  action 
of  nascent  hydrogen,  it  is  deox- 
idized, and  the  metallic  arsenic, 
thereby  obtained,  combining  with' 
hydrogen,  forms  arsenuretted  hy-  j 
drogen  gas.     (Marsh's  Test.) 

Add  to  a  suspected  solution  a- 
few  drops  of   pure  chlorohydric 
acid,  and  place  in  it  a  slip  of  bright 
copper;   no  change  occurs  until! 
the  liquid  is  brought  to  the  boiling  i 
point,  when,  if  arsenic  be  present,  I 
even  in  small  quantity,  the  copper 
acquires    an    iron-gray    coating, 
from   the  deposit   of  that  metal. 
Remove  the  slip  of  copper;  wash 
it  in  water,  dry  it  and  gradually 
heat  it  in  a  reduction  tube,  when 
arsenions   acid  will  be  sublimed 
in    minute   octohedral    crystals. 
The  test  succeeds  with  powdered 
arsenic, the  arsenites,  arsenic  acid, 
the  arseniates,  and  orpiment.     It 
will   even    separate   the   arsenic 
from  arsenite  of  copper,  and  from 
common  lead-shot.  Reinsch'sTsst, 

Bismuth  is  known  by  the  forma- 
tion of  a  white  precipitate,  when 
its  solution  in  nitric  acid  is 
poured  into  water;  and  by  the 
formation  of  a  black  precipitate 
with  sulphuretted  hydrogen  gas, 
and  bydrosulphates  in  solution. 

The  presence  of  copper  is  rea- 
dily shown  in  soUiiions.  By 
ammonia  a  beautiful  bluish  preci- 
pitate is  thrown  down,  which 
dissolves  in  an  excess  of  the  pre- 
cipitant, and  the  solution  has  a 
rich  blue  colour.  A  brisht  iron 
bar,  introduced  into  solutions  of 
copper,  occasions  the  separation 
of  the  copper,  in  a  metallic  form, 
which  deposits  itself  upon  the 
iron. 


POISONS 


693 


POISONS 


Poisons. 


SVMPTOMS. 


Gold. 
Chloride  of  Oold. 


Fulminating 
Oold. 


Iron. 

Sulphate  of  Iron, 

Copperas, 

Oreen  Vitriol. 

Chloride  qf  Iron,. 


Lead. 

Acetate  of  Lead, 

Sugar  of  Lead. 

Carbonate  of  Lead, 

White  Lead. 

Red  Oxide,  or  Red 

Lead. 

Litharge. 

Wines  sweetened 

by  Lead. 
Water  which  has 
been  kept  i 
Leaden  vessels. 
Acid  food,  cooked, 
or  left  standing 
sre  vessels  glazed 
with  Lead, 

Mercory. 

Corrosive    SubK- 

mate. 

Cyanide  of  Mer- 
cury. 

JVitrate  of  Mer- 
cury. 

WkitePrecipitate. 

Red  Oxide,  or  Red 
Precipitate. 

Sulphate,  or  Tur- 
bith  Mineral. 

F'erm.ilion,OT  Red 
Sulphur  et. 


Silver. 
JVitrate  of  Silver, 
or  Lunar  Caus- 
tic. 


Treatment. 


Very  analogous  to  those 
of  other  irritant  poisons. 
This  substance  communi- 
cates a  pink  stain  to  the 
flesh,  and  patches  of  that 
colour  may  be  found  about 
the  lips,  and  inside  the 
mouth. 

Symptoms  of  irritant  poi- 
soning; colic  pains,  con- 
slRntvomiting  and  purging. 
Violent  pain  in  the  throat, 
tension  of  the  epigastrium, 
coldtiess  of  the  skin,  and 
feebleness  of  the  pulse. 


Irritation  of  the  alimen- 
tary canal;  spasm;  nervous 
symptoms;  paralysis,  either 
partial  or  complete.  When 
taken  for  some  time,  in 
small  quantity,  violent  and 
obstinate  colic;  rigidity  of 
abdominal  muscles, cramps; 
remission  of  pain  ;  obsti- 
nate constipation,  urine  di- 
minished, saliva  increased ; 
countenance  anxious  and 
gloomy.  If  relief  be  not 
promptly  obtained,  giddi- 
ness, debility,  torpor,  coma, 
convulsions  and  death.  The 
paralysis  affects  generally 
the  upper  extremities. 

Violent  symptoms  of  irri- 
tant poisoning;  harsh  me- 
tallic astringent  taste;  burn- 
ing pain  in  the  stomach; 
vomiting  and  purging  fre- 
quently of  bloody  matter; 
often  irritation  of  the  uri- 
nary organs,  and  sometimes 
suppression  ;  tightness  and 
burnini  in  the  throat,  occa- 
sionally so  great  as  to  pre- 
vent speech;  countenance 
not  always  pale,  but  some- 
times flushed;  tendency  to 
doze  ;  stupor,  convulsions 
and  death. 


Those  of  other  irritant 
poisons. 


Tests. 


Tin. 

Chloride  of  Tin. 
Solution   of   Tin, 

used  by  Dyers. 
Oxide  of  Tin,  or 

Putty  Powder. 

Zinc. 

Oxide  of  Zinc. 

Sulphate  of  Zinc, 
White  Vitriol. 

Acetate  of  Zinc. 


The  salts  of  gold  are  de- 
composed by  sulphate  of 
iron  ;  and  this  has,  there- 
fore, been  recommended  as 
an  antidote.  Inflammatory 
symptoms  to  be  treated  on 
general  principles. 


Carbonate  of  soda  would 
be  a  most  excellent  anti- 
dote to  either  of  these 
substances.  Mucilaginous 
drinks  might  also  be  em- 
ployed; and  particular  symp- 
toms relieved  by  general 
treatment. 

Sulphate  of  magnesia  and 
phosphate  of  soda  are  both 
good  antidotes  for  the  solu- 
ble salts  of  lead.  For  the 
solid  forms,  dilute  sulphuric 
acid  may  be  drunk.  These 
are  applicable  to  the  irri- 
tant forms  of  poisoning  by 
lead.  In  the  chronic  form, 
or  colica  pictonum,  purga- 
tives and  anodynes  are  re- 
sorted to ;  venesection  ;  and 
external  applications  to  re- 
lieve the  cramps.  The  use 
of  strychnia  is  recommended 
for  the  paralysis. 


Albumen,  in  some  form, 
must  be  promptly  adminis- 
tered; either  white  of  eggs 
beaten  up  with  water,  milk, 
or  wheat  flour  beaten  up. 
The  inflammatory  symp- 
toms to  be  counteracted  by 
the  usual  means.  Gold, 
finely  mixed  in  dust,  with 
fine  iron  filings.  (?) 


Chloride  of  gold  is  very  readily 
decomposed,  and  the  gold  sepa- 
rated in  a  metallic  state.  Proto- 
sulphate  of  iron,  nitrate  of  silver 
and  protochloride  of  tin,  all  an- 
swer this  purpose.  The  precipi- 
tated powder  will  be  found  insolu- 
ble, except  in  nitro-muriatic  acid. 

Iron  is  recognised  by  a  bluish- 
black  precipitate,  with  tincture 
of  galls;  rich  blue,  with  prussiate 
of  potassa ;  and  a  greenish  or 
reddish  precipitate,  with  the  free 
alkalies  or  tlieir  carbonates. 


Soluble  salts  of  lead  yield  a 
white  precipitate  with  sulphates 
and  carbonates  in  solution.  Salts 
of  chromic  acid  and  iodide  of  po- 
tassium occasion  a  yellow  preci- 
pitate. Sulphuretted  hydrogen; 
a  black  precipitate.  If  solid,  the 
lead  may  be  converted  into  a 
state  of  solution  by  nitric  acid, 
and  the  dilute  solution  be  tested 
as  above. 


Chloride  of  sodium,  or 
common  salt,  immediately 
decomposes  this  substance, 
and  destroys  its  activity. 
Antiphlogistic  treatment  is 
to  be  employed  for  the  in- 
flammatory symptoms. 


The  same  as  those  from  Milk  to  be  given  copious 
other  irritant  poisons,  and  ly,  and  the  subsequent 
a  peculiar  tanned   appear- 1  treatment  to   be  regulated 


ance  of  the  villous  coat  of 
the  stomach. 


by  the  symptoms. 


Violent  vomiting;  astrin-  The  vomiting  may  be  re- 
gent taste,  burning  pain  in  ;  lieved  by  copious  draughts 
the  stomach;  pale  counte- ^  of  vi-arm  water.  Carbonate 
nance;  cold  extremities;  of  soda,  administered  in  so- 
dull  eves;  fluttering  pulse,  lution,  will  decompose  the 
Death"  seldom  ensues,  in  sulphate  of  zinc.  Milk  and 
consequence  of  the  emetic  albumen  also  act  ns  anti- 
effects.  }  dotes.  General  principles 
to  be  observed  in  the  s'ubse- 
<|uent  treatment. 


The  free  alkalies  differ  in  their 
precipitates  from  solutions  of  mer- 
cury. Potassa  gives,  with  corro- 
sive sublimate,  a  yellowish  one; 
ammonia,  a  white;  lime-water,  an 
orange;  and  sulphuretted  hydro- 
gen, a  black.  If  a  drop  of  the  so 
lution  be  placed  on  a  piece  of 
gold,  and  touched  with  a  knife  or 
key,  the  mercury  will  be  reduced, 
which  amalgamates  with  the  gold, 
producing  a  white  spot.  The  ni- 
trate of  mercury  gives  a  black 
precipitate  with  the  free  alkalies. 
All  the  solid  forms  of  mercury  are 
volatile,  and  may  be  reduced  by 
healing  them  in  a  glass  tube  with 
charcoal  and  carbonate  of  soda, 
when  the  metallic  mercury  will 
sublime,  and  may  be  collected  in 
a  globule. 

Nitrate  of  silver  is  distinguished 
by  the  formation  of  a  white  pre- 
cipitate, insoluble  in  nitric  acid, 
with  chloride  of  sodium;  a  gray 
precipitate  with  ammonia,  which 
is  redissolved  in  an  excess  of  am- 
monia; yellow  precipitate  with 
phosphate  of  soda.  The  precipi- 
tate of  chloride  of  silver,  obtained 
by  adding  muriate  of  soda  to  the 
nitrate  of  silver,  is  readily  re- 
duced, and  the  metallic  silver  ob- 
tained, by  mixing  it  with  dilute 
sulphuric  acid  and  granulated  zinc. 

The  chloride  precipitates  vege- 
table colouring  matter;  also  albu- 
men and  gelatin.  The  white  oxide 
is  precipitated  from  its  solution  by 
free  alkalies;  with  sulphuretted 
hydrogen  gas,  a  brown  precipitate. 

A  white  precipitate  is  thrown 
down  by  the  free  alkalies  from 
the  soluble  salts  of  zinc,  which 
becomes  yellow  when  .strongly 
heated— recovering  its  white  co- 
lour on  cooling.  Sulphuretted 
hydrogen  occasions  a  wliite  pre 
cipitate. 


POISONS 


694 


POISONS 


Poisons. 

Symptoms. 

Treatment. 

Tests. 

PHOSPHORUS. 

Symptoms  of  irritant  poi- 
soning; pain  in  the  stomach 
and  bowels ;  vomiting,  diar- 
rhcea,  tenderness   and  ten- 
sion of  the  abdomen. 

An  emetic  to  be  prompt- 
ly administered;  copious 
draujshts  containing  mag- 
nesia in  suspension  ;  muci- 
laginous drinks;  general 
treatment  for  inflammatory 
symptoms. 

Phosphorus    is    known   by   its 
ready  inflammability,  luminous- 
ness    at    ordinary   temperatures, 
and  alliaceous  odour. 

GLASS,  or  ENA- 
MEL. 

If  taken   in  very  coarse 
powder,  it  produces  irrita- 
tion  and  inflammation  of 
the  bowels. 

Largequantilies  of  crumb 
of  bread  should  be  eaten,  to 
envelop  the  particle.s.  (?) 
An  emetic  of  sulphate  of 
zinc  should  then  be  given, 
and  vomiting  be  promoted 
by  demulcent  drinks. 

II.   ORGANIC    POISONS. 

I.  VEGETABLE    POISONS. 


Irritant  Poisons. 


Anemone  Pulsatilla.    Wind  Flower. 

Arum  maculutum.    Wake  Robin. 

Bryonia  dioica.     Bryony. 

Caladium  seguinium.     Dumbcane. 

Calla  palvstris.    Water  Arum. 

Caltha  palustris.     Marsh  Marigold. 

Chelidonium  majus.    Celandine. 

Clematis  vitalba.    Virgin  Bower. 

Convolvulus  7o?ffly«.     Jalap. 

Convolvulus  scammonia.    Scammony. 

Croton  tiglinm.     Purging  Croton. 

Cucumis  colocynthis.     Colocynth. 

Cyclamen  Europmum.    Sow  Bread. 

Daphne  gnidium.    Spurge  Flax. 

Daphne  mczereum.     Mezereon. 

Delphinium  slaphisagria.     Stavesacre. 

Dioica  palustris.     Swamp  leather-wood. 

Equiseturn  hyemale.     Scourgrass. 

Euphorbia  officinarum.  Euphorbium. 
Spurge. 

Gratiola  officinalis.    Hedge  Hy.=sop. 

Hippomane  mancinella.     Manchineel. 

Hura  crepitans.     Sand  Box. 

Hydrocotylevulgaris.  Marsh  Pennywort. 

Jatropha  curcas,    Indian  Nut. 

Jatropha  manihot.     Cassada. 

Juniperus  sabina.     Savin  (oil  of). 

Juniperus  Virginiana.  BedCedar  (oil  of ) 

Momordica  elalerium.  Squirting  Cu- 
cumber. 

Narcissus  pseudo-narcissus.    Daffodil. 

Pastinax  saliva.     Common  Parsnep. 

Pedicularis  palustris.  Marsh  Lousewort. 

Phytolacca  decandra.     Poke. 

F'lpeT  cubeba.    Cubebs. 

Plumbago  Europwa.     Toothwort. 

Ranunciilus  acris,  and  other  species. 
Crowfoot. 

Rhododendron  chrysanthemum.  Oleander. 

Ricinus  communis.     Castor  Oil  Plant. 

Sambucus  cbulus.     Elder. 

Sedum  acre.     Stone  Crop. 

Stalagmilis  cambogioides.     Gamboge. 

Tanacelum  vulgare.    Tansy  (oil  of.) 

ACRO-NARCOTIC. 

iEthrisa  cynapium.  Common  Fool's 
Parsley. 

Aconitum  vapellus.     Monkshood. 

Agaricus,  five  species.  Mushrooms  (poi- 
sonous). 

Amanita  muscaria.   Truffles  (poisonous). 

Aiiagallis  arvensis.    Meadow  Pimpernel. 

Anda  Gomesii. 

Apncynum  androsa^mi folium.   Dogsbane. 

Aristolochia  clematitis.     Birthwort. 

Arnica  movtana.    Leopard's  bane. 

Asclepias  Syriaca.     Swallowwort. 

Atropa  bellndortna.    Deadly  Night  Shade. 

.iEsculus  Ohioensis.     Buckeye. 

Brucea  anHdysenterica.  False  Angus- 
tiira  Bark. 

Cerbera.  three  species.     Cerbera. 

Chaerophyllum  sylveslre.  Bastard  Hem- 
lock. 


Symptoms. 


The  general  effects  of  this 
class  of  vegetable  poisons 
are;  —  an  acrid  pungent 
taste,  with  more  or  less  of 
bitterness,  excessive  heat, 
great  dryness  of  the  mouth 
and  throat,  with  sense  of 
tightness  there  ;  violent  vo- 
miting, the  efforts  being 
continued  even  after  the 
stomach  is  emptied  ;  purg- 
ing, with  great  pain  in  the 
stomach  and  bowels  ;  pulse 
strong,  frequent,  and  regu- 
lar; breathing  often  quick 
and  difficult;  appearances 
of  intoxication  ;  the  pupil  of 
the  eye  frequently  dilated, 
insensibility  resembling 
death ;  the  pulse  becomes 
slow  and  loses  its  force,  and 
death  closes  the  scene. 

If  applied  externally, 
many  of  (hem  produce  vio- 
lent inflammation  of  the 
skin,  with  vesications  or 
eruptions  of  pustules. 


Treatment. 


If  vomiting  have  been  occasioned  by 
the  poison,  and  the  efforts  are  still  con- 
tinued, they  may  be  rendered  easier  by 
large  draughts  of  warm  water,  or  thin 
gruel ;  but  if  symptoms  of  insensibility 
iiave  come  on  without  vomiting,  it 
ouiiht  to  be  immediately  excited  by  the 
sulphate  of  zinc,  or  some  other  active- 
emetic  substance,  and  after  its  opera- 
tion a  sharp  purgative  should  be  given 
After  as  much  as  possible  of  the  poisorr 
is  got  rid  of  a  very  strong  infusion  of 
coffee,  or  vinegar  diluted  with  water, 
may  be  given  with  advantage.  Cam- 
phor mixture  with  ether  iiiay  be  taken 
frequently,  and  if  insensibility  be  con- 
siderable, warmth,  frictions,  and  blis- 
ters, may  be  employed.  Il'  inflamma- 
tion or  other  dangerous  consequences 
have  been  induced,  they  are  to  be 
treated  upon  seneral  principles. 

The  fruit  of  Feiiillea  Cordifolia  hai 
been  recommended  as  a  powerful  an 
tidote  against    vegetable    poisons;    i 
is  to  be   used  in  as  recent  a  state  as 
possible.  (?) 

N.  B.  Bromine,  chlorine,  and  iodine 
are  said  to  be  antidotes  to  the  alka- 
loids generally. 


POISONS 


695 


POISONS 


Irritant  Poisons. 


Chaiilntia  toxicana.    Ratbane. 

Chenopodium  viurale.     VVormseed. 

Ciciita  maculata.     American  Hemlock. 

Cicula.virosa.    Waver  Hemlock. 

Cissus.     Cissus. 

Cncculus  Indicus.     Fish  berries. 

Oolchicum  autumnale.    Meadow  saffron. 

Coniiim  maculntum.     Hemlock. 

Coriaria  myrtifolia.  Myrtle-leaved  Su- 
mach. 

Curare.     Indian  War  Poison. 

Cynanchum  erectum.     Cynanchum. 

Cytisiis  laburmim.     Laburnum. 

Datura  stramonium.    Thorn  Apple. 

Digitalis  pMrpareffl.    Foxglove. 

Ersot.     See  Secale. 

Ervi}m  crvilia.    Bitter  Vetch. 

Gaultheria  precumbens.  Wintergreen 
(oil  of). 

Haemanthus  tozicarius. 

Helleborus  niger.     Black  Hellebore. 

Hvpophyllum  sanguinaria.  Paddock 
Stool. 

Ipecacuanha.    Ipecacuanha. 

Lathyrus  cicera.     Lathyrus. 

Laurus  camphora.     Camphor. 

Lobelia  irifiata,     Indian  Tobacco. 

Lolium  temulentum.     Darnel. 

MsWa.  azederach.     Pride  of  China.     ' 

Mercurialis  perennis.  Mountain  Mer- 
cury. 

Nerum  oleander.    Common  Oleander. 

IVicotiana  tabacum.     Tobacco. 

CEnatithe  crocata.     Hemlock  Dropwort. 

Passiflora  quadrarxgularis.     Barbadine. 

Fiscidia  erylhrina.     Jamaica  Dogwood. 

Polygala  venenosa  (of  Java). 

Rhus  radicavs.     Poison  Vine. 

Rhus  toxicodendron.  Poison  oak,  or  Su- 
mach. 

Robinia  pseudoaeacia.    Locust  Tree. 

Ruta  graveolens.     Rue. 

Sansuinaria  Canadensis.     Blood  Eoot. 

Scilla  marilima.     Squill.     Sea  Onion. 

Secale  comutum..     Ergot.     Spurred  Rye. 

Sium  latifolium.  Procumbent  Water 
Parsnep. 

Spigelia  Marilandica.     Pink  Root. 

Strychnos  Ignatii.     St.  Isiiatius's  Bean. 

Strychnos  tiux  vomica.    Nux  vomica. 

Svmplocarpus/fl!(i(ia.     Skunk  Cabbage. 

Ticunas.  E.\tract  of  various  plants  — 
South  America. 

Tieute.     Upas  Tieuti.    Tree  of  Java, 

Triticum  Hybemum.    Wheat  (diseased.) 

fTpas  anliar.     Tree  in  Java. 

V^eratrum  albmn.     White  Hellebore. 

Veratrum  viride.     American  Hellebore, 

Wnorara.     War  Poison  of  Guiana. 

Zea  mays.     Maize  (diseased). 

NARCOTIC. 
Acttea  spicata.    Baneberry. 
Amygdalus  communis.    Bitter  Almond. 
Amysdalus  Persica.     Peach. 
Gelseminuni  nitidum.  Yellow  Jessamine. 
Helonias  erytkrosperma.     Fly  Poison. 
Hyoscyamus  albus.     White  Henbane. 
Hyoscyamus  niger.    Black  Henbane. 
Kalmia  lalifolia.     Mountain  Ivy. 
Lactuca  virosa.    Strong-scented  Lettuce. 
Opium,  and  its  proximate  principles. 
Papaver  somniferum.     Poppy. 
Paris  quadrifolia.     Herb  Paris. 
Prunus  Caroliniana.     Wild  Orange. 
Prunus  lauro-cerasus.    Cherry  Laurel. 
Prunus  nigra.     Black  Cherry. 
Prunus  pndus.     Cluster  Cherry. 
Prunus  Virginiana.     Wild  Cherry. 
Solaniim  dulcamara.     Bitter-sweet. 
Sorbus  acuparia..    Mountain  Ash. 
Taxus  baccata.     Yew. 


POISONOUS  MUSHROOMS. 
Agaricus  muscaiius.     Fly  Agaric. 
Agaricus  piperatus.     Pepper  Affaric. 
Agaricus  necator.     Deadly  Agaric. 
Agaricus  bu/bosus.     Bulbous  Affaric. 
Agaricus  chantarellus.    Champisnon. 


Symptoms. 


The  narcotic  vegetable 
poisons,  if  taken  into  the 
stomach  or  applied  to  a 
wound,  occasion  the  follow- 
ingeffects : — stupor  ;  numb- 
ness; heaviness  in  the  head; 
desire  to  vomit,  slight  at 
first,  but  afterwards  insup- 
portable; a  sort  of  intoxi- 
cation, stupid  air,  pupil  of 
the  eye  dilated  ;  furious  or 
lively  delirium,  sometimes 
pain;  convulsions  of  dif- 
ferent parts  of  the  body,  or 
palsy  of  the  limbs.  The 
pulse  is  variable,  but  at 
first  generally  strong  and 
full ;  the  breathing  is  quick, 
and  there  is  great  anxiety 
and  dejection,  which,  if  not 
speedily  relieved,  soon  ends 
in  death. 


Nausea,  heat,  and  pain 
in  the  stomach  and  bowels, 
with  vomiting  and  purging, 
thirst;  convulsions,  and 
faintings;  pulse  small  and 
frequent ;  delirium  ;  dilated 


Treatment. 


The  stomach  to  be  effectually  evacu- 
ated, by  giving  four  or  five  grains  of 
tartar  en)etic,  or  from  ten  to  twenty 
of  the  sulphate  of  zinc,  repeated  every 
quarter  of  an  hour,  till  the  full  effect  is 
produced.  These  means  may  be  assisted 
by  tickling  the  throat  with  a  feather  or 
the  finger.     Large  and  strong  glysters 
of  soap  dissolved  in  water,  or  of  salt 
and  gruel,  should  be  speedily  adminis- 
tered, to  clear  the  bowels,  and  assist  in 
getting  rid  of  the  poison  ;  and  active 
purgatives  may  be  given  after  the  vo- 
miting has  ceased.     When  as  much  as 
possible  of  the  poison  has   been   ex- 
pelled, the  patient   may  drink,  alter-! 
nately,  a  tea-cupful  of  strong  hot  infu- 1 
siou  of  coffee,  and  vinegar  diluted  with  . 
water.      If  the   drowsiness,  which   is! 
sometimes  extreme,  and  the  insensi- 
bility bordering   on   apoplexy,  be  not ; 
remedied  by  these  means,  blood  may  be  j 
taken   from   the  jugular  vein,  lilistersj 
may  be  applied  to  the  neck  and  legs,] 
and  the  attention  be  roused  by  every  j 
means  possible.     If  the  heat  declines,] 
warmth  and  frictions   must  be  perse- 
veringly  used.     Vegetable  acids  are  on 
no  account  to  be  civen  before  the  poi- 
son is  expelled,  and  it  is  desirable  that 
but  little  fluid  of  any  kind  should  be 
administered. 

N.  B.  Bromine,  chlorine,  and  iodine 
are  said  to  be  antidotes  to  the  alkaloids 
generally 


The  stomach  and  bowels  to  be  cleared 
by  an  emetic  of  tartarized  antimony, 
followed  by  frequent  doses  of  Glauber's  j 
or  Epsom  salt,  and  large,  slimulatins  ^ 
glysters.  After  the  poison  is  evacuated,  I 
ether  may  be  administered,  with  smal.. 


POISONS 


696 


POISONS 


Poisons. 

Symptoms. 

TRE.4.TMENT. 

pupil,    and    stupor;     cold 
sweats,  and  death. 

Poisonous       muslirconis 
may  be  distinguished  from 
the  edible  by  their  botanical 
characters,  and  by  the  fol- 
lowing criteria.     The  for- 
mer   grow   in    wet,   shady 
places,    have    a    nauseous 
odour ;    are    softer,    more 
open,  and  porous;  have  a 
dirty-looking  surface,  some- 
times  a  gaudy   colour,   or 
many    very   distinct   hues, 
particularly   if   they   have 
been  covered  with  an  enve- 
lope ;  they  have  soft,  bul- 
bous stalks,  grow  rapidly, 
and  corrupt  very  quickly. 

quantities  of  brandy  and  water;  but 
if  inflammatory   symptoms    manifest 
themselves,    such    stimuli    should    be 
omitted,  and  other  appropriate  means 
be  had  recourse  to. 

2. 

ANIMAL    POISONS. 

Symptoms. 

TRE-4.TMENT. 

POISONOUS  FISH. 
Balistes  monoceros.     Old  wife. 
Cancer  astacus.    Crawfish. 
Cancer  mricolus.     Land  Crab. 
Clupea  thryssa.     Yellow-billed  Sprat. 
Coracinus/uscus  major.  Gray  Snapper. 
Coracinus  minor.     Hyne. 
Coryphaena  splendems.     Dolphin. 
Mormyra.    Blue  Parrot  Fish. 
Mursena  major.    Conger  Eel. 
Mvtilus  edulis.     Mussel. 
Ostracion^-ZofreMam.  SmoothBottleFisb. 
;  Ferca  major.    Barracuda. 

■  Perca  veiienosa.     Grooper. 

\  Perca  venenata.     Rock  Fish. 
jPhysalia.    Portuguese  Man  of  War. 
i  Scomber  caruleus.    Spanish  Mackerel. 
'  Scomber  maximus.     King  Fish. 

■  Scomber  thynnus.    Bonetta. 
j  Sparus  chrysops.     Porgee. 
\TelroAon  scderatus.     Tunny. 

Tetrodon  ocellatus.    Blower. 

In   an   hour  or  two,  or 
often    in   a   much    shorter 
time,    after    the    fish    has 
been  eaten,  a  weight  at  the 
stomach    comes    on,   with 
slight  vertigo  and  headache, 
sense    of  heat    about   the 
head  and  eyes,  considerable 
thirst,  and  often  an  erup- 
tion of  the  skin  (urticaria), 
and  in  many  eases  death. 

An  emetic  should  be  speedily  adminis- 
tered, or,  in  the  absence  of  it,  vomiting 
may  be  excited,  by  tickling  the  throat 
with     the     finger,     and     taking     large 
draughts  of  warm  water.     After  full  vo- 
miting, an   active  purgative  should  be 
given,  10   remove   any   of  the   noxious 
matter  that   may  have  found  its  way 
into  the  intestines.     Vinegar  and  water 
may  be  drunk  after  the  above  remedies 
have  operated,   and   the   body  may   be 
sponged  with  the  same.    Water,  made 
very  sweet  with  sugar,  to  which  ether 
may  be  added,  may  be  drunk  freely  as  a 
corrective,  and  a  very  weak  solution  of 
alkali  has  been  recommended  to  obviate 
the   eflfects   of   the   poison.      If   spasm 
ensue;  after  evacuations,  laudanum,  in 
considerable  doses,  is  necessary.     If  in- 
flammation should  occur,  the  usual  means 
of  removing  it  must  be  employed. 

POISONOUS  SERPENTS. 
Boa  CTOtaloidcs.     Copperhead. 
Cenchris  mockeson.     Mockeson. 
Cerastes  nasicomis.    Horned  Viper  of 

Western  Africa. 
Coluber  bents.     Viper. 
1  Coluber  prester.    Black  Viper. 
;  Crotalus,  (5  species )    Rattle  Snake 
Scy tale  piscivwras.    Water  Viper. 

A    sharp    pain     in     the 
wounded  part,  which  soon 
extends   over   the   limb  or 
body;    great    swelling,    at 
first   hard   and    pale,  then 
reddish,  livid,  and  gangre- 
nous in  appearance;  faint- 
ings,     vomitings,     convul- 
sions, and  sometimes  jaun- 
dice; pulse  small,  frequent, 
and    irregular;    breathing 
difficult,    cold   sweats,   the 
sight  fails,  and  the  intel- 
lectual   faculties     are    de- 
ranged. Inflammation, and 
often    extensive    suppura- 
tion and  gangrene,  followed 
by  death. 

A  cupping-glass  to  be  applied  over  the 
wound,  or  a  moderately  tight   ligature 
above  the  bites,  and  the  wound  left  to 
bleed  after  being  well  washed  with  warm 
water;  the  actual  cautery,  lunar  caustic, 
or  butter  of  antimony,  to  he  then  applied 
freely  to  it,  and  afterwards  covered  with 
lint, dipped  in  equal  parts  of  olive  oil  and 
spirit  of  hartshorn.     The  ligature  to  be 
removed  if  the  inflammation  be  consi- 
derable.    Warm,   diluting   drinks,   and 
small  doses  of  ammonia  or  hartshorn,  to 
cause   perspiration  ;   the   patient  to   be 
wellcovered  in  bed, and  a  little  warm  wine 
given  occasionally.  If  gangrene  be  threat- 
ened, wine  may  be  given  more  freely,  and 
the  bark  should  be  had  recourse  to,    ,Arse-. 
nic,  the  principal  ingredient  in  the  Tan- 
jore  Pill,  has  been  strongly  recommended. 

CANTHARI3  VESFCATORIA. 
Spanish,  or  Blistering  Fly. 
Lytta  vittaia.    Potato  Fly. 

Nauseous   odour  of  the 
breath;  acrid  taste;  burn- 
ing heat  in  the  throat,  sto- 
mach, and   abdomen  ;   fre- 
quent     vomitings,     often 
bloody,  with  copious  bloody 
stools;  excruciating  pain  in 
the  stomach;  painful   and 
obstinate    priapism,    with 
heat   in    the   bladder,   and 
strangury  or  retention    of 
urine;     frishtful     convul- 
sions, delirium  and  death. 

Vomiting  to  be  excited  by  drinking 
sweet  oil,  sugar  and  water,  milk,  or  lin- 
seed tea,  very  freely.      Emollient  glys- 
, ters    should    he    administered,    and    if 
symptoms  of  inflammation  of  the  sto- 
mach,   kidney,    or    bladder    supervene, 
they   must   be   subdued   by   appropriate 
treatment. 

Camphor    dissolved    in    oil    may    be 
rubbed  over  the  belly  and  the  thighs. 

VENOMOUS  INSECTS 

larantuld. 

Scorpio.     Scorpion. 

Vespa  crahro.     Hornet. 

Vespa  vulearis.     Wasu 

Apis  mellifica.     Bee. 
',Cii]ey  pipicns.     Gnm. 
1  CEstrus  ftocis.    Gad-fly 

In   general,  the  sting  of 
these  insfolsoa-nsions  only 
a  slight  degree  of  pain  and 
swelling;  but  occasionally 
the  symptoms  are  more  vio- 
lent, and  sickness  and  fever 
are  produced  by  the  inten- 
sity of  the  pain. 

Hartshorn  and  oil  may  he  rubbed  on 
the   aflixted   pnrt,  and    a  piece   of  rag, 
moistened  in    the  same,  or  in  salt  and 
water,  wny  be  kept  upon  it  till  the  pain 
is  removed,     A  few  drops  of  hartshorn 
may  be  given  frequently  in  a  little  water, 
and  a  glass  or  two  of  wine  may  be  taken. 
The  sling  may,  in  general,  be  removed 
by   making   strong   pressure    around   it 
with  the  barrel  of  a  small  watch-key. 

POISON 


697 


POLIUM 


SALIVA  OP  THE  RABID  DOG. 


At  an  uncertain  interval 
after  the  bile,  generally, 
however,  between  the 
twentieth  day  and  three  or 
four  months,  pain  or  unea- 
siness occurs  in  the  bitten 
part,  though  the  wound 
may  have  been  long  healed. 
Anxiety,  uneasiness,  lan- 
guor, spasms,  horror,  dis- 
turbed sleep,  difficult  respi- 
ration succeed,  and  are 
soon  very  much  increased  ; 
violent  convulsions  affect 
the  whole  body,  hideously 
distorting  the  muscles  of 
the  face;  the  eyes  are  red 
and  protruded,  the  tongue 
swells  and  often  hangs  out, 
and  viscid  saliva  flows  from 
the  mouth;  there  is  pain  in 
the  stomach,  with  bilious 
vomitings, a  horror  of  fluids, 
and  impossibility  of  drink- 
ing them.  All  these  symp- 
toms are  aggravated  till  the 
sufferer  is  relieved  by  death. 


Treatment. 


Hydrophobia  is  more  easily  prevented 
than  cured  ;  indeed,  it  is  doubted  whe- 
ther it  ever  has  been  cured.  Mercury, 
arsenic,  opium,  musk,  camphor,  acids, 
wine,  vegetable  and  mineral  alkali,  oil, 
various  herbs,  and  many  other  reme- 
dies whose  effects  are  quite  opposite, 
have  been  employed,  but  none  can  be 
relied  on.  Large  blood-lettings,  the 
warm  and  cold  bath,  and  almost  every 
other  remedial  agent,  have  been  tried 
without  success. 

The  bitten  part  should  be  completely 
cut  out,  even  after  it  has  healed,  if  the 
symptoms  have  not  yet  come  on  ;  the 
part  should  then  be  immersed  in  warm 
water,  or  be  washed  with  it  as  long  as  it 
will  bleed,  and,  after  the  most  perse- 
vering ablution,  caustic  should  be  ap- 
plied to  every  part  of  the  surface,  and 
then  the  wound  covered  with  a  poultice, 
and  suffered  to  heal  by  granulation. 

No  milder  discipline  can  ensure  safety. 


The  most  energetic  poisons  are  used  therapeu- 
tically, and  often  with  considerable  advantage. 
They  have,  of  course,  to  be  administered  in  ex- 
tremely small  doses ;  to  avoid  producing  poi- 
soning. 

PoisoJf,  Arrow,  see  Arrow  poison — p.  Sausage, 
AUantotoxicum. 

POISON-BERRY  TREE,  Melia  azedarach— 
p.  Italian,  Liquor  arsenicalis  —  p.  Morbid,  Virus 
— p.  Oak,  Rhus  toxicodendron  —  p.  Root,  Cieuta 
maculata  —  p.  Vegetable,  Upas — p.  Vine,  Rhus 
radicans. 

POISONING,  Venefic"ium,  Toxiea'tio,  Intoxi- 
cn'tio,  Entoxis'mus,  Entoxicis'mus,  Pharmacei'a, 
Jfalefic" imn,  Venena'tion,  (F.)  Empoisonnement, 
Intoxication.  The  art  of  applying  a  poisonous 
substance  to  any  of  the  textures  in  a  dose  capa- 
ble of  occasioning  more  or  less  serious  symp- 
toms. Rigorously  speaking,  therefore,  if  a  phy- 
sician, in  treating  any  case,  employs  a  deleterious 
medicine  in  a  small  dose,  which,  owing  to  parti- 
cular circumstances,  produces  unpleasant  symp- 
toms, he  may  be  said  to  have  poisoned.  The 
term  is,  however,  generally  restricted  to  poison- 
ing by  design. 

''oisoning  has  also  been  used,  Iiy  a  few,  to  de- 
r  ,)te  the  series  of  symptoms  resembling  those 
produced  by  certain  poisons,  which  occasionally 
follow  the  use  of  substances  that  are  generally 
innoxious.  Overloading  the  stomach  with  indi- 
gestible food,  has,  for  example,  given  occasion  to 
symptoms  resembling  those  produced  by  a  nar- 
cotic poison,  and  the  effect  has  been  termed  ^oi- 
toning. 

Secret  poisoning  was,  at  one  time,  practised  as 
an  art.  It  consisted  in  administering  medicines, 
which  should  act  as  slow  poisons,  and  gradually 
undermine  the  strength  and  life.  Its  agency  was 
far  from  being  so  extensive  as  was  imagined. 

POI'SONOUS,  Tox'ical,  Nox'iua ;  having  the 
qualities  of  a  poison. 

POISONS,  ACRO-NARCOTIC,  P.  narcotico- 
acrid — p.  Corrosive,  P.  acrid — p.  Escharotic,  P. 
acrid  —  p.  Irritating,  P.  acrid — p.  Putrescent,  P. 
septic. 

POITRTNATRR,  Phthisicus, 

POITRINE,  Thorax. 

POIVRE  B'EAU,  Polygonum  hydropiper— 
p.  de  Gvinee,  Capsicum  annuum — p.  d'Inde,  Cap- 
eicum  annuum — p.  de  Jamaiqite,  see  Myrtus  pi- 


menta — p.  Long,  Piper  longum — p.  Noir,  Piper 
nigrum — p.  Petit,  Vitex — p.  d  Queue,  Piper  cu- 
beba — p.  Sauvage,  Vitex. 

POIX  BLANCHE,  see  Pinus  abies— jo.  de 
Bottrgogne,  see  Pinus  abies — p.  Grasse,  see  Pinus 
abies  -^p.  Jaime,  see  Pinus  abies  — p.  Minerale, 
Pissasphaltum — p.  Navale,  see  Pinus  sylvestris 
— p.  Noire,  see  Pinus  sylvestris. 

POKE,  Phytolacca  decandra — p.  Indian,  Ve- 
ratrum  viride — p.  Stink,  Dracontium  foetidum — • 
p.  Weed,  Phytolacca  decandra,  Veratrum  viride. 
POLANIS'IA  GRA'VEOLENS,  Clammy  iceed, 
Stinkweed,  Worm-weed,  Clammy  JIfustard,  False 
mnstard.  An  indigenous  plant,  Nat.  Ord.  Cap- 
paridese ;  Sex.  Syst.  Dodecandria  Monogynia  — 
which  blossoms  in  summer,  and  is  found  in  every 
part  of  North  America.  To  the  whole  plant  have 
been  ascribed  anthelmintic  properties. 

POLECAT  WEED,  Dracontium  foetidum. 
POLEMO'NIUM    REPTANS,    False    Jacob's 
Ladder,    Greek    Vale'rian,    Sweat-root.       Order, 
Polemoniacese ;  indigenous,    flowering  in    May ; 
has  been  used  as  a  diaphoretic  and  expectorant. 
POLENTA,  Alphiton. 
POLES,  Chalazffi. 

POLEY  MOUNTAIN,  OF  CANDY,  Teucrium 
Creticum — p.  Mountain  of  Montpelier,  Teucrium 
capitatum. 

POLIATER,  from  iroXiy,  'a  town,'  and  larpos,  'a 
physician.'  A  physician  exercising  his  profession 
in  a  town,  by  the  appointment  of  the  government. 
—  Castelli. 

POLICE',  MED'ICAL,  Politi'a  med'ica,  Pali- 
tobiotherapi' a,  Medici'na  polit'ica.  State  med'i- 
cine,  Polit'ical  med'icine.  Hygienic  rules  estab- 
lished, or  to  be  established,  for  the  prevention  of 
disease,  and  to  contribute  to  the  progress  of  me- 
dicine. The  salubrity  of  districts,  especially  dur- 
ing the  existence  of  spreading  disease,  is  greatly 
ensured  by  an  efficient  medical  police. 

POLICLIN'ICA,   from   TroAif,    'a   town,'   and 

kXivyj,  'a  bed.'     Treatment  of  diseases  in  a  town. 

POLIO'SIS,  Tricho'sis  polio'sis,  Spilo'sis  poli- 

o'sis,  Canit"ie8.    Hair  prematurely  gray  or  hoary. 

The  state  of  becoming  gray. 

POLITIA  MEDICA,  Police,  medical. 
POLITOBIOTHERAPIA,  Police,  medicaL 
POLIUM    Capitatum,    Teucrium   capi. 
tatum. 


POLIUM 


698 


POLYGONUM 


POLIUM  CRETICUM,  Teucrium  Creticum— 
p.  Montanum,  Teucrium  capitatum. 

POLLEX,  (L.)  Pollen,  Pollis,  Tta\rj,  'dust.' 
The  fecundating  dust  contained  in  the  anthers  of 
floT^ers,  which  is  dispersed  on  the  stigma. 

POLLEX,  An'ticheir,  Prom'anus,  Di(j"itu8  pri- 
tnna  seu  marjnus,  from  pollere,  'to  have  much 
Strength.'  (F.)  Pouce.  The  first  of  the  fingers 
in  size  and  strength.  It  is  asserted  that  the  term 
poltroon  is  derived  from  Pol' lice  trunea'to  ; — the 
Komans  who  were  desirous  of  heing  exempted 
from,  military  service  being  accustomed  to  cut  off 
the  thumb,  and  thus  render  themselves  unfit  to 
handle  arms. 

PoLLEX,  see  Digitus. 

PoLLEX  Pedis,  Ilallv.s,  Hallux.    The  great  toe. 

POLLINC'TOR,  Pollinc'ter,  (L.)  In  antiquity, 
an  anointer,  dresser,  or  embalmer  of  the  dead. 

POLLINCTURA,  Embalming. 

POLLIS,  Pollen. 

POLLOD'IC,  Pollod'icus ;  from  ttoXvs,  'many,' 
and  'o&os,  'a  way.'  An  epithet  proposed  by  Dr. 
Marshall  Hall  for  a  course  of  nervous  action  pro- 
ceeding from  one  point  in  many  directions  to 
every  other. 

POLLOM,  LITTLE,  Polygala  paucifolia. 

POLLU'TION,  Pollu'tio,  from  pollno,  'I  pro- 
fane.' The  excretion  of  the  seminal  liquor  or 
sperm  at  other  times  than  during  coition.  When 
occasioned  by  a  voluntary  act,  it  is  called  simply 
Pollution  or  Masturbation  ;  when  excited  during 
sleep,  by  lascivious  dreams,  it  takes  the  name 
Nocturnal  pollution,  Exoneiro'sis,  Oneirog'moa, 
Oneirog'onos,  Oneirogonorrhoe'n,  Exoneirog' mus, 
Spermatoclem' ma,  Spermatoclep' sis,  Spermatolejj' - 
eis,  Spjermatolip'sis,  Gonorrhoea  dormien'tium,  G. 
oneirog'onos,  G.  vera,  G.  libidino'sa,  Proflu'vium 
eem'inis,  Spermatorrha' a,  Paronir'ia  salax,  Night 
pollution,  (F.)  Pollution  involontaire. 

POLLUTION  INVOLONTAIRE,  Pollution 
— p.  Nocturnal,  Pollution — p.  Self,  Masturbation 
.  — p.  Voluntary,  Masturbation. 

POLY,  Polys,  ttoXd;,  'many,  full.'     Hence: 

POLYACTIUM  TRISTE,  Pelargonium  triste. 

POLY^MIA,  Plethora. 

POLY^MIC,  Plethoric. 

POLYiEMICUS,  Plethoric. 

POLYANH^MIA,  Anaemia. 

POLYANHEMIE,  Ansemia. 

POLYANTH'ES  TUBERO'SA,  Amarueaehu. 
The  root  is  cut  into  slips  and  laid  upon  the  bites 
of  serpents  by  the  Peruvian  Indians. 

POLYBLEN'NIA,  from  no'Xvi,  'much,'  and 
fiKcvva,  'mucus.'     Excessive  secretion  of  mucus. 

POLYBREPHIA,  Pregnancy,  complex. 

P0LYCARP'j3E,  from  TroAuy,  'many,'  and  Kap- 
TToj,  '  fruit.'  A  division  of  cutaneous  diseases  of 
the  family  Eczematosen,  of  Fuchs,  including 
Psoriasis,  Lichen,  Herpes,  and  Impetigo. 

POLY'CERAS,  from  TroXuf,  'many,'  and  xepaf, 
'  horn.'  A  monstrous  animal  having  many  horns. 
~  Gurlt. 

POLYCHO'LIA,  Pericho'lia,  Eypercho'lia, 
from  jroXuf, '  much,'  and  XoAjj,  '  bile.'  Superabun- 
dance of  bile ;  such  as  is  supposed  to  exist  in 
bilious  fevers. 

POLYCHREST'US,  from  ttoXu?,  'much,'  and 
\pri(rTo;,  'useful.'  Having  many  virtues.  An 
ancient  name  for  certain  medicines  considered  to 
te  useful  in  many  diseases. 

POLYCHRONIUS,  Chronic. 

POLYCHY'LIA,  from  ttoXv;,  'much,'  and ;^uXoj, 
'juice.'     Polychy'mia.     Fulness  of  juices. 

POLYCHYMIA,  Polychylia  —  p.  Sanguinea, 
Plethora 

POLYGLIN'ICA;   from    jroXuf,   'much,'  and 


K\ivri,  'bed.'  Provided  with  many  beds;  —  as  an 
hospital. 

POLYCOR'IA,  from  roXus,  and  kooi^,  'the  pu- 
pil.' The  state  in  which  there  is  more  than  one 
pupil. — Von  Ammon. 

POLYCYE'SIA,Pci??/c?/e'«?'s,  from  ttoXuj,  'many,' 
and  Kvriati,  'pregnancy.'  Frequent  or  quickly  re- 
curring pregnancies  :  also,  compound  pregnancy. 

POLYDAC'TYLUS,  Perissodac' tylvs,  from 
TToXuj,  '  many,'  and  iaKTv\os,  '  a  finger.'  One  who 
has  a  supernumerary  finger  or  fingers,  or  toes. 

POLYDIP'SIA,  from  ttoX-jj,  'much,'  and  o'li^i?, 
'thirst;'  Sitis  morho'sa  seu  inten'sa,  Polypo'sia, 
Dipso'sis  avens,  Excessive  thirst,  (F.)  Soi/  exces- 
sive. A  constant  desire  for  drinking,  with  a  sense 
of  dryness  in  the  mouth  and  throat.  It  is  mostly 
symptomatic  of  fever,  inflammation,  dropsy,  ex- 
cessive discharges,  &c.,  and  is  so  much  a  part  of 
diabetes,  that  it  has  been  called  Polydipsia. 

POLYG'ALA,  from  n-oXuj,  'much,'  and  ya^ia, 
'milk;'  P.vidga'ris,  Common  Ifilkwort.  Family, 
Rhinanthoidets.  Sex.  Syst.  Diadelphia  Octandria. 
The  leaves  are  bittei-,  and  are  used  in  the  same 
cases  as  the  polj'gala  amara. 

Polygala  Aiia'ra,  P,  amarel'la  seu  vnlga'ris, 
Bitter  Milkioort.  A  powerful  bitter ;  and,  conse- 
quently, tonic.  Its  reputed  virtues  are  balsamic, 
demulcent,  and  corroborant.  The  Polygola  ru~ 
hel'la,  or  Bitter  Polygala  of  the  United  States, 
has  the  same  virtues. 

Polygala  Amarblla,  P.  amara  —  p. 'Bitter, 
see  P.  amara — p.  Grandifiora,  P.  senega. 

Polyg'ala  Paucifo'lia,  Triclisper'ma  grait- 
dijlo'ra,  Bioarf  Milkwort,  Little  Pollom,  Ever- 
green Snakeroot,  (F.)  Polygale  naine,  possesses 
the  same  properties  as  P.  Senega. 

Polyg'ala  Sen'ega,  P.  Virginia'na  seu  gran- 
dijlo'ra,  Sen'eka,  Rattlesnake  Milkivort,  Senega 
or  Rattlesnake  root,  (F.)  Polygale  de  Virginie  on 
de  Seneka.  The  bark  is  the  active  part  of  the 
root.  Its  taste  is  at  first  acrid,  and  afterwards 
very  hot  and  pungent.  It  was  once  esteemed  to 
be  specific  against  the  poison  of  the  rattlesnake 
and  in  pleurisy,  pneumonia,  &o.,  after  the  inflam- 
matory action  had  been  got  under.  It  has  been 
given  also  in  humoral  asthma,  chronic  rheuma- 
tism, dropsy,  croup,  amenorrhoea,  <fcc.  Accord- 
ing to  Peschier,  it  contains  three  particular  prin- 
ciples, Polyg'aline  or  Sen'egine,  Isol'vsine,  and 
Polyg'alic  Acid.  Dose,  gr.  30  to  40  of  the  powder. 

Polygala  Serpenta'ria.  A  shrub  of  Caffra- 
ria,  the  root  of  which  is  considered  by  the  natives 
as  a  sure  antidote  against  the  bites  of  venomous 
serpents. 

Polygala  Virginiana,  P.  senega — p.  Vulga- 
ris, P.  amara. 

POLYGALACTIA,  Polyga'lia,  from  ttoAuj, 
'  much,'  and  yaXa,  '  milk.'  Superabundant  secre- 
tion of  milk ;  galactia. 

POLYGALE  NAINE,  Polygala  paucifolia— 
p.  de  Virginie,  Polygala  Virginiana. 

POLYGALIA,  Polygalactia. 

POLYGALINE,  see  Polygala  senega. 

POLYGONATUM,  ConVallaria  polygonatum 
— p.  Anceps,  Convallaria  polygonatum — p.  Mul- 
tiflorum,  Convallaria  multiflora —  p.  Uniflorum, 
Convallaria  polygonatum — p.  Vulgare,  Convalla- 
ria polygonatum. 

POLYG'ONUM,  P.  avieula're,  from  iroXv!, 
'much,'  and  yovT],  'seed.'  P.  centino'dium  seu 
erec'tum,  Ceutino'dia,  Centumno'dia,  Bindweed, 
Sanguina'lis  Corrig"iola,  Sunguina'ria,  Knot- 
grass, Knotweed,  (F.)  Renouee,  Trainasse,  Centi- 
node.  Family,  Polygoneije.  Sex.  Syst.  Octandria 
Trigynia.  This  grass  is  said  to  be  a  feeble  astrui'* 
gent. 

PoLYGON0M  Acre,  P.  bydropiper. 


POLYGROMA 


699 


POLYPOUS 


PoiiTGONUJI  BiSTOR'tA,  P.  histortoV des,  Biator- 
ta,  Coluhrina,  0_fflc"inal  Bistort,  Great  Bistort  or 
Snakeweed.  The  root  is  a  powerful  astringent 
and  tonic ;  and,  as  such,  has  been  used  in  in- 
ternal hemorrhage,  atonic  diarrhoea,  ague,  &e. 
Dose,  gr.  xv  to  gj. 

Polygonum  Bistortoides,  P.bistorta — p.  Cen- 
tinodium,  P.  avieulare. 

Polygonum  Divarica'tuji;  Eastern  Buck- 
wheat plant.  The  roots,  reduced  to  a  coarse  meal, 
are  said  to  be  much  used  as  an  article  of  diet  by 
the  Siberians. 

Polygonum  Erectum,  P.  avieulare. 

Polygonum  Fagop'yrum,  Farjop'yrum,  F. 
esndent'um,  Trit'icuin  Fagi' num,  Buckwheat,  (F.) 
Sarrasin,  Ble  noir.  The  grain  of  this  plant  con- 
stitutes a  principal  article  of  food  with  the  inha- 
bitants of  Russia,  Germany,  and  Switzerland. 
It  is  much  used  in  the  United  States. 

Polygonum  Hydrop'iper,  P.  acre,  Hydropi- 
J>er,  Persica'riu  urens,  Mercu'rius  terres'tris.  Poor 
Man's  Pepper,  Biting  Arse-smart,  Lakeweed, 
Water-pepper,  (F.)  Poivre  d'eaii.  The  leaves  of 
this  plant  have  an  acrid,  burning  taste,  and  re- 
semble those  of  the  arum.  They  have  been  re- 
commended as  possessing  antiseptic,  aperient, 
and  diuretic  virtues.  The  fresh  leaves  have 
been  applied  externally  as  a  stimulating  cata- 
plasm. 

Polygonum  Hydropiperoides,  P.  punctatum. 

Polygonum  Persica'ria,  Persicaria,  P.  minor 
seu  mitis,  Plumbn'go,  Arse-smart,  (F.)  Persicaire 
douce.  This  plant  is  said  to  possess  vulnerary 
and  antiseptic  qualities.  It  has  been  given  in 
wine  to  arrest  gangrene. 

Polygonum  Puncta'tum,  P.  hydropiperoVdes, 
Water  jpepper  of  Ammca.,  Smartweed,  possesses 
similar  properties  to  Pol3'gonum  hydropiper,  and 
is  occasionally  used  internally  in  gravel,  and  ex- 
ternally in  chronic  ulcers.  A  fluidrachm  of  the 
saturated  tincture  has  been  extolled  in  amenor- 
rhoea. 

Polyg'onum  Yirginia'num,  Wand-spiked  Per- 
sica'ria Virgin'ia  Bistort;  indigenous;  is  astrin- 
gent, diuretic,  and  tonic. 

POLYGROMA    Staphyloma. 

POLYHI'DRIA,  Pohji'dria,  Polyidro'sis,  from 
TToX'jf,  'much,'  and  'iSpias,  'sweat.'  Excessive 
sweating. 

POLYHYDRIA,  Hydrops. 

POLYHYPERH^MIA,  Plethora. 

POLYIDRIA,  Polyhidria. 

POLYIDROSIS,  Polyhidria. 

POLYLYMPHIA,  Anasarca. 

POLYMASTH'US,  Pleiomas'thm,  from  tto)<v;, 
'many,'  and  liaa^o;,  'breast.'  A  monster  having 
several  breasts. — Gurlt.  The  condition  has  been 
called  Polyma'zia,  and  Pleioma' zia. 

POLYMAZIA,  see  Polymasthus. 

POLYMERIA,  Polymerismus  —  p.  Promiscua 
translativa.  Transposition  of  the  viscera. 

POLYMERIS'MUS,  Polymer'ia,  from  ttoXdj, 
'much,' and //£po;,  'apart.'  A  monstrosity,  which 
consists  in  the  existence  of  supernumerary  organs; 
as  a  sixth  finger  of  the  hand, 

POLYNEURON,  Plantago. 

POLYOP'SIA,  Pol'yopy,  from  ttoXdj,  'much,' 
And  oi/zij,  'sight.'  Vision  is  so  called,  when  mul- 
tiple. 

POLYOPY,  Polyopsia. 

POLYOREX'IA,  from  woXuf,  'much,'  and  optfif, 
'appetite.'  Excessive  appetite  or  hunger.  A 
genus  in  the  gastroses  of  M.  Alibert. 

POLYPE'RIA,  from  n-oAuf,  'much,'  and  -rtipoq, 
'  mutilated.'  Congenital  misconstruction  of  va- 
rious parts  or  organs. — Good. 

POLYPHA'GIA,  Ilultivoran'tia,  from  iroXvy, 
♦much,'  and  jiaym,  'I  eat.'    Voracity.    Faculty 


of  eating  or  subsisting  on  many  kinds  of  food. 
See  Boulimia. 

POLYPH'AGOUS.  RelatiBg  or  appertaining 
to  polj'phagia. 

POiiYPHARMACI'A,  Polyphatm'acy ;  from 
roXuf,  'much,'  and  ipapfiaKov,  'a  medicine.'  The 
prescribing  of  too  many  medicines.  A  prescrip- 
tion, consisting  of  a  number  of  medicines  ;  hence 
the  name  Polyphar'macus,  given  to  one  who  is 
in  the  habit  of  prescribing  a  number  of  medicines, 
and  whose  prescriptions  are  loaded  with  ingre- 
dients.    The  term  is  taken  in  bad  part. 

POLYPHYSIA,  Flatulence. 

POLYPIFORM  CONCRETIOXS,  see  Polypus. 

POLYPIONIA,  see  Polysarcia  —  p.  Infantum, 
see  Polysarcia. 

POLYPLAS'TIC,  Polyplas'ticvs,  from  jroAvs, 
'much,'  and  TrXaanu),  'I  form.'  That  which  has 
many  shapes. 

PoLYPLASTic  Element,  in  histology,  is  one 
which  does  not  retain  its  primary  shape  ;  but  un- 
dergoes transformation  into  others. — Gerber. 

POLYPODI'TES.  Wine  impregnated  with 
polypody. 

POLYPO'DIUM,  P.  Yidga're,  P.  Virginia' mim 
scu  pinnatif'idum,  Filic'ulu  dulcis,  Commoii  Pol'- 
ypody.  Fern  root.  Pock  Brake,  Brake  root.  This 
fern  grows  in  the  clefts  of  rocks,  walls,  &c.,  in 
both  hemispheres.  It  was  formerly  regarded  as 
a  cholagogue,  and  was  given  in  head  diseases.  It 
is  not  used  now. 

PoLYPODiuM  Adiantiforme,  See  Calagual.-B 
radix  —  p.  Ammifolium,  see  Calagualse  radix 
—  p.  Argenteum,  see  Calagualfe  radix  —  p.  Ca- 
laguala,  Calagualae  radix  —  p.  Coriaceum,  see 
Calagualaj  radix — p.  Dentatum,  Asplenium  filix 
foemina — p.  Filix  foemina,  Asplenium  filix  fcemina. 

Polypo'dium  Filix  Mas,  As^yid'iwn  Filix  Mas, 
A.  depas'tum  seu  ero'sum,  Filix  pinnn'ta,  Pterin, 
Athyr'ium  Filix  Mas,  Blechnon,  Polyrrhi'zon, 
Blancnon  Oriba'sii,  Lonchi'tis,  Filic'ula,  Male 
Polypody  or  Fern,  Filix  mas,  F.  non  ramo'sa 
denta'ta,  Nephro'dinni  crena'tum,  J^.  Filix  mas, 
Polys' ti^um  caUip'teris,  P.  filix  mas,  (F.)  Foxigere 
male.  Nat.  Ord.  Filices.  Sex.  ,Syst.  Cryptoga- 
mia  Filices.  The  rhizoma  of  this  plant  has  been 
much  extolled  as  an  anthelmintic,  and  in  cases 
of  ttenia.  It  was  the  basis  of  a  once  celebrated 
remedy — Madame  Nonffer's,  but,  perhaps,  more 
of  the  efficacy  was  to  be  attributed  to  the  active 
purgatives  by  which  it  was  followed  than  to  the 
fern.  Dose,  ^ij  to  ^iij  of  the  powdered  solid  part 
of  the  root ;  followed  in  the  morning  by  a  strong 
cathartic  of  camboge  or  jalap.  An  ethereal  ex- 
tract has  been  proposed  by  Dr.  Pesehier,  of  Geneva. 

Polypo'dium  Inca'num,  Pol' ypody.  Rock 
Brake;  indigenous;  has  been  considered  demul- 
cent, cathartic  and  anthelmintic. 

Polypo'dium  Incisum,  Asplenium  filix  foemina 
— p.  Molle,  Asplenium  filix  foemina — p.  Pennati- 
fidum,  P.  vulgare  —  p.  Politum,  see  Calagualaa 
radix — p.  Trifidum,  Asplenium  filix  foemina — p. 
Virginianum,  P.  vulgare  —  p.  Vulgare,  Polypo- 
dium. 

POLYPODY,  Polypodium  incanum— p.  Com- 
mon, Polypodium  vulgare — p.  Male,  Polypodium 
filix  mas. 

POL'YPOID,  PolypoVdes ;  from  polypus,  and 
£i5of,  'form.'  Having  the  shape  of,  or  resembling, 
a  polypus. 

POLYPORUS  IGNIARIUS,  Boletus  igniarius 
— p.  Officinalis,  Boletus  laricis. 

POLYPOSIA,  ■Rot^vTToai.a,  from  ttoXu?,  'much,' 
andTToo-if,  'drink.'  Great  thirst — desire  for  drink. 
Polydipsia. 

POLYPOUS,  Polypo'sus :  same  etymon  as  the 
next.  Relating,  or  belonging  to,  or  rescuibling 
polypus. 


POLYPUS 


700 


P0M3IADE 


POL'YPUS,  PfeudometamorpJio'sia  polypo'sa, 
from  TToXvi, '  many,'  and  irov;,  '  a  foot.'  A  name 
given  to  tumours,  which  occur  in  mucous  mem- 
branes especially;  and  which  have  been  compared 
to  certain  zoophytes.  Polypi  may  form  on  every 
mucous  membrane.  They  are  most  commonly 
observed  in  the  nasal  fossae,  pharynx,  and  uterus; 
more  rarely  in  .the  stomach,  intestines,  bronchial 
tubes,  bladder,  and  meatus  auditorius  externus. 
They  vary  much  in  size,  number,  mode  of  adhe- 
sion, and  intimate  nature.  Accordingly,  they 
have  received  various  appellations ;  mucous,  soft, 
vesic'ular,  when  their  substance  has  been  soft, 
spongy,  vesicular,  and,  as  it  were,  gorged  with 
fluid.  Others  have  been  called  hard;  and  these 
have  been  distinguished  into  ^6?-oj(s  ov  flesTiy,  and 
into  scirrhous  or  cancerous.  Fibrous  polj'pi, 
Pol'ypijibro'si,  Tnopol'ypt,  are  of  a  dense,  compact 
texture,  and  whitish  colour.  They  contain  few 
vessels,  and  do  not  degenerate  into  cancer.  The 
scirrhous  or  carcinom'atous  are  true  cancerous 
tumours,  painful  and  bleeding.  They  present  all 
the  pathological  changes  which  belong  to  cancer- 
ous afieetions,  and  the  prognosis  is  of  course  un- 
favourable. 

The  mode  of  treating  polypi  must  differ  ac- 
cording to  their  character.  The  means  used  to 
destroy  them  have  been,  1.  To  subject  them  to 
the  action  of  certain  astringent  powders  or  solu- 
tions, to  obtain  their  resolution.  2.  Cauterization 
or  the  application  of  the  actual  cautery  or  caus- 
tics. 3.  Excision  or  ablation  with  a  cutting  in- 
strument. 4.  Extirpation  with  the  fingers  or  with 
the  polypus  forceps.  5.  A  ligature,  put  round 
them  so  as  to  prevent  their  nutrition.  A  seton 
has,  also,  been  sometimes  used  to  gradually  de- 
stroy the  pedicle. 

The  term  Polypi,  Pseudopol'ypi,  Cardi'tis  po- 
It/po'sn,  Pol'ypiform  Concre'tiorts,  (F.)  Concretions 
jxilypeuses  ou  polypiformes  on  sanguines  du  Cceur, 
Hemucardioplasties,  (Piorry,)  has  likewise  been 
applied  to  collections  of  blood — fibrinous  concre- 
tions—  found  in  the  heart  or  great  vessels  after 
dissolution.  These  were  once,  erroneously,  re- 
garded as  morbid.  The  presence  of  these  con- 
cretions may  be  suspected,  when  in  the  course  of 
an  acute  or  chronic  affection  of  the  heart,  or  at 
the  close  of  chronic  diseases  in  general — especially 
those  of  the  lungs  —  the  heart's  action  becomes 
suddenly  tumultuous,  obscure,  and  accompanied 
with  a  soft  bellows'  murmur,  whilst  the  general 
symptoms  indicate  the  effects  of  obstructed  circu- 
lation. The  right  cavities  are  most  frequently 
affected. 

Pol'ypus  Bronchia'lis,  Bronchlemmi'tis, 
Bronchi'ti's  membrana'cea,  B.  plastic,  Bronchial 
Croup,  Chronic  Croup  (?)  Pseudo-mem' hranoiis 
Bronchitis.  A  membraniform  secretion  in  the 
bronchial  tubes  of  a  diphtheritic  character,  having 
the  shape,  when  unexpectorated,  of  the  bronchia. 
It  is  the  result  of  inflammation  of  the  lining 
membrane  of  those  tubes. 

Polypus  Carnosus,  Sarcoma — p.  Fibrosus,  see 
Polypus  —  p.  Uteri,  Metropolypus. 

POLYRRHIZON,  Polypodium  filix  mas. 

POLYRRH(EA,  Profluvium. 

POLYS  AR 'CIA,  Poly  sarco' sis,  from  ttoXv?, 
'much,'  and  capf,  'flesh.'  Carnos'itas,  Polyso- 
rna'tia,  Adelipa'ria,  Corpulen'tia,  Steati'tes.  Ex- 
cessive corpulency.  Authors  have  distinguished 
two  varieties  of  this:  —  Polysarcia  Carno'sa, 
Cor'pnlency,  and  P.  Adipo'sa,  Polypio'nia,  Pi- 
melo'sis  nim'ia.  Pachys'mus,  Pachyn'sis,  Ohes'itas, 
Hyperpim'elc,  Lipa'ria,  Adipo'sis,  Polysar'cia 
faginc'sa^  Empyme'lium  polysar'cia,  Baryso'mia, 
Barysomat'ica,  Lipo'sis,  Lipar'otcs,  Lipas'ma, 
Pinguitu'do,  Pin'guitude,  Obea'ity,  (F.)  ObSsitS, 
Embonpoint  excess!/.     A  severe  regimen  and  ex- 


ercise are  the  best  preventives.  Children  are 
occasionally  met  with  of  unusual  fatness,  in  spit« 
of  every  care.  This  moibid  deposition  has  been 
termed  Polypio'nia  infantum,  and  Chloro'sia  gi- 
gante'a. 

Polysarcia  Viscerum,  Physconia  adiposa. 

POLYSARCOSIS,  Polysarcia. 

POLYSIA'LIA;  from  ttoXvs,  'much,'  and  cia- 
\ov,  '  saliva.'     Excessive  discharge  of  saliva. 

POLYSOMATIA,  Polysarcia. 

POLYSPAS'TON,  from  no\us,  'much,'  and 
craw,  '  I  draw.'  A  powerful  instrument  for  re- 
ducing luxations. —  Gorrseus. 

POLYSPER'MIA;  from  ttoXvj,  'much,'  and 
mrtpiia,  'sperm.'     Richness  or  fulness  of  sperm. 

POLYSTICUM  CALLIPTERIS,  Polypodium 
filix  mas — p.  Filix  Mas,  Polypodium  filix  mas. 

POLYSTOMA  PINGUICOLA,  see  Worms  — 
— p.  Venarum,  see  Worms. 

POLYTRIC,  Asplenium  trichomanoides. 

POLYT'RICHUM,  from  TroAuf,  'much,'  and 
^pi^,  'hair.'  Polyt'ricon,  Polyt'richum  vidga're, 
Adian'tum  au'reuni,  Golden  Maiden-hair,  (F.) 
Perce-mousse.  It  is  possessed  of  astringent  pro- 
perties, and  was  formerly  given  in  diseases  of  the 
lungs,  and  in  calculous  affections. 

POLYTRICHUM  COMMUNE,  Asplenium  tri- 
chomanoides. 

POLYTROPH'IA,  from  TroXuf,  'much,'  and 
rpe(pu>,  'I  nourish.'  Abundant  or  excessive  nu- 
trition. 

POLYURESIS,  Diabetes. 

POLYURIA,  Diabetes. 

POLYU'RICUS,  from  rroXv;,  'much,' and  ovpov, 
'urine.'  Sauvages  calls — Ischu'ria polyu' ricu — a 
kind  of  ischuria,  caused  by  accumulation  of  urine 
in  the  bladder. 

POMA,  Drink  —  p.  Chinensia,  see  Citrus  au- 
rantium. 

POMACEUM,  Cider. 

POMA'TUM,  Pomma'tum,  (F.)  Pommade,  Li- 
parole.  A  pharmaceutical  preparation,  employed 
only  externally ;  which  differs  but  little  from  an 
ointment,  except  in  having  generally  less  consist- 
ence. It  is  usually  made  aromatic,  and  coloured 
to  render  it  more  agreeable. 

Common  Pomatum  is  made  of  lard,  121bs ;  suet, 
41b s  ;  essence,  ^viij. 

Pomatum  ad  Labia  Demulcenda,  Cerate  for 
the  lips  —  p.  Epispasticum  flavum,  Unguentum 
lyttse  medicatum  alitid  —  p.  Epispasticum  viride, 
&e.,  Unguentum  lyttae  medicatum  —  p.  for  the 
Lips,  Cerate  for  the  lips — p.  Nitricum  vel  oxyge- 
natum,  Unguentum  acidi  nitrosi  —  p.  Saturni, 
Unguentum  plumbi  superacetatis. 

POMBALEA  IPECACUANHA,  see  Ipecacu- 
anha. 

POMEGRANATE,  Punica  granatum. 

POMILIUS,  see  Nanus. 

P03I3IADE,  Pomatum — p.  d'Alyon.  Unguen- 
tum acidi  nitrosi — p,  Antipsoriqxie  de  Jasser,  Un- 
guentum sulphuris  compositum — p.  d'Autenrieth, 
Unguentum  antimonii  tartarizati — p.  de  Cyrillo, 
Unguentum  muriatis  hydrargyri  oxygenato  me- 
dicatus — p.  Epispastique  jaune,  Unguentum 
lyttae  medicatum  aliud — p.  Epispastique  verte, 
Unguentum  lyttte  medicatum — p.  de  Garou,  Un- 
guentum epispasticum  de  daphne  gnidio. 

POMMADE  DE  GONDRET,  P.  ammoniacale 
de  Gondret  (F.),  Gondret's  Counterirritont,  Gon- 
drefs  ammnniacal  Caustic.  Liq.  ammon.  p.  ij  ; 
Sevi,  p.  j  ;  01.  amygdal.  p.  j  ;  M.  Used  to  excite 
a  speedy  revulsion  in  cases  of  chronic  affections 
of  the  brain,  incipient  cataract,  amaurosis,  &c.,  80 
well  as  to  cauterize  the  integuments  deeplj'. 

The  above  formula,  is  that  of  the  French  Co- 
dex, but,  according  to  M.  Trousseau,  it  is  much 
too  hard  for  use,  unless  the  weather  is  warm. 


P03niADE 


roi 


POPULUS 


He  proposes  two  formulas,  one  for  summer,  the 
other  for  winter.  In  the  former  he  directs  three 
parts  of  lard,  one  of  suet,  and  four  of  liquor  am- 
tnonicB;  in  the  latter,  equal  parts  of  lard  and 
liquor  ammonics. 

POinrADE  POUR  LES  LEVEES,  Cerate 
for  the  lips — p.Ophthalmique  (Regent's,)  Unguen- 
tum  ophthalmicum — p.  Oxygenee,  Unguentum 
acidi  nitrosi — p.  Stihiee,  Unguentum  antimonii 
tartarizati. 

P0M3IE,  see  Pyrus  malus — p.  d'Adam,  Po- 
mum,  Adami — p.  d  Amour,  Solanum  lycopersicum 
— p.  Epineuse,  Datura  stramonium — p.  de  Mer- 
veille,  Momordica  balsamica — p.  Mousseuse,  Be- 
degar — p.  de  Terre,  Solanum  tuberosum. 

POMMES  HEMORRHOID  ALES,  see  Vis- 
cum  album. 

POMMETTE,  see  Malae  os. 

POMMIER,  Pyrus  malus. 

POMPH'OLYX,  from  to/z^o?,  'a  bladder.'  A 
small  Tesicle  on  the  skin.  An  eruption  of  bulla 
or  hlehs,  appearing  without  any  inflammation 
around  them,  and  without  fever.  It  is  the  Ec- 
phlysis  Pompjholyx  of  Good.     See  Pemphigus. 

PoMPHOLTX,  Tutia,  Zinci  oxydum. 

POMPION,  Cucurbita  pepo. 

POMUM  ADA'MI,  (F.)  Pomme  d'Adam,  Ad- 
am's Apple.  The  projection  formed  by  the  thyroid 
cartilage  in  the  neck — of  males  particularly.  It 
is  so  called  from  a  notion  that  it  was  caused  by 
the  apple  sticking  in  the  throat  of  our  first  parent. 

PoMTJM  Amoris,  Testicle — p.  Hierosolymitanum, 
Momordica  balsamina — p.  Melongense,  see  Sola- 
num melongena  —  p.  Mirabile,  Momordica  Bal- 
samina—  p.  Spinosum,  Datura  stramonium. 

PONCTION,  Puncturing. 

POND  SHOVEL,  Unisema  deltifolia. 

PONDERA  ET  MENSUR^,  Weights  and 
measures. 

PONDUS,  Pudibilia — p.  Pharmaceuticum,  see 
Weights  and  Measures. 

PONGITIF,  Pungent. 

PONS  CEREBELLI,  Pons  Varolii  — p.  He- 
patis,  see  Lobulus  anonymus  —  p.  Sylvii,  Quad- 
rigemina  Tubercula  —  p.  Tarini,  Tarini  pons. 

Pons  Varo'lii,  Pons  Cerehel'li,  Corpus  annu- 
la're,  Proces' sus  annularis,  Prominen'tia  annula'- 
ris  cer'ebri,  Eminen'tia  annularis,  Varo'li's  bridge, 
Modus  eneeiyh'ali  vel  Cer'ebri,  Cerebral  protu'ber- 
ance,  Protubernn'tia  annula'ris  Willisii,  (F.) 
Protuberance  cerebrale,  P.  anmdaire,  3feseneS- 
phale,  Ilesocephale,  Pont  de  Varole,  Annular  pro- 
tuberance. An  eminence  at  the  upper  part  of  the 
rcedulla  oblongata,  first  described  by  Varolius. 
It  is  formed  by  the  union  of  the  crura  cerebri  and 
crura  cerebelli. 

Pons  Zygojiaticus,  Zygomatic  arch. 

PONTE,  see  Parturition — p.  Periodique,  see 
Parturition. 

PONTEDERIA  CORD  ATA,  Unisema  deltifolia. 

PONTICUM  ABSINTHIUM,  Artemisia  Pon- 
tica. 

POPLAR,  AMERICAN,  Liriodendron  —  p. 
Balm  of  Gilead,  Populus  Candicans  — -.p.  Black, 
Populus  —  p.  Tree,  Liriodendron — p.  Tulip-bear- 
ing, Liriodendron. 

POPLES,  Gare'tum,  Garretum,  Ignys,  Tg'nye, 
Snffra'gn,  Fossa  genu,  Fossa  poplitce'a,  the  Ham, 
the  Hough,  Hock,  (F.)  .Turret,  {rompost,  andplico, 
'  I  fold.'  The  posterior  part  of  the  knee  joint. 
The  ham  forms  what  is  called  the  popliteal  region 
or  space. 

POPLITiEUS,  Popliteal  muscle. 

POPLTTE,  Poplitffius  muscle. 

POPLITEAD,  see  Popliteal  aspect. 

Popi-ite'al,  PoplitcB'us,  Poplit'ic,  ivovapoples, 


'  the  ham.'  That  which  relates  to  the  ham.  A 
name  given  to  various  parts. 

Popliteal  Artery  —  Popliteal  portion  of  the 
crural,  —  (Ch.)  is  really  a  continuation  of  the 
femoral,  which  changes  its  name  on  passing 
through  the  adductor  magnus  muscle.  It  de- 
scends a  little  obliquely  outwards  into  the  hollow 
of  the  ham,  and  extends  from  the  commencement 
of  the  lower  third  of  the  thigh  to  the  end  of  the 
upper  quarter  of  the  leg,  where  it  terminates  by 
dividing  into  the  posterior  tibial  and  peroneal 
arteries.  In  the  ham,  it  gives  off  the  three  supe- 
rior articidar  arteries  ;  and,  at  the  top  of  the  leg, 
the  arteries  of  the  gemini  muscles  or  gemini 
branches,  (F.)  branches  jumelles,  the  two  inferior 
articidar  arteries,  and  the  tibialis  antica. 

Popliteal  Aspect.  An  aspect  towards  the 
side  on  which  the  poples  or  ham  is  situated. 
Barclay.  Poplite'ad  is  used  by  the  same  writer 
adverbially,  and  signifies  'towards  the  popliteal 
aspect.' 

Popliteal  Fossa,  Poples. 

Poplite'al  Glands,  Glan'dxdcB  poplita><B. 
Lymphatic  glands,  four  in  number,  seated  in  the 
popliteal  region  or  space. 

Popliteal  Muscle,  Poplitmus  Muscle,  Muscla 
Jarretier,  Femoro-popliti-tibial,  (Ch.,)  Subpop- 
litcBus,  (F.)  Mxtscle  poplite,  is  seated  in  the  pop- 
liteal region.  It  is  triangular,  long,  flat ;  and  is 
inserted,  on  the  one  hand,  by  means  of  a  strong 
tendon,  into  the  tuberosity  at  the  outer  condyle 
of  the  femur,  terminating  below  at  the  upper  part 
of  the  posterior  surface  of  the  tibia.  This  muscle 
bends  the  leg  on  the  thigh,  and,  reciprocally,  the 
thigh  on  the  leg.  When  the  leg  is  bent,  it  causes 
it  to  turn,  in  rotation,  inwards. 

Popliteal  Nerves.  They  result  from  the 
bifurcation  of  the  sciatic,  and  are  two  in  number, 
viz.  1.  The  external  popliteal,  Peroneal  nerve, 
Branehe  peroniere,  (Ch.)  It  is  smaller  than  the 
internal;  turns  to  the  outside  of  the  fibula  at  the 
upper  part  of  the  leg,  and  divides  into  the  mus- 
culo-cutaneous  branch,  nerf  pretibio-digital,  (Ch.) 
and  the  anterior  tibial,  nerf  piretihio-susphalange- 
taire,  (Ch.)  2.  The  inter'nal  poplite'al  nerve, 
Branehe  tibiale,  (Ch.)  which  is  larger  than  the 
other,  and  seems  to  be  the  real  continuation  of 
the  sciatic  nerve.  It  descends  vertically  into  the 
hollow  of  the  ham;  and  passes  beneath  the  apo- 
neurotic arch  of  the  Solaris  muscle,  beyond  which 
it  takes  the  name  tibial  nerve.  It  furnishes 
the  external  saphena  nerve,  and  a  number  of 
branches,  that  are  distributed  to  the  posterior 
muscles  of  the  leg.  It  then  passes  to  the  sole  of 
the  foot  to  be  divided  into  two  branches,  called 
Plantar  nerves. 

Popliteal  Region,  Poples — p.  Space,  Poples. 

Popliteal  Vein  has  the  same  arrangement  as 
the  artery  behind  which  it  is  situate. 

POPLITIC,  Popliteal. 

POPONAX,  see  Pastinaca  opoponax. 

POPPY,  CELANDINE,  Stylophorum  diphyl- 
lum  —  p.  Corn,  red,  Papaver  rhoeas  —  p.  Heads, 
see  Papaver — p.  Horn,  Stylophorum  diphylluni — 
p.  Juice,  Meconium — p.  Prickly,  Argemone  Mexi- 
cana — p.  Spotling,  Cucurbalus  Behen — p.  Thorn, 
Argemone  Mexicana  —  p.  White,  Papaver  —  p. 
White,  capsule,  see  Papaver. 

POP'ULUS,  Populus  nigra,  yEgei'ros,  Ache- 
ro'is,  Black  poplar,  (F.)  Peuplier  noir.  The 
young  buds,  oculi  or  rudiments  «f  the  leaves, 
which  appear  in  the  beginning  of  spring,  wero 
formerly  used  in  an  officinal  ointment  —  the  v,n- 
guen'tum  popule'um.  It  was,  also,  recommended 
in  chronic  aS'ections  of  the  lungs. 

The  bark  of  Pop'ulus  Tremulo'i'des,  American 
aspen,  of  P.  Trem'ula  seu  pen'dtda,  European 
aspen,  and  of  PoPULtrs  CAN'DicANS,^aZ»jo/  Gihad 


PORCELAINE 


702 


PORRIGO 


Poplar,  is  antiperiodic,  and  furnishes  salicin  and 
pojmlin,  in  whic'a  the  properties  probably  reside. 
PoPDLUS  Balsamifera,  see  Fagara  octandra — 
p.  Candicans,  see  Populus — p.  Pendula,  P.  tremula 
— p.  Taoamahaca,  see  Fagara  octandra  —  p.  Tre- 
mula, see  Populus — p.  Tremuloides,  see  Populus. 
POItCELATNE,  Essera,  Urticaria. 
PORCELLIO,  Oniscus. 
PORCELLUS,  Oniscus. 
PORCULUS,  Oniscus. 

PORCUPINE  DISEASE,  Ichthyosis. 

Porcupine  Men,  Echinoder'mi.  Persons  have 
been  so  called  in  whom  the  cuticle  is  produced  in 
the  form  of  pointed  prolongations,  as  if  it  had 
been  moulded  on  the  papillse,  like  the  shorter  and 
blunter  quills  of  the  porcupine. 
.  POROUS,  Vulva. 

PORDE,  Crepitation. 

PORE,  Porus,  In'terstice,  Tropo;,  'a  passage.' 
Anatomists  have  given  this  name  to  the  openings 
at  the  extremities  of  vessels  at  the  surface  of  dif- 
ferent membranes.  Exhalant  Pores  have  been 
supposed  to  exist  in  the  <exhalants,  to  transmit 
the  fluids  exhaled.  —  Absorbent  Pores  are  em- 
ployed in  taking  up  parts  that  have  to  enter  the 
circulation.  Pores  exist  in  the  cuticle ;  yet  Hum- 
boldt, with  a  powerful  magnifying-glass,  was  un- 
able to  observe  them.  The  pores  of  the  skin 
have  also  been  called  spira'cida. 

POREBLIND,  Myopie. 

PORI  BILIA'RII,  Ductus  lilia'ru,  Sur'cull 
fell'ei.  Ducts  which  receive  the  bile  from  the 
pcnieilli  of  the  liver,  and  convey  it  to  the  hepatic 
duct. 

PoRi  Cuta'nei,  p.  Exhalan'fea  seu  Sudor!/' eri 
geu  Eesorhen'tes.     The  pores  of  the  skin. 

PoRi  Exhalantes,  p.  cutanei — p.  Pulmonum, 
Cellules,  bronchic — p.  Resorbentes,  P.  cutanei  — 
p.  Sudoriferi,  P.  cutanei. 

POROCE'LE,  from  rtopoj,  callus,'  and  kyiXv, 
'  a  tumour.'  A  hard  tumour  of  the  testicle  or  its 
envelopes. 

POROMA,  Induration. 

POROMPHALOCELE,  Poromphalon. 

POROM'PHALON,  Poromph'alm,  Porompha- 
loce'le,  from  -ruipog,  'hard,'  and  opitpa^os,  'the 
navel.'  Umbilical  hernia  with  hard  and  thick- 
ened parietes. 

POROS,  Canal. 

POROSIS,  Chalaza,  Induration. 

POROT'IC,  Porot'icus,  from  -rtwpog,  'callus.' 
A  remedy  believed  to  be  capable  of  assisting  the 
formation  of  callus. 

PORPHYRA,  Purpura  — p.  Groecorum,  Pe- 
techise  —  p.  Hcemorrhagica,  Purpura  haamorrha- 
gica. 

PORPHYRISMA,  Scarlatina. 

PORPIIYRISMUS,  Scarlatina. 

PORPHYRIZATION,  Levigation. 

PORPHYRO-TYPIIUS,  see  Typhus. 

P0RPHYRU'RIA,Por;j^2/'''''''"»/  ^om  irop<pvpa, 
'purple,'  and  ovpov,  'urine.'  A  state  of  the  urine 
— pur'puric  urine — in  which  it  deposits  the  re- 
markable colouring  matter — jnir' purine — in  asso- 
ciation with  urate  of  ammonia. 

POR'PHYRY,  Porphyri'tes,  from  TTop<pvpa, 
'purple.'  A  species  of  very  hard,  compound 
rock,  susceptible  of  considerable  polish,  and  used 
in  the  fabrication  of  mortars  and  slabs  for  the 
apothecary. 

Porphyry,  Black,  Ophites. 

PORPIEYURIA,  Porpnyruria. 

PORRACE,  Porraceous. 

PORRA'CEOUS,  Porra'ceus,  Pra'sinus,  from 
jjorrum,  'a  leek.'  (F.)  PorracL  Having  the 
green  colour  of  the  leek.    An  epithet  given  to 


certain  excreted  matters,  —  the  sputa,  bile  and 

fasces  particularly. 

PORREAU,  Allium  porrum. 

PORRECTUM,  Lever. 

PORRET,  Allium  porrum. 

POBRIGINE,  Porrigo  favosa. 

PORRIGINEUX,  Porriginous. 

PORRIGINOSUS,  Porriginous. 

PORRIG"INOUS,  Porrigino'sus,  (F.)  Pnrri. 
gineux.     Appertaining  to  porrigo. 

PORRPGO  (L.),  '  scurf  or  scall  in  the  head.' 
Tin'ea,  Favus,  Furfura'tio,  Fur'furcs,  Ecpye'iiia 
porrigo,  PMyms  porrigo,  from  porrigere,  '  to 
spread.'  (F.)  Teigne,  Rache.  Some  of  the  varie- 
ties are  contagious.  It  is  principally  character- 
ized by  an  eruption  of  the  pustules,  called  favi 
and  achores,  unaccompanied  by  fever. 

Porrigo  Decal'vans,  Trieho'm'a  a'rea,  Arec, 
Alopc'cia  area'ta,  A.  partia'Us,  A.  circumncrip'la, 
Phytoalope' eia,  Tyr'ia,  Tyro'ma,Ophi'asis,  Tin'td 
tondens,  Herpena  tonsu'rans,  Limited  or  jyartiul 
Baldness,  consists  of  patches  of  baldness  without 
decay  or  change  of  colour  in  the  surrounding 
hair,  the  exposed  parts  of  the  scalp  being  glab- 
rous, white,  and  shining.  The  morbid  condition 
sometimes  spreads,  so  that  the  patches  coales(•<^, 
rendering  the  baldness  extensive.  To  a  vege- 
table growth  found  at  the  roots  of  the  hair 
in  Tinea  tondens,  Malmsten  of  Stockholm 
has  given  the  name  Trichoph'yton  tonsuhanji. 
The  treatment  consists  in  keeping  the  scalp 
cleared  by  constant  shaving,  and  in  the  steady 
application  of  some  stimulating  liniment  or  oint- 
ment. 

Porrigo  Favo'sa,  Ce'rion,  Faviis,  Ecpyt'tis 
porrigo  favosa,  Tinea  favosa,  Sca'bies  cap'itis 
favosa,  Melice'ra,  Melice'rum,  Ilelice'ria,  Mel- 
lifa'viuni;  Porrigophyte,  Honey -comh  Scall  or 
Tetter,  (F.)  Teigne  faveuse,  Porrigine,  This  con- 
sists in  an  eruption  of  pustules  common  to  the 
head,  trunk,  and  extremities,  pea-sized,  flattened 
at  the  top,  in  clusters,  often  uniting;  discharge, 
fetid;  scabs,  honey-combed;  the  cells  filled  with 
fluid.  It  occurs  both  in  early  and  adult  life. 
Modern  researches  have  satisfied  some  observers, 
that  the  crusts  of  favus  are  of  vegetable  nature, 
and  formed  of  a  parasitic  plant,  belonging  to  the 
genus  mycoderm'a,  for  which  Ptcmak  has  pro- 
posed the  name  Achorion  Schbnleini.  The  point 
is  not,  however,  settled.  The  treatment  of  this 
variety  must  consist  in  the  exhibition  of  laxatives 
and  the  mildest  stimulating  ointments,  such  as 
the  Ung.  zinci,  Ung.  hydrargyri  prcecipitat.  alb., 
&c.  Eczema  of  the  hairy  scalp  is  often  con- 
founded with  Porrigo. 

Porrigo  Fur'purans,  Ecpyesia  porrigo  fur- 
fura'cea,  Tinea  furfuraeea,  Tinea  p)orrigino'«a. 
Pityriasis  Tricho'sis  fnrfura' cea,  Teigne  fur- 
furaeee  (Alibert),  commences  with  an  eruption 
of  small  achores,  the  fluid  of  which  soon  concretes 
and  separates  in  innumerable,  thin,  laminated 
scabs,  or  scale-like  exfoliations.  It  is  attended 
with  a  good  deal  of  itching  and  some  soreness  of 
the  scalp,  to  which  the  disease  is  confined.  It 
occurs  chiefly  in  adults.  In  the  treatment,  the 
scalp  must  be  kept  shaved.  The  part  must  bo 
washed  repeatedly  with  soap  and  water,  and  an 
oiled  silk  cap  worn.  The  nature  of  the  ointments 
used  must  vary  according  to  the  period  of  disease 
and  the  irritability  of  the  part  affected.  Zinc 
ointment;  —  one  made  with  the  Cocculus  indicus  : 
—  the  Sulphur  ointment;  —  Citrine  ointment  and 
Ihig.  hydrargyri  nitrico-oxydi ;  Tar  ointment  and 
Nitric  acid  ointment  have  all  been  found  useful. 
Should  inflammation  ar  discharge  arise,  these 
applications  must  of  course  be  intermitted. 
Porrigo  Larvalis,  P.  lupinosa. 
Porrigo  Larva'lis,  Crueta  lac'tea,  Ecp^*i» 


PORRIGOPHYTE 


ro3 


PORTE-VEINE 


Porrtgo  crxuta' cea,  Menti'go,  Achor,  Tin'ea  lac'- 
tea,  T.  Fa'ciei,  Jfilki/  scall  or  Tetter,  Lactu'men, 
Lacti'go,  CF.)  Grodte  de  lait,  Croiite  laiteuse,  Feux 
volages,  La  Graine.  This  is,  almost  exclusively, 
a  disease  of  infancy.  It  commonly  appears  first 
on  the  forehead  and  cheeks,  in  an  eruption  of 
numerous,  minute,  whitish  achores  on  a  red  sur- 
face. These  break  and  discharge  a  viscid  fluid, 
■which  becomes  incrusted  in  thin,  yellowish,  or 
greenish  scabs.  The  patches  spread,  until  the 
whole  face  becomes,  as  it  were,  enveloped  in  a 
mask ;  hence  the  epithet  larvalis.  The  disease 
is  rather  a  variety  of  Eczema.  Sometimes  the 
eruption  appears  on  the  neck  and  breast ;  and, 
occasionally,  on  the  extremities.  In  general,  the 
health  of  the  child  does  not  suffer,  but  the  erup- 
tion is  always  attended  with  much  itching  and 
irritation.  The  treatment  consists  in  mild,  tepid 
ablution,  and  the  application  of  gently  stimu- 
lating ointments,  as  of  the  oxydum  zinci.  The 
bowels  must  be  kept  in  a  soluble  state  by  small 
doses  of  calomel,  or  by  rhubarb  and  magnesia. 

PORRIGO  LuplNo'sA,  Tin'ea  hqji'na,  Scabies 
eap'itis,  Ecpye'sis  porrigo  lupino'sa,  Porri'go 
larva'lis,  Impeti'go  figura'ta,  Tin'ea  granula'ta, 
T.  muco'sa,  Cruata  lactea  (of  some),  Jleiit'agra 
infan'tum,  (F.)  Teigne,  Dartre  cruHacee  flaves- 
cente,  consists  of  minute  pustules  in  small  patches, 
mostly  commencing  on  the  scalp ;  the  patches 
terminate  in  dry,  delving  scabs,  resembling  lupine 
seeds ;  the  interstices  often  covered  with  a  thin, 
whitish,  and  exfoliating  incrustation.  It  occurs 
chiefly  iu  early  life,  and  requires  the  same  treat- 
ment as  the  last. 

Porrigo  Scotula'ta,  Tin'ea  granula'ta,  Ec- 
pye'sis porrigo  galea'ta,  Tinea  fico'sa,  Acho'res 
seu  Sca'bies  cap'itis.  Ringworm  of  the  Scalp, 
Scalled  head,  (F.)  Teigne  annulaire,  T.  en  annean, 
T.  nummulaire.  It  commences  with  clusters  of 
small,  light,  yellow  pustules,  which  soon  scab  oS; 
and,  if  neglected,  become  hard  by  accumulation. 
If  the  scabs  be  removed,  the  surface  is  left  red 
and  shining,  but  studded  with  slightly  elevated 
points.  If  not  attended  to,  it  involves  the  whole 
head.  It  occurs  in  children  three  or  four  years 
of  age,  and  is  very  unmanageable.  The  rules 
laid  down  under  Porrigo  fur/urans  must  be  here 
still  more  perseveriugly  enforced.  The  whole 
tribe  of  stimulating  ointments  may  be  used  in 
succession.  No  one  will  always  succeed,  and 
hence  the  necessity  of  change,  provided  advan- 
tage should  not  seem  to  follow  any  particular 
application.  The  Ungnentum  ad  Seahiem,  of  Ban- 
yer,  sometimes  cures,  when  others  fail. 

PORRIGOPHYTE,  Porrigo  favosa. 

PORRUM,  Allium  porrum,  Thymion. 

PORRUS,  Sarcoma,  Thymion. 

PORTA,  T:v\r,,  Pyle,  '  a  gate.'  The  part  of  the 
liver  where  its  vessels  enter  as  by  a  gate.  Also, 
the  Vulva. 

Porta  Jecoris,  Porta  vena. 

Porta  Vena,  Vena  porta,  V.  porta'rum.  seu 
jxirta'lis,  Rama'lis  vena,  Jan'itrix,  Vena  magna 
seu  qu(B  ad  partus  est  seu  sfeleehicB'a  seu  lac'tea 
sen  ostia'ria.  Porta  Jec'oris,  Porta,  Vena  arte- 
rio'sa  seu  arterin'lis,  Ifanus  Jec'oris  seu  he'patis. 
Vena  ad  portas.  The  System  of  the  vena  porta 
or  the  Ahdom'inal  venous  system,  (F.)  Veine  porte, 
Porte  veine,  is  a  vascular  apparatus  of  black 
blood,  situate  in  the  abdomen,  and  resulting  from 
two  distinct  orders  of  vessels,  united  into  one 
common  trunk.  1.  One  of  these  trunks,  much 
more  extensive  than  the  other,  has  received  the 
name  Vena  porta  ahdomina'lia,  because  it  arises 
from  all  tb3  organs  enclosed  in  the  cavity  of  the 
abdomen,  except  the  kidneys  and  bladder;  and 
JQ  the  female,  the  uterus.  The  Abdominal  vena 
porta  has  two  principal  roots,  the  splenic  vein 


and  the  superior  mesenteric,  which  have  their 
ramifications  in  all  the  digestive  organs.  2.  Tha 
other  trunk,  destined  solely  to  the  liver,  haa 
been  called  the  Hepat'ic  vena  porta.  It  appears 
to  be  a  continuation  of  the  abdominal  vena  porta, 
and  proceeds  towards  the  inferior  surface  of  the 
liver.  Opposite  to  the  transverse  fissure  of  that 
organ,  it  divides, like  an  artery, into  two  branches, 
which,  by  their  union,  seem  to  form  a  canal  or 
duct,  called  by  some  the  Sinus  of  the  vena  j.orta. 
These  branches  are  distributed  in  the  substance 
of  the  liver,  whither  they  are  accompanied  by  n 
prolongation  of  the  fibrous  capsule  of  that  organ, 
—  the  capsule  of  Glisson.  The  different  branches 
of  the  vena  porta  are  devoid  of  valves.  See  Liver. 

PORTAL,  from  porta,  '  a  gate.'  Relating  to 
the  porta  of  the  liver,  —  as  the  portal  system,  or 
system  of  the  vena  porta.  By  extension,  the 
term  has  been  applied  to  an  analogous  system  of 
vessels  in  the  kidney.     See  Kidney. 

Portal  Fissure,  see  Liver  —  p.  System  of  the 
Kidney,  see  Kidney — p.  Veins  of  the  Kidney, 
see  Kidney. 

PORTE-ATGUILLE,  Acutenac' ulum.  Needle- 
carrier,  Needle-bearer,  from  (F.)  porter,  '  to  car- 
ry,' and  aiguille,  '  a  needle.'  An  instrument  for 
accurately  laying  hold  of  a  needle,  and  giving  it 
greater  length,  when  it  is  so  fine  and  small  that 
it  cannot  be  held  by  the  fingers.  It  is  of  steel  or 
silver,  about  two  inches  long,  and  throughout  the 
whole,  almost,  of  its  length,  divided  into  two 
branches,  so  as  to  form  a  kind  of  forceps,  capable 
of  being  closed  by  means  of  a  sliding  ring.  A 
modification  of  this  instrument  was  devised  by 
Dr.  Physick  for  taking  up  deep-seated  arteries 
beyond  the  reach  of  a  tenaculum  or  common 
needle.  It  consists  of  a  forceps  so  constructed 
as  to  hold  in  its  extremity  a  needle  armed  with 
a  ligature.  The  handles  of  the  forceps  are  fas- 
tened together,  temporarily,  by  a  spring  or  catch  ; 
and,  when  the  needle  is  fairly  deposited  beneath 
the  vessel,  it  is  disengaged  from  the  forceps  and 
drawn  out,  leaving  the  ligature  behind,  which 
can  be  tied  without  diflaculty. 

PORTE-BOUGIE,  (F.)  A  silver  canula 
similar  to  that  of  a  trochar,  except  that  it  is 
longer.  It  is  used  for  conducting  bougies  into 
the  urethra. 

POR  TE-  CA  USTIQ  UE,  Porte-pierre—-p. 
Feuille,  Subscapularis. 

PORTE-LIGATURE,  fromporfer,  'to  carry,' 
and  ligature.  An  instrument  for  conveying  a 
ligature  to  deep-seated  parts. 

PORTE-IIEOHE  (F.),  from  joorAr,  'to  carry, 
and  meche,  'a  tent.'  An  instrument  for  carrying 
tents  or  meehes  deeply  into  fistulous  openings,  or 
sinuses,  to  the  bottom  of  ulcers,  &c.  It  is  a  wire 
of  silver  or  steel,  four  or  five  inches  long,  having 
a  notch  at  one  extremity,  and  a  button  at  the 
other. 

PORTE-MOXA,  (F.)  A  small  instrument 
for  keeping  the  moxa  applied  to  a  part  to  be 
cauterized.  It  consists  of  a  metallic  ring — sepa- 
rated from  the  skin  by  three  supports  of  ebony — 
to  which  a  handle  is  adapted. 

PORTE-N(EUD  (P.),  irom  porter,  'to  carry.' 
and  ncevd,  'a knot.'  An  instrument  for  carrying 
a  ligature  round  the  base  or  pedicle  of  a  tumour. 

PORTE-PIERRE  {'F.),Porte-caustique,  Cgm- 
tie  bearer.  An  instrument  similar  to  a  porie- 
crayon  for  carrying  lunar  caustic. 

PORTE-SONDE,  (F.)  An  instrument  resem- 
bling a  porte-crayon,  employed  for  holding  the 
style  or  sonde,  and  inserting  it  more  readily  into 
the  nasal  duct,  during  the  operation  for  fistul* 
lachrymaris. 

P  OR  TE-  VEINE,  Porta  Vena. 


PORTER 


704 


POTASH 


PORTER,  Cerevisia. 

PORTIO  DURA,  Facial  nerve  —  p.  Inter  du- 
ram  et  moUem,  Portio  Wrisbergii — p.  Intermedia 
Wrisbergii,  Portio  Wrisbergii — p.  Media  inter 
portion  em  duram  et  portionem  mollem,  Portio 
Wrisbergii. 

Portio  Mollis,  Auditory  nerve. 

Por'tio  Wrisber'gii,  Portio  interme' diaWris- 
her'gii,  Portio  media  inter  portionem  duram  et 
portionem  mollem,  Portio  inter  diiram  et  mollem, 
(F.)  Faisceau  intermediare  de  Wrisherg,  Inter- 
mediaire  de  Wrisherg.  A  small,  white  fasciculus, 
intermediate  between  tbe  portio  mollis  and  portio 
dura  of  the  seventh  pair  of  nerves,  which  was 
first  described  by  Wrisberg.  The  Chorda  Tym- 
pani  is  supposed  by  some  to  emanate  from  this 
nerve. 

PORTION  GOSTO-TRAOHELIENNE^BTJ 
SACRO-SPINAL,  Longissimus  dorsi— ^j.  Ecail- 
lexijc  on  squameux  du  temporal.  Squamous  portion 
of  the  temporal — p.  Lomiaire  du  plexus  crural, 
Lumbar  j)lexus. 

PORTION  GODRONNEE  DE  LA  CORNE 
D'AMMON.  A  name  given  by  Vieq  d'Azyr  to 
a  small,  denticulated  cord,  of  a  compact  tissue 
and  granular  appearance,  which  unites  the  cornu 
ammonis  to  the  paries  of  the  lateral  ventricle. 

PORTONARIUM,  Pylorus,  Duodenum. 

PORTULA'CA,  Andrach'ne,  Al'lium  Gal'licum, 
Portula'ca  olcra'cea.  Purslane,  (F.)  Pourpier  cul- 
tive.  This  plant  abounds  with  a  watery  and 
somewhat  acid  juice ;  and  is  often  put  into  soups 
or  pickled  with  spices.  It  is  regarded  as  anti- 
septic and  aperient. 

POROUS,  Callus,  Meatus  —  p.  Aeusticus,  Au- 
ditory canal,  internal. 

PORUS  OP'TICUS.  An  opening  in  the  centre 
of  the  cribriform  lamella  of  the  sclei'otic,  through 
which  the  central  artery  of  the  retina  enters  the 
eyeball. 

POSCA,  Oxycrate. 

POSE,  Coryza. 

POSIMOS,  Potable. 

POSITION,  FALSE,  False  position. 

POSOL'OGY,  Posol.og"ia,  Posiolog"in,  from 
Tocoq,  '  quantity,'  and  Aoyof,  '  a  discourse.'  Indi- 
cation of  the  doses  in  which  the  diflferent  articles 
of  the  materia  medica  ought  to  be  exhibited. 

POSSET,  Posse' turn,  from  (L.)  posca,  'sour 
wine  and  water.'  Milk  curdled  with  wine,  or  any 
acid,  or  treacle.  A  preparation  of  beer  and  milk  j 
Zythog'ala. 

Posset,  Sack,  see  Sack — p.  Sago,  see  Sago. 

POSSETING,  Regurgitation  (of  Infants). 

POSTBRACHIALB,  Metacarpus.   ' 

POSTCARPIUM,  Metacarpus. 

POSTE'RIOR  ANNULA'RIS.  An  external, 
interosseous  muscle,  which  arises  from  the  corre- 
sponding sides  of  the  metacarpal  bones  of  the 
ring-finger  and  little  finger,  and  is  inserted  into 
„he  inside  of  the  tendon  on  the  back  of  the 
ring-finger.  Its  use  is  to  draw  the  ring-finger 
inwards. 

Posterior  Aitris,  Retrahens  auris. 

Posterior  In'dicis  Manus.  An  internal,  in- 
terosseous muscle,  which  arises  from  the  inner 
or  ulnar  side  of  the  metacarpal  bone  of  the  fore- 
linger,  and  is  inserted  into  the  inside  of  the  ten- 
<5on  on  the  back  of  the  fore-finger.  Its  use  is  to 
draw  the  fore-finger  inwards. 

Posterior  Indicis  Pedis,  Ahduc'tor  Indicis 
Pedis  An  external,  interosseous  muscle,  which 
arises  from  the  contiguous  sides  of  the  metatarsal 
hones  of  the  fore-toe,  and  second  of  the  small 
r.oes,  and  is  inserted  into  the  outside  of  the  root 


of  the  first  bone  of  the  fore-toe.    Its  use  is  to  pnll 

the  fore-toe  outwards. 

Posterior  Me'dii  Dig"iti  Manus.  An  exter- 
nal, interosseous  muscle,  which  arises  from  the 
corresponding  sides  of  the  metacarpal  bones  of 
the  middle  and  ring-fingers  ,•  and  is  inserted  into 
the  inside  of  the  tendon  on  the  back  of  the  mid- 
dle finger.  Its  use  is  to  draw  the  middle  finger 
inwards. 

Posterior  Medii  Dig"iti  Pedis,  Abductor 
medii  digiti  pedis.  An  external,  interosseous 
muscle,  which  originates  from  the  contiguous 
sides  of  the  metatarsal  bones  of  the  second  and 
third  of  the  small  toes,  and  is  inserted  into  the 
outside  of  the  root  of  the  first  bone  of  the  second 
of  the  small  toes.  Its  use  is  to  pull  the  toe  out- 
wards. 

Posterior  Ter'tii  Dig"iti,  Adduc'tor  tertii 
digiti.  An  external,  interosseous  inuscle,  which 
arises  from  the  contiguous  sides  of  the  metatarsal 
bones  of  the  third  and  fourth  of  the  small  toes, 
and  is  inserted  into  the  outside  of  the  root  of  the 
first  bone  of  the  third  of  the  small  toes.  Its  use 
is  to  pull  the  toe  outwards. 

POSTHE.  Penis,  Prepuce. 

POSTHET'OMIST,  Posthet'omus,  from  ttoo^, 
'prepuce,'  and  rojtri,  'incision.'  One  who  per- 
forms the  operation  of  circumcision. 

POSTHETOMY,  Circumcision. 

POSTHIA,  Hordeolum. 

POSTHIOPLAS'TIC,  Posthioplas'ticus,  from 
Toa^rt,  '  the  prepuce,'  and  rXatro-M,  '  I  form.'  An 
epithet  applied  to  the  operation  for  restoring  the 
prepuce. 

POSTHI'TIS,  from  ro«T0)7,  'the  prepuce,  the 
penis,'  and  ■?■??■*,  the  termination  for  inflammation. 
Inflammation  of  the  prepuce  or  penis. 

POSTHIUM,  Prepuce. 

POSTHON'CUS,  from  Tocer,,  'the  prepuce  or 
penis,'  and  oyKo;,  '  a  tumour.'  Swelling  of  the 
prepuce  or  penis. 

POSTHOPLAS'TICA,  from  TroaOr,,  'prepuce,' 
and  TiXaaTiKos,  '  formative.'  The  art  of  making  a 
new  prepuce. 

POST'HUMOUS,  from  post,  'after,'  andhnmus, 
'the  ground.'     Occurring  after  death. 

PosTHiiifoiTS  Child.  One  born  after  the  death 
of  its  father,  or  taken  from  the  dead  body  of  its 
mother,  as  by  the  Ctesarean  section. 

POST-MORTEM.  'After  death;'  as  ' a  post 
mortem  or  necroscopic  examination.' 

POST-NATUS.  In  the  old  law  writers,  the 
second  son. 

POST-PARTUM.  'After  delivery.'  As 'post 
partum  hemorrhage.' 

POSTPOSIT"IO.  Delay  in  the  return  of  a 
paroxysm.  It  is  opposed  to  anticipatio,  which 
means  the  return  of  a  paroxysm  earlier  than  its 
accustomed  hour. 

In  this  sense,  we  speak  of  an  anticipating,  and 
a  postponing  [Fehris  hysteret'ica)  intermittent. 

POSTREMA,  Uterus. 

PO'TABLE,  Potah'ilis,  from  potnre,  'to  drink.' 
Pot'imos,  Pofos,  Pos'imos,  'drinkable'  Water  is 
said  to  be  potable,  when  it  contains  atmospheric 
air;  is  not  brackish  ;  and  has  no  mineral  impreg- 
nation of  consequence. 

POTASH.  So  called  from  the  pots  or  vessels 
in  which  it  was  made; — Vegetable  alkali,  Gastri- 
num.     Also,  Potass. 

Potash  op  Commerce,  Potassn  impn'ra,  Im- 
pure potassa,  Ala' men  cati'n)tin,  Cin'eres  Rus'sici, 
Subcar'bonas  potns'sa  impn'rus,  Potas'sm  cnr'bo- 
nas  impnrus, — the  Pearlash  of  commerce,  is  pre- 
pared from  the  ashes  of  land-plants  by  calcina- 
tion, solution  in  water,  filtration,  and  evaporation. 
It  usually  consists  of  subearbonate  of  potasss. 


POTASS 


r05 


POTASS^ 


SHlphate  of  potassa,  chloride  of  potassium,  sil-ex, 
oxide  of  iron,  &o. 

From  the  ashes  of  lees  of  -wine,  and  from  vine- 
twigs,  a  much  purer  alkali  is  obtained.  It  is 
called  Cinia  infecto' rius,  G.  fcscum,  Cin'eres  cla- 
veUa'ti,  Alu'nien  facum,  Cin'eres  gruvella'ti,  (F.) 
Cendres  gravSleea,  Cendres  de  sarment. 

Another  variety  of  the  alkali  is  afforded  by 
burning  argol  in  a  crucible  :  aftervrards  powder- 
ing and  calcining  it,  till  it  is  nearly  white ;  then 
dissolving  in  water,  filtering,  and  evaporating.  It 
is  called  Salt  of  Tartar,  Sal  Tar'tari,  Kali  j^ra- 
2}'xra'tuni  e  tar'iaro,  Kali  e  tartaro,  Suhcar'hona%, 
potasscB  puris'simus,  Potas'soB  subcar'boiias  e  tar'- 
taro.  Lastly,  when  wormwood  is  burnt  to  ashes, 
dissolved  in  water,  filtered,  and  evaporated  to 
dryness,  it  affords  another  variety  of  vegetable 
alkali,  the  Salahsin'thii  or  Salt  of  loornuvood. 

Impure  potash  is  used  for  preparing  the  sub- 
carbonate  for  medical  use. 

POTASS,  Potassa,  Potassa  fusa,  Potash.  The 
protoxide  of  potassium. 

POTASSA,  ACETATE  OF,  Potassae  acetas  — 
p.  Bichromate  of,  Potassee  bichromas  —  p.  Bisul- 
phate  of,  Potassa3  supersulphas — p.  Bitartrate  of, 
Potassae  supertartras  —  p.  Carbonate  of,  Potasste 
carbonas  —  p.  Carbonate  of,  pure,  see  Potassse 
subcarbouas — p.  Chlorate  of,  Potassse  murias  hy- 
peroxygenatus  —  p.  Chromate  of,  Potass^  chro- 
mas  —  p.  Chromate  of,  neutral,  Potassje  chromas 
—  p.  Chromate  of,  yellow,  Potassse  chromas. 

PoTAs'SA  CUM  CalcE,  Potass  with  lime,  Calx 
cum  call  puro,  Cans' ticwn  commu'ne  for'tius,  La- 
2>i-i  inferna'lis  give  sep'tieus,  Kali  caus'ticum  cum 
calce,  Potas'sa  ope  calcis  para'ta  et  igne  fusa, 
Lapis  cans' ticus,  (F.)  Pofasse  preparee  avec  la 
chaux,  P.  a  la  Ckaux,  Pierre  a  cautere.  [Po- 
tassce,  Calcis  aa  ^j.  Rub  together,  and  keep  in 
a  well-stopped  bottle.  Ph.  U.  S.)  Used  for  the 
same  purposes  as  the  next,  but  more  manageable; 
bding  less  deliquescent. 

Potassa,  Euchlorate  of.  Potass^  murias 
hyperoxygenatus  —  p.  Ferrocyanate  of,  Potassii 
ferrocyanuretum — p.  Ferroprussiate  of,  Potassa} 
cyanuretum. 

Potassa  Fusa,  Potassa,  Kali  caus'ticum.  Fused 
potass,  Caus'ticum  comnnt'iie  acer'rimum.  Kali 
puruni,  Al'kali  cegetaL' He  fixxnn  caus'ticum,  Oaus- 
tieum  alhali'num,  C.  commu' iie,  C.  Potentia'le,  G. 
Sali'num.,  Hydras  ka'Hcum,  Hydras  potas'sa 
pura  fuscB,  Potasses  hydras,  Lapis  caus'ticus.  La- 
pis causticus  chirurgo'rum,  Lapis  inferna'lis  alca- 
Ii')nis,  Lj.  Sep' ticus,  Rupto'rium  commu'ne.  Fixed 
veg"etahle  alkali,  Hydrate  of  Potassa,  (F.)  Po- 
tnnse  caustique.  (Prepared  by  evaporating  solu- 
tion of  potass  to  dryness  in  an  iron  vessel.) 
This  preparation  is  generally  run  into  cylindrical 
moulds,  covered  with  paper,  and  kept  in  well- 
corked  vessels.  It  is  powerfully  escharotic,  and 
is  used  for  forming  issues,  curing  strictures,  Ac. 

Potassa,  Fused,  Potassa  fusa — p.  Hydriodate 
of,  Potass88  hydriodas — p.  Hydrobromate  of,  see 
Bromine — p.  Hydrocyanate  of,  Potassii  cyanure- 
tum^p.  Hyperoxalas,  Potass,  oxalate  of — p.  Hy- 
])ertartras,  P.  supertartras  —  p.  Impura,  Potash 
of  commerce  —  p.  and  Iron,  tartrate  of,  Ferrum 
tartarizatum— p.  with  Lime,  Potassa  cum  calce — 
p.  Litjuida,  Liquor  potass*  —  p.  Mephite  of.  Po- 
tass* subcarbouas — p.  Monochromate  of,  Potassse 
chromas — p.  Muriate  of,  Potassee  murias — p.  Ni- 
trate of,  Potassaa  nitras  —  p.  Ope  calcis  parata  et 
jo-ne  fusa,  Potassa  cum  calce — p.  Oxymuriate  of, 
Potassto  murias  hyperoxygenatus -^  p.  Prussiate 
of,  Potassii  ferrocyanuretum — p.  and  Soda,  Tar- 
trate of.  Soda,  tartrate  of — p.  Subcarbonate  of, 
Potassse  subcarbouas  —  p.  Sulphate  of,  Potassas 
sulphas — p.  Sulphate  of,  acid.  Potass^  supersul- 
phas— p.  Sulphuret  of.  Potassas  sulphuretum — p. 
43 


Supercarbonate  of,  Potassse  carbonas — p.  Super- 
sulphate  of,  Potassse  supersulphas  —  p.  Supertar- 
trate  of,  Potassse  supertartras  —  p.  Tartrate  of, 
Potassse  tartras. 

POTASS^  ACE'TAS,  Acetas  kali,  Oxytar'ta- 
rus,  Acetas  lixiv'im  seu  ka'iicum,  Al'kali  tar'tari 
ace'to  satura'tum,  Alcali  vegetab'ile  cum  ac6t- ; 
3[agiste'rium  tartari  purgans,  Terra  folia' ta  Tar- 
tari.  Kali  aeeta'tum,  Sal  diuret'icus,  Sal  Senner'ii, 
Ac"etate  of  potass,  Arca'mim  tartari,  (F.)  Acetate 
de  potasse.  (Acid,  acetic.  Oj,  Potassa  carbon,  q.  s. 
Mix  and  add,  by  degrees,  enough  acetic  acid  to 
saturate  the  alkali.  Then  filter  and  evaporate 
till  a  pellicle  is  formed,  which  is  to  be  dried  upou- 
bibulous  paper;  evaporate  again  in  a  water-bath, 
and,  removing  the  pellicles,  dry.  —  Ph.  U.  S.) 

It  is  cathartic  and  diuretic.  Dose,  3J  to  3;ij, 
or  more. 

P0TASSJ3  ET  Alumin.e  Sulphas,  Alumen  — 
p.  Biantimonias,  Antimonium  diaphoreticum  — 
p.  Bicarbonas,  Potassaj  carbonas. 

Potas'SjE  Bichro'mas,  Kali  chro'micum  ru- 
brwn  seu  ac"idum  seu  bichro'inicum,  Bichro'mate 
of  potas'sa.  Procured  by  adding  sulphuric,  ni- 
tric, or  acetic  acid  to  a  solution  of  the  neutral 
chromate,  and  setting  it  aside  to  crystallize.  It 
is  a  violent  irritant  poison  ;  and  has  been  used 
as  a  caustic  in  cases  of  morbid  growths,  in  the 
proportion  of  from  half  a  drachm  to  a  drachm  of 
the  salt  to  from  an  ounce  to  an  ounce  and  a  half 
of  water. 

Potass^  Bisulphas,  P.  supersulphas  —  p.  Bi- 
tartras,  P.  supertartras. 

Potass,^  Car'bonas,  Kali  aera'tum,  Bicar'- 
honas  potasses,  Potas'sa  bicar'bonas  (Ph.  U.  S.) 
Deutocarbonas  potassii,  Carbonate,  bicar'bonaie, 
or  siiptercar'bonate  of  potassa.  This  is  not  caus- 
tic, like  the  subcarbonate  of  potass,  and  hence, 
has  been  preferred  to  relieve  acidity.  [Potasx. 
carbon,  tbiv,  AqucB  destillat.  Ox.  Pass  carbonic 
acid  through  the  solution  until  it  is  saturated, 
and  filter.  Evaporate  at  a  heat  not  exceeding 
160°,  and  dry  the  crystals  on  bibulous  paper.. 
Carbonic  acid  is  obtained  from  marble  by  the 
addition  of  dilute  sulphuric  acid. —  Ph.  U.  S.)' 
Dose,  gr.  x  to  ^ss.  It  is  used  in  forming  the 
soda  powders,  as  well  as  for  its  antacid  properties.. 

Potass^  Carbonas,  P.  subcarbouas  —  p.  Car- 
bonas impurus,  P.  subcarbouas  —  p.  Carbonas- 
purus,  see  P.  subcarbonas — p.  Chloras,  P.  murias 
hyperoxygenatus — p.  Chloruretum  oxydatum,  P. 
murias  hyperoxygenatus. 

Potas's.,e  CHROJfAS,  Kali  chro'micum  flavum 
sen  neutra'le.  Neutral  yellow  Chromate,  or  Mono, 
chromate  of  2)otxissa.  Pi'epared  by  igniting  a 
mixture  of  four  parts  of  native  chromite  of  iroiv 
(chrome-iron  ore)  and  one  part  oi  nitre;  dissolv- 
ing out  the  chromate  of  potassa  by  water,  and 
crystallizing.  It  has  been  used  as  an  emetic,  ex- 
pectorant and  diaphoretic.  Dose,  as  an  emetic, 
from  two  to  four  grains ;  as  an  expectorant,  from 
Jth  to  i  grain.  In  the  proportion  of  one  drachm 
to  32  ounces  of  water,  it  has  been  used  as  an  an- 
tiseptic wash  —  called  by  Jacobson,  Liquor  coyi- 
serva'trix. 

Potassse  Citras,  Citrate  of  potassa.  (Acid., 
citric,  ^x.  Potass,  bicarb,  ^xiv,  Ag.  q.  s.  Dis- 
solve the  acid  in  the  water;  and  after  e&'erves- 
cence  has  ceased,  strain  and  evaporate  to  dryness. 
The  salt  is  deliquescent,  and  must  be  kept  in 
well-stopped  bottles.  Ph.  U.  S.)  It  possesses 
the  refrigerant  properties  of  the  neutral  salts, 
and  may  be  given  in  fever,  when  to  do  little  or' 
nothing  is  the  most  advisable  course.  Dose,  gr.  x 
to  gss. 

Potass^  et  Perri  Tartras,  Ferri  tartariza. 
turn  —  p.  Hydras,  Potassa  fusa. 

Potass^  Hydri'odas,  Potassm  Protohydri'o. 


POTASS^ 


706 


POTASS^ 


das,  Potae'sii  protnxi'di  hydri'odas,  Kali  Hydri- 
odin'ieum,  K.  Hydriod'icum,  Hydriodaa  Ka'licus, 
Hydri'odate  of  potasa,  (F. )  Hydriodate  de  potasse. 
If  a  solution  of  potass  be  poured  on  iodine,  an 
iodate  and  hydriodate  are  formed.  Tliese  may 
be  separated  by  means  of  alcohol,  which  only 
dissolves  the  latter  of  these  salts.  The  hydrio- 
date, or  rather  the  I'odide  of  Potas'sium,  KaJiam 
Iiida'tura,  Potansii  lodtiretum  seu  lo'didam,  (F.) 
Joditre  de  potassium,  may  be  obtained  by  evapo- 
ration. When  the  Iodide  of  potassium  is  dis- 
solved in  water,  it  becomes  the  Hydriodate  of 
Potassa.  The  following  is  the  formula  in  the 
Ph.  U.  S.  Potass,  ^vj  ;  lodin.  in  pulv.  §xvj  ; 
Carhon.  ligni  in  pulv.  subtiliss.  ^ij  ;  Aq.  hid/ient. 
Oiij.  Dissolve  the  potassa  in  the  water;  add  the 
iodine  gradually,  stirring  until  the  solution  be- 
comes colourless,  and  continue  the  additions  until 
the  liquid  remains  slightly  coloured  from  excess 
of  iodine.  Evaporate  to  dryness,  stirring  in  the 
charcoal  towards  the  close.  Piub  to  powder,  and 
heat  to  dull  redness  in  an  ii'on  crucible,  keeping 
up  the  temperature  for  15  minutes.  When  cool, 
dissolve  out  the  saline  matter  with  pure  water, 
filter  the  solution,  evaporate  and  set  aside  to 
crystallize.  By  evaporating  and  crystallizing  as 
before,  an  additional  quantity  of  crystals  maj'  be 
obtained.     Virtues,  —  those  of  iodine. 

PoTASSiE  Mu'rias,  Sal  Bigesti'vus  vel  Sal  fe- 
hrif'ugua  Syl'vii,  JIuriate  of  Potass,  Spir'itus 
satis  mari'ni  coagula'tus.    Bitter  and  refrigerant. 

PoTAss/E  Mu'rias  Hypeuoxygena'tus,  Po- 
tassa Chloras,  P.  oxymu'rias,  Oxymu'riate  or 
hyperoxyma'riate  of  potass.  Chlorate  of  potas'sa, 
Eachlo'rate  of  potass,  Alcali  vegetah'ile  sali'to- 
dephlogistica'tum,  Ohlorure'tum  potas'sa  oxyda'- 
tum,  Halo'i'cbtm  oxygena'tum,  Oxyge'no-Chloru- 
re'tum  potas'sii,  Protochlo'rate  of  jiotaa'sivm,  Kali 
chlo'ricnm,  Chloras  Ka'Ucus  depura'tus,  (F.)  Chlo- 
rate de  potasse.  It  has  been  regarded  as  anti- 
neuropathic,  and  as  an  alterative  purifier  of  the 
li!ood  and  humours.  It  is  of  doubtful  eiEcacy. 
Dose,  3  to  6  grains  or  more. 

PoTAS's^E  NiTRAS,  Nitrate  of  Potass,  Nitriim, 
Sal  nitrum,  Nitre,  Saltpetre,  Sal  petrm,  Salse'do 
mucrum,  Sanguin'ea,  Berenie" iuni,  Ilalini'trum, 
Protoni'trate  of  Potas'sium,  Nitrate  of  protox'ide 
of  Potassium,  Kali  ni'tricum,  Nitras  ka'liciim, 
Nitras  lixiv'icB,  (F.)  Nitrate  de  potasse.  Ob- 
tained from  the  pvitrefaction  of  animal  matters, 
in  contact  with  calcareous  or  alkaline  earths,  by 
elixiviation ;  adding,  if  necessary,  wood-ashes  to 
supply  the  alkaline  basis.  It  is  formed,  in  an 
impure  state,  by  nature,  in  warm  climates. 

It  is  diuretic  and  refrigerant,  and,  in  large 
doses,  purgative  j  externally,  cooling  and  deter- 
gent. Dose,  gr.  x  to  ^ss.  In  largo  doses  it  is 
an  acrid  poison. 

Potass^  Nitras  Fusds  Sulpha'tis  Paucii/lo 
MlXTliS,  Sid  pj^unel'lcB,  Cryatal'lus  minera'lis, 
Nitras  potas'sa  cum  sid'phure  fusus,  Nitriim.  tahu- 
la'tum.  Lapis  Prunel'lm,  Sore-throat  salt,  3Iin'e- 
ral  crystal,  Anod'yvur,i  mincra'le.  Nitrate  of 
potass,  mixed  with  a  little  sulphate  of  potass  and 
run  into  moulds.  Its  properties  are  those  of 
nitre. 

Potass-E  Os'alAS,  Superox'alate  of  Protox'ide 
of  Potas'sium,  Ox'alas  Acid'idum  Potas'sa  seu 
Potas'sa  acid'ulns  seu  ba'sicus,  Siipierox' alas  ka'- 
lienm,  S.  Potassa,  H ypcroxalas  Potassa,  Sal  Ace- 
t'lscl'la,  Oxa'liam,  Kali  oxal'icum  acid'nlum,  Ox'- 
tdas  suhpota.s'sie.us.  Oxalate  of  Potass,  Suit  of 
Sorrel.  Prepared  from  the  juice  of  wood  sorrel. 
]t  is  refrigerant,  and  is  used  to  make  lemonade, 

PoTAssyE  OxALAS  AciDULUjf,  Potass,  Oxalate 
•>f — p.  Oxymurias,  P.  murias  hyperoxj'gcnatus — 
p.  Protohydriodas,  P.  hydriodus  —  p.  PuriB  fusa; 


hydras,  Potassa  fusa  —  p.  et  Sodse  tartras,  Soda, 

tartrate  of. 

Potass.e  Subcar'bonas,  p.  Car'bonas  (Ph. 
U.  S.),  Subcar'bonas  Kali,  Car'bonas  Potassa, 
Kali  2jrapara'ti(m,  Sal  Herba'rum,  Calca'reona 
Tartar,  Sal  Planta'rum,  Subcarbonate  of  Potass, 
Sal  Tar'tari,  Sal  Absin'thii,  Mephite  of  Potass, 
&o.  (See  Potash.)  A  filtered  solution  of  the  im- 
pure subcarbonate,  Potas'sa  car'bonas  impu'rns 
(Ph.  U.  S.)  Pearl-ash  (see  Potash,)  evaporated  to 
dryness.  This  deliquescent  salt  is  given  in  the 
same  cases  as  the  potassso  earbonas,  than  which 
it  is  more  caustic  and  disagreeable. 

The  Parisian  codex  has  a  Subcar'bonas  Potas'sa 
ex  tar'taro  combus'lo,  vulgo  Sal  Tartari  or  Salt  of 
Tartar  —  it  is  the  Potassa  earbonas  purua.  Pure 
Carbonate  of  Potassa,  Ph.  U.  S. ;  a  Subcarbonaa 
Potassa  ex  defl  a  gran'  tibus  simul  tar'trate  acid'ulo 
et  Nitrate  Potassa  paratus,  vulgo  Nitrum  ex  tar- 
taro  fi.xum  ;  and  a  Subcarbonas  piotassa  ex  dejia- 
gran'te  cum,  Carbo'nibua  Nitra'te  Potassa  para- 
tus, vulgo  Nitrum  fxum.  They  are  all  used  like 
the  preceding. 

PoTASSyE  Subcarbonas  Impurus,  Potash  of 
commerce. 

PotasSjS  Sulphas,  Kali  vitriola'tum.  Sulphas 
Kali,  Kali  suljyhu'ricum,  Lixiv'ia  vitriola/ta,  Ni- 
trum vitriolatum  Schroederi,  Sal  Sapien'tia,  Sol 
Tar'tari  Svlphura'timi,  Specif 'icum  Paracel'si, 
Spi'ritus  vitrioli  coagula'tus  Mynsichti,  Proto~ 
sulph'a.te  of  Potas'sium,  Al'kali  vegeta'bile  vitri- 
olatum, Sal  de  duobus,  Arca'mim  duplica'tum, 
Nitrum  vitriola'tum,  Tar'tarum  vitriolatum,  Pu- 
uace'a  Dueis  Holsa'tia,  Panace'a  duplica'ia,  Sal 
Polyehres'tus,  Sulphate  of  Potass,  (F.)  Sulfate  de 
potasse.  (The  salt,  that  remains  after  the  disiii- 
lation  of  nitric  acid,  dissolved;  the  excess  of  acid 
saturated  with  subcarbonate  of  potass  and  crys- 
tallized.) Purgative  and  diuretic.  Dose,  Jss  to 
3J  as  a  laxative.  In  a  large  dose  it  has  proved 
an  irritant  poison. 

Potass^  Sulphas  cum  Sul'phure;  Sal  Poly- 
ehres'tus Glase'ri,  Lixiv'ia  Vitriola'ta  Sulphu'rea. 
(Formed  by  deflagrating  nitrate  of  potass  with 
sublimed  sulphur.)  Same  virtues  as  the  last. 
Dose,  gr.  xv  to  xxx. 

PotasSjE  SuLPHURB'TUSr,  Potas'sii  Sulphure'- 
tum,  P.  teraulphure'tum.  Kali  sulphuretum,  Hepar 
Snlph'uris  sali'mnn,  H.  sulphu'ris  vulga're,  Sul- 
phure'tmn  lixiv'ia,  S.  ka'licum,  Hepar  Sulphuria, 
lArer  of  Sulpihur,  Sulphur  et  of  Potass,  (F.)  Sul- 
fure  de  potasse,  Sulfure  de  potassium  sulfatr, 
Foie  de  Soufre.  (Sulphur,  ^j,  Potassa  curb.  ^i]. 
Rub  them  together,  and  place  the  mixture  in  a 
covered  crucible  upon  the  fire  until  they  unite  ) 
It  has  been  emplo3'ed  in  affections  of  the  chest, 
as  an  expectorant,  in  the  dose  of  from  ^ss  to  ^j, 
largelj'  diluted ;  but  it  is  chiefly  used  as  a  batU 
or  wash  in  cases  of  itch,  tinea  capitis,  and  other 
cutaneous  affections. 

PoTASSyE  Superoxalas,  PotasssG  oxalas. 

PotasSjE  Supersul'phas,  p.  Biaulphaa,  Sal 
cnix'um,  Supersulphate  of  Potass,  Sal  febrif'u- 
gus  of  Lem'ery,  Acid  Suljihate  of  Potass,  J>is;il- 
phate  of  Potass,  Super-protosulphatc  of  Potas'~ 
slum,  (F.)  Bisnlfate,  de  Potasse.  (The  salt  re- 
maining after  the  distillation  of  nitric  acid,  dis- 
solved, strained,  and  crystallized.)  It  is  refiifre- 
raiit  and  purgative.     Dose,  "^ss  to  ^ij. 

PoTASByE  SuPERTAR'rnA.s  Impu'rus,  Tar'lorus 
rrudus,  Tar'tarum,  Lajiia  vinij  Magneti'nus,  Pe- 
dagrn,  Tartar,  (P.)  'J'artre  cm,  T.  brut.  It  is 
called,  also,  %irtarvm  rubrum  and  Bed  Argol, 
when  obtained  from  red  wines;  Tartarum  album 
or  White  Anjol,  when  from  white  wines.  Tarter 
is  the  saline  deposit  from  wines  as  they  become 
aged;  which  attaches  itself  to  the  sides  of  the 
casks   and  bottles  in  which  they  arc   kept.     It 


POTASSE 


707 


POTENTILLA 


consists  of  a  considerable  quantity  of  acidulous 
tartrate  of  potass,  tartrate  of  lime,  silica,  alumen, 
oxyd  of  iron,  manganese,  and  a  red  colouring 
matter,  if  the  wine  be  red.  It  is  chiefly  used  for 
the  preparation  of  cream  of  tartar. 

PotasSjE  Supbrtar'tras,  Crystal'U  Tar'tari, 
Tartras  Aeid'ulns  Potasses  purus,  Snpertar' trate 
of  Protox'ide  of  Potas'sium,  Potas'scB  Bitar'tras 
(Ph.  U.  S.),  p.  tartras  ac"ida,  Bitartrate  or  Sti- 
pertartrate  of  Potass,  Hypertartras  Potassce,  Tar- 
tras superpotas'sicu-9,  T.  suh2')otas' siciis,  Crystals 
of  Tartar,  Cremor  Tar'tari,  Cream  of  Tartar 
(when  in  powder,)  Supertar' irate  of  Potass,  (F.) 
Tartrate  acide  de  potasse,  Creme  de  Tartre.  (The 
tartar  of  wine  purified.)  It  requires  120  parts  of 
water  at  60°  to  dissolve  it.  It  is  mildly  purga- 
tive, refrigerant  and  diuretic.  Dissolved  in  water, 
with  a  small  quantity  of  white  wine,  some  sugar 
and  lemon-peel,  it  forms  an-  agreeable  beverage 
in  febrile  diseases,  under  the  name  of  imperial. 
Dose,  as  a  diuretic,  ^j  to  ^ij;  as  a  purgative,  ^ss 
to  gj. 

Potass^  Tartras,  Kali  tarfanza'tum,  Al'cali 
fixum  tartarisatum,  Tar'tarum  solu'hile,  Tartarus 
tartariza'tus,  Lixiv'ia  Tartarisa'ta,  Sal  Pan- 
ehrea'tum,  Tartras  Kaliims,  T.  lixiv'ia,  Sal  vege- 
tah'ilis.  Alkali  vegetab'ile  tartarizatum.  Tartrate 
of  Potass,  Soluble  Tartar.  (F.)  Tartrate  de  Po- 
tasse. {Potasses  carbon.  ,^xvj  ;  Potasses  Bitar- 
trat.  in  pulv.  subtiliss.  Ibiij,  vel  q.  s.,  aqiim  hulli- 
entis,  cong.  Dissolve  the  carbonate  of  potassa  in 
the  water,  add  the  bitartrate  to  saturation,  and 
boil;  filter,  evaporate  till  a  pellicle  forms,  and 
set  aside  to  crystallize.  Pour  off  the  liquid ; 
dry  the  crystals  on  bibulous  paper,  and  keep  in 
closely-stopped  bottles.  —  Ph.  U.  S.)  A  saline 
cathartic  in  the  dose  of  .^ij  to  ^j. 

PoTASSJi;  Tartras  Acida,  P.  supertartras — p. 
Tartras  acidulus  purus,  P.  supertartras-^ p.  Tar- 
tras s  tibialis  seu  stibiosus,  Antimonium  tartariza- 
tum. 

POTASSE,  ACETATE  BE,  Potassas  acetas 
—  p.  Bisulphate  de,  Potassse  supersulphas— ^p. 
Caustique,  Potassa  fusa — p.  d  la  Ghaxix,  Potassa 
cum  calce — p.  Chlorate  de,  Potassee  murias  hy- 
peroxygenatus  — p.  JJi/driodate  de,  Potassaa  hy- 
driodas — p.  Liquide,  Liquor  potassse — p.  Nitrate 
de,  Potass03  nitras — p.  Preparee  avec  la  cJiaiix, 
Potassa  cum  calce — p.  et  de  Sonde,  tartrate  de, 
Soda,  tartrate  of — p.  Sulfate  de,  Potassse  sulphas, 
p.  Sulfure  de,  Potassse  sulphuretum — p.  Tartrate 
de,  Potassaj  tartras  — p.  Tartrate,  acide  de,  Po- 
tassffi  supertartras. 

70TAS'SllBR0'MlT>\JM,Pofas's(Bhjdrohro'- 
mas,  (F.)  Bromure  de  Potassium,  Bromide  of  potas- 
sium. (Bromin,  ^ij  ;  Ferri  fili,  gj  ;  Potass,  car- 
bon, ^ij  and  ^j,  vel  q.  s. ;  Aq.  destillat.,  Oiv.  Add 
the  iron  filings  and  bromine  to  a  pint  and  a  half 
of  the  water  ,•  stirring  for  half  an  hour.  Apply  a 
gentle  heat,  and  when  the  liquor  assumes  a 
greenish  colour,  add  gradually  the  carbonate  of 
potassa,  dissolved  in  Oiss  of  the  water,  until  it 
ceases  to  cause  a  precipitate.  Continue  the  heat 
for  half  an  hour,  and  filter.  "Wash  the  precipi- 
tate with  the  remaining  water,  boiling  hot,  and 
filter.  Mix  the  liquors  and  crystallize  by  evapo- 
ration. Ph.  U.  S.)  Virtues: — those  of  iodide 
of  iron. 

PoTASsii  Cyanidum,  P.  Cyanuretum. 

PoTAs'sil  Cvanure'tum,  p.  Cyan'idum,  Cya- 
niiret  of  Potassium,  Hydroey'anaie  of  Potassa, 
{Potassii  Ferrocyanur.,  in  pulv.  ^viij;  Potass. 
Oarbonai.,  ex  siceat.,  ^iij.  Mix  intimately  and 
throw  into  a  deep  iron  crucible,  heated  to  red- 
ness ;  keep  up  the  heat  till  effervescence  ceases, 
and  the  fused  mass  concretes,  of  a  pure  white 
colour,  upon  a  warm  glass  rod  dipped  into  it; 
then  pour  out  the  liquid  carefully  into  a  shallow 


dish,  to  solidify,  stopping  before  the  salt  becomes 
contaminated  with  the  precipitated  iron.  Break 
up  the  mass  whilst  warm,  and  preserve  in  well- 
stopped  bottles.  Ph.  U.  S.)  Used  in  the  same 
cases  as  the  hydrocyanic  acid.  Dose,  a  quarter 
of  a  grain. 

PoTASSii  Decto-carbonas,  Potassse  carbonas. 

POTASSII  Ferrocyaxur^e'tum,  p.  Ferrocyan'- 
idum,  Ferroey' anide  or  Ferroeyan' uret  of  Potas- 
sium, Ferrocy'anate  of  Potassa,  Ferroprnssiate  of 
Potassa,  Prussiate  of  Potassa,  (F.)  Protocyanure 
jaune  de  fer  et  de  potassizim,  Cyanure  de  fer  et  de 
potassium.  The  yellow  double  cyanuret  of  po- 
tassium and  iron,  the  salt  from  which  the  cyanu- 
ret of  potassium  is  obtained  by  calcination.  It  is 
not  much  used  in  medicine.  It  has  been  advised 
as  an  astringent  in  the  colliquative  sweats  of 
phthisis,  in  leucorrhcea,  &c. ;  but  it  does  not 
seem  to  be  possessed  of  much  activity.  Dose,  10 
or  15  grains  every  four  or  five  hours. 

PoTASSii  Hydrargyro-iodiduw,  Potasses  lodo- 
hydrar'gyras.  Hydrargyrum  biiodatum  cum  halio 
iodato,  Kalium  iodatum  hydrargyratum,  lodhy- 
drar'gyrate  of  Potassium,  Hydrargyro-iodide  of 
Potassium.  This  salt  is  made  by  the  combination 
of  iodide  of  piotassium  with  red  iodide  of  mercury. 
Its  properties  are  similar  to  those  of  the  iodides 
of  mercury,  but  in  a  less  degree. 

PoTASSii  loDiDUir,  Potassai  hydriodas — p.  lo- 
duretum,  Potassse  hydriodas  —  p.  Oxygeno-chlo- 
ruretum,  Potassse  murias  hyperoxj'genatus  —  p. 
Protoxidi  hydriodas,  Potassa3  hydriodas — p.  Sul- 
phuretum, Potassse  sulphuretum  —  p.  Tersulphu- 
retum,  Potassse  sulphuretum. 

POTASSIUM.  Same  etymon  as  potash.  The 
metallic  base  of  potassa. 

POTASSIUM,  BROMURE  DE,  see  Bromine 
— p.  Cyanuret  of,  Potassii  cyanuretum — p.  Ferro- 
cyanide  of,  Potassii  ferrocyanuretum — p.  Ferro- 
cyanuret  of,  Potassii  Ferrocj'anuretum — p.  lodido 
of,  Potassa3  hydriodas  —  p.  lodohydrargyrate  of, 
Potassii  hydrargyro-iodidum — pi.  lodure  de,  Po- 
tassse hydriodas  —  p.  Oxide  of.  Potass — p.  Proto- 
arsenite  of,  Arsenite  of  protoxide  of  potassium — p. 
Protochlorate  of,  Potassae  murias  hyperoxygena- 
tus  —  p.  Protonitrate  of,  Potassse  nitras — p.  Pro- 
toxide of,  Potass — p.  Protoxide  of,  nitrate  of,  Pii- 
tassse  nitras  —  p.  Protoxide  of,  superoxalate  of. 
Potass,  oxalate  of — p.  Protoxide  of,  supertartrate 
of,  Potassse  supertartras  —  p.  Protosulphate  of, 
Potassas  sulphas — p.  Sulfure  de,  sulfate,  Potassse 
sulphuretum  —  p.  Sulphuret  of,  Potassas  sulphu- 
retum— p.  Superprotosulphate  of,  Potassas  super- 
sulphas. 

POTATO,  Solanum  tuberosum— p.  Fly,  Lytta 
vittata  —  p.  Hog,  Convolvulus  panduratus  —  p. 
Spanish,  Convolvulus  batatas — p.  Sweet,  Convol- 
vulus batatas  —  p.  Vine,  wild.  Convolvulus  pan- 
duratus— p.  Wild,  Convolvulus  panduratus. 

POTBELLY,  Physconia. 

POTELEE,  Hyoseyamus. 

POTENTIA,  Force. 

Poten'tia  seu  Potes'tas  Coeun'di,  Capability 
of  copulation. 

Potentia  Generan'di.  The  power  of  procre- 
ation. 

PoTENTiA  Irritans,  Stimulus. 

POTEN'TIAL,  Potentia' lis;  from putens,  'able.' 
An  epithet  for  remedies  which,  although  energe- 
tic, do  not  act  till  some  time  after  their  applica.- 
tion.  The  caustic  alkalies,  for  instance,  are 
called  Potential  cauteries  in  contradistinction  i« 
the  hot  iron,  which  is  termed  actual. 

POTENTILLA,  P.  reptans. 

Potentil'la  Anseri'na,  P.  argenti'na  seu  itn- 
po'lita  seu  neglec'ta,  Argenti'na  vulga'ris,  Fro- 
ga'ria  anseri'na,  Argentine,  Chenobos'con,  Ar 
genta'ria,  Anseri'na,  Silver  Weed,  Wild  "Tansy, 


POTERIUM 


708 


POUEPIER 


(F.)  Argentine,  Potentille.    The  leares  are  mildly 
astringent  and  tonic. 

PoTENTiLLA  Argentina,  P.  anserina  —  p.  Im- 
polita,  P.  anserina — p.  Neglecta,  P.  anserina. 

POTBNTILLA  Norteg"ica,  Norway  Oinque-foil, 
an  indigenous  plant,  is  possessed  of  similar  pro- 
perties. 

PoTENTiLLA  Palttsteis,  Comarum  palustre. 
Potentil'la  Reptans,  Pentaphyl'lum,  Fracfa'- 
riu   2}entap7tyl'lum,    Potentil'la,    Quinque/o'lium, 
Q.  inajus,  Common  cinquefoil,   (F.)  Qaintefenille. 
The  roots  are  possessed  of  astringent  properties. 
POTENTILLA  ToRMENTiLLA,  TormentiUa. 
POTERIUM     SANGUISORBA,     Pimpinella 
saxifraga. 

POTESTAS  COEUNDI,  Potentia  coeundi— p. 
Generandi,  Potentia  generandi. 
POTEX,  Anus. 

POTHOS  FCETIDA,  Dracontium  foetidum— p. 
Putorii,  Dracontium  foetidum. 
POTIMOS,  Potable. 

POTIO,  Drink,  Haustus,  Potion  — p.  Calcis 
carbonatis,  Mistura  crette  —  p.  Effervescens  anti- 
effiotica,  Potion  of  Riverius  —  p.  Leniens,  Loocb 
ex  ovo  —  p.  Oleosa,  Looch  ex  ovo  —  p.  Picea,  see 
Pinus  sylvestris. 

POTION  (F.),  Potio;  from  poto,  '1  drink.' 
A  liquid  medicine,  from  4  to  8  ounces  or  more  in 
quantity,  the  composition  of  which  varies,  and 
which  is  administered  in  divided  doses.  It  cor- 
responds to  the  English  mixture. 

POTION  PEGTORALE,  Looch  ex  ovo. 
Potion  of  Rive'hius.  A  mixture  of  Lemon 
Jnice  and  Suhcarhonate  of  Potass,  —  generally 
given  in  a  state  of  effervescence.  It  is  the  Potio 
ejferves'cene  anti-emet' ica  dicta  Rive'rii,  of  the 
Parisian  codex.  The  name  in  the  codex  indi- 
cates its  use. 

P0TI0:N^IS  DESIDERIUM,  Thirst. 
POTIRON,  Cucurbita  pepo. 
POTIUNCULA,  Haustus. 
P.->TOPARAN(EA,  Delirium  tremens. 
P  tTOS,  Potable. 

P  .ITOTROMOPARANCEA,  Delirium  tremens. 
P  PTT'S  DISEASE,  Vertebral  disease. 
POTUS,  Drink — p.  Hippocraticus,  Claret. 
POU,  Pediculus. 
PGUCE,  Pollex,  see  Digitus. 
POMCHED,  Encysted. 

PO'IBRE,  Powder,  Pulvis — p.  Ahsorbante  et 
anti-a'ide,  p.  Pulvis  de  magnesia  compositus — p. 
d'Alm-^  composee,  Pulvis  sulphatis  aluminse  com- 
positus— p.  Antiarthritique  amere,  Pulvis  de 
amaria  compositus — p.  Antiasthmatique,  Pulvis 
de  sulj  hure  et  scilla — p.  A  ntimoniale  composee  ou 
de  Ja-^es,  Antimonial  powder — p.  Aromatique, 
Pulvis  cinnamomi  compositus — p.  d'Asarum  com- 
j>08e<:  dite  aternutatoire,  Pulvis  asari  compositus 
— p.  B9lsamique,  Pulvis  myrrhae  compositus — p. 
de  Birchmann,  Pulvis  de  aro  compositus — p.  de 
Jilanchement,  Calcis  chloridum — p.  de  Cannelle 
'■omyosee,  Pulvis  cinnamomi  compositus — p.  Ca- 
thartique,  Pulvis  scammonea;  compositus — p.  de 
CK^'fre,  see  Cladonia  rangiferrina — p.  du  Comte 
de  Palme,  Magnesias  carbonas — p.  Cornachine, 
]*ulvis  eornachini — p.  de  Come  bnilee  avec  opium, 
I'ulvis  eornu  usti  cum  opio — p.  de  Craie  comjw- 
K^e  avtc  opium,  see  Pulvis  cretae  compositus  cum 
opro — p.  de  Bower,  Pulvis  ipecacuanha}  compo- 
situs—/). de  Dupinjtreit,  Powder  of  Dupuytren — 
— p.  Qazifere  laxative.  Powders,  Seidlitz — p.  Ga- 
zi/ere  simple.  Powders,  soda — p.  de  Gomme 
udragant  composee,  Pulvis  tragacauthae  compo- 
situs— p.  de  Gomme  gutte,  Pulvis  e  gummi  gutta 
— p.  Hydragogue,  Pulvis  e  gummi  gutta — p.  Tnci- 
u've,  Pulvia  de  sulphure  et  scilia — ^j.  d'lpecacii- 
uuJta  et  opium,  Pulvis  ipecacuanhas  compositus — 
V-  de  Jalap  composie,  Pulvis  jalupac  compositus 


— p.  de  Kino  composee,  Pulvis  kino  compositus — 
p.  de  Perard,  Pulvis  de  senna,  scammonio  et 
lignis — p.  do  Quercetantis,  Pulvis  e  gummi  gutta 
— p,  de  Saint  Ange,  Pulvis  asari  compositus — p. 
de  Savon  vegetale,  Pulvis  gummosus  alkalinus — p. 
de  Scammonee  composee,  Pulvis  scammoneaa  com- 
positus— p.  de  Sedlitz,  Powders,  Seidlitz — p.  de 
Sine  composee,  Pulvis  sennae  conip.  — p.  de  Seti- 
tinelli,  Magnesise  carbonas — p.  Styptique,  Pulvis 
sulphatis  aluminae  compositus. 

POVDRE  SUBTIL  BE  BELCROIX.  A 
fashionable  depilatory  "  for  removing  superfluous 
hair  in  less  than  ten  minutes."  It  is  said  to  con- 
sist of  Quicklime  and  SulpJiuret  of  Arsenic,  with 
some  vegetable  powder. —  Paris. 

POUBRE  TEMPERANTE  DE  STAHL, 
Pulvis  de  Sulphate  potassae  compositus — p.  de 
Tennant,  Calcis  chloridum — p.  de  Valentini,  Mag- 
nesise carbonas—^.  Vermifuge  mercurieUe,  Pulvis 
e  sulphureto  hydrargyro  uigro  et  scammonio — />, 
Vermifuge  sans  mercure,  Pulvis  ex  helminthocorto 
compositus. 

POUGUES,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  These 
alkaline  waters  are  in  the  department  of  Nievre, 
France.     They  contain  carbonic  acid,  carbonates 
of  soda,  lime,  and  magnesia;  chloride  of  sodium 
alumina,  and  silica,  with  protoxide  of  iron. 
POULAIN,  B»bo. 

POULET,  VIN  DE  (P.),  Pullet  Wine.  A 
disgusting  preparation,  made  by  infusing  the  ex- 
crement of  the  pullet  in  white  wine.  According 
to  Nysten,  it  is  employed  by  the  vulgar  in  France 
in  a  number  of  diseases,  and  especially  in  falls^ 
contusions,  &c. 
POULIOT,  Mentha  pulegium. 
POULS,  Pulse — p.  Abdominal,  Pulsus  inferior 
— p.  des  Adultes,  Pulse,  natural — -j).  Agite,  Pulsu? 
fortis — p.  Bas,  Pulse,  low — p.  Capital,  Pulse, 
nasal — p.  Combine,  Pulse,  complex — p.Compliquc, 
Pulse,  complex — p.  Compose,  Pulse,  complex — p. 
Concentre.  Pulse,  contracted — p.  Defaillant,  Pul- 
sus deficiens — p.  Deprime,  Pulse,  depressed — //. 
de  la  Diarrhea,  Pulse,  intestinal  —  m.  Bur,  Pulse, 
hard — p.  Eleve,  Pulse,  ardent  —  j^-  Embarrassc, 
Pulsus  intricatus — p.  de  I'Estomac,  Pulse,  sto- 
machal— p.  Etroit,  Pulsus  strictus — p.  de  VEj- 
pectorafion,  Pulse,  pectoral — p.  Faille,  Pulse, 
feeble — p.  du  Foie,  Pulse,  hepatic — jy.  Grand, 
Pulse,  large — p.  Insensible,  Pulsus  deficiens — p. 
Intercadent,  Pulse,  intermittent — p.  des  Intestins, 
Pulse,  intestinal — p.  Languissant,  Pulse,  languid 
— p.  Lent,  Pulse,  slow — p.  de  la  Matrice,  Pulsus 
uterinus — p.  Moderi,  Pulse,  natural — ^:>.  Mou, 
Pulse,  soft — p.  de  Nez,  Pulse,  nasal — p.  Ondoy. 
ant.  Pulse,  undulating — pi.  Ondulant,  Pulse,  un- 
dulating— p.  Palpitant,  Pulse,  tremulous  —  ;». 
Parfait,  Pulse,  natural — p.  Petit,  Pulse,  small — 
p.  Plein,  Pulse,  full — p.  Precipite,  Pulse,  frequent 
— p.  Profond,  Pulse,  deep — p>.  Prompt,  Pulse, 
sharp — p.  Rare,  Pulse,  slow  —  p.  Rtbondissaiii, 
Pulsus  dicrotus  —  p.  Redouble,  Pulsus  dicrotns  — 
p.  des  Regies,  Pulsus  uterinus — p.  Roide,  Puisne, 
tense — p.  Serrafile,  Pulsus  serrinus — p.  Serre, 
Pulse,  contracted  —  p.  de  la  Sueur,  Pulsus  sudo- 
ralis — p.  Tardif,  Pulse,  slow — p.  Tendu,  Pulse, 
tense — p.  Tremblanf,  Pulse,  tremulous  —  p.  de. 
I' Urine,  Pulsus  urinalis — p.  Vehement,  Pulsus  for- 
tis— p.  Ventral,  Pulsus  inferior — p.  Vide,  Pulsus 
vacuus — p>.  F;/, Pulse,  sharp — -p.  Tiff,  Pulse,  sharp. 
POULTICE,  see  Cataplasm. 
POUNCE,  Sandarac. 

POUND,  Libra,  Litra,  Xirpa,  Lat.  Pondo,  Ba- 
ge'dia  (of  twelve  oz.),  Barda'din,  (F.)  Livre, 
from  ponderc,  *to  weigh.'  A  weight,  consisting 
of  twelve  ounces  Troy,  —  sixteen  ounces  avoirdu- 
poise.  See  AVeights  and  Measures. 
POUR  PIER  CULTIVE,  Portulaca. 


POURPRE 


ro9 


PRiECORDIA 


POURPRE  BLANC,  Miliary  fever. 

POURRITURE,  Putrefaction— _p.  d'HSpital, 
Hospital  gangrene. 

POUS,  Pes. 

POUSSE,  Pursiness. 

POUSSE E,  Lichen. 

POUSSIERE  TUBERCULEUSE (¥.),  'Tu- 
berculous Dust.'  A  name  given  by  MM.  Rilliet 
and  Barthez  to  fine  white  or  yellow  minute  points 
of  tuberculous  matter  occurring  in  myriads,  so  as 
to  be  likened  to  dust. 

POWDER,  Pulvis. 

Powder  op  jSIthio'pia,  Guy's.  A  once  cele- 
brated anthelmintic,  which  consisted  of  pure 
rasped  tin,  mercury,  and  sulphur,  triturated  to- 
gether. 

Powder  op  Aloes,  Compound,  Pulvis  aloes 
eompositus,  Pulvis  sulphatis  aluminse  compositus 

—  p.  of  Aloes  with  canella,  Pulvis  aloes  cum  ca- 
nella  —  p.  Antimonial,  Chenevix's,  Antimonial 
powder  —  p.  Aromatic,  Pulvis  aromaticus. 

Powder,  Arsenical,  of  Come,  CSme's  powder 

—  a  caustic — is  formed  of  arsenious  acid,  gr.  x; 
red  sulphuret  of  mercury,  gr.  xl ;  powdered  ani- 
mal charcoal,  gr.  X.  It  is  made  into  a  paste  with 
mucilage. 

Powder  of  Arum,  compound,  Pulvis  de  aro 
eompositus — p.  of  Asarabacca,  compound,  Pulvis 
asari  compositus  —  p.  of  Bladder-wrack,  yellow, 
Pulvis  querciis  marine  —  p.  Bleaching,  Calcis 
chloridum — p.  Gamboge,  Pulvis  e  gummi  gutta — 
p.  Cardinal  del  Lugo's,  Cinchona  —  p.  of  Chalk, 
compound,  Pulvis  cretse  eompositus — p.  of  Chalk 
with  opium,  compound,  Pulvis  cretse  compositus 
cum  opio  —  p.  of  Cinnamon,  compound,  Pulvis 
cinnamomi  compositus — p.  Come's,  Powder  arse- 
nical of  Come  —  p.  of  Contrayerva,  compound, 
Pulvis  eontrayervas  compositus  —  p.  Countess's, 
Cinchona — p.  Countess  of  Kent's,  Cantianus  pul- 
vis—  p.  Cyprus,  Hibiscus  abelmoschus  —  p.  Do- 
ver's, Pulvis  ipecacuanhas  compositus. 

Powder  op  Dupuytrbn  (Caustic;)  (F.)  Pou- 
dre  de  Dupuytren,  formed  of  1  part  of  arsenious 
acid  and  200  parts  of  mild  chloride  of  mercury. 
A  mild  and  manageable  caustic  for  causing  an 
eschar  on  exposed  surfaces,  and  in  lupus,  &c. 

Powder,  Earl  op  Warwick's,  Pulvis  corna- 
ehini — p.  of  Ethiopia,  Powder  of  ^Ethiopia. 

Powder  op  Faynard.  A  celebrated  powder 
for  arresting  hemorrhage,  said  to  be  nothing 
more  than  the  charcoal  of  beech  wood  finely  pul- 
verized. 

Powder,  Fever,  Schwaxberg's,  Antimonial 
powder. 

Powder-Folder.  In  Pharmacy,  an  apparatus 
by  which  papers  containing  powders  are  folded 
of  the  desired  length. 

Powder,  Ginger-beer,  see  Amomum  zingiber 
— p.  Gout,  Duke  of  Portland's,  Pulvis  Ducis  Port- 
landiae— p.  of  Burnt  hartshorn  with  opium,  Pul- 
vis cornu  cervi  cum  opio — p.  Ipecacuanha  com- 
pound, Pulvis  ipecacuanhae  compositus  —  p.  of 
Jalap,  compound,  Pulvis  jalapse  compositus  —  p. 
James's,  factitious,  Antimonial  powder — p.  Je- 
suit's, Cinchona — p.  of  Kino,  compound,  Pulvis 
kino  compositus — p.  of  Lemonade,  see  Lemonade 
■ — p.  of  Magnesia,  compound,  Pulvis  de  magne- 
siS.  compositus — p.  of  the  Marquis,  Marchionis 
pulvis — p.  Mead's,  against  the  bite  of  a  Mad  dog, 
Pulvis  antilyssus  —  p.  Myrrh,  compound,  Pulvis 
myrrhas  compositus  —  p.  Portland,  Pulvis  Ducis 
Portlandiae — p.  of  the  three  Sanders,  see  Dia- 
trium — p.  Scammony  and  aloes,  Pulvis  scammo- 
nii  cum  aloe  —  p.  Scammony  compound,  Pulvis 
scammonice  compositus — p.  of  Senna,  compound, 
Pulvis  sennae  compositus^p.  Sneezing,  see  Vera- 
trum  album — p.  Spruce  beer,  see  Spruce  beer — 


p.  Tennant's,  Calcis  chloridum — p.  Tooth,  Denti- 
fricium — p.  Tragacanth,  compound,  Pulvis  traga- 
canthse  compositus. 

Powder,  Vien'na,  is  composed  of  equal  parts 
of  quicklime  and  potassa  cum  calce.  In  using 
it,  it  is  made  into  a  paste —  Vienna  paste,  (F.) 
Caustique  de  Vienne — with  spirits  of  wine,  and  is 
applied  on  the  diseased  part,  previously  circum- 
scribed by  a  hole  cut  in  a  sticking  plaster. 

To  be  left  on  from  10  to  20  minutes,  according 
to  the  depth  of  the  eschar  required.  Used  iii 
cases  of  lupous  ulceration. 

By  fusing  the  potass  and  lime,  and  raising  the 
heat  so  as  to  cause  ebullition,  the  caustic  may  be 
run  into  cylinders  : — when  it  is  called  Caustique- 
Filhos,  Cans' ticum  Viennen'se  fusum  Filhos,  from 
the  name  of  the  author  of  the  process. 

Powders,  Castillon,  so  called  from  the  name 
of  the  physician  who  first  proposed  them.  They 
are  formed  oi sago,  in  powder;  salep,  in  powder; 
tragacanth,  in  powder,  each,  four  parts ;  pre- 
pared oyster-shells,  one  part,  cochineal,  half  a 
part,  divided  into  powders  of  one  drachm  each  ; 
one  of  which  is  given  three  or  four  times  a  day  aa 
a  demulcent  in  diarrhoea  and  dysentery. 

Powders,  Soda,  Pul'veres  effervescen'tes,  (F.) 
Poudres  gazi/eres  simples.  (Soda  carb.  ^^^j  "^ 
each  blue  paper;  tartaric  acid,  gr.  xxv  in  each 
•!cH?e  paper;  for  half  a  pint  of  water.)  A  pleasant, 
cooling  drink;  taken  during  the  efiervescence. 

Seidlitz  Powders,  (F.)  Poudres  gazi/eres  laxa- 
tives ou  Poudres  de  Seidlitz,  contain  one  or  two 
drachms  of  tartrate  of  potassa  and  soda,  added 
to  the  alkali  in  the  blue  paper. 

POWER,  Faculty— p.  Inherent,  Irritability— 
p.  Tonic,  Irritability. 

POX,  Syphilis,  Variola — p.  Chicken,  Varicella 
— p.  Doctor,  Syphilidiater  —  p.  French,  Sj'philis 
— p.  Grease,  see  Grease — p.  Noddle,  Syphiloma- 
nia — p.  Small,  Variola — p.  Swine,  see  Varicella — 
p.  Water,  see  Varicella. 

POZZUOLI,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Poz- 
zuoli  is  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Naples.  The 
springs  are,  1.  Acqua  della  pietra.  Temp.  91°  Fah. 
2.  Acqua  di  Cavalcanti,  Temp.  100°.  A.  di  sub- 
veni  homini,  Temp.  102°;  A.  del  cantarello,  Termp. 
86  to  89°;  and  that  of  the  Temple  of  Serapis  in 
Pozzuoli,  Temp.  102  to  107°.  The  last  contains 
carbonic  acid,  carbonates  of  lime,  magnesia,  alu- 
mina, and  iron,  carbonate  of  soda,  chloride  of 
sodium,  sulphate  of  lime,  and  silica. 

PRACTICE  OF  PHYSIC,  Therapeutics. 

PRACTITIONER,  GENERAL,  Surgeon  apo- 
thecary— p.  Irregular,  see  Irregular — p.  Regular, 
see  Regular — p.  Routine,  Routinist. 

PR^BIUM,  Dose. 

PR^CAUTIO,  Prophylaxis. 

PR^CIPITANS  MAGNUM,  Sepia. 

PR^CIPITATUM  ALBUM,  Hydrargyrum 
prsecipitatum. 

PR^CIPITATUS  RUBER,  Hydrargyri  ni- 
trico-oxydum. 

PR^CISIO  PR^PUTII,  Circumcision. 

PR^COCIA,  Prunus  Armeniaca. 

PRECOCITY,  Prseotia. 

PR^COGNITIO,  Prognosis. 

PRjECORD'IA,  from  prcB,  'before,'  and  cor, 
'  the  heart.'  The  diaphragm ;  also,  the  thoracic 
viscera,  and  the  epigastrium. 

Pr^icor'dial  or  Precordial  Region,  Re'gio 
prcBcordiaca  seu  prcBcordia'lis,  is  the  epigastric 
region.  Also,  and  more  properly,  the  region  of 
the  heart.  A  line  drawn  from  the  inferior  mar 
gins  of  the  third  ribs  across  the  sternum,  passes 
over  the  valves  of  the  pulmonary  artery  a  littlo 
to  the  left  of  the  mesial  line,  and  those  of  tho 
aorta  are  behind  them,  but  about  half  an  inch 
lower  down.     A  vertical  line,  coinciding  with  thd 


PR^CORDIUM 


710 


rREGNANCT 


left  margin  of  the  sternum,  has  about  one-third, 
of  the  heart,  comprising  the  upper  portion  of  the 
right  ventricle,  on  the  right,  —  and  two-thirds, 
comprising  the  lower  portion  of  the  right  ventri- 
de  and  the  whole  of  the  left,  on  the  left.  This 
is  the  prascordial  region. 

PRiECORDIUM,  Fossefte  du  ccenr— p.  Pedis, 
Metatarsus. 

PRiECOX  MATURITAS,  Preeotia. 

PR^CUSTODIA,  Prophylaxis. 

PRiEDICTIO,  Prognosis. 

PR.EDISPOSITIO,  Predisposition. 

PRiEDIVINATIO,  Mantia. 

PRiEDOMIN'IUM;  from  pra,  'before,'  and 
dominus,  '  a  lord.'  Predominance  of  one  thing 
over  another. 

Prjedomin'ium  Aqtj^.  A  predominance  of 
watery  fluid, —  Tenu'itas  aquo'sa. 

Pr^domixidm  San'guinis  Arterio'si.  a  pre- 
dominance of  arterial  blood,  Arterios'itas  san'- 
guinis. 

Pr^domin'ium-San'guinis  Veno'si,  Vertos'itas 
San'gninis.     Predominance  of  venous  blood. 

PR^FOCATIO,  Orthopnoea,  Suffocation  —  p. 
raucium,  Angone — p.  Matricis,  Angone — p.  Ute- 
rina,  Angone. 

PR^FOCATION,  Strangulatio  uterina. 

PR^^GNANS,  Pregnant. 

PR^GNAS.  Pregnant. 

PR^GNATIO,  Fecundation,  Pregnancy. 

PR^GNATUS,  Fecundation,  Pregnancy. 

PR^GNAX,  Pregnant. 

PRxSlGUSTATIO,  Avant-gont. 

PR^HENSIO,  Prehensio. 

PR^LIN'GUA.  The  anterior  part  or  tip  of 
the  tongue. 

PRjSILIUM,  Coition,  Press,  Tourniquet  —  p. 
Arteriale,  Tourniquet. 

PR^LUMBARIS,  Prelumbar. 

PR^NOTIO,  Prognosis. 

PRJiNUNTIATIO,  Prognosis. 

PR^PARATIO,  Preparation— p.  Chyli,  Chy- 
lification. 

PR^PARATUM,  Preparation. 

PR^POTEN'TIA,  from  pra, '  before,'  and  pa- 
tens, '  powerful.'     Great  power  or  strength. 

Pr^poten'tia  Viri'lis.  Great,  or  too  great 
procreative  power  on  the  part  of  the  male. 

PR^POTIO,  Propotismos. 

PR^PUTIALIS,  Preputial. 

PR^PUTIUM,  Prepuce. 

PR^SAGIUM,  Mantia. 

PRiESCIENTIA,  Prognosis. 

PR^SCITIO,  Prognosis. 

PR^,SCRTPTIO,  Prescription. 

PRiESEPIOLUM,  Alveolus. 

PRiESEPIUM,  Alveolus. 

PR^SERVATIO,  Prophylaxis. 

PRJ3SERVATIVUM,  Amuletum. 

PR^^SERVATO'RIA  INDICA'TIO.  A  pre- 
servative indication  ;  one  proper  for  preventing 
the  development  of  disease. 

PR^SERVATORIUS,  Prophylactic. 

PR^SPINALIS,  Prespinal. 

PR^TIBIALIvS,  Pretibial. 

PRAIRIE  BUSH,  STINKING,  Ptelea  trifo- 
liata — p.  Pines,  Liatris. 

PRASINUM  VIRIDE,  Cupri  subacetas. 

}'RASINUS,  Porraceous. 

PRASI'TES,  from  prasium,  'horehound.' 
Wine  in  which  the  leaves  of  horehound  have 
been  infused. 

PRASIUM,  Marrubium. 

PRASUM,  Allium  Prasum. 

PRAXIS,  Action. 

Praxis  Med'ica.  The  practical  exercise  of 
the  healing  art. 

PRECIPITATE,    RED,   Hydrargyri  nitrico- 


oxydum  —  p.  White,  Hydrargyrum  prsecipita- 
tum. 

PRECIPITA'TION,  Praeipita'tio,  (F.)  Pre- 
cipi'ie,  from  prmcq}itm-e,  (prcB,  'before,'  and  ca- 
put,  '  the  head,')  '  to  throw  headlong.'  The  ac- 
tion by  which  a  body  abandons  a  liquid  in  which 
it  is  dissolved,  and  becomes  deposited  at  the  bot- 
tom of  the  vessel.  The  matter,  so  thrown  down 
or  precipitated,  is  called  a  precipitate. 

PRECIPITATION  BE  LA  MATRICE,  Pro- 
cidentia  ut«ri. 

PRECIPITE  BLANC,  Hydrargyrum  praci- 
pitatum. 

PRECORDIAL,  Prfficordial. 

PRECUR'SORY,  Prcecurso'riiis ;  from  prcB, 
'before,'  and  curro,  ciirsum,  'I  run.'  That  which 
precedes. 

Precur'sort  or  Premon'itory  Signs  or  Symp- 
toms, (F.)  Siynes  precurseurs,  S.  a.vant  covreurs, 
are  those  which  indicate  an  approaching  disease. 

PREDISPONENT  CAUSES,  see  Causes,  pre- 
disponent. 

PREDISPOSIT"ION,  Prcedispos{t"io,  Semin'- 
ia  inorbo' rum  (Gaxthms) ;  from  ^jj-fg,  'before,' and 
disponere,  'to  dispose.'  (Y.)  Imminence  morbide. 
That  constitution  or  condition  of  the  body,  which 
disposes  it  to  the  action  of  disease  under  the  ap- 
plication of  an  exciting  cause.  Thus,  in  heredi- 
tary diseases,  the  conformation  is  such,  that  but 
a  slight  exciting  cause  may  be  required  to  pro- 
duce them.  When  the  disease  arises  solely  from 
the  predisposition,  or  under  the  additional  influ- 
ence of  an  extremely  slight  exciting  cause,  it  is, 
by  some,  termed  a  dispiosition. 

PREDOR'SAL,  Pradorsa'lis,  from  pros,  'be- 
fore,' and  dorsum,  'the  back.' 

Pr^dorsal  Region  of  the  vertebral  column  is 
the  anterior  surface  of  the  dorsal  region. 

PRE-BOBSO-ATLOlBIEN,  Longus  colli. 

PRE-BORSO-CERVICAL,  Longus  colli. 

PREG'NANCY,  Prcegna'tio,  Pragna'tus,  Im- 
prcsgna'tio,  Ingravida'tio,  Ingravida'tiun,  from 
pircB, '  before,'  and  genere, '  to  beget.'  Bj/sterocije'- 
sis,  Gravid' itas,  G.  uteri' na,  En'cymon,Cije'sis,  En- 
cye'sis,  En'cysis,  Enci/mo'sia,  Ct/opho' ria,  Gesta'- 
tion,  Fceta'tioii,  Vtero-gesta'tion ;  (F.)  Grossesse. 
The  state  of  a  female  who  has  within  her  a  fecun- 
dated germ,  which  gradually  becomes  developed  in 
or  out  of  the  uterus.  When  placed  in  the  cavity  of 
the  uterus, — by  virtue  of  the  vital  principle  which 
animates  it,  it  becomes  attached  to  the  inner  sur- 
face of  that  viscus,  and  obtains  from  it  indirectly 
the  nutriment  necessary  for  its  gradual  develop- 
ment, during  the  space  of  ten  lunar  months  or 
two  hundred  and  eighty  days — the  ordinary  tertn 
or  duration  oi  gestation,  sXihongh  the  period  may 
be  protracted  to  300  days  or  upwards,  —  at  the 
expiration  of  which  parturition  occurs.  Preg- 
nancy is  commonly  limited  to  a  single  fcetus  :  at 
times,  the  uterus  contains  two  or  three. — See  Re- 
production. Occasionally,  one  or  two  moles — the 
degenerated  products  of  conception — alone  occu- 
py the  uterus  : — at  other  times,  a  foetus  likewise 
exists.  In  certain  cases,  and  owing  to  accidental 
circumstances,  the  fecundated  ovum  remains  in 
the  ovarium,  or  is  arrested  in  the  Fallopian  tube. 
Pregnancy  has,  accordingly,  been  distinguished 
into,  1.  Natural  or  uterine,  when  the  fa?tus  is 
carried  in  the  cavity  of  the  womb :  and,  2.  Pre- 
ternatural or  extra-uterine,  Exfata'tion,  Concep'- 
tio  vitio'sa,  Paracye'sia  seu  Eccyc'sis,  Evthystero- 
cye'sis,  EcJithysterocye'sis,  Bysto'cia,  Byscye'nis 
seu  Gravid'itas  extra-uteri'na,  (F.)  Grossesse-con- 
tre-nature, — when  it  occurs  in  the  ovarium,  tube, 
or  cavity  of  the  abdomen. 

During  pregnancy,  the  female  experiences  re- 
markable changes  in  the  condition  of  her  organa 


PREaNANCY 


711 


PRENANTHES 


and  functions.  The  genital  apparatus  is,  of 
course,  most  affected.  The  uterus  changes  its 
shape,  situation,  size,  and  texture.  The  usual 
signs  of  pregnancy  are, — suppression  of  the  cata- 
mcnia ;  the  abdomen  gradually  enlarging  and 
forming  a  hard  tumour;  the  umbilicus  prominent 
in  the  latter  months ;  the  breasts  increasing  in 
size  ;  the  areola  round  the  nipple  becoming  darker 
and  the  follicles  more  developed ;  kyestein  in  the 
urine  from  an  early  period ;  a  bluish  tint  of  the 
vagina  after  the  fourth  week ;  about  the  fifth 
month,  the  evidence  by  hallottement,  and  the  pla- 
cental souffle  and  sound  of  the  foetal  heart  heard 
on  auscultation ;  the  motion  of  the  foetus  per- 
ceptible, and  the  neck  of  the  uterus  diminishing 
in  length  at  the  advanced  periods. 

Preg!*ancv,  Abdom'inal,  Eccye'sis  ahdomina'- 
lis,  Cosliocye'sis,  Gravid'itas  abdoniina'lis,  (F.) 
Grossesse  abdominale.  That  in  which  the  ovum 
has  escaped  into  the  cavity  of  the  abdomen. 

Phegnancy,  Afce'tal,  Pregnancy  loithout  a 
fcetus,  (F.)  Grossesse  afoetale,  G.  sans  foetus. 
Pregnancy  produced  by  a  false  or  degenerate 
conception,  or  any  other  affection,  which  has 
given  place  to  unusual  development  of  the  uterus. 
Madame  Boivin  includes  in  this  class,  sarco-hys- 
terie,  hydro-hysterie,  gazo-hysteric,  and  hemato- 
hystei'ic  pregnancies. 

PREG>fANCY,  BlGEJi'lNAL,  (F.)  Grossesse  bige- 
tninale,  Double  pregnancy.  Pregnancy  in  which 
there  are  twins  in  utero. — Madame  Boivin. 

Pregnancy,  Complex,  (F.)  Grossesse  eom- 
plexe,  G.  inter-extra  uterine,  is  when  the  womb, 
besides  a  fostus,  contains  much  water,  hydatids, 
a  mole,  <fcc. 

Pregnancy,  Compound,  Polybreph'ia,  Poly- 
cye'sia.  Poly  eye' sis,  (F.)  Grossesse  composee,  is 
when  there  are  two  or  three  foetuses  in  the  cavity 
of  the  uterus. 

Pregnancy,  Double,  Pregnancy,  bigeminal — 
p.  Duration  of,  see  Pregnancy — p.  Extra-uterine, 
"see  Pregnancy. 

Preg'nancy,  False,  Gravid'itas  spuria,  (F.) 
Grossesse  fauase  ou  apparente,  Pseudocye'sis. 
Authors  have  called  thus  different  affections  of 
a  more  or  less  serious  character,  which  resemble 
pregnancy  ;  so  as,  at  tim'es,  to  impose  upon  the 
best-informed  practitioners.  These  diseases  may 
be  seated  in  the  uterus  or  its  dependencies,  in 
the  intestines  or  some  other  part  of  the  abdomen. 
They  may  be  ; — a  mole,  hydatids,  water,  blood, 
or  polypus  distending  the  parietes  of  the  uterus ; 
—  chronic  enlargement  of  the  uterus;  develop- 
ment of  tumours,  &o.,  in  its  substance; — scirrhus  ; 
dropsy  of  the  ovaria;  ascites;  tympanites,  &c. 

Pregnancy,  Fcetal,  (F.)  Grossesse  fcetale. 
Pregnancy  in  which  there  is  a  fcetus,  or  more 
than  one,  in  the  uterus  or  out  of  it.  Madame 
Boivin  puts  in  this  class — the  solitary,  bigeminal, 
trigeminal,  and  sarco-foetal  pregnancies,  which 
form  the  first  ord^r;  and  the  tubal,  ovarial,  and 
abdominal,  which  constitute  the  second. 

Pregnancy,  Gazo-hyster'ic,  (F.)  Grossesse 
Gazo-hysierique.  Afoetal  pregnancy,  caused  by 
development  of  air  or  gas  in  the  cavity  of  the 
womb. — Madame  Boivin. 

Pregnancy,  H^mato-hysteric,  (F.)  Grossesse 
Tiemato-hysterique.  Afcetal  pregnancy,  caused 
by  accumulation  of  blood  in  the  uterus. — Madame 
Boivin. 

Pregnancy,  Hydro-hysteric,  (F.)  Grossesse 
hydro-hysterique.  Afoetal  pregnancy,  occasioned 
by  the  secretion  and  accumulation  of  serous  fluid 
in  the  uterus. 

Pregnancy,  Interstit"ial,  Gravid'itas  in 
vteri  substan'tid,  Gravid'itas  interstitia'lis.  The 
development  of  the  embryo  in  the  proper  sub- 
Stance  of  the  uterus.     The  case  generally  termi- 


nates fatally  at  an  early  period  of  gestation;  the 
thin  external  paries  of  the  uterus  being  ruptured, 
and  the  ovum  passing  into  the  abdominal  cavity. 

Pregnancy,  Morbid,  Paravyc'sis,  Dysio'cio, 
Dyscye'sis.  The  progress  of  pregnancy  disturbed 
or  endangered  by  the  supervention  of  general  or 
local  disorder. —  Good. 

Pregnancy,  Ova'rian,  (F.)  Grossesse  ovaridinK 
ou  de  I'ovaire,  Eccye'sis  ova'ria,  Oariocy-'sis, 
O'dcye'sis,  Gravid'itas  extra-uteri' i^a  in  oi'a'rio. 
Pregnancy  in  which  the  foetus  is  developed  in  the 
interior  of  the  ovary. 

Pregnancy,  Plea  of.  A  plea,  which  a  woman, 
capitally  convicted,  may  set  up  in  arrest  of  exe- 
cution until  she  is  delivered.  See  Jury  of  Ma- 
trons, and  De  ventre  inspiciendo. 

Pregnancy,  Pretend'ed.  The  criminal  act 
of  a  female,  who,  not  having  been  delivered,  pre- 
sents an  infant  as  having  been  born  of  her.  (F.} 
Supposition  de  part.  (This  tei'm,  in  French, 
likewise  includes  the  case  of  a  female,  who,  hav- 
ing been  delivered  of  a  dead  child,  substitutes  foi 
it  a  living  child  which  is  not  hers.) 

Pregnancy,  Sarco-fcetal,  (F.)  Grossesse  sar- 
co-fcetale.  Pregnancy  in  which  there  are  one  or 
more  foetuses,  and  one  or  more  moles. — Madame 
Boivin. 

Pregnancy,  Sarco-Hysteeic,  (F.)  Grossesse 
sarco-hysterique.  Afoetal  pregnancy  formed  bj' 
moles,  hydatids,  or  a  false  conception. — Madame 
Boivin. 

Pregnancy,  Sol'itary,  (F.)  Grossesse  solitaire 
ou  simple.  Pregnancy  in  which  there  is  a  single 
foetus. — Madame  Boivin. 

Pregnancy,  Trigem'inal,  (F.)  Grossesse  tri- 
geminale  ou  triple.  Pregnancy  in  which  there 
are  three  foetuses  in  the  cavity  of  the  uterus. — 
Madame  Boivin. 

Pregnancy,  Tubal,  (F.)  Grossesse  tubairc, 
Eccye'sis  tubu'lis.  Pregnancy  where  the  fcetus 
remains  and  is  developed  in  the  Fallopian  tube. 

Pregnancy,  Uterine,  see  Pregnancy. 

Pregnancy,  Utero- abdom'inal,  (F.)  Grossesse 
utevo-abdominale.  Pregnancy  consisting  of  two 
foetuses;  one  in  the  uterus — the  other  in  the  ab- 
dominal cavity. — Madame  Boivin. 

Pregnancy,  Utero-ova'rial,  (F.)  Grossesse 
utero-ovarienne.  Pregnancy  with  two  foetuses, 
one  in  the  womb,  the  other  in  the  ovary. 

Pregnancy,  Utero-tubal,  (F.)  Grossesse  utt- 
ro-tubaire.  Pregnancy  in  which  there  is  at  the 
same  time  a  fcetus  in  the  womb  and  another  in 
the  Fallopian  tube. 

PREGNANT,  Pragnans,  Prcegnas,  Prmgna:>', 
Encnr'pos,  Grav'ida,  Plena  mu'lier,  Incinc'ta, 
Gravid,  Breeding,  (F.)  Enceinte.  One  in  a  state 
of  pregnancy; — one  with  child. 

PREHENSIO,  Catalepsy,  Epilepsy. 

PREHEN'SION,  Prehen'sio,  from  preheiiderc, 
'  to  lay  hold  of.' 

Prehension  of  Food  is  the  act  of  carrying  it 
to  the  mouth,  and  introducing  it  into  that  cavity. 
It  is,  also,  called  Assump'tio,  Proslep' sis,  Pros'- 
phora.  \ 

PRJ&LE,  Hippuris  vulgaris. 

PRELOMBAIRE,  Prelumbar. 

PRELOMBO-PUBIEN,  Psoas  parvus—/), 
TrocJitntin,  Psoas  magnus. 

PRELUM,  Press  —  p.  Arteriale,  Tourniquet. 

PRELUM'BAR,  Prailumba'ris,  (F.)  Prelom 
baire,  from  prai,  'before,'  and  Inmbi,  'the  loins.' 
That  which  is  placed  before  the  loins.  The  pre- 
lumbar surface  of  the  spinal  column  is  the  ante- 
rior surface  of  the  lumbar  portion. 

PREMONITORY,  see  Precursory. 

PRENAN'THES,  Gall  of  the  Earth,  Dewin 
Snakeroot,  Lion's  Foot.     There  are  many  specie* 


PRENDRE 


ri2 


PRESCRIPTION 


of  this  indigenous  plant,  whose  root  and  milky 
juice  are  very  bitter.  They  are  used  in  popular 
practice  in  dysentery;  and  in  the  form  of  cata- 
plasm to  bites  of  serpents. 

Prenanthes  Serpentahia,  Nabalus  albus. 

PRENDRE  INSCRIPTION,  see  Matriculate. 

PREPARA'TION,  Prapara'tio,  from  prce, 
'before/  and  parare,  paratum,  'to  get  ready.' 
The  act  of  making  ready  any  substance  whatever 
that  has  to  be  employed  for  any  purpose. 

Also,  the  product  of  any  pharmaceutical  ope- 
ration ;  —  Prapara'tum. 

xiny  part  of  the  human  body,  preserved  for  the 
uses  of  the  anatomist,  is  so  called. 

PREP'UCE,  PrcBpu'thim,  perhaps  from  vpos, 
and  TcoaQri,  '  the  foreskin.'  Epago'gium,  Posthe, 
I'ella,  Pos'thium,  Pu'tium,  Foreskin.  The  pro- 
longation of  the  integuments  of  the  penis,  which 
covers  the  glans.  The  prepuce  is  composed  of 
two  membranous  layers :  one  external  or  cuta- 
neous ;  the  other  internal  or  mucous,  separated 
by  areolar  membrane.  The  mucous  membrane 
lines  the  inner  surface  of  the  cutaneous  layer  till 
beyond  the  glans,  when  it  is  reflected  over  the 
latter;  forming,  behind  the  corona,  a  small  cul- 
de-sac  above  the  corpora  cavernosa,  which  is  in- 
t-errupted  by  a  triangular  duplicature  of  the  mu- 
cous membrane,  called  the.  franum ,  fixed  in  the 
furrow  at  the  inferior  part  of  the  glans,  and  ter- 
minating at  a  little  distance  from  the  orifice  of 
the  urethra.  The  clitoris  is  covered  by  a  semi- 
lunar fold  formed  by  a  continuation  of  the  skin 
of  the  labia.     It  is  called  PrcBpu'tium  clitor'idia. 

PREPU'TIAL,  PrcBputia'lis ;  same  etymon. 
Belonging  or  relating  to  the  prepuce;  —  as  the 
'  preputial  secretion,' — or  that  which  takes  place 
from  the  lining  of  the  prepuce  covering  the  glans. 

PRESBYODOCHIUM,  Gerocomium. 

PRESBYON'OSI;  from  57p£cr/3uj,  'old,'  and 
roaos,  '  disease.'     Diseases  of  old  age. 

PRESBYOPIA,  Presbytia. 

PRESBYSPHACELUS,  Gangrene  of  old 
people. 

PRESBYT'IA,  Preshyo'pia,  Amhlyo'pia  prox- 
iiiw'rum,  Visus  seni'lis,  Pres'hynpy,  (P.)  Vue 
Inngue  ;  from  -rpscrfivi,  '  an  old  person.'  A  very 
high  degree  is  termed  Hypierpreshyt' ia.  A  con- 
dition of  vision,  common  in  old  persons,  which 
consists  in  the  circumstance  of  near  objects  being 
confusedly  seen,  whilst  those  at  a  greater  dis- 
tance are  clearly  distinguished.  It  is  supposed 
to  depend  generally  on  diminution  of  the  convex- 
ity of  the  cornea;  whence  results  an  alteration  in 
the  convergency  of  the  rays,  so  that  they  form  a 
focus  behind  the  retina.  This  defect  is  remedied 
by  the  use  of  convex  glasses,  which  augment  the 
convergence  of  the  luminous  rays.  It  is,  also, 
called  Lo»ff-eic/hted>iess,  Parop'sia  longin'qua, 
Dyao'pia  proximo' rum. 

PRESCRIP'TION,  Prascrip'tio,  Anag'raphe, 
from  prcB, '  before,'  and  scrihere,  '  to  write.'  For'- 
rinila  med'ica,  PrcBScrip'tio  med'ica,  Recep'tiiin, 
(F.)  Formule,  Ordonnance.  The  formula  which 
the  physician  writes  for  the  composition  of  medi- 
cine adapted  to  any  case  of  disease.  A  prescrip- 
tion should  be  as  simple  as  possible,  and  should 
bear  upon  its  face  the  evidence  of  the  objects  to 
be  fulfilled  by  it.  No  article  should  form  part 
of  it,  unless  adapted  for  serving  some  useful  pur- 
pose. A  compound  prescription  has  been  divided 
into  four  parts  :— the  huaiB  or  principal  ingredient 
■>f  the  prescription  ;  the  ad'juvana,  or  that  which 
!s  designed  to  promote  the  action  of  the  former; 
the  cnr'r-igcnn,  or  that  intended  to  correct  its  ope- 
ration, or  obviate  any  unpleasant  symptom  which 
il  may  be  apt  to  produce;  and  the  coimtit'ucnt, 
ifQ-ip'ieiit,  or  substance  which  gives  to  the  other 


ingredients  consistence  or  form.  All  these  are 
seen  in  the  following  formula  for  cathartic  pills  : 

Aloes 5J Basis. 

Hyd.  Chlorid.  mit.    gr.  x Adjuuam. 

Olei  Carui gtt.  v Corrigena. 

Syrupi q.  s Coiiatituens. 

M.  et  fiant.  PilulaB  xx.     See  Symbol. 

It  is  obvious,  however,  that  most  prescriptions 
are  more  simple  than  this.  The  basis,  for  exam- 
ple, may  require  neither  adjuvant,  corrigent,  nor 
constituent. 

Dr.  Paris  has  given  the  following  synopsis  of 
the  principles  of  medicinal  combination,  lamato- 
taxtolog"ia,  lamatvsyntaxiolog" ia,  which  may 
serve  as  an  instructive  guide  to  the  prescriber : — 

OBJECT  I. 

TO  PROMOTE  THE  ACTION  OF  THE  BASIS. 

A.  By  combining  the  several  different  forms  or 
preparations  of  the  same  auhstance.  B.  By  com- 
bining the  basis  with  substances  which  are  of  the 
same  nature ;  i.  e.,  which  are  individually  capa- 
ble of  producing  the  same  effects,  with  less  ener- 
gy than  when  in  combination  with  each  other. 
C.  By  combining  the  basis  with  substances  of  a 
different  nature,  and  which  do  not  exert  any  che- 
mical influence  upon  it,  but  are  found  by  expe- 
rience, or  inferred  by  analogy,  to  be  capable  of 
rendering  the  stomach  or  system  more  suscepti- 
ble of  its  action. 

OBJECT  II. 

TO  CORRECT  THE  OPERATION  OF  THE  BASIS  BT  OE- 
VIATINQ  ANY  UNPLEASANT  EFFECTS  IT  MIGHT 
BE  LIKELY  TO  OCCASION,  AND  WHICH  WOULD 
PERVERT  ITS  INTENDED  ACTION,  AND  DEFEAT 
THE  OBJECT  OF  ITS  EXHIBITION. 

A.  By  chymicully  neutralizing  or  mecTianically 
separating  the  offending  ingredient.  B.  By  add- 
ing some  substance  calculated  to  guard  the  sto- 
mach or  system  against  its  deleterious  effects. 

OBJECT  III. 

TO  OBTAIN  THE  JOINT  OPERATION  OF  TWO  OR  MORE 
MEDICINES. 

A.  By  uniting  those  medicines  which  are  cal- 
culated to  produce  the  same  ultimate  results,  but 
by  modes  of  operation  totally  different.  B.  By 
combining  medicines  which  have  entirely  differ- 
ent powers ;  and  which  are  required  to  obviate 
different  symptoms,  or  to  answer  different  indi- 
cations. 

OBJECT  IV. 

TO  OBTAIN  A  NEW   AND    ACTIVE    REMEDY,  NOT   AF- 
FORDED BY  ANY  SINGLE  SDESTANCE. 

A.  By  combining  medicines  which  excite  dif- 
ferent actions  in  the  stomach  and  system,  in  con- 
sequence of  which  neie  or  modified  results  are 
produced.  B.  By  combining  substances  which 
have  the  property  of  acting  chymically  upon  each 
other  ;  tho  results  of  which  are  : — a.  The  forma- 
tion of  new  compounds;  h.  The  decomposition 
of  the  original  ingredients,  and  the  development 
of  the  more  active  elements.  C.  By  comlDining 
substances,  between  which  no  other  change  is 
induced  than  a  diminution  or  increase  in  the  so- 
lubility of  the  principles  in  which  their  medicinal 
virtues  reside,  a.  By  the  intervention  of  sub- 
stances that  act  chymically.  h.  By  tho  addition 
of  ingredients  whose  operation  is  entirely  me- 
chanical. 

OBJECT  V. 

TO  AFFORD  AN  ELIGIBLE  FORM. 

Of.  By  which  the  efficacy  of  the  remedy  is  en- 
hanced,     h.  By   which  its   aspect  or  Jlavour  It 


PKESENTATION 


ns 


PRIMULA 


rendered  more  agreeable,  or  its  mode  of  adminis- 
tration more  convenient,  c.  By  which  it  is  pre- 
served from  the  spontaneous  decomposition  to 
which  it  is  liable. 

[The  vocabulary  in  the  author's  "  Medical  Stu- 
dent," Philad.  1844,  will  aid  the  student,  not  only 
in  translating,  but  in  writing  his  prescriptions 
more  8olitoS\ 

PRESENTA'TION,  from  (Lat.)  ^)-<Bse)is,  (prce, 
'before,'  and  ens,  'being.')     The  part  of  a  foetus 
which  is  ie\t  presenting,  on  examination  ^e?-  vagi- 
nam.     When   the  head  presents,  and   especially 
the  vertex,  or  the  feet,  knees,  or  breec^i,  the  pre- 
sentation is  said  to  be  natural:  when  any  other 
part,  preternatural,  and  the  labour  is  styled  per- 
verse or  preternatural,  Parodyn'ia  perver'sa,  Dys- 
t/j'cia  perver'sa.    Cross-birth,    (F.)    Accouchement 
(mitre  nature.     When  any  part  besides  the  head, 
feet,  knees,  or  breech  presents,  the  operation  of 
turning  becomes  necessary.     See  Parturition. 
PRE^SIS,  Swelling. 
PRESLE,  Hippuris  vulgaris. 
PRESMA,  Swelling. 

PRESPI'NAL,  PrcBspina'lis,  from  prcs,  'be- 
fore,' and  spina,  '  the  spine.'  That  which  is 
situate  before  the  spine.  The  prespinal  surface 
of  the  vertebral  column  is  the  anterior  surface. 

PRESS,  Prce'lium,  Prm'lium,  Presso'rium,  Pi- 
ester,  Pieste'rion,  (F.)  Pressoir,  Presse.  An  in- 
strument for  sulijecting  matters  to  considerable 
pressure,  for  the  purpose  of  separating  the  liquid 
from  the  solid  portion. 

Press  op  Herophilus,  Torcular  Herophili. 
PRESSE-ART^RE.  An  instrument  invented 
by  Deschamps  for  the  immediate  compression  of 
wrteries.  It  is  composed  of  a  plate  six  or  seven 
lines  long,  and  three  broad,  and  of  a  rod  or  stem 
two  inches  long,  placed  perpendicularly  above 
the  plate  and  riveted.  At  each  extremity  of  the 
plate  is  a  hole,  through  which  each  of  the  ends 
of  the  ligature,  to  be  placed  upon  the  artery,  is 
passed.  The  ligature  is  then  to  be  tightened  by 
drawing  the  ends,  and  fixing  them  to  the  perpen- 
dicular rod.  This  presse-artere  or  serre-artere, 
surrounded  with  charpie,  remains  in  the  wound, 
until  there  is  no  longer  danger  of  hemorrhage. 
The  ligature  is  then  cut,  and  the  instrument 
withdrawn.     It  is  an  unnecessary  instrument. 

PRESSE-URETHRE,  Jugum  Penis.  A  kind 
of  forceps  of  elastic  iron,  the  branches  of  which, 
padded,  may  be  approximated  or  separated  by 
means  of  a  screw.  The  penis  is  introduced  be- 
tween the  branches,  one  of  them  being  applied 
to  the  urethra,  and  the  screw  is  tightened  so  as 
to  exercise  a  degree  of  pressure  sufiSeient  to  bring 
the  parietes  of  the  canal  in  contact.  This  instru- 
ment is  sometimes  used  in  incontinence  of  urine, 
to  prevent  the  constant  discharge  of  that  fluid. 
PRESSIO.  Pressure. 

PRESS  ION  ABD03IINALE,  Pressure,  ab- 
dominal. 

PRESSOIR,  Press— p.  d'Eerophile,  Torcular 
Herophili. 

PRESSORIUM,  Press. 

PRESSURE,  Pres'aio,  from  premo,  pressum, 
'  I  press.'     The  action  of  pressing. 

Pressure,  Abdoji'inal,  (F.  )  Pression  abdomi- 
nale.  A  mode  of  examination  by  means  of  which 
the  sensibility,  size,  suppleness,  or  hardness  of 
any  morbid  abdominal  viscus  may  be  compared, 
in  these  respects,  with  its  healthy  condition. 
Bichat  proposed,  with  the  view  of  exploring  the 
state  of  the  thoracic  organs,  to  exert  a  pressure 
from  below  upwards  on  the  abdominal  organs,  so 
as  to  crowd  them  upon  the  diaphragm,  and  thus 
to  diminish  the  dimensions  of  the  cavity  of  the 
chest,  noticing  to  what  esteut  respiration  was 


affected   by  this  action.     No  great  information 
can  of  course  be  derived  from  it. 

PRETENDED  DISEASES,  Feigned  disea^^es. 

PRBTIB'IAL,  PrcBtibia'lis,  from prcB,  'befoK;,' 
and  tibia,  '  the  tibia.'  That  which  is  situate  be- 
fore the  tibia;  as  the  ilio-pretibial  and  ischio- 
pretibial  muscles. 

PREVEN'TIVE,  ROYAL,  from  prmvenire, 
(prcp,  and  venire,)  'to  come  before.'  An  empi- 
rical preparation,  used  as  a  prophylactic  against 
the  venereal  virus.  It  is  a  solution  of  acetate  of 
lead,  —  the  Liquor  Plumbi  Subacetatis  dilutus. 

PREVER'TEBRAL  APONEURO'SIS.  The 
aponeurosis  which  covers  the  muscles  of  the  pre- 
vertebral region. 

Previ4rtebral  Artery.  A  ramus  of  the  me- 
ningeal branch,  and  sometimes  even  of  the  trunk, 
of  the  pharyngeal  artery,  which  is  distributed  to 
the  prevertebral  region. 

Prevertebral  Muscles,  see  Cervical  region, 
antei-ior  —  p.  Region,  Cervical  region,  anterior. 

PRIAPEIA,  Nicotiana  rustiea. 

PRIAPIS'COS.  Same  etymon  as  the  next. 
Name  of  a  piece  of  wood  which  forms  part  of  the 
scamnum  Hippocraticum.  Paulus  of  j3ilgina  calls 
thus  a  tent  of  linen  shaped  like  a  penis. 

PRIAPIS'MUS,  Tenti'go,  T.  Penis,  Pri'apism, 
Horn-colic  (vulg.),  Enta'sia  Priapis'mus,  Rhopa- 
lis'mus,  Satyri'asis,  Styma,  Stysis,  from  Tlpia-n-oSf 
Priapus,  'the  male  organ.'  Constant  and  dis- 
tressing erection,  without  any  voluptuous  idea  or 
desire  for  venery.  It  is  often  symptomatic;  and 
sometimes  the  immediate  result  of  morbific  causes, 
— of  the  action  of  cantharides,  for  example.  The 
application  of  cold  liquids  to  the  penis,  and  the 
internal  use  of  opium  and  camphor,  are  the  means 
usually  had  recourse  to  for  its  removal. 

PRIAPITIS,  Phallitis. 

PRIA'PUS,  Mutun'nus.  In  ancient  mythology 
the  deity  who  presided  over  gardens  and  the  parts 
of  generation,  so  called  propter  deformitatem  et 
membri  virilis  magnitudinem. 

Priapus,  Penis — p.  Cervi,  see  Cervus — p.  Ceti, 
Leviathian  penis. 

PRICKING,  Sax.  ppiccian,  (D.)  prick  en, 
(F.)  Picotement.  A  variety  of  pain,  compared  to 
that  which  pointed  bodies  would  occasion. 

PRIDE  OF  CHINA,  Melia  azedarach— p.  of 
India,  Melia  azedarach  —  p.  Tree,  Melia  azeda- 

PRIEST-PHYSICIANS,.see  Asclepiadse. 

PRIEST'S  PINTLE,  Arum  macnlatum. 

PRIMA  CELLA  COLI,  Csecum. 

PRIMiE  VI^.  The  first  passages.  The  sto- 
mach and  intestinal  canal:  —  the  lacteals  being 
the  seoun'dce  vi'ce  or  second  passages.  See  Ways, 
digestive. 

PRIMARY_^  CELL,  see  Cell. 

PRIMEVERE,  Primula  veris. 

PRIMIP'ARA,  Primipartu' riens,  from  primus, 
'first,'  and  parere,  'to  bring  forth.'  A  name 
given  to  a  female  who  brings  forth  for  the  first 
time. 

PRIMIPARTURIENS,  Primipara. 

PRIMI-STERNAL,  Primi-sterna'lis,  from  pri- 
mus, 'the  first,' and  sternum,  'the  sternum.'  M. 
BSclard  has  called  os  primi-stcrnal  or  elavi-stcr- 
nal,  the  bony  portion  of  the  sternum. 

PRIMIT"I^.  The  first  waters,  or  the  loatem 
discharged  before  the  extrusion  of  the  foetus. 

PRIMITIVE  BAND,  see  Nerve  fibres  — p. 
Streak,  Groove,  primitive. 

PRIMORDIAL  CELL,  see  CelL 

PRIMORDIUM,  Arche. 

PRIMROSE,  EVENING,  (Enothera  biennis 
— p.  Tree,  (Enothera  biennis. 

PRIMULA  OFFICINALIS,  P.  veris— p.  V*. 
riabilis,  P.  veris. 


PKINCEPS 


714 


PROBASCAXTIUM 


Prim'ola  Veris,  p.  officina'h's  sen  varinh'Uis, 
from  pHm'idtis,  'the  beginning.'  So  called,  be- 
cause it  flowers  in  the  beginning  of  the  spring. 
Veritas' culum,  Paral'ysis,  Herha  paralys'eoa  seu 
-2)ai-ali/t'icci,  the  Ooicslip,  Paigil  or  Peagle,  (F.) 
Primevere.  J-'unnVy,  Primulaoeae.  Sex.  Syst.  Ven- 
tandria  Monogynia.  The  flowers  have  been  con- 
sidered to  be  mildly  tonic,  antispasmodic,  and 
anodyne. 

Primula  Vulga'ris.  The  leaves  and  roots  of 
this  plant  have  been  used  as  sternutatories. 

PPlINCEPS,  Rectum. 

PrincepS  Cervi'cis  (Artery),  Cervical  Artery. 
A  branch  of  the  occipital  artery,  which  descends 
between  the  splenius  and  complexus  muscles,  and 
"laay  be  followed  down  to  the  lower  part  of  the 
neck. 

Princeps  Pol'ltcis  (Arteria),  Arte'ri'a  magna 
pul'lieis.  When  the  two  collateral  arteries  of  the 
ttiumb  take  origin  from  a  common  trunk  —  the 
trunk  is  the  Princejjs  pollicis. 

PRINCIPE  CRYSTALLIZABLE  BE  BE- 
ROSNE,  Narcotine. 

PRINCIPES  niMEBIATS,  Principles,  im- 
mediate. 

PRINCIPIUM,  Arehe,  Element —p.  Acidifi- 
cans,  Oxygen — p.  Adstringens,  Tannin — p.  Byr- 
podepsicum,  Tannin — p.  Coriaoeum,  Tannin — p. 
Ilydrogeneticum,  Hydrogen  —  p.  Hydroticum, 
Hydrogen — p.  Osygenans,  Oxygen — p.  Salivale, 
see  Saliva — p.  Scytodepsicum,  Tannin — p.  Uri- 
nosum,  Urea. 

PRIX'CIPLE,  COL'OURING,  OP  THE 
BLOOD.  A  name,  given  to  the  immediate  prin- 
ciple in  animals,  to  which  the  blood  owes  its  red 
colour.  It  is  solid,  inodorous,  and  insipid.  When 
recently  separated  from  blood,  it  has  a  purple- 
red  colour.  When  distilled,  it  furnishes,  amongst 
other  products,  a  purple  oil.  It  is  insoluble  in 
water ;  but,  if  diluted  with  that  liquid,  acquires 
a  vinous-red  hue.  It  communicates  a  red  colour 
to  the  albumen  of  the  blood,  and  aiFords,  on  ana- 
lysis, iron,  to  which  the  colour  has  been  ascribed. 
See  Hsemaphaein,  and  Haematin. 

Principle,  Digestive,  Pepsin  —  p.  Vital,  see 
Vital  principle. 

PRINCIPLES,  IMME'DIATE,  (F.)  Principea 
immediats,  llateriaux  immediats.  A  name  given 
to  a  considerable  number  of  substances,  composed 
of  at  least  three  elements,  and  which  are  obtained 
from  animals  and  vegetables  without  alteration, 
by  simple  processes,  and,  in  some  measure,  im- 
rnedio.tely . 

Principles,  Immediate,  op  Animals,  Proxi- 
mate pjrinciples,  Organic  Elements,  Compounds 
of  Organization.  These  are  divided  into  acid 
principles,  fatty  principles,  and  principles  which 
are  neither  fat  nor  acid.  The  first  include  the 
vric,  rosacic,  purpuric,  allantoic,  caseic,  butyric, 
Ac.  The  fatty  principles  are: — stearin,  elain, 
cholesterin,  &c. ;  and  the  last  division  includes 
the  most  important  compounds  of  organization  : 
— Jihrin,  gelatin,  albumen,  casein,  osmazome,  &c. 

Principles,  Proximate,  P.  immediate. 

PRINOS,  P.  verticilla'tus,  Alean'na  major  lati- 
fo'lia  denta'ta,  Aquifo'lium  fo'liis  decid'uis,  Pri- 
vos  Grono'vii,  Prinoa  padifolius,  Black  Alder, 
Virginia  Winterberry,  Whorled  Winterberry, 
Fevcrbush,  (F.)  Apalachine  d  feuilles  de  Prnnier. 
Ord.  Aquifoliaeeae.  Sex.  Syst.  Ilexandria  Mono- 
gynia. The  bark  of  this  common  shrub  of  the 
United  States  is  astringent,  bitter,  and  pungent. 
The  berries  are,  likewise,  bitter.  The  bark  has 
been  used  as  a  substitute  for  the  cinchona,  in  in- 
Ipfmittents,  and  as  a  tonic. 
PEiif0.s  Qronovii,  Prinos. 


Prinos  L^TlGA'Trs,  Smooth  Winti  -herry.  7:a- 

digenous  :  has  the  same  properties  as 
Prinos  Papifolii  s,  Prinos. 
PRIOX,  Saw. 

PRIOXO'DES,  from  irpiwv,  '  a  saw,'  and  ewos, 
'shape.'  Serra'ted.  Applied  to  the  sutures  of 
the  head. 

PRIOR  AXXULA'RIS,  Interos'seus  qnariiis 
of  Winslow.  An  internal  interosseous  muscle, 
which  arises  from  the  outside  of  the  metacarpal 
bone  of  the  ring-finger,  and  is  inserted  into  the 
outside  of  the  tendon  on  the  back  of  the  ring- 
finger.  Its  use  is  to  draw  the  ring-finger  out- 
wards. 

PRIOR  IN'DICIS,  Exten'sor  tnr'tii  interno'- 
dii  in'diois,  (F.)  Sotts-metacarjjo-loteri-pjJialan- 
gien.  It  arises  from  the  outer  or  radial  side  of 
the  metacarpal  bone  of  the  fore  finger,  and  is  in- 
serted into  the  outside  of  the  tendon  on  the  back 
of  the  fore-finger.  Action :  —  to  draw  the  finger 
outwards,  towards  the  thumb. 

Prior  Indicis  Pedis,  Adductor  In'dicis  pedis. 
An  external,  interosseous  muscle  of  the  foot, 
which  arises  from  the  contiguous  sides  of  the 
metatarsal  bones  of  the  great  and  fore  toes,  and 
is  inserted  into  the  inside  of  the  root  of  the  first 
bone  of  the  fore- toe.  Action  :  —  to  pull  the  fore- 
toe  inwards. 

Prior  Medii,  Prior  medii  digiti. 

Prior  Me'dii  Dig"iti,  Prior  Medii,  Second 
interos' seons  of  Douglas.  An  external,  interos- 
seous muscle  of  the  hand,  which  arises  from  the 
corresponding  sides  of  the  metacarpal  bones  of 
the  fore  and  middle  fingers,  and  is  inserted  into 
the  outside  of  the  tendon  on  the  back  of  the 
middle  finger.  Action  :  —  to  draw  the  middle 
finger  outwards. 

Prior  Medii  Digiti  Pedis,  Adductor  viedii  di- 
giti pedis.  An  internal,  interosseous  muscle  of 
the  foot,  which  arises  from  the  inside  of  the  me- 
tatarsal bone  of  the  middle  toe,  and  is  inserted 
into  the  inside  of  the  root  of  the  first  bone  of  tKe 
middle  toe.  Use : — to  pull  the  middle  toe  inwards, 
or  towards  the  inner  side  of  the  foot. 

Prior  Min'imi  Digiti,  Adduc'tor  min'imi  dig"- 
iti.  An  internal,  interosseous  muscle  of  the  foot, 
which  originates  from  the  inside  of  the  metatar- 
sal bone  of  the  little  toe,  and  is  inserted  into  the 
inside  of  the  root  of  the  first  bone  of  the  little 
toe.     Action  :  —  to  pull  the  little  toe  inwards. 

Prior  Tertii  Digiti  Pedis,  Addnc'ior  lertii 
dig"ifi  pedis.  An  internal,  interosseous  muscle 
of  the  foot,  which  arises  from  the  inner  and  un- 
der part  of  the  metatarsal  bone  of  the  third  of 
the  small  toes,  and  is  inserted  into  the  inside  of 
the  root  of  the  first  bene  of  the  third  of  the  small 
toes.  Action:  —  to  pull  the  third  of  the  small 
toes  inwards. 

PRISIS,  Brygmus,  Trepanning. 

PRISMA,  Scobs. 

PRISMUS,  Brvsmus,  Trepanning. 

PRIVATE  PARTS,  Genital  organs. 

PRIVET,  Ligustrum  vulgare. 

PRIVITIES,  Genital  organs. 

PRIVY,  Ligustrum  vulgare — p.  Members,  Ge- 
nital organs  —  p.  Parts,  Genital  organs. 

PRO,  T-po,  'before.'  A  common  prefix  to  words, 
as  in  Procatarctic,  Prostate,  <tc. 

PROAGOREUSIS,  Prognosis. 

PROBAXG,  Betruso'rium  ex  bale'na.  A  long 
slender  rod  of  whalebone,  with  a  piece  of  sponge 
at  its  extremity,  intended  to  push  down  extrane- 
ous bodies,  arrested  in  the  a}sophagus,  into  the 
stomach.  A  similar  instrument  is  called  by  J.  L. 
Petit,  Repoussoir  d'aretes. 

PROBARBIUM.  Gencias. 

PROBASCANIl'M.  Amuletum. 

PROBASCANTIUM,  Amuletum. 


PROBE 


715 


PROCTOREHAGIA 


PROBE,  Catheterize,  Specillum — p.  Ej'ed,  see 
Specillum. 

PROBIXG-,  see  Melosis. 

PROBOLE,  Processus. 

PROCARDIUM,  Scrobiculus  cordis. 

PRO  CEDE,  Process. 

PROCEDURE,  Procede. 

PROCEPHALI.  Capitones. 

PROCERUS  NASI,  Pyramidalis  nasi. 

PROCES  CILIAIRES,  Ciliary  processes. 

PROCESS,  Apopliysis,  Processus. 

Proc"ess,  Ratio,  (F.)  Procede,  from  procedere, 
to  march  forwards.  Procedure, — method  of  per- 
forming any  operation,  chemical,  pharmaceutical, 
or  surgical. 

Process,  Cdneiforw,  Basilary  process  —  p. 
Modelling,  see  Modelling  Process  —  p.  of  Rau, 
see  Malleus  —  p.  Vertical  superior  longitudinal, 
Falx  cerebri. 

PROCES '  SUS.  A  process  ;  same  etymon  ; 
Projectu'ra,  Prob'ole.  An  apophysis  or  eminence 
of  a  bone;  see  Apophysis;  Also,  any  part  ■which 
seems  prolonged  beyond  others  witli  which  it  is 
in  connexion  ;  as  the  Ciliary  processes. 

Processus  Anconeus,  Olecranon  —  p.  Annu- 
laris, Pons  Varolii  —  p.  Belenoides,  see  Belenoid 
— p.  Caudatus,  Lobulus  caudatus — p.  a  Cerebello 
ad  meduUam  oblongatam.  Corpora  restiformia  — 
p.  Cerebelli  ad  pontem.  Peduncles  of  the  cere- 
bellum— p.  Cerebelli  ad  testes,  Peduncles  of  the 
eerebellum — p.  Cerebri  lateralis,  Cornu  ammonis 

—  p.  Ciliares,  Ciliary  processes — p.  Clavatus,  see 
Funiculi  graciles  — ■  p.  Cochleariformis,  see  Tym- 
panum—  p.  Cuneiformis  ossis  occipitis,  Basilary 
process  —  p.  Enteroidei  cerebri,  Convolutions 
(cerebral) — p.  Falciformis  cerebelli,  Falx  cere- 
belli— p.  Falciformis  durse  matris,  Falx  cerebri — 
p.  Gracilis  of  Rau,  see  Malleus  —  p.  Laterales 
uteri,  Tubie  Fallopianaj — p.  Mamillares,  Papillae 
of  the  kidney.  Olfactory  nerves  —  p.  Mamillares 
cerebri,  Mamillary  tubercles— p.  Olivaris,  Olivary 
Process — p.  Orbicularis  cerebri,  Infundibulum  of 
the  brain  —  p.  Papillares,  Olfactory  nerves  —  p. 
Papillarum,  Olfactory  nerves  —  p.  Rachidianus, 
Medulla  spinalis — p.  Sterni  xiphoideus.  Xiphoid. 

Proces'sus  Ter'etes,  Eminen'ticB  seu  Fascic'- 
tiJi  ter'etes.  Two  slightly  convex  bodies  forming 
the  anterior  wall  or  floor  of  the  fourth  ventricle 
of  the  brain.  They  are  separated  by  a  longitu- 
dinal groove,  which  is  continuous,  inferiorly,  with 
the  sulcus  longitudinalis  posterior  of  the  spinal 
cord.  They  are  crossed  transversely  by  several 
white  and  gray  fasciculi — liitem  transver'scB,  stria 
inedulla'res — the  origin  of  the  auditory  nerves. 

Processus  ad  Testes,  see  Valvula  A''ieussenii 

—  p.  Transversus  durae  matris.  Tentorium  —  p. 
Uvifer,  Uvula  —  p.  Ventriculi,  Duodenum  —  p. 
Xiphoides,  Xiphoid  cartilage — p.  Xipho-sternalis, 
Xiphoid  cartilage  —  p. "  Zygomaticus,  Zygomatic 
process. 

PROCHEILA,  Antelabia. 

PROCHEILIDION,  Proeheilon. 

PROCHEI'LON,  Proeheilid'ion,  Praia' hiim, 
Antiln'hium.  The  extreme  projecting  part  or 
margin  of  the  lips. 

PROCHEUMA,  Parenchyma. 

PROCFDENGE  BE  L'(EIL,  Exophthalmia. 

PROCIDENTIA,  Prolapsus  — p.  Ani,  Procto- 
cele— p.  Intestini  recti.  Proctocele — p.  Iridis,  Sta- 
phyloma of  the  Iris — p.  Oculi,  Exophthalmia — 
p.  Sedis,  Proctocele  —  p.  Uteri,  Prolapsus  uteri. 

PROCNEME,  Tibia. 

PROCNEMIUM,  Tibia. 

PROCCE'LIUS,  Procoe'his,  from  Trpo,  'before,' 
and  KoiXia,  '  belly.'  One  who  has  a  large  pendu- 
lous abdomen. 

PROCCELUS,  Procoelius. 


PROCON'DTLUS,  TpoKovivU;,  from  Trpo,  'to- 
fore,'  and  Koviv\os,  'a  knot.'  The  first  joint  of 
the  fingers;  the  second  being  called  kovi5uAos;  and 
the  third  fiiTaKoviv\os. 

PROCREATIO,  Generation  —  p.  Sanguinis. 
Hsematosis. 

PROCREATION,  Fecundation,  Generation. 

PROC'TAGRA,  from  TrpwKTo;,  'anus,'  and  aypa, 
'  seizure.'     Gout  in  the  rectum.     Proctalgia. 

PROCTAL'GIA,  Proc'tica  simplex,  Proc'ta- 
gra,  Dolor  ani,  Proctodyn'ia,  from  TtpwKTog,  'the 
anus.'  and  a\yoi,  'pain.'  Pain  in  the 'anus  :  ge- 
nerally symptomatic  of  disease,  as  of  hemorrhoids, 
scirrhus,  &c. 

Proctalgia,  Clunesia  —  p.  Httmorrhoidalis, 
Hffimorrhois — p.  Inflammatoria,  Rectitis  —  p. 
Intertriginosa,  Chafing  —  p.  Rheumatica,  Proc- 
torrheuma. 

PROCTATRE'SIA,  Imperfora'iio  ani,  from 
wpoxrof,  'the  anus,' and  aTprjaa,  ' imperforation.' 
Imperforate  state  of  the  anus. 

PROC'TICA.  Pain  or  derangement  about  the 
anus,  without  primary  inflammation.  A  genus  in 
the  class  Cceliaca,  order  Entericn,  of  Good. 

Proctica  Exajjia,  Proctocele  — ■  p.  Marisca, 
Hcemorrhois — p.  Simplex,  Proctalgia — p.  Tenes- 
mus, Tenesmus. 

PROCTISIS,  Proctitis. 

PROCTI'TIS,  Proc'tisis,  ArcTii'tis,  Clune'sia, 
Ci/sso'tis,  from  ttowktos,  '  the  anus.'  Inflammation 
of  the  anus  and  rectum.     Rectitis. 

Proctitis  Gangr.enosa,  Proctocace. 

PROCTOC'ACE,  Proctitis  gangrmno'sa,  from 
TtpaiKTos,  '  the  anus,'  and  icaKos,  '  evil.'  A  disease 
of  the  rectum,  so  called  by  Fuehs,  which,  accord- 
ing to  him,  is  common  in  Peru,  in  the  neighbour- 
hood of  Quito  and  Lima,  on  the  Honduras  and 
Mosquito  coasts,  in  Brazil,  and  on  the  Gold  coast, 
&c.  It  is  called  by  the  Portuguese,  Bicho,  and 
Bicho  di  Culo ;  by  the  people  of  Quito,  3Ial  de\ 
Valle,  from  its  prevalence  in  the  valleys  :  and  ii 
Africa,  Bitios  de  Kis.  It  is  an  adynamic,  in  flam, 
matory  condition,  frequently  ending  in  gangrene. 
It  has  been  attributed  to  bad  food,  and  the  us. 
of  spices. 

PROCTOCE'LE,  from  vpwKTos,  'the  anus,'  and 
Kn^tj,  'hernia.'  Prolap'sus  Ani,  Proctojiij'ma^ 
Proctopto'sis,  Procto'sis,  Hedroce'le,  ArcLecpto' 
ma,  Archecpto'ma,  Archopto'ma,  ArcJieoce'le,  Ar- 
chopto'sis,  Exa'nia,  Hcemor'rhois  p,roce'dens.  Ha- 
mor'rhois  ah  exa'nia,  Prociden'tia  J.ni,  P.  intes. 
ti'ni  recti,  P.  sedis,  Ecto'jna  Ani,  Sedea  procid'ua, 
Falling  doion  of  the  Fundament,  Coming  down  of 
the  Body,  (F.)  Chute  du  rectum,  C.  du  Fondement, 
Renversement  du  rectum.  Inrei-sion  and  prolapse 
of  the  mucous  coat  of  the  rectum,  from  relaxation 
of  the  sphincter  with  more  or  less  swelling.  In 
the  treatment,  the  applijation  of  cold  water  and 
astringent  lotions  mu",t  be  recommended:  and 
if  other  means  fail,  one  of  the  radii  of  skin,  which 
converge  at  the  anus,  may  be  snipped  off.  On 
cicatrizing,  the  verge  of  the  anus  will  be  con- 
tracted, and  the  cure  probably  complete.  In  the 
way  of  palliation,  the  parts  may  be  retained  by 
an  appropriate  bandage. 

PROCTOCYSTOTOMIA,  see  Lithotomy. 

PROCTODYNIA,  Proctalgia. 

PROCTON'CUS,  from  TzpwK-og,  'anus,'  and 
oyKOi,  'swelling.'     Swelling  of  the  anus. 

PROCTOPARAL'YSIS,  Proctople'gia,  Pnral'- 
ysis  IiitLsti'ni  Jtecti.  Paralysis  of  the  musclet 
of  the  rectum. 

PROCTOPLEGIA,  Proctoparalvsis. 

PROCTOPTOMA,  Proctocele. 

PROCTOPTOSIS,  Proctocele. 
'      PROCTORRHAGIA,  Hjemorrhoidal  flax. 


proctorrheum; 


716 


PROLAPSUS 


PROCTORRHEU'MA,  from  TtpoiKTo;,  'anus/ 
and  Qtvfia,  'defluxion.'    Rheumatism  of'the  anus. 

PROCTORRHCE'A,  from  rrpu/cror,  'the  anus,' 
and  p£(i),  '  I  flow.'  A  discharge  of  blood  or  slime 
from  the  anus.     See  H^morrhois. 

PROCTOS,  Anus. 

PROCTOSIS,  Proctocele. 

PROCTOSPASMUS,  Tenesmus. 

PROCTOSTENOSIS  ORGANICA,  Stricture 
of  the  rectum. 

PROCTOTOREU'SIS,  from  rrpco/cro;,  'anus,' 
and  Topviiv,  'to  perforate.'  Perforation  of  a  closed 
anus. 

PROCTUS,  Anus. 

PROCURATIO  ABORTOS.  The  promotion 
of  abortion. 

PROD'ROMUS,  from  rpo,  '  before,'  and  Spoi^o!, 
' course.'  Sta'dium  opportunita'tis  seu prodromo' - 
rum;  in  contagious  diseases,  Sta'dium  laten'tis 
oonta'gii.  The  period  immediately  preceding  an 
attack  of  disease;  in  which  the  precursory  signs 
occur. 

PROD'UCT,  from  produco,  '  I  produce.'  (F.) 
Prodtdt.  The  result  sought  to  be  attained  by 
any  pharmaceutical  operation. 

■pRODUCTIO,  Prolapsus— p.  Uvulae  h  pituita, 
Btaphyloedema. 

PRODUC'TIOISr,  Produc'tio ;  same  etymon. 
This  word  is  used,  especially  by  the  French, 
synonymously  with  prolongation.  The  mesentery 
is,  in  this  sense,  a  production  of  the  peritoneum. 
_  PR OD UOTION  AOGIDENTELLE.  An  ac- 
cidental or  adventitious  structure. 

PRODUCTIVITAS,  Fecundity. 

PRODUIT,  Product. 

PROEGUMENiE  CAUS^,  Causes,  predispo- 
nent. 

PRCELIUM,  Press,  Tourniquet. 

PROEM'INENT,  Proem'inens,  from  ^ro,  'for- 
wards,' and  eminere,  'to  project.'  Some  anato- 
mists call  the  7th  cervical  vertebra  the  proeminent 
vertebra,  on  account  of  the  length  of  its  spinous 
process,  which  passes  the  level  of  that  of  the 
neighbouring  vertebrse. 

PRffiO'TIA,  ProVotes,  vpuiiorrig,  or  irpoioTri^, 
from  irpcat,  '  early.'  '  Precocity.'  PrcBcox  matu'- 
ritas,  Preco'cious  matu'rity.  Premature  develop- 
ment of  sexual  organization  or  power. —  Good. 
_  PROFLUVII  CORTEX,  Nerium  antidysente- 
rieum. 

PROFLU'VIUM,  Discharge,  Fluxus,  Polyr- 
rhce'a.  Flux;  from  projluo,  'I  run  down.  A  term 
under  which  some  nosologists  have  comprised  all 
morbid  discharges  or  fluxes  :  —  others,  increased 
excretions  attended  by  fever. 

Propluvium  Alvi,  Diarrhoea — p.  Genitale  mu- 
liebre,  Menses — p.  Mucosum  urethra.  Gonorrhoea 
—  p.  Muliebre,  Leucorrhoea,  Menses — p.  Sangu- 
inis, Hsemorrhagia — p.  Sanguinis  e  Renibus,  Ne- 
phrorrhagia — p.  Sanguinis  ex  Ore,  Stomatorrhagia 
— p.  Sanguinis  ex  IJtero,  Metrorrhagia  —  p.  Se- 
niinis,  Pollution — p.  Ventris,  Diarrhoea. 

PROFUN'DUS,  {pro,  and  fundus,  'base.') 
Altus,  '  having  a  deep  base.'  A  name  given  to 
diflFerent  parts,  which  are  seated  profoundly  as 
regards  others. 

Profunda  Artb'ria  Fem'oris,  A.  vasta  poste'- 
rior  seu  muscula'ria  fem'oris,  Artere-grande  mus- 
cidaire  de  la  cuisse.  (Ch.)  This  large  branch 
hrises  commonly  from  the  posterior  part  of  the 
crural,  between  the  pubis  and  lesser  trochanter. 
It  descends  deeply,  situate  before  the  adductors  ; 
passes  through  the  third  adductor  above  the 
opening  in  it  for  the  trunk  of  the  femoral :  and 
terminates  in  the  short  portion  of  the  biceps. 
The  miwcularis  profunda  gives  off,  1.  The  external 
circumjlex :  2.  The  internal  circumflex:  and,  3. 
The  three  joer/branies. 


Profunda  Arte'ria  Hu'meri,  P.  supe'rior, 
Arte'ria  spira'lis,  (F.)  Artere  humirale  profonde, 
A.  collaterale  externe.  Grand  musculaire  du  bras, 
(Ch.)  Its  origin  is  variable.  AVhen  it  arises  from 
the  brachial  artery,  it  is  given  ofi'  opposite  the 
groove  of  the  humerus  destined  for  the  radial 
nerve,  and  descends  backwards  between  the  three 
portions  of  the  triceps,  accompanied  by  the  nerve; 
giving  branches  to  that  muscle  and  to  the  hume- 
rus. When  it  reaches  the  posterior  part  of  the 
bone,  it  divides  into  two  branches,  which  are  dis- 
tributed to  the  triceps,  supinator  longus,  &c. 

Profunda  Arteria  Inferior  vel  Minor  is 
often  a  branch  of  the  last;  but,  commonly,  is 
given  off  from  the  brachial,  near  the  middle  of 
the  arm.  It  gives  off  branches  to  the  muscles, 
<tc.,  about  the  inner  side  of  the  os  humeri.  It 
is,  also,  called  large  communicating  ulnar  or  "pro- 
fundo-ulnar. 

Profunda  Arteria  Penis.  Chaussier  has 
given  this  name  to  the  cav'ernous  ar'tery,  which 
arises  from  the  artery  of  the  penis,  furnished  by 
the  internal  pudio. 

Profunda  Arteria  Superior,  Profunda  hu- 
meri. 

Certain  muscles  are  distinguished  by  the  names 
profound  or  deep-seated,  and  superficial.  Thus, 
we  speak  of  the  svperficial  and  deep-seated  mus- 
cles of  the  neck,  &c. ;  the  Flexor  profundus  per- 
forans,  <tc. 

PROFUSIO,  Hajmorrhagia. 

Profusio  AqujE.  The  discharge  or  breaking 
of  the  waters  at  birth. 

Profusio  Sanguinis,  Hsemorrhagia  —  p.  Se- 
minis.  Ejaculation^  p.  Subcutanea,  Purpura 
simplex. 

PROGAS'TOR,  from  ^po,  'before,'  and  yaaT>)p, 
'belly.'     One  who  has  a  pendulous  belly. 

PROGENIES,  Epigone. 

PROGENY,  Epigone. 

PROGLOS'SIS,  from  Trpo,  'before,'  and  yXotrcra, 
'  the  tongue ;'  Apex  lingucB.  The  extremity  or 
tip  of  the  tongue. 

PROG'NATHOUS,  from  vpo,  'before,'  and 
yvaQoi,  'the  jaw.'  Having  a  projecting  jaw.  A 
term  applied  to  the  form  of  the  head  in  which 
there  is  a  prolongation  or  forward  extension  of 
the  jaws,  as  in  the  negro. 

PROGNO'SIS,  Pro'dgoreu'sis,  ProrrJie'sis, 
PrcBcognit"io,  Prognos'tice,  Prceno'tio,  Pranun- 
tia'tio,  PrcBScien'tia,  PrcBScit"io,  Pronce'a,  Proph'- 
asis,  Pradic'tio,  (F.)  Prognostic,  Pronostic.  from 
irpo,  '  before,'  and  yvuiais,  '  knowledge.'  A  judg- 
ment formed  by  the  physician  regarding  the  fu- 
ture progress  and  termination  of  any  disease. 

Prognosis,  General.  The  opinion  formed 
of  a  disease  in  the  abstract.  Thus,  we  say,  the 
General  prognosis  of  CynancJie  tonsillaris  is 
favourable;  —  of  Phthisis  ^/''-dmonalis,  unfavour- 
able, Ac. 

Prognosis,  Particular.  The  opinion  formed 
of  any  particular  case  of  disease.  The  particular 
prognosis  of  one  case  of  typhus,  for  example,  may 
be  favourable,  whilst  that  of  another  may  be  un- 
favourable. 

Prognosis  ex  LinguI,  Glossomantia, 

PROGNOSTIC,  Prognosis. 

PROGNOSTICS,  Prognosis. 

PROGRESSIO,  Augmentation. 

PROGRESSUS,  Augmentation. 

PROIOTES.  Praotia. 

PROJECTURA,  Process. 

PROLABIUM,  Prochcilon. 

PROLAP'SUS,  trom  prolabor,  prolapsus,  (pro, 
and  labor,  lapsus,  'to  slide,')  'I  slip  down.'  Pro~ 
ciden  'tia,  Delap'sio,  Delap'sus,  Hypor'rhysii, 
Propto'ma,  Propto'sis,  Produc'tio,  Propenden'tia, 


PROLECTATIO 


nr 


PROPOLIS 


Promlnen'tia,  Ptosis,  Casus,  (F.)  Chute;  a  pro- 
trusion;  a  falling  down.  A  genus  of  diseases  in 
the  class  Locales  and  order  EctoiricB  of  Cullen, 
distinguished  by  the  falling  down  of  a  part 
through  the  orifice  with  which  it  is  naturally 
connected. 

Prolapsus  Ani,  Proctocele — p.  Bulbi  oculi, 
Exophthalmia  —  p.  Corneee,  Staphyloma  of  the 
cornea — p.  Iridis,  Ptosis  iridis — p.  Linguae,  Glos- 
Bocele,  Paraglossa  —  p.  (Esophagi,  Pharyngocele 
—  p.  Palpebree,  .Blepharoptosis  —  p.  Pharyngis, 
Pharyngocele — p.  Umbilici,  Exomphalus. 

Prolapsus  U'teri,  Exomc'tra,  Metropto' sis, 
Metropropto'sis,  Orthysteropto' sis,  Orthysteropto' - 
wa,  Falling  down  of  the  womb,  JSdopto'sis  u'teri, 
JTysteropto'sis,  Hysteroce'le  nuda,  Prociden'tia 
it'teri,  (F.)  Abaissenient  de  la  matrice,  Chute  de 
la  matrice,  Deseente  de  la  matrice,  Precipitation 
de  la  matrice.  Some  use  the  term,  '  Procidentia 
Uteri'  for  a  minor  degree  of  the  affection  than 
prolapsus; — Relaxatio  uteri  expressing  the  slight- 
est state  of  all.  A  falling  down  of  the  uterus, 
owing  to  relaxation  of  the  parts  about  the  utero- 
vaginal region.  In  the  treatment,  the  horizontal 
posture  must  be  insisted  upon  ;  the  injection  of 
astringent  substances  per  vayinam  be  advised; 
and  if  the  affection  be  not  remedied  by  these 
means,  a  pessary  may  be  employed  as  a  pallia- 
tive, or  the  operation  of  Episioraphy  be  per- 
formed. 

Prolapsus  Uvuljb,  Staphyloedema. 

Prolapsus  Vagi'n^,  Hysteropto'sis  Vagi'ncB, 
Prolapsus  jEdoptosis  Yaginm,  Coleopto'sis,  Col- 
popto'sis,  Elytropto' sis  —  Protrusion  of  the  upper 
part  of  the  vagina  into  the  lower.  This,  like  the 
descent  of  the  uterus,  may  be  relaxation,  proci- 
dentia, prolapsus,  or  complete  inversion. 

Prolapsus  Vesicae,  Esocyste. 

PROLECTA'TIO ;  from  pro,  and  legere,  lec- 
tum,  'to  gather.'  Action  of  separating  the  finer 
parts  of  a  body  from  the  grosser. 

PROLEP'TICS,  Prolep)'tice,  from  Trpo,  'before,' 
and  ^afifiavto,  '  I  seize  hold  of.'  A  term  proposed 
by  Dr.  Laycock  to  signify  the  art  and  science  of 
predicting  in  medicine. 

PROLEPTICUS,  Anticipating. 

PROLES,  Epigone. 

PROL'ICIBB,  Prolicid'ium  ;  from  proles,  'off- 
spring,' and  cadere,  'to  kill.'  Destruction  of 
offspring :  a  term,  which  includes  foeticide  as 
Tirell  as  infanticide. 

PROLIP'IC,  Prolif'icus;  from  proles,  'off- 
spring,' and  facio,  'I  make.'  That  which  has 
the  faculty  of  engendering.  Applied  to  man,  and 
animals,  and  to  their  sperm  or  seed ;  as  well  as 
to  remedies,  which,  by  strengthening  the  genital 
organs,  increase  the  secretion  of  sperm. 

PROLIG"EROUS,  Pro'liger,  P)-ohy'erus, 
fi:om proles,  '  offspring,'  and  gero,  '  I  carry.'  That 
which  is  connected  with  carrying  the  offspring. 

Proligerous  Disc  or  Layer,  Eiscui  prolig"- 
enis,  Discus  vitellinus,  Stratum  prolig"erum,  Go- 
nostro'ma,  (P.)  Bisque  proligere.  A  granular 
layer,  situate  generally  towards  the  most  promi- 
nent part  of  the  ovarian  vesicle,  in  the  centre  of 
■which  the  true  ovum  or  ovule  exists. — Von  Baer. 

PROLONGEMENT  RACHIDIEN,  Medulla 
spinalis — p.  Sous-occipital,  Basilary  process. 

PROMALACTE'RIUil,  from  ^po,  'before,' 
and  naXaacu),  '  I  soften.'  The  room,  in  the  an- 
cient gymnnsium,  in  which  the  body  was  softened 
and  anointed.     One  of  the  operations  in  bathing. 

PROMAjSTUS,  see  Digitus,  PoUex. 

PROMETOPIDIA,  Frontal  bandages. 

PROMETO'PIS,  Prometopid'ion,  from  irgo, 
'before,'  and  ncr^-ov,  'the  forehead.'  The  skin 
of  the  forehead. 


PROMINENTIA,  Prolapsus,  Protuberance  — 
p.  Annularis  Cerebri,  Pons  Varolii  —  p.  Corneac, 
Ceratocele  —  p.  Ossis  Continua,  Apophysis. 

PROMINENTIA  ALBICANTES,  Mammil- 
lary  tubercles — p.  Semiovales  Medullis  Oblonga- 
tse.  Corpora  olivaria. 

PROMONTORIUM,  Promontory —  p.  Faciei, 
Nasus  —  p.  Ossis  Saeri,  see  Sacrum. 

PR0M'0NT0RY,Promo)!fo'rj»)H,(fromj9roand 
mons,  montis,  'a  mountain,')  seu  Tuber  seu  Tule- 
ros'itas  Tym'piani.  A  small  projection  at  the  in- 
ner paries  of  the  cavity  of  the  tympanum,  which 
corresponds  to  the  external  seala  of  the  cochlea, 
and  especially  to  the  outer  side  of  the  vestibule. 

Promontory  op  the  SACRUjf,  see  Sacrum. 

PRONATEUR  CARRE,  Pronator  radii  qua- 
dratus — p.  Grand  ou  rond,  Pronator  radii  teres — 
p.  Petit,  Pronator  radii  quadratus. 

PRONA'TION,  Prona'tio,  from  promts,  'in- 
clined forwards.'  Anatomists  understand,  by 
pronation,  the  motion  by  which  the  inferior  ex- 
tremity of  the  radius  passes  before  the  ulna,  and 
thus  causes  the  hand  to  execute  a  kind  of  rotation 
from  without  inwards. 

PRONA'TOR.  That  which  produces  the  mo- 
tion of  pronation.  This  name  has  been  given  to 
two  of  the  muscles  of  the  forearm. 

Pronator  Obliquus,  P.  radii  teres — p.  Qua- 
dratus, P.  radii  quadratus. 

Pronator  Ra'dii  Quadra'tus,  P.  quadratus, 
Quadratus  ra'dii,  P.  quadratus  seu  transvers' us 
(Winslow),  Pronator  radii  brevis  seu  quadratus 
(Cowper,)  (F.)  Cuhito-radial  (Ch.),  Petit  pu  carri 
pronateur.  This  muscle  is  situate  at  the  ante- 
rior, inferior,  and  profound  part  of  the  forearm. 
It  is  flat  and  square,  and  is  attached,  within,  to 
the  inferior  quarter  of  the  anterior  surface  of  the 
ulna;  and,  without,  to  the  inferior  quarter  of  the 
anterior  surface  of  the  radius.  It  produces  the 
motion  of  pronation. 

Pronator  Radii  Teres,  P.  teres  sive  obli'quvs 
(Winslow),  (F.)  EpitrocMo-radial  (Ch.),  Grand 
ou  rond  pronateiir.  A  muscle  seated  at  the  upper 
and  anterior  part  of  the  forearm.  It  is  long,  fiat, 
and  larger  above  than  below.  It  is  attached, 
above,  to  the  inner  tuberosity  of  the  humerus  and 
to  the  coronoid  process  of  the  ulna.  From  thence 
it  passes  obliquely  downwards  and  outwards,  and 
terminates  at  the  middle  of  the  outer  surface  of 
the  radius.  It  causes  the  radius  to  turn  on  the 
ulna,  to  produce  the  motion  of  pronation.  It 
can,  also,  bend  the  forearm  on  the  arm^  and  con- 
versely. 

Pronator  Teres,  P.  radii  teres. 

PRONAUS,  Vestibulum. 

PRONERVATIO,  Aponeurosis,  Tendon. 

PRONCEA,  Prognosis. 

PRONOSTIC,  Prognosis. 

PROPENDENTIA.  Prolapsus. 

PROP'ERTIES,  physical,  of  the  TIS- 
SUES. These  are  flexibility,  extensibility  and 
elasticity,  racornissement  and  imbibition. 

Properties,  Vital.  Those  which  depend  upon 
organization,  as  contractu' ity. 

PROPHASIS,  Prognosis. 

PROPHYLACTIC,  Prophylac'tinis,  Biaphy- 
lac'tic,  Biasos'tic,  Synteret'icus,  PrcBservato'rius, 
from  TTpo,  and  ^uXao-o-oj,  'I  defend.'  A  preserv- 
ative. 

PROPHYLAX'IS,  Prophylace,  PropTiylac'tice, 
Syntere'sis.  Same  etj'raon.  Prcsserva'tio,  Pr/e- 
can'iio,  Prcecusto'dia.  Preservative  or  preventive 
treatment. 

PROP'OLIS,  from  -rrpo,  'before,'  and  ttoKi^, 
'city:'  literally,  'that  which  is  before  the  city.* 
Ceranthe'mvs,  Commo'sis,  Bee-bread.  A  red,  re- 
sinous matter,  with  which  the  bees  cover  the  bow 


PROPOMA 


718 


PROSTRATION 


torn  of  the  hive.  Its  fume  has  heen  esteemed 
antiasthmatic. 

PROP'OMA,  from  Trpo,  'before,'  and  -rrona,  'a 
drink.'  Ancient  name  of  a  medicine,  composed 
of  seven  parts  of  Jioney  and  four  of  toine.  It  was 
drunk  before  a  meal. —  Paulus  of  ^gina. 

PROPORTIO,  Symmetry. 

PROPOSITUM,  Intention. 

PRGPOTIS'MGS.  Same  etymon.  Preepo'tio. 
An  ancient  name  for  medicines  vphich  ivere  given 
to  the  patients  before  purging  them,  and,  in  some 
sort,  to  prepare  them. 

PROPRIUS  AURIS  EXTERNiE,  Retrahens 
auris. 

PROPTOMA,  Prolapsus. 

Propto'ma  Auricula'rum,  ParcBsthe'sis  andi'- 
tfis  flaeca,  Flap  Ear.  Lobe  of  the  ear  broad, 
loose,  and  pendent  from  birth. —  Good. 

Proptoma  Scroti,  Rachosis. 

PROPTOSIS,  Prolapsus— p.  Palpebrse,  Ble- 
pharoptosis — p.  Uvulae,  Staphyloedema, 

PROPTYSIS,  Expectoration. 

PRORA,  Occiput. 

PRORRHESIS,  Prognosis. 

PRORUPTIO  SANGUINIS,  Hajmorrhagia, 

PROS,  Ttpog.  In  composition,  this  prefix  gene- 
rally signifies  'in  addition  to,'  'over  and  above,' 
'  besides.' 

PROSARTIIROSIS,  Diarthrosis. 

PROSBOLE.  Impression, 

PROSCHYSIS,  Affusion. 

PROSCOLLESIS,  Adherence,  Agglutination. 

PROSEOTEUR,  Dissector. 

PROSECTIO,  Anatomy. 

PROSECTOR,  Dissector. 

PROSLEPSIS,  Prehension. 

PROSODOS,  Aditus. 

PROSOPALGIA,  Neuralgia,  facial. 

PROSOPANTRA,  Frontal  sinuses. 

PROSOPANTRI'TIS,  from  prosopantra,  the 
frontal  sinuses,  and  itis,  denoting  inflammation. 
Inflammation  of  the  frontal  sinuses. 

PROSOPARALYSIS,  Palsy,  Bell's. 

PROSO'PIS  DULCIS.  A  tree  of  rather  large 
size,  native  of  Peru.  The  fruit  —  Pacay  —  is 
a  pod,  from  20  to  24  inches  long,  contain- 
ing black  seeds  imbedded  in  a  white,  soft,  flaky 
substance  ;  which  last  is  eaten  by  the  Limenos 
with  pleasure. —  Tschudi. 

PROSOPODYNIA,  Neuralgia,  facial. 

PROSOPODYSMOR'PHIA,  from  -poo-wTrov, 
'  the  face,'  ivi, '  with  difficulty,'  and  fiop-prj,  '  shape.' 
Malformation  or  atrophy  of  the  face, —  as  where 
the  process  of  nutrition  suffers  from  diminished 
nervous  influence. 

PROSOPOLOGIA,  Physiognomy. 

PROSOPOMANTIA,  Physiognomy. 

PROSOPON,  Face. 

PROSOPORRHEU'MA,  Rheumatis' mm  faciei, 
from  lipoaiinrov,  'face,'  and  piv/ia,  '  defluxion,' 
'rheumatism.'     Rheumatism  affecting  the  face. 

PROSOPOSIS,  Phvsiognomy. 

PROSOPOSPASMUS,  Canine  Laugh. 

PROS0POSTERN0DYMIA,seeCephalosoma- 
todymia. 

PROSPERITAS  VALETUDINIS,  Sanitas. 

PROSPHORA,  Prehension. 

PROS'PHYSIS,  Adnaicen'tia,  Coalif'io,  'ad- 
hesion, adbcrenee,  connexion,'  from  rpo;,  and 
fvw,  '  I  grow.'  In  a  more  limited  sense,  this 
word  means  morbid  adhesion  of  the  eyelids, 
cither  between  themselves,  or  with  the  globe  of 
the  eye;  Anlnjlohleph'aron. 

PROS'TASIS,  zpoaTaaa,  (zpo,  and  araaig,  'sta- 
tion,') 'superiority,  preponderance;'  same  ety- 
mon 0,1  Prostate.  A  predominance  or  abundance 
nf  oxcremenliiwris  humour. —  Hippocr, 


PROSTATA,  Prostate  — p.  Bartholini,  Cow- 
per's  glands  in  the  female  —  p.  Muliebris,  Cow- 
per's  glands  in  the  female. 

PROSTATA,  Prostate. 

PROSTATAL,  Prostatic. 

PROSTATAL'GIA,  from  wpoorara,  '  the  pros- 
tate,' and  aXyoi,  'pain.'     Pain  in  the  prostate. 

PROSTATAUXE,  Prostatoparectasis. 

PPiOSTATE,  irpoaraTa,  from  npo,  'before,'  and  ic- 
Tnnh  'I  stand.' — Pros'tata, P. gland' ula, Pros' tata, 
P.  glandido'scB,  Paras'tata  adeno'ides  seu  glaiidti- 
lo'sa,  Adstans,  Paras' tatm,  P.  gland'iilcB,  Prus'ta- 
t(B  adenoi'des,  Testis  minor,  Corjjvs  glandido' sum 
seu  glando'sum,  C.  adeniforme,  C.  gland  I  forme, 
C.  glandulo'sum,  C.  adenoi'des,  Assisten'tes  glav- 
didcB,  Ads'tites  glandulosi ;  the  Prostate  gland, 
A  glandular,  cordiform  body,  of  the  size  of  a 
chestnut,  situate  before  the  neck  of  the  bladder, 
behind  the  symphysis  pubis,  and  surrounding  the 
first  portion  of  the  urethra.  Its  excretory  out- 
lets, to  the  number  of  10  or  12,  open  into  the  part 
of  the  urethra  that  traverses  it,  and  pour  into  it 
a  whitish  viscid  humour,  intended  to  lubricate  the 
interior  of  the  urethra,  and  to  serve  as  a  vehicle 
for  the  sperm  in  its  ejaculation. 

PROSTATELCO'SIS,  from  rpoarara,  'pros- 
tate,' and  'cXkos,  'an  ulcer.'  Ulceration  of  the 
prostate.  ^ 

PROSTATES  INFERIEURES,  Cowper'a 
glands — p.  Petites,  Cowper's  glands. 

PROSTAT'IC,  Prostat'icus,  Pros'tatal.  That 
which  relates  to  the  prostate.  Winslow  h.ns 
named  —  Stiperior  Prostatic  Muscles  —  ligaments 
which  pass  from  the  pubis  to  the  lateral  parts  of 
the  prostate.  He,  also,  calls — Inferior  jnostaxic 
muscles — the  fleshy  fibres,  which,  from  the  lateral 
parts  of  the  urethra,  near  its  membranous  por- 
tion, pass  to  be  inserted  into  the  pubis. 

Prostatic  Bisec'tor.  An  instrument  em- 
ployed by  Dr.  Stevens,  of  New  York,  in  the  bi- 
lateral operation  of  lithotomy.  In  form  it  resem- 
bles a  large  olive,  with  a  beak  at  the  extremity, 
with  cutting  edges  at  the  sides  parallel  to  its 
longest  axis,  and  with  a  straight  handle. 

Prostatic  Liquor,  Liquor  prostat'icus.  The 
fluid  secreted  by  the  prostate,  which  mixes  with 
sperm  during  emission. 

Prostatic  Portion  of  the  Urethra.  The 
part  of  the  canal  of  the  urethra  included  by  the 
prostate  :  it  is  about  15  lines  long. 

Prostatic  Sinus,  see  Sinus,  prostatic. 

PROSTATICUS  SUPERIOR,  Compressor 
prostatce. 

PROSTATI'TIS,  Inflamma'tio  Pros'tata,  from 
■n-podTara,  '  the  prostate,'  and  itis,  denoting  inflam- 
mation.    Inflammation  of  the  prostate. 

PROSTATOCELE,  Prostatoncus. 

PROSTATON'CUS,  Prostatoce'le,  Tumor  j)ro.-'- 
fatee,  from  npoarara,  '  the  prostate,'  and  oyKo;,  '  a 
tumour.'     Swelling  of  the  prostate. 

PROSTATOPARECTASIS,  from  Trpoirrnr.,, 
'prostate,'  and  TrapcKTuvtiv,  'to  extend.'  En- 
largement of  the  prostate  ;  also,  induration  of  the 
same,  Prostatosdr'rhus,  Prostatanx'e. 

PROSTATOSCIRRHUS,    see    Prostatoparec- 

PROSTERNID'IUM,  from  Ttpo,  'before,'  and 
aripvov,  '  the  sternum.'  Any  agent  applied  to  the 
anterior  part  of  the  chest;  a  plaster  to  the  brea.»t. 

PROSTHESIS,  Prothesis. 

PROSTHETA,  Subdita. 

PROSTHIUM,  Penis. 

PROSTOM'IA,  Commiesu'ra  lahio'rum.;  (P.) 
T;pn,  'before,'  and  aropa,  'mouth.'  The  commis- 
sure of  the  lips. 

PROSTRA'TION,  Prostra'tio  vi'rivm-,  (F.) 
Prostration    des  forces,   Abattement.     Great  de- 


PROTEA 


719 


PKUNUM 


pression  of  strength.  Almost  total  loss  of  power 
over  the  muscles  of  locomotion. 

PRO'TEA  MELIFE'RA.  A  South  African 
plant,  Nat.  Ord.  Proteacese,  whose  involucra 
and  flowers,  at  the  time  of  inflorescence,  are 
^lled  with  a  sweet  watery  liquid,  which  contains 
a  great  deal  of  honey.  By  inspissation  it  forms  a 
delicious  syrup — Syru'pus  Pro'tecB,  wMch  is  much 
used  in  pulmonary  affections. 

Protea  Lepidocarpox,  and  some  othar  Pro- 
tece,  supply  the  same  kind  of  juice. 

PRO'TEAIf,  Pro'teiform,  Frotei/orm'is,  froiE 
Proteus,  who  could  assume  various  shapes.  As- 
suming different  shapes. 

PROTEIFORMIS,  Protean. 

Proteiform'is  Morbus.  A  disease  which  as- 
sumes various  characters. 

PRO'TEIN,  Protelne,  Protei'na  :  from  irpurEtiw, 
'  I  take  first  rank.'  A  product  of  the  decomposi- 
tion of  albumen,  &e.,  by  potassa.  'When  animal 
albumen,  fibrin  or  casein  is  dissolved  in  a  mode- 
rately strong  solution  of  caustic  potassa,  and  the 
solution  is  exposed  for  some  time  to  a  high  tem- 
perature, these  substances  are  decomposed.  The 
addition  of  acetic  acid  causes,  in  all  three,  the 
separation  of  a  gelatinous  translucent  precipitate 
which  has  exactly  the  same  characters  and  com- 
position.    This  is  protein.  —  Mulder. 

Protein  is  the  basis  of  animal  and  vegetable 
fibrin,  albumen,  and  casein,  and  of  gluten,  which 
have  been,  consequently,  classed  under  the  ''  pro- 
teinaceous  alimentary  principle,"  by  Dr.  Pereira. 

PROTEINACEOUS,  Proteinous. 

PRO'TEINOUS,  Proteina'ceous,  Proteino'sus, 
(F.)  Proteiqne.  Of,  or  belonging  to  protein ;  — 
as.  "  a  proteinous  alimentary  principle." 

PROTEIQUE,  Proteinous. 

PROTENSIONES  GLANDULARES,  Mam- 
millarv  eminences. 

PROTH'ESIS,  Pros'thesis,  Adjunc'fio,  Adjec'- 
tio,  App'if!i"tio,  '  addition,  application  ;'  from  vpog, 
'in  addition  to,'  and  Ti}rii_it,  'I  put.'  That  part 
of  surgery  whose  object  is  to  add  to  the  human 
body  some  artificial  part,  in  place  of  one  that  may 
be  wanting,  as  a  wooden  leg,  an  artificial  eye,  &o. 

PROTMESrS,  Umbilicus,  Kidney. 

PROTOGALA,  Colostrum. 

PROTOIATROS,  Arehiater. 

PROTOMEDICUS,  Arehiater. 

PROTOMUS,  Dissector. 

PROTOPATHIA,  Idiopathia. 

PRO'TOPHYTE,  ProtojyJi'yton,  from  Tzpiorog, 
'first,'  and  <1>vtov,  'a  plant.'  A  vegetable  produc- 
tion at  the  foot  of  the  scale;  as  a  cryptogamous 
plant,  —  a  fungus. 

PROTOSPOROS,  Os  uteri. 

PROTOZO'ON,  from  nptoTog,  'first,'  and  ^i^ov, 
'  an  animal.'  An  animal  low  in  the  scale ;  —  a-s  a 
monad. 

PROTRUSION,  Prolapsus. 

PROTU'BERANCE,  Protuheran'tia,  Extuhe- 
ra'tio,  Promiiien'tia,  Ejccreseen'tia,  Extuheran'tia, 
from  pro,  'before,'  and  tuber,  'a  projection.' 
(F.)  Bosw.  A  name  given  to  rough,  unequal 
protuberances,  seen  at  the  surface  of  certain  or- 
gans ;  the  parietal  protuberances,  occipital  pro- 
tuherancen,  annular  protuberances,  Ac. 

Protuberance,  Annular,  Pons  Varolii  —  p. 
Cerebral,  ?.Iedulla  oblongata,  Pons  Varolii — p. 
Cylinrlriiide,  Cornu  ammonis. 

PROTUBERANTIA,  Eminence— p.  Annularis 
Willisii,  Pons  Varolii  —  p.  Cylindrica,  Cornu 
amrannis. 

PROTRUSOR,  Detrusor  urinae. 

PROULIMATE'SIS.  A  word  employed  by 
Fore?tus  for  hernia  of  the  stomach. 

PROUNE;  PruHMs  domestica. 


PROVENTRIC'ULUS,  Bullus  glandulo' sun, 
Infiindibu'lum,  Second  stomach;  from  npo,  'be- 
fore,' and  ventriculus,  'the  stomach.'  A  bulbous 
expansion  at  the  termination  of  the  oesophagus, 
immediately  above  the  gizzard  of  birds,  tlie  walla 
of  which  are  thickly  studded  with  a  layer  of 
glands  or  follicles  which  secrete  a  digestive  fluid. 

PROVERBS,  MED'ICAL.  A  proverbial  ex- 
pression frequently  contains  sound  sense  in  its 
directions.  In  medicine,  the  greatest  collection 
is  in  the  Regimen  of  Health  of  the  School  of  Sa-. 
lernvm,  composed  in  the  11th  century,  by  John 
of  Milan.  Yet,  although  good  sense  is  often  in- 
culcated, we  frequently  meet  with  the  reverse. 

Most  of  the  proverbs  are  hygienic.  The  fo?  • 
lowing  are  a  few. 

1.  Qu'  apres  la  soupe  f  n  er'upe  d'excelle'^t  "i^ 
Tire  tin  ecu  ds  la  poche  du  medecin. 

2.  Surge  quiJitd,  prande  nc^d,  ■'oepa  quintS  do^ruA 

nond,  nee  est  morti  vitu  prona. 

3.  Kunquam   recte    corpus    exerceH    ""iVj^     x»%  k*- 

neque  animum  sine  corpora poise. 

4.  Viande  lien  machee  est  a  demi  dig&ree. 

5.  Optimum  condimentum  fames. 
Appetite  is  the  best  sauce. 

6.  Plures  occidit  gula  quam  gladius. 

7.  Early  to  bed  and  early  to  rise, 

Makes  a  man  healthy,  wealthy,  and  wi?e. 

8.  One  man's  meat's  another  man's  poison. 

9.  An  ounce  of  prevention  is  better  than  apoun^ 

of  cure. 

PROVERSIO,  Anteversion. 

PROVINS,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Cha- 
lybeate springs  in  the  department  of  Seine  el 
Marne,  France,  which  contain  carbonic  acid  and 
iron. 

PROVOCATORIUS,  Intercalary. 

PROX'IMAD,  see  Proximal  aspect. 

Prox'imal,  from  proximus,  'next.'  Proxi- 
mate; nearest;  next. 

Prgximal  Aspect.  An  aspect  towards  the 
trunk,  in  the  course  of  an  extremity.  —  Barclay. 
Proximad  is  used  by  the  same  writer  adverbially 
to  signifv  'towards  the  trunk.' 

PRUNA,  Anthrax. 

PRUNE,  Prunum. 

Prone  Juice  Expectora'tion  or  Sputa.  The 
sputa  resembling  prune  juice,  which  occur  in  the 
third  or  purulent  stage  of  pneumonia. 

PRUNELLA,  Angina  pectoris,  AphthiB,  Cy- 
nanche.  Pupil. 

Prunel'la,  p.  vulga'ris  seu  officitm'lis,  Bru- 
nel'la,  Consol' ida  minor,  Sym'phytum  minus.  Self- 
heal,  Heal-all,  Bugle,  (F.)  Prnnelle,  Brunelle ;~ 
Family,  Labiate.  Sex.  Syet.  Didyuamia  Gyni- 
nospermia.  This  plant  has  been  recommended 
as  an  astringent,  in  hemorrhages  and  fluxes;  and. 
also,  in  gargles  against  aphthEe,  and  in  inflam- 
mation of  the  fauces. 

PRUNELLA  SAL,  Potassae  nitras  fusus  sul 
phatis  paiTcillo  mixtus. 

PRUNELLE,  Prunella,  Pupil. 

PRUNELLIER,  Prunus  spinosa. 

PRUNELLOE,  Prunum  Brignolense. 

PRUNEOLA  SYLVESTRIS,  Prunus  spinos.-v. 

PRUNES,  see  Prunum  — p.  Pulp  of,  Pruni 
Pulpa. 

PRUNI  PULPA,  Pulp  of  prunes.  Take  of 
prunes  a  sufiicient  quantity,  soften  them  in  (he 
vapour  of  boiling  water,  and  having  separated 
the  stones,  beat  the  remainder  in  a  marble  mortar 
and  press  through  a  hair-sieve.  —  Ph.  U.  S. 

PRUNIER,  Prunus  domestica — p.  Sauvage, 
Prunus  spinosa. 

PRUNUM.     A  Phim,  i  Prune.     Three  sorts 


PRUNUS 


'20 


PSELLISMUS 


of  plums  have  been  usually  ranked  amongst  the 
articles  of  the  materia  medica.  1.  The  Frunum 
Brignolen'se ;  the  Brignole  plum  or  Prunel'loe ; 
from  Brignole  in  Provence.  It  is  of  a  reddish- 
yellow  colour;  and  has  a  very  grateful,  sweet, 
subacid  taste.  2.  The  Pruniim  Gal'licum,  Pru- 
fuim  (Ph.  U.  S.),  the  French  Prune;  and  3.  The 
Prunum  Damasce'num  or  Damson,  BraVylon. 
All  these  possess  the  same  general  qualities  as 
the  other  summer  fruits.  They  are  emollient  and 
laxative, 

Prunum  Stellatum,  Averrhoa  carambola. 
PRUNUS  ACACIA,  Prunus  padus. 
Prunus  Armeniaca,  Armeni'aca  vulga'ris  sen 
epiroti'ca.  The  A'j^ricot,  Apricock,  Bericoc'ce, 
pipiKuKKrj,  Prcecoc'ia,  (F.)  Abricot.  Famili/,  Rosa- 
cese.  <Se.-r.  Syst.  Icosandria  Monogynia.  The 
apricot,  Melum  Armeniacum,  when  ripe,  is  easily 
digested,  and  considered  as  a  great  delicacy. 

Prunus  A'vium,  P.  cer'asus  seu  sylcent'ria  seu 
mncropliyl'la,  Black  Cherry  Tree,  Cer'asus  A'vi- 
vm  seu  nigra  seu  dulcis,  (F.)  Merisier.  The 
fruit  is  eaten ;  and  a  gum  exudes  from  the  tree, 
tlie  properties  of  which  are  similar  to  those  of  gum 
Arabic. 

Prunus  Capulin,  (S.)  CapuUes,  grows  in  the 
open  fields  of  Peru ;  and  is  cultivated  in  gardens  in 
the  towns.  The  fruit  is  acid,  and  not  often  eaten: 
hat  on  account  of  its  agreeable  odour  it  is  used  in 
making  PitcAerog  de  flores ;  or  with  odoriferous 
flowers  to  perfume  linen.  ■ —  Tschudi. 

Prunus  Cer'asus,  Cfer'asMs  ae"icZa  seu  horten'- 
»''s  seu  vulga'ris  seu  rubra.  The  Bed  Cherry 
Tree;  (F.)  Cerisier.  The  fruit  Cer'asum,  Cera'- 
sion,  has  a  pleasant,  acidulous  sweet  flavour.  It 
is  wholesome.     See  Prunus  avium. 

Prunus  Domes'tica.  The  Plum  or  Bami>on 
tree,  Coccyme'lea,  Proline,  (F.)  Prunier  ordinaire. 
The  damson,  when  perfectly  ripe,  affords  a  whole- 
Bome  fruit  for  pies,  tarts,  &c.  It  is  gently  laxa- 
tive.    See  Prunum. 

Prunus  Hortensis,  P.  cerasus. 
Prunus    Insi'tia.     The   Bullaee   Plum    Tree. 
The  fruit  of  this  tree  is  used  like  the  damson. 

Prunus  Lauro-Cer'asus,  Cer'asus  lauro-cera- 
sua,  Padus  lauro-cerasus.  Poison  Laurel,  Cherry 
Laurel,  Common  Laurel,  Lauro-eer'asus,  (F.)  Lau- 
rier-cerise,  L.  amandier.  The  leaves  have  a  bit- 
ter, styptic  taste,  with  the  flavour  of  bitter  al- 
monds. The  flowers  have  a  similar  flavour.  The 
powdered  leaves,  applied  to  the  nostrils,  excite 
sneezing.  The  flavour  of  the  leaves  has  given 
occasion  to  their  being  emploj'ed  in  tarts,  cus- 
tards, &c. ;  but  in  large  quantities  they  are  poi- 
sonous. The  poisonous  principle  is  the  prussic 
acid.  The  distilled  water,  called  Laurel-water, 
is  poisonous.  (See  Poisons,  Table  of.) 
Prunus  Macrophylla,  P.  avium. 
Prunus  Padus,  Padus,  P.  a'vium,  Cer'asus 
Padus,  Cer'asus  racemo'sus  sylres'tris.  Wild  clus- 
ter or  Bird  Cherry  Tree,  (F.)  Cerisier  d  grnppes, 
Bois  puant.  The  bark  of  the  tree  has  a  fragrant 
smell,  and  a  bitter  sub-Lstringent  taste,  somewhat 
similar  to  that  of  bitter  almonds.  It  has  been 
recommended  in  intermittents,  <tc.  in  the  form  of 
decoction.  The  berries  have  been  used  in  dysen- 
•■•ery. 

Prunus  Sebistina,  Sebastina. 
Prunus  Spino'sa.     The  Sloe  Tree,  P.  sylves'- 
tris  seu  Aca'cia,  Agriococeime'lea,  Agru'na,  Ar/ru- 
ve'la,    (P.;    Prunellier,    Prunier   saurage.     The 
fruit — the  sloe- — -is  sometimes  employed  in  gargles, 
and   was   formerly  much  used   in  hemorrhage, 
owing  to  its  astringent  properties.     The  Aca'cia 
nostras  seu  German'ica  seu  vulga'ris,   Prune'ola 
tnlves'tris,   Succus  acacicB   nostrrt'tis,    S.  AcacicB 
UermaniccB  inspissa'tus  is  obtained  from  this. 
Prunus  Stlvestris,  P.  Avium,  P.  Spinosa. 
Prunus   Virgi.via'na.    Ctr'asue  sero'lina,    C. 


Virginia' na.  Wild  Cherry  Tree,  (F.)  Cerisier  de 
Virginie.  The  bark  of  this  tree  has  been  found 
useful  in  intermittents.  The  leaves  are  poisonous 
to  certain  animals,  and  the  berries  intoxicate  dif- 
ferent kinds  of  birds.  The  Indians  use  the  bark 
in  the  cure  of  syphilis.  It  is  bitter  and  astrin- 
gent, and  possesses  some  aromatic  warmth,  and, 
likewise,  a  narcotic  quality.  It  is  stimulant  and 
tonic.  The  leaves  contain  prussic  acid.  The 
distilled  oil  of  the  bark  is  very  nearly  identical 
with  that  of  the  bitter  almond.  A  strong  decoc- 
tion of  the  bark  is  anthelmintic. 
Prunus  Vulgaris,  P.  Padus. 
PRURIG"INOUS,  Prurigino'sus;  same  ety- 
mon as  the  next.  Relating,  or  belonging  to,  or 
resembling  prurigo. 

PRURI'GO,  Pruri'tus,  Chris'ma ;  froTO  prurin, 
'  I  itch.'  The  word  is  often  used  synonymously 
with  itching.  Willan  and  Bateman  use  the  terui 
for  a  genus  of  cutaneous  diseases,  the  character- 
istic symptoms  of  which  are  a  severe  itching 
accompanied  by  an  eruption  of  papulfe  of  nearly 
the  same  colour  as  the  adjoining  cuticle  ;  Cnesmox. 
Scabies  papuliform'is,  Exor'mia  pruri'go.  It 
affects  the  whole  surface  of  the  skin,  under  three 
varieties  of  form  ;  —  the  P.  mitis,  P.  formi'cans, 
P.  seni'lis,  &c.  as  well  as  some  parts  of  the  body, 
as  the  P.  jiod'icis,  and  P.puderi'di  mulie'bris  seu 
Puden'dagra  2)ru'riens. 

Prurigo,  Heat — p.  Pedicularis,  Phtheiriasis. 

PBUBIT,  Itching. 

PRURITUS,  Gargle,  Itching,  Prurigo. 

PRUSSIAN  BLUE,  Ferrum  Zpot'icum,  F.  Bo- 
rus'sicum,  F.  Cyanogena'tum,  F.  oxydida'tum  hy- 
drocyan'icum,  Ferri  Ferrocy'anas,  F.  Ferrocya- 
nure'tum,  Borus'sias  Ferri,  Caru'leum  Borus'si- 
cum,  G.  Berolinen'se,  Prussias  Ferri,  Ilydrocy'- 
anas  Ferri,  Ferri  Cyanure'tum,  Ferri  pereyon'i- 
dum,  Trito-hydro-ferrocy'anate  of  iron,  Ferrocy- 
anuret  of  iron,  Ferro-prus'siote  of  iron,  (F.)  Btett 
de  Prusse.  In  the  Pharmacopceia  of  the  United 
States,  the  pure  salt — Ferri  ferrocyanuretum — is 
directed  to  be  made  as  follows  :  Ferri  Sulph.^iv, 
acid  sulph.  f^iiiss,  acid  nitric,  f^vj  or  q.  s..  po- 
tassii  ferrocyanuret.  ,^ivss,  aquce,  Oij.  Dissolve 
the  sulphate  in  a  pint  of  water,  and  having  add- 
ed the  sulphuric  acid,  boil  the  solution.  Pour 
into  it  the  nitric  acid,  in  small  portions,  boiling 
the  liquid  for  a  minute  or  two  after  each  addi- 
tion, until  it  no  longer  produces  a  dark  colour: 
then  allow  the  liquid  to  cool.  Dissolve  the  ferro- 
cyanuret of  potassium  in  the  remainder  of  the 
water,  and  add  this  solution  gradually  to  the  first 
liquid,  agitating  the  mixture  after  each  addition; 
then  pour  it  upon  a  filter.  Wash  the  precipitate 
with  boiling  water  until  the  washings  pass  taste- 
less. Lastlj',  dry  and  rub  into  powder.  This 
salt  is  chiefly  used  in  the  preparation  of  the  hy- 
drocyanic acid  and  the  cyanuret  of  mercury.  It 
has  been  advised  in  the  treatment  of  intermit- 
tents, and  in  epilepsy  and  scrophulosis.  Exter- 
nally, it  has  been  applied  to  ill-conditioned  ulcers. 
(Zi  to  ^j,  of  cerate.)     Dose,  four  to  six  grains. 

PSALIDIUM,  Fornix. 

PSALIS,  Fornix.  Scissors. 

PSALTERIUM,  Lvra. 

PSAMMA,  see  Gravel. 

PSAMMIS'MUS,  Ammis'mns,  Gnmmis'mus, 
from  ^a/i/iof,  '  sand.'  Arena'tin.  The  application 
of  sand  to  any  part  of  the  body  for  the  cure  of 
disease.  —  Paulus. 

PSAMMODES,  Sabulous, 

PSAMMUS.  see  Gravel. 

PSELLIS'MUS,  i^£>Xi£r/,of,  from  t/.£X>i^w,  'I 
stutter.'  Imperfect  or  depraved  state  of  the  arti- 
culation. A  genus  in  the  class  Pnciimatica,  order 
Phonica,  of  Good. 

PsEi.LisMus  Nasitas,  Rbinophonia  —  p.  Rho- 
tacismus,  Rotacism. 


PSELOTES 


721 


PSOITIS 


P3ELL0TES,  Balbuties. 

PSETJDACACIA  ODORATA,  Robinia  pseu- 
dacaeia. 

PS'E'DBAC'O'E,  Pseudacoi'a, Pseudecoi'a,frova. 
ipeviris,  'false,' and  a/coi?,  ' audition.'  Paeudacu'sis. 
Palse  hearing. 

PSEUDACORUS,  Iris  pseudacorus. 

PSEUDvESTHE'SIA,  Sensus  perver'sus,  from 
4'evSrj?i  'false,'  and  aiaS^avoiiai,  'I  feel.'  Parapsia 
illnno'ria,  Pseudo'phe,  Paeudaph'ia.  Depraved 
feeling.  Imaginary  sense  of  touch  or  general' 
feeling  in  organs  that  have  no  existence.  Com- 
laon  to  those  who  have  suffered  amputation ;  and 
in  hypochondriacs  and  the  insane. 

PSEUD ALEI  MORBI,  Feigned  diseases. 

PSEUDANGUSTURINUM,  Brucine. 

PSEUDAPHE,  Pseudassthesia, 

PSEUDARTHRO'SIS,  Psendarticula'tio, 
Psexidartic'ulua,  Articula'tio  notha  seu  artificia'- 
lis,  from  xliEvhn,  'false,'  and  apSpov,  'a  joint.'  A 
false  joint  or  articulation. 

PSEUDARTICULATIO,  Pseudarthrosis. 

PSETJDECOIA,  Pseudacoe.  ' 

PSEUDENCEPH'ALUS,  Paraceph'alua,  from 
xlivSris,  ' false,'  and  cyKtrftaXov,  ' the  encephalon.' 
A  monster,  whose  cranium  is  open  in  its  whole 
extent,  from  befoi-e  to  behind,  its  base  supporting 
a  vascular  tumour. —  G.  St.  Ililaire. 

PSEUDO,  False  — p.  Asthma,  Dyspnoea. 

PSEUDOBLEP'SIA,  Pseudoblepsia,  Paeudo- 
rn'sia,  Suffu'aio  oc'uli,  from  il'cvirjs,  'false,'  and 
fiXcxpiff  '  sight.'  Paeudops'ia,  Parop'aia  illuso'ria, 
Suffn'sio,  Phantaa'ma,  False  ahjht.  A  generic 
name,,  used  by  Cullen  for  perversion  of  vision. 
See  Metamorphopsia. 

PSEUD OBLEPSIS,  Paropsis. 

PSEUDOCARCDSrOMA  LABII,  Cancer  aqua- 
tieus. 

PSEUDOCROUP,  Asthma  thymicum. 

PSEUDOCYESIS,  Pregnancy,  false— p.  Cye- 
sis  molaris,  Mole. 

PSEUDOENCEPHALITIS,  Hydrencephaloid 
disease. 

PSEUDO-FEVER,  Irritation,  morbid. 

PSEUDOGEU'SIA,  Paeudogen'sia,  Paendo- 
gfvs'tia,  from  i^£U(5?;s,  'false,'  and  ytucis,  ^ taste.' 
HnUnciiia'tio  cptstDa.     False  taste. 

PSEUDOGEUSTIA,  Pseudogeusia. 

PSEUDOHELMINTHES,  Ectozoa. 

PSEUDOLI'EjN",  Paevdoaplen.  Glands  situate 
in  the  neighbom-hood  of  the  spleen ;  probably, 
lymphatic  glands. 

*  PSEUDOMECHOACANA.  Convolvulus  pan- 
duratus. 

PSEUDOMEDICUS,  Charlatan. 

PSEUDOMELANOTIC  FORMATIONS,  see 
Anthracosis — p.  3Iemhrane,  Membrane,  false. 

PsEUDOMELANOTic  Menixx,  Membrane,  false — 
p.  Metamorphosis  polyposa.  Polypus. 

PSEUDOMEMBRANA,  Membrane,  false. 

PSEUDONARCISSUS,  Narcissus  pseudonar- 
cissus. 

PSEUDOPERIPNEUMONIA,Peripneumonia 
notha. 

PSEUDOPHLOGOSIS  VENTRICULI  RE- 
SOLUTIVA  ET  COLLIQUATIVA,  Gastroma- 
lacia. 

_  PSEUDOPHTHI'SIS.  False  phthisis.  Ema- 
ciation occasioned  by  other  cause  than  organic 
lesion  of  the  lungs. 

PSEUDOPLAS'MATA,  from  4,cvhvi,  'false,' 
and  TT^aaao),  '  I  form.'  A  term  applied  to  malig- 
nant heterologous  tumours.  —  Vogel. 

PSEUDOPLEURITIS,  Pleurodynia— p.  Po- 
4.Q 


lypi,  see  Polypi  —  p.  Pyretbrum,  Achillea  ptar- 
mica  —  p.  Spleen,  Pseudolien. 

PSEUDOPNEUMONIA,  Peripneumonia  no- 
tha. 

PSEUDOPNEUMONITIS,  Peripneumonia  no- 
tha. 

PSEUDOPSIA,  Pseudoblepsia. 

PSEUDORASIS,  Pseudoblepsia. 

PSEUDOREX'IA,  Paeudorex'ia,  from  ^tv^rn, 
'false,'  and  ope^i;,  'appetite.'     False  appetite. 

PSEUDO-RHONCHUS,  from  -^svi,,?,  'false,' 
and  poyxo;,  '  rattle.'  A  sound  heard  during  re- 
spiration, which  appears  to  be  produced,  like  the 
ordinary  rhonehi,  in  the  air-tubes,  but  is  exterior 
to  them — as  in  the  case  of  pleural  2Jacudorhoiichi. 
See  Rattle,  and  Rale. 

PSEUDOS'MIA,  PseudoapTire'aia,  Paevdoa- 
phre'aia,  irova  x^tuhrj?,  'false,'  and  oafii?,  'smell.' 
False  sense  of  smell. 

PSEUDOPHRESIA,  Pseudosmia. 

PSEUDOSYPHILIS,  Syphilis  pseudosyphilis, 

PSEUDOTHANATOS,  Asphyxia. 

PSEUDOYARIOLiE,  Varicella. 

PSEUDYMEN,  Membrane,  false. 

PSID'IUM  POMIF'ERUM.  The  Aj^ple  Gna. 
va,  Giiava,  Guayava.  This  plant  and  P.  Pyrif- 
ermn  bear  fruits  ;  those  of  the  former  like  apples, 
—  of  the  latter  like  pears.  The  apple  kind  has 
an  acid  flavour,  the  other  is  sweet.  Of  the  inner 
pulp  of  either,  the  natives  of  the  Indies  make 
jellies  ;  and,  of  the  outer  rind,  tarts,  marmalades, 
&c.  They  are  somewhat  astringent;  this  qua- 
litj',  indeed,  exists  in  every  part  of  the  tree,  and 
abundantly  in  the  leaf-buds,  which  are  occasion- 
ally boiled  with  barley  and  liquorice  as  an  excel- 
lent drink  in  diarrhoea.  A  simple  decoction  of 
the  leaves  is  said  to  be  useful  in  the  itch,  and 
most  cutaneous  eruptions. 

PSILOSIS,  Depilation. 

PSILOTHRUM,  Bryonia  alba.  Depilatory. 

PSIMMYTHON,  Plumbi  subcarbonas. 

PSOA,  Dysodia. 

PSOJil,  PaoicB,  Psym,  Lumhi,  'the  loins,'  Alop'- 
ecea,  Nephroma' tr as,  Neivrome' trea.  The  psoSB 
muscles. 

PSOAS  MAGNUS,  Psoas  seu  himha'ria  inter'- 
nns,  Pre-Iombo-trochantin,  Pre-lombo-trochnn^ 
tiiiien  (Ch.),  Femur  moven'tium  sexfiis.  A  mus- 
cle, seated  on  the  lateral  parts  of  the  lumbar  por- 
tion of  the  vertebral  column ;  and  passing  down 
to  the  superior  and  anterior  part  of  the  thigh.  It 
is  long,  fusiform,  and  attached,  above,  to  the 
body  and  transverse  processes  of  the  first  four 
lumbar  vertebra;,  and  last  dorsal.  Below,  it  ter- 
minates, by  a  very  thick  tendon,  common  to  it 
and  the  iliacus  muscle,  —  which  is  inserted  into 
the  top  of  the  lesser  trochanter.  This  musel* 
bends  the  thigh  upon  the  pelvis,  and  carries  it  iu 
rotation  outwards.  It  may,  also,  bend  the  pelvis 
on  the  thigh,  and  the  loins  on  the  pelvis.  It  acts 
considerably  in  station  and  progression. 

Psoas  Parvus,  Pre-lombo-pubien,  (Ch.)  A 
muscle  situate  anteriorly  to  the  last.  It  is  long, 
thin,  flat,  and  narrow ;  and  is  attached,  above,  to 
the  body  of  the  last  dorsal  vertebra,  and  below, 
to  the  linea  ileo-pectinea,  by  means  of  a  slender 
tendon,  which  furnishes  two  expansions — one  to 
the  Iliac  aponeuroais,  and  the  other  to  the  pelvis. 
This  muscle  bends  the  vertebral  column  on  tha 
pelvis;  and,  reciprocally,  the  pelvis  on  the  ver- 
tebral column. 

PSODYMUS,  Gastrodidymus. 

PSOI^,  PsoEe. 

PSOJTE,  Psoitis. 

PSOi'TIS,  Inflamma'tio  mua'ctdi  Paoas,  Lm*. 
ia'go  inflammato'ria  apaamod'ica,  (F.)  Pio'iie,  /i»» 


PSOLE 


722 


PSYLLIUM 


Jfammation  du  muscle  Psoas.  From  t^.oai,  'the 
loins,'  and  itis,  denoting  inflammation.  Inflam- 
mation of  the  psoas  muscles  and  of  the  parts 
situate  before  the  lumbar  vertebrae  :  accompanied, 
from  its  commencement,  by  considerable  fever, 
Tiolent  pains  in  the  part  afi"ected  and  in  the  thigh 
of  the  same  side,  which  remains  commonly  half 
bent.  Psoitis  may  terminate  by  suppuration,  and 
form  lumbar  abscess. 

PSOLE,  -^taSri,  'the  male  organ.'  Also,  the 
gllans  when  uncovered. 

PSOLON,  Membrosus. 

PSOLON'CUS,  from  \l,w\r),  and  oyKo^,  'a  tu- 
mour.' Swelling  of  the  glans,  or  of  the  penis 
generally. 

PSOLUS,  from  \' uX??.  One  who  has  the  glans 
nncovered.     One  who  has  been  circumcised. 

PSOPHOMETER,  Stethoscope. 

PSOPHOS,  ipo(po;,  'a  noise.'  A  loud  noise;  a 
hollow  sound. 

PSORA,  from  <P(oo),  'I  touch,  I  feel.'  Sca'Mes, 
PMyais  Scabies,  Eepye'sis  Scabies,  Scabiola,  Itch, 
Scratch,  Scotch  fiddle,  (F.)  Gale,  Mai  Saint-Main, 
liogne.  A  contagious  eruption  of  very  minute 
pimples — pustular,  vesicular,  papular,  intermixed, 
and  alternating,  itching  intolerably  and  termina- 
ting in  scabs.  It  seems  to  be  connected  with  an 
insect  of  the  genus  Acarus ;  —  the  Ac'arus  s«u 
Sarcop'tes  seu  Sarcop'tus  sen  Phthi'ritim  seu  Chey- 
le'tus  Scabiei,  Ac'arus  Ciro,  Itch-insect,  (F.)  Ciron. 
The  itch  occupies,  particularly,  the  spaces  between 
the  fingers,  the  back  of  the  hands,  wrists,  elbows, 
axillas,  groins,  hams,  <fec.,  and  rarely  afi"ects  the 
face.  The  best  applications,  for  its  cure,  are,— 
the  Unffuentum  Sulphuris  or  Ung.  Sidph.  comp. 
night  and  morning  ;  hut  the  unpleasant  smell  of 
the  sulphur  has  given  occasion  to  the  use  of  other 
means;  —  as  the  White  Hellebore,  Potass  in  deli- 
quescence. Muriate  of  Ammonia,  Snlphuric  Acid, 
&c.  The  repugnance  to  the  smell  of  sulphur 
ought  not,  however,  to  be  regarded ;  especially 
as,  in  the  course  of  four  or  five  days,  it  will,  in 
almost  all  cases,  produce  a  perfect  cure. 

Psora  Agria,  Psoriasis  inveterata — p.  Lepro- 
ga.  Psoriasis  —  p.  Squamosa,  Psoriasis. 

PSORA'LEA  GLANDULO'SA,  Alvaquil'la. 
Family,  Leguminosa?.  Sex.  Syst.  Diadelphia  De- 
candria.     A  shrub,  used  in  Chili  as  a  vulnerary. 

Psora'leA  PentAPHYL'la,  Psora'lia,  Contra- 
yer'va  nova,  Mex'ican  Contrayer'va.  The  root  is 
little,  if  at  all,  inferior  to  the  contrayerva  in  its 
medical  properties ;  which,  by  the  by,  are  unim- 
portant. 

PSORALIA,  Psoralea  pentaphylla. 

PSORENTERIA,  Cholera. 

PSORI'ASIS,  formerly,  the  state  of  being  af- 
fected with  \lu>pa.  Lepido'sis psori'asis,  Serpe'do, 
Serpi'gn,  Impeti'go  (of  some),  Sca'bies  sic'ca,  S. 
feri'na.  Psora  lepro'sa,  P.  gqnamo'sa,  Scaly  Tet- 
ter, Dry  Scale,  Dry  Scall,  (F.)  Dartre  squnmeuse 
licheno'ide,  D.  ecailleuse,  Gratelle,  Gale  miliare, 
G.  canine  ou  scche.  A  cutaneous  aff"ection,  con- 
sisting of  patches  of  rough,  armorphous  scales; 
continuous,  or  of  indeterminate  outline ;  skin 
often  chappy.  Psoriasis  occurs  under  a  consi- 
derable variety  of  forms.  The  surface,  under  the 
*c;iles,  is  more  tender  and  irritable  than  in  lepra,  i 
which  psoriasis,  in  some  respects,  resembles.  Dr.  j 
Willan  has  given  names  to  eleven  varieties  of 
Dsoriasis :  the  chief  of  which  are  the  Psorinnis 
gutta'ta,  P.  diffu'sa  (one  form  of  which  is  the 
Hnher's  Itch  and  Grocer's  Itch,  and  another,  the 
Washerwoman's  Scall),  the  P.  gyra'ta,  and  P. 
tutetera'ta  seu  Psora  a'gria.  The  treatment  of 
pa&riasis  must  be  antiphlogistic,  with  the  internal 
nee  of  the  fixed  alkalies,  sulphur,  &c.     The  irri- 


table kinds  do  better  without  any  local  applies* 
tion.  The  more  local  and  less  inflammatory  are 
ameliorated  by  emollient  and  soothing  applica- 
tions;  or  by  slightly  stimulating  means,  sea- 
bathing, the  Ung.  hydrarg.  nitrico-oxyd.,  Ung. 
oxidi  zinci,  <S;c. 

PSO'RICUS.  That  which  has  the  nature  of 
itch.     A  medicine  for  curing  the  itch. 

PSOROPHTHALMIA,  Ophthalmia  tarsi  — p. 
Neonatorum,  see  Ophthalmia  (purulenta  infan- 
■  tum). 

PSY^,  Psose. 

PSYCHAGOGA,  Psychagogica. 
PSYCHAGO'GICA,  Psychago'ga,  from  ^^.vxv, 
'life,'  'soul,'  and  ayw,  'I  lead.'    Medicines  which 
resuscitate,  when  life  seems  extinct;  as  in  syn- 
cope and  apoplexy. 
PSYCHE,  Anima. 

PSYCHIATRI'A,  from  Mxri,  'mind,'  and 
larptia,  'healing.'  Treatment  of  diseases  of  the 
mind. 

PSY'CHICAL,  Psy'chicns,  from  ipvxv,  'mind.' 
That  which  relates  to  the  mind  or  mental  endow- 
ments. Psychological  is  not  unfrequently  used 
with  the  like  signification. 

PSYCHOLOGICAL,  see  Psychical. 
PSYCHOL'OGY,    Psycholog"ia,    from   ^Ivxv, 
'mind,'  and  ^oyos,  'discourse.'    A  treatise  on  the 
intellectual  and  moral  faculties.     Also,  the  intel- 
lectual and  moral  faculties  or  sphere. 

PSYCHONOSOL'OGY,  Psychonosolog"ia,  from 
4'vX'J>  'mind,'  voaos,  'disease,'  and  Xoyoy,  'a  de- 
scription.'    The  doctrine  of,  or  a  treatise  on,  dis- 
eases of  the  mind. 
PSYCHOPATHIES,  Psychoses. 
PSYCHOR'AGES,    Agoni'zans,    Moribun'dut, 
Mor'ibund,  from  ^'vxv,   'mind,'  and  payjj,   'rup- 
ture.'    Dying.     In    Articulo   Mortis.     3Ioribund 
means,  also,  one  who  is  dying. 
PSYCHORAGIA,  Agony,  Death. 
PSYCHORRHAGIA,  Agony,  Death. 
PSYCHOS,  Cold. 

PSYCHO'SES,  from  'pvxv)  'mind.'  Neuroses 
of  the  intellect.  Diseases  of  the  mind.  Psy- 
chop'athies. 

PSYCHOTICA,  Analeptica. 
PSYCnOTRIA,  Analeptica— p.  Emetica,  Ipe- 
cacuanha. 

PSYCHOTROPHUM,  Betoniea  officinalis. 
PSYCHROLU'SIA,  Psychrolu'tron,  from  x^v- 
Xpo?'  'cold,'  and  Xovoi,  'I  wash.'     A  cold  bath. 

PSYCHROPHOB'IA,  from  ■^vxpo';,  'cold,'  and 
(popog,  '  fear.'     Dread  of  cold,  especially  of  cold 
water.     Impressibility  to  cold. 
PSYCHTICA,  Refrigerants. 

PSYDRA'CIA,  quasi,  xpvKpa  'vSpaxia,  'cold 
drops.'  The  ancients  sometimes  used  this  term 
for  piirnples ;  at  others,  for  vesicles.  Willan  ar.d 
Batem.an  define  Psydracium  to  be,  a  small  pus- 
tule, often  irregularly  circumscribed,  producing 
but  a  slight  elevation  of  the  cuticle,  and  ternsi- 
nating  in  a  laminated  scab.  Many  of  the  psy- 
draeia  usually  appear  together,  and  become  con- 
fluent; and,  after  the  discharge  of  pus,  they  ponr 
out  a  thin,  watery  humour;  which  frequently 
forms  an  irregular  incrustation.  Frank  limits 
the  term  to  a  psoriform  eruption,  which  diflcrji 
from  itch  in  not  originating  from  an  insect,  and 
is  not  eontngious;  —  perhiips  the  lichen.  Ah 
thors  have  differed  regarding  its  acceptation. 
PsvDUAciA  Acne,  Acne. 
PSYLLIUM,  Plantago  psyllium — p.  Erectnm, 
Plantago  psyllium. 


PTARMICA 


723 


PTERYGOID 


PTARMICA,  Achillea  ptarmica — p.  Montana, 
Arnica  montana. 

PTARMICUM,  Errhine,  Sternutatory. 

PTARMOS,  Sneezing. 

PTELEA,  Ulmus. 

PTERIS,  Polypodium  filix  mas. 

Pteris  Aquili'na,  'Eaghs'  Wings,'  so  called 
from  its  leaves.  Pter'ia,  Thehjp'teris,  Filix  Nym- 
pkm'a  seu  fe'mina,  Asple'nium  aquili'mim,  Com- 
mon Brake  or  Female  Fern;  Eagle  Fern,  Bracken, 
(F.)  Fougere  femelle,  La  grande  Fougere.  Nat. 
Ord.  Filices.  The  root  is  considered  to  be  an- 
thelmintic ;  and  as  efficacious  as  that  of  the  male 
fern  in  cases  of  tapeworm. 

Pteris  Palustris,  Asplenium  filix  foemina. 

PTERNA,  Caleaneum. 

PTERXIUM,  Caleaneum. 

PTERNOBATES,  Galcigradus. 

PTEROCARPUS  ERINACEA,  see  Kino— p. 
Marsupium,  see  Kino — p.  Sandalinus,  P.  Santa- 
linus. 

Pterocar'pus  Santali'nus,  p.  SandaU'nus, 
San'talum,  seu  San'dalum  Rubrum,  Bed  Sanders 
or  Saunders  Tree,  (F.)  Santal  rouge.  Famihj, 
Leguminosffi.  Sex.  Syst.  Diadelphia  Deeandria. 
Red  Saunders  wood,  San'talum  (Ph.  U.  S.,)  Lig- 
num sandali'num  is  used  only  as  a  colouring  mat- 
ter :  it  gives  to  rectified  spirit  a  fine  deep  red. 
The  juice  of  this  tree,  like  that  of  P.  Draco,  af- 
fords a  species  of  Dragon's  Blood. 

PTEROS'PORA  ANDROMEDEA,  Scaly  Dra- 
gon claio,  Dragon  root,  Fever  root,  Albany  beecli- 
d'rop.  An  indigenous  plant,  Nat.  Ord.  Mono- 
tropeas,  Sex.  Syst.  Deeandria  Monogynia : — found 
in  the  state  of  New  York,  which  blossoms  in  July. 
The  root  has  been  regarded  as  an  anthelmintic, 
diuretic,  eramenagogue,  &c. :  but  it  is  not  used. 

PTERYG'ION,  Pteryg'ium,  Ala,  from  Trrcpnf, 
*a  wing.'  A  small  wing.  Onyx,  Pyo'sis,  Unguis, 
(P.)  Drapeau,  Onglet.  A  varicose  excrescence 
of  the  conjunctiva,  of  a  triangular  shape,  and 
commonly  occurring  at  the  inner  angle  of  the 
eye;  whence  it  extends  over  the  cornea.  Some- 
times two  or  three  pterygia  occur  on  the  same 
eye,  and  cover  the  whole  cornea  with  a  thick 
veil,  which  totally  prevents  vision.  According  to 
Scarpa,  the  ancients  gave  the  name  Pannic'ulus 
to  this  last  complication.  If  the  pterygion  can- 
not be  dispelled  by  means  of  discutient  collyria, 
it  must  be  removed  by  the  scissors. 

PTERYGIUM,  Pterygion,  Scapula— p.  Digiti, 
Paronychia — p.  Lardaceum,  Pinguecula — p.  JPin- 
gue,  Pinguecula. 

PTERYGO-ANGULI-MAXILLAIRE,  Ptery- 
goideus  internus — p.  Colli-maxillaire,  Pterygoid- 
eus  externus — p.  Maxillaire,  grand,  Pterygoideus 
internus — p.  Maxillaire,  petit,  Pterygoideus  ex- 
ternus— p.  Palatine  canal,  Pterygoid  canal  —  p. 
Pharyngeus,  Constrictor  pharyngis — p.  Staphy- 
linus,  Circumflexus. 

PTER'YG0-PAL'ATINE,P<ej-y-7o-Pa?a(i'««s. 
That  which  belongs  to  the  pterygoid  process  and 
palate. 

Pterygo-Palatine  Artery  or  Superior  pha- 
ryngeal is  a  very  small  artery,  and  is  given  off  by 
the  internal  maxillary  at  the  bottom  of  the  zygo- 
matic fossa:  after  having  passed  through  the 
pterygo-palatine  canal,  it  is  distributed  to  the 
superior  part  of  the  pharj-nx,  the  sphenoid  bone, 
and  the  Eustachian  tube. 

Pterygo-Palatine  Canal.  A  small  canal, 
formed  by  the  internal  ala  of  the  pterygoid  pro- 
cess, and  the  palate  bone.  It  gives  passage  to 
the  vessels  of  the  same  name. 

PTERYGO-STAPHYLINUS  INTERNUS, 
Levator  palati — p.  Syndesmo-staphyli-pTiaryngien, 
Constrictor  pharyngis. 

PTERYGODES,  Alatus, 


PTER'YGOID,  PterygoVdes,  Pterygoideus,  Alt- 
for' mis ;  from  nrcpv^,  "a  wing,'  and  ti&oi,  'form.' 
A  name  given  to  two  processes  at  the  inferior  sur- 
face of  the  sphenoid  bone  ;  the  two  laminae  which 
form  them  having  been  compared  to  wings. 
These  aloe  or  loings  or  processes, — Proces'sus  ali- 
form'es, — have  been  distinguished,  according  to 
their  position,  into  internal  and  external. 

Pterygoid  Artery,  Vid'ian  Artery,  Ram'idus 
DuctOiS  Pterygo'idei,  Arte'ria pharynge'a  supre'ma, 
arises  from  the  internal  maxillary  artery,  at  the 
bottom  of  the  zygomatic  fossa,  and  enters  the 
pterygoid  canal  with  the  nerve  of  tbe  same  name, 
to  proceed  to  be  distributed  on  the  Eustachian 
tube  and  velum  palati.  The  name,  pterygoid 
arteries,  is  likewise  given  to  the  branches,  which 
the  internal  maxillary  and  some  of  its  divisions, 
as  the  meningea  media,  and  posterior  temporalis 
profunda,  furnish  to  the  pterygoid  muscles,  be- 
hind the  neck  of  the  lower  jaw. 

Pterygoid  Bone,  Sphenoid. 

Pterygoid  Canal,  Vid'ian  canal.  Ductus  pte- 
rygo'ideus,  Cana'lis  Vidia'nus,  (F.)  Oondvit  ptery- 
go'idien  ou  Vidien,  Pterygo-p)alatine  canal,  is  a 
narrow  channel,  which  traverses,  in  a  direction 
from  before  to  behind,  the  base  of  the  pterygoid 
process,  and  gives  passage  to  the  pterygoid  nerve. 
The  foramina  of  the  sphenoid,  which  terminate 
the  canals,  have  the  same  epithets  applied  to 
them. 

Pterygoid  Fossa,  Fossa  Pterygo'idea,  (F.) 
Fosse  pterygo'idienne  ou  pterygo'ide,  is  the  de- 
pression which  separates  the  two  laminae  or  alas 
of  the  pterygoid  process. 

Pterygoid  Mus'cles,  Ala'res  mus'culi.  Ali- 
form'es  mus'cuU,  are  two  in  number.  1.  The 
Pterygoideus  externus,  P.  minor,  (F.)  Pterygo- 
colli-maxillaire.  Petit  Pterygo-maxillaire  (Ch.) 
Petit  pterygo'idien,  Pterygo'idien  extenie,  is  a 
thick,  short  muscle,  which  arises,  by  short  apo- 
neuroses, from  the  outer  surface  of  the  external 
ala  of  the  pterygoid  process,  and  from  the  outer 
surface  of  the  great  ala  of  the  sphenoid  bone : 
and  is  inserted  at  the  anterior  part  of  the  neck 
of  the  lower  jaw-bone,  and  the  corresponding  part 
of  the  inter-articular  fibro-cartilage.  This  muscle 
draws  the  condyle  of  the  lower  jaw  and  the  inter- 
articular  ligament  forwards.  It  carries  the  chin 
forwards,  and  to  the  opposite  side.  If  the  two 
external  pterygoids  act  together,  the  jaw  is  car- 
ried directly  forwards.  2.  The  Pterygoideus  in- 
ternus, P.  major,  Masse'ter  intern'us,  Latens  in. 
Ore,  (F.)  Grand  Pterygo-maxillaire,  Pterygo- 
anguli-maxillaire,  Grand  Pterygo'idien  ou  Ptery- 
go'idien interne.  A  thick,  quadrilateral  muscle, 
which  is  attached  by  short  and  very  strong  apo- 
neuroses ;  above,  to  the  pterygoid  fossa,  whence 
it  proceeds  downwards,  backwards,  and  outwards, 
to  be  inserted  into  the  inner  surface  of  the  ramus 
of  the  lower  jaw,  near  its  angle.  This  muscle 
raises  the  lower  jaw,  and  carries  it  a  little  for- 
wards.    It  also  performs  the  grinding  motion. 

Pterygoid  Nerves.  These  are  two  in  num- 
ber. I.  The  Pterygoid  or  Vid'ian  Nerve.  It 
arises  from  the  posterior  part  of  the  spheno- 
palatine ganglion  ;  traverses  the  Vidian  canal  of 
the  sphenoid  ;  and,  beyond,  divides  into  two  fila- 
rtients.  1.  A  superior  or  cranial,  Nervus  superji- 
cia'lis  sive  petro'sus,  which  ascends  into  the  cra- 
nium, and  enters  the  hiatus  of  Fallopius  to  unite 
with  the  facial  nerve.  2.  An  inferior  or  carotid, 
Nervus  profundus  sive  ??(cyor,  which  traverses  the 
carotid  canal,  and  unites  with  the  ascending 
branches  of  tie  superior  cervical  ganglion  of  the 
trisplanchnic.  il  The  Pterygoid  Nerve,  pro- 
perly so  called,  Nervus  musculi  pterygo'idei,  is 
given  off  by  the  inferior  maxillary  biaiich  of  tho 
5  th  pair. 


PTERTGOlDlEN 


724 


PUDffilLIA 


PTERYGOTDIEN  GRAND  ov  INTERNE, 
Pterygoideus  intemus — p.  Externe,  Pterygoideus 
extemus — p.  Petit,  Pterygoideus  externus. 

PTERYGO'MA.  Same  etymon.  A  wing;  a 
projecting  or  pendulous  body.  A  swelling  of  the 
vulva,  which  prevents  coition. — M.  A.  Severinus. 

PTERYX,  Ala. 

PTILOSIS,  Deplumatio,  Madarosis. 

PTISAN  A,  Tisane  —  p.  Communis,  Decoctum 
hordei  compositum — p.  Hippocratica,  Decoctum 
hordei. 

PTISSANA,  Tisane. 

PTOCHIA'TER,  Ptochia'irus,  same  etymon  as 
the  next.  A  physician  to  the  poor,  or  to  an  esta- 
blishment for  the  poor. 

PTOCHIATRI'A,  from  vTOixo;,  'poor,'  and 
laTpsta,  '  healing.'  Practice  amongst  the  poor. 
Also,  an  institution  for  the  treatment  of  the  dis- 
eases of  the  poor. 

PTOCHOCOMI'UM,  from  t:tu>xos,  'a  poor  per- 
son,' and  KOfitij},  '  I  take  care  of;'  Ptochodoclii'um, 
Ptochotrophe' um.     An  almshouse.  ' 

PTOCHODOCHIUM,  Ptoehocomium. 

PTOCHOTROPHEUM,  Ptochocominm. 

PTOMA,  Cadaver. 

PTOSIS,  Prolapsus  — p.  Bulbi  oculi,  Exoph- 
thalmia.. 

Ptosis  Ir'idis,  Iridoce'le,  Uer'nia  Ir'idis,  Tri- 
dopto'sis,  Prolap'auB  Iridis,  from  Trraai;,  '  a  fall- 
ing.' A  prolapsus  of  the  iris  through  a  wound 
of  the  cornea.  It  is  known  by  a  blackish  tubercle, 
which  projects  a  little  from  the  cornea  in  various 
forms. 

Ptosis  Palpebk^e,  Blepharoptosis. 

PTYALAGOGUE,  Sialogogue. 

PTYALIN,  see  Saliva. 

PTYALISM,  Salivation. 

PTYALISME 3IERCURIEL,  Salivation, 
mercurial. 

PTYALISMUS,  Salivation— p.  Acutus  melli- 
tus,  see  Salivation — p.  Acutus  sympatheticus,  see 
Salivation — p.  Hydrargyratus,  Salivation,  mercu- 
rial— p.  Iners,  Slavering — p.  Mercnrialis,  Saliva- 
tion, mercurial — p.  Pyrosicus,  Pyrosis. 

PTYALOGOGUE,  Sialogogue. 

PTYALON,  Saliva. 

PTYASMAGOGUE,  Expectorant,  Sialogogue. 

PTYELON,  Saliva,  Sputum. 

PTYSIS,  Exspuition. 

PTYSMA,  Saliva. 

PTYSMAGOGUE,  Sialogogue. 

PTYSMATIS'CHESIS,  Ptyamatoa'chesis,  from 
KTvayia,  'sputum,'  and  lax^i-v,  'to  retain,'  Sup- 
pression of  pulmonary  expectoration. 

PTYSMATOSCHESIS,  Ptysmatischesis. 

PV ANT  EUR,  Dysodia. 

PUBENS,  Ephebus. 

PUBER,  Ephebus. 

PU'BEBAL ;  same  etymon  as  Puberty.  Re- 
lating or  appertaining  to  the  age  of  puberty — as 
'a, puberal  disease.' 

PUBERE,  Ephebus. 

PUBERTAS,  Ephebia. 

PU'BERTY,  Puhertas,  Hele,  Pubes,  Aphro- 
dia'ia,  Ephebi'a,  Ephe'bia,  Ephe'botes,  Ephebo'- 
vi/ne,  Pitbes'cence,  from  pubescere,  'to  begin  to 
have  hair  on  the  chin  and  sexual  organs.'  The 
period  of  life  at  which  young  people  of  both  sexes 
are  pubes'cent  or  nubile.  According  to  the  civil 
law,  puberty  occurs  at  12  years  in  females,  and 
T4  in  males.  The  period  varies  somewhat  in  dif- 
ferent climates,  and  in  different  individuals  of 
the  same  climate. 

PUBES,  Epia'chion,  Epicten'ion,  Cteia,  Pecten; 
the  Pubic  region.  Same  etymon.  The  middle 
pan  of  the  hypogastric  region  ;  so  called,  because 
it  is  covered  with  hair,  in  both   sexes,  at   the 


period  of  puberty.  The  hair  is  also  called  Puhe»_ 
Lanv'go  seu  Pill^  Pudendo'rum  Planta'rium  j 
and,  of  old,  pubertaa  signified  the  same. 

Pdbes,  Puberty. 

PUBESCENCE,  Puberty. 

PUBESCENT,  see  Puberty. 

PUBI^US,  Pubic. 

PUBIC,  Pu'bicm,  Pu'bicua,  Pubice'ua,  (F.) 
Pubien.  That  which  belongs  to  or  concerns  the 
pubis. 

Pubic  Arch  or  Arch  of  the  Puh'a,  (P.)  Arcade 
pnbietme.  The  arch  at  the  anterior  part  of  the 
inferior  circumference  of  the  pelvis.  It  is  more 
expanded  in  the  female  than  in  the  male;  to  cor- 
respond with  the  additional  functions  which  she 
has  to  execute. 

Pubic  Aeticula'tiox,  or  Sym'pliyaia  Pubis, 
results  from  the  junction  of  the  ossa  pubis.  The 
medium  of  union  is  cartilage. 

Pubic  Lig'amejtts  arc  two  very  solid,  fibrous 
fasciae,  situate  before  and  beneath  the  symphj'sis 
pubis,  which  they  strengthen.  The  one  is  called 
the  anterior  pubic  ligament  ;  the  other  the  infe- 
rior or  aubpubic. 

Pubic  Region,  Re'gio  Pubis.  The  region  of 
the  pubes. 

PUBIEN,  Pubic. 

PUBIO- COCCYG  IE  N- ANNUL  AIRE, 
Pubio-coccyge'ua  annida'ria.  Dumas  gave  this 
name  to  the  levator  ani  and  ischio-coccygeus, 
which  he  considers  a  single  muscle. 

PUBIO-COCGYGIEN-ANNULAIRE,  Leva- 
tor Ani — p.  Femoral,  Pectinalis — p.  Femoralis, 
Adductor  longus  femoris — p.  Ombilical,  Pyra- 
midalis  abdominis  —  p.  Prostaticus,  Compressor 
prostatas — p.  Sova-omhilical,  Pyramidalis  abdo- 
minis— p.  Sternal,  Rectus  abdominis — p.  Ure- 
thral, see  Compressor  Urethra?. 

PUBIS,  OS,  Episei'on,  Epiai'on,  Epia'chion, 
Share  Bone,  Bar-bone,  Oa  Pec'tinia.  The  ante- 
rior part  of  the  os  innominatum ;  so  called  be- 
cause it  corresponds  to  the  genital  organs  and 
pubic  region.  The  angle  of  the  pubis  is  formed 
by  the  union  of  the  body  and  rami  of  each  side. 

PUB'LIC^  PARTES.  Those  organs  are  so 
called,  the  object  of  whose  functions  is  the  nutri- 
tion of  all  the  others.  Such  are  the  digestive 
and  respiratory  organs. 

PUCCOON,  Sanguinaria  Canadensis — p.  Red, 
Sanguinaria  Canadensis  —  p.  Yellow,  Hydrastis 
Canadensis. 

PUCE,  Pulex  imtans — p.  3Ialigne,  see  An- 
thrax—  p.  Penetrante,  Ghique. 

PUCELAGE,  Virginity. 

PUCELLE,  Virgin. 

PUDDING-GRASS,  Mentha  puleginm. 

PUDENDA,  Genital  organs. 

Pudenda  Virorum,  Pudibilia. 

PUDEND'AGRA.  A  hybrid  word  ;  from  pu- 
denda, (pudere,  'to  be  ashamed,')  'the  genital 
organs,'  and  the  Greek  aypa,  'a  seizure.'  Accord- 
ing to  some,  this  term  means  pain  in  the  genital 
parts  :  Polor  pudendo'rum,  Men'tulagra,  jEd^ro- 
dyn'ia  ;  according  to  others,  it  is  synonymous 
with  syphilis. 

PuDENDAGRA  Pruriens,  Prurigo  pudendi  mu- 
liebris. 

PUDEN'DAL  HER'NIA.  Hernia,  which  de- 
scends between  the  vagina  and  ramus  ischii,  and 
forms  an  oblong  tumour  in  the  labium;  traceable 
in  the  pelvis,  as  far  as  the  os  uteri. 

PUDENDALIS  LONGUS  INFERIOR,  see 
Sciatic  nerve,  lesser. 

PUDENDUM,  FEMALE,  Vulva— p.  Mulicbre, 
Vulva. 

PUDENDUS,  Pudic. 

PUDIBIL'IA ;  from  j^ndere,  '  to  be  ashamed. 


PUDIO 


725 


PULMONARIA 


Tho  male  genital  organs;  Genita'UaViri,Viril'ia, 
Pensil'ia,  Instrumen'ta,  Puden'da  viro'rum,  Pon- 

PUDIC,  Pudi'cim,  Puden'dus,  (F.)  Honteux. 
Bame  etymon.  That  which  causes  shame.  A 
name  given  to  the  genital  organs  as  well  as  to 
different  other  parts. 

PuDic  Arteries  are  distributed  to  the  organs 
of  generation.  They  are, — 1.  The  internal  I'udic, 
Arterta  Pudi'ca,  A.  jn'-den'da  oommu'nts,  (F.) 
Artere  honteiise  interne,  A.  Soits-jmbieiine  (Ch.), 
Gen'ital  Ar'tery.  It  is  furnished  by  the  hypo- 
gastric, and  divides  into  two  branches ;  the  one 
—  the  inferior  or  'perineal  —  which  gives  off  the 
inferior  hemorrhoidal  and  the  artery  of  the  sep- 
tum ;  and  the  other — the  superior,  (F.)  Ischiope- 
nienne — which  furnishes  the  transverse  perineal 
artery,  and  divides  into  two  branches ;  the  artery 
of  the  corpus  cavernosum,  and  the  dorsalis  penis. 
This  latter,  in  the  female,  has  the  name  Dorsa'lis 
Glitor'idis.  2.  The  external  Pudic  Arteries,  (F.) 
Arteres  scrotales  ou  vuloaires  (Ch.),  A.  honteuses 
externes,  which  are  two  in  number.  The  one  is 
superficial  or  subcutaneous,  and  the  other  deep- 
seated  or  subaponeurotic.  They  are  given  off 
from  the  femoral  artery,  or  some  one  of  its 
branches ;  and  are  distributed  to  the  external 
parts  of  generation. 

Pudic  Nerve,  (F.)  Nerf  honteux,  Nerf  ischio- 
penien  ou  Ischio-clitorien  (Ch.),  is  a  branch  fur- 
nished by  the  sacral  plexus,  which  is  distributed 
to  the  genital  organs ;  and  especially,  to  the  penis 
in  man,  and  the  clitoris  in  the  female. 

PU'ERILE,  Pueri'lis,  from  piier,  'a  child,' 
(F.)  Respiration  puerile,  R.  exagerie,  R.  supple- 
mentaire,  R.  hypervesiculaire.  A  term  applied 
to  the  respiration  when  it  is  heard  loud  through 
the  stethoscope,  as  in  healthy  children. 

PUERILITAS,  Dementia  of  the  aged. 

PUERITIA,  see  Age. 

PUER'PERA,  fiov3. puer,  'a  child,'  axii parere, 
'  to  bring  forth.'  T'okas,  Lochos,  Enix'a,  Lecho, 
a  lying-in  woman,  (F.)  Femme  en  Oouche,  Ac- 
couchee.  A  female  in  child-bed.  One  recently 
delivered. 

PUER'PERAL,  Puerpera' lis  ;  froia  puerpera. 
Relating  to  parturition  and  its  consequences. 

Puerperal  Convulsions,  Eclampsia  gravida- 
rum et  parturientium. 

Puee'peral  Fever.  Any  fever  occurring 
during  the  puerperal  state — Febris  puerpera' rum, 
Lechop'yra,  Lochioccelii'tis,  Lochiop'yra,  Child- 
led  fever.  Most  commonly  restricted  to  a  ma- 
lignant variety  of  peritonitis. 

PUERPERIUM,  Child-bed  state. 

PUERPEROUS,  Parturient. 

PUFF,  VEILED,  see  Cavernous  respiration. 

PUFF-BALL,  Lycoperdon,  Leontodon  taraxa- 
cum. 

PUF'FINESS,  from  (D.)  poffen,  'to  blow:' 
Infia'tio,  Suffia'tio;  Tumefac'tio  mollis,  (F.)  Bouf- 
fissure,  Boursouflure.  A  soft  intumescence,  with- 
out redness,  which  may  be  partial  or  general,  and 
be  produced  by  accumulation  of  serous  fluid,  ex- 
travasation of  blood,  effusion  of  air  into  the  sub- 
cutaneous areolar  tissue,  &c.  Puffiness  is  most 
frequently  seen  in  the  face  and  legs ;  and  some- 
times appears  around  a  wound. 

PUGIL'LUS,  Drax,  Dra'chion,  from  pugnus, 
'the  fist.'  Dragma,  Dragmis,  (F.)  Pineee.  The 
quantity  of  any  substance,  which  may  be  taken 
with  the  end  of  two  or  three  fingers.  The  eighth 
part  of  a  handful. 

PUISSANCE  DU  310 ULE  INTERIEVR, 
Plastic  force. 

PUKE,  Emetic. 

PUKEWEED,  Lobelia  inflata. 

PUKING,  Vomiting,  Regurgitation. 


PULEGIUM,  Mentha  pulegium^ — p.  Cervinum, 
Mentha  cervina. 

PULEX  IRRI'TANS.  The  common  flea,  (F.) 
Puce.  A  parasitic  insect  found  on  the  bodies  of 
man  and  animals. 

PuLEX  Penetrans,  Chiqve. 

PULICARIA  DYSENTERICA,  Inula  dysen- 
terica. 

PULICA'RIS,  Pulicula'ris,  from  pulex,  '  g, 
gnat.'  An  epithet  given  to  cutaneous  eruptions 
resembling  gnat-bites;  —  and,  also,  to  diseases  in 
which  such  eruptions  occur. 

Pulicaris  Herba,  Plantago  psyllium. 

PULLNA,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  These 
Bohemian  springs  contain  sulphates  of  soda  and 
magnesia,  and  chloride  of  magnesium. 

PULMO,  Pulmo'nes,  by  transposition  of  the 
letter  I  from  pleumon,  TrXeviioiv ;  Pneumon,  Pleu- 
mon,  Spir amen' turn  an'ima,  Ergaste'rion  spiir'itils, 
FlabeU'um  et  ventila'brum  cordis,  the  Lung.  The 
essential  organ  of  respiration,  which  is  double, 
and  occupies  the  two  sides  of  the  chest.  The 
lungs,  which  are  of  a  spongy,  soft,  flexible,  com- 
pressible, and  dilatable  structure,  fill  exactly  the 
two  cavities  of  the  thorax,  and  are  separated  from 
each  other  by  the  mediastinum  and  the  heart. 
The  right  lung,  which  is  shorter  and  broader 
than  the  left,  is  divided,  by  two  oblique  fissures, 
into  three  unequal  lobes,  Lobi  seu  AJapidmo'num. 
The  left  has  only  two  lobes,  and  consequently 
only  one  fissure.  At  the  internal  surface  of  those 
organs,  which  is  slightly  concave,  there  is,  about 
the  middle,  a  pedicle,  formed  by  the  bronchia  and 
pulmonary  vessels,  and  called,  by  anatomists,  the 
root  of  the  lungs,  (F.)  Racine  des  Poumons.  Es- 
sentially, the  lungs  are  composed  of  prolongations 
and  ramifications  of  the  bronchia,  and  of  the  pul- 
monary arteries  and  veins, — the  divisions  of  which 
are  supported  by  a  fine,  areolar  tissue. 

When  the  surface  of  the  lungs  is  examined  in  a 
clear  light,  we  may  see,  even  through  the  pleura, 
that  their  parenchyma  is  formed  by  the  aggrega- 
tion of  a  multitude  of  small  vesicles,  of  an  irregu- 
larly spheroid  or  ovoid  shape,  full  of  air,  and 
separated  by  white  and  opake  septa.  These  ve- 
sicles are  called  Air-cells,  Spiramen'ta  seu  Spi- 
ram'itia  seu  Cell'ulm  Pulmo'num.  Along  the  par- 
titions or  septa  is  deposited,  in  greater  or  less 
quantity,  black  pulmonary  matter,  (F.)  3fa- 
ti^re  pulmonaire  noire,  as  it  has  been  called, 
which  seems  to  be  natural.  Sometimes  it  is  seen 
in  points;  at  others,  in  spots.  The  colour  of  the 
lungs  varies  according  to  age  and  other  circum- 
stances. In  youth,  it  is  more  red;  and  after- 
wards, grayish  or  bluish ;  often,  as  if  marbled. 
The  pleura  pulmonalis  is  their  investing  mem- 
brane. The  air  is  carried  to  the  lungs  by  means 
of  the  trachea  and  bronchia.  The  black  venous 
blood,  which  requires  oxygenation,  is  conveyed  to 
them  from  the  heart,  by  the  pulmonary  artery; 
and  when  it  has  undergone  this  change,  it  is 
returned  to  the  heart  by  the  pulmonary  veins. 
The  blood-vessels  inservient  to  the  nutrition  of 
the  lungs  are  the  bronchial  arteries  and  veins. 
The  pulmonary  lymphatics  are  very  numerous. 
Some  are  superficial ;  others,  deep-seated.  They 
pass,  for  the  most  part,  into  the  bronchial  gan- 
glions or  glands.  The  nerves  are  furnished  by 
the  pulmonary  plexus. 

PUL3I0NAIRE  DES  FRANgAIS,  Hiera- 
cium  murorum. 

PULMONA'RIA,  P.  officina'lis,  P.  3Iacu'laH„, 
P.  3Iaculo' sa,  Lungwort,  Spotted  Lungwort,  Jeru'- 
salem  Cowslip,  Jerusalem  Sage,  Spotted  Comfrcy, 
(F.)  Sauge  de  Jerusalem.  Family,  Boraginese. 
.S'ea;.  Syst.  Pentandria  Monogynia.  The  leavea 
of  this  plant  have  been  used  as  demulcents  and 
pectorals;  partly  from  their  resemblance  to  lungs, 


PULMONARY 


726 


PULSE 


and,  partly,  because  they  have  a  slightly  mu- ' 
cilaginous  taste.  The  plant  is  not  worthy  of  no- 
tice. 

PuLMONAKiA,  Pneumonia — p.  Arborea,  Lichen 
pulmonarius — p.  Gallica,  Hieracium  murorum — 
p.  Officinalis,  Pulmonaria. 

PUL'MONARY,  Pulmona'ris,  Puhnon a'lis. 
That  which  relates  or  belongs  to  the  lungs.  A 
name  given  to  various  parts. 

PuLMONAiiY  Artery,  Arte'ria  pulmona'ris, 
Vena  arterio'sa,  arises  from  the  upper  and  left 
part  of  the  right  ventricle  of  the  heart;  whence 
it  passes  obliquely  upwards  and  to  the  left  side; 
dividing  into  two  trunks,  opposite  the  second 
dorsal  vertebra  —  one  passing  to  each  lung.  At 
its  origin,  it  is  furnished  with  three  sigmoid  or 
semilunar  valves.  It  carries  the  blood  to  the 
lungs  for  aeration. 

Pulmonary  Matter,  Black,  see  Pulmo. 

Pulmonary  Plexus,  Plexus  pulmona'ris.  A 
considerable  nervous  network,  situate  behind  the 
bronchia,  which  is  formed  by  the  filaments  of  the 
pneumogastric  nerve  or  par  vagum,  and  by  other 
filaments  from  the  inferior  cervical  ganglion  and 
the  first  thoracic  ganglia.  This  plexus  forms  a 
kind  of  areolar  web,  with  numerous  meshes  of 
different  sizes,  in  which  vessels  are  lodged,  sur- 
rounded by  much  areolar  tissue.  This  plexus 
sends  filaments  to  the  bronchia,  which  they  ac- 
company to  their  extremities. 

Pulmonary  Veins,  VencB  pnlmona'res,  Arte'- 
rioe  veno'scB.  These  arise  in  the  lungs  from  the 
final  terminations  of  the  arteries  of  the  same 
name ;  collect  in  ramusculi  and  rami  of  greater 
and  greater  size,  and  ultimately  unite  in  four 
trunks;  two  of  which  issue  from  each  lung  to 
open  into  the  left  auricle  of  the  heart.  The  pul- 
monary veins  have  the  same  structure  as  the 
other  veins  of  the  body ;  from  which  they  differ, 
in  containing  arterial  blood,  as  the  pulmonary 
artery  differs  from  the  others  in  conveying  venous 
blood.     They  carry  the  blood  back  to  the  heart 

PULMONES  TARTARIZATI,  Lithiasis  pul- 
monum. 

PULMONIA,  Phthisis  pulmonalis.  Pneumonia. 

PULMON'IC,  Pulmon'icus,  Pneumon'ieus,  Pul- 
mona'rius,  Pnenmon'ic.  One  affected  with  phthisis 
— one  labouring  under  diseases  of  the  lungs.  Any 
thing  relating  or  belonging  to  the  lungs.  A  me- 
dicine for  the  lungs. 


PULP,  Pulpa,  Piilpa'men,  Sarz.  The  soft  and 
parenchymatous  parts  of  vegetables  reduced  to  a 
paste  by  the  operation  of  pulping. 

Pulp  of  the  Tooth,  Dental  pulp. 

PULPA  CASSIA,  see  Cassia  fistula— p.  Den- 
tis,  Dental  pulp  —  p.  Pruni,  see  Pruni  pulpa —  p. 
Prunorum  sylvestrium  condita,  Conserva  pruni 
sylvestris  —  p.  Tamarind!,  see  Tamarindi  pulpa. 

Pulpa  Testis,  Paren'chi/ma  testis.  The  pa- 
renchyma of  the  testis. 

PULPAMEN,  Pulp. 

PULPE  BENT  AIRE,  Dental  pulp. 

PULPEZIA,  Apoplexy. 

PULPING,  Pulpa'tion,  Pid'pa'tio.  An  opera- 
tion—  the  object  of  which  is  to  reduce  certain 
vegetable  substances  to  a  pulp.  For  this  pur- 
pose, they  are  bruised  in  a  mortar,  and  then 
passed  through  a  hair  sieve,  by  the  aid  of  a 
wooden  spatula,  called  a  Pulper,  (F.)  Pnlpoire. 

PULPOIliE,  see  Pulping. 

PULQUE,  see  Agave  Americana. 

PULS  EX  OVIS  et  LACTE,  Oogala. 

PULSATILLA  NIGRICANS,  Anemone  pra- 
tensis — p.  Pratensis,  Anemone  pratensis — p.  Vul- 
garis, Anemone  pulsatillai 

PULSATILLE  NOIRE,  Anemone  pratensis 
— p.  des  Pres,  Anemone  pratensis. 

PULSATIO,  Pulsation— p.  Cordis,  Palpitation. 

PULSA'TION,  Pulsa'tio,  Sphygmos,  Sphyais, 
Pede'sis,  Pedeth'mos,  (F.)  Battement.  The  beat- 
ing of  the  heart  and  arteries.  Also,  the  beating 
felt  in  an  inflamed  part. 

PULSATIVUS,  Throbbing. 

PULSATORY,  Throbbing. 

PULSE,  from  2}vlso,  'I  beat;'  Pvhns,  Pulsa'- 
tio, Pnlsus  cordis  et  urteria'rum.  Ictus  cordis  et 
arteria'runi,  Incur 'sus  arteria'rum,  Sphygmos, 
Sphygma,  Diasphyx'is,  (F.)  Poids.  Beating  of 
the  arteries,  produced  by  the  afiiux  of  the  blood 
propelled  by  the  heart  in  its  contractions.  For 
the  sake  of  convenience,  we  choose  the  radial 
artery  at  the  wrist  to  detect  the  precise  character 
of  the  pulse.  These  characters  relate  to  the 
number  of  pulsations  in  a  given  time;  to  their 
degrees  of  quickness  ;  hardness  and  strength  ;  to 
the  equality  or  inequality  either  of  the  pulsations 
themselves  or  of  their  intervals  ;  to  the  develop- 
ment or  fulness  of  the  artery,  and  to  the  different 
impressions  it  may  produce  on  the  finger. 

The  following  estimates  have  been  made  of  the 
pulse  at  various  ages  : 


Ages. 


Numher  of  Beats  per  minute,  according  to 


Heberden. 


In  the  embryo 

At  birth 

One  month  ... 

One  year 

Two  years. .. . 
Three  years. .. 
Seven  years  . . 
Twelve  years. 

Puberty 

Adult  age 

Old  age 


130  to  140 

120 
120  to  108 
108  to  90 
90  to  80 

72 

70 


SOMMERINQ. 


120 
110 
90 


150 
Do. 

115  to  130 

100  to  115 

90  to  100 

85  to  90 

80  to  85 
70  to  75 
50  to  G5 


It  does  not  appear  that  the  pulse  of  the  aged 
is  less  frequent,  but  the  contrary.  In  general  it 
is  more  frequent  in  females  and  in  irritable  per- 
sons, than  in  males  and  those  of  an  opposite  tem- 
perament. In  the  healthy  state,  the  pulse,  be- 
sides having  the  proper  number  of  pulsations,  is 
neither  hard  nor  unusually  soft ;  it  is  moderately 
developed  ;  of  a  medium  strength  ;  and  perfectly 
equal,  both  as  regards  the  pulsations  and  their 
intervals     In  diseases  it  wanders,  more  or  less, 


from  these  physiological  conditions.  The  diffe- 
rent characters  of  the  pulse  that  have  been  re- 
corded, are  remarkably  numerous.  In  a  diction- 
ary, it  is  necessary  to  detail  them,  although  many 
of  them  are  not  now  regarded,  and  some  are  ri- 
diculous. 

Pulse,  Ardent,  Pulsus  ardens,  (F.)  Povh  ar- 
dent, Pouls  elere.  One  which  seems  to  raise  itself 
to  a  point  in  order  to  strike  the  finger. 

Pulse,  Cap'kizant,  Pidsus  Capri' zans,  P.  i&r- 


PULSE 


727 


PULSE 


eadts'sans,  P.  gazelV arts,  P.  fusa'lis,  Goatleap 
pulse,  (F.)  Pauls  caprisant.  One  which  seems  to 
leap,  as  it  ■veere;  an  imperfect  dilatation  of  the 
artery  being  succeeded  by  a  fuller  and  a  stronger 
one. 

Pulse,  Complex,  (F.)  Pauls  combinS  ou  com- 
pose, P.  complique.  A  pulse  which  has  the  cha- 
racter of  several  critical  pulses  united. 

PoLSE,  Contract'ed,  (F.)  Pauls  serve,  P.  con- 
centre. One  whose  pulsations  are  narrow,  deep, 
and  slightly  hard. 

Pdlse,  Convul'sive,  Pulsus  convulsi'vns,  (F.) 
Pauls  canvulsif.  That  which  is  unequally  fre- 
quent or  unequally  hard ;  in  short,  which  resem- 
bles the  irregular  pulsations  of  a  muscular  fibre 
in  a  state  of  convulsion. 

Pulse,  Crit'ical,  Pulsus  crit'icus.  A  pulse 
which,  after  having  possessed  the  characters  of 
irritation,  becomes  free,  open,  soft,  <fcc. 

Pulse,  Decurtate,  Pulsus  myurus:  see,  also, 
Myurus. 

Pulse,  Deep,  Pulsus  profun'dus,  (F.)  Pauls 
profond.  One  which  cannot  be  felt  without  diffi- 
culty, and  without  strong  pressure  by  the  finger. 

Pulse,  Defic"ient,  Pulsus  defi.c" iens,  P.  Flick- 
ering, Pulsus  an'nuens  et  circum'nuens,  (F.)  Pauls 
defaillant,  P.  insensible.  One  which  seems,  every 
Instant,  about  to  cease. 

Pulse,  Depressed,  Pulsus  depressus,  (F.) 
Pauls  deprime.     That  which  is  deep  and  weak. 

Pulse,  Devel'oped,  (F.)  Pauls  developpe. 
That  which  is  broad,  full,  strong,  and  frequent. 

Pulse,  Dicrot'ic,  Pulsus  Bi'cratus,  P.  hi'cro- 
tus,  P.  intestina'lis,  P.  bife'riens,  P.  mallea'ris, 
P.  interci'sus,  (F.)  P.  dicrote,  P.  rebondissant,  P. 
redaubU.  That  in  which  the  finger  is  struck 
twice  at  each  pulsation ;  once  lightly,  the  other 
time  more  strongly. 

Pulse,  Equal,  Pulsus  csqiia'lis.  That  in 
which  the  pulsations  resemble  each  other,  and 
return  at  equal  intervals. 

Pulse,  Febrile,  Pidsus  febri'lis.  One  very 
frequent. 

Pulse,  Feeble,  Weak,  Pulsus  deb'ilis,  (F.) 
Pauls  faible.    One  which  strikes  the  finger  feebly. 

Pulse,  Fil'iform,  P.  thready.  One  which  re- 
sembles a  thread  slightly  vibrating. 

Pulse,  Flickering,  Pulse,  deficient. 

Pulse,  Form'icant,  Pulsus  formi'cans,  (F.) 
Paula  formicant.  One  which  resembles,  by  being 
small  and  scarcely  perceptible,  the  motion  of  an 
ant. 

Pulse,  Frequent,  (F.)  P.  agite,  P.  pricipite. 
One  which  strikes  morfi  frequently  than  usual  in 
a  given  time. 

Pulse,  Full,  Ptdstis  plenus,  (F.)  Pouls  plein. 
One  which  gives  the  notion  of  great  repletion  in 
the  vessel. 

Pulse,  Goat-leap,  P.  Caprizant. 

Pulse,  Gut'tural,  Pidsus  gntturn'lis,  (F.) 
Pouls  guttural.  A  pulse  which  has  been  sup- 
posed to  indicate  the  termination  of  afi"ections 
of  the  throat. 

Pulse,  Hard,  Pulsus  durus,  (F.)  Poids  dur. 
That  in  which  the  pulp  of  the  finger  seems  to 
yield  to  the  pulsation. 

Pulse,  Hectic,  Pulsus  hec'ticus.  The  weak, 
frequent  pulse  observed  in  hectic  fever. 

Pulse,  Hemorrhoid'al,  (F.)  Poids  des  He- 
morrhoides.  A  critical  pulse,  announcing  the 
appearance  of  the  hemorrhoidal  flux.  It  is  de- 
seriljed  as  unequal;  —  the  pulsations  not  being 
alike  in  force,  and  still  less  the  intervals. 

Pulse,  Hepat'ic,  (F.)  Pauls  du  Foie.  A  pulse 
imagined- to  indicate  aiiections  of  the  liver.  It  is 
not  worthy  of  description. 

Pulse,  Inferior,  (F.)  Pauls  inferieur,  P.  ab- 
daminal,  P.  ventral.  One  supposed  to  announce 
evacuations  below  the  diaphragm. 


Pulse,  Intercur'rent,  Ptdsua  intercur'rent 
seu  inter' cidens.  One  in  which  a  superfluous 
pulsation  seems  to  occur  from  time  to  time. 

Pulse,  Intermittent,  (F. )  Pauls  iniercadcnt. 
One  in  which  the  pulsations  fail  from  time  to 
time. 

Pulse,  Intes'tinal,  (F.)  Pauls  des  ir.teativs, 
P.  de  la  diarrhee.  A  critical  pulse,  presumed  to 
announce  an  evacuation  by  the  intestines. 

Pulse,  In'tricATE,  Pulsus  intrica'tns,  (F.) 
Pouls  enibarrassee.  That  which  is  but  little  de- 
veloped and  unequally  slow. 

Pulse,  Irreg'ular,  Pulsus  anarma'Us.  Ono 
whose  pulsations  are  unequal,  and  return  at  un- 
equal intervals. 

Pulse  of  Irrita'tion,  Pulsus  ab  irritatio'ne 
seu  nervi'nus  seu  acrit'icus.  One  which  is  fre- 
quent, hard,  and  contracted. 

Pulse,  Jarring,  P.  vibrating  —  p.  Jerking, 
Pulse,  sharp. 

Pulse,  Languid,  (F.)  Pauls  languissant.  A 
slow  and  feeble  pulse. 

Pulse,  Large,  Pulsus  crassus,  P.magnus,  (F.) 
Paids  grand,  P.  large.  That  which  is  large  and 
full. 

Pulse,  Long.  One  which  strikes  the  finger  to 
a  great  extent  in  length. 

Pulse,  Low,  Pulsus  hu'milis,  (F.)  Poids  bas. 
One  in  which  the  pulsations  are  scarcely  percep- 
tible. 

Pulse,  Nasal,  (F.)  Paids  nasaJ,  P.  cajntal, 
P.  du  Nez.  One  supposed  to  announce  the  end 
of  an  irritation  in  the  nasal  fossaj. 

Pulse,  Nat'ural,  (F.)  Pouls  naturel  des 
adultes,  P.  par/ait,  P.  des  adultes,  P.  madere. 
One  that  is  equal  and  regular  in  strength  and 
frequency ;  compressible,  and  devoid  of  hardness. 

Pulse,  Organic,  (F.)  Paids  arganique.  One 
which  indicates  the  afi'ected  organ,  or  the  organ 
bj'  which  an  evacuation  will  take  place. 

Pulse,  Pec'toral,  (F.)  Paids  de  I' cxp)ectora- 
tion.  A  critical  pulse,  announcing  the  termina- 
tion of  some  pulmonary  irritation. 

Pulse,  Quick.  One  which  strikes  sharply, 
but  not  forcibly,  against  the  finger. 

Pulse,  Reg'ular,  Pulsus  norma'lis  aut  regu- 
la'ris.  One  whose  pulsations  are  equal,  and  suc- 
ceed each  other  at  equal  intervals. 

Pulse,  Resist'ing,  (F.)  Pauls  resistant.  One 
a  little  tense,  a  little  hard. 

Pulse,  Sharp,  (F.)  Pouls  prompt,  P.  rite,  P. 
vif.  One  which  strikes  the  finger  sharply,  ra- 
pidly. When  to  a  greater  extent,  it  is  called  a 
jerking  pulse. 

Pulse,  Sharp-tailed,  Pulsus  myurus :  see 
Myurus. 

Pulse,  Simple,  Pulsus  simplex.  A  critical 
pulse,  indicating  an  evacuation  by  one  organ 
only. 

Pulse,  Slow,  Pulsus  tardus,  P.  i-arus,  (F.) 
Pouls  leiH,  P.  tardif,  P.  rare.  One  which  strikes 
the  finger  slowly. 

Pulse,  QkajAj,  Pidsus  parvus,  (F.)  Pauls  petit. 
One  whose  pulsations  are  slender  and  weak. 

Pulse,  Soft,  Pulsus  mollis,  (F.)  Pouls  mou. 
One  which  yields  under  the  finger. 

Pulse,  Stom'achal,  (F.)  Pauls  stamaeal,  P. 
de  I'estamac.  One  supposed  to  announce  an  eva- 
cuation by  the  stomach. 

Pulse,  Strong,  Pulsus  fortis,  (F.)  Pauls  fort, 
P.  vehement.  One  which  strikes  the  finger 
strongly. 

Pulse,  Supe'rior,  Pulsus  Superior,  (F.)  Poxdt 
superieur.  A  critical  pulse,  supervening  on  irri- 
tation of  organs  situate  above  the  diaphragm. 

Pulse,  Supple,  Pulsus  elas'ticus,  (F.)  PouU 
soiijile.  One  in  which  the  pulsations  have  strength 
without  hardness. 

Pulse  of  Sweat,  Pidsus  Sudara'lis,  (F.)  Pout* 


PULSELESS     ' 


728 


PULVIS 


Sudoral,  P.  de  la  siteur,     A  critical  pulse,  indi- 
cating an  approacliing  perspiration. 

Pulse,  Tense,  P.  Cordy,  Pulsus  temua,  (P.) 
PohIs  tendu,  P.  roide.  One  in  which  the  artery 
resembles  a  cord  fix>d  at  its  two  extremities. 
When  resembling  a  wire,  it  is  called  wiri/. 

Pdlse,  Thready,  P.  filiform. 

Pulse,  Trem'ulous,  Pulsus  trem'idus,  (F.) 
Fouls  tremhlant,  P.  palpitant.  One  in  which 
each  pulsation  oscillates. 

Pulse,  Un'dulating,  Pulsus  fluctuo'sus,  P. 
fiuena,  P.  in'cidens  Sola'ni,  (F.)  Pauls  ondulant, 
P.  ondoyant.  One  which  resembles,  in  its  move- 
ments, those  of  the  waves. 

Pulse,  Une'qual,  Pidsus  inaqua'lis,  (F.) 
Pouls  inegal.  One  whose  pulsations  are  not 
alike,  or  return  at  unequal  intervals. 

Pulse,  U'hinal,  Pulsus  urina'lis,  (F.)  Poula 
del' Urine.  A  critical  pulse,  fancied  to  denote 
an  approaching  evacuation  of  urine. 

Pulse,  U'teeine,  Pidsus  uteri' nus,  (F.)  Pouls 
Uterine,  P.  de  la  Matrice,  P.  des  Regies.  One 
which  indicates  the  flow  of  the  menses,  or  the 
occurrence  of  metrorrhagia. 

Pulse,  Venous,  Pulsus  venarum. 

Pulse,  Vbrmic'ular.  That  which  imitates 
the  movement  of  a  worm. 

Pulse,  Vi'brating,  Jarring  Pulse.  One  in 
which  the  artery  seems  to  vibrate  like  a  musical 
string. 

Pulse,  "Wirt,  see  Pulse,  tense. 

PULSELESS,  Asphyc'toe,  Devoid  of  pulsation. 

PULSELESSNESS,  Asphyxia. 

PULSIF'IC,  Pulsif'icus;  from  pulsus,  'pulse.' 
That  which  causes  or  excites  pulsation. 

PULSILE'GIUM,  Pulsilo'gium,  Pulsim'eter, 
from  pidsus,  '  the  pulse,'  and  lego,  '  I  tell.' 
Sphygmom' eter,  Sphygmoscop'ium.  Any  instru- 
ment for  measuring  the  quickness  or  force  of  the 
pulse. 

PULSIM ANTI'A ;  from  pulsus  and  fiavTtia, 
'  divination.'  The  art  of  predicting  or  prognosti- 
cating by  the  pulse. 

PULSIMETER,  Pulsilegium. 

PULSUS,  Pulse— p.  Acriticus,  Pulse  of  irrita- 
tion—  p.  Squalls,  Pulse,  equal  —  p.  Annuens  et 
circumnuens.  Pulse,  deficient  —  p.  Anormalis, 
Pulse,  irregular — p.  Bicrotus,  Pulse,  dicrotic — p. 
Eiferiens,  P.  dicrotus  —  p.  Caprizans,  Pulse,  ca- 
prizant  —  p.  Crassus,  Pulse,  large  —  p.  Debilis, 
Pulse,  feeble  —  p.  Deficiens,  Pulse,  deficient — p. 
Dicrotus,  Pulse,  dicrotic — p.  Dorcadissans,  Pulse, 
caprizant — p.  Durus,  Pulse,  hard  —  p.  Elasticus, 
Pulse,  supple — p.  Fluctuosus,  Pulse,  undulating — 
p.  Fluens,  Pulse,  undulating — p.  Formicans,  For- 
laicant,  and  Pulse,  formicant  —  p.  Fortis,  Pulse, 
strong  —  p.  Fusalis,  Pulse,  caprizant  —  p.  Gazel- 
lans.  Pulse,  caprizant  —  p.  Heterochronicus,  see 
lleteroehronicus — p.  Humilis,  Pulse,  Low — p.  In- 
cidens  Solani,  Pulse,  undulating — p.  Intercidens, 
Pulse,  intercurrent— p.  Mallearis,  Pulse,  dicrotic 
— p.  Intercisus,  Pulse,  dicrotic — p.  Intercurrens, 
Pulse,  intercurrent — p.  Intestinalis,  Pulse,  dicro- 
tic— p.  Intricatus,  Pulse,  intricate  —  p.  Magnus, 
Pulse,  large — p.  Mollis,  Pulse,  soft. 

Pulsus  Myu'rus,  Pulse,  decurtnte;  P.  aharp- 
tailed,  (F.)  Poxds  myure.  One  which  goes  on 
diminishing.     See  Myurus. 

Pulsus  Nertinus,  Pulse  of  irritation — p.  Nor- 
malis.  Pulse,  regular — p.  Parvus,  Pulse,  small — 
].i.  Plenus,  Pulse,  full — p.  Rarus,  Pulse,  slow. 

Pul'suS  Serri'nus,  (F.)  Pauls  serrin,  P.  ser- 
ratile.  One  which  strikes,  sometimes  strongly, 
ut  others  feebly,  and  recalls  the  idea  of  a  saw. 

Pulsus  Striatus,  (F.)  Pauls  etroit.     One  that 
l»rrikes  the  finger  to  a  small  extent  in  breadth. 
Pui^sus  SuPCRALis,  Pulse  of  sweat — p.  Tardus, 


Pulse,  slow — p.  Urinalis,  Pulse,  urinal — p.  Ut<s 

rinus.  Pulse,  uterine. 

Pulsus  Vac'uus,  (F.)  Poxds  vide.  One  which 
gives  the  idea  of  emptiness  of  the  artery. 

Pulsus  VENA'RUJf,  Venous  Pulse,  Plilehopa'lia. 

A  pulsation  occasionally  noticed  in  the  jugular 
veins.  It  is  owing  to  some  of  the  blood  of  the 
right  ventricle  reflowing  into  the  right  auricle, 
and  communicating  an  impulse  to  the  venous 
blood  arriving  in  the  auricle  through  the  descend- 
ing cava.  It  is  often  a  sign  of  impediment  to  the 
flow  of  blood  along  the  pulmonary  artery. 

PULTATIO,  Atheroma. 

PULTICE,  Cataplasm. 

PULTICULA,  Bouillie. 

PULVERES  EFFERVESCENTES,  Powders, 
soda. 

PULVERI'ZABLE,  Pul'verable.  Capable  of 
being  reduced  to  powder. 

PULVERIZA'TION,  Pulverisa'tio,  Pulvera'^ 
tio,  (F.)  Pulverisation,  frova  pidvis,  'dust;'  Coni- 
osto'sis.  The  operation  of  dividing  substances, 
so  as  to  reduce  them  to  powder. 

Most  drugs  are  reduced  to  powder  by  persons 
who  make  it  a  special  business,  and  who  are 
called  drug-grinders.  This  is  done  on  a  large 
scale  in  drug  mills ;  and  the  implements  used  are 
the  grinding  mill  and  the  stamping  mill.  In  the 
shop  of  the  apothecary,  pulverization  is  effected 
by  the  pestle  and  mortar,  and  the  sieve. 

Where  substances  require  the  addition  of  other 
bodies  to  facilitate  their  reduction  to  powder,^ 
as  where  camphor  needs  a  few  drops  of  alcohol — 
the  process  is  caWeA  pidverization  by  mediation. 

PULVILLUS,  Pad,  Bourdonnet  —  p.  e  Lina- 
mentis  confectus,  Bourdonnet  —  p.  Rotundus, 
]iourdo?inet, 

PULVI'NAR,  Pulvina'rium.     A  pillow. 

PuLviNAR  HuMULi,  see  Humulus  lupulus. 

PuLViNAR  Medica'tum  scu  Medicisa'le,  Sac'- 
eidus  medicina' lis.  A  medicated  pillow ;  as  of 
hops. 

PuLviNAR  Partujt,  Pad — p.  Ventriculi,  Pan- 

PULVINULUS,  Pad. 

PULVIS,  Conis,  (F.)  Poudre.  A  substance, 
reduced  into  small  particles  by  pulverization. 
Simple  powders  are  those  of  a  single  substance ; 
compound,  those  which  result  from  a  mixture  of 
several  different  powders.  An  impalpable  poicder 
is  one  which  is  so  fine  that  it  can  scarcely  be  felt 
under  the  finger.  A  compound  powder  was, 
formerly,  called  Spe'cies,  (F.)  Espece. 

PuLvis  Absorbens,  p.  de  magnesia  compos. — 
p.  Adspersorius,  Catapasma — p.  Alexiterius,  P. 
contrayervse  comp. — p.  Alexiterius,  P.  ipecacu- 
anhas eompositus — p.  Algarothi,  Algaroth. 

PuLVis  Aloes  Compos'itus,  Compound  poicder 
of  Aloes,  Pxdvis  Aloes  cxim  Guai'aeo,  P.  aloet'icus 
cxim  Guaiaco.  (Aloes  spieat.  ext.  ^i&s,  guaiac. 
gum.  res.  ^j,  pxdv.  cinnam.  comp.  ^ss.  Rub  the 
aloes  and  guaiacum  separately,  then  mix  the 
whole.  Ph.  L.)  Cathartic,  stomachic,  and  sudo- 
rific.    Dose,  gr.  x  to  ^j- 

PuLvis  Aloes  cum  Canel'la,  PidHs  aloes  et 
canellcB,  (Ph.  U.  S.,)  Potrder  of  Aloes  icith  Canella, 
Species  Hi'era  pierce,  Hicra  picra,  Pulvis  Aloet'- 
icus. (Aloes  Ibj.  canell.  ^iij.  Rub  separately 
into  a  powder,  and  mix.  Ph.  U.  S.)  A  warm 
cathartic.     Dose,  gr.  x.  to  Qj. 

Pulvis  Aloes  cdm  Guaiaco,  P.  A.  eomposi- 
tus— p.  Aloeticus,  P.  aloes  cum  canella — p.  Alo- 
eticus,  Hiera  picra — p.  Aluminosus,  P.  sulphatis 
aluminas  eompositus — p.  Aluminis  eompositus,  P. 
sulphatis  aluminsB  eompositus — p.  Aluminis  kino- 
satus,  see  P.  sulphatis  alumina;  eompositus. 

Pulvis  de  Ama'ris  Compos'itus,  Pulvis  anti- 
arthrit'icus  ama'rus,  (F.)  Poudre  aniiarthritiqut 


PULVIS 


729 


PtJLVIS 


ani^re.  (Bad,  gentian.,  aristolocTi.  rotund.,  aa  p. 
3,  Jlor.  centaur,  min.  p.  4,  fol.  ehamcBdr.,  chamcB- 
plth.  manipul.  —  f.  pulvis,  Ph.  P.)  In  gouty  af- 
fections, dyspepsia,  <&c.     Dose,  gr.  xx. 

Pulvis  Angelicus,  Algaroth  —  p.  Anodynus, 
P.  ipecacuanha  comp.  —  p.  Antiacidus,  P.  cretse 
eompositus  —  p.  Antiacidus,  P.  de  magnesia 
lompos.  —  p.  Antiarthriticus  aniarus,  P.  de  ama- 
ris  compositus — p.  Antiarthriticus  purgans,  P.  de 
eennS,,  scammonea  et  lignis — p.  Autiasthmaticus, 
P.  de  sulphure  et  scilla. 

Pulvis  Antilys'sus,  Head's  Powder  against 
the  bite  of  a  mad  dog.  It  consisted  of  ash-coloured 
I'verworf  in  powder,  with  an  equal  quantity  of 
hlack  fcpper ;  a  drachm  and  a  half  of  the  two 
forming  a  dose  for  an  adult. 

Pulvis  Antimonialis,  Antimonial  powder. 

Pulvis  de  Arc  Compos'itus,  Compound  Pow- 
der of  Arum,  (F.)  Poudre  de  Birchmann,  {Pad. 
ari,  acori  veri,  pimpinell.  saxifrag.  aa  40  p.  ocul. 
cancror.  ppt.  12  p.,  cinnam.  1  p.,  potassa  sulph. 
6  p.,  ammonicB  muriat.  2  p.  —  f.  pulv.  Ph.  P.) 
Sternutatory. 

Pulvis  Aromaticus,  P.  einnamomi  compositus. 

Pulvis  As 'ari  Compos'itus,  P.  stemutato'- 
rius,  P.  errhi'nus,  P.  capita'lia  Sancti  An'geli,  P. 
cephal'iciis,  Cephalic  snuff ;  Compound  powder  of 
Asarahac' ea,  (F.)  Poudre  d'asarum  comp)osee  dite 
etemutatoire,  P.  de  Saint-Ange.  [Folior.  asar. 
Europ.  p.  tres., ybZ.  origan,  majorana,  flor.  lavand. 
ajnc,  sing.  p.  1.  Rub  into  powder.  Ph.  L.)  Ster- 
nutatory. 

Pulvis  Auri,  see  Gold — p.  e.  Bolo  compositus 
cum  opio,  P.  cretae  compositus  cum  opio  —  p.  e. 
Bolo  compositus  sine  opio,  see  P.  cretse  composi- 
tus— p.  Carabogiaj  compositus,  P.  e.  gummi  gutta 
— p.  Capitalis  Sancti  Angeli,  Pulvis  asari  compo- 
situs— p.  Carbonatis  calcis  compositus,  P.  cretse 
compositus — p.  Cardiacus,  P.  contrayerva  comp. 
— p.  Carthusianorum,  Antimonii  sulphuretum  ru- 
brum — p.  Cathartieus,  P.  scammonete  comp. — p. 
Cephalicus,  P.  asari  compositus. 

Pulvis  Cinnamo'mi  Compos'itus,  Compound 
Powder  of  Cin'namon,  Pidvis  seu  Spe'cies  Impe- 
rato'ris,  P.  vitcB  Imperato'ris,  P.  Diaro'maton, 
Species  diacinnamo'mi,  S.  latifican'tes  Rhazis, 
Tra'gea  aromat'ica,  Species  Diam'brcB  sine  odo- 
ra'tis,  Species  aromat'iccB,  Pulvis  aromaticus  (Ph. 
U.  S.),  Aromatic  powder,  (F.)  Poudre  de  canelle 
composee  ou  aromatique.  (Cinnam.,  zingib.  aa 
^^ij,  cardam.,  myrist.  aa  ^j.  Rub  to  a  fine  powder. 
Ph.  U.  S.)  Stimulant  and  carminative.  Dose, 
gr.  X  to  9j. 

Pulvis  Cobbii  seu  Tunquinen'sis.  The  fa- 
mous Tonquin  powder,  introduced  into  England 
by  a  Jlr.  Cobb.  It  was  composed  of  16  grains 
of  musk,  and  48  grains  of  cinnabar;  and  was 
mixed  in  a  gill  of  arrack.  It  was  formerly  re- 
garded as  a  specific  in  hydrophobia. 

Pulvis  Comitis  Warwicensis,  P.  Cornachini 
—  p.  Comitissse,  Cinchona, 

Pulvis  Comtrayer'v^  Compos'itus,  Lapis 
ccntrayervcs,  Contrayerva  balls.  Compound  Powder 
of  Gontrayer'va,  Pidvis  cardi'acus,  P.  alexite'rius, 
P.  Mantua'nus.  (Contrayerv.  rad.  eontrit.  ^v, 
test.  prap.  Ibiss.  Mix.  Ph.  L.)  Stimulant  and 
sudorific.     Dose,  gr.  xv  to  ^ss. 

Pulvis  Cornachi'ni,  Biaceltates'son  Paraeelsi, 
Earl  of  Warioick's  Powder,  Pulvis  Ox'ydi  Stib'ii 
compos'itus,  Pidvis  Com'itis  Warwicen'sis,  Pulvis 
de  Tribus,  Cer'berus  Triceps,  Pulvis  Scammo'nii 
antimonia'lis,(¥.)  Poudre  Cornachine.  [Scammon. 
Alep.,  potass,  supertart.,  antim.  diaph.  aa  p.  se.  f. 
pulvis.  Ph.  P.)  Cathartic.  Used  chiefly  in  cu- 
taneous diseases.     Dose,  ^ss  to  ^j. 

Pulvis  Corxu  Usti  Cum  O'pio,  Pulvis  opia'tus. 
Powder  of  Burnt  Hartshorn  with  opium,  (F.) 
Poudre  de  come  brulee  avec  I' opium.     (  Opii  duri 


cont.  5J,  corn.  ust.  pra-p.  §j,  cocco\ .  cont.  ^j- 
Mix.  Ph.  L.)  Ten  grains  contain  one  of  opium. 
Anodyne. 

Pulvis  Cretaceus,  P.  cretaa  eompositus. 

Pulvis  Cret.b  Compos'itus,  P.  Carbona'tit 
Calcis  compositus.  Compound  Powder  of  chalk,  P. 
creta'ceus,  Spje'cies  e  Scordio  sine  ojiio,  Biascor' - 
dium,  Pulris  antac"idus,  P.  terres'tris,  Species 
Diacre'ta,  (with  Bole  Armeniac  in  place  of  chalk 

—  the  Pidvis  e  Bolo  compositus  sine  opio,)  (F.) 
Poudre  de  crate  comp)osee.  [CretcE  ppt.  Ibss,  cni- 
na7n.  eort,  ^iv,  tormentill.  rad.,  acacicB  gum.,  sing 
'^i\},2n2}.long.fruct.'^\\.  Reduce  separately  to 
a  fine  powder,  and  mix.  Ph.  L.)  Antacid,  sto- 
machic, absorbent.     Dose,  gr.  xx  to  ^ij. 

Pulvis  Cret^  Compos'itus  cum  O'pio,  Com^ 
pound  Powder  of  Chalk  with  opium,  Pulvis  e 
Gretd  compositus  cum  opio  (with  Bole  Armeniae 
instead  of  chalk — Pidvis  e  Bolo  compositus  cum 
opio,)  Species  e  Scordio  cum  02)io,  (F.)  Poudre  de 
craie  comjyosee  avec  Vopiurn.  {Pulv.  cref.  c.  ^vjss, 
opii  duri  cont.  ^iv.  Mix.  Ph.  L.)  Contains  one 
grain  of  opium  in  40.  Anodyne  and  absorbent. 
Dose,  9j  to  9ij. 

Pulvis  Diaphoreticus,  P.  ipecacuanhEE  comp. 
— p.  Diapnoicus,  P.  ipecacuanhas  comp. — p.  Dia- 
romaton,  P.  einnamomi  compositus  —  p.  Diasensc 
P.  sennee  compos. — p.  Diaturpethi  compositus,  P. 
jalapse  compositus. 

Pulvis  Ducis  Portlan'di^,  Buke  of  Port- 
land's Gout  Powder.  {Rad.  aristoloch.,  gentiancB, 
summit,  chamcedr.,  centaur,  min.  aa  p.  se.)  Dose^ 
3ss  to  5J. 

Pulvis  Emmenagogus,  P.  myrrhse  compositus 

—  p.  Epilepticus  Marchionum,  P.  de  magnesia 
compositus  —  p.  Errhinus,  P.  asari  compositus  — 
p.  Galactopceus,  P.  de  magnesia  compos. 

Pulvis  e  Gummi  Gutta,  P.  Cambo'gice  compo- 
situs, P.  hydrago'gus.  Gamboge  Powder,  (F.)  Pou- 
dre hydragogue  ou  de  gomme  gutte,  P.  de  Querce- 
ta'nus.  {Rad.  jalap.  24  p.,  rad.  mechoacan.  12 
p.,  cinnam.,  rhei.  aa  8  p.,  gum.  cambog.  3.  p.,  f<>'. 
soldanellce  sice.  6  p.,  semin.  anisi  12  p.,  fiat  pulvis. 
Ph.  P.)  A  drastic  cathartic.  In  anasarca  and 
in  worms.     Dose,  gr.  xv  to  xxx. 

Pulvis  Gummo'sus  Alkali'nus,  Sapo  vegeta'- 
bilis,  (F.)  Poudre  de  savon  vegetal.  {Guaiac. 
pulv.  32.  p.,  potass,  carb.  4  p.  Make  into  a 
powder.     Ph.  P.)     Antacid. 

Pulvis  ex  Helminthocort'o  Compos'itus,  P. 
vermif'ugus  absque  mercu'rio,  (F.)  Poudre  vermi- 
fuge sans  mercure,  {Fuc.  helminthocort.,  sem. 
contra.,  siimmiiat.  absinth.,  tanaceii,  fol.  scordii, 
senncB,  rhei.  aa  p.  SB,  fiat  pulvis.    Ph.  P.)     Dose, 

Bj  to  3J- 

Pulvis  Htdragogus,  P.  e  gummi  gutta — p. 
Hydrargyri  cinereus,  see  Hydrargyri  oxydum 
cinereum  —  p.  Hypnoticus,  Hydrargyri  sulphu- 
retum nigrum  —  p.  Imperatoris,  P.  einnamomi 
compositus — p.  Incisivus,  P.  de  sulphure  et  scill^ 
— p.  Pro  infantibus,  P.  de  magnesia  compos. — p. 
Infantum,  P.  de  magnesia,  compos. — p.  Infantum 
antacidus,  P.  de  magnesia  compositus. 

Pulvis  Ipecacuan'h^  Compos'itus,  P.  alexi- 
te'rius, P.  anod'ynus,  P.  diajyhoret' icus,  P.  diup- 
no'icus,  P.  sudorif'icus  Bove'ri,  Compound  powder 
of  Ipecacuanha,  P.  IpecacuanhoB  ct  Opii  (Ph.  U. 
S.),  Bover's  Powder,  (F.)  Poudre  de  Bover  ou 
d'ipecacuanha  et  d'opium,  P.  de  Boicer.  {Tpeca~ 
cuanh.  pulv.,  opii  pxdv.,  sing  ^jj  potasses  sulphat, 
§j.  Mix.)     Diaphoretic.     Dose,  gr.  v  to  gr.  xij. 

Pulvis  Ipecacuanha  et  Opii,  P.  ipecacuanhse 
compos. 

Pulvis  Jalap'a  Compos'itus,  P.  Biatmpe'thi 
compositus,  ComjMund  powder  of  Jalap,  PulvU 
laxans,  P.  Purgans,  P.  Inxati'vvs  vegetab'ilis,  P. 
laxans  cum  sale,  P.  Jalap' ce  sali'nus,  P.  j.  tartar - 
icus,   Spe'cies  Biajaloiice,  (F.)  Poudre  de  jalofi 


PULVIS 


730 


PUXCTIO 


compoaie.  (Piilv.  jalap.  5j,  potass,  hitart.  §ij. 
Mix.)     Cathartic.     Dose,  yj  to  ^ij- 

PuLVis  Jalaps  Salinus,  P.  jalapEe  composi- 
tus — p.  Jalapas  tartaricus,  P.  jalapag  compositus 

—  p.  de  JalapS,  et  scammonio  compositus,  P. 
ecammoneae  comp. — p.  Jamesii,  Antimonial  pow- 
der— p.  Jesuiticus,  Cinchona — p.  Joannis  de  Vigo, 
Hydrargyri  nitrico-oxydum. 

Pdlvis  Kino  Compos'itus,  Compound  Poioder 
of  kino,  (F.)  Poudre  de  kino  composee.  (Kino 
3xv,  cort.  cinnam.  ^iv,  opii  duri  ^j.  Rub  each 
to  powder,  and  mix.  Ph.  L.)  Astringent.  Dose, 
gr.  V  to  xs. 

PuLvis  Laxans,  p.  jalapae  compositus  —  p. 
Laxans  cum  sale,  P.  jalapse  compositus — p.  Lax- 
ativus  vegetabilis,  P.  jalapa)  compositus. 

PuLvis  DE  Magne'sia  Cosipos'itus,  p.  Galac- 
tojxie'us,  P.  Nutri'.cum,  P.  Infan'tum,  P.  Infantum 
antac"idus,  P.  pro  Infan'tihua,  P.  antiac"idus,  P. 
ahsor'hens,  P.  epilep'ticiis  Marchio'num,  Compound 
powder  of  Magne'sia,  (P.)  Poudre  absorhante  et 
anti-acide.  (Magnesia,  sacchar.  aa  p.  ae.  Mix. 
Ph.  P.) 

PuLvis  Mantuantts,  p.  contrayervse  comp.  — 
p.  Marchionis,  Marchionis  Pulvis — p.  Mercurialis 
cinereus,  Hydrargyri  oxidum  cinereum  —  p.  ad 
Mucum  pulmonalem  liberius  ciendum,  P.  de  sul- 
phure  et  scilla. 

PcLvis  Myrrhje  CoMPOs'iTns,  P.  e  Myrrhd 
compositus,  Comp)ound  Myrrh  Powder,  Pulvis  ad 
ul'cera  tend' inum,  P.  Emmenago'gus,  (F.)  Poudre 
Balsamique,  [Myrrha,  sabintB,  rutcR,  castor.  Puss. 
58-  §j-)  A  stimulant,  antispasmodic,  and  emme- 
nagogue.     Dose,  gr.  xv  to  xl. 

Pulvis  Nutricum,  P.  de  magnesia  compositus 

—  p.  Opiatus,  P.  cornu  usti  cum  opio  —  p.  Oxydi 
stibii  compositus,  P.  cornachini  —  p.  Parturiens, 
Ergot  —  p.  de  Phosphate  calcis  et  stibii  composi- 
tus, Antimonial  powder — p.  Principis,  Hydrargyri 
nitrico-oxydvim  —  p.  Purgans,  P.  jalapas  compo- 
situs —  p.  Quercetanus,  Hydrargyri  submurias. 

Pdlvis  Quercus  Mari'n^,  Powder  of  Yellow 
Bladder -Wrack.  (The  wrack  in  fruit,  dried, 
cleaned,  exposed  to  a  red  heat  in  a  crucible,  with 
a  perforated  lid,  and  then  reduced  to  powder. 
Ph.  D.)  Virtues  dependent  on  iodine:  used,  con- 
sequently, in  bronchocele,  &c.  Dose,  gr.  x  to  xl. 
See  Fucus  vesiculosus. 

Pulvis  Scammo'ne^  Compos'itus,  Compound 
Powder  of  Scammony,  Pulvis  e  Scammonio  com- 
positus, Pulvis  Scammonii,  Pulvis  de  Jalapd  et 
Scammo'nio  compositus  dictus  Cathar'ticus,  (F. ) 
Poudre  cathartique  ou  Poudre  de  Scammonee  com- 
posee. (Scammon.,  ext.  jalap,  dur.,  sing.,  ^ij, 
zingih.  rad.  ^ss.  Rub  separately  to  powder  and 
mix.    Ph.  L.)    Cathartic.    Dose,  gr.  viij  to  gr.  xv. 

Pulvis  Scammo'nii  cum  Aloe,  P.  e  Scammonio 
cum  Aloe,  Scammony  and  Aloes  Poioder.  (Scam- 
mon.  ^vj,  ext.  jalap,  dur.,  aloes  Socotr.  aa  ^iss, 
zing.  3SS.)     Cathartic.     Dose,  gr.  x  to  xv. 

Pulvis  Scammonii  Antimonialis,  P.  corna- 
chini. 

Pulvis  Senn^  Compos'itus,  Compound  poioder 
of  Senna,  Pulvis  e  Send  compositus,  P.  e  Senna 
compositus,  Pulvis  Diase'nm,  (F.)  Poudre  de  sene 
composie.  (Sennm  folior.,  potass,  supertart.  sing. 
^\},scammon.  §ss,  rad.  zingib.  ^ij.  Ph.  L.)  Ca- 
thartic, hydragogue.     Dose,  ^j  to  ^j- 

Pulvis  de  SennI,  Scammo'nio  et  Lignis  Com- 
pos'itus dictus  Antiarthrit'icus  Purgans,  (F.) 
Poudre  de  Perard.  (Gum  Arab.,  potass,  auper- 
iart.,  fol.  senna,  china,  aa  4  p.,  scammon.,  rad. 
tarsapar.,  china,  guaiae.  lign.  aa  2  p.,  fiat  pulvis. 
Ph.  P.)    Purgative.    Used  to  obviate  gout.    Dose, 

Pulvis  Stanni,  see  Tin — p.  Sternutatorius,  P. 
wari  compositus — p.  Stibiatus,  Antimonial  pow- 


der—  p.  Stypticus,  P.  Sulphatis  aluminae  com- 
positus— p.  Sudorificus,  P.  ipecacuanha;  comp.— 
p.  Sudorificus  Doveri,  P.  Ipecacuanha;  compo- 
situs. 

Pulvis  Sdlpha'tis  Alu'mix^  Compos'itus, 
P.  alumino'stis,  P.  nlu'minis  kinosa'tus,  Pulvis 
styp'ticua,  Pulvis  aluminis  compositus,  Alu'men 
kinosa'tnm.  Compound  Alum  Powder,  (F.)  Poudre 
styptique  ou  d'alun  composee.  (Sulphatia  alumi- 
na, p.  iv,  kino,  p.  1.  Ph.  E.)  Astringent.  In 
intestinal  hemorrhage  and  diarrhoea.  Dose,,  gr. 
X  to  XV. 

Pulvis  de  Sul'phuee  et  Scilla,  P.  Anti- 
asthmat'icus,  P.  Incisi'vus,  P.  ad  mucum  pulmo- 
na'lem  libe'rius  cien'dum,  (F.)  Poudre  incisive  ou 
anti-asthmatique.  (Sacchar.  alb.  p.  3,  sulphur, 
lot.  p.  2,  scilla.  siccat.  p.  j.  Ph.  P.)  Dose,  gr. 
V  to  ^ss- 

Pulvis  de  Sulpha'te  Potas's^  CoMPOs'iTrs, 
P.tem'perana  Stah'lii,  (IP.)  Poudre  temperante  de 
Stahl.  (Potaaa.  sulpih.,  P.  nitrat.  aa  9  p.,  hydrarg. 
sidph.  rubr.  2  p.  Mix.  Ph.  P.)  As  an  anti- 
phlogistic, and  in  acidity  of  the  first  passages. 
Dose,  9j  to  9ij. 

Pulvis  e  Sulphure'to  Hydear'gyri  Nigro 
ET  Scammo'nio,  dictus  Vermif'ugus  Mercuria'- 
LIS,  (F.)  Poudre  vermifuge  mercurielle.  (Pule, 
cornachin.,  hydrarg.  sidphuret.  nigr.  recent.  pra;p., 
aa  p.  se.     Mix.     Ph.  P.)     Dose,  ^j  to  ^ss. 

Pulvis  Sympatheticus,  Sympathetic  powder 
— p.  Temperans  Stahlii,  P.  de  sulphate  potassse 
compositus — p.  Terrestris,  P.  cretse  compositus. 

Pulvis  Tragacan'th^e  Compos'itus,  Sjieciea 
Diatragacan'tha  frig"ida,  Pulvis  e  Trogacan'thd 
compositus,  Compiound  Poioder  of  Tragacanth, 
(F.)  Poudre  de  gomrne  adragant  composee.  (  Tra- 
gacanth.  contus.,  acacia  gumvii  cont.,  amyli,  sing. 
"^iss,  sacch.purif.^n^.  Ph.  L.)  Demulcent.  In 
coughs,  Ac.     Dose,  '^ss  to  ^iij. 

Pulvis  de  Tribus,  P.  cornachini — p.  Tunqui- 
nensis,  P.  Cobbii  —  p.  ad  Uleera  tendinum,  P. 
myrrhse  compositus — p.  Vermifugus  absque  mer- 
curio,  Pulvis  ex  helminthocorto  comp.  —  p.  Ver- 
mifugus mercurialis,  P.  e  sulphureto  hydrargyri 
nigro  et  scammonio — p.  Vitse  Imperatoris,  P.  cin- 
namomi  compositus. 

PUMEX,  Lapis  pu'micis.  Pumice,  (F.)  Pierre 
Ponce.  This  was  formerly  employed  as  a  desic- 
cative  and  dentifrice. 

PUMICE,  Pumex. 

PUMILIO,  Nanus. 

PUMILUS,  see  Nanus. 

PUMP,  BREAST,  Antlia  lactea— p.  Stomach, 
Antlia  gastriea. 

PUNA,  Veto,  Soroecp,  Soroche,  Marco,  (S.) 
A  sickness  common  in  the  elevated  districts  of 
South  America  and  elsewhere,  which  attacks 
those  unaccustomed  to  breathe  the  rarefied  atmo- 
sphere. It  strongly  resembles  sea-sickness,  with 
a  most  acute  and  depressing  throbbing  in  the 
head.  It  does  not  often  afiect  the  respiration 
considerably. 

PUN  A I  SB,  Ciraex. 

PUNAISIE,  Ozana. 

PUNCH,  Rhi'zagra,  from  pungere,  'to  prick.' 
Repulso'rium,  CF.)  Pcpoussoir.  A  surgical  instru- 
ment used  for  extracting  the  stumps  of  teeth. 
See  Lever. 

Also,  an  agreeable  alcoholic  drink,  made  of 
spirit,  wine,  sugar,  lemon-juice,  and  water.  Milk 
is  sometimes  substituted  in  part  for  the  water :  it 
then  forms  Milk  Punch. 

PUNCTA  OSSIFICATIONIS,  Ossification, 
points  of. 

PUNCTiE  MUCOSA,  see  Acne. 

PUNCTICULA,  Petechia;. 

PUNCTIO,  Paracentesis,  Puncture— p.  Nervi, 
Neuronygme. 


PUNCTUM 


731 


PURPURA 


PUNCTUM,  Stitch. 

PuNCTUM  Au'reum,  Punc'tura  aurea.  Por- 
merly,  when  an  intestinal  hernia  was  reduced  by 
an  incision  made  through  the  integuments  down 
to  the  upper  part  of  the  spermatic  vessels,  a 
golden  wire  was  fixed  and  twisted,  so  as  to  pre- 
vent the  descent  of  any  thing  down  the  tunica 
vaginalis.     Hence  the  term. 

PuNCTUM  Sa'liens,  P.  sanguiu'eiim  sa'Uens, 
GloVulua  sanguin'eus,  Punctiis  ruher  sa'liens. 
The  first  moving  point  which  makes  its  appear- 
ance after  the  fecundation  of  the  germ.  It  has 
been  generally,  but  erroneously,  applied  to  the 
heart  of  the  embryo. 

PUNCTURA,  Paracentesis  —  p.  Aurea,  Punc- 
tum  aureum. 

PUNCTURE,  Punctu'ra,  Punc'tio,  Cente'sis, 
Pnracente'sia,  Nyxis,  from  pungere,  '  to  prick  ;' 
Tresis  Punctura,  (F.)  Piqure.  A  wound  made 
by  a  pointed  instrument,  as  a  sword,  bayonet, 
needle,  thorn,  &e.  A  puncture  is,  generally,  of 
trifling  consequence  ;  but,  sometimes,  it  becomes 
important  from  the  parts  implicated,  and  the 
after  consequences. 

PUNCT'URING.  Same  etymon.  Compunc'- 
tio,  Paracente'sis,  (F.)  Ponction.  The  operation 
of  opening,  by  means  of  a  trocar,  lancet,  <&c.,  any 
natural  or  accidental  cavity,  with  the  view  of 
evacuating  any  fluid,  eifused  or  accumulated 
therein.     Paracentesis  is  a  sort  of  puncturing. 

FUNCTUS  RUBER  SALIENS,  Punctum 
saliens. 

PUNGENT,  (F.)  Pongitif.  Pain  is  said  to  be 
pungent,  when  it  seems  as  if  a  pointed  instrument 
were  forced  into  the  suifering  part. 

PU'NICA  GRANA'TUM.  1\xq  Pomegranate, 
lihoa,  Rhoea,  Grana'tum,  3Ialograna'tum,  (F.) 
Grenadier  :  Family,  Myrtoidefe.  Sex.  Syst.  Ico- 
sandria  Monogynia.  The  rind  of  the  fruit,  called 
JIalicho'rium,  Malacorium,  or  Malicorium ;  and 
the  flowers — called  Balaustine  flotcers — are  used 
in  medicine.  They  have  been  employed  both  in- 
ternally and  externally  as  astringents.  The  seeds 
are  called  Coeco'nes,  kokkwvcs.  The  portion,  how- 
ever, of  the  plant,  that  has  attained  most  cele- 
brity, is  the  bark  of  the  root,  Grana'ti  Kadi'cis 
Cortex,  which  appears  to  be  very  eflBcacious  in 
tasnia.  It  is  given  in  decoction,  {Granat.  rad. 
cort.  ^ij;  Aqum  Oij,  boiled  to  Oiss.)  Dose,  f^ij, 
every  half  hour.  Three  or  four  doses  are  usually 
suflacient  to  expel  the  worm. 

The  bark  contains  a  peculiar  matter  called 
Grenadin. 

PUNK,  Boletus  igniarius. 

PUOGENIA,  Pyogenia. 

PUPIL,  Pnpiil'la,  Pu'pida,  Piipil'io,  Vis'io, 
Opsis,  Core,  Cora,  Rhox,  Fenes'tra  seu  Nigrum 
seu  Fora'men  Oc'uli,  Prunel'la,  Lumen ;  Glene, 
Sight  of  the  eye,  (F.)  Pupille,  Prunelle.  The 
aperture  of  the  iris,  through  which  the  rays  of 
light  pass  that  have  to  impress  the  image  of  an 
object  on  the  retina.  This  aperture  can  be  di- 
lated or  contracted  so  as  to  allow  a  greater  or 
smaller  quantity  of  luminous  rays  to  penetrate. 
The  pupil,  in  man,  is  round,  and  by  it  the  ante- 
rior and  posterior  chambers  of  the  eye  commu- 
nicate with  each  other.  In  the  foetus,  during  the 
first  six  months  of  gestation,  it  is  closed  by  the 
pupillary  membrane. 

PoPiL,  Closure  of  thr,  Synezizis. 

Pupil,  Pinhole.  A  condition  of  the  pupil  in 
typhus,  in  which  it  is  so  contracted  as  to  resem- 
ble a  pinhole.  It  indicates  a  dangerous  form  of 
brain  affection. 

PUPILLE  VELUM,  Pupillary  membrane. 

PUPILLARIS  HERBA,  Lapsana. 

PU'PILLARY,  Puinlla'ria.  That  which  be- 
longs to  the  pupil. 


Pupillary  Membrane,  Memhrasna  PiipiUa'' 
ris,  Pupil'lcB  velum,  Membra'na  Wachendoijia'na, 
The  central  aperture  of  the  iris  is  closed,  in  the 
foetus,  during  a  certain  period  of  gestation,  by  a 
very  thin  membrane.  It  disappears  in  the  seventh 
month. 

PUPPET  ROOT,  Veratrum  viride. 

PUPPIS  OS,  Frontal  bone. 

PUPULA,  Pupil. 

PU'PULiE,  A'pices  digito'rum.  The  pulps  or 
extremities  of  the  fingers. 

PURBLIND,  Myopic. 

PURBLINDNESS,  Myopia. 

PURGAMENT,  Purgative. 

PURGAMENTA,  Excrement  — p.  Alba,  Leu- 
corrhoea — p.  Infantis,  Meconium  —  p.  Puerperii, 
Lochia — p.  Uteri,  Lochia. 

PURGANS  MEDICAMENTUM,  Cathartic. 

PURGATIO,  Catharsis  — p.  Alvi,  Catharsis— 
p.  Muliebris  alba,  Leucorrhoea  —  p.  Puerperii, 
Lochia. 

PURGATION,  Catharsis. 

PURGATIONES,  Menses  — p.  Menstruse, 
Menses. 

PURGATIONS,  Menses. 

PUR'GATIVE,  Purgati'vus,  Purgnns,  Moch'- 
lieiis,  Catoret'icus,  Catoter'icus,  Cathar'tic,  Pvr'- 
gament,  Purge,  (F.)  Purgatif,  from  purgare,  'to 
cleanse.  A  medicine  which  operates  more  pow- 
erfully on  the  bowels  than  a  laxative,  stimulating 
the  muscular  coat,  and  exciting  increased  secre- 
tion from  the  mucous  coat. 

PURGE,  Purgative — p.  Root,  Euphorbia  co- 
rollata. 

PURGING,  Diarrhoea. 

PURIF'ICANS,  Puri/'inis,  from  purifcare, 
*  to  make  pure  or  clean.'     Purifying:  hence: — 

PuRiFicANTiAj  Medicincs  that  cleanse  or  pu- 
rify the  blood. 

PURIFICUS,  Purificans. 

PU'RIFORM,  Puriform'is;  from _pHS,  and /or- 
ma.     Having  the  appearance  of  pus. 

PURL.  A  medicated  malt  liquor,  in  which 
wormwood  and  aromatics  are  infused. 

PURO-HEPATITIS,  see  Hepatitis. 

PURO-MUCOUS,  Puro-muco'sus,  from  pus, 
puris,  and  mucus.  Having  the  character  or  ap- 
pearance of  pus  and  mucus. 

PURPLES,  Purpura  ha^morrhagica. 

PUR'PURA,  Por'phyra,  'a  purple  colour.' 
This  word  has  been  employed  in  many  senses. 
It  generally  means,  livid  spots  on  the  skin  from 
exti-avasated  blood,  with  languor  and  loss  of 
muscular  strength,  pains  in  the  limbs.  —  {F.) 
Pourpre. 

In  Purpura  SurPLEX,  Porphyra  simplex,  Pe- 
techia: sine  fehre,  Pelio'sis,  Phwnig'miis  Petechia' - 
lis,  Profu'sio  suhcuta'nea,  Pete'chial  Scurvy,  the 
spots  are  numerous,  but  small  and  flea-bite- 
shaped  ;  chiefly  on  the  breast,  arms,  and  legs ; 
with  paleness  of  countenance.  At  times',  the  af- 
fection is  accompanied  by  severe  pains  in  the  ex- 
tremities, constituting  Pelio'sis  rheumat'ica. 

In  Purpura  H^morrhag"ica,  Porp)hyra  hce- 
morrhagica,  Stomac'ace  universalis,  Hamorrhagia 
universa'lis,  Petechiano'sis,  Morbus  maculo'sus 
hcBmorrhag"  icus  Werlhof'ii,  Pelio'sis  hcsmor- 
rhag"ica,  Scorbu'tus,  Schorbu'tus,  Ucemorrhce'a 
petechia'lis,  Hmmatospil'ia,  Land  Scurvy,  Pur- 
ples, (F.)  Scorbut,  S.  de  Terre,  Maladie  de  Werl- 
hof,  Hemacelinose,  Peliosi  ^'emorrhagique  —  the 
spots  are  circular,  and  of  different  sizes  ;  often  in 
stripes  or  patches,  irregularly  scattered  over  the 
thighs,  arms,  and  trunk;  with  occasional  haemor- 
rhage from  the  mouth,  nostrils,  or  viscera,  ind 
great  debility  and  depression  of  spirits. 

In  Purpura  Nau'tica,  Pnrphyra  nautica, 
Scorbu'tus,  Pechytyrbe,  Gingibra'ehium,  Gingipe'» 


PURPURIC 


732 


PTCNANTHEMUM 


dium,  Scelotyr'he,  Stomac'aee,  Scorbu'fus  nau'ti- 
cus  or  Sea  scurvy,  (F.)  Scorhut,  there  are  spots  of 
different  hues,  intermixed  with  the  livid,  princi- 
pally at  the  roots  of  the  hair;  the  teeth  are 
loose ;  the  gums  are  spongy  and  bleeding ;  the 
breath  is  fetid,  and  the  debility  universal  and  ex- 
treme. This  odours  chiefly  at  sea,  after  exposure 
to  a  moist,  cold,  foul  atmosphere;  with  long  use 
of  one  kind  of  food  and  of  stagnant  water. 

All  these  varieties  of  purpura  resemble  each 
other  considerably.  In  the  first  two,  however, 
there  seems,  at  times,  to  be  some  excitement, 
which  has  led  to  the  employment  of  purgatives, 
and  even  of  bleeding,  with  advantage.  They 
are  dependent  upon  a  peculiar  diathesis,  which 
has  been  termed  Scorhu'tic  Cachex'ia,  Lues  Scor- 
bu'tica,  and  Caeochi/m'ia  Scorbu'tica.  Generally 
speaking,  the  use  of  the  mineral  acids  will  be  in- 
dicated ;  and,  in  sea  scurvy,  vegetable  acids  must 
be  regarded  as  the  best  antiscorbutics.  Nitre  is, 
also,  a  good  antiscorbutic,  and  in  cases  of  great 
prostration  it  may  be  united  with  Peruvian  bark 
or  turpentine.  Tamarinds  and  cream  of  tartar, 
made  into  drink,  are  also  serviceable.  But  the 
great  remedy  is  change  from  low  to  cheerful  spi- 
rits ;  from  filth  to  cleanliness  ;  and  from  a  cold 
and  damp,  to  a  temperate  and  dry  climate,  with 
change  of  food,  and  especially  the  use  of  green 
vegetables. 

The  general  principles  of  management  are  the 
same  in  sea,  as  in  land  scurvy. 

Purpura,  Scarlatina — p.  Alba  benigna  et  ma- 
ligna. Miliary  fever — p.  Maligna,  Petechia  —  p. 
Miliaris,  Miliary  fever — p.  Puerperarum,  Miliary 
fever — p.  Urticata,  Urticaria. 

PURPURIC  URINE,  see  Porphyruria. 

PURPURINE,  see  Porphyruria. 

PURPURISSUM,  Hydrargyri  sulphuretum 
rubrum. 

PURRING  TREMOR,  Fremissement  eataire. 

PURSE,  Scrotum  —  p.  Shepherd's,  Thlaspi 
bursa. 

PUR'SINESS,  DyspncB'a  pinguedino'sa,  (F.) 
Pousse.  Dyspnoea  accompanied  with  oppressive 
fatness.  The  word  is,  also,  applied  to  dyspnoea 
of  every  kind.  One  so  affected  is  said  to  he  pursy 
or  short-ioinded. 

PURSLAIN,  Portulaca  — p.  Milk,  Euphorbia 
corollata  —  p.  Speedwell,  Veronica  peregrina — p. 
Water,  Veronica  becCabunga. 

PURSY,  see  Pursiness. 

PURULENCE,  Pus,  Suppuration. 

PURULENCY,  Pus,  Suppuration. 

PU'RULENT,  Purulen'tus,  Em'pyos,  Pyo'des, 
Py'icus.  That  which  has  the  character  of  pus  or 
consists  of  pus ;  as  purulent  matter,  a  purulent 
collection,  &c. 

PuruIjEnt  Deposit,  Pus. 

PURULENTIA,  Suppuration. 

PURVAIN,  Verbena  officinalis. 

PUS,  Humor  purulen'tus,  Pyon,  Pyono'ma, 
Matter,  Pu'rtdent  depos'it,  Ptt'ruleiice,  Pu'rulency. 
A  secretion  from  inflamed  textures,  and  especially 
from  the  areolar  membrane.  It  is,  almost  always, 
of  the  same  nature,  whatever  may  be  the  part  it 
proceeds  from.  Pus  of  a  good  quality,  —  laudable 
pus.  Pus  bomim  seu  laudab'ile  seu  nutriti' vum  seu 
verum,  (F.)  Pus  louable, — is  of  a  yellowish-white 
colour,  opake,  inodorous,  and  of  a  creamy  ap- 
pearance. Heat,  acids,  and  alcohol  coagulate  it. 
When  analyzed  by  Schwilgu6,  it  aff'orded  albu- 
men and  water,  a  particular  extractive  substance, 
and  a  small  quantity  of  soda,  phosphate  of  lime, 
and  other  salts.  Normal  pus  consists  essentially 
of  two  distinct  parts,  pus  corpuscles  or p)ua  globules, 
and  a  colourless,  aqueous  fluid,  liquor  puris,  in 
which  the  corpuscles  are  suspended.    A  variety 


of  the  pus  corpuscles  is  described  by  M.  Lebert 
under  the  name  pyoid. 

Pus  BoNUM,  see  Pus  —  p.  Corpuscles,  see  Pua 

—  p.  Corrosivum,  Sanies  —  p.  Globules,  see  I'us 

—  p.  Laudabile,  see  Pus — p.  Louable,  see  Pus  — 
p.  Malignum,  Ichor  —  p.  Malignum,  Sanies  —  p. 
Nutritivum,  see  Pus  —  p.  Verum,  see  Pus. 

PUSILLA'TUM,  Pusula'tum,  from  pusillns, 
'  small.'     A  coarse  powder. 

PUSILLUS,  Nanus. 

PUSTULA,  Pustule  — p.  Ardens,  Eczema— p. 
Oris,  Aphthae — p.  Gangrtenosa,  see  Anthrax  —  p. 
Livida  Esthoniaj,  see  Anthrax. 

PustuLjE  Sicc^e,  Lichen. 

PUSTULAR,  Pustulous,  Piistula'ris,  Pusttdo'- 
sus.  Of  or  belonging  to  pustules.  Affected  with 
pustules. 

PUSTULA'TION,  Pustula'tio,  from  puntula, 
'  a  pustule.'     The  formation  of  pustules. 

PUSTULE,  Pus'tula,  from  pus.  Ecpye'sis, 
Ecthy'ma,  Benaih,  Bube,  Eptanas'tasis.  An  ele- 
vation of  the  cuticle,  with  an  inflamed  base,  con- 
taining pus.  Willan  and  Bateman  reckon  four 
varieties  of  pustules  :  Phlyza' cium,  Psydra'cium, 
Achor,  and  Favus.  The  variolous  pustule  is  often 
called,  by  the  French,  Grain;  by  us.  Pock. 

PUSTULE  3fALIGNE,  see  Anthrax. 

PUSTULOUS,  Pustular. 

PUSULATUM,  Pusillatum. 

PUTIUM,  Prepuce. 

PUTREDO,  Hospital  Gangrene,  Putrefaction. 

VVTREFAC'TIO'N,  PHtre/ac'tio,Putrescen'tia, 
Sepsis,  Sap'rotes,  Putrid  fermenta' tion,  Putre- 
factive fermentation,  from  piiiris,  jnitre,  'rotten,' 
and  facere,  '  to  make.'  A  decomposition,  expe- 
rienced by  animal  substances,  when  deprived  of 
life,  and  placed  under  particular  circumstances. 
The  presence  of  water  is  indispensable.  The 
temperature  most  favourable  to  it,  is  from  60°  to 
90°  of  Fahrenheit.  The  most  common  products 
of  putrefaction  are,  water,  carbonic  acid,  acetic 
acid,  ammonia,  carburetted  hydrogen,  and  a  semi- 
putrid  substance,  which  is  volatilized,  and  has  an 
infected  odour.  It  has  been  supposed  that  some- 
thing like  putrefaction  may  occur  in  the  living 
body,  as  in  ease  of  putrid  fever.  To  this  condi- 
tion, Piorry  has  given  the  name  Typhohce'mia, 
conceiving  it  to  be  owing  to  alteration  of  the 
blood  by  putrid  animal  matters.  Putrefaction 
signifies  the  state  of  becoming  putrid  :  whilst  Pu- 
tridity,  Putre'do,  Putrid'itas,  Pu'tridness,  (F.) 
Pourriture,  is  the  state  of  rottenness. 

PUTRESCENT,  Hyposaprus  —  p.  Poison,  see 
Poison. 

PUTRESCENTIA,  Putrefaction  —  p.  Uteri 
gravidi,  Hystero-malaeia. 

PUTRID,  Pu'tridus,  Sapros,  (F.)  Putride,  from 
putrere,  '  to  rot.'  An  epithet  for  some  aflTections, 
in  which  the  matters  excreted  and  the  transpira- 
tion itself  exhale  a  smell  of  putridity.  It  is  par- 
ticularly applied  to  typhus. 

PUTRIDITAS,  see  Putrefaction. 

PUTRIDITY,  see  Putrefaction. 

PUTRILA'GO,  Putror,  (F.)  Putrilage.  Samo 
etymon.  The  pultaceous  matter  or  slough,  which 
forms  in  certain  gangrenous  and  other  ulcers, 
and  is  thrown  off. 

PUTROR,  Putrilage. 

PUTZOCHILL,  see  Myroxylon  Peruiferum. 

PYiE'MIA,  Pyohaimia. 

PYARTH'RUM,  from  nvov,  'pus,'  and  apBpov, 
'joint.'     A  suppurated  joint. 

PYCNAN'THEMUM  INCA'NUM,  Common 
Mountain  Mint,  Wild  Basil.  An  indiijenous  plant 
of  the  mint/am)7y  —  Labiatue — which  flowers  in 
August.  It  has  the  aromatic  properties  of  the 
mints. 


PTCNICMASTICA 


'33 


PYRAMID 


Pi-CNAx'themum  Linifo'lium,  Virginia  Thyme, 
has  like  virtues. 
PYCNICMASTICA,  Incrassantia. 
PYCNOSIS,  Inspissatio. 
PYCNOTICA,  Incrassantia. 
PYEC'CHYSIS,  from  tvov,  'pus,'  and  eKx^yi?, 
'  effusion.'     An  effusion  of  pus. 

PYELI'TIS,  from  TzveXog,  '  pelvis,'  and  itis,  de- 
noting inflammation.  Inflammation  of  the  pelvis 
and  ealices  of  the  kidney. 

PYELOMETER,  Pelvimeter. 
PYELONEPHRI'TIS,    from  rrveXo?,    'pelvis,' 
vsiipog,  'kidney,'  and  itis,  denoting  inflammation. 
Inflammation  of  the  kidney,  and  of  the  pelvis  and 
ealices. 

PYELOS,  Pelvis. 
PYEMESIS,  Pyoemesis. 
PYESIS,  Suppuration. 
PYETIA,  Colostrum. 
PYGE,  Nates. 
PYGM^US,  Pygmy. 
PYGME,  Fist,  Forearm. 
P  YGMEE,  Pygmy. 

PYGMY,  Pigmy,  Pypmce'iiH,  (F.)  Pygmee,  from 
KVYinn,  'the  fist;  as  big  as  the  fist.'  A  dwarf. 
The  Pygmsei  wctc  a  fabulous  nation  of  dwarfs  in 
the  extreme  pai>ts  of  India;  or,  according  to 
others,  in  Ethiopia. 

PYGODID'YMUS,  Did'ymus  symphyoperina'- 
vs,  Pygop'agei,  from  5n.'y»7,  'the  nates,'  and  iiiv- 
fiog,  'a  twin.'    A  monstrosity,  in  which  twins  are 
united  by  the  sacrum  and  coccyx. 
PYGOPAGES,  Pygodidymus. 
PYIGUS,  Purulent. 
PYLE,  Porta. 

PYLEMPHRAX'IS,  from  -v\v,  'porta,'  'a 
gate,'  and  tjx<ppa^ii,  '  obstruction.'  Obstruction  of 
the  vena  portse. 

PYLOR'IC,  Pylor'iciw.  Same  etymon  as  py- 
lorus. That  which  relates  to  the  pylorus.  An 
epithet  given  to  different  parts. 

Pyloric  Artery,  Arte'ria  Corona'ria  dextra, 
(F.)  Petite  artere  gastrique  droite,  arises  from  the 
hepatic,  and  is  distributed  to  the  pylorus  and  to 
the  lesser  curvature  of  the  stomach,  anastomosing, 
particularly,  with  the  A.  coronaria  ventriculi  and 
A.  gastro-epiploica  dextra. 

Pyloric  Vein  follows  the  same  distribution  as 
the  artery. 

PYLO'RUS,  Jan'itor,  Porfona'rium,  from  ttoXj?, 
'a  gate,'  und  ovpog,  'a  guardian.'  Os'fium  ven- 
tric'uli  duodena'le  seu  pylor'icum  seu  dextrum  seu 
infe'rius,  Orific"iiim  dextrum  seu  inferius  seu 
Egres'aus  seu  Osinfe'riua  ?.&\\.An'nidus  senSpJiinc- 
ter  ventri' culi,  Ostia'riui!,  Hostin'rius,  (F.)  Pylore. 
The  lower  or  right  orifice  of  the  stomach — Orifice 
intestinal  (Ch.)  —  is  called  Pylorus,  because  it 
closes  the  entrance  into  the  intestinal  canal,  and 
is  furnished  with  a  circular,  flattened,  fibro-mu- 
cous  ring,  which  occasions  the  total  closure  of 
the  stomach  during  digestion  in  that  organ.  This 
ring  has  been  called  the  Vahe  of  the  Pylorus, 
Sphincter  Pylo'ri,  Pylo'rus  propria  sic  dictus,  (F.) 
Valvide  du  pylore.  It  is  a  fold  of  the  mucous 
and  muscular  membranes  of  the  stomach ;  and 
is  the  Pyloric  muscle  of  some  authors. 
PYOBLEiSrXICUS,  Mucopurulent. 
PYOBLENNORRHCE'A,  from  ruor,  'pus,' 
0'\zvva,  '  mucus,' and /)£M,  '  I  flow.'  A  discharge 
of  puriform  mucus. 

PYOCENO'SIS,  from  wov,  'pus,'  and  kivwcl^, 
'evacuation.'     Evacuation  of  pus. 

PYOCHEZ'IA,  Diarrhoe'a  purnlen'ta,  from 
trvov,  '  pus,'  and  ;^£^c<),  '  I  go  to  stool.'  Discharge 
of  pus  by  stool.     Purulent  diarrhcea. 

PYOCCE'LIA,  Asci'tee  purulen'tua,  from  -nvov, 


'pus,    and  KotAio,  '  the  belly.'    Pus  ^n  the  abdo- 
minal cavity. 

PYOCYSTIS,  Vomica. 
PYODES,  Purulent. 

PYCEDE'MA,  from  tvov,  'pus,'  and  oiSviia, 
'swelling.'  Tumefaction  of  the  surface  owing 
to  effusion  of  pus. 

PYOEM'ESIS,  Pyem'esis,  Ynm'itus pxirulentua, 
from  n-uov,  'pus,'  and  eixtcts,  'the  act  of  vomiting.' 
Vomiting  of  pus. 

PYOGENESIS,  Pyogenia. 

PYOGEN'IA,  Puogen'ia,  Pyogen'esis,  Pyopoe'- 
sis,  from  ttvov,  'pus,'  and  yivcirtg,  'generation.' 
Generation  of  pus.  The  theory  or  mechanism  of 
the  formation  of  pus.  Some  have  believed  that 
pus  is  formed  by  the  arterial  system,  and  is  de- 
posited, by  way  of  excretion,  in  the  inflamed 
parts  ;  others,  that  it  is  formed  by  the  destruction 
of  solid  parts.  These  opinions  are,  however,  in- 
admissible ;  and  pus  is  now  regarded  as  mainly 
the  product  of  a  particular  secretion  in  the  dis- 
eased part. 

ProGENiA  CoRROSiTA,  Ulceration — p.  Simplex, 
Suppuration. 

PYOGEN'IC,  Pyogen'icvs.  Same  etymon. 
Having  relation  to  the  formation  of  pus. 

PYOHJi'MIA,  Pya'mia,  from  ttvov,  '  pus,'  and 
'aifia,  '  blood.'     Alteration  of  the  blood  by  pus. 

PYOID  CORPUSCLES  or  GLOBULES,  see 
Pus. 

PYOME'TR  A,  P.  pnrulen'ta,  from  ttvov,  '  pus,' 
and  pivrpa,  '  womb.'  A  collection  of  pus  in  tha 
uterus. 

Pyometra  Purtjlenta,  Pyometra. 
PYON,  Pus. 

PYONEPERITE,  see  Nephritis. 
PYONOMA,  Pus. 
PYOOTORRHCEA,  Otirrhoea. 
PYOPERICAR'DIA,    Pyopericar'divm,   from 
TTVOV,  '  pus,'  TTtpi,  '  about,'  and  Kapiia,  '  the  heart.' 
A  collection  of  pus  in  the  pericardium. 

PYOPHTHALMIA,  Hypopyon  — p.  Neonato- 
rum, see  Ophthalmia  (purulenta  infantum). 
PYOPLEURITE,  Empyema. 
PYOPOESIS,  Pyogenia. 

PYOP'TYSIS,  from  ttvov,  'pus,' and  rrrvu,  'I 
spit.'     Spitting  of  pus. 

PYORRHAG"IA,  from  ttuov,  'pus,'  tmd  payn, 
'  violent  rupture.'  A  sudden  discharge  of  a  large 
collection  of  matter. 

PYORRHCE'A,  from  ttvov,  'pus,'  and  pru,  'I 
flow.'     A  discharge  of  pus. 

Pyorrhosa  Alvina,  Pyoehezia — p.  Aurium, 
Otirrhoea  —  p.  Nasalis,  O'zcena  —  p.  Palpebras, 
Blepharopyorrhoea — p.  Urinalis,  Pyuria — p.  Vi- 
arum  lacrymalium,  Dacryopyon-hosa. 

PYOSIS,  Hypopyon,  Pterygion,  Suppuration 
—  p.  Pectoris,  Empyema. 

PYOTHORAX  VERUS,  Empyema. 
PYOTORRHEE,  Otorrhcea. 
PYOTURIA,  Pyuria. 
PYR,  Fever. 

PYRA,  Anthrax — p.  Crustumina,  Crustnmina- 
tum — p.  Crustumeriua,  Crustuminatum. 

PYR'AMID,  Pyr'amis,  Eminen'tia  pyranuda'- 
lis  tyrn'pani,  from  vvp,  'flame,'  which  has  a  coni- 
cal appearance.  (?)  A  small  bony  projection  in 
the  cavity  of  the  tympanum,  which  is  excavated, 
to  lodge  the  muscle  of  the  stapes.  Also,  the 
Centre-pin  of  the  trephine.  Also,  a  small,  ob- 
tusely pointed  eminence  of  the  inferior  vermiform 
process  of  the  cerebellum. 

Pyramid,  see  Calumba — p.  of  Malacarne,  Ver- 
miform process,  inferior. 


P  YRAMIDAL 


734 


PYROSIS 


PYRAMIDAL  BE  U ABDOMEN,  Pyrami- 
dalis  abdominis  —  p.  de  la  Cuisse,  Pyramidalis  — 
J),  du  Nez,  Pyramidalis  nasi — p.  Stapedien,  Sta- 
pedius. 

PYRAMIDALE,  (OS,)  Cuneiform,  (bone.) 
.  PYRAMIDA'LIS  ABDOM'INIS,  Mm'culus 
Fallo'ijii  vel  siiccentiiria'tua  vel  auxilia'rhia,  (F.) 
Pubio-ombilical,  Puhio-soua-umbilical,  (Ch.,)  Py- 
ramidal de  V abdomen.  A  small,  fleshy,  pyrami- 
dal fasciculus,  whose  existence  is  not  constant; 
and  which  is  inserted,  by  its  base,  into  the  upper 
part  of  the  pubis,  and  terminates,  by  its  summit, 
at  the  inferior  part  of  the  linea  alba.  When  it 
contracts,  it  stretches  the  linea  alba. 

Pyramida'lis,  p.  Fem'oris,  Ili'aeiis  exfer'nus, 
Pyriform'ts,  Piriformis,  Primus  et  siqierior  quad- 
rigem'inns,  (F.)  Sacro-trochanterien  (Ch.),  Py- 
ramidal de  la  cuisse.  A  flat,  triangular  muscle, 
situate  at  the  posterior  part  of  the  pelvis.  By  its 
base,  it  is  attached  to  tlie  anterior  surface  of  the 
sacrum  ;  to  the  corresponding  surface  of  the  great 
sacro-sciatic  ligament  and  to  th#  posterior  part 
of  the  ilium.  It  terminates  by  a  tendon,  which 
is  attached  to  the  inner  surface  of  the  great  tro- 
chanter. This  muscle  is  a  rotator  of  the  thigh 
outwards,  or  of  the  pelvis  in  an  opposite  direction. 

Pyramidalis  Femoris,  Pyramidalis. 

Pyramida'lis  Nasi,  Proc"erus  nasi,  Nasiim 
dila'tans,  (F.)  Pronto  nasal  (Ch.),  Pyramidal  du 
nez.  A  thin,  triangular  muscle,  which  has  its 
summit  upwards.  Above,  it  is  continuous  with 
the  occipito-frontalis.  It  descends  vertically  be- 
fore the  root  of  the  nose,  on  which  it  terminates; 
becoming  confounded  with  the  transversalis. 
This  muscle  wrinkles  the  skin  of  the  root  of  the 
nose  transversely,  and  stretches  that  which  covers 
the  tip. 

PYRAMIDES,  Corpora  pyramidalia. 

PYRAMTIDES  ANTERIEURES,  Corpora 
pyramidalia — p.  Ferreini,  Ferrein,  pyramids  of 
— p.  Malpighianse,  Papillae  of  the  kidney — p.  Pos- 
terieures  du  eervelet,  Corpora  restiformia. 

PYRAMIDS  OF  MALPIGHI,  Papillae  of  the 
kidney — p.  Posterior,  Corpora  restiformia  —  p. 
of  Wistar,  Sphenoidal  cornua. 

PYRAMIS,  Penis,  Pyramid— p.  CochleEe,  Mo- 
diolus— ^p.  Trigona,  see  Temporal  bone. 

PYRC^A,  Incendium. 

PYREC'TICA,  'febrile;'  from  Trvptro?,  'fever.' 
Fevers  :  the  first  order  in  the  class  Hmmatica  of 
Good. 

PYRENOIDES,  Odontoid. 

PYRETHRE,  Anthemis  pyrethrum. 

PYRETHRUM,  Anthemis  pyrethrum,  Urtica 
— p.  Parthenium,  Matricaria  parthenium — p.  Syl- 
vestre,  Achillea  ptarmica. 

PYRETICO'SIS,  from  -rvp,  'fire,'  mptTo;, 
'fever;'  Jforhus  febri'lis.     A  febrile  a^ection. 

PYRETICUS,  Febrifuge. 

PYRETOGRAPH'IA,  from  nvperog,  'fever,' 
and  ypa'prj,  'a  description.'  A  description  of 
fever. 

PYRBTOL'OGY,  Pyretolo(j"ia,  from  Trvpero;, 
'fever,' and  Aoyo?,  ' a  discourse.'  Pyrol'or/y.  A 
treatise  on  fevers.  A  title  sometimes  given  to  a 
monograph  on  fever. 

PYRETOS,  Fever. 

PYRETOTYPOSIS,  Intermittent. 

PYREX'IA,  Pyrex'is.  Same  etymon  as  the 
next.  Fever.  The  febrile  condition.  Also,  a 
l>aroxysra  of  fever  —  Paroxysmua  febri'lis. 

PYREX'IJ3,  from  rtvp,  '  fire.'  Febrile  diseases. 
The  first  class  of  Cullen's  Nosology. 

PYRI  MARTIALES,  Ferrum  tartarizatum. 

PYRIA,  Fomentation,  Vaporarium. 


PYRIATERIUM,  Vaporarium. 

PYRICAUSTUM,  Burn. 

PYRIFORMIS,  Pyramidalis. 

PYRIPH'LEGES,  ■nvpKp'Xtyni,  from  wp,  '  fire, 
and  (p\tyhi,  '  I  burn.'  One  who  has  a  burning 
fever. 

PYRITES,  IRON,  Ferri  sulphuretum. 

PYRMONT,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  A 
celebrated  mineral  spring,  on  the  Weser,  in  West- 
phalia, four  leagues  from  Hamelet.  The  waters 
are  tonic,  and  contain  chlorides  of  sodium  and 
magnesium,  sulphates  of  soda  and  magnesia,  and 
carbonates  of  iron,  lime,  and  magnesia  dissolved 
in  carbonic  acid,  with' some  resinous  principles. 
It  is  a  highly  carbonated  chalybeate. 

ARTiric"iAL  Pyrmont  Water  may  be  formed 
of  Epsom  salt,  gr.  xv ;  common  salt,  gr.  v ;  mag- 
nesia, gr.  x;  iron-filings,  gr.  v;  water,  Oiij.  Im- 
pregnated with  the  gas  from  marble-powder  and 
sulphnrio  acid,  aa  3^ij. 

PYRCENUS,  Spiritus  rectifieatus. 

PYR'OLA,  P.rotundifo'lia,  Round-leaved  Win- 
fergreen.  Order,  Pyrolacese.  This  plant  was  once 
used  as  a  gentle  astringent  and  tonic. 

Pyr'ola  Macula'ta,  Spotted  Pipsis'sewo, 
Spotted  Wintergreen,  Whiteleaf',  White  Pipsisse- 
wa.  King  cure,  Ground  holly.  Rheumatism  weed, 
&c.,  has  similar  properties. 

Pyrola  Umbella'ta,  Chitnaph'ila  vel  Chi- 
moph'ila  ximbella'ta,  0.  Corymbo'sa,  Ground-hoUy, 
Pipsissewa,  Wintergreen,  Rheumatism  weed,Herije 
a  pisser  (Canada).  This  common  American  plant 
is  allied  to  the  uva  ursi,  in  botanical  as  well  as 
medical  qualities.  It  is  tonic  and  diiiretie.  Tbo 
bruised  leavep  irritate  the  skin.  From  the  de- 
coction or  infusion  an  agreeable  beverage  may 
be  formed  by  adding  sugar,  ginger  to  flavour  it, 
and  yeast  to  produce  fermentation.  Under  the 
name  Pipsis'sewa  Beer  it  has  been  used  in  scro- 
fulous affections. 

PYROLEUM  OSSIUM  RECTIFICATUM. 
Oleum  animale  Dippelii. 

PYROLIG'NEOUS  ACID,  Ac>'idvm  py- 
roace'tieum,  A.  pyroligno' sum  seu  pyroxyl'ietim, 
A.  ligni  pyro-oleo'sum,  A.  ace'ticum  empyreu- 
mat'icum,  A.  lig'neum,  Pyrolig'nic  acid,  (F.) 
Acide  pyrolignexix,  Vinaigre  de  bois.  An  acid, 
obtained  by  distillation,  from  wood,  coal,  &<'., 
which  was  once  believed  to  be  of  a  peculiar  cha- 
racter. It  is  now  known  to  be  formed  of  acetie 
acid  and  an  empyreumatic  oil,  from  which  it  may 
be  freed ;  and,  in  this  state,  is  sold  in  commerce 
for  Acetiim  distillatum.  It  is  used  for  similar 
purposes  as  distilled  vinegar,  and  for  preserving 
animal  substances.  It  has  also  been  used  as  an 
antiseptic  in  gangrene  and  sphacelus,  and  to  foul 
ulcers  ;  wherever  indeed  creasote  is  indicated. — 
The  dose  of  the  impure  p3'roligneous  acid  inter- 
nally is  from  five  to  thirty  drops,  three  or  four 
times  ii  day. 

PYROMA'NIA,  Incen' diary  monoma'nia,  from 
TTvp,  '  fire,'  and  mania.  Insanity,  with  an  irre- 
sistible desire  to  destroy  by  fire. 

PYROPII'AGUS,  lyniv'orus,  from  irvp,  'fire.' 
and  0«y(<),  'I  eat.'  One  who  eats  fire.  A  juggler, 
who  eats  bodies  in  a  state  of  ignition. 

PYROS,  Tritieum. 

PYRO'SIS,  from  irvp,  'fire,'  'the  act  of  bun;-. 
ing.'  Ptyalis'mus  pyros'icus,  Limo'sis  cardinl'gia 
sputato'ria,  Ardor  stom'achi,  A.  ventric'idi,  Car- 
dial'gia  sjiutatoria,  Pyrosis  Suec"ica,  Apoccno'sia 
vom'itus  pyrosis,  Dyspepsia  pyrosis,  Cniamorcg'- 
mia,  Ebullit"io  stom'achi,  Orex'is  (of  some),  Wa- 
terbrash,  Waterqualm,  Black-water,  (F.)  Ardew 
de  Vestomac,  Fcr  chand,  Gremason,  Soda,  Gor- 
gosact.  This  affection  consists  of  a  hot  sensation 
in  the  stomach,  with  eructations  cf  an  acrid, 
burning  liquid,  that  causes  a  distressing  sensa- 


PYROSOPHIA 


735 


QUANDROS 


tion  in  the  parts  over  which  it  passes.  Attention 
to  diet,  and  the  use  of  bitter  absorbents,  will 
usually  relieve,  when  the  disease  is  functional. 
Occasionally,  it  is  symptomatic  of  organic  disease 
of  the  stomach. 

Pyrosis  also  signified,  of  old,  inflammation, 
gangrene,  and  a  burn. 

Pyrosis  Sdecica,  Pyrosis. 

PYROSOPHIA,  Chymistry. 

PYROTECHNIA,  Chymistry. 

PYROTECHN Y,  Pyrotech'ne,  from  rrup,  '  fire,' 
and  Ttxvrir  'art.'  Art  of  making  fire-works,  &c. 
Also,  chymistry.  M.  Percy  has  used  the  term 
Pyrotechnie  Ohinirgicale  for  the  art  of  applying 
fire  or  the  actual  cautery  in  surgery. 

PYROTHONIDE,  from  rup,  '  fire,'  and  oOovr,, 
'linen.'  Liquor  pyro-oleo'sua  e  lin'teo  para'tus. 
A  kind  of  pyrogenous  or  empyreumatic  oil,  pro- 
duced by  the  combustion  of  textures  of  hemp, 
linen,  or  cotton  in  a  copper  vessel.  The  brown 
product  is  acid.  Its  medical  properties  probably 
resemble  those  of  creasote.  Diluted  with  three 
or  four  times  its  weight  of  water,  it  has  been  used 
as  a  gargle  in  cynanche  tonsillaris,  but  is  not 
flow  employed. 

It  is  said,  also,  to  be  a  popular  remedy  for 
t-oothach  and  skin  diseases.  When  prepared  from 
rags,  it  is  called  Mag  oil;  when  from  paper,  Pa- 
per oil. 

PYROTICDS,  Caustic. 

PYRUS  CYDO'NIA,  Cydo'nia  malifor'mis  seu 
vulga'ris,  Sorhus  Cydo'nia,  Oydo'nia,  Coto'nia, 
Quince  Tree,  (F.)  Coignasaier.  Family,  Rosacese. 
Sex.  Syst.  Icosandria  Pentagynia.  The  fruit  is 
termed  Cydo'niuni  malum,  Malum  canum,  JIfalum 
coto'iieum,  Melum  cydo'nixim,  Quince,  (F.)  Coign. 


Quince-seeds  —  Cydo'nium  (Ph.  U.  S.  1851) — are 
sometimes  used  in  decoction  as  a  demulcent.  Th« 
fruit  makes  a  pleasant  preserve. 

Pyrus  Domestica,  Sorbus  domestica. 

PyR0S  Malus,  Malus,  M.  dasyphyl'la  seu  com- 
mu'nis  seu  aylves'tris,  Sorhus  malus,  ilelea,  the 
Apple  Tree,  (F.)  Pommier.  The  apple  —  CF.) 
Pomme — is  an  agreeable  fruit  when  ripe.  When 
unripe,  it  disagrees,  especially  with  those  of  weak 
digestive  powers.  The  same  may  be  said  of  the 
pear,  (F.)  Poire;  the  fruit  of  the  Pyrus  commii'- 
nis,  Apios,  P.  Sorbus,  P.  Sati'va,  (F.)  Poirier. 

Apple  Brandy  is  a  spirituous  liquor  obtained 
from  the  juice  of  the  apple,  and  much  used  in  the 
United  States. 

PYTIA,  Colostrum. 

PYTISMA,  Sputum,  Sperm. 

PYUL'CON,  from  ttvov,  'pus,'  and  's\kw,  'I 
extract.'  (F.)  •Tire-pus.  A  surgical  instrument 
for  extracting  pus  from  any  cavity.  Many  pyulca 
have  been  employed,  all  of  which  act  as  exhausting 
syringes. 

PYU'RIA,  Pyotu'ria,  Pyorrhoe'a  urina'lis,  from. 
TTVOV,  'pvis,'  and  ovpov,  'urine.'  Discharge  of  pu- 
rulent urine :  a  symptom  which  occurs  in  many 
diseases ;  particularly  in  cases  of  renal  calculi, 
and  in  organic  affections  of  the  bladder.  It  re- 
ceives various  epithets,  according  to  the  part 
whence  the  pus  proceeds :  —  as  Pyuria  urethra'iis, 
P.  rena'lis,  and  P.  vesica'lis. 

Pyuria  Chylosa,  Chyluria  —  p.  Lactea,  Chy- 
luria  —  p.  Mucosa,  Cystirrhcea  —  p.  Serosa,  Cys- 
tirrhcea  —  p.  Viscida,  Cystirrhcea. 

PYXIS,  -tfij.  A  box ;  a  pill-box.  Also,  on 
emollient  ointment.  —  Aetius,  and  Paulus. 

Pyxis,  Boite,  see  Cotyloid. 


Q. 


Q.,  see  Abbreviation. 

QUABEBE,  Piper  cubeba. 

QUACK,  Charlatan. 

QUACK-MEDICINE,  Arcanum. 

QUACKSALVER,  Charlatan. 

QUADPiANS,  Quarfa  pars  librcB.  A  quarter 
of  a  pound.     Three  ounces  (Troy). 

QUADRANTAL,  Amphora. 

QUADRATUS,  Depressor  labii  inferioris  —  q. 
Dorsi,  Q.  lumborum. 

Quadra'tus  Fem'oris,  Quadratus,  from  qua- 
dra, '  a  square.'  Quartxis  quadrigem'inus  quad- 
ratus, (F.)  Tuber-ischio-trochanterien  (  Ch. ),  /»- 
chio-sous-trochanterien,  Carre  de  la  Cuisse.  A 
muscle  situate  at  the  posterior  and  upper  part  of 
the  thigh.  It  is  thin,  flat,  and  quadrilateral, 
and  is  attached  to  the  outer  part  of  the  tuberosity 
of  the  ischium  ;  whence  it  proceeds  transversely 
to  the  inferior  part  of  the  posterior  margin  of  the 
great  trochanter.  It  rotates  the  limb,  turning 
the  toe  outwards. 

Quadratus  GbNjE,  Platysma  myoides — q.  Ra- 
dii, Pronator  radii  quadratus. 

Quadratus  Lumbo'rum,  Quadratus  seu  Lum- 
ba'ris  extern  us,  Flectens  par  lumbo'rum,  Quadra'- 
tus dorsi,  (F.)  Ilio-costal,  (Ch.)  Eio-lombi-costal, 
Carre  des  lombes.  A  flat,  somewhat  thick,  irre- 
gularly quadrilateral  muscle,  situate  in  the  loins, 
at  the  sides  of  the  vertebral  column.  It  is  at- 
tached, below,  to  the  crista  ilii  and  ilio-lumbar 
ligament;  and  above,  to  the  inferior  margin  of 
the  last  rib ;  and  besides,  to  the  base  of  the  trans- 


verse processes  of  the  last  four  lumbar  vertebrae. 
This  muscle  inclines  the  loins  to  its  sidej  de- 
presses the  last  rib,  and  is  thus  a  muscle  of  respi- 
ration.    It  can  also  raise  the  hip. 

QUADRIGEM'INA  TUBER'CULA,  Eminen'- 
ti(B  Quadrigem'ineB  seu  Bigem'ince,  Optic  Lobes, 
Optic  Ganglia,  Pons  Syl'vii,  Cor'p>ora  quadri- 
gem'ina.  Abates  et  Testes,  Cor^2>ora  higem'ina,  (F.) 
Tubercles  quadrijumeaux,  Eminences  bigeminles. 
Four  medullary  tubercles,  situate  at  the  posterior 
surface  of  the  tuber  annulare.  They  are  white, 
externally;  gray,  internally;  oblong:  rounded; 
connected  by  pairs,  and  separated  by  two  grooves, 
which  divide  them  crucially.  Of  these  tubercles 
—  the  superior,  called  nates,  Tuber'cula  anterio'ra, 
Glu'tia,  are  larger  and  more  prominent  than  the 
lower,  called  testes,  Tuber'cula  posterio'ra.  The 
pineal  gland  corresponds  exactly  to  the  point 
of  intersection  of  the  two  furrows  that  separate 
them. 

QUADRIGEMINUS  PRIMUS  ET  SUPE- 
RIOR, Pyramidalis — q.  Quadratus  quartus,  Qufi- 
dratus  femoris  —  q.  Secundus  et  tertius,  Isehio- 
trochanterianus. 

QUADROON,  see  Mulatto— q.  Black,  see  Ma- 
latto. 

QUAFADIL,  Melanthium  Virginicum. 

QUAHOIL,  Cacao. 

QUAIL,  Tetrao  coturnix. 

QUAMASH,  EASTERN,  Scilla  esculsnta. 

QUANDROS.  Ancient  name  for  a  precious 
stone,  believed  to  exist  in  the  brain  of  the  vul 


QUASANTIXE 


736 


QUINIA 


tare ;  and  to  wTiich  was  attributed  the  property 
of  augmenting  the  secretion  of  milk,  and  pre- 
eerving  from  deadly  accidents.  No  such  stone 
exists. 

QUAR'AK'TINE,  Quar'enfine,  Quarentaine, 
from  (I.)  Quarauii'na,  itself  from  quaranta,' forty .' 
(P.)  Quarantaine.  The  time  during  which  tra- 
vellers, returning  from  a  country  where  the  plague 
or  any  other  pestilential  disease  exists,  are  com- 
pelled to  remain  on  board  ship  or  in  a  lazaretto. 
They,  as  well  as  the  ship,  are  said  '  to  perform 
quarantine.'  Quarantine  is  sometimes  extended 
beyond  forty  days,  whilst  its  duration  is  fre- 
quently much  less.  It  is  sometimes  enforced  by 
land ;  for  example,  when  contagious  diseases  re- 
quire the  establishment  of  cordons  sanitaires,  and 
when  persons  are  desirous  of  leaving  infected  dis- 
tricts. During  quarantine,  no  communication  is 
allowed  between  the  travellers  and  the  inhabit- 
ants of  the  country.  Quarantine  is  a  great  im- 
pediment to  commerce;  and  is,  doubtless,  very 
frequently  enforced  when  there  is  but  little  dan- 
ger of  contagion.  The  evils,  however,  that  might 
arise  from  the  introduction  of  a  widely-spreading 
contagious  disease,  are  so  disastrous,  as  to  induce 
legislators  to  maintain  these  laws  in  perhaps  an 
unnecessary  degree  of  rigour. 

QUARTAN,  '  of  or  belonging  to  the  fourth.' 
Quarts' na  Fehris,  An'etus  Quarta'nus,  Tctartce'ns, 
Qaartan  Ague,  (F.)  Quarte.  An  intermittent,  the 
paroxysms  of  which  recur  every  fourth  day, 
leaving  between  them  two  daj's'  interval.  AVe 
speak  also  of  the  Quartan  Tjjpe,  A  Double  Quar- 
tan is  one  in  which  one  paroxysm  occurs  on  the 
third  and  another  on  the  second  day,  so  that 
there  is  only  one  day  of  apyrexia  and  two  of 
paroxysms  in  succession  ;  —  the  paroxysms  of 
every  fourth  day  resembling  each  other.  A  Tri- 
ple  Quartan  is  one  in  which  there  is  a  paroxysm 
every  day;  and  on  every  three  days  the  paroxysms 
correspond.  A  redouh'ling  or  repeating  quartan, 
(F.)  Fievre  quarte  doublee,  is  one  in  which  there 
are  two  paroxysms  every  fourth  day.  See  Inter- 
mittent. 

QUARTANUS  REMITTEXS,  Tetartophia. 

QUARTA'RIUS.  An  ancient  measure,  equal 
t)  one-fourth  of  the  sextarius.  See  Weights  and 
Measures. 

QUARTE,  Quartan. 

QUARTERON,  see  Mulatto  —  q.  Black,  see 
Mulatto. 

QUARTIO,  Astragalus. 

QUARTI-STERNAL,  Quadristerna'lis.  The 
fourth  osseous  portion  of  the  sternum,  correspond- 
ing to  the  fourth  intercostal  space. —  Beclard. 

QUASSATIO,  Conquassation. 

QUASSATURA,  Conquassation. 

QUAS'SIA,  Quassia  ama'ra,  Quassy,  Quassia 
excel'sa,  Picra'nti  excel'sa,  Febrif'ugum  lignum, 
Lofty  Bitterwood  Tree,  Bitter-ash,  (F.)  Quassie. 
A  West  India  tree,  from  which  is  obtained  the 
Lignum  Quassia,  Quassia,  (Ph.  U.  S.)  It  is  an 
intensely  durable  bitter,  without  astringency ; 
and  has  been  employed  as  a  tonic  and  stomachic. 
It  is  generally  given  in  the  form  of  infusion.  The 
bitter  principle  is  called  Quaasin. 

-QaASSiA  Simarod'ba,  Simarouha,  Simaruba, 
S.  officina'lis,  Euon'ymus,  Bitter  Simaruba,  Moun- 
taiti  Damson.  The  bark  of  the  Simarouba  is 
bitter,  and  not  unpleasant.  Both  water  and  al- 
cohol extract  its  virtues.  It  is  not  astringent. 
It  is  exhibited  wherever  a  simple  tonic  is  required. 

QUASSIN,  see  Quassia. 

QUATERNIO,  Astragalus. 

QUATRE  EPICES,  see  Myrtus  pimenta. 

QUATRIO,  Astragalus. 

QUEASINESS,  Nausea. 


QUEEN'S  DELIGHT,  Stillingia  — q.   of  the 
Meadows,  Spiraea  ulmaria — q.  Root,  Stillingia. 
QUERCINI  HERBA,  Lichen  plieatus. 
QUERCULA  MINOR,  Teucrium  chamsedrys. 
QUERCUS  ALBA,  the  White  Oak;  QtiERcrs 
RoBUR,  the  Common   Oak;    Q.   Tincto'ria,   the 
Black  Oak;   Q.  RUBRA  monta'ka,   the  Red  Oah 
or  Spanish  Oak ;  Family,  Amentaceae  ;  Sex.  Syst, 
Monoecia  Polyandria;  (F.)  Ch^ne.     The  bark  of 
all  these  varieties  is,  probably,  alike  in  medicinal 
properties.    It  is  powerfully  astringent  and  tonic, 
and  has  been  used  internally  in  intermittents,  and 
externally  in  decoction,  as  an  astringent  wash, 
where  such  is  indicated. 

Acorns,  Oeces,  Niices  Qnercuo,  (F.)  Glands, 
were  at  one  time  much  used  as  food  :  and  a  de- 
coction of  them  was  once  recommended  in  dys- 
enterj'  and  diarrhosa,  in  glandular  obstruction?, 
&c.  A  pessary  made  of  them  has  been  advised 
in  immoderate  flow  of  the  menses.  They  are  not 
now  used. 

QuERCus  Infecto'ria.  a  tree  of  Asia  Minor, 
which  affords  Turkey  Galls,  Nut  Galls,  Galla- 
Tur'ciccB,  G.  Querci'noB,  G.  Tincto' ricB,  Kux  Galla., 
Galla  max'ima  orbicula'ta,  Cicis,  Cassenoles,  Gal- 
la, Galls,  Gall-nut,  (F.)  Noix  de  Galle.  The  iint- 
gall — Galla  (Ph.  U.  S.) — is  a  morbid  protuberance 
or  tubercle,  produced  by  the  puncture  of  the  Di- 
pilo'lepis  GallcB  Tincto'rim  or  Cynips  Quercdx 
folii.  It  is  powerfully  astringent  and  tonic,  and 
has  been  employed  in  diarrhoea,  intestinal  hemor- 
rhage, and  intermittents :  but  is  chiefly  used, 
externally,  in  gargles  and  injections.  The  pow- 
der, made  into  an  ointment  with  lard,  is  used  in 
piles. 

QuERcrs  Coccifera,  see  Kermes — q.  Marina, 
Fucus  vesiculosus — q.  Suber,  sec  Suber. 

QUEUE  DE  CHEVAL,  Cauda  equina,  see 
Medulla  spinalis — q.  de  la  Moelle  epiniere,  Cauda 
equina — q.  de  Pourcenu,  Peucedanum. 

QUICK-IN-THE-HAND,  Impatiens. 

QUICKEN  TREE,  Sorbus  acupnria. 

QUICK'ENING,  from  Sax.  cnirenr.  •  "  <^-'Ve 
alive.'     The  period  of  gestation  when  ii  .li>u 

of  the  foetus  first  becomes  perceptible.  This  usu- 
ally occurs  about  the  eighteenth  week,  and  was 
at  one  time  erroneously  believed  to  mark  the 
time  at  which  the  fcetus  becomes  alive — Animu'- 
tio  fo'tits.  It  need  scarcely  be  said,  that  it  pos- 
sesses the  principle  of  life  from  the  moment  of 
the  union  of  the  materials  furnished  by  the  sexes 
at  a  fecundating  copulation.  When  the  motion 
is  felt,  the  female  is  said  to  be  'quick  with  child.' 

QUICKENS,  Triticum  repens. 

QUICKLIME.  Calx  viva. 

QUICKSILVER,  Hydrargyrum. 

QUIES,  Acinesia. 

QUINA,  Quinine — q.  Quina,  Cinchona. 

QUIN^  ACETAS,  SULPHAS,  Ac,  see  Qm- 
nise  Acetas,  <te. 

QUINCE,  see  Pyrus  cydonia — q.  Tree,  Pyrus 
cydonia. 

QUINIA,  Quinine — q.  Acetate  of,  Quiniae  acetas 
— q.  Amorphous,  see  Quinia,  extract  of — q.  Arsen- 
iate  of,  Quinite  arsenias — q.  and  Cinchonia,  tannate 
of,  Quinias  et  Cinchonia;  tannas — q.  Arscnite  of, 
Quinise  arsenis — q.  Citrate  of,  Quinias  citras. 

QuiNiA,  Extract  of,  Qni'nia  sulphas  impu'nis. 
A  preparation  which  consists  in  evaporating  the 
liquor  poured  off  the  crystals  of  sulphate  of  quinia, 
to  the  consistence  of  a  pilular  mass. 

It  has  the  properties  of  sulphate  of  quinia,  and 
its  active  principle  appears  to  be  amorphous 
quinia.  Twenty-four  grains  will  generally  arrest 
ague. 

Quinia,  Ferrocyanate  of,  Quinire  fcrrocyanaa 
—  q.  Ilydriodate  of,  Quinia;  hydriodas  —  q.  Im- 
pure sulphate  of,  Quinia,  extract  of —  q.  lodhy- 


QUINIiE 


rsr 


QUININE 


drate  of,  Quinise  hydriodas — q.  Iodide  of,  Quinia> 
hydriodas — q.  Iodide  of,Iodhydrate  of,  see  Quinias 
hydriodas  —  q.  loduret  of,  Quinias  hydriodas  —  q. 
and  Iron,  Hydriodate  of,  see  Quinia,  Iodide  of 
lodhydrate  of — q.  Lactate  of,  Quinias  lactas — q. 
and  Mercury,  protochloride  of,  Hydrargyri  et 
Quiniae  Protoehloridum  —  q.  Muriate  of,  Quinias 
inurias — q.  Nitrate  of,  Quinite  nitras  —  q.  Phos- 
phate of,  Quinite  phosphas — q.  Sulphate  of,  Qui- 
nine, sulphate  of. 

QUI'NI^  ACE'TAS,  Chi' mum  ace'ticvw,  Ace'- 
tan  Chi'nii  seu  Ghini'ni  sen  chi'nicus  seu  Qiii'iiicB 
seu  QidncB  seu  Quhn'ni  seu  Krni'ni,  Quina  ace'- 
lica,  Acetate  of  Qui'm'a  or  of  Quuiine.  Prepared 
by  saturating  Quinia  with  diluted  acetic  acid. 
Has  the  properties  of  the  other  salts  of  Quinia, 

QuiNi.«  Ausen'ias,  Quini'ncB  seu  Qui'nicB  Ar- 
sen'ias,  C'hini'num  Arseinco'sum  seu  Arsenic" icum, 
Arseninte  of  Quinia  or  of  Quina  or  of  Quinine. 
Formed  by  the  union  of  arsenic  acid  and  qninia. 
Employed  as  an  antiperiodic  in  the  dose  of  from 
three  quarters  of  a  grain  to  a  gi-ain  and  a  half  in 
the  twenty-four  hours. 

QciNivE  Ar'senis,  Q.  Diar'scnis,  Ar'senite  of 
Qni'nia.  A  salt  resulting  from  the  double  de- 
composition of  arsenite  of  potassa  and  sidpJiate 
of  quinia.  It  has  been  used  in  chronic  cutaneous 
diseases ;  and  as  an  antiperiodic  in  ague,  neu- 
ralgia, &c.  Dose,  one-third  of  a  grain,  three  times 
a  da.j. 

QuinIjB  Citras,  Quinia  seu  Chini'ni  citras, 
Citras  chi'nicus  seu  qui'nicus,  C'hi'nium  seu  C'hi- 
ni'num Ci'tricum,  Citrate  of  Quinia,  of  Quina,  or 
of  Quinine.  Formed  from  the  union  of  citric 
acid  and  quinia.  It  has  the  same  properties  as 
the  sulphate. 

QuiNi.E  ET  CiNCHONi.E  Tannas,  Okini'nvm  seu 
Chi'nium  tan'nicum,  Tannate  of  Quinia  and  Cin- 
cho'nia.  This  salt  has  the  same  properties  as  the 
salt*  of  quinia  in  general. 

QuixijE  Diarsexis,  Quinias  Arsenis. 

QuinIjE  Ferrocy'anas,  Chi'mnm  fcrrocfiano- 
geyia'tum  seu  fei-rohi/droci/an'icu.rn,  Ferrocy'anate 
or  hydrociianoferrcde  of  Quinia  or  of  Quinine. 
This  salt  is  obtained  by  the  decomposition  of  sid- 
phate  of  quinia  by  means  of  a  solution  of  fcrro- 
ci/anuret  of  potassium.  It  has  all  the  properties 
of  sulphate  of  quinia,  and,  according  to  some,  in 
a  superior  degree. 

Qdin!^  Hydri'odas,  Chini'mtm  hydriod'icum, 
Hydriodate  or  lodhydrate  of  Quinia  ;  called,  also, 
Jodure'tum  seu  lod'idum  Qui'nicB,  Jod'urct  or 
J'odide  of  Qui'nia,  (F.)  Hydriodate  ou  lodhydrate 
di  Quinine,  lodure  de  Quinine.  This  is  formed 
by  precipitating  sulphate  of  quinia  by  means  of 
iodide  of  potassium.  Given  in  scrofulous  affec- 
tions; half  a  grain  to  a  grain,  three  times  a  day, 
to  a  child. 

An  iodide  and  a  hiniodide  have  been  formed ; 
the  latter  made  by  mixing  double  the  quantity  of 
the  iodide  of  potassium  with  the  sulphate  of  quinia. 

An  loniDE  OP  Iodhy'drate  op  Qui'nia,  (F.) 
lodure  d' lodhydrate  de  Quinine,  is  prepared  by 
pouring  into  an  acid  solution  of  qninia  a  solution 
of  iodide  of  iron,  containing  a  slight  excess  of 
i>Jine.  The  precipitate  is  treated  with  boiling 
alcohol :  the  liquor  filtered,  and  crystals  sufl'ered 
to  form.  The  salt  possesses  all  the  properties  of 
the  other  salts  of  quinia.  Under  the  name,  Hy- 
driodate of  Iron  and  Quinia,  a  preparation  has 
been  introduced  by  Mr.  Battley.  It  is  possessed 
of  tonic  and  antiperiodic  virtues. 

Quinia  Iodidum,  Quinias  hydriodas — q.  lodii- 
retum,  Quinice  hydriodas. 

Quints  Lactas,  Quince  lactas,  CMni'nvm  lac'- 
ti<:um,  Lactate  of  Qui'nia  or  of  Quinine.     Made 
by  the  action  of  lactic  acid  on  quinia.     Used  in 
the  same  cases  as  the. other  salts  of  ouinia. 
47 


Qui'ni.g  Ml''rias,  Chi'nium  muriat'icnm  sea 
sali'tum  seu  hydrochlo'ricum,  Ifu'riaa  chi'nicui. 
Muriate  of  Quinia  or  of  Quinine.  May  be  pre- 
pared by  dissolving  quinia  in  dilute  muriatic  acid. 
Given  as  an  antiperiodic.  Dose,  half  a  grain  to 
a  grain. 

QriNi^  Nitras,  Chi'nium  seu  Chini'num  iii'- 
tricum.  Nitrate  of  Quinia  or  of  Quinine.  Maybe 
formed  by  the  addition  of  nitric  acid  to  quinia. 
Its  properties  are  those  of  the  sulphate  of  quinia. 

QuiNiyE  Phosphas,  Chi'nium  seu  Chini'num 
phosphor' icum,  Phosp)hate  of  Quinia  or  of  Qui- 
nine;  may  be  prepared  by  the  addition  of  dilute 
2)hosphorio  acid  to  quinia.  It  is  thought  by  many 
to  he  next  to  the  sulphate  of  quinia  in  its  remedial 
powers. 

QuiNi.E  Sulphas,  Quinine,  sulphate  of. 

QuiNl.li;  Yaleria'nas,  Chini'num  sen  Chi'nium 
Vahrian'icum,  Valerianate  of  Quinia,  of  Quina. 
or  of  Quinine;  may  be  formed  by  the  union  of 
valerianic  acid  with  quinia.  It  has  the  projJer- 
ties  of  the  salts  of  quinia. 

QUININE,  Qui'nia,  Quina,  Kini'num,  Chini'- 
num, Quinina.  An  alkaline,  uncr.ystallizable  sub- 
stance ;  under  the  form  of  a  porous,  whitish  mass  : 
almost  insoluble  in  water,  soluble  in  alcohol  and 
ether.  It  forms,  with  acids,  salts  that  are  in  gen- 
eral soluble.  It  is  obtained  from  different  cin- 
chonas, but  chiefly  from  the  yellow,  and  is  the 
active  principle  of  those  valuable  drugs. 

Quinine,  Acetate  op,  Quinia  acetas  —  q.  Ar- 
seniate  of,  QuiniiB  arsenias  —  q.  Arsenite  of.  Qui- 
nine arsenis  —  q.  Citrate  of,  QuiniiB  citras  —  q. 
Ferroeyanate  of,  Quinias  fcrrocyanas — q.  Hydri- 
odate de,  Quiniaj  hydriodas  —  q.  lodhydrate  de, 
Quinise  hydriodas  —  q.  Iodide  of,  Quiniae  hydrio- 
das— q.  lodure  de,  Quinice  hydriodas -^9'.  lodure 
d' lodhydrate  de,  Quinia,  iodide  of  lodhydrate  of— 
q.  Lactate  of,  Quiniaj  lactas  —  q.  Muriate  of,  Qui- 
nias murias  — q.  Nitrate  of,  Quinias  nitras  —  q. 
Phosphate  of,  Quinite  phosphas. 

Quinine.  Qihna  or  Quinia,  Sulphate  op,  Qui- 
NIJ5  sou  Qvi'ncR  seu  Quini'ncB  Sulphas,  Quince 
Disul'phas,  Chi'nium  seu  Chini'num  Suljihu'ri- 
cum,  (F.)  Sulfate  de  Qm'nine  —  the  salt  usually' 
employed  in  medicine — occurs  in  needles  of  a 
pearlj--  and  satiny  appearance.  It  is  employed 
with  great  success  in  the  treatment  of  intermit- 
tents ;  and  is  available  in  many  cases,  where  tlie 
bark  in  substance  could  not  be  retained,  or  would 
be  injurious.  Dose,  as  atonic  from  5  to  10  grains 
in  the  2-1  hours.  As  an  antiperiodic  it  may  be 
carried  much  farther.  Its  action,  in  a  large  dose. 
is  decidedly  sedative.  It  is  obtained,  by  treating 
the  Tollow  bark  with  sulphuric  acid.  The  follow- 
ing form  is  adopted  in  the  Pharmacopoeia  of  the 
United  States,- — CincJion.  far.  in  pulv.  crass.  Ibiv  ; 
Acid,  mnriat.  f^iij  ;  Calcis,  in  pulv.  ^v;  Aqucp, 
cong.  v;  Acid.  Sulphur.,  Alcohol;  Carhon.  ani- 
mal, aa  q.  s.  Boil  the  bark  in  one-third  of  the 
water  mixed  with  the  one-third  of  the  muriatic 
acid,  and  strain  through  linen.  Boil  the  residue 
twice  successively  with  the  same  quantity  of  acid 
and  water  as  before,  and  strain.  Mix  the  decoc- 
tions, and,  while  the  liquor  is  hot,  gradually  add 
the  lime,  previously  mixed  with  two  pints  of 
water,  stirring  constantly,  until  the  quinia  is  com- 
pletely precipitated.  Wash  the  precipitate  with 
distilled  water,  and  having  pressed  and  dried  it, 
digest  it  in  boiling  alcohol.  Pour  off  the  liquor 
and  repeat  the  digestion  several  times,  until  the 
alcohol  is  no  longer  remlertd  bitter.  Mix  tho 
liquors,  and  distil  off  the  alcohol,  until  a  brown 
viscid  mass  remains.  Upon  this  substance,  re- 
moved from  the  vessel,  pour  about  half  a  gallon 
of  distilled  water,  and  having  heated  the  mixture 
to  the  boiling  point,  add  as  much  sulphuric  acid 
as  may  be  necessary  to  dissclve  the  impure  aliili. 


QUININISM 


738 


RACHITIS 


Then  add  an  ounce  and  a  half  of  animal  charcoal ; 
boil  for  two  minutes;  filter  the  liquor  while  hot, 
and  set  it  aside  to  crystallize.  Should  the  liquor, 
before  filtration,  be  entirely  neutral,  acidulate  it 
very  slightly  with  sulphuric  acid.  Should  it,  on 
the  contrary,  change  the  colour  of  litmus  paper 
to  a  bright  red,  add  more  animal  charcoal.  Sep- 
arate the  crystals  from  the  liquor,  dissolve  them 
in  boiling  water  slightly  acidulated  with  sulphu- 
ric acid,  add  a  little  animal  charcoal,  filter  and 
set  aside  to  crystallize.  Wrap  the  crystals  in 
bibulous  paper,  and  dry  with  a  gentle  heat.  The 
mother-waters  may  be  made  to  yield  an  additional 
quantity  of  sulphate  of  quinia  by  precipitatin; 


qninta ;  from  quintus,  'a  fifth.'  A  fever  whose 
paroxysms  return  only  every  five  days  inelns- 
ively  ;  and  between  which  there  are,  consequently, 
three  days  of  apyrexia. 

QUINTE,  (F.)  This  word  is  used  synony-- 
mously  with  '[jaro^ysra  or  fit,  when  speaking  of 
cough, — as  uve  Qiiiiite  de  Toux — 'a  fit  of  cough- 
ing.'    Also,  the  influenza. 

QUTNTEFEUILLE,  Potentilla  reptans. 

QUINTERON,  see  Mulatto  — q.  black,  see 
Mulatto. 

QUINTE S,  see  Pertussis. 

QUINTES'SENCE,  QuintnEssen'tia.  A  name 
formerly  given  to  alcohol,  impregnated  with  the 


the  quinia  with  solution  of  ammonia,  and  treating  !  principles  of  some  drug.     It  was,  consequently, 


the  pjrecipitated  alkali  with  water,  sulphuric  acid, 
and  animal  charcoal,  as  before. 

Quinine,  Tannate  of,  Quiniae  et  cinchonise 
tannas — q.  Valerianate  of,  Quiniae  valerianas. 

QUINI'^NISM,  Quininis'miis,  Quinism,  Cin'- 
choninm.  The  aggregate  of  encephalic  or  neuro- 
pathic phenomenainduced  by  over-doses  of  quinia. 

QUINOIDINE.  Chinioidine. 

QUINQUEFOLIUM,Potentillareptans— Quin- 
quefolium  majus,  Potentilla  reptans. 

QUINQUINA,  Cinchona — q.  Aromotiqne,  Cro- 
ton  cascarilla  —  q.  Bicolor,  Cinchonas  Caribaess 
cortex  —  q.  Fanx  de  Virginie,  Cusparia  febrifuga 
—q.  Gris  de  Loxa,  Cinchonse  lancifolise  cortex — 
q.  Jaime,  Cinchonfe  eordifolise  cortex — q.  Orange, 
Cinchonse  lancifolias  cortex — q.  Piton,  Cinchonse 
Cdribsese  cortex — q.  Rouge,  Cinchonse  oblongifo- 
lisB  cortex. 

QUINSET,  Cynanche  tonsillaris — q.  Nervous, 
Angone — q.  Wolf,  Lycanche. 

QUINTAI^j  Fehris  quinta'na,  F.  pemptm'a,  F. 


often  synonymous  with  Alcohol'ic  tincture.  The 
most  volatile  principles  of  bodies  were,  also, 
called  Qiiinteii'sences. 

QUINTI'STERNAL.  The  fifth  osseous  por- 
tion of  the  sternum.  It  corresponds  to  the  y'^h 
and  6th  intercostal  spaces, 

QUINUA,  Chenopodium  quinoa. 

QUOTID'IAN,  Quotidia'nus,  Ephe'merus, — it- 
self from  quotidie,  'daily.'  That  which  takes 
place  CYerj  day. 

Quotid'ian  Fever,  Fehris  quotidia'na  sen  he- 
mere'nia.  seu  hemer'ina,  Q.  ague,  An'elus  quotidi- 
a'nus, C'athe'merus,  Cathemer'inus,  Methemer'inoa, 
Amphemer'inos,  Amphimer' imts,  Amj^lie' merits,  Fe- 
hris awphe'mera  seu  meth enter' ina  seu  metheme'- 
ria,  Quotidia'nus,  (F.)  Fievre  quotidienne,  is  an 
intermittent,  the  paroxysms  of  which  recur  every 
day. 

A  simple,  doithle,  or  trij)le  quotidian,  is  a  quo- 
tidian, which  has  one,  two,  or  three  paroxysms  in 
the'  24  hours. 


K. 


K  is  placed  at  the  commencement  of  a  pre- 
eeription,  as  a  contraction  of  Rec"ipe.  (See  Ab- 
breviation.) Originally,  it  was  the  sign  H.  of 
Jupiter,  and  was  placed  at  the  top  of  a  formula, 
to  propitiate  the  king  of  the  gods,  that  the  com- 
pound misht  act  favourably. 

RABDOIDES.  (SUTURA,)  Sagittal  suture. 

RABID,  Rah'idus,  (F.)  Rahique,  Rahieiqne, 
from  rabies,  '  canine  madness.'  That  which  be- 
longs to  hydrophobia;  as  rahid  virus,  &c. 

RABl/jIQUE,  Rabid. 

TtABIES  CANINA,  Hydrophobia. 

RABIQUE,  Rabid. 

R  AC  ABOUT,  Amylvm  querneum.  A  name 
■given  by  the  Arabs  to  the  starch  prepared  from 
:an  edible  acorn  obtained  from  Quercus  Ilex,  but, 
according  to  Plagge.  the  so  called  Rncahout  of 
the  Arabs,  sold  in  Paris,  is  a  compound  of  pnta- 
-toe  starch,  chocolate,  and  aromatics, — as  vanilla. 

RACCOON  BERRY,  Podophyllum  montanum. 

RACE,  from  radice,  abl.  of  radix,  'root,'  breed. 
The  union  or  aggregate  of  individuals  whose  con- 
formation or  particular  condition  differs  percep- 
tibly from  those  of  neighbouring  varieties.  In 
the  human  species,  several  races  are  designated. 
i>ee  Homo. 

RACEMEUX,  Racemosus. 

IIACEMO'SUS,  Rne"emous,  Rac"emose,  (F.) 
ttaef-mnvx.     In  clusters,  like  grapes. 

RACE'MUS.     A  cluster — as  of  grapes. 

RACHAMEL'CA,  from  Hcbr.  CHI  {rccliem) 
■'the  womb,'  and  "ho  {molech,)  'a  king:'  Reeha- 


mal'ca.  A  peculiar  formative  principle,  supposed, 
by  Dolseus,  to  exist  in  the  uterus. 

RACHE,  Porrigo. 

RACHI^I,  Rachiaei. 

RACHIALGIA,  Colic,  metallic,  Rbachiodynia, 
Vertebral  disease — r.  Mesenterica,  Tabes  mesen- 
terica — r.  Pictoniensium,  Colic,  metallic — r.  Pie- 
tonum,  Colic,  metallic.    ^  ^ 

RACHIALGIE  MESENTERIQUE,  Tabes 
mesenterica. 

RACHIALGITIS.  Rhachialgitis. 

RACHIDIAN  ARTERIES,  Spinal  arteries— r. 
Bulb,  see  Medulla  oblongata — r.  Canal,  Vertebral 

RACHTOPHYMA,  Rachiphyma. 

RACHIPHY'MA,  Rhachipjiy'ma,  RachiopTiy. 
ma,  Tumor  Dorsi,  from  '/)°X'^'  '^^^  spine.'  and 
cpvi^a,  'a  tumour.'  A  tumour  on  the  spine  or  on 
the  back. 

RACHTS,  Vertebral  column. 

RACHIS'AGRA,  Rhachis'agra,  Rhach'iagro^ 
Rh<ich'eiigra,  Rhachid'agra,  Rhachi'tis  spina'/i', 
from  'fX'i'  't^<^  spine,'  and  aypa,  'a  seizure.'  A 
gouty  or  rheumatic  affection  of  the  spine. 

RACHITvE,  RhachitiB. 

RACHIT'IC,  Rachit'iciis,  Rhachit'icus,  (T.) 
Rarhitique.  Same  etymon  as  the  next.  Re. 
lating  or  appertaining  to,  or  aff'eeted  with  rickets. 
Weak,  feeble  in  the  joints;  defective  in  develop- 
ment. 

RACIII'TIS,  Rhachi'tis,  from  'rax'^,  'the 
spine,'  and  itis,  a  sufiix  denoting  inflammation. 
Inflammation  of  the  spine.     Also,  Cyrto'sie  Rq.'~ 


BACHITI^ME 


739 


RADICAL 


ehia,  Cyrton'osxis,  3Iorbus  Ang'licus,  Osfeomala' cia 
Infan'tum,  Tabes  pectoreci;  Innutritio  ossium,  Spina 
nodo'sa,  Raehitis'mus,  English  disease,  Rickets ; 
from  'pa^is,  'the  spine.'  (F.)  Rachitisme,  Nouure. 
A  disease  characterized  by  crookedness  of  the 
long  bones;  swelling  of  their  extremities;  crooked 
spine;  prominent  abdomen;  large  head;  and  often 
precocity  of  intellect.  It  is  accompanied  by  lean- 
ness, general  debility,  indigestion;  and  frequently 
induces  atrophy  and  hectic.  Rickets  occurs,  par- 
ticularly, during  the  first  years  of  existence,  in 
weakly  children,  born  of  rickety  or  scrofulous 
parents ;  brought  up  in  damp  or  confined  situa- 
tions ;  who  are  badly  nourished,  and  do  not  take 
sufficient  exercise.  The  progress  and  termination 
of  the  disease  are  very  variable.  Some  children 
gradually  recover  their  health :  others  become 
more  and  more  deformed,  and  ultimately  die  of 
consumption,  dropsy,  or  other  organic  disease. 
The  treatment  is  almost  wholly  hygienic.  Pure 
air;  a  healthy  situation ;  nourishing  diet;  exer- 
cise; sea  or  common  cold  bathing,  and  tonics, 
aflford  the  best  prospect  of  success. 

Rachitis  Adultorom,  Mollities  ossium. 

RACHITISME,  Rachitis. 

RACHO'SIS,  Rhacho'sis,  Rako'sis,  from  'pa^oio, 
or  'paKooi,  '  I  wrinkle.'  A  relaxation  of  the  scro- 
tum. Propto'ma  sou  lax'itas  Scroti,  Scrotum 
pen'dxdum.  An  excoriation  of  the  relaxed  scro- 
tum. —  Dictionaries. 

RACINE  A  BEOQUET,  Geranium  moscha- 
tum  — )'.  de  Bengal,  Cassumuniar — r.  de  Charcis, 
Dorstenia  contrayerva  —  r.  de  Draeke,  Dorstenia 
tontrayerva  —  r.  des  Philippines,  Dorstenia  con- 
trayerva —  r.  de  Safran,  Curcuma  longa  —  r.  de 
Saint  Esprit,  Angelica  —  r.  Salivaire,  Anthemis 
pyrethrum  —  r.  de  Turheth,  Convolvulus  turpe- 
thura. 

RACINE S  DU  CERVELET,  Corpora  resti- 
formia. 

R  AC  LURES  DES  BOYAUX,  Ramenta  in- 
testinorum. 

RACORNISSEMENT,  (F.)  from  se  racornir, 
'to  shrivel  in  the  fire  as  leather  does.'  Cor'nifi- 
cation.  A  physical  property,  possessed  by  ani- 
mal substances,  which  consists  in  a  kind  of  con- 
tractility, accompanied  with  sudden  corrugation 
and  curling.  It  is  produced  by  heat,  and  by 
chemical  agents,  especially  by  the  strong  mineral 
acids. 

RADCLIFFE'S  ELIXIR,  see  Tinctura  aloes 
composita. 

RADESYGE,  Radzyge. 

RADEZYGE,  Radzyge. 

RADIAD,  see  Radial  aspect. 

RA'DIAL,  Radia'lis,  from  radius,  a  bone  of 
the  forearm.     That  which  relates  to  the  radius. 

RADIAL  ANTERIEUR,  Palmaris  magnus. 

Radial  Artery,  A.  extern'a  Cu'hiti.  It  arises 
from  the  brachial,  at  the  upper  and  anterior  part 
of  the  forearm ;  descends  on  the  outer  side  as  far 
as  the  lower  part  of  the  radius,  and  proceeds 
downwards  and  backwards  towards  the  superior 
extremity  of  the  space  which  separates  the  first 
two  metacarpal  bones.  It  then  buries  itself  in 
the  palm  of  the  hand,  where  it  forms  the  jt^o- 
foxmd  or  radial  palmar  arch.  The  radial  artery 
gives  off  the  recurrent  radial,  several  radio-mus- 
oular  branches,  the  transverse  palmar  radio-carpal 
artery,  the  external  superficial  artery  of  the  palm 
of  the  hand,  the  external  dorsal  of  tJie  thumb,  the 
dorscdis  carpi,  dorsal  interosseous  artery  of  the 
index,  &c. 

Radial  Aspect.  An  aspect  towards  the  side 
an  which  the  radius  is  situated.  —  Barclay.  Ra- 
diad  is  used  by  the  same  writer,  adverbially,  to 
-eignify  '  towards  the  radial  aspect.' 


RADIAL  EXTERNE  PREIflER,  see  Ra- 
dialis — r.  Externe  second,  see  Radialis — r.  Grand, 
see  Radialis. 

Radial  Nerve,  Radio-digital  (Ch.),  Spiral 
Nerve,  Spiral  mnscidar  N.,  Musctdo-spiral  nerve, 
arises  from  the  four  inferior  branches  of  the  bra- 
chial plexus.  It  is,  at  first,  situate  behind  the 
other  nerves  of  the  plexus.  It  then  becomes  en- 
gaged between  the  three  portions  of  the  triceps 
brachialis,  passes  behind  the  humerus,  and  de- 
scends between  the  supinator  longus  and  bra- 
chialus  internus,  as  far  as  opposite  the  upper  ex- 
tremity of  the  radius.  In  its  course  it  gives  nu- 
merous filaments  to  the  triceps,  supinator  longus, 
extensor  carpi  radialis  longior,  and  to  the  inte- 
guments. Opposite  the  upper  extremity  of  the 
radius  it  divides  into  two  branches;  —  the  ono 
posterior,  which  turns  backwards  into  the  sub- 
stance of  the  supinator  brevis,  and  when  it  has 
reached  the  space  between  the  two  layers  of 
muscles  on  the  posterior  surface  of  the  forearm, 
divides  into  a  great  number  of  filaments,  whicli 
are  distributed  to  those  muscles,  and  to  the  inte- 
guments of  the  hand.  The  other  branch  is  anie- 
rior:  it  descends  before  the  supinator  brevis  and 
the  radius;  until,  near  the  inferior  third  of  that 
bone,  it  engages  itself  between  the  tendons  of  tbo 
supinator  longus  and  extensor  carpi  radialis  lon- 
gior ;  and,  becoming  afterwards  subcutaneous, 
divides  into  two  branches,  whose  filaments  are 
distributed  to  the  integuments  of  the  thumb, 
index,  middle  finger,  to  the  outside  of  the  ring 
finger,  and  to  the  first  interosseous  muscle  of  tho 
back  of  the  hand. 

RADIAL  PETIT,  see  Radialis. 

Radial  Veins,  Deep-Seated,  follow  the  sair.- 
course  as  the  radial  arterv. 

RADIA'LIS  EXTER'NUS  BRE'VIOR,  Ex- 
ten' sor  Carpi  Radialis  Bre'vior,  Radialis  secuii ' 
dus,  (F.)  Second  radial  cxtcrne.  Petit  radial^ 
Epicondylo-sus-metaearpien,  (Ch.)  An  extensor 
muscle  of  the  wrist,  situate  beneath  the  extensor 
carpi  radialis  longior.  It  is  attached,  above,  to 
the  external  tuberosity  of  the  humerus,  and  ter- 
minates below,  by  a  long  tendon,  inserted  into 
the  posterior  part  of  the  upper  extremity  of  the 
third  bone  of  the  metacarpus.  It  has  the  same 
uses  as  the  next  muscle. 

Radia'lis  Exter'nus  Lon'gior,  Extensor 
Carpi  Radia'lis  Lon'gior,  Radialis  externus  pri~ 
rnus,  (F.)  Premier  radial  externe,  Grand  radial, 
Humero  sus-metacaypien,  (Ch.)  It  is  seated  a,t; 
the  outer  part  of  the  forearm;  is  thin,  but  thicker 
on  the  outside  than  on  the  inside.  It  is  attached, 
above,  to  the  inferior  part  of  the  outer  edge,  and 
to  the  corresponding  tuberosity,  of  the  humerus ; 
and  terminates,  below,  by  a  long  tendon,  which 
is  attached  to  the  superior  extreinity  of  the  second 
bone  of  the  metacarpus.  It  extends  the  hand  on 
the  forearm. 

Radialis  Externus  Bretior,  see  Radialis^— 
r.  Externus  primus,  see  Radialis  —  r.  Extensor 
longior,  see  Radialis — r.  Internus,  Palmaris  ma<:- 
nus  —  r.  Secundus,  see  Radialis. 

RAD'IATED,  Radia'tus,  from  radius,  'a ray;' 
(F.)  Rayonne.  That  which  is  arranged  in  ray?' : 
in  lines,  diverging  from  a  common  centre.  An 
epithet  given  to  several  ligaments,  &c.,  as  to 
those  which  unite  the  ribs  to  the  sternum ;  thoto 
which  unite  the  tibia  and  fibula  at  their  inferior 
extremity,  &c. 

Radiated  Substance  of  the  Kidney,  seo 
Kidney.  ' 

RAD'ICAL,  Radica'lis,  from  radix,  'a  root.' 
A  radical  cure,  enra  radica'lis,  is  one  in  which 
the  disease  is  destroyed,  as  it  were,  from  the  root. 
It  is  used  in  opposition  to  palliative  cure. 

Radical  Moisture,  Humidum  radioale 


KADICES 


740 


BALE 


Radical  Vessels,  Yas'cular  Bad' ides,  (F.) 
Badteules  vasculairea,  are  the  small  vessels  that 
take  their  origin  in  the  tissues,  and  by  their 
union  form  larger  vessels. 

RADICES  OSSIS  HYOIDEI,  Cornua  ossis 
hyoidei. 

RADICIS'ECA,  from  radix,  radicis,  'a  root,' 
and  gecare,  'to  cut.'     One  employed  in  collecting 
and  preparing  plants  was  formerly  so  called. 
RADICULA,  Raphanus  hortensis. 
BADICULES  YASCULAIEES,  Radical  ves- 
sels. 

RADII  CILIARES,  Ciliary  processes. 
Radii  Feontis.     The  folds  or  wrinkles  of  the 
forehead. 

RADIO-CARPAL,  Eadio-earpia'nus.  That 
•which  relates  to  the  radius  and  carpus. 

Radio-Carpal  Aeticulat^ion  is  the  torist  joint, 
or  articulation  of  the  os  scaphoides,  os  semilunare, 
and  OS  cuneiforme  of  the  carpus  with  the  inferior 
surface  of  the  radius,  and  the  fibro-cartilage,  situ- 
ate below  the  ulna.  It  is  strengthened  by  lateral, 
anterior,  and  posterior  ligaments. 

Radio-Caepal  Teaksverse  Palmar  Artery, 
CF.)  Artere  Badio -cai-pienne- transver sale -pal - 
maire.  A  transverse  branch,  given  off  by  the 
radial  artery,  opposite  the  lower  edge  of  the  pro- 
nator quadratus,  which  sends  several  branches  to 
the  anterior  or  palmar  surface  of  the  carpus. 

BADIO-CUTANE  {NERF,)  see  Cutaneous— 
r.  Phalangettien  du  pouce,  Flexor  longus  pollicis 
manus. 

RADIOLUS,  Sound. 

RADIO-MUS'CULAR,  Badio-mvsciila'ris.  A 
name  given  to  the  branches  sent  off  from  the  ra- 
dial artery  to  the  muscles  of  the  forearm  in  the 
first  part  of  its  course ;  as  well  as  to  the  nervous 
filaments  which  the  radial  nerve  sends  to  the 
same  muscles. 

BADIS,  Raphanus  hortensis. 
RADISH,  Raphanus  hortensis — r.  "Water,  Nas- 
turtium amphibium. 

RADIUS,  'a  spoke:' — so  called  from  its  shape. 
Cercis,  Foc"ile  minvs  seu  superius,  Canna  minor, 
Os  adoubita'le,  Additamen'tum  ulnm,  Manu'hriuin 
mavils,  Parape'chyon,  Arun'do  hra'chii  minor, 
(F.)  Os  du  Rayon.  A  long,  prismatic  bone,  the 
upper  and  lesser  extremity  of  which  is  called  the 
head.  This  is  supported  by  a  cervix  or  neck. 
At  the  part  where  the  neck  is  confounded  with 
the  body  of  the  bone  is  the  tvhercle  or  bicipital 
tnlerosity  or  eminence  for  the  insertion  of  the 
biceps.  The  radius  is  articulated,  above,  with 
the  OS  humeri  and  with  the  lesser  sigmoid  cavity 
of  the  ulna :  below,  with  the  scaphoides,  semilu- 
nare, and  the  head  of  the  ulna.  Its  inferior  ex- 
tremity, which  is  larger  than  the  superior,  is  flat- 
tened before  and  behind :  is  irregularly  quadri- 
lateral ;  and  has,  below,  a  double  facette  to  be 
articulated  with  the  first  two  bones  of  the  carpus. 
On  the  outer  side  is  the  styloid  process ;  and,  on 
the  inner,  a  concave  facette,  which  joins  the  ulna. 
I'ehind,  are  grooves  for  the  passage  of  the  exten- 
sor tendons.  The  radius  is  developed  from  three 
points  of  ossification ;  one  for  the  body,  and  one 
i'l.T  each  extremity. 

RADIUS,  COL  DU,  Collum  radii. 
RA'DIX,  Rhiza.  A  root:  also,  the  male  organ. 
Riidix,  Root  or  fang  of  a  tooth,  is  the  part  con- 
tained in  the  alveolus.  The  radix  or  root  of  the 
nail  is  the  portion  hidden  under  the  skin,  &c. 
Surgeons  give  the  name  to  the  prolongations, 
sont  by  scirrhous,  cancerous,  or  other  tumours 
juto  the  neighbouring  parts. 

Five  Aperient  Roofs,  Qiiinqrie  radi'ces  apc- 
rien'tes,  were,  of  old,  asparagus,  butchers'  broom, 
fi;nnel,  parsley,  and  smallage. 

Five  Lfxscr  Aperient  Roots,   Quinque  radi'ces 


aperien  'tea    mino  'res,  —  were    caper,    dandelioD; 
eryngo,  madder,  and  rest-harrow. 

Radix  Asclepiadis  Crispa,  see  Gomphocar- 
pus  crispus  —  r.  Braziliensis,  Ipecacuanha. 

Radix  Cordis,  Basis  Cordis.  The  base  of  th* 
heart. 

Radix  Indica  Lopezia^'A,  Lopez  radix  —  r- 
Linguae,  see  Tongue — r.  Lopeziana,  Lopez  radix 
— r.  Ninsi,  Slum  ninsi — r.  Rubra,  Rubia — r.  Ser- 
pentum,  see  Ophiorrhiza  mungos  —  r.  Unguis, 
Nail,  root  of —  r.  Ventris,  Umbilicus. 
RADULA,  Raspatorium. 

RADZYGE,  Badzyyin,  Badesyc/e,  Badezyge, 
Thm'ria,  properly  Theria,  from  Byjpiov,  ('eXkos.) 
'  a  malignant  ulcer.'  Lepra  borea'lis  seu  Norve- 
gica,  JSlorwe'gian  Lep'rony.  A  name  given,  in 
Norway,  to  a  disease,  bearing  considerable  ana- 
logy to  the  yaws.  Some  have  esteemed  it  a  spe- 
cies of  lepra  or  elephantiasis. 

Another  form  —  the  Spedahhe,  or  Spedalskhed 
— of  Norway,  appears  to  be  ::  variety  of  elephan- 
tiasis Grascorum. 

RAGE,  Ira,  Furor  brevis,  Orge,  Thymos,  (F.) 
Colere.  Violent  passion,  characterized  by  con- 
traction of  the  muscles  of  the  face,  violence  in 
every  movement,  extreme  irritation  of  the  ner- 
vous system,  acceleration  of  the  blood's  motion, 
and  redness  and  swelling  of  the  face. 
Rage,  Rhage. 
BAGE,  Hydrophobia, 

RAGWEED,  Ambrosia  elatior — r.  Great,  Am- 
brosia trifida. 

RAGWORT,  Senecio  Jaeobfea. 
BAIDEUB  CADAVEBIQUE,  Rigor  mortis. 
BAIFORT,  Raphanus  hortensis  —  r.  Sauvage, 
Cochlearia  armoracia, 

RAINBOW-WORM,  Herpes  iris.  , 
RAINURE,  Groove — r.  Digastrique,  Mastoid 
groove. 

RAISIN,  see  Vitis  vinifera  —  r.  d'Ameriqne, 
Phytolacca  decandra  —  r.  de  Bois,  Vacciniuui 
myrtillus  —  r.  d'Ours,  Arbutus  uva  ursi — r.  de 
Renard,  Paris. 

BAISINIEBE  (F.)  A  name  given  to  a  small 
granular,  brownish  or  blackish  tumour,  which 
forms  occasionally  at  the  surface  of  the  eorncti,. 
in  consequence  of  ulcers  or  accidental  wounds  oi 
that  membrane.  —  Nysten. 

RAISINS,  Uv83  passre,  see  Vitus  vinifera — o. 
de  Corinthe,  see  Vitus  Corinthiaca. 
BAISON,  Reason. 

RAKASIRA.  An  American  balsam ;  of  a 
brownish  or  brownish-red  colour;  semi-transpa-« 
rent;  brittle;  softening  and  becoming  tenacious 
by  heat ;  inodorous  when  cold,  but  exhaling  a. 
very  agreeable  smell  when  heated  ;  and  possessing 
a  balsamic  and  slightly  bitter  taste.  The  precibo 
vegetable  that  furnishes  it  is  not  known.  It  has 
been  used  chiefly  as  a  balsam  in  gonorrhoea  and 
urinary  aifeetions. 
RAKIA,  see  Spirit. 
RAKOSIS,  Rachosis. 

BALE,  Battle,  Blionchus,  RJiencJitis,  BJien-vi.', 
from  (D.)  Ratel;  Bhoncns,  Cerchnns,  Bhogmox, 
(F.)  B/ile.  Noise  produced  by  the  air  in  passing 
through  mucus,  of  wliich  the  lungs  arc  unable  t'.> 
free  themselves.  This  condition  is  chiefly  obser- 
ved at  the  approach  of  death,  and  is  comuionly 
called,  "  the  rattles." 

The  term  BO.le  has  been  given  to  difl'ercnt 
sounds  during  respiration,  caused  by  the  air 
passing  through  fluid  contained  in  the  bronchi, 
or  areolffi  of  the  pulmonary  tissue ;  which  ai'e 
perceived  by  the  stethoscope. 

RALE  BBONCIIIQUE  SEC,  R&le  sonore—r. 
Bronchiqne  humidc,  R.  mvqucux  —  r.  Cavernevx, 
Gurgling  —  r.  Ciivernideux,  see  Gurgling — r.  Cr6- 


SALE 


m 


RANUNCULUS 


pitant,  Rhonchus  crep'itans,  see  Crepitant — r.  c. ' 
Eedtix,  see  Crepitant. 

RALE  3IUQUEUX,  Rhon'cMs  muco'sus,  Mu- 
cous Rattle,  R.  hronchique  humide.  The  sound 
produced  by  the  passage  of  air  through  mucus  ac- 
cumulated in  the  larger  bronchi  or  trachea,  or 
through  softened  tubercular  matter.  This  rale 
occurs  in  catarrh,  and  in  softened  tubercle. 
When  carried  to  a  very  high  degree,  it  consti- 
tutes gurgling,  (F.)  Gargouillement.  The  siib- 
crep'itant  rhonchus,  (F.)  Rdle  sous-crepitant,  is 
produced  by  the  bubbling  of  air  through  liquid 
of  variable  consistence  in  the  minute  bronchial 
tubes.  When  heard  at  the  base  of  both  lungs,  it 
is  a  sign  of  capillary  bronchitis.  When  heard  at 
one  base  only,  it  is  generally  connected  with  tu- 
berculosis higher  up. 

RALE  SIBILANT,  Rhon'chus  sib'Hus  seu  sih'- 
ilans,  Sih'ilant  Rattle.  A  slight,  though  pro- 
longed, whistling  sound,  occurring  either  at  the 
commencement  of  inspiration,  or  of  expiration, 
owing  to  the  presence  of  mucus,  thin  and  viscid, 
but  not  abundant,  which  obstructs,  more  or  less 
completely,  the  smaller  bronchial  ramifications. 
It  is  seated  in  the  small  tubes,  and  occurs  in 
the  first  stage  of  bronchitis.  The  clicking  and 
whistling  varieties  differ,  in  the  former  being 
short,  the  latter  prolonged.  The  former  is  a 
quick  sharp  sibilus  or  whistle,  which  ceases  al- 
most instantaneously;  the  latter  a  prolonged 
sibulus,  of  less  sharpness,  lasting  almost  the 
whole  time  of  the  movement  which  it  accompa- 
nies. To  these  may  be  added  the  hissing  vari- 
ety, the  name  sufficiently  indicating  its  character. 

RALE  SONORE,  Rale  hronchique  sec,  R.  ron- 
flant,  Rhonchus  sono'rus,  Sono'rous  Rattle.  A 
sound  resembling  at  times  the  snoring — (F.)  Ron- 
Jlement  —  of  a  person  asleep  ;  at  others  the  sound 
of  the  bass  string  of  an  instrument  when  rubbed 
with  the  finger,  and  not  unfrequently  the  cooing 
— (F.)  Roucoulement — of  a  dove.  It  seems  to  be 
caused  by  a  contraction  of  the  bronchial  tubes, 
and  is  characteristic  of  chronic  catarrh. 

RALE  SOUS-CREPITANT,  see  R&le  mu- 
queux. 

RALE  VESICULAIRE,  see  Crepitation. 

RAMEAU,  Ramus. 

EAMEN'TA  INTESTINO'RUM,  (F.)  Ra- 
idures  des  Boyaux.  The  shreds  or  scrapings,  as  it 
were,  of  the  mucous  membrane  of  the  bowels, 
often  discharged  in  malignant  dysentery.  The 
evacuation  in  which  these  are  contained  has  been 
termed  Diachore'ma  xysmato'des. 

RAMENTUM,  Fragment,  Scobs. 

RAMEX,  Hernia — r.  Varicosus,  Varicocele. 

RAMIFICA'TION,  Ramifica'tio,  from  ramus, 
*  a  branch,'  and  y?o,  'to  become.'  A  division  of 
arteries,  veins,  or  nerves  into  branches.  Also,  a 
branch  itself. 

RAMILLE,  Ramusculus. 

RAMOLLISSEMENT,  Mollities— r.  du  Cer- 
veau,  Mollities  cerebri — r.  du  Cveur,  Cardiomala- 
eia — r.  de  I'Estomac,  Gastromalacia — r.  du  Foie, 
Hepatomalacia — r.  Gris,  see  Hepatization — r.  de 
la  3foelle  epiniere,  Mollities  medullee  spinalis — 
r.  Rouge,  see  Hepatization — r.  de  I'Intestin,  En- 
tero-malaoia — r.  des  0«,  Mollities  ossium. 

RAMPANT,  (F.)  ramper,  'to  climb.'  Repens. 
Reptans.  That  which  creeps  or  drags  on  the 
earth.  The  French  Bandage  rampant  has  the 
folds  arranged  spirally  around  the  part,  leaving 
intervals  between  them.  It  is  a  retentive  ban- 
dage, but  is  easily  displaced,  and,  therefore,  not 
employed. 

RAMPES  DU  LIMAQON,  Scalte  of  the 
cochlea. 


RAMPHOS,  Rostrum, 
RAMULUS,  Ramusculus. 
RAMUNCULUS,  Ramusculus. 
RAMUS,   Clados,  a  branch,  (F.)  Rameau.     A 
division  of  an  artery,  vein,  or  nerve.    Also,  tho 
male  organ. 

Ramus  iTurior  Septim^  Conjugationis,  Fa- 
cial nerve. 

RAMUS 'CULUS,  Ram'ulus,  Ramun' cuius, 
Sur' cuius,  Cladis'cos,  diminutive  of  ramus.  A 
division  of  a  ramus.    (F.)  Ramuscule,  Ramille. 

RANA  ESCULEN'TA,  (F.)  Grenouille.  This 
frog  and  the  bull-frog,  Rana  Tauri'na — are  eaten 
as  a  delicacy.  They  are  nutritious,  and  easily 
digested. 

Rana,  Ranula. 

RANGE,  Rancid. 

RANCID,  Ran'cidus,  Sapros,  (F.)  Ranee,  from 
rancere,  '  to  be  stale.'  An  epithet  given  to  fatty 
bodies,  which  have  become  acrid  from  age  or  the 
contact  of  air.  Mild  ointments  may  thus  become 
very  irritating,  and  unfit  for  the  purposes  for 
which  they  were  originally  intended. 

RANINE,  Rani'na ;  from  Rana,  'a  frog.' 
The  termination  of  the  lingual  artery  is  so  called  ; 
that  is,  the  portion  of  the  artery  which  advances 
horizontally  between  the  genio-glossus  and  lin- 
gualis  muscles  as  far  as  the  point  of  the  tongue. 
The  ranine  vein  follows  the  same  course  as  the 
artery,  and  opens  into  the  internal  jugular  or  in- 
to the  superior  thyroid. 

RAN'ULA,  from  Rana,  'a  frog,'  so  called  from 
its  resemblance  ;  Dyspha' gia  Ranula,  Emphrag'- 
ma  saliva're.  Frog  Ihngtie,  Ba'trachos,  Batra'- 
chium,  Hydroglos'sa,  Hypoglossis,  Eypoglossum, 
Hypoglot'tis,  Hypoglos' sixm,  Rana,  (F.)  Grenouil- 
lette.  A  small,  soft,  fluctuating,  and  semi-trans- 
parent tumour,  which  forms  under  the  tongue, 
owing  to  the  accumulation  of  saliva  in  Wharton's 
duct.  In  order  to  give  exit  to  the  accumulated 
fluid,  and  to  establish  a  permanent  opening  for 
the  discharge  of  the  saliva,  the  cyst  may  be  punc- 
tued,  and  the  opening  maintained  by  a  minute 
cylinder,  with  a  button  at  each  extremity,  as  has 
been  recommended  by  Dupuytren;  or  a  portion  of 
the  cyst  may  be  removed  by  the  scissors,  and  the 
mouth  be  frequently  washed  by  any  astringent 
lotion.  Sometimes,  the  salivary  duct  is  found 
plugged  by  a  small  calculus. 

Ranula  Lapidea,  see  Calculi,  salivary. 

RANUN' CULUS,  (F.)  RenoncuU.  Family 
Ranunculacese.  Sex.  Syst.  Polyandria  Polygy- 
nia.  A  genus  of  plants,  most  of  the  species  of 
which,  when  taken  internally,  act  as  acrid  poi- 
sons. See  Poison.  They  are,  also,  acrid  and 
vesicant,  when  applied  to  the  skin,  and  have  ac- 
cordingly been  often  used  as  counter-irritants. 
The  following  species  answer  to  this  description. 

Ranunculus  Abortivus,  Small Jloioered  Croio- 
foot,   GhicJcen-pepper. 

Ranunculus  Acris,  R.  praten'sis  seu  Stevenii 
seu  ru'fulus  seu  sylvat'icus  seu  Sic'ulus,  Upright 
Meadow  Crowfoot,  Butter  Cups,  Yellow-tveed, 
Blister-weed,  Pilewort,  Burwort,  Meadow-bloom, 
Yellows,  (F.)  Bouton  d'or. 

Ranunculus  Albus,  Anemone  nemorosa. 

Ranunculus  Aquaticus,  R.  sceleratus. 

Ranunculus  Bulbo'sus,  R.  Imtus,  Ranuncu- 
lus (Ph.  U.  S.),  Bulbous-rooted  Crowfoot,  (F.) 
Renoncule  bidbeuse.  Bassinet. 

Ranunculus  Digitatus,  R.  sceleratus. 

Ranunculus  Declinatus,  R.  flammula. 

Ranunculus  Fica'ria,  Chelido'nitim  minus, 
Scrophula'ria  minor,  Fica'ria  ranunculoV  des^ 
seu  verna  seu  commu'nis,  Chelido'nia  rotnndifo'lia 
minor,  Cur'suma  hmmorrhoida'lis  herha,  Ranut^. 


RAPA 


742 


EASTETA 


cuius  verniw  seupreecox  ^gole'thron,  Lesser  celan- 
dine, Pilewort,  (F.)  Petite  Ghelidoine,  Petite  Ec- 
laire,  Ficaire.  The  leaves  and  root  have  been 
used  medicinally; — the  leaves  as  an  antiscorbu- 
tic: the  root  as  a  cataplasm  in  piles. 

ilANUNCULtrs  Flam' MTTLA,  E.  declina'tus,  Flam'- 
mula,  Surrec'ta  alba,  Smaller  Water  Crowfoot, 
Lesser  Speartoort,  (F.)  Petite  Douve. 

Ranunculus  Illyricus. 

Ranunculus  Lingua. 

Ranunculus  L^etus,  R.  bulbosus  —  r.  Nemo- 
rosus,  Anemone  nemorosa — r.  Palustris,  R.  sce- 
leratus  —  r.  Pratensis,  R.  acris. 

Ranunculus  Pennsylvanictjs,  Bristly  Crow- 
foot. 

Ranunculus  PrjECOX,  R.  flcaria. 

Ranunculus  Pubes'cens.  Grows  in  ditches 
and  marshes  in  South  Africa.  The  expressed  juice 
is  used  by  the  Cape  Colonists  in  cancerous  ulcers. 

Ranunculus  Rufulus,  R.  acris. 

Ranunculus  Scelera'tus,  B.  Pahis'tris  seu 
vmhella'tus  seu  digita'tus  seu  aquat'icus,  Bisus 
A'pium,  Hecato'nia  palus'tris,  Marsh  Crowfoot. 

Ranunculus  Siculus,  R.  acris  —  r.  Stevenii, 
R.  acris  —  r.  Vernus,  R.  ficaria  —  r.  Virginianus, 
Lobelia  syphilitica. —  r.  Umbellatus,  R.  seelera- 
tus. 

RAPA  NAPUS,  Brassiea  rapa  —  r.  Rotunda, 
Brassica  rapa. 

RAPE,  Brassiea  napus,  Stuprum. 

RAPHANB'DON,  from  /ja^avij, '  a  radish,  like 
a  radish.'  Bhaphanedon.  A  transverse  fracture 
of  along  bone,  leaving  no  splinters; — what  has 
been  called,  in  France,  Fracture  en  rave. 

RAPHA'NIA,  Convul'sio  Baphania,Bhapha'- 
nia,  Morhns  si^asmod' icus  malig'niis  sen  papula' - 
i-is,  M.  Silesiacus,  Eelamp'sia  typho'des,  Sync'- 
loniw  Bajihania.  Linnaeus  gives  this  name  to  a 
convulsive  disease,  not  uncommon  in  Germany 
and  Sweden,  and  which  has  been  attributed  to 
the  seeds  of  the  Baph'anus  Bapihanis'trum  seu 
sylves'tris,  Baphanis'trum  seg"etum  seu  arvense, 
Bajnstrum,  being  mixed  with  the  corn.  The  con- 
vulsions are  seated  in  the  limbs,  and  are  attended 
•with  acute  pain.     See  Convulsio  cerealis. 

Raphania  Maiztica,  Pellagra. 

RAPHANIS,  Raphanus  hortensis — r.  Magna, 
Cochlearia  armoracia. 

RHAPHANISTRUM  ARVENSE,  see  Ra- 
phania. 

RAPHANUS,  R.  hortensis. 

Raph'anus  Horten'sis,  Baphanus,  B.  sati'vus 
seu  niger,  Baph'anis,  Bhaph'anus,  Badic'ula, 
Bhaphys,  Baphys,  Bhaps,  Bapiys,  liadish,  (F.) 
Eaifort,  Badis.  Family,  Cruciferse,  Sex.  Syst. 
Tetradynamia  Siliquosa.  The  root  of  this  plant 
is  a  common  esculent.  It  has,  also,  been  given 
as  a  diuretic  in  calculous  aflfections.  The  juice, 
made  into  a  syrup,  is  exhibited  to  relieve  hoarse- 
ness. Radishes  have  long  been  celebrated  as  an- 
ti-scorbutics. 

Raphanus  Marinus,  Cochlearia  armoracia  — 
r.  Raphanistrum,  see  Raphania  —  r.  Rusticanus, 
Cochlearia  armoracia — r.  Sylvestris,  see  Rapha- 
nia. 

RAPHE,  Bhaphe,  'a  suture.'  A  name  given  to 
prominent  lines  resembling  a  raised  stitch.  Such 
is  the  raphe  or  tramis  which  divides  the  scrotum 
into  two  parts,  and  which  extends  from  the  ante- 
rior part  of  the  anus  to  the  extremity  of  the  pe- 
nis. The  name  Baphe  seu  Litiea  Media'na  seu 
Sutu'ra  cor'poris  callo'si  exter'na  seu  chorda  lon- 
yitudina'lis,  is,  also,  given  to  two  prominent  lines 
which  are  longitudinal  and  parallel,  and  are 
soen  at  thi  apper  surface  of  the  corpus  callosum, 
extending  from  the  anterior  to  the  posterior  ex- 
tremity of  that  commissure. 


RAPHEX,  Chenopodium  vulvaria. 

RAPHIANKIS'TRON,  from  f>a(piov,  'a  needle,' 
and  ayKicrpov,  'a  hook.'  An  instrument  em- 
ployed in  the  formation  of  artificial  pupil. 

RAPHION,  Needle. 

RAPHIS,  Needle. 

RAPHYS,  Raphanus  hortensis. 

RAPISTRUM,  see  Raphania. 

BAPPOBT  (F.),  Bela'tio,  Benuncia'tio.  A 
deposition  made  by  a  ph3'sieian  or  surgeon  to 
prove  the  condition  of  a  person,  the  nature  of  a 
disease,  the  existence  or  non-existence  of  preg- 
nancy, sudden  or  violent  death,  itc.  Formerly, 
there  were  the  Bapports  dennnciatifs,  made  at  the 
desire  of  the  injured  or  their  friends,  and  intended 
to  point  out  to  the  judges  the  details  of  the  crime 
or  misdemeanor, — the  Bapiports  provisoires,  the 
object  of  which  was  to  oVjtain  provisions  for  the 
injured  individual,  both  as  regarded  food  and 
medicine,  and  to  defray  the  expenses  of  prosecu- 
tion;— and  Bcqiports  mixtes,  or  those  which  were 
both  denonciatifs  and  provisoires.  At  present, 
reports  or  depositions  are  generally  divided  into 
judiciary,  or  those  which  serve  to  throw  light  on 
the  subject  matter  of  any  civil  or  criminal  cause; 
and  administrative,  which  afford  information  on 
subjects  relating  to  any  branch  of  the  public  ad- 
ministration, as  on  the  nuisance,  or  otherwise,  of 
certain  establishments,  the  character  of  any  epi- 
demic, &c. 

BAPPOBT,  Eructation. 

RAPTUS  POST-TERGANEUS,  Opisthotonos. 

RAPUM  MAJUS,  Brassica  rapa. 

RAPUNTIUM  SYPHILITICUM,  Lobelia  sy- 
philitica. 

BAPUBE,  Rasura. 

RAPYS,  Raphanus  hortensis. 

BAQUETTE,  Cactus  opuntia. 

RAREFA'CIENS,  Barifa'eiens,  Araot'icm, 
(F.)  Earefiant  from  rarus,  'rare,'  and /aeere,  'to 
make.'  Medicines  were  so  termed,  which  were 
supposed  to  be  possessed  of  the  power  of  giving 
more  bulk  or  extension  to  the  blood  or  other 
humours. 

BABEFIANT,  Rarefaciens. 

RARIFACIENS,  Rarefaciens. 

RA'RITAS,  (F.)  Burets.  Rarity;  scantiness; 
fewness. 

Raritas  Den'tium.  a  large  space  between  the 
teeth,  which  appear  to  be,  and  may  be,  too  few. 

RASCATIO,  Excreation. 

RASCETA,  Carpus,  Malleolus— r.  Pedis,  Tar- 
sus. 

RASCHA,  Carpus,  Malleolus. 
■'     RASETA,  Carpus,  Malleolus. 

RASETTA,  Carpus,  Malleolus. 

RASH,  Exanthem  —  r.  Fever,  Scarlatina  —  r. 
Lichenous,  Lichen — r.  Mulberry,  see  Typhus — r. 
Nettle,  Urticaria — r.  Rose,  Roseola — r.  Summer, 
Lichen  tropicus  —  r.  Tooth,  Strophulus. 

BASOIB,  Razor. 

RASORISM.  The  Italian  medical  doctrine 
of  contro-stimulus,  of  which  Rasori  was  tho 
founder. 

RASORIUM,  Raspatorium. 

RASPATO'RIUM,  Baso'rium,  Bat'iila,  Scat- 
prum  raso'rium.  Xyster,  Xyste'rium,  Xystrum, 
Bad'ula,  Bunci'na,  Buncin'uln,  Scalprum,  (F. ) 
Engine,  Grattoir.  An  instrument  used  for  rasp- 
ing bones,  to  detach  the  periosteum,  —  either  in 
certain  surgical  operations,  or  for  anatomical  pur- 
poses. 

RASPBERRY,  Rubus  idteus— r.  Ground,  Hy. 
drastis  Cnnadensis- — r.  Wild,  Rubus  strigosus. 

RASSETA  PEDIS,  Tarsus. 

RASTETA,  Carpus,  MaUeolus. 


RASURA 


743 


RECLINATION 


RASU'RA,  Xyama,  Xysmos,  (F.)  Rapiire,  from 
radere^  rasum,  'to  scrape.'  A  rasure,  or  scratch, 
or  erosion.  Also,  the  rasping  or  shaving  of  any 
substance ;  as  Hasu'rce  Cornu  Oervi,  Hartshorn 
shavings. 

Rasura,  Scobs. 

RATAFI'A.  A  liquor  prepared  by  imparting 
to  ardent  spirits  the  flavour  of  various  kinds  of 
fruits,  adding  sugar. 

RATANHT,  Krameria  ratanhia — r.  of  the  An- 
tilles, Erameria  ixina. 

BATE,  Spleen. 

RATELEUX,  Spleneticus. 

R ATELIER,  see  Dentier. 

RATIO,  Rationa'litas,  from  reor,  ratns,  *to 
think.'  A  reason,  a  cause,  an  explanation,  a 
mode  or  manner;  as  Ratio  symptom' alum,  an  ex- 
planation of  the  symptoms, — Ratio  meden'di, 
Gentis  curatio'nis,  Via  eurandi;  the  mode  or 
manner  of  cure. 

Ratio,  Reason  —  r.  Medendi,  see  Ratio  —  r. 
Symptomatum,  see  Ratio. 

RAT'TONAL,  Rationa'lis.  That  which  is 
conformable  to  reason.  This  epithet  is  often  op- 
posed to  empirical ;  as  rational  treatment.  The 
French,  also,  say  Signes  rationales,  in  opposition 
to  Signes  sensihles.     See  Organic. 

RATIOJfALITAS,  Ratio. 

RATSBANE,  Arsenious  acid. 

RATTLE,  Rdle. 

RATTLES,  THE,  see  Rale. 

RATTLEBUSH,  Sophora  tinctoria. 

RATTLESNAKE,  Crotalus  horridus— r.  Leaf, 
Goodyera  pubescens  —  r.  Plantain,  Goodyera  pu- 
bescens — r.  Root,  Nabalus  albus,  Polygala  senega, 
Trillium  latifolium — r.  Weed,  Hieracium  venosum. 

RATTLESNAKE'S  MASTER,  Agave  Virgi- 
nica,  Liatris  scariosa,  Nabalus  albus. 

RATTLEWEED,  Acteea  raeemosa. 

RATULA,  Raspatorium. 

RAUCE'DO,  Rau'citas,  Parapho'nia  ravca, 
Asper'itas  Arte'ricB  as'percB,  Vox  rauca,  Bran- 
chiis,  Hoarseness,  (F.)  Enrouement,  Raiieite.  A 
change  in  the  voice,  which  loses  its  smoothness 
and  becomes  low  and  obscure.  It  is  a  common 
symptom  in  diseases  of  the  larynx  and  trachea. 

Raucedo  Catareha'lis.  Hoarseness  from 
eold. 

RAUCITx\S,  Raucedo. 

i?^C^C/r J,  Raucedo. 

RAUCOUS,  Raucus.  Hoarse ;  as  a  raucous 
voice — Vox  rauca  seu  raucis'ona. 

RA  VE,  Brassiea  rapa. 

RA  YONNE,  Radiated. 

RAYONS  SOUS-IRIENS,  Ciliary  processes. 

RAZOR,  Culter  Tonsor'ius,  Machm'ris,  Norac'- 
vla,  Xyrum,  Xyrus,  (P.)  Rasoir,  from  radere, 
rasum,  '  to  shave.'  An  instrument  for  shaving. 
Used  in  surgery  to  remove  hairs,  where  they 
would  interfere  with  any  operation. 

REACHING,  Vomiturition. 

REACTION,  Reac'tio,  from  re,  'again,'  and 
agere,  actum,  'to  act.'  An  action  of  resistance 
to  a  power  applied.  A  species  of  vital  move- 
ment or  excitement,  tending  to  prevent  or  de- 
stroy the  effects  of  any  noxious  power  applied  to 
the  animal  economy,  and  which,  by  some,  has 
been  attributed  to  the  vis  medicatrix  naturm. 
It  is  certainly  dependent  on  the  organic  instinc- 
tive actions  of  the  frame.  It  is  the  state  of  acti- 
vity which  succeeds  the  action  on  the  nervous 
system  of  certain  morbific  influences. 

REAL'GAR,  Realgal,  Arlada,  Arladar,  Auri- 
jnymen'tum  ruhrum,  Arsen'ieum  ruhrum  facti"- 
tiwn,  Ahesal,  Sandara'cha  GrcBco'rum,  Red  Sul- 


phuref   of   Mercury.      A   violent   poison.      Seo 
Poison. 

REASON,  Ra'tio,  Logos,  (F.)  Raiwn.  Same 
etymon  as  Ratio.  The  faculty  or  property  of  the 
mind  by  means  of  which  man  perceives  the  dis- 
tinction between  right  and  wrong,  in  physics  as 
well  as  in  morals.  Reason  is  a  just  conclusion 
resulting  from  the  comparison  of  two  ideas,  by 
virtue  of  which  we  form  a  judgment. 

REBOLEA,  Mummy. 

REBONA,  Mummy. 

REBOUTEUR,  Renoueur. 

RECEIVER,  Amjndla,  (F.)  Ballon,  Reci;uent. 
In  pharmacy,  a  wide-necked  globular  vessel,  tho 
neck  of  which  widens  gradually  outwards,  to 
receive  the  tapering  beak  of  the  retort  in  distilla- 
tion. Like  the  retort,  the  receiver  may  be  j^lai^ 
or  tubulated. 

A  quilled  receiver  is  one  that  has  a  tapering 
tube  from  its  lower  surface,  which  is  inserted  into 
a  graduated  bottle  through  a  cork  joint,  when  it 
is  desirable  to  know  accurately  the  amount  of 
fluid  that  has  passed  over. 

RECEPTACULA  DUR^  MATRIS,  Sinuses 
of  the  dnra  mater. 

RECEPTAC'ULUM  CHYLI,  'receptacle  of 
the  chyle;'  R.  Pecquet'i  seu  Pecquetia'num,  Bi- 
verso'rium  Chyli,  Stagnum  chyli,  Sac'culus  chy'- 
lifer  seu  ro'rifer,  Saccus  lac'teus,  Al'veus  ampul- 
lo'sus  seu  ampulles'cens,  Vtric'uliis  lacteus,  Ve- 
sic'ula  chyli,  Ampul'la  chylif'era  seu  chyli,  Gis- 
ter'na  lumba'ris,  C.  Chyli,  Ghylocys'tis,  Chylodo- 
chi'um,  Lat'ices  lactei.  Lumbar  cistern.  Reservoir 
of  Pecquet,  (F.)  Reservoir  du  chyle,  R.  de  Pec- 
quet, Citerne  lomhaire.  A  considerable  dilatation 
of  the  thoracic  duct,  in  front  of  the  lumbar  region 
of  the  vertebral  column.  It  is  the  commence- 
ment of  the  duct. 

Receptac'ulum  Cotux'nii.  a  triangular 
space,  formed  by  a  separation  of  the  two  lamina; 
of  the  dura  mater  of  the  internal  ear,  near  the 
middle  of  the  posterior  surface  of  the  pars  pe- 
trosa  of  the  temporal  bone,  where  the  aquseduc- 
tus  vestibuli  terminates.  It  is  always  filled  with 
the  Fluid  of  Cotugno. 

RECEPTAC0LUM  Pecqceti,  R.  Chyli — r.  Sella? 
equinifi  lateribus  appositum,  Cavernous  sinus. 

RECEPTIVITY,  Receptiv'itas,  (F.)  Recepti- 
vite,  from  reeipere,  receptum,  '  to  receive.'  A 
word  used  by  Tissot  to  express  the  susceptibility 
of  certain  organs  to  receive  morbific  impressions. 

RECEPTUM,  Prescription. 

RECESSIO.  Paroxysm. 

RECESSUS,  Abscess,  Sinus  — r.  Sulciformis, 
see  Fovea  vestibuli. 

RECHAMALCA,  Racharaelca. 

RECHUTE,  see  Relapse. 

RECIDIVA  MORBI,  Relapse. 

RECIBIVE,  see  Relapse. 

RECIPE,  (L.)  {re,  and  capere,  'to  take.') 
A  Latin  word  which  signifies  'take,'  (F.)  Prenez, 
and  with  which  prescriptions  are  commenced. 
It  is,  often,  represented  by  R,  R,  and  wns  for- 
merly by  il,  the  symbol  of  Jove.  See  Abbrevia- 
tion. 

RECIPIENT,  Receiver. 

RECIPROCATION,  VIBRATIONS  OF,  see 
Sound. 

RECLINATIO,  Reclination— r.  Palpebrarum, 
Ectropion. 

RECLINA'TION,  Reclina'tio,  from  reclinare, 
{re,  and  clinare,  'to  bend,')  'to  bend  back.'  A 
mode  of  operating  for  the  cataract,  which  con 
sists  in  applying  the  needle  in  a  certain  manne» 
to  the  anterior  surface  of  the  cataract  and  de- ' 
pressing  it  into  the  vitreous  humour,  in  such  a 
way,  that  the  front  surface  of  the  cataract  is  tha 
upper  one  and  its  back  gurface  the  lower  one. 


RECLUSOR 


744 


RECTUS 


RECLUSOR  PALPEBRARUM,  Levator  pal- 
jebrse  superioris. 

RECOMPOSITION,  Metasynchrisis. 

RECONVALESCENTIA,  Convalescence. 

RECORD ATIO,  Memory. 

RECORD ATUS,  Memory. 

RECORPORATIVUS,  Metasyncritic. 

RECOVERY,  Restanratio. 

RECREATIO,  Restauratio. 

RECREMENT,  Recremen'tum,  from  re,  and 
r.ernere,  cretum,  '  to  sift.'  A  humour,  Tvliieh,  after 
having  been  separated  from  the  blood,  is  again 
returned  to  it ;  such  as  the  saliva,  the  secretion 
of  serous  membranes,  &(i.  Such  fluid  is  said  to 
t)e  recrementitial,   (F.)  Hicrementeux,  Mecremen- 

RECREMENTA  VESICAE,  Urine. 

RECREMEN'TO-EXCREMENTIT"IAL. 
Applied  to  secreted  fluids,  as  the  saliva,  bile,  &c., 
which  are  in  part  reabsorbed  and  in  part  excreted. 

RECREMENTUM,  Recrement. 

RECRUDESCEN'TIA,  Palmcote'sis,  Recrti- 
dea'cenee,  from  re,  'again,'  and  crudus,  'raw.' 
An  increase  of  a  disease  after  a  temporary  re- 
mission. 

RECTAL,  Recta'lis.  Appertaining,  or  relating 
to,  the  recturq,  —  as  'rectal  tube.'  See  Tube, 
rectal. 

RECTIFICA'TION,  Reetijica'tio,  from  rectnm 
faeere,  '  to  make  right.'  An  operation  by  which 
certain  liquids  are  purified  by  distilling  them 
either  singly  or  after  admixture  with  other  sub- 
stances. 

RBCTFTIS.  A  hybrid  word,  from  rectum, 
and  itis,  denoting  inflammation  ;  properly  archi- 
tk,  or  proctitis.  Inflammation  of  the  rectum. 
Proctitis,  ProetaV gia  inflammato'ria. 

RECTOSTENOSIS,  Stricture  of  the  rectum. 

RECTO-VAG"INAL,  Recto-vagina'lis.  That 
which  relates  or  belongs  to  the  rectum  or  vagina. 

Recto-vaginal  Fistula  is  owing  to  a  preter- 
natural communication  between  the  rectum  and 
vagina,  through  the  above  septum. 

Recto-vaginal  Septum,  (F.)  Cloison  recto- 
r.aginale,  is  formed  by  the  junction  —  back  to 
back  —  (or  by  what  the  French  term  adossement) 
of  the  rectum  and  vagina.  It  separates  these 
two  canals  from  each  other. 

RECTO- VES'ICAL,  Recto-vesica'lis.  Having 
relation  to  the  rectum  and  bladder;  as  the  "recto- 
vesical fold  or  pouch"  of  the  peritoneum,  between 
the  rectum  and  bladder. 

RECTUM;  so  called  from  a  notion  that  it  is 
straight.  It  is  not  so.  Intesti'nuvi  Rectum, 
Apeuthys'menos,  Euthyen'teron,  Longaon,  Longas, 
Longanon,  Archos,  Cys'saros,  Princeps,  Monoco'- 
lon  (?).  The  third  and  last  portion  of  the  great 
intestine.  It  forms  the  continuation  of  the  sig- 
moid flexure  of  the  colon,  occupies  the  posterior 
part  of  the  pelvis,  and  extends  from  the  left  side 
of  the  sacro-vertebral  articulation  to  the  coccyx, 
before  which  it  opens  outwards  by  the  orifice 
called  the  anus.  It  is  cylindrical,  but  saccated, 
as  it  were,  at  its  inferior  portion,  where  it  is  con- 
sequently larger,  and  is  attached  to  the  sacrum 
by  the  mesorectum.  Like  the  other  portions  of 
the  cansil  it  is  formed  of  three  membranes.  To- 
wards the  lower  extremity,  some  parallel  and 
longitudinal  wrinkles  are  observable  on  its  inner 
surface :  these  are  the  Columns,  Colum'nm  car'- 
nem  of  the  Rectum  or  of  Morgagni,  (P.)  Colonncs 
iln  rectum  ou  de  Morgagni.  They  are  merely 
Folds  of  the  mucous  memlsrane,  between  which  is 
a  number  of  Lacunrg.  The  arteries  of  the  rectum 
HFC  Eumerous.  They  proceed  from  the  inferior 
mesenteric,  hypogastric,  and  internal  pudic,  and 
are  called  hemorrhoidal.     The  veins  open,  partly 


into  the  hypogastric  vein,  partly  into  the  infentr 
mesenteric.  The  nerves  proceed  from  the  sciatic 
and  hypogastric  plexuses.  The  rectum  receives 
the  fsocal  matters,  as  they  pass  from  the  colon, 
which  serves  as  a  reservoir. 

RECTUS  ABDOMINIS,  (F.)  Puhio-sterval, 
Sterno-pnhien  (Ch.),  Droit  de  I'abdomen.  A  long 
flat  muscle,  situate  at  the  anterior  part  of  the 
abdomen,  and  separated  from  that  of  the  opposite 
side  by  the  linea  alba.  It  is  attached,  above,  to 
the  cartilages  of  the  last  three  true  ribs;  and, 
below,  to  the  pubis  by  a  very  strong  tendon,  the 
outer  edge  of  which  is  continuous  with  the  fascia 
transversalis.  This  muscle  is  enclosed  in  an 
aponeurotic  sheath;  and,  in  its  course,  has. three 
or  four  transverse  aponeurotic  intersections.  It 
bends  the  chest  on  the  pelvis,  and  conversely. 

Rectus  Anterior  Brevis,  Rectus  capitis  in- 
ternus  minor — r.  Anterior  longus,  R.  capitis  in- 
ternns  major  —  r.  Capitis  anticus  longus,  R.  c. 
internus  major. 

Rectus  Capitis  Inteknus  Major,  R,  intemua 
major,  R.  anterior  longiis.  Rectus  capitis  anti'cus 
longus,  (F. )  Trachelo-hasilaire,  Grand  droit  an- 
terieur  de  la  tete.  This  muscle  is  long  in  pro- 
portion to  its  breadth,  flat,  and  broader  above 
than  below.  It  is  situate  at  the  anterior  and 
lateral  part  of  the  neck,  and  arises  from  the 
transverse  processes  of  the  third,  fourth,  fifth, 
and  sixth  cervical  vertebrsae.  It  is  inserted  into 
the»basilary  process  of  the  occipital  bone. 

Rectus  Capitis  Internus  Minor,  R,  internus 
minor,  Ren'uens,  An'nuens,  R,  anterior  brevis, 
(F.)  Petit  trachelo-hasilaire,  Petit  droit  anterieur 
de  la  tete.  This  is  situate  deeper  than  the  last. 
It  is  thin,  flattened,  irregularly  quadrilateral, 
and  passes  from  the  anterior  surface  of  the  body 
of  the  first  vertebra,  near  the  origin  of  the  trans- 
verse process,  to  be  inserted  into  the  basilary 
process. 

Rectus  Capitis  Latera'lis,  R.  lateralis  Fal- 
lo'pii,  Transversa' lis  anti'cus  primus.  Rectus  late- 
ralis, (F.)  Trachelo-atloido-hasilaire,  Atlo'ido- 
sous-occipital  (Ch.),  Droit  lateral  de  la  tete. 
There  is  a  muscle  of  this  name  on  each  side  of 
the  head.  It  is  flat,  quadrilateral,  and  passes 
from  the  transverse  process  of  the  atlas  to  the 
occiput,  behind  the  jugular  fossa.  It  inclines  the 
head  to  one  side. 

Rectus  Capitis  Posti'cus  Major,  R.  Ifajor, 
R.  Capitis  posti'cus  minor  (Albinus),  Spini-a.c- 
o'ido-occipita'lis,  (F.)  Axo'ido-occipitale  (Ch.), 
Grand  droit  posterieur  de  la  tete.  A  flat,  trian- 
gular muscle,  situate  at  the  posterior  and  superior 
part  of  the  neck.  It  extends  from  the  spinous 
process  of  the  second  cervical  vertebra  to  the 
external  surface  of  the  lower  semicircular  ridge 
of  the  occipital  bone.  This  muscle  extends  the 
head,  inclines  it  to  one  side,  and  causes  it  to  ex- 
perience a  rotary  motion,  which  directs  the  face 
to  its  side. 

Rectus  Capitis  Posti'cus  Minor,  R.  minot, 
(F.)  Ttiber- atln'ido- occipital,  Atlo'ido- occipital 
(Ch.),  Petit  droit  posterieicr  de  la  tete.  A  flat, 
triangular  muscle,  situate  beneath  the  last,  which 
passes  from  the  posterior  arch  of  the  atlas  to  the 
occipital  bone.     It  extends  the  head. 

Rectus  Capitis  Posticus  Minor,  R.  c.  p, 
major  —  r.  Cruris,  R.  femoris. 

Rectus  Externus  Oculi,  Abductor  oculi,  Tn- 
dignahun'dus,  Indignato'rius,  Iracun'dus,  Oc'u- 
lum  movens  secnn'dus,  Orbito-ejetus-scleroticieu, 
All  the  recti  muscles  of  the  eye,  four  in  number, 
arise  from  the  bottom  of  the  orbit,  and  are  in- 
serted into  the  sclerotic  coat  of  the  eye.  The 
Rectus  externus,  (F.)  Droit  cxterne.  Irascible  ou 
Ahducleur,  is  divided,  at  its  posterior  extremity, 
into  two  portions,  one  of  which  is  attached  to  the 


REGUBITORIUM 


745 


REGIMEN 


euter  part  of  the  foramen  opticum,  and  the  other 
to  the  sphenoid  bone. 

Rectus  Fem'oris,  Rectus  sive  Grac"ilis  ante- 
rior, Rectus  cruris,  (F.)  liio-rotulien.  Droit  ante- 
rieur  de  la  cuirse.  A  straight  muscle,  seated  at 
the  anterior  part  of  the  thigh.  It  extends  from 
the  anterior  and  inferior  spine  of  the  ilium  and 
the  cotyloid  cavity  of  the  patella.  This  muscle 
extends  the  leg  upon  the  thigh,  and  conversely. 
It  can,  also,  bend  the  thigh  upon  the  pelvis  or 
carry  the  pelvis  forward. 

Rectus  Inferior  Oculi,  Depres'sor  oculi,  Tim'- 
idus,  Dep'rimens,  Hu'milis,  Oc'ulum  movens  quar- 
tns,  (F.)  Sovs-optico-spheno-scleroticien,  Droit  in- 
ferieur  ou  abaisseur  de  I'oeil,  Jfuscle  hunible, 
arises  below  the  optic  foramen,  from  the  sphenoid 
bone.     It  depresses  the  eye. 

Rectus  Internus  Oc'uli,  Addu'cens  oculi,  Bi- 
hito'rius,  Oculi  adductor,  Oculum  movens  primus, 
(F.)  Orbito-intus-scleroticien,  Droit  interne  de 
Voeil  ou  adducteur  ou  buveur.  It  arises  from  the 
sphenoid  at  the  inferior  part  of  the  foramen  opti- 
cum.    It  turns  the  eye  towards  the  nose. 

Rectus  Superior  Oculi,  Attol'lens  ocxdi,  At- 
tol'lena  oc'ulum,,  Leva'tor  oculi,  Superbus,  Eleva'- 
tor  octdi,  Oculum  movens  tertius,  (F.)  Sus-optico- 
tpheno-scleroticien.  Droit  superieur  ou  elevateur 
de  I'oeil,  Dedaigneur,  is  attached  to  the  circum- 
ference of  the  foramen  opticum. 

All  the  recti  muscles  are  concerned  in  the 
voluntary  motions  of  the  eye.  The  oblique  mus- 
cles have  been  supposed  by  Sir  C.  Bell  to  execute 
the  involuntary. [?] 

Rectus  Irferior  Femoris,  Gracilis  —  r.  In- 
ternus  major,  R.  capitis  internus  major  —  r.  In- 
ternus  minor,  R.  capitis  internus  minor  —  r.  La- 
teralis, R.  capitis  lateralis  —  r.  Lateralis  Fallopii, 
R.  capitis  lateralis — r.  Major,  R.  capitis  posticus 
major  —  r.  Minor,  R.  capitis  posticus  minor. 

REGUBITORIUM,  Anaclinterium. 

RECUPERATION,  Restauratio. 

RECU'PERATIVE,  Recu'peratory,  from  reeii- 
peratio,  '  recovery.'  Restorative.  Recovering. 
Belonging  to  recovery. 

RECUR'RENT,  Recur'rens,  from  recurrere, 
(re,  and  c«)-/-e)-e),  '  to  run  back.'  A  name  given 
to  several  arterial  and  nervous  branches,  which 
seem  to  re-ascend  towards  the  origin  of  the  trunk 
whence  they  emanate. 

Recurrent  Arteries.  This  name  has  been 
given  to  several  arteries  of  the  forearm,  and  to 
one  of  the  leg.  In  i\ie  forearm,  there  are,  1.  The 
Radial  recurrent,  Artere  recurrente  de  I'epicon- 
dyle  (Ch.),  which  arises  from  the  superior  part 
of  the  radial,  and  ascends  between  the  supinator 
longus,  s.  brevis,  and  the  brachialis  internus.  2. 
The  anterior  cubital  recurrent,  A.  recurrente  de 
I'epitrochlee  (Ch.),  which  arises  from  the  upper 
and  inner  part  of  the  cubital,  and  ascends  be- 
tween the  pronator  teres  and  brachialis  internus. 
3.  The  posterior  cubital  recui-rent,  which  arises 
from  the  preceding' artery,  or  from  the  cubital 
itself,  and  ascends  between  the  olecranon  and  in- 
ternal tuberosity  of  the  humerus.  4.  The  poste- 
rior radial  recurrent,  A.  recurrente  olecranienne 
(Ch.).  It  arises  from  the  posterior  interosseous, 
and  ascends  between  the  posterior  cubital  and 
anconeus  muscles.  In  the  leg, — the  Arteria  re- 
cnrrens  tibia'lis,  A.  recurrente  du  genou  (Ch.),  is 
furnished  by  the  anterior  tibial,  and  ascends  to 
the  tibialis  anticus  muscle. 

Recurrent  Bandages  are  formed  by  convo- 
lutions of  the  bandages,  which  make  a  kind  of 
cap  for  the  part  —  as  the  head  —  to  which  they 
are  applied. 

RECURVATIO,  see  Hump, 

JIECUTITUS,  Apella. 

ItE^BEAN,  Abrus  precatorius. 


REDBERRY,  Arbutus  uva  ursi,  Gaultheria, 
Panax  quinquefolium — r.  Bitter,  Cornus  Florida 

RED  HEAD,  Asclepias  Carassavica — r.  Root, 
Celastrus,  Sanguinaria  Canadensis  —  r.  Swamp, 
Vaccinum  oxycoccos. 

REDIMICULUM,  Diadema. 

REDINGOTES  ANGLAISES,  see  Condom. 

REDINTEGRATIO,  Regeneration,  Restau- 
ratio. 

REDIVIA,  Paronychia. 

REDON^DANGE,  Plethora. 

i?£'X>0£/5Z£:j/£j.VT,Exacerbation,Paroxysm. 

REDS,  Menses. 

REDUCTIO,  Taxis  — r.  Praputii  Impedita, 
Phimosis. 

REDUCTION,  Reduc'tio,  Reposif'io,  Resti- 
tu'tio,  Diap'lasis,  Diaplas'mus,  Syntax'is,  from 
re,  and  ducere,  ductum,  '  to  lead.'  A  surgical 
operation,  the  object  of  which  is  to  restore  dis- 
placed parts  to  their  original  situation.  Thug, 
we  say  the  reduction  of  a  luxation,  when  the 
displaced  parts  are  again  brought  to  their  proper 
relative  situation.  The  reduction  of  a  hernia  is 
the  restoration  of  the  protruded  parts  to  the  ca- 
vity of  the  abdomen.    This  is,  also,  called  Taxis, 

In  pharmacy,  the  process  of  restoring  oxides, 
chlorides,  sulphurets,  &c.,  to  the  metallic  state. 

REDUNDANTIA,  Plethora. 

REDUVIA,  Paronychia. 

REED  MACE,  Typha  latifolia. 

REFECTIO,  Restauratio. 

REFECTIVA,  Analeptica. 

REFECTUS,  Restauratio. 

REFICIENTIA,  Analeptica. 

REFLECTION,  Duplicature. 

REFLECTOR  EPIGLOT'TIDIS.  A  muscle, 
which  arises  from  the  arytenoid  cartilage  and  in- 
ner part  of  the  thyroid,  and  is  inserted  into  the 
lateral  edges  of  the  epiglottis. 

REFLEX   SYSTEM   OF  NERVES,  see 

REFLBXIO  PALPEBRARUM,  Ectropion. 

REFRACTION,  Refrac'tio,  Photocampi'ais, 
Dia'clasis,  from  re,  and  frango,  '1  break.'  The 
change  of  direction  which  rays  of  light  experience 
when  they  pass  obliquely  from  one  medium  into 
another  of  different  density.  If  the  light  passes 
from  a  rarer  to  a  denser  medium,  it  approaches 
the  perpendicular  raised  at  the  point  of  immer- 
sion. The  contrary  occurs,  when  it  goes  from  a 
denser  to  a  rarer  medium.  The  theory  of  lenses, 
telescopes,  and  of  the  eye,  rests  entirely  on  this 
property  of  light. 

REFRAICHISSANTS,  Refrigerants. 

REFRIGERANT,  see  Alembic. 

REFRIG"ERANTS,  Refrigeran'tia,  Psyeh'ti- 
ca,  Antither'ma,  Frigefacien'tia,  (F.)  Refraichis- 
sans,  Refrigeratifs,  from  re,  a,nd  frigere,  '  to  cool.' 
Medicines  which  depress  the  morbid  temperature 
of  the  body.  The  chief  reputed  refrigerants  are 
the  Potassae  Nitras(?),  the  Sodse  Boras  (?),  but 
chiefly  the  abstraction  of  caloric  by  ice  and  ice- 
drinks,  cold  water,  cold  lemonades,  soda-water, 
and  effervescing  draughts  internally;  and  exter- 
nally, cool  air,  cold  water,  evaporating  lotions, 
and  frigorific  mixtures. 

REFRIGERA  TIES,  Refrigerants. 

REFRIGERATOR,  see  Alembic. 

REGENERATIO,  Reproduction. 

REGBNERA'TION,  Regenera'tio,  Palingen'e- 
sis.  Redintegra'tio,  from  re,  and  generare,  'to 
beget.'  Reproduction  of  a  part  of  the  body, 
which  has  been  destroyed. 

REG"IMEN,  from  regere,  'to  govern.'  The 
rational  and  methodical  use  of  food,  and  of  every 
thing  essential  to  life ;  both  in  a  state  of  health 
and  disease.    It  is  often  restricted,  in  its  meaa« 


RBGINA 


7*6 


REJUSSIOX 


?ng,  to  Diet.  It  is  sometimes  used  synonymously 
with  hygiene. 

REGINA  PRATI,  Spiraea  ulmaria. 

REtilO,  Region. 

Regio  Auricdlakis.     The  region  of  the  ear. 

Regio  Bucca'lis.     The  region  of  the  cheeks. 

Regio  Cardiaca,  Epigastric  region. 

Regio  Cbrvica'lis.  The  region  of  the  neck. 
The  cervical  region. 

Regio  Epigastrica,  Epigastrium. 

Regio  Facia'lis.     The  facial  region. 

Regio  Frontalis.     The  frontal  region. 

Regio  Gastrica,  Umbilical  region  —  r.  Hypo- 
pastriea,  see  Hypogastrium — r.  Hypochondriaca, 
llypochondre — -r.  Iliaca,  Iliac  region — r.  Ingui- 
nalis,  Inguinal  region  —  r.  Ischiadica,  Ischiadic 
region — r.  Jugalis,  Jugal  region  —  r.  Lumbalis, 
Lumbi — r.  Mentalis,  Mental  region — r.  Mesogas- 
trica,  Umbilical  region — r.  Nasalis,  Nasal  region 
— r.  Nuch«,  Nuchal  region — r.  Nuehalis,  Nuchal 
region — r.  Occipitalis,  Occiput — r.  Occipitalis  in- 
ferior, Nuchal  region  —  r.  Perinsei,  Perina3um  — 
r.  Prsecordiaca,  Prsecordial  region  —  r.  Pubis, 
Pubic  region  —  r.  Stomachalis,  Epigastric  region 
— r.  Stomachica,  Epigastric  region — r.  Tempora- 
lis, Temple — r.  Umbilicalis,  Umbilical  region. 

RE'GION,  Re'gio.  Same  etymon.  Anatomists 
Lave  called  regions,  determinate  spaces  on  the 
surface  of  the  body  or  of  different  organs.  Thus, 
the  abdomen  has  been  divided  into  several ;  to 
vrhich  different  names  have  been  given.  See 
Abdomen,  Epigastrium,  Hypochondrium,  Hypo- 
gastrium. 

REGION  OMBILICALE,  Umbilical  region. 

REGIONAL  ANATOMY,  see  Anatomy. 

REGLES,  Menses  —  r.  Devies,  Menstruation, 
vicarious — r.  Difficiles,  Dysmenorrhoea. 

REGLISSE,  Glycyrrhiza. 

REGLUTINATIO,  DecoUement. 

REGNE  ANIMAL,  see  Animal. 

REG'ULAR,  Regula'ris,  from  regiila,  'a  rule.' 
According  to  rule.  Applied  to  the  types  of  a 
disease,  and  to  the  pulse,  when  according  to 
rule. 

Regular  Practit"ioner.  One  who  practises 
his  profession  according  to  the  rules  established 
by  law  or  custom. 

REGULUS  ANTIMONII,  Antimonium. 

REGURGITA'TION,  Regurgita'tio.  The  act 
by  which  a  canal  or  reservoir  frees  itself,  without 
effort,  from  substances  accumulated  in  it.  Usu- 
ally, it  is  applied  to  the  pnkivg  or  2'>088et.!ng  of 
infants  ;  and  to  the  rising  of  solids  or  fluids  into 
the  mouth  in  the  adult, — from  re,  and  gorge,  'the 
throat.'  What  is  called  "  vomiting  at  pleasure" 
is  regurgitation. 

The  substances  brought  into  the  mouth  by  re- 
gurgitation, the  French  call  Renvois, 

REIN,  Kidney. 

REINE  BES  PRES,  Spirroa  ulmaria. 

REINERZ,  MINERAL  WATERS  OP.  Rein- 
erz  is  a  small  town  in  Silesia,  three  German  miles 
from  Glatz.  The  waters  are  acidulous  chaly- 
beates.  The  principal  springs  are  the  tepid 
drinking  spring,  the  cold  spring,  and  three  bath- 
ing springs. 

REINFORCE'MENT,  FASCICULUS  OF,  F. 
Cunea'tHS.  A  band  of  fibres  from  the  corpus  in- 
iiowinatum,  or  lateral  part  of  the  antero-lateral 
column  of  the  medulla,  which  is  continued  up 
behind  and  around  the  corpus  olivare,  is  lined  on 
its  inner  or  central  surface  with  cineritious  sub- 
ptance,  enlarges  as  it  ascends,  passes  over  the 
upper  surface  of  the  pons  Varolii,  and  is  expanded 
into  the  optic  thalamus.  It  thus  forms,  in  its 
cours*,  the  anterior  piirics  of  the  fourth  ventricle, 
and  is  brought  into  view  by  brushing  away  the 


fulereuhim  cincreum  or  gray  matter  of  the  ven- 
tricle. The  band  has  received  these  names  owing 
to  its  constantly  increasing  as  it  <)seeuds,  and  be- 
ing mixed  up  with  gray  matter  on  its  inner  face, 
from  which  it  seems  to  derive  new  fibres. 

REINS,  Kidneys,  Lumbi. 

REJEC'TIO,  Anago'ge,  from  re,  and  Jacere, 
'to  cast.'  Every  excretion  by  the  mouth;  spit- 
ting,  expectoration,  regurgitation,  or  vomiting. 

Rejectio  Sanguinis  e  Pulmonibus,  Hemop- 
tysis. 

REJUVENES'CENCE,  Rejuvenef<cen'tia,  from 
re,  'again,  and  jHvenescens,  'growing  young;' 
(juvenis,  'a  youth').  A  renewal  of  youth.  The 
state  of  being  young  again.  The  assumption  of 
the  characteristics  of  youth  by  the  aged. 

RELA  CHEilENT,  Relaxation. 

PlELAPSE,  Hypot'rope,  Epis'trop>lie,  Hypos'- 
trojyhe,  Morhi  recidi'va,  Hypotro2)i<Js' m\is,  from 
re,  'again,'  and  labor,  'I  fall  down.'  The  return 
of  a  disease,  during,  or  shortly  after,  convales- 
cence. The  French  use  Rechnte  in  this  sense  ; 
and  Recidive  {Aforbus  recidi'vus)  for  the  return 
of  a  complaint,  at  a  greater  or  less  period  after 
the  complete  restoration  of  health. 

The  terms  Relapsing  fever,  Short  fever.  Five- 
day  fever,  Seven-day  fever,  Bil'ions  Remitl'eiit 
fever.  Remitting  Icteric  fever,  and  Mild  Yellow 
fever,  have  been  given  to  a  form  of  continued 
fever,  which  has  occasionally  appeared  epidemi- 
cally, as  in  Edinburgh,  in  1843  and  1847,  and 
was  generally  attended  with  icteric  symptoms. 
The  main  phenomena  disappeared  at  about  the 
end  of  a  week ;  but  in  many  cases  a  relapse  oc- 
curred about  the  end  of  a  fortnight.  Few  died 
of  the  affection. 

RELAPSING  FEVER,  see  Relapse. 

RELATIO,  Rapport. 

RELATION.  FUNCTIONS  OF,  see  Function. 

RELAX'ANT,  Laxans,  Blalact'icnm,  Chalas'- 
ticum,  Paret'icum,  (F.)  Relachant,  from  re,  and 
laxare,  'to  loose.'  A  medicine  which  diminishes 
the  tension  of  organs.  Mucilaginous  and  fatty 
substances  are  relaxants. 

RELAXANTIA,  Emollients. 

RELAXATIO  CORDIS  ET  ARTERIARUM, 
Diastole. 

RELAXA'TION,  Relaxa'tio.  Same  etymon. 
Chala'sis,  Chalas'mos,  {¥.)  RelacJiement.  In  Phy- 
siology, relaxation  is  opposed  to  contraction.  In 
Pathology,  it  means  great  looseness  of  a  part. 

RELEVEUR  BE  L'ANUS,  Levator  ani  — 
r.  de  la  Levre  inferieitre.  Levator  labii  inferioris 
—  r,  du  Menton,  Levator  labii  inferioris  —  r.  de 
r  Omoplate,  Levator  scapulae  —  r.  de  la  Prostate, 
Levator  prostatae — r.  de  I'Ureihre,  Levator  ure- 
thras. 

RELIQUAT,  (F.)  The  remnant  or  remains 
of  a  disease. 

REMAK  FIBRES,  see  Fibres,  Remak. 

REMA^NSIO  MENSIUM,  Amenorrhoea. 

REMEDE,  Clyster,  Medicament  —  r.  du  Ca- 
puchin,  Liquor  hydrargyri  nitrici — r.  de  Btirand, 
Liquor  anodynus  terebinthinatus  —  r.  du  JJue 
d'Antin,  Liquor  hydrargyri  nitrici. 

REMEDIAL,  Medicinal. 

REMEDIATE,  Medicinal 

REMEDILESS,  Incurable. 

REMEDIUM,  Juvans,  Medicament  —  r.  Den- 
tifricium,  Dentifrice. 

REMEDY,  Medicament— r.  English,  Cinchona. 

REMISSIO,  Decline,  Remission  — r.  Cordis  et 
Arteriarum,  Diastole  —  r.  Morbi,  Remission  —  r. 
Virium,  Atony. 

REMIS'SION,  Remis'sio,  Epan'esis,  An'eeia, 
Submis'sio,  Ap>h'esi8,  En'dosis,  Remis'sio,  Meio'- 
sis,  from  remittere,  {re,  and  mittere,  '  to  send'). 


REMITTEES 


747^ 


EEPKODUCTION 


'  to  relax.  In  a  more  extensive  signification,  a 
temporary  diminution  of  the  symptoms  of  a  dis- 
ease, either  acute  or  chronic,  Remis'sio  morhi. 
Diminution  in  the  febrile  symptoms,  such  as 
occurs  in  a  remittent  fever,  between  the  exacer- 
bations. 

REMITTENS  ICTERODES,  Fever,  yellow. 

REMIT'TENT,  Remit'tens.  Same  etymon. 
Any  disease  which  presents  remissions. 

Remittent  of  Children,  Eever,  infantile  re- 
mittent. 

Remittent  Fever,  Fehris  remit'tens,  Epart'e- 
tus,  Exac"€rhating,  paroxysmal,  sub-continual, 
cndem'ic,  endem'ial  or  endem'ical  fever,  (F.)  Eie- 
vre  remittente,  is  one  which  strikingly  exacerbates 
and  remits,  but  without  intermission.  The  ordi- 
nary bilious  fever  of  the  United  States  is  a  simple 
remittent — Epanetus  initis,  (F.)  Fievre  remittente 
simple. 

Remittent  Fever,  Bilious,  Remittent  fever, 
see  Relapse. 

Remitting  Icteric  Fever,  see  Relapse. 

REM'ORA,  from  remorari,  (re,  and  mora,  'de- 
lay,) 'to  arrest.'  The  name  of  two  surgical  in- 
struments, intended  to  retain  parts  in  situ.  The 
one  was  used,  formerlj',  in  castration,  to  prevent 
the  intestines  from  protruding  at  the  inguinal 
ring;  the  other,  called  Eemora  Eilda'ni,  (F.) 
Arret  d'Hildan,  Echene' is,  was  employed  to 
maintain  fractures  and  luxations  reduced.  It  is 
not  now  used. 

Remoea  Aratri,  Ononis  spinosa. 

REN,  Kidney. 

RENAL,  Rena'lis,  from  Ren,  'the  kidney.' 
That  which  relates  to  the  kidney. 

Renal  Arteries,  Emidg" ent  Arteries,  are  very 
large  and  short,  and  commonly  two  in  number — 
one  to  each  kidney.  They  arise  from  the  sides 
of  the  abdominal  aorta,  forming  with  it  a  right 
angle.  The  left  is  commonly  a  little  more  ante- 
,  rior  and  elevated  than  the  right.  After  a  short 
course,  they  arrive  at  the  fissure  of  the  kidney, 
where  they  divide,  before  entering  it,  into  three 
or  four  very  considerable  branches. 

Renal  Capsule,  Capsule,  renal — r.  Nerve,  see 
Splanchnic  Nerves. 

Renal  Plex'uses,  Emulgent  Plexuses.  These 
are  two: — one  on  each  side.  They  proceed  from 
fasciculi  of  the  solar  and  coeliac  plexuses;  from 
the  outer  side  of  the  semilunar  ganglion  and  the 
linal  expansion  of  the  small  splanchnic  nerves. 
These  plexuses  begin  by  three  or  four  ganglions, 
situate  at  the  commencement  of  the  renal  artery; 
and  they  give  off  from  their  circumference  many 
fine,  straight  filaments,  which  do  not  anastomose, 
and  which  enter  the  kidney  with  the  divisions 
of  the  renal  artery.  These,  divisions  they  ac- 
company. 

Renal  Veins,  Emulgent  Veins.  These  are 
very  large.  Their  roots  follow  the  same  course 
as  the  arteries  in  the  substance  of  the  kidney. 
In  the  fissure  or  pelvic  portion  of  the  kidney, 
they  unite  into  a  single  trunk,  which  passes 
transversely  inwards,  and  opens  at  the  side  of  the 
vena  cava  descendens. 

RENCHUS,  Snoring,  Stertor. 

REN'CULUS,  Renic'ulus,  Ren'ulus,  diminutive 
of  Ren,  'a  kidney.''  A  small  kidney.  A  lobe  of 
the  kidney. 

RENES  SUCCENTURIATI,  Capsules,  renal. 

RENICULUS,  Renculus. 

RENIFORM,  Nephroid. 

RENNES,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Ther- 
mal salines  in  the  department  of  Aube,  France, 


containing  carbonic  acid  and  chloride  of  magne- 
sium.    Temperature  103  to  121°,  of  Fahr. 

RENNET,  Runnet,  from  (G.)  gerinnen,  'to 
coagulate.'  (?)  When  the  fourth  stomach  or  ^60- 
masus  of  the  calf  is  salted  and  dried,  it  possesses 
the  property  of  coagulating  millc,  when  a  portion 
of  it  is  soaked  in  water,  and  the  infusion — Ren- 
net— is  added  to  milk. 

Rennet  AVhey,  see  Serum  lactis. 

RENNSEL^^RIA,  Leptaudra  Yirginica. 

REX^O^''0 ULE,  Ranunculus— r.  Bulheuse,  Ra- 
nunculus bnlbosus. 

RENOUEE,  Polygonum  aviculure. 

RENOUEUR,  (F.)  Rchoutenr,  Rhabaieur.  A 
hone-doctor:  —  a  bone-setter.  One  who  makes  a 
trade  of  reducing  fractures  and  dislocations. 

RENOVATIO,  Anaueosis. 

RENUENS,  Rectus  capitis  internus  minor. 

RENULUS,  Renculus. 

RENUM  ATONIA,  Nephratonia  —  r.  Paraly. 
sis,  Nephratonia. 

RENUNCIATIO,  Rapj>ort. 

RENVERSEMENT  BE  LA  LANGUE,  Pa- 
raglossa — r.  de  la  Ilatrice,  Uterus,  inversion  of 
the— n  des  Paupieres,  Ectropion — r.  du  Rectum, 
Proctocele — r.  de  la  Vessie,  Exocyste,  Exstrophia 
of  t"he  bladder. 

RENVOIS,  see  Regurgitation. 

REPANDATIO,  Lordosis. 

REPARATION,  Restauratio. 

REPAR'ATIVE,  Repar'atonj.  Having  the 
power  of  restoring  or  repairing. 

REPELLENTIA,  Repellents. 

REPEL'LENTS,  Repellen'tia,  Eepcrcutien'tio, 
Apocrus'tica,  Repercus' sivcs,  (F.)  Repercussifs, 
from,  re,  a.nd  23ellere,  'to  drive.'  Medicines  which, 
when  applied  to  a  tumefied  part,  cause  the  fluids, 
that  render  it  tumid,  to  recede,  as  it  were,  from 
it.  Astringents,  cold  water,  ice,  &c.,  are  repel- 
lents.^ 

REPERCUSSTFS.  Repellents. 

REPERCUSSIO,  Contra-fissura.  Repercussion, 

REPERCUS'SION,  Rcjiercus'sio,  Anac'lasis, 
from  re,  pe;',  and  quatere,  'to  shake  or  batter.' 
Disappearance  of  a  tumour  or  cutaneous  eruption, 
in  consequence  of  the  application  of  a  repellent. 
The  action  of  a  repellent  remedy.  The  French 
writers  use  the  term  Delitescence,  Delitescen'tia, 
for  the  sudden  disappearance  of  a  tumour,  in- 
flammation, eruptive  disease,  or  purulent  collec- 
tion, without  the  disease  occurring  in  any  other 
part  of  the  body:  in  this  respect  delitescence  dif- 
fers from  metastasis :  Eelitescence  of  an  inflam- 
mation or  'sudden  disappearnce'  is  distinguished 
by  certain  French  pathologists  from  Resolut-on, 
Repercussion  also  means  Ballottement. 

REPERCUSSIVES,  Repellents. 

REPERCUTIENTIA,  Repellents. 

REPLETION,  Fulness,  Plethora, 

REP  LI  LONGITUDINAL  DE  LA  ME- 
NINGE,  Falx  cerebri. 

REPOSITIO,  Anaplasis,  Reduction,  Taxis. 

REPOUSSOIR,  Punch— r.  d' Aretes,  Probang. 

REPRIMENS,  Episoheticus. 

n^V'R.0I>\JC'T110TS,Reprodttc'tio,Regeneratio, 
from  re,  and  producere,  [pro,  and  ducere.)  The 
function  by  which  living  bodies  produce  bodies 
similar  to  themselves.  See  Generation.  As  a 
general  remark,  it  will  be  found  true,  that  the 
larger  animals  are  uniparous ;  and  the  smaller, 
which  are  more  exposed  to  destruction,  multipa- 
rous.  The  mammalia  being  of  the  same  natural 
class  as  man,  it  may  be  useful  to  compare  them 
in  this  respect. 


REPRODUCTION 


.748 


RES 


COMPARATIVE  TABLE  OP  REPRODUCTION  IN  THE  CLASS  MAMMALIA. 


Species. 


Primates, 
Man 

Monkeys  (large) 

Do.       (long  tailed) 

Camizora. 

Boar 

Badger 

Hed'iehQg 

Ferret 

Olter 

Pole-cat, 

Marten, 

Weasel,  and  | 

Ermine, 

Didelphus, 

Opossui 

Philar 

Lion 

Tiger,      ) 

Leopard  ( 

Lvnx 

Wild  Cat 

Wolf 

Dog,  in  the  most  , 
natural  state,    ' 

Fox 

Jackall   

Isatis 

Phoca   


Iphiis,  "i 
•sum,  and  > 
inder,         ) 


Rodentia, 

Squirrel 

Flying  Squirrel. 

Ondatra  

Beaver 


Hare 

Rabbit 

Rat 

Mouse 

Marmot . .. . 
Guinea  Pig. 
Dormouse  . . 


Edentata. 
Armadilla 


Ruminantia. 

Camel 

Dromedary 

Buffalo    

Beef. 

Lama 

Reindeer 

Buck  and  Doe 

Roebuck 

Saiga  (Antelope) 

Chamois  and  WildGoat 

Goat 

Musimon  

Sheep  

Solipedes. 


Horse 

Ass 

Zebra 

Pachydermata. 

Hog  

Elephant 

Rhinoceros 

Hippopotamus   ... 
Morse    


Age  capable  of  en- 
gendering. 


14  years 
3  years 
2  years 


2  years 


1  year 
11  months 


before  1  year 


2  years 
Do. 

before  1  year 
2  years 

10  months 

1  year 


1  year 


1  year 

6  months 
Do. 
Do. 


5  to  6  weeks 
1  year 


4  years 

Do. 
3  years 

2  years 

3  years 
2  years 
li  year 

Do. 
1  year 

Do. 

Do. 
1^  year 
1  year 


2J  years 
Do. 
Do. 


9  months  or  1  year 
16  years  (?) 
5  years  (?) 


Duration  of  gesta- 
tion. 


9  months 
7  months 
6  months 


112  days 

1  rao.  and  10  days 

Do. 

3  months 


56  davs 


3  to  4  months 

3  months 

9  weeks 
56  days 
73  days 

63  days 

2  months 

Do. 
63  days 

3  months  (?) 

45  days 

4  months 

30  days 

Do. 
5  or  6  weeks 
1  month 
6  weeks 
3  weeks 


11  months  or  1  y'r 

Do. 

9  months 

Do. 


8  months 

Do. 
5  months 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 


290  days 
Do. 
Do. 


4  months 
'  to  11  months 


9  months 


Number  of  j'oung  at 
each  birth. 


Period  of  cessation  of 
the  function. 


1  to  3 


to  3  ; 
Do.  ). 
Do.    S 


1  to  4 
3  to  4 
3  to  5 
5  to  9  twice  a  year 
3  to  4 


3  to  6 


4  to  6 
3  to  4 


3  to  4 

4  to  6 

5  to  9 

3  to  6 
Do. 

5  to  8 

6  to  7 
2  to  3 


3  to  4  twice  a  year 

3  to  4 

3  to  5 

2  to  3 

(  2  to  4  several  ) 

\  times  a  year   j 

4  to  8  do. 

5  to  6  do. 

Do. 

2  to  4 

5  to  8  times  a  year 

3  to  5 


4  times  a  year 


1 
1 

1 

1  to  2 

Do. 

1 

1  to2 

Do. 

Do. 

1,  2,  and  3 

Do. 

1  to  2 

Do. 


1  to2 
'Do. 
Do. 


10  to  00 
2  or  2 
1  or  2  (?) 

1 

1 


At   a  somewhat   ad- 
vanced age. 


25  to  30  years. 
20  to  25  years. 

Produces  during  life. 


8  to  10  years. 


10  years.  (?) 

20  to  25  years. 
Do. 

9  years. 
15  to  20  years. 

15  years. 

10  or  12  years. 


Produces  during  life. 

Do. 

Lives  6  years. 

Lives  8  years. 

Lives  8  or  9  years. 
Produces  during  life. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 


7  to  8  years.  (?) 


40  to  50  years. 
Do. 

15  to  18  years. 
9  years. 

12  years. 
Lives  16  years. 
Lives  25  or  30  years. 
Lives  12  or  15  years. 
Lives  15  or  20  years. 
Lives  18  or  20  years. 

7  years. 

8  or  10  years. 
8  years. 


25  or  30  years. 
Do. 
Do. 


15  years. 
Lives  70  years.  (?) 
Lives  60  years.  (?) 


REPULSORIUM,  Punch. 

REPURGA'TIO,  Anacntlmr'sis,  from  re,  and 
■purgare,  'to  cleanse.'  According  to  Castelli  — 
purgation  by  transpiration  or  by  expectoration. 
Medicines  producing  this  effect  are  called  Rejnir- 
yayi'tia. 

REQUIES,  Acinesia. 

REQUIETIO,  Acinesia. 

RES  CONTRA-NATU'RAM.  'Things  against 


nature,'  (F.)  Ohosee  contre-nature,  are  those  things 
which  tend  to  destroy  man  ;  —  as  disease,  and 
every  thing  connected  with  it. 

Re9  Gulinaria,  Culinary  art — r.  Medica,  Me- 
dicina. 

Res  Natura'les,  (F.)  Choaea  nafiirellea.  Those 
things,  which,  by  their  union,  were  conceived  to 
constitute  the  nature  of  man  ;  such  as  the  ele- 
ments, temperaments,  humours,  spirits,  &c. 


EESEAU 


U9 


KESPIRA'TION 


Res  NOX  Xatura'les,  (F.)  Chases  non-natu- 
reUes.  Those  things  which,  anciently,  formed 
the  matter  of  hygiene.     See  Non-naturals. 

Res  Venerea,  Coition  —  r.  Vestiaria,  Vestitus. 

liESEAU,  Rete  —  r.  Admirable,  Rete  mirabile 
— r.  Merveilleux,  Rete  mirabile. 

RESECTIO,  Resection  —  r.  Articulorum,  see 
Resection. 

RESECTION,  Eesec'tio,  from  resecare,  {re, 
and  secare,)  'to  cut  oif.'  A  name,  given,  espe- 
cially by  the  French  surgeons,  to  operations  in 
\vhieh  the  carious  extremities  of  long  bones,  or 
the  unconsolidated  extremities  of  fractured  bones 
forming  irregular  joints,  are  removed  with  the  saw 
--Resectio  articulo' rum,  Decajiita'tio  articulo'rum. 

RESECTI02\,  see  Amputation. 

RESEDA  CRISPATA— r.  luteola— r.  Lanceo- 
lata — r.  luteola. 

Rese'da  lute'ola,  E.  lanceola'ta  seu  crispa'ta, 
Lute'ola,  Weld,  Dyer's  Weed.  A  European  plant 
naturalized  in  the  United  States,  which  was  at 
one  time  used  as  a  diaphoretic  and  diuretic. 

RESERANS,  Aperient. 

RESERVE  AIR.  see  RespiratioB. 

EESERVOIR   BE  LA   BILE,  Gall-bladder 

—  r.  du  Chyle,  Receptaculum  chyli  —  r.  des  Lar- 
v-o.s.  Lachrymal  sac — r.  of  Pecquet,  Receptaculum 
chyli  —  r.  de  Pecquet,  Receptaculum  chyli — r.  of 
tiie  Thymus,  see  Thj'mus. 

RESIDENTIA,  Sediment. 

RESIDUAL  AIR,  see  Respiration. 

RESIMUS,  Camus. 

RESIN,  Eesi'na,  Eheti'ne.  A  vegetable  pro- 
duct, commonly  dry  and  concrete,  more  or  less 
brittle,  inodorous  or  slightly  odorous,  insipid,  or 
of  an  acrid  warm  taste ;  of  a  smooth,  glassy  frac- 
ture, heavier  than  water,  inflammable,  insoluble 
in  water,  soluble  in  alcohol,  ether,  and  yolk  of  an 
egg,  and  negatively  electrifiable  by  friction.  Many 
resins  are  used  in  medicine ;  the  greater  part  are 
purgative  and  irritating.  Some  act  like  acrid 
poisons. 

Resix,  Catenxe,  Caoutchouc — r.  of  the  Spruce 
fir,  see  Pinus  abies. 

RESINA,  Resin  —  r.  Abietis,  Pinus  Abies, 
Pinus    picea  —  r.  Abietis   humida,    Pinus    abies 

—  r.  Abietis  sicca,  see  Pinus  abies  —  r.  Alba, 
see  Pinus  sylvestris  —  r.  Alba  humida,  see  Pinus 
Abies — r.  Cayennensis,  Caoutchouc — r.  Copal,  Co- 
pal— r.  Elastica,  Caoutchouc — r.  Flava,  see  Pinus 
sylvestris  —  r.  Fluida  Canadensis,  see  Pinus  bal- 
samea — r.  Juniperi,  Sandarac — r.  Laricis,  see  Pi- 
nus larix  —  r.  Lentiscina,  see  Pistachia  lentiscus 

—  r.  Liquida  pini  balsametB,  see  Pinus  balsamea 

—  r.  Liquidi  pini  laricis,  see  Pinus  larix — r.  Ni- 
gra, Colophonia — r.  Pini,  see  Pinus  sylvestris — r. 
Pini  empyreumatica  liquida,  see  Pinus  sylvestris 

—  r.  Pini  abietis  sponte  concreta,  see  Pinus  abies 

—  r.  StrobUina,  see  Pinus  balsamea,  and  Pinus 
mughos — r.  Terebinthi,  see  Pistachia  terebinthus. 

RESIN-A.'TUM,  Bhetino'ton.  An  epithet  for 
wine  impregnated  with  resin,  and  used  bj"-  the 
ancients  as  a  stomachic. 

EESINE  DE  GAT  AC,  see  Guaiacum— r.  Go- 
vt'trt,  see  Bursera  gummifera  —  r.  de  Lierre,  see 
Iledera  helix. 

RESINOCE'RUM,  Ehethwce'ron,  from  pnnvr,' 
'resin,'  and  Knpo;,  'wax,'  A  mixture  of  resin  and 
wax. — Galen. 

RESOLUTIO,  Resolution— r.  Membrorum,  Pa- 
ralysis. 

RESOLrTio  MoRBr.  The  resolution  or  disap- 
pearance of  a  disease;  especially  when  without 
any  critical  evacuation. 

Resolutio  et  DiabrSSis  Ventrictjli,  Gastro- 
malacia — r.  Nervorum,  Paralysis  —  r.  Ventriculi 
antopeptica,  Gastromalacia — r.  Virium,  Dialysis. 

RESOLU'TION,   Eesolu'tio,   Dlseua'sio,  from 


resolvere,  {re  and  solvere,  'to  loosen.')  RemovaJ 
or  disappearance,  as  of  a  disease.  Resolution  i3 
one  of  the  terminations  of  inflammation,  in  which 
the  inflamed  part  returns  gradually,  and  without 
suppuration,  to  the  healthy  condition. 

EESOL  UTION  DES  3IEMBEES,  Paralysis. 
RESOLVENTIA,  Discutients. 
RES'ONANCE,  (F.)  Eetentissement,  Eeson- 
nance,  Eesonnement,  from  re,  'again,'  and  sono, 
'I  sound.'     'A  return  of  sound.'     A  resounding  ; 
a   reverberation   of  sounds.     A  thrilling  of  the 
voice  more  loud  than  natural ;  or  its  existence  in 
a  part  where  it  is  not  heard  in  health, — as  de- 
tected by  auscultation.     A  thickened  and  hard- 
ened state  of  the  lungs,  caused  either  by  a  mawi 
of  crude  tubercles,  or  by  inflammation,  is  gene- 
rally considered  to  produce  this  phenomenon,  by 
rendering   the   lung   a   better  conductor  of  the 
murmur  of  the  voice  in  the  bronchi.     Hence  the 
origin  of  the  term  BronchoiMony,  from  ppovx^s, 
'bronchus,'    and   (pwvrj,    'the   voice;'    (P.)    Voij; 
bro»chique,  Voix  tuhaire,   V.  hourdonnante. 
Resonance,  Vibrations  of,  see  Sound. 
RESONITUS,  Contra-fissura. 
RES'ONANT,   Ees'o^ians,   Ecs'omis,   (F.)   Ee- 
tentissaut,  i?esoHH««f,  Resounding,  see  Resonance. 
EESONNANCE,  Resonance. 
EESONNEMENT,  Resonance. 
RESORBENS,  Absorbent. 
RESORPTIO,  Absorption,  Resorption— r.  Cn- 
tanea,  see  Absorption  —  r.  Cutis,  see  Absorption. 
RESORP'TION,  Resorp'tio,  from  resorhere,  {re, 
'again,'  and  sorbere,)  'to  absorb  again.'     Absorp- 
tion of  a  fluid  which  has  been  previously  depos- 
ited in  a  part  by  the  exhalants, — as  of  pus,  blood, 
se#um,  &e. 

RES'PIRABLE,  Eespirab'Uis.  Same  ety- 
mon as  Respiration.  Capable  of  being  breathed. 
Adapted  for  respiration. 

RESPIRAMEN,  Respiration. 
RESPIRAMENTUM.  Respiration. 
RESPIRATIO,  Respiration  — r.  Abolita,  Ap- 
noea — r.  Brevis,  Dyspnoea — r.  Difiicilis,  Dyspnoea 
— r.  Stertens,  Stertor — ^r.  Stertuosa,  Stertor. 

RESPIRA'TION,  Eespira'tio,  Anap'noe,  from 
respiro,  {re,  and  epnro,)  'I  take  breath.'  Anap- 
neu'sis,  Pneu'sis  spira'tio,  Eespira'men,  Eespira- 
mentnm,  Eespira'tus,  Eespir'itus,  Spir'itus.  A 
function  proper  to  animals,  the  object  of  which 
is,  to  place  the  materials  of  the  blood — the  mix- 
ture of  the  venous  blood  with  lymph  and  chyle — 
in  contact  with  atmospheric  air,  in  order  thsit  it 
may  acquire  the  vivifying  qualities  that  belong  to 
arterial  blood.  The  organs  for  executing  this 
function  are,  in  the  mammalia,  birds,  and  rep- 
tiles, the  lungs.  In  man,  the  respiration  consists 
of  mechanical  and  chymical  phenomena.  The 
mechanical  are  Inspiration  and  Expiration.  The 
evident  chj'mical  phenomena  consist  in  the  form- 
ation of  a  certain  quantity  of  carbonic  acid,  the 
absorption  of  a  part  of  the  oxygen  of  the  air,  and 
the  (flsengagement  of  a  quantity  of  water  in  the 
state  of  vapour.  In  the  healthy  condition  the 
respiration  is  easy,  gentle,  regular,  and  without 
noise.  In  man,  the  respirations  are  generally 
about  35  per  minute  in  the  first  year  of  life ;  25 
during  the  second;  20  at  puberty;  and  18  in  tho 
adult  age. 

The  air  of  respiration  has  been  divided  into, 
first,  the  residual  air  or  that  which  cannot  be  ex- 
pelled from  the  lungs  but  remains  after  a  full  and 
forcible  expiration,  estimated  at  120  cubic  inches: 
secondly,  the  supplementary  or  reserve  air  or  that 
which  can  be  expelled  by  a  forcible  expiration, 
after  an  ordinary  outbreathing,  valued  at  130  cu- 
bic inches:  thirdly,  the  breath,  tidal  or  breathing 
air,  valued  at  26  cubic  inches  :  and  fourthly,  tho 
complementary  or  complemented  air,  or  that  wMcU 


RESPmATION 


750 


RETIA  TJTERI 


can  be  inbaled  after  an  ordinary  inspiration,  which 
amounts  to  100  cubic  inches.  This  estimate  gives 
250  cubic  inches  as  the  average  volume  of  air 
tvhich  the  chest  contains  after  an  ordinary  expi- 
ration. 

RESPIRATION  BRONCHIQUE,  see  Mur- 
mur, respiratory  —  r.  Exugeree,  see  Puerile  —  r. 
Jlypervesiciilaire,  see  Puerile. 

Respiration,  Jerking,  {F.)R.  eaccadee.  When 
the  murmur  of  inspiration,  in  place  of  being  con- 
tinuous, is  interrupted  as  by  starts,  it  is  called 
'jerking.'  It  is  a  concomitant  of  incipient  pleu- 
risy, pleurodynia,  spasmodic  asthma,  and  tuber- 
culosis of  the  lung  with  corresponding  pleuritic 
adhesion. — Walshe. 

Respiration  of  the  Cells,  Murmur,  respira- 
tory— r.  Metallic,  Tintement  metollique — r.  Nidle, 
see  Murmur,  respiratory  —  r.  Proof,  Docimasia 
pulmonum — r.  Rticrile,  see  Puerile — r.  Rdpeuse, 
see  Murmur,  respiratory  —  r.  Rude,  see  Murmur, 
respiratory- — r.  Silencieuse,  see  Murmur,  respira- 
tory— r.  Saccadee,  R.  jerking — r.  Sonffl.anie,  Mur- 
mur, respiratory  —  r.  Supplementaire,  see  Puerile 
— r.  Tubal,  see  Murmur,  respiratory. 

RESPIRA'TOR,  same  etymon.  Various  in- 
struments, under  this  name,  have  been  devised 
for  the  purpose  of  tempering  the  air  before  it 
reaches  the  lungs  in  winter.  One  of  the  best  is 
lihat  of  Jeffrey,  which  is  made  of  several  layers 
«f  fine  wire  tissue. 

RESPIRATORIUM    VEoSTTRIS,  Diaphragm. 

RESPIRATORIUS,  Respiratory. 

RES'PIRATORT,  Respirato'rius,  same  ety- 
mon. Appertaining  to  respiration.  An  epithet 
applied  to  the  murmur  heard  by  auscultation  in 
a  healthy  adult,  during  inspiration  and  expira- 
tion. It  marks  the  entrance  of  the  air  into  the 
cells,  and  its  passage  out  of  them.     See  Murmur. 

Respiratory,  External,  Nerve,  see  Thoracic 
nerves  —  r.  Internal,  nerves.  Diaphragmatic 
Nerves  —  r.  Nerve  of  the  face.  Facial  Nerve  —  r. 
Superior,  nerve.  Spinal  Nerve. 

Respiratory  Tract,  Tructiw  respirato'rius. 
The  middle  column  of  the  spinal  marrow,  de- 
scribed by  Sir  Charles  Bell  as  that  whence  the 
respiratory  nerves  originate.     See  Nerves. 

RESPIRATUS,  Respiration. 

RESPIRITUS,  Respiration. 

RESSERRE.  { VENTRE.)  Constipation. 

RESTA  BOVIS,  Ononis  spinosa. 

RESTAGNATIO,  Eructation. 

RESTAURANS,  Corroborant. 

RESTAURA'TIO,  Refec'tio,  Refee'his,  Ana- 
lep'sis,  Ano.trep'sis,  Anacom'ide,  Analte'sis,  Anac- 
te'sis,  Apocalas'tasis.  Restoration  of  strength, 
after  disease  or  great  fatigue;  Epnnortho'sis,  Re- 
crea'tio,  Redhitegra'tio,  Restaura'iio  virimn.  Re- 
turn of  the  organs  to  their  normal  condition. 
Reoov'eri/,  Recupera'tion,  Repara'tion. 

Restauratio  ViRiu^r,  see  Restauratio. 

REST  HARROW,  Ononis  spinosa. 

RESTIFORM'IS,  from  j-es^w,  'a  rope,' and /or- 
ma,  'shape.'  Shaped  like  a  rope,  as  the  'Corpora 
restiformia.' 

Restiformts  Processus,  Coracoid. 

RESTITUTIO,  Reduction— r.  Orfranica,  Morio- 
plastice — r.  Partium  deperditarnm,  Morioplastice. 

RESTLESSNESS,  Agitation. 

RESTORATION,  Restauratio. 

RESTORATIVE,  Corroborative. 

RESTRICTIO  INTESTINI  RECTI  vel  ANI, 
Stricture  of  the  rectum. 

RESUMPTI'VUS,  Reaumpto'riits ,-  from  re, 
'again,'  and  numere,  'to  take.'  Causing  to  re- 
fume.  Rc&nmpiti'oum.  Any  agent  calculated  to 
restore  flesh  and  strength  to  one  who  has  been 
rtduoed. 


RESUMPTORIUS,  Resumptivus. 
RESURRECTION-MAN,  Resurrectionist. 

RESURRECTIONIST,  Resurrection-mau, 
Body  snatcJicr :  from  re,  and  surgere,  'to  arise.' 
An  individual  who  violates  the  sanctuary  of  the 
grave  to  obtain  subjects  for  dissection. 

RESUSCITA'TION,  Remscita'Ho,  from  resii.v- 
cita're,  [re,  and  suscitare,  sursum  citare  scu  ciere,) 
'to  move  up,'  'to  stir  up  anew.'  Revivijiea'tion. 
The  restoration  of  persons,  apparently  dead,  to 
life.     See  Asphyxia  and  SuflFocation. 

RETCHING,  Vomiturition. 

RETE,  Plexus  —  r.  Malpighii,  Corpus  muco- 
sum. 

Rete,  Retic'ulum ;  'a  net;'  Diet' yon,  (F.)  Re- 
seau.  A  name  given  to  the  interlacing  and 
decussation  of  blood-Tessels,  lymphatics,  fibres, 
and  nerves  when  they  form  a  kind  of  network. 

Rete  has  also  been  applied  to  the  epiploon. — 
Castelli. 

Rete  Ma.tus,  Epiploon,  gastro-colic. 

Rete  Mirab'ile,  (F.)  Reseau  admirable,  R. 
merveilleux.  A  name  given  to  the  ramiiications 
and  anastomoses  of  the  internal  carotid  and  ver- 
tebral arteries  at  the  base  of  the  brain. 

Rete  Mirabile  vel  Rete  Vasculo'sum  Mal- 
pig'hii  is  the  plexus  formed  on  the  cells  of  the 
lungs  by  the  minute  ramifications  of  the  pulmo- 
nary artery. 

PlEte  Mucosum,  Corpus  mucosum. 

Rete  sen  Rete  Vasculo'sum  Testis.  An 
irregular  plexus  or  network,  formed  by  the  com- 
munication of  the  Vaaa  recta  at  the  upper  and 
back  part  of  the  testicle.  These  Vasa  recta  are 
sent  out  at  the  back  part  of  the  testicle,  from  the 
convoluted  seminal  tubes.  The  Rete  Vascul'i- 
sum  testis  sends  out  from  twelve  to  eighteen 
straight  tubes,  called  Vasa  efferentia,  which  con- 
vey the  semen  from  the  testes  to  the  epididymis. 

RETENTIO,  Retention  — r.  Aerea,  Dyspnoea 
—  r.  Alvina,  Constipation  —  r.  Bilis,  Ischocholia, 

Retentio  Fluxus  H^morrhoidalis.  Sup- 
pression of  the  hsemorrhoidal  flux. 

Retentio  Foetus,  Dystocia — r.  Lactis,  Isehoga- 
lactia — r.  Lochiorum,  Ischiolochia — r.  Mensium, 
see  Amenorrhoea — r.  Spermatis,  Ischospermia  — 
r.  Sudoi-is,  Hydroschesis. 

RETEN'TION,  Reten'tio,  Apolep'sia,  Apohp'- 
sia,  from  retinere,  (re,  and  tenere,)  'to  hold  back.' 
Accumulation  of  a  solid  or  liquid  substance,  in 
canals  intended  for  its  excretion,  or  in  a  reser- 
voir, intended  to  contain  it  for  a  short  period. 

Retention  op  Urine;  Parxt'ria  Retentio' ni8 
vesica'lis,  Ischu'ria  vesica'lis,  Retentio  Uri'iicB, 
(F.)  Retention  d'nrine.  A  disease  in  which  the 
urine  accumulated  in  the  bladder  cannot  be  evac- 
uated; or,  at  least,  cannot  be  passed  without 
extreme  diifieulty.  In  the  former  case,  the  re- 
tention is  said  to  be  complete ;  in  the  latter,  iu- 
complete.  Many  writers  have  distinguished  three 
degrees  of  this  affection,  to  which  they  have  given 
the  names  Dysury,  Strangury,  and  Ischury.  Re- 
tention of  urine  may  depend  upon  loss  of  oon- 
stractility,  paralysis  of  the  bladder,  &c.,  or  on 
some  obstacle  to  the  passing  of  the  urine,  as  in 
cases  of  pressure  of  the  womb  on  the  bladder,  of 
tumours  in  its  vicinity,  foreign  bodies  in  its  cavity, 
inflnramation  of  the  urethra,  swelling  of  the  pros- 
tate, stricture,  &e.  The  pain  is  extremely  violent, 
and  the  bladder  may  be  found  distended  above 
the  pubis.  The  treatment  consists  in  introducing 
the  catheter,  or  puncturing  the  bladder,  and  in 
combating  the  cause,  which  has  produced  the  re- 
tention, by  particular  means  adapted  to  each  catc. 

RETENTISSANT,  Resonant. 

RETENTISSEMENT,  Resonance— r.  Auto- 
phonique,  see  Autophonia. 

RETIA  UTERI,  see  Uterue. 


RETICULAR 


r61 


EilTROYEliSION 


RETICULAR,  Re'tiform,  Eeticula'n's,  Ret'- 
iniis,  Amphihlestroi'des,  Dycto'i'des,  Rett/or'mis, 
from  rete,  '  a  net.'  That  which  resembles  a  net. 
An  epithet  applied  to  many  structures  in  the 
body. 

Retictjlar  Body,  Corpus  mucosum  —  r.  Sub- 
stance, Cellular  tissue. 

RETICULARIA  OFFICINALIS,  Lichen  pul- 
monarius. 

RETICULUM:  diminutive  of  rete,  'a  net.' 
The  Bonnet  or  Honeycomb  bag — the  second  sto- 
mach of  the  ruminant  animal.  See  also,  Epiploon, 
and  Rete. 

Reticpltjm  Cutaneum,  Rete  mucosum  —  r. 
Mucosum,  Rete  mucosum. 

RETIFORM,  Reticular. 

RET'IlSTi^,  from  rete,  'a  net:'  Tu'nica  ret'ina 
seu  reticiila' ris  seu  retifor'mis  seu  in'tima  oc'uli, 
Involu'crum  reti  compara'tum,  Yerricula'ris  mem- 
bra'na,  Amphihlestroi'des  memhrana.  A  soft, 
pulpy,  grayish,  semi-transparent,  very  thin  mem- 
brane ;  extending  from  the  optic  nerve  to  the 
crystalline,  embracing  the  vitreous  humour,  and 
lining  the  choroid;  without,  however,  adhering 
to  either  of  those  parts.  It  terminates  by  a  de- 
fined edge  —  margo  denta'tus  —  at  the  posterior 
extremities  of  the  ciliary  processes.  It  is  consti- 
tuted, according  to  most  anatomists,  by  the  ex- 
pansion of  the  optic  nerve.  The  retina  appears  to 
be  formed  of  two  laminae  ;  so  joined  together,  that 
it  is  almost  impossible  to  separate  them.  The 
one  —  the  innermost  —  is  medullary,  and  pulpy; 
the  other — the  outer — is  stronger,  and  fibro-vas- 
cular.  The  retina  is  the  essential  organ  of  vision ; 
on  it  the  images  of  objects  are  impressed.  Both 
it  and  the  optic  nerve  are  devoid  of  general  sen- 
sibility. They  may  be  punctured  or  lacerated 
without  pain  being  experienced.  The  nerve  of 
general  sensibility  distributed  to  the  eye  is  the 
fifth  pair. 

RETINA  CULA,  see  Retinaculum  —  r.  Mor- 
gagnii,  see  Frtena  of  the  valve  of  Bauhin. 

RETINACULUM,  from  retinere,  {re,  and  te- 
nere,)  'to  hold  back.'  A  surgical  instrument, 
formerly  used  in  the  operation  of  castration  ;  and 
in  that  of  hernia,  to  prevent  the  intestines  from 
falling  into  the  scrotum. —  Scultet.  Retinacnla 
are  also  band-like  extensions  of  a  cellulo-mem- 
branous  structure,  which  seem  to  suspend  the 
ovum  in  the  Follicle  of  De  Graaf.  They  appear 
to  correspond  to  the  chalazas  of  the  egg  of  the 
bird. 

RETiyACULUM,  Bride. 

ReTINAC'uLUM  Ten'dINUM  pERONEO'unM,  Ya- 
gi'na  r.ialleola'ris  extem'a.  The  ligamentous 
sheatbs  that  retain  in  situ  at  the  outer  ankle  the 
tendons  of  the  peroneal  muscles. 

RETINI'TIS,  Inflamma'tio  Ret'inas,  Amphi- 
blestroidi'tis,  DictyVtis,  from  retina  and  itis,  a 
suffix  denoting  inflammation,  —  a  term  of  hybrid 
formation.  Inflammation  of  the  retina;  an  un- 
common affection,  except  as  an  accompaniment 
of  other  forms  of  ophthalmia. 

RETINOS'COPY,  Retinoscop'in,  from  retina, 
and  oKOTnoi,  '  I  view.'    Examination  of  the  retina. 

RETINUS,  Reticular. 

RETORT',  Retor'ta,  Batia,  Cornu,  Cornu'ta, 
Cornes'ta,  Cornumiisa,  (F.)  Gornue,  from  rctorqveo, 
[re,  and  torqueo,  fortiim,)  '1  bend  back.'  A  ves- 
sel, commonly  of  glass  or  earthenware,  employed 
in  distillation.  It  may  be  plain,  or  have  a  ttibu- 
lure  for  admitting  substances  whilst  the  distilla- 
tion is  going  on.  In  the  latter  case,  it  is  said  to 
be  tn'biilated,  (F.)  Cormie  tubulee. 

RETRACTION,  Retrac'tio,  from  retrahere, 
(re  and  trahere,)  'to  draw  back.'  State  of  a 
part,  when  drawn  towards  the  centre  of  the  body 
Oi-  backwa,rds;  —  as  retraction  of  the  testicles. 


Sometimes  it  is  used  synonymously  with  short- 
ening or  drawing  up;  as  in  retraction  of  the 
thigh. 

RETRACTION  BE  LA  3IATRICE,  Retro- 
versio  uteri. 

RETRACTOR  ANGULI  ORIS,  Buccinator. 
RET'RAHENS  AXi'KlQ,  Poste'rior  Auris,  Tri- 
cauda'lis,  Triceps  Auris,  Retrahens  Auric' ida,  R. 
Auriciilam,  Secun'dtts  propria' rum  Aurio'ulm,  Bi- 
cauda'lis,  Dep'rimens  Auric'ulcB,  Proprius  Ann's 
externa,  (F.)  3[astdido-conchinien,  Mastoidn-orl- 
culaire  (Ch.),  Anricidaire  pjosterieiir.  It  consists 
of  one  or  more  small  fasciculi  or  fleshy,  thin, 
somewhat  irregular  fibres,  situated  behind  ti:o 
ear.  These  are  attached  to  the  mastoid  process, 
and  pass  horizontally  forwards,  to  terminate  a: 
the  convexity  formed  by  the  concha  of  the  e;ir. 
If  this  muscle  had  any  use,  it  would  carry  thu 
ear  backwards. 

RETRECISSE3IENT,  Arctatio,  Stricture. 
RETRIMENTA  VESICiE,  Urine. 
RETRIMENTUM,  Excrement. 
RETROCES'SION,   Retraces' sio,  Retraces' sat, 
Retrogres'sus,    from    retrocedere,    {retro,    'back- 
wards,' and  cedere,  '  to  give  place.')     The  act  of 
going  back.     A  disappearance  or  metastasis  of  a 
tumour,  eruption,  &c.,  from  the  outer  part  of  the 
body  to  the  inner. 

RETROCESSUS,  Retrocession. 
RETROFLEXIO  UTERI,  Retroversio  uteri. 
RETROGRESSUS,  Retrocession. 
RETROPHARYNGE ' AL,    RetrapTiarynge  'xis, 
from  retro,  'backwards,'  and  pharynx,  'the  pha- 
rynx.    Relating  to  parts  behind  the  pharynx,— 
as  'retropharyngeal  abscess,' — an  abscess  behind 
the  pharynx. 

RETROPULSION DE  LA  MATRIGE,  Re- 
troversio uteri. 

RETROVACCINA'TION;  from  retro,  'back- 
wards,' and  vaccination.  Vaccination  with  matter 
obtained  from  the  cow,  after  inoculating  the  ani- 
mal with  vaccine  matter  from  the  human  subject. 
RETROVER'SIO  U'TERI,  Retroversion  of  the 
Uterus,  jEdopto'sis  Uteri  retraver'sa,  Retrofiex'io 
Uteri,  Anapod'isis  seu  Anapodis'mus  Uteri,  (F. ) 
Retroversion,  Retraction,  Obliquite  ou  Retropul- 
sion  de  la  Matrice.  A  change  in  the  position  of 
the  uterus,  so  that  the  fundus  of  the  organ  ia 
turned  towards  the  concavity  of  the  sacrum, 
whilst  the  neck  is  directed  towards  the  sym- 
physis pubis.  This  displacement  is  commonly 
attended  with  constipation,  tenesmus,  and  reten- 
tion of  urine.  Its  usual  period  of  occurrence  is 
between  the  third  and  fourth  months  of  preg-- 
nancy;  before  the  uterus  has  escaped  above  the 
superior  aperture  of  the  pelvis.  In  the  treat- 
ment, the  catheter  must  be  regularly  used  twice 
a  day,  until  the  uterus,  by  its  growth,  rises  above 
the  pelvis.  The  catheter  should  be  small,  fiat, 
and  curved  considerably  more  than  commir'n,  iu 
consequence  of  the  distorted  course  of  the  ure- 
thra. The  bowels  must  be  kept  open  ;  and  abso- 
lute rest,  in  a  recumbent  posture,  be  enjoined. 
Should  it  be  impracticable  to  draw  off  the  urino, 
attempts  must  be  made  to  replace  the  uterus. 
The  woman  being  on  her  hands  and  knees,  tie 
fore  and  middle  fingers  of  the  accoucheur's  left 
hand  are  to  be  passed  up  the  rectum  to  the  fundus 
uteri ;  which  they  must  elevate,  whilst  the  cervix 
uteri  is  carefully  depressed  by  two  fingers  of  iho 
right  hand  in  the  vagina.  Should  the  fingers 
employed  to  elevate  the  fundus  not  be  long  eEOujih 
to  efiect  this  object,  a  piece  of  whalebone  may  be 
substituted,  having  a  small  piece  of  sponge  nt- 
tached  to  one  extremity  as  a  pad. 

RETROVERSION  JDE  LA  MATRICE,  Ep- 
troversio  uteri. 


KEUNIO 


752 


RHENXIS 


REUNIO,  Synthesis — r.  Partium  separatarum, 
Bee  Synthesis  —  r.  per  Primam  intentionem,  see 
Intention — r.  per  Secundam  intentionem,  see  In- 
tention— r.  Vasorum,  Anastomosis. 

REUNION  PRIMITIVE,  see  Intention  — r. 
Secondaire,  see  Intention. 

REVASSERIE,  Incoherence  j  see  Somnium. 

REVE,  Somnium. 

RE  VEIL,  see  Sleep — r.  en  Sureaut,  see  Sleep. 

EEVELLENT,  Derivative. 
.    BEVEP.Y,  Aphelxia. 

REVWIFICATION,  Resuscitation. 

REVULSIF,  Derivative. 

REVUL'SION,  Revul'sio,  from  re,  and  relieve, 
'  to  pluck ;'  Antis'pasis.  The  act  of  turning  the 
principle  of  a  disease  from  the  organ  in  which  it 
seems  to  have  taken  its  seat.  Rubefacients,  vesi- 
catories,  bleeding  in  the  foot,  &c.,  are  often  used 
for  this  purpose.     See  Derivation. 

REVULSIVE,  Derivative  —  r.  Bleeding,  see 
Bloodletting. 

RBVULSORIUS,  Derivative. 

REX  METALLORUM.  Aurum. 

REYNOLDS'S  SPECIFIC,  see  Vinum  colchici. 

RHA,  Rheum. 

RHABARBARUM,  Rheum  — r.  Album,  Con- 
volvulus mechoaehan  —  r.  Antiquorum,  Rheum 
Rhaponticum — r.  Dioscoridis,  Rheum  Rhaponti- 
eum  —  r.  Monachorum,  Rumox  patientia — r.  Ni- 
grum, Convolvulus  jalapa — r.  Pauperum,  Thalic- 
tron — r.  Sibericum,  Rheum — r.Tartaricum  Rheum 
— r.  Turcicum,  Rheum. 

RHABARBE,  Rheum  — r.  Blanche,  Convol- 
vulus mechoacan  —  r,  des  Moines,  Rumex  Al- 
pinus. 

RHABDOIDES  (SUTURA),  Sagittal  suture. 

RHABILLEUR,  Renovenr. 

RHACHET^,  Rhachitfe. 

RHACHETRUM,  Medulla  spinalis. 

RHACHI^I,  Rhachitffi. 

RHACHIAGRA,  Rachisagra. 

RHACHIALGIA,  Racbialgia,  Rhachiodynia, 
Spinal  irritation. 

RHACniALGITIS,  Spinal  irritation,  Myelitis. 

RHACHIDAGRA,  Rachisagra,  Rachialgia, 
Rhachiod,ynia. 

RHACHIOCYPHOSIS,  Gibbositas. 

RHACHIODYN'IA;  from  paxiu  'the  vertebral 
column,'  and  o^wv,  'pain;'  lthuchial'gi(t.  Pain 
in  the  vertebral  column. 

RHACHIOMYELITIS,  Myelitis. 

RHACHIOPLEGIA,  Paraplegia. 

RHACHIOSCOLIOMA,  Scoliosis. 

RHACHIOSCOLIOSIS,  Scoliosis. 

RHACHIOSTROPHO'SIS;  from  paxa,  'the 
vertebral  column,'  and  crpeipu),  '1  turn  :'  Contor'- 
tio  colum'nm  vertebra'lis.  Deviation  of  the  verte- 
bral column. 

RHACHIOT'OMUS,  Rhachiot'omum;  from 
pa-)(^ii,  'the  vertebral  column,'  and  to/^t;,  'inci- 
eion.'  An  instrument  for  opening  the  vertebral 
column. 

RHACHIPARALYSIS,  Paraplegia. 

RHACHIPHYMA,  Rachiphyma. 

RHACHIRRHEUMA,  Lumbago. 

RKACHIS,  Vertebral  column"— r.  Nasi,  see 
Nasus. 

RHACHISAGRA,  Rachisagra. 

RHACIII'TiE,  from  paxts,  'the  vertebral 
column;'  Rhachia'i,  Rachi't<p,,  Rhache'tas,  or 
Rnchia'i.     The  muscles  of  the  spine. 

RIIACHTTES,  Medulla  spinalis. 

RIIACHITICUS,  Rachiticus. 

RIIACHITIS,  Rachitis— r.  Adultorum,  MolH- 
ttes  ossium — r.  Spinalis,  Raeliisagra. 

RKAUHITISMUS,  Rachitis. 


RHACHOSIS,  Rachosis. 

RHACHUS,  Rhacus,  Rhagus ;  from  pvootiv,  '\/f 
tear.'  A  wrinkle.  A  laceration  of  the  skin.  A 
lacerated  ulcer — ulcus  lac"erum. 

RHACUS,  Rhachus,  Wrinkle. 

RH^BOCRANIA,  Torticollis. 

RHAG'ADES,  payah^,  Rhaga'dia;  from  pijy- 
vv/xi,  '  to  break  or  rend ;'  Sci'ssti'ra.,  Finsn'rai, 
FimcE.  Ruptures,  chaps,  or  narrow  and  long 
ulcers,  which  form  near  the  origin  of  mucous 
membranes,  especially  around  the  anus,  and 
which  are  generally  owing  to  the  syphilitic  virus. 

Rhagades,  see  Fissure. 

RHAGE,  Rage;  payrj.  Same  etymon.  A -suf- 
fix denoting  violent  rupture  or  discharge,  as  in 
HemoTrhage,  Monorrhagia,  &c. 

Rhage,  Fissure. 

RHAGES,  UvEe  passaB. 

RHAGODEITIS,  Uveitis. 

RHAGOi'DES,  Rhago'des,  Ehagoideus,  Rha- 
gicns,  from  pa^,  '  a  grape.'  Grape-like ;  as  Tu- 
nica Rhagoides  :  the  uvea.  Also,  the  choroid 
coat  of  the  eye. 

RHAGUS,  Rhachus,  Wrinkle. 

RHAMNUS,  Rhamnus  cathar'tiem,  Spina  cer- 
vi'na  seu  doilies'tica,  Rhamnua  sohiti'vus,  Spiria 
infecto'ria,  Gervispi'na,  Buckthorn,  Purging  buck- 
thorn, (F.)  Nerprun  pnrgatif.  Family,  Rham- 
noideae.  Sex.  Si/sf.  Pentandria  Monogynia.  The 
berries  —  Rhamni  BacccB  —  have  a  faint  and  dis- 
agreeable odour;  and  bitterish,  nauseous  taste. 
They  are  cathartic,  and  are  apt  to  excite  griping, 
which  must  be  obviated  by  the  use  of  diluents. 

Rhamnus  Alatek'nus,  R.  Ilispan'icus,  Alater'- 
niis  I'lti/o'lius,  Common  alaternus,  (F.)  Alatcrne. 
The  leaves  have  been  used  as  detergents  and  as- 
tringents, in  the  form  of  gargle  especially. 

Rhamnus  Fran'gula.  The  Black  Alder, 
Frangula  Alniis,  Alnva  Nigra,  (F.)  Anne  noir, 
Bourdane,  Bourgene.  All  the  parts  of  this  tree, 
as  well  as  of  the  common  alder,  are  astringent 
and  bitter.  The  bark  is  most  so.  The  inner, 
yellow  bark  of  the  trunk  or  root  acts  as  a  ca- 
thartic. It  has  also  been  employed  as  an  anthel- 
mintic. 

Rhamnus  Hispanicus,  R.  alaternu? — r.  .Tujuba, 
see  Jujube — r.  Lotus,  see  Jujube — r.  Ziziphus,  see 
Juiube. 

RIIANTER,  Canthus,  (greater.) 

RHAPHANBDON,  Raphanedon. 

RHAPHANIA,  Raphania. 

RHAPHANIS,  Raphanus  hortensis. 

RHAPHANUS,  Raphanus  hortensis. 

RHAPHE,  Raphe,  Suture. 

RHAPHOSYMPH'YSIS;  from  pa^,?,,  'suture,' 
and  (7u/j0t)<T(f,  '  union.'  Union  by  suture, — as  of' 
the  bones  of  the  cranium. 

RHAPHYS,  Raphanus  hortensis. 

RHAPONTICUM,  Rheum  Rhaponticum  —  r. 
Vulgare,  Centaurea  centaurium. 

RHAPONTIQUE,  Rheum  rhaponticum. 

RHAPS,  Raphanus  hortensis. 

RHAPYS,  Raphanus  hortensis. 

RHATANIA,  Krameria  ratanhia. 

RHAX,  see  Vitis  vinifera. 

RHEGE.  Cramp,  Contusion,  Laceration. 

RHEGMA,  Cramp,  Contusion,  Laceration, 
Rhexis  —  r.  Ligamentare,  Apospasma. 

RHEGMUS,  Cramp,  Contusion,  Laceration. 

RHEMBASMUS,  Somnambulism. 

RIIEMBE,  Rhemhns;  from  pcfipeiv,  'to  wander 
about.'  Irregularity  in  the  return  of  febrile  pa- 
roxj'sms. 

RHEMBUS.  Rhembc. 

RHENCnUS.  Rattle,  Snoring. 

RHENXIS,  Rattle,  Snoring. 


RHEON 


r53 


BHEUMATISM 


EHEON,  Rhenm. 

RHETINE,  Resin. 

EHETINOCEROF,  Resinatum. 

RHETINOTON,  Resinatum. 

RHEUM,  (pronounced  room,)  Bheu'ma,  (F.) 
lihuine;  from  ptw,  'to  flow.'  Any  thin  watery 
discharge  from  the  mucous  membranes  or  skin ; 
as  the  thin  discharge  from  the  air  passages  arising 
from  cold. 

Rheum,  Salt.  A  popular  name  in  the  United 
States,  like  '  tetter/  for  various  cutaneous  affec- 
tions of  the  eczematous  and  herpetic  forms  more 
especially.  It  is  at  times  applied  to  a  kind  of 
chronic  psoriasis;  and  likewise  to  cutaneous  af- 
fections in  those  who  immerse  the  hands  in  me- 
tallic or  acid  solutions.  Webster  defines  it  "a 
vague  and  indefinite  popular  name,  applied  to 
almost  all  the  non-febrile  cutaneous  eruptions 
which  are  common  among  adults,  except  ring- 
worm and  itch." 

Rhe'um,  Rhabar'harum,  Sheon,  Rha,  lihceum, 
Lap'athum  orienta'le,  L.  Chinen'se,  Rhabar'harum 
ve'rum,  R.  Tartar'icum,  R.  Siher'icum,  R.  Tur'- 
cicum,  Rhubarb,  (F.)  Rhabarbe.  Family,  Poly- 
gonese.  Sex.  Syst.  Enneandria  Trigynia.  The 
root — Rheiim — is  the  part  used  in  medicine.  Its 
odour  is  aromatic,  peculiar,  and  rather  nauseous ; 
taste,  somewhat  aromatic,  subaerid,  bitterish,  and 
astringent.  It  colours  the  saliva  and  the  urine 
yellow.  It  is  easily  pulverized,  and  forms  a  pow- 
der of  a  bright  buff-yellow  colour.  Both  water 
and  spirit  extract  its  virtues.  Rhubarb  root  is 
purgative,  stomachic  and  astringent.  (?)  It  is 
chiefly  used  for  the  properties  first  mentioned. 
Externally,  the  powder  is  sometimes  sprinkled 
over  ulcers,  to  assist  their  granulation.  Dose,  ^j 
to  ^ss  of  the  powder.  In  a  smaller  dose,  it  is 
stomachic. 

jSTumerous  species  of  Rheum,  Rh.  palmatum, 
Rh.  wndulatum,  and  Rh.  compactum,  have  purga- 
tive roots. 

The  rhubarbs  most  used  in  the  United  States 
are  the  Chineoe  or  India  Rhubarb  —  Rheum  Si- 
tieu'sevel  In'dicum  ;  the  Russian,  TurJcey,  or  Bu- 
charian  Rh)ibarb — Rheum  Ras'sicum  vel  Tur'ci- 
cum ;  and  European  Rhubarb. 

Rheum  Compactum,  Rheum  —  r.  Indicum,  see 
Rheum — r.  Palmatum,  Rheum. 

Rheum  Rhapojt'ticum,  Rhzipon'tie  Rhubarb  ; 
Rhapon' ileum,  Rhabar'barun  Dioseor'idis,  R. 
Antiquo'rtim,  (F.)  Rhapontique,  Rhaponfic.  The 
root  of  this  seems  to  have  been  the  rhubarb  of 
the  ao'.ients.  It  is  more  astringent  than  that  of 
the  rheum  palmatum,  and  less  pa.-gative  ;  for  the 
latter  purpose,  two  or  three  draohms  being  re- 
quired for  a  dose.  French,  Rhajiontie,  or  Kriviea 
Rhubarb,  is  obtained  from  this  species,  as  well  as 
from  Rh.  nndulatum,  and  Rh.  com.paetum. 

Rheum  Russicum,  see  Rheum — r.  Sinense,  see 
Rheum — r.  Turcicum,.  see  Rheum — r.  Undulatum, 
«ee  Rheum. 

RIIEUMA,  Catarrh,  Diarrhcea,  Rheum,  Rheu- 
natism.  Also,  inflammation  of  a  fibrous  tissue, 
lis  in  rheumatism  and  gout. —  Fuchs. 

Rheuma  Catarrhale,  Bronchitis,  (chronic) 
—  r,  Epidemicum,  Bronchitis,  chronic.  Catarrh, 
epidemic  —  r.  Pectoris,  Catarrh  —  r.  Uteri,  Leu- 
.-•orrhoea. 

RHEUMAPYRA,  Rheumatism,  acute. 

RHEUMARTHRITIS,  see  Rheumatism,  acute. 

RHEUMARTHROSIS,  see  Rheumatism,  acute. 

RHEUMATALGIA,  Rheumatism,  chronic— r. 
Arthritica,  see  Rheumatism,  acute. 

RUEUMAT'IC,  Rheumat'icus,  Rheumatis'mal, 
(F.)  Rhumatismale,  Rhumatique.  Belonging  to 
rheumatism;  as  rheumatic  fever.  Also,  applied 
to  one  affected  with  rheumatism;  (F.)  Rhuma- 
tisant, 

48 


Rheumat'iC  Diath'esis,  Biath'esia  rheuina^- 
ica.  The  special  condition  of  the  body  that  gives 
occasion  to  rheumatism.  It  may  exist  without 
presenting  the  usual  phenomena  in  the  joints : 
whilst  the  heart  may  be  seriously  affected. 

RHEU'MATISM,  Catarrhce'a;  from  paijia,  'a, 
defluxion,  catarrh.'  Dolor  Rheumat'icus  et  ar- 
thrit'icus,  (HofEman,)  Rheumato'sis,  3fyoso'tis, 
Rheuma,  Myodyn'ia,  (F.)  Rhtnnatisme.  A  kind 
of  shifting  phlegmasia,  sometimes  seated  in  the 
muscles,  sometimes  in  the  parts  surrounding  the 
joints;  and  at  others,  within  them.  Hence  the 
names  Ifuscrdar,  Articular,  and  Synovial,  which 
have  been  applied  to  it.  The  disease  may  be 
acute,  or  chronic. 

Rheumatism  of  the  Abdomen,  Coeliorrheuma. 

Rheumatism,  Acute,  Rheumatis'mus  acu'tvs, 
Rh.  articulo'rumacu'tiis,  Rh.  universa'lis  febri'lis, 
Arthro' sia  acuta,  Rheumcitismus,  Rh.  injlammato' - 
rius  sen  hypersthen' icua,  Rheumat'ie  Fever,  Rheu- 
matop'yra,  Rheumap'yra,  Febris  rheumat'ica  in- 
Jiammato'ria,  Syn'ocha  rheumat'ica,  Ifyoao'tie, 
Myi'tis,  Cauma  rheumatis'mus,  Arthri'tis  rheuma- 
tismiis,  Arthro-rheumatis'miis,  Synovi'tis  rheuma- 
tisma'lis,  Hcemo- arthri'tis,  (F. )  Rhumatisme 
aigue,  Fievre  rhumatismale,  usually  comes  on 
with  the  ordinary  symptoms  of  fever ;  soon  after 
which,  or  simultaneously,  or  even  before  the  ap- 
pearance of  febrile  signs,  excruciating  pains  are 
felt  in  different  parts  of  the  body,  particularly  in 
the  larger  joints,  which  are  more  or  less  red  and 
swollen ;  the  pain  shifting  from  one  to  the  other, 
at  times  with  great  rapidity.  The  disease  rarely 
terminates  in  less  than  six  weeks,  during  the 
greater  part  of  which  period  the  febrile  symptoms 
remain  severe ;  and  what  is  peculiar  to  the  dis- 
ease, the  skin  may  be  covered  daily  with  a  pro- 
fuse perspiration,  although  it  feels  extremely  hot, 
and  the  pulse  appears  in  no  way  modified  by  it. 
It  is  one  of  the  essential  symptoms  of  the  affec- 
tion, and  consequently  affords  no  relief.  The 
only  danger  to  be  apprehended  from  acute  rheu- 
'matism,  notwithstanding  the  apparent  severity 
of  the  symptoms,  is  the  translation  or  extension 
of  the  disease  {metastatic  rheu'matism)  to  some 
internal  part,  especially  to  the  heart.  This  ten- 
dency must  always  be  borne  in  mind.  Acute 
rheumatism  seldom  terminates  in  chronic ;  the;- 
who  are  liable  to  the  former  are  rarely  so  to  the 
latter,  and  conversely.  The  disease  will  gene- 
rally run  its  course  in  spite  of  treatment.  The 
usual  antiphlogistic  plan  had  better  be  pursued 
during  the  first  days  of  the  disease.  Blood-let- 
ting may  be  employed,  if  the  vigour  of  the  pa- 
tient and  of  the  disease  seem  to  require  it;  but. 
although  the  blood  is  generally  bufiy,  bleeding 
does  not  usually  seem  to  afford  much  relief.  Tbe- 
bowels  must  be  kept  open  ;  effervescent  draughts 
be  administered,  and  opium  be  given  in  full  doses 
to  allay  pain.  This  is,  generally,  all  that  is  ne- 
cessary during  the  first  week;  after  which,  ad- 
vantage will  usually  be  obtained  from  the  exhi 
bition  of  the  sulphate  of  quinia  with  sulphuric 
acid.  It  does  not  augment  the  excitement,  and 
will  be  found  proper  in  almost  all  cases.  Rheu- 
matic inflammation  is  very  different  from  other 
varieties,  and  this  may  account  for  the  anomaly. 
After  a  few  weeKs,  the  disease  usually  goes  off, 
but  leaves  the  patient  very  liable  to  a  recurrence 
on  slight  exposures  or  errors  of  diet :  at  times, 
acute  rheumatism  of  the  joints  puts  on  the  ap- 
pearance of  gout,  and  seems  to  be  a  complicatiou 
of  the  two  affections.  It  is  then  called  Gouty  or 
Arthrit'ic  rheumatism  or  Rheumatic  gout,  Rheii- 
matal'gia  nrthrit'iea,  Rheumarthro' sis,  Rheun.nr- 
thri'tia,  Arthri'tis  rheumat'ica  seujttveni'lis. 

Rheumatism  of  the  Arm,  Brachiorrheun>«— 
r.  Arthritic,  see  Rheumatism,  acute --r.  of  tL* 


RHEUMATISMAL 


754 


RHINOERAPHT 


Bladder,  Cystorrheuma — r.  of  the  Bowels,  Ente- 
rorrheuma. 

Rheumatism,  Cap'stilar,  Rheum n lis' mus  cap- 
Bula'ris.  Rheumatism  seated  in  the  lining  mem- 
brane of  the  joints  and  bursse  of  the  tendons. 
The  parts  most  liable  to  its  attacks  are  the  feet 
and  hands,  where  it  is  generally  easily  recognised 
by  the  enlargement  of  the  joints ;  but  the  pecu- 
liar characters  of  the  disease  are,  perhaps,  most 
strikingly  seen  when  it  attacks  the  knee. 

Rheumatism  op  the  Chest,  Pleurodynia. 

Rheumatism,  Chronic,  Arthro'nia  chron'icn, 
RJieumatismiis  chronicus  seu  no7ifehri'lis,  R.  vul- 
ga'ris  seu  invetera'tus  seu  hahitua'lis  seu  frig"i- 
dua,  Rheumatal'gia,  Rheumatodyn'ia,  Arthrodyn' - 
ia,  Arthritis  arthrodynia ,  (F.)  Rhumatisme  chro- 
niqne,  Rhumatalgie,  is  attended  with  pains  in  the 
hips,  shoulders,  knees,  and  other  large  joints. 
These  are,  sometimes,  confined  to  one  joint;  at 
others,  shift  from  one  to  another,  without  occa- 
sioning inflammation,  or  fever.  In  this  manner, 
the  complaint  often  continues  for  a  great  length 
of  time,  and  then  goes  off.  There  is  no  danger 
attendant  upon  it;  but  the  patient  may  become 
lame,  and  is  always  liable  to  painful  recurrences. 
jSTeither  variety  generally  terminates  in  suppura- 
tion ;  but  effusion  of  coagulable  lymph  is  apt  to 
occur,  so  as  to  occasion  permanent  thickening  of 
the  parts.  The  great  preventive  of  chronic  rheu- 
matism, and  one  of  the  most  valuable  curative 
agents,  is  flannel,  worn  next  the  skin.  The 
whole  class  of  rubefacients  may,  also,  be  used 
with  advantage.  The  warm  bath,  especially  the 
natural  warm  bath,  the  temperature  of  which 
does  not  vary,  is  perhaps  the  most  successful 
remedy  of  all. 

Rheumatism  op  the  Extremities,  Acrorrheu- 
ma — r.  of  the  Face,  Prosoporrheuma — r.  Gouty, 
see  Rheumatism,  acute — r.  of  the  Heart,  Cardior- 
rheuma — r.  Lead,  see  Lead  rheumatism — r.  of  the 
Leg,  Scelorrheuma — r.  of  a  Limb,  Merorrheuma 
— r.  Local,  Merorrheuma — r.  of  the  Loins,  Lum- 
bago —  r.  Metastatic,  see  Rh.  acute  —  r.  of  the 
Neck,  Torticollis — r.  Partial,  Merorrheuma. 

Rheumatism,  Preabdom'inal,  (F.)  Rhumatis- 
me pre-ahdominal.  Piheumatism  of  the  muscles 
of  the  anterior  and  lateral  portions  of  the  abdo- 
men ;  supposed  by  MM.  Genest  and  Requin  to 
be  the  same  as  the  nervous  affection  of  the  peri- 
toneum of  Gooch. 

Rheumatism  of  the  Skin,  see  Dermalgia — r. 
Topical,  Merorrheuma  —  r.  of  the  Uterus,  Me- 
trorrheuma. 

Rheumatism,  Visceral.  Rheumatism  affect- 
ing the  muscular  or  fibrous  tissues  of  the  viscera. 

Rheumatism  Weed,  Pyrola  maculata,  P.  um- 
bellate. 

RHEUMATISMAL,  Rheumatic. 

RIIEUMATISMUS,  Abdominis,  Coeliorrheu- 
ma  —  r.  Acutus,  Rheumatism,  acute  —  r.  Arti- 
culorum  acutus,  Rhovimatism,  acute  —  r.  Bra- 
chii,  Brachiorrheuma  —  r.  Cancrosus,  Neuralgia 
faciei  —  r.  Cervicis,  Torticollis — r.  Colli,  Torti- 
collis— r.  Cordis,  Cardiorrheuma — r.  Cruris,  Sce- 
lorrheuma— r.  Dorsalis,  Lumbago — r.  Extremi- 
tatuin,  Acrorrheuma  —  r.  Faciei,  Prosoporrheu- 
ma— r.  Febrilis,  Dengue — r.  Inflammatorius  seu 
liypersthenicus,  Rheumatismus  acutus — r.  lutcs- 
tinorum,  Enterorrheuma  —  r.  Intestinorum  cum 
ulcere,  Dysentery — r.  Larvatus,  Neuralgia  faciei 
—  r.  Localis,  Merorrheuma — r.  Membrorum  sin- 
jTulorum,  Merorrheuma — r.  Non  febrilis,  Rheu- 
iLiatism,  acute --r.  Partialis,  Mcrorrheunia  —  r. 
Pectoris,  Pleurodynia — r.  Phlegoionodcs,  Slyosi- 
tis — r.  Spuria'^  nervosus.  Neuralgia— r.  Univer- 
nalis  febrilis.  Rheumatism,  acute — r.  Uteri,  Me- 
irorrheurcj    -r.  Vesicae  uriuariaD,  Cystorrbeuma 


r.  Vulgaris  seu  inveteratus  seu  habitualis  seu  fri- 
gidus.  Rheumatism,  chronic. 

RHEUMATODYNIA,  Rheumatism,  chronic. 

RHEUMATOPHTHAL'MIA,  i?AcMCTo^3ArAaZ'. 
mia;  from  pcvjxa,  'rheumatism,'  and  o(pda\itta, 
'  inflammation  of  the  eyes.'  Rheumatic  oph- 
thalmia. 

RHEUMATOPYRA,  Rheumatism,  acute. 

RHEUMATOSIS,  Rheumatism. 

RHEUMOPHTHALMIA,  Rheumatophthal- 
mia,  Sclerotitis. 

RHEXIS,  Rhetjma,  Birup'tio,  Rup'tio,  Rup- 
tu'ra,  Riiptfure.  Rupture  of  a  vessel  or  organ. 
Spontaneous  opening  of  an  abscess. 

Rhexis  Oc'uli.  Bursting  of  the  eye  from  any 
cause;  spontaneous  or  excited. 

RIIICNO'SIS,  from  piKvoapiat,  'to  become  wrin- 
kled;' Cutis  corniga'tio.  Wrinkling  of  the  skin 
from  extenuation  of  the  body ;  opposed  to  cKTaais, 
or  distension  from  repletion. 

RHIGOS,  Rigor. 

RHIN,  Nasus. 

RIIINAL'GIA,  Rhinodyn'ia,  from  ptv,  'the 
nose,'  and  ayXoj,  '  pain.'     Pain  in  the  nose. 

Rhinal'gia  ab  Intrc'sis.  Pain  in  the  nose 
from  foreign  bodies. 

Rhinal'gia  A''ermino'sa.  Pain  in  the  nose 
from  worms.  _ 

RHINAN'CnONE,  Rhinan'gia,  Rhinoategno' - 
sis;  from  g-iv,  'the  nose,'  and  ayxofv,  'narrow- 
ness.'    Contraction  of  the  nose.     Snuffles. 

RHINANGIA,  Rhinanchone,  Snuffles 

RHINCHOS,  Rostrum. 

RHINENCEPHALIA,  Cvclopia. 

RHINEN'CHYSIS,  Rhiitenchys'ia,  *Vom  ptv, 
'the  nose,'  cv,  'in,'  and  x^'^f  'I  pour.'  An  infu- 
sion or  injection,  made  into  the  nostril  ,  with  a 
syringe  called  Rhinen'chites. 

RHINES,  Nares. 

RHINI'TIS,  Nasi' tie,  from  piv,  pjvof,  'the 
nose,'  and  itis,  denoting  inflammation.  Inflam- 
mation of  the  nose.     Coryza. 

Rhinitis  Ulcerosa,  Ozsena. 

RHINOBLENNORRHCEA,  Rhinorrhoea. 

RHINOC'ACE,  Cory'za  scarlatina' aa ;  from 
piv,  'the  nose,'  and /caxos,  'evil.'  The  offensive 
discharge  from  the  nose,  and  other  symptoms  in- 
dicating a  morbid  condition  of  the  Schneideriau 
membrane  that  accompany  the  worst  forms  of 
scarlatina. 

RHINOCATARRHUS,  Coryza. 

RHINOCNES'MUS,  from  piv,  'the  nose,'  and 
Kvriajxoi,  '  itching.'     Itching  of  the  nose. 

RHINODYNIA,  Rhinalgia. 

RHINOPHO'NIA,  from  piv,  'the  nose,'  and 
fwvr;,  '  the  voice.'  A  nasal  voice,  called,  also, 
Di/spho'nia  immodula' ta  nasa'lia,  Parapho'nia 
naaalis,  Paraphonia  res'nnans,  Psellis'miis  na'si- 
tas,  Ifycteropho' uia,  Na'sitas,  Vox  nain'lis,  Pn- 
rala'lia  nusa'lis.     Speaking  through  the  nose. 

RHINOPLAS'TIC,  Rhinoplas'tica  (ars),  from 
piv,  'the  nose,'  and  TrXao-o-u,  'I  form.'  An  epithet 
applied  to  the  operation  for  forming  a  new  nose. 
The  Taliacotinn  operation,  so  called  because  de- 
scribed by  Tagliacozzi.  It  consists  in  bringing 
down  a  portion  of  flesh  from  the  forehead,  and 
causing  it  to  adhere  to  the  anterior  part  of  tho 
remains  of  the  nose. 

RIIINOP'TIA,  from  piv,  'the  nose,'  and  ot- 
TOjiai,  'I  see.'  The  act  of  seeing  over  the  rose. 
Squinting  over  the  nose. 

RHINORRHAGIA,  Epistaxis. 

RHINOR'RHAPHY,  Rhinorrhaph'in,  from 
piv,  'nose,'  and /)o0i;,  'a  suture.'  An  opcratfon 
for  the  removal  of  epicanthis,  which  consists  in 
pinching  up  a  longitudinal  fold  of  the  skin,  in- 
cluding this  fold  in  two  elliptical  incisions,  remo- 


RHmOREHCEA 


755 


RHUS 


ving  it,  and  bringing  together  the  edges  of  the 
wound  by  harelip  suture. 

RHINORRHCE'A,  RMnohlennorrhce' a,  from 
piv,  pivoi,  'the  nose/  and  pew,  'I  flow.'  A  dis- 
charge of  limpid  mucus  from  the  nose  without 
any  inflammatory  symptom.  A  gleet  from  the 
nose. 

RHINO'SIS,  from  ^ivog,  'a  skin,  leather,'  or 
from  piKvos,  'rugous.'  The  state  of  looseness  and 
excess  of  skin  observed  in  phthisis.  —  Vogel. 

RHINOSTEGNOSIS,  Rhinanchone. 

RHIPTASMOS,  Jactation. 

RHIPTOLUSIA,  Affusion. 

Bins,  Nasus. 

RHIZA,  Radix. 

RHIZAGRA,  Punch. 

RHIZO'MA,  Rhizome,  from  pt^a,  'a  root.'  The 
part  of  the  root  of  a  plant,  which  consists  of  wood 
or  flesh,  as  in  the  carrot. 

RHIZOPH'AGUS,  from  pi^a,  'a  root,'  and 
ipayui,  '  I  eat.'     One  who  lives  on  roots. 

RHIZOTOMIST,  see  Simpks. 

RHIZOTOMUS,  Apothecary. 

RHOA,  Punica  granatum. 

RHODELiE'ON,  Oleum  rosa' rum.  Oil  of  roses, 
or  oil  impregnated  with  roses. 

RHO'DIA,  Rhodi'ola  ro'sea,  Rosea,  Rosewort, 
(F.)  Rhodiole.  Sex.  Si/st.  Dioecia  Octandria.  The 
root,  Roseroot,  when  dry,  has  a  very  pleasant 
emell,  and  is  slightly  astringent.     It  is  not  used. 

RHO'DINUS,  Rho'dius,  Rosa'cen^,  Ro'seus, 
Roxa'tus.  Rosy.  Formed  of,  or  containing,  roses. 

RHODIOLA  ROSEA,  Rhodia, 

RHODIOLE,  Rhodia. 

RHODITES  VINUM.  "Wine  in  which  roses 
have  been  macerated. 

RHO'DIUM  LIGNUM,  Rhodium  ov  Rosewood. 
The  wood  or  root  of  a  tree  supposed  to  be  Ge- 
nis'ta  Canarien'sis  of  Linnasus.  (F.)  Roia  de 
rose,  Bois  de  Chypre.  Family,  Leguminosse. 
Sex.  Si/st.  Diadelphia  Deeandria.  The  essential 
oil  is  a  perfume,  and  possesses  cordial  and  tonic 
virtues.     Its  smell  is  attractive  to  fish,  rats,  &c. 

RHODIUS,  Rhodinus. 

RHODODAPHNIS.  Nerium  oleander. 

RHODODEN'DRON  CHRTSAN'THEMUM, 
R.  chrysan'thum  seu  au'reum  seu  officina'le,  the 
Olean'der,  Rose-bay,  Yellow  rhododendrum,  3Ioun- 
tain  Laurel,  (F.)  Bosage,  R.  chrysanthe.  Nat. 
Ord.  Ericaceae.  Sex.  Syst.  Deeandria  Monogy- 
nia.  This  plant  has  been  recommended  in  rheu- 
matism, gout,  and  syphilis.  In  an  overdose,  it 
produces  acro-nareotic  symptoms. 

Rhododen'dronMax'imum,  Great  Laurel,  Ame- 
rican Rose-bay.  An  indigenous  shrub.  Order, 
Ericaceae,  which  flowers  in  July.  It  is  stimulant 
and  astringent,  and  has  been  used  by  the  Indians 
in  gout  and  rheumatism. 

RHODOME'LA  PALMA'TA,  Didse,  Sac'cha- 
rine  Fiicus.  One  of  the  Algje,  eaten  in  large 
quantities  throughout  the  maritime  countries  of 
the  north  of  Europe,  and  in  the  Grecian  Archi- 
pelago. 
'   RHODOMELI,  Mel  rosjE. 

RHODON,  Rosa  centifolia. 

RHODOSACCHARUM,  Confectio  rosae  gal- 
liete. 

RHODOSTACTON,  Mel  rosae. 

RHODOSTAGMA,  Aqua  rosae. 

RHQ5A,  Punica  granatum. 

RHCEAS,  Papaver  rhoeas. 

RHOEBDESIS,  Absorption. 

RHCEUM,  Rheum. 

RHOGMOS,  Rattle. 

RIIOI'TES,  poiTns,  a  wine  impregnated  with 
the  pomegranate ;  from  poeg.  Pomegranates,  — 
Dioscorides.     A  confection,  made  by  boiling  the 


juice  of  the  pomegranate  in  honey.  —  Paulus  of 

^gina. 

RHOMBOiDEUS,  from  popPo;,  'a  rhombus,' 
whose  sides  are  equal,  with  two  obtuse  and  two 
acute  angles.  Rhomboideus  major  and  minor, 
RhomboV des,  Cervici-dorso-sca2)ulaire.  A  muscle 
situate  at  the  pos'erior  inferior  part  of  the  neck, 
and  at  the  posterior  part  of  the  back.  It  has  a 
rhomboidal  shape,  and  is  attached,  by  its  inner 
edge,  to  the  posterior  cervical  ligament,  and  to 
the  spinous  processes  of  the  last  cervical  verte- 
bra, and  of  the  first  four  or  five  dorsal.  By  its 
outer  edge,  it  is  attached  to  the  spinal  or  poste- 
rior edge  of  the  scapula.  It  is  divided  into  two 
fasciculi,  constituting  the  Rhomboideus  major  and 
minor,  the  latter  being  situate  higher  than  the 
other.  This  muscle  draws  the  scapula  backwards 
and  upwards,  and  impresses  upon  it  a  rotatory 
motion,  which  brings  its  inferior  angle  nearer  to 
the  spine ;  and,  consequently,  depresses  the  an- 
terior angle  and  the  shoulder. 

RHOMBOS,  popPoi.  A  bandage  mentioned  by 
Galen,  so  called  on  account  of  its  rhomboidal 
shape. 

'RHO^  CH  Ah,  Rhoneha' I  is,  from  ronchus,  'rat- 
tle.' Relating  or  appertaining  to  rhonchus  :  — 
as  'rhonchal  fluctuation,'  the  fremitus  that  occurs 
through  the  influence  of  respiration  as  an  attend- 
ant on  cavernous  rhonchi.  — Walshe. 

RHONCHUS,  Rattle,  Snoring,  Stertor— r.  Ca- 
vernous, see  Gurgling  — r.  Cavernulous,  see  Gur- 
gling— r.  Crepitans,  RCde  crepitant — r.  Crepitans 
Redux,  see  Crepitant  —  r.  Mucous,  see  Rale  mn- 
queux—r.  Sibilans,  see  Rale  crepitant — r.  Sibilus, 
Rale  sibilant  —  r.  Sonorus,  Rale  sonore  —  r.  Sub- 
crepitant,  see  Rale  muqueux. 

RHOPALISMUS,  Priapismns. 

RHOPALOSIS,  Plica,  Pupil,  Uvea. 

RHOPE,  Congestion. 

RHOTACISMUS,  Rotacism. 

RHUBARB,  Rheum  —  r.  Chinese,  see  Rheum 
—  r.  French,  Rheum  Rhapontieum  —  r.  India, 
see  Rheum  —  r.  Krimea,  Rheum  Rhapontieum 
■ — r.  Monk's,  Rumex  Alpinus,  Rumex  patientia — 
r.  Poor  man's,  Thalictron — r.  Rhapontic,  Rheum 
Rhapontieum — r.  Russia,  see  Rheum — r.  Turkey. 
see  Rheum — r.  Wild,  Convolvulus  panduratus. 

RHUBARBE  FAUSSE,  Thalictron  —  »-.  d<^a 
Panvres,  Thalictron. 

RHUE,  Ruta. 

RHUiMATALGIE.  Rheumatism,  chronic 

R  H  UMA  TIQ  UE,  Rb  eumatic. 

RHUMA  TISANT,  Rheumatic. 

RHUMATISMALE,  Rheumatic. 

RHUMATISME,  Rheumatism  —  r.  Aigu, 
Rheumatism,  acute — r.  Chronique,  Rheumatism, 
chronic  —  r.  Preabdomrinale,  Rheumatism,  prae- 
abdominal  —  r.  de  l' Uterus,  Metrorrheuma. 

RHUME,  Rheum — r.  de  Cerveau,  Coryza  — 
r.  de  Poitrine,  Catarrh. 

RHUS  CORIA'RIA,  Sumach,  Shumack,  Rhus 
Glabrum,  Adu'rion,  Elm-leaved  Sumach,  (F.) 
Sumac  des  Corroyeurs.  Family,  Terebinthacea;. 
Sex.  Syst.  Pentandria  Monogynia,  This  is  the 
only  species  of  the  genus  rhus  that  is  innocent. 
Both  the  leaves  and  berries  have  been  used  as 
astringents  and  tonics. 

Rhus  Glabrtjm,  Rh.  coriarLa. 

Rhus  Radi'cans,  Rhus  vemix,  Poison  vine 
{America).  This  plant  is  poisonous  (see  Poisons. 
Table  of),  and  is  extremely  acrid,  when  applied 
to  the  skin,  producing  erysipelas  and  vesications, 
and  has  been  used,  like  the  next  variety,  in  pa- 
ralysis and  other  nervous  afiections, 

Rhus  Sylvestris,  Myrica  gale. 

Rhus  Toxicoden'dron,  Toxicoden' dr-on.  Poison 
Oak  {America),  (F.)  Sumac  venSnenx.  This  plant 
has  been  used  in  paralytic  affections  and  cutauo< 


RHTPAEIA 


756 


RINGWORM 


Otts  eruptions.  It  is  poisonous,  like  the  last. 
Dose,  gr.  ss  to  gr.  iv. 

Rhus  Vernix,  Rh.  radicans. 

RHYPARIA,  Rupia,  Sordes  primarum  viarum. 

RHYPOS,  Sordes. 

RHYPTICA,  Detergents. 

RHYPTICUS,  Abstergent. 

RHYSIS,  Flux. 

RHYSMUS,  Rhythm. 

RHYSSEMA,  AVrinkle. 

RHYTHM,  Bhythmus,  RTiysmiis,  'measured 
movement.'  The  order  or  proportion,  as  regards 
time,  which  reigns  between  the  different  move- 
ments of  an  organ  —  as  of  the  heart ;  —  or  of  the 
organism  in  health  and  disease.  Thus,  rhythm 
is  applied  to  the  diurnal  variations  of  the  pulse ; 
and  to  the  paroxysmal  movements  of  an  inter- 
mittent. 

RHYTHMICAL,  Periodical. 

RHYTHMicAii  Contractions  of  Muscles,  are 
those  that  succeed  one  another  after  regular  in- 
tervals. 

RHYTHMUS,  Rhythm. 

RHYTIDOSIS,  Rutidosis. 

RIB,  Costa — r.  False,  see  Costa — r.  Floating, 
see  Costa  —  r.  Sternal,  see  Costa  —  r.  True,  see 
Costa. 

RIBES  NIGRUM,  R.  oVidnm,  Grossnla'ria 
nigra,  Cassis.  The  Black  currant,  (F.)  Groseil- 
lier  noir.  Sex.  Syst.  Pentandria  Monogynia. 
The  berries  have  been  recommended  in  sore- 
throat,  as  diuretics.  The  leaves  have  been  ad- 
vised for  the  same  purpose.  They  are  chiefly 
used  as  preserves. 

RiBEs  Olidum,  R.  nigrum  —  r.  Officinale,  R. 
rubrum. 

RiBEs  Rubrum,  R.  officina'le  seu  vtilga're, 
Grossnla'ria  non  spino'sa  seu  rubra,  the  Red  cw- 
1-ant,  (F.)  GroseilUer  rouge ;  of  which  the  White 
is  only  a  variety.  It  is  cultivated,  and  affords 
an  agreeable  fruit.  It  possesses  the  qualities  of 
the  subacid  fruits  in  general,  and  makes  an  ex- 
cellent preserve. 

RiBES  VuLGARE,  R.  rubrum. 

RIBS,  NECK  OF  THE,  Collum  eostarum  — 
r.  Short,  see  Costa. 

RICE,  Oryza — r.  Disease,  Cholera — r.  Ground, 
see  Oryza — r.  Jelly,  see  Oryza. 

Rice  Water,  see  Oryza.  The  evacuations  of 
cholera  have  been  termed  —  from  their  resem- 
blance to  rice-water  —  ' rice-toater  discharges;' 
and  in  India,  'congee  discharges;'  —  congee  in 
Hindoostanee  meaning  'rice-water.' 

Rice,  Wild,  Zizania  aquatica. 

RICHARDSONIA,  see  Ipecacuanha. 

RiCHLEAF,  Collinsonia  Canadensis. 

RICHWEED,  Acteea  racemosa.  Ambrosia  tri- 
Cda,  Collinsonia  Canadensis,  Pilea  pumila. 

RICIN,  Ricinus  communis. 

RICINOIDES,  Jatropha  curcas. 

RICINUS  COMMU'NIS.  The  Castor  oil 
plant,  Catapu'tia  major,  Ricinus  vnlga'ris  seu 
vir'idis,  Raima  Christi,  Faba  purga'trix,  Cerua, 
Kerua,  Cici,  (F.)  Ricin,  Five  piirgatif.  Fa- 
mily, Euphorbiaceae.  Sex.  Syst.  Mon'oecia  Mona- 
delphia.  Castor-oil  seeds,  whence  the  oil  is  ob- 
tained, are  inodorous;  taste  acrid  and  slightly 
sweetish.  One  or  two  seeds — Sem'ina  Cata2m'tim 
niajoris  seu  Ric"ini  vnlga'ris  —  will  act  as  a  ca- 
thartic ;  but  the  oil  is  alone  used.  It  is  obtained 
by  bruising  the  castor-seeds,  previously  deeorti- 
eated,  and  then  expressing  the  oil  without  the 
application  of  heat.  Recently-drawn  castor  oil. 
Oleum  dp  herva,  0.  hervi'num,  Alker'va,  Oleum 
Ric"ini,  0.  Cic"'innm,  0.  Palmce  liq'uidum,  0. 
tie  Raima  Ckristi,  (F.)  Iluile  de  Ricin,  is  inodor- 
-•us  and  nearly  insipid.  It  is  cathartic,  operating 
fpeedily,  and  may  be  used  in  all  cases  where 


powerfully  stimulating  purgatives  would  be  ia« 
jurious.  Dose,  fgj  to  f^iss.  Hufeland  recom- 
mends that  a  drop  of  croton  oil  shall  be  ad- 
ded to  an  ounce  of  the  oil  of  poppy,  and  that 
the  mixture  shall  be  called  O'leum  Ric"ini  Offi- 
cina'le. 

At  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope  the  oil  is  obtained 
from  Ricinus  liv'idus. 

A  variety  of  Ricinus  at  Cape  Verd  is  employed 
by  the  inhabitants  to  increase  the  secretion  of 
milk.  It  is  applied  in  the  form  of  poultice,  made 
with  the  green  leaves,  to  the  mammae,  or  of  a 
strong  decoction,  with  which  the  mammae  and 
the  external  parts  of  generation  are  washed. 

Ricinus  Lividus,  see  Ricinus  communis  —  r. 
Major,  Jatropha  curcas — r.  Minor,  Jatropha  ma- 
nihot — r.  Viride,  R,  communis — r.  Vulgaris,  R. 
communis. 

RICKETS,  Rachitis. 

RICKETY,  Rachiticus. 

RICTUS  LUPINUS,  see  Harelip. 

RIBE^  Wrinkle. 

RIBF,  Wrinkled. 

RIDING  (of  Bones).  Ossinm  euperposit"io, 
(F.)  Chevauchement.  Displacement  of  the  frag- 
ments of  a  bone,  chiefly  produced  by  the  contrac- 
tion of  muscles,  which  occasions  shortening  of 
the  limb;  the  fractured  extremities  riding  over 
each  other,  instead  of  being  end  to  end. 

RIGIDITAS,  Rigidity. 

RiGiDiTAS  Aeticulc'rum,  Ancylo'sis  spu'ria. 
Stiffness  of  the  joints.     False  ancylosis. 

RIGIDITY,  Rigid' itas,  from  rigere,  'to  stiffen.' 
Great  stiffness  of  fibre,  or  want  of  suppleness. 
The  stiffness  of  the  dead  body,  (F.)  Roideur  ca- 
davSriqne,  is  one  of  the  most  certain  signs  of  the 
cessation  of  life. 

RI'GOR,  Rhigos,  Algor,  Coldness,  Cheim'ia, 
(F.)  Frisson.  Same  etymon.  Sensation  of  cold, 
with  involuntary  shivering  of  the  whole  body  : — 
a  symptom  of  fever.  A  slighter  degree,  and  at 
times  full  rigor,  is  occasionally  termed  a  chill, 
frigus  ten'ue,  perfrigera'tio. 

Rigor  Artuum,  Contractura — r.  Cadaverosus, 
Rigor  mortis  —  r.  Corporis  mortui.  Rigor  mortis 
— r.  Emortualis,  Rigor  mortis — r.  Maxillae  infe 
rioris.  Trismus. 

Rigor  Mortis,  R.  cor'poris  mor'tui,  R.  cada- 
vero'sus,  R.  emortua'lis,  Necronarce'ma,  (F.)  i?oi'- 
deur  ou  Raideur  cadaveriqiie.  '  Stiffness  of 
death.'  Death  stiffening.  The  rigidity  of  limbs 
that  occurs  on  dissolution. 

Rigor  Nervorum,  Tetanus — r.  Nervosus,  Te- 
tanus. 

RIMA,  Schisma,  Schiza,  A  fissure,  a  cleft ;  as 
Rima,  or  Ri'mida  Olot'tidis  seu  Baryn'gis,  '  the 
opening  of  the  glottis.'  Rima  vuIvcb,  R.  magna, 
Intro'ilus,  Sinus  vnlvee,  Scapha,  Scaphvs  seu  Fis- 
su'ra  magna  seu  Scissn'ra  vzdvcB,  Schiza,  '  the 
opening  of  the  vulva.'     See  Vulva. 

Rima  Canalis  Orbitarii,  Suborbitar  fissure — 
r.  ad  Infundibulum,  Vulva  cerebri — r.  Laryngis, 
Rima  glottidis — r.  Magna,  Vulva,  see  Rima — r. 
Transversa  Magna  Cerebri,  Fissure,  transverse, 
of  the  brain. 

RIM^,  Rhagades. 

RIMULA  GLOTTIDIS,  Rima  glottidis  — r. 
Laryngis,  Rima  glottidis. 

RINjSUS,  Compressor  naris. 

RINCHOS,  Rostrum. 

RING,  Sax.  hpms,  pins.  Germ.  Ring,  Cricos, 
(F.)  A7ineau.  A  name  given  to  natural,  circular, 
or  roundish  apertures,  with  muscular  or  aponeu- 
rotic parietes,  which  serve  for  the  passage  of 
some  vessel  or  canal:  — as  the  umbilical  ring, 
inguinal  ring,  &c. 

RINGWORM,  Herpes  circinatus  —  r.  of  the 


EIRE 


757 


ROSA 


Scalp,  Porrigo  scutulata  —  r.  Ulcerative,  Herpes 
exedens — r.  Vesicular,  Herpes  praeputii. 

EIRE  ou  RIS,  Risus — r.  Canin,  Canine  laugh 
—  r.  Moqueur,  Canine  laugh  —  r.  Sardonien,  Ca- 
nine laugh,  Risus  sardonicus  —  r.  Sardonique, 
Canine  laugh. 

RISAGON,  Cassumuniar. 

RISIGALLUM,  Orpiment. 

RISING,  see  Regurgitation — r.  of  the  Lights, 
Cynanche  trachealis. 

Rising  or  Eleva'tion  op  the  Pulse,  Pulstla 
eleva'tio.  The  pulse  is  said  to  rise,  when  it  be- 
comes more  full  and  frequent,  as  occurs  in  the 
exacerbation  of  acute  diseases. 

RISO'RIUS  NOVUS.  Santorini  gives  this 
name  to  a  portion  of  the  platysma  myoides, 
which  passes  from  the  cheek  towards  the  com- 
missure of  the  lips. 

RISSIGALLUM,  Orpiment. 

RISUS,  from  ridere,  riaum,  '  to  laugh.'  Gelus, 
Laughing,  Laughter,  Laugh,  (F.)  Rire  ou  Ris. 
An  involuntary  movement  of  the  muscles  of  the 
face,  and  of  the  lips  in  particular,  accompanied 
with  a  sonorous  and  interrupted  respiration,  com- 
monly indicating  mirth  and  satisfaction. 

Risus  Apium,  Ranunculus  seeleratus  —  r.  Ca- 
ninus,  Canine  laugh  —  r.  Involuntarius,  Canine 
laugh  —  r.  Sardonicus,  Canine  laugh  —  r.  Spasti- 
cus.  Canine  laugh. 

RITA-CRISTINA.  A  celebrated  double  mon- 
ster, born  in  Sardinia,  in  1829.  It  lived  to  be 
nearly  nine  months  old.  Two  distinct  bodies 
were  united  at  the  pelvis.  Below,  the  monster 
was  single. 

RIVER  WEED,  Conferva  rivalis. 

RIZ,  Oryza.    r 

ROAN  TREE,  Sorbus  aeuparia. 

ROB,  Roob,  Rohub,  Rohob,  Rohab,  (F.)  Extrait 
des  fi-uits.  This  word,  of  Arabic  extraction, 
means  the  juice  of  any  fruit  thickened  to  the 
consistence  of  honey  by  evaporation,  before  it 
has  fermented.  The  juice  of  the  grape,  boiled  to 
this  consistence,  was  called  Sajia,  and,  when  not 
quite  so  thick,  Defru'tum. 

Rob  Cynosbatos,  Confectio  rosse  caninae  —  r. 
6x  Moris,  Diamorion  —  r.  Nucum,  Diacaryon. 

ROBIN  RUN-AWAY,    Glechoma   hederacea, 

ROBIN'IA  AMA'RA,  Family,  Leguminosse. 
Sex.  Syst.  Diadelphia  Deeandria.  The  roots  of 
the  Robinia  amara  of  Cochin  China  are  bitter, 
and  have  been  recommended,  especially  in  that 
country,  in  diarrhoea  and  dyspepsia. 

Robinia  Psecdo-Aca'cI'I,  Pseudaca'cia  odo- 
ra'ta.  False  Aca'cia,  Black  Locust,  Locust-tree  ; 
native  of  America.  The  flowers  are  said  to  pos- 
sess antispasmodic  properties. 

ROBORANS,  Corroborant. 

ROBORANTIA,  Tonics. 

ROBUB,  Rob. 

ROCCELLA,  Lichen  roccella  —  r.  Tinctoria, 
Lichen  roccella. 

ROCHE'S  EMBROCATION  FOR  HOOPING- 
COUGH.  An  empirical  preparation,  composed 
of  ol.  oliv.  ^xvj,  ol.  succin.  ^viij,  ol.  caryoph., 
q.  s.  to  scent  it  strongly. 

ROCHER,  see  Temporal  bone. 

ROCHETTA  ALEXANDRINA,  Soda. 
ROCKET,  GARDEN,  Brassica  eruca— r.  Ro- 
man, Brassica  eruca. 

ROCK  ROSE,  Helianthemum  Canadense,  H. 
Corymbosum. 

ROCOU,  Terra  Orleana. 

RODSCHIEDIA  BURSA  PASTORIS,Thlaspi 
bursa. 
EOGNE,  Psora. 
ROHAB,  Rob. 

ROHENA  BARK,  Swietenia. 
ROHOB,  Rob. 


ROHUN,  see  Strychnos  nux  vomica. 
ROIDEUR  OADAVERIQUE,  Rigor  mortis. 
ROISDORFF,    MINERAL    WATERS    OF. 
Alkaline  waters  in  Germany,  which  contain  car- 
bonic acid  and  carbonate  of  soda. 
ROLLER,  Bandage,  Fascia. 
R02IARIN,  Rosmarinus — r.  Sauvage,  Ledum 
sylvestre. 

ROME,  (CLIMATE  OF.)  The  climate  of 
Rome,  as  regards  its  physical  qualities,  is  con- 
sidered to  be  one  of  the  best  in  Italy.  It  is  pe- 
culiarly still  ]  and,  hence,  has  been  esteemed 
favorable  as  a  winter  climate  in  pulmonary  dis- 
eases, and  for  invalids  generally,  as  it  admits  of 
their  taking  exercise  in  the  open  air  at  a  lower 
temperature  than  they  otherwise  could  do.  In 
the  early  stages  of  consumption,  Sir  James  Clark 
generally  found  the  climate  favourable. 
ROMPEURE,  Hernia. 

RONCE,  Rubus  id£eus  —  r.  Bleue,  Rubus  cse- 
sius  —  r.  de  Montague,  Rubus  chamsemorus  —  r. 
Noire,  Rubus  fruticosus. 

RONCHUS,  Snoring,  Stertor. 
RONE,  Round  —  r.  Grand,  Teres  major  —  r. 
Petit,  Teres  minor. 

RONFLEMENT,  Snoring,  Stertor,  see  Rattle 
—  r.  de  Diable,  Bruit  de  Eiable. 
ROOB,  Rob. 

ROOF  OF  THE  MOUTH,  Palate. 
ROOT,  Radix  —  r.  Ague,  Aletris  farinosa  —  r. 
Bitter,  Apocynum  androssemifolium — r.  Canada, 
Asclepias  tuberosa — r.  Red,  Celastrus — r.  Rough, 
Liatris — r.  of  Scarcity,  Beta  hybrida — r.  Squaw, 
Actcea  racemosa  —  r.  Sweet,  Acorus  calamus — r. 
Unicorn,  Aletris  farinosa — r.  Yellow,  Xanthoriza 
apiifolia  —  r.  Yellow,  Jefi"ersonia  Bartoni. 
ROPE  BARK,  Dirca  palustris. 
ROQUETTE,  Brassica  eruca.  Soda. 
RORELLA,  Drosera  rotundifolia. 
RORIF'EROUS,  Ror'ifer,  (F.)  Rorifh-e,  from 
ros,  'dew,'  andyerro,  'to  carry.'    An  epithet  given 
to  vessels  which  povur  exhaled  fluids  on  the  sur- 
face of  organs. 

Roriferous  Duct,  Thoracic  duet. 
ROS,  Sperm — r.  Calabrinus,  Fraxinus  ornus — 
r.  Solis,  Drosera  rotundifolia. 

ROSA,  R.  centifolia  —  r.  Afzeliana,  R.  canina. 
Rosa  Alba,  R.  usitatis'sima,  R.  leucan'tka. 
The  White  Rose,  (V.)  Rosier  blanc.  Family,  Ro- 
sacese.  Sex.  Syst.  Icosandria  Polygynia.  The 
flowers  of  this  species  possess  similar  but  inferior 
qualities  to  the  damask. 

Rosa  Armata,  R.  canina  —  r.  Austriaca,  R. 
Gallica  —  r.  Calycina,  R.  canina. 

Rosa  Cani'na,  R.  sylves'tris  seu  sentico'sa  seu 
Sioartzia'na  seu  Afzelia'na  seu  arma'ta  seu  caly- 
ci'na  seu  rubra  vulga'ris,  Oynor'rhodon,  Caniru'- 
bus,  Cani'nus  Sentis,  Cynocyt'isus,  Cynospas'tum, 
Cynos'batos,  Dog  Rose,  Wild  Briar,  Hip  Tree, 
(F.)  Rose  du  chien,  Eglantier  de  chien,  E.  sau- 
vagi.  The  fruit  of  this  variety,  called  Heps  or 
Hips,  has  a  sourish  taste,  and  is  formed  into  a 
conserve.  See  Confectio  cynosbati.  It  is  seldom 
employed,  except  to  give  form  to  more  active 
remedies;  as  to  pills,  boluses,  linctuses,  &c. 

Rosa  Centifo'lia ;  Hecatomphyl'la,  Lamask 
Rose,  Rosa  Eamasce'na,  R.  Pal'lida,  (F.)  Rosier 
d  cent  feuilles,  Rhodon,  Rosa.  The  petals  of  this 
rose  have  an  extremely  fragrant  odour,  and  sub- 
acidulous  taste.  They  are  laxative  ,•  but  are 
scarcely  used  for  any  purposes  except  for  the 
distillation  of  rose  water.  Oil  of  Roses,  Oleum 
RoscB,  and  the  formation  of  a  syrup. 
Rosa  Damascena,  R.  centifolia. 
Rosa  Gal'lica,  R.  Austriaca,  Rosa  rubra,  Red 
Rose,  (F.)  Rosier  de  Provine.  The  petals  of  this 
variety  are  astringent;  and  are  used  in  iufusioOf 
conserve,  &c. 


EOS AGE 


758 


EOUGOU 


Rosa  Lettcantha,  R.  alba — ^r.  Pallida,  R.  cen- 
tifolia — r.  Rubra,  R.  Gallica — r.  Rubra  vulgaris, 
R.  canina  —  r.  Saltans,  Essera  —  r.  Senticosa,  R. 
canina — r.  Swartziana,  R.  canina — r.  Sylvestris, 
R.  canina — r.  Usatitissima,  R.  alba. 

It  OS  AGE,  Roseola. 

ROSACEUS,  Rhodinus. 

ROSAGE,  Rhododendron  chrysanthemum. 

ROSAGO,  Nerium  oleander. 

ROSALIA,  Scarlatina. 

EOSx\LI^,  Scarlatina. 

R.03ATUS,  Rhodinus. 

ROSE,  Erysipelas  —  r.  Christmas,  Helleborus 
Diger — r.  Corn,  Papaver  rhoeas — r.  Damask,  Rosa 
centifolia — r.  Dog,  Rosa  canina — r.  Dog,  conserve 
or  confection  of,  Confectio  rosse  caninse  —  r.  dv, 
chien,  Rosa  canina  —  r.  Rash,  Roseola  —  r.  Red, 
^osa  Gallica  —  r.  Rock,  Helianthemum  Corym- 
bosum — r.  Spots,  Spots,  red — r.  White,  Rosa  alba. 

ROSEA,  Rhodia. 

ROSEBALM,  SCARLET,  Monarda  coceinea. 

ROSEBAY,  AMERICAN,  Rhododendron 
maximum, 

ROSE  DROP,  Gutta  rosea. 

ROSELLINA,  Roseolae. 

ROSEMARY,  Rosmarinus — r.  Marsh,  Statice 
limonium,  and  S.  Caroliniana  —  r.  Wild,  Erioce- 
phalus  umbellulatus. 

ROSENHEIM,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Rosenheim  is  34  miles  S.  E.  from  Miinich,  in 
Bavaria.  The  waters  contain  sulphuretted  hy- 
drogen, carbonic  acid,  carbonate  of  lime,  chlo- 
rides of  calcium  and  magnesium,  carbonate  of 
soda,  and  oxide  of  iron.    They  are  used  as  tonics. 

ROSE'OLA,  Exanthe'sis  Roseola,  Rose  Rash, 
(F.)  Roseole,  Eruption  anomale,  Rosace,  Fievre 
rouge.  Efflorescence  eri/sij)elateitse.  An  efflores- 
cence in  blushing  patches,  gradually  deepening 
to  a  rose-colour,  mostly  circular  or  oval  j  often 
alternately  fading  and  reviving;  sometimes,  with 
a  colourless  nucleus ;  and  chiefiy  on  the  cheeks, 
neck,  or  arms,  li  is  frequently  found,  as  a 
Bympcom,  in  dentition,  dyspepsia,  rheumatism, 
&c.,  and  is  of  no  consequence.  See  Roseola, 
Rubeola,  and  Scarlatina. 

Roseola  Acnosa,  Gutta  rosea. 

Roseola  ^sti'ta.  The  affection  which  pre- 
rails  in  summer.  The  eruption  is  of  a  darker 
colour,  and  is  attended  with  more  itching. 

Roseola  Anndla'ta.  Characterized  by  patches 
in  the  form  of  rose-coloured  rays,  with  central 
areas  of  the  colour  of  the  skin. 

Roseola  Ficosa,  Sycosis  —  r.  Variolosa,  Ro- 
geolae. 

ROSE'OLA,  Roseola,  Roselli'na,  False  mea- 
eles,  French,  measles,  (F.)  Roseole,  Fausse  rongeole. 
This  name  is  also  given  by  some  to  an  acute  ex- 
anthem,  midway  between  measles  and  scarlatina, 
and  which  belongs  to  neither  one  nor  the  other, 
as  it  affords  no  protection  against  either.  It  is, 
also,  termed  RubeolcB  by  some.  An  eruption 
which  often  precedes  that  of  small-pox  is  termed 
Roseola  Variola' sa. 

ROSEOLE,  Roseola,  Roseolse. 

ROSE  PINK,  Chironia  angularis. 

ROSES,  MILK  OF.  A  cosmetic  wash,  formed, 
according  to  one  method,  of  svbcarbonate  of  po- 
tass, gr.  vj  ;  oil  of  almonds,  ^j  ;  essence  of  berga- 
fitof,  3ij;  aquce  rosea,  §iij;  orange  flower  water, 
!^ij.     Mix. 

ROSE  US,  Rhodinus. 

ROSEWOOD,  Rhodium  lignum. 
ROSEWORT,  Rhodia. 

ROSIER  BLANC,  Rosa  alba  — r.  cl  Cent 
jeuillea,  R.  centifolia  —  r.  de  Provins,  Rosa  Gal- 
lica 

ROSIN,  BLACK,  Colophonia  — r.  Brown,  Co- 
lopbonia  —  r.  Weed,  Silphium  terebinthaceum  — 


r.  White,  see  Pinus  sylvestris  —  r.  Yellow,  see 
Pinus  sylvestris. 

ROSIO  STOMACHI,  Cardialgia  — r.  Ventri- 
culi,  Cardialgia. 

ROSMARINUM,  Rosmarinus. 
ROSMARI'NUS,  R.  officina'lis  sen  latifo'lius 
seu  horten'sis,  Alchachil,  Libano'tis  corona'ria, 
Bendrolib' anus, Rosemary ,  (F.)Rowarin.  Famihj, 
Labiatje.  Sex.  Syst.  Diandria  Monogynia.  The 
tops  of  this  plant,  Rosmarinus,  (Ph.  U.  S.)  Herha 
Anthos,  have  a  fragrant,  grateful  smell;  and  an 
aromatic,  warm,  bitterish  taste,  which  is  depend- 
ent upon  an  essential  oil,  combined  with  camphor. 
Rosemary  has  been  recommended  in  nervous 
headachs,  in  the  form  of  infusion.  It  is  now 
rarely  used,  except  for  its  odour.  The  flower  is 
called  Anthos,  av^S■os.  Its  oil — Oleum  Rosmarini 
— is  ofiBcinal.  From  two  to  six  or  ten  drops  are 
given  in  nervous  complaints,  rubbed  up  with 
sugar. 

Rosmarinus  Hortbnsis,  Rosmarinus — r.  Lati- 
folius,  Rosmarinus — r.  Officinalis,  Rosmarinus — 
r.  Stsechadis  facie,  Teucrium  creticum  —  r.  Syl- 
vestris, Ledum  sylvestre. 

ROSSALIA,  Scarlatina — r.  Squamosa,  Scarla- 
tina. 

ROSSIG'NOL.  A  name  given,  in  France,  to 
an  affection  to  which  pressmen  are  subject.  It 
is  a  sprain,  followed  by  tumefaction  of  the  radio- 
carpal joint. 

ROSSOLIO,  see  Spirit. 

ROSTRUM,  Rhinchos,  Rinchoa,  Ramphos,  'a 
beak.'  (F.)  Bee.  A  name  given  to  several  old 
forceps,  ou  account  of  their  resemblance  to  the 
beaks  of  different  birds.  The  principal  were  the 
Rostrum  corvi'num,  anati'num,  psittaci'num,  vuU 
turi'num,  cyg'neum  vel  olori'num,  grui'num,  laeer^ 
ti'num,  &c. 

Rostrum  Externum,  Olecranon — r.  Porcinum, 
Acromion — r.  Posterius,  Olecranon — r.  Sphenoi- 
dale, Azyges  processus. 

ROSY  BUSH,  Spiraja  tomentosa  —  r.  Drop, 
Gutta  rosea  —  r.  AVhelk,  Gutta  rosea. 

ROT,  Eructation. 

ROT,  Grinders',  Asthma,  grinders'. 

ROT'ACISM,  Rotacism'us,  Rhotaeis'mus,  PseU 
lis'mus  rhotaeis'mus,  (F.)  Grasseyement.  A  vi- 
cious pronunciation  of  the  Greek,  P,  Rau,  com- 
mon in  the  northern  parts  of  England;  especially 
near  Newcastle. 

ROTACISMUS,  Grasseyement. 

ROTA'TOR,  from  rota,  '  a  wheel.'  A  name 
given  to  several  muscles  that  turn  the  parts  to 
which  they  are  attached  upon  their  axes;  —  such 
as,  the  oblique  muscles  of  the  eye,  the  pronators, 
supinators,  &c. 

Rotator,  Trochanter. 

ROTATO'RES  DORSI.  Eleven  smull  mus- 
cles on  each  side  of  the  dorsal  vertobrfe,  which 
arise  from  the  point  or  upper  edge  of  each  trans- 
verse process,  and  pass  to  the  lower  edge  of  the 
arch  of  the  vertebra  above,  as  far  as  the  base  of 
the  transverse  process.  Their  action  is  to  rotate 
the  individual  vertebrse  on  each  other. 

Rotatores  Femoris,  Obturatores  —  r.  Oculi, 
Oblique  muscles  of  the  eye. 

ROTULA,  Patella,  Trochiscos  —  r.  Genu,  Pa- 
tella. 

ROTULAD,  see  Rotular  aspect. 

ROT'ULAR;  from  rotula,  -the  patella.'  Re- 
lating  or  appertaining  to  the  patella. 

Rot'ular  Aspect.  An  aspect  towards  tho 
side  on  which  the  rotula  is  situated.  —  Barclay. 
Rot'idad  is  used  by  the  same  writer,  adverbially, 
to  signify  '  towards  the  rotular  aspect.' 

ROTULE,  Patella. 

ROTUNDUS,  Round. 

ROUCOU,  Terra  Orleana. 


ROUEN 


759 


RUB  US 


ROUEN,  MINERAL  "WATERS  OF.  This 
water,  known  under  the  name,  Eau  des  fontaines 
de  la  JIareguerie,  is  cold,  and  contains  carbonate 
of  iron,  carbonic  acid,  carbonate  of  lime,  chloride 
of  calcium,  &c.     It  is  tonic. 

ROUGE,  Colcothar  —  r.  d'Angleterre,  Colco- 
thar.  ^ 

ROUGEOLE,  Rubeola  — r.  Faueae,  Roseolce. 

ROUGEURS,  Flush. 

ROUGH  ROOT,  Liatris, 

ROUILLE,  Rubiginous. 

ROUND,  Teres,  Rotun'diw,  (F.)  Rond.  Ana- 
tomists have  given  this  name  to  many  organs 
whose  fibres  are  collected  in  round  fasciculi.  See 
Teres. 

Round  Foramen,  Fora'men  rotund' um.  A 
foramen  of  the  sphenoid  bone,  a  little  behind  the 
foramen  lacerum  superius,  which  gives  passage 
to  the  second -branch  of  the  fifth  pair  of  nerves, 
called  superior  maxillary. 

RoUx\D  Heart,  Thaspium  atropurpureum. 

RouNB  Ligaments  op  the  Uterus,  Ligamen'ta 
rotund'a  U'teri,  (F.)  Cordons  sus-p>uhiens  (Ch.), 
Cordons  vasculaires,  Ligaments  ronds  de  I'uterus. 
Two  cords,  which  arise  from  the  lateral  and  su- 
perior parts  of  the  uterus,  whence  they  proceed 
towards  the  abdominal  rings,  which  they  pass 
through,  and  terminate  by  vanishing  in  the  areo- 
lar tissue  of  the  groins,  mons  veneris,  and  labia 
majora.  These  cords  are  whitish,  flattened,  and 
narrower  in  the  middle  than  at  the  extremities. 
According  to  Mr.  Rainey,  they  are  composed 
chiefly  of  the  striped  muscular  fibre. 

ROUTINE  PRACTITIONER,  Routinist. 

ROUTINIST,  pronounced  routeen' ist ;  (F.) 
Routinier ;  from  (F.)  routine;  'a  regular  habit  or 
practice,  unvaried  by  circumstances.'  One  who 
practises  in  such  an  unvaried  manner  :  —  a  rou- 
tine practitioner. 

RUBBER,  INDIAN,  Caoutchouc. 

RUBBING  SOUNDS,  Bruit  de  Frottement. 

RUBE'DO,  Rubor,  Redness;  from  rubere, 
'to  be  red.'  A  diflFused,  but  not  spotted,  redness 
on  any  part  of  the  skin ;  like  that  which  arises 
from  blushing.     Blushing. 

RUBEFA'CIENT,  EretMs'ma,  Erethis'ticHm, 
Rubefa'ciens,  from  ruber,  'red,'  and /a'f(o,  '  I 
make.'  (F.)  Rubeflant.  That  which  produces 
redness.  A  medicine  which  causes  redness  of 
the  skin.     The  action  is  called  Rube/action. 

RUBEFIANT,  Rubefacient. 

RUBE'OLA,  Rubeola  vulga'ris,  from  rubere, 
'  to  be  red.'  Rose'olm,  Exanthe'sis  Rubeola,  Ve- 
tera'na,  Blac'cia,  Bovil'lm,  Morbil'li,  Scarlati'na 
2}U8tulo'sa,  S.  ililia'ris,  Febris  morbillo'sa,  Ty- 
pJius  morbillosus,  Phcenicis'mus,  Ecphy'mata,  Ilea- 
eles;  (F.)  Rougeole,  Fievre  m.orbilleuse.  One  of 
the  major  exanthemata;  generally  affl'ecting  indi- 
viduals but  once,  and  produced  by  specific  conta- 
gion. The  rash  usually  appears  on  the  fourth, 
but  sometimes  on  the  third,  fifth,  or  sixth  day  of 
a  febrile  disorder ;  and,  after  a  continuance  of 
four  days,  gradually  declines  with  the  fever. 
The  disease  generally  commences  from  ten  to 
fourteen  days  after  the  contagion  has  been  re- 
ceived. The  eruption  first  shows  itself  in  dis- 
tinct, red,  and  nearly  circular  spots,  somewhat 
less  than  the  ordinary  areolfe  of  flea-bites.  As 
these  increase  in  number,  they  coalesce;  forming 
small  patches  of  an  irregular  figure,  but  approach- 
ing nearest  to  that  of  semicircles  or  crescents. 
These  patches  are  intermixed  with  single,  circu- 
lar dots  and  with  interstices  of  the  natural  colour 
of  the  skin.  On  the  face  they  are  slightly  raised, 
so  as  to  give  the  sensation  of  inequality  of  surface 
10  the  finger  passed  over  the  cuticle.  The  disap- 
pearance of  the  eruption  is  followed  by  desqua- 
mation of  the  cuticle.     Measles  is  not  dangerous 


of  itself;  but  it  is  liable  to  induce  pneumonia  in 
winter,  and  dysentery  in  summer,  which  are,  at 
times,  very  fatal.  These  are  apt  to  come  on  at 
the  time  of,  or  soon  after,  the  disappearance  of 
the  eruption.  When  thoy  supervene,  they  must 
be  treated  as  idiopathic  affections.  It  demands 
a  general  antiphlogistic  treatment.  Willan  has 
pointed  out  a  kind  of  Rubeola  sptj'ria,  which 
he  calls  Rubeola  sine  Catar'rho.  In  this  the 
rash  runs  its  regular  course,  with  little  fever  or 
catarrhal  affection  ;  affording  no  certain  security 
against  the  common  or  regular  disease.  He  also 
gives  the  name,  Rubeola  Nigra  or  Black  Mea- 
sles, to  an  unusual  appearance  of  the  measles 
about  the  seventh  or  eighth  day,  when  the  rash 
becomes  suddenly  livid,  with  a  mixture  of  yellow. 
It  is  devoid  of  inconvenience  or  danger ;  and  is 
removed  in  a  week  or  ten  days  by  the  mineral 
acids  and  tonics. 

RUBEOLA,  Roseolse. 

RU'BIA,  R.  Tincto'rum  seu  peregri'na  seu  syl- 
ves'tris,  Erythrod' anum.  Rubra  major,  Radix 
rubra,  Dyer's  Madder,  Iladder,  (F.)  Garance. 
Family,  Rubiacese.  Sex.  Syst.  Tetrandria  Mo- 
nogynia.  The  roots  of  this  plant  have  a  bitterish, 
somewhat  austere,  taste,  and  a  slight,  not  agree- 
able, smell.  They  were  formerly  considered  de- 
obstruent,  detergent,  and  diuretic. 

RUBIG"INOUS,  Ruhigino'sus,  from  rubigo, 
'rust.'  (F.)  Ronille.  Rusty.  Having  the  colour 
of  rust.  An  epithet  given  to  the  sputa  in  certa.in 
eases  of  pneumonia. 

RUBINUS  VERUS,  Anthrax. 

RUBOR,  Rubedo. 

RUBRI'CA  FABRI'LIS.  A  red,  heavy, 
earthy  matter,  formerly  employed  for  making 
drying  plasters;  Hard  Ruddle,  Red  Chalk. 

"Rubrica  Sinop'ioa.  a  heavy,  compact,  red- 
dish earth  :  formerly  used  in  diarrhoea. 

RUBRIN,  Haematiu. 

RUBUS  AFFINIS,  R.  fruticosus. 

RuBUS  Arc'ticus.  The  Shrubby  Strawbei-ry, 
Baccas  Norland'icas.  Family,  Rosacea.  Sex. 
Syst.  Icosandria  Polygynia.  The  fruit  is  recom- 
mended by  Linnteus  as  possessing  antiseptic,  re- 
frigerant, and  antiscorbutic  equalities. 

RuBus  Batus,  R.  Ceesius. 

RuBUS  C^'SIUS,  R.  batus;  the  Dewberry  plant, 
(F.)  Ronce  bleue.  The  fruit  resembles  the  black- 
berry in  appearance  and  properties.  The  bark 
of  the  root  of  R.  Trivia'lis,  American  Dewberry, 
is  astringent. 

RuBUS  Chamjemo'rus  ;  the  Cloudberry  Tree, 
Chamcsmo'rus,  C.  Norwegiea,  Chamadrys,  Cloud- 
berries, Knot-berries,  (F.)  Ronce  de  Montague. 
The  ripe  fruit  is  sometimes  prepared  like  a  jam, 
and  used  in  fevers,  &c.,  to  allay  thirst.  It  has 
been  much  extolled  as  an  antiscorbutic. 

RuBus  Frambcesianus,  R.  Idaeus. 

RuBUS  Frutico'sus,  R.  affi'nis  seu  panicula'- 
tus  seu  71  iger  seu  vulga'ris;  the  Common  Bram- 
ble, which  affords  Blackberries,  (F.)  Ronce  noire. 
The  berries  are  eaten  as  a  summer  fruit,  of  which 
they  form  a  poor  variety.  The  bark  of  the  root 
of  the  Rubus  villo'sus,  American  Blachberry, 
High  or  standing  blackberry,  Hairy  American 
Bramble,  is  astringent,  and  has  been  used  in  tho 
last  stages  of  dysentery,  and  in  cholera  infantum 

BuBUS  Idje'vs,  R.  fraynboesia'nus,  Batos  ;  the 
Raspberry,  (F.)  Framboise,  Ronce.  The  fruit  of 
the  best  varieties  is  extremely  agreeable  ;  and  is 
much  used.  It  was,  formerly,  called  Batinou 
moron. 

Rubus  Niger,  R.  fruticosus  —  r.  Paniculatu!-, 
R.  fruticosus. 

RuBUS  Strigo'sus,  Wild  red  raspberry,  ofth« 
United  States.  The  leav<v  are  often  used  as  t 
mild  astringent. 


RUCTAMEN 


760 


RUTA 


Rtjbus  Trivialis,  see  Rubus  caesius  —  r.  Vil- 
losus,  see  Rubus  fruticosus  —  r.  Vulgaris,  R.  fru- 
ticosus. 

RUCTAMEN,  Eructation. 

RUCTATIO,  Eructation. 

RUCTUATIO,  Eructation. 

RUCTUOSITAS,  see  Eructation. 

RUCTUS,  Eructation — r.  Acidus,  Oxyregmia 
— r.  Nidorosus,  Cnissoregmia. 

RUDDLE,  HARD,  Rubrica  fabrilis. 

RUDOLPHIA  FRONDOSA,  Butea  frondosa. 

RUE,  Ruta — r.  Common,  Ruta — r.  de  Chevre, 
Galega  officinalis — r.  Goat's,  Galega  officinalis — 
r.  Goat's,  Virginia,  Galega  Virginiana  —  r.  Mea- 
dow, Thalictron  —  r.  des  3Iuraillea,  Asplenium 
ruta  muraria  —  r.  dea  Pres,  Thalictron  —  r.  Sau- 
vage,  Ruta. 

RUFT,  Eructation. 

RUGA,  Wrinkle. 

BUGINE,  Raspatorium. 

liUGISSEMENT,  Rugitus. 

RUGI'TUS,  Brycheth'mos,  from  rxigire,  rvgi- 
tiim,  '  to  roar.'  (F.)  Hugissement.  A  Latin  word, 
which  ordinarily  expresses  the  roaring  of  the  lion: 
and  which  is  used,  by  some  medical  writers,  to 
designate  a  particular  species  of  borborygmus 
compared  to  it. 

RUGOSE,  Wrinkled. 

RUGOUS,  Wrinkled. 

RUM,  Tafia,  Molas'ses  Spirit.  A  spirit  dis- 
tilled from  sugar,  or  molasses.     See  Spirit. 

RUMA,  Mamma. 

RUMEN,  Hypogastrium. 

RUMEX  ACETO'SA,  B.  tuhero'sus  seu  inter- 
me'dius,  Lap'athum  pratense,  Common  Sorrel, 
Ox'alis  Aceto'sa,  Aeetosa  vulga'ris  seu  praten'sis, 
Anax'yris,  A.  arven'sis,  Sorrel,  Sour  doch,  Aee- 
tosa nostras,  (F.)  Oseille.  Family,  Polygonese. 
Sex.  Syst.  Hexandria  Trigynia.  The  leaves  are 
sour,  and  are  used  in  cookery,  and  also  as  a  re- 
frigerant. 

RuMEX  Acu'tus;  Sharp-pointed  Wild  doch, 
Oxylap' athum,  Lap'athum,  L.  sylves'tre  seu  acu'- 
tiim,  Jiumex,  B.  paludo'sus  seu  piiail'lus,  Lap'a- 
thos,  (F.)  Patience  sauvage.  The  decoction  of 
the  root  has  long  been  used  in  cutaneous  affec- 
tions. It  is,  sometimes,  employed  for  the  cure 
of  the  itch. 

RuMEX  ^TNENSis,  R.  scutatus. 

RuMEX  Alpi'nus,  Aceto'sa  Alpi'na.  The  sys- 
tematic name  of  the  plant  that  affords  the  Monk's 
Bhubarh,  (F.)  Bhabarbe  des  Moinea.  See  Rumex 
patientia. 

RuMEX  Aquaticus,  Rumex  hydrolapathum  — 
r.  Britannica,  Rumex  hydrolapathum  —  r.  Con- 
ftrtus,  R.  patientia — r.  Digynus,  Oxyria  reniformis 
— r.  Glaucus,  R.  scutatus — r.  Hastatus,  R.  scuta- 
tus— r.  Hastifolius,  R.  scutatus. 

Rumex  Hydrolap'athum,  Water-Bock,  Hy- 
drolapathum, Bumex  aquat'icus,  Herha  Britan'- 
nica,  Bumex  Britan'nica,  Lap' athum  aquat'icum, 
(F.)  Parelle,  Patience  d'eau.  The  leaves  of  this 
plant  are  subacid,  and  said  to  be  laxative.  The 
r6ot  has  been  used  as  a  tonic,  astringent,  and 
antiscorbutic.  It  has  also  been  employed  exter- 
nally in  some  cutaneous  affections. 
Rumex  Intermedius,  R.  aeetosa. 
Rumex  Obtusifo'lius,  Lap'athum  sylvestre. 
Blunt-leaved  Bock.  The  root  of  this,  as  well  as 
of  B.  crispus,  has  similar  virtues  to  that  of  the 
other  species. 

Rumex  Oxyotus,  R.  scutatus  —  r.  Paludosus, 
R.  acutus. 

RujrEX  Patien'tia,  B.  confer'tus,  Lajy'athum 
horien'se,  Bliabar'barum  monacho'rum,  Illppolnp'- 
tithum,  Patien'tia,  Garden  Patience,  Honk's  Bhu- 
hitrb,  (F. )  Patience.  This  root,  which  is  sup- 
f  <ised  to  jossess  the  virtues  of  rhubarb,  but  in  an 


inferior  degree,  is,  according  to  Linnaeus,  obtainec» 
from  the  Bumex  patientia;  according  to  Murray, 
from  the  Bumex  alpi'nus. 

Rumex  Pusillus,  R.  acutus. 

Rumex  Sanguin'eus.  The  root  of  the  bloody 
dock  has  an  austere  and  astringent  taste ;  and 
has  been  employed  in  dysentery.  It  is  called, 
also,  Lap'athum  sanguin'eum,  (F.)  Oseille  ou  Pa- 
tience Bouge,  Sangdragon. 

Rumex  Scuta'tus,  B.  glaucus  seu  hastifo'lins 
seu  ^tnen'sis  seu  oxyotus  seu  hasta'tus,  French 
Sorrel,  Aceto'sa  rotundifo'lia  seu  Boma'na  seu 
Botundifolia  horten'sis  seu  scuta' ta,  Lap'athum 
scuta'tum  seu  rotundifo'lia,  Boman  or  Garden 
Sorrel,  (jtreen  Sauce,  (F.)  Oseille  boucher,  Oseilln 
ronde.  Petite  0.  Virtues  the  same  as  those  of 
the  common  sorrel. 

Rumex  Tuberosus,  R.  aeetosa. 

PtUMINA'TION,  Bumina'fio,  from  ruma  or 
rumen,  'the  gullet.'  Merycis'mus.  A  function 
peculiar  to  ruminating  animals,  by  which  they 
chew  a  second  time  the  food  they  have  swal 
lowed.  An  analogous  phenomenon  is  sometime? 
seen  in  man. 

RUMP,  Croupion — r.  Bone,  Coccyx. 

RUNCINA,  Raspatorium. 

RUNCINULA,  Raspatorium, 

RUNNET,  Rennet. 

RUNNING,  Cursus,  (F.)  Course.  A  succession 
of  leaps,  executed  with  rapidity,  to  transport  th» 
body  quickly  from  one  place  to  another. 

RUNUNCULA,  Raspatorium. 

RUPES,  Lips  of  the  Vulva. 

RU'PIA,  Ulcus  aton'icum,  Ecphly'sis  Bhy'pia, 
Bhypa'ria,  from  pvrrof,  'filth.'  An  eruption  of 
large  flattish  blebs,  which  contain  a  fluid — at  first 
serous,  afterwards  puriform,  and  often  bloody, 
which  rapidly  concretes  into  crusts,  at  the  base 
of  which  are  ulcers  of  variable  depths. 

It  requires  the  use  of  tonics  internally,  and  of 
stimulating  ointments  externally. 

RUPTIBILITAS,  Fragilitas. 

RUPTIO,  Rhexis. 

RUPTORIUM,  Cauterium— r.  Commune,  Po- 
tassa  fusa. 

RUPTURA,  Ecrexis,  Hernia,  Laceration, 
Rhexis — r.  Cornese,  Ceratorrhexis — r.  Herniosa, 
Hernia — r.  Ovarii,  Oariorrhexis — r.  Uteri,  Uterus, 
rupture  of  the  —  r.  Vaginse,  Colporrhexis. 

RUPTURE,  Hernia,  Rhexis  — »•.  du  Goeur, 
Cardiorrhexis  —  r.  of  the  Groin,  Bubonocele — r. 
de  la  Matrice,  Uterus,  rupture  of  the  —  r.  Wort, 
Herniaria  glabra. 

RUPTURED,  see  Hernial. 

RUSCUS,  B.  aculea'tus,  Bruscus,  Oxymyr'~ 
rhine,  Oxymyr'sine,  3/yrtacan  'tha,  Catan  'gelos, 
Myacan'tha,  Sco'pia  re'gia.  Wild  Myrtle,  Centro- 
myrine,  Butcher's  Broom,  (F.)  Petit  houx,  Fragon. 
Family,  Smilacese.  Sex.  Syst.  Dioecia  Monadel- 
phia.  The  root  has  been  recommended  as  an 
aperient  and  diuretic. 

Ruscus  AcuLEATUs,  Ruscus. 

Ruscus  Hypoglos'sum  ;  Uvula'ria,  Hypoglos- 
sum,  Bislin'gua,  Bonifa'cia,  Laurua  Alexandn' na 
angustifo'lia,  (F.)  Laurier  Alexandrin.  Formerly 
used  against  relaxed  uvula. 

RUSH,  SWEET,  Acorus  calamus,  Juncus  odo- 
ratus. 

RUSMA,  see  Orpiraent. 

RUSPINI'S  STYPTIC,  see  Styptic,  Ruspini's. 

Ruspi'ni's  Tincture  for  the  Teeth.  An  em- 
pirical preparation,  composed  of  Florentine  orria 
Sviij,  cloves  ^j,  rectified  spirit  Oij,  ambergris  Qj. 

RUT,  Heat. 

RUTA,  Buta  graveolena  seu  horten'sis  seu  al'- 
tera,  Connnon  Bue,  Peg'anum,  Besa'sa,  (F.)  Bue, 
Bhne,  Bue  sauvage.  Family,  Rutaeew.  Sex. 
Syst.   Decandria  Monogynia.    .The  plant  has  4 


EUTABULUM 


761 


SACCHARUM 


strong,  ungrateful  odour,  and  bitter  pungent 
taste.  It  is  acrid,  so  as  to  blister  the  skin.  Its 
properties  are  reputed  to  be  tonic,  stimulant,  an- 
tispasmodic, and  emmenagogue.  Dose,  gr.  xv 
to  9ij. 

Oleum  EutcB,  distilled  Oil  of  Bue,  is  antispas- 
modic ;  and,  externally,  rubefacient.  Dose,  gtt. 
ij  to  vj. 

RuTA  Altera,  Ruta — r.  Capraria,  Galega  ofiS- 
cinalis — r.  Graveolens,  Ruta — r.  Hortensis,  Ruta 
—  r.  Muraria,  Asplenium  ruta  muraria, 

RUTABULUM,  Penis. 

RUTA'CEUM,  from  JRuta,  'rue,'  Vinegar  of 
rue. 

RUTIDOMA,  see  Rutidosis. 

RUTIDO'SIS,  Bytido'sis,  Bhytido'sis,  from 
fUTtSoot,  '  I  wrinkle.'     The  act  of  wrinkling ;  as 


Butido'ma  means  a  shrivelled  or  wrinkled  body, 
A  destrugtion  or  atrophy  of  the  eye.  Corruga- 
tion and  subsidence  of  the  cornea. 

RUYSCHIA'NA  TU'NICA,  (F.)  Lame  oil 
Memhrane  Buyschienne.  According  to  Ruysch, 
and  the  greater  part  of  his  disciples,  the  choroid 
coat  of  the  eye  is  formed  of  two  laminae.  His 
son  gave  to  the  inner  the  name  Tunica  BuyscM- 
a'na  or  Memhra'na  Buyschia'na  seu  Biiysch'ii. 

Tu'nica  Oellulo'sa  Buyschia'na  is  the  areolar 
substance  under  the  peritoneal  covering  of  the 
stomach.  It  is  not  numbered  among  the  coats 
of  that  organ. 

RYE,  Secale  —  r.  Horned,  Ergot  —  r.  Sparred, 
Ergot. 

RYTIDOSIS,  Rutidosis. 

RYTIS,  Wrinkle. 


s. 


S.  A.  &c.,  see  Abbreviation. 

SABADILLA,  Veratrum  sabadilla,  see  Vera- 
trina. 

SABADILLIN,  see  Veratrina. 

SABATILLA,  Veratrum  sabadilla. 

SABBATIA,  Chironia  angularis — s.  Angularis, 
Chironia  angularis. 

SABINA,  Juniperus  sabina. 

SABINE,  Juniperus  sabina. 

SABLE,  Ifaculo'sus,  '  sanded.'  Having  the 
appearance  as  if  strewed  with  sand.  The  terms 
sable  and  piquetS  are  sometimes  applied  to  the 
brain,  when  a  slice  of  it  exhibits  red  points  as  if 
it  had  been  strewed  with  red  sand.  Such  is  the 
case  in  cerebral  hyperasmia. 

SABOT  BE  v£NUS  J  AVNE,  Cypripedium 
luteum. 

SABUCUS,  Sambueus. 

SAB'ULOUS,  Sabulo'sus,  Areno'sus,  Psammo'- 
des.     The  sandy  deposit  often  seen  in  the  urine. 

SABULUM  CONARII,  see  Pineal  gland. 

SABURA,  Saburra. 

SABUR'RA,  Sabu'ra,  Sordes.  This  word  sig- 
nifies, by  derivation,  coarse  sand,  or  ballast.  In 
its  common  acceptation,  it  means  foulness  of  the 
stomach,  as  it  is  sometimes  called ; — vitiated  mat- 
ters supposed  to  be  retained  and  accumulated  in 
the  stomach — the  result  of  imperfect  digestion — 
and  which  have  been  sometimes  considered  as  a 
morbid  product  of  the  mucous  secretion  of  that 
organ,  or  of  the  biliary  secretion ;  at  others,  as  a 
residuum  from  alimentary  substances  badly  di- 
gested. The  Sahurral  state,  Collu'vies  gas'trica, 
Grudita'tes  ventric' idi,  Gastris'mus,  (P.)  Embarras 
gastrique,  Etat  saburrcd,  is  an  accumulation  of 
saburrae,  (P.)  Saburres gastriques,  in  the  stomach, 
which  the  Humourists  considered  to  be  the  cause 
of  a  number  of  diseases. 

Saburra  Verminosa,  Helminthiasis. 

SABURRATIO,  Arenatio. 

SABURRES  GASTBIQUES,  see  Saburra. 

SAC  HERNTAIEE,  Hernial  sac. 

SACCATUS,  Encysted. 

SACCHAR,  Saccharum. 

SACCHARINA,  SaceharoUs. 

SACCHABOLES  (¥.),  Sacchari'na,  from  sac- 
cJiarum,  '  sugar.'  A  name  given  by  MM.  Henry 
and  Guibourt  to  medicines  which  have  sugar  or 
honey  for  excipient,  or  for  predominant  principle. 
M.  Beral  so  calls  an  exact  mixture  of  pulverized 
sugar  with  other  substances  also  in  powder,  but 
in  less  quantity. 


SACC'KAB.OM''ET'EB.,{F.)Saccharomhi-e,Plse- 
sirop,  from  saccharum,  '  sugar,'  and  fierpov,  '  mea- 
sure.' A  hydrometer  adapted  for  determining  the 
density  of  syrups. 

SACCHAROMYCES,  Torula  cerevisite. 

SACCHARORRHCEA,  Glycyrrhoea  —  s.  Cuta- 
nea, Sudor  dulcis. 

Saccharorrhce'a  Lac'tea,  Galactorrhoe'a  sae- 
chara'ta.     A  secretion  of  unusually  sweet  milk. 

Saccharorrhcea  Pulmona'lis,  Sputum  duke 
seu  sacchara'tum.  The  copious  expectoration  of 
unusually  sweet  matter  from  the  lungs. 

Saccharorrhcea  Urinosa,  Diabetes  mellitus. 

SACCHARUM,  Sacchar.  Prom  Arabic,  or 
rather  Sanscrit,  Sa-kar,  'white  earth;'  Suchar, 
Succhar,  Sutter,  Zuchar,  Zu'caro,  As'sakur,  Ti- 
gala,  Zac'charum,  Zozar,  Zu'charum,  Zuc'carvm, 
Zuchra,  Mel  arundina' cextm,  Sugar,  (F.)  Sucre, 
The  produce  of  the  juice  of  the  Sac'charmn  offi,- 
cina'rum  vel  officinale  of  Linnaeus,  Cal'amus  lu'- 
dicus,  Cal'amus  Sacchari'nus,  Sugar  Cane,  (F.) 
Canne  d  Sucre,  Cannamelle ;  Arun'do  saccha- 
rif'era  of  Sloane.  Family,  Graminete.  Sex. 
Syst.  Triandria  Digynia)  and  also  of  the  beet, 
maple,  <fcc. 

True  Sugars  are  those  with  which  alcoholio 
fermentation  may  he  effected,  by  the  addition  of 
yeast  and  water.     They  are : — 

Species.  Varieties. 

^  f  Hard  sugar  of  the  cane,  maple,  beet, 

I      chestnut,  &c. 

„  f  Liquid  sugar,  sugair  of  malt,  of  the 

(      sweet  potato,  molasses,  honey,  <fee. 

„  f  Hard  sugar  of  the  grape,  ripe  fruits, 

\      starch,  diabetes,  &c. 

4 Hard  sugar  of  the  mushroom. 

Imperfect  sugars  are  those  in  which  alcoholio 
fermentation  cannot  be  effected  by  means  of  yeast 
and  water. 
Species.  Varieties. 

1 Manna. 

2 Sugar  of  Milk. 

3.. Sugar  of  jelly  or  glue. 

4 Liquorice. 

5 Picromel. 

Sugar  is  prepared  from  the  expressed  juice  o* 
the  sugar-cane,  boiled  with  the  addition  of  quick- 
lime or  common  vegetable  alkali.  It  is  used,  ic 
pharmacy,  for  the  preparation  of  syrups,  con- 
serves, lozenges,  &c.  It  is  very  nutritious,  and 
is  employed  as  an  aliment,  and  as  a  demulcejj* 


SACCHARURE 


762 


SACROCOCCYGEAL 


and  antiseptic.  Dissolved  in  small  quantities  in 
water,  as  in  tea,  it  is  apt  to  disagree  with  dys- 
peptics ;  an  evil  which  does  not  always  occur 
when  the  same  substance  is  taken  more  largely. 

Saccharum  Acer'nuji,  S.  Canaden'se,  Maple 
Sugar,  is  often  used  as  a  demulcent. 

Sac'charum  Album,  S.  puriJica'Unn,  SaccTia- 
rmn  (Ph.  U.  S.),  White  Sugar,  Eefi'necl  Sugar, 
Sal  Indus,  is  the  Loaf  Sugar.  Bouhle-rejined 
Sugar  has  been  called  Taharzet. 

Saccharum  Can'didum,  S.  candum  sen  cantum 
sou  canthum,  AVplienic,  Nahot,  Sugar  candy,  (F.) 
Sucre  Candi,  is  the  crystallized  juice  of  the  cane. 

Saccharum  Candum,  S.  Candidum — s.  Cantum, 
S.  Candidum  —  s.  Canthum,  S.  Candidum  —  s. 
Commune,  Saccharum  non-purificatum. 

Saccharum  Hordea'tum,  Barley  Sugar,  Pe- 
nides,  Penid'ium,  Sac'charum  penul'ium,  is  a  va- 
riety of  sugar  candy. 

Saccharum  Lactis,  Sugar  of  milk. 

Saccharum  Non-Purifica'tum,  ITmcova'do, 
raw  or  brown  or  vnoist  sugar,  is  the  S.  commu'ne, 

5.  rubrum,  3Iel  canna,  or  coarse  sugar. 
Saccharum  Officinarum,  see  Saccharum  —  s. 

Penidium,  Hordeatum  —  s.  Rosaceum,  Confectio 
rosse  gallica3 — s.  Saturni,  Plumbi  superaeetas. 

SA  COHAR  URE,  from  saccharum,  '  sugar.'  A 
medicine  resulting  from  the  intimate  union  of 
Bugar  with  the  medicinal  principles  of  alcohol  or 
ethereal  tinctures. — Beral. 

SACCULATED,  Encysted. 

SACCULATUS,  Encysted. 

SACCULI  ADIPOSI,  Fatty  vesicles— s.  Cha- 
licophori,  see  Lacunae  of  Bone — s.  Laryngei,  Ven- 
tricles of  the  larynx. 

Sac'culi  Medicina'les.  Bags  containing  me- 
dicinal substances. 

Sacculi  Medullares,  see  Medullary  mem- 
brane. 

SAC'CULUS,  diminutive  of  saccus,  'a  little 
eac'  This  name  has  been  given  to  two  sacs 
formed  by  the  membranous  vestibule,  which  open 
into  each  other,  and  contain  the  otolithes  and 
otoconies :  one  of  these  is  termed  the  sacculus 
vestib'idi,  the  other  sacculus.  See  Semicircular 
canals. 

Sacculus,  Marsupion  —  s.  Cephalicus,  Cucu- 
pha — s.  Chylifer  seu  rorifer,  Receptaculum  chyli 
— s.  Cordis,  Pericardium — s.  Ellipticus,  see  Semi- 
circular canals. 

Sac'culus  Laryn'gis.  a  eaeeal  pouch,  of 
variable  size,  formed  by  the  mucous  membrane 
in  the  ventricles  of  the  larynx. — Hilton. 

Sacculus  Medicinalis,   Pulvinar  medicatum 

—  s.  Sphericus,  see  Semicircular  canals  —  s.  Ves- 
tibuli.  Semicircular  canals. 

SACCUS,  Sac  —  s.  Coli,  Csecum  —  s.  Cordis, 
Pericardium — s.  Herniosus,  Hernial  sac — s.  Epi- 
ploicus.  Epiploon — s.  Intestini  crassi.  Caecum  — 

6.  Lacrymalis,  Lachrymal  sac  —  s.  Lacrumalis, 
Lachrymal  sac  —  s.  Lacteus,  Receptaculum  chyli 

—  s.  Mucosus,  see  Bursae  mucosae  —  s.  Pleura;, 
Pleura — s.  Venarum  cavarum.  Sinus  dexter  cordis 
— s.  Venarum  pulmonalium,  Sisns  pulmonalis. 

SACER,  Sacral  —  s.  Ignis,  Herpes  zoster  —  s. 
Morbus,  Epilepsy  —  s.  Musculus,  Transversalis 
dorsi. 

SACERDOTIS  PENIS,  Arum  maculatum. 

SACHET  (F.),  Sac'culus,  'a  bag.'  A  small 
bag  containing  perfumes  to  be  placed  among 
clothes  to  communicate  to  them  an  agreeable 
odour.  The  following  is  a  formula  for  tlie  pow- 
der they  contain.  Powde'^ed  cloves  and  powdered 
cassia,  each  one  oun'*.'  ,  powdered  orris  root,  an 
ounce  and  a  half;  poiedcred  yellow  snndul  icood, 
one  drachm  ;  oito  of  roses,  twenty-four  drops  ;  oil 
of  lavender,  oil  of  herganiot,  each  one  drachm; 
musk,  six  grains.    A  scent-bag. 


SACK.  A  wine  used  by  our  ancestors ;  Vin  see. 
Probably  Sherry. 

Sajk,  Saccus,  Secluao' rium  ;  Sax.  J'ac.  A  bag 
or  po  jch. 

Sack,  Her'nial,  Saceus  hernio'sus,  (F.)  S'lf 
herniaire.  An  envelope  or  pouch,  formed  by  the 
serous  membrane  of  the  cavity,  whence  a  viscus 
has  escaped.  We  distingiiish,  in  a  hernial  sac, 
its  orifice  or  the  opening  by  which  it  communi- 
cates with  the  great  cavity  lined  by  the  serous 
membrane :  its  cervix  or  neck,  (F.)  Collet,  the 
narrow  portion  on  the  outside  of  the  orifice, 
where  strangulation  sometimes  occurs  :  the  body, 
(F.)  Corps,  which  is  the  round  prominent  part; 
and  the  fundus  or  bottom, —  the  part  opposite  to 
the  orifice. 

Sack  Posset;  from  sacli,  'the  wing,'  and  pos- 
set. A  posset  made  of  sack,  milk  and  other  in- 
gredients. 

Sack,  Serous.  The  shut  cavity  formed  by 
any  serous  membrane,  as  by  the  pleura  or  perito- 
neum. 

SACRAD,  see  Sacral. 

SACRA  FISTULA,  Vertebral  column. 

SACRAL,  Sacer,  (F.)  Sacre.  That  which  be- 
longs or  relates  to  the  sacrum.  A  name  given  to 
several  parts. 

Sacral  Arteries  are  distinguished  into  1. 
The  anterior  or  middle  sacral.  Median  Artery  of 
the  Sacrum  -of  Chaussier,  which  arises  from  the 
posterior  part  of  the  abdominal  aorta,  in  front  of 
the  4th  lumbar  vertebra.  It  descends,  in  a  ser- 
pentine manner,  upon  the  sacro-vertebral  articu- 
lation, and  on  the  anterior  surface  of  the  sacrum. 
It  furnishes  many  lateral  branches,  which  unite 
with  the  lateral  sacral  arteries,  and  enter  the  an- 
terior sacral  foramina,  to  be  distributed  to  the 
membranes  of  the  marrow,  &c.  2.  The  lateral 
sacral  arteries,  which  are  two  in  number;  one  on 
each  side.  They  arise  from  the  hypogastric,  from 
the  ilio-lumbar,  or  from  the  gluteal;  and  descend 
before  the  anterior  sacral  foramina,  anastomosing 
in  an  arched  manner,  towards  the  coccyx,  with 
the  middle  sacral.  They  give  off  external  and 
jwsterior  branches,  which  enter  the  sacral  fora- 
mina ;  and  internal  branches,  which  are  distri- 
buted to  the  pyramidalis,  sacrum,  <tc. 

Sacral  Aspect.  An  aspect  towards  the  region 
where  the  sacrum  is  situated. — Barclay.  Sacrad 
is  used  by  the  same  writer  adverbially  to  signify 
'towards  the  sacral  aspect.' 

Sacral  Extremities.     The  lower  limbs. 

Sacral  Grooves,  (F.)  Gouttieres  sacrees.  Two 
longitudinal  excavations,  slightly  marked,  at  the 
posterior  surface  of  the  sacrum  ;  which  appear  to 
terminate  the  vertebral  grooves  or  gutters. 

Sacral  Nerves,  (F.)  Nerfs  sacres,  are  gene- 
rally six  in  number.  They  arise  from  the  termi- 
nation of  the  spinal  marrow.  The  first,  united 
with  the  great  cord  which  descends  from  the 
lumbar  plexus,  concurs  with  the  three  others  in 
the  formation  of  the  sacral  or  sciatic  plexus.  The 
third  and  fourth,  with  branches  of  the  great 
sympathetic,  form  the  hypogastric  plexus.  The 
fifth  and  sixth  {coceyge'al  nerve)  are  distributed 
to  the  ischio-coccygeus  muscle,  and  to  the  sphinc- 
ter and  levator  ani. 

Sacral  Plexus,  Sciat'ic  plexus,  —  the  sacral 
portion  of  the  crural  plexus  of  Chaussier,  con- 
stituted as  just  mentioned,  is  situate  in  front  of 
the  pyramidalis.  It  gives  off,  backwards,  two 
branches,  called  the  pndic,  (F.)  honteux,  and  the 
lesser  sciatic.  It  terminates  in  the  great  sciatic 
nerve.       ^ 

SA  CRE.  Sacral. 

SACROCOCCYGE'AL,  Sacro-coccigem.  Re- 
lating to  the  sacrum  and  coccyx. 

Sacrococcyge'al   Articula'tion  is  that  of 


SACEOCOSTALIS 


763 


SACRUM 


the  lower  extremity  of  the  sacrum  with  the  su- 
perior facette  of  the  coccyx.  It  is  closed  by  two 
ligaments;  —  an  anterior  and  a  posterior  sacro- 
coccygeal, 

SACROCOSTALIS,  Sacro-lumbalis— s.  Fimo- 
ral,  GrlutEeus  ma] or. 

SACROCOXAL'GIA,  from  sacrum,  'the  os 
sacrum,'  coxa,  'the  hip,'  and  aXyog,  'pain;'  a 
hybrid  term.  Some  authors  have  called  thus  a 
rheumatic  aflfection  of  the  sacro-iliae  symphysis. 

SACROiL'IAC,  Sacro-ili'acus.  That  which 
relates  to  the  sacrum  and  ilium. 

Sacroiliac  Articula'tiox,  Sym'physis,  or 
Synchondro'sis,  Ilio-sacral  articula' tion,  sym- 
physis or  synchondrosis,  is  the  union  of  two  sur- 
faces; —  two  inclined  planes,  broader  above  than 
below ;  one  formed  by  the  sacrum,  the  other  by 
the  ilium.  Both  surfaces  are  incrusted  by  an 
articular  cartilage.  The  bands  which  strengthen 
them  are  the  two  saero-sciatic  ligaments,  the 
sacrospinal,  a  sncro-iliac  ligament,  and  some  ir- 
regular fibres.  The  sacro-iliac  ligament  is  a  very 
thick  assemblage  of  short,  dense,  irregular  fibres, 
occupying  the  space  which  the  sacrum  and  ilium 
leave  between  them,  behind  their  articular  sur- 
face. Some  authors  have  termed  some  irregular 
fibres,  situate  in  front  of  the  sacro-iliae  articula- 
tion, anterior  sacro-iliac  ligaments,  in  opposition 
to  the  preceding  fasciae,  which  they  call  posterior 
sacro-iliac. 

SACROISCHIATICUS,  Sacro-sciatic. 

SA OR OL 0MB AIRE,  Sacro-lumbalis. 

SACROLUMBAR,  Saero-lumba'lis,  Sacro-lom- 
haire.  That  which  belongs  to  the  sacrum  and 
loins. 

SacrolumbAR,  Sacro-lumha'Us,  Sacro-lumha' - 
ris  3Inscle,  Sacro-costa'lis,  Dorso-trache'lian  por- 
tion of  the  Sacrospinal  of  Cha,uss\er,  (F.)  Lomho- 
costo-trachilien,  Sacro-Lombaire,  is  seated  at  the 
posterior  part  of  the  trunk  ;  is  thick  and  triangu- 
lar below  ;  flat  and  thin  in  the  remainder,  and 
terminates  in  a  point  at  its  upper  extremity.  It 
is  attached  to  the  posterior  surface  of  the  sacrum; 
to  the  corresponding  portion  of  the  crista  ilii;  to 
the  extremities  of  the  transverse  processes  of  the 
lumbar  vertebra3 ;  to  the  angles  of  the  eleven  in- 
ferior ribs;  to  the  tuberosity  of  the  first,  and  the 
posterior  tubercle  of  the  transverse  processes  of 
the  last  five  cervical  vertebrte.  The  sacro-lum- 
balis straightens  the  vertebral  column  when  bent 
forwards,  and  maintains  it  straight.  By  means 
of  its  insertion  into  the  ribs,  it  can  elevate  or  de- 
press these  bones,  according  as  it  contracts  from 
above  to  below,  or  from  below  to  above.  It  acts, 
consequently,  sometimes  as  an  inspiratory,  at 
others  as  an  expiratory  muscle. 

From  six  or  eight  of  the  lower  ribs  arises  an 
equal  number  of  fleshy  portions,  which  terminate 
at  the  inner  side  of  this  muscle,  and  are  called 
Jhts'culi  Accessor'ii  vel  Additamen'tvm  ad  Sacro- 
lumba'lem,  (F.)  Accessoires  du  Sacro-lombaire, 

From  the  upper  part  of  the  sacro-lumbalis,  a 
fleshy  slip,  called  Cervica'lis  descen'dens,  Oervi- 
calis  descendens  Diemerbroeeh'ii,  Transversa' lis 
collatera'lis  colli,  Aecesso'riua  ad  Sacro-lumba- 
lem,  (F.)  Transversaire  grele,  runs  up,  to  be  fixed 
to  the  transverse  processes  of  the  fourth,  fifth, 
and  sixth  cervical  vertebrae,  by  three  distinct 
tendons.  These  last  parts,  though  separated  by 
some  anatomists,  belong  to  the  sacro-lumbalis. 

SACROSCIAT'IC,  Sacro-isehiat' icua.  That 
which  belongs  to  the  sacrum  and  ischium. 

Sacrosciatio  Ligaments  are  two  ligaments, 
which  assist  in  securing  the  sacro-iliae  articula- 
tion. The  great  or  posterior  sacro-sciatic  liga- 
ment extends  from  the  crista  ilii  and  the  sides 
of  the  sacrum  and  coccyx  to  the  tuberosity  of  the 
ischium.     The  less  or  anterior  sacrosciatio  liga- 


ment arises  from  the  same  point,  and  terminates 
in  the  spine  of  the  ischium. 

SACROSPINAL,  Dorso-trachelian  portion  of 
the  sacro-lumbalis. 

SACROSPINA'LIS.  That  which  relates  to 
the  sacrum  and  spine.  Under  this  name,  Chaus- 
sier  describes  the  sacro-lumbalis,  longissimus 
dorsi,  transversalis,  transverso-spinalis,  and  in- 
tertransversalis.  He  divides  it  into  three  por- 
tions. ^ 

SA  OR  OTRO  GHANTERIEN,  Pyramidalis. 

SACROVERT'EBRAL,  Sacro-vertebra'Hs. 
That  which  relates  to  the  sacrum  and  the  ver- 
tebras. 

Sacrovertebral  Articulation  is  the  junc- 
tion of  the  last  vertebrse  of  the  loins  with  the 
sacrum.  The  angle  which  these  two  bones  form 
at  the  anterior  part  has  been  called  the  Prom'on- 
tory  of  the  Sacrum,  or  the  Sacro-vertebral  Angle. 

Sacrovertebral  Ligament  is  a  strong  liga- 
ment, which  passes  from  the  anterior  part  of  each 
of  the  transverse  processes  of  the  last  lumbar 
vertebra  to  be  attached  to  the  base  of  the  sacrum. 
Its  use  is  to  maintain  the  articulation  of  those 
two  bones  in  situ. 

SACRUM,  Os  sacrum,  Os  basila're,  Os  Alagas, 
Os  latum,  Os  clun'ium,  Ver'tebra  magna,  Alba- 
giazi,  Hi'eron  ost'eon,  Clunisy  Subver'tebra,  Suh- 
ver'tebrum,  Vet'ula;  from  sacer,  'sacred;'  be- 
cause it  contributes  to  protect  the  genital  organs, 
which  were  considered  sacred,  or  because  it  was 
offered  in  sacrifice.  The  bone,  which  forms  the 
posterior  part  of  the  pelvis,  and  is  a  continuation 
of  the  vertebral  column.  The  sacrum  is  symme- 
trical and  triangular,  situate  at  the  posterior  part 
of  the  pelvis,  and  concave  anteriorly.  It  has, — 
1.  A  pelvic  or  anterior  surface,  which  corresponds 
to  the  pelvic  cavity,  and  has  four  transverse  fur- 
rows, that  point  out  the  parts  where  the  primitive 
portions  of  the  bone  were  separated  from  each 
other.  On  each  side  there  are  four  foramina, 
called  anterior  sacral;  these  are  oblique,  and 
decrease  in  size,  from  above  downwards.  Through 
these  pass  the  anterior  branches  of  the  sacral 
nerves.  2.  A  spinal  or  p/osterior  surface,  which 
is  convex,  rough,  and  covered  by  muscles.  Upon 
the  median  line  are  four  horizontal,  tubercular 
eminences,  forming  a  continuation  of  the  spinous 
processes  of  the  vertebrae  ;  and  below,  a  triangu- 
lar notch,  where  the  sacral  canal  terminates.  On 
each  side  of  the  surface  are  four  foramina,  called 
posterior  sacral,  which  are  smaller  than  the  an- 
terior, and  give  passage  to  the  posterior  branches 
of  the  sacral  nerves.  3.  The  vertebral  surface  or 
base.  Its  greatest  extent  is  transversely.  It  is 
articulated  with  the  last  lumbar  vertebra.  On  it 
is  seen  the  orifice  of  the  sacral  canal,  of  a  trian- 
gular shape,  which  decreases  in  width  from  above 
downward;  terminates  the  vertebral  canal;  is 
lined  by  a  prolongation  of  the  cerebral  mem- 
branes; contains  the  fasciculi  of  the  sacral  nerves; 
communicates,  externally,  by  the  sacral  foramina; 
and  terminates  at  the  triangular  notch  on  the 
posterior  surface  of  the  bone.  At  the  sides  of  the 
upper  orifice  of  the  sacral  canal  are  two  articular 
processes,  which  receive  the  articular  processes 
of  the  last  lumbar  vertebra.  The  projection  formed 
by  the  union  of  the  base  of  the  sacrum  with  the 
last  lumbar  vertebra,  is  called  the  Prom'ontory, 
Promonto' rium  Ossis  Sacri,  Great  Angle  ../  the 
Sacrum,  or  Sacro-vertebral  Angle,  i.  A  coccygeal 
face  or  apex,  (F.)  Face  eoccygienne  ou  Sommn, 
which  is  very  narrow,  and  is  articulated  with  tho 
coccyx.  5.  Two  lateral  margins,  which  have, 
above,  a  broad,  oblique  surface,  articulated  with 
the  ilium. 

The  sacrum  is  developed  by  30  to  36  points  ol 
ossification. 


SADDLE 


764 


SAINT  PARDAUX 


SADDLE,  TURKISH,  Sella  Turcica, 
S^PES,  Sepes. 

SAFFLOW,  Carthamus  tinctorius. 
SAFFLOWER,  Carthamus  tinctorms. 
SAFFRON,   Crocus  —  s.  Bastard,    Carthamus 
tinctorius  —  s.  Dyers',  Carthamus  tinctorius  —  s. 
Flower,  Carthamus  tinctorius — s.  Meadow,  Col- 
chicum  autumnale. 

SAFBAN  BATARD,  Carthamus  tinctorius, 
Colchicum  autumnale  — «.  dea  Indes,  Curcuma 
longa — 8.  de  Mars  aperitif,  Ferri  subcarbonas  — 
s.  de  Mars  astringent,  Colcothar  —  s.  dea  Pres, 
Colchicum  autumnale  —  s.  Bacine  de,  Curcuma 
longa. 

SAFRANUM,  Carthamus  tinctorius. 
SAFRE,  Smalt. 
SAGA,  Sago. 

SAGAPE'NUM,  Sag'apin,  Serapi'non,  (F.) 
Gomme  seraphique.  A  gum-resin,  supposed  to 
be  obtained  from  the  Fer'ula  Per'sjaa.  Family, 
Umbelliferse.  Sex.  SyH.  Pentandria  Digynia. 
Its  odour  is  fetid  and  alliaceous;  taste  pungent, 
bitterish,  nauseous.  It  is  in  small,  agglutinated 
masses  of  a  yellow  colour ;  tenacious  ;  breaking 
with  a  horny  fracture.  It  is  a  reputed  antispas- 
modic and  emmenagogue.  Dose,  gr.  x  to  ^ss. 
SAGAPIN,  Sagapenum. 

SAGE,  Salvia — s.  Indian,  Eupatorium  perfo- 
liatum — s.  Jerusalein,  Pulmonaria — s.  Tree,  Lan- 
tana — s.  Wild,  Salvia  Africana. 
SAGE-FEMME,  Midwife.   ^ 
SAGENA,  Epiploon. 

SAG  ESSE  DES  CHIRUBGIENS,  Sisym- 
brium Sophia. 

SAGIMEN  VITRI,  Soda,  subcarbonate  of. 
SAGIT'TAL,    Sagitta'Us,    Sagitta'tus,    from 
eagitta,  '  an  arrow.' 

Sagittal  Furrow,  Sagittal  Groove,  (F.)  Goiit- 
tilre  sagittate,  is  a  channel  on  the  median  line  of 
the  inner  surface  of  the  skull-cap.  It  is  exca- 
vated in  the  os  frontis,  in  the  two  parietal  and 
occipital  bones,  and  extends  from  the  crista  galli 
to  the  internal  occipital  protuberance.  It  lodges 
the  longitudinal  sinus,  which  has  been  called  the 
sagittal  sinus. 

Sagittal  Suture,  Oleics' a  sufu'ra,  0.  Raphe, 
Sutura  Vii-ga'ta,  S.juga'lis,  S.  Rabddi'des,  BTiab- 
doi'des,  Rhabdo'des,  Rhabdo'ideus  sen  Biparieta'- 
lis.  The  suture  which  unites  the  two  parietal 
bones,  and  which  extends,  from  before  to  behind, 
on  the  median  line,  from  the  coronal  suture  to 
the  lambdoidal.  It  is  so  called,  from  sagitta,  '  an 
arrow,'  because  it  seems  to  meet  the  coronal  su- 
ture as  an  arrow  meets  the  string  of  a  bow. 

SAGITTA'RIA  VARIAB'ILIS,  Arrotchead, 
Arrotoleaf,  Wapata  of  Oregon ;  Nat.  Ord.  Alis- 
maceae  ;  esculent,  yielding  fecula  like  arrow-root. 
The  roots  are  cooling  and  sub-astringent,  and  are 
at  times  applied  to  the  feet  in  cases  of  yaws  and 
dropsical  swellings  of  the  legs.  The  leaves  are 
applied  to  the  breasts  to  dispel  milk. 

SAGITTA '  RIUM  ALEXIPHAR '  MACUM, 
Malac'ccB  radix,  Canna  In'dica,  Arim'do  Indica. 
A  root  cultivated  in  the  West  Indies,  and  sup- 
posed to  be  a  remedy  for  wounds  by  poisoned 
arrows. 

SAGITTATUS,  Sagittal. 

SAGO,  Sagus,  Saga,  Sngu,  Segtt,  Am'ylum  pal- 
ma'ceum,  (F.)  Sagou,  Sague.  A  fecula,  obtained 
from  the  pith  of  the  Sagus  rnmph'ii,  Cycas  circi- 
fia'lis,  0.  revola'ta,  &c.,  growing  in  the  Moluccas, 
Philippine  Isles,  (fee,  and  which  is  brought  to  us 
in  small  grains.  The  same  substance  is,  also, 
obtained  from  the  West  Indies,  but  it  is  inferior 
lo  that  from  the  East.  By  boiling  in  water  or 
milk,  sago  becomes  soft  and  transparent,  and 
forms  an  agreeable  and  nutritious  food  in  febrile, 


calculous,  and  other  disorders.  It  is  made  pala* 
table  by  sugar,  lemon-juice,  or  wine,  where  the 
last  is  not  contra-indicated. 

To  make  sago  into  a  proper  mucilage  for  the 
sick,  a  tablespoonful  of  it  should  be  macerated 
in  a  pint  of  water  for  two  hours,  and  then  boiled 
for  fifteen  minutes,  stirring  assiduously.  Care 
must  be  taken,  that  the  grains  are  perfectly  dis- 
solved by  long  boiling  and  constant  stirring. 

Sago  posset  is  made  by  putting  sago,  §ij,  into 
water,  Oij  ;  boiling  until  the  mucilage  is  formed: 
then  rubbing  sugar,  ^ss,  on  the  rind  of  a  lemon, 
and  putting  it  with  tincture  of  ginger,  f^j,  into 
sherry,  Oss  ;  adding  this  mixture  to  the  mucilage, 
and  boiling  for  five  minutes. — It  is  a  good  resto- 
rative. 

Sago,  French,  see  Solanum  tuberosum,  and 
Arrow-root,  common  —  s.  Portland  Island,   see 
Arum  maculatum. 
SAGOU,  Sago. 
SAGU,  Sago. 

SAGUE,  Sago  —  s.  Petit,  see  Solanum  tube- 
rosum. 

SAGUS,  Sago  —  s.  Rumphii,  see  Sago. 
SAHARA,  Insomnia. 

SAIGNEE,  Blood-letting— «.  SpoUativc,  Spo- 
liativa  phlebotomia. 

SAIGNEMENT  BU  NEZ,  Epistaxis. 
SAILORS,  DISEASES,  &c.,  OF.  Sailors,  by 
nature  of  their  occupation,  are  liable  to  many 
diseases.  Several  of  these  may,  however,  be 
warded  off  by  proper  attention  to  cleanliness  and 
ventilation. 

SAIN  BO  IS,  Daphne  gnidium  — s.  Boux, 
Adeps  prffiparatus. 

SAINT  AMAND,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Sulphuretted  waters,  in  the  department  of  Du 
Nord,  France.  They  contain  carbonic  and  sul- 
phohydric  acids.  The  Boue  or  deposit  contains 
sulphohydric  acid,  and  salts  of  iron  and  magne- 
sia.    Temperature,  64°  to  82°  Fahr. 

SAINT  AUGUSTINE,  CLIMATE  OF.  This 
sea-port  of  Florida  is  a  frequent  retreat  during 
the  winter  season  for  the  valetudinarian  from  the 
more  northern  parts  of  the  United  States.  The 
climate  is  certainly  comparatively  mild  and  equa- 
ble ;  but  it  is  liable  to  frequent  north-east  storms. 
There  are  only  a  few  days,  however,  in  winter, 
in  which  the  invalid  cannot  take  exercise  in  the 
open  air.  Tampa  Bay,  and  Pensacola,  in  Florida, 
and  Mobile,  in  Alabama,  which  are  sometimes 
visited  by  the  consumptive,  are  less  liable  to  the 
storms  in  question. 

SAINT  CHARLES'S  ROOT,  Carlo  Sancto 
(Radix). 

SAINT  CROIX,  Santa  Cruz. 
SAINT  JAMES'S  WORT,  Senecio  Jacobaea. 
SAINT  JOHN'S  DANCE,  see  Mani^  dancing 
—  St.  John's  Wort,  Hypericum  perforatum. 
SAINT  KITTS,  see  West  Indies. 
SAINT  LEONARD'S,  CLIMATE  OF.     This 
place,  which  is  situate  about  a  mile  to  the  west- 
ward of  Hastings,  in  Sussex,  England,  is  less  shel- 
tered than  it,  and  is  therefore  a  less  favourable 
retreat,  during  the  winter  months,  for  the  phthi- 
sical valetudinarian. 

SAINT  MYON,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Some  cold,  acidulous  waters  at  Saint  Mj'on,  near 
Riom,  in  the  department  of  Puy-de-Dome.  They 
contain  free  carbonic  acid,  subcarbonate  of  sod.o, 
chloride  of  sodium,  and  carbonate  and  sulphate 
of  lime. 

SAINT  NECTAIRE,  MINERAL  WATERS 
OF.  Springs  in  the  department  of  Puy-de-Dome, 
France.  Tiiej'  contain  carbonic  acid,  bicarbonate 
of  soda,  and  chloride  of  sodium.  Temperature, 
75°  to  103°  Fahr. 
SAINT    PARDAUX,   MINERAL  WATERS 


SAIXT  SAUVEUR 


r65 


SALIVA 


OF.  Chalybeate  springs  in  the  department  of 
Allier,  France.  They  contain  carbonic  acid  and 
iron. 

SAINT  SAUVEUR,  MINERAL  WATERS 
OF.  Sulphurous  waters  in  the  department  of 
Hautes-Pyren6es,  France.  Temperature,  76°  to 
93°  Fahr. 

SAINT  VINCENT'S,  see  "West  Indies. 

SAINT  VITUS'S  DANCE,  Chorea,  see  Ma- 
nia, dancing  —  s.  Vitus's  Dance  of  the  Voice, 
Balbuties. 

SAIRE,  Essera. 

SAL,  Salt — s.  Absinthii,  Potassse  subcarbonas, 
see  Potash  —  s.  Acetosellas,  Potass,  oxalate  of — 
s.  Acetosus  ammoniacalis,  Liquor  Hmmoniee  ace- 
tatis  —  s.  Acidum  benzoes,  Benjamin  —  s.  Albus, 
Soda,  muriate  of —  s.  Alembroth,  Alembroth  salt 
— s.  Alkali,  Soda,  subcarbonateof — s.  Alkalinus 
fixus  fossilis.  Soda  —  s.  Amarum,  Magnesise  sul- 
phas—  s.  Ammoniac,  volatile,  Ammoniee  carbo- 
nas  —  s.  Ammoniacum,  Ammonias  murias  —  s. 
Ammoniacum  martiale,  Ferrum  ammoniatum  — 
B.  Ammoniacum  secretum  Glauberi,  Ammonise 
sulphas  —  s.  Ammoniacum  tartareum,  Ammonias 
tartras — s.  Ammoniacum  vegetabile.  Liquor  am- 
dioniae  aeetatis  —  s.  Ammoniacus  nitrosus,  Am- 
aionia?  nitras  —  s.  Ammonise,  Ammonite  murias 

—  s.  Anglieanum,  Magnesise  sulphas  —  s.  Anti- 
epileptieus  of  "Weissman,  Cuprum  ammoniatum 

—  s.  Antimonii,  Antimonium  tartarizatum  —  s. 
Ammoniacum,  Ammonite  murias — s.  Artis,  Alem- 
broth salt — s.  Asphaltitis,  Bit  noben — s.  Cathar- 
ticus  amarus,  Magnesise  sulphas — s.  Catharticus 
Glauberi,  Soda,  sulphate  of — s.  Communis,  Soda, 
muriate  of — s.  Cornu,  cervi,  volatile.  Ammonite 
carbonas  —  s.  Culinaris,  Soda,  muriate  of — s.  Di- 
gestivus  Sylvii,  Potosste  murias  —  s.  Diureticus, 
Potassae  acetas  —  s.  de  Duobus,  Potassas  sulphas 

—  s.  Ebsdamense,  Magnesite  sulphas  —  s.  Enix- 
um.  Potassse  supersulphas — s.  Epsomensis,  Mag- 
nesise sulphas  —  s.  Essentiale  Benzoes,  Benjamin 
— s.  Febrifugus  of  Lemery,  Potassse  supersulphas 
— 3.  Febrifugus  Sylvii,  Potassse  murias — s.  Fon- 
tium.  Soda,  muriate  of — s.  Fossilis,  Soda,  muriate 
of — s.  Fijliginis,  Ammonite  carbonas — s.  Gemmae, 
Soda,  muriate  of — s.  Herbarum,  Potassse  subcar- 
bonas —  s.  Indus,  Saccharum  album  —  s.  Lixivi- 
osum,  see  Lixivium  —  s.  Lucidum,  Soda,  muriate 
of — s.  Marinus,  Soda,  muriate  of — s.  Martis, 
Ferri  sulphas  —  s.  Martis  muriaticum  sublima- 
tum,  Ferrum  ammoniatum — s.  Mirabile  perlatum. 
Soda,  phosphate  of — s.  Mirabilis  Glauberi,  Soda, 
sulphate  of — s.  Muriaticum  baroticum,  Baryta, 
muriate  of — s.  Nitrum,  Potassas  nitras  —  s.  Os- 
sium,  Ammonise  carbonas — s.  Panchrestum,  Po- 
tassse tartras — s.  Petrte,  Potasste  nitras — s.  Tar- 
tarum,  Potassse  subcarbonas — s.  Plumbi,  Plumbi 
superacetas — s.  Polychrestus,  Potasste  sulphas — 
s.  Polych»estus  Glaseri,  Potassas  sulphas  cum 
sulphure  —  s.  Polychrestum  Seignetti,  Soda,  tar- 
trate of —  s.  Prunellse,  Potasste  nitras  fusus  sul- 
phatis  paucillo  mixtus — s.  Rupellensis,  Soda,  tar- 
trate of — s.  Sapientiae,  Alembroth  salt,  Potasste 
sulphas  —  s.  'Saturni,  Plumbi  superacetas  —  s. 
Scientite,  Alembroth  salt — s.  Secretus  Glauberi, 
Ammonite  sulphas — -s.  Sedativus  Hombergi,  Bo- 
racic  acid  —  s.  Sedlieensis,  Magnesite  sulphas  — 
P.  Seignetti,  Soda,  tartrate  of — s.  Sennerti,  Po- 
tassse acetas  —  s.  Seydsehutzense,  Magnesise  sul- 
phas—  s.  Sodse,  Soda,  subcarbonate  of — s.  So- 
domenus.  Bit  noben  —  s.  Sueeini,  Succinic  acid 
— S.  Tartari,  Potassse  subcarbonas,  see  Potash — 
B.  Tartari  essentiale.  Tartaric  acid  —  s.  Tartari 
Bulphuratum.  Potasste  sulphas  —  s.  Urints,  Mi- 
crocosmicum  Sal — s.  Urinosum,  LTrea — s.  A''ege- 
tabilis,  Potasste  tartras — s.  Vitse,  Alembroth  salt 
—  s.  Vitrioli,  Zinci  sulphas  —  s.  Vitrioli  narcoti- 
cum^  Boracic  acid  —  s.  Volatile,  Ammonise  car- 


bonas, Spiritus  ammonise  aromaticus  —  s.  Vola- 
tile Benzoes,  Benjamin  —  s.  Volatile  boracis,  Bo- 
racic acid  —  s.  Volatile  oleosum  Sylvii,  Spiritu.s 
ammonise  aromaticus  —  s.  Volatile  succini.  Suc- 
cinic acid  —  s.  Volatilis  salis  ammoniaci.  Am- 
moniac carbonas  —  s.  Vomitorium  vitrioli,  Zinci 
sulphas. 

SALAAM  CONVULSION,  see  Convulsion, 
Salaam. 

SALAB.  Salep. 

SALACITAS,  Satyriasis  —  s.  Vulvae,  Nym, 
phomania. 

SALAD,  CORN,  Valeriana  dentata. 

SALAP,  Salep. 

SALCOMBE,  (CLIMATE  OF.)  A  small  place 
—  the  Montpelier  of  Huxham  —  which  is  one  o{ 
the  warmest  spots  on  the  S.  W.  coast  of  England, 
and,  therefore,  in  this  respect  adapted  for  tha 
phthisical  invalid  as  a  winter  retreat. 

SALEP,  Scdoop'  (so  pronounced.)  Salah,  Sa- 
lop. The  prepared  bulb  of  the  Orchis  mas'cida 
and  other  species  of  Orchis.  The  salep  of  Cach- 
mere  is  from  a  species  of  Euloj^h'ia.  Salep  is  in 
small,  irregular,  hard  masses.  In  its  composition 
in  relation  to  water,  it  is  closely  analogous  to 
tragacanth.  It  is  possessed  of  similar  virtues 
with  sago,  tapioca,  &c.  The  mucilage  is  prepared 
by  dissolving  the  powdered  salep  in  hot  water, 
with  assiduous  stirring,  and  adding  to  the  solu- 
tion sugar  and  milk. 

SALER'NUM,  (SCHOOL  OF.)  An  ancient 
school  of  medicine  at  Salerno  in  Italy.  It  was 
established  by  Charlemagne,  in  802  ;  and  was  the 
first  Christian  university  at  which  medicine  was 
taught.  It  was  much  celebrated,  especially  in 
the  12th  century.  The  work  on  hygiene,  "  De 
Conservanda  Valetndine,"  which  bears  its  name, 
has  passed  through  several  editions  in  various 
languages.  It  is  supposed  to  have  been  written 
by  John  of  Milan,  in  1100,  and  is  in  Leonine 
verses. 

SALICARIA,  Lythrum  salicaria. 

SALICINE,  see  Salix. 

SALICORNIA  ARABICA,  &e.,  see  Soda. 

SALINE',  Sali'nus,  Salina'cius,  Sulinac"'idiia, 
SaU'tus,  Scdsits,  Hali'nns,  Halmy'rus,  Halico'des, 
Sali'nons,  from  sal.  That  which  contains  a  salt, 
or  has  the  properties  of  a  salt. 

Saline  Draught  or  Mixture.  This  may  be 
made  as  follows  : — Potass,  carbon.  Qj,  acid,  citric. 
vel  tartar,  gr.  xv,  vel  succ.  lirnon.  recent,  ^ss, 
aqum  f^viij,  syrup,  cvjusvis  Jj.  M.  Given  in  di- 
vided doses  as  a  febrifuge. 

Saline  Effervescing  Draught  or  Mixture 
is  made  by  adding  a  due  proportion  of  either  of 
the  acids  above  mentioned,  or  of  lemon-juice,  to 
the  proper  proportion  of  the  carbonate  of  soda  or 
potassa.  About  25  grains  of  the  acid  saturate  .30 
grains  of  the  carbonate.     See  Powders,  soda. 

SALINOUS,  Saline. 

SALIS  AMMONIACI  FLORES,  Ammonise 
carbonas. 

SALITIO,  Leap. 

SALITUS,  Saline. 

SALIUM,  Saliva. 
SALIUNCA,  Valeriana  Celtiea. 
SALI'VA,  Si'alo)),  Si'elon,  Sialo'ma,  Ptysviu, 
Pty'alon,  Pty'elon,  Sa'littm,  Sputa'vien,  Sputa- 
men'tuvi,  Sputum,  Spittle.  An  inodorous,  insipid, 
transparent,  slightly  viscid  fluid ;  secreted  by  the 
parotid,  submaxillary  and  sublingual  glands,  and 
poured  into  the  mouth  by  the  ducts  of  Steno, 
Wharton  and  Rivinus  ;  the  use  of  which  is  to  mix 
with  the  alimentary  bolus,  and  to  serve  in  the 
process  of  digestion.  It  is  composed,  according 
to  Berzelius,  of  992.2  parts  of  water,  2.9  of  a  par- 
ticular animal  matter,  soluble  in  water,  and  in- 
soluble in  alcohol,  pty'alin,  princiv'ium  »ali»o'li. 


SALR^JE 


766 


SALT 


niate'rfa  siali'na,  of  1.4  of  mucus,  1.7  of  chlorides 
of  potassium  and  sodium,  0.9  of  lactate  of  soda 
aud  animal  matter,  and  0.2  of  soda. 

SALIVA  FLUXUS  CIBO  YISO,  see  Saliva- 
tion. 

SALIVATRE,  Salivary. 

SALIVAL,  Salivary. 

SALIVANS,  Sialagogue. 

SALTVANT,  Sialagogue. 

S ALIVARIS,  Salivary  —  s.  Herba,  Anthemis 
pyrethrum. 

SAL'IVAPlT,  Saliva'Hus,  Saliva'ris,  Salivo'- 
sua,  Sali'val,  Sali'vous,  from  saliva,  (F.)  Salivaire. 
That  which  belongs  to  the  saliva. 

Salivary  Calculi,  see  Calculi,  salivary. 

Salivary  Fis'tul^,  Si<dosyrin'rje8,  are  such 
as  depend  upon  an  accidental  opening  into  the  ex- 
cretory ducts  of  the  salivary  glands.  Fistulas  are 
most  commonly  met  with  in  the  duct  of  Steno. 

Salivary  Glands,  Secreting  organs  of  the 
saliva,  Salival  glands,  are  situate  symmetrically, 
to  the  number  of  four,  on  each  side  of  the  face. 
Their  form  is  very  irregular,  and  their  extent 
varies  according  to  individuals.  Their  excretory 
ducts  —  Ductus  Saliva' rii,  (F.)  Ganaux  ou  Con- 
duits scdivnires,  carry  the  saliva  directly  into  the 
mouth,  without  pouring  it  into  any  intermediate 
reservoir,  as  happens  in  the  case  of  some  of  the 
other  glands.  The  salivary  glands  have  been 
distinguished  into, — 1.  The  parotid;  2.  The  suh- 
mrtxillary  ;  3.  The  sublingual ;  and  4.  The  {ntra- 
lingual  or  lingual,  seated  at  the  inferior  surface 
of  the  tongue,  where  the  mucous  membrane  forms 
A  fringed  fold. 

SALIVATIO,  Salivation— s.  Mercurialis,  Sali- 
vation, mercurial. 

SALIVA'TIOX,  Saliva'tio,  Saliva'tio  cal'ida, 
Epiph'ora  pjti/alis'mua,  Sialis'mns,  Sputum  Oris, 
Sial'achv-s,  Sielismos,  Sialorrhce'a,  Sicdoze'mia, 
Ptyalis'mus,  Pty'alism,  Flvxus  sali'vcB,  (F. ) 
Flux  de  Bouclie,  Flux  salivaire.  A  super- 
abundant secretion  of  saliva  ;  occasioned  either 
locally,  by  the  use  of  irritating  masticatories,  or 
under  the  influence  of  some  cause  which  acts  on 
the  whole  economy,  and  especially  of  mercurial 
preparations.  In  this  last  case  it  is  accompanied 
by  a  coppery  taste  in  the  mouth,  by  swelling  of 
the  gums,  and  sometimes  by  looseness  of  the 
teeth.  Salivation  may  usually  be  diminished  by 
the  use  of  astringents,  laxatives,  &c. 

Ptyalismus  acu'tus  sympathet'icus,  Saliva  fluxns 
cibo  visa.  Mouth  icatering,  the  increased  flow  of 
saliva  produced  by  the  sight,  smell,  or  thought  of 
agreeable  food,  is  a  species  of  ptyalism,  as  well  as 
the  Ptyalismus  acutiis  melli'tus.  Apoceno'sis  pty- 
alis'mus mellitus,  or  Sweet  spittle.  In  this  the 
saliva  has  a  sweet  or  mucilaginous  tnste. 

Salivation',  Mercu'rial,  Saliva'tio  mercu- 
ria'lis,  Sialoze'mia  mercurialis,  Ptyalis'mus  mer- 
curia'lis,  P.  hyd rargyra' tus ,  fF.)  Ptyalisme  mer- 
curiel,  Salivation  mercurielle.  Salivation  pro- 
duced by  mercury.  The  stomatitis  that  accom- 
panies* it  is  termed  mercurial,  Hydrar' gyro-ato- 
mati'tia,  (F.)  Stomatite  mercurielle. 

SALIVATION 3IERCURIELLE,  Salivation, 
mercurial. 

SALIVATUM,  Sialagogue. 

SALIVOSUS,  Salivary. 

SALIVOUS,  Salivarv. 

SALIX.  The  Willow,  Ptea,  (F.)  Saide.  A 
genus  of  plants  in  the  Linnaean  system. 

Salix  Frag"ilts,  »S'.  pen'dula  seu  decip'i'ens 
l<eu  amygdnli'na  seu  peraicifo'lia  seu  Pusselia'na 
«eu  pippoph' aefol! a  seu  Trevira'nii,  or  Crack  wil- 
low (Ph.  D.)  Salix  Alba,  .S'.  caru'lea  seu  virtcl- 
li'na,  or  White  willow  (Ph.  D.  and  Ph.  TJ.  S.)  Sa- 
lix Latifo'lia,  or  broad-leaved  willow.  Salix 
Ca'prea,  S.  sphacela'ta  seu  tomento'sa,  or  Great 


round-leaved  willow  (Ph.  L.)  Salix  Pestah'- 
DRiA  seu  Hermaphroditi'ca.  Salix  Hc'milis, 
Low  bush  willow.  Speckled  willow.  Salix  Vitc- 
li'na,  Salix  Erioceph'ala.  The  bark  of  each 
of  these  has  a  slightly  aromatic  odour,  and  a  bit- 
ter astringent  taste,  which  is  nearly  the  same  in 
all  the  species.  It  is  tonic  and  astringent,  and 
has  been  used  in  intermittents,  and  in  cases  of 
dyspepsia,  worms,  &c.  The  active  principle  has 
been  separated,  and  called  Sal'icine.  It  is  like 
the  quinia  in  medicinal  efiicacy.  Dose,  ^j  to  5J 
of  the  powder.  Dose  of  Salicine  from  4  to  6 
grains. 

Salix  .SIgyptiaca,  Calaf. 

SALLOW,  Lurid. 

SALIMIAC,  Ammoniae  murias. 

SALOOP,  Salep. 

SALPETRA,  Soda,  nitrate  of. 

SALPIXGEMPHRAX'IS,  from  caUiy^,  'the 
Eustachian  tube,'  and  tiifpa^i;,  'obstruction.  Ob- 
struction of  the  Eustachian  tube;  —  a  cause  hf 
deafness. 

SALPINGI'TIS,  from  aa^^riy^,  'a  tube,'  and 
itis,  '  denoting  inflammation.'  Inflammation  of 
the  Eustachian  tube. 

SALPIIS'GOCYE'SIS,  Paracye'eia  luha'ria, 
Crravid'itas  tuha'ria,  from  aa\T!iy^,  'a  tube  or 
trumpet,'  and  Kvncis,  'pregnancy.'  Tubal  preg- 
nancy.—  See  Pregnancy. 

SALPINGOMALLJEEN,  Tensor  tympani  — 
s.  Staphylinus  internus,  Levator  palati. 

SALPIXGOPHARTXG^'US,  from  craXriyf, 
'a  trumpet,'  and  ipaovy^,  'the  pharynx.'  Val- 
salva and  Douglas  have  given  this  name  to  a 
bundle  of  fibres,  which  passes  from  the  Eustachian 
tube  to  the  pharynx. 

SAL  PIN  GO  ST-4PHY LINUS,  Circumflex 
muscle. 

SALPINGOSTENOCHO'EIA,  from  ca\7riy^, 
'  a  tube,'  crrtvof,  '  narrow,'  and  %upa,  '  space.' 
Narrowness  or  stricture  of  the  Eustachian  tube. 

SALPINX,  Tuba. 

SALSAFI,  Tragopogon. 

SALSAMENTUM  CRUDUM,  OmotaTichos. 

SALSAPARILLA  GERMANICA,.  Sarsapa^ 
rUla  Germanica. 

SALSEDO  MUCRUM,  Potassas  nitras. 

SALSEPAREILLE,  Smilax  sarsaparilla  —  ». 
d'Allemagne,  Sarsaparilla  Germanica. 

SALSILAGO,  Muria. 

SALSOLA  DECUMEENS,  S.  Kali. 

Salso'la  Kali,  (S".  Eecnm'bena,  Kali  soda, 
Prichly  Saltwort,  Kali  spino'aum  eochlea'tum. 
Tragus  sive  Tragum  ilatthi'oU.  This  plant,  aa 
well  as  the  Salaola  sati'va  and  the  Salsola  sodn 
seu  longifo'lia.  Kali  iner'mis  seu  soda,  Herba  vitri, 
produces  the  alkaline  salt,  commonly  called  Ba- 
rilla, Soda,  or  Kelp. 

Salsola  Longifolia,  S.  Kali — s.  Sativ.a,  Ac, 
see  S.  Kali,  and  Soda  —  s.  Soda,  see  S.  Kali. 

SALSUGINOSUS,  Halmyrodes. 

SALSUS,  Saline. 

SALT,  Sal,  Hal,  Hals,  'aX;,  (F.)  Set.  A  name 
formerly  given  to  a  considerable  number  of  sub- 
stances of  very  different  nature.  At  present,  cby- 
niists  apply  the  term  Salts  exclusively  to  the  com- 
bination of  an  acid  with  one  or  more  bases.  Neu- 
tral salts  are  those  in  which  the  acid  and  ba?e 
reciprocally  saturate  each  other.  Acid  salts  or 
supcrsalts,  (F.)  Snr-sels,  are  those  in  which  tlio 
acid  predominates  over  the  base.  Alkaline  na/ts 
or  siibaalls,  (F.)  Sous-sels,  those  in  which  the  ba.'e 
is,  on  the  contrary,  predominant.  The  different 
denominations  of  the  salts  are  compounded,  1.  Of 
the  name  of  the  acid  ;  the  termination  of  which 
is  changed  into  ite,  when  the  name  of  the  acid  \a 


SALTANS 


76? 


SANABILIS 


in  ons  ;  —  ate,  -when  it  is  in  ic.  Thus  the  salts 
formed  by  the  sulphurous  acid  are  sulphites; 
those  by  the  sulphuric,  sulphates.  2.  This  name 
is  followed  up  by  that  of  the  oxyd,  that  enters 
into  the  composition  of  the  salt.  Thus,  the  sul- 
phate of  protoxyd  of  iron  is  a  combination  of 
sulphuric  acid  with  the  protoxyd  of  that  metal. 
Frequently,  to  shorten  the  name,  the  word  oxyd 
is  suppressed;  and  proto,  deuto,  trito,  &q.,  put 
before  the  acid: — as  pirotosulphate  of  iron.  Sim- 
ple salts  are  those  resulting  from  the  combina- 
tion of  an  acid  with  a  single  base  :  double  salts 
with  two  different  bases :  triple  with  three,  &c. 
A  haloid  salt  is  one  constituted  after  the  type  of 
common  salt,  or  which  contains  a  metal  and  a 
salt-radical,  as  chlorine,  iodine,  &e.  An  oxysnlt 
is  formed  from  the  combination  of  an  acid  with 
an  oxide. 

When  salt  is  used  in  an  abstract  sense,  it  means 
the  chloride  of  sodium. 

Salt  Aperient,  of  Frederick,  Soda,  sulphate 
of — s.  Baker's,  Ammonise  carbonas — s.  of  Barilla, 
Soda,  subcarbonate  of — s.  Bay,  Soda,  muriate  of 
— s.  Bitter  purging,  Magnesise  sulphas — s.  Com- 
mon, Soda,  muriate  of — s.  Epsom,  Magnesise  sul- 
phas— s.  Glauber's,  Soda,  sulphate  of — s.  Glau- 
ber's, Lymington,  see  Soda,  sulphate  of — s.  Bo- 
chelle.  Soda,  tartrate  of — s.  Eoek,  Soda,  muriate 
of — s.  Sea,  Soda,  muriate  of — s.  Secondary,  Neu- 
tral salt  —  s.  Seignette's,  Soda,  tartrate  of — s. 
Smelling,  Ammonias  carbonas — s.  of  Soda,  Soda, 
subcarbonate  of —  s.  Sore-throat,  Potassse  nitras 
fusus  sulphatis  paucillo  mixtus — s.  of  Tartar,  see 
Potassffi  subcarbonas,  and  Potash  —  s.  Tasteless 
purging.  Soda,  phosphate  of — s.  of  Urine,  Am- 
monia carbonas — s.  White,  Soda,  muriate  of — s. 
of  Woodsoot,  Ammonia}  carbonas  —  s.  of  Worm- 
wood, see  Potash. 

SALTANS  ROSA,  Urticaria. 

SALTATIO,  Dancing— s.  Sancti  Viti,  Chorea. 

SALTERTON.  A  village  about  four  miles  to 
the  eastward  of  Exmouth,  England,  frequented 
as  a  winter  abode  by  invalids.  It  is  in  a  small, 
open  valley  on  the  seashore,  and  is  well  protected 
from  winds,  particularly  the  northerly. 

SALTISH,  Ilalmyrodes. 

SALTPETRE,  Potassse  nitras. 

SALT  US,  Leap,  Vulva — s.  Tendinum,  Subsul- 
tus  tendinum. 

SALTWORT,  PRICKLY,  Salsola  kali. 

SALUBRIOUS,  Salutary. 

SALUBRIOUSNESS,  Salubrity. 

SALUBRIS,  Salutary. 

SALU'BRITY,  Salu'britas,  Salu'hriousness, 
(F.)  Saluhrite,  from  salus,  'health.'  Any  thing 
which  contributes  to  the  health  of  individuals  or 
of  communities.  Situations  differ  materially  from 
each  other  in  this  respect;  and  the  cause  of  the 
difference  is  often  an  interesting  topic  of  inquiry. 

SALUS,  Sanitas. 

SALUTAIRE,  Salutary. 

SAL'UTARY,  Peries'ticos,  Saluta'ris,  Salu'- 
her,  Salu'hris,  Hygiei'nns,  Hygiasticus,  Hygie'- 
rus,  Salu'brins,  (F.)  Salutaire.  Same  etymon. 
Healthy.  That  which  is  favourable  to  health. 
Some  diseases  have  been  considered  salutary; 
but  this  is  doubtful. 

SALUTIF'EROUS,  SaXu'tifer ,-  from  ealm, 
'health,'  and  fero,  'I  bear.'  Bringing  health; 
health  bearing. 

SALVATEL'LA;  same  etymon,  (?)  Vena  sal- 
vatel'la,  is  situate  on  the  back  of  the  hand,  near 
its  inner  margin.  It  begins  on  the  posterior  sur- 
face of  the  fingers  and  dorsal  surface  of  the  hand, 
by  a  plexus,  formed  of  a  number  of  radicles,  fre- 
quently anastomosing  with  each  other ;  it  then 
ascends  to  the  inner  part  of  the  forearm,  where  it 
takes  the  name — posterior  cubital.     The  ancients 


recommended  this  vein  to  be  opened  in  certain 
diseases,  as  in  melancholic  and  hypochondriacal 
affections  ;  and  they  attributed  to  such  abstraction 
of  blood  considerable  efficacy  in  the  cure  of  dis- 
ease :  hence  its  name. 

SALVE,  BLISTERING,  Unguentum  lyttce— 
s.  Eye,  Unguentum  oxidi  zinci  impuri  —  s.  Eye, 
Singleton's,  Unguentum  hydrargyri  nitrieo-oxydl 
— s.  Healing,  Cerate  of  calamine. 

SAL'VIA,  S.  ojftcina'lis  seu  horten'sis  seu  vid- 
ga'ris  seu  minor,  Elelis' phacos,  (F.)  Sauge,  Petite 
Sauge,  The  d'Europe,  The  de  France.  Family, 
Labiatse.  Sex.  Syst.  Diandria  Monogynia.  Sage 
has  a  peculiar,  aromatic  odour,  and  a  warm,  aro- 
matic, bitterish  taste.  Its  virtues  depend  upon 
an  essential  oil.  It  is  tonic,  stimulant,  and  f:ar- 
minative.  In  the  form  of  a  weak  infusion,  it  is 
occasionally  used  as  a  diluent,  and  as  a  wash  for 
sore  mouth.     Dose,  gr.  xv  to  xxx  or  more. 

Salvia  Africa'na,  Wild  Sage,  a  South  jifri- 
can  species,  has  the  same  medical  properties  aa 
Salvia, 

Salvia  Colorata,  Salvia. 

Salvia  Hormi'nuit,  Hormi'num,  S.  colora'ta, 
Hormi'mnn  colora'tuni  seu  sativum,  (F.)  Sauge- 
hormin,  of  the  Pharmacopoeias,  is  used  in  similar 
cases. 

Salvia  Hortbnsis,  Salvia — s.  Minor,  Salvia — 
s.  Officinalis,  Salvia. 

Salvia  Scla'rea,  Sdarea,  Gallit'richurj}, 
^thio'2}is,  Biser' mas,  Colus  Jovis,  Common  Clary, 
(F.)  Sauge  sclaree,  Grande  sauge,  Orvale  ou  Toute- 
honne.  The  leaves  have  been  recommended  as 
corroborants  and  anti-spasmodics. 

Salvia  Vit^,  Asplenium  ruta  muraria — s. 
Vulgaris,  Salvia, 

SAMBU'CUS,  Sabu'ciis,  Sambucus  nigra,  S. 
vulga'ris,  S.  Arbo'rea,  Acte,  Iii/e'lix  lignum;  the 
Elder,  (F.)  Sureau  commun.  Family,  Capparifo- 
liaceae.  Sex.  Syst.  Pentandria  Digynia  —  (Tho 
flower  and  bark  were  formerly  called  Cano' pum.) 
The  flowers,  berries,  and  bark  of  the  elder  have 
been  used  in  medicine.  The  flowers  have  been 
reputed  diaphoretic  and  discutient:  the  berries, 
aperient  and  sudorific:  the  bark,  purgative,  and, 
in  small  doses,  deobstruent.  The  flowers  are 
sometimes  used  in  fomentations,  and  to  form  a 
cooling  ointment. 

Sambccus  Arborea,  Sambucus  —  s.  Chamse- 
acte,  S.  ebulus. 

Sambucds  Eb'ultjs,  Ebulus,  Chamaac'te,  Od'- 
ocos,  Sambucus  Chamceac'te  seu  He'lion,  Sambu^- 
cus  hu'milis  seu  Herba'cea,  Dwarf-elder,  Dane- 
ivort,  (F.)  Hieble.  The  root,  interior  bark,  leaves, 
flowers,  berries,  (BacccB  seu  Grana  Actes,)  and 
seeds  have  all  been  given  in  moderate  doses  aa 
resolvents  and  deobstruents ;  and  in  large  dosea 
as  hydragogues.  The  berries  of  Sambuctis  Caiia- 
den'sis,  the  Common  Elder  of  America,  are  mado 
officinal  in  the  American  Pharmaeopoeia. 

Sambucus  Helxon,  Sambucus  ebulus — s.  Her- 
bacea,  S.  ebulus — s.  Humilis,  S.  ebulus — s.  Nigra, 
Sambucus — s.  Vulgaris,  Sambucus. 

SAMI  TERRA,  Sa'mian  Earth.  An  argilla- 
ceous earth,  found  in  the  island  of  Samos,  to 
which  were  ascribed  virtues  similar  to  those  of 
the  Terra  Lemnii. —  Galen,  Dioscorides. 

SAMIUS  LAPIS.  A  stone  found  in  the  Isle 
of  Samos,  which  the  ancients  believed  to  be  as- 
tringent and  refrigerant. 

SAMPHIRE,  Crithmum  maritimum. 

SAMPSON,  BLACK,  Echinacea  purpureiu 

SAMPSUCHUS,  Thymus  mastichina. 

SAMPSUCUS,  Origanum  majoraua. 

SAMPSYCH'INON,  Sampsu'chinum.  Anoint- 
ment composed  oi  aan-i-vxov;  which  was  perhapd 
marjoram.—  Dioscorides. 

SANABILIS,  Curable. 


SANABLE 


768 


SANITAS 


SATs^ABLE,  Curable. 
SANAMUNDA,  Geum  urbanum. 
SANATIO,  Curation,  Cure. 

SANATIVE,  Curative. 

SAN  GIULIANO,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
At  the  foot  of  the  mountain  San  Giuliano,  a 
league  and  a  half  from  Pisa,  are  several  mineral 
springs;  temperature  from  84°  to  107°  Fahr. 

The  spring,  Pozzetto,  contains  carbonic  acid, 
sulphates  of  soda,  lime,  and  magnesia;  chlorides 
of  sodium  and  magnesium ;  carbonates  of  lime 
and  magnesia;  argil  and  sUica. —  SantL 

SAND,  see  Gravel. 

SANDALUM  C^RULEUM,  Guilandina  mo- 
ringa — s.  Rubrum,  Pterocarpus  santalinus. 

SAN'DARAC,  Sandara'cha,  Gum  Ju'niper,  Gum 
SnndaracJt,  Pounce,  Gummi  Junip'eri,  Sandara' - 
f«,  Veniix  sicca,  Resina  Junip'eri.  A  name 
given,  by  the  Arabs,  to  an  odorous  resin,  that 
flows  from  the  Thuya  aphyl'la.  Family,  Coni- 
ferae.  Sex.  Syst.  Monoecia  Monadelphia.  It  is 
stimulant,  like  all  the  resins;  but  is  very  little 
used. 

SANDARACHA  GR^CORUM,  Realgar. 

SAND-BLIND.  A  defect  of  vision,  in  which 
small  particles  seem  to  fly  before  the  eyes.  See 
Metamorphopsia. 

SANDERS,  see  Saunders. 

SANDIVER,  see  Vitrum. 

SANDIX,  Plumbi  oxydum  rubrum. 

SANDYX,  Plumbi  oxydum  rubrum. 

SANG,  Blood — s.  Arteriel,  Arterial  blood  —  s. 
Dragon,  Rumex  sanguineus — s.  Dragon,  see  Ca- 
lamus rotang  —  s.  Globules  du,  Globules  of  the 
blood — s.  Perte  de,  Hsemorrhagia. 

SANGAREE'.  Wine  and  water,  sweetened 
and  spiced. 

SANGLOT,  Sob. 

SANG  SUE.  Hirudo. 

SANGUIDUCTUS  DUR^  MATRIS,  Sinuses 
of  the  dura  mater. 

S ANGUIFICATIO,  Hsematosis  —  s.  Debilior, 
lIvphEematosis. 

SANGUIFLUXUS,  Hsemorrhagia  —  s.  Uteri- 
nus.  Metrorrhagia. 

SANGUIMOTION,  Circulation. 

SANGUIMOTORY,  Circulatory. 

SANGUIN,  {Vaisseau,)  Blood-vessel. 

SANGUINALIS  CORRIGIOLA,  Polygonum 
nviculare. 

SANGUINA'RIA,  S.  Canaden'sis  seu  aeau'Us, 
Bloodroot,  Bloodwort,  Piiccoon,  Red  Puccoon,  Red 
Root,  Indian  Paint,  Tur'meric.  Nat.  Ord.  Papa- 
veracese.  Sex.  Syst.  Polyandria  Monogynia.  A 
North  American  plant,  the  rhizoma  and  seeds  of 
which  are  used  in  medicine.  They  are  emetic. 
Dose  of  the  powder,  8  to  20  grains.  They  are 
laid  to  reduce  the  velocity  of  the  pulse,  like 
digitalis. 

Sanguinaria,  Polygonum  avieulare. 

SANGUINE,  Sanguin'eus,  Sanguino'sus,  HcB- 
wat'icus,  Hcp.mato'des,  Hmmate'rus,  Hmmati'nus, 
Hanio'des,  HmmoVdes,  Sanguineotis ;  (F.)  San- 
guin.  Bloody,  blood-like ;  having  the  colour  of 
blood,  as  'a  sanguine  countenance.'  Relating  to, 
or  containing  blood — as  '  sanguine  temperament.' 
Plethoric. 

SANGUINEA,  Potassse  nitras. 

SANGUINBNESS,  Plethora. 

SANGUINEOUS,  Plethoric,  Sanguine. 

SANGUINEUS,  Sanguine. 

SANGUINIS  ABSORPTIO,  Iltemorrhophesis 
— s.  Congestio,  Congestion — s.  Dissolutio,  Hsema- 
teclysis^ — s.  Fluor,  Haemoptysis — s.  Fluor  VesiciB, 
I'ystorrhagia — s.  Ictus,  Apoplexy  —  s.  Missio, 
Hlood-letting — s.  Profluvium  copiosum,  Hajmor- 
rbagia — s.  Profluvium  es  Ore,  Stomatorrhagia — 
B,  Stagnatio,  Ha:mostasis. 


SANGUIN'OLENT,  Sanguinolen'tiis,{rom  san- 
guis, '  blood.'  Tinged  with  blood.  An  epithet 
applied,  particularly,  to  the  sputa  when  so  tinged, 
Bloody. 

SANGUINOSUS,  Sanguine. 
SANGUIPUR'GIUM,  from  sanguis,  'blood,' 
and  purgare,  'to  cleanse.'  Purgation  of  the 
blood.  A  name  given  by  some  authors  to  mild 
fevers,  from  an  idea  that  they  purged  the  blood 
of  noxious  matters. 

SANGUIS,  Blood,  Sperm— s.  Concretus,  Coa- 
gulum — s.  Draconis,  see  Calamus  rotang — s.  Ilirci 
siccatus,  see  Blood — s.  Menstruus,  see  Menses — 
s.  in  Urina,  Hsematuria. 

SANGUISOR'BA  CANADEN'SIS,  Canada 
Burnett.  A  tall  indigenous  plant — family,  Ro- 
saceae  —  with  white,  sometimes  purple,  flowers, 
which  appear  from  August  to  October.  It  has 
the  same  virtues  as 

Sanguisor'ba  Officina'lis,  S.  car'nea  seu 
rubra,  Ital'ian  Pim'pinel,  Pimpinel'la  ItaV- 
ica  seu  officina'lis,  (F.)  Pimprenelle  noire.  It 
was  formerly  used  as  an  astringent  a,nd  tonic,  in 
hemorrhages,  dysentery,  Ac. 

SANGUISUGA,  Hirudo. 

SANGUISU'GUM.  A  barbarous  term,  to  de- 
note too  great  an  accumulation  of  blood  in  the 
heart. —  Bonetus. 

SANICLE,  Sanicula,  S.  Marilandica — s.  Ame- 
rican, Heuchera  cortusa — s.  de  Jlfariland,  Sani- 
cula Marilandica — s.  Yorkshire,  Pinguicola  vul- 
garis. 

SANICULA,  S.  EuropcB'a  seu  officina'rum, 
Astran'tia  diapensia,  Cauca'lis  Sanic'ula,  Cucnl- 
la'ta,  Bodeca'theon,  Sym'phytuni  petra'um,  Sa~ 
nic'ula  mas,  Biapen'sia,  B.  cortu'sa,  San'iclc, 
(F.)  Toute-saine.  Family,  Umbelliferte.  Sex. 
Syst.  Pentandria  Digynia.  This  herb  was  for- 
merly used  as  a  mild  astringent.  It  is  bitterish, 
and  somewhat  austere. 

Sanicula,  Saxifraga  granula — s.  Eboracensi?, 
Pinguicola  vulgaris — s.  Europaea,  Sanicula. 

Sanic'ula  Marilan'dica,  San'ide,  Ma'rylavd 
Sanicle,  Black  Snnkeroot,  (F.)  Sanicle  de  JiJari- 
land.  This  indigenous  plant  grows  in  marshes, 
or  low  and  shaded  ground.  It  is  possessed  of 
tonic  virtues  ;  and  the  powdered  root  is  employed 
in  popular  practice  as  a  favourite  remedy  in  in- 
termittent fever.  It  has  been  recommended, 
also,  in  chorea. 

Sanicula  Montana,  Pinguicola  vulgaris  —  s. 
OfBcinarum,  Sanicula. 

SANIDO'DES,<S'a?Ho'<fes,  'resembling  aboard,' 
from  cavif,  gen.  aavibos,  'a  board,'  and  ti^os,  're- 
semblance.' One  whose  thorax  is  narrow,  and, 
as  it  were,  contracted. 

SANIE,  Sanies. 

SA'NIES,  Ichor,  Tabum,  Vii-us,  Pus  mah'g'- 
num,  P.corrosi'vum,  (F.)  Sanie.  A  thin,  serous 
fluid,  presenting  some  of  the  qualities  of  pus  and 
blood,  and  commonly  exhaled  at  the  surface  of 
iilcGrs> 

SANIODES.  Sanidodes. 

SANIOSUS,  Ichorous. 

SANIOUS,  Ichorous. 

SAN'ITARY,  San'atory,  Healing.  (F.)  Sanl- 
taire.  That  which  relates  to  health,  and  espe- 
cially to  public  health;  as  Stablissement  sanitairc; 
police  sanitaire. 

SANITA'llIUM,  Sanato'rium;  from  sanitas, 
'  health.'  .A  retreat  selected  for  valetudinarians, 
in  consequence  of  its  salubritj'.  Also,  an  estab- 
lishment for  the  treatment  of  the  sick. 

SAN'ITAS,  Hygie'a,  Hyge'a,  Jlygian'sis,  Hy- 
gi'asis,  Integ'ritas,  Prosper'itas  Valetu'dinis,  Sa- 
ins, Hygiei'a,  Valetu'do,  Valitu'do,  Valctndo 
bona  seu  secun'da  seu  com'moda,  HygeVa,  Euzo- 
bdyna'mia,    Health,     (F.)    Santi,    from    sanua, 


SAISriTT 


769 


SAPO 


'sound.'  Healtli  has  been  defined, —  a  state,  in 
which  all  the  functions  are  exerted  with  regula- 
rity and  harmony.  A  person  may,  however,  be 
in  health,  although  certain  functions  are  not  per- 
formed. A  blind  man,  for  example,  has  health 
when  all  his  functions,  except  sight,  proceed  with 
regularity.  Sanity  is  often  used  for  soundness 
of  mind. 

Sanitas,  Cure. 
SANITY,  Sanitas. 
SANKIRA,  Smilax  China. 
SANS  PAIEE,  (  Yeine,)  Azygos  vein. 
SANTA  CRUZ,  (CLIMATE  OF.)    This  West 
India  island  is  frequently  selected  as  a  winter  re- 
treat for  the  phthisical  valetudinarian  from  the 
United  States ;  but  it  does  not  seem  entitled  to 
any  preference,  in  such  cases,  over  the  other  isl- 
ands of  the  West  Indies,  whilst  its  general  salu- 
brity is  said  to  be  less  than  that  of  many. 

SANTAL  BLANC,  Santalum  album  —  s. 
Bonge,  Pterocarpus  aantalinus. 

SANTALUM,  see  Pterocarpus  santalinus. 
San'talum  Album,  S.  cit'rimim  seu  pal'lidum 
Beu  myrtifo'liiun,  Sir'ncm  myrtifo'lium,  Yellow 
Saunders,  (F.)  Santal  hlanc.  Sex.  Syst.  Teti'an- 
dria  Monogynia.  The  virtues  of  the  wood  of  the 
white  saunders  reside  in  a  volatile  oil  and  resi- 
nous principle.  The  odour  is  fragrant,  .and  re- 
sembles a  mixture  of  ambergris  and  roses.  It 
has  been  used  as  a  stimulant  and  sudorific,  but  it 
is  not  now  employed.  The  saunders  woods  are 
called,  collectively,  in  French,  Santaux. 

Santalum  Myrtipolium,    S.  album  —  s.  Ru- 
brum,  Pterocarpus  santalinus. 
SANTE,  Sanitas. 

SANTONICUM,  Artemisia  santonicum. 
SAN'TONINE,  San'tonin,  Cinin.     A  peculiar 
crystalline  substance    obtained    from    Artemisia 
Santonica.     It  possesses  the   anthelmintic  pro- 
perties of  the  plant.     Dose,  five  or  six  grains. 

SANTORI'NI,  FISSURES  OF,  (F.)  Incisures 
ou  Seissures  de  Santorini.  Clefts  at  the  upper 
and  back  part  of  the  fibro-eartilaguious  portion 
of  the  external  ear. 

Santorini,  Tu'bercles  of.     Small  cartilagi- 
nous projections  at  the  top  of  the  arytenoid  car- 
tilages, which  support  the  ligaments  of  the  glottis. 
See  Corniculum  Laryngis. 
SANVE,  Sinapis. 

SAP,  Sax.  )"cepe,  (G.)  Saft,  Arhorum  Succus 
seu  Lympha,  _(F.)  Seve.  The  circulating  fluid  of 
the  vegetable,  which  corresponds  to  the  blood  of 
the  animal. 

SAP  A,  see  Rob. 

SAPHA'DA.     Paracelsus  has  given  this  name 
to  reddish  scales  adherent  to  the  hair  in  some 
eruptions  of  the  hairy  scalp. 
SAPHiENA,  Saphena. 

SAPHE'NA,  Saphce'na,  from  carpri;,  'manifest,' 
'  evident.'  (F.)  Saphene.  A  name  given  to  two 
subcutaneous  veins  of  the  lower  limb.  These 
are :  1.  The  Great  Saphena  Vein,  Saphena 
interna,  Tibio-malleolar,  (Ch..,)  CF.)  Grande  Veine 
Saphene  ou  Saphene  interne.  Its  radicles  occupy 
the  inner  part  of  the  great  toe,  and  form  a  trans- 
verse arch  on  the  back  of  the  foot,  which  unites 
with  the  saphena  externa,  and  receives  at  its 
convex  part,  which  is  turned  forwards,  a  number 
of  branches  coming  from  the  toes.  These  radi- 
cles, when  united,  ascend  before  the  inner  ankle, 
and  form  a  trunk,  the  size  of  which  is  farther 
increased  by  several  branches  that  proceed  from 
the  region  of  the  tarsus,  and  that  of  the  meta- 
tarsus. This  trunk  ascends  vertically  at  the 
inner  part  of  the  leg ;  passes  behind  the  inner 
condyle  of  the  femur;  proceeds  along  the  inner 
part  of  the  thigh ;  receives  other  subcutaneous 
veins,  such  as  the  abdominal  subcutaneous,  the 
49 


external  pudic,  &c.,  and  passes  through  the  in- 
ferior opening  of  the  crural  canal  to  empty  itself 
into  the  femoral  vein.  2.  The  Lesser  Vena 
Saphena  or  Saphena  externa;  the  Peroneo- 
malleolar  Vein  of  Chaussier,  (F.)  Petite  Veine 
Sa2:thhie  ou  Saphene  externe,  commences  by  seve- 
ral roots,  which  are  spread  over  the  dorsum  and 
outer  side  of  the  foot,  and  embrace  the  outer 
ankle.  Behind  this,  they  unite  into  a  single 
trunk,  which  ascends  obliquely,  approaching  the 
tendo  Achillis,  and  proceeds  vertically  towards 
the  ham  to  open  into  the  popliteal  vein. 
SAPHENE,  Saphena. 

SAPHE'NOUS,  Sapheno'sns;  from  Saphi-ne. 
Of  or  belonging  to  the  saphena. 

Saphenous  Nerves  are  two  in  number,  and 
are  branches  of  the  crural  or  femoral  nerve. 
They  are  the  short  saphenous  —  nervus  cutaneous 
internus;  and  the  long  saphenous,  —  nervus  cuta- 
neous interntis  longvs. 

The  external  saphenous,  formed  by  the  union 
of  the  communicans  poplitei  and  communieans 
peronei,  passes  down  the  leg  by  the  side  of  the 
external  saphenous  vein  of  the  foot. 

SAPID,  Sa'2>orous,  Sap'idus,  (F.)  Savoureux. 
Possessed  of  sapidity.  Having  the  power  of 
afiecting  the  organs  of  taste. 

SAPID'ITY,  Sap'idness,  Saporos'ify,  Sapor, 
(F.)  Sapidite,  from  sapere,  'to  taste.'  The 
quality  of  bodies  that  gives  them  taste. 
SAPIN  COJ/MUN,  Pinus  picea. 
SAPIN'DUS,  S.  Sapona'ria,  Sapona'ria,  Soap 
Tree,  (F.)  Saronnier  comnnin.  The  name  of  the 
plant  that  affords  the  Soap  Nuts,  Sapona'rice 
Nu'cula,  Bac'ccB  Bermuden'ses,  Soap-berries,  A 
spherical  fruit  about  the  size  of  a  cherry,  the 
cortical  part  of  which  is  j'ellow,  glossy,  and  so 
transparent  as  to  show  the  spherical  black  nut 
that  rattles  within,  and  includes  a  white  kernel. 
The  cortical  part  of  this  fruit,  which  has  similar 
effects  with  soap  in  washing,  has  been  1-eeom- 
mended  in  chlorosis,  and  as  a  stomachic  and 
deobstruent. 

SAPO,  Soap,  Sax.  )"ape,  Smegma,  (F.)  Saron. 
A  product  obtained  by  treating  fatty  bodies  with 
caustic  alkalies  dissolved  in  water.  In  the  Phar- 
macopoeia of  the  United  States,  it  means  Soap 
made  with  soda  and  olive  oil. 

Yellow  Soap  is  formed  of  turpentine,  oil,  an(L 
alkali. 

Castile  Soap,  being  made  of  fine  olive  oil,  ia 
generally  used  internally.  The  yellow  and  soft 
soaps  are  the  most  stimulating;  and  are,  conse- 
quently, best  adapted  for  particular  cutaneous 
eruptions. 

Internally,  soap  is  purgative  and  diuretic ;  ex- 
ternally, it  is  detergent  and  stimulant.  Soapy 
water  is  used  with  the  greatest  success,  in  eases 
of  poisoning  by  acids.  It  is  mostly  applied  ex- 
ternally to  bruises  and  sprains.  In  Pharmacy, 
it  is  used  to  favour  the  solution  of  resins. 

Sapo  Ac"idus,  Acid  Soaj:),  is  a  combination  of 
a  fixed  oil  with  an  acid. 

Sapo  Ammoniacalis,  Linimentnm  ammonios 
fortius — s.  Ammoniae  oleaceus,  Linimentum  am- 
moniaa  fortius — s.  Amygdalinus,  Sapo  medieina- 
lis  —  s.  Cacaotinus,  Sapo  coconeus  —  s.  Calcarius, 
■Linimentum  aquse  calcis  —  s.  Castiliensis,  see 
Sap  Medicinalis. 

Sapo  Coco'neus,  Soap  of  Cocoa-Nut  Oil,  S. 
cacaoti'ntis,  (F.)  Savon  de  cacoa,  has  been  much 
used  in  Germany  in  herpetic  affections. 

Sapo  Durus,  S.  Hispanicus  —  s.  Hispanicuii. 
see  S.  medicinalis. 

Sapo  Kaltcus,  S.  Mollis. 

Sapo  Liq'uidus,  Ligm'd  Soap,  Lotio  sapima'- 
cea,  is  a  cosmetic  which  is  composed  of  olive  oxl 


SAP  ON  AIRE 


770 


SARCOLOGIA 


^iv,  o?,  fartmi per  deh'qnium  ^ss.    Rub  togetlier, 
aud  add  aqua  rosarum  ^xij. 

Sapo  Medicina'lis,  Medic" inal  Soap,  Sapo 
amygdaW iiufi,  (£.)  Savon  medicinal,  is  made  with 
oil  of  sweet  almonds  and  half  its  weight  of  caus- 
tic alkali,  or,  like  the  Saiio  Hiepani'cua  seu  Gaa- 
tllien'sis,  Spanish  or  Oaatile  soap,  Sapo  durus, 
(F.)  Savon  dur,  of  olive  oil  and  soda. 

Sato  Mollis,  Common  or  Soft  Soap,  S.  vir'idis, 
S.  nl'yer,  S.  ka'licus,  (F.)  Savon  mou,  Savon noir, 
is  made  of  potass  and  oil  or  tallow.  The  Sapo 
vulgaris,  or  '  common  soap'  of  the  Pharm.  U.  S. 
is  made  with  soda  and  animal  oil. 

Sapo  Niger,  Black  Soap,  Melanosmeg'ma,  is  a 
composition  of  train  oil  and  an  alkali :  and  Green 
Soap,  Sapo  vir'idis,  of  hempseed,  linseed,  or  rape 
oil,  with  an  alkali.     See  Sapo  mollis. 

Sapo  Vegstabilis,  Pulvis  gummosus  alkali- 
nus  —  s.  Viridis,  Sapo  mollis  —  s.  Vulgaris,  see 
Sapo  mollis. 

SAPONA'CEOUS;  Sapona'ceus ;  from  Sapto, 
'  soap.'  Soapy.  Containing  soap,  as  Linimen- 
tiim  saponaceim.  Soap  liniment. 

SAP  ON  AIRE,  Saponaria. 

SAPONA'RIA,  from  Sapo,  '  soap.'  Soap-wort, 
Bruise-wort,  Stru'thium,  Lana'ria,  Lychnis  syl- 
ves'tris,  Ihix'um.a,  Bootia  vulga'ris  Lychnis  offici- 
na'Hs,  (F.)  Saponaire.  Fainily,  Carj'ophyllea3. 
Sex.  Syst.  Decandria  Digynia.  A  decoction  of 
the  leaves  of  this  plant  has  been  recommended 
in  scrofula,  cancer,  old  syphilis,  cutaneous  erup- 
tions, jaundice,  visceral  obstructions,  &a.  It  is 
hardly  ever  used. 

Saponaria,  Sapindus  saponaria. 

SAPONARLE  NUCULE,  see  Sapindus  sapo- 
naria. 

SAPO'NEA,  from  Sapo,  'soap.'  A  pectoral 
medicine,  prepared  with  sweetened  syrup  of  vio- 
lets, and  oil  of  sweet  almonds. 

SAPON'ULES,  Sapon'uli,  (P.)  Savonvles. 
Same  etymon.  Combinations  of  volatile  or  es- 
sential oils  with  different  bases. 

Acid  Saponules  are  combinations  of  such  oils 
■with  different  acids. 

SAPOR,  Sapidity,  Savour. 

SAPOROSITY,  Sapidity. 

SAPOROUS,  Sapid. 

SAPO'TA,  Achras  Sapota  sen  aiistra'lis  seu 
Zapota,  Sapota  akhras.  El  nispero.  Oval-fruited 
Sapota,  (F.)  Sapotier,  Sapotillier,  Sa2)otilla.  Fam. 
Sapotese.  Sex.  Syst.  Hexandria  Digynia.  A  tree 
which  grows  in  the  Antilles,  and  particularly  at 
St.  Domingo.  Its  fruit  is  much  esteemed.  It 
resembles  the  marmalade  of  quinces;  and  hence 
has  been  called  natural  marmalade.  The  seeds 
make  an  emulsion,  which  has  been  given  in 
nephritic  affections.  The  bark  has  been  recom- 
mended as  a  febrifuge. 

Sapota  alchras,  Sapota. 

SAPOTIER,  Sapota. 

SAPOTILLA,  Sapota. 

SAPOTILLIER,  Sapota, 

SAPROPYRA,  Typhus  gravior. 

SAPROS,  Putrid,  Rancid. 

SAPROS'TOMUS,  from  aa^po?,  'foul,  of  a  bad 
odour,'  and  Gvona,  'mouth'  Oae  who  has  an 
offensive  breath. 

SAPROTES,  Putrefaction. 

SAR'APUS,  Sarapotis.  One  who  has  a  large 
foot ;  whose  toes  are  largely  separated,  or  whose 
feet  arc  much  asunder  in  walking;  from  aatpoi, 
'  I  grin,'  and  tows,  '  the  foot.'  See  Kyllosis. 
_  SARATO'GA,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  The 
Saratoga  springs  in  New  York  are  ten  miles 
Dorth-cast  from  Ballston.  They  contain  the 
fcamc  iugrcdients  as  those  of  the  latter  place; 
Slid  are  much  fretjuented  by  visiters  from  every 


part  of  the  United  States.  The  following  analy- 
sis  has  been  given  of  the  Congress  spring.  In  a 
wine  gallon  —  gaseous  contents:  carbonic  acid, 
311  cubic  inches  ;  atmospheric  air,  7.  Solid  con- 
tents. Chloride  of  sodium,  gr.  385 ;  iodide  of 
sodium,  gr.  3.5  ;  bicarbonate  of  soda,  gr.  8.982; 
bicarbonate  of  magnesia,  95.788;  carbonate  of 
lime,  98.098;  carbonate  of  iron,  5.075;  silica, 
1.6 ;  bromide  of  potassium,  a  trace.  Total  gr. 
597.943.— Steel. 

The  Walton  or  Iodine  sp>ring  contains  chloride 
of  sodium,  carbonate  of  magnesia,  and  iodide  of 
sodium. 

SARCEPIPLOCELE.  Sarcoepiplocele. 

SARCEPIP LOM PIIALOCELE,  Sarcoepi- 
plomphacele. 

SARCEPIPLOMPHALUS,  Sarcoepiplompha- 
lus. 

SARCIDIUM,  Caruncle. 

SARCINA,  Foetus. 

Sar'cina  Ventric'tjli,  Sarcina,  'a  pact,  a 
woolpack.'  A  microscopic  crj'ptogamous  plant 
found  in  the  fluid  of  waterbrash. 

SARCION,  Caruncle. 

SARCITES,  Anasarca  —  s.  Flatuosus,  Em- 
physema. 

SARCITIS,  Myositis. 

SARCOCE'LE,  Hernia  carno'sa,  Scirrhus  Tes- 
tic'uli,  from  (rap|,  'flesh,'  and  KrjXrj,  'a  tumour;' 
Sarco'ma  scroti,  (F.)  Hemic  charnue.  Scirrhus 
or  cancer  of  the  testicle.  This  disease  afteeta 
adults  particularly;  and  appears  most  commonly 
after  an  inflammatory  swelling  of  the  testicle. 
Sometimes  it  is  dependent  upon  a  blow ;  at 
others,  it  makes  its  appearance  without  any  ap- 
preciable cause.  It  is  well  known  by  a  hard, 
heavy,  ovoid  or  spherical  swelling  of  the  testicle, 
which  is,  at  first,  slightly,  or  not  at  all  painful, 
and  merely  causes  an  unpleasant  traction  on  the 
spermatic  cord.  There  is  no  heat  or  change  of 
colour  of  the  skin  ;  the  spermatic  cord  is  swollen, 
and  participates  in  the  afi"ection ;  very  painful 
shootings  occur ;  the  lymphatic  glands  of  the 
abdomen  become  swollen,  and  form  a  tumour, 
which  may,  at  times,  be  felt  through  the  abdo- 
men ;  and  the  patient,  at  length,  dies  with  every 
sign  of  the  cancerous  diathesis.  The  prognosis 
is  very  unfavourable.  The  only  means,  indeed, 
that  can  save  life  is  the  extirpation  of  the  testicle. 

SARCOCOL'LA,  (F.)  Colle-ehair,  from  capl, 
'flesh,'  and  Ko'S.Xa,  'glue.'  A  resino*is  matter,  ob- 
tained from  Penm'a  Sarcocol'la,  P.  mucrona'tn, 
and  other  species  of  Pencca.  An  African  shrub, 
which  has  been  so  called  from  a  belief  that  it 
facilitates  the  consolidation  of  flesh.  It  is  in  the 
form  of  small,  oblong,  semitransparent  globules, 
of  a  yellowish  or  reddish  blue,  and  smells  like 
aniseed.  It  was  once  employed  as  an  astringent 
and  detergent. 

SARCODES,  Carneous. 

SARCOEPIPLOCE'LE,  Sarcepiploce'Ie,  from 
(jap^,  'flesh,'  nrnrXoov,  'the  epiploon,'  and  Kn'>"i, 
'  a  tumour.'  Epiplocele,  complicated  with  sar- 
coma or  sarcocele. 

SARCOE  P I  P  L  0  M'PHALUS,  Sarcepiplom'- 
phalus,  Sarcepiplomphaloce'le,  from  crap^,  '  flesh,' 
ETTirrXoov,  'the  epiploon,'  and  op^a'Xos,  'the  navel.' 
Umbilical  hernia,  formed  by  scirrhous  epipiooa 
or  complicated  with  sarcoma. 

SARCOIIYDROCELE,  Ilydro-sarcocele. 

SARCOLEM'MA,  Sarcoh'ma,  from  rrnp^, 
'flesh,'  and  Xr/i/in,  'a  coat.'  The  sheath  which 
surrounds  the  fibrils  of  muscle  that  form  a  fibre. 
It  is  quite  distinct  from  the  areolar  membrane 
that  binds  tlie  fibres  into  fasciculi.  —  Bowman. 
See  Pervnii>^nim. 

SARCOLOGIA,  Myology. 


SARCOLOGY 


771 


SATYRIASIS 


SARCOL'OGl',  Sarcolog"ia,  from  aapl,  'flesh,' 
and  Aoyof,  'a  discourse.'  The  part  of  anatomy 
which  treats  of  the  soft  parts.  It  comprises  mj^- 
ology,  angiology,  neurology,  and  splanchnology. 
SARCO'MA,  Einphy'ma  Sarcoma,  Sarcom'a- 
tous  tumour,  Sareo'sin,  Porriis,  Sarcophy'ia,  Eesar- 
co'ma,  Exsarco'ma,  Tumor  car'nens,  Excrescen'tia 
carno'aa,  Pol'i/pna  carno'sus,  from  <rap|,  'flesh.' 
Any  species  of  exereseence  having  a  fleshy  con- 
sistence. 

Sarcoma,  CARcnroMATOiJS,  Scirrhus  —  s.  Cer- 
cosis,  see  Cercosis  —  s.  Epulis,  Epulis  —  s.  Mas- 
toid, Mammary  sarcoma  —  s.  Medullare,  see  En- 
cepbaloid  —  s.  Medullary  Eneephaloid,  Hasma- 
todes  fungus  —  s.  Pulpy,  Hrematodes  fungus  —  s. 
Scroti,  Sarcocele. 

Sarcoma,   Common  Vascular  or  Organized 
of  Abernethy,  Empliy'ma  Sarcoma    Vasculo'sum, 
is  vascular   throughout:    texture   simple:    when 
bulky,  napped  on  the  surface  with  arborescent 
veins.    Found  over  the  body  and  limbs  generally. 
SARCOMATEUX,  Sarcomatous. 
SARCOMATODES,  Sarcomatous. 
SARCOMATOSUS,  Sarcomatous. 
SARCOM'ATOUS,     Sarcomata' sus,    Sarcoma- 
to'des,  (F.)  Sarcomafenx.    Belonging  to,  or  having 
the  characters  of  sarcoma. 

SARCOMPHALUM,  Sarcomphalus. 
SARCOM'PHALTJS,  Sarcom'phnlum,  from 
vap^,   'flesh,'  and  on<lia\o;,  'the  navel.'     A  scir- 
rhous or  fleshy  tumour,  developed  at  the  navel. 
SARCOMYCES,  Sarcospongus. 
SARCOPHAGUS,  Carnivorous,  Catheretic. 
SARCOPHYIA,  Excrescence,  Sarcoma. 
SAB  COP  TE,  Acarus. 
SARCOPTES  SCABIEI,  see  Psora. 
SARCOPYO'DES,    from    (rap^,    'flesh,'    rn'ov, 
'pus,'  and  £i5o;,  'resemblance.'     Having  the  ap- 
pearance of  pus  mix^d  with  flesh.     An  epithet 
given  to  certain  excreted  matters,  and  particu- 
larly to  the  sputa  of  those  labouring  under  con- 
sumption. 

SARCO'SIS,  from  cap^,  'flesh.'  The  formation 
of  flesh.     Also,  sarcoma. 

Sarco'sis  Bdlbi,  ExopJithal'mia  fungo'sa  seu 
8nrcsm.at' ica.  A  fleshy  growth  from  the  lobe  of 
the  ".ye. 

SiKCOSis  Uteri,  Metrauxe. 
SARCOSPOXG'US,    Sarcomy'ces,    from    aap?,, 
'flesh,'  and  a-oyyog,  'fungus.'     A  fleshy  fungus. 
SARCOSTOSIS,  Osteo-sarcoma. 
SARCOTIC,  Incarnans. 

SARCOUS,  from  <xapl  'flesh.'  Of,  or  belong- 
ing to,  flesh  or  muscle  —  as  '  sarcous  tissue.' 

Sarcous  Elements,  Prim' Hive  par'tichs.  The 
elementary  particles,  which,  by  their  union,  form 
the  mass  of  muscular  fibre.  —  Bowman. 

SARDIASIS,  Canine  laugh,  Risus  sardonicus. 
SARDONIASIS,  Canine  laugh,  Risus  sardo- 
nicus. 

SARE,  Essera. 

SARRASIN,  Polygonum  fagopyrum. 
SARRETE,  Trismus  infantum. 
SARRIETTE,  Satureia  hortensis— s.  de  Crete, 
Satureia  capitata. 

SARSA,  Smilax  sarsaparilla. 
_  SARSAPARILLA,  Smilax  S.— s.  False,  Ara- 
lia  nudicaulis. 

Sarsaparil'la  German'ica,  Gramen  major, 
O.  ruhrurn,  Salsapnril' In  Germanica,  Cnrex  Are- 
na'ria,  (F.)  Zaiche,  L.  des  Sables,  Salsepareille 
d^AUemagne.  Family,  Cyperoideas.  Sex.  Syst. 
Moncecia  Triandria.  A  plant,  which  grows  plen- 
tifully on  the  sea-coasts  of  Europe.  It  has  been 
recommended  in  some  mucous  affections  of  the 
trachea,  iu  rheumatism,  gout,  &c. 


Sarsaparilla,  Indian,  Hemidesmus  Indicus. 

SARTAPARILLA,  Smilax  sarsaparilla. 

SARTO'RIUS,  from  sartor,  'a  tailor,'  because 
used  in  crossing  the  legs.  Suto'rius,  Lomjis'si- 
mus  Fem'oris,  Fascia'lis,  F.  Longus  seu  sulo'riiw, 
(F.)  Il'io-cresti-tibial,  Ilio-piretibial  (Ch.),  Coutu- 
rier. A  muscle,  situate  at  the  anterior  part  of 
the  thigh.  It  is  long,  small,  and  flattened,  and 
extends,  obliquely,  from  the  anterior  and  superioi 
spine  of  the  ilium  to  the  superior  and  inner  part 
of  the  tibia.  This  muscle  can,  also,  bend  the  pel- 
vis on  the  thigh,  and  conversely. 

SARX,  Flesh,  Pulp. 

SARZA,  Smilax  sarsaparilla. 

SASSAFRAS,  Laurus  sassafras  —  s.  Medulla, 
see  Laurus  sassafras — s.  Radieis  cortex,  see  Lau- 
rus sassafras — s.  Swamp,  Magnolia  glauca. 

SAT'ELLITE,  Satellea.  That  which  guards. 
That  which  is  placed  near. 

Satellite  Veins  are  those  that  accompany 
arteries. 

SATHE.  Penis. 

SATIES,  Satiety. 

SATIETAS,  Plesmone. 

SATI'ETY,  Sati'etas,  Satu'ritas,  Sa'ties,  Sa- 
tura'tio,  Pletlios,  Plesmone,  from  satiare  (itself 
from  satis,  'enough'),  '  to  give  enough.'  Disgust 
for  food  ;  commonly  produced  by  repletion. 

SATIX,  Lunaria  rediviva. 

SATURAXS,  Absorbent  (medicine). 

SATURATIO,  Satiety,  Saturation. 

SATURA'TION,' ^'a<»r«'<io,  from  satis, 
'  enough.'  The  state  of  a  compound  in  which  ita 
elements  are  combined  in  such  proportions  that 
a  fresh  quantity  of  either  cannot  be  added  with- 
out producing  excess. 

SATUREI'A  CAPITA'TA,  CiViated  Sa'vory, 
Thymus,  Thymus  sylves'lris  seu  capita' tus.  Thy- 
mus Cret'icvs,  Cuni'la,  (  F. )  Sarriette  de  Crete. 
Possesses  similar  properties  to  thyme. 

Saturei'a  Horten'sis,  Satureia,  S.  sati'va, 
Cuni'la  sativa  Plin'ii,  Thymbra,  Summer  Sa'- 
vory, (F. )  Sarriette.  Family,  Labiatse.  Sex. 
Syst.  Didynamia  G3-mnospermia.  An  aromatic 
plant,  cultivated  for  culinary  purposes.  It  has 
been  used,  as  an  excitant,  in  anorexia,  anaphro- 
disia,  &c. 

Satureia  Origanoides,  Cunila  mariana  —  s. 
Sativa,  S.  hortensis. 

SATURITAS,  Satietv. 

SATURNI  DULCEDO,  Plumbi  superacetas. 

SAT'URNIXE,  Saturni'nus,  from  saturnus, 
'lead.'     Containing  or  caused  by  lead. 

Sat'urnine  Breath.  The  peculiar  odour  of 
the  breath  in  one  labouriug  under  Saturnismus. 

SATURNISM'US,  Intoxica'tio  seu  Cachex'ia 
saturni'na,  from,  saturnus,  'lead.'  Poisoning  by 
lead;  lead-poisoning;  saturnine  cachexy. 

SATURN  US,  Plumbum. 

SATYRI'ASIS,  from  Ya-vpog,  'a  Satyr;'  be- 
cause the  Satyrs  are  said  to  have  been  greatly 
addicted  to  venery.  Satyrias'mua,'Satyris'mua, 
Priapis'mus,  Sal<ic"itas,  Brachu'na,  Aras'con, 
Satyri'asis  furens,  Lngne'sis  Salac"itas,  Lagnesia 
furor  masculi'niis,  Lagne'a,  Lagni'a,  Lagno'sia, 
Lasciv'in,  Lasciv'itas,  Tenti'go  vere'tri.  An  irre- 
sistible desire,  in  man,  to  have  frequent  con- 
nexion with  females,  accompanied  by  the  powef 
of  doing  so  without  exhaustion.  The  causes  are 
commonly  obscure.  Sometimes,  the  abuse  ot 
aphrodisiacs  has  occasioned  it.  The  principal 
symptoms  are  ; — almost  constant  erection  :  irro-- 
sistible  and  almost  insatiable  desire  for  venery; 
frequent  nocturnal  pollutions.  Cold  lotions;  the 
cold  bath;  a  mild  diet;  active  exercise,  <tc.,  aro 
the  only  means  that  can  be  adopted  for  its  t^- 
moval. 

Satyriasis  Furens,  Satyriasis. 


SATYRIASMUS 


772 


SCALE 


SATYRIASMUS,  Satyriasis. 
SATYRIOiST,  Orchis  mascula. 
SATYRISMUS,  Satyriasis. 
SATYRIUM,  Goodyera  pubescens. 

SAUCE-ALONE,  Alliaria. 

SAUCE,  GREEN,  Rumex  scutatus. 

SAUER  KRAUT  (G.),  '  sour  cabbage,'  (F.) 
C hou-croute.  A  culinary  preparation,  made  with 
chopped  cabbage,  left  to  attain  an  incipient  state 
of  acetous  fermentation.  It  is  reputed  by  the 
Germans  to  be  salubrious,  easy  of  digestion,  and 
eminently  antiscorbutic. 

SATJGE,  Salvia  —  s.  des  Bois,  Teucrium  scor- 
dium  —  s.  Grande,  Salvia  sclarea  —  s.  Hormin, 
Salvia  horminum  —  s.  de  Jerusalem,  Pulmonaria 
—  s.  Petite,  Salvia  —  s.  Sclaree,  Salvia  sclarea. 

SAULE,  Salix. 

SAUMUBE,  Muria. 

SAUNDERS,  RED,  Pterocarpus  santalinus— 
s.  Tree,  Pterocarpus  santalinus  —  s.  Yellow,  San- 
talum  album. 

SAURA,  Lizard. 

SAURU'RUS  CER'NUUS,  Lizard's  Tail.  In- 
digenous ;  Order,  Saururaceifi ;  flowering  in  June. 
It  has  been  used  in  lumbago. 

SAUSAGE  POISON,  Allantotoxicum. 

SA  UT,  Leap. 

SAVVE-VIE,  Asplenium  ruta  muraria. 

SAVEUR,  Savour. 

SAVINE,  Juniperus  sabina. 

SA  VINIER,  Juniperus  sabina. 

SAVON,  Sapo  —  s.  Ammoniacal,  Linimentum 
ammonise  fortius  —  s.  Cacao,  Sapo  coconeus  —  s. 
Oalcaire,  Linimentum  aquae  calcis — s.  Dur,  Sapo 
durus  —  s.  Medicinal,  Sapo  medicinalis  —  s.  Mou, 
Sapo  mollis  —  s.  Nuir,  Sapo  mollis. 

SAVONNIER  COMMUN,  Sapindus  sapo- 
naria. 

SA  VONULE,  Saponulus. 

SAVONULUS,  Saponulus. 

SAVORY,  CILIATED,  Satureia  capitata  — s. 
Summer,  Satureia  hortensis. 

SA'VOUR,  Sapor,  Taste,  (F.)  Saveur.  Quality 
of  bodies,  by  which  they  act  upon  the  sense  of 
taste.  Chymists,  at  times,  avail  themselves  of 
this  quality  to  analyze  an  unknown  substance. 

SA  VO  UBEUX,  Savoury. 

SA'VOURY,  Sap'idus,  (F.)  Savoureux.  An 
epithet  given  to  bodies  that  have  taste ;  and 
particularly  to  those  that  excite  a  very  agreeable 
impression  on  the  organ  of  taste. 

SAVOYAN,  Galium  verum. 

Sa!w,  Prion,  Serra,  (Da.)  Sawe,  (Sax.)rn5a, 
(F.)  Scie.  A  surgical  instrument,  made  like  a 
common  saw ;  and  used  for  sawing  the  bones  in 
amputations,  or  for  removing  exostoses,  &c.  Saws 
of  different  sizes  and  shapes  are  used  in  surgery. 
The  crown  of  the  trepan  is  nothing  more  than  a 
si^ecies  of  circular  saw. 

Saw,  Aifputa'tion,  Serra  amputato'ria.  The 
saw  used  in  amputation. 

Saw,  Hev's.  An  instrument  used  by  Mr.  Hey, 
of  Leeds,  in  fractures  of  the  cranium.  It  consists 
of  a  long  handle,  to  which  a  small  saw  with  a 
convex  or  straight  edge  is  attached,  and  by  which 
a  piece  of  bone  of  any  shape  may  be  removed. 
With  the  trephine,  the  saw  must  always  be  cir- 
cular. 

SAW  PALMETTO,  Chama3rops  serratula— a. 
Wort,  Liatris. 

SAXIFRAGA,  Pimpinella  saxifraga  —  s.  An- 
glica,  Peucedanum  silaus. 

Saxif'raga  Crassifo'lia.  Famihj,  Saxifra- 
ijesB.  Sex.  Si/St.  Decandria  Digynia.  The  root 
of  this  species  of  saxifrjige  has  been  extolled  by 
Pallas,  as  pre-eminently  antiseptic. 

Sa-TcfkaGa  Granula'ta,  S.  alba,  Sanic'ula, 


Sedum,  White  sax'ifrage,  (F.)  Saxifrage  granulie. 
Recommended  as  diuretic  and  litliont..iptic;  but 
not  used. 

Saxifraga  Rubra,  Spiraea  filipendula  —  s. 
Vulgaris,  Peucedanum  silaus. 

SAXIFRAGE,  BURNET,  Pimpinella  saxifraga 
— s.  Oranulee,  Saxifraga  granulata — s.  Meadow, 
Peucedanum  silaus  —  s.  White,  Saxifraga  gra- 
nulata. 

SAXIFRAGUS,  Lithontriptic. 

SAXON'ICUS  PULVIS.  A  powder,  prepared 
with  the  roots  of  the  wild  and  cultivated  ange- 
lica; the  asclepias  vincetoxicum,  kc  It  was 
considered  formerly  as  an  antidote. 

SCAB,  from.  Sca'bies,  and  scaSere,  'to  dig.'  An 
incrustation,  which  forms  upon  a  sore,  owing  to 
the  concretion  of  the  fluid  discharged  from  it. 
An  eschar. 

SCABBY  or  SCABBED.  Covered  or  diseased 
with  scabs. 

SCABIES,  Psora  —  s.  Agria,  Lichen  —  s.  Ca- 
pitis, Porrigo  lupinosa,  Porrigo  .scutulata — s. 
Capitis  favosa,  Porrigo  favosa  —  s.  Fera,  Ec- 
thyma. 

Sca'bies  Feei'na,  Itch  of  animals,  Mancje.  A 
cutaneous  disease,  which  affects  almost  all  do- 
mestic animals,  but  especially  the  horse,  sheep, 
dog,  and  cow.  It  is  said  to  have  been  transmitted 
to  man  ,•  but  this  is  questionable. 

Scabies  Feeina,  Psoriasis  —  s.  Papuliformis, 
Prurigo  —  s.  Sicca,  Lichen,  Psoriasis — s.  Venerea 
contagiosa,  Seherlievo. 

SO  ABIE  USE  ORDINAIRE,  Scabiosa. 

SCABIOLA,  Scabies. 

SCABIO'SA,  S.  arven'sis,  Tri'chera  arven'sis, 
Field  Sca'bioiis,  (F.)  Scubiexise  07'dinaire.  Fa- 
mily, Dipsacese.  Sex.  S^st.  Tetrandria  Monogy- 
nia.  The  plant  is  bitter  and  sub-astringent,  and 
was  formerly  used  in  the  cure  of  leprous  affec- 
tions and  diseased  lungs. 

Scabiosa  Arvensis,  Scabiosa — s.  Carduifolia, 
Echinops. 

Scabiosa  Succi'sa,  Suecisa,  S.  praten'sis,Aste- 
roeejih'aliia  suecisa,  Morsus  Diab'oli,  Devil's  bit, 
(F.)  Ilors  du  Diable,  has  similar  properties. 

SCABIOUS,  Erigeron  Philadelphicum  —  s. 
Field,  Scabiosa — s.  Sweet,  Erigeron. heterophyl- 
lum. 

SCABISH,  CEnothera  biennis. 

SCABRITIES,  Lichen. 

SCALA,  '  a  ladder.'  A  machine  formerly  used 
for  reducing  dislocations  of  the  humerus. 

ScALiE  OF  THE  Coch'lea,  Gyri  seu  Ductus  spi- 
ra'les  seu  Cana'lcs  cochlecB,  ( F.  )  Rampes  ou 
Echelles  du  Limaron  —  are  the  cavities  in  the 
cochlea,  separated  from  each  other  by  the  spiral 
sej)tum.  The  one  —  Scala  inter' na  seu  poste'rior 
seu  inferior  coch'lecB,  S.  tym'2:>ani  —  would  com- 
municate with  the  cavitas  tympani  by  the  fenes- 
tra rotunda,  were  it  not  for  the  membrane  tliat 
closes  it.  The  other  —  Scala  exier'na  seu  antc'- 
rior  seu  snp)erior  coch'lem,  S.  vestib'uli — opens 
into  the  cavity  of  the  vestibule.  The  sealiB  com- 
municate with  each  other  by  an  opening  at  the 
top  of  the  partition. 

Scala  Anterior  Cochlejb,  see  Scala  —  a. 
Clausa,  see  Scala — s.  Externa  cochleae,  sec  Scala 
— s.  Inferior  cochlete,  see  Scala— s.  Interior  coch- 
leae, see  Scala  —  s.  Posterior  cochlea?,  see  Scala 
—  s.  Superior  cochleae,  see  Scala  —  s.  Tympani, 
see  Cochlea,  and  Scala — s.  Vestibuli,  see  Coch- 
lea, and  Scala. 

SCALE,  Sax.  fcale,  from  fcj'lan,  'to  divide, 
separate;'  (G.)  Schale,  '  shell,  peel ;'  schalen, 
'to  shell,  to  peel.'  Squama,  Lcpis,  (F.)  Escaille, 
Ecaille.  An  opake  and  thickened  lamina  of 
cuticle;  commonly  produced  by  some  degree  of 


SCALENE 


773 


SCAPHOID 


inflammation  of  tlie  true  skiu,  over  which  it  is 
formed. 

Scale,  Dry,  Psoriasis. 

SCALENE  ANTERIEUR,  Scalenus  anticus 
— g.  Post&riew,  Scalenus  posticus. 

SCALE'NUS,  'irregular  or  unequal.'  Geo- 
meters employ  this  word  to  designate  a  triangle 
whose  three  sides  are  unequal.  Anatomists  have 
given  the  name  to  two  muscles.  1.  Scalenus 
Anti'cus,  Portion  of  the  Costo-trachelian  (Ch.), 
(F.)  Scalene  anterieur,  is  situate  at  the  internal 
and  inferior  parts  of  the  neck.  It  is  long  and 
triangular ;  and  is  inserted,  below,  at  the  upper 
surface  of  the  first  rib;  and,  above,  at  the  ante- 
rior tubercle  of  the  transverse  processes  of  the 
3d,  4th,  5th,  and  6th  cervical  vertebras.  This 
muscle  bends  the  neck,  and  draws  it  to  its  side. 
It  can  also  raise  the  first  rib.  2.  Scalenus  Pos- 
Tl'cus,  (F.)  Scalene  posterienr,  Portion  of  the 
Oosto-trachelian  (Ch.),  is  situate  behind  the  last. 
It  is,  also,  long  and  triangular ;  but  more  bulky 
than  the  S.  anticus.  It  is  attached,  below,  to  the 
outer  surface  of  the  first  two  ribs ;  and  terminates, 
above,  at  the  summit  of  the  transverse  processes 
of  the  last  six  vertebra  of  the  neck.  This  mus- 
cle bends  the  neck  laterallj',  and  can  elevate  the 
first  two  ribs.  Some  anatomists,  as  Albinus  and 
Sommering,  have  described  five  scaleni  muscles 
on  each  side,  and  have  called  them  Scalenus  prior, 
S.  min'imus,  S.  latera'lis,  S.  me'dius,  S.posti'ciis. 
Riolan  and  Chaussier  only  describe  one  scalenus 
muscle  on  each  side.  Cowper  and  Douglas,  and 
the  generality  of  the  English  anatomists,  admit 
three,  >S'.  anti'cus,  me'dius,  und  posti'cus ;  or,  ^Jr^- 
mus,  seeuu'dus,  and  ter'tius ;  Winslow,  Boyer,  and 
many  of  the  French  anatomists,  —  two,  as  above 
described. 

SCALING — same  etymon  as  Scale — in  dentis- 
try, is  an  operation,  wliich  consists  in  removing 
the  tartar  from  the  teeth. 

SCALL,  Impetigo — s.  Asbestos,  see  Eczema  of 
the  hairy  scalp  —  s.  Dry,  Psoriasis — s.  Honey- 
comb, Porrigo  favosa — s.  Milky,  Porrigo  larvalis 
— s.  Running,  Impetigo — s.  Ptunning,  Eczema — 
S.  Washerwoman's,  Psoriasis  difl'usa.. 

SCALLED  HEAD,  Porrigo  scutulata.      . 

SCALP,  Teut.  S  c  h  e  1  p  e  ,  '  a  shell.'  The  in- 
teguments covering  the  head.  The  hairy  scalp 
is  called,  also,  Capillit"ium,  Tricho'ton,  (F.)  Che- 
velnre. 

SCALPEL,  Scalpel' lum,  Scalpel'lus,  Culter, 
Inciso'rium,  Smi'leon;  from  sealpo,  'I  rasp,  I 
cut.'  A  cutting  instrument,  formed  of  a  blade 
of  well-tempered  steel,  very  sharp,  of  variable 
shape  and  size,  and  fixed  solidly  in  a  handle.  Its 
use  is  to  divide  the  soft  parts  in  operations,  dis- 
section, <fee. 

SCALPELLUM,  Scalpel— s.  Lentieulare,  Pha- 
copis. 

SCALPELLUS,  Bisfouri,  Scalpel. 

SCALPEUM,  Bistouri. 

SCALPPtUM,  Raspatorium — s.  Chirurgicum, 
Lancet. 

Scalpruji  Denta'riujt,  Lima  denta'ria,  A 
tooth-file.     A  file  used  by  the  dentist. 

Scalprum  Pi,ASORiujr,  Raspatorium. 

SCALY,  Squamous. 

Scaly  Diseases  or  SquaMjE,  Lepido'ses,  form 
the  second  order  in  Willan  and  Bateman's  system 
of  cutaneous  diseases. 

SCAMMA,  Fossa. 

SCA3I3I0NEE  B'ALEP,  Convolvulus  seam- 
monia. 

SCAMMONIUM,  see  Convolvulus  seammonia 
■^s.  Syriacum,  Convolvulus  seammonia. 

SCAMMONY,  Convolvulus  seammonia — s.  of 
Montpellier,  Cynanchum  Monspeliacum. 


SCAMN0X  HIPPOC'RATIS,  Bath-on  Hippo, 
cruti'on  of  Galen,  (F.)  Banc  d'Hippocrate.  A 
machine  invented  by  Hippocrates  for  reducing 
fractures.  It  was  a  sort  of  bed,  six  feet  long,  on 
which  the  patient  was  fixed.  Straps  were  at- 
tached above  and  below  the  fracture  or  luxation, 
and  extension  and  counter-extension  were  effected 
by  a  winch.  It  is  described  in  Galen,  Oribasius, 
Scultetus,  &o.     See  Bathron. 

SCANDIX,  S.  cerefolium. 

ScANDix  BuLBOCASTANUM,  Bunium  bulbocas- 
tanum. 

ScANDix  Cerefo'lium,  Scandia;  Scandt/x, 
Pecten  Ven'eris,  Cerefolium,  Baucus  Seprin'ius, 
Chmrophyl'lum,  Ch.  Sati'vum  seu  Cerefo'lium, 
Anthris'cus  cerefolium,  Chmrefo'lium,  Chervil, 
(F.)  Cerfeuil.  Family,  UmbelliferEe.  Sex.  Syat. 
Pentandria  Digynia.  A  culinary  herb,  which  is 
slightly  aromatic  and  grateful.  It  is  said  to  be 
gently  aperient  and  diuretic. 

ScANDix  Odora'ta,  Sweet  Cic"ely.  Properties 
the  same  as  the  other.  Also,  ChEerophyllum 
odoratum. 

SCANDULARIUS  MUSCULUS,  Parathenar, 
Transversus  pedis. 

SCANDYX,  Scandix  cerefolium. 

SC APHA,  Scaphus,  '  a  skiff  or  cock-boat,'  from 
oKa-RTiii,  'I  make  hollow.'  The  excavation  or 
cavity  of  the  external  ear,  between  the  helix  and 
anthelix.  The  meatus  auditorius  externus.  The 
rima  vulvffi.  Also  the  name  of  a  bandage  for  the 
head,  mentioned  by  Galen,  and  called,  "likewise, 
Tholus  Biocle'ns. 

SCAPHIA,  Nates. 

SCAPHION,  Cranium,  Papaver  (Capsule). 

SCA'PHIUM  OCULA'RE,  Pelvis  Ocula'ris, 
Eye-glass,  (P.)  Bassin  oculaire.  Condole  oculaire, 
(Eilliere.  A  small  porcelain,  glass  or  metallic 
vessel,  used  for  applying  lotions  to  the  eye. 

SCAPHO  -  CARPO  -  SUPER-  PHALANGEUS 
POLLICIS,  Abductor  pollieis  brevis. 

SCAPHOID,  Scaphoi'des,  from  <TKa(f>v,  'a  skiff,' 
and  £(<5oj,  '  form.'     A  name  given  to  several  parts. 

Scaphoid  Fossa,  Fossa  Scaphoi'des,  (F.)  En- 
foncement  Scapho'ide.  A  small  cavity  at  the 
upper  part  of  the  internal  ala  of  the  pterygoid 
process,  in  which  the  peristaphylinus  internus  is 
attached. 

Scaphoid  Bone  of  the  Hand,  0?  Scaphoides 
Mantis,  Os  navictda're,  Os  cymhifor'me.  Boat-like 
lone,  (F.)  Scapho'ide  de  la  main.  The  first  bone 
of  the  first  row  of  the  carpus.  The  upper  sur- 
face is  convex,  and  articulated  with  the  radius. 
The  under  and  outer  surfaces  are  also  convex, — 
to  be  articulated  with  the  trapezium  and  trape- 
zoides.  Between  the  upper  and  under  cartilagi- 
nous surfaces  there  is  a  rough  fossa  for  the  inser- 
tion of  the  capsular  ligament.  The  anterior  and 
inner  surface  has  an  oval  cavity,  where  it  is  arti- 
culated with  the  OS  magnum,  which  gives  namo 
to  the  bone.  There  is  a,  process  on  the  outer  end 
of  the  bone,  for  the  attachment  of  part  of  the  an- 
terior transverse  ligament  of  the  wrist. 

Scaphoid  Bone  of  the  Foot,  Os  Scaphoides 
Pedis,  Os  vavieula're,  Os  cymhifor'me,  Boat-likt, 
hone,  (F.)  Scapho'ide  du  Pied.  This  bone  is  si- 
tuate at  the  forepart  of  the  astragalus  and  inner 
part  of  the  foot.  The  posterior  surface  forms  a 
cavity,  somewhat  like  that  of  a  boat,  for  receiving 
the  head  of  the  astragalus.  There  is  a  promi- 
nence at  the  inner  side  of  the  bone,  for  the  inser- 
tion of  tendons,  muscles,  and  strong  ligaments. 
The  forepart  of  the  bone  is  convex,  and  divided 
into  three  articular  surfaces  for  articulation  with 
the  ossa  cuneiformia.  Between  the  os  naviculare 
and  astragalus,  the  foot  has  its  principal  lateral 
and  rotary  motions ;  although  each  of  the  orhef 


SCAPHOIDE 


in 


SCAELATINA 


joints  of  the  tarsus  contribntes  a  little.     Part  of 
the  tibialis  posticus  is  inserted  into  it. 

SOAPHOlDE  BE  LA  MAIN,  Os  seaphoides 
manHs — s.  du  Pied.  Os  seaphoides  pedis. 

SCAPHOiDO-ASTRAG'ALAN,  Seaphoido- 
astragala'nus.  That  which  relates  to  the  sca- 
phoid bone  and  astragalus.  The  articulation  of 
these  bones  is  so  called;  and  the  ligament  which 
strengthens  it  is  termed  the  Scaphoido-astragalan 
ligament. 

SCAPHOIDO-CUBOID,  Scaphoido-cuboidce'- 
1IS.  That  which  relates  to  the  scaphoid  and  cu- 
boid bones.  The  articulation  of  those  bones  is 
80  called. 

SCAPHULA,  Navicularis  fossa. 

SCAPHUS,  Auditory  canal,  external,  Ptima 
vulvas,  Scapha. 

SCAP'ULA,  Scap'ulum,  Plata,  Omopla'ta,  Ho- 
rnop>lata,  Scop>'txda,  Epino'tion,  Latitn'do  hu'meri, 
Omop'late,  Os  latum  hu'meri,  Scutum  tTiora'cis 
seu  cordis,  Spath'ula,  Pteryg'ium,  Chelo'nium, 
Spat'ula;  the  Blade-hone,  the  Shoulder-blade, 
(F.)  Omoplate.  An  irregular,  broad,  flat  bone, 
of  a  triangular  shape,  situate  at  the  posterior  part 
of  the  shoulder.  It  has,  1.  A  posterior  or  dorsal 
surface  or  Dorsum,  Testu'do  seap'ula,  divided 
transversely  into  two  parts,  by  a  triangular  pro- 
cess, called  Spine  of  the  Scapula;  which  termi- 
nates by  a  considerable  eminence,  called  Acro- 
mion. Above  the  spine,  is  the  Fossa  supira-spi- 
nata  ;  below  it,  the  P.  infra-spinata.  2.  An  an- 
terior or  costal  surface,  or  venter,  forming  the 
Fossa  subscapularis.  3.  A  supjerior  or  cervical 
edge,  which  is  thin,  and  terminates,  anteriorly,  by 
a  strong,  curved  apophysis,  called  the  coracoid 
process.  4.  A  posterior  or  vertebral  edge,  called, 
also,  the  base.  5.  An  outer  or  axillari/  or  infe- 
rior edge,  having  a  thick,  truncated  angle,  in 
which  is  the  glenoid  cavity.  AVith  this  is  articu- 
lated the  head  of  the  humerus.  The  glenoid 
cavity  is  separated  from  the  body  of  the  bone  by 
a  narrower  part,  called  the  cervix  or  neck.  The 
edges  or  margins  are,  also,  called  costcB.  The 
scapula  has  three  angles — an  inferior,  superior, 
and  anterior. 

Scapula,  Humerus. 

ScAPULJE  Nasi,  Partes  latera'les  nasi.  The 
lateral  parts  of  the  nose. 

SCAPULAL'GIA,-  from  scapula,  'the  shoul- 
der-blade,' and  a^yos,  'pain.'  Arthralgia  of  the 
shoulder-joint. 

SCAP'ULAR,  Scap'xdary,  Scapula' ris,  from 
scapula,  '  the  shoulder-blade.'  That  which  re- 
lates or  belongs  to  the  scapula. 

Scapular  Aponeuro'sis.  A  broad,  thin  apo- 
neurosis, with  decussating  fibres ;  which  is  at- 
tached, above,  to  the  spine  of  the  scapula;  below, 
to  a  crest  between  the  teres  major  and  infra-spi- 
natus;  within,  to  the  spinal  edge  of  the  scapula; 
and  which,  at  its  middle,  unites  with  the  thin 
aponeurosis  that  covers  a  part  of  the  external 
surface  of  the  deltoid. 

Scapular  Arteries.  These  are  several. 
n.  The  Superior  scapular.  Superficial  scapular 
of  Sommering,  Dorsa'lis  scapulcB  superior,  Trans- 
versa'lis  scapula,  T.  Hu'meri.  This  arises  from 
the  subclavian ;  and  often  from  the  inferior  thy- 
roid, or  from  a  trunk  common  to  it  and  the  ^;os- 
terior  scapular  or  transverse  scapular  or  cervical. 
It  passes  behind  the  clavicle,  above  the  superior 
I'.dge  of  the  scapula,  and  buries  itself  between  the 
dorsal  surface  of  that  bone  and  the  muscles  in- 
serted into  it.  b.  The  inferior  scapular  or  com- 
mon scapular  or  internal  scapular  or  subscapular 
tirtety,  A.  Thorac"ica  axilla'ris  vel  ala'ris,  is  of 
considerable  size.  It  arises  from  the  inferior  part 
of  the  axillary  artery,  behind  the  brachial  plexus 
-  -gives  ofi  severa'  branches   to  the  armpit,  and 


divides  into  two  branches  : — the  one,  Scapula' rig 
interna,  and  the  smaller  of  the  two,  is  distribu- 
ted, almost  entirely,  to  the  serratus  major  anli- 
cus,  and  latissimus  dorsi ;  the  other,  the  larger 
of  the  two,  the  Dorsa'lis  Scapt'ulce  inferior  vel 
Circumflex' a  Scapulu'ris,  which  distributes  its 
branches  to  the  subscapular  and  supra-spinal, 
and  infra-spinal  regions. 

Scapular  Notch,  see  Notch,  scapular. 
Scapular  Veins  follow  the  same  course  as  the 
arteries,  which  thev  accompany. 
SCAPULARE,  .Scapulary. 

SCAP'ULARY,  Scapula're,  Fascia  Scopula'- 
ris,  from  scapula.  A  broad,  linen  bandage,  divi- 
ded into  two  tails  for  three  quarters  of  its  length, 
the  undivided  extremity  of  which  is  attached  to 
the  posterior  and  middle  part  of  a  bandage  car- 
ried round  the  body;  the  tails  passing  over  the 
shoulders;  and  being  attached  to  the  anterior 
part  of  the  body  bandage,  to  prevent  it  from 
slipping  down. 

SCAP'ULO-IIU'MERAL.  An  epithet  given 
to  the  shoulder-joint.  It  is  an  orbicular  articula- 
tion, resulting  from  the  reception  of  the  head  of 
the  humerus  into  the  glenoid  cavity  of  the  sca- 
pula. To  keep  the  bones  in  connexion,  there 
are  :  1.  A  very  strong,  conoidal  capsular  liga- 
ment; passing  from  the  circumference  of  the  gle- 
noid cavity  around  the  neck  of  the  humerus.  2. 
A  fibro-cartilaginous  ring,  called  the  glenoid  liga- 
ment, and  a  synovial  capsule. 

SCAPUL0-HU3IFRAL,  Teres  major— «.^»- 
mero-oleeranien,  Triceps  extensor  cubiti — s.  Hy- 
o'idien,  Omohyoideus  —  s.  Radial,  Biceps  flexor 
cubiti — s.  Trochiterien,  qrand,  Infra-spinatus. 

SCAPUS,  Penis,  see  JSair. 

SCAR,  Cicatrix. 

Scar,  Seam.  To  mark  with  a  cicatrix  or 
seam. 

SCARABiEO'LUS  HEMISPH^RICUS,  Coc- 
cus cacti. 

SCAR'BOROUGH,  MINERAL  "WATERS  OF. 
Scarborough  Spa.  A  celebrated  English  chaly- 
beate, at  Scarborough,  in  Yorkshire.  One  of  the 
springs  is  a  simple,  carbonated  chalybeate,  like 
that  of  Tunbridge  :  the  other  has  an  admixture 
of  purging  salt.  Scarborough,  having  the  addi- 
tional advantage  of  sea-bathing,  is  much  fre- 
quented by  invalids. 

SCARDAMYG'MUS,  Scardamyx'is,  (F.)  dig- 
nernent,  from  aKapia/jivaauv,  'to  wink.'  Winking, 
nictation. 

SCARIFICA'TION,  Scarifca' tio  (Galen,) 
Amyx'is,  Schasis,  Catacas'mus,  Catachas'mus, 
Amyg'mus,  Schasmus,  Encharax'is,  from  oKapKpaO' 
jxai,  '  to  make  a  slight  scratch.'  The  act  of  sca- 
rifj'ing.  Also,  a  small  incision,  Am'yche,  made 
into  the  skin  with  a  lancet,  bistoury,  or  scarifica- 
tor, for  different  therapeutical  purposes, —  as  to 
draw  blood,  or  to  discharge  some  efi'used  fluid. 
When  the  scarifications  are  very  superficial,  and 
do  not  go  farther  than  the  skin,  they  are  termed 
by  the  French,  Mouchetures. 

SCARIFICA'TOR,  Scarificato'rium,  Schaste'- 
rium.  An  instrument  for  making  scarifications. 
It  consists  of  a  small  brass  box,  of  a  cubical 
shape,  in  which  10  or  12  lancet  points  turn  upon 
a  common  pivot.  By  means  of  a  spring,  all  these 
blades  can  be  made  to  issue  at  once,  and  make 
as  manv  scarifications. 

SCARIFICATORIUM,  Scarificator. 

SCARIOLA,  Cichorium  endivia,  Lactuca  sca- 
riola. 

SCARIOLE,  Cichorium  endivia. 

SCARLATA,  Scarlatina. 

SCARLATI'NA,  from  scarlatto  (I.),  'a  deep 
red.'  Scarlatn,  Enanihe'sis  Rosa'lia,  Rosa'lia, 
lioasa'lia,   R.  squamo'sa,  Rosa'licB,  Rube'ola,  of 


SCARLATINOUS 


r75 


SCHIZATPtlCHIA 


gome,  Morhil'li  ig'nei,  M.  confluen'tei,  Morhna 
scarlaihw'sus,  Febris  scarlatina' sa,  Gut'Utris  mor- 
hns  epidem'icus  Forest'i,  Pur'pura,  Typhus  scar- 
lati'nus,  Febris  rubra,  Scarlet  Fever,  Jiash-fever, 
Porphyris'mus,  Porphyrin' ma,  (F.)  Fievre  range, 
F.  pourpree.  The  characteristic  symptoms  of 
scarlatina  are  : — a  scarlet  flush,  appearing  about 
the  second  day  of  fever  on  the  face,  neek,  and 
fauces ;  and  progressively  spreading  over  the 
body;  terminating  about  the  7th  day.  Two  great 
varieties  may  be  reckoned;  —  the  S.  simplex,  S. 
febris,  S.  beniij'na,  S.  sine  angi'nd,  in  which  the 
fever  is  moderate  and  terminates  with  the  efflo- 
rescence ;  prostration  of  strength  being  trifling, 
and  the  contagious  property  slight; — and  the  /S. 
Angino'sa,  S.  Paristhmit'ica,  S.  Cynanch'ica,  S. 
mit"ior,  in  which  the  fever  is  severe ;  the  throat 
ulcerated;  the  eruption  later  in  its  appearance, 
and  less  extensive ;  often  changing  to  a  livid 
hue;  the  fever  being  highly  contagious.  Scarla- 
ti'na  malig'na,  S.  gra'vior,  has  been  reckoned  a 
variety  of  this,  in  its  worst  degree.  It  agrees 
■with  the  Cynancho  maligna  of  Cullen. 

Scarlatina  belongs  to  the  3/aJor  exanthemata, 
and  is  a  disease,  chiefly,  of  children.  The  eruption 
differs  from  that  of  measles.in  being  an  efflorescence 
not  raised  above  the  cuticle.  Measles,  too,  is  at- 
tended with  catarrhal  symptoms,  whilst  the  com- 
plication, in  scarlatina,  is  cynanche.  The  treat- 
ment of  simple  scarlatina  need  not  be  much.  It 
must  be  antiphlogistic.  If  the  throat  be  very 
much  ulcerated,  acid  gargles  and  counter-irri- 
tants must  be  employed ;  and  if  the  affection  be- 
come manifestly  typhoid,  and  the  sore  throat  of 
a  malignant  character,  the  case  must  be  treated 
like  typhus  gravior ;  with  antiseptic  gargles  of 
bark,  acid,  &c.  Anasarca  sometimes  supervenes 
on  scarlatina,  and  requires  attention  Purgatives 
are  here  demanded  as  well  as  the  use  of  sorbefa- 
cients,  such  as  mercury  and  squill,  &c. 

ScARLATis"A  Angisosa,  See  Scarlatina — s.  Be- 
nigna,  see  Scarlatina  —  s.  Cynanchica,  see  Scar- 
latina— s.  Febris,  see  Scarlatina — s.  Gravior,  see 
Scarlatina  —  s.  Miliaris,  Rubeola  —  s.  Mitior,  see 
Scarlatina — s.  Paristhmitica,  see  Scarlatina  —  s. 
Pustulosa,  Rubeola  —  s.  Rheumatica,  Dengue  — 
s.  sine  Angina,  see  Scarlatina — s.  Urticata,  Urti- 
caria. 

SCARLATI'NOUS,  Searlati'nal,  Scarlatino'- 
SMS.     Relating  or  appertaining  to  scarlatina. 

SCARLET  BERRY,  Solanum  dulcamara. 

SCARLET  FEVER,  Scarlatina. 

SCATACRASIA,  Scoracrasia. 

SCATACRATIA,  Scoracrasia. 

SCELAL'GIA,  from  ckz^oi;,  'the  leg,'  and 
cXyof,  'pain.'     Pain  of  the  leg. 

vScELALGiA  Antica,  Neuralgia  femoro-pretibi- 
alis  —  s.  Postica,  Neuralgia  femoro-poplitea  —  s. 
Puerperarum,  Phlegmatia  dolens. 

SCELETEU'SIS.  Mummification.  Also,  the 
mode  of  making  a  skeleton,  Skeletopoe'a,  Syn- 

SCELETOLOGIA,  Skeletology, 

SCELETON,  Skeleton. 

SCELETOPCEA,  Sceleteusis. 

SCELETUM,  Skeleton— s.  Artificiale,  see  Ske- 
leton—  s.  Naturale,  see  Skeleton. 

SCELONCUS,  Phlegmatia  dolens. 

SCELORPiHEU'MA,  Pheumatis'mus  cruris, 
from  (jKsXos,  '  the  leg,'  and  gevfia,  '  deflusion, 
rheumatism.'     Rheumatism  of  the  leg. 

SCELOS,  Leg. 

SCELOTYRBE,  Chorea,  Porphyra  natitica  — 
s.  Febrilis,  see  Subsultus  tendinum — s.  Festinans, 
Paralvsis  agitans  — s.  Tarantismus,  Chorea. 

SCEPAliNON,  Amnios,  Aseia. 

SCEPASTERIUM,  Couvreche/. 


SCEPASTRUM,  Couvrechcf. 

SCEPTRUM,  Penis. 

SCHASIS.  Scarification. 

SCHASMUS,  Scarification. 

SCHASTERION,  Fleam,  Lancet,  Scarificator. 

SCIIEBA  ARABUM,  Artemisia  santonica. 

SCHERBET',  Sherbet',  Serbet',  Tscherbet',  Sor- 
be'thum,  Sorhct'tum,  Sorbe'ium.  A  drink  prepared 
by  the  Turks,  Persians,  &c.,  with  sugar  and  the 
juice  of  acid  fruits. 

SCHERLIEVO,  Mai  di  Scherlievo,  Mai  di 
Breno,  Mai  di  Fiume,  Margaretizza,  Morbus  Cro- 
atus,  Frambce.'sia  Plyr'ica,  31.  fluminien'sis,  Fal- 
eadina,  Malo  di  Scarlievo,  Scabies  venerea  con- 
tagio'sa.  A  name  given  to  a  particular  form  of 
syphilis,  observed  in  Illyria.  It  is  said  to  be 
capable  of  being  communicated  without  imme- 
diate contact;  and,  that  its  principal  symptoms 
are:- — pains  in  the  bbnes,  ulceration  of  the  fauces, 
pustules,  and  fungous  growths  in  different  parts 
of  the  bodv. 

SCHERO'MA.  A  dryness  of  the  eye  from  the 
want  of  lachrymal  secretion.  —  Dictionaries. 

SCHIAS,  Neuralgia  femoro-poplitaea. 

SCHIDAKE'DON,  Schidace'dum,  Schindace'- 
dum,  Schindal'amua,  Schindal'mus,  from  o-ki^uj, 
'  I  cleave.'  A  longitudinal  fracture  of  a  bone.  — 
Galen. 

SCIIINDACEDUM,  Schidakedon. 

SCHINDALAMUS,  Schidakedon,Schindylesi3. 

SCHINDALESIS,  Schindylesis. 

SCHINDALMUS,  Schidakedon,  Schindylesis. 

SCHINDYLE'SIS,  Schindale'sis,  Schindal'a- 
7)1118,  Schindal'mus.  An  articulation  of  bones  — 
by  furrowing,  as  it  were;  as  in  that  of  the  vomer, 
which  constitutes,  in  part,  the  septum  narium. 
Also,  the  act  of  splitting  into  small  pieces;  from 
e-x^ivSv'Xeit),  '1  split  into  small  pieces.  —  Hippo- 
crates. 

SCHINEL^'ON,  from  trxtvoj,  'the  mastic 
tree,'  and  tXaiov,  'oil;'  Oleum  lentis' cimim,.  Oil 
of  mastic.  —  Dioseorides. 

SCHINOCEPHALUS,  Scillocephalus. 

SCHINOS,  Scilla. 

SCHINZNACH  or  HAPSBURG,  MINERAL 
WATERS  OF.  These  springs  are  situate  three 
leagues  from  Baden,  and  are  amongst  the  most 
celebrated  bathing-places  in  Switzerland.  The 
waters  are  of  the  saline  sulphurous  kind;  and 
have  a  high  reputation  in  cutaneous  and  rheu- 
matic affections,  visceral  obstructions,  and  glan- 
dular enlargements.  They  contain  sulphate  of 
lime,  sulphate  of  soda,  chloride  of  sodium,  chlo- 
ride of  magnesium,  sulphate  of  magnesia,  sul- 
phate of  lime,  carbonate  of  magnesia,  and  oxide  of 
iron  ;  sulphohydric  acid,  and  carbonic  acid  gases. 

SCHISMA,'  Fissure,  Rima. 

SCHISTOCEPH'ALUS,  from  .r^KTrof,  'cleft, 
separated,'  and  K£(pa\Tj,  'head.'  A  monster  having 
some  part  of  the  head  cleft  or  fissured.  —  Gurlt. 

SCHISTOCOR'MUS,  from  axc(rros,  'cleft,  sepa- 
rated,' and  Kopfxos,  'trunk.'  A  monster  having 
some  part  of  the  trunk  cleft  or  fissured.  —  Gurlt. 

SCHISTOJiI'ELUS,  from  cxi<^-os,  'cleft,  sepa- 
rated, and  licXo;,  'a  limb.'  A  monster  whoso 
limbs  are  fissured. 

SCHISTORRHACHIS,  Hydrorachis. 

SCHISTOSO'MUS,  from  (rxicro;,  'cleft,'  ana 
cwna,  '  body.'  A  malformation  of  the  abdomen, 
in  which  the  fissure  and  eventration  extend  over 
the  entire  length  of  the  abdomen  ;  the  lower  ex 
tremities  being  al)sent,  or  very  little  developed, 
so  that  the  body  appears  as  if  truncated  infe- 
riorly.  — Vogel. 

SCniZA,'Rima,  Rima  vulvas. 

SCIIIZATRICH'IA.    Trichoa'cMsia,    ScJiiso- 


SCHLANGENBAD 


(76 


SCINCUS 


trich'ia,  from  (rx^^a,  '  a  eleffc,'  '  a  split,'  and  Opi^, 
'  a  hair.'  The  splitting  of  the  hairs  at  their  ex- 
tremities.—  J.  P.  Frank. 

SCHLANGENBAD,  MINERAL  WATERS 
OF.  Schlangenbad  is  a  much-frequented  water- 
ing-place in  Germany.  The  waters  contain  a 
little  carbonic  acid,  and  carbonate  of  soda.  Tem- 
perature 86°  Fahrenheit. 

SCHNEIDERIAN  MEMBRANE,  Pituitarj' 
membrane. 

SCHCENANTHUS,  Juncus  odoratus. 

SCHOLA,  School. 

SCHOLLERA  OXYCOCCOS,  Vaccinium  oxy- 
eoccos. 

^SCHOOL,  ^cAoZa.  A  place  of  education.  (F.) 
Ikole.  In  Europe  the  large  Medical  Schools  are 
usually  attached  to  the  universities.  In  England, 
however,  there  has  been  np  medical  school  of 
celebrity  at  either  of  the  universities  of  Oxford 
or  Cambridge  ;  owing  greatly  to  their  provincial 
situation.  Of  late,  two  schools  have  existed  in 
London,  attached  to  the  London  University  — 
University  College  and  King's  College.  Excel- 
lent private  schools  have,  however,  long  existed 
in  that  metropolis.  The  medical  schools  of  Eu- 
rope which  have  been  most  celebrated,  are  those 
of  Edinburgh,  Leyden,  Berlin,  Halle,  Tubingen, 
Paris,  Montpellier,  Bologna,  Padua,  Pavia,  and 
Pisa.  In  the  United  States,  the  medical  schools 
are  numerous  ,•  at  this  time  not  fewer  than  30  or 
40.  Those  most  numerously  attended,  are  the 
medical  department  of  the  University  of  Penn- 
sylvania, Jeiferson  Medical  College  of  Philadel- 
phia, the  University  of  the  City  of  New  York, 
and  the  Louisville  Medical  Institute. 

SCIIOOLEY'S  MOUNTAIN,  MINERAL 
WATERS  OF.  The  waters  of  this  New  Jersey 
Spring  are  chalybeate.  According  to  Dr.  McNe- 
viu,  they  contain  extractive,  chloride  of  sodium, 
chloride  of  calcium,  chloride  of  magnesium,  car- 
bonate of  lime,  sulphate  of  lime,  carbonate  of 
mao-nesia,  silex,  and  carbonate,  and  oxide  of  iron. 

SCHORBUTUS,  Purpura. 

SCHOUSB^A  COCCINEA,  Cacoucia  cocci- 
nea. 

SCHWALBACH,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Schwalbach  is  a  town  of,  Germany,  seated  on  the 
Aa,  32  miles  west  of  Frankfort.  The  waters  con- 
tain chloride  of  sodium,  carbonates  of  lime  and 
magnesia,  iron,  sulphate  of  lime,  carbonic  acid, 
oxygen,  &c.     Employed  as  a  tonic. 

SCHWANN,  WHITE  SUBSTANCE  OF,  see 
Substance,  white,  of  Schwann. 
^  SCHWENDECK,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
These  waters  are  about  5  leagues  from  Miinich, 
in  Bavaria.  They  contain  carbonic  acid;  carbo- 
nate and  sulphate  of  lime,  chloride  of  calcium; 
chloride  of  magnesium;  carbonate  of  soda,  and 
oxide  of  iron,  and  are  much  used  for  cutaneous 
Sififections. 

SCIAT'IC,  Tschiat'ic,  Ischiat'icits,  Sciat'icns, 
from  laxiov,  'the  haunch.'  A  word  formed  by 
contraction  from  ischiatic,  which  latter  is  still 
used.     See  Ischiatic. 

Sciatic  Nerve,  Great,  Nervna  i.icJu'ad'icns, 
Great  fem'oro-popli'te'al,  (Ch.)  (F.)  Grand  nerf 
sclatiqiie,  ought  to  be  esteemed  a  continuation  of 
the  sacral  plexus.  It  issues  from  the  pelvis  be- 
tween the  pyramidalis  and  superior  gemellus ; 
descends  along  the  posterior  part  of  the  thigh; 
and  after  having  given  branches  to  the  gemini, 
quadi-atus,  obturator  externus,  glutieus  maximus, 
semi-membranosus,  semi-tendinosus,  biceps  and 
ttiird  abductor  muscles,  it  divides,  about  the  in- 
ferior third  of  the  thigh,  into  two  branches;  the 
one,  named  the  external  jjopliteal ;  the  other,  the 
internal. 


Sciatic  Nerve,  Lesser,  Inferior  glu'teal 
branch  of  the  sacral  plexus,  Leaser  fern' oro-pjojAi- 
te'al  nerve,  (Ch.)  (F.)  Nerf  petit  sciatiqtie,  which 
seems  especially  formed  by  the  2d  and  3d  sacral, 
is  given  off  from  the  lower  part  of  the  plexus,  and 
escapes  from  the  pelvis  beneath  the  pyramidalis 
muscle.  It  gives  branches  —  nervi  cuta'nei  clu'- 
nium  inferio'res  —  to  the  glutasus  maximus;  a 
sciatic  branch  or  infra-pelric  eiitaneona  or  peri- 
neal cutaneoua,  Pudenda' lis  longua  infe'rior,  which 
passes  under  the  tuberosity  of  the  ischium,  and 
furnishes  filaments  to  the  glutseus  maximus,  and 
to  the  muscles  of  the  perinasum,  urethra,  penis, 
scrotum,  &c. ;  and  a  posterior  femoral  cutaneoua 
branch  —  middle  jyosterior  cutaneous  nerve  —  the 
filaments  of  which  traverse  the  femoral  aponeu- 
rosis, to  be  distributed  on  the  skin  of  the  poste- 
rior part  of  the  thigh.  The  principal  branch  of 
the  lesser  sciatic  nerve  divides,  near  the  ham, 
into  two  or  three  filaments,  which  descend  under 
the  integuments  almost  as  far  as  the  inferior  part 
of  the  leg. 

Sciatic  Notch,  Great,  Sciatic  Fora'men,  In- 
ciau'ra  ischiad'ica  major,  (F.)  Grande  eckancrure 
sciatique  ou  grand  trou  sciatique,  is  a  large  notch 
at  the  posterior  edge  of  each  os  innominatum, 
below  the  posterior  and  inferior  iliac  spine,  which 
is  converted  into  a  foramen  by  the  sacrum  and 
sacro-sciatic  ligaments.  The  lesser  sciatic  notch, 
Incisu'ra  ischiad'ica  minor,  Luna  Albi'ni,  (F.) 
Petite  echancrure  isehiatiqne,  is  much  smaller 
than  the  last,  from  which  it  is  separated  by  the 
sciatic  spine.  It  gives  passage  to  the  tendon  of 
the  obturator  internus,  and  to  the  internal  pudic 
vessels  and  nerves. 

Sciatic  Region,  Ischiadic  region. 
Sciatic  Spine,  Spine  of  the  Ischium,  <S);n(0!'a 
Proc"ess  of  the  Ischium,  is  a  short,  flat,  pyramidal 
eminence  on  the  os  innominatum,  above  the  pre- 
ceding foramen ;  which  gives  insertion  to  the 
lesser  sacro-sciatic  ligament. 

SCIATICA,  Neuralgia  femoro-poplitiiea. 
SO  [A  TIQ  UE,  Neuralgia  femoro-poplitaja.  - 
SGIE,  Saw. 

SCIENTIA  HERMETICA,  Alchymy— s.  Me- 
dendi,  Medicina  —  s.  Medica,  Medieina. 

SCIERO'PIA,  from  cKuoog,  'shady,'  and  ui^, 
'the  eye.'  A  defect  of  vision,  in  which  all  ob- 
jects have  a  darker  hue  than  natural. 

SCILLA,  Scilla  viarit'ima,  Sci/lla,  Ascliil, 
Schinos,  Oc'ulus  Typ)ho'nis,  Ornithorj'alum  ma- 
rit'irnnm  seu  squil'la,  Stella'ris  scilla,  Sqiiilla, 
Squill  or  sea  onion,  Eye  of  Typilion,  (F.)  Ognon 
marin.  Faniili/,  Liliacete.  Sex.  Si/st.  Hexandria 
Monogynia.  Native  of  Spain,  Austria,  &c.  The 
bulb  or  root  of  the  squill  has  a  bitter,  nauseous 
taste,  and  is  extremely  acrid;  inflaming  the  skin 
when  rubbed  on  it.  Its  acrimony,  on  which  its 
virtues  depend,  is  destroyed  by  heat,  drying,  and 
keeping.  It  is  extracted  by  vinegar,  spirit,  and 
water.  In  large  doses,  squill  is  emetic  and  pur- 
gative; in  small  doses,  diuretic  and  expectorant. 
Its  active  principle  has  been  called  sciUitinc. 
Dose,  gr.  j  to  v  of  the  dried  root,  united  or  not 
with  metcury. 

Scilla  Esculen'ta,  Phalan'gium  e-iculen'tum,   . 
Eastern  Qiianiaah,  Viild  Hy'acinth;  indigenous; 
flowering  in   May.     An  article  of  diet  amongst 
the  Western  Indians.     It  is  made  into  bread  and 
poultices  for  inflamed  breasts. 

SCILLOCEPK'ALUS,  Schinoceph'alna,  from 
crKtWa,  'a  bulbous-rooted  plant,  the  squill,' and 
Ktipa\ii>  'head.'  One  who  has  a  large  bulbiform 
head. 

SCINCUS,  (TKiyKos  or  cKiyyo;.  A  species  of 
Sauriis  or  Lacer'ta,  common  in  Egypt,  and  much 
extolled  by  the  ancients,  as  alexipharmic  and 
a^jhrodisiae. 


SCINTILLA 


777 


SCLEROTICOXYXIS 


SCINTIL'LA  VEN'ERIS,  'a  relic  of  Venus.' 
A  name  given,  by  Paracelsus,  to  the  impotence 
and  loss  of  power  in  the  limbs,  produced  by 
syphilis. 

S  CI 0  M '  A  C  H Y,  Shioma'cMa,  Sldamachia  ; 
from  cKia,  '  a  shade,'  and  iia^rj,  'a  fight.'  An 
exercise  with  the  ancients,  which  consisted  in  a 
mock  encounter  at  boxing  and  jumping  with 
one's  own  shadow. 

SO  [BE  HE,  Scirrhus. 

SCIRRHOBLEPHARONCUS,  see  Scleriasis. 

SCIRRHOCELE,  Oreheocele  scirrhosa. 

SCIRRHOGAS'TRTA,  (F.)  Squirrogastrie  ; 
Scirrhus  ventric'uli ;  from  cKi^pos,  'hard,'  and 
yaarrig,  '  stomach.'     Scirrhus  of  the  stomach. 

SCIR'RHOID,  ScirrlwVdes,  Scirrho'des,  from 
aKippa;,  'scirrhus,'  and  iiio;,  'resemblance.  Re- 
sembling scirrhus. 

SCIRRHOMA,  Scirrhus. 

SCIRRHOPHTH AL'  MIA,  Scirrlwplithal'mus, 
from  aKigpog,  'scirrhus,'  and  o^S-aXfjos,  'the  eye,' 
Cancer  oc'uli.     Cancer  of  the  eye. 

SCIURHOPHTHALJIIA    PALPEBRARUM,    SCO    Scle- 

riasis. 

SCIRRHOSARCA  NEONATORUM,  Indura- 
tion of  the  cellular  tissue. 

SCIRRHOSIS,  Scirrhus. 

SCIRRHOUS,  Scirrho'sus/  same  etymon  as 
scirrhus.     Of  or  belonging  to  scirrhus. 

Scirrhous  Sarco'ma  op  Ab'ernetht,  Em- 
pliy'ma  sarco'ma  scirrho'sum.  Hard,  rigid,  vas- 
cular infarction  of  glandular  follicles ;  indolent, 
insentient,  glabrous;  sometimes  shrinking  and 
becoming  more  indurated.  Found  in  glandulous 
structures. 

SCIRRHUS,  Squirrhus,  Seirrho'ma,  Scirrho'- 
fis,  Cancer  scirrho'sus,  Carcino'ma  simplex,  C. 
fiiro'sum,  Indura'tio  malig'na,  Schirrus,  Sclerus, 
Carcinom'atous  sarco'ma.  Hard  cancer,  Fibrous 
cancer;  from  axtppog,  'hard,'  'indurated;'  (F.) 
Squirre,  Sehirre,  Skirre.  A  disease,  so  called 
from  the  hardness  that  characterizes  it.  It  is  a 
state  of  induration,  of  a  peculiar  kind,  afi"eeting 
glandular  structures  generally,  but  capable  of 
occurring  in  other  textures.  It  usually  precedes 
carcinoma,  of  which  it  may,  indeed,  be  considered 
as  the  first  stage.  Scirrhus  must  not  be  con- 
founded with  the  induration  which  succeeds  in- 
flammation, although  the  two  states  are  often 
complicated,  and  may  stand,  occasionally,  in  the 
relation  of  cause  and  effect  to  each  other.  Scir- 
rhus is  ordinarily  accompanied  by  violent  shoot- 
ing pains.  It  is  also  irregular  on  its  surface ; 
and  when  cut  into  has  a  bluish  or  grayish  white 
colour.  When  the  surgeon  is  satisfied  of  the  ex- 
istence of  scirrhus,  he  had  better  remove  it  at 
once.  No  other  treatment  seems  to  possess  much 
advantage. 

Galen  uses  the  term  Scirrho'sis  for  a  livid  ex- 
crescence caused  by  inflammation. 

Scirrhus  et  Carcinoma  Ventriculi,  see  Gas- 
trostenosis  cardiaea  et  pylorica — s.  Hepatis,  He- 
patoscirrhus — s.  Intestinorum,  Enteropathia  can- 
cerosa  —  s.  Palpebrarum,  see  Scleriasis  —  s.  Tes- 
ticuli,  Sarcocele  —  s.  Uteri,  Metroscu-rhus  —  s. 
Ventrieuli,  Gastroseirrhus. 

SCISSrPARITE,  see  Generation. 

SCISSORS,  For/ex,  Forpex,  Psalis,  Tomis, 
(F.)  Ciseaux.  A  well-known  instrument  in  com- 
mon use,  and  often  employed  in  surgery.  Scis- 
sors are  composed  of  two  cutting  blades,  crossing- 
each  other  and  moving  upon  an  axis.  They  are 
straight  or  curved.  Sometimes  the  curve  is  on 
the  flat  side,  when  they  are  called,  in  France, 
Ciseaux  d  cuiller ;  at  others,  on  their  edges. 
The  scissors,  bent  so  that  the  blades  make  an 


obtuse  angle  with  the  handles,  are  also  mucli 
used.  They  are  called  in  France  Ciseaux  coudes. 
Scissors  are  used  for  dividing  soft,  loose,  isola- 
ted parts,  which  it  would  be  difiicult  to  reach  and 
to  cut  with  the  bistoury.  They  are  employed, 
likewise,  in  the  operation  for  harelip,  and  for  re- 
moving warts,  fungous  excrescences,  <fec. 

SCISSURA,  Fissure — s.  Vulvse,  see  Eima. 

SCISSUR^,  Rhagades. 

SCISSURE  DE  GLASER,  Fissure,  glenoid—* 
s.  Grand  mediane  da  Cervelet,  Valley — s.  de  Sati- 
torini,  Santoriui,  fissure  of. 

SCLAREA,  Salvia  sclarea. 

SCLEREMA,  Induration  of  the  cellular  tissue. 

SCLERE2IE,  Induration  of  the  cellular  tissue. 

SCLEREMIA,  Induration  of  the  cellular  tissue. 

SCLEREMUS,  Induration  of  the  cellular  tissue. 

SCLERENCEPIIA'LIA,  Indura'tio  cer'ebri, 
from  OKXripog,  'hard,'  and  cyxeipaXov,  'the  brain.' 
(F.)  Endurcissement  du  cerceau.  Induration  of 
the  brain. 

SCLERIA,  Scleriasis. 

SCLERI'ASIS,  Sclero'ma,  Sclero'sis,  Scle'ria, 
Sclerijs'mus,  Seph'irns,  from  aKXr/pos,  'hard.'  Any 
kind  of  hardness  or  induration.  Sometimes  hard- 
ness of  the  eyelids,  Callo'sitas  palpehra'rum,  Scir- 
rhohlcpharoit'cus,  ScirrhophthaV m ia  palpehra'- 
rum, Scirrhiis  palp>chra'rum ;  at  others,  hardness 
of  the  genital  organs  of  the  female;  probably 
synonymous  with  scirrhus.  —  Galen.  Paulus. 
Hardness  of  bones,  Fragil'itas  Os'sium. 

SCLERITIS,  Sclerotitis. 

SCLERODERMA,  Induration  of  the  cellular 
tissue. 

SCLERODES,  Sclerotic. 

SCLEROMA,  Induration  of  the  cellular  tissue, 
Scleriasis. 

SCLEROMENINX,  Dura  mater. 

SCLERONYXIS,  Scleroticonyxis. 

SCLEROPIITHALMIA,  Hordeolmn. 

SCLEROS,  Hard. 

SCLEROSARCO'MA,  from  cKlnpog,  'hard,'  and 
aapKwua,  '  a  fleshy  tumour.'  A  haixl,  fleshy  tu- 
mour, seated  on  the  gums,  and  resembling  a 
cock's  comb. 

SCLEROSIS,  Induration  of  the  cellular  tissue, 
Scleriasis. 

SCLEROSTENOSIS  CUTANEA,  Induration 
of  the  cellular  tissue. 

SCLEROT'IC,  Sclerotica,  from  cKXrjpow,  *I 
harden.'  Cornea  opa'ca,  Sclero'des,  Tunica  dura 
sen  alhugin'ea  seu  dn'rior  et  crass'ior  seu  ex'tima 
sen  alba  seu  can'dida  seu  innomina'ta  oc'uli, 
Sclero'tis,  (F.)  Sclerotiqne.  A  hard,  resisting, 
opake  membrane,  of  a  pearly  white  colour  and 
fibrous  nature,  which  covers  nearly  the  posterior 
four-fifths  of  the  globe  of  the  eye,  and  has  the  form 
of  a  sphere  truncated  before.  It  is  strengthened  by 
the  expansion  of  the  muscles  of  the  eye,  to  which 
expansion  many  anatomists  have  given  the  name 
Tu'nica  albugin'ea.  It  forms  the  tchite  of  the 
eye,  Albu'men,  Album  oc'idi,  Lon'ehades,  Loij'- 
ades,  Loeh'ades,  Leu'cades.  The  sclerotic  is  pe- 
netrated posteriorly  by  a  round  opening,  for  the 
passage  of  the  optic  nerve;  and,  anteriorly,  it 
has  a  much  larger  opening,  into  which  the  trans- 
parent cornea  is  received.  There  are,  besides, 
many  small  oblong  apertures  in  it  for  the  passage 
of  nerves  and  vessels,  proceeding  to  the  interior 
of  the  eye.  In  the  foetus,  the  sclerotic  may  bo 
separated  into  two  very  distinct  laminas. 

SCLEROTICA  CERATOIDES,  Cornea. 

SCLEROTICITIS,  Sclerotitis. 

SCLEROTICONYX'IS,  Sderonyx'is,  Sclerotf* 
nyx'is,  from  trxAijpos-,  'hard,'  and  vv^i<;,  'punctuf 


SCLEROTICUS 


778 


SCROFULA 


ing.'  Perforation  of  the  sclerotica  in  the  opera- 
tion for  cataract  by  depression. 

SCLEROTICUS,  Indurans. 

SCLEROTIQUE,  Sclerotic. 

SCLBROTIS,  Sclerotic. 

SCLEROTI'TIS,  Injiamma'tio  Selerot'iccB,  Len- 
ci'tis,  Lonchadi'tis,  Logndi'tis,  Svleri'tis,  Sclero- 
citi'tis,  Rhcumat'ic  ophthal'mia,  Ophthal' niia  ar- 
thrit'ica,  from  sclerotica,  and  itis,  denoting  in- 
flammation. Inflammation  of  the  sclerotic  coat 
of  the  eye. 

SCLEROTIUM  CLAVUS,  see  Ergot. 

SCLERUNTICUS,  Indurans. 

SCLERUS,  Induration,  Scirrhus. 

SCLERYNTICUS,  Indurans. 

SCLERYS'MA,  from  cK\>]pog,  'hard.'  Indura- 
tion ;  also,  induration  of  the  liver. 

SCLERYSMUS,  Scleriasis. 

SCLIRUS.  Scirrhus. 

SCLOPETA'RIUS,  from  sdopetum,  'a.  gun.' 
Relating  to  a  gun.  Hence,  Aqua  sclopeta'ria,  a 
water  for  gunshot  wounds.  Vul'nera  sclojyeta'ria, 
gunshot  wounds,  &o. 

SCLOPETOPLAG^,  Wounds,  gunshot. 

SCOBS,  Prisma,  Xysma,  Ramen'tam,  Jlasu'ra. 
A  shaving,  also,  an  alkali;  and  the  scoria  of  any 
metal. 

SCCENANTHUM,  Juneus  odoratus. 

SCOLECESIS,  Helminthiasis. 

SCOLECIASIS,  Helminthirisis. 

SCOLEX,  Ascaris  lumbricoides. 

SCOLIOMA,  Scoliosis. 

SCOLIO'SIS,  Scolio'ma,  Rhacliio-ncolio'wa, 
from  aKo\iog,  '  crooked.'  A  distortion  of  the  spine 
to  one  side.     See  Ilump. 

SCOLOPENDRA,  Asplenium  scolopendrium. 

SCOLOPENDRIA,  Asplenium  ceterach,  and 
A.  scolopendrium. 

SCOLOPENDRIUM  LINGUA,  Asplenium 
scolopendrium  —  s.  Officinarum,  Asplenium  sco- 
lopendrium—  s.  Phjdlitis,  Asplenium  scolopen- 
drium— s.  Ruta  muraria,  Asplenium  ruta  muraria 
— s.  Vulgare,  Asplenium  scolopendrium. 

SCOLOPOMACHiE'RION,  from  cKo\o~a^,  'the 
woodcock,'  and  fia'x^aipa,  'a  knife;'  so  called  be- 
cause it  is  bent  a  little  at  the  extremity  like  a 
woodcock's  bill.  A  sort  of  blunt-pointed  bistoury. 
—  Scultetus. 

SCOLYMUS  SATIVUS,  Cynara  seolymus. 

SCOOP,  Teut.  Schoepe,  CoMca're,  (F.) 
Curette.  A  surgical  instrument  of  the  shape  of 
a  spoon,  which  is  used  for  the  extraction  of  cer- 
tain foreign  bodies.  The  scoop  is  often  employed 
to  extract  balls  impacted  in  the  soft  parts;  to  re- 
move calculi  from  the  urinary  bladder  in  lithoto- 
my, &c.  A  small  scoop  is  sometimes  used  to 
extract  foreign  bodies  from  the  meatus  auditorius 
externus,  nasal  fossse,  &o. 

SCOPA  REGIA,  Ruscus. 

SCOPARIUS,  see  Spartium  scoparium. 

SCOPE,  aKOTrri,  Scop'ia,  Scojios,  from  aKo-mw, 
'  I  look  around.'  A  common  sufiix  to  words 
meaning  'view,  inspection,'  as  eranioscqpy,  ste- 
ihoscopy,  &e. 

SCOPOLINA  ATROPOIDES,  Hyoscyamus 
fcopolia. 

SCOPTULA,  Scopula. 

SCOPULA,  Brush. 

SCOR,  Excrement. 

SCORACRATI'A,  Scoracra'sia,  Scatacra'sia, 
Seaiacrati'a,  Oopracrati'a,  Copracra'sta,  Inconti- 
nen'tia  Alvi,  from  oKwp,  'excrement,'  and  oKpaaia, 
'want  of  control.'  Want  of  power  to  retain  the 
fsBCi;?.     Involuntary  evacuation  of  the  faeces. 

tSCORBVT,  Porphyra  nautica.  Purpura  ha3- 
inorrhagic.a — a.  des  Alpes,  Pellagra — «.  de  Terre, 
Purpura  hajmorrhagica. 


SCORBU'TIC,  Scorlu'ticns.  That  waicli  be- 
longs to  scurvy.     One  affected  with  scurvy. 

SCORBUTUS,  Purpura— s.  Alpinus,  Pellagra 
— s.  Kauticus,  Porphyra  nautica — s.  Oris,  Cancer 
aquatieus. 

SCORDINEMA,  Carebaria,  Pandiculation. 

SCORDINISMUS,  Carebaria,  Pandiculation. 

SCORDIUM,  Teucrium  scordium. 

SCORDON,  Allium. 

SCORITII,  Sulphur. 

SCORODON,  Allium. 

SCORPIODEX'IS,  from  cKooTrioi,  'the  scor- 
pion,' and  iv^ii,  'bite:'  —  more  properly,  Sconpi- 
ostig'ma  ;  from  cKopmwv,  and  uTiy^a,  '  puncture.' 
The  sting  of  the  scorpion. 

SCOR'PION,  Scor'pio,  Scorpius,  from  uKop-ioui, 
'I  puncture.'  A  genus  of  insects  having  a  sting 
at  the  extremity  of  their  tail,  with  which  they 
make  dangerous  wounds.  An  Oil  of  Scmyion 
was  once  made  from  them,  which  is  not  now  used. 

SCORPIOSTIGMA,  Scorpiodexis. 

SCORPIUS,  Scorpion. 

SCORTUM,  Scrotum. 

SCORZONE'PvA,  S.  hu'milis  sen  lana'ta  sen 
nervo'sa,  Et-corzoiie'i^a,  Vipera'ria,  Serpenta'ria 
IJispan'ica,  OJ/ic"inal  viper's  grass,  Vipe.r's  grass. 
Goat's  grass.  Family,  Cichoracea3.  Sex.  Syst. 
Syngenesia  Polygamia.  The  roots  have  been 
used  as  alexipharmics,  and  in  hypochondriacal 
disorders  and  obstructions  of  the  viscera.  The 
root  of  the  Scorzonera  llispan'ica  is  esculent,  but 
inefficacious  as  a  drug. 

SCOTAS'MA,  Seoto'ma,  Scoto'dia,  Scoto'sis, 
Scotos ;  from  oKorog,  'darkness.'  Obscurity  of 
vision,  darkness,  Suffu'sio  ra'dians.  Also  Sco- 
todinia. 

SCOTCH  FIDDLE,  Psora. 

SCOTODIA,  Scotasma,  Scotodinia. 

SCOTODIN'IA,  Scoto'vui,  JJinus  Seoto'ma,  Sco- 
todi'ne,  Tenehrico'sa  verti'go,  Scotos,  Scotas'ma, 
Scoto'sis,  Seot'omy,  from  gkotos,  'darkness,'  and 
(5iy£u,  '  I  turn  round.'  Giddiness,  with  impaired 
sight,  often  succeeded  by  headach.     See  Vertigo. 

SCOTOMA,  Scotasma,  Scotodinia. 

SCOTOMY,  Scotodinia. 

SCOTOS,  Scotasma,  Scotodinia. 

SCOTOSIS,  Scotodinia. 

SCOTT'S  ACID  BATH,  Nitro-wvriatic  add 
hath.  A  bath  of  dilute  aqua  regia,  employed  by 
Dr.  Scott,  of  India,  as  a  remedy  in  hepatic  dis- 
eases. Three  pints  by  measure  of  muriatic  acid, 
and  two  of  nitric  acid,  are  mixed  to  form  the 
aqua  regia.  In  preparing  this  for  use,  a  pint  of 
it  is  mixed  with  an  equal  quantity  of  water. 
The  acid  bath  consists  of  three  ounces  of  this 
dilute  acid  to  every  gallon  of  water. 

SCRATCH,  Psora. 

SCREATUS,  Excreation. 

SCRIPTULUM,  Scruple. 

SCRIPULUM,  Scruple. 

SCRIPULUS,  Scruple. 

SCRIVENER'S  CRAMP,  Cramp,  writers'. 

SCROBIC'ULUS,  Scrohic'ulum,  (F.)  Fossette. 
A  little  ditch  or  furrow;  diminutive  of  scrohs, 
'  a  ditch.' 

Sckobic'tiltts  Cordis,  Anticar'dinm,  Procar'- 
dlum,  (F.)  Fossette  du  ccein;  Avant-ea^iir,  Anti- 
ca"ur.  The  pit  of  the  stomach.  The  depression 
at  the  anterior  part  of  the  abdomen,  below  the 
xiphoid  cartilage. 

Sct?oBTCiTLus  VARiOLiE,  Pockmark. 

SCROFPiE,  Scrofula. 

SCROF'ULA,  Scrn2)h'tda,  ScropVidcB ;  from 
scrofa,  'a  sow;'  because  swine  were  presumed  to 
be  subject  to  a  similar  complaint.  Scroplndo'sis, 
]\[orhu8  scrophuto'sus,  Yit"ium  scrophiilo'sum, 
Cacochym'ia  seu  Cachex'ia  sen  Dyscra'tia  aoro- 
phulo'sa,    Padatroph'ia    glundulo'sa,    StrumHf 


SCROFULAIRE 


779 


SEA  AIR 


Clicerns,  Coirns,  Tabes  Glandidn'ris,  Adeno'sia 
sciofulo'sa,  ScroffcB,  Chrceas,  King's  evil,  The 
Evil,  Ci-ueh  (Scottice),  (F.)  Scropliules,  Scro/ules, 
Striimes,  JEcroueUes,  Hiimeurs  froides,  Tubercules 
des  (jlandes  lym2'>hatiques,  3Ial  du  Hoi.  A  state 
of  the  system  characterized  by  indolent,  glandu- 
lar tumours,  chiefly  in  the  neck;  suppurating 
slowly  and  imperfectly,  and  healing  with  diffi- 
culty; the  disease  ordinarily  occurring  in  those 
of  a  sanguine  temperament,  with  thick  upper  lip, 
&o.  The  tumours,  after  suppuration,  degenerate 
into  ulcers;  which,  in  process  of  time,  cicatrize, 
leaving  scars.  The  internal  organs  are  apt  to  be 
attacked  in  those  disposed  to  scrofula;  hence 
they  are  often  the  subjects  of  phthisis  and  me- 
senteric affections.  Scrofula  is  hereditary;  and 
is  frequently  excited  by  insufficient  or  improper 
regimen,  and  by  a  close,  confined  air  during  the 
first  years  of  existence.  The  best  treatment  is  : — 
to  strengthen  the  system  by  animal  diet ;  pure 
air,  and  exercise,  cold  bathing,  or  sea-water 
bathing,  &c. 

Scrofula  Abdohinalis  Interna,  Physconia 
strumosa. 

SCROFULAIRE,  Serophularia  nodosa  — s. 
Aquatiqiie.  Serophularia  aquatica. 

SCROFULARIA,  Serophularia. 

SCROFVLEUX,  Scrofulous. 

SCROF'ULOUS,  ScropJuilo'siis,  ScropTiida'rius, 
Strumous,  Striimo'sus,  (F.)  Scrofuleux,  Striimeux. 
Suffering  from,  or  relating  to,  scrofula. 

SCROPHULA,  Scrofula— s.  Mesenterica,  Tabes 
mesentei-ica — s.  Moluccana,  Frambcesia. 

SCROPHULiE,  Scrofula— s.  GonorrhoicEe,  Go- 
norrhoea impura. 

SCROPHULARIA,  S.  Nodosa. 

Scrophula'ria  Aquat'ica,  Beton'ica  aquat'- 
ica,  Fica'ria,  Ferra'ria,  Castran'gida,  Greater 
Water  Figxoort,  Water  Bet'ony,  (F.)  Scrofulaire 
vquatique.  The  leaves  are  celebrated  as  correc- 
tors of  the  bad  flavour  of  senna.  They  were  at 
one  time  regarded  as  eminently  antiscrofulous, 
stomachic,  and  carminative. 

ScROPHULARiA  FcETiDA,  Scrophularla  nodosa 
—  s.  Lanceolata,  S.  Nodosa — s.  Marilandica,  S. 
Nodosa  —  s.  Minor,  Ranunculus  fiearia. 

Scrophula'ria  Nodosa,  Figwort,  Kennelwoi-t, 
Holmesiceed,  Heal-all,  Scrojihula'ria  foi'tida  seu 
vnlga'ris  seu  lanceola'ta,  seu  Marilan'dica,  Mil- 
lemor'liia,  Scrophula'ria,  (F.)  Scrofulaire,  Herbe 
aux  ecrouelles.  The  root  and  leaves  of  this  plant 
have  been  celebrated,  both  as  an  internal  and  ex- 
ternal remedy,  against  inflammations,  piles,  scro- 
fulous tumours,  ulcers,  &g. 

Scrophularia  Vulgaris,  Serophularia  nodosa. 

SCROPHULARIUS,  Scrofulous. 

SCROPHULES,  Scrofula  — s.  Ifesenteriques, 
Tabesj  mesenterica. 

SCROPIIULOSIS,  Scrofula. 

SGROPHULOSUS,  Scrofulous. 

SCROTAL,  Scrota'lis;  from  scrotum.  Relating 
to  the  scrotum, —  as  Hernia  scrota'lis,  scrotal 
hernia. 

Scrotal  Nerve,  see  Genito- crural  Nerve. 

SCROTOCE'LE.  A  hybrid  term ;  from  (L.) 
scrotum,  and  kt]\i-i,  'a  tumour.'  Hernia  Scrota'lis, 
Scrotal  her'nia.  Inguinal  hernia,  descending 
into  the  scrotum ;  Oscheocele. 

SCROTUM,  from  scorteus,  scorteum,  'made  of 
leather.' (?)  OscTie,  Os'cheus,  Os'chus,  Os'cheon, 
Och'eus,  Perin,  Scortum,  Marsu'jjium,  Bur'sula, 
Bursa  tes'tium  seu  viri'lis,  Cap'ulus,  (?)  Orchas, 
Os'cus,  Follic' idus  genita'lis,  Her'nia,  the  Purse, 
the  Cod,  (F.)  Les  bourses.  The  integuments 
■which  cover  the  testes.  These  are  nothing  more 
than  a  prolongation  of  the  skin  of  the  inner 
part  of  the  thighs,  perinJ^nm,  and  penis.  The 
Bkia  is  remarkable  for  i'^  brown  colour,  for  the 


numerous  rag£e,  especially  when  the  scrotum  Is 
contracted;  for  the  great  number  of  sebaceous 
follicles  it  contains;  and  for  the  long  and  few 
hairs  which  issue  from  it  in  the  adult.  The  scro- 
tum is  divided  into  two  equal  parts  by  a  raphe, 
which  extends  from,  the  anus  to  the  root  of  the 
penis.  Its  organization  is  similar  to  that  of  the 
skin  of  other  parts  of  the  body,  except  that  the 
chorion  is  thinner. 

ScROTUJi  Cordis,  Pericardium  —  s.  Pendulum, 
Rhachosis. 

SCRUPLE,  Bioh'olon,  Gramma'riuin,  Scru'- 
pulus,  Scru'jndum,  Scrijj'tidiis,  Scrip' ulum,  Scrip'- 
ulus.  A  weight  of  twenty  grains,  Troy ;  twenty- 
four  grains,  Poids  de  marc. 

SCUDAMORE'S  MIXTURE,  see  Mixture 
Scudamore's. 

SCULL,  Cranium  —  s.  Cap,  Calvaria. 

SCURF,  Sax.  fcurT,  Teut.  S  c  h  o  r  f  t ;  Fur'- 
fura.  Small  exfoliations  of  the  cuticle  are  so 
called. 

SCURFY,  Furfuraceous. 

SCURVY  OF  THE  ALPS,  Pellagra— s.  Grass, 
Sisyrinchium  Bermudianum  —  s.  Land,  Purpura 
hsemorrhagiea— s.  Petechial,  Purpura  simplex — 
s.  Sea,  Porphj-ra  nautiea — -s.  Grass,  common, 
Cochlearia  officinalis  —  s.  Grass,  lemon,  Cochlea- 
ria  officinalis  —  s.  Grass,  wild,  Cochlearia  eoro- 
nopus. 

SCUTELLA,  Cup. 

SCUTELLA'RIA  GALERICULA'TA,  Cassida 
grdaricula'ta,  Tertiana'ria,  Skull-cap,  (F.)  Cas- 
side  hleue.  Family,  PersonesB.  ^S'eJ:-.  Syst.  Didj'- 
namia  Angiospermia.  This  plant  has  a  bitter 
taste  and  a  garlic  smell.  It  has  been  esteemed 
especially  serviceable  in  tertian  ague. 

Scutella'ria  Lateriflo'ra,  Skull-cpp,  Mad- 
weed,  Hoodwort,  Blue  Pimp'ernel.  An  indigenous 
plant,  which  grows  in  all  parts  of  the  United 
States  in  moist  places.  It  was  at  one  time  es- 
teemed a  preventive  of  hydrophobia,  but  is  pro- 
bably possessed  of  little  virtue  of  any  kind. 

Scutellaria  Integrifo'lia,  —  another  indi- 
genous variety,  —  is  an  intense  bitter. 

SCUTICULA  DIGITORUM  MANUS,  Pha- 
langes  of  the  fingers. 

StUTULiE  DIGITORUM  MANUS,  Pha- 
lana:es  of  the  fingers. 

S'CUTUM,  Thyroid  cartilage  — s.  Cordis,  Sca- 
pula, Sternum  —  s.  Genu,  Patella  —  s.  Pectoris, 
Thorax. 

ScuTusr  Stojiace'icum.  A  large  plaster,  ap- 
plied to  the  breast  or  stomach. 

Scutum  Thoracis,  Scapula. 

SCYB'ALA,  plural  of  cKvliaXov,  'dung.'  Ente 
rol'ithus  Scyb'alum,  Excremcnta  Alvi  siccio'ra. 
Faces  indura'tm.  Hard  fecal  matters  discharged 
in  round  lumps. 

SCYLLA,  Scilla. 

SCYPHOPHORUS  PYXIDATUS,  Lichen 
pyxidatus. 

SCYPHUS  AUDITORIUS,  Infundibulum  of 
the  cochlea  —  s.  Cerebri,  Infundibulum  of  tha 
brain — s.  Vieussenii,  Infundibulum  of  the  cochlea. 

SCYROS,  Callosity. 

SCYTALIDES  DIGITORUM  MANUS,  Pha- 
langes  of  the  fingers. 

SCYTHICA,  (RADIX,)  Glyeyrrhiza. 

SCYTHROPASMUS,  from  cKvBpog,  'gloomy;' 
cKvdpaTaZtiv,  '  to  look  gloomy ;'  Vu-'Mis  tet'ricns  ei 
mast  us.  A  gloomy,  depressed  countenance,  of 
bad  augury  in  serious  diseases. 

SCYTITIS,  Cytitis. 

SCYTODEPSiUM,  Tannin. 

SEA  AIR.  The  air  in  the  neighbourhoocl  of 
the  sea  contains  saline  particles  commingled  with 
it,  which  render  it  a  valuable  change  for  scrofu- 
lous and  debilitated  individuals.     The  sea  and 


SEA-SICKNESS 


rso 


SEDLITZ 


Sta-coast  are  usually,  also,  more  equable  in  their 
temperature  than  places  inland. 

SEA  SICKXESS,  Nausea  marina  —  s.  "Water, 
Bee  Wat-er,  Sea. 

SEAL,  GOLDEX,  Hydrastis  Canadensis  —  s. 
Solomon's,  Convallaria  polygonatum. 

SEAM,  Cicatrix. 

SEARCHING,  Sounding;  from  (F.)  chercTier, 
'to  seek.'  The  operation  of  ascertaining,  by  the 
introduction  of  a  metallic  instrument,  whether  a 
patient  has  a  stone  in  the  bladder. 

SEASONING,  Acclimation  — s.  Fever,  Fever, 
stranger's. 

SEA.T,  Anus  —  s.  Bone,  Ischion, 

SEBACE,  Sebaceous. 

SEBA'CEOUS,  Seba'ceus,  (F.)  S^haci;  from 
eehiim,  'suet.'     That  which  has  the  nature  of  suet. 

Sebaceous  Flux,  Stearrhrea. 

Sebaceous  or  Sebip'arous  Glands,  Selaceoua 
Fol'licleg,  Sebaceous  Crypts,  FoUic'uli  aeba'eei, 
Crypto,  seba'cecB,  Oil  Glands,  Mil'iary  <jland.s,  are 
Braall  hollow  organs,  of  a  rounded  or  pyriform 
shape,  seated  in  the  substance  of  the  skin,  and 
opening  on  its  surface  by  a  small,  excretory  duct; 
furnishing  a  yellow,  unctuous  humour.  Smegma 
cuta'neuiu,  Sebum  cuta'neum,  having  someanalogj' 
with  suet,  which  is  destined  to  lubricate  the  sur- 
face of  the  body.  Follicles  of  a  similar  nature 
exist  around  the  corona  glandis  of  the  male,  and 
under  the  skin  of  the  labia  majora  and  nymphse 
of  females.  They  secrete  a  sebaceous  matter, 
which  emits  a  peculiar  odour;  and  hence,  after 
the  name  of  one  who  described  them,  have  been 
called  Gland'ulcB  odori/'erce  Tyso'ni,  G.  Tyso'ni, 
Tyson's  f/lands. 

SEBESTE'NA,  Cordia  myxa  seu  seheste'na  sen 
Africa' na  seu  domes'tica  seu  ohli'qua,  Sebeste'na 
officina'lis,  Sebea'ten,  Sehsten,  Myxa,  Cornve  san- 
gnin'ea,  Prnnus  sehesti'na,  Smooth-leaved  Cor'- 
dia,  Ansyr'ian  pilum,  (F.)  Sebestier  myxa.  The 
dark,  black  fruit  of  the  Sebestina  possesses  gluti- 
nous and  aperient  qualities,  and  is  exhibited,  in 
decoction,  in  various  diseases  of  the  chest. 

SEBESTIER  31 YXA,  Sebestena. 

SEBIPAROUS,  see  Sebaceous. 

SEBOKKHAGIA,  Stearrhcea. 

SEBORRHCEA,  Stearrhoea. 

SEBSTEN,  Sebestina. 

SEBUM,  Pinguedo,  Sevum — s.  Cutaneum,  see 
Sebaceous  glands. 

SECA'LE,  S.  cerea'le  seu  harba'tum.  The  JRye 
plant.  (F.)  Sei'jle.  Rye  is  chiefly  used  as  an 
article  of  diet,  particularly  in  the  northern  parts 
of  Europe,  where  a  spirit  is  also  extracted  from 
it.  The  grain  is  disposed  to  aeescency :  and 
hence  its  internal  use  at  first  generally  produces 
a  laxative  effect. 

Secale  BARBATUJr,  Seeale  —  s.  Cornutum,  Er- 
got—  s.  Luxurians,  Ergot. 

SECALIS  MATER,  Ergot. 

KECERXEXT,  Secreting. 

SECERXIXG,  Secreting— s.  Substance,  of  the 
kidney,  see  Kidney. 

SECESSIO  FiECUM,  Defecation. 

SECESSUS  NIGER,  Melsena. 

SECllE,  Se])ia. 

SECLUSORIUM,  Sac. 

SEC'OXDARY,  from  secundus,  'the  second.' 
eomething  that  acts  subordinately  to  another; 
as  the  secondary  sympfoyns  of  a  disease;  that  is, 
those  which  supervene  on  the  primary. 

SECOXniNES,  Secundines. 

SECRETA.  Same  etymon  as  Secretion.  Things 
«r  matters  secreted  or  separated  from  the  blood. 

SECPiE 'TING,  Secreto'rius,  Secer'ning,  Se'- 
crrnUiit.  Exeer'ncnt.  Same  etymon  as  Secretion. 
That  which  sei-retes, — as  a  secreting  organ. 


SECRETIO,  Secretion— s.  Lactis,  Galactosis— 
s.  Lotii,  Uropoesis — s.  Urinse,  Uropoesis — s.  Yi- 
caria,  see  Vicarious. 

SECRE'TIOX,  Secre'tio,  Apoc'risis ;  from  se~ 
cernere,  'to  separate.'  An  organic  function,  which 
is  chiefly  executed  in  the  glands,  and  consists  in 
an  elaboration  or  separation  of  the  materials  of 
the  blood,  at  the  very  extremities  of  the  arterial 
system,  or  rather  of  the  vascular  secretory  sys- 
tem; and  which  differs  in  each  organ  according 
to  its  particular  structure;  hence  the  formation 
of  different  fluids; — bile,  saliva,  urine,  milk,  <tc. 
The  secretions  are  of  three  kinds  : — exhalant,  Jul- 
licidar.  and  glandular. 

SECRETORIUS,  Secreting. 

SECT,  METHODICAL,  Methodists. 

S]?C'TIO,  Section,  The  act  of  cutting.  A  di- 
vision. 

Sectio  Alta,  see  Lithotomy — s.  Anatomiea, 
Dissection — s.  Cadaveris,  Autopsia  cadaveriea — 
E.  Cadaveris  legalis,  Autopsia  cadaveriea — s.  Cfe- 
sarea,  Csesarean  section  —  s.  Franconiana,  see 
Lithotomy  —  s.  Hypogastriea,  see  Lithotomj^ — s. 
Lateralis,  see  Lithotomj' — s.  Legalis,  Obductio — 
s.  Mariana,  see  Lithotomy — s.  Xympharum, 
Xymphotomy  —  s.  Piectovesicalis,  see  Lithotomy 
—  s.  Renalis,  Nephrotomy — s.  Tendinum,  Teno- 
tomy—  s.  Vagino-vesicalis,  Colpoeystotomia  —  s. 
Vesicalis,  Lithotomy. 

SECTIOX,  Sectio  —  s.  Sigatiltian,  Symphyse- 
otomv. 

SECUND^,  Secundines. 

SECUXDIX^,  Secundines. 

SEC'UXDIXES,  Hys'tera,  Deufer'ion,  After- 
birth,  Secun'dcB,  Secundi'ncB,  (F.)  Arriere-faix, 
SecondAnes,  Delivre.  All  that  remains  in  the 
uterus  after  the  birth  of  the  chUd, — viz.,  the  p^la- 
centa,  a  portion  of  the  umbilical  cord,  and  the 
membranes  of  the  ovum.  These  are  commonly 
not  expelled  till  some  time  after  the  birth  of  the 
foetus:  hence  their  name.     See  Uelivrance. 

SECUXDUS  PROPRIORUM  AURICrLiE, 
Retrahens  auris. 

SEDAXTIA,  Sedatives. 

SED'ATIVES,  Sedati'va,  Pouon'ta,  Sedan'tia, 
Adec'ta,  Catastal'tiea,  I/epirimen'iia,  (F.)  Cal- 
niants,  Tempjerants,  from  sedo,  'I  settle  or  as- 
suage.' Medicines  which  directly  depress  the 
vital  forces,  and  which  are  consequently  employed 
whenever  it  is  necessary  to  diminish  preternatu- 
rally  increased  action.  The  chief  reputed  seda- 
tives are  :  Acidum  Hydrocyanicum.  Acidum  Hy- 
dro-sulphurieum,  Tabacum,  Missio  Sanguinis,  and 
certain  gases  by  inhalation,  as  azote,  carbonic 
acid.  (?)  carburetted  and  sulphuretted  hvdrogen. 

SEDEM  ATTOLLEXS,  Levator  ani.' 

SEDES,  Anus,  Excrement  —  s.  Cruenta?,  Dy- 
senterj',  Hsematochezia — s.  Lactescentes,  Coelia<j 
flux — s.  Proeidua,  Proctocele. 

SEDHEE,  Bangue. 

SED'IJIEXT,  Sedimen'tnm,  Lemma,  Beaiden'- 
tia.  Same  etymon.  (F.)  Depot.  A  deposit  formed 
by  the  precipitation  of  some  one  or  more  of  the 
substances  held  in  solution  or  suspension  by  a 
liquid.  That  which  is  formed  in  urine,  at  the 
time  of  cooling,  has  been  called  Hypos'tasis,  Hy- 
poste'ma,  Kesiden'tia,  Subsiden'tia,  (F.)  I)ep6t  de 
I'nrine.  This  sediment  or  deposit  varies  in  dif- 
ferent states  of  the  S3-stcm.  In  calculous  affec- 
tions, it  is  one  of  the  most  important  objects  of 
attention. 

SEDIMENTUM,  Sediment  — s.  Urinje  lateri- 
cium,  see  Lateritious  —  s.  Urinoe  intyroides,  see 
Furfurnceous. 

SEDITIA.  Nates. 

SEDLITZ,  MINERAL  "WATERS  OF,  Scid- 
litz,  SeidachUtz  or  Seydschutz  icater.  Springs  iD 
Bohemia,  near  Prague,  which  are  simple  salines. 


SEDON 


781 


SEMICEPHALTJS 


They  contain  a  large  quantity  of  sulphate  of 
magnesia,  a  little  sulphate  of  soda  and  sulphate 
of  lime,  carbonic  acid,  carbonates  of  lime  and 
magnesia,  and  a  resinous  matter.(?)  They  are 
employed  as  purgatives  in  a  multitude  of  dis- 
eases. 

Sedlitz  Powders  may  be  formed  of  Soda  tar- 
tarizata  ^ij,  SodcB  carbon,  ^ij,  in  one  paper; 
Acid  tartaric,  gr.  xxxv,  in  another.  For  half  a 
pint  of  water. 

SEDON  BlfULANT,  Sedum— ».  Reprise, 
Sedum  telephium. 

SEDUM,  Sedum  acre  seu  glacia'le  seu  minns 
seu  vermicula're,  Rlec"ehra,  Hellec"ehra,  Ulec'- 
ehrum  Vermieula're,Vermicula'ris,  Pinter  mura'le, 
Sempervi'vum  acre,  Wall  pepper,  Stone  crop, 
Biting  Stone  crop,  Small  Jlouseleek,  Aei'cTiryson, 
jEo'nion,  (F. )  Joubarbe  acre.  Orpin  brMant,  Ver- 
miculaire  brttlante,  Sedan  brdlant.  Family,  Cras- 
sulaceee.  Sex.  Syst.  Decandria  Pentagynia.  In 
.  its  recent  state  it  is  very  acrid,  and  jjroves  both 
emetic  and  cathartic.  Externally,  in  the  form  of 
cataplasm,  it  produces  vesications  and  erosions. 
It  has  been  recommended  in  cancerous  and  ma- 
lignant ulcers. 

Sedum,  Saxifraga  granulata  —  s.  Glaciale,  Se- 
dum— s.  Minus,  Sedum — s.  Majus,  Sempervivum 
tectorum — s.  Minus,  Sedum. 

Sedum  Tele'phium,  S.  telepho'ides,  Faba  crassa, 
Cras'stda,  0.  Major,  Illec" ebra  major,  Tele'jMum, 
Faba'ria  cras'sula,  Faha  crassa,  Anacamp'seros, 
A.  al'bicans  seu  triphyll'a  seu  vulga'ris.  Orpine, 
(F.)  Sedan  reprise.  Grand  orpin,  Feve  ipaisse, 
Joubarbe  des  vignes,  &(i.  Formerly  used  as  a 
cataplasm  in  cuts,  hemorrhoids,  corns,  whitlows, 
&c. 

Sedum  Telephoides,  S.  Telephium — s.  Vermi- 
culare,  Sedum. 

SEED,  Sperm. 

SEGMENTA  CARTILAGINEA,  see  Trachea. 

SEGNIT"IA,  Segnit"ies,  from  segnis,  '  slug- 
gish.' Sluggishness  or  torpor  in  the  exercise  of 
a  function  :  —  as  Segnities  Alvi,  Torpor  of  the 
bowels  :  Sesnities  Virium,  Languoi-. 

SEGNITIES,  Segnitia. 

SEGRAT,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Near 
Pithiviers,  in  Gatinais,  in  the  French  department 
of  Loiret,  there  is  a  chalybeate  spring,  which  has 
some  reputation. 

SEGU,  Sago. 

SEIDLITZ,  Sedlitz, 

SEIDSCHUTZ,  Sedlitz. 

SEIGLE,  Secale— s.  Ergofee,  Ergot. 

SEIN,  Uterus,  see  Mamma. 

SEIRIASIS,  Coup  de  Soleil. 

SEIZURES,  HIDDEN,  see  Seizures. 

SEKISKAYAVODKA,  see  Spirit. 

SEL,  Salt — 8.  Admirable  de  Lemery,  Magnesise 
Bulphas — s.  Admirable  perle.  Soda,  phosphate  of 
— s.  de  Cuisine,  Soda,  muriate  of — s.  de  DSrosne, 
Narcotine — s,  d'Egra,  Magnesia  sulphas — s.  3Ia- 
rin,  Soda,  muriate  of — s.  d' Opium,  Narcotine — s. 
de  Saturne-,  Plumbi  superacetas — s.  de  Verre,  see 
Vitrum  —  «.  Volatil  d' Angleterre,  Ammoniae  car- 
bonas. 

SELAGO,  Camphorosma  Monspeliaca,  Lyco- 
podium  selago. 

SELENE,  Moon,  see  Nail. 

SELENIASIS,  Somnambulism. 

SELENIASMUS,  Somnambulism. 

SELENOBLETUS,  Lunatic. 
.    SELENOGAMIA,  Somnambulism. 

SELERY,  Apium  graveolens. 

SBLFABUSE,  Masturbation. 

SELF-HEAL,  Prunella. 

SELF-LIM'ITED.  An  epithet  applied  to  dis- 
eases which  appear  to  run  a  definite  course,  but 


little  modified  by  treatment,  —  small-pox,  fo? 
example- 

SELF-POLLUTION,  Masturbation. 

SELI'BRA,  Semili'bra,  Sembella,  half  a  pound. 
Six  ounces,  Troy;  eight,  Avoirdupois. 

SELINI'TES,  trtAiviT);;.  Wine  impregnated 
with  the  seeds  of  the  ciXivov  or  smallage.  —  Dios- 
corides. 

SELINUM  ANGELICA,  Angelica  Sylvestria 

—  s.  Galbanum,  Bubon  galbanum  —  s.  Impera- 
toria,  Imperatoria — s.  Opoponax,  Pastinaca  opo- 
ponax — s.  Oreoselinum,  Athamanta  aureoseli- 
num — s.  Ostruthium,  Imperatoria — s.  Pastinaca, 
Pastinaca  sativa — s.  Peucedanum,  Peucedanum 

—  s.  Pubescens,  Angelica  sylvestris  —  s.  Sylves- 
tre,  Angelica  sylvestris. 

SELLA,  S,  Turcica  —  s.  Equina,  S.  Turcica  — 
s.  Familiarica,  Lasanum — s.  Obstetrieia,  Diphrua 
— s.  Sphenoidalis,  S.  Turcica. 

Sella  Tur'cica,  Ephip'pium,  Fossa  Pitui^ 
ta'ria,  Sella,  S.  equi'na  seu  sphenoida'lis, 
Turkish  Saddle,  (F.)  Selle  Tureiqne  ou  du 
Turc.  A  depression  at  the  upper  surface  of 
the  sphenoid  bone,  which  is  bounded,  anteriorly 
and  posteriorly,  by  the  clinoid  processes;  and 
lodges  the  pituitary  gland.  It  is  so  called  from 
its  resemblanee  to  a  Turkish  saddle. 

Sella  Turcica,  Pituitaria  fossa. 

SELLE  TURCIQUE,  Sella  Turcica  — s.  du 
Tare,  Sella  Turcica. 

SELS  NEUTRES,  Neutral  salts. 

SELTZ  or  SELTZER,  MINERAL  WATERS 
OF.  Cold,  acidulous  springs,  the  source  of  which 
is  at  Seltz,  nine  leagues  from  Strasburg,  and  in 
the  Department  of  the  Bas-Rhin.  They  contain 
carbonates  of  lime,  magnesia,  and  soda,  chloride 
of  sodium,  and  much  carbonic  acid.  They  are 
refrigerant,  tonic,  diuretic,  and  aperient. 

Artificial  Seltzer  Water  may  be  made 
from  muriat.  acid.  gr.  xxxv,  water  Oj,  lohite  mar- 
ble gr.  iij.  Stop  up  till  dissolved.  Add  carbonate 
of  Magnesia,  gr.  v,  and,  after  some  time,  subcar^ 
bonate  of  soda,  gr.  xxxij.     Close  it  till  used. 

SEMBELLA,  Selibra. 

SEMECARPUS  ANACARDIUM,  Avicennia 
tomentosa. 

SEMEIOG'RAPHY,  Semeiograph'ia,  Semio- 
graphy,  Semiogra'phia,  from  ctjuuov,  '  a  symp- 
tom,' and  ypa(pri,  '  a  description.'  A  description 
of  symptoms  or  signs  of  disease. 

SEMBIOL'OGY,  Sem^eiot'ice,  Semiology,  Se- 
miotiee,  Phanomenolog"ia,  from  ariixtiov,  '  a  sj^mp- 
tom,'  and  }.oyo;,  'a  discourse.'  (F.)  Semeiotiqiie. 
The  branch  of  pathology  whose  object  is  the  doc- 
trine of  the  symptoms  or  signs  of  disease. 

SEMEION  BOETHEMATICUM,  Indication. 

SEMEIOSIS,  Semeiology. 

SE3fEI0TIQUE,  Semeiology. 

SEMEN,  Sperm  —  s.  Badian,  Illicium  anisa- 
tum  —  s.  Cinse,  Artemisia  santonica  —  s.  Contra, 
Artemisia  santonica  —  s.  Contra  vermes,  Artemi- 
sia santonica — s.  Masculinum  seu  virile  seu  geni- 
tale.  Sperm  —  s.  Muliebre,  Sperm  (of  the  female) 
— s.  Sanctum,  Artemisia  santonica — s.  Zedoarise, 
Artemisia  santonica. 

SEMENCE,  Sperm. 

SEMENTINA,  Artemisia  santonica. 

SEMI,  from  'rmiav,  '  half.'  Semi  or  demi,  in 
composition,  universally  signifies  '  half;'  both  in 
French  and  English, 

SEMIAN'IMIS,  Semimor'tum,  Sem'inex,  *Se- 
mivi'vus  ;  from  semi,  'half,'  and  animus,  'soul.' 
Half-living.     Half-dead. 

SEMI-BULB  OF  THE  FEMALE,  Bulbui 
vestibuli. 

SEMICANALICULUS,  Sulcus. 

SEMICANALIS,  Sulcus. 

SEMIGEPHALUS,  Hemieephalui. 


SEMICIRCULI 


782 


SEMISPINALIS 


SEMICTRCULI  OSSEI,  Semicircular  canals. 
SEMICIR'CULAR,  Semicircida'ris.     That 
which  represents  the  half  of  a  circle. 

Semicircolae  Canals,  Cana'lee  seu  Ductus 
eemicircuW rea  seu  tuhaform'ea  seu  circula'res, 
Semicir'culi  os'sei,  Funes  seu  Oanalic'uli  semi- 
onnula'res  labyrin'thi,  (F.)  Canaux  demicircu- 
laires,  are  seated  in  the  pars  petrosa  of  the  tem- 
poral bone,  and  open  into  the  vestibule,  behind 
which  they  are  situate.  They  are  three  in  num- 
ber, of  which  one  is  suj)erior  or  vertical,  cana'lis 
semicircida'ris  vertica'lis  supe'rior;  another  poste- 
rior or  oblique,  cana'lis  semicircida'ris  vertica'lis 
paste' rior,  and  the  third  exterior  or  horizontal, 
caualis  semicircida'ris  horizonta'lis.  Their  pa- 
rietes  are  formed  of  a  bony,  compact,  hard  plate. 
Their  uses  in  audition  are  not  known  :  at  their 
termination  they  have  the  elliptical  arrangements 
called  ampid'lm ;  and  by  both  extremities  they 
open  into  the  vestibule,  in  the  sac  at  its  superior 
part — the  iSric'c>du8Ellip'ticiis,Al'veus  sen  Utric'- 
ulus  commu'nis,  Utricle,  Sinus  or  Alveiis  ufriculo'- 
S'ls,  Saccultis  cestibuli  or  3fedian  sinus.  In  front 
of  the  S.  ellipticus,  nearer  the  cochlea,  and  oppo- 
site the  foramen  ovale,  is  the  Sac'cidus  spher'icus 
or  sacculns. 

SEMICIRCULUS  EXSCULPTUS,  Hiatus 
diaphragmatis  aorticus. 
SEMICON'GIUS.  Half  a  gallon,  or  four  pints. 
SEMICU'BIUM,  Semicupium,  Inses'sio,  In- 
ces'sio,  Encathis'rn.a,  Excathis'ma,  (F.)  Demibain, 
from  semi,  '  half,'  and  evbare,  '  to  lie  down.'  A 
half-bath,  or  such  as  receives  only  the  hips  or 
extremities. 

SEMICUPIUM,  Bath,  half,  Semi-cubium— Se- 
mi-fibulEeus,  Peronteus  brevis  —  Semi-interosseus 
indicis,  Abductor  indicis  —  Semi-interosseus  pol- 
licis,  Opponens  pollicis. 
SEMILIBRA,  Selibra. 

SEMILLA  DEL  GUACHARO.  Various  kinds 
of  hard  and  dry  fruits,  found  in  the  stomachs  of 
the  young  Guacharoes,  a  sort  of  nocturnal  bird. 
The  fruits  are  a  celebrated  South  American 
remedy  in  ague. 

BEMILU'NAR,  Semilnna'ris,  (F.)  Bemi-lu- 
naire  ou  Semi-lttnaire,  from  semi,  'half,'  and  luna, 
'the  moon.'     Having  the  shape  of  a  half-moon. 

Semilunar  Cart'ilages,  Semilunar  fibro-car- 
tilages,  Sigmoid  car'tilages,  Cartilag"ines  sig- 
tno'idecB  seu  semiluna'res,  are  two  fibro-cartilages, 
which  exist  between  the  condyles  of  the  os  femo- 
ris  and  the  articular  surfaces  of  the  tibia.  The 
innermost,  which  is  longer  from  before  to  behind 
than  transversely,  is  nearly  semicircular.  The 
outermost  forms  almost  an  entire  circle;  an  ar- 
rangement, in  both  cases,  corresponding  to  the 
different  surfaces  of  the  tibia.  They  are  thicker 
at  their  outer  circumference,  which  is  convex, 
tlian  at  the  inner,  which  is  concave  and  very 
thin.  Both  are  inserted,  before  and  behind,  into 
the  spine  of  the  tibia,  by  means  of  fibrous  fascia;. 
Semilunar  Ganglion, — Ganglion  abdomina'le 
ECU  splanch' nicwn  seu  transver'sum  seu  sola're, 
G.  aurr&nal,  (Ch.),  belongs  to  the  great  sympa- 
thetic. These  ganglia  present  considerable  va- 
riety, a,nd  are  deeply  situate  in  the  abdomen, 
above  and  behind  tl:e  supra-renal  capsules.  They 
correspond,  posteriorly,  to  the  pillars  of  the  dia- 
phragm and  the  aorta.  They  have  the  shape  of 
a  crescent  reversed,  often  surrounded  by  other 
ganglia  of  a  smaller  size.  From  their  periphery 
the  numerous  filaments  proceed,  which  go  to  the 
formation  of  tlie  solar  plexus. 

Semilunar  Notch  oftiir  Sternum,  Fourcheite 
—  f?.   Valves,    Sigmoid   valves  —  s.    Masculatus, 
Knnucli. 
FEMILUNULA  UNGUIUM,  sec  Nail. 
6EMI-MAS,  Eunuch. 


SEMIMASCULUS,  Eunuch. 
SEMIMEMBRANEUS,  Semimembranosus. 
SEMIMEMBRANO  'S  US,  Semimewbra'neu», 
(F.)  Ischio-popliti- femoral,  Ischio  -popliti-tibial^, 
(Ch.)  Demimembraneux.  A  muscle  situate  at  the 
posterior  part  of  the  thigh.  It  is  flat,  thin,  nar- 
row, and  aponeurotic  in  its  upper  third  ;  broader 
and  fleshy  in  the  middle,  and  tendinous  below. 
It  is  attached  above  to  the  tuberosity  of  the  is- 
chium; and  below — by  a  tendon,  which  has  three 
divisions — to  the  outer  condyle  of  the  femur,  and 
to  the  posterior  and  inner  part  of  the  internal 
tuberosfty  of  the  tibia.  This  muscle  is  a  rotator 
inwards,  and  a  flexor  of  the  leg.  It  can  also  bend 
the  thigh  upon  ttie  leg.  In  standing  it  maintains 
the  pelvis  in  position,  and  can  even  draw  it  down- 
wards. 

SEMIMORTUUS,  Semianimis. 
SEMINA  CATAPUTIiE  MAJORIS,  see  Rici- 
nus  communis. 

Se'mina  Frig'ida  Majo'ra.  The  greater  cold 
seeds.  The  ancients  gave  this  name  to  the  emul- 
sive seeds  of  the  cucumber,  melon,  gourd,  and 
water-melon. 

Semina  Frigida  Minora.  The  lesser  cold  seeda. 
The  ancients  gave  this  name  to  the  seeds  of  the 
lettuce,  purslane,  endive,  and  cichory. 

Semina  Ricini  Vulgaris,  see  Ricinus  commu- 
nis. 

SEMINAL,  Spermatic — s.  Filaments,  Sperma- 
tozoa— s.  Fluid,  Sperm — s.  Granules,  see  Granule. 
SEMINALE  MEMBRUM,  Penis. 
SEMINALIS,  Spermatic. 
SEMINERVOSUS,  Semi-tendinosus. 
SEMIORBICULARIS,  Orbicularis  oris. 
SEMIPESTIS,  Typhus. 
SEMINEX,  Semianimis. 
SEMINIA  MORBORUM,  Predisposition. 
SEMINIF'EROUS,  from  semen,   'sperm,' and 
fero,  '  I  carry.'     Spermatoph'orous.     An  epithet 
given  to  the  vessels  which  secrete  and  convey  the 
seminal  fluid. 

SEMINIUM,  Sperm.       - 
SEMIOGRAPHY,  Semeiography. 
SEMIOLOGY,  Semeiology. 
SEMIOTICE,    Semeiotice— s.    Faciei,    Physi- 
ognomy. 

SEMIPLEGIA,  Hemiplegia. 
SEMISEXTUM,  Hemiecton. 
SEMISICIL'ICUS.     A  weight  of  one  drachm 
or  three  scruples.  —  Rhodius. 
SEMISIDERATIO,  Hemiplegia. 
SEMISIDERATUS,  see  Hemiplegia. 
SEMISOMNIS,  Coma. 
SEMISOPITUS,  Coma. 
SEMISOPORUS,  Coma. 

SEMISPEC'ULUM.  An  instrument  used  for 
dilating  the  incision  made  into  the  neck  of  the 
bladder  in  the  operation  of  lithotomy. — Fabriciua 
Ilildanus. 

SEMISPINA'LIS  COLLI,  Semispiua'tus  colli, 
Artie' ulo-spina'lis,  Transrer'no-spinalix  L'ldli,  Spi- 
nalis cervi'cis.  Spinalis  Colli,  Transrersa'lis  Colli, 
Transversospinal,  (F.)  Demi-epiiieiur  ou  trana- 
versoire-epineux  du  con.  This  niiisplc  arises  from 
the  transverse  processes  of  the  six  ujiiiermost 
dorsal  vertebrfE,  by  an  equal  numlicr  of  distinct 
tendons,  which  run  obliquely  under  the  com- 
plexus,  and  is  inserted  in  the  spinous  processes 
of  all  the  cervical  vertebrae,  except  tlie  first  and 
last.  Its  action  is,  to  extend  the  nocli  obliquely 
backwards  and  to  one  side. 

SrMISPINALIS  DorSI,  Semi-spi)i<dis  crteriiua, 
Transcer'so-Hpinalia  dorsi,  Senii-spina'tiis,  (Rio- 
Ian),  Transversospinal,  (F. )  l)emi-<iiinciix  du 
do-1,  Transversa i re-cpineiu-  du  dos.  This  muscJ« 
arises  from  the  transverse  processes  of  the  se- 
I  venth,  eighth,  ninth,  and  tenth  dorsal  vertebrae, 


SEMISPIN-ATUS 


783 


SENSE 


by  as  many  distinct  tendons,  TThieh  soon  grow 
fleshy;  and  then  again  become  tendinous,  and 
ere  inserted  into  the  spinous  processes  of  the 
sixth  or  seventh  uppermost  dorsal,  and  two  low- 
est cervical  vertebra?,  by  as  many  tendons.  Its 
cction  is,  to  extend  the  spine  obliquely  back- 
wards. 

Semispinalis  Externus,  Semi-spinalis  dorsi — 
p.  Internus,  Transversalis  dorsi  —  s.  Spinatus, 
Lonffissimus  dorsi,  Semi-spinalis  dorsi. 

SEMISPmATUS  COLLI,  Semispinalis  colli. 

SEMIS'SIS,  Semis.  The  half  of  a  pound,- 
ounee,  drachm,  <fcc. 

SEMITENDINO'SUS,  Semi-nervo'sus,  (F.)  /»- 
cJiio-ereti-tibial,  iRcMo-pretihial,  (Ch.)  Vemiten- 
dineiix.  This  muscle  is  situate  at  the  posterior 
part  of  the  thigh.  It  extends  obliquely,  down- 
wards and  inwards,  from  the  tuberosity  of  the 
ischium — to  which  it  is  attached  by  a  flat  tendon, 
common  to  it  and  the  biceps — as  far  as  the  pos- 
terior and  inner  part  of  the  tibia,  to  which  it  is 
attached  by  means  of  another  round  tendon. 
Its  fibres  are  commonly  interrupted  by  an  apo- 
neurosis. Its  uses  are  the  same  as  those  of  the 
Bemimembranosus. 

SEMITERTIANA,  Hemitritsea  —  s.  Tierce, 
liemitritaja. 

SEMIUNCIA,  Hemiuneion. 

SEMIVIR,  Eunuch. 

SEMIVIVUS,  Semianimis. 

SEM'OLA,  BULLOCK'S,  a  farinaceous  ar- 
ticle of  diet,  which  is  recommended  as  highly 
nutritious  and  easily  digestible,  consequently  well 
adapted  for  infants  and  invalids,  is  said  to  consist 
of  the  gluten  of  wheat,  with  a  small  proportion 
of  starch.  Semola  and  Semolina  resemble  each 
other  greatly.  They  appear,  indeed,  to  be  iden- 
tical. 

SEMOLI'NA,  Manna  croiqy.  This  may  be 
made  by  grinding  wheat  in  an  apparatus,  sepa- 
rating the  flour  from  the  middlings,  dressing  the 
latter  four  diiferent  times  in  a  bolting  mill,  and 
sifting  through  parchment  sieves,  until  the  pro- 
duct is  perfectly  freed  from  bran.  In  Poland  it 
is  called  Craeoio  groats. 

Semolina  is  generally  imported  into  England 
from  the  Baltic,  and  in  Russia  is  said  to  be  ma- 
nufactured from  buckwheat.  It  has  a  granular 
form  like  some  kinds  of  oatmeal,  a  dingy  white 
colour,  a  farinaceous,  somewhat  insipid,  taste, 
and  is  well  adapted  for  the  diet  of  children  affect- 
ed with  derangement  of  the  bowels.  A  recent 
analysis  makes  it  consist  of  the  gluten  of  wheat 
with  a  certain  proportion  of  the  starch,  part  of 
the  latter  having  been  removed. 

SEMPERVIVUM  ACRE,  Sedum. 

Sempervivdm  Tecto'ruji,  S.  majus,  House- 
Leek,  Sedum  Majus  seu  Teeto'rnm,  A'izoon,  Beia- 
kala/eu,  BupTithalmus,  Barha  Jovis,  Sengreen, 
Agriosiii'ara,  Andrachahara,  Clirysosper'mum, 
(F.)  Jonharhe  des  toits.  The  leaves  have  a  mild, 
subacid  austerity,  and  are  often  applied  to  bruises 
and  old  ulcers. 

SEMU^SfCIA,  Hemiuneion. 

SENA.  Cassia  senna. 

SENE,  Cassia  senna  —  s.  d'Amerique,  Cassia 
Marilandiea — s.  Fatix,  Colutea  arborescens. 

SENEBIERA  CORON.OPUS,  Cochlearia  co- 
ronopus. 

SENE'CTO,  S.  vulga'ris,  En'g"erum,  Corfalon, 
Erigeron,  Groundsel,  Fireweed,  (F.)  Senc(}on  corn- 
man.  Fdmily,  Corymbifei-ae.  Sex.  Syst.  Synge- 
nesia  Poi3'gamia  Superflua.  A  common  plant  in 
Kurope;  frequently  applied,  bruised,  to  inflam- 
mations and  ulcers,  as  refrigerant  and  anti-scor- 
butic. 

Senecio  Hieracifolius,  Erechthites  hieraci- 
follaa. 


Senecio  Jacob.e'a,  Jacobw'a,  Sf.  James'  Wort, 
Rngu-ort,  (Y.)  JacoMc.  The  leaves  hav>?  a  rough- 
ish,  bitter,  subacid,  and  extremely  nauseous  taste» 
A  decoction  has  been  used  in  dysentery.  A  poul- 
tice of  the  leaves  has  been  recommended  in  rheu- 
matic affections;  und  a  decoction  of  the  root 
has  often  been  employed  in  cases  of  wounds  and 
bruises. 

SENEgON  COMMUN,  Senecio. 

SENECTA,  Seneetus. 

Senec'ta  An'guium.  The  cast  skin  of  a  ser- 
pent.    A  decoction  of  it  is  said  to  cure  deafness! 

Senecta  Deceepita,  Decrepitude  —  s.  Extre- 
ma.  Decrepitude  —  s.  Summa,  Decrepitude  —  s. 
Ultima,  Decrepitude. 

SENEC'TUS,  Senec'ta,  from  senei-e, '  to  be  old.' 
Geras,  Se'nium,  jEtas  seni'lis  seu  provec'ta  seu 
mala,  Old  age,  Senil'ity,  (F.)  Viellesse.  The  last 
period  of  life,  commencing,  according  to  some, 
at  60  years  of  age,  but  varying  according  to  nu- 
merous circumstances.  It  is  characterized  by 
progressive  diminution  of  the  physical  and  moral 
faculties. 

Senectus  Ultima,  Decrepitude. 

SENEGA,  Polygala  senega. 

SEN'EGrAL,  GUM,  Gnmmi  Senegalen'se  sen 
Sen'eca  seu  Sen'ega  seu  Sen'ica.  The  exudation 
from  the  Aca'cia  seu  IHmo'sa  Senegal — Family, 
Leguminosse,  Sex.  Syst.  Polygamia  Monoecia — 
which  grows  in  the  country  of  Africa  through 
which  the  river  Senegal  runs.  It  is  in  loose  or 
single  drops,  much  larger  than  gum  Arabic,  or 
the  gum  which  exudes  from  the  cherry  tree  ;  and 
is  much  more  difBcult  of  solution  than  the  former. 

SENEGINE,  see  Polygala  senega. 

SENEKA,  Polygala  senega. 

SENEVE,  Sinapis. 

SENGREEN,  Sempervivum  tectorum. 

SENILE,  Seni'lis,  from  senere,  '  to  be  old.' 
Relating  or  belonging  to  old  age  : — as  'senile  de- 
lirium ;'  dotage. 

SENILITY,  Senectus. 

SENNA,  Cassia  senna — s.  Alexandrina,  Cassia 
senna — s.  American,  Cassia  Marilandiea — s.  Blad- 
der, Colutea  arborescens — s.  Essence  of,  prepared, 
Selway's,  see  Infusum  sennas  compositum  —  s. 
Germaniea,  Colutea — s.  Italica,  Cassia  senna — s. 
Prairie,  Cassia  chamgeerista — s.  Wild,  Cassia  cha- 
mEeerista,  Cassia  Marilandiea. 

SENS,  Sense. 

SENSA'TION,  Sensa'tio,  from  sentire,  sensvnif 
'to  iQoi;'  JEsthe'ma.  The  consciousness  or  cog- 
nizance by  the  brain  of  an  impression  caused  by 
an  external  body  on  the  organs  of  the  senses.  (F.) 
Sentiment.  It  is  not  necessarily,  however,  confined 
to  bodies  external  to  us ;  for  we  can  receive  an  im- 
pression by  touching  any  part  of  our  own  body.  The 
body  which  communicates  the  impressions  needs 
but  to  be  external  to  the  part  impressed.  Sensa- 
tions are  divided  into  external,  internal  and  mor- 
bid. The  external  are  communicated  by  the  five 
organs  of  the  senses.  The  internal  are  such  as 
occur  within  the  body,  and  arise  from  some  alter- 
ation in  the  function  of  the  pnrt,  for  the  time 
being.  Hunger  and  thirst  are  internal  sensa- 
tions, as  well  as  all  the  natural  wants.  Jforbid 
sensations  may  be  either  internal  or  external. 
Objec'tive  sensations  are  produced  by  impressirn? 
on  the  peripheral  nerves ;  as  in  vision,  audition, 
&c.  Subjective  sensations,  such  as  originate  cen- 
trically,  or  in  the  encephalou, —  as  tinnitus 
aurium. 

SENSATIONAL,  Sentient. 

SENSE,  Sensns,  Sen'sio,  yEstJie'sis,  (F.)  Sena. 
Same  etymon  as  Sensation.  A  faculty,  possessed 
by  animals,  of  appreciating  impressions  from  ex- 
ternal objects.  The  senses  are  hve  in  number: 
sight,  hearing,  smell,  taste,  and  touch.    Of  these. 


SENSIBILITAS 


784 


SEPTUM 


the  first  two  and  the  last  administer  more  to  the 
intellect;  and,  hence,  have  been  called  by  some, 
the  intellectual  senses  :  the  other  two  seem  more 
destined  for  the  nutrition  of  the  body :  and, 
heuce,  have  been  termed  corporeal  or  nutritive 
senses.  Other  senses  have  been  suggested  —  as 
the  intense  sensation  experienced  during  the  ve- 
nereal act;  a  sense  of  heat  and  cold;  a  muscular 
sense,  a  common  sense  or  coensesthesis,  &c. 

Sexses,  Nervous  System  of  the,  Medulla 
oblongata. 

SENSIBILITAS,  Sensibility— s.  Anomala,  see 
Irritable  —  s.  Aucta,  see  Irritable  —  s.  Morbosa, 
see  Irritable. 

SENSIBIL'ITY,  SensihiV Has.  Same  etymon 
as  Sensation;  JEsthe'ma.  The  faculty  of  receiv- 
ing impressions,  and  having  the  consciousness  of 
them.  Bichat  defines  it  as  the  property  possessed 
by  living  bodies,  of  receiving  impressions,  whe- 
ther the  individual  be  conscious  of  them  or  not. 
In  the  former  case,  where  conscious,  he  calls  the 
sensibility  animal :  in  the  latter,  where  not,  he 
terms  it  organic.  This  last  is  common  to  vege- 
tables and  animals,  and  presides  over  nutrition, 
absorption,  exhalation,  secretion,  &c.  The  other 
does  not  exist  in  vegetables :  it  is  the  origin  of 
the  sensations — olfaction,  vision,  gustation,  audi- 
tion, thirst,  hunger,  pain,  &c.  There  are  few 
parts  of  the  animal  body,  but  what  are  sensible 
■ — if  not  in  health  —  in  disease.  The  free  extre- 
mities of  the  hair  and  nails,  and  the  epidermis, 
are  not  so.     See  Insensibility. 

SENSIFEROUS,  Sentient. 

SENSIO,  Sense. 

SEISrSITORIUM,  Sensorium. 

SENSORI-VOLIT"IONAL.  A  term  applied 
to  nervous  fibres  which  pass  to  and  from  the  ce- 
rcbro-spinal  axis,  and  are  respectively  concerned 
in  sensation  and  volition. 

SENSO'RIAL,  Sentient. 

Sensorial  Power,  according  to  Dr.  Wilson 
Philip,  is  composed  of  the  two  functions  of  sen- 
sation and  volition.  Dr.  Darwin  included  in  it 
the  power  of  muscular  contraction  ;  but  it  ought 
not  to  be  extended  to  acts  in  which  there  is  not 
consciousness. 

SENSO'RIUM,  Senso'rinm  commu'ne,  Or'ganon 
senso'rium  internum,  Sensiio'rivm,  Empo' rium  spi- 
rituuin,  u3Sstliete'rion,  Sen'sory.  The  common 
centre  of  sensations. 

SENSORY,  Sensorium,  Sentient. 
.  Sensory  Gang'lia.  A  name  given  by  Dr. 
Carpenter  to  a  series  of  ganglionic  masses  at  the 
base  of  the  brain,  which  are  in  direct  communi- 
cation with  the  nerves  of  sensation — as  the  olfac- 
tory, optic,  auditory  and  gustatory. 

Sensory  Nerves,  Nerves  of  sensation,  are  so 
called  in  contradistinction  to  Motor  nerves.  There 
are  general  sensory  nerves  —  as  those  connected 
with  the  .posterior  part  of  the  spinal  marrow,  and 
the  fifth  pair;  and  special  sensory,  as  those  of  the 
senses. 

SENSUS  iEGRITUDINIS,  Indisposition— s. 
Osmometricus,  Olfaction — s.  Perversus,  Pseudces- 
thesia. 

SEN'TIENT,  Sen'tiens,  Sen'sory,  lde'dg"enous, 
Senso'rial,  Sensa' tional,  Sensif  erous.  Feeling, 
causing  feeling. 

Sentient  Extremities  op  Nerves  are  their 
minute  terminations  in  the  organs. 

:^ENTIMENT,  see  Sensation. 

SEPARATO'RIUM,  from  separo,  '1  separate.' 
A  surgical  instrument,  for  separating  the  pericra- 
nidm  from  the  skull. 

A  Sep'aratory,  Vitrum  Hypoclep'ticum,  is  a 
pharmaceutical  vessel  for  separating  fluids  of  dif- 
ferent densities  frova.  each  other. 

SEPEDOGENESIS,  Sepedonogenesis, 


SEPEDONOGEN'ESIS,  Sepedogen'esis,  from 
anT^ebij)v,  ' putrescency,'  and  yivcais,  'generation.' 
A  septic  disposition  or  tendency;  such  as  is  met 
with  in  typhus  gravior. 

SEPBS,  Sa'pes,  'A  hedge,'  'a  row:'  as  Sepes 
seu  Se'ries  seu  Pecten  den'tium  : — a  row  of  teeth. 

Sepes  Dentidm,  See  Sepes. 

SBPHIRUS,  Scleriasis. 

SE'PIA,  *S'.  ofjicina'lis,  Se'pium,  Cuttle-Fish, 
(F.)  SeeJie.  The  osseous  part  of  the  cuttle-fish — 
PrcBcip'itans  mag'num — has  been  used  as  an  ab- 
sorbent, and  is  often  added  to  tooth-powders. 

SEPLASIA'RIUS.  A  name  formerly  given  to 
one  who  sold  perfumes,  ointments,  &c.  It  is 
derived  from  Se2}lasia,  the  name  of  a  public  place 
at  Capua,  where  such  preparations  were  fre- 
quently sold.     A  druggist. 

SEPSICHYMIA,  Septochymia. 

SEPSIS,  Putrefaction. 

SEPT^'MIA;  from  (rrnrro;,  'rotten,'  and  'aiua, 
'blood.'  A  morbid  condition  of  the  blood  pro- 
duced by  septic  or  putrid  matters. 

SEPTANA  FEBRIS,  Fever  septan. 

SEP'TENARY,  Septena'rius,  (F.)  SejMnaire, 
from  septera,  '  seven.'  '  Consisting  of  seven.' 
The  septenary  years  of  the  old  believers  in  cri- 
tical periods  were  times  at  which,  it  was  sup- 
posed, important  changes  might  be  expected  to 
take  place.  The  grand  climacteric  was  fixed  at 
63,  and  it  was  considered  that  if  a  person  passed 
that  age,  he  had  well-founded  expectations  that 
his  life  might  be  protracted  to  90. 

SEPTENNIAD,  Climacteric,  (years.) 

SEPTFOIL,  UPRIGHT,  Tormentilla. 

SEPTIC,  Sep'ticus,  Septus,  from  ctjttciv,  '  to 
rot,'  arjTrros,  'rotten.'  That  which  produces  pu- 
trefaction. A  substance  which  corrodes  and  dis- 
organizes the  soft  parts  without  causing  much 
pain. 

Septic  Poison,  see  Poison. 

SEPTICEMIA,  Septcemia. 

SEPTIMESTRIS  FOETUS,  see  Foetus  septi- 
mestris. 

SEPTINERVIA,  Plantago. 

SEPTOCHYM'IA,  Sepsichym'ias  from  ati^^n, 
'putrefaction,'  and  Xvjxos,  'juice.'  Putrefaction 
or  putrescency  of  the  humours. 

SEPTOPYRA,  Typhus  gravior. 

SEPT'ULUM;  diminutive  of  sejitum,  'a.  parti- 
tion.' A  division  between  small  spaces  or  cavi- 
ties—  as  the  se2)tula  or  fibrous  cords  given  off  by 
the  mediastinum  testis  to  be  inserted  into  the  in- 
ner surface  of  the  tunica  albuginea. 

SEPTUM,  (F.)  Cloison.  A  part  intended  to 
separate  two  cavities  from  each  other,  or  to  di- 
vide a  principal  cavity  into  several  secondary 
cavities. 

These  septa  are  numerous  in  the  human  body. 
The  chief  are  the  following :  — 

Septum  Cerebelli,  Falx  cerebelli — s.  Cerebri, 
Falx  cerebri — s.  Cochleee  auditoriffi,  Lamina  spi- 
ralis. 

Septum  Cordis,  Septum  me'dium  cordis.  The 
partition  which  separates  the  two  ventricles  of 
the  heart. 

Septum  Encephali,  Tentorium. 

Septum  Lu'cidum  sen  pclluci'dum  seu  fen'ite  ct 
pellucidum  seu  medium  seu  Spec'ulum  Incidum 
seu  Lapis  sptecida'ris  seu  Ilediasti'num  seu  Dia- 
phragma  ventriculo' rum  latern'lium  cer'ehri,  Spe- 
culum, (F.)  Septum  median,  (Ch.)  Cloison  trans- 
parente.  The  soft  portion  or  medullary  sub- 
stance, which  separ.ites  the  two  lateral  ventricles 
of  the  brain  from  each  other.  This  septum  is 
composed  of  two  laminaj;  between  which  a  small 
cavity  exists,  filled  by  a  serous  fluid,  and  called 
the  Fossa  of  Syl'vius,  5th  ventricle  of  Cuvier,  Sinu» 
of  the  median  septum,  (Ch.)     T^he  brothers  Wen- 


SEPTUM 


735 


SERUM 


zol  are  of  opinion  that  this  cavity  is  lined  by  a 
peculiar  membrane. 

SEPTUM  MEDIAN,  S.  lucidum— s.  Median 
du  cervelet,  Falx  eerebelli — s.  Medium  cerebri,  S. 
•  lucidum. 

Septum  Na'bium,  Interseptum  seu  Di^sepimen'- 
titin  seu  Interfi'nium  seu  Discri'men  seu  Imbrex 
seu  Diaphrac/'ma  na'rium,  (F.)  Cloiaon  des  Posses 
iiasales.  The  partition  between  the  nares.  It  is 
formed  by  the  vomer,  the  perpendicular  plate  of 
tile  ethmoid  bone,  and  a  cartilage  of  a  triangular 
shape.  These  parts  are  lined  by  the  pituitary 
membrane,  which  receives  a  considerable  number 
of  nerves  and  vessels. 

Septum  Nasi,  see  Nares. 

Septum  Parvum  Occipitale,  Fals  eerebelli — 
E.  Pectiniforme,  see  Cavernous  bodies — s.  Pellu- 
cidum,  S.  Lucidum — s.  Scalae,  Lamina  spiralis — 
s.  Staphylin,  Velum  pendulum  palati  —  s.  Tenue 
et  pellucidum,  S.  lucidum  —  s.  Thoracis,  Medias- 
tinum—  s.  r)-a)i«!/e)-«e,  Tentorium  —  s.  Transver- 
sum.  Diaphragm  —  s.  Vestibuli  nervoso-membra- 
naceum,  see  Labyrinth. 

SEPTUS,  Septieus. 

SEPUM,  Sevum. 

SEQUES'TRUM,  from  sequestra,  '  I  separate.' 
The  portion  of  bone,  in  necrosis,  which  is  dead, 
and  separated  from  the  living  bone ;  acting,  whilst 
retained,  as  an  extraneous  body.  When  the  se- 
questrum is  superficial  and  small,  it  is  called 
Ej:/olia'twn. 

SERAPEUM,  Syrup. 

SERAPINON,  Sagapenum. 

SERAPIUM.  Syrup. 

SERBET.  Soherbet. 

SER'ICUM,  Silk;  from  ^e;-es— the  Thibetans 
probably  —  from  whom  it  was  first  obtained. 
(F.)  Suie.  The  thread  spun  by  the  Bomhyx 
Mori  or  Silkworm.  Silk  is  used  by  surgeons  for 
ligatures,  &c. 

Sericuh  Anglicum,  see  Sparadrapum  adhsesi- 
vum. 

SERIES  PENTIUM,  see  Sepes. 

SERIEUX,  Serious. 

SERfXGUE,  Syringe. 

SEPi-IOLA,  Cichoriura  intybus. 

SE'RIOUS,  (F.)  Serieux,  Grave.  A  term  ap- 
plied to  a  disease,  Pyspathi'a,  Ilorhns  gravis,  and 
to  a  symptom  that  is  attended  with  danger. 

SERIS,  Ciehorium  intybus. 

SERMOUNTAIN,  Laserpitium  album. 

SERO-COLITIS,  see  Colitis. 

SERO-CYSTIC,  Sero-cyst'icus.  An  epithet  to 
tumours  of  the  female  breast,  which  consist,  in 
the  first  stage,  of  one  or  more  membranous  cysts, 
produced  perhaps  by  dilatation  of  portions  of  the 
lactiferous  tubes. 

SERO-HEPATITIS,  see  Hepatitis. 

SER'OLIN,  from  serum,  '  whey.'  A  fatty  mat- 
ter detected  in  the  blood  by  Boudet,  Lecanu, 
Sanson,  and  others. 

SEROSITE,  Serum. 

SEROSITY,  Serum. 

SEROUS,  Sero'siis,  (F.)  Sereux.  Thin  ;  watery. 
'Relating  to  the  most  watery  portion  of  animal 
fluids,  or  to  membranes  that  secrete  them.  See 
Serum. 

Serous  Layer,  see  Taehe  emhryonnaire. 

Serous  Membranes,  Membranes,  serous. 

SERPEDO,  Psoriasis. 

SERPENT,  Serpens,  Anguis,  Ophis ;  from 
serpo,  '  I  creep.'     A  snake. 

Snake  Broth  was,  at  one  time,  recommended 
as  a  restorative. 

Many  serpents  are  venomous  :  and  the  bites  of 
some  fatal.     See  Poisons,  Table  of. 

SERPENTAIRE  NOIRE,  Actaa  racemosa. 

SERPENTARIA,  Aristolochia  serpentaria  — 
50 


s.  Gallorum,  Arum  dracunculus  —  s.  Hispanica, 
Scorzonera — s.  Minor,  Arum  maculatum — s.  Ni- 
gra, Aetata  racemosa. 

SERPENTARIA  BRAZILIENSIS  RADIX, 
Caincje  radix. 

SERPENTIN,  see  Alembic. 

SERPENTINE,  Ophites. 

SERPENTINUS,  Ophites. 

SERPES,  Herpes. 

SERPIG"INOUS,  from  serpere,  'to  creep.' 
An  epithet  given  to  certain  affections,  which 
creep,  as  it  were,  from  one  part  to  another, — 
'Serpiginous  erysipelas,'  (F.)  Erysipele  serpigi- 
neux. 

SERPIGO,  Herpes  circinatus,  Lichen  pso- 
riasis. 

SERPILLUM,  Thymus  serpyllum. 

SERPOLET,  Thymus  serpyllum. 

SERPULLUM,  Thymus  serpyllum. 

SERPYLLUM,  Thymus  serpyllum  —  s.  Citra- 
tum,  see  Thymus  serpyllum. 

SERRA,  Saw  —  s.  Amputatoria,  Saw,  amputa- 
tion —  s.  Versatilis,  Trepan. 

SERRAT'ULA  AMA'RA,  Family,  Cynaroce- 
phalea3.  Sex.  Syst.  Syngenesia  Polygamia  aequa- 
lis.  A  species  of  Sawwort,  recommended  in 
ague. 

Serratula  Behen,  Centaurea  behcn. 

SERRATUS  ANTICUS  MINOR,  Pectoralis 
minor  —  s.  Major,  Serratus  magnus. 

Serra'tus  Magnus.  So  called  from  its  ser- 
rated appearance ;  from  serra,  '  a  saw.'  Serratus 
major  anti'cus,  Serratus  major,  (F.)  Costobasi- 
scapulaire,  Costo-scapulnire,  (Ch.,)  Grand  dentele. 
A  very  broad  (especially  anteriorly,)  thin,  flat, 
irregularly  quadrilateral  muscle,  situate  at  the 
sides  of  the  thorax.  It  is  attached,  before,  to 
the  external  surface  of  the  first  8  or  9  ribs,  by  as 
many  distinct  digitations ;  and,  behind,  to  the 
spinal  edge  of  the  scapula.  The  superior  fibres 
are  almost  horizontal ;  the  lower  become  gradu- 
ally more  and  more  oblique  upwards  and  back- 
wards. This  muscle  carries  the  scapula  forwards, 
and  causes  it  to  execute  a  movement  of  rotation, 
which  directs  its  inferior  angle  forwards,  and  the 
anterior  upwards.  When  the  shoulder  is  fixed, 
it  raises  the  ribs. 

Serratus  Posti'cus  Inferior,  (F.)  Dorso- 
lombo-eostal,  Lombo-costal,  (Ch.,)  Petit  dentele 
posterieur  et  inferieur.  A  broader  and  thinner 
muscle  than  the  following,  but  nearly  of  the 
same  shape.  It  is  situate  obliquely  at  the  lower 
part  of  the  back  ,•  and  extends  from  the  spinous 
processes  of  the  last  two  or  three  dorsal  verte- 
brtB,  and  the  first  two  or  three  lumbar,  to  the 
inferior  margin  of  the  last  four  false  ribs.  This 
muscle  depresses  the  ribs,  and  thus  concui-s  in 
expiration.     It  is  an  antagonist  to  the  next. 

Serratus  Posti'cus  Supe'rioe,  (F.)  Cervici- 
dorso-costal,  Dorso-costal,  (Ch.)  Petit  dentele  su- 
perieur.  A  flat,  thin,  quadrilateral  muscle : 
situate  obliquely  at  the  posterior  inferior  part  of 
the  neck,  and  the  superior  part  of  the  back.  It 
passes  from  the  jiosterior  cervical  ligament,  the 
spinous  process  of  the  last  cervical  vertebra; 
from  the  spinous  processes  of  the  first  two  or 
three  dorsal,  to  the  second,  third,  fourth,  and 
fifth  ribs ;  into  which  it  is  inserted  by  as  many 
digitations.  It  raises  the  ribs,  and  is,  conse- 
quently, an  inspiratory  muscle. 

SERTULA  CAMPANA,  Trifolium  melilotus. 
SERUM,  Sperm. 

Serum,  'whey.'  Orrhos,  Oros,  Seros'ity,  (F.) 
Serosite.  The  most  watery  portion  of  animal 
fluids,  exhaled  by  serous  membranes.  It  is  a 
constituent  part  of  blood,  milk,  &c. 

Serum  of  the  '  Blood,  Ha'mydor,  Orr'io$, 
Ichor  saii'guivis,   (F.)    Serum    du    Sang,,  is    tl)9 


SERUM 


786 


SEVUM 


Hqnid  which  separates  from  the  blood,  when 
coagulated  at  rest.  It  is  of  a  greenish-yellow 
colour ;  viscid,  slightly  coagulable  by  heat,  acids, 
and  alcohol.  It  is  composed  of  water ;  chloride 
of  sodium ;  certain  phosphates;  and  albumen, 
constantly  united  to  soda,  almost  in  a  sapona- 
ceous combination. 

The  fluid  which  exudes  from  the  albumen  of 
the  serum  of  the  blood,  when  coagulated  by  heat, 
is  by  some  called  seroiity. 

StRUMBU  SANG,  S.  of  the  blood. 

Serum  Lactis,  Aqua  lantis ;  Serum  of 
Milk,  Whey,  (F.)  Sernm  du  lait.  Petit  lait. 
That  part  of  milk,  from  which  the  butter  and 
caseous  matter  have  been  separated.  It  is  a 
transparent,  citrine-coloured  liquid,  containing 
sugar  of  milk,  mucilage,  acetic  acid,  phosphate 
of  lime,  and  some  other  saline  substances.  It 
is  used  as  a  slightly  nutritious  diluent  and  refri- 
gerant. 

Serum  Lactis  Hoffmak'ni,  (F.)  Petit-lait 
d'Hoffmann,  is  a  name  given  to  the  liquid  re- 
gjlting  from  treating  with  boiling  water  milk 
which  has  been  evaporated  to  an  almost  solid 
consistence.     It  is  not  much  used. 

Rennet  Whey  is  made  thus :  mille  2  pints  : 
r  '.nnet  ^ss,  infused  in  a  little  hot  water;  mix  and 
keep  in  a  gentle  heat  for  some  hours,  then  strain. 
— Gray. 

Serum  op  Serous  Membranes,  Serum  mem- 
hranarum  serosa' rum,  Water  of  Dropsy,  (F.) 
SSrum  des  membranes  sereuses,  JSau  des  hydro- 
jjiques.  It  resembles  the  serum  of  the  blood, — 
especially  in  cases  of  hydrocele.  The  water  of 
hydrothorax  and  ascites  contains  much  less  al- 
bumen : — sometimes  enough  to  coagulate  on  the 
application  of  heat:  at  others,  not. 

SERVICE,  MOUNTAIN,  Sorbus  acuparia  — 
g   Tree,  Sorbus  domestica. 

SERVIETTE  EN  CARRE,  Couvrechef 

SES'AMOID,  Sesamo'i'des,  Sesamo'des,  Sesa- 
nwideus,  from  ariaaiAtj,  *a  grain  of  sesamum,'  and 
tiiog,  '  resemblance.' 

Sesamoid  Bones,  Osea  seu  Ossic'ula  sesamo'i- 
&ea,  are  small  bones,  situate  in  the  substance  of 
t«ndons,  near  certain  joints.  Their  number  is 
various.  They  are  commonly  more  in  the  male 
than  female.  Two  are  constantly  met  with  be- 
neath the  metatarso-phalangal  articulations  of 
ithe  great  toe.  Sometimes,  the  articulations  of 
other  bones  of  the  metartarsus  with  the  pha- 
^angea  of  the  toes  have  them  likewise.  In  the 
hand  there  are  two  before  the  metacarpo-pha- 
langal  joint  of  the  thumb.  At  times,  they  are 
met  with  in  the  other  metacarpo-phalangal  arti- 
culations. Occasionally,  two  exist  behind  the 
condyles  of  the  femur,  in  the  tendons  of  the 
.gastroenemii  muscles.  A  considerable  os  sesa- 
moideum  is  also  met  with  in  the  tendon  of  the 
peronaeus  longus.  These  bones  are  commonly 
round,  and  flattened  only  on  one  surface,  which 
is  inerusted  with  cartilage.  Their  size  is  very 
variable,  according  to  the  joints  in  which  they 
exist.  Traces  of  sesamoid  bones  are  not  ob- 
served in  infants  :  in  them,  they  are  replaced  by 
rmall,  cartilaginous  concretions.  They  are  de- 
veloped by  a  single  point  of  ossification  :  and 
.are,  like  the  patella  (which  is  a  true  sesamoid 
r>one,)  composed  of  much  cellular  substance, 
covered  by  a  thin  layer  of  compact  tissue.  The 
i<ee  of  these  bones  is,  —  to  allow  the  tendon  to  be 
inserted  into  the  lever  at  a  greater  angle  ;  and 
thus  enable  the  power  to  act  more  advanta- 
pvousl}-.  ' 

Riolan  has  given  the  name  Ossa  scsnmo'idea  to 
t\''0  bony  points  sometimes  met  with  ; — the  one 
attho  outer  side  of  the  carotid  canal  of  the  tem- 


poral hone ;  and  the  other  at  the  edge  of  the 
cavernous  sinus,  at  the  side  of  the  internal  caro- 
tid artery. 

SESAMUM,  see  Sesamum  orientale. 

Ses'asium  Orienta'le,  <S^.  edu'le  seu  oleif'erum, 
Benne,  Oily  Grain.  The  seeds  of  this  African 
plant  are  cultivated  in  Greorgia  and  South  Caro- 
lina, where  the  negroes  use  them  with  Indian  corn 
as  an  article  of  food.  They  yield  a  larger  propor- 
tion of  oil  than  any  other  vegetable  ;  one  hundred 
weight  producing  ninety  pounds  of  oil,  which  is, 
at  least,  equal  to  Florence  oil. 

Benne  oil,  Oleum  Ses'ami,  is  used  in  the  South- 
ern States  as  a  laxative.  The  leaves  —  Sesa- 
mum (Ph.  U.  S.)  —  afford,  by  infusion,  an  excel- 
lent mucilage. 

SESCUN'CIA,  Sesquiun'cia,  Semiol'ion.  An 
ounce  and  a  half.     See  Sesqui. 

SESELI,  Laserpitium  siler  —  s.  ^gopodium, 
Ligusticum  podagraria  —  s.  Annuum,  S.  tortuo- 
sum  —  s.  Carum,  Carum  —  s.  Carvi,  Carum  —  s. 
Creticum,  Tordylum  ofiBcinale  —  s.  Foeniculifo- 
lium,  Sison  ammi — s.  Graveolens,  Apium  grave- 
olens  —  s.  Meum,  ^thusa  meum  —  s.  Patens,  S. 
tortuosum  —  s.  Pratense,  Peucedanum  silaus — ». 
des  Pres,  Peucedanum  silaus. 

Ses'eli  Tortuo'sum,  Seseli  Ifassilien'se  seii 
an'nuum  seu  patens,  (Enan'the  stria' la  rig"ida, 
JIartwort  of  Marseilles.  The  seeds  have  a  warm 
taste;  and  a  greater  degree  of  pungency  than 
those  of  Laserpitium  siler,  which  is  the  Seseli  of 
the  Pharmacopoeias. 

SESQUI.  This  word,  joined  with  any  num- 
ber," weight,  measure,  &e.,  signifies  one  and  a 
half;  as  sesquiyrainim,  '  a  grain  and  half.' 

SESQUIUNCIA,  Sescuncia. 

SETA  EQUI'NA,  'a  horse's  hair.'  Hairworm, 
Helmin'thns  Gor'dii.  A  kind  of  worm,  found  in 
stagnant  water,  from  4  to  6  inches  long,  and 
twisted  into  various  knots  and  contortions;  co- 
lour pale-brown,  with  dark  extremities.  It  is 
common  in  the  intestines  of  the  Laplanders; 
cavising  the  Col'iea  Lappon'ica,  in  which  the  gri- 
pings  are,  at  times,  exceedingly  severe. 

SETA'CEUM,  Seto,  Seton,  from  seta,  'a  bristle.' 
A  long  strip  of  fine  linen  or  cotton  twist,  passed 
through  the  skin  and  areolar  membrane,  to  keep 
up  an  issue ;  or  through  suppurating  cavities, 
between  the  fragments  of  fractured  bones,  Ac, 
to  fulfil  certain  indications.  The  term  is,  also, 
applied  to  the  issue  so  established.  The  opera- 
tion is  simple.  It  consists  in  laying  hold  of  a 
fold  of  skin,  and  passing  a  seton-needle  through 
it,  with  the  thread  attached.  Every  day  a  fresh 
portion  of  the  thread  is  drawn  through  the  sore. 
Setons  are  established  in  many  diseases;  —  in 
obstinate  ophthalmipe,  cephalalgias ;  epilepsy, 
thoracic  and  abdominal  affections,  &c. ;  but  they 
are  not  as  much  used  as  formerly. 

SETARIA  ROCCELLA,  Lichen  roccella. 

SETFAST,  see  Furunculus. 

SETO,  Setaceum. 

SETON,  Setaceum. 

SETTERWORT,  Helleborus  foetidns. 

SEVADILLA,  Veratrum  sabadilla. 

SEVATIO,  Steatoma. 

SJiVE,  Sap. 

SEVRAGE,  Weaning. 

SEVUM,  Pingucdo. 

SEVUJf,  Sebum,  Scpum,  Stcar,  Adeps  oi-il'li, 
Seviim  vervcci'tiiim.  Suet,  mutton  suet;  Pui- 
guedo. 

Sr.voM  PrtF.para'tum,  Sevum  (Ph.  U.  S.), — 
Oiu'l'li  Se>:um  Prcepara'tum,  Prepared  Suei, 
(F.)  Graisse  dc  Mouton,  Suif,  is  formed  by 
cutting  suet  in  pieces;  melting  over  a  slow  fire, 
and  straining  through    linen.     It  is  emollieat, 


SEX 


787 


SIBBENS 


and  13  sometimes  boiled  in  milk  (§ij  to  Oj), 
and  is  used  in  diarrhoea  and  dysentery.  Its 
principal  employment  is  in  the  formation  of 
plasters. 

Sevujt  Yekvecixuit,  Sevuin. 
SEX,  Sexm,  Genos,  Physis.  The  physical  dif- 
ference between  male  and  female  in  animals  and 
vegetables;  —  as  the  Male  sex,  Sexiis  po'tior  sen 
for'tior  seu  vtri'lis ;  and  the  Female  sex, 
Sexiis  seq'uior,  S.  mulie'hris,  Alter  Sexus,  '  The 
Sex.' 

SEXTANS,  Sextapars  librm.  The  sixth  part 
of  a  pound.  —  Galen. 

SEXTA'RIUS.  An  ancient  measure  for  li- 
quid and  solid  substances.  See  Weights  and 
Measures. 

SEX'TDLA,  Hexagium,  'e^ayiov.  The  sixth 
part  of  an  ounce. 

SEX'UAL,  Sexxia'lis,  from  sextis,  'sex.'  That 
which  relates  to  the  sex ;  which  characterizes  the 
sex. 

Sexual  Diseases,  Morhi  sexua'lea,  are  the  dis- 
eases of  the  genital  organs ;  as  Sexual  Func- 
tions are  the  genital  functions. 

Sexual  Intercourse,  Coition  —  s.  Organs, 
Genital  organs. 

SEXUS,  Sex  — s.  Alter,  see  Sex  — s.  Fortior, 
see  Sex  —  s.  Muliebris,  see  Sex  —  s.  Potior,  see 
Sex  —  s.  Sequior,  see  Sex  —  s.  Virilis,  see  Sex. 
SEYDSCHUTZ  WATER,  Sedlitz  water. 
SHALLOT,  Echalotte. 

SHAMPOO'IXG,  Massing,  (F.)  Massage, 
Massement.  A  Hindoo  process,  which  consists 
in  pressing  the  body  of  the  bather  in  a  peculiar 
manner:  cracking  the  various  joints,  and  em- 
ploying blows  and  friction. 

'  Kneading'  consists  in  pressing  alternately 
upon  a  part  of  the  body  to  arouse  the  muscles  to 
more  energetic  action.  It  is  employed  at  times 
in  dyspepsia. 

SHAMROCK,  IXDIAN,  Trillium  latifolium— 
s.  Water,  Menyanthes  verna. 
SHANKER.  Chancre. 

SHAROX    SPRINGS,  NEW  YORK.     These 
springs,  which  are  situate  about  10  or  12  miles 
south  of  Canajoharie,  N.  Y.,  and  45  miles  west 
of  Albany,  are  much  frequented.     They  contain, 
according  to  the  analysis  of  Dr.  Chilton,  sulphate 
of  magnesia,  sulphate  of  lime,  chloride  of  sodium, 
chloride  of  magnesium,  sulphohydrate  of  sodium, 
sulphohydrate  of  calcium,   vegetable   extractive 
matter,  and  free  sulphohydric  acid  gas.     Their 
temperature  is  48°  Fahr. 
SHEATH.  Vagina. 
SHEEP  POISON,  Kalmia  latifolia, 
SHELLBARK.  see  Hickory. 
SHELL  FLOWER,    Trillium    latifolium  —  s. 
Liquid,  see  Calcis  murias  —  s.  Membrane,  Mem- 
brana  testas. 

SHEPHERD'S  PURSE,  Thlaspi  bursa. 
SHERBET,  Scherbet — s.  Orange,  see  Syrupus 
aurantii. 

SHERMAN'S  WORM  LOZENGES,  see  Worm 
lozenges.  Sherman's. 

SHERRY,  Sack,  see  Wine. 
SHIELD.  WATER,  Nelumbium  luteum. 
SHIN,    O'erea,    Crista    tib'i'cB.     The    spine    or 
anterior  part  of  the  tibia  or  leg.  It  is,  also,  called 
Ant)cne'y?iio».  and  Crea. 

SHINGLES,  Herpes  zoster. 
SHIP  FEVER,  see  Typhus. 
SHOCK,  see  Concussion. 

SHORT,  Sax.  j-eeojit;,  from  pcijian,  'to  cut,  to 
shear,'  shored,  sJior'd,  short,  (F. )  Court.  A  word 
used,  by  anatomists,  in  opposition  to  long/  and 
to  distinguish  parts  from  each  other  that  have 
otherwise  the  same  name. 

Shoet  Bones,  for  example,  axe  those  in  which 


the  three  dimensions — length,  breadth,  and  thick- 
ness —  are  nearly  alike ;  such  are  the  vertebrae, 
bones  of  the  carpus,  tarsus,  &c. 
Short  Ribs,  see  Costa. 
SHORTSIGHTED,  Myopic. 
SHORTSIGHTEDNESS,  Myopia. 
SHORTWINDED,  Pursy. 
SHOTBUSH,  Aralia  spinosa. 
SHOULDER-BLADE,  Scapula. 
SHOVEL  PICKEREL  WEED,  Unisema  del- 
tlfolia  —  s.  Pond,  Unisema  deltlfoiia. 
SHOW,  see  Parturition. 
SHOW-CHOO,  see  Spirit. 
SHOWER-BATH,  see  Bath. 
SHRUB,  perhaps,  from  Arabic,  sharah,  'syrup.' 
A  compound  of  spirits,  lemon-juice,  and  sugar. 

Shrub,  Sweet,  Calycanthus — s.  Sweet-scented, 
Calvcanthus. 

SHUD'DERING,  Frem'iius,  Phryag'ma,  from 
(G.)  Schauder,  Schauer,  {¥.)  Fremissement, 
Tressaillement.  A  peculiar  sensation,  felt  either 
externally  or  internally ;  and  which  seems  to  be 
the  result  of  a  spasmodic  movement  of  the  parts 
in  which  it  occurs.  A  slight  feeling  of  cold 
sometimes  accompanies  it.  It  is,  at  times,  the 
result  of  a  moral  cause,  and  is  often  the  precur- 
sor of  shivering. 

SHUMAC,  Rhus  eoriaria. 
SIAGANTRI'TIS,    from   Biaywv,    'the  jaw,' 
avrpov,   '  a  cavity,'  and  itis,  denoting  inflamma- 
tion.    Inflammation  of  the  lining  membrane  of 
the  antrum  of  Highmore. 
SIAGON,  Maxillary  bone. 
SIAGO'NAGRA,  from  aiayuv,  'the  jaw,'  and 
aypa,  ' a  seizure.'  Arthri' t is  maxilla' ris.  A  gouty 
or  rheumatic  affection  of  the  joint  of  the  lower 
jaw. 

SIALACHUS,  Salivation. 

SIAL'AGOGUE,  Sialago'gus,  Sial'ogogue,Pty- 
al'agogue,  Ptyas'magugue,  SaU'vans,  Saliva'tum, 
Sialocinet'icus,  Apojjhlegmat' isans  2>er  os,  (F.) 
Salivanf;  from  (7ia\ov,  'saliva,'  and  aydi,  'I  ex- 
pel.' That  which  provokes  the  secretion  of  saliva. 
Pj'rethrum  and  mercury  are  sialogogues.  Siala- 
gogues  may  be  of  two  kinds,  —  those  which  act 
through  the  circulation,  and  those  which  act  im- 
mediately on  the  salivary  organs.  Mercury  be- 
longs to  the  former,  —  pyrethrum  to  the  latter- 
class.  The  chief  sialagogues  are  armoraci,  cala- 
mus, mezereum,  pyrethrum,  tabaeum,  and  zin- 
giber. 

SIAL'ICA,  from  cnaXov,  'saliva.'     Medicines, 
which  affect  the  salivary  glands.  —  Pereir.a. 
SIALISMUS,  Salivation. 
SIALOCINETICUS,  Sialagogue. 
SIALOLITHI,  Calculi,  salivary, 
SIALOLOG"IA,    from   ataXov,    'saliva,'   and 
Xoyo;,  '  a  discourse.'    A  treatise  on  saliva. 
SIALOMA,  Saliva. 
SIALON,  Saliva. 
SIALORRHCEA,  Salivation. 
SIALOS'CHESIS,  from  (riaAov,    'saliva,'  and 
o-^ftrtf,  'retention.'     Retention  or  suppression  of 
the  saliva. 

SIALOSYRINGES,  Salivary  fistulse. 
SIALOZEMIA,    Salivation  —  s.    Mercuriali«, 
Salivation,  mercurial. 

SIAMESE  TWINS,  see  Twins,  Siamese. 
SIBARE,  Phrenitis. 

SIBBENS,  Sivvens,  Framhce'sia  Sco'tica.  Aii 
infectious  disease  in  the  mountainous  parts  of 
Scotland,  viewed  to  be  of  the  venereal  kinvi. 
Siioin,  in  the  Keltic,  means  raspberry  ;  and  it  ih 
said  that,  in  this  affection,  fungi  appear  like  rasp- 
berries. From  siioin,  the  inhabitants  have  mado 
sievin,  sihben,  sibhens,  and  sivvens.  By  some, 
this  affection  is  regarded  as  a  complication  of  tbo 


SIBILANT 


788 


SILE]S"E 


venereal    and    itch.      In   the    Orkneys,   sibhena 
means  itch.  —  Jamieson. 

SIBILANT,  Sib'ilus,  Sib' Hans,  from  sibilo,  '  I 
Kiss  or  whistle.'  Making  a  hissing  or  whistling 
sound.     See  Rale  sibilant. 

SIBILISMUS  AURIUM,  Tinnitus  aurium. 
•  SIBILUS  AURIUM,  Tinnitus  aurium. 
.  SICCAN'TIA,  from  siccare,  'to  dry.'    Xeran'- 
tiea,  (F.)  Siecatifs.     Drying  medicines.  —  Galen. 

SiccANTiA,  Desiccativa. 

SICGATIFS,  Siccantia. 

SICCATIO,  Drying. 

SICCHA'SIA,  aiK'xaaia,  '  disgust.'  A  distress- 
ing disgust  for  food ;  such  as  is  experienced  by 
ivomen  with  child. 

SICIL'ICUM.  A  Roman  weight  of  about  two 
drachms. 

SICK,  Sax.  feoe,  ^ger,  ^gro'tus,  Nos'eros, 
Noso'des,  Jacens,  Laborio' sua,  Lahorans,  (F.)  Ma- 
lade.  Labouring  under  disease.  Such  is  its  accep- 
tation in  old  English,  and  generally  in  the  United 
States.  In  England,  it  most  commonly  means, — 
affected  with  disorder  of  the  stomach  or  nausea. 

A  sick  person,  uSger,  JEgro'tus,  (F.)  Malade, 
who  is  under  the  charge  of  a  physician  is  said  to 
be  a  patient,  or  the  patient  of  the  physician.  At 
times,  but  rarely,  patient  is  used  for  a  sick  per- 
son in  the  abstract. 

Sick  Stomach,  Milk  sickness. 

SICKLY,  Morbo'sus,  Yaletudina'rius,  Adyn'- 
atos,  JVosac'eros,  Noso'des,  ilorbose,  (F.)  Maludif, 
One  who  is  subject  to  be  sick,  or  is  in  feeble 
health. 

SICKNESS,  Disease  — s.  Falling,  Epilepsy  — 
6.  River,  Milk  sickness  —  s.  of  the  Stomach,  Vo- 
miting —  s.  Swamp,  Milk  sickness. 

SICLIUM,  Sicilicum. 

SICUA,  Cupping-glass. 

SICULA,  Beta,  Penis. 

SICYEDON,  Cauledon. 

SIDA  ABUTILON,  Abutilon  cordatum. 

SIDE,  PAIN  IN  THE,  Pleurodynia. 

SIDERA'TIO,  Sydera'tio,  Sidera'tion,  from 
eidua,  'a  star;'  because  the  condition  was  thought 
to  be  produced  by  the  influence  of  the  stars.  The 
Btate  of  one  struck  suddenly,  without  apparent 
cause,  and  as  if  by  the  influence  of  the  stars  or 
planets — Planet-atrucJc.  The  ancients  comprised, 
imder  this  name,  difi'erent  morbid  conditions, 
«5uch  as  paralysis,  apoplexy,  and  gangrene. 

SiDERATio,  Apoplexy,  Asphyxia,  Phrenitis  — 
s.  Ossis,  Spina  ventosa. 

SIDERATION,  Astrobolismos,  Sideratio. 

SIDERION,  Ferramentum. 

SIDERITES,  Magnet. 

SIDERITIS,  Magnet,  Teucrium  chamsepitys. 

SIDEROS,  Ferrum. 

SIDEROXYLON,  Chrysophyllum  cainito. 

SIDHEE,  see  Gunjah. 

SIDMOUTH  (CLIMATE  OF).  Sidmouth  is 
in  Devonshire,  England,  on  the  sea-beach,  at 
the  mouth  of  the  Sid.  It  is  much  frequented  by 
invalids,  both  during  the  summer  and  winter. 
The  climate  is,  however,  damp,  and  subject  to 
eea-fogs. 

SIEOE,  Anus. 

SIELISMOS,  Salivation. 

SIELON,  Saliva. 

SIEVE,  see  Cribration  —  s.  Drum,  see  Cribra- 
tion. 

SIFFLEMENT  (F.),  from  sifflcr,  •  to  whistle.' 
Whistling. 

STEELE  MEN  T  MOB  ULE,  Chant  dea  artlrea, 
limit  musical,  'modulated  whistling,  or  music  of 
the  arteries.'  A  kind  of  sound  heard  on  auscul- 
tation, resembling,  at  times,  the  humming  of  cer- 
Ut,ia  uiseets. 


The  sound  is  chiefly  met  with  in  those  Isibour- 
ing  under  chlorosis. 

SIGAULTIAN  SECTION,  Symphyseotomy. 

SIGE,  Taciturnity. 

SIGH,  Suspirium. 

SIGHT,  Vision  —  s.  Askew,  Dysopia  lateralis 
—  s.  False,  Metamorphopsia,  Pseudoblepsia  —  s. 
Feebleness  of.  Amblyopia. 

SIGILLUM  SALAMONIS,  Convallaria  poly- 
gonatum  —  s.  Virginitatis,  Hymen. 

SIGMATOID,  Sigmoid. 

SIGMOID,  Siymoid'al,  Sig'matoid,  Sigmo'i'dea, 
Sigmo'des,  Sigmo'i'deua.  That  which  has  the 
form  of  the  Greek  S  or  C  j  from  sigma,  and  u6os, 
'resemblance.' 

Sigmoid  Cabtilages,  Semilunar  cartib.ges. 

Sigmoid  Cavities  or  Fossae  of  the  Ulna,  (F.) 
Cavites  on  Fosses  sigmo'ides,  are  two  notches  at 
the  upper  part  of  that  bone,  —  one  for  the  recep- 
tion of  the  hnmerus ;  the  other  for  that  of  the 
radius. 

Sigmoid  Flexure  of  the  Colon,  Flexu'ra 
sigmo'i'dea,  is  a  turn  the  colon  takes  immediately 
before  its  termination  in  the  rectum. 

Sigmoid  or  Semilunar  Valves,  Yalvula  Sig- 
mo'i'dea, Proces'sus  Sigmo'i'des,  (F.)  Valvules  sig- 
mo'idea  ou  eemilunaires,  are  three  valvular  folds, 
at  the  commencement  of  the  pulmonary  artery 
and  aorta.  These  valves  have  the  form  of  a 
crescent,  when  applied  against  the  parietes  of 
the  vessel.  When  the  blood  is  sent  from  the 
ventricles  by  their  contraction,  the  valves  are 
applied  against  the  sides  of  the  vessel ;  but,  dur- 
ing the  diastole  of  the  ventricle,  they  are  de- 
pressed, and  prevent  the  blood  from  returning  to 
the  heart.  At  the  middle  of  the  convexity  of 
each  valve  is  a  small,  hard,  triangular  granulura, 
called  Corpus' culmn  seu  Glob'ulua  Aran'tii,  which 
completely  closes  up  the  passage.  It  is,  also, 
called  Cofpusculum  Morgagn'ii,  and  C.  Sesamoi'- 
deum,  (F.)  Globule  d'Arantius. 

SIGN,  Signum,  Semi'on,  (F.)  Sigrte.  -  Any 
present  or  past  circumstance,  afforded  by  the  ex- 
amination of  a  patient,  or  of  matters  concerning 
him,  whence  a  conclusion  may  be  drawn  regard- 
ing the  nature  and  seat  of  his  disease.  The  phe- 
nomena which  precede  the  disease  are  called  an- 
amnes'tie  or  commem'orative  eigns ; — those  which 
accompany  it  are  termed  diagnos'tic,  if  they 
reveal  the  nature  or  seat  of  the  disease,  — pro- 
gnos'tio,  when  they  indicate  its  probable  duration 
and  termination. 

SIGNA  ASSIDENTIA,  see  Assidens. 

SIG'NATURE,  Signatu'ra,  Signa'tio,  froa 
signum,  'a  sign;'  Ejyisphagism'os.  This  term 
was  applied  in  the  Eastern  countries,  in  the 
middle  ages,  to  mystic  characters  of  good  or  bad 
augury,  with  which  it  was  pretended  that  every 
one  was  marked  by  the  star  under  which  he  was 
born. 

Signatures  op  Plants  meant  certain  peculia- 
rities in  their  external  formation  or  colour,  which 
indicated  that  they  were  adapted  for  particular 
diseases  : — as  in  the  case  of  the  Lungwort,  Lirer- 
loort,  <fec. 

SIGNES  AVANT-COUREURS,  Precursory 
signs — s.  Prieurseura,  Precursory  signs. 

SIGNUM,  see  Parturition  —  s.  Charaeteristi- 
cum,  see  Pathognomonic  —  s.  Conjunctum,  see 
Pathognomonic  —  s.  Diacriticum,  see  Diacritica 
sigma — s.  Morbi  essentiale,  see  Pathognomonic. 

SILACH,  Silac.  An  Arabic  word,  used  to 
designate  thickening  of  the  eyelids,  Crassit"ica 
Palpebra'rum  ;  and,  also.  Alopecia. — Forestus, 
Stephanus. 

SILENCE,  see  Murmur,  respiratory. 
SILENE  CRASSIFOLIA,  Cucubalus  behen— 


SILER 


789 


SINUS 


8.  Inflata,  Cucubalus  behen  —  s.  Thorei,  Cucuba- 
lus  behen. 

Sile'ne  Virgin'ica,  Ground  Pink,  Wild  Pink, 
Catch  Fly.  The  root  has  been  employed,  in  de- 
coction, as  an  efiBcaeious  anthelmintic. 

SILER    LANCIFOLIUM,    Laserpitium  siler 

—  s.  Montanum,  Laserpitium  siler. 
SIL'IQUA,   Cera'tion ;   the  carat.     A  weight 

of  about  four  grains.     A  pod. 

SiLiQUA  Arabica,  Tamarindus — s.  Araci  aro- 
matici,  see  Vanilla — s.  Banillse,  see  Vanilla — s. 
Dulcis,  Ceratonium  siliqua — s.  Vanigliaj,  see  Va- 
nUla — s.  Vanillise,  see  Vanilla. 

SILIQUASTRUMPLINII,Capsieumannuum. 

SILK,  Sericum — s.  Weed,  Aselepias  Sullivan- 
tii,  Aselepias  tuberosa — s.  Weed,  common,  Asele- 
pias Syriaca  —  s.  Worm,  see  SSricum. 

SLLLON,  Sulcus  —  s.  Horizontal  de  la  veine 
ombilicale,  see  Liver  —  s.  Transversale,  see  Liver 

—  s.  de  la  Veine  cave  inferieur,  see  Liver  —  «.  de 
la  Veine  porte,  see  Liver. 

SILO,  Camus. 

SILPHIUM,  Laserpitium. 

Sil'phi0M  Peefolia'tum,  Ciq)  Plant,  Turjjen- 
tine  Srm  Floicer,  and 

Silph'ium  Terebinthina'ceum,  Pra'irie  Bur- 
dock, Rosin  Weed ;  Nat.  Order,  Compositae  ;  in- 
digenous in  Ohio  and  Michigan,  and  flowering 
from  July  to  September ;  yield  a  fragrant  gum, 
which  is  esteemed  stimulant  and  antispasmodic. 

SILUS,  Camus. 

SILVER,  Argentum — s.  Ammonio-chloride  of, 
see  Argentum  —  s.  Chloride  of,  see  Argentum  — 
s.  Chloruret  of,  see  Argentum — s.  Cyanide  of,  see 
Argentum  —  s.  Cyanuret  of,  see  Argentum  —  s. 
Iodide  of,  see  Argentum  —  s.  loduret  of,  see  Ar- 
gentum— s.  Leaf,  Magnolia  macrophylla — s.  Mu- 
riate of,  see  Argentum  —  s.  Nitrate  of,  Argenti 
nitras — s.  Oxide  of,  see  Argentum  —  s.  and  Am- 
monia, Chloride  of,  see  Argentum  —  s.  and  Am- 
monia, Chloruret  of,  see  Argentum. 

SILYBUM,  Carduus  marianus — s.  Maculatum, 
Carduus  marianus  —  s.  Marianum,  Carduus  ma- 
rianus. 

SIMAROUBA,  Quassia  simarouba  —  s.  Bitter, 
Quassia  simarouba — s.  Faux,  Malpighia  mourella. 

SIMARUBA,  Quassia  simarouba. 

SiMARUBA  Cedrok.  A  South  American  tree, 
the  seeds  of  which  —  cedron  seeds  —  have  been 
used  as  an  antidote  for  snake-bites.  They  have, 
also,  been  proposed  in  mental  diseases  and  in 
epilepsy.  The  scrapings  of  the  wood  have  been 
used  as  a  substitute  for  sulphate  of  quinia. 

SiMARUBA  Officinalis,  Quassia  simarouba. 

SIMILATIO,  Assimilation. 

SIMITIUM,  Plumbi  subearbonas. 

SIMO,  Camus. 

SIMONEA  FOLLICULORUM,  Acarus  folli- 
culorum. 

SIMOTRACHELUS,  Bysauchen. 

SIMPLES.  Medicinal  herbs.  One  skilled  in 
simples  is  called  a  Simph'st,  a  Rliizot' omist. 

SIMPLIST,  see  Simples. 

SIMULATED  DISEASES,  Feigned  diseases. 

SIMULATI  MORBI,  Feigned  diseases. 

SIMUS,  Camus. 

SINA  LEVANTICA,  Artemisia  santonica. 

SINAPELjE'ON,  from  atva-m,  'mustard,'  and 
t\iiiov,  '  oil.'     Oil  impregnated  with  mustard. 

SINAPI,  Sinapis. 

SINA'PIS,  Sina]Di8  nigra  seu  cer'nua  seu  Olive- 
ria'na.  Bras' sica  nigra,  Napiis,  Eru'ca,  Sina'pe, 
Sina'23i,  Na'pium,  Najjy,  Common  Black  3Justard, 
(F.)  Moutarde  noire,  Senei'e,  Sanve.  Family, 
Cruciferce.  Sex.  Syst.  Tetradynamia  Siliqu.isa. 
The  seeds  are  inodorous,  when  entire;  but,  when 
bruised,  the  odour  is  very  pungent;  taste  bitterish 
and  acrid.    They  yield  their  virtues  to  water,  and 


afford  a  bland  oil  by  expression.  The  seeds  are 
stimulant,  diuretic,  emetic,  and  rubefacient.  They 
are  sometimes  recommended  to  be  swallowed 
whole,  in  dyspepsia,  torpor  of  the  bowels,  <fcc. 
Externally,  they  are  applied  in  the  form  of  cata- 
plasm.    See  Sinapism. 

Sinapis  Alba,  S.  foHo'sa,  Bonannia  officina'lis, 
White  Mustard,  Nnpus  Lencosina'pis,  is  also  used 
medicinally.  It  is  somewhat  less  pungent  than 
the  black.  The  distilled  oil — Oleum  Sinapiis — is 
a  powerful  stimulant  and  rubefacient. 

Whitehead's  Essence  of  Ulustard  consists  of  oil 
of  turpentine,  camphor,  and  a  portion  of  spirit  of 
Rosemary :  to  which  is  added  a  small  quantity 
of  flour  of  mustard.  It  is  a  celebrated  embroca- 
tion for  rheumatism,  <fec. 

Whitehead's  Essence  of  Mustard  Pills  consist 
of  yelloio  resin  and  balsam  of  tolu  enough  to 
make  into  pills. 

Mustard  Whey  is  made  by  taking  bruised  mus- 
tard seeds  ^ss,  and  milk  Oj.  Boil  together  until 
the  milk  is  curdled,  and  strain. 

This  whey  is  used  in  dropsy. 

Sinapis  Arven'sis,  *S'.  Timoria'na,  Charlock, 
Wild  Mustard,  has  the  seeds  sometimes  substi- 
tuted for  black  mustard. 

Sinapis  Cer'nua,  Sinapis  —  s.  Eruca,  Brassica 
eruca — s.  Foliosa,  S.  alba — s.  Oliveriana,  Sinapis 
— s.  Tamoriana,  S.  arvensis  —  s.  Tuberosa,  Bras- 
sica rapa. 

SINAPISIS,  Bole  Armenian. 

SIN'APISM,  Sinapis'mus,  from  (rtvairi,  'mus- 
tard.' A  cataplasm,  of  which  mustard  forms  the 
basis,  which  is  used  for  exciting  redness,  and 
acting  as  a  counter-irritant.  It  is  prepared  by 
mixing  flour  of  mustard  and  vinegar  together  to 
the  due  consistence.     See  Cataplasma  sinapis. 

SIN'CIPUT,  Sincip'ital  Region,  Bregma,  Syn'- 
ciput,  3Iesocra'nium,  Mesoc'runum,  Hemicejiha- 
Ice'um,  Hemieephal'ium,  Hemieeph'alum  ;  the  top 
of  the  head.  The  French  use  it  synonymously 
with  vertex.  By  some  it  is  applied  to  the  frontal 
region  or  fore-part  of  the  cranium.  The  parietal 
bones  have  been  called  sincipital  bones,  Ossa  sin- 
cip'itis,  (F.)  Os  dii  sinciput. 

SINDON,  aivhav,  very  fine  linen.  A  small 
piece  of  rag,  or  a  round  pledget,  supported  by  a 
thread  at  its  middle,  and  introduced  into  the 
opening  in  the  cranium  made  by  the  trephine. 

SINEW,  Tendon. 

SINGLETON'S  GOLDEN  OINTMENT  is 
formed  of  sulphuret  of  arsenic  (realgar,)  and  lard 
or  spermaceti  ointment. 

SINGULT'OUS,  Lygmo'des,  Lygo'des,  Lyngo'- 
des,  Lynggo'des ;  from  Singultus,  'hiccough.'  Re- 
lating to  or  afi'ected  with  hiccough. 

SINGULT'US,  Lynx,  Lygmus,  Spasmolyg'mus, 
Clonus  singul'tus,  Pneiisis  singul'tus.  Hiccough, 
Hiccup,  (F.)  Hoquet.  A  noise  made  by  the  sud- 
den and  involuntary  contraction  of  the  diaphragm, 
and  the  simultaneous  contraction  of  the  glottis, 
which  arrests  the  air  in  the  trachea.  It  is  a 
symptom  of  many  morbid  conditions,  and  espe- 
cially of  gangrene,  but  occurs,  frequently,  in  per- 
sons otherwise  in  good  health. 

SIN'ISTRAD,  from  sinister,  '  to  the  left  hand.' 
A  term  used  by  Dr.  Barclay,  adverbially,  to  sig- 
nify 'towards  the  sinistral  aspect.'     See  Mesial. 

SINISTRAL  ASPECT,  see  Mesial. 

SINUEUX,  Sinuous. 

SINUOSITAS,  Sinus. 
-   SIN'UOUS,  Sinuo'sus,  (P.)  Sinuevjc,  from  sinww, 
'a  bay  or  curve.'     An  epithet  given  to  certain 
ulcers,  and  especially  to  certain  fistulae,  which 
are  tortuous. 

SINUS,  Sinuo'sitas,  Colpos,  Ahscon'sio,  Eury- 
cho'ria,  Reces'sus,  (F.)  Golfe.  Any  cavity,  the 
interior  of  which  is  more  expanded  than  the  en- 


SINUS 


790 


SINUS 


trance.  In  this  sense,  anatomists  have  applied 
the  term  to  cavities  in  certain  bones  of  the  head 
and  face.  It  has  been,  also,  applied  to  certain 
venous  canals,  into  which  a  number  of  vessels 
empty  themselves ;  such  as  the  sinuses  of  the 
dura  mater  and  of  the  spine  j  the  sinus  of  the  vena 
porta;  uterine  sinuses,  Ac. ; — and  to  the  bosom. 

In  surgery,  it  means  a  long,  narrow,  hollow 
track,  leading  from  some  abscess,  diseased  bone, 
&c.,  (F.)  Clapier. 

Sinuses  of  bones  form  part  of  the  nasal  cavities. 
They  are  the  frontal,  sphenoidal,  maxillary,  &c. 
The  name  has  also  Ijeen  given,  occasionally,  to 
the  ethmoid  and  mastoid  cells. 

Sinus  Acusticus,  Auditory  canal,  internal  — 
s.  Ampullaceus,  Cavitas  elliptica — s.  Aortici,  Si- 
nuses of  Valsalva — s.  Arteriosus,  S.  pulmonalis — 
s.  Basilar,  Sinus  transversus — a.  Caverneux,  Caver- 
nous sinus  —  s.  Cavernosi  uteri,  Sinus  uterini — s. 
Cavernosus,  Cavernous  sinus  —  s.  Cerebri,  Ven- 
tricles of  the  brain — a.  Choro'idien,  S.  quartus — 
g.  Circular,  of  Ridley,  Sinus  coronarius  —  s.  Cir- 
cularis,  S.  coronarius — a.  Coronaire  du  cceur,  see 
Cardiac  veins. 

Sinus  Corona'rius,  Sinus  circula'ris,  S.  ctrcu- 
la'ris  Ridleyi,  Circular  sinus  of  Ridley,  Cor'onary 
sinus.  A  venous  canal,  which  surrounds,  in  a 
more  or  less  regular  manner,  the  pituitary  fossa 
and  gland,  emptying  itself  into  the  corresponding 
cavernous  sinus  by  each  of  its  extremities. 

Sinus,  Coronary,  Sinus  coronarius  —  s.  Coro- 
nary of  the  heart.  Sinus  coronary,  venous. 

Sinus  Coronary,  Venous,  Coronary  sinus  of 
the  heart.  A  name  given,  on  account  of  its  great 
size,  to  that  portion  of  the  great  coronary  vein 
which  embraces  the  left  auriculo-ventricular  fur- 
row. 

Sinus  Coxje,  see  Cotyloid — s.  Droit,  S.  quartus. 

Sinus  Dexter  Cordis,  Simis  vena'rum  cava'- 
rum,  S.  veno'sus,  Saccus  vena'rum  cava'rum.  The 
right  auricle  of  the  heart :  —  A'trium  cordis  dex- 
trum.     See  Auricula. 

Sinuses  of  the  Dura  Mater,  Sinus  seu  Fis'- 
tuIcB  seu  Cavita'tes  seu  Ventrie'uU  seu  Tu'buli 
seu  Sanguiduc'tua  seu  Beceptac'ula  Dur<B  matris, 
are  formed  by  a  separation  of  the  layers  of  the 
dura  mater,  which  acts  as  a  substitute  for  the 
outer  membrane  of  veins.  Bichat  admits  only 
four  great  sinuses,  of  which  all  the  others  seem 
to  be  dependencies; — the  two  lateral  sinuses,  the 
straight  sinus,  and  the  longitudinal  sinus.  To 
the  lateral  sinuses  belong,  —  the  petrous  sinuses, 
superior  and  inferior;  the  transverse  sinus;  the 
cavernous  sinuses;  the  coronary  sinus,  and  the 
occipital  sinuses.  To  the  straight  sinus  belongs 
the  inferior  longitudinal.  The  longitudinal  sinus, 
properly  so  called,  has  no  sinus  under  its  depend- 
ence. 

Sinus  Falciformis  Inferior,  S.  longitudinal, 
inferior — s.  Falciformis  superior,  S.  longitudinal, 
superior — s.  Fourth,  Torcular  Herophili — s.  Genee 
pituitarius.  Antrum  of  Highmore — s.  of  the  Jugu- 
lar vein,  see  Jugular  veins  —  s.  Lacrymalis,  La- 
.  chrymal  sac. 

Sinuses  of  the  Larynx,  Ventricles  of  the 
larynx. 

Sinuses,  Lat'eeAL,  Sinus  transver'si,  S.  magni, 
S.  latera'les,  (F.)  Sinus  lateraux.  Each  of  these 
Binuses,  distinguished  into  right  and  left,  begins 
at  the  torcula'"  Herophili,  or  confluence  of  the 
Binuses,  and  terminates  at  the  sinus  of  the  jugular 

SINUS  LATERAUX,  Sinuses,  lateral. 

Sinuses,   Longitu'dinal,   S.  Longitudina'les. 

These  are  two  in  number.     1.  Superior  Longi- 

lUDlNAL  Sinus,  S.  f ale  if  or' mis  auperior,  S.  trian- 

■  gula'ris,  Sinua  median,  (Ch.)     A  long,  triangular 

canal ;  convex  above,  concave  below ;  which  oc- 


cupies the  whole  of  the  upper  edge  of  the  falx 
cerebrL  It  is  broad  behind,  and  much  narrower 
before,  where  it  commences  by  a  cul-de-sac,  at 
the  cristi  galli  of  the  ethmoid  bone.  It  passes 
along  the  frontal  or  coronal  crest,  sagittal  suture, 
and  the  vertical  groove  of  the  occipital  bone.  It 
receives  several  veins  from  the  dura  mater;  and 
all  those  that  are  spread  over  the  convex  and 
plain  surfaces  of  the  two  hemispheres  of  the 
brain.  It  discharges  itself  into  the  upper  part 
of  the  torcular  Herophili.  2.  Inferior  Longi- 
tudinal Sinus,  Sums  falcifor'mis  inferior.  Vena 
falcis  cer'ebri.  This  is  much  nanower  than  the 
last,  and  occupies  the  inferior  edge  of  the  falx 
cerebri,  from  its  anterior  third  to  the  tentorium 
cerebelli,  where  it  terminates,  commonly  by  two 
branches,  in  the  straight  sinus. 

Sinus  Magni,  Sinuses,  lateral — s.  Maxillary, 
Antrum  of  Highmore  — s.  Median,  Sinus  longi- 
tudinal superior  —  s.  Median,  see  Semicircular 
canals  —  s.  Muliebris,  Vagina. 

Sinus,  Occip'ital,  Sinus  occipita'lis.  These 
sinuses  commence  at  the  sides  of  the  foramen 
magnum  ossis  occipitis,  and  ascend  —  becoming 
broader  and  nearer  each  other  —  into  the  sub- 
stance of  the  falx  cerebelli,  where  they  frequently 
unite.  Each  opens  into  the  inferior  part  of  the 
torcular  Herophili.  They  receive  the  veins  of 
the  falx  cerebelli,  of  the  dura  mater  which  lines 
the  fossse  cerebelli,  and  of  the  posterior  part  of 
the  cerebellum.  Ilaller  and  Sommering  have 
given  them  the  name  oi posterior  occipital  sinuses, 
to  distinguish  them  from  the  transverse  sinus, 
which  they  have  called  anterior  occipital  sinus. 

Sinus  Occipitalis  Anterior,  Sinns  transver- 
sus— s.  Ophthalmic,  see  Cavernous  sinus — s.  Per- 
pendicularis,  S.  quartus  —  s.  Pituitarii  frontis. 
Frontal  sinuses  —  s.  Pocularis,  see  Ejaculatory 
ducts — s.  Polymorphus,  Cavernous  sinus— s.  Por- 
tarum,  see  Liver. 

Sinus,  Prostat'ic,  Sinus  prostat'icus.  A  fossa 
on  each  side  of  the  verumontanum,  in  which  are 
seen  the  numerous  openings  of  the  ducts  of  the 
prostate. 

Sinus  Pudendi,  Vagina  —  s.  Pudoris,  Vagina, 
Vulva. 

Sinus  Pulmonales,  Sinuses  of  Valsalva. 

Sinus  Pulmona'lis,  S.sinis'ter  cordis,  A'trium 
cordis  sinia'trum,  S.  vena'rum  pidmona'lium,  S. 
arterio' sus,  Saccus  vena'rum  pidmona'lium.  The 
left  auricle  of  the  heart.     See  Auricula. 

Sinus  of  the  Pulmonary  Veins,  Auricle,  left. 

Sinus  Quartus,  S. perpendicnla'ris,  (F.)  Sinua 
choro'idien  (Ch.),  Sinus  droit.  Straight  sinus.  This 
sinus — triangular  throughout;  wide  posteriorly; 
narrower  anteriorlj';  slightly  oblique  downwards 
and  backwards — passes  along  the  base  of  the  falx 
cerebri,  from  the  termination  of  the  inferior  lon- 
gitudinal sinus  to  the  torcular  Herophili.  It  re- 
ceives the  inferior  longitudinal  sinus,  the  veins 
of  the  lateral  ventricles  or  vence  Galeni,  the  supe- 
rior cerebellous  veins,  <fec. 

Sinus  Renum,  Pelvis  of  the  kidney — s.  Rhom- 
boideus,  see  Ventricles  of  the  brain  —  s.  of  the 
Septum  lucidum.  Ventricle,  fifth — s.  Sinister  cor- 
dis, S.  pulmonalis  —  s.  Sphenoidalis,  Cavernous 
sinus  —  s.  Straight,  S.  quartus  —  s.  Superciliares, 
Frontal  sinuses — s.  Terminalis,  Circulus  venosus 
— s.  Transversi,  Sinuses,  lateral. 

Sinus  TrANSVER'suS,  S.  occipita'lis  ante'rior, 
Bas'ilar  sinus.  This  sinus  lies  transversely  at 
the  anterior  part  of  the  basilary  process  of  the 
occipital  bone.  It  forms  a  communication  be- 
tween the  two  petrous  sinuses,  and  the  cavernous 
sinus  of  one  side,  and  those  of  the  other.  Its 
breadth  is  commonly  very  great.  It  is  situate 
between  two  layers  of  the  dura  mater,  and  pre- 
sents, internally,  a  kind  of  cavernous  tissue. 


SIPEERI 


191 


SIUM 


SiNTJS  Triangularis,  S.  longitudinal,  superior 
— s.  Urogenitalis,  Urogenital  sinus. 

Sinus  Uteei'xi,  Sinus  cavenio'si  U'tcri,  U'te- 
rine  sinuses.  A  name  given  to  cavities,  formed 
by  the  uterine  veins  in  the  substance  of  the  uterine 
parietes.    They  are  very  large  during  pregnancy. 

Sinus  Utriculosus,  see  Semicircular  canals — 
e.  (leg  Vaisseaux  seminiferes,  Corpus  Highmori." 

Sinuses  of  Valsal'va  are  three  depressions 
in  the  aorta — Sinus  aor'tici — and  pulmonary  ar- 
tery—  Sinus  2>ulmona'les — immediately  opposite 
the  semilunar  valves.  Their  use  is  to  leave  the 
edges  of  the  valves  free,  so  that  thej'  can  be 
caught  by  the  refluent  blood.  Where  the  aorta 
is  about  to  send  off  the  first  of  its  large  branches, 
iit  the  top  of  the  thorax,  it  is  of  great  size,  and 
has  been  called  the  Large  sinus  of  Valsalva. 

Sinus  of  the  Vena  Cava,  Auricle,  right  —  s. 
Venarum  cavarum,  S.  dexter  cordis — s.  Venarum 
pulmonalium,  S.  pulmonalis — s.  Venosus,  S.  dex- 
ter cordis. 

Si'nuses,  Yer'tebral,  (F.)  iS'/n«s  vertehranx. 
Two  great  venous  sinuses,  different  from  those  of 
the  dura  mater,  which  extend  the  whole  length 
of  the  vertebral  canal,  from  the  occipital  foramen 
to  the  end  of  the  sacrum,  behind  the  bodies  of  the 
vertebras,  before  the  dura  mater,  and  at  the  sides 
of  the  posterior  vertebral  ligament.  At  their  in- 
ner side  they  communicate  with  each  other  by 
means  of  branches,  which  form  true  transverse 
sinuses.  They  are  situate  at  the  middle  of  the 
body  of  each  vertebra,  passing  under  the  posterior 
vertebral  ligament.  They  receive,  at  their  mid- 
dle part,  the  veins  that  arise  in  the  spongy  tissue 
of  the  vertebrae.  By  their  external  side,  the  ver- 
tebral sinuses  communicate  with  the  posterior 
branches  of  the  vertebral,  intercostal,  and  lum- 
bar veins.  At  their  posterior  side  they  receive 
the  veins,  which  creep  on  the  prolongation  of  the 
dura  mater  that  envelops  the  marrow. 

Sinus  VulyjE,  Rima  vulvae. 

SIPEERI,  Bebeeru, 

SIPEERINB,  see  Bebeeru. 

SIPHAR,  Peritoneum. 

SIPHILIS,  Syphilis. 

SIPHITA,  Somnambulism  —  s.  Parva,  Chorea. 

SIPHO,  Siphon— s.  Urinte,  Diabetes. 

SIPHON,  Sipho,  aiipwv,  'a  tube.'  A  bent  tube, 
whose  limbs  are  of  unequal  length,  employed  in 
pharmacy  for  transferring  liquids  from  one  vessel 
to  another.  With  this  view,  the  shorter  limb  is 
plunged  into  the  fluid  ;  and  air  is  sucked  from 
the  extremity  of  the  lower  limb.  The  pressure 
of  the  atmosphere  forces  the  fluid  through  the 
tube;  and  the  flow  will  continue  as  long  as  the 
extremity  of  the  longer  limb  is  below  the  level 
of  the  fluid  in  which  the  shorter  limb  is  immersed. 

An  exhausting  syringe  is,  at  times,  attached  to 
the  longer  extremity  of  the  siphon  by  means  of 
which  the  air  can  be  drawn  from  it. 

Siphon,  Plunging.  An  instrument,  used  in 
pharmacy  for  obtaining  a  specimen, — at  times,  a 
measured  specimen,  —  of  any  liquid.  With  this 
view,  the  instrument  is  immersed  into  liquid,  and 
allowed  to  remain  there  until  full.  The  opening 
at  the  top  is  then  closed  with  the  thumb ;  and 
the  contents,  thus  removed,  are  allowed  to  flow 
out  by  removing  the  thumb  and  permitting  the 
entrance  of  air.     It  is  a  form  of  the  pipette. 

SIPHONIA  CAHUCHU,  see  Caoutchouc  —  s. 
Elastica,  see  Caoutchouc. 

SIPHUNCULUS,  Syringe. 

SIRA,  Orpiment. 

SIRENS,  Symmeles. 

SIRIASTS,  Coup  de  Soleil,  Insolation,  Phre- 
nitis  —  s.  ^gvptiaca.  Coup  de  Soleil. 

SIRIUM  MYRTIFOLIUM,  Santalum  album. 

SIRIUS,  Canicula. 


STROP  BE  CAPILLAIRE,  see  Adiantum 
capillus  veneris  —  s.  de  Coralline,  see  CoraUina 
Corsicana. 

SIRUP,  Syrnp. 

SISON  AMMI,  ^iJiii'snamnii,  Cuid'iam  tenui- 
folium,  Pimpinella  laterifo'lia,  Scs'eli  fceniculi- 
fo'lium.  Family,  Unibelliferffi.  Sex.  Syst.  Pen- 
tandria  Digynia.  The  plant  that  aflbrds  the 
Amnd  verum  of  the  shops;  (F.)  Ammi  de-i  Bou- 
tiques. The  seeds  —  Semen  Am' mios  cretici  sea 
veri  —  were  once  used  as  a  carminative. 

SisoN  Amo'mum,  (F.)  Amome  faux,  is  consi- 
dered to  be  excitant  and  diuretic.  It  is  the_^eW 
honewort. 

SisoN  Anisum,  Pimpinella  anisum  —  s.  Poda- 
graria,  Ligusticum  podagraria. 

SISTENS,  Epischeticus. 

SISYMBRIUM  ALLIARIA,  Alliaria— s.  Bar- 
barea.  Erysimum  barbarea — s.  Erucastrum,  Bras- 
siea  eruca — s.  Menthastrum,  Mentha  aquatica. 

Sisym'brium  Nastur'tium,  Nasturtium  aquat'- 
icum  sen  officina'le,  Laver  odora'tum,  Cratcves'- 
sium,  Cressi,  Cardami'ne  fonfa'na  sen  nastur'tium, 
Water  Cress,  (F.)  Cresson  de  fontaine.  Famihj, 
Cruciferae.  Sex.  Syst.  Tetradynamia  Siliquosa. 
Water-cresses  are  commonly  used  in  salad.  They 
have  obtained  a  place  in  the  materia  medica  for 
their  antiscorbutic  qualities. 

Sisymbrium  Officinale,  Erysimum  —  s.  Par- 
viflorum,  S.  sophia. 

Sisymbrium  So'phia,  S.  parviflo'rum.  Herb 
Sophia,  Sophia  Chirurgo'rnm,  Flix  or  Flux -weed, 
(P.)  Sagesse  dee  Chirurgiens.  It  was  once  re- 
puted to  be  anthelmintic,  and  valuable  in  hyste- 
rical affections.     It  is  not  used. 

Other  species  of  Nasturtium,  as  N.  Palus'trE, 
Harsh  water-cress ;  and  N.  ampihih'ium,  Water- 
radish,  possess  eimtlar  virtues  with  Nasturtium 
ofiieinale. 

SISYRIN'CHIUM  BERMUDIA'NUM,  Blue- 
eyed  grass,  Lily  grass,  Physic  grass,  Scurvy  grass; 
indigenous;  Order,  Iridaceas ;  flowering  from 
June  to  August.  Used  as  a  cathartic  by  the 
Thompsonians.  A  decoction  of  the  root  is  acrid 
and  cathartic. 

SITICULOSUS,  Dipsodes,  see  Alterative. 

SITIENS,  Dipsodes. 

SITIS,  Thirst  —  s.  Intensa,  Polydipsia  —  s. 
Morbosa,  Polvdipsia. 

SITKA,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  See  Arch- 
angel, New,  mineral  waters  of. 

SITOS,  Aliment. 

SITUS  ANOMALUS  seu  PERVERSUS  IN- 
TESTINORUM,  Splanchnectopia  —  s.  Mutatus, 
see  Monster. 

SITZBATH,  see  Bath,  half. 

SIUM,  Slum  nodijlo'rum  seu  angustifu'Uum  seu 
Ber'ula  seu  erec'tum  seu  inei'sum,  A'pium  sium, 
Ber'ula  angusti/o'lia,  Ber'ula,  Creeping  Wafer- 
parsnep,  (E .)  Berle  nodiflore.  Family,  Umbelli- 
ferffi.  Sex.  Syst.  Pentandria  Digynia.  It  is  sti- 
mulant, and  supposed  to  be  diuretic  and  lithon- 
triptie.  It  is,  sometimes,  employed  in  cutaneous 
eruptions. 

Sium  Angustifolium,  S.  nodiflorum — s.  Apiuni,- 
Apium  graveolens  —  s.  Berula,  S.  nodiflorum  —  s. 
Bulbocastanum,  Bunium  bulbocastanum — s.  Car- 
vi,  Carum — s.  Erectum,  S.  nodiflorum — s.  Grave, 
olens,  Apium  graveolens  —  s.  Incisum,  S.  nodi- 
florum. 

Sium  Latifo'lium  is  the  common  Water-pnr- 
snep  of  the  United  States.  It  is  said  to  be  poi- 
sonous. 

Sium  Ninsl  The  plant  whose  root  is  called 
Radix  Ninsi,  Ninzin,  Nindsin.  This  root  waj 
long  supposed  to  be  the  same  as  ginseng,  and  if 
possesses  similar,  though  weaker  properties. 

Sium  Silaus,  Peucedanum  silaus. 


SIWENS 


792 


SMILAX 


SiTTM  Sis'arum,  Skirret,  is  used  as  a  salad  in 
Europe  ;  and  has  been  supposed  a  useful  diet  in 
ehest  affections. 

SiuM  VuLGAKE,  Ligusticum  podagraria. 
SIVVENS,  Sibbens. 
SKELETIA,  Emaciation. 

SKELETOL'OGY,  SceletoIog"ia,  (F.)  Squelet- 
t<ilogie,  irora  tjKiXeTo;,  'a  skeleton,'  and  Aoyoy,  'a 
discourse.'  A  treatise  on  the  solid  parts  of  the 
body.  This  part  of  anatomy  comprehends  Oste- 
ology and  Syndesmology. 

SKEL'ETON,  Scel'etum.,  from  cKt\tToi,  Ca- 
dav'er  exsieca'tiim;  (F.)  Sqiielette,  Sceleton,  a 
dried  body ;  from  crxeXXw,  '  I  dry.'  The  aggre- 
gate of  the  hard  parts  of  the  body,  or  the  bones. 
A  skeleton  is  found  in  almost  all  animals,  al- 
though it  may  not  always  be  formed  in  the  same 
manner.  In  some,  as  in  the  Crustacea  and  tes- 
tacea,  it  is  wholly  or  partly  external,  Exo-sheleton, 
Dermo-skeleton.  In  others,  as  in  birds,  the  mam- 
malia, <fcc.,  it  is  internal,  Endo-slceleton,  Neuro- 
skeleton.  It  serves  as  a  support  for  other  organs. 
On  it  the  general  shape  of  the  body  and  of  its 
various  parts  is  greatly  dependent.  When  the 
bones  are  united  by  their  natural  ligaments,  the 
skeleton  is  said  to  he  natural,  Scel'etumnatura'le; 
■when  articulated  by  means  of  wires,  artificial, 
Scel'etxim  artificia'le. 

SKELETOPCE'IA,  -  Sceletopoe'a,  Sceleteu'sis, 
from  cKE^zTos,  '  a  skeleton,'  and  Tzotiu),  '  I  make.' 
The  part  of  practical  anatomy  which  treats  of 
the  preparation  of  bones,  and  the  construction 
of  skeletons.  Eones  are  prepared  to  exhibit  their 
conformation,  structure,  chymieal  composition, 
mode  of  development,  and  changes;  the  different 
cavities  formed  by  the  union  ;  and  to  demonstrate 
their  connexions,  relations,  modes  of  union,  &c. 
SKEVISCH,  Erigeron  Philadelphieum. 
SKEVISH,  FLEABANE,  Erigeron  Philadel- 
phieum. 

SKIX,  Cutis. 

SKIN-BOUXD  DISEASE,  Induration  of  the 
cellular  tissue. 

SKIOMACHIA,  Sciomachy. 
SKIRPvET,  Slum  sisarum. 
SKIESE,  Scirrhus. 
SKOKE,  Phytolacca  decandra. 
SKOLEMORA    FERjSTAMBUCEXSIS,  Geof- 
frsea  vermifuga. 

SKUE-SIGHT,  Dysopia  lateralis. 
SKULL,  Cranium. 

SKULL-CAP,  Calvaria,Scutellariagalericulata. 
SKUNK-CABBAGE,  Dracontium  foetidum. 
SKUNK-WEED,  Dracontium  foetidum. 
SLATE,  IRISH,  Hibernicus  lapis. 
SLATERS,  Onisci  aselli. 
SLATKAIA  TRAVA,  see  Spirit. 
SLAVERING,  from  saliva.  Ptyalis'mus  iners, 
Driv'elliiig,  (F.)  Bave.     Involuntary  flow  of  sa- 
liva, from  sluggishness  of  deglutition,  without  in- 
creased secretion.     It  is  seen  in  the  infant,  the 
aged,  and  the  idiot. 

SLEEP,  Sax.  plep;  Somnus,  Sompnns,  Sopor, 
Dormil"io,  Hypnos,  (F.)  Soynmeil.  Temporary 
interruption  of  our  relations  with  external  objects. 
A  repose  of  the  organs  of  sense,  intellectual  facul- 
ties, and  voluntary  motion. 

The  act  of  /(uitting  this  condition  is  called 
<iwaking.  {¥.)  JEvigihttion,  Reveil.  Sometimes  this 
is  progressive  and  natural;  at  others,  sudden  and 
starting  ;  (F.)  Reveil  en  snrsant, — as  in  nightmare, 
affections  of  the  heart,  hypochondriasis,  »fec. 

Sleep,  Magnet'ic,  Hypno'sis  hiomngnei'ica,  is 
th'i  sleep  induced  by  the  so  called  animal  mag- 
netism.    See  Magnetism,  animal. 

Sleep.  Nervots.  see  Magnetism,  animal. 
3LEEPLESSNESS,  Insomnia. 


SLEEP-WALKING,  Somnambulism. 
SLIACS,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Sliacs 
is  a  favourite  bathing-place  in  Hungary,  a  few 
miles  from  Neusohl.  Some  of  the  waters  are 
cold;  others,  thermal:  the  former  are  carbonated 
chalybeates;  the  latter  are  much  used  in  the 
same  cases  as  thermal  springs  in  general. 

SLING,  (G.)  Schlinge,  Mitel'la,  Jh't'rinm. 
A  bandage  employed  to  keep  the  forearm  bent  on 
the  arm,  in  cases  of  injury  done  to  those  parts, 
in  fracture  of  the  clavicle,  injury  of  the  hands, 
&c.  A  handkerchief  is  often  sufficient  for  this 
purpose.  It  must  be  folded  diagonally,  and  be 
tied,  by  the  extremities,  round  the  neck.  The 
French  surgeons  have  used  many  varieties  of 
Echarpes  or  slings;  as  the  Grande  echarpe,Eeliurpe 
woyenne,  Petite  echarpe,  Echarpie  de  J.  L.  Pe- 
tit, &c. 

SLIPPERS,  Impatiens. 

SLIT  AND  TAIL  BANDAGE,  Invaginated 
bandage. 

SLOE-TREE,  Prunus  spinosa. 
SLOUGH,  Eschar. 
SLOWS,  Milk-sickness. 
SLUG,  Limax  —  s.  Sea,  Biche  de  Mer. 
SLUMBER,  Somnolency. 
SMALLAGE,  Apium  graveolens. 
SMALL-POX,  Variola— s.  Modified,  Varioloid. 
SMALT,  Protox'ide  of  Cobalt,  Snaltnm,  Safre, 
Azur,  Blue  Starch.    This  oxyd  has  been  given  in 
rheumatism,  in  the  dose  of  ten  to  twenty  grains. 
A  larger  quantity  excites  vomiting. 

SMARAG'DUS,  (F.)  Emeraude.  The  emerald. 
It  was  formerly  regarded  as  a  tonic. 

SMARTWEED,  Polygonum  punctatum. 
SMECTICA,  Detergents. 
SMECTIS,  Cimolia  terra. 
SMECTRIS,  Cimolia  terra. 
SMEGMA,  aiivyfa,  from  ajiTi^tiv,  'to  wipe,  to 
rub  off.'    Soap,  grease,  a  salve,  a  liniment.    Also, 
the  secretion  from  the  sebaceous  follicles  of  the 
skin. 

SjfEGMA  Aeticclaee,  Synovia — s.  Cutaneum, 
see  Sebaceous  glands. 

Smegma  PrjEPd'tii.     The  fatty  secretion  from 
the  sebaceous  follicles  of  the  glans  penis. 
SMEGMATORRHCEA,  Stearrhoea. 
SMEGMORRHCEA,  Steanhoea. 
SMELL,  SENSE  OF,  Olfaction. 
SMELLING,  Olfaction. 

SMELLOME'S  OINTMENT  FOR  THE 
EYES,  Ceratum  resin«. 

SMILAX,  Taxus  baccata  —  s.  Aspera  Chinen- 
sis,  Smilax  China — s.  Aspera  Peruviana,  Smilax 
sarsaparilla — s.  Canellsefolia,  S.  pseudo-China. 

Smilax  China,  Smilax  as'pera  Chinen'sis. 
Family,  Smilace».  Sex.  Syst.  Dioecia  Hexandria. 
The  root —  China,  Ch.  orienta'lis  sen  po7)dero'sa 
seu  vera,  Sankira,  Gauqnnra,  China  rout,  (F.) 
Sqnine,  Esqnine.  Formerly  much  used  in  cuta,- 
neous  and  venereal  affections. 

Smilax  Glauca,  S.  sarsaparilla — s.  Hedersefo- 
lia,  S.  pseudo-China  —  s.  Indica  Spinosa,  Smilax 
pseudo-China — s.  Officinalis,  Smilax  sarsaparilla. 
Smilax  Pseudo-China,  Smilax  In'dica  spino'- 
sa  seu  canellctfo'lia  seu  hedercpfo'lia,  China  occi- 
dentn'lis,  China  spn'ria  nodo'sa,  American  or 
West  India  China.  In  scrofulous  disorders,  the 
root  has  been  often  preferred  to  the  oriental  kind. 
In  other  cases,  it  possesses  similar  virtues. 

Smilax  Sadsaparil'la,  .S'.  njficiua'lis  seu  glau- 
ca, Sarsapari/'la,  Surtajyaril'la,  Smilax  as'pera 
Penivia'na,  Sarza,  Sarsa,  Carivillan'di,  Jva  Pe- 
can'ga,  Macaputli,  Zarsa,  Zarzdpnril'la,  (F.)  Sal- 
separeille.  The  root  of  the  Sarsaparilla  is  inodor- 
ous; taste  bitterish,  feeulaeeous,  and  fibrous;  of 
a  dark  colour  externally;    white  within.     It  ha 


SMILE 


793 


SODA 


possessed  of  diuretic  and  demulcent  properties, 
and  has  been  often  employed  in  the  sequela)  of 
syphilis ;  when,  after  a  mercurial  course,  noc- 
turnal pains,  ulceration,  &o.,  continue.  It  has, 
,  also,  been  advised  in  scrofula,  chronic  rheuma- 
tism, &c. ;  but  its  efficacy  is,  to  say  the  least  of 
it,  a  matter  of  doubt  Dose,  ^j  to  3J  of  the 
powder.  _ 

SMILE,  er/ztX;?.  A  curved,  two-edged  bistoury. 
A  knife. 

SMILEOX,  Scalpel. 

SMYRXA,  Myrrha. 

SMTRNISMOS,  Embalming. 

SMTR'NIUM  OLUSA'TRUM,  Illpposeli'nnm, 
Smyr' Ilium,  Macero'na,  ifacedonis'inm,  Herha 
Alexandri'na,  Gri'elum,  Agrioseli'num,  Alexan'- 
ders,  Ahanders.  A  plant  formerly  cultivated  for 
culinary  purposes.  The  seeds  are  bitter  and  aro- 
matic, and  the  roots  more  powerfully  bitter. 
They  have  been  recommended  as  resolvents,  diu- 
retics, emmenagogues,  &c. 

SNAGREL,  Aristolochia  serpentaria. 

SNAIL,  Limax — s.  Shell,  Cochlea. 

SNAKEHEAD,  Chelone  glabra. 

SNAKEROOT,  Garuleum  bipinnatum  —  s. 
Birthwort,  Aristolochia  serpentaria  —  s.  Black, 
ActEea  racemosa,  Sanieula  Marilandioa  —  s. 
Button,    Eryngium    aquatieum,    Liatris    spicata 

—  s.  Canada,  Asarum  Canadense  —  s.  Dewitt, 
Prenauthes  —  s.  Evergreen,   Polygala  paucifolia 

—  s.  Heart,  Asarum  Canadense  —  s.  Virginiana, 
Aristolochia  serpentaria  —  s.  White,  Eupatorium 
ageratoides. 

SNAKEWEED,  Aristolochia  serpentaria,  He- 
lenium  autumnale.  Polygonum  bistorta — s.  Ame- 
rican, Cicuta  masculata. 

SNEEZING,  from  Sax.  niefan,  (G.)  Niesen, 
Clonus  Sternuta'tio,  Sternuta'tio,  Sternutamen' - 
*um,  Sfeniumen'tum,  Ptarmos,  (F.)  Eternuement. 
A  convulsive  motion  of  the  expiratory  muscles, 
by  which  the  air  is  driven  rapidly,  and  rushes 
sonorously,  through  the  nasal  fossce,  carrying 
with  it  the  mucus  and  foreign  bodies,  which  ad- 
here to  the  pituitary  membrane,  an4  have  occa- 
sioned the  movement. 

SNEEZEWORT,  Achillea  ptarmica,  Helenium 
autumnale. 

SNORING,  Rhenchus,  Rhenxis,  Rnnchus,  Rhon- 
cJiua,  Stertor,  Reiichus,  {'F.)  Ronflement,  from(G.) 
Scharnen.  Noise  made  in  the  posterior  part 
of  the  mouth  and  nasal  foss£e  during  the  move- 
ments of  inspiration,  particularly  in  sleep,  both 
when  the  person  is  in  health,  and  in  disease,  as 
in  apoplexy.  In  certain  affections  of  the  chest — 
in  some  cases  of  pulmonary  catarrh  —  a  kind  of 
snoring  may  be  distinctly  heard  by  applying  the 
ear  or  the  stethoscope  to  the  chest. 

SNOT,  Nasal  mucus. 

SNOUT,  Nasus. 

SNOW,  Sax.  rnail,  Nix,  Chion,  (F.)  Neige. 
Water  in  a  solid  state,  which  falls  from  the  at- 
mosphere in  white  flakes.  It  is  used  externally 
as  a  tonic  and  diseutient. 

SNOWBALL,  Cephalanthus  oecidentalis. 

SNOWBERRY,  Symphoricarpus  rac'emosus. 

SNUFF,  CEPHALIC,  Pnlvis  asari  compositus. 

SNUFFLES,  Teut.  Snuffeln,  Grave' do  ne- 
oi>nto'rum,  Rhinan'(jia,  Rhinanch'oiie.  Breathing 
hard  through  the  nose,  often  owing  to  accumula- 
tion of  the  mucous  secretions, — an  aflfeetion  to 
which  infants  are  liable,  and  which  is  relieved  by 
oiling  the  interior  of  the  nostrils. 

SOAP,  Sapo  —  s.  Acid,  see  Sapo  —  s.  Berries, 
Sapindus  saponaria — s.  Black,  see  Sapo — s.  Cas- 
tile, Sapo  duras  —  s.  of  the  Cocoa-nut  oil,  see 
Sapo  —  s.  Common  or  soft,  see  Sapo  —  s.  Liquid, 
Bee  Sapo  —  s.  Medicinal,  see  Sapo  —  s.  Spanish, 
Sapo  durus  —  s.  Yellow,  see  Sapo. 


SOAPWORT,  Saponaria. 

SOB,  from  Sax.  reofian,  'to  grieve;'  (F.)  San~ 
(/lot.  A  spasmodic,  sudden,  and  momentary 
contraction  of  the  diaphragm,  immediately  fol- 
lowed by  relaxation,  by  which  the  little  air,  that 
the  contraction  has  caused  to  enter  the  chest,  is 
driven  out  with  noise.  It  is  an  evidence  of  cor- 
poreal or  mental  suffering. 

SOBOLES,  Epigone. 

SOBRIETAS,  Temperance. 

SOCIA  PAROTIDIS,  see  Parotid. 

SOCI'ETY,  Soci'etas,(E.)  Societe,{TOva  sociare, 
'  to  associate.'  An  association  for  the  promotioa 
of  some  common  object. 

Societies,  Medical.  Associations  of  medical 
gentlemen  for  the  promotion  of  science  have  been 
numerous,  and  productive  of  valuable  results. 
In  the  United  States,  societies  exist  in  many  of 
the  states,  possessing  the  power  of  examining 
into  the  qualifications  of  every  one  who  may  be 
desirous  of  practising  within  their  particular  ju- 
risdiction. In  some  of  the  states,  however,  the 
qualified  and  unqualified  are  permitted  to  exer- 
cise their  profession  with  equal  privileges  and 
immunities. 

Amongst  the  medical  associations  that  have 
issued  from  time  to  time  useful  transactions  or 
publications,  are  the  following :  Ix  America,  — 
The  Massachusetts  3fedical  Society;  the  Phy- 
sico-medical,  and  Medical  Societies  of  the  State 
of  New  York;  the  College  of  Physicians  of 
Philadelphia,  and  the  American  Medical  As- 
sociation. Ik  Europe,  —  The  Association  of 
Felloics  and  Licentiates  of  the  King's  and 
Queen's  College  of  Physicians  of  Ireland ;  the 
Medico-Chirurgical  and  Phrenological  Societies 
of  Edinburgh ;  the  College  of  Physicians,  the 
Medico-Chirurgical,  the  Medical  and  the  Sijden- 
ham  Societies  of  London;  the  Associated  Ajjothe- 
caries  and  Surgeon  Apothecaries  of  England  and 
Wales,  and  the  Provincial  Medical  and  Surgical 
Association  ;  the  Royal  Academy  of  Surgery,  the 
Royal  Society  of  Medicine,  the  Societe  Mcdictile 
d' Emulation,  the  Societe  de  Medecine,  the  Roynl 
Academy  of  Medicine,  and  the  Societe  Jledicale 
d' Observation,  of  Paris ;  the  3fedico-Chirurgical 
Academy  of  Vienna;  the  Medical  Societies  of 
Berlin  and  Copenhagen,  &c.,  &c.  In  Asia. — 
The  Medical  and  Physical  Society  of  Calcutta. 

Valuable  medical  essays  are  likewise  contained 
in  the  published  Transactions  of  the  Americna 
Philosophical  Society  ;  of  the  Royal  Societies  of 
London,  Edinburgh,  Gottingen,  <fce. ;  of  the  Royal 
Academy  of  Sciences  of  Paris;  the  Imperial 
Society  of  Sciences  of  St.  Petersburg ;  the  Royal 
Academy  of  Sciences  of  Turin;  the  Academicc 
Itnperialis  Leopoldina  Natures  Ouriosorum,  &c. 

SOCORDIA,  Hallucination. 

SODA.  An  Arabic  word.  Protox'ide  of  so- 
dium, (F.)  Sonde,  is  obtained  by  adding  caustic 
lime  to  a  solution  of  carbonate  of  soda.  The 
soda  in  solution  may  be  obtained  by  evaporation 
as  hydrate  of  soda.  Its  action  is  like  that  of 
potassa;  but  it  is  not  officinal. 

Soda  impu'ra,  Baril'la,  Barig'lia,  Baril'lor, 
Soda  Hispan'ica,  Ana'tron,  Natron,  Ana'ton, 
Nitrnm  Antiquo'rum,  Kelp,  Aphroni'trum,  Sal 
alkali' iius  fixiis  fos'silis,  Car'bonas  SodcB  im'pu- 
rus,  Subcar'bonas  SodcB  impu'ra,  Anachron.  The 
mineral  alkali  is  obtained  from  several  sources  ; 
—  naturally,  in  Egypt:  artificially,  from  the  in- 
cineration of  marine  plants ;  and  from  the  de- 
composition of  sulphate  of  soda,  ic.  It  is  prin- 
cipally, however,  derived  from  plants  growing  cfu 
the  sea-coast;  —  as  the  Salso'la  sati'va,  S.  soda, 
S.  tragus,  Salicor'nin  herha' era,  Salicornia  Arab' ■ 
ica,  &c.     The  Barillc  ashes  are  from  the  ashoff 


SODA 


794 


SODA 


of  the  Salicor'nia  EuropcB'a:  the  Kelp,  Sonde  de 
Varecq,  from  the  Fuciis  vesiculo'sus  and  other 
varieties  ; — the  TurJcey  Barilla,  Iioq)tette,  Ceiidre 
dn  Levant,  Rochet'ta  Alexandri'na,  from  the  3Ie- 
s^mhryan'themum  Cop'ticxim  ;  —  the  Al'icant  Ba- 
rilln,  Soda  Alicanii'na,  S.  Alonen'sis,  from  the 
Mesemhryan'themum  iiodijlo' rum  ; — and  the  Car- 
thage'na  Barilla,  from  the  Salicor'nia  and  Sal- 
sv'la. 

Impure  subcarbonate  of  soda,  (F.)  Sonde  du 
commerce,  consists  of  subcarbonate  of  soda,  pot- 
ash, chloride  of  sodium,  clay  and  other  earthy 
substances.  It  is  chiefly  used  for  preparing  the 
pure  subcarbonate. 

Soda,  Cardialgia,  Cephalalgia,  Pyrosis. 

Soda  Aceta'ta,  Sodce  Ace'tas,  Ac"etafe  of 
Soda,  Terra  folia' ta  minera'Us,  (F. )  Acetate  de 
sonde.  This  salt  is  used  in  similar  cases  with  the 
acetate  of  potass. 

Soda  Aerata,  Sodae  carbonas  —  s.  Alonensis, 
Soda  —  s.  Biborate  of,  Borax — s.  Bicarbonate  of. 
Sodas  carbonas — s.  Borate  of,  Borax — s.  Borax- 
ata,  Borax. 

Soda,  Car'bonate  of,  Sodce  Car'honas,  Car- 
honas  Na'tricuni,  Soda  Aera'ta,  SodcB  Bicar'- 
honas,  Bicar'bonate  of  Soda,  Carbonate  of  jtro- 
tox'ide  of  So'dium,  (F.)  Carbonate  de  Sonde, 
S.  effervescente,  S.  aeree,  S.  Crayeuse.  {Soda 
eubcarb,  H)j,  aquce  destill.  Oiij.  Dissolve  the 
subcarbonate  of  soda,  and  pass  carbonic  acid 
through  the  solution  ;  set  it  aside  to  crystallize.) 
Its  use  is  the  same  as  the  subcarbonate,  than 
■which  it  is  less  caustic,  and  better  adapted  for 
efl'ervescing  draughts. 

Soda  Cau'stica,  Protox'ide  of  So'dium,  Caus- 
tic Soda,  (F.)  Soude  eaustique,  S.  d  la  Chaux, 
Sonde  pure.  The  impure  subcarbonate,  treated 
by  quicklime,  and  consequently  deprived  of  its 
carbonic  acid.  It  may  be  used  as  a  caustic,  like 
the  Potassa  ftisa,  and  is  even  preferable  to  it,  as 
it  docs  not  deliquesce  and  run. 

Soda,  Chloride  or,  <S'.  Ghlorina'ta,  Sodce  Chlo'- 
ridum,  Chlo'rinated  Soda,  Natrum  Oxymuriat'- 
ictim,  Sodce  Chlornre'tnm,  Oxymu'riate  of  Soda, 
(F.)  Chlorure  de  Sonde,  Chlorure  d' oxide  de  So- 
dium.  This  salt  is  used  as  a  disinfecting  agent  ; 
both  to  remove  offensive  smells  in  chambers,  and 
to  alter  the  condition  of  fetid  ulcers.  See  Liquor 
Sodae  Chlorinatse. 

Soda,  Chlorinated,  Soda,  chloride  of — s. 
Hispanica,  Soda — s.  Hydrochlorate  of,  Soda, 
muriate  of. 

Soda,  Hyposulph'ite  of,  Sodce  hypondph'is, 
(F.)  Ryposulfite  de  Soude.  This  salt  has  been 
lately  extolled  in  chronic  cutaneous,  and  scrofu- 
lous affections.     It  is  given  in  syrup. 

Soda,  Lithate  op.  Urate  of  soda — s.  Mephite 
of,  Soda,  subcarbonate  of. 

Soda,  Mu'riate  of,  Sodce  murias.  Soda  mu- 
ria'ta,  S.  nmriat'ica,  Al'kali  mincra'le  sali'num, 
Sal  commn'nia,  Sal  eulina'ris,  Sal  fon'tium,  Sal 
gemmae,  Sal  mari'nus,  Natron  muria'tum,  Sal 
albus,  Natrnm  mnriat'icum.  Common  salt,  Sea 
salt,  Hydrochlo'rinaa  Na'tricus,  Salfos'silis,  Sal 
lu'cidum,  Muria,  Roch  salt.  Bay  salt,  White  salt, 
Quadrichlo'  ruret  of  Sodium, Hydrochlo'  rate  of  pro- 
tox'ide of  Sodium,  Hydrochlo'rate  of  Soda,  Clilo- 
rure'tum  So'dii,  So'dii  Chlo'ridum,  Chloride  of  So- 
dium, (F.)  Chlorttre  de  Sodium,  Sel  niarin,  Sel  de 
Cuisine.  In  an  impure  st^ate,  this  salt  is  one  of 
the  most  abundant  of  natural  productions.  It 
is  SL,luble  in  3  parts  of  water,  and  is  tonic,  pur- 
gative, and  anthelmintic.  Externall}',  stimulant. 
It  is  a  well-known  and  useful  culinary  substance. 
Soda,  Nitrate  op,  Sodm  Nitras,  Natron  ni'- 
tricum,  Al'kali  minera'le  nitra'tum,  Nitrnm  Cu'- 
cicam,  Nitrate  of  protox'ide  of  Sodium,  Protoni'- 


trate  of  Sodium,  Nitrnm  Bhomhoida'le,  Nitrae 
Natricum,  Salpje'tra,  Cubic  Nitre.  Its  virtues  are 
similar  to  those  of  the  nitrate  of  potass,  for 
which  it  has  been  substituted. 

Soda,  Oxymuriate  op,  Soda,  chloride  of. 
Soda,  Phosphate  of,  S.  Fhosphora'ta,  Sodce 
phos'phas,  Subjjhosphate  of  pirotox'ide  of  Sodium, 
Phosphas  Nu' tricum,  Natrum  Oxyphosphoro' dee, 
Suhprotophosphate  of  Sodium,  Subphos'phate  of 
Soda,  Sal  mirah'ile  2}ei'io.'tum,  Triba'sic  phos- 
phate of  Soda,  Alkali  mi)iera'le  phosjihora'tum, 
Tasteless  purging  salt,  (F.)  Phosphate  de  Sonde, 
Sel  admirable  pierle.  (Bone  burnt  to  whiteness 
and  powdered,  ibx  ;  Sulphuric  acid,  tbvj  ;  Cur- 
boriate  of  soda,  q.  s.  Mix  the  bone  with  the 
acid  in  a  covered  vessel,  add  a  gallon  of  water, 
and  stir.  Digest  for  three  daj^s,  occasionally 
adding  a  little  water  to  that  lost  by  evaporation, 
and  frequently  stirring  the  mixture.  Pour  in 
now  a  gallon  of  boiling  water,  and  strain  through 
linen,  gradually  adding  more  boiling  water,  until 
the  liquor  passes  nearly  tasteless.  Set  the  strained 
liquor  by,  that  the  dregs  may  subside  ;  from  which 
pour  off  the  clear  solution,  and  boil  down  to  a  gal- 
lon. To  this  solution,  poured  off  from  the  dregs 
and  heated  in  an  iron  vessel,  add  by  degrees  the 
carbonate  of  soda  previously  dissolved  in  hot 
water,  until  effervescence  ceases,  and  the  phos- 
phoric acid  is  completely  neutralized;  then  filter 
the  liquor,  and  set  it  aside  to  crystallize.  Having 
removed  the  crystals,  add,  if  necessary,  a  small 
quantity  of  carbonate  of  soda  to  the  liquor,  so  as 
to  render  it  slightly  alkaline ;  then  alternately 
evaporate  and  crystallize  so  long  as  crystals  are 
produced.  Lastly,  preserve  the  crystals  in  a  well 
stopped  bottle. — Ph.  U.  S.)  Cathartic,  in  the  dose 
of  from  ^ss  to  ^j. 

Soda,  Phosphate  of,  tribasic,  S.  Phosphate 
of. 

Soda,  Subcarb'onatb  of,  Sodce  Subcarbonas, 
Sodce  Carbonas  (Ph.  U.  S.),  Subcarbonate  of  pro- 
tox'ide of  Sodium,  Memphite  of  Soda,  Natron 
prmpara'tum,  Scd  Sodas,  Salt  of  Soda,  Flos  Salis, 
Sagi'men  Vitri,  Salt  of  Baril'la,  Sal  cd'kali,  Car- 
bonas Sodce  of  some,  (F.)  Sous-carbonate  de  Soude. 
The  impure  subcarbonate,  dissolved  in  water; 
the  solution  filtered  and  crystallized.  Soluble  in 
two  parts  of  water  at  60°.  It  is  much  used  as 
an  antacid;  and  also  as  a  deobstruent  in  scrofu- 
lous and  other  affections.     Dose,  gr.  x  to  ^ss. 

The  dried  Subcar'bonate  of  Soda,  Sodce  S>ib- 
car'bonas  exsiccata,  Sodce  carbonas  exsicca'tus, 
(Ph.  U.  S.)  Carbonas  Sodce  sieca'tum,  (F.)  Sous- 
carbonate  de  Soude  desseche,  is  employed  as  an 
antacid  and  lithontriptic.     Dose,  gr.  x  to  xv. 

Soda,  Subphosphate  of,  S.  phosphate  of. 

Soda,  Sulphate  op,  Sodoe  Sulphas,  Natron 
vitriola'tum,  Sal  cathar'ticus  Glaube'ri,  Al'cali 
minera'le  sulphu'ricum,  Natrum  eulph)i'ricum, 
Soda  vitriola'ta.  Sulphas  na'tricus,  Sal  mirab'- 
ilis  Glaube'ri,  Ape'rient  Salt  of  Frederick,  Glau- 
ber's Scdts,  (F.)  Sulfate  de  Soude.  Obtained  from 
the  salt  that  remains  after  the  distillation  of  mu- 
riatic acid ;  the  superabundant  acid  being  satu- 
rated with  subcarbonate  of  soda.  It  is  soluble  in 
three  parts  of  water  at  60° ;  is  purgative,  and, 
in  small  doses,  diuretic.     Dose,  ^vj  to  ^s. 

The  Lymington  Glauber's  Salts  is  a  Sulp7iate 
of  Magnesia  and  Soda,  and  is  obtained  from  the 
mother  liquor  of  sea-water,  or  by  dissolving  Ep- 
som salt  in  a  solution  of  Glauber's  salt. 

Soda,  Tartrate  of.  Tartrate  of  potass  and 
Soda,  Soda  Tartariza'ta,  Tar'tarized  Soda,  Sal 
Rupellen'sis,  Rochelle  Salt,  Sal  Pohjchres'tum 
Seignet'ti,  S.  Seignetti,  Seigtiette's  Salt,  Natron 
tartariza'tum,  Turtris  jjotas'sce  et  Sodce,  Sodce  et 
Potas'sce  Tartras  (Ph.  U.  S.),  Sodce  potassio-tar- 
tras,  Tartras  Potas'sce  et  SudcB,  T'artrate  de  po- 


SODII 


795 


SOLDIER'S  WEED 


tae?e  et  de  Sonde.  {Sodas  carl.  Bbi;  potass,  hifart. 
in  pulv.  ^xvj,  Aq.  bullient.  Ov.  Dissolve  the 
carbonate  in  water ;  and  add,  gradually,  the 
bitartrate.  Filter  the  solution  and  crystallize. 
Ph.  U.  S.)     It  is  a  gentle  cathartic.     Dose,  ^ss 

Soda,  Urate  of,  Urate  of  Soda  —  s.  Vitrio- 
lata,  S.  sulphate  of  —  s.  Water,  Acidulous  water, 
simple. 

SoD^  AcETAS,  Soda,  acetate  of —  s.  Biboras) 
Borax  —  s.  Bicarbonas,  Soda,  carbonate  of —  s- 
Boras,  Borax  —  s.  Boras  alcalescens,  Borax  —  s- 
Boras  supersaturus,  Borax  —  s.   Carbonas,  Soda 

—  s.  Carbonas,  Soda,  subearbonate  of — s.  Car- 
bonas exsiccatus,  see  Soda,  subearbonate  of — s. 
Carbonas  impurus.  Soda — s.  Chloras,  Soda,  chlo- 
rate of — s.  Hyposulphis,  Hyposulphite  of  soda 
— s.  Murias,  Soda,  muriate  of — s.  Nitras,  Soda, 
nitrate  of —  s.  Phosphas,  Soda,  phosphate  of —  s. 
et  Potassse  tartras,  Soda,  tartrate  of — s.  Potassio- 
tartras  Soda,  tartrate  of — s.  Subboras,  Borax  — 
s.  Subcarbonas  impura,  Soda. 

SODII  AURO-TERCHLORIDUM,  see  Gold 

—  s.  Chloridum,  Soda,  muriate  of — s.  Chlorure- 
tum.  Soda,  muriate  of. 

SO'DIUM,  Na'trium,  Natro'niurh.  The  metal- 
lie  basis  of  soda. 

SoDiusr,  Carbonate  or  Protoxide  of,  Sodse 
carbonas  —  s.  Chloride  of.  Soda,  muriate  of — s. 
Chlorure  de,  Soda,  muriate  of — s.  Chlorure  d' Ox- 
ide de,  Soda,  chloride  of — s.  Protonitrate  of, 
Soda,  nitrate  of — s.  Protoxide  of,  Soda — s.  Pro- 
toxide of,  hydrochlorate  of,  Soda,  muriate  of — s. 
Protoxide  of,  nitrate  of.  Soda,  nitrate  of — s.  Pro- 
toxide of,  phosphate  of,  Soda,  phosphate  of — s. 
Protoxide  of,  subcai'bonate  of.  Soda,  subearbonate 
of — s.  Quadri-chloruret  of,  Soda,  muriate  of — 
s.  Subborate  of  protoxide  of,  Borax — s.  Subproto- 
borate  of.  Borax — s.  Subprotophosphate  of,  Soda, 
phosphate  of. 

SODOMA  GALLORUM,  Syphilis. 

SODOMIA,  Bu^srery. 

SODOMY,  Buggery. 

SOFTENING,  Mollities. 

SOI-POUR-SOI,  Homoeozygy. 

SOIE,  Sericum. 

SOIF,  Thirst — s.  Excessive,  Polydipsia. 

SOL,  Gold. 

SOL -LUNAR,  Sol-hnm'ris;  from  sol,  'the 
sun,'  and  lana,  'the  moon.'  An  epithet  applied 
to  a  fancied  influence  exerted  by  the  sun  and 
moon  on  man  in  a  state  of  health  and  disease. 

SOLAMEN  INTESTINORUM,  Pimpinella 
anisum — s.  Scabiosorum,  Fumaria, 

SOL'ANOID,  SolanoV des ;  from,  solaniim,  'the 
potato,'  and  eiiog,  '  resemblance.'  Resembling  a 
potato ;  polato-like.  An  epithet  applied  to  a 
form  of  cancer,  which  appears  to  be  intermediate 
between  scirrhus  and  encephaloid,  increasing 
more  rapidly  than  the  former,  yet  approaching 
it  in  firmness. 

SOLA'NUM,  S.  nigrum  seu  viilga're  seu  vid.ga'- 
tum,  Common  Nightshade,  Garden  Nightshade, 
(F.)  3forelle  d  fruit  noir.  Family,  Solaneae. 
Sex.  Syst.  Pentandria  Monogynia.  A  narcotic 
poison.  The  Huile  de  Morelle  is  made,  by  ma- 
cerating in  oil,  for  several  days,  the  leaves  and 
fruit  of  this  plant.  The  oil  is  anodyne  and  dis- 
cutient. 

SoLANUM  Dulcama'ra,  Dulcamara,  Z>.  flexuo'- 
ea,  Solatium  Scaridens,  Glycipi'cros,  Ama'ra  dulcis, 
Solaniim  ligno'aum,  'ZTpv)(yoi  of  Theophrastus, 
Bittersweet,  Woody  Nightshade,  Bittersioeet  Night- 
shade, Bittersweet  Vine,  Nightshade  Vine,  Violet 
hloom,  (F.)  Bouce-ainere,  Morelle  grimpante.  The 
taste  of  the  stalks  is  bitter,  followed  by  sweet- 


ness: hence  its  name.  It  has  been  vised  in  many 
diseases,  as  a  diuretic  and  sudorilie,  especially  in 
chronic  rheumatism,  humoral  asthma,  dropsy, 
various  skin  diseases,  scrofula,  and  jaundice. 
Dose,  in  powder,  Qj  to  gj. 

SoLANUM  Esculenthm,  S.  tuberosum  —  s.  Foe- 
tidum.  Datura  stramonium — s.  Furiosuni,  Atropa 
belladonna — s.  llumboldtii,  S.  Lycopersicum  — 
s.  Lethale,  Atropa  belladonna  —  s.  Lignosum,  S. 
dulcamara. 

SoLANUM  Lycoper'sicum;  Lycoper'sicon  escu- 
lent'um,  Lycoper'sicum  jwmum  nmo'ris,  S.  Hum- 
hold' tii  seu  pjseudolycoper' sicum.  Malum  lycoper'- 
sicum, Love-apj}l.e  plant.  The  fruit  of  this,  called 
Toma'ta  or  Love-apple,  (F.)  Pomine  d' Amour,  is 
much  eaten  in  the  United  States  ;  and,  with  the 
French,  Spaniards,  Portuguese,  Ac,  forms  an  es- 
teemed sauce. 

SoLANUM  Magnum  Virginianum^Rubrdm,  Phy- 
tolacca decandra  —  s.  Maniacum,  Atropa  bella- 
donna. Datura  stramonium  —  s.  Melanocerasus, 
Atropa  belladonna. 

SoLANUM  Melon'gena,  Blelongena,  Egg-plant, 
Mud  Apple  plant ;  (F.)  Aubergine.  A  native  of 
Asia,  Africa,  and  America.  Its  oblong,  egg- 
shaped  fruit,  Ponum  Melon'gentB,  3Iahmi  insa'- 
niun,  is  prepared  in  soups  and  sauces  in  those 
countries,  like  the  tomata. 

Solanuji  Nigrum,  Solanum. 

SoLANUM  Niv'eum.  a  South  African  plant, 
the  leaves  of  which,  applied  to  foul  ulcers,  cleanse 
them.  The  fresh  juice  of  the  berries  and  leaves, 
made  into  an  ointment  with  lard  or  fat,  is  used 
by  the  farmers  for  the  same  pvirpose. 

Solanum  Parmenterii,  S.  tuberosum  —  s. 
Pseudolycopersicum,  S.  Lycopersicum  —  s.  Qua- 
drifolium,  Paris  —  s.  Racemosum  Americanum, 
Phytolacca  decandra. 

Solanum  Sanctum  ;  Palestine  Nightshade. 
The  fruit  of  this  is  gloljular,  and  is  much  eaten 
in  the  countries  where  it  is  a  native. 

Solanum  Scandens,  S.  Dulcamara. 

Solanum  Tuberos'um,  Bata'bas,  Solavvm  ea- 
culen'tum  seu  Parmente'rii,  Lycoper'sicum  tnbero'- 
sum,  Papas  America'nus,  Pappus  Americu'nvSf 
America'num  Tubero'sum,  Batta'ta  Virginia'na; 
the  Pota'to,  (F.)  Poinme  de  Terre.  A  native  of 
Peru.  A  nutritious  and  wholesome  vegetable; 
one  of  the  most  useful,  indeed,  that  exists.  One 
hundred  pounds  of  potatoes  aflFord  ten  pounds  of 
starch,  which  is  equal  to  arrow-root,  as  a  nutrient 
and  demulcent.  It  is  called  Potato  Flour,  P. 
Starch,  French  Sago,  Petit  Sague,  Common  Arroip- 
root,  &o. 

Solanum  Urens,  Capsicum  annuum — s.  Vesi- 
carium,  Physalis — s.  Vulgare,  Solauum. 

SOLAR,  Sola'ris,  from  sol,  'the  sun.'  Relating 
to  the  sun  ;   having  rays  like  the  sun. 

Solar  Plexus,  Plexus  sola'ris,  Centrum  com- 
mu'ne,  Cer'ebrum  abdomina'le.  A  collection  of 
ganglions  and  filaments,  interweaving  and  anas- 
tomosing with  each  other  repeatedly,  and  belong-- 
ing  to  the  system  of  the  great  sympathetic.  This 
vast  plexus,  lying  on  the  vertebral  column,  the 
aorta,  and  the  pillars  of  the  diaphragm,  has  a 
very  irregular  shape.  The  ganglions  and  fila- 
ments composing  it  are  soft,  reddish,  and  almost 
all  issue  from  the  semilunar  ganglions.  It  re- 
ceives, also,  branches  from  the  pneumogastric. 
It  seems  to  be  chiefly  intended  for  the  aorta,  and 
accompanies  all  its  branches;  furnishing  many 
secondary  plexuses,  which  are  called  the  infra- 
diaphragmatic,  coeliac,  superior  mesenteric,  in- 
ferior mesenteric,  renal  or  emulgent,  spermatic, 
&o. 

SOLDANELLA,  Convolvulus  soldaneUa. 

SOLDIER'S  WEED,  Matico. 


SOLE 


796 


SOLUTION 


SOLE,  Solum,  Solea,  JBasis  oor'poris,  Ichnus, 
Superfi.c"ies  2>^'^nta'ris  pedis,  Peti'na,  Vestig"ium, 
Pe'dion,  Peza,  Pehna,  Planta'ris  svperficies pedis, 
Fa'cies  conca'va  seu  infe'rior  seu  Planum  seu 
Concavum  seu  Pars  inferior  seu  Planit"ies  seu 
Planta  seu  Vola  pedis,  (F.)  Plante  du  Pied.  The 
sole  of  the  foot ;  the  under  surface  of  the  foot. 

SOLEAj  Sole  —  s.  Ipecacuanha,  see  Ipecacu- 
anha. 

SOLE  AIRE,  Soleus. 

SOLEN,  Cradle,  see  Vertehral  column. 

SOLENA'RIUM,  from  cu>\r,v,  'a  canal.'  An 
instrument  of  surgery,  representing  a  kind  of 
gutter,  in  the  cavity  of  ■v^hich  the  penis  was 
placed,  like  a  limb  in  a  cradle.  —  Galen.  The 
word  Solen  itself — o-uXjji/,  Cana'lis — was  used,  in 
antiquity,  for  a  grooved  channel,  in  which  a  frac- 
tured limb  was  placed. 

SOLEN OSTEMMA  ARGEL,  Gynanchum 
oleasfolium. 

SOLE  'US,  Gastrocne'miiia  inter'nus,  Tihiocal- 
canien,  (Ch.;)  (F.)  Soleaire,  from  solea,  'a  sole 
of  a  shoe.'  A  muscle  situate  at  the  posterior  part 
of  the  leg.  It  is  broad,  flat,  and  almost  oval ; 
and  is  attached,  above,  to  the  posterior  edge  of 
the  fibula,  to  the  oblique  line  on  the  posterior 
surface,  and  to  the  inner  edge  of  the  tibia.  It 
terminates,  below,  by  a  large  tendon,  which  unites 
to  that  of  the  gastrocnemius  externus,  to  form  the 
tendo  Achillis.  This  muscle  extends  the  foot  on 
the  leg,  and  conversely. 

SOLID,  Sol'idus,  Ste'reos.  A  body  whose  in- 
tegrant molecules  are  so  united  by  the  force  of 
cohesion,  that  they  will  not  separate  by  their  own 
weight.  The  solids,  in  the  human  body,  are  the 
bones,  cartilages,  tendons,  muscles,  ligaments, 
arteries,  veins,  nerves,  membranes,  skin,  &c.  The 
anatomy,  or  rather  study  of  the  solids,  is  called 
Stereol'ogy,  from  nTcpeog,  'solid,'  and  \oyos,  'a 
discourse.' 

SOLIDAGO,  see  Solidago  virgaurea — s.  Sara- 
eenica,  S.  virgaurea. 

Solida'go  Rig"ida,  Rigid  Goldenrod,  Bones' 
styptic ;  indigenous ;  of  the  Composite  family, 
flowering  in  August  and  September;  is  astringent 
and  tonic. 

Solida'go  Virgau'rba,  S.  vulga'ris  seu  Sara- 
ccn'ica,  Virga  aiirea,  Herha  do'rea,  Cony'za  coma 
aurea,  Sym'phytum  Petrm'uTn,  Elichry' sum,  Con- 
sol'ida  seu  Saracen'ica,  Golden  rod.  Nat.  Ord. 
Compositse  Corymbifer^.  Sex.  Syst.  Syngenesia 
superflua.  (F.)  Verge  d'or.  The  leaves  oi  Soli- 
da'go odo'ra  —  Solida'go  (Ph.  U.  S.)  —  and  the 
flowers  have  been  recommended  as  aperients  and 
tonics,  in  urinary  diseases,  and  in  internal  hemor- 
rhage. 

Solidago  Vulgaris,  S.  virgaurea. 

SOL'IDISM,  Patholog"ia  solida'ris.  The  doc- 
trine of  those  physicians  who  refer  all  diseases  to 
alterations  of  the  solid  parts  of  the  body.  To  the 
believers  in  this  doctrine,  the  appellation  Sol'id- 
ists  has  been  given.  The  solidists  think  that  the 
solids  alone  are  endowed  with  vital  properties ; 
that  they  alone  can  receive  the  impression  of 
morbific  agents,  and  be  the  seat  of  pathological 
phenomena,  Solidism  has  been  the  prevalent 
doctrine.  It  is  scarcely  necessary  to  say,  that  in 
alt  our  investigations,  the  condition  of  both  solids 
and  fluids  must  be  regarded. 

SOLIUM,  Baignoire,  Taenia  solium — s.  Pedis, 
Metatarsus. 

SOLUBIL'ITY,  Solubil'itas,  from  solvere,  so- 
luttim,  '  to  dissolve.'  That  property  of  a  body  by 
virtue  of  which  it  can  be  dissolved  in  a  men- 
struum. 


TABLE    OF  THE    SOLUBILITT  OF    SOME    StrBSTANCEg 
IN  WATER. 


NAMES   OF   SALTS. 


jlcids. 

Benzoic 

Citrio 

Oxalic 

Tartaric 

Salts. 
Acetate  of  Potassa. 
Soda.... 


Bitartiate  of  Potassa... 

Borate  of  Soda 

Carbonate  of  Ammonia 

Magnesia. 

Potassa... 

Soda  


Chlorate  of  Potassa  . 
Soda  . .. • 


Chloride  of  Lime 

Magnpsiiim 

Potassium. . 

Sodium  . . . . 


Muriate  of  Ammonia. 

Nitrate  of  Potassa 

Soda 


Phosphate  of  Soda 

Sulphate  of  Ammonia  , 

Copper  . . . 

Iron 

Maenesia  ■ 


—  Potassa 

—  Soda... 


Supersulphate  of  Potassa 

Tartrate  of  Potassa 

Potassa  and  Soda 

Antimony  &  Potassa 


Solubility  ir 

100    1 

parts  water.         | 

at  60° 

at212- 

0.208 

4.17 

133 

200 

50 

100 

very  soluble 

100 

35 

1.5 

33 

8.4 

16.8 

50 

2 

25 

50 

ti 

40 

35 

35 

200 

100 

33 

35.42 

36.16 

33 

100 

14.25 

100 

33 

100 

25 

50 

50 

100 

25 

50 

50 

IflO 

100 

133 

6.25 

20 

37 

125 

5.0 

100 

25 

20 

0.6 

33 

SOLUM,  Sole. 

SOLUTE,  Solution. 

SOLUTIO,  Solution  —  s.  Alexiteria  Gaubiana, 
see  Disinfection  —  s.  Ammonire  subcarbonatis, 
Liquor  ammonias  subcarbonatis  —  s.  Arsenicali.?, 
Liquor  arsenicalis — s.  Arsenicata,  Liquor  arseni- 
calis — s.  Arsenitis  kalicse.  Liquor  arsenicalis  —  s. 
Calcis,  Liquor  calcis  —  s.  Camphorae  aetherea, 
Tinctura  aetherea  camphorata  —  s.  Camphorae 
oleosa,  Linimentum  camphorae  —  s.  Continui,  So- 
lution of  continuity  —  s.  Ferri  nitratis,  Liquor 
Ferri  nitratis  —  s.  Guaiaci  gummosa,  Mistura 
guaiaci  —  s.  Muriatis  barytae,  Baryta,  muriate  of 

—  s.  Muriatis  calcis,  see  Calcis  murias  —  s.  Muri- 
atis ferrici  aetherea,  Tinctura  seu  alcohol  sulfu- 
rico-eethereus  ferri — s.  Muriatis  hydrargyri  oxy- 
genati,  Liquor  hydrargyri  oxymuriatis — s.  Potas- 
sii  iodidi  iodureta,  Liquor  iodini  compositus  —  s, 
Resinae  guaiaci  aquosa,  Mistura  guaiaci — s.  Sub- 
carbonatis ammoniaci  spirituosa,  SpLritus  ammo- 
nite. 

SoLUTio  Sulpha'tis  Cupri  Compos'ita,  Aqvn 
vitriol'ica  cceru'lea,  Sydenham's  Styptic  Water. 
(Sidph.  cvpri,  §iij,  alum.,  acid,  sulph.,  aa  ^ij, 
aqnce,  §viij  :  dissolve,  and  filter.)  A  styptic,  and, 
largely  diluted,  an  astringent  collyriuni. 

SOLU'TION,  Solu'tio,  Lysis,  (F.)  Diasohilion, 
An  operation  which  consists  in  dissolving  a  solid 
body  in  a  menstruum.  Likewise,  the  product  of 
such  operation — Solu'tum,  (F.)  SolntS.  It  means, 
also,  with  many,  the  termination  of  a  disease:  — 
with  others,  a  termination  accompanied  bj'  critical 
signs  ; — and,  with  others,  again,  it  is  synonymous 
with  crisis. 

Solution  of  Acetate  of  Ammonia,  Liquor 
ammonite  acetatis  —  s.  of  Acetate  of  morphia. 
Liquor  morphias  acetatis  —  s.  Alkaline,  see  Fuli- 
gokali  —  s.  of  Alkaline  iron,  Liquor  ferri  alkalini 

—  s.  of  Alum,  compound,  Liquor  aluminis  com- 
positus —  s.  of  Ammoniated  copper,  Liquor  cupri 
ammoniati  —  s.  Arsenical,  Liquor  arsenicalis  —  a. 
of  Charcoal,  concentrated,  see  Tinctura  catechu 


SOLUTIVUS 


797 


SONDE 


— 8.  of  CHorinatcd  soda,  Liquor  sodae  chlorinatse 
— s.  of  Citrate  of  magnesia,  see  Magnesise  citras 
— 8.  of  Citrate  of  potassa.  Liquor  potassse  citratis 
— s.  of  Continuitj',  see  Continuity — s.  of  Corrosive 
sublimate.  Liquor  hydrargyri  oxymuriatis  —  s. 
Donovan's,  see  Arsenic  and  Mercury,  Iodide  of 

—  s.  Fowler's,  Liquor  arsenicalis  —  s.  of  Hydrio- 
date  of  potass,  Liquor  potassag  hydriodatis  —  s. 
of  Iodide  of  iron.  Liquor  ferri  iodidi — s.  of  Iodine, 
compound.  Liquor  iodini  eompositus — s.  of  Iron, 
nitrated,  see  Tinetura  ferri  muriatis  —  s.  Labar- 
raque's  Eaii  de  Jnvelle — s.  of  Lime,  Liquor  calcis 

—  s.  Lugol's,  Liquor  iodini  eompositus  —  s.  of 
Magnesia,  condensed.  Magnesia,  fluid  —  s.  of 
Monro,  Liquor  of  Monro  —  s.  of  Nitrate  of  iron, 
Liquor  ferri  nitratis  —  s.  of  Oxymuriate  of  mer- 
cury, Liquor  hydrargyri  oxymuriatis — s.  Plenck's, 
see  Hydrargyri  oxydum  cinereum — s.  de  Potasse, 
Liquor  potassae — s.  of  Potassa,  Liquor  potassse — 
E.  of  Sesquinitrate  of  iron.  Liquor  ferri  nitratis — s. 
of  Subaeetate  of  Lead,  Liquor  plumbi  subacetatis 
— s.  of  Subaeetate  of  lead,  diluted,  Liquor  plumbi 
subacetatis  dilutus — s.  of  Subearbonate  of  potass. 
Liquor  potassae  subcarbonatis — s.  of  Sulphate  of 
morphia,  Liquor  morphias  sulphatis — s.  of  Tartar- 
ized  antimony,  Vinum  antimonii  tartarizati — s.  of 
Ternitrate  of  sesquioxide  of  iron,  Liquor  ferri  ni- 
tis  —  s.  of  Van  Swieten,  Liquor  hydrargyri  oxy- 
muriatis. 

SOLUTIVUS,  Laxative. 
SOLUTUM,  Solution. 

SOLVENS,  Solvent  —  s.  Minerale,  Liquor  ar- 
senicalis. 

SOLVENT,  Solvens,  (F.)  Fondant,  from  solvere, 
'  to  dissolve.'  A  medicine  supposed  to  possess 
the  property  of  dissolving  or  removing  obstruc- 
tions and  extraneous  substances.  Thus  we  have 
solvents  of  the  stone  in  the  bladder,  &c.  See 
Dissolventia. 

Solvent,  Mixeral,  Liquor  arsenicalis. 
SOMA,  Body,  Corpus. 
SOMACETICS,  Gymnastics. 
SOMAT'IC,  Somat'icus ;  from  caifia,  'the body.' 
That  which  concerns  the  body  : — as  somatic  death, 
or   death    of  the    body,   in   contradistinction   to 
molecular  death  or  the  death  of  a  part. 

SOMATODYM'IA,  from  uu>^a,  ouinaro;,  'the 
body,'  and  ivM,  '  I  enter  into.'  A  double  mon- 
strosity in  which  the  trunks  are  united.  Of  this, 
there  are  several  varieties ;  —  Vertehrodym'ia, 
where  the  union  is  by  the  vertebrae  ;  Ischiodym' ia, 
by  the  ossa  ischii;  Sternodym'ia,  by  the  sternum; 
Siqyra.oriqihalodym'ia,  (F.)  Sus-omphalodymie,  by 
the  super-umbilical  regions  ;  Snpra  et  infra-om- 
2>halodymia,  by  the  superior  and  inferior  um- 
bilical regions;  and  Sfemo-ompJialodym'ia,  where 
the  union  is  by  both  the  sternal  and  the  umbili- 
cal regions.  —  Crnveilhier. 

SOMATOL'OGY,    Somatolog"ia,    from    cwna, 
'  the  body,'  and  \0y05,  '  a  discourse.'     A  treatise 
on  the  human  body.     Anatomy. 
SOMATOTOMY,  Anatomy. 
SOMMEIL,  Sleep. 

SOMNAMBULATION,  Somnambulism. 
SOMNAM'BULISM,  Snmnamhula'tio,  Hypno- 
hctte'sis,  Hypnohata'sis,  Hypnohati'a,  Jihembas'- 
rnus.  Lunutis'mus,  Hypnoner'gia,  Selenoga'mia, 
Ny<:tohate'sis,  Autonyctohati' n ,  Seleni'asis,  Selen- 
io.s'mus,  Somnamhidis'nins,  Nyctoh'asis,  Noctam- 
hida'tio,  Noctamhxdis'mus,  Nyctoha'dia,  Nyctoha'- 
ita,  Stpli'itu,  Syph'itn,  Paroni'ria  am'bulans, 
,  Noctisur'gi'nm,  Oneirodyn'ia  acti'va,  So-mno-vigil, 
Somnambida'tion,  Sleep-walliing,  from  sommts, 
'sleep,'  and  amhulare,  'to  walk.'  A  condition  of 
the  brain  which  occasions  the  individual  to  exe- 
cute, during  sleep,  some  of  those  actions  that 
commonly  take  place  when  awake.  It  has  been 
Imagined  that  the  somnambulist  is  guided  solely 


by  his  internal  senses  ;  but  there  are  many  facts 
which  induce  the  belief  that  the  external  senses 
are  not  always  entirely  suspended.  The  causes 
of  somnambulism  are  very  obscure  ;  and  the  prin- 
cipal indication  of  treatment  is,  —  so  to  arrange 
the  bed-chamber  of  the  somnambulist,  that  he 
cannotget  out  of  it  during  sleep;  and  to  avoid  sup- 
pers, as  well  as  all  bodily  and  mental  excitement. 

Somnambulism,  Magnet'ic  Mesmeric,  or  Arti- 
Flc"lAL,  Somnambulis'mus artificia'lis,  Cataph'ora 
magnet' tea,  Hyp'notism,  Somnip)'atliy,  is  that  pe- 
culiar condition,  into  which  individuals  have  been 
thrown  by  the  Animal  Magnetizer.  It  has  oc- 
curred only  in  those  of  weak  nervous  tempera- 
ment; in  hysterical  females,  &c. 

S 0 M nam BULISMUS,  Somnambulism— s. 
Artificialis,  Somnambulism,  magnetic. 

SOMNAM'BULIST,  Somnam'hidus,  BypnoV- 
ates,  Noetain'bidus,  Lunat'icus,  Noctam'bido,  Som- 
nam'bulo.     A  sleep-walker. 

SOMNAMBULIS'TIC.  Relating  or  apper- 
taining to  somnambulism,  —  as  the  '  somnambu- 
lis'tic  state.' 

SOMNAMBULO,  Somnambulist. 

SOMNIA'TIO,  from  somnium,  '  a  dream.'  The 
act  of  dreaming. 

SoMNiATio  MoRBOSA,  Oncironosus — s.  in  Statu 
Vigili,  Hallucination. 

SOMNIF'EROUS,  Som'nifer,  Sopor'ifer,  Eyp. 
not'icu^,  Hypnop>oe'us,  Soporati'vus,  Sojiorif'ic, 
Soporif'erons.     A  medicine  which  causes  sleep. 

SOMNIL'OQUIST;  same  etymon  as  the  next 
One  who  talks  in  his  sleep. 

SOMNILO'QUIUM,  Somniloqnis'mus,  Somnil'- 
oqtdsm,  from  somniis,  '  sleep,'  and  loquor,  '  I 
speak.'     Talking  in  the  sleep. 

SOMNOPATHY,  Somnambulism,  magnetic. 

SOM'NIUM,  Enyp'nion,  Insom'ninm,  a  Dream, 
(F.)  Eeve,  Songe.  A  confused  assemblage,  or 
accidental  and  involuntary  combination  of  ideas 
and  images,  which  present  themselves  to  the 
mind  during  sleep.  Dr.  S.  Mitchell,  of  New  York, 
used  the  word  Somnium  to  signify  the  state  be- 
tween sleeping  and  waking,  in  which  persona 
perform  acts  of  which  they  are  unconscious. 

For  'waking  dreams,'  see  Hallucination. 

Those  distressing  dreams  which  occur  during 
a  state  of  half  sleep,  are  called,  by  the  French, 
Eevasseries, 

SOMNO-VIGIL,  Somnambulism. 

SOM'NOLENCY,  Somnolen'tia,  HypncsstJie'sis, 
Hyp>no' dia,Dormita' tio,  Heav'iness,  Cams  Lethar'- 
gu8  Catajih'ora,  Cataphora,  Coma  Somnolen' turn , 
Caro'sis,  Slumber,  (F.)  Assoupissement.  Sleepi- 
ness. Also  a  state  intermediate  between  sleeping 
and  waking.     It  is  often  a  symptom  of  disease. 

SOMNUS,  Sleep. 

SOMPNUS,  Sleep. 

SON,  Furfur,  Sound. 

SONCHUS,  S.  Olera'eeiis,  Hiera'cium  olera'- 
ceum,  Cicer'bita,  Sow  Thistle,  (F.)  Laiteron  doux. 
Family,  CichoraccK.  Most  of  the  species  of  Son- 
chus  abound  with  a  milky  juice,  which  is  very 
bitter,  and  said  to  possess  diuretic  virtu°=. 

SoNCHUS  FLORiDANrs,  Mulgedium  Florida- 
num. 

SONDE,  Sound,  Specillum  —  s.  Cannlee,  Di- 
rector 

SONDE  D'ANEL.  A  very  fine  stylet  of  sil- 
ver, awl-shaped  at  one  end.  It  is  used  for  pro- 
bing the  lachrymal  passages  through  the  punc- 
tum  lacrymale. 

SONDE  DE  BELLOC.  An  instrument  in- 
vented by  Belloc  for  plugging  the  nasal  fossae, 
in  cases  of  hemorrhage.  It  consists  of  a  curved 
silver  canula,  open  it  both  ends,  and  furnished 
with  a  button.  The  instrument  is  passed  through 
the  nares  to  the  throat;  and  a  plug  is  atta 


SONDE 


798 


SORE 


to  the  button,  so  that,  when  the  instrument  is 
drawn  forwards  through  the  nose,  the  posterior 
nostril  is  stopped. 

SOiVBE  BRIS^E,  (F.)-  Eyed  probe.  A  long, 
straight  stylet,  composed  of  two  parts,  which  may 
he  screwed  to  each  other;  blunt  at  one  end,  and 
furnished  at  the  other  with  an  eye,  so  that  it  may 
be  used  either  as  a  probe  for  punctured  wounds, 
or  for  a  seton  needle. 

SONDE  A  OONDUCTEUR,  (F.)  A  modifi- 
cation of  the  ordinary  catheter ; — to  facilitate  the 
changing  of  catheters,  without  the  fear  of  making 
false  passages.  It  is  a  common  catheter,  open  at 
its  beak.  The  Stylet  or  Mandrin  is  one  half 
longer  than  that  of  the  ordinary  catheter.  To 
use  the  instrument,  the  stylet  is  pushed  into  the 
cavity  of  the  bladder  through  the  catheter.  The 
latter  is  then  withdrawn  by  slipping  it  over  the 
stylet,  which  is  kept  in  its  place,  and  serves  as  a 
guide  to  a  fresh  catheter. 

SONDE  A  DARD,  see  Lithotomy  (high  ope- 
ration.) 

SONDE  DE  LAFOREST.  A  small,  crooked 
canula,  used  for  probing  the  nasal  duet  from  be- 
low upwards,  and  for  throwing  injections  into  it. 
SONDE  on  PINCE  DE  HUNTER.  A  cy- 
lindrical silver  canula;  of  the  size  of  a  common 
catheter ;  open  at  both  extremities,  and  contain- 
ing a  wire  of  iron,  one  of  the  ends  of  which  is 
split  into  two  parts  ;  each  being  terminated  by  a 
small  silver  scoop,  and  separating  from  each  Other 
by  virtue  of  their  elasticity,  when  pushed  out  of 
the  canula,  and  again  approximating  when  drawn 
in.  It  has  been  used  for  laying  hold  of  small 
calculi  in  the  urethra. 

SONDE  DE  VARECQ,  Soda, 
SONGE,  Somnium. 

SONITUS  AURIUM,  Tinnitus  aurium  — s. 
Fluidi,  Ilygrecheraa  —  s.  Hepaticus,  Hepat^che- 
ma  —  s.  Intestinalis,  Enterechema  —  s.  Stoma- 
chicus,  Gasterechema. 

SONOROUS  RHONCHUS,  Rale  sonore. 
SONUS,  Sound — s.  Vocis,  Accent. 
SOOJA,  see  Dolichos. 

SOOJIE,  EASTER'S,  a  farinaceous  article 
of  diet,  is  said  to  consist  of  wheat  flour  sweetened 
with  sugar. 

SOOL,  Gastroperiodynia. 
SOOT,    Fuligo  — s.   Tea,    see   Fuligokali  —  s. 
Wart,  Cnncer,  chimney-sweeper's. 

SOPHIA,  Si;-ymbrium  sophia  —  3.  Chirurgo- 
rum,  Sisj'mbrium  sophia. 

SOPHISTICATION,  Falsification. 
SOPHO'RA  HEPTAPIIYL'LA,  Anticholer'- 
ica.  Familji,  Leguminosse.  Sex.  Si/st.  Decan- 
dria  Monogynia.  The  root  and  seeds  of  this 
shrub  are  intensely  bitter,  and  are  said  to  have 
been  found  useful  in  cholera,  colic,  dysentery,  <fec. 
SOPHORA  Tincto'riA,  Baptis'ia  tiiicto'ria, 
Podali/r'ia  Tiiicto'ria,  Iiidi(jof'ern,  Wild  In- 
digo, Indifjo  Weed,  Broom,  Jndir/o  Broom,  Horse- 
Jly  Weed,  Yellow  Broom,  Clover  Broom,  Rattle 
Bush,  Yellow  Indiffo.  An  American  plant,  the 
taste  of  whose  root  is  unpleasant,  sub-acrid,  and 
nauseous  —  very  similar  to  ipecacuanha.  In  a 
large  dose,  the  bark  of  the  root  acts  both  as  an 
emetic  and  cathartic.  It  has  been  considered 
antiseptic  and  febrifuge,  and  has  been  used,  in 
the  form  of  fomentation  or  cataplasm,  in  phage- 
denic and  gangrenous  ulcers.  A  liniment,  pre- 
pared by  simmering  the  cortical  part  of  the  root 
in  cream,  has  been  found  an  effioaeious  applica- 
Mon  to  sore  nipples  nnd  to  ulcerated  breasts. 

Baptis'ia  Leucan'llia,  Tall  tchite  false  Indigo, 
an  indigenous  plant,  has  the  same  properties. 
SOPHRONISTiE  BENTES,  see  Dentition. 


SOPHRONISTERESDENTES,  see  Dentition. 

SOPHROSYNE,  Temperance. 

SOPIENS,  Paregoric. 

SOPIO,  Opium. 

SOPOR.  A  profound  sleep,  from  which  the 
person  can  be  roused  with  difficulty.  It  is  a 
symptom  in  many  of  the  neuroses. 

Sopor  Caroticus,  Carus. 

SOPORARIiE  ARTERI^,  Carotids. 

SOPORATIVUS,  Somniferous. 

SOPORIFEROUS,  Somniferous. 

SOPORIFIC,  Somniferous. 

SO'POROUS,  So'2iorus,  from  sopor,  'sleep.' 
Sleepy  :  causing  sleep. 

SORA,  Essera. 

SORB  TREE,  Sorbus  domestica, 

SORBASTRELLA,  Pimpinella  saxifraga. 

SORBEFA'CIENT,  Sorbe/a'ciens,  from  gor~ 
here,  '  to  suck  in,'  and  facere,  '  to  make.'  A 
remedy  that  promotes  absorption. 

The  following  are  the  chief  sorbefacients  :  — 
Acida  Vegetabilia;  Alkalia;  Ammoniacum;  Bro- 
minum;  Galbanum  ;  Hydrargyri  Prasparata  ;  lo- 
dinum  ;  Liquor  Calcii  chloridi ;  Spongia  usta  ; 
Compression,  (methodical;)  Friction;  Mental 
Sorbefacients,  (Imagination,  Emotions.) 

SORBETHUM,  Sherbet. 

SORBETTUM,  Sherbet. 

SORBETUM,  Sherbet. 

SORRIER  DES  OISELEURS,  Sorbus  acu- 
paria. 

SORBITIO,  Jus. 

SoRBiTio  Carnis  seu  Ex  Carne.  Bro>h  or 
soup  made  of  meat. 

SORBITUM,  Jus. 

SORBUM,  see  Sorbus  domestica. 

SORBUS,  Cratasgus  aria,  S.  domestica. 

SoRBDS  Acupa'ria,  scu  Aucvjja'ria,  Mes'pilut, 
31.  acupa'ria,  Moitutain  Service,  3fountaia  Ash, 
QuicJcen  tree.  Roan  tree,  (F.)  Sorbier  des  Oise- 
lenrs.  The  berries  of  this  tree  are  employed  for 
similar  purposes  as  the  last. 

Sorbus  Alpina,  Crataegus  aria — s.  Aria,  Ct!»- 
ta\gus  aria — s.  Aueuparia,  S.  acuparia — s.  Cydo- 
nia,  Pyrus  cydonia. 

Sorbus  Domest'ica,  Sorbus,  Pyrus  domes'tien, 
Ifes'pilus  domes'tica,  Oie,  Service  or  Sorb  Tree, 
(F.)  Cormier.  Family,  Rosaeeae.  Sex.  Syst. 
Icosandria  Trigynia.  The  fruit  of  this  tree,  Sor- 
bum,  is  astringent,  and  has  been  recommended  in 
diarrhoea  and  dysentery.  It  is  given  in  the  form 
of  rob.  A  kind  of  cider  is  made  from  it,  and  also 
brandy. 

Sorbus  Malus,  Pyrus  mains. 

SORDES,  RJiypos.  A  dirty-looking  sanies, 
discharged  from  ulcers.  Also,  accumulations  of 
the  secretions  of  the  mouth,  on  the  teeth  in  ady- 
namic fevers  more  especially,  and  of  foul  matteri 
in  the  stomach — Sordes  prim' arum  ma'rum,Rhy- 
pa'ria.  The  French  call  an  ulcer,  exhibiting 
such  an  appearance,  sordid.  Also  dirt  of  any 
kind. 

SoRBES,  Ichor,  Saburra  —  s.  Acidaj,  Acidities 
—  s.  Aurium,  Cerumen  —  s.  Primarum  viarum, 
Embarras  gastriqtie,  see  Sordes  —  s.  Ventris,  E.v- 
crement. 

SORDICUL^  AURIUM,  Cerumen. 

SORE,  Ulcer. 

Sore,  Bay.  A  disease  which  Mosely  considers 
to  be  a  true  cancer.  It  is  endemic  in  the  Bay 
of  Honduras. 

Sore  -  Mouth,  Stomatitis  —  s.  Clergyman's, 
Pharyngitis,  follicular  —  s.  Gangrenous,  Cancer 
aquaticus  —  s.  Inflammatory,  Cynanche  tonsil 
laris  —  s.  Putrid,  Cynanche  maligna  —  s.  Throat, 
Cynanche  —  s.  Throat,  tubercular,  Pharyngitis, 
follicular  —  s  Throat,  ulcerous,  Cynanche  oaa- 
ligna. 


SORENESS 


799 


SPAGYRISTS 


SOREiSTESS,  from  Teut.  seer,  (G.)  Sehr, 
'very,'  Sax.  )"ap,  Pairqi'sis  acris  teneritu'do. 
Painful  uneasiness  or  tenderness,  local  or  gene- 
ral, on  being  touched  with  a  pressure  that  does 
not  usually  excite  distressing  feeling.  Often,  a 
febrile  symptom.  Also,  the  tenderness  of  a 
■wound,  ulcer,  &o. 

SORGHUM,  Panicum  Italicum. 

SOPtOCCO,  Puna; 

SOROCHE,  Puna. 

SORORIA'TIO.  The  period  at  which  the 
breasts  of  the  female  become  developed.  The  act 
of  becoming  thus  developed.  A  young  maiden, 
whose  mammae  begin  to  show,  was  formerly 
called  sororiixns  viri/o.  —  Plautus. 

SORREL,  COMMON,  Rumex  acetosa  — s. 
French,  Rumex  scutatus  —  s.  Garden,  Rumex 
ecutatus  —  s.  Mountain,  Oxalis  acetosella,  Oxy- 
ria  reniformis  —  s.  Salt  of,  Potass,  oxalate  of — s. 
Roman,  Rumex  scutatus  —  s.  Tree,  Andromeda 
arborea — s.  AVhite,  Oxalis  acetosella — s.  Welsh, 
Oxj'ria  reniformis. 

SOSTRUM,  improperly  Sofrum;  from  cra^eiv, 
'to  save.'  A  reward  given  to  one  who  saves  the 
life  of  another.    A  physician's  fee  or  honoi-aruiiii. 

SOTERIA  DOCTRINA,  Medicina. 

SOTERI^  AQU^,  Waters,  mineral. 

SOTIREL'LA.  Ancient  name  of  a  medicine 
composed  of  opium,  several  narcotics,  nutmeg, 
eaffron,  camphor  and  soot.  It  was  used  in  cer- 
tain diseases  of  the  teeth. 

SOTRUM,  Sostrum. 

^'0  UBRESA  UT,  Subsultns  tendinum. 

SOUCHERLOON,  Bit  noben. 

SOUCHET  DES  INDES,  Curcuma  longa — 
»,  Odorant,  Cyperus  longus — s.  liond,  Cyperus 
rotundns. 

SOUCr,  Calendula  officinalis,  Panophobia  — 
8.  des  Champs,  Calendula  arvensis — s.  Ordinaire, 
Calendula  otHeinalis. 

SOUDE,  Soda  —  s.  AcSjnte  de,  Soda,  acetate 
of — s.  Acre,  Sodse  carbonas  —  s.  Borate  de.  Bo- 
rax— s.  Borate  sursature  de.  Borax — s.  Carhouate 
de,  Sodaj  carbonas  —  s.  Caustique,  Soda  caustica 
-— e.  a  la  Chau.v,  Soda  Caustica—.?.  Chlorure  de. 
Soda,  chloride  of — •  s.  du  Commerce,  Soda  —  s. 
Grayeuse,  Soda^  carbonas — «.  Ejfervescente,  Sodee 
carbonas  —  s.  Hjiposulfite  de.  Soda,  hj'posulphite 
of — s.  Phosphate  de,  Soda,  phosphate  of — s.  ct  de 
Potnsse,  Tartrate  de.  Soda,  tartrate  of — s.  Pure, 
Soda  caustica — s.  Soushorate  de.  Borax — s.  Sous- 
earhonat-e  de.  Soda,  subcarbonate  of — s.  Sulfate 
de,  Soda,  sulphate  of. 

SOUFFLE,  see  Murmur,  respiratory  —  s.  Am- 
phorique,  see  Cavernous  respiration  —  s.  ILetal- 
Uque,  see  Cavernous  respiration  —  s.  Placentaire, 
Brtiit  jdacentaire  —  s.  Tubaire,  see  Murmur,  re- 
spiratory— .9.  Uteri)!,  Brnit  placentaire — s.  Voile, 
see  Cavernous  respiration. 

SOUFliE,  Sulphur  — s.  Todure  de,  Sulphuris 
iodidum — s.  Sublime,  Sulphur  sublimatum. 

SOUND,  Spccill'um,  Stylus,  E.rplorato'rium, 
Radi'olus,  (F.)  Sonde.  An  instrument  used  by 
surgeons  to  discover  whether  there  be  a  stone  in 
the  bladder.  It  is  usually  made  of  highly  po- 
lished steel,  and  is  shaped  like  the- catheter.  The 
operation  is  termed  sounding. 

The  French  Sonde  has,  however,  a  more  ex- 
tensive signification.  It  means  different  instru- 
laents  introdut-ed  into  cavities  of  certain  organs, 
or  into  wounds,  fistulas,  &c.,  to  investigate  their 
condition,  or  to  fulfil  some  therapeutical  indica- 
tion.    See  Sonde. 

Sound,  Sonus,  Echos,  Noise,  (F.)  Son,  Bruit. 
The  sensation  produced  on  the  auditory  nerve  by 
the  vibrations  of  a  sonorous  body.  Sounds  may 
be  propagated  in  three  modes.  1.  By  reciproca'- 
tiirti  or  con' sonance,  as  when  a  sounding  body,  of 


a  definite  pitch,  produces  a  musical  tone  when. 
another  body  of  the  same  pitch  is  sounded  near 
it.  2.  Biy  res'onauce,  as  when  a  sounding  body 
is  placed  in  connection  with  another,  one  or  more 
of  whose  parts  may  be  thrown  into  reciprocal  vi- 
bration;  and  3.  By  conduc'tion,  as  where  the  vi- 
brations are  transmitted  through  fluid,  liquid,  or 
solid  media. 

Sound,  Catheterize,  S.  Auricular,  Apyromele — 
s.  Bellows,  friction,  rasp,   saw,    lancet,  &c.,  see 
Bruit — s.    Crumpling,    pulmonary,    Froissemcht 
pulmonaire — s.  Laryngeal,  Larj^ngeche. 
SOUNDING,  Searching,  see  Sound. 
SOUNDNESS  OF  MIND,  Sanity. 
SO  UP  IB,  Sigh. 

SOUR  BERRY,  see  Oxycantha  Galeni,  Vaeci- 
nium  oxycoccos  —  s.  Dock,  boreal,  Oxyria  reni- 
formis—  s.  Leaf,  Andromeda  arborea  —  s.  Tree 
Andromeda  arborea — s.  Wood,  Andromeda  ar- 
borea. 

SOURCIL,  Supercilium. 

SOURGILIER,  Corrugator  supercilii,  Super- 
ciliary. 

SOURBS  MUETS,  see  Mutitas  surdorutn. 
SOUR  IS,  Nictation. 

SO  US- A  CR  OMIO-CLA  VT-HUMERAL,  Del- 
toid  —  s.  Atlo'idien,  Subatloidajus  —  s.  Axoidien, 
Subaxoidasus — s.  Clavier,  Subclavius — s.  Costuux, 
Intercostal  —  s.  Cutane,  Subcutaneous  —  s.  Epi~ 
neux,  Infra-spinatus — s.  Lingual,  Sub-lingual — s. 
Maxillaire,  Submaxillary  —  s.  Maxillo- Labial, 
Depressor  anguli  oris — s.  3/ental,  Submental  — ,«. 
3Ietacarpio-hiteri-p)halangien,  Prior  annularis —  k. 
Optico-sj^heno-scleroticien,  Rectus  inferior  oculi — 
s.  Orhilaire,  Suborbitar  —  s.  Pubio-coccygien,  Le- 
vator ani — .9.  Pubio-creti-tibial,  Gracilis  —  s.  Pii~ 
bio-pretibial,  Gracilis — s.  Pubio-trochanterien-ex- 
terne.  Obturator  externus — s.  Pubio-trochantirieu- 
interne,  Obturator  internus  —  s.  Scapulaire,  Sub- 
scapularis  —  s.  Scapulo-trocMnien,  Subscapularia 
— s.  Sels,  see  Salt. 

SOUTHERNWOOD,  Artemisia  abrotanum  — 
s.  Field,  Artemisia  campestris  —  s.  Maritime,  Ar- 
temisia maritima — s.  Tartarian,  Artemisia  santo- 
nica. 

SOWBREAD,  Arthanita,  Cyclamen. 
SOWENS,  Flummery. 
SOY,  see  Dolichos  soja. 
SOYMIDA,  Swietenia  febrifuga. 
SPA,    MINERAL   WATERS    OF.      A   town 
seven  leagues  southeast  of   Liege,  where  there 
are  several  springs,  possessing  a  sharp  acidulous 
taste  ;  containing  much  carbonic  acid,  carbonates 
of  iron,  lime,  and  magnesia;  carbonate  of  soda, 
and  chloride  of  sodium.    The  water  is  much  used 
as  a  tonic. 

Spa  AVater,  Artificial.  Soda  subcarb.,  gr. 
vij  ;  magnesioB  carbon.,  Qj  ;  limaf.  fcrri.,  gr.  iij  ; 
Bodii  chlorid.,  gr.  j  ;  aqua,  Oiij.  Impregnate 
with  gas  from  marble  powder  and  sulph.  acid., 
ail  Qx. 

SPACE,  INTERPEDUNCULAR,  Tarlni  por.s 
—  s.  Perforated,  anterior.  Locus  perforatus  anti- 
cus — s.  Perforated,  posterior,  Tarini  pons. 
SPADO,  Castratus,  Eunuch,  Spasm. 
SPAGYRIA,  Cbymistry. 

SPAG"YRISTS,  from  cTraw,  '  I  separate,' ajxl 
ayupoi,  'I  assemble;'  because  they  reduced  com- 
pounds into  elements,  and  formed  the  latter  inUt 
compounds  (?).  A  sect  of  physicians,  who  pre- 
tended to  account  for  the  changes  ihat  occur  in 
the  human  body  in  health  and  disease,  in  the  sarac 
manner  as  the  chymists  of  their  day  explained 
those  of  the  inorganic  kingdom.  —  3ledici'na  Pa- 
raceleis'tica  seu  Spiagyr'ica,  was  likewise  calieii 
Hermet'ica,   because   it  was    believed   that  tho 


SPANJEMIA 


800 


SPASME 


means  of  cure  adopted  in  it  had  been  found  in 
the  books  of  Hermes. 

SPAiST^'MIA,  from  o-n-avof,  'poor,'  and  'atjia, 
'blood.'  Poverty  of  the  blood.  Diminution  in 
the  quantity  of  fibrin  and  red  corpuscles  of  the 
blood,  —  as  where  bleeding  has  been  carried  be- 
yond certain  limits. — Simon. 

SPAX^'MIC,  SpancB'miciim  (remedium),  Dys- 
plas'ticmn,  Plastilyt'icum  et  erethilyt'icnm,  Hcb- 
riiatolyt'ieum,  Dyscrasiacum.  Same  etymon  as 
the  last.     Relating  to  spansemia. 

A  medicine  whose  protracted    use  is  said  to 
impoverish  the  blood,  —  as  iodine,  bromine,  &c. 
SPANDARAPUM,  Sparadrapum. 
SPANISH  FLY,  Cantharis. 
SPANOPO'GON,  from  airavo;,  'rare,'  and  ttu- 
y-j)v.  '  beard.'    One  who  has  lost  his  beard,  or  has 
a  thin  beard. 

The  Greeks  called  those  who  had  little  beard, 
or  who  had  lost  it,  Spanopogo'nes. 
SPARADRAPA,  Sparadrapum. 
SPARADEAPIEB.  The  name  of  a  machine 
fir  spreading  sparadraps.  A  Plaster  machine. 
It  consists  of  a  table,  with  two  raised  pieces,  mo- 
vable, and  furnished  with  points,  by  which  the 
cloth  can  be  stretched,  and  of  a  lamina  or  blade 
of  metal  to  extend  the  plaster  over  it. 

SPARADRA'PUM,  Sparadra'pa,  Spiaradra- 
pus,  Tela  emplan'tica,  Spandara'pum,  (F.)  Sjm- 
rodrap.  Any  adhesive  plaster  spread  upon  linen 
or  paper.  The  chief  sparadraps  are  the  follow- 
ing:— 

Sparadrapum  Adh^esi' vum,  Adhe'aive  Plaster. 
A  spread  plaster  of  the  Empdastrum  adhcesivmn. 
It  is  also  called  Stra.j)pinrj. 

English  Court  Plaster  is  a  Sparadrap,  (F.) 
T'ltjetas  agglutinatif,  T.  gomme,  Tiiffetas  d'An- 
glete)-re ;  Ser'icum  An'glicum,  Emplas'trmn  An- 
gilriim,  E.  Angliaa'num,  E.  Adliasi'vum  Wood- 
stock'ii,  E.  Ichthyocol'lcB  tela  indue' turn,  E.  Glu- 
tino'sum,  Tela  Ichthyocol'lcB  glu'tinans,  Isinglass 
Plaster.  It  is  made  by  stretching  black  silk,  and 
brushing  it  over  with  a  solution  of  isinglass^], 
in  2}>'0f^  spArit  §xij,  to  which  tinct.  benzoin  gij, 
are  added.  When  dry,  this  is  repeated  five  times; 
after  this,  two  coats  are  given  it  of  a  solution  of 
tr^reh.  ChicB  5iv,  in  tinct.  hem.  gvj,  which  render 
it  less  liable  to  crack. 

Liston's  Isinglass  Plaster  is  made  by  spreading 
several  coats  of  strong  solution  of  isinglass  in 
weak  spirit  over  oiled  silk,  or,  still  better,  over 
animal  membrane  previously  prepared  for  the 
purpose  from  the  peritoneal  coat  of  the  caecum  of 
the  ox. 

SpARABRAPUir  PRO  FoxTic'uLTS,  Issue  Plaster, 
is  sometimes  made  of  sinip)le  diachylon,  ftiij  ;  Biir- 
gnndy  pitch  and  sarcocolla,  each  §iv;  common 
turpentine,  §j.  Spread  upon  linen  and  polished 
with  a  moistened  calendering  glass  rubber. 

Sparadrapum  sen  Tela  Galteri,  Defensive 
Plaster,  (F.)  Toile  de  Gantier.  This  is  made  of 
olive  oil,  Ibss;  suet,  §iv;  tcax,  §X  ,•  litharge, 
common  turpentine,  thus,  and  mastich,  aa  ^ij  ; 
lr,le  armeniac,  flour,  aa  §j.  Pour  it,  while 
liquid,  upon  cloth,  and  spread.  Used  for  issues 
and  to  keep  on  dressings. 

Sparadra'pum  Vesicato'rium.  Several  sub- 
stances have  been  introduced  as  substitutes  for 
blistering  plaster,  (see  Emplastrum  Lyttas,)  under 
the  names.  Tela  vesicato'ria,  Blistering  Tissue, 
<tc.,  and  other  forms  of  which  are  the  Taffetas 
vesicant,  Papjier  epispiastique,  Gharta  vesicato'ria. 
Taffetas  epispiastique.  They  are  made  of  an 
ethereal  or  alcoholic  extract  of  cantharidcs,  or  of 
canthcridin,  mixed  with  wax  and  spread,  in  a 
very  fine  layer,  on  silk  or  paper  previously  oiled 
or  waxed      They  ajc  efficient  agents. 


Sparadrapum  Vir'ide,  Com  Plaster.  This 
may  be  made  of  yelloio  wax,  Ibij  ;  Burgundy 
pitch,  ^xij  ;  common  turpentine,  ^vj  ;  verdigris, 
§iij  ;  spread  on  cloth  and  polished. 

Kennedy's  Corn  Plaster  is  made  of  yellow  wax, 
B) j  ;    Venice  turpentine,  "^ly,  verdigris,  "^i. 

SPARADRAPUS,  Sparadrapum. 

SPARAGMA,  Laceration. 

SPARAGMOS.  Spasm. 

SPARAGUS,  Asparagus. 

SPARAL'LIL'M,  Clyster  vteri'nvs.  An  injec- 
tion into  the  vagina. —  Ruland  and  Johnson. 

SPAREDIA.  A  ligature  covered  with  the 
white  of  egg. —  Paracelsus. 

SPARGA'NIUM  RAMO'SUM,  Great  Bur- 
reed.  Indigenous;  O/'rfer,  Typhaceaj;  flowering 
in  July  and  August.  The  roots  are  subastrin- 
gent,  but  esculent;  yielding  a  fine  fecula,  simi- 
lar to  salep.  They  are  sometimes  made  into  a 
poultice  for  inflamed  mammae. 

SPAR'GANON,  Spar'gannm,  from  aiTapyo:,  'I 
swathe,  '  I  wrap.'  '  Swathing  clothes  ;'  a  kind 
of  bandage,  with  which  children  were  formerly 
surrounded. — Foesius.    Also,  a  fascia. 

SPARGANO'SIS,  Spargo'sis,  Intvmescen'tia 
lac'tea  mamma'vum,  Mastodyn'ia  polyg'ala,  from 
airapyao),  '  I  am  ready  to  burst.'  Extreme  disten- 
tion of  the  breasts  b}'  milk.  Sparganosis  also 
means  the  wrapping  of  a  child  in  swathing  clothes. 

Sparganosis  Puerperarum,  Phlegmatia  do- 
lens. 

SPARGANUM,  Sparganon. 

SPARROWGRASS,  Asparagus. 

SPARSUS,  Sporadic. 

SPAR'TIITM  JUX'CEUM,  Spanish  broom. 
A  small  European  shrub,  cultivated  in  the  gar- 
dens of  the  United  States,  on  account  of  its  yel- 
low flowers.  The  seeds  are  diuretic  and  tonic, 
in  small  doses ;  emetic  and  cathartic  in  large. 
They  have  been  used  in  dropsy  — 10  or  15  grains 
three  times  a  day. 

Spartium  Scopa'rium,  Cyt'isus  scopa'ritts,  Ge- 
nis'ta,  G.  scopa'rin,  Genis'ta  hirsu'ta,  Broom,  Cy- 
tiso-genista,  (F.)  Genet  a  halai.  Family,  Legu- 
minosae.  Sex.  Si/st.  Diadelphia  Decandria.  B>-oom 
Tops,  Spnrtii  Vacumina,  Scopa'rius,  Ph.  U.  S.,) 
have  a  bitter  taste,  and  are  possessed  of  diuretic 
properties.  They  have  been  used  in  dropsies. 
Dose,  of  the  powder,  ^j  to  ^j-  All  the  genistas 
have  similar  virtues.  A  decoction  of  genista, 
along  with  the  cauterization  of  the  pustules  under 
the  tongue,  has  been  recommended  in  hydro- 
phobia. 

Spartium  Tixctorium,  Genista  tinctoria. 

SPASM,  Spasmus,  Sparag'mos,  Synol'ce, Spado, 
from  (Ts-ao),  '  I  draw.'  The  Greeks  gave  this  name 
to  all  kinds  of  convulsions.  It  is  now  usually 
applied  to  involuntary  muscular  contractions : 
and  these,  again,  have  been  divided  into  tonie 
spasm,  Paroton'ia,  which  consists  in  permanent 
rigidity  and  immobility  of  the  muscles  that  are 
the  seat  of  it  (see  Tetanus);  and  clonic  spasm, 
which  consists  in  alternate  contractions  and  re- 
laxations (see  Convulsion). 

Cullen  has  a  class,  <S}>f(sHu' — the  neurospiasmi 
of  Fuchs. 
I  Spasm,  Cloxic,  Convulsion  —  s.  Cynic,  see  Ca- 
nine laugh — s.  of  the  Glottis,  Asthma  thymicum 
■  -S.  of  the  Larynx,  Asthma  thymicum  —  s.  with 
Rigidity,  Tetanus. 

Spasm,  AVniTERs'.     Involuntary  spasms  of  the 
muscles  of  the  thumb  and  index  finger,  observed, 
at  times,  in  those  who  are  much  accustomed  to 
writing.     See  Cramp,  writers'. 
SPASMATICUS,  Spasmoticus. 
SPASMATODES,  Spasmoticus. 
SPASME,  DE  LA  GLOTTE  ET  DU  THO- 


SPASM! 


801 


SPERM 


RAX,  Asthma  thymicum  —  s.  de  la  Vessie,  Cys- 
tospasmus. 

SPASMI,  see  Spasm. 
RPASMODES,  Convulsive, 
SPASMODIC,  Spasmoticus. 
SPASMOL'OGYi  Spasmolog" ia,  from   cT^aaiios, 
'spasm,  and  Xoyog,  'a treatise.'     A   treatise  on 
spasms. 

SPASMOLYGMUS,  Singultus. 
SPASMOT'ICUS,  Spiismat'iciis,  Spasmato'des, 
Spas'ticus,  Spastic,  Spasmod'ic.     Any  thing  re- 
lating to  spasm.    Also,  an  antispasmodic. 

Morbt  constrieto'rii,  31.  spasmot'ici,  &c.,  are 
diseases  aeeompanied  with  spasm. 

SPASMUS,  Convulsion,  Spasm  —  s.  Aurium, 
Otalgia — s.  Caninus,  see  Canine  laugh — s.  Cloni- 
cus,  Convulsion — s.  Cynicus,  see  Canine  laugh — 
s.  Facialis,  Tic  —  s.  Glottidis,  Asthma  thymicum 
' — s.  Linguae,  Glossospasmus — s.  Maxilla3  inferio- 
ris.  Trismus — s.  Muscularis,  Cramp — s.  Musculo- 
rum Faciei,  Canine  laugh  —  s.  Universalis,  Syn- 
clonus — s.  Ventriculi,  see  Cardialgia — s.  Vesicaj, 
Cystospasmus. 

SPAS'NIA,  same  etymon  as  Spasm.  A  term, 
used  by  Mercurialis,  to  designate  the  lancinating 
pain  produced,  at  times,  in  the  chest  by  violent 
tits  of  coughing. 

SPASTIC.  Spasmoticus,  Tonic  spasm. 
SPASTICUM,  Tetanic. 
SPATHA,  Hypaleiptron. 

SPATHES'TER,  from  tr-acu,  'I  draw.' (?)     A 
surgical  instrument,  used  for  drawing  the  prepuce 
over  the  glans,  when  too  short. — P.  Amman. 
SPATHOMELE,  Spatula. 
SPATHULA,    Scapula,    Spatula  — s.   Foetida, 
Iris  foetidissima. 

SPATHYEMA  FCETIDA,  Dracontium  fceti- 
dum. 

SPAT'ILE,  craTL\ri,  'human  excrement.'  A 
liquid  fecal  evacuation.  Excrement.  —  Hippo- 
crates. 

SPATIUM  ORIS,  Mouth— s.  Trigonum,  Lyra. 
SPAT'ULA,  Spath'tda,  diminutive  of  SpatJia, 
a-aa^ri,  '  a  broad-sword.'  Spatliame'le,  Sjiecill'uni 
latum.  An  instrument  used  for  spreading  plas- 
ters, stirring  ointments,  holding  down  the  tongue, 
&c.     Also,  the  scapula. 

Spatula  pro  Ore,  Glossospatha. 
SPEARWORT.  Ranunculus  flammula. 
SPEAUTER,  Zinc. 

SPECIES,  Powders,  compound — s.  Aromatica3, 
Pulvis  cinnamomi  eompositus  —  s.  Diacinnamo- 
mi,  Pulvis  cinnamomi  eompositus  —  s.  Diacretse, 
Pulvis  cretas  compos.- — -s.  Diajalapse,  Pulvis  ja- 
lapa3  eompositus — s.  Diamhraj  sine  odoratis,  Pul- 
vis cinnamomi  eompositus  —  s.  Diatragacanthse 
i'rigida;,  Pulvis  tragacanthae  eompositus — s.  Hieraj 
piora,  Pulvis  aloes  cum  canella  —  s.  La;tificantes 
Rhazis,  Pulvis  cinnamomi  eompositus — s.  e  Scor- 
dio  cum  opio,  Pulvis  creta3  eompositus  cum  opio 
— s.  e  Scordio  sine  opio,  Pulvis  cretge  eompositus. 
SPECIF'IC,  Specif 'ieus,  from  sj^ecies,  '  a  form 
or  fashion,'  and  facere,  '  to  make.'  A  substance 
to  which  is  attributed  the  property  of  removing, 
directly,  one  disease  rather  than  any  other.  Pro- 
bably no  such  remedy  exists.  Mercury  in  syphi- 
lis, and  svlpJtur  in  the  itch,  have  been  regarded 
as  the  strongest  examples. 

Specific  of  Herrenschwanb.  A  once  cele- 
brated German  vermifuge.  It  is  said  to  have 
consisted  of  10  grains  of  Gamboge,  with  20  of 
Carbonate  of  Fotassa.  It  is  afiirmed,  that  mer- 
cury and  arsenic  have  also  been  found  in  it. — 
Paris. 

SPECIFICUM  PARACELSI,  Potassse  sul- 
phas. 

SPECIL'LUM,  Mele,  Stylus,  Explorato'rium, 
from  specio,  'I  examine/  Speda'rion,  a  probe, 
51 


(F.)  Stylet,  Sonde.  A  surgical  instrument,  em- 
ployed for  examining  wounds,  fistulas,  and  for 
passing  setons,  <fec.  It  is  usually  formed  of  sil- 
ver; and  is  terminated,  at  one  end,  by  an  olive- 
shaped  button.  The  eyed  probe  has  an  aperture 
at  the  other  extremity. 

Specillum,  Everriculum,  Hypaleiptron,  Sound 
— s.  Auricularium,  Apyromele — s.  Cereum,  Bou- 
gie— s..  Escavatum,  Stylus  excavatus- — s.  Latum, 
Spatula — s.  Minus,  Melotis. 
SPECLARION,  Specillum. 
SPECTACLES,  from  spectare,  'to  behold;' 
Conspicil'la,  (F.)  Besides,  Lunettes  ordinaires, 
Conserves.  Glasses  to  assist  the  sight:  arranged 
so  as  to  be  adapted  to  both  eyes.  These  glasses 
are  more  or  less  concave  or  convex,  according  as 
the  sight  is  more  or  less  short,  (myopic,)  or  long, 
[presbyopic.)  When  the  glass  is  adapted  to  one 
eye,  it  is  called  an  Eyeglass,  Conspicil'lutn,  Per- 
spicil'hun,  Vitrum  ocula're. 

SPECULA'RIS  LAPIS.  A  transparent  mine- 
ral, but  of  what  nature  is  not  clear,  which  was 
formerly  employed  in  epilepsy.  In  old  times  it 
was  used  for  glass. —  Pliny. 

SPECULUM,  Catop'ter,  Catop'tron,  Biop'tron. 
In  Latin,  'a  mirror;'  from  specio,  'I  see.'  In 
surgery,  it  means  different  instruments  for  dila- 
ting cavities,  and  facilitating  their  examination. 
See  Dilator.  There  are  various  instruments  of 
this  kind, — the  S.  Ani,  S.  Auris,  S.  Vaginm, 
[Colpeuryn'ter,  Elytreurynter,)  S.  Ilatri'cis,  S. 
Oculi,  S.  Oris  ((F.)  Baillon,)  S.  Guttwis,  S." 
Vesica. 

Speculum  Citrinum,  Orpiment  —  s.  Indicum, 
Ferri  limatura — s.  Lucidum,  Septum  lucidum — s. 
Oris,  Glossocatochus — s.  Veneris,  Achillea  mille- 
folium. 

SPECUS,  Vulva  —  s.  Cordis,  Ventricle  of  the 
Heart — s.  Pro  medulla  spinali,  see  Vertebral  co- 
lumn— s.  Vertebralis,  see  Vertebral  column. 
SPEDALSKE,  see  Radzyge. 
SPEDALSKHED,  see  Radzyge. 
SPEECH,  Voice,  articulated. 
SPEECHLESSNESS.  Mutitas. 
SPEEDIMAN'S  PILLS,  see  Pilulse  aloes  et 
myrrhse. 

SPEEDWELL,  BROOKLIME,  Veronica  bec- 
cabunga — s.  Female,  Antirhinum  elatiue — s.  Offi- 
cinal, Veronica — s.  Purslain,  Veronica  peregrin* 
— s.  Water,  Veronica  beccabunga. 
SPELTRUM,  Zincum. 
SPERAGUS,  Asparagus. 

SPERM,  from  o-irtipoj,  'I  sow.'  Spermat'ie 
fluid  or  liquor,  Sem'inal  fluid,  Seed,  Semen,  S^ 
viri'le  seu  masculi'num  seu  genita'le,  Semin'iiim, 
Genita'le,  Medul'la;,  Rytis'ma,  Bos,  Sanguis,  Se- 
rum, Humor  gen  ita' lis  seu  semina'lia  seu  vene'- 
reus,  Uri'na  genita'li^,  Genitu'ra,  Sperma,  S. 
viri'le,  Spermi'xim,  Tho're,  Tho'rus,  Lac  maris, 
Lagne'a,  Lagni'a,  Lagneu'ma,  Germen,  Male's 
milk,  Prop'agatory  or  genital  liquor,  Vita'le  vi- 
rus. Vital  or  quickening  venoni,  (F.)  Semence,  Flu- 
ule  seminal.  A  whitish,  viscid  fluid,  of  a  peculiar 
smell,  secreted  by  the  testicles,  whence  it  is  car- 
ried by  the  vasa  deferentia  to  the  vesiculse  semi- 
nales,  to  be  thrown  into  the  vagina,  during  co- 
ition, through  the  ejaculatory  ducts  and  the  ure- 
thra. It  is  the  fecundating  fluid,  and  must  come 
into  actual  contact  with  the  germ  of  the  female. 
The  Aura  sem'inis,  Gonau'ra,  is  incapable  of  ef- 
fecting fecundation.  The  semen,  at  the  time  of 
emission,  is  composed  of  two  different  fluids  ;  the 
one  liquid  and  transparent,  which  is  considered 
to  be  the  secretion  of  the  prostate,  —  the  other, 
white,  and  as  thick  as  mucilage;  the  product  of 
the  testicular  secretion.  The  sperm  contains,  ac- 
cording to  Vauquelin,  900  parts  of  water,  OO  of 
animal  mucilage,  10  of  soda,  and  30  of  calcareous 


SPERMA 


802 


SPERMATOPCEIA 


pTiospIiate.  The  animal  matter  is  peculiar,  and 
l>y  some  termed  spermatin. 

Microscopic  observations  show  that  it  contains 
gpermatozu'a,  or  more  properly  spermatozo'ids  ; 
for  their  animalcular  nature  is  not  demonstrated. 
They  are  produced  in  cells  —  sjierm-cells  —  and 
have  probably  no  more  title  to  be  considered  ani- 
malcular, than  the  cilia  of  the  ciliated  epithelium. 
By  careful  examination,  other  minute,  round, 
granulated  bodies  may  almost  always  be  de- 
tected, which  are  in  all  cases  much  less  nume- 
rous than  the  spermatozoa.  These  bodies  are  the 
seminal  granules,  gran'ula  sem'inh.  Pure  sperm, 
in  its  most  perfect  state,  consists  principally  of 
speimatozoids  and  seminal  granules;  both  of 
which  are  enveloped  in  a  small  quantity  of  fluid, 
iiqvov  sem'inis. 

It  has  been  imagined,  but  erroneously,  that 
during  coition  there  is  a  secretion  of  female  sperm 
— Semen  muUe'bre,  Thelyg'onnm.  The  increased 
.accretion  that  takes  place  is  chiefly  from  the 
glands  of  Duverney. 

Sperm  also  means  spermaceti. 

Sperm  Cell,  see  Sperm. 

SPERMA,  Sperm  —  s.  Mereurii,  Hydrargyrus 
acetatus. 

Sperjia  Rana'rttm,  SpcrnVola  seu  Sperni'olum 
geu  Sperm i'ola  seu  Speriiii'ohim  rana' nun.  Frog's 
spawn.     Once  used  in  medicine. 

SPERMACETI,  Cetaceum— s.  Whale,  see  Ce- 
toceum. 

SPERMACRASIA,  Spermatorrhoea. 

SPERMATACRASIA,  Spermatorrhcea. 

SPERMATACRATIA,  Spermatorrhoea. 

SPERMAT'IC,  Sjyermat'icua,  Semina'lin,  Sera'- 
inal.  That  which  relates  to  the  sperm.  A  name 
given  to  different  parts  connected  with  the  organs 
of  generation. 

Spermatic  Arteries,  A.  Spermat'iccB,  A.  prce- 
paran'tes,  (F.)  Arteres  teeticulaires,  A.  de  I'ovaire 
(Ch.),  are  two  in  number — one  on  each  side — and 
arise  from  the  sides  of  the  aorta,  sometimes  from 
the  renal  arteries.  They  descend,  almost  verti- 
cally, at  the  sides  of  the  vertebral  column,  and 
are  distributed  difierently  in  the  two  sexes.  In 
man,  the  spermatic  artery,  situate  at  the  side  of 
the  vas  deferens,  issues  by  the  abdominal  ring ; 
gives  numerous  ramifications  to  the  spermatic 
chord,  and  divides  into  two  fasciculi  of  branches, 
one  of  which  goes  to  the  testicle, — the  other  to 
the  epididymis.  In  the  female,  the  spermatic 
artery,  ova'rian  artery,  dips  into  the  pelvis,  and 
passes  to  the  ovarium,  Fallopian  tube,  and  round 
ligament. 

Spermatic  Chord,  Testicular  Chord,  Funic' - 
ulus  Spermaticus,  Corpus  varico'sum,  (F.)  Cordon 
i^permatique  ou  iesticulaire.  The  vascular  and 
nervous  chord,  by  which  the  testicle  is  suspended. 
It  is  composed  of  the  spermatic  artery  and  veins; 
of  other  small  vessels;  of  lymphatics;  of  ncr- 
Tous  filaments  from  the  spermatic  plexus,  and 
from  the  genito-crural  branch  of  the  lumbo-ab- 
dominal  plexus;  of  the  vas  deferens,  and,  very 
often,  of  a  fibro-cellular  chord,  which  unites  the 
peritoneum  to  the  upper  part  of  the  tunica  vagi- 
nalis, and  in  which  encysted  hydrocele  of  the 
tpermatic  chord  occurs.  All  these  parts  are  uni- 
ted together  by  a  very  lax,  areolar  tissue,  and 
surrounded  by  coats,  which,  reckoning  from  with- 
out, arc  : —  1.  The  skin  and  areolar  membrane. 
2.  A  fibro-cellular  membrane,  formed  by  the  faa- 
cia  superfioialis.  3.  A  very  thin  liiyor,  formed  by 
fibres  of  the  cremnstcr  muscle,  united  archwise 
before,  and  often  also  behind,  the  chord.  4.  The 
proper  sheath  of  the  spermatic  vessels,  or  the  tu- 
bular prolongation  furnished  by  the  fnrcia  trans- 
•v'jrfcalis  to  the  chord,  on  a  level  with  the  superior 
orifice    of    the   inguinal    canaL     The   spermatic 


chord  is  commonly  shorter  on  the  right  side  than 
on  the  left;  and  of  a  different  size  in  different 
individuals.  It  ascends,  almost  vertically,  from 
the  superior  margin  of  the  testicle  as  far  as  tbo 
lower  orifice  of  the  inguinal  canal;  passes  through 
this  canal  and  enters  the  abdomen,  crossing  Ih-j 
epigastric  arterj'.  Here  it  forms  an  evident  el- 
bow, directing  its  course  backward.  At  this 
part,  also,  the  organs  composing  it  separate  from 
each  other  :  —  the  vas  deferens  descending  into 
the  pelvis  to  pass  behind  the  bladder ; — the  blood- 
vessels and  lymphatics  ascending  towards  the 
lumbar  region,  itc. 

Spermatic  Fluid,  Sperm. 

Spermatic  Ganglion.  A  large  ganglion, 
formed  by  branches  from  the  hypogastric  gang- 
lion, and  from  the  spermatic  plexus.  It  supplies 
the  fundus  uteri.  Besides  these  ganglia,  I)r. 
Robt.  Lee  describes  ves'ieal  and  vag"inal  (janylia, 
and  anterior  and  posterior  snhperitone' al  ganglia 
and  plexuses,  which  communicate  with  the  pre- 
ceding, and  constitute  an  extensive  nervous  rete 
over  the  entire  uterus. 

Spermatic  Liquor,  Liquor,  Sperm. 

Spermatic  Passages  or  "Ways,  Via  Sperma- 
liccB,  are  the  canals  concerned  in  the  excretion 
of  semen. 

Spermatic  Plexuses  of  nerves,  Plexua  testicti- 
lares,  are  two  in  number,  and  are  furnished  by 
the  renal  plexuses.  Their  filaments,  called  Sper- 
matic nerves,  follow  the  arteries  of  the  same  name 
to  the  testicle  in  man;  and  to  the  ovary  and  Fal- 
lopian tube  in  the  female, — ova'rian  nerves.  They 
cannot  be  traced  into  the  substance  of  these 
organs. 

Spermatic  Veins  are  two  or  three  in  number, 
on  each  side.  They  accompany  the  spermatic 
artery,  and  open  —  those  of  the  right,  into  the 
vena  cava  inferior;  those  of  the  left,  into  the 
corresponding  renal  vein.  These  veins  form, 
above  the  testicle,  a  kind  of  venous  network, 
called,  by  some,  the  Spermatic  Plexus ;  and  an- 
other plexus  before  the  psoas  muscle,  called  the 
Corpus  pa mpini forme. 

SPERMATIN,  see  Sperm. 

SPERMATIS'MUS,  Emis'sio  sem'inis,  from 
aircpiia,  '  sperm.'     The  emission  of  sperm. 

SPERMATOCE'LE,  Hernia  semina'lis  scroti, 
Oscheoce'le  semina'lis,  Gonoce'le,  from  cncpita, 
'sperm,'  and  k»;X)7,  'a  tumour.'  The  ancients 
gave  this  name  to  certain  swellings  of  the  testi- 
cle which  were  regarded  as  produced  by  an  ac- 
cumulation of  sperm  in  the  organ.  Also,  vari- 
cocele. 

SPERMATOCLEMMA,  see  Pollution. 

SPERMATOCLEPSIS,  see  Pollution. 

SPERMATOCYSTIDORRnAG"IA,  Caufor- 
rJiag"ia  ejaculato'ria,  JJceinatu'ria  ejacidato'ria, 
H.  semina'lis,  from  cTipfna,  a-cpixctTOi,  '  sperm,' 
Kvaris,  'bladder,'  and  pnyij,  'a  breaking  forth.' 
A  discharge  of  blood  from  the  urethra,  or  the  act 
of  eiaculation  of  sperm. 

SPERMATODES,  Gonoides. 

SPERM ATOGON'IA,  Spermogon'in,  Spcrma- 
topce'ia,  Sjjermalopoc'sis,  Spermi'vm,  from  ancpfta, 
'  sperm,'  and  yivvau),  '  to  beget.'  The  preparatiou 
or  secretion  of  sperm. 

SPERMATOII),  Gonoides. 

SPERMATOLEPSIS,  see  Pollution. 

FPERMATOLIPSIS,  see  Pollution. 

SPEIi MA TOL  '  OG Y,  Spcrmatolog "ia,  from 
arrtfipa,  '  spcini,'  and  Xoyosj  '  a  discourse.'  A  trea- 
tise on  syiorm. 

SPERMATOPH'OROUS,  Scmini/'urous,  from 
a-ntnpa,  'sperm,'  and  (jiipw,  'I  carrj'.'  Sperm- 
bearing.  The  cells  or  granules  in  the  spcnn 
have  been  so  called. 

£PERMATOP(EL\,  Spermatogonia. 


SPERMATOPOESIS 


803 


ePHENOIDES 


SPERMATOPOESIS,  Spermatogonia. 

SPERMATOPOETIC,  Spermatopoeus. 

SPERMATOPCE'US,  Spermatopoet' icus,  Sper- 
matopoiet'icns,  Spermatopoet' ic,  Gonepae'us,  Gone- 
poiet'icus,  Gonopoiet'icus,  from  cnrep/ta,  'sperm,' 
and  i70[£ii;,  'to  make.'  Food,  to  which  has  been 
attributed  the  property  of  augmenting  the  secre- 
tion of  semen  ;  and,  consequently,  of  exciting  the 
venereal  act.  Very  succulent  and  very  nutritious 
substances  have  been  so  considered. 

SPERMATORRHCE'A,  Spermorrhce'a,  Sper- 
macra'sia,  Spermatoze' mia,  Spermatacra'sia,  Go- 
nacra'sia,  Gonacrati'a,  Spermatacrati'a,  Gonor- 
rhm'a  vera,  (P.)  Flux  de  Sperme,  Pollutions,  Per- 
tes  siminales  ;  from  CT:tp\ia,  '  sperm,'  and  ptta,  '  I 
flow.'  An  emission  of  sperm,  without  copulation. 
See  Gonorrhoea,  and  Pollution. 

Spermatorrhcea  Atonica,  Gonorrhoea  laxo- 
mm. 

SPERMATOS'CHESIS,  from  (rrreppia,  'sperm,' 
and  (Tx^oii,  '  retention.'  Retention  or  suppression 
of  the  spermatic  secretion. 

SPERMATOZEMIA,  Spermatorrhoea. 

SPERMATOZO'A,  Zoosper'mata,  from  o-rr^pf/a, 
'  sperm,'  and  ^uov,  '  animal.'  Zoospermes,  Sper- 
matozo'dires,  Spermatozo''ids,  Animal' cula  semina' - 
Ua  seu  spermat'ica,  Vermic'uli  spermat'ici,  Semi- 
nal filaments,  Spermatic  or  seminal  animalcules  (?). 
Reputed  animalcules  seen  in  the  sperm;  by  most 
physiologists  supposed  to  be  the  formative  agents 
in  generation.     See  Sperm. 

SPERMATOZO AIRES,  Spermatozoa. 

SPERMATOZOIDS,  Spermatozoa. 

SPERMIOLUM  RAXARUM,  Sperma  rana- 
rum. 

SPERMIUM,  Sperm,  Spermatogonia. 

SPERMOBOLE,  see  Ejaculation,  Spermatis- 
mus. 

SPERMOEDIA  CLAVUS,  Ergot. 

SPERMOGONIA,  Spermatogonia. 

SPERMORRHCEA.  Spermatorrhoea. 

SPERNIOLUM  RANARUM,  Sperma  rana- 
rum. 

SPEWING,  Vomiting. 

SPHACELATION,  Mortification. 

SPHACELE,  Sphacelus  — s.  de  la  Boucke, 
Cancer  aquaticus. 

SPHACELIA  SE6ETUM,  see  Ergot. 

SPHACELISMUS,  Sphacelus  —  s.  Cerebri, 
Phrenitis. 

SPHACELUS,  GangrcB'na  Sphacelus,  Spha- 
celis'mus,  Cold  mortification,  (F.)  Sphacele,  Gan- 
grlne froide,  from  o-^a^oj,  'I  slay.'  This  word  is 
used,  by  some,  synonymously  with  gangrene  ;  by 
others,  with  gangrene  when  it  occupies  the  whole 
substance  of  a  limb.  Commonly,  it  means  the 
disorganized  portion,  in  cases  of  mortification, 
anthraconeoro'sis,  which  must  be  thrown  off — or 
is,  in  other  words,  totally  dead.  The  foul  disor- 
ganized portion  of  an  ulcer — called  the  slough — 
must  be  considered  a  kind  of  sphacelus. 

Sphacelus  was  formerly  used  to  denote  excessive 
pain  ;  and  for  agitation  from  excessive  pain,  or 
violent  emotion. 

Sphacelus  Cereahs,  Ergotism  —  s.  Nosoco- 
mialis,  Hospital  gangrene. 

SPHjERA,  Pila  —  s.  Marina,  Pila  marina  —  s. 
Tbalassia,  Pila  marina. 

SPH^RANTHUS  INDICUS,  Adaca. 

SPHiERIDION,  Pikila. 

SPH^RION,  Globule,  Pilula. 

SPHyEROCEPHALA  ELATIOR,  Echinops. 

SPHiEROCOCCUS  CRISPUS,  Fucus  crispus 
—  s.  Helminthochortus,  Corallina  Corsicana  —  s. 
]jichenoides,  Fucus  amylaceus. 

SPHiERUL^  SANGUINIS,  Globules  of  the 
blood. 


SPHAGE,  Throat. 

SPHENDONE,  Funda. 

SPHENOID,  SphenoVdes,  Spheno'des,  Sphe- 
noideus,  Spheno'ida'lis,  from  <j(pT]v,  'a  wedge,'  and 
Clio;,  '  resemblance.'     Wedge-shaped.     Hence, 

Sphenoid  Bone,  Sphenoides  os,  Os  hasila're  sen 
cuneifor'me  sen  cu'neo  compara' turn  sen  s2:)henoida' - 
le  seu  multifor'me  seu  az'ygos  seu  pajyilla're  seu 
polymor'phon  seu  paxilla' re  seu  baxilla're  seu 
almfor'me  seu  sphecoV des  seu  vespifor'me  seu  in- 
conjuga'tum,  Pter'ygoid  hone.  An  azygous  bone, 
situate  on  the  median  line,  and  at  the  base  of  the 
cranium.  It  articulates  with  all  the  other  bones 
of  that  cavity ;  supports  them,  and  strengthens 
their  union.  Its  form  is  singular,  and  resembles 
a  bat  with  its  wings  extended.  It  has,  1.  An 
inferior  or  guttural  surface,  on  which  is  situate 
the  crista,  that  joins  the  vomer ;  a  channel,  whie'i 
concurs  in  forming  the  pterygo-palatine  foramfu  ; 
the  pterygoid  process;  the  pterygoid  fossa;  the 
scaphoid  depression;  the  Vidian  or  pterygoid 
canal;  the  foramina  —  ovale,  spinale,  &c.  2.  A 
superior  or  cerebral  surface,  on  which  are  :  —  the 
clinoid  processes;  the  pituitary  fossa ;  the  forii- 
mina  (ovale,  rotundum,  and  spinale);  the  Apo- 
physis of  Ingrassias  or  lesser  wing:  the  foramen 
opticum,  &c.  3.  An  occipital  or  posterior  surface, 
which  is  articulated  with  the  basilary  process  of 
the  occipital  bone.  4.  An  anterior  or  orhitnr- 
nasal  surface;  having,  anteriorly,  a  crista  to 
unite  with  the  ethmoid  bone ;  and,  on  each  side, 
a  round  aperture,  which  leads  into  two  cavities 
in  the  substance  of  the  bone,  separated  by  ;i 
middle  septum,  and  called  the  sjihenoidal sinusee. 
5.  Two  zygomato-temporal  or  external  sarfaccK, 
which  correspond  to  the  temporal  and  zygomatic 
fossee. 

Some  divide  the  sphenoid  into  hody  or  middle 
portion;  and  ate,  which  are  four  in  number,  an<i 
are  subdivided  into  great  ( Temporal  Platen  or 
Wings)  and  little  (Apojyhyses  of  Ingrassias).  The 
Sphenoid  suture  surrounds  the  bone. 

Sphenoid,  Spinous  Process  of  the.  Sphenoid 
spine. 

SPHENOID'AL,  Sphenoida'lis.  That  which 
belongs  or  relates  to  the  sphenoid  bone. 

Sphenoida'liA  Cor'nuA,  (F.)  Cornets  sphino- 
'idaux,  Cornets  de  Bertin;  Ossic'ula  Bertr'ni, 
Ossa  triangiila'ria,  Pyr'amids  of  Wistar.  Two 
small,  thin,  and  curved  bones,  situate  between 
the  sphenoid  and  ethmoid,  with  which  they  are 
confounded  in  the  adult.  They  have  the  shape 
of  a  hollow  pyramid,  with  the  base  turned  back- 
wards ;  and  are  developed  by  a  single  point  of 
ossification.  They  are  articulated  with  the  sphe- 
noid, ethmoid,  palate  bone,  and  vomer. 

Sphenoidal  or  Supe'rior  Or'bitary  Fissure, 
Fora'men  lac"erum  supe'rius,  (F.)  Fente  speno'i- 
dale,  is  a  large  fissure,  situate  between  the  great 
and  little  ala  of  the  sphenoid.  It  is  seen  at  the 
upper  and  back  part  of  the  orbit  between  which 
and  the  cranium  it  is  a  means  of  communication. 

Sphenoidal  Spine,  (F.)  Epine  sphenoidal. 
Spinous  Process  of  the  Sphenoid;  —  1.  A  project- 
ing crista  at  the  inferior  surface  of  the  sphenoici- 
bone,  for  articulation  with  the  vomer.  2.  A  tri- 
angular process,  Apophyse  sous-temporale  (Ch.), 
met  with  near  the  posterior  margin  of  the  same 
bone,  behind  the  foramen  spinale.  At  the  point 
of  the  spinous  process,  a  styloid  process  is  fre- 
quently met  with. 

SPHENOIDES,  Cuneiform,  Sphenoid  — s.  0> 
Sphenoid  bone. 

SPHENOMAX'ILLART,  Spheno-vmxilla'rii 
That  which  relates  to  the  sphenoid  and  maxillary* 
bones. 

Sphenomaxillart  Fissure,  Inferior  or'bUoff 


SPHENO-ORBITAR 


804 


SPICEBUSH 


Fissure,  (F.)  Fente  spheno-maxilhiire  oil  orhitaire 
inferieure ;  called,  also,  Fora'men  lac"erum  in- 
fe'rius,  F.  sjiheno-maxilla're,  is  situate  at  the 
posterior  part  of  the  angle  formed  by  the  union 
of  the  internal  and  inferior  parietes  of  the  orbit. 
It  is  constituted,  above,  by  the  sphenoid  bone ; 
below,  by  the  superior  maxillary  and  palate  bones  ; 
and,  before,  by  the  malar  bone.  It  is  narrower 
at  the  middle  than  at  the  extremities,  and  forms 
a  communication  between  the  orbitar  cavity  and 
the  zj'gomatic  fossa. 

Sphenomaxillaky  Fossa  is  a  name  given  by 
isome  anatomists,  to  a  depression  at  the  union  of 
■the  sphenomaxillary  and  pterygom axillary  fis- 
sures. 

SPHENO-OR'BITAR.  A  name  given,  by  Be- 
alard  to  the  anterior  part  of  the  body  of  the 
•sphenoid  bone,  which  is  developed  by  a  variable 
tiumber  of  points  of  ossification. 

Q'2'im:S0VXL'ATl'S^,Splienopalati'nu8.  That 
which  relates  to  the  sphenoid  and  palate  bones. 

Sphen'OPALATine  Artery,  Large  lateral  nasal 
A..,  is  the  termination  of  the  internal  maxillary. 
It  enters  at  the  posterior  part  of  the  superior 
meatus  of  the  nose,  through  the  spheno-palatine 
foramen,  and  spreads  its  numerous  branches  on 
the  pituitary  membrane  covering  the  septum,  the 
cornua,  and  the  meatus. 

Sphenopalatine  Fora'men  is  a  round  aper- 
ture, formed  by  the  vertical  portion  of  the  os  pa- 
lati  and  the  sphenoid.  It  establishes  a  commu- 
nication between  the  nasal  fossts  and  the  zygo- 
matic fossa. 

Sphenopalatine  Ganglion,  Ganglion  of  3Iec- 
hcl,  Sphenoid' al  G.  (Ch.)  A  small,  nervous,  cor- 
diform,  or  triangular  ganglion,  of  variable  size, 
situate  without  the  foramen  sph«no-palatinum, 
in  the  pterygomaxillary  fissure.  It  seems  sus- 
pended by  several  nervous  filaments  to  the  trunk 
of  the  superior  maxillary  nerve,  and  gives  off 
interval  or  sp'henop)alatine  filaments,  inferior  or 
palatine  filaments,  and  a,  posterior  filament,  which 
is  the  Vidian  ov pterygoid  nerve. 

?^PSE^;oPA'L\TiVE'NEnYES, Lat'eralnasalnerves, 
arise  from  the  ganglion — just  described  —  at  its 
inner  part,  and  enter  the  nasal  fossas  by  the  sphe- 
nopalatine foramen.  They  are  five  or  six  in  num- 
ber, and  distribute  their  filaments  to  the  outer 
ar.d  inner  parietes  of  the  nasal  fossa.  One  of 
the  most  remarkable  branches  is  the  Naso-pa- 
latine. 

SPHEXOPALATINUS,  Levator  palati. 

SPHENOPARI'ETAL,  Spheno -parieta'- 
lis.  That  which  belongs  or  relates  to  the  sphe- 
noid and  parietal  bones. 

Sphenoparietal  Suture  is  formed  by  the  ar- 
ticulation of  the  extremity  of  the  greater  ala  of 
the  sphenoid  with  the  anterior  and  inferior  angle 
of  the  parietal  bone. 

SPHENO-PTERYGO-PALATINUS,  Circum- 
flexus  —  s.  Salpingostaphylinus,  Circumflex  —  s. 
S(tlpinr/o-mallien,  Laxator  tympani. 

SPHEXOSIS,  see  Wedged. 

SPHENOSTAPHYLINUS,  Levator  palati. 

SPHENOTEMP'  ORAL,  Spheno -tenujora' lis. 
That  which  belongs  to  the  sphenoid  and  tempo- 
ral bones. 

Sphenotemporal  Suture  is  the  suture  at  the 
articulation  of  the  great  alfe  of  the  sphenoid  bone 
with  vhe  squamous  portion  of  the  temporal.  Be- 
clard  gives  the  name  sj)henotempioral  to  the  pos- 
terior part  of  the  body  of  the  sphenoid,  which  is 
developed  by  distinct  points  of  ossification. 

SPIIEX,'Wasp. 

SPHINCTER,  Constric'tor,  Musc'ulus  constric- 
t'l'rius,  from  crr/xyj/u,  'I  constrict.'  A  name  given 
t"   several   annular  muscles,  which  constrict  or 
close  certain  uatural  openings. 
66 


Sphincter  Ani,  Annula'ris  Ani.  Many  ana^ 
tomists  have  described  two  sphincter  muscles  of 
the  anus:  —  1.  The  S.  exter'nus,  Asp>idi8'eos,  S. 
ctita'neus,  Coccygio-cutane-spthincter,  Orhrcida'ris 
Recti,  Constric'tor  Ani,  Coccygio-anal,  (Ch.)  It 
is  situate  around  the  anus ;  is  elliptical  from  be- 
fore to  behind ;  flattened,  and  pierced  at  its  mid- 
dle. Its  fibres  describe  concentric  arcs,  which 
are  attached,  behind,  to  the  extremity  of  the  coc- 
cyx, by  a  dense,  areolar  substance;  and  are  con- 
founded, anteriorly,  with  the  bulbo-cavernosi  and 
transversi  perinsei  muscles.  This  muscle  con- 
tracts and  closes  the  anus.  2.  The  inner  or  in- 
ternal Sphincter  Ani,  Sphincter  intestina'lis  of 
Winslow,  is  by  many  anatomists  considered  as 
the  termination  of  the  circular  fibres  of  the  rec- 
tum. It  is  annular,  and  situate  around  the  infe- 
rior extremity  of  the  rectum,  to  the  extent  of 
about  a  finger's  breadth.  It  has  the  same  uses 
as  the  other. 

Sphincter  Gvzje,  Constrictores  pharyngis  — 
s.  Ilei,  Bauhin,  valve  of — s.  Intestinalis,  Sphinc- 
ter ani  internus — s.  Labiorum,  Orbicularis  oris — 
s.  Oculi,  Orbicularis  palpebrarvim  —  s.  Palpebra- 
rum, Orbicularis  palpebrarum — s.  Pylori,  see  Py- 
lorus—  s.  Vaginae,  Constrictores  cunni — s.  Ven- 
triculi.  Pylorus. 

Sphincter  Vesi'c^,  Sphincter  of  the  Madder. 
Some  anatomists  have  given  this  name  to  whitish, 
elastic,  and  circular  fibres,  which  surround  the 
neck  of  the  bladder,  but  do  not  constitute  a  par- 
ticular muscle.  Morgagni  has  given  the  name 
Pseudo-Sphincter  to  the  anterior  fibres  of  the 
levator  ani,  which  pass  beneath  the  neck  of  the 
bladder,  and,  by  their  contraction,  close  that 
opening.     See  Compressor  urethrse. 

SPHONDYLIUM,  Heracleum  spondylium. 

SPHONGUS,  Spongia. 

SPHRAGIDONYCHARGOCOME  '  TA,  from 
c^payif,  'a  seal,'  ovvf,  'the  nail,'  apyo;,  'white.' 
or  perhaps  apyvpos,  '  silver,'  and  ko/<£w,  'I  adorn.' 
A  charlatan  v. ho  adorned  his  fingers  to  the  very 
nails  with  rings.  —  Aristophanes,  Hippocrates. 

SPHYGMA,  Pulse. 

SPHYG'MICA  ARS,  Sp)hygmic  art,  from  u<{,vy- 
fiog,  'the  pulse.'  The  art  of  judging  by  the  pulse, 
in  health  or  disease. 

Sphygmica  Doctrina,  Sphygmologia. 

SPHYGMICUS,  Throbbing. 

SPHYGMOCEPHALIIS,  Crotaphe. 

SPHYGMODES,  Throbbing. 

SPHYGMOLOG"IA,  Sphyg'mica  Doctri'na, 
from  cripvyitog,  '  the  pulse,'  and  Aoyoj,  'a  descrip- 
tion.'    The  doctrine  of  the  pulse. 

SPHYGMOMETER,  Pulsilegium. 

SPHYGMOS,  Pulsation,  Pulse. 

SPHYGMOSCOPIUM,  Pulsilegium. 

SPHYRA,  Malleolus. 

SPHYXIS,  Pulsation. 

SPIC,  Lavendula. 
^SPICA,  Fas'cia  repens,  the  Sjn'ca  bandage,  (F.) 
Fpi.  A  bandage  so  called  in  consequence  of  its 
somewhat  resembling  a  spil-e  of  barley.  The 
turns  of  the  bandage  cross  like  the  letter  V;  — 
each  leaving  a  third  of  the  roller  uncovered.  It 
is  distinguished  into  ascending  and  descending. 
It  may  be  applied  over  various  parts  of  the  body, 
and  in  a  different  manner  in  each  case  ;  thus,  there 
is  the  Spica  seu  Fascia  ingnina'lis,  Spica  ingni- 
na'lis  duplex,  the  spica  for  the  shouldei",  and  an- 
other for  the  thumb. 

Spica,  Lavendula. 

Spica  Alpina,  Valeriana  Celtica  —  s.  Celtiea, 
Valeriana  Celtica — s.  Indica,  Nardus  Indica — s. 
Nardi,  Nardus  Indica. 

SPICEBERRY,  Gaultheria,  Laurus  Benzoin. 

SPICEBUSH,  Laurus  Benzoin. 


SPICES 


805 


SPINAL 


SPICES,  FOUR,  see  Myrtus  pimenta. 

SPICEWOOD,  Laurus  Benzoin. 

SPICILLUM,  SpeciUum. 

SPIDER,  see  Aranete  tela. 

SPIDERWORT,  Liliago,  Tradescantia  Vir- 
ginica. 

SPIGELIA,  S.  Marilandica. 

Spige'lia  Marilan'dica,  AntTiel'mia,  Spige'lia 
Lonic"era,  Loinc"era  Marilan'dica,  Peren'nial 
Wo7->ngrass  or  Indian  Pink,  Caroli'na  Pink,  Star- 
iloom,  Wormroot.  Nat.  Ord.  Gentianese.  Class, 
Pentandria.  Order,  Monogj'nia,  Indigenous.  The 
root — Spigelia  (Ph.  U.  S.) — is  celebrated  as  an 
ani.helmintie,  particularly  in  cases  of  lumbrici. 

It  is,  also,  asserted  to  have  been  found  service- 
able in  remittent  fever.  It  is  a  narcotico-acrid. 
Dose,  gr.  x  to  Jss. 

SPIGNEL,  ^thusa  meum. 

SPIKENARD,  Conyza  squarrosa,  Nardus  In- 
dica  —  s.  American,  Aralia  racemosa  —  s.  Small, 
Aralia  nudicaulis — s.  Tree,  Aralia  spinosa. 

SPILANTHES  ACMELLA,  Spilanthus  ac- 
mella. 

SPILAN'THUS  ACMEL'LA,  S,  cilia'ta  seu 
jiinhria'ta,  Spilan'thes  acmel'la,  Bidens  acmella, 
Aehmella,  Acmella,  A.  Mauritiana,  Verbesi'na 
acmella,  Balm-leaved  Spilanthw.  Family,  Co- 
rymbiferee.  Sex.  Si/st.  Syngenesia  Polygamia 
Eequalis.  This  plant  possesses  a  glutinous,  bitter 
taste,  and  fragrant  smell.  The  herb  and  seed 
are  said  to  be  diuretic  and  emmenagogue.  They 
have  been  used  in  dropsies,  jaundice,  fluor  albus, 
and  calculous  complaints ;  given  in  infusion. 

Spilanthus,  Balm-leaved,  Spilanthus  acmel- 
la —  s.  Ciliata,  S.  acmella  —  s.  Eimbriata,  S.  ac- 
mella. 

Spilanth'us  Olera'ceuS,  Spear-leaved  Spi- 
lanthus, (F.)  Cresson  de  Para.  A  tincture  of  the 
plant  has  been  recommended  in  toothach. 

SPILI,  see  Neevus. 

SPILOMA,  see  Nsevus. 

SPILOSIS,  Epichrosis  —  s.  Ephelis,  Ephelides 
S.  Poliosis,  Poliosis. 

SPILSBURY'S  ANTISCORBUTIC  DROPS. 
An  empirical  preparation,  formed  of  hydrarg. 
oxymur.,  rad.  gentian.,  cort.  aurant.  sice,  aa  ^ij ; 
antimon.  crud.,  santal.  rubr.  aa  ^j  >  spiritus  vini 
recti/.,  aqua,  aa  ^viij. 

SPINA,  'a  thorn  j'  Spine,  (F.)  Epine.  A  pro- 
cess on  the  surface  of  a  bone,  which  has  been 
compared  to  the  spines  or  thorns  on  certain  vege- 
tables. The  chief  processes  of  this  name  are : — 
the  nasal  spine,  the  spine  of  the  scapula,  the  spine 
of  the  ischium,  the  foitr  iliac  sjyines,  the  palatine 
spine,  the  maxillary,  the  sp)henoid,  Ac.  The  spine 
of  the  back  is  the  collection  of  vertebrae  constitu- 
ting the  vertebral  column. 

Spina,  Penis  —  s.  Acida,  Oxycantha  Galeni  — 
s.  ^gyptiaca,  see  Acacise  gummi  —  s.  Alba, 
Carduus  marianus,  Mespilus  oxycantha,  Ono- 
pordum  acanthium  —  s.  Bifida,  Hj'drorachis  — 
8.  Cervina,  Rhamnus  —  s.  Domestiea,  Rhamnus 
— 8.  Dorsi,  Vertebral  column,  see  Nasus — s.  Dorsi 
introrsum  Flexa,  Lordosis  —  s.  Ferrea,  Pin  —  s. 
Helmontii,  Aiguillon — s.  Hirci,  Astragalus  verus 
— s.  Infectoria,  Rhamnus — s.  Nodosa,  Rachitis. 

Spina  Vento'sa,  Spines  ventos'itas,  Tere'do, 
Fungus  Artic'uli,  Ostarthroc' ace.  Tumor  fungo'sus 
artic'uli,  Lu'2}ia  junctn'rcB,  Hyperspon'gia,  Flatus 
spina,  Arthroc' ace,  Pcedarthroc'ace,  White  Swell- 
ing (of  some,)  Sidera'tio  Ossis,  Cancer  Ossis,  Gan- 
grm'na  Ossis,  Exosto'sis.  A  term  of  no  definite 
meaning,  as  is  obvious  from  these  various  words 
having  been  considered  its  synonymes.  By  some, 
it  is  defined  to  be  —  a  disease  of  the  osseous  sys- 
tem, in  which  the  texture  of  the  bone  dilates, 
seeming  to  be  distended  with  air,  and  constitu- 
ting a  variety  of  osteo-sarcoma.     By  others,  it  is 


considered  to  be  a  tumour  arising  from  an  internal 
caries  of  a  bone;  occurring  most  frequently  m  the 
carpus  or  tarsus.  The  term  itself  is  a  translation 
from  the  Arabic  of  Rhazes.  See,  also,  Hydrai'- 
thrus,  and  Mollities  Ossium. 

Spina  Vertebralis,  Vertebral  column. 

SPINACH,  Spinacia. 

SPINACHIA,  Spinacia. 

SPINA'CIA,  Spina'chia,  Spina'cia  olera'cea, 
Spin'age,  Spinach,  (F.)  Ejnnard.  Family,  Atri- 
plieea3.  ;S'ej;.  Syst.  Direcia  Pentandria.  A  plant 
which  resembles  the  cabbage  in  its  dietetic  powers. 
The  leaves  boiled,  with  the  addition  of  oil,  form 
a  good  emollient  cataplasm.  It  has  been  used  in 
phthisical  complaints ;  but  its  medicinal  proper, 
ties,  if  it  have  any,  are  not  now  regarded. 

Spinacia  Olbracea,  Spinacia. 

SPINiB,  Spinous  processes  —  s.  Ventositas 
Spina  ventosa. 

SPINAGE,  Spinacia. 
^SPINAL,   Spina'lis,  Spino'sus,  Spina'tus,  (F.) 
Epiniere,  from  spina,  'the  spine.'     That  which 
relates  to  the  vertebral  column. 

Spinal  Arteries  are  two  in  number,  viz :  1. 
The  posterior  spinal,  Artere  niediane  p>osterieure 
du  liaehis,  (Ch.)  It  arises  from  the  vertebral, 
near  the  corpora  pyramidalia,  and  descends  on 
the  posterior  surface  of  the  spinal  marrow,  dis- 
tributing its  ramifications  to  it.  2.  The  anterior 
spinal  artery,  A.  mediane  anteriewe,  (Ch.,)  is 
larger  than  the  last,  and  arises,  also,  from  tho 
vertebral.  It  descends,  in  a  serpentine  manner, 
upon  the  anterior  surface  of  the  marrow,-  fur- 
nishes ramuseuli  to  it,  and  unites  with  that  of 
the  opposite  side,  opposite  the  foramen  magnum 
occipitis.  A  very  tortuous  branch  arises  from 
this  union,  which  descends  as  far  as  the  inferior 
extremity  of  the  marrow,  to  which  it  sends  nume- 
rous divisions. 

The  term  Spinal  Arteries  ov  Bach inian  Arte- 
ries is  also  given,  in  the  abstract,  to  all  the  arte- 
ries of  the  spinal  marrow  and  vertebral  canal. 
The  same  may  be  said  of  the  veins  and  nerves. 

Spinal  Cord,  Medulla  spinalis. 

Spinal  Foram'ina,  (F.)  2Vous  rachidiens,  in 
the  abstract,  are  the  foramina  formed  by  every 
two  contiguous  vertebras,  through  which  the  spi- 
nal nerves  issue.  See  Vertebral.  The  term  Fo- 
ra'men  Sjnna'le  is  especially  applied,  however, 
to  a  small  foramen,  in  front  of  the  spinous  pro- 
cess of  the  sphenoid  bone,  through  which  the 
middle  artery  of  the  dura  mater  enters  the  cra- 
nium. It  is,  likewise,  called  Foramen  spheno-spii- 
no'sum,  (F.)  Trou  Spheno-epitieux  ou  ^je<ii  rond, 
Trou  epineux. 

Spinal  Irrita'tion,  Bhachialgi'tis,  Bhachial'- 
gia,  Neural'gia  spina'lis,  Notal'gia..  A  modern 
pathological  view,  which  refers  most  nervous  dis- 
eases to  irritation  of  the  spinal  cord.  This  irri- 
tation is  presumed  to  be  indicated  by  tenderness 
on  pressure  over  the  spinous  process  of  one  or 
more  vertebra;,  or  over  the  nerves  proceeding 
from  the  cord  and  distributed  to  the  parts  at  the 
sides  of  the  spine.  Such  tenderness,  however, 
by  no  means  indicates  the  pathological  eonditiou 
in  question,  as  it  is  often  met  with  in  those  en- 
joying perfect  health.  The  treatment  advised  is 
cupping  and  counter-irritation  on  each  side  of 
the  spine,  which  may  be  beneficial  in  such  dis- 
eases, no  matter  what  part  of  the  frame  may  be 
in  a  morbid  state,  by  exciting  a  new  and  revel - 
lent  impression  on  a  very  sensible  portion  of  tho 
cutaneous  surface. 

Spinal  Nerve,  Ac'cessory  of  the  Par  vagnni 
or  8th  pair,  Accessory  nerve  of  Willis,  Spinal  Ac- 
cessory, Spino-cranio-trap)ezien,  Supierior  res'pira- 
tory  N.,  Eleventh  pair  of  ence2'>halic  nerves,  Tra~ 
chelo-doreal  (Ch.),  arises  from  the  medulla  ppU 


SPINALES 


806 


SPIRIT 


nalis,  -witliin  the  vertebral  canal,  between  the  an- 
terior and  posterior  roots  of  the  cervical  nerves 
at  a  greater  or  less  distance  from  the  cranium. 
The  roots  unite  to  form  the  nerve,  which  ascends 
into  the  cranium  through  the  foramen  magnum 
of  the  occipital  bone,  and  issues  by  the  foramen 
laeerum  posterius,  crossing  the  sterno-cleido-mas- 
toideus,  to  which  it  gives  filaments,  and  losing 
itself  entirely  on  the  trapezius  muscle.  The  pneu- 
mogastric  and  spinal  accessory  nerves  together — 
nervus  vagus  cum  aecesso'rio — resemble  the  spinal 
nerves;  the  former,  with  its  ganglion,  being  the 
posterior  root ;  the  latter,  the  anterior. 

Spinal  Nerves,  Vertebral  nerves — s.  Prolon- 
gation, Medulla  spinalis. 

Spinal  System  of  Nerves,  see  Nerves. 

SPINALES  COLLI  MINORES,  Interspinales 
colli  —  s.  et  Transversales  lumborum,  Transver- 
salis  dorsi. 

SPINALIS  CERVICIS,  Semi-spinalis  colli  — 
8.  Colli,  Semi-spinalis  colli. 

Spinalis  Dorsi,  Grand  epineux  du  dos,  Spina- 
lis Dorsi  major.  Winslow  calls  thus  some  fleshy 
fasciculi,  which  are  situate  on  the  lateral  surfaces 
of  the  spinous  processes ;  from  the  third  dorsal 
vertebra  to  the  first  or  second  lumbar;  and  which 
form  part  of  the  transverso-spinalis  of  most  au- 
thors. The  same  anatomist  calls — Spina' lis  Dorsi 
minor,  Petit  ejiineux  du  dos  —  some  small,  fleshy 
fibres,  situate  on  each  side  of  the  interspinal  liga- 
ment. They  are  short,  flat,  and  pass  from  one 
spinous  process  to  the  other.  Like  the  preceding, 
they  form  part  of  the  transverso-spinalis.  All 
these  fleshy  fasciculi  strengthen  the  vertebral 
column. 

SPINATI,  Interspinales  colli. 

SPINATUS,  Spinal. 

SPINDLE  TREE,  Euonymus  Americanus. 

SPINE,  Vertebral  column  —  s.  Curvature  of 
tie,  Gibbositas — s.  Htemal,  Sternum — s.  Neural, 
Spinous  process. 

SPINI-AXOIDO-OCCIPITALIS,  Rectus  ca- 
pitis posticus  major — s.  Axo'ido-tracheli-atloidien, 
Obliquus  inferior  capitis. 

SPINITIS,  Myelitis. 

SPINO-DORSITIS,  Myelitis. 

SPINOLA,  see  Hydrorachis. 

SPINOSUS,  Spinal. 

SPINOUS,  Spino'sus,  (F.)  Epineux.  Having 
the  shape  of  a  spine  or  thorn. 

Spinous  Proc"esses  or  Apoph^yses  of  the 
Ver'tehrcB,  Acan'thcB,  Spinas,  CynoV ophoi,  Neural 
Spines  of  Mr.  Owen,  (F.)  ApopTxyses  epineuses, 
are  situate  at  the  posterior  part  of  each  vertebra, 
and  afford  attachment  to  the  muscles,  whose  office 
it  is  to  extend  the  spine.     See  Vertebra. 

SPIRAC'ULA,  (F.)  Spiracules,  from  spiro,  'I 
breathe.'     Respiratory  pores  of  the  skin. 

SPIR-S  CEREBRI,  Convolutions,  cerebral. 

SPIRiEA  DENUDATA,  S.  ulmaria. 

Spir^'a  Filipen'dula,  Filipendula,  Saxif- 
raga  rubra,  Dropioort,  (F.)  Filip>endule.  Family, 
Rosacea.  Sex.  Syst.  Icosandria  Pentagynia.  The 
root  of  this  plant  is  said  to  possess  astringent  and 
lithontriptic  virtues. 

Spib^a  Tomentosa,  Hardhack,  Red  meadow- 
aweet,  Steepde  hush.  Rosy  hush,  White  leaf.  This 
indigenous  species,  which  is  abundant  in  the 
northern  States  of  the  Union,  is  tonic  and  astrin- 
gent; and  is  usually  administered  either  in  the 
form  of  extract  or  decoction,  {Spiraea  ^ss;  aqua 
Oj.) 

Spir^a  Irifoliata,  Gillenia  trifoliata. 

SpiRjEA  Ulma'ria,  S.  denuda'ta,  Ulmaria,  U. 
pahis'tris,  Regi'na  Prati,  Barha  capra,  ileadow 
Hwcet,  Queen  of  the  Meadows,  Bar'bula  capri'na, 
(F.)  Ulmaire,  Reine  dea  Pris.     The  leaves  have 


been  recommended  as  mild  astringents: — the 
flowers  as  antispasmodics  and  diaphoretics. 

SPIRAMENTA  PULMONUM,  see  Pulmo. 

SPIRAMENTUM  ANIM^,  Pulmo. 

SPIRAMINA  PALPEBRARUM,  Lachrymal 
puncta  —  s.  Pulmonum,  see  Pulmo. 

SPIRATIO,  Respiration. 

SPIRIT,  Spir'itus;  from  spirare,  'to  exhale;' 
(F.)  Esprit,  A  name  given  to  every  liquid  pro- 
duct of  distillation.  Spirits  were  formerly  distin- 
guished into  —  infammable,  acid,  and  alkaline  ; 
and  consequently  a  number  of  substances  were 
crowded  together,  which  often  resembled  each 
other  in  no  other  property  than  in  being  volatile. 
The  term  is  now  confined  to  alcoholic  liquors,  of 
which  the  following  are  the  chief: 

Ay-rack.  Distilled  from  coarse  palm  sugar,- 
named  jaggery,  fermented  with  the  bark  of  the 
Mimosa  lencophlea ;  also  from  rice  and  the  fer- 
mented juice  of  the  Palm  ;  made  in  India.  Ita 
varieties  are  : — 

1.  Mahicah  Arrack.  Made  in  India  from  the 
flowers  of  the  Madhuca  tree,  Bassia  hutyraceo. 

2.  Tuba.  Made  from  palm  wine,  in  the  Phi- 
lippine Islands. 

Araka.  Distilled,  by  the  Tartars,  from  koii- 
mis,  fermented  mares'  milk. 

Araki.    Distilled  from  dates,  by  the  Egyptians. 

Arika.  A  variety  of  koumis,  distilled  from  fer- 
mented mares'  milk,  in  Tartary  and  Iceland. 

Brandy.  Distilled  from  wine,  figs,  peaches,  per- 
simmon, apple,  mulberries,  and  sometimes  other 
fruits,  in  Europe,  Asia,  North  and  South  Ame- 
rica, wherever  wine  is  made.  The  best  brandy 
is  that  of  Cognac;  the  next,  that  of  Bordeaux 
and  Rochelle.     The  varieties  are  — 

1.  Aguardiente,  (S.)  In  Peru,  the  common 
brandy  obtained  from  grapes  is  the  Aguardiente 
de  Pisco,  so  called,  because  shipped  at  the  port 
of  Pisco.  Another  kind,  much  dearer,  and  of 
excellent  flavour,  is  made  from  Muscatel  grapes, 
and  is  called  Aguardiente  de  Italia.  It  is  some- 
times seen  in  the  United  States. 

2.  Lau.     Made  from  rice,  in  Siam. 

3.  Rakia.  Made  in  Dalmatia  from  the  husks 
of  grapes  mixed  with  aromaties. 

4.  Rossolio.  Made  at  Dantzic,  from  a  com- 
pound of  brandy,  rossolis,  and  other  plants. 

6.  Troster.  Made  on  the  Rhine,  from  the 
husks  of  grapes,  fermented  with  barley  and  rye. 

6.  Sekis-kayavodka.  Made  from  the  lees  of 
wine  and  fruit  at  Scio. 

Geneva  Hollands,  [genievre,  French  for  juni- 
per.) Distilled  from  malted  barley  and  rye,  rec- 
tified on  juniper  berries,  in  Holland.  Its  variety 
is  — 

Gin.  Made  in  England,  from  malted  barley, 
rye,  potatoes ;  rectified  with  turpentine. 

Goldwasser.  Distilled  at  Dantzic,  from  wheat, 
barley,  and  rye,  rectified  with  aniseed,  cinnamon, 
and  other  spices. 

Kirschwasser.  Distilled  from  the  Malacheb 
cherry,  in  Switzerland. 

Maraschino.  Distilled  from  the  Macarska 
cherry,  at  Zara,  the  capital  of  Dalmatia. 

Rutn,  (supposed  to  be  derived  from  the  termi- 
nal syllable  of  the  word  sacchariim  :  but  the  abo- 
riginal Americans  call  this  liquor  Rum.)  Dis- 
tilled, in  the  West  Indies  and  South  America,  from 
cane-sugar  and  molasses,  and  in  North  America 
from  maple-sugar.     Its  variety  is  — 

Slatkaia  trava.  Made  in  Kamtschatka,  from 
a  sweet  grass. 

Shoio-choo.  Distilled,  in  China,  from  the  lees 
of  mandarin,  a  Avine  made  from  boiled  rice. 

Whisky,  (supposed  to  be  derived  from  vaque, 
the  first  two  syllables  of  usguebagh,  the  original 
name  in  Ireland.)    Distilled,  in  Scotland  and  Ire- 


SPIRITS 


8or 


SPIRITUS 


land,  from  malted  and  raw  barley,  rye,  oats,  and 
potatoes ;  and  in  the  south  of  France,  from  sloes. 
la  Ireland  it  was  called  buil-ceaun,  or  madness 
i,(  the  head.  The  best  Scotch  whisky  is  Glenlivct, 
the  best  Irish,  jEiinishowen, 

Y-icer-a.  Distilled,  in  the  Sandwich  Islands, 
from  the  root  of  the  Tee-root,  baked,  pounded, 
and  fermented. 

To  these  may  be  added  an  intoxicating  liquor 
made  by  the  AfFghanistans,  from  ewes'  milk ; 
and  that  made  in  Kamtschatka,  from  a  species 
of  mushroom,  named  muehumer. 

Spirit  of  Aniseed,  Spiritus  anisi — s.  Bathing, 
Freeman's,  see  Linimentum  saponis  compos. — 
s.  Bathing,  Jackson's,  see  Linimentum  saponis 
compos. — s.  Bezoardic  of  Bussius,  see  Bussii  spi- 
ritus Bezoarticus — s.  Bone,  Liquor  volatilis  cornu 
cervi — s.  of  Burrhus,  Burrhi  spiritus  matricalis — 
s.  of  Carraway,  Spiritus  carui — s.  of  Ether,  aro- 
matic, Spiritus  setheris  aromaticus  —  s.  Fuming, 
of  Beguin,  Ammonite  sulphuretum  —  s.  Fuming, 
of  Boyle,  Ammonias  sulphuretum  —  s.  of  Harts- 
horn, Liquor  cornu  cervi  —  s.  of  Horseradish, 
compound,  Spiritus  armoracise  eompositus — s.  of 
Lavender,  Spiritus  lavandulse  —  s.  of  Lavender, 
compound,  Spiritus  lavandulse  eompositus — s.  of 
Mindererus,  Liquor  ammonise  acetatis — s.  of  Ni- 
tre, sweet,  Spiritus  aetheris  nitrici  —  s.  of  Nitric 
ether,  Spiritus  aetheris  nitrici — s.  of  Pennyroyal, 
Spiritus  pulegii — s.  of  Peppermint,  Spiritus  men- 
thse  piperitas  —  s.  Proof,  Spiritus  tenuior  —  s.  of 
Salt,  Muriaticum  acidum  —  s.  of  Scurvygrass, 
golden,  see  Spiritus  armoraciae  eompositus — -s.  of 
Spearmint,  Spiritus  menthje  viridis  —  s.  of  Sul- 
phuric ether,  Spiritus  ^theris  sulphurici  —  s.  of 
Sulphuric  ether,  compound,  Spiritus  aetheris  sul- 
phurici eompositus — s.  of  Turpentine,  Oleum  tere- 
binthinse  rectificatum  —  s.  Verdigris,  Aeeticum 
acidum — s.  of  Vitriol,  Sulphuric  acid — s.  of  Wine 
and  camphor,  Spiritus  camphorae. 

SPIRITS,  ANIMAL,  Nervous  fluid. 

SPIRITUOUS,  Alcoholic. 

SPIRITUS,  Breath,  Life,  Respiration,  Spirit 

—  s.  jEthereus  nitrosus,  Spiritus  aetheris  nitrici 

—  s.  ^thereus  vitriolicus,  Spiritus  aetheris  sul- 
phurici. 

SpIR'ITUS    ^THERIS    AROMAT'lCtlS,  j^tliel'  Sul- 

phu'rtcus  cicm  alcoho'le  aromat' icns,  Elix'ir  vi- 
trio'li  dulee,  Sweet  Elix'ir  of  Vit'riol,  Viga'ni's 
Elixir  of  Vitriol,  Aromat'ic  Spirit  of  Ether. 
( (Jinnam.  cort.  contus.  ^'ij-  cardam.  sem.  eontus. 
qIss.  pi'^jeris  longi  fruet.  eont.,  zingih.  rad.  con- 
cis.,  sing.  3j-  spiritus  cBtheris  suljjhuric.  Oj.  Ma- 
cerate, for  14  days,  in  a  stopped  glass  vessel  and 
strain.  Ph.  L.)  It  is  used  as  a  stimulant  in 
nervous  affections.     Dose,  f  ^ss  to  f  Jj. 

Spiritus  ^theeis  Nit'rici,  Sp.  ^Etheris  ni- 
tro'si,  Sp.  nitri  duleis,  Sp.  uEthe'reus  nitro'siis, 
Sweet  Spirit  of  Nitre,  Nitre  drojys,  JEther  nit-ri- 
czis  alcoolisa'tus,  Spirit  of  Nitric  Ether.  (Ni- 
trate of  Potassa,  in  coarse  powder,  Ibij,  Sulphuric 
acid,  Ibiss  ,•  Alcohol,  Oixss ;  Diluted  Alcohol,  Oj  ; 
Carbonate  of  Potassa,  ^j.  Mix  the  nitrate  of 
potassa  and  the  alcohol  in  a  large  glass  retort, 
and  having  gradually  poured  in  the  acid,  digest 
with  a  gentle  heat  for  two  hours ;  then  raise  the 
heat,  and  distil  a  gallon.  To  the  distilled  liquor 
add  the  diluted  alcohol  and  carbonate  of  potassa, 
and  again  distil  a  gallon.  —  Ph.  U.  S.)  It  is  re- 
frigerant, diuretic,  antispasmodic,  and  diaphore- 
tic.     Dose,  gtt.  XXV  to  fg'j.      Specific    gravity, 

Spiritus  jEtheris  Sulphu'rici,  yEther  Sul- 
phuricus  cum  Alcoho'le,  Liquor  jEthe'reus  Sul- 
phuricus,  Spiritui  VitrioU  duleis,  Spiritus  ^the- 
ris  vitriol'ici.  Liquor  Sulphuricus  alcoolisa'tus. 
Spirit  of  Sulphuric  Ether,  {^ther.  sulphuric. 
Ossj    sp.  rec.   Oj.     Mix.     Fk.  L.)      Stimulant, 


diaphoretic,  diuretic,  and  antispasmodic.  Dose, 
f  3ss  to  f  5iij. 

Spiritus  jEtheris  Sulphurici  Compos'itus, 
(Ph.  U.  S.  1842).  Sp>.  aitheris  vitriol'ici  eomposi- 
tus, Spiritus  JE'theris  eompositus  (Ph.  U.  S.  1851), 
Liquor  anod'ynus  Iloffmavni,  Compound  Spirit 
of  Sulphuric  Ether,  Hoffmann's  Anodyne  Liqvor. 
{yEther  Sulphuric.  Oss  ;  Alcohol,  0 j  ;  01.  ^ther. 
fgiij.  Ph.  U.  S.  Ph.  L.)  Mix.  A  stimulant 
and  antispasmodic.     Specific  gravity,  0.81G. 

Spiritus  ^theris  Viteiolici  "Compositus, 
Spiritus  Eetheris  sulphuric,  comp. 

Spiritus  Ammo'ni^e,  Al'lmli  ammoni'acnm 
sinrituo'sum,  Al'cohol  ammonia' turn,  Sp.  salis  ain- 
moni'aci,  Ammoni'aca  alcoholisa'ta.  Liquor  an/- 
mo'nii  vino'sus,  L.  ammonicB  spirituo'sus,  Jjixiv'- 
iuni  aynmoniaca'le  vino'sum,  Spiritus  sails  a»i- 
moni'aci  vino'sus  seu  duleis  seu  didcifica'tv-'i, 
Solu'tio  suhcarhona'tis  ammoni'aci  spirit uo'sv, 
(F.)  Esprit  d'ammoniaque.  (Amnion,  muriat.  in 
pulv.  subtilissim.,  ecffci's,  aa  tt)j  ;  alcohol,  f^xx  : 
aqucB,  i^ix.  The  water  is  employed  to  slake 
the  lime;  the  muriate  of  ammonia  is  then  well 
mixed  with  it,  and  by  means  of  heat,  the  ammo- 
nia is  made  to  pass  into  the  distilled  water  con- 
tained in  a  quart  bottle.  Ph.  U.  S.)  Stimulant 
and  antispasmodic.     Dose,  f^ss  to  f ^j. 

Spiritus  Ammonia  Aromat'icus,  'Alcohol  am- 
monia'turn  aromaticum,  Aromatic  ammonia'ted  Al- 
cohol, Sal  volat'ile  Drops,  S2nritus  salis  volat'ilis 
oleo'sus,  Sp.  volatilis  aromaticus,  Sal  volatile  oleo- 
sum  Sylvii,  Sp.  ammonicB  compos'itus,  Tinctu'ra 
aromatica  ammoniata.  Liquor  oleo'sus  Sylvii, 
Lixiv'ium  ammoniaca'le  aromaticum.  (Ammon. 
muriat.  ^v;  Potass,  carh.  5viij,  cinnam.  cont., 
caryophyll.  cont.aa  ^'j  j  Limon.  cort.  ^iv  ;  alco- 
hol., aqucB  aa,  Ov.  M.  Distil  Ovijss.  Stimulant. 
Dose,  fgss  to  f^j. 

Spiritus  Ammonijs  Compositus,  Spiritus  aro- 
maticus. 

Spiritus  Ammonia  Fce'tidus,  ^S^.  volat'ilin 
foetidus.  Fit  Drops,  Al'cohol  ammonia'tuvi  fceti- 
dum,  Tinctu'ra  asafcetidce  ammoniata.  Fetid  Spirit 
of  Ammonia.  (Sp.  ammonics  Oij,  asafoetidcB  §ij. 
Macerate  for  12  hours,  and  distil  Oiss.  Ph.  X.; 
Stimulant  and  antispasmodic.    Dose,  f,^ss  to  fg'j. 

Spiritus  Ammonia  Succina'tus,  Succinati-d 
Sjiirit  of  Ammonia,  Common  Eau  de  Luce,  Am- 
moni'acum  succina'tum.  Aqua  Lu'eice,  Liquor  ex 
Ammonia  et  Oleo  Suc'cini,  Liquor  ex'citans,  Spi- 
ritus Ammonice  cum  Suc'cino,  Sp.  Salis  Ammoni'- 
aci lactes'cens  seu  lacteus.  (Mastieh.  giij,  sp. 
rect.  f  3ix,  ol.  lavand,  gtt.  xiv,  ol.  succin.  gtt.  iv 
liq.  amnion,  f^x.  Macerate  the  mastieh  in  the 
alcohol,  and  pour  off  the  clear  tincture  :  add  the 
rest  and  shake.  Ph.  L.)  Stimulant  and  anti- 
spasmodic.    Dose,  gtt.  X  to  f  5ss,  or  fgj. 

Spiritus  Animales,  see  Nervous  fluid. 

Spieitus  Ani'si,  Spiritus  Anisi  compos'itus, 
Aqua  anisi  for' tis,  Aqua  Sem'inum  Aniai  comjw- 
sita,  Spirit  of  An'iseed,  (F.)  Esprit  d'anis.  (Anini 
sem.  cont.  Riss,  S2xirit  tenuior.  cong.,  aqua  quod 
satis  sit  ad  prohibendum  empyreuma.  Ph.  L.) 
Carminative.  Dose,  f  gss  to  f  ^ss.  In  the  com- 
pound spirit,  angelica  is  usually  an  ingredient. 

Spiritus  Anthos,  Spiritus  rosmarini. 

Spiritus  ARjiORA'ciiE  Compos'itus,  Sp.  Raph'- 
ani  compositus.  Aqua  ]ia2}hani  eomj^osita,  Com- 
2)ound  S2nrit  of  Horseradish,  (F.)  Es2}rit  de  rui- 
fort  com230se.  (Armorae.  rad.  recent,  conci?,, 
aiirant.  cort.  exsicc,  sing.  Ibj,  myrist.  nuc.  connis. 
5ss,  spirit,  ten.  cong.  aqua:  q.  s.  ad  prohibendum 
empyreuma.  Ph.  L.)  Stimulant  and  antiscor- 
butic. (?)     Dose,  fgj,  to  f giv. 

The  Golden  Spirit  of  Scurvy  grass  —  an  om-- 
pirical  preparation  —  is  formed  by  adding  gavi- 
boye  5^'i'.i.'  to  one  gallon  of  the  sp.  ai'moracim 
compositui. 


SPIKITUS 


808 


SPIRITUS 


Greenou(/h'a  Tincture  for  the  teeth,  is  formed  of 
amygd.  amar.  ^ij,  Ug.  Bresil.,  cassia  bacc.,  aa 
Siv,  irid.  Florent.  ^ij,  coceinell.,  sal.  acetosellcB, 
alum,  aa  5J,  sp.  vin.  rect.  Oij,  sp.  armoracia  comp. 
fgss. 

Spiritus  Beguinis,  Ammonife  sulphuretum — 
S.  Bellidis,  see  Osmitopsis  asteriscoides. 

Spiritds  Camph'or^,  Sp.  camphora'tus,  Sp. 
vino'sHS  camphoratus,  Tinctu'ra  Camphorce,  (Ph. 
U.  S.)  Spirit  of  Wine  and  Camp>hor,  Spirit  of 
Campjhor,  (F.)  Esprit  de  Gamjihre,  Alcool  cccmpJtre, 
Eau  de  Vie  camphree.  {Camphor,  giv,  alcohol. 
Oij.  Dissolve.)  Stimulant,  anodyne  and  discu- 
tient.    Used  only  externally. 

Spiritds  Car'ui,  Sp.  Gari  Carui,  Spirit  of 
Gar'raway,  Aqua  Sem'inum  Garuifortis,  A.  Sem'- 
mum  Garui,  Strong  Garui  Waters,  (F.)  Esprit  de 
Carvi.  ( Garui  sent.  cont.  Ibiss,  sp.  tenuior.  Cong., 
aqucB  q.  s.  Distil  a  gallon.  Fh.  L.)  Carmina- 
tive.    Dose,  fgj  to  f§ss. 

Spiritus  Cinnamo'mi,  Sp.  Lauri  Cinnamomi, 
Spirit  of  Gin'namon,  Aqua  Cinnamomi  fortis. 
Aqua  Ginnam.  spirituo'sa.  Strong  Cinnamon  Wa- 
ter, (F.)  Esprit  de  Cannelle.  {Gort.  cinnam.  Qv, 
«p.  rect.  Oivss.)  Stimulant  and  carminative. 
Dose,  f  5J  to  f^ss. 

Spiritds  Col'chici  Amiionia'tds,  Ammoniated 
Spirit  of  Golchicum.  (Sem.  colchic.  cont.  ^ij,  sp. 
ammon.  aromat.  Oj.  Ph.  L.)  Narcotic,  cathar- 
tic, and  diuretic.  Used  in  gout,  rheumatism,  and 
dropsy.     Dose,  from  gtt.  xxx  to  f^j- 

Spiritus  Coenu  Cervi,  Liquor  C.  C.  —  s.  Fu- 
mans  Begnini,  Ammonise  sulphui-etum — s.  Geni- 
talis, Aura  seminis. 

Spiritds  Jdnip'eri  Compos'itus,  Compound 
Spirit  of  Juniper,  Aqua  Junip'eri  composita,  (F.) 
Esprit  de  genievre  compose.  ( 01.  junip.  Jiss,  01. 
carui,  01.  fcenicul.,  aa  Jx  ;  Alcohol  dibit,  cong. 
Solve.  Ph.  U.S.)  Stimulant  and  diuretic.  Dose, 
f^j  to  f§ss. 

Spiritus  Lauri  Cinnamomi,  Spiritus  cinna- 
momi. 

Spiritus  Lavan'ddl^,  ^S^).  Lavandula  spica, 
Spirit  of  Lav'ender,  Sp.  Lavand.  simpl.,  Laven- 
der Water,  (F.)  Esprit  de  Lavande.  {Lavand. 
recent.  B&ij,  Alcohol,  cong.,  aqua  Oij.  -Distil  a 
gallon.)  Usually  made  by  adding  the  oil  to 
rectified  spirit.     Used  as  a  perfume  chiefly. 

Spiritds  LAVANDULiE  Compos'itds,  Tinctu'ra 
Lavandula  composita.  Red  Hartshorn,  Lavender 
drops.  Compound  Spirit  of  Lavender,  (F.)  Esprit 
de  Lavande  compose.  {Sp.  Lavand.  Oiij,  sp.  ros- 
marin.  Oj,  cinnam.  contus.  §j,  myristic.  cont.  gss. 
caryophyll.  cont.  ^ij,  santaii  cone.  ^iij.  Mace- 
rate for  14  days,  and  filter  through  paper.  Stimu- 
lant.    Dose,  gtt.  xl  to  f^ij. 

Spiritds  Lethalis,  Carbonic  acid — s.  Lum- 
brieorum,  Liquor  volatilis  cornu  cervi. 

Spiritds  Mentha  Piperi't^,  Spirit  of  Pep- 
permint, Aqua  Mentha  piperit'idis  spirituo'sa, 
Sp.  Mentha  piperit'idis  (F.)  Esprit  de  Menthe 
poivree.  {Olei  menth.  pip.  ^vjss,  sp.  rectif. 
Oivss,  aqua,  q.  s.  distil  a  gallon.  Ph.  L.)  Car- 
minative and  stimulant.     Dose,  f^ss  to  fgiij. 

Spiritds  Mentha  Sativ^,  Spiritus  menthse 
viridis. 

Spiritds  Menth>e  Vir'idis,  Spearmint,  Spi- 
ritus mentha  sati'vce.  Aqua  Mentha  vulga'ris 
spirituo'sa,  (F.)  Esprit  de  Menthe  verte.  {Olei 
Menth.  virid.  ^viss,  sp.  rectif.  Oivss,  aq.  q.  s. 
Distil  a  gallon.  Ph.  L.)  Like  the  last  in  pro- 
perties and  dose. 

Spiritus  Millepedabdm,  Liquor  cornu  cervi. 

Spiritus  Mtris'tic^e,  Spiritus  Myristica  Mos- 

clia'ta,   Sp.  Nucis  Moscliata,  Aqua   Nucis  Moh- 

chat(B,   Nutmeg    Water,  Aqua  Kephrit'ica,   (F.) 


Esprit  de  Muscade.  {Myrist.  cont.  ^ij,  Alcohol, 
dil.  cong.,  aqua  Oj.  Distil  a  gallon.)  Cordial 
and  carminative.     Dose,  f  ^j  to  f  Ji"^- 

Spiritus  Myrti  PimentjB,  Spiritus  pimentas 
—  s.  Nitri  acidus.  Nitric  acid  —  s.  Nitri  dulcis, 
Spiritus  setheris  nitrici  —  s.  Nitri  duplex.  Nitric 
acid  —  s.  Nitri  fumans.  Nitric  acid  —  s.  Nitri 
Glauberi,  Nitric  acid — s.  Nitri  simples,  see  Ni- 
tric acid  —  s.  Nitri  vulgaris,  see  Nitric  acid  —  s. 
Nucis  moschatfe,  Spiritus  myristiese  —  s.  Oph- 
thalmicus Mindereri,  Liquor  ammonias  acetatis. 

Spiritus  Pimen'TjE,  Sjd.  Myrti  Pimenta,  Spi- 
ritus Pimento,  Spirit  of  Pimento,  Aqua  Miruh'- 
His.  {01.  Piment.  f.  ^ij,  Alcohol,  dilut.  cong. 
Solve.  Ph.  U.  S.)  Cordial  and  carminative.  Dose, 
f 35  to  f giv. 

Spiritus  Pule'gii,  Spirit  of  Pennyroyal,  Aqua 
Pulegii  spirituo'sa.  Spirituous  Pennyroyal  Water, 
(F.)  Esprit  de  Pouliot.  {Olei  pulegii  Qvij,  sp. 
rect.  Oivss,  aqua,  q.  s.  Distil  a  gallon.  Ph. 
L.)  Same  as  spirit  of  spearmint  in  properties 
and  dose. 

Spiritus  Pyro-aceticus,  Acetone. 
Spiritus  Rectifica'tus,  Sp.  Vini  rectifcatus, 
(Enostag'ma,  CEnela'um,  Pyrve'nus,  Sp.  Viyio'- 
siis  rectificatus,  Al'cohol,  A.  Vini,  Spnrit  of  Wine, 
(F.)  Esprit  de  Vin  rectifie.  Rectified  spirit  is 
much  used  in  Pharmacy  to  dissolve  resinous  and 
other  substances.  It  is  seldom  exhibited  inter- 
nally; although  it  exists  in  the  diluted  state  in 
all  vinous  and  spirituous  liquors.  Externally,  it 
is  employed  as  a  discutient.  —  S.  g.,  according  to 
the  London  Pharmacopoeia,  0.838 ;  according  to 
that  of  Dublin,  0.840  ,•  of  Edinburgh  and  United 
States,  0.835,  (see  Alcohol,)  and  of  Paris,  0.819 
to  0.827. 

Spiritus  Rector,  Aroma — s.  Raphani  eom- 
positus,  Spiritus  arraoracias  compositus. 

Spiritus  Rosmari'ni,  Sp.  Rosmarini  offiei- 
na'lis.  Spirit  of  Rosemary,  Spiritus  Anthos,  Hun- 
gary Water,  (P.)  Esprit  de  Romarin.  {01.  ros- 
marini ^iv,  Alcohol,  cong.  Solve.  Ph.  U.  S.) 
Stimulant.     Dose,  f^j  to  f^iy. 

Spiritus  Salis  Acidus  sen  Fumans,  Muria- 
ticum  acidum  —  s.  Salis  ammoniaci,  Spiritus 
ammonite  —  s.  Salis  ammoniaci  aquosus.  Liquor 
ammoniaj  —  s.  Salis  ammoniaci  lactescens  seu 
lacteus,  Spiritus  ammoniae  succinatus  —  s.  Salis 
ammoniaci  sulphuratus,  AmmoniEe  sulphuretum 
— s.  Salis  Glauberi,  Muriaticum  acidum — s.  Salis 
mariui,  Muriaticum  acidum  —  s.  Salis  marini 
coagulatus,  Potassse  murias  —  s.  Salis  volatilis 
oleosus,  Spiritus  ammonise  aromaticus  —  s.  Sul- 
phurico-aBthereus  camphoratus,  Tinctura  aetherea 
composita  —  s.  Sulphurico-aethereus  martialis, 
Tinctura  seu  Alcohol  sulphurico-aethereus  ferri 

—  s.  Sulphuris,  Sulphurous  acid  —  s.  Sulphuris 
per  campanam,  Sulphurous  acid  —  s.  Sulphuris 
volatilis,  Ammoniee  sulphuretum  —  s.  Sulphuro- 
sus  volatilis,  Sulphurous  acid. 

Spiritds  Tesu'ior,  Alcohol  dilu'tum,  Spiritus 
vino'sus  tenu'ior.  Proof  Spirit  (F.)  Esptrit  de  vin 
delaye.  Generally  made  for  pharmaceutical  pur- 
poses, by  mixing  equal  parts  of  rectified  spirit 
and  Tvater.  S.  g.  Loud.  0.920;  Edinb.  and 
United  States,  0.935.  It  is  emplo^yed  in  the 
same  cases  as  those  in  vphich  the  alcohol  is  used : 

—  chiefl}',  as  a  solvent  of  vegetable  matters,  in 
the  form  of  tinctures, 

Spikttus  Veneris,  Aceticum  acidum  —  s.  Vini 
rectificatus,  Spiritus  rectificatus — s.  Vinosus  cam- 
phoratus, Spiritus  camphoriB — s.  Vinosus  tenuior, 
Spiritus  tenuior  —  s.  Vitalis,  Nervous  fluid  —  ?. 
Vitrioli,  Sulphuric  acid  —  s.  Vitrioli  acidus  Vog- 
leri,  Sulpburieum  acidum  dilutum  —  s.  Vitrioli 
coagulatus  My nsichtijPotnssffi  sulphas — s.  Vitrioli 
dulcis,  Spiritus  letheris  sulphuric!  —  s.  Vitrioli 
phlogisticatus,    Sulphurous    acid  —  s.   Volatilis 


SPIROID  CANAL 


809 


SPLENIC 


aromatlcus,  Spiritus  ammoniEe  aromaticus  —  s. 
Volatilis  foetidus,  Spiritus  ammonise  foetidus. 

SPIROID  CANAL,  Aquaeductus  Fallopii. 

SPIKOM'ETER;  badly  compounded  from 
spiro,  '  I  breathe,'  and  fitrpov,  'a.  measure  :' — pro- 
perly Anapnom'eter,  Pneusom'eter,  Pneumom'eter, 
Pneumatom'eter.  Any  instrument  for  measuring 
the  quantity  of  air  concerned  in  respiration,  and, 
consequently,  the  capacity  of  the  lungs. 

SPIROPTERA  HOMINIS,  see  Worms. 

SPISSANTIA,  Incrassantia. 

SPIT,  Sputum. 

SPIT'AL,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  The 
village  of  Spital  is  situate  on  the  south  side  of 
.the  Tweed,  near  Tweedmouth.  The  springs  there 
contain  chloride  of  calcium,  sulphate  of  soda,  sul- 
phate and  carbonate  of  lime.  They  act  as  saline 
cathartics. 

SPITH'AMA,  Doralis,  A  measure  of  twelve 
fingers'  breadth. 

SPITTING,  Exspuition. 

SPITTLE,  Saliva— s.  Sweet,  see  Salivation. 

SPLANCHNA,  Entrails. 

SPLANCHNECTOP'IA,  Splanchnodias'taais, 
Sitxjts perver' sus  seu  anom'alua  intestino'rum;  from 
CT:\ay)(yov,  '  an  intestine,'  ck,  '  out  of,'  and  ronos, 
'  place.'  Misplacement  or  ectopia  of  the  intes- 
tines. 

SPLANCHNELMINTHA,  Worms. 

SPLANCHNEURYS'MA,  from  aTr^ayxvov,  'an 
intestine,'  and  mpwoj,  '  1  dilate.'  Morbid  dilata- 
tion of  the  intestines. 

SPLANCHNIC,  Splaneh'nicus,  Vis'ceral,  from 
o-^Xayxvov,  'viscus.'  Relating  or  belonging  to  the 
viscera. 

Splanchnic  Cav'ities  are  the  three  great  ca- 
vities of  the  body; — those  of  the  cranium,  chest, 
and  abdomen. 

Splanchnic  Nerves  belong  to  the  great  sym- 
pathetic, and  are  two  in  number  on  each  side. 
They  are  distinguished  into  :  —  1.  The  great 
splanchnic  nerve,  (F.)  Grand  surrenal  (Ch.), 
Its  roots — four  or  five  in  number,  come  from  the 
6th,  7th,  8th,  9th,  and  sometimes  the  10th,  tho- 
racic ganglia.  They  descend  inward?,  on  the 
sides  of  the  vertebral  column,  beneath  the  pleura, 
and  unite  into  a  single  trunk,  which  enters  the 
abdomen  through  a  separation  of  the  fleshy  fibres 
of  the  pillars  of  the  diaphragm ;  passes  behind 
the  stomach,  and  divides  into  several  branches, 
which  pass  into  the  semilunar  ganglion.  2.  The 
lesser  splanchnic  nerve,  Renal  nerve,  (F.)  Splanch- 
nique  accessoire  of  Walther,  Petit  surrenal,  (Ch.,) 
is  composed  of  two  distinct  branches,  proceeding 
from  the  10th  and  11th  thoracic  ganglion,  which 
unite  on  the  12th  dorsal  vertebra  into  a  cord,  that 
pierces  the  diaphragm  singly ;  enters  the  abdo- 
men, and  divides  into  two  branches,  one  of  which 
anastomoses  with  the  greater  splanchnic  nerve, 
whilst  the  other  sends  its  filaments  to  the  renal 
and  solar  plexuses. 

SPLANCH'NICA.  Medicines  adapted  to  dis- 
eases of  the  bowels.  Also,  the  2d  order  of  the 
class  Caliaea  of  Good ;  defined, — diseases  aflfect- 
ing  the  eoUatitious  viscera,  and  characterized  by 
disquiet  or  diseased  action  in  the  organs  auxiliary 
to  the  digestive  process,  without  primary  inflam- 
mation. 

SPLANCHNODIASTASIS,  Splanchnectopia. 

SPLANCHNOD'YNE,  from  cTrXayxvov,  'a  vis- 
cus,'  and  o&uvt],  '  pain.'     Pain  in  the  bowels. 

SPLANCHNOGRAPHIA,  Splanchnography. 

SPLANCHNOG'RAPHY,  Sjilanehnogra'phia, 
from  (77rXa)/;^vov,  '  a  viscus,'  and  \oyog,  '  a  descrip- 
tion.' The  pai't  of  anatomy  which  treats  of  the 
viscera. 


SPLANCHNGLITHI'ASIS,-  from  cr^Uyxvov, 
'  a  viscus,'  and  \tOoi,  '  a  stone.'  The  formation 
of  a  calculous  concretion  in  any  viscus. 

SPLANCHNOL'OGY,  Splanchnolog" ia,  from 
c-aXayxvov,  '  a  viscus,'  and  \oyoi,  '  a  discourse.'  A 
treatise  on  the  viscera: — also,  Splanchnography. 

SPLANCHNOPATHI'A,  from  cnXayxvov,  'a 
viscus,'  and  iraS-oj,  '  sufi'ering.'  A  disease  of  the 
intestines. 

SPLANCHNOSCLERO'SIS,  from  cir'Xayxvov, 
'  a  viscus,'  and  aK\r]pos,  '  hard.'  Induration  of  a 
viscus. 

SPLANCHNOT'OMY,  Splanchnotom '  ia, 
Splanehnot'ome,  from  (nrXayxvov,  '&  viscus,'  and 
Ttjivhi,  '  I  cut.'  Dissection  or  anatomy  of  the 
viscera. 

SPLAYFOOT,  see  Kyllosis. 

SPLEEN,  Lien,  Hepar  sinis'trum  seu  adulte- 
ri'num,  (F.)  Rate.  A  soft,  spongy,  parenchyma- 
tous organ ;  of  a  more  or  less  deep  violet  red, 
situate  deeply  in  the  left  hypoehondrium,  below 
the  diaphragm,  above  the  colon,  between  the  great 
tuberosity  of  the  stomach  and  the  cartilages  of 
the  false  ribs,  and  above  and  anterior  to  the  kid- 
ney. Its  ordinary  length  is  4^  inches  ;  its  thick- 
ness 2-^ ;  and  its  weight  8  ounces.  Its  parench j-ma, 
which  is  bathed  in  blood,  contains  a  multitude  of 
grayish,  soft,  and  semi-transparent  gi-anulations 
—  spilenic  corpuscles  or  Malpighian  bodies  of  the 
spleen.  It  is  covered  by  a  serous  membrane, 
furnished  by  the  peritoneum;  and  by  a  proper 
coat,  of  a  fibrous  nature,  which  is  intimately  united 
with  it,  and  transmits  into  its  interior  delicate, 
solid,  and  very  elastic  prolongations  —  trahecidce. 
At  its  inner  edge  is  a  fissure,  by  which  the 
vessels  and  nerves  enter  the  organ.  The  func 
tions  of  the  spleen  are  unknown.  One  of  the 
latest  opinions  is,  that  it  belongs  to  the  lymphatio 
system ;  and  acts  as  a  diverticulum  to  the  vas- 
cular system. 

Spleen,  Hypochondriasis  •^- s.  Malpighian  bo- 
dies of  the,  see  Spleen — s.  Supernumerarj',  Lien- 
culus. 

SPLEENWORT,  Asplenium,  A.  filix  foemina, 
Asplenium  scolopendrium  —  s.  Bush,  Comptonia 
asplenifolia. 

SPLENAL'GIA,  Neural'gia  lie'nis,  Sple'nica, 
Splenodyn'ia,  from  cirXriv,  'the  spleen,'  and  aXyos, 
'  pain.'     Pain  in  the  spleen. 

Splenalgia  Bengalensis,  see  Cachexia,  sple* 
nic — s.  Phlegmonodea,  Splenitis  —  s.  Subinflam- 
matoria  chronica,  Splenoncus. 

SPLENATROPH'IA,  Atroph'ia  Lie'nis,  from 
(!-!z\riv,  '  spleen,'  and  atrophia,  'atrophy.'  Wasting 
or  atrophy  of  the  spleen. 

SPLENAUXE,  Splenoncus. 

SPLENECTAMA,  Splenoparectama. 

SPLENECTASIS,  Splenoparectama. 

SPLENECTOM'IA,  Splenec'tome,  from  17^7?^, 
'the  spleen,'  «,  'out  of,'  and  repivu),  'I  cut.'  Ex- 
tirpation of  the  spleen. 

SPLENECTOP'IA,  Disloca'tio  lie'nis  seu  sple- 
nis ;  from  o-irXr/v,  'the  spleen,'  and  ikto-kos,  'out 
of  place.'  Dislocation  of  the  spleen.  Not  a  com- 
mon occurrence. 

SPLENEMPHRAX'IS,  Splenophrax'ia,  from 
crr\Tiv,  'the  spleen,'  and  enippaaaoi,  '1  obstruct' 
Obstruction  of  the  spleen. — Vogel.  See  Splenon- 
cus. 

SPLENES.  Hvpochondriasis. 

SPLENET'ICUS;  Sple'-iieus,  Splenit'icus,  Lie- 
no' sus,  (F.)  Ratileux.  That  which  relates  to  the 
spleen  :  one  labouring  under  diseased  spleen.  A 
medicine  adapted  for  diseases  of  the  spleen. 

SPLENIC,  Sple'nicus,  Sple'nius,  from  o-jtXi/v, 
'  the  spleen.'     That  which  relates  to  the  spleeiu 


SPLENICA 


810 


SPONDTLOPAXniA 


Splenic  Artery.  It  arises  from  the  coeliac  ; 
oud  passes  from  right  to  left,  forming  many 
windings  along  the  upper  edge  of  the  pancreas, 
which  lodges  it  in  a  special  groove.  It  reaches 
the  fissure  of  the  spleen,  and  divides  into  several 
hranches  that  enter  the  organ.  In  its  course  it 
furnishes  the  pancreatic,  left  gastro-epiploic,  and 
the  vasa  brevia. 

Splexic  Cachexia,  see  Cachexia  splenica — s. 
Corpuscles,  see  Spleen. 

Splenic  Plexus  is  a  nervous'network,  which 
proceeds  from  the  coeliac  plexus,  and  aeeompa- 
iiies  the  splenic  artery,  sending  secondary  plex- 
uses to  each  division. 

Splexic  Vein  arises  from  the  spleen,  and  ac- 
companies the  splenic  artery ;  proceeding  from 
left  to  right,  to  unite  with  the  superior  mesenteric 
vein,  and  to  form,  with  it,  the  abdominal  vena 
porta.  In  its  course,  it  receives  veins  correspond- 
ing to  the  vasa  hrevia,  the  right  and  left  gastro- 
epiploic, the  duodenal,  pancreatic,  coronaria  ven- 
triculi,  and  inferior  mesenteric  veins. 

SPLENICA,  Splenalgia.  Also,  medicines  which 
affect  the  spleen.  —  Pereira. 

SPLENICUS,  Spleneticus,  Splenic. 

SPLENIOLA,  Compress. 

SPLENIS  TUMOR,  Ague  cake. 

SPLEmSATION;  Splenization. 

SPLENISCUS,  Compress. 

SPLEXITICUS,  Splenic. 

SPLENI'TIS,  from  cn:\r,v,  'the  spleen,'  and 
ilis,  denoting  inflammation.  Inflammation  of  the 
Sjdeen.  Emprea'ma  splenitis,  Infamma'fio  lie'iiis, 
I.  splenis,  SplenaV gia  pMegmono' dea,  (F.)  Inflam- 
mation de  la  Mate.  A  rare  disease,  characterized 
by  local  pain,  swelling,  and  heat,  which  sometimes 
terminates  by  suppuration.  It  must  be  treated 
like  other  inflammations. 

SPLENIUM,  Compress  —  s.  Corporis  Callosi, 
see  Corpus  callosum  —  s.  Crnciatum,  Croix  de 
Malta. 

SPLE'NIUS,  S.  Cajy'itis,  S.  Colli,  (F.)  Cerviao- 
dorso-mnsto'idien  et  durso-trachelien,  Cervico-mas- 
toidien  (Ch.),  Posterior  mastoid  muscle.  So  called 
from  its  resemblance  to  the  spleen  of  certain  ani- 
mals. A  muscle  situate  at  the  posterior  part  of 
the  neck,  and  upper  part  of  the  back.  It  is  much 
broader  above  than  below,  where  it  terminates  in 
a  point.  It  is  attached,  by  its  inner  edge,  to  the 
spinous  processes  of  the  first  five  dorsal  vertebrae; 
to  that  of  the  7th  cervical,  and  to  the  inferior  part 
of  the  posterior  cervical  ligament.  By  its  upper 
extremitj',  it  is  attached  to  the  transverse  pro- 
cesses of  the  first  two  cervical  vertebrae,  to  the 
mastoid  process,  and  to  the  posterior  surface  of 
the  occipital  bone.  Some  have  considered  this 
muscle  to  be  formed  of  two  portions,  which  they 
have  called  Splenius  colli,  and  Splenitis  cap'itis. 
The  splenius  extends  the  head,  inclines  it,  and 
rotates  it.  If  the  splenii  of  each  side  act  together, 
they  extend  the  head. 

SPLENIZA'TION,  Splenizatio,  (P.)  SpUnisa- 
tion,  from  utAjjv,  'the  spleen.'  A  term  applied  to 
the  state  of  the  lung  in  the  first  or  second  stage 
of  pneumonia  in  which  its  tissue  resembles  that 
of  the  spleen.        _ 

SPLENOCE'LE,  ^er'nia  liena'lis,  from  (tttXtiv, 
'the sjjleen,'  anAxriXr),  'a tumour.'  Herniaformed 
by  the  spleen. 

SPLENODYNIA,  Splenalgia. 

SPLENOG'RAPHY,  SplenograpVin,  from 
o-irX/ji',  'the  spleen,'  and  ypatpj],  'a  description.'  A 
description  of  the  spleen. 

SPLENOH^'MIA,  (F.)  Spl^nohemie,  from 
a-Kijv,  'ttic  spleen,'  and  'ai/ia,  'blood.'  Conges- 
tion or  hyperoemia  of  the  spleen,  a  common  phe- 
nomenon in  many  diseases,  especially  in  typhoid 
sad  intermittent  fevers. 


SPLENDID,  Splenoi'des,  Sphno'des,  from 
iT-\riv,  'spleen,'  and  noos,  'resemblance.'  Spleen- 
like.    Having  the  appearance  of  the  spleen. 

SPLENOL'OGY,  Splenolor/'ia,  from  c-rrXriv, 
'the  spleen,'  and  Aoyof,  'a  discourse.'  A  treatise 
on  the  spleen. 

SPLENONCIE,  Splenoncus. 

S'Pli'ET^0'S'C\j'S>,Meyalos2-)l'-'nia,JTypertrop'h.'i'X 
seu  Stipernutrit"io  spilenis  seu  lie'nis,  Intnmescen'- 
tia  seu  Infarc'tris  seu  Physco'nia  lienis,  SplenaV - 
gia  sulinflammato' ria  chron'ica,  Sp>lenemp}irax' is, 
Splenavx'e,  Hypersplenotroph'ia,  Lien  ingenn, 
(F.)  Splenoncie.  Hyjiertrophie  de  la  Rote;  from 
avXrjv,  'the  spleen,'  and  oyKoi,  'a  tumour.'  Tu- 
mefaction of  the  spleen.     See  Ague  cake. 

SPLENOPAEEC'TAMA,  Splenec'tana,  Sple- 
noparec' tasis,  Splenec' tusis,  from  (tttAtji',  'the 
spleen,'  and  TraptKrana,  'excessive  volume.'  Ex- 
cessive enlargement  of  the  spileen. — Ploucquet. 

SPLENOPARECTASIS,  Splenoparectama. 

SPLENOPHRAXIA,  Splenemphraxis. 

SPLENORRHAG"IA,from  cnXnv,  'the  spleen,' 
and  payrj,  'rupture.'    Hemorrhage  from  the  spleen. 

SPLENOSCIR'RHUS,from  aK)<,jv,  'the  spleen,' 
and  c-Kippos,  'hardness.'  Scirrhus  or  cancer  of  the 
spleen. 

SPLENOT'OMT,  Splenotom'ia,  Splenot' owe, 
from  orXr/i/,  'the  spleen,'  and  tcjivu),  'I  cut.'  Dis- 
section of  the  spleen. 

SPLINT,  Teut.  Splinter,  from  splijten, 
'to  split;'  Hastel'la,  Ass'vla,  Asser'culum,  Plag'- 
ula,  Narthex,  Fer'ula,  (F.)  Attelle,  Eelisse.  A 
flexible  and  resisting  lamina  of  wood,  used  in  the 
treatment  of  fractures,  to  keep  the  fragments  in 
apposition,  and  prevent  their  displacement. 
Splints  are  made  of  iron,  wood,  bark  of  trees, 
leather,  gutta  percha,  pasteboard,  &c.  They  are 
generally  padded,  and  are  fixed  by  a  roller  or  by 
tapes,  according  to  circumstances. 

SPLINTER,  (F.)  Esquille.  Same  etymon. 
This  term  is  sometimes  applied  to  a  small  portion 
of  wood,  which  occasionally  enters  the  skin,  and 
gives  occasion  to  much  irritation  until  it  is  re- 
moved,— Acu'leus  lig'neus,  (F.)  Echarde. 

It  is  also  applied  to  fragments  that  separate 
from  a  fractured  or  diseased  bone. 

SPLITROCK,  Heuchera  cortusa. 

SPODIUM  GR^CORUM,  Album  grajcum. 

SPOLIARIUM,  Apodyterium. 

SPO'LIATH'E,  Spoliati'va,  from  npolio,  '  I 
take  away.'  Phlehotom'ia  spoliati'va,  (F.)  Saignee 
spoliative.  Blood-letting,  used  for  the  purpose 
of  diminishing  the  mass  of  blood. 

SPOLIATORIUM,  Apodyterium. 

SPONDTLAL'GIA,  Spondylodijn'ia,  from 
atrov^v'Kog,  'a  vertebra,'  and  a\yos,  'pain.'  Pain 
in  the  vertebrae.  Cacorrhachitis.  See  Vertebral 
Disease. 

SPONDYLARTHRI'TIS,  from  Groviv\o?,  'a 
vertebra,'  apdpov,  'a  joint.'  and  itis,  denoting  in- 
flammation. Gouty  or  rheumatic  inflammation 
of  the  spinal  column. 

SPONDYLARTHROCACE,  Vertebral  disease. 

SPONDYLI.  Vertebrse. 

SPONDYLIS,  Coccyx. 

SPONDYLI'TIS,  Inflamma'tio  ver'tehra,  from 
ciTovSuXos,  and  itis,  denoting  inflammation.  In- 
flammation of  the  vertebrae. 

SPONDYLIUM,  Coccyx,  Heracleum  spondy- 
lium. 

SPONDYLOCACE.  Vertebral  disease. 

SPONDYLODYNIA,  Spondylalgia. 

SPONDYLOPATHI'A,  from  crovMos,  '  s.  ver- 
tebra,' and  naOos,  '  a  disease.'  A  disease  of  the 
vertebral  column. 


SPONDTLOPYOSIS 


811 


SPUTUM 


SPONDYLOPYOSIS,  Vertebral  disease. 
SPOND'YLUS,   a-rrovivXos.     A   vertebra;  and, 
especially,  the  two  large  cervical  vertebrae.  Also, 
the  vertex. 

SPONGE,  BASTARD,  Alcyonium. 
SPONGI.  The  tumefied  glands  of  the  neck. 
SPON'GIA,  Spongos,  Sphongus,  Spongia  offi- 
cinrt'lis,  Spou'gia  Mari'na,  Sponge,  (F.)  Eponge. 
An  organized  marine  substance,  of  the  great  class 
of  Zoophytes,  met  with  in  many  seas,  but  espe- 
cially in  the  Mediterranean  and  Arabian.  It  is 
supple,  elastic,  porous,  and  capable  of  absorbing 
fluids  in  which  it  may  be  placed,  and  of  thus  in- 
creasing in  size.  It  is  employed  in  surgery,  for 
cleansing  or  washing;  for  absorbing  acrid  dis- 
charges from  ulcers ;  suppressing  hemorrhage 
when  the  mouth  of  the  vessel  can  be  compressed 
by  it,  and  for  forming  tents  for  dilating  wounds  ; 
in  which  case,  the  sponge  is  immersed  in  melting 
■wax,  and  cooled  before  being  used.  It  is  then 
called  Prepared  Sponge  or  Sponge  Tent. 

iSpoNGiA  AssA,  S.  Usta — s.  Cynosbati,  Bedegar. 
Spongia  Usta,  S.  Assa,  Qarho  spon'gicB,  Burnt 
Sponge,  contains  cai-bonate  and  phosphate  of  lime, 
carbonate  of  soda,  charcoal,  and  iodine.  It  is 
used  in  bronchocele,  scrofulous  affections,  and 
herpetic  eruptions;  audits  good  effects  seem  to 
be  dependent  upon  iodine.  It  is  made  by  cutting 
sponge  into  pieces,  and  heating  it,  that  any  ex- 
traneous matter  may  be  separated ;  burning  it  in 
a  close  iron  vessel  until  it  becomes  black  and 
friable,  and,  lastly,  rubbing  it  into  very  fine 
powder.  —  Ph.  U.  S. 

SPON'GIA  LAPIS.     A  name  given  to  small 
•friable  stones  found  in  sponge.     They  were  for- 
merl.y  esteemed  lithontriptic. 
SPONGIODES,  Spongoid. 

SPONGIOLE,  Spongiohim  :  from  cnroyyiov,  'a. 
small  sponge.'  The  soft  succulent  extremity  of  the 
fibrils  or  true  roots  of  a  plant,  by  which  it  absorbs 
or  sucks  up  fluid.  Similar  spongioles  have  been 
supposed  to  exist  at  the  terminations  of  the 
absorbents  in  animals. 

SPON'GION.  Ancient  name  of  an  epithem 
made  of  goats'  dung :  and  also  of  a  malagma, 
which  was  considered  capable  of  absorbing  the 
serum  in  dropsies,  like  a  sponge.  —  Paulus,  Gor- 
rsens. 

SPONGIOSUM  (OS),  Ethmoid  bone. 
SPONGIOSUS,  Spongoid. 

SPONGOID,  Spongo'ides,  Spovgio'des,  Spon- 
gio'sus,  from  o-Ti-oyyia,  '  sponge,' and  ti^o?,  'resem- 
blance.' Resembling  sponge.  Of  the  nature  of 
sponge. 

Spongoid  Inflammation,  Hcematodes  fungus. 
Spongoid  Tissue,  (P.)   Tissu  spongo'ide.     An 
adventitious    spongy  tissue,  found  in   cases   of 
rickets.  —  Guerin. 
SPONGOS,  Tonsil. 

SPONSA  SOLIS,  Calendula  officinalis. 
SPONTA'NEOUS,  Sponta'nens,  from  sponfe, 
'  voluntarily.'  That  which  occurs  of  itself,  or 
without  any  manifest  external  cause.  Evacua- 
tions are  termed  spontaneous,  which  are  not  pro- 
duced by  medicine.  Sponta'neous  las'situde  is 
that  which  is  not  the  result  of  fatigue.  Diseases 
are  also  spontaneous  which  supervene  without 
apparent  cause.  Sponta'neous  Aiuvuta'tion  is  the 
separation  of  a  limb  from  the  foetus  in  utero. 

Spontaneous  Evolution,  see  Evolution  —  s. 
Version,  Evolution,  spontaneous. 

SPONTEPARITJS,  Generation,  spontaneous. 
SPOONWOOD,  Kalmia  latifolia,  Tilia. 
SPORAD'IC,  Spor'ades,  Sjyorad'iei,  Morhi  dis- 
per'si,  Morii  sparsi,  from   annpnv,  'to   spread.' 
Diseases  are  so  called  which  supervene  indiffer- 
ently in  every  season  and  situation,  from  acci- 


dental causes,  and  independently  of  any  epidemic 
or  contagious  influence. 

SPORE,  Spor'ule,  Sporum,  Spor'ulum,  from 
oTTTEtpu),  '  I  sow.'  The  reproductive  body  in  cryp- 
togamous  plants,  which  is  analogous  to  the  seeii 
of  phanerogamous  plants. 

SPORID'IUM;  same  etymon.    The  reproduc- 
tive body  in  algaceous  plants,  which  resembles 
the  spore  of  other  plants. 
SPORULE,  Spore. 

SPORUM,  Spore.  i 

SPOTS,  GERMINAL,  see  Molecule. 
Spots,  Red,  (F.)  Taches  rouges,  Ease  spots. 
Small  red  spots  which  appear  in  typhoid  fever, 
from  the  8th  to  the  15th  day  of  the  disease.  They 
are  most  frequently  seen  on  the  loiver  and  middle 
portions  of  the  chest,  and  upper  part  of  the  ab- 
domen. 

Spots,  Rose,  Spots,  red. 

SPRAIN,  corrupted  from  strain  :  —  Suhluxa'~ 
tw,  Distor'tio,  Dias'troj)he,  Diastrem'ma,  Luxa'- 
■tio  imper/ec'ta,  Exarthre'ma,  Exarthro'sis,  Strem- 
ma,  Thlasma  Strewma ;  a  wrench,  {¥.}  Eetorse, 
Entorse,  Foulure.  A  violent  straining  or  twisting 
of  the  soft  parts  surrounding  the  joints.  Accor- 
ding to  the  degree  of  the  sprain,  the  fibrous  parts 
of  the  joint  may  be  simply  stretched,  or  they 
may  be  r-uptured.  This  affection,  which  has  been 
regarded  as  incomplete  luxation,  occurs,  particu- 
larly, in  the  ginglymoid  joints  ;  —  as  in  the  foot, 
wrist,  knee,  &c.  The  violence  causes  an  afflux 
of  blood;  the  serum  of  the  blood  is  poured  out, 
and  often  the  blood  itself,  owing  to  the  rupture 
of  vessels  ;  and  inflammation  arises,  which  ends 
in  resolution  or  induration.  Local,  antiphlogistic 
applications  ore  required,  with  perfect  rest ;  and, 
when  the  inflammatory  action  has  subsided,  cold 
pumping  and  friction,  with  the  application  of  a 
plaster  and  bandage,  will  afford  support  till  the 
parts  affected  recover  their  due  tone. 

SPRAT,  YELLOW-BILLED,  Clupea  thryssa. 
SPRUCE  BEER,  White  Spruce  Beer.  A  beer 
made  as  follows  :  To  10  g.allons  of  water,  add  6 
pounds  of  sugar,  and  4  oz.  of  essence  of  spruce. 
Add  yeast,  and  bottle,  when  ready.  It  is  grate- 
ful and  antiscorbutic. 

Spruce  Beer  Powders  may  be  formed  of 
lohite  sugar,  ^j,  and  Qij  >  sodcB  snhcarh.,  gr.  xxvj  ; 
essence  of  sijruce,  gr.  x,  in  each  blue  paper;  and 
acid  of  tartar,  ^ss  in  each  white  paper.  For  half 
a  pint  of  water. 

SPUITIO,  Exspuition. 

SPUMA  ARGENTI,   Plumbi  oxydura    serei- 
vitreum — s.  Cerevisiaj,  Yest — s.  Trium  draconum, 
Antimonium  muriatum. 
SPUMEUX,  Frothy. 
SPUMOSUS,  Frothy. 
SPUNK,  Boletus  igniarius. 
SPUR,   Sax.   fpu)i,  (F.)  .^peron   des  Arteres. 
The  angle  at  which  the  arteries  leave  a  cavity  or 
trunk. 

Spur,  Ergot. 

SPURGE,  CAPER,  Euphorbia  lathyris--s. 
Cypress,  Euphorbia  Cyparissias — s.  Flax,  Dnphno 
gnidium  —  s.  Flowering,  large,  Euphorbia  corol- 
lata — s.  Garden,  Euphorbia  lathyris — s.  Greater, 
Euphorbia  palustris — s.  Ipecacuanha,  Euphorbia 
ipecacuanha — s.  Laurel,  Daphne  laureola  —  s. 
Marsh,  Euphorbia  palustris  —  s.  Olive,  Cneorum 
trieoccum — s.  Olive,  Daphne  mezereum  —  s.  Sea, 
Euphorbia  paralias. 

SPUTA,  PRUNE  JUICE,  see  Prune  Juice. 
SPUTAMEN,  Saliva,  Sputum. 
SPUTAMENTUM,  Saliva,  Sputum. 
SPUTATIO,  Exspuition. 
SPUTATION,  Exspuition. 
SPUTUM,  Plural,  Spyta,  Ap>ochrein'ma,Chrein- 
ma,  Emptys'ma,   Sputa'men,  Pty'elong  Pytia'nn, 


SQUALLING 


812 


STAPHISAIGBE 


Spit,  from  spuere,  sputum,  'to  spit.'  (F.)  OracJiat. 
The  secretions  ejected  from  the  mouth  in  the  act 
of  spitting.  It  is  composed  of  saliva,  and  of  the 
mucus  secreted  by  the  mucous  membrane  of  the 
nasal  fossse  and  fauces,  and  often  by  the  mem- 
brane of  the  larynx  and  bronchia.  The  sputa 
are,  sometimes,  called  eriiginous,  when  of  a  green- 
ish-yellow colour;  gummy,  when  they  resemble 
a  thick  solution  of  gumj  frothy,  (F.)  mousseux, 
when  covered  with  froth  ;  rubiginous,  (F.)  riibi- 
giiieujc  ou  rouilles,  when  of  a  reddish-yellow;  and 
streaked,  (F.)  stries,  when  mixed  with  lines  of 
blood.     Also,  saliva. 

SpuTusr  Crubntum,  Haemoptysis  —  s.  Dulce, 
Saccharorrhoea  pulmonalis — s.  Oris,  Salivation — 
s.  Saccharatum,  Saccharorrhoea  pulmonalis  —  s. 
Sanguinis,  Hasmoptysis. 

SQUALLING,  Vagitus. 

SQUAMA,  Scale,  Table. 

SQUAMiE,  Scaly  diseases. 

SQUAMARIA,  Plumbago  Europaea. 

SQtJAMEUX,  Squamous. 

SQUAMIFORMIS,  Squamous. 

SQUAMOUS,  Squamo'sus,  Lepido'i'des,  Lepi- 
du'des,  Squamifor'mis,  Scaly;  from  squama,  'a 
ecale.'  That  which  relates  to  or  resembles  a  scale. 

Squamous  Portion  of  the  temporal  bone,  (F.) 
Portion  squameuse  ou  ecaillcuse  du  Temporal,  is 
the  upper  part  of  the  temporal,  so  called  from  a 
fancied  resemblance  to  a  scale. 

Squamous  Suture,  Sutu'ra  squamo'sa,  S.  men- 
do'sa  seu  lepidoei'des  seu  lepido'des,  Sutu'ra  cra'- 
nii  squamo'sa,  (F.)  Suture  squameuse  ou  ecail- 
leuse.  The  suture  which  unites  the  squamous 
portion  of  the  temporal  bone  to  the  parietal. 

Certain  scaly  cutaneous  affections  are  also 
Ciilled  squamous,  (F.)  sqtiameux.     See  Scale. 

SQUAP.B  STALK,  Monarda  eoccinea. 

SQUAW-MINT,  Hedeoma. 

SQUAW-ROOT,  Acteea  racemosa,  Caulophyl- 
lum  thalietroides. 

SQUAW-WEED,  Erigeron  Philadelphicum. 

SQUEAMISHNESS,  Fastidium  cibi. 

SQUEAZINESS,  Nausea, 

SQUELETTE,  Skeleton. 

SQUELETTOLOGIE,  Skeletology. 

SQUILL,  Scilla, — s.  Vinegar  of,  Acetum  scillffi. 

SQUILLA,  Scilla. 

SQUINANGIE,  Cynanche,  Cynanche  tonsil- 
aris. 

SQUINANCY,COMMON,Cynanchetonsillaris. 

SQUINANTHIA,  Cynanche. 

SQUINANTHUS,  Juncus  odoratus. 

SQUINE,  Smilax  China. 

SQUINSY,  Cynanche  tonsillaris. 

SQUINT-EYJED,  see  Strabismus. 

SQUINTER,  see  Strabismus. 

SQUINTING,  Strabismus, 

SQUIRRE,  Scirrhus. 

SQUIRREL  CORN,  Dicentra  Canadensis. 

SQUIRROGASTRIE,  Scirrhogastria. 

SQUIRRUS,  Scirrhus. 

SQUIRT,  Syringe. 

STACHELBERG,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Stachelberg  Springs  are  far  down  in  the  valley 
of  the  Linth,  in  Switzerland.  The  waters  are 
sulphureous,  and  are  much  visited  by  gouty  and 
rheumatic  invalids. 

STACHYS  FCETIDA,  Galeopsis, 

STACTE,  Myrrha, 

STADE,  Stage. 

STADIUM,  Period,  Stage. 

Sta'dium  Acmes  seu  Sta'seos.  The  period  of 
the  height  of  a  disease. 

STA'Di0!>r  Annihilatio'nis  seu  Convalescen'- 
TiyE  seu  Reconvalescentijs.  The  period  of 
tficovery  from  disease. 

Stadium  Augmen'ti  seu  Incremen'ti  Morbi. 
The  perlovi  or  stage  of  increase  of  a  disease. 


Stadium  Caloris,  Stage,  (hot)  —  s,  Convales- 
centiffi,  S.  annihilationis. 

Stadidm  Decremen'ti.  The  period  or  stage 
of  decrease  of  a  disease. 

Stadium  Frigoris,  Stage,  (cold)  —  s.  Inere- 
menti  Morbi,  S.  Augment!  morbi — s.  Latentis  Con- 
tagii,  Prodromus  —  s.  Opportunitatis,  Prodromus 
—  s.  Prodromorum,  Prodromus  —  s.  Reconvales- 
centia;,  S.  Annihilationis. 

STAFF,  (D.)  Staf.  An  instrument  of  great 
importance  in  lithotomy, — being  the  director  for 
the  gorget  or  knife.  It  is  made  of  steel ;  and  the 
handle  is  flat  and  rough,  in  order  that  it  may  be 
more  securely  held.  The  groove  is  on  its  convex 
surface. 

STAFF  TREE,  CLIMBING,  Celastrus  scan- 
dens. 

STAFFA,  Stapes. 
STAG'S  PIZZLE,  see  Cervus. 
STAGE,  Sta'dium,  (F.)  Estage,  Mage,  Stade. 
The  period  or  degree  of  a  disease;  especially  the 
period  of  an  intermittent :  —  as  the  cold  stage,  — 
sta'dium  fri'goris — hot  stage,  &o. 
STAGGERWEED,  Delphinium. 
STA'GIUM.     The  sixth  part  of  an  ounce. 
STAGMA,  from  ora^o),  'I  distil;'   Stcdag'ma. 
Any  distilled  liquid  or  liquor. 
Stagma,  Gutta, 

STAGNA'TION,  Stagna'tio,  from  stagnare, 
'to  form  a  pond.'  Accumulation  and  retardation 
of  fluids  in  any  part  of  the  body. 

STAGNUM  CHYLI,  Receptaculum  chyli. 
STAHLIAN.     One  who  follows  the  doctrine 
of  Stahl. 

STAHL'IANISM.      The    doctrine    of    Stahl, 
which   considered  every  vital  action  under  the 
direction  and  presidency  of  the  soul.   See  Animist. 
STALAGMA,  Stagma. 

STALAGMI'TIS  GAMBOGIOI'DES,  S.  Cam- 
ho'gia.  Gamboge  was  long  ascribed  to  this  fancied 
Ceylonese  plant.    It  is  now  known,  that  the  nam^ 
was  given  by  Murray  to  specimens  of  two  distJn** 
trees  of  different  genera.     See  Cambogia. 
STALAGMOS,  Distillation. 
STALTICUS,  Incarnans. 
STAMMERING,  Balbuties— s.  of  the  Finger* 
Cramp,  writers'. 

STAMPING  MILL,  see  Pulverization. 
STANGOS,  Tin. 

STANNI  MURIAS.  Tin,  muriate  of— s.  Oxy 
dull  murias,  Tin,  muriate  of — s.  Pulvis,  see  Tin 
STANNIOLUM,  Tinfoil. 

STANNUM,  Tin  — s.  Cinereum,  Bismuth— 3 
Foliatum,  Tinfoil — s.  Glaciale,  Bismuth — s.  Gra 
nulatum,  see  Tin  —  s.  Indicum,  Zincum. 
STAPEDIEN,  Stapedius. 
STAPE'DIUS,  Stapes,  (F.)  Sfapidren,  Pyra- 
midal-stapedien.  A  muscle  of  the  middle  ear, 
which  draws  the  stapes  obliquely  upwards. 
^STAPES,  Stapha,  Staffa,  'a  stirrup.'  (F.( 
Etrier.  The  innermost  of  the  small  bones  of  tha 
ear,  so  called  because  it  resembles  a  stirrup.  It 
is  situate  horizontally  in  the  cavity  of  the  tympa- 
num. Its  head,  which  is  directed  outwards,  is 
articulated  with  the  os  orbiculare.  Its  base  face:) 
inwards,  and  is  applied  to  the  fenestra  ovali,---, 
which  it  closes  imperfectly,  and  to  the  membrano 
of  which  it  is  united.  Its  branches  are  one  iiute- 
rior,  and  the  other  ^)os<crjor.  They  are  curved  ; 
and  the  space  between  them  is  parabolic.  Su/~ 
geons  have  given  the  name  Stapes  to  a  bandago 
used  in  bleeding  from  the  foot;  which  forms  a 
figure  of  8  around  the  ankles. 
STAPHA,  Stapes. 

STAPHIS,  Delphinium  staphisagria. 
STAPHISAGRIA,  Delphinium  staphisagria. 
STAPHISAIGBE,  Delphinium  staphisagria. 


STAPHTL^MATOMA 


813 


STATURE 


STAPHYL/EMATO'MA,  from  crTa<j,v\v,  'the 
nvula,'  and  hcBmotoma.  A  tumour  formed  by  ef- 
fusion of  blood  beneath  the  mucous  membrane 
of  the  uvula. 

vSTAPHYLAGRA,  Staphylepartes. 

STAPHYLE,  Uvula,  see  Vitis  vinifera, 

STAPHYLEPAR'TES,  from  ara^vXri,  'the 
uvula,'  and  t-rraipi),  'I  lift  up.'  Staph' ylagra.  An 
instrument  for  laying  hold  of,  and  removing  the 
uvula.  —  Paulus. 

STAPHYLINI,  see  Azygos  muscle  —  s.  Medii, 
see  Azygos  muscle. 

STAPHYLINO-PHARYNGEUS,  Palato-pha- 
ryngeus. 
'  STAPHYLINUS  EXTERNUS,  Circumflexus. 

STAPHYLIS,  Nipple. 

STAPHYLITIS,  Uvulitis. 

STAPHYLIUM,  Nipple. 

STAPHYLODIALYSIS,  Cionis,  Staphyloe- 
dema. 

STAPHYLCEDE'MA,  Ancji'na  uvuJa'ris,  Bt/s- 
plia'gia  uvulo'sa,  Hypostaph'j/le,  flypostaphyli'tis, 
Staphylodial'y sis, Prolapsus  seu  Propto' sis  u'vvIcb, 
Octsiis  u'vulcB,  'Hinias,  Hiinanto'mu,  Himanto'sis, 
Staphylon'cns,  Stapliylon'cia,OEde.'ma  u'viil(B,Pro- 
duc'tio  uvtiIcB  d  pitui'ta,  U'i>ula  decid'ua  seu  re- 
laxa'ta,  Oras'pedon.  Relaxation  and  tumefaction 
of  the  uvula,  which,  either  from  inflammation  or 
infiltration,  hangs  down  so  as  to  occasion  difficult 
deglutition,  cough,  &c.  Scarification,  astringent 
gargles,  and,  if  necessary,  excision,  constitute  the 
treatment. 

STAPHYLO'MA,  from  craipvXr!,  'a  grape.' 
ITva'tio,  Myoceph'alon.  3/y'ioceph' ahim,  Parop'sis 
Stnpliylo'ma,  StapJiylo'sis,  Polyrjro'ma.  A  name 
given  to  different  tumours  of  the  anterior  surface 
of  the  globe  of  the  eye. 

Staphyloma  Conicum,  Staphyloma  of  the  cor- 
nea— s.  Pellucidum  conicum,  Staphyloma  of  the 
oornea. 

Staphyloma  of  the  Cornea,  Sugar-loaf  Cor- 
nea, Con'ical  Cornea,  Con'ical  hydrophthal'mia, 
Sta'phylo' ma  con'icum,  S.  pellu'cidum  con'icum, 
Conophtlial'mia,  Prolap'sus  cor'necB,  Ceraton'cvs, 
ffypercerato'sis,  Hypercer' asis,  is  an  uneqvial, 
embossed,  bluish  or  whitish,  round  or  conical 
tumour;  of  variable  size;  formed  by  the  projec- 
tion of  the  transparent  cornea,  which  is  some- 
times extenuated  and  distended,  at  others  thick- 
ened. 

Staphyloma  op  the  Iris  is  the  disease  de- 
scribed by  Scarpa  under  the  name  Procidentia 
Iridis.  It  is  hernia  of  the  iris,  through  an  acci- 
dental opening  of  the  cornea.     Also,  iridauxesis. 

Staphyloma  op  the  Sclbrot'ic  differs  from 
the  last,  in  the  prominence  existing  on  a  part  of 
the  eye  covered  bj'  the  sclerotic,  which  is  much 
thinner. 

Staphyloma  JJy'em,  Iridauxesis. 

STAPHYLOXCIA,  Staphytedema. 

STAPHYLONCUS,  Staphyloedema. 

ST  APHYLOPL  AS '  TIC,  StaphylopJas '  iievs, 
from  (7Tacl>v'Sn,  '  the  uvula,'  and  i:\aoao),  '  I  form.' 
An  epithet  applied  to  the  operation  for  replacing 
the  sofc  palate,  when  it  has  been  lost. 

STAPHYLOR'RAPHY,  Velosynth'esis,  ■  Sta- 
phylorrha'phia,  Kionorrha'phia,  Cionorrhaph.'ia, 
Uranor' rjiaplie,  Uranorrha' johia,  Uraniscorrha' - 
pJiia,  Uraniscoi-'rhaphe,  from.  (TTa(j>vX7],  'the  uvu- 
la,' and  paip-n,  'a  suture.'  The  operation  for  uni- 
ting a  cleft  palate.  It  consists  in  paring  the  edges 
of  the  cleft ;  passing  ligatures  through  them,  and 
bringing  them  together. 

STAPHYLOSIS,  Staphyloma. 


STAPHYLOT'OMY,  Staphylotom'ia,  from  oTa- 
(pvXrjt  'the  uvula,'  and  rofiij,  'incision.'  Amputa- 
tion of  the  uvula. 

STAR-APPLE,  BROAD-LEAVED,  Chryso- 
phyllum  cainito — s.  Blazing,  Aletris  farinosa — s. 
Bloom,  Spigelia  Marilandica  —  s.  Grass,  Aletris 
farinosa,  Hypoxys  erecta  —  s.  Knap-weed,  Cen- 
taurea  calcitrappa — s.  Stroke,  Coup-de-soleil 
—  s.  Wort,  Aletris  farinosa — s.  Wort,  golden, 
Bubonium. 

STARBECK  SPA.  A  chalybeate  spring  at 
Harrogate. 

STARCH,  Amylum—  s.  Blue,  Smalt. 

Starch,  Iodide  op,  lod'idvm  seu  lodm-e'tum 
Am'yli,  Am'ylum  ioda'tiim,  (F.)  lodure  d'Amidon; 
prepared  by  triturating  iodine  and  starch,  is  said 
to  have  the  eutrophic  effects  of  iodine ;  but,  by 
some,  is  esteemed  inert.  Dose,  four  to  six 
grains. 

Starch,  Potato,  see  Solanum  tuberosum  —  s. 
Sugar,  Glucose. 

STARKEY'S  PILLS,  see  Pilulse  ex  helleboro 
et  myrrha. 

STASE,  Stasis. 

STASIS,  orao-tf,  from  oTaw,  '  I  stop,'  (F.)  Stnse. 
This  word  has  nearly  the  same  signification  as 
stagnation.  Stagnation,  however,  sometimes  in- 
cludes a  morbid  condition  of  the  fluids,  —  Stasis 
never. 

Stasis,  Station. 

STATIC.  An  epithet  applied  to  the  physical 
phenomena  presented  by  organized  bodies  in 
contradistinction  to  the  organic  or  vital. 

STAT'ICA  SEPTI  NA'RIUM,  Appen'dix  cv- 
ta'nea  sejM  na'rium.  The  cutaneous  appendage 
to  the  septum  narium. 

STAT'ICE  CAROLINIA'NA  of  the  United 
States,  Amer'icaii  T'hrift,MaTsli  Rose' mary, Marsh 
Root,  Seaside  Thrift,  Inhroot,  Sea  Lavender,  is 
considered  to  be  a  mere  variety  of  the  statice  li- 
monium. 

Stat'ice  Limo'nium,  S.  3Iarit'imum,  Behen  rv- 
li-itm,  Limo'nium,  L.  majns  seu  vxdga're,  Behen,  Sea 
Lav'ender,  Red  Behen,  Behmen  Ackmar,  Marsh 
Rosemary,  Lavender  Thrift,  (F.)  Behen  rouge. 
Family,  Plumbaginea.  Sex.  Syst.  Pentandria 
Pentagynia,  The  roots  have  been  esteemed  as- 
tringent, tonic,  and  eminently  antiseptic. 

Statice  Maritimum,  S.  limonium — s.  Vulgare, 
S.  limonium. 

STA'TION,  Sta'tio,  Stasis,  Status,  from  stare, 
«to  stand.'     The  act  of  standing. 

STA'TIONARY,  Stationa'rins,  from  stare,  '  to 
stand.'  A  name  given  by  Sydenham  and  StoU 
to  certain  diseases,  which  depend  upon  a  particu- 
lar state  of  the  atmosphere;  and  which  prevail 
in  a  district  for  a  certain  number  of  years,  and 
then  give  waj'  to  others. 

STATIS'TICS,  MEDICAL,  Vital  Statistics, 
Biostat'ics,  (F.)  Statistiqne  medicate.  That  part 
of  medicine  which  relates  to  details  —  medico-sta- 
tistical—  connected  with  the  mortality,  salubrity, 
&c.,  of  different  countries  and  situations. 

It  has,  also,  been  used  in  a  wider  sense  to  sig- 
nify the  same  as  Numerical  method,  (F.)  Methods 
numerique;  which  is  applied  to  the  S3'stemization 
of  medical  facts,  or  to  the  use  of  numbers  in  tho 
investigation  of  disease. 

Statistics,  Vital,  Statistics,  medical. 

STATURE,  Statu'ra,  Meg'ethos,  MagnUn  no 
cor'poris,  from  sto,  statum,  '  I  stand.'  The  height 
of  the  human  figure.  The  following  table  exhibiw 
the  results  of  several  admeasurements,  with  the 
heights  of  some  of  the  monkey  species,  oa  th* 
authority  of  Mi-.  Lawrence. 


STATUS 


814 


STEREOTICA 


STATURE. 
Feet.     In. 


An  Englishman, 


4i 


to 


An  EnglishwomaB,. 


00 
4 


to 


00 


European  male  skeleton, 5         8 

Do.  5         5 

A  Negro  at  the  Lunatic  Hospital,  Liver-  \  r  -i  q^ 

pool, J  "■ 

Another  from  Virginia 5         5J 

Another  from  the  Gold  Coast, 5         8 

Another, 5  00 

Negro  skeleton, 4  11 

Another, 5         7i 

A  Lascar, 5         4 

Tenns  de  Medici, 5  00 

Tyson's  Ch\ml^Anse(S>miaT)•oglod7/tes)     2         2 

Mr.  Ahel's  Orang  Otang, 2         7 

Camper's  I)o.  less  than  30 

Mr.  White's  Monkey, 2        2 

STATUS.  Acme  —  s.  Cruditatis,  Crudity  —  s. 
Erethitieus,  Nervous  diathesis — s.  Gastricus,  Em- 
harras  ffastriqae — s.  Nervosus,  Nervous  diathesis 
■ — s.  Sthenieus,  Sthenia  —  s.  Verminosus,  Ilel- 
minthinsis. 

STAVESACRE,  Delphinium  staphisagria. 
STAXIS,   Apostajc'is.      A  slight  epistaxis  or 
nasal  hemorrhage.  — Hippocrates. 

STEAM-DOCTOR.      A  term   applied   to  one 
who  treats  all  or  most  diseases  by  steam. 
STEAR.  Pinguedo,  Sevum. 
STEARIN,  see  Pinguedo. 
STEARINUM  CETACEUM,  Cetaceum. 
STEARRHCE'A,   Steatorrhce'a,  Stlorrhre'a, 
Seborr}iog"in,    Siiieymatorrhce'a,    Smegnwrrha'a, 
Seha'ceona  Flux,  from  areap,   '  suet,'  and  pzm,   '  I 
flow.'    Augmentation  of  secretion  from  the  seba- 
ceous follicles  of  the  skin. 
STEATITES,  Polysarcia. 

STEATOCE'LE,  from  areap,  'suet,'  and  fcr/X/?, 
'a  tumour.'  A  tumour  formed  by  a  collection  of 
Bteatomatous  matter  in  the  scrotum. 

STEATO'MA,  Tumor  lar'deus,  from  ureap, 
'  suet.'  Seva'tio,  Sleato'sis,  Emphi/'nia  enci/n'tis 
efeaioma.  An  encysted  tumour,  whose  contents 
are  similar  to  fat. 

STEATOP'TGA,  from  crzap,  'fat,'  and  Truy;?, 
'buttocks.'     Bnttoi-^-hump.     Eat  buttocks ;  such 
as  exist  in  the  Hottentot  females. 
STEATORRHEA,  Stearrhosa. 
STEATO'SIS,  Steatoma. 

SteATo'siS  CoTi'DlS, Begenera'ti'ondipo'sa  cordis, 
Cardielhniob'po'sis  and  Card iojni/olipo' sis  (Pior- 
ry),  Futfy  heart.  Unusual  deposition  of  fat  on 
the  heart : — by  some  presumed  to  be  occasionally 
a  true  adipous  degeneration  of  the  substance  of 
the  heart,  which  is  probably  incorrect- 

STEATOZOON  FOLLICULORUM,  Aearus 
Folliculorum. 

STEEL,  Cbulvbs. 

STEEPLE-BUSH,  Spirwa  tomentosa. 
STEEP».'S   OPODELDOCH,    see    Opodeldoch, 
Steer's. 

STEGANOP'ODES,  ^Ttyavoirohi.  Planip'edes. 
They  who  have  flat  feet,  or  are  web-footed,  from 
trrcyaifO',,  'covered,'  and  roi;;,  'foot.' 

STEGNO'SIS,  Steno'sis,  Consfipa'tio,  Stipn'tin, 
Condhrisa'tio,  Ohstruc'tio,  from  crcyvou},  'I  con- 
strict.' Constriction  or  narrowness  of  the  pores 
and  vessels.  Stricture.  Constip.ation.  Suppression 
of  the  evacuations.  See  Arctatio. 
STEGNOTICA,  Astringents. 
bTElROSLS,  Sterilitas. 


STELENGIS,  Stridor  dentiura.  ^ 
STELLA,  Fas'cia  steUa'ta,  (F.)  Ftoile.  A  ban- 
dage, improperly  compared  to  a  star,  because  it 
is  crossed  like  the  letter  X.  This  bandage  is  ap- 
plied upon  one  or  both  shoulders.  In  the  first 
case,  it  is  called  simple /  in  the  second,  double. 
It  was  employed  in  cases  of  fractures  of  the  ster- 
num, clavicle,  and  scapula;  in  luxations  of  the 
humerus,  &c. 

Stella  Terr^e,  Plantaso  coronopus. 
STELLARIA  MEDIA,  Alsine  media— s.  Scil- 
la,  Seilla. 

STELLATA  RUPINA,  Centaurea  calcitrapa, 
STELOCHITIS.  OsteoooUa. 
STENAGMUS,  Suspirium. 
STENAXIS,  Suspirium. 
STENIA,  Sthenia. 
STENICUS.  Active. 
STENOBREGMATE,  see  Cranium. 
STENOCARDIA,  Angina  pectoris,  Cardioste- 
nosis. 

STENOCHO'RIA,  StevocJiori'asis.     Angustia. 
Employed  by  some  for  contraction  of  the  vagina. 
Stenochoria  Intestini  PiEcti.  Stricture  of  the 
rectum  —  s.  (Esophagi,  Dysphagia  constricta. 

STENOMYCTE'RIA,  from  arcvoi,  'narrow,' 
and  jjvKTnp,  'nose.'  Contraction  of  the  nahal 
passages. 

STENOSIS,  Stegnosis. 
STENOSTEGNOSIS,  Stenostenosis. 
STENOSTENO'SIS,  Stenostegno'sis,  from  Stc- 
no,  and  (yrEvwo-tj,   'contraction.'      Ohstruc'tio  duc- 
tus Stenonia'na.     Narrowness  or  contraction  of 
the  duct  of  Steno. 

STENOSTOM'IA,  from  artvog,  'narrow,'  and 
cTopa,  'mouth.'     Contraction  of  the  mouth. 

STENOTHORA'CES,  from  crevo;,  'narrow.' 
and  5a)/>a(,  '  the  chest.'  They  who  have  narrow 
chests. 

STENTOROPHO'NUS,  from  SrcrrMp,  Stejitor, 
a  Greek    in    the  army  before   Troy;  and  tpwvrj^ 
'  voice.'     One  who  has  a  strong  voice. 
STEPHANE,  Crown. 

STEPHENS,  MRS.,  REMEDY  FOR  THE 
STONE.  This  consisted  of  lime,  prepared  by 
calcining  the  shells  of  eggs  and  snails,  made  info 
pills  with  soap.  A  decoction  was,  also,  adminis- 
tered, consisting  of  chamomile,  fennel,  parsley, 
and  burdock,  with  a  portion  of  Alicant  soap.  It-a 
virtues  were  dependent  upon  the  lime  and  the 
tonic  properties  of  the  decoction.  Hales,  Hartley. 
Kirkpatrick,  Lobb,  and  others,  wrote  in  favour 
of  this  nostrum  ;  and  it  was  ultimately  bought  by 
the  British  parliament  for  £5000. 
STERA,  Uterus. 

STERCORA'CEOUS,  Stercora'rius,  Diacho- 
ret'icus,  Ster'coral,  from  sterols,  '  dung.'  Fecal, 
Fceccd,  (F.)  Stercoraire,  Stercoral. 

The  French  use  the  term  Fistules  stercorairet 
for  those  which  are  kept  up  by  the  constant  pas- 
sage of  fecal  or  stercora'ceovs  matter.  The  name 
Stercoraires  is  sometimes  given,  in  derision,  U) 
those  physicians  who  are  fond  of  purging  their 
patients  :  d  posteriori  has  been  similarly  used. 
STERCORAIRE,  Stercoraeeous. 
STBRCUS,  Excrement,  Fimus  —  s.  Anscrie, 
Fimus  anseris — s.  Cauinum  album.  Allium  Grae- 
cuni — s.  Diaboli,  Asafoetida — s.  Equinon  castrati, 
Fimus. 

Stercus  Huua'num,  Homerda.  Human  ex- 
crement. 

Stkrchs  Lacert;e,  Crocodilia. 
STEREOCYST'IS,  from    oTtpcog,  'hard,'  and 
KxinTig,  '  cyst.'     A  hard  steatoma. 
STEREOS,  Solid. 
STEREOT'ICA,  from  artpcoi,  '  hard.'    Fortul- 


STERILE 


815 


STETHOMETER 


tons  lesions  or  deformities  affecting  the  hard 
parts.     The  2d  order,  class  Tychica  of  Good. 

STER'ILE,  Ster'ilis,  A'gonos,  Aph'orus,  ApJi- 
w'icus,  AblMt'es,  Infecun'dus,  (F.)  Sterile.  Same 
etymon  as  Sterilitas.  Notprodueingfruit:  infecund. 

"STERILIS,  Sterile. 

STERIL'ITAS,  Agon'ia,  Steiro'sis,  Stiro'sis, 
Agenne'sia,  Agenue'sis,  Infecun'cUtas,  SteriVity, 
Acye'sig,  Bar'renness,  Ltfecun'dity,  Aplio'ria, 
Atcc'iiiu,  Atoc'ia,  from  crsppoi,  or  cTtpto;,  'hard, 
barren.'  Quality  of  that  which  is  barren.  Ste- 
rility may  be  absolute  or  relative.  The  former 
depends  upon  some  vicious  conformation  of  the 
genital  organs,  apparent  or  concealed,  and  occa- 
sionally admits  of  cure.  Sterility  is  relative  when 
a  female  does  not  conceive  with  one  individual, 
but  does  with  another.  Sterility  in  females  is 
often  dependent  upon  a  condition  of  the  uterus 
characterized  by  membranous  menstruation. 

STERNAD,  see  Sternal. 

STERNAL,  Steriia'lis,  from  sternum,  'the 
breast  bone.'  Relating  or  appertaining  to  the 
eternum  or  breast  bone. 

SxEitNAL  Aspect.  The  aspect  of  the  body 
where  the  sternum  is  situate. — Barclay.  Sternad 
is  used  by  the  sam.e  writer  adverbially  to  signify 
towards  the  sternal  aspect. 

STERNALGIA,  Angina  pectoris. 

STERNO-CLAVIC'ULAR,  Sterno-clavicula'- 
ris.  That  which  relates  to  the  sternum  and  clavicle. 

Sterno- CLAVic'uLAR  Articula'tion  is  the 
union  of  the  inner  extremity  of  the  clavicle  with 
a  round  faeette  at  each  side  of  the  superior  ex- 
tremity of  the  sternum.  In  this  articulation 
there  are,  besides  the  inerusting  cartilages,  two 
radiated  sienio-clavicular,  (F.)  Sterno-clavicii- 
lairea  raymxnies  ;  one  anterior,  and  one  posterior 
— an  inter-clameidar  ligament,  extending  between 
the  two  clavicles,  and  two  synovial  capsules,  se- 
parated by  an  inter-articular  Jibro-cai-tilage.  The 
costo-clavicular  ligament  may  also  be  considered 
to  belong  to  this  articulation. 

STEli  NO-  CLA  VIO-  MA  STOW  I  EN,  Sterno- 
deido-mastoideus  —  s.  Cleido-hyoideus,  Sterno- 
hyoideus. 

STERNO-CLEIDO  BRACHIALIS,  Pectoralis 
major. 

STERNO-CLEIDO  -  MASTOIDEUS,  Stemo- 
fRUStoideas,  Oleido-manto'ideita,  Mastoideus,  Mas- 
Undetis  anterior,  Nuta'tor  cap'itis ;  (F.)  Sterno- 
clavio-masto'idien,  Sterno-masto'idien  ;  from  oTEp- 
vov,  '  the  sternum,'  Kktiq,  '  the  clavicle,'  and  fiatj- 
Tos,  'the  mastoid  process.'  A  muscle  situate  at 
the  anterior  and  lateral  part  of  the  neck.  It  is 
long  and  flattened  :  simple,  above  :  and  divided 
into  two  portions  below;  where  it  is  inserted  into 
the  anterior  and  superior  part  of  the  sternum, 
and  the  inner  quarter  of  the  clavicle.  Above,  it 
terminates  at  the  mastoid  process,  which  it  em- 
braces, at  the  neighbouring  part  of  the  temporal 
bone,  and  at  the  outer  third  of  the  upper  curved 
line  of  the  occipital  bone.  It  carries  the  head 
forward ;  inclines,  and  rotates  it  to  one  side. 
When  both  contract^  they  bend  the  head  directly 
forwards. 

STERNO-COSTAL,  Triangularis  sterni  — s. 
Costo-clavio-Iiiuneral,  Pectoralis  major — s.  Dynia, 
see  Somatodynia — s.  Humeral,  Pectoralis  major. 

STERNO-HYOiDEUS,  Sterno-cleido-hyoide- 
t/-9,  Sterno-hyo'ides,  Ilyoides  primus  ;  from  arspvov, 
'the  sternum,'  and  'vouirig,  'the  os  hyoides.'  A 
muscle  situate  at  the  anterior  part  of  the  neck ; 
inserted,  above,  at  the  inferior  edge  of  the  body 
of  the  hyoid  bone;  below,  into  the  upper  part 
of  the  posterior  surface  of  the  sternum  f — at  the 
posterior  part  of  the  sterno-clavicular  articula- 
tion, and  sometimes  into  the  cartilage  of  the  first 
lib.     It  depresses  the  os  hyoides. 


STERNO  -  MASTOlDIEN,  Sterno  -  cleido  - 
mastoideus — s.  Pubien,  Rectus  abdominis. 

STERNO-THYROiDEUS,  Sterno -tJiyroider, 
Bron'ehius.  A  muscle,  situate  at  the  anterior 
part  of  the  neck.  It  is  attached,  above,  to  tha 
oblique  line  seen  on  the  outer  surface  of  the  thy- 
roid cartilage ;  and  terminates,  below,  at  the  up- 
per part  of  the  posterior  surface  of  the  sternum, 
and  the  cartilage  of  the  second  rib.  When  it 
contracts,  it  depresses  the  thyroid  cartilage  and 
OS  hyoides,  by  the  medium  of  the  thyro-hyoid 
membrane. 

STERNODYNIA  SYNCOPALIS,  Angina 
pectoris — s.  Syncoptica  et  Palpitans,  Angina  pec- 
toris. 

STERNO-OMPHALODYMIA,  see  Somato- 
d3'mia. 

STERNUM,  Sternon,  from  orreppoi,  'solid:' 
Pectus,  Os  asser  seu  pec'toris  seu  xiphoides  seu 
gladioli  seu  ensifor'me.  Scutum  cordis,  Brea>it 
Bone,  HcEmal  Spine  of  Owen.  An  azygous  sym- 
metrical bone,  situate  at  the  fore-part  of  the  chei^t. 
It  is  flat:  broad  above  ,•  narrower  in  the  middle  ; 
and  terminates,  below,  by  a  pointed  cartilage — 
the  xiphoid.  It  has  an  anterior  or  cutaneous  sur- 
face, a.  posterior  or  mediastinal  —  a  superior  or 
clavicidar  extremity,  and  an  inferior  or  abdomi- 
nal. It  is  articulated  with  the  clavicles  and  the 
seven  upper  ribs  on  each  side,  by  means  of  their 
cartilages.  According  to  Beclard,  it  is  formed 
of  six  principal  bones,  which  he  names,  from 
their  position,  1.  Primi-sternal  or  clavi-sternai  : 
2.  Duo-sternal:  3.  Tri-sternal :  4.  Quarti-sier- 
nal :  5.  Quinti-sternal :  6.  Ultimi-sternal  or  enai- 
sternal, 

STERNUMENTUM,  Sneezing. 

STERNUTAMENTORIA,  Achillea  ptarmica. 

STERNUTAMENTUM,  Sneezing. 

STERNUTATIO,  Sneezing. 

STERN UT A  TOIRE,  Sternutatory. 

STER'NUTATORY,  Stemutato' rius,  from  ster. 
iiutare,  'to  sneeze.'  Sternutamen'tum,  Errhi'mtm, 
Ptar'micum,  Anarrhi'num,  (P.)  Sternutatoire.  A 
substance  which  provokes  sneezing;  as  tobacco, 
&C.' — See  Errhine. 

STERTEUR,  Stertor. 

STERTOR,  Ronchus  or  Bhonchm,  Rendius, 
Rhencus,  (F.)  Sterteur,  Ronflement,  from  stertcre, 
'  to  snore.'  The  deep  snoring  which  accompanies 
inspiration  in  some  diseases,  particularly  in  apo- 
plexy. Such  respiration  is  said  to  be  ster'ioroua; 
Resjiira'tio  stertno'sa  seu  stertens  seu  sterioro'aa. 

STERTOROUS,  see  Stertor. 

STETH^'MIA,  Hyperm'mia  Piilmo'nvm  sea 
Pec'toris,  Conges' tio  Pulmontim  seu  Pectoris,  (F.) 
Hyperemie  des  Poumons,  Congestion  dea  Poumons. 
Hypersemia  of  the  lungs.  Congestion  or  accu- 
mulation of  blood  in  the  pulmonary  vessels. 

STETHOCATHARSIS,  Expectoration. 

STETHOCHYSIS,  Hydrothorax. 

STETHODESMIS,  Corset. 

STETHODESMIUM,  Corset 

STETHODESMUS,  Corset. 

STETIIO-M'ETER,  from  tyrndog,  'the  chest,' 
and  fiirpov,  'measure.'  An  instrument,  proposed 
by  Dr.  Pvichard  Quain,  for  measuring  the  extent 
of  movement  of  the  walls  of  the  chest,  as  a  means 
of  diagnosis  in  thoracic  diseases.  It  consists  of 
a  flat  case,  not  unlike  a  watch-case,  having  on  its 
upper  surface  a  graduated  dial  and  index,  which 
is  acted  on  by  a  simple  mechanism.  A  silk  cord, 
long  enough  to  surround  onc-balf  the  chesr, 
passes  through  an  aperture  in  the  case.  The  dial 
is  graduated  into  fifty  equal  parts,  each  of  which 
represents  the  l-200th  of  an  inch.  In  using  the 
instrument,  the  dial  is  placed  firmly  against  the 
spine,  and  the  point  of  the  tape  over  the  sternuiK, 
or  at  any  other  spot  according  to  the  part  t-o  b« 


STETHOPARALYSIS 


816 


STIZOLOBIUM 


examinecl.  The  extension  of  the  string,  as  indi- 
cated by  the  dial,  shows  the  amount  of  elasticity 
of  the  parietes  of  the  thorax. 

STETHOPARAL'YSIS,  Paral'ysia  nervo'rnm 
rhora'cis,  pkrenicorum,  &c.;  from  (TTT/dog,  'the 
chest,'  and  ^rapaXvais,  'paralysis.'  Palsy  of  the 
muscles  of  the  chest. 

STETHORPuHEUMA,  Pleurodynia. 
STETH'OSCOPE,  Stethoscoji'ium,  StetJios'co- 
2jn.'in,  Echoscop'ium,  Psopliom'eter,  Thoi-acoscop'- 
iiim,  from  (7ti]%;,  '  the  chest/  and  aKoirtia,  '  I  exa- 
mine.' An  instrument  invented  by  Laennec,  of 
Paris,  for  exploring  the  chest.  The  stethoscope, 
sometimes  called  Pectoriloque,  is  a  cylinder  of 
wood,  from  four  inches  to  a  foot  long;  pierced 
through  and  through  by  a  longitudinal  canal 
about  a  quarter  of  an  inch  in  diameter.  The 
longer  are  generally  composed  of  two  portions, 
that  fit  together  by  means  of  a  screw,  one  of 
■which  is  hollowed  at  the  extremity,  in  the  shape 
of  a  funnel.  These  two  portions  being  screwed 
to  each  other,  the  physician  lays  hold  of  the  in- 
strument, as  he  would  of  a  pea,  puts  the  funnel- 
shaped  extremity  on  the  chest  of  the  patient,  and 
applies  his  ear  to  the  other.  To  explore  the  pul- 
sations of  the  heart,  the  funnel  is  plugged  up  by 
a  piece  of  the  same  kind  of  wood  accurately 
adapted  to  it,  and  pierced  by  a  canal  of  the  same 
width  as  that  in  the  body  of  the  instrument. 
Stethoscopes  are  sometimes  flexible,  like  the 
flexible  ear-trumpet. 

This  mode  of  examining  affections  of  the  chest, 
Stcth' o8copij ,  Stethoscopi'ia,  &c.,  is  what  Laennec 
terms  Auscultation  mediate,  Ilediate  Ausadtation. 

STETHOSCOPIA,  see  Auscultation,  and  Ste- 
thoscope. 

STETHUS,  Thorax. 

STEW,  Stove. 

STHENI'A,  Steni'a,  Diath'esis  sthen'ica,  Sta- 
•>.■«  sthen'ictis,  Via  aucta,  from  (x^tvo;,  '  strength,' 
•power.'  Excess  of  strength;  excitement  of  the 
vrganie  actions.  A  word  used,  especially  by  the 
Brunonians,  as  well  as  Asthenia, — its  antitheton. 
Sthenic  or  dynamic  diseases  are  such  as  depend 
•^pon  excessive  excitement. 

STHEI-TICUS,  Active. 

STHENOPYRA,  Synocha. 

vSTIBI.  Antimonium. 

STIBIALIS,  Antimoninl. 

STIBIATUS  TARTRIS  LIXIVIA,  Antimo- 
3»ium  tartarizatum. 

STIBII  BUTYRUM,  Antimonium  muriatum 

—  s.  Deuto-murias  sublimatus,  Antimonium  mu- 
riatum— s.  et  Potasste  deuto-tartras,  Antimonium 
turtarizatum — s.  Ilydrosulphuretum  rubrum,  An- 
timonii  sulphuretum  rubrum  —  s.  Osidum  acido 
aauriatico  oxygenato  paratum,  Algaroth — s.  Oxi- 
dum  album  mediante  nitro  confectum,  Antimo- 
nium diaphoreticum  —  s.  Oxidum  prsecipitando 
paratum,  Algaroth  —  s.  Oxodes  album,  Antimo- 
■nium  diaphoreticum  —  s.  Oxodes  sulphuretum, 
Antimonii  sulphuretum  prascipitatum  —  s.  Oxydi 
gulphurati  hydro-sulphuretum  luteum,  Antimonii 
sulphuretum  prfccipitatum — s.  Oxydulati  sulphu- 
Vetum,  Antimonii  sulphuretum  praicipitatum  —  s. 
Ox.ydulum  vitreatum,  Antimonii  vitrum — s.  Oxy- 
dum  semivitreum,  Antimonii  vitrum — s.  Oxydum 
Eulphuratum,  Oxydum  stibii  sulphuratum  —  s. 
Bubhydrosulphas,  Antimonii  sulphuretum  rubrum 

—  s.  Submurias  prsecipitando  paratum,  Algaroth 

—  s.  Sulphurati  hydrosulphuretum  rubrum,  An- 
timonii sulphuretum  rubrum  —  s.  Sulphuretum 
nigrum,  Antimonium  —  s.  Vitrum,  Antimonii 
vitniin. 

STIBIOSUM  HYDROSULPHURETUM 
CUM  SULPHURE,  Antimonii  sulphuretum  prae- 
cipitaturc  — s.  Oxidum,  Antimonium  diaphore- 
ticau.- 


STIBIUM,  Antimonium. 

STICHAS  ARABICA,  Lavendula  stcechas. 

STICKWORT,  Agrimony. 

STICTA  PULMONACEA,  Lichen  pulmo- 
narius. 

STIFF  JOINT,  MUSCULAR,  Contractura, 

Stiff  Joints,  Milk  sickness. 

STIFFNECK,  Torticollis. 

STIftMA,  Cicatricula. 

STIGMATA,  see  Necvus.  The  breathing  pores 
of  insects  are  so  called. 

Stig'mata  Ovakio'rtjm,  Cicatri'ces  Ovario'ntm. 
The  cicatrices  left  in  the  ovary  after  the  escape 
of  ova. 

STILBOMA,  Cosmetic. 

STILL,  Alembic. 

STILLA,  Gutta. 

STILLATIO  SANGUINIS  E  NARIBUS, 
Epistaxis. 

STILLICID'IUM,  Suhstil'lum,  from  sliUare, 
'  to  drop.'  This  term  is  often  used  synonymously 
with  Stranr/uri/.  It  means  the  flow  of  any  fluid 
— particularly  the  urine  —  drop  by  drop.  Also  a 
kind  of  embrocation,  Stillicid'ium  supra  partem, 
effected  by  dropping  a  liquid  upon  a  part. 

Stillicidium  Lacrymarum,  Epiphora — s.  Na- 
rium,  Coryza  —  s.  Sanguinis  e  naribus,  Epis- 
taxis —  s.  Supra  partem,  sec  Stillicidium. 

STILLIN'GIA,  S.  sylvat'ica,  Queen's  Root, 
Queen's  delight,  Yaw  root,  Mar'cory,  Cochup  hat. 
An  indigenous  plant,  which  grows  in  pine  bar- 
rens, from  Virginia  to  Florida.  Sex.  Syst.  Mo- 
noecia  Monadelphia.  Nat.  Ord.  Euphorbiaceaj. 
The  root  is  said  to  be  used  in  syphilis,  obstinate 
cutaneous  affections,  &c.,  like  sarsaparilla. 

STIMATO'SIS,  Stijmatosis,  Hcpmorrhay"ia 
Penis,  Stymatorrhag"ia,  PhaJlorrhaf/'ia,  Catdor- 
rhag"ia,  from  cTvjia,  '  priapism,'  itself  from  (ttvciv, 
'to  erect.'  Hemorrhage  from  the  male  organ, 
accompanied  or  not  with  priapism. 

STIMMI,  Antimonium. 

STIM'ULANT,  Stim'vdans,  Ex'citans,  Rcci'- 
tant,  In'vitans,  Incenti'vum,  Irri'tans,  Inci'taut, 
Hypersthen'ie,  from  stivmlare,  'to  goad.'  A  me- 
dicine which  has  the  power  of  exciting  the  orga- 
nic action  of  the  different  systems  of  the  econo- 
my. Some  stimulants  are  diffusible,  —  that  is, 
have  a  prompt  but  temporary  action  ;  others  are 
permanent  or  persistent.  The  action  of  stimu- 
lants is  called  ^Jtimida'tion,  Stimvla't-io,  Incita'lio. 

The  chief  stimulants  are  the  following:  ^ther 
Sulphuricus,  Ammonia,  Asafoetida,  Brucia,  Cam- 
phora,  Capsicum,  Castoreum,  Cinnamomum,  Co- 
paiba, Cubeba,  Guaiacum,  Hydrargyri  Prapa- 
rata,  lodinum,  Nux  Vomica,  Olea  Essentialisi, 
Opium  (in  small  dose),  Piper,  Sinapis,  Strychnia, 
Zingiber,  —  Alcohol,  Caloric,  Electricity,  Mental 
Emotions,  (the  Impetuous.) 

STIM'ULUS, 'a  goad.'  Incitamen'tum,  Irri- 
ta'men,  Irritamen'txim,  Poten'tia  Irri'tans.  Any 
thing  which  excites  the  animal  economy. 

STINK  POKE,Dracontium  foetidum— s.Weed, 
Chenopodium    anthelminticum,    Datura   stramo- 
nium, Polanisia  graveolens. 
STIPATIO,  Stegnosis. 

Stipatio  Trl^;  Ckli.ulo's^  Infaxt'um.     In- 
duration of  the  cellular  tissue  of  children. 
STIROSIS,  Sterilitas. 

STITCH,  same  root  as  stieh,  ^Lr-j-cician,  (G.) 
s  t  e  c  k  e  n,  (F.)  Point,  (L.)  Punctum;  (from  pvn- 
gere,  jmnctuni,  'to  prick  or  sting.')  An  acute  lan- 
cinating pain,  like  that  produced  by  the  puncture 
of  a  sharp  needle. 

Stitch,  Common,  Suture,  common  —  s.  Royal, 
Suture,  common — s.  in  the  Side,  Pleurodynia. 
,      STIZOLOBIUM,  Dolichos  pruriens. 


STLEXGIS 


8ir 


STOMATITIS 


STLEXGIS,  Stridor  dentium. 
STOB^'A  RUBRICAU'LIS.     A  South  Afri- 
can i^lant,  Nat.  Orel,  compositee.     A  tincture  of 
Ihe  bruised  roots  is  diuretic,  and  of  great  service 
In  gravel. 

STOCHEION,  Element. 

STOCKING,  LACED,  (F.)  Bas  lassL  A  ban- 
dage used  by  surgeons,  whicli  consists  of  a  stock- 
ing made  of  firm  cloth  or  dog-skin,  admitting  of 
being  tightly  laced  anteriorly.  It  is  employed  in 
varices  and  ulcers  of  the  legs. 

STCECHAS  ARABICA,  Lavendula  stoeehas. 
STOMA,  Mouth. 

STOMAC'AOE,  Stomatoc'ace,  Stomal'gia,  La- 
brifud'cium,  Cheiloc'ace,  Uloc'ace,  Cheilomala'cia, 
Stomatono'ma,  Stomatonecro' sis,  from  aro^a,  '  the 
mouth,'  and  xaKos,  '  evil :'  Cancer  Oris,  Canker. 
Foetor  of  the  mouth  with  a  bloody  discharge 
fi'om  the  gums.  (F.)  Cancer  aquatique ;  see 
Cancer  Aquations.     Also,  Scurvy. 

Stomacace,  Porphyra  nautica — s.  Gangrseno- 
6um,  Cancer  aquaticus  —  s.  Universale,  Purpura 
hsemorrhagica. 

STOMACAL,  Stomachal. 
STOMACALGIA,  Cardialgia. 
STOMACH,  Stom'achtw,  Ventric'ulus,  Nedys, 
Anocce'lia,  Garter,  (F. )  Estomac,  from  arojia,  'a 
mouch.'  One  of  the  principal  organs  of  diges- 
tion. It  is  a  musculo-membranous  reservoir;  con- 
tinuous, on  the  one  side,  with  the  oesophagus ;  on 
the  other,  with  the  duodenum.  It  is  situate  be- 
neath the  diaphragm,  between  the  liver  and  the 
spleen  ;  and  occupies  the  epigastrium  and  a  part 
of  the  left  hypochondrium.  In  it  the  food  is 
converted  into  chyme.  When  viewed  externally, 
the  stomach  has,  1.  An  anterior  face,  which  looks 
4  little  upwards.  2.  An  inferior  face,  directed 
downwards.  3.  An  inferior  or  colic  margin, 
which  is  conves  and  extensive,  and  is  called  the 
yreater  curvature,  (F.)  Grand  courbnre.  It  gives 
origin  to  the  omentum  majus.  4.  A  superior  or 
diapliraymatic  margin,  which  is  shorter,  con- 
Gave,  and  is  called  the  lesser  curvature,  (F.)  Petit 
eoiirbure.  The  lesser  omentum  is  attached  to 
this.  5.  A  left  or  cesophageal  orifice,  called,  also, 
the  cardia,  Os  ventric'uU  or  upper  orifice.  6.  A 
right  or  intestinal,  or  inferior  orifice,  called  the 
j>ylorus.  7.  A  considerable  dilatation,  situate  to 
the  left  of  the  cardia  and  greater  curvature  — 
the  great  tulierosity  of  the  stomach;  and,  8.  A 
less  extensive  dilatation,  situate  to  the  right  of 
the  greater  curvature,  —  ihe  lesser  tuberosity  or 
lesser  cul-de-sac,  Antrum  Pylo'ri.  The  inner  sur- 
face of  the  stomach  is  of  a  reddish-white  colour, 
and  has  a  marbled  appearance.  It  is  constantly 
covered  by  thick  mucus,  and  is  lined  by  a  mu- 
cous membrane,  which  presents  numerous  wrin- 
kles. The  parietes  of  the  stomach  consist  of 
three  membranes  in  superposition.  The  outer- 
most is  serous,  and  is  an  extension  of  the  perito- 
neum;  the  middle  coat  is  muscula.r,  —  some  of 
its  fibres  running  longitudinally :  others,  trans- 
versely, and  others  obliquely;  the  innermost  mem- 
brane is  of  a  mucous  nature,  Crusfa  villo'sa  ven- 
tric'uU, Gastro-mycod' eris,  but  not  exactly  a  con- 
tinuation of  the  membrane  that  lines  the  oesopha- 
gus. The  mucous  and  muscular  membranes  form, 
at  the  pylorus,  a  valve,  called  the  Pyloric  valve. 
These  three  coats  are  united  by  a  dense,  close, 
areolar  membrane ;  and,  between  the  mucous  and 
muscular  coats,  along  the  two  curvatures  especi- 
ally, is  a  quantity  of  muciparous  glands,  called 
Glands  of  Brnnner.  The  arteries  of  the  stomach 
are  very  numerous,  and  proceed  from  the  coro- 
naria  ventriculi,  the  pyloric,  splenic,  and  right 
and  left  gastro-epiploic.  The  veins  have  the 
same  name,  and  pursue  the  same  course  as  the 
arteries.  They  pour  their  blood  into  the  trunk 
52 


of  the  vena  porta.  Its  lymphatic  vessels  are 
very  numerous,  and  pass  into  ganglia,  situate 
along  the  two  curvatures.  The  nerves  of  the 
stomach  proceed  from  the  pneumogastric,  and 
three  divisions  of  the  coeliac  plexus. 

Stomach  Cell,  see  Favulus  —  s.  Disease,  Li- 
mosis  —  s.  First,  Ingluvies. 

Stomach  Pump,  Gastren'chyta,  Antli'a  gas'- 
trica.  A  useful  instrument  for  conveying  fluids 
to  the  stomach,  when  deglutition  is  impracticable, 
and  for  pumping  out  the  contents  of  that  organ. 
It  consists  of  a  forcing  syringe,  to  the  bottom 
and  nozzle  of  which  flexible  tubes  can  be  at- 
tached. When  the  object  is  to  force  fluids  into 
the  stomach,  the  stomach-tube  must  be  attached 
to  the  nozzle,  and  passed  down  the  throat,  —  the 
tube  connected  with  the  bottom  of  the  syringe 
being  placed  in  the  fluid  to  be  injected.  To 
empty  the  stomach,  the  stomach-tube  must  bo 
attached  to  the  bottom  of  the  instrument.  This 
instrument  has  been  of  great  service  where  poi- 
sons have  been  taken.  The  antidote,  when  any 
exists,  and  is  at  hand,  should  be  administered 
immediately  prior  to  its  use. 

The  stomach  pump  was  first  employed  in 
America  by  Dr.  Physick,  in  the  year  1812. 

Stomach,  Second,  Proventriculus  —  s.  Sick, 
Milk  sickness  —  s.  Third,  Ventriculus  callosus  — 
s.  Tube,  see  Tube,  oesophageal. 

STOM'ACHAL,  Stomach'ic,  Stomach' ical,  Car- 
di'acus.  Stomach' icus,  Stomacha'lis,  Viscera'lis, 
(F.)  Stomacal,  Stomachique.  That  which  belongs 
to  the  stomach;  that  which  is  good  for  the  sto- 
mach ;  which  strengthens  the  stomach,  A  me- 
dicine that  gives  tone  to  the  stomach. 

STOMACHALGIA,  Cardialgia, 

STOMACHI  RESOLUTIO,  Dyspepsia. 

STOMACHIC,  Stomachal. 

STOMACHICAL,  Stomachal. 

STOMACHIQUE  Stomachal. 

STOM'ACHUS,  from  cToyia,  'mouth.'  This 
word  has  been  used  in  several  different  accepta- 
tions ;  for  example,  for  the  oesophagus,  for  the 
cardiac  orifice  of  the  stomach,  (see  Cardia,)  and 
for  the  stomach  itself.  Hippocrates  calls  the  neck 
of  the  bladder  aronaxos  Kvartois;  and  the  neck  of 
the  uterus  ri??  jjtTjTpai  crona^o;. 

STOMAL'GIA,  Stomatal'gia,  Stomatodyn'ia, 
from  nTOfia,  'mouth,'  and  oKyoi,  'pain.'  Pain  in 
the  mouth ;  Stomac'ace. 

STOMAPYRA,  Aphthae  — s.  Aphtha,  Aphthae. 

STOMATALGIA,  Stomalgia. 

STOMAT'IC,  Stomat^icus,  from  crojia,  'mouth.' 
A  medicine  used  in  diseases,  <Sbc.,  of  the  mouth. 
Dentifrices,  masticatories,  &c.,  are  stomatics. 

STOMATITE  APHTHEUSE,  Stomatitis, 
aphthous  —  s.  Charbonneuse,  Cancer  aquaticus  — 
8.  Couenneuse,  Stomatitis,  pseudo-membranous  — 
8.  Cremeuse  pultacee,  AphthcB  —  s.  Eolliculeiiec, 
Stomatitis,  aphthous  —  s.  Gangreneitse,  Cancer 
aquaticus — s.  Mercurielle,  see  Salivation,  mercu- 
rial —  s.  Ulcereuse,  Stomatitis,  aphthous. 

STOMATI'TIS,  from  cTOfxa,  'the  mouth,'  and 
itis,  denoting  inflammation.  (F.)  Inflammation 
de  la  Bouche  ;  Inflammation  of  the  mouth. 

Stomatitis,  Aphthous,  iS*.  follic'ular,  S.  nl'- 
cerous,  Empihly'sis  Aphtha,  A.  Adulto'rum,  (F.) 
Sfomatite,  S.  aphthevse,  S.  folliculeuse,  S.  ul- 
cereuse. An  inflammation  of  the  follicles  of  the 
mouth,  constituting  the  aphtha}  of  the  adult, 
which  is  generally  accompanied  by  cephalic,  gas- 
tric, and  general  disturbance.  It  may  be  either 
deserete  or  confluent,  and  requires  general  and 
local  treatment,  adapted  to  the  case. 

Stomatitis,  Erythem'atous.  Simple  inflam- 
mation of  the  mouth. 


STOMATITIS 


818 


STRANGALIDES 


Stomatitis,  Exsudativa,  Aphthje — s.  Follicu- 
lar, S.  aphthous  —  s.  Gangrenous,  Cancer  aqua- 
ticus. 

Stomatitis,  Mercu'rial,  Hydrargyrostom' - 
atis,  Hydrargyrostomuti'tia,  Stomati'tia  mercuria' - 
lis.  Inflammation  of  the  mouth  induced  by  mer- 
cury. 

Stomatitis  of  Nursing-women  appears  to  be 
a  variety  of  S.  aphthous. 

Stomatitis,  Pseudomem'branous,  (F.)  Stoma- 
tite  couenneitie,  Diphtherite  huccale,  Pseudo- 
membranous inflammation  of  the  mouth  ;  —  in  its 
worst  form,  Stomatyphus,  (F.)  Feyarite.  Inflam- 
mation of  the  mouth  accompanied  by  the  exuda- 
tion of  a  false  membrane,  —  a  disease  which  is 
rarely  seen  except  in  large  foundling  establish- 
ments. 

Stomatitis,  Ulcerous,  S.  aphthous  —  s.  Ve- 
siculosa infantum,  Aphthse. 

STOMATOCACE,  Stomacace. 

STOMATODYNIA,  Stomalgia. 

S TO M A T 0-GAS'T RIG,  Sto'mato-gas'tricus, 
from  (jTOfia, '  the  mouth,'  and  yaarnp,  the  stomach.' 
Appertaining  to  the  mouth  and  stomach, — as  the 
stomato-gastric  ganglia  of  the  lower  animals. 

STOMATOMALACIA  PUTRIDA,  Cancer 
aquations. 

STOMATONECROSIS,  Cancer  aquations,  Sto- 
macace. 

STOMATONOMA,  Stomacace. 

STOMATOPA'NUS,  from  oro^a,  '  the  mouth,' 
and  iravos,  'a  glandular  tumour.'  Stomatopihy' ma 
glandulosum,  Panus  Fau'cixim.  Tumefaction  of 
the  glands  of  the  mouth. 

STOMATOPHY'MA,  from  irro^a,  'the  mouth,' 
and  fvjia,  '  a  swelling.'   A  swelling  in  the  mouth. 

Stomatophyma  Glandulosum,  Stomatopanus. 

STOMATOPLAS'TIC,  Stomatojylas'ticus;  from 
aTona,  '  the  mouth,'  and  xAao-o-u,  '  I  form.  The 
operation  of  forming  a  mouth,  where  the  aperture 
has  been  contracted  from  any  cause. 

STOMATORRHAG"IA,  Stomaforrhoe'a,  Ha- 
morrhag"ia  oris,  H.  fau'cinm,  San'guinis  proflii'- 
vium  ex  Ore,  HcemorrhoV dea  Oris,  Stomato'sis, 
Stomorrhag" ia,  (F.)  Hemorrhagie  huccale,  from 
oTojia,  '  the  mouth,'  and  priyvv^i,  '  I  break  out.' 
Hemorrhage  from  the  mouth. 

Stomatorrhagia  Alveolorum,  Phatnorrha- 
gia — s.  Gingivarum,  Ulorrhagia. 

STOMATORRHCEA,  Stomatorrhagia. 

STOMATOSGOPE,  from  arojia,  '  mouth,' and 
(j-<oT£u,  'I  view.'  Any  instrument  for  keeping 
the  mouth  open,  so  as  to  permit  the  parts  within 
to  be  inspected ;  Speculum  oris. 

STOMATOSEPSIS,  Cancer  aquaticus.  ' 

STOMATOSIS,  Stomatorrhagia. 

STOMATOSPASMUS,  Trismus. 

STOMATYPHUS,  Stomatitis,  pseudomembra- 
nous. 

STOMOMANICON,  Platysma  myoides. 

STOMORRHAGIA,  Stomatorrhagia. 

STONE  IN  THE  BLADDER,  Calculi,  vesical 
• — s.  Binder,  OsteocoUa  —  s.  Crop,  Sedum  —  s. 
Crop,  biting,  Sedum  —  s.  Mint,  Cunila  mariana 
—  s.  Pock,  Acne  —  s.  Root,  Collinsonia  Cana- 
densis. 

STONES,  THE,  Testes. 

STOOL,  Dejectio. 

Stool,  "Calomel,  see  Calomel. 

STORAX,  Styrax  —  s.  Liquida,  Liquidambar 
Btyraciflua. 

STOREY'S  WORM  CAKES.  An  empirical 
preparation,  formed  o{  calomel  "^hjalaj).  Jj,  zin- 
yib.  ^iji  sacch.  ^j,  cinnah.  antlm.  q.  s.  to  colour 
ttiera  ;  syrup,  aimpl.  q.  s.  to  make  into  cakes. 

STORKBILL,  Geranium  maeulatum. 

STOVE,      Old  French   Estuve,   Stupha;   a 


Steio,  JEatiia'rium,  (F.)  Etiive.  A  limited  space, 
warmed  artificially,  and  in  which  the  air  is  slowly 
renewed.  It  is  used  for  drying  various  substances, 
as  plants,  extracts,  conserves,  &c.,  or  for  taking 
vapour  baths.  In  this  case,  the  stew  or  stove  is 
said  to  be  icet  or  humid ;  in  the  opposite  case,  it 
is'said  to  be  dry,  (P.)  seche.  The  latter,  which  is 
used  by  the  Turks,  is  the  Lacon'icum  or  Calida'~ 
rium  of  the  Ptomans.  The  former  is  their  Tepi- 
da'rium  or  Vapora'rium.  These  kinds  of  baths 
greatly  excite  the  cutaneous  transpiration;  and 
are  valuable  agents  in  rheumatic  and  other  afi'ec- 
tions. 

STRABI,  see  Strabismus. 

STRABILISMOS,  Strabismus. 

STRABIS'MUS,  Strabilis'mos,  Paroj^'sia  Stra- 
bismus, from  crpa^os,  'twisted,'  'one  who  squints;' 
Strabos'itas,  Loxophthal' mva,  Diator'aio,  Lus'citas, 
Illo'sis,  Ilo'sis,  Helo'sis,  Squinting,  Goggle  Eye, 
(F.)  Strahisme,  V»e  louche,  Louehement.  Want 
of  concordance  of  the  optic  axes.  It  may  be 
dependent  upon  natural  or  acquired  inequality  in 
the  action  of  the  motor  muscles  of  the  eye ;  on 
a  convulsive  state  of  one  of  those  muscles ;  a 
difference  in  the  sensibility  of  the  two  eyes;  or  a 
cerebral  affection.  In  the  treatment,  if  the  dis- 
ease seem  to  depend  upon  an  excess  of  strength 
in  one  of  the  motor  muscles,  we  must  endeavour 
to  give  tone  to  that  which  is  too  weak,  by  placing 
before  the  eye  a  mask  having  a  small  aperture 
on  the  side  to  which  it  is  necessary  to  direct  the 
pupil ;  or  by  wearing  glasses,  provided  with  a 
piece  of  looking-glass,  on  the  side  to  which  the 
eye  is  vitiously  turned;  so  that  the  reflection 
may  be  inconvenient,  and  occasion  the  organ  to 
be  turned  in  an  opposite  direction ;  or  by  putting 
a  black  patch  on  the  angle  opposite  to  that  to 
which  the  eye  is  turned.  If  owing  to  weakness, 
the  organ  must  be  strengthened  by  being  ex- 
erted alone,  and  by  leaving  the  other  at  rest. 
If  the  disease  be  symptomatic  of  cerebral  attei-- 
tion,  attention  must,  of  course,  be  directed  to  the 
latter. 

Strabismus  may  be  single  or  affect  one  eye  only , 
or  double,  and  it  may  be  convergent  or  divergent. 

Those  affected  with  Strabismus  are  called 
Strabi,  Strabo'nes,  Strabo'ni,  Strebli,  Illi,Squint'- 
ers,  Squint-eyed ;  in  French,  Louches,  Bigles. 

Strabismus,  Convergent,  see  Strabismus  — 
s.  Divergent,  see  Strabismus  —  s.  Double,  see 
Strabismus  —  s.  Single,  see  Strabismus. 

STRABONES,  see  Strabismus. 

STRABONI,  see  Strabismus. 

STRABOSITAS,  Strabismus. 

STRABOT'OMY,  Strabotom'ia,  from  arpafioi, 
'one  who  squints,'  and  ropr;,  'incision.'  The 
operation  for  the  removal  of  squinting  by  the 
division  of  the  muscle  or  muscles  that  distort  the 
eye-ball. 

STRAIN,  Sprain. 

Strain,  colare,  (F.)  conler,  from  crpayyciv, 
stringere,  (F.)  estreindre,  'to  constrict  or  squeeze.' 
To  pass  decoctions,  infusions,  <S;c.,  forcibly  through 
linen ;  also,  to  exert  an  effort.  This  is  accom- 
plished by  fixing  firmly  the  parts  where  the  mus- 
cles to  be  exerted  originate,  in  order  that  their 
full  power  may  be  developed. 

STRAINING,  Nisus. 

STRAITS  OF  THE  PELVIS,  see  Pelvis. 

STIiAJfOLVE,  Datura  stramonium. 

STRAMONIA.  Datura  stramonium. 

STRAMONIUM,  Datura  stramonium— s.  Foe- 
tidum,  Datura  stramonium — s.  Majus  album,  Da- 
tura stramonium —s.  Spinosum,  Datura  stramo- 
nium—  p.  Vul2:atum,  Datura  stramonium. 

STRANG.\L'IDES,  from  (TTpayyvcu),  'I  tor- 
ment.' Small,  hard  tumours,  which  form  in  the 
breast,  when  the  milk  does  not  find  issue. 


STRANGALION 


819 


STROPHULE 


STRANGALION,  Tubercle. 

STRANGALIS,  Tubercle. 

STRANGALISMUS,  Strangulation. 

STRANGERS'  FEVER,  see  Fever,  strangers'. 

STR  A.NGULATIO,  Orthopncea,  Strangulation 
—  s.  Uvsrina,  Angone. 

STRANGULA'TION,  Strangula'tio,  Pnix, 
Pnig'mos,  Strangalis'mus,  ( F.  )  Etranglement, 
Strangulation.  State  of  a  part  too  closely  con- 
stricted. Thus  we  say  that  there  is  strangulation 
of  an  intestinal  hernia,  when  the  opening  that 
gives  passage  to  the  portion  of  protruded  intes- 
tine contracts,  so  as  to  intercept  the  continuity 
of  the  digestive  canal.  In  Legal  Medicine,  it 
means  the  forcible  obstruction  of  the  air  pas- 
sages, by  a  ligature  or  by  the  hand,  for  criminal 
purposes.     See  Suffocation. 

STRANGULATOR,  see  Lycoides. 

STRANGURIA,  Enuresis— s.  Cruenta,  Cystor- 
rhagia. 

STRANGURIE,  Strangury  — s.  Menstrtielle, 
Dysmenorrhoea. 

STRANGU'RIOUS;  same  etymon  as  the  next. 
Affected  with,  or  of  the  nature  of,  strangury. 

STRAN'GURY,  Strangu'ria,  Paru'ria  'stilla- 
ti'tia,  from  arpayytiv,  '  to  squeeze,'  and  ovpov, 
'urine:'  Dysu'ria,  Uri'ncB  Stillicid'ium  vel  Sub- 
stil'luni,  (F.)  Strangurie.  Extreme  difficulty  in 
evacuating  the  urine,  which  issues  only  drop  by 
drop,  and  is  accompanied  with  heat,  pain,  tenes- 
mus at  the  neck  of  the  bladder,  &e.  See  Ischuria, 
and  Retention. 

STRATHPEPFER,  MINERAL  "WATERS 
OF.  A  sulphuretted  water,  at  Strathpeffer,  a  few 
iuiles  west  from  Dingwall,  in  Ross-shire,  Scot- 
land. It  contains  sulphate  of  soda,  sulphate  of 
lime,  chloride  of  sodium,  sulphate  of  magnesia, 
and  sulpho-hydric  acid. 

STRATIOTES,  Achillea  millefolium. 

STRATUM  BACILLATUM,  see  Tunica  Ja- 
cobi  —  s.  Malpighii,  Corpus  mucosum  —  s.  Pig- 
raenti,  see  Choroid  —  s.  Proligerum,  Proligerous 
disc. 

STRAWBERRY,  Fragaria*—  s.  Bush,  Euony- 
mus  Americanus  —  s.  Shrubby,  Rubus  arcticus — 
s.  Tree,  Euonymus  Americanus — s.Wild,  Fragaria 
Virginiana. 

STREAK,  PRIMITIVE,  Groove,  primitive. 

STREATHAM,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Streatham  is  a  village  near  London.  The  waters 
are  saline  and  cathartic. 

STREBLI,  see  Strabismus. 

STREBLOSIS,  Luxation. 

STREMMA,  Luxation,  Sprain. 

STREPITO'SUS  MORBUS.  'Noisy  disease.' 
A  kind  of  flatulent  disease,  said  by  Sorbait  to  be 
not  uncommon  in  the  Austrian  Alps,  in  which 
emphysematous  tumours  form  on  different  parts 
of  the  body,  —  accompanied  by  sonorous  excre- 
tion of  gas  by  the  mouth  and  anus. 

STREPITUS  AURIUM,  Tinnitus  aurium. 

STRETCHING,  Pandiculation. 

STRI^,  Vibices — s.  Ciliares,  Ciliary  processes 
— s.  Cornese,  Tenia  semicircularis — s.  Longitudi- 
nales  Lancisii,  see  Corpus  callosum  —  s.  Medul- 
lares,  see  Processus  teretes  —  s.  Retinas  subjects 
ligamento  ciliari.  Halo  signatus — s.  Semilunares, 
Tajnia  semicircularis — s.  Terminales,  Tasnia  semi- 
circularis— s.  Transversas  Willisii,  see  Corpus  cal- 
losum. 

STRIATED  MUSCULAR  FIBRE,  see  Mus- 
cular fibre. 

STRIATUS,  Gannele,  Grooved,  see  Corpora 
striata. 

STRIBILIGO,  Efflorescence. 

STRICTURA,  Stricture  — s.  Ani,  Stricture  of 
the  rectum -^s.  Intestini  recti.  Stricture  of  the 
rectum  —  s.  Intestini  recti  spasmodica.  Stricture 
of  the  rectum,  spasmodic  —  s.  (Esophagi  callosa. 


Dysphagia  constricta — s.  (Esophagi  spasmodic.i, 
CEsophagismus — s.  Pharyngis  seu  oesophagi  vera, 
Dysphagia  constricta  —  s.  Prseputii,  Phimosis  — 
s.  Urethrse,  Urethrostenosis — s.  Ventriculi,  Stric-  . 
ture  of  the  stomach. 

STRICTURE,  Strietu'ra,  from  stringere,  stria- 
tum, *to  tie  hard.'  Coarcta'tio,  Stegno'sis,  (F.) 
Retrecissement.  A  diminution  or  contracted  con- 
dition of  some  tube  or  duct,  as  the  oesophagus, 
rectum,  urethra,  &c.  This  must  be  dilated  by 
appropriate  bougies.  Strictures  maj',  also,  occur 
in  the  intestines :  they  are  unmanageable,  with 
the  exception  of  those  of  the  rectum,  which  admit 
of  topical  applications. 

Stricture  op  the  ffisoPHAGUS,  Dysphagia 
constricta  —  s.  of  the  Pharynx,  D3'sphagia  con- 
stricta. 

Stricture  of  the  RECTUir,  Spasmod'ic,  Strie- 
tu'ra Intesti'ni  Recti  spasmod'ica,  Ohstruc'tio  Recti, 
spas'tica.  An  affection  occurring  in  the  nervous 
especially,  which  subsides  spontaneously,  after  a 
longer  or  shorter  continuance. 

Stricture  of  the  rectum,  Strietu'ra  Ani  seu  In- 
testi'ni Recti,  Archosiegno'ma,  Rectosteno'sis,  Eu- 
tliyenterosteno'ma,  Archostegno'sis,  Arcliosteno' sis, 
Proctoencli'sis,  Angusta'tio  et  Restric'tio  intestini 
recti  vel  ayii,  Stenocho' ria  intesti'ni  recti,  Procto- 
steno'sis  organ'ica,  occurs  also  organically,  and  is 
a  very  serious  affection ;  being  generally  depend- 
ent upon  scirrhus. 

Stricture  op  the  STOSfACH,  Gctstrosteno'sis, 
Coarcta'tio  seu  Strietu'ra  ventric'uli.  See  Gas- 
trostenosis  eardiaca,  <fec. 

Stricture  op  the  Urethra,  Urethrostenosii/ 
—  s.  of  the  Urinary  bladder,  Cystostenochoria — 
s.  Vesicas  urinarise,  Cystostenochoria. 

STRIDOR  DENTIUM,  Brygmus. 

STRIGA  CARTILAGINOSA  CORDIS,  Isth- 
mus  of  the  fossa  ovalis. 

STRIGIL,  Strig'ilis,  Stlen'gis,  Stelen'gis.  A 
flesh-brush.  Also,  an  instrument,  anciently  used 
in  the  baths,  for  scraping  off  the  sweat. 

STRIPED  MUSCULAR  FIBRE,  see  Muscu- 
lar fibre. 

STROBILITI'TES,  from  cTpo&i.\o;,  stro'hilus, 
'a  cone  of  the  pine.'  Wine  impregnated  with 
the  cones  of  the  pine. 

STROEMIA,  Cadaba. 

STROKE,  APOPLECTIC.  An  apopleetio 
seizure. 

Stroke,  Back,  op  the  Heart,  Impulse,  dia- 
stolic. 

Stroke,  Paralyt'ic.  A  sudden  attack  of  en- 
cephalo-spinal  paralysis. 

STROMA,  Strag'ulum,  Stramen' turn ;  from 
argiavvviji,  cTpuivvvfjn,  'to  spread  out;  to  cover.* 
The  bed  or  foundation-texture  of  an  organ,  —  as 
the  stroma  of  the  ovary.  Applied,  also,  to  the 
bed  or  base  of  any  deposit  —  as  the  'amorphous 
stroma'  of  scrofulous  deposits. 

STROMBULCUS,  Forceps  (bullet.) 

STRONGLE, Strongylus— s.  Geant,  Strongylus 


STRON'GYLUS,  from  (7rpoyy«Xof,  'round.' 
Hippocrates,  Chabert,  and  others,  mean  the  As'- 
caris  lumhricoV des  by  this  term.  The  Strongylus 
Gigas,  (F.)  Strongle,  S.  giant,  is,  however,  dis- 
tinct. It  has  an  obtuse,  flat  head ;  mouth  sur- 
rounded with  six  flattish  papillse:  the  whole  bursa 
of  the  male  truncated :  the  tail  of  the  fernale 
rounded.  It  is  sometimes  met  with, — five  inches, 
a  foot,  a  foot  and  a  half,  and  even  three  feet  long, 
— and  from  two  lines  to  half  an  inch  in  diameter. 
It  is  occasionally  found  in  the  human  kidney  j 
rarely  in  other  viscera,  and  still  more  rarely  in 
the  intestinal  tube. 

Strongylus,  Teres. 

STROPHOS,  Tormina. 

STROPHULE,  Strophulous. 


STROPHULUS 


820 


STRTCHNOS 


STROPH'ULUS,  Licheni'asis  stroph'ulus, 
EhullWio,  Exanthe'ma  strophulus,  Exor' mia 
strophulus,  Red  Gum,  Red  Gown,  Tooth  Rush, 
White  Gum,  Milk-spots,  (F.)  Strophule,  Feux  de 
dents.  It  consists  of  an  eruption  of  red,  or  some- 
times whitish  pimples;  occurring  in  early  infancy, 
chiefly  about  the  face,  neck,  and  arms,  surrounded 
by  a  reddish  halo ;  or  interrupted  by  irregular 
patches  of  cutaneous  blush.  All  the  varieties 
under  this  genus  arise  in  consequence  of  the  ex- 
treme vascularity  and  irritability  of  the  skin  at 
this  period  of  life,  when  the  constitution  is  liable 
to  be  disturbed  by  irritation,  either  in  the  ali- 
mentary canal,  gums  or  other  parts.  None  of 
these  eruptions  are  of  any  importance,  and  no 
medical  treatment  is  usually  necessary.  If  the 
stomach  seem  at  all  disordered,  a  little  rhubarb 
and  magnesia  may  be  administered  occasionally. 
Willan  and  Bateman  reckon  five  species, —  Stro- 
phulus intertinc'tus,  Red  guvi  or  goion;  S.  al'hidus 
or  lohite  gum;  S.  confer' tus  or  rank  red  gum, 
Tooth  rash;  S.  volat'icus  or  Erythe'ma  volat'icum, 
and  S.  can'didus. 

Strophulus  Syltestris,  Ignis  sylvaticus — s. 
Volaticus,  Ignis  sylvaticus. 
STROPHUS,  Tormina. 
STRUCTIO,  Structura. 

STRUC'TUPviLj  same  etymon  as  the  next. 
Of,  or  belonging  to,  structure. 

STRUCTURE,  Structu'ra,  Struc'tio,  Confor- 
ma'tio,  Cataseeu'e,  from  struere,  structum,  'to 
build.'  The  arrangement  of  the  different  tissues 
or  organic  elements  of  which  animals  and  vege- 
tables are  composed. 

STRUMA,  Bronchocele,  Scrofula. 
Struma  Adipo'sa,  Ohes'itas  colli.    Fatty  neck. 
Prominence  of  the  neck  from  obesity. 
STRVMES,  Scrofula. 
STRVMEUX,  Scrofulous. 
STRUMOSIS  CEREBRI,  Encephalophymata 
—  s.  Pulmonum,  Tubercles  of  the  lungs. 
STRUMOSUS,  Scrofulous. 
STRUMOUS,  Scrofulous. 
STRUT HIOPH'AGUS,    from    argovSiiov,   'a 
young  ostrich,,  and  ipaya,  '  I  eat.'     Struthiopha- 
gous  tribes  still  exist  in  some  parts  of  Africa. 
STRUTHIUM,  Saponaria. 
STRUVB'S   LOTION  FOR  HOOPING- 
COUGH,  see  Lotion,  Struve's,  for  hooping-cough. 
STRYCHNIA,  Strychni'na,  Strych'nine,Slrych- 
iii'num,   Strych'nium,    Vauqueline.     An  alkaline 
principle :  solid,  crystalline,  inodorous,  bitter,  and 
excessively  poisonous,  which  has  been  discovered 
in  the    Strychnos  mix  vomica.     {Nucis  vomiccB. 
rasur.  Ibiv;  calcis  pulv.  ^^J!  <'-'^'>^d-  muriat.  f5iijj 
alcohol.,   acid,  sulphuric,  dil.,  liquor.   ammonicB, 
carhon.  animal,  purif.,  aquas,  aa  q.  s.    Digest  the 
nux  vomica  in  two  gallons  of  water,  acidulated 
with  a  fluidounce  of  muriatic  acid,  for  24  hours : 
then  boil  for  two  hours,  and  strain  with  expres- 
sion through  a  strong  linen  bag.     Boil  the  resi- 
duum twice  successively  in  the  same  quantity  of 
acidulated  water,  each  time  straining  as  before. 
Mix  the  decoctions,  and  evaporate  to  the  consist- 
ency of  thin  syrup;  then  add  the  lime  previously 
mixed  with  a  pint  of  water,  and  boil  for  ten  mi- 
nutes, frequently  stirring.    Pour  the  mixture  into 
u,  double  linen  bag,  and  having  washed  the  pre- 
cipitate well  with  water,  press,  dry,  and  powder 
it     Treat  the   powder  repeatedly  with   boiling 
uicohol,  until  deprived  of  its  bitterness ;  mix  the 
liquors,  and  distil  off  the  alcohol  by  means  of  a 
water-bath.      Mix  the  residue  with   water,  and 
having  applied  heat,  drop  in  sufficient  diluted  sul- 
phuric acid  to  neutralize  and  dissolve  the  strych- 
nia; then  add  purified  animal  charcoal ;  boil  for 
a.  few  minutes,  filtei,  evaporate,  and  crystallize. 
Dissolve  the  crystals  in  water,  and  add  sufificient 


solution  of  ammonia  to  precipitate  the  strychnia. 
Lastly,  dry  the  precipitate  on  bibulous  paper. 
Ph.  U.  S.)  The  medical  action  of  strychnia  on 
man  and  animals  is  exactly  like  that  of  the  alco- 
holic extract  of  nux  vomica.  It  is,  however, 
more  active.  An  eighth  of  a  grain  is  sufficient  to 
kill  a  large  dog;  and  a  quarter  of  a  grain  pro- 
duces marked  effects  on  the  human  body,  wbei? 
in  health.  It  has  been  given  in  paralysis  and 
other  cases  like  the  nux  vomica.  Dose,  one 
twelfth  to  one  eighth  of  a  grain. 

Strychnia,  Acetate  of,  Stryehnise  acetas  — 
s.  Hydriodate  of,  Strychnite  hydriodas — s.  lodate 
of.  Strychnia^  iodas  —  s.  Iodide  of,  Stryehnise  hy. 
driodas. 

Strych'nia,  I'odide  of  Iodhydrate  of,  (F.) 
lodure  d'lodhydrate  de  Strychnine,  is  made  hj'  a 
solution  of  ioduretted  iodide  of  potassium  into  a 
solution  of  a  salt  of  strychnia ;  treating  the  pre- 
cipitate with  boiling  alcohol,  and  crystallizing. 
Used  in  the  same  cases  as  strychnia.  Dose,  a 
sixth  of  a  grain. 

Strychnia,  Nitrate  of,  Strychnife  nitras — s. 
Sulphate  of,  Stryehnise  sulphas. 

Strychnia  and  Zinc,  Double  Iodide  of, 
double  Iodide  of  Zinc  and  Strychnia. 

STRYCH'NIA  ACE'TAS,  Strych'nium  sen 
Strychni'num  ace'ticum,  Ace'tas  strych'nii  seu 
strych'nicus,  Ac"etate  of  Strychnia  or  Strychnine 
This  salt  is  formed  by  the  direct  combination  of 
strychnia  with  acetic  acid.  It  is  given  in  the 
same  cases  as  pure  strychnia. 

Strych'nia  Hydri'odas,  S.  iodhy'dras, 
Strych'nium  hydroiod'icum,  Hydri'odas  seu  lod 
hy'dras  strych'nicus,  Hydri'odate  or  Iodide  oj 
Strychnia,  is  prepared  by  mixing  a  solution  of 
iodide  of  potassium  with  a  concentrated  solution 
of  acetate  of  strychnia. 

Strych'nia  I'odas,  Strychni'nml'odas,  Strych- 
ni'na loda'ta,  Strych'nium  seu  Strychni'num  lod'- 
icum,  I'odas  Strych'nii  seu  Strych'nicus,  I'odaie 
of  Strych'nia  or  Strychnine.  This  salt  may  be 
formed  by  adding  a  concentrated  solution  of 
iodic  acid  to  strychnia ;  treating  with  boiling 
alcohol;  filtering,  and  leaving  it  to  spontaneous 
evaporation. 

Strychnia  Nitras,  Strych'nium  ni'tricum,  Ni- 
trate of  Strychnia  or  Strychnine.  Used  in  th« 
same  cases  as  strychnia. 

Strych'nia  Sulphas,  Strych'nium  sid^ohti'ri- 
cum.  Sulphate  of  Strychnia  or  Strychnine.  Has 
the  same  properties. 

STRYCHNINA,  Strychnia. 
STRYCHNINE,  Strychnia. 
STRYCHNINUM,  Strychnia. 
STRYCHNIUM,  Strychnia  — s.  Aceticum, 
Stryehnise  acetas — s.  Nitricum,  Strychniae  nitras 
—  s.  Sulphuricum,  Stryehnise  sulphas. 

STRYCHNOS,  Solanum  dulcamara  — s.  Guia- 
nensis,  see  Curare  —  s.  Ignatii,  Ignatia  amara. 

Strychnos  Nux  Vom'ica,  N'ux  Vomica,  Ni:x 
lletel'la,  Caniram,  Koochla  tree.  Family,  Strj'cb- 
noidese.  i^ea;. /S'2/*^  Pentandria  Monogynia.  (F.^ 
Vomiquier.  A  tree  of  the  family  Strychno'iden, 
which  grows  in  India,  and  the  seeds  of  which 
have  been  long  sold  in  the  shops,  under  the 
names,  Nux  Vomica,  Vomic  nut.  Poison  nut, 
Bachelors'  buttons,  &e.,  (F.)  Noix  vomique.  For 
a  long  time,  these  seeds  were  used  only  for  poi- 
soning rats;  but  of  late  years,  an  alcoholic  ex- 
tract has  been  prepared  from  them,  which  bos 
been  administered  in  paral.ytic  affections,  in  small 
doses.  Dose  of  the  Alcoholic  Extract,  Extrac'tvnx 
nucis  vom'icm  sjniituo'snm,  E.  nucis  vomiccB  resi- 
no'sum,  E.  n.  v.  ahohol'icum,  (F.)  Extrait  alco- 
holique  de  noix  vomique,  one  or  two  grains.  It 
produces  a  kind  of  tetanic  convulsion  in  the  pa- 
ralyzed parts,  when  given  to  the  requisite  extent. 
It  has,  also,  been  administered  in  chronic  diar- 


STRYPHNA 


821 


STYLO-MASTOID 


rliosa  and  dysentery.  The  following  is  the  for- 
mula for  the  preparation  of  the  Extrac'tum  Nu- 
cis  Vom'ic^  of  the  Pharm.  U.  S.  Take  of  Nux 
vordica,  R)j  ;  Alcohol,  a  sufficient  quantity.  Ex- 
pose the  Nux  Vomica  to  steam  till  it  is  softened ; 
then,  having  sliced  and  dried  it,  grind  it  into 
powder.  Introduce  it  into  an  apparatus  for  dis- 
placement, and  pour  alcohol  upon  it  graduallj', 
until  the  liquid  passes  without  bitterness.  Distil 
oflf  the  greater  part  of  the  alcohol  from  the  filtered 
liquor,  and  evaporate  the  residue  to  the  proper 
consistence. 

The  bark  is  \he  false  angustura  or  false  cuspa- 
ria  hark;  Bohun. 

The  wood  of  Strychnoa  cohtbri'na,  an  Indian 
tree,  contains  strychnia.     It  was  formerly  consi- 
dered a  specific  against  the  bites  of  venomous 
animals;  and  was  recommended  by  Boerhaave 
in  intermittents.     It  is  the  Lignum  Colubri'num, 
(F.)  Bois  de  Couleuvre. 
Strychnos  Toxicaria,  see  Curare. 
STRYPHNA,  Astringents. 
STRYPHNOS,  Acerb. 
STUDIOSUS  MEDICIISr^,  Philiatros. 
STUDIUM  INANE,  Aphelxia  otiosa. 
STUDY,  BROWN,  Aphelxia  otiosa. 
STUFFING,  Cynanche  trachealis. 
STULTITIA,  Fatuitas. 

STUMP,  (G.)  Stumpf,  (D.)  Stomp,  'a 
atump  ;'  also,  '  blunt.'  (F.)  Iloignon.  The  part 
remaining  from  which  a  limb  or  other  part  has 
been  amputated  or  removed  in  any  manner. 

STUNNED.  Old  French,  Estonne,  (L.)  atto- 
nitm,  'astonished.'  (F.)  JEtonne.  An  epithet, 
applied  to  one  who,  in  consequence  of  a  fall  or 
other  accident,  has  received  such  a  concussion 
of  the  brain  as  to  deprive  him,  for  a  time,  of  his 
mental  manifestations. 

STUPA,  Stupha,  Stuppa,  Stupei'on.  Tow,  used 
In  certain  surgical  apparatuses  and  dressings. 
Also,  a  Stiqie,  that  is,  cloth  or  tow  used  in  fo- 
mentations. A  flannel  or  other  article  wrung  out 
of  hot  water,  plain  or  medicated,  applied  to  a 
part,  is  a  stupe.  The  act  of  applying  such  stupe 
is  called  stuping. 
STUPE,  Stupa. 

STUPEFACIENTIA,  Narcotics. 
STUPEFACTIFS,  Narcotics. 
STUPEFACTIO,  Narcosis. 
STUPEFIANTS,  Narcotics. 
STUPEION,  Stupa. 
STUPEUB.  Stupor. 
STUPHA,  Stove,  Stupa, 
STUPIA,  Tin. 

STUPIDITAS,  Idiotism,  Imbecility. 
STUPING,  see  Stupe. 

STUPOR,  Eeplex'is,  Ecplex'ia,  Consterna'tio, 
(F.)  Stupeur,  from  stupere,  'to  be  stupified.' 
Diminished  activity  of  the  intellectual  faculties ; 
often  amounting  to  lethargy.  It  occurs  in  many 
affections,  especially  in  the  neuroses. 

Stupor,  Narcosis — s.  Artuum,  Obdormitio — s. 
Dentium,  Hsemodia  —  s.  Formicans,  Formication 
— s.  Mentis,  Fatuitas — s.  Vigilans,  Catalepsy. 
STUPPA,  Stupa. 
STUPRATION,  Stuprum. 

STUPRUM,  Bape,  Stupra'tion,  (¥.)  Deflora- 
tion, Viol.  Forcible  and  illicit  enjoyment  of  a 
married  or  unmarried  female.  When  committed 
upon  the  latter,  which  is  most  commonly  the 
case,  it  is  also  called,  Deflora'tion,  Deflora'tio, 
Devirgina'tio,  Vitia'tio,  Ap>ant}iis'mus,  &c.  In 
judging  whether  rape  has  been  committed  under 
such  circumstances,  the  state  of  the  genital  or- 
gans ;  the  age  of  the  individual ;  and  the  possibi- 
lity of  accidents  and  diseases  of  the  parts,  will 
bave  to  be  considered.    It  will  be  necessary,  also, 


to  be  acquainted  with  the  evidences  of  virginity ; 
and  to  determine, — if  signs  of  virginity  no  longer 
exist,  —  whether  its  loss  be  attributable  to  copu- 
lation, or  to  the  introduction  into  the  vagina  of 
any  other  body  than  the  male  organ,  <i;c.  Becent 
defloioering  can,  of  course,  be  much  more  readily 
distinguished  than  that  which  has  taken  place 
some  time. 

STUTTERING,  Balbuties. 
STYAN,  Hordeolum. 
STYE,  Hordeolum. 

STYMATES.     M.  J.  Cloquet  has   proposed 
this   word,  or  Stigmates,  from  ariyna,  'a  mark,' 
to  designate  the   marks,  in   form  of  cicatrices, 
which  remain  on  the  peritoneum  after  the  oblite- 
ration of  the  neck  of  the  hernial  sac.     They  are, 
commonly,  radiated  folds,  of  a  whitish  appear- 
ance, more  or  less  thick,  and  of  a  fibrous  or  fibro- 
cartilaginous nature. 
STYLET,  Speeillum. 
STYLI,  Styloid  processes. 
STYLIFORM,  Styloid. 

STYLO  -  CERATOIDES,  Stylo-hyoideus  —  s. 
Cerato-hyoideus,  Stylo-hyoideus. 

STYLO-CHONDRO-HYOiDEUS.  A  name 
given,  by  Douglas  and  Albinus,  to  a  fleshy  fasci- 
culus which  the  stylo-hyoid  muscle  sometimes 
presents,  and  which  is  attached  to  the  lesser 
cornu  of  the  os  hyoides.  It  is  the  same  fascicu- 
lus which  Santorini  calls  Stijlo-hyoV des  novus, 
Stylo-hyoideus  alter. 

STYLO-GLOSSUS.  A  muscle  situate  at  the 
anterior  and  superior  part  of  the  neck.  It  is  nar- 
row behind,  much  broader  before;  is  attached 
to  the  styloid  process  of  the  temporal  bone,  and 
to  the  stylo-maxillary  ligament;  and  is  inserted 
into  the  side  of  the  tongue.  It  raises  the  base  of 
the  tongue  and  carries  it  backwards. 

STYLO-HYOIDEUS,  Stylo-hyoidien,  Stylo- 
cer'afo-hyoideus,  Stylo-ceratoVdes,  Stylo-hyoides 
major.  A  muscle,  situate  at  the  superior,  ante- 
rior, and  lateral  part  of  the  neck.  It  is  thin  and 
narrow,  —  especially  posteriorly:  anteriorly,  it 
opens  to  give  passage  to  the  tendon  of  the  digas- 
tricus.  It  is  attached  to  the  styloid  process  of 
the  temporal  bone,  and  to  the  body  of  the  os 
hyoides.  It  raises  the  os  hyoides,  and  carries  it 
backwards. 

Stylo-hyoid  Ligament  is  a  fibrous,  flattened 
cord,  which  passes  from  the  styloid  process  to  the 
lesser  cornu  of  the  os  hyoides. 

Stylo-hyoid  Nerve  is  the  second  branch 
given  off  by  the  facial  nerve. 

STYLOID,  Sty'liform,  StyloVdes,  GrapMoV- 
des,  Crrapho'i'des,  Graphio'des,  Graphidoi'des, 
Belono'des,  from  rruXof,  'a  style,'  'a peg,'  'a  pin,' 
and  siiog,  '  shape.'  Shaped  like  a  peg  or  pin. 
Styloid  Cornua,  see  Hyoides  os. 
Styloid  Proc"esses,  Pencil-like  Processes, 
Proces'sus  Beloides  seu  Belemno'ides  seu  BelonoV- 
des  seu  Graphioides  seu  Grapho'i' des,  Styli,  are, 
1.  A  long  and  slender  process  of  the  temporal 
bone,  to  which  are  attached  the  stylo-glossus, 
stylo-pharyngeus,  and  stylo-hyoideus  muscles, 
and  the  stylo-hyoid  and  stylo-maxillary  liga- 
ments. 2.  Two  slender  and  pyramidal  processes 
at  the  inferior  extremities  of  the  radius  and  ulna. 
STYLO-MASTOID,  Stylo -mastoidex^.  That 
which  relates  to  the  styloid  and  mastoid  j.ro- 
cesses. 

Stylo-mastoid  Artery  arises  from  the  poste- 
rior auricular,  and,  in  some  subjects,  from  the 
occipital.  It  enters  the  stylo-mastoid  foramen  ^ 
passes  along  the  aqueduct  of  Fallopius,  and 
spreads  its  ramifications  on  the  mucous  mem- 
brane of  the  tympanum,  and  in  the  mastoid  cells, 
and  semi-circular  canals;  and  terminates  bv  anae- 


STTLO-MAXILLART 


822 


SUBCLAVIAN 


tomosing  ■with  a  branch  of  the  Arteria  meningcBa 
media,  which  enters  by  the  Hiatus  Fallopii. 
Murray  has  given  the  name — Stylo-maatoid — to 
the  posterior  auricular  artery  itself. 

Stylo-mastoid  Fora'men,  Foramen  Stylo-vias- 
toideum  or  I\  Aqumduc'tus  Fallo'pii,  (F.)  Trou 
anonyme,  is  situate  at  the  inferior  surface  of  the 
petrous  portion  of  the  temporal  bone,  between 
the  styloid  and  mastoid  processes.  It  terminates 
the  aqueduct  of  Fallopius,  and  gives  passage  to 
the  facial  nerve. 

STYLO- MAX'IL LARY,  Stylo-maxilla'ris. 
That  which  relates  to  the  styloid  processes  and 
jaw. 

The  Stylo-Maxillart  Ligament  is  a  liga- 
mentous, flat  cord,  extending  between  the  styloid 
process  and  the  angle  of  the  jaw. 

STYLO -PHARYNGEUS,  (F.)  Stylo -thyro- 
pharyngien.  A  muscle,  situate  at  the  anterior 
and  lateral  part  of  the  neck.  It  is  slender ;  thin 
above;  attached  to  the  styloid  process  of  the 
temporal  bone,  and  terminates  in  the  parietes  of 
the  pharynx,  as  well  as  at  the  posterior  margin 
of  the  thyroid  cartilage.  It  raises  the  pharynx 
and  carries  it  backwards.  Professor  Chaussier 
has  united,  under  the  name  Stylo-pharyngien, 
the  three  constrictor  muscles  of  the  pharynx,  the 
stylo-pharyngeus,  and  palato-pharyngeus. 

STYLOPH'ORUM  DIPHYL'LUM,  Meconop'- 
eis  diphyl'la,  Cel'andine  Poppy,  Horn  Poppy, 
Bruise  root.  An  indigenous  plant,  of  the  family 
Papaveraceae,  growing  from  western  Pennsylva 
nia  to  "Wisconsin,  which  flowers  from  May  to  Au- 
gust. The  juice  is  fetid  and  narcotic.  Infused 
in  wine,  it  has  been  given  internally  in  gravel ; 
and  has  been  applied  externally  to  contusions,  &o. 

STYLO-THYRO-PHARYNGIEN,  Stylo- 
pharyngeus. 

STYLUS,  Sound. 

Stylus  Excava'tus,  Specil'lum  excava'tum. 
A  hollow  sound. 

STYMA,  Erection,  Priapismus. 

STYMATOSIS,  Stimatosis. 

STYM'MATA,  from  arvft/ia,  'that  which  con- 
Etricts  or  thickens.'  The  most  solid  ointments. 
Also,  the  ingredients  proper  for  increasing  their 
consistence. 

STYPSIS,  Astriction,  Constipation. 

STYPTERIA,  Alumen,  Styptics. 

STYPTIC,  EATON'S.  A  name  first  given  to 
Helvetius's  Styptic,  when  introduced  into  Great 
Britain.  It  is  now  usually  made  of  calcined 
green  vitriol,  ^j;  proof  spirit,  tinged  with  a  little 
oak  bark,  Oij. 

Styptic,  Helvetius's,  see  Ferrumtartarizatum. 

Styptic,  Ruspini's,  Liquor  Stypt'icus  Ruspini. 
A  nostrum,  said  to  consist  of  gallic  acid,  a  small 
quantity  of  sulphate  of  zinc  and  op>i%im,  dissolved 
in  a  mixture  of  alcohol  and  rose-water,  which  has 
had  much  reputation  as  an  internal  and  external 
astringent.       * 

Styptics,  Contrahen'tia,  Constricti'va  Medica- 
men'ta,  Conatringen'tia,  Anastal'tica,  Siy]iie'ria, 
from  trrvnij),  '  I  constringe.'  Sometimes  used  sy- 
nonymously with  astringent,  but  generally  ap- 
plied to  a  substance  employed  to  arrest  hemor- 
rhage,—  EncB'mon.  A  mechanical  styptic  is  one 
that  arrests  the  flow  of  blood,  by  being  applied 
immediately  to  the  mouth  of  the  bleeding  vessel, 
or  by  inducing  a  coagulum,  mechanically,  in 
it.  A  chymical  styptic  is  one  which  coagu- 
lates, chymically,  the  blood  around  a  bleeding 
orifice. 

STYRAC'INUM  O'LEUM.  Oil  obtained  by 
boiling  storax  in  good  olive  oil. 

STYRAX,  from  crvpa^,  '  a  reed,'  in  which  it 


was  preserved.  A  resin,  obtained  from  the  Sty- 
rax  officina'lis  and  S.  calami'ta.  It  is  the  solid 
storax;  —  officinal  storax.  There  are  two  kinds 
of  storax  met  with :  1.  The  Red  Storax,  Gum 
Storax,  Thus  Judmo'rum,  Styrax  rubra,  Styra'cis 
bal'samiim,  Balsamum  styracia  officinalis,  which 
is  obtained  by  incision  from  the  Styrax  offieina'lis, 
and,  perhaps,  from  the  Liquidam'bar  oricnta' lis. 
The  purest  is  in  tears ;  but  it  has  lost  some  of  its 
smell  in  drying.  2.  Common  Storax,  Styrax  ca- 
lami'ta. That  which  has  been  received  in  reeds 
or  vessels,  and  has  had  saw-dust  added  immedi- 
ately to  thicken  it.  The  odour  of  storax  is  fra- 
grant ;  the  taste  aromatic.  It  is  considered,  like 
the  other  balsams,  to  be  stimulant  and  expecto- 
rant, but  is  rarely  used  long. 

Pu'rified  Storax,  S.cola'ta,  S. purifica'ta,\s 
prepared  hj  dissolving  storax  in  alcohol ;  strain- 
ing the  solution ;  then  distilling  off  the  alcohol 
with  a  gentle  heat,  until  the  storax  acquires  thi"' 
proper   consistence.  —  Ph.  U.  S.      Dose,    gr.   i 

to  XXX. 

Styrax  Alba,  see  Myroxylon  Peruiferum — s. 
Benzoin,  see  Benjamin  —  s.  Calamita,  see  Styrai 
—  s.  Liquida,  Liquidambar  styraciflua — s.  Offici- 
nalis, see  Styrax. 

STYSIS,  Erection,  Priapismus. 

SUAVEOLENS,  Beneolens. 

SUB.  A  common  Latin  prefix,  signifying 
'beneath.' 

SUBAC'TIO,  Chiro'sis,  Oheirosis.  The  ope- 
ration of  making  plasters,  extracts,  &c.,  with  thi 
hand,  or  with  the  pestle  and  mortar. 

SUBAFFECTIO,  Hydropathia. 

SUBAGITATRIX,  Tribade. 

SUB-ATLOIDEUS,  Tnfra-atloideus,  (F.)  Souo^ 
atlo'idien.  That  which  is  situate  beneath  the 
atlas  or  first  cervical  vertebra.  Chaussier  has 
given  this  name  to  the  second  pair  of  cervical 
nerves. 

SUB-AXOiDEUS,  Infra -axoid ens,  (F.)  Sous- 
axo'idien.  That  which  is  below  the  axis  or  ver- 
tebra dentata,  Chaussier  has  given  this  name  to 
the  third  pair  of  cervical  nerves. 

SUBBORAS  NATRICUM,  Borax. 

SUBCARTILAGINEUM,  Hypochondre. 

SUBCLA'VIAN,  Subcla'vius,  Suhclavicula'ris, 
from  sub,  '  under,'  and  clavia,  '  the  clavicle.' 
That  which  is  under  the  clavicle. 

Subclavian  Arteries,  (F.)  Artires  sous-ela- 
vilres,  are  situate  at  the  vipper  part  of  the  chest, 
and  the  lateral  and  lower  parts  of  the  neck. 
The  right  arises  at  the  corresponding  side  of  the 
trachea,  and  comes  off  from  the  arteria  innomi- 
nata  or  brachio-cephalic  trunk.  The  left  leaves 
the  aorta  at  the  end  of  the  arch.  Both  extend 
as  far  as  the  superior  surface  of  the  first  rib,  in 
the  space  between  the  scaleni  muscles,  beyond 
which  they  take  the  name  axillary  arteries. 
The  subclavian  arteries  run,  for  some  distance, 
without  sending  off  any  branch.  In  the  neigh- 
bourhood of  the  first  rib,  however,  they  give  off, 

1.  Uptoards,  the  vertebral  and  inferior  thyroideal. 

2.  Boiomvards,  the  internal  mammary  and  supe- 
rior intercostal.  3.  Outwards,  the  transverse  cer- 
vical or  posterior  scapidar,  the  superior  scapular, 
and  the  ^30«?en'or  cervical  or  profunda. 

Subclavian  or  Subclavius  Muscle,  Snbcla- 
via'nus,  (F.)  Costo-claviculaire  (Ch.),  Sons-cla- 
vier, is  situate  at  the  superior  and  anterior  part 
of  the  chest.  It  is  attached,  by  its  inner  extre- 
mity, to  the  superior  surface  of  the  cartilage  of 
the  first  rib ;  and  by  its  superior  margin  and 
outer  extremity  to  the  inferior  surface  of  the 
clavicle.  This  muscle  depresses  the  clavicle,  and 
carries  it  forward.  When  the  shoulder  is  fixed, 
it  can  raise  the  first  rib. 

Subclavian  Veins,  (F.)  Veines  aoua-claviirea, 


SUBCLAVICULA 


823 


SUBMENTAL 


are  continuations  of  the  axillary,  and  extend  from 
the  inferior  extremity  of  the  scalenus  anticus,  in 
front  of  which  they  pass,  to  the  vena  cava  supe- 
rior, which  they  form  by  their  union.  The  right 
jsubclavian  vein  is  very  short;  the  left,  longer 
and  broader.  These  veins  receive  the  mouths  of 
the  internal  and  external  jugulars,  vertebral  and 
superior  intercostal.  The  left  subclavian  receives 
two  veins  more  than  the  right, — the  left  internal 
mammary  and  left  inferior  thyroid.  The  thora- 
cic duct  opens  into  the  left  subclavian  : — the  cor- 
responding great  lymphatic  vessel  into  the  right. 

SUBCLAVICULA,  from  sub,  'under,'  and 
clavicula,  '  the  clavicle.'     The  first  rib. 

SUBCLAVICULARIS,  Subclavian. 

SUBCLAVIUS,  Subclavian  muscle. 

SUBCRUEN'TUS,  'somewhat  bloody;'  from 
8W&,  and  ci-uentus,  'bloody;'  Ht/phce'mos.  That 
which  has  the  colour  and  nature  of  blood.  An 
epithet  given  to  certain  excreted  substances,  which 
are  mixed  with  blood,  or  have  the  appearance  of 
blood. 

SUBCRUR^L  see  Crurjeus. 

SUBGUTA'NEOUS,  Subcitta'neus,  from  sub, 
'under,'  and  cutis,  'the  skin;'  Intercuta'neus,  (F.) 
Sous-eutane.  That  which  is  placed  immediately 
under  the  skin. 

SuBCUTANEUs  CoLLi,  Superficialis  colli  —  s. 
Malse  (Nervus),  Orbitar  nerve. 

SUBDELIRIUM,  Typhomania. 

SUB'DITA,  SubditWia,  from  subdere,  'to  put 
under;'  Pros' theta.  Medicines  introduced  into 
some  one  of  the  natural  apertures;  —  as  supposi- 
tories, pessaries,  <fec. 

SUBDITITIA,  Subdita. 

SUBDUCTIO,  Dejection. 

SUBER,  Oork : — the  bark  of  the  Querctts  Sube7- 
or  CorJc  Tree.  (F.)  Liege.  Family,  Amentacea3. 
Sex.  Si/st.  Monoecia  Polyandria..  Cork,  when 
burnt,  is  applied  as  a  mechanical  styptic  to 
bleeding  piles,  &c.  Surgeons  use  it  for  making 
tents  ;  and  it  has  been  recommended  to  be  worn 
as  an  amulet  to  suppress  the  secretion  of  milk ! 

SUBETH,  Coma. 

SUBFRONTA'LIS  SUTU'RA.  A  suture  re- 
sulting from  the  articulation  of  the  os  frontis 
with  the  nasal  process  of  the  superior  maxillary 
bone,  and  the  proper  bones  of  the  nose. 

SUBGRONDATION,  Depression. 

SUBHUMBRATIO,  Catomismos. 

SUBIGATOR,  Trihade. 

SUBINFLAM  MATIO,  Subinflammation  —  s. 
Hepatis,  Hepatitis,  chronic. 

SUBINFLAMMA'T ION,  Subinflamma Hio, 
from  sub,  'under,'  and  inflammafio.  Infiamma- 
tiun'ctda,  Hypophlegma' sia.  A  mild  degree  of 
inflammation,  so  slight  as  hardly  to  deserve  the 
name  inflammation.  Broussais  understood  by^  the 
term,  an  augmentation  in  the  vital  phenomena 
of  the  vessels  that  convey  white  blood.  Lym- 
phatic engorgements,  scrofula,  herpes,  and  cancer 
he  considered  subinflammations. 

SUBINTRAN'TES  FEBRES,  from  sub, 
'under,'  and  intrare,  'to  enter.'  Conununican'tes 
fehres.  Fevers  primarily  intermittent,  whose 
paroxysms  approximate,  so  that  one  paroxysm 
begins  before  that  which  preceded  it  has  gone 
through  its  stages.  —  L.  Bellini. 

SUBJECTIVE  SENSATIONS,  see  Sensation. 

SUBJEE,  Bangue. 

SUBLIGACULUM,  Truss, 

SUBLIGATURA.  Truss. 

SUBLIMAMENTUM,  En^orema. 

SUBLIMATE,  CORROSIVE,  Hydrargyri 
oxymurias. 

SUBLIMA' TION,  Sublima 'tic,  Ifeteoris'mus, 
Hypso'sis,  from  sublimo,  '  I  raise  up.'  An  opera- 
tion by  which  dry  and  solid  matters  are  volatilized 


and  condensed  at  the  upper  part  of  a  subliming 
apparatus.  Calomel,  sal  ammoniac,  &c.,  are  com- 
monly obtained  by  sublimation.  The  product  of 
sublimation  is  a  Sub'limate  SiMima'tum,  (F.)  Sub- 
lime. 

SUBLIMATUS  CORROSIVUS,  Hydrargyri 
oxymurias. 

SUBLIME^.  Sublimis. 

SUBLIME,  Enseorema,  Sublimate — s.  Corro- 
sif,  Hydrargyri  oxymurias. 

SUBLI'MIS,  (F.)  Sublime,  'high,  elevated, 
superficial.'  Anatomists  have  given  the  name 
sublimis  to  certain  muscles,  which  are  situate 
more  superficially  than  their  kindred  muscles. 
These  last  they  have  called  profundi.  Of  the 
former,  the  flexor  sublimis  digitorum  is  an  ex- 
ample. 

The  French  use  the  term  'respiration  sublime' 
for  the  respiration  which  is  accompanied  by  con- 
siderable elevation  of  the  ribs,  and  with  separa- 
tion of  the  alse  nasi  at  the  time  of  inspiration. 

SUBLINGUA,  Uvula. 

SUBLIN'GUAL,  SuUingua'lis,  (F.)  Souslin. 
glial,  from  st(b,  'under,'  and  lingua,  'the  tongue.' 
That  which  is  seated  under  the  tongue. 

Sublingual  Aktery,  with  some,  is  the  Lin- 
gual. With  others,  it  is  a  branch  given  off  by 
the  lingual  opposite  the  genio-glossus  muscle, 
which  is  distributed  particularly  to  the  sublingual 
gland,  to  the  mylo-hyoid,  and  genio-glossus  mus- 
cles, &G. 

Sublingual  Gland,  Glan'dula  sublingua'lis, 
G.  Bartholinia'na,  G.  Rivinia'na,  is  seated  in  the 
substance  of  the  inferior  paries  of  the  mouth,  be- 
neath the  anterior  part  of  the  tongue.  It  is 
smaller  than  the  submaxillary,  of  which  it  fre- 
quently seems  to  be  only  a  prolongation.  It  is 
oblong,  flattened,  amygdaloid,  and  is  covered  by 
the  mucous  membrane  of  the  mouth,  beneath 
which  it  projects.  This  gland  has  10  or  12  ex- 
cretory ducts  —  Ductus  liivinia'ni  seu  Walthe- 
ria'ni- — some  of  which  open  beneath  the  frajnum 
lingua,  joining  Wharton's  duct,  whilst  others 
pierce  the  mucous  membrane  of  the  mouth  sepa- 
rately.   It  has  the  same  structure  as  the  parotid. 

SUBLINGUIUM,  Uvula. 

SUBLINGUUM,  Epiglottis. 

SUBLOB'ULAR,  Sublobula'ris;  from  sub, 
'under,'  and  lobus,  'a  lobe.'  That  which  is 
placed  under  a  lobe. 

SuBLOBULAR  Veins  OF  THE  LiVER.  The  veina 
in  which  the  intra-lobular  veins  terminate.  By 
their  union,  the  sublobular  veins  form  the  hepatic 
veins. 

SUBLUXATIO,  Sprain. 

SUBMAXILLARY,  Subm axilla' r is,  Infra- 
maxilla'ris,  (F.)  Sous-maxillaire,  from  sub, 
'under,'  and  maxilla,  'the  jaw.'  That  which  is 
seated  beneath  the  jaw. 

Submaxillary  Ganglion  is  a  small  nervous 
ganglion,  situate  opposite  the  gland.  It  seems 
to  be  formed  by  the  superior  branch  of  the  Vidian 
nerve,  and  communicates  with  the  lingual  nerve 
of  the  inferior  maxillary.  Its  filaments  form  a 
plexus  which  penetrates  the  submaxillary  gland. 

Submaxillary  Gland,  Max'illary  Gland,  Hy- 
pognath'aden,  is  a  salivary  gland,  less  than  tlie 
parotid,  seated  at  the  inner  side  of  the  ramus  and 
body  of  the  inferior  maxillarj'  bone,  in  the  trian- 
gular space  between  the  two  bellies  of  the  digas- 
trieus.  Irregularly  ovoid,  and  flattened  on  three 
surfaces,  it  has  the  same  aspect  and  organization 
as  the  other  salivary  glands.  Its  excretory  duct 
is  called  Wharton's  Duct,  and  terminates  at  the 
side  of  the  frrenum  lingua;,  by  a  %  ery  small  orifice. 
It  is  also  called  Ductus  inferior. 

SUBMEN'TAL,  Submenta'lis,  (F.)  Soiisrie'iial, 


StTBMERSION 


824 


SUBSULTUS 


from  suh,  'under,'  and mentum,  'the  chin.'     Situ- 
ate under  the  chin. 

Submental  Artery  is  furnished  by  the  facial, 
near  the  base  of  the  jaw.  It  passes  forwards 
along  the  attachment  of  the  mylo-hyoideus,  to 
which  it  furnishes  branches  that  cross  it  to  anas- 
tomose with  those  of  the  sublingual.  Near  the 
median  line  it  bifurcates,  to  be  distributed  to  the 
chin  and  muscles  of  the  infra-hyoid  region. 

Submental  Vein,  which  accompanies  the  ar- 
tery, opens  into  the  labial. 

SUBMER'SIOjST,  Submer'sio,  from  sub,  'under,' 
and  mergere,  merstim,  '  to  plunge.'  The  act  of 
plunging,  or  being  entirely  plunged,  in  a  liquid. 

Asphyx'ia  by  submersiort,  Drowning,  Asphyxia 
Immerso'rum,  is  not  owing  to  a  certain  quantity 
of  liquid  being  introduced  into  the  alimentary  or 
air-passages ;  but  simply  to  the  interception  of 
air,  and  of  the  respiratory  phenomena.  It  is  a 
case  of  suffocation,  the  signs  of  which,  on  dis- 
section, are  equivocal,  without  circumstantial 
evidence. 

SUBMISSIO,  Remission— s.  Cordis,  Systole. 

SUBMU'COUS,  Submuco'sus;  from  sub, 
'under/  and  mucus.  Under  a  mucous  mem- 
brane, — -  as  the  '  submucous  areolar  tissue.' 

SUBMURIAS  AMMONIACO-HYDRARGY- 
RICUS,  Hydrargyrum  prsecipitatum. 

SUBMUS'CULAR,  Submuscula'ris  ;  from  sub, 
'under,'  and  museuhis,  'a,  muscle.'  Seated  be- 
neath muscles  or  a  muscular  layer. 

SUBOCCIP'ITAL,  Suboceipita'Us;  from  sub, 
'under,'  and  occiput.  That  which  is  situated 
under  the  occiput. 

Suboccip'ital  Nerve,  Occipital  nerve. 

SUBOR'BITAR,  Suborbita'rius,  Infra-or'bitar, 
Infra-orbita'lis,  Infra-orhita' rius,  (F.)  Sous-orbi- 
taire,  from  sub,  'under,'  and  orbita,  'the  orbit.' 
That  which  is  seated  beneath  the  orbitar  cavity. 

Suborbitar  Artery,  Infra-orbitar,  A.,  pro- 
ceeds from  the  internal  maxillary,  from  which  it 
separates  near  the  anterior  and  superior  part  of 
the  zygomatic  fossa.  It  enters  the  infra-orbitar 
canal,  and  passes  through  it,  giving  branches  to 
the  anterior  and  superior  dental  canal ;  issues  by 
the  foramen  infra-orbitarium ;  and  divides,  in  the 
fossa  canina,  into  a  number  of  branches,  which 
lose  themselves  in  the  neighbouring  parts.  The 
infra-orbitar  vein  follows  the  same  course. 

Suborbitar  Canal,  Infra-orbitar  Canal,  (F.) 
Canal  ou  Conduit  sous-orbitaire,  is  a  small  canal, 
which  runs  obliquely  through  the  substance  of 
the  inferior  paries  of  the  orbit.  It  begins,  behind, 
by  a  simple  gutter,  and  divides,  anteriorly,  into 
two  branches,  one  of  which  descends  into  the 
anterior  paries  of  the  maxillary  sinus,  whilst  the 
other  passes  out,  in  the  canine  fossa,  by  an  ori- 
fice, called  Foramen-infra-orbitarium,  (F.)  Trou 
sous-orbitaire.  The  infra-orbitar  artery  and  nerve 
pass  along  it. 

Suborbitar  Fissure,  Infra-orbitar  Fissure, 
Hima  cana'lis  orbita'rii,  Fissti'ra  infra-  orbita'lis. 
A  fissure  in  the  superior  maxillary  bone ;  the  su- 
perior commencement  of  the  suborbitar  canal, 

Suborbitar  Fossa,  Canine  fossa. 

i?UB0RBlTAR  Nbrves,  Infra-orbitar  Nerves, 
seem  to  terminate  the  superior  maxillary.  They 
issue  from  the  infra-orbitar  canal  by  the  foramen 
of  the  same  name,  and  spread  out  in  a  radiated 
manner  in  the  fossa  canina,  to  divide  into  superior 
or  pal/jebrai  filaments,  inferior  or  labial,  internal 
ijf  nasal,  and  external  or  buccal. 

SUBPERITONE'AL,  Subperitonea'lis ;  from 
(•>/''.  '  under,'  and'  peritoneum.  That  which  lies 
under  the  peritoneum. 

Subperitoneal  Aponeurosis,  Fascia,  subpe- 
ritoneal—  s.  Gauglia,  see  Spermatic  ganglion. 
SUBPLACENTA,  Decidua  membraua. 


STJBPOPLIT^US,  Poplitaeus  muscle. 

SUBPUBIC  ARCH,  Arcus  subpu'bicua.  A 
strong  arch  of  the  superior  pelvic  aponeurosis, 
which  completes  the  posterior  orifice  of  the  ob- 
turator or  subpubic  canal. 

Subpubic  Membrane,  Obturator  membrane. 

SUBPUBIO-FEMORALIS,  Abductor  brevis 
— s.  Prostaticus,  Compressor  prostatse. 

SUBPUTRIS,  Hyposaprus. 

SUBSCAP'ULAR,  Subscapnla'ris,  (F.)  Sons- 
scapulaire,  Sous-scapulo-trochinien,  from  snb, 
'under,'  and  scapida,  'the  shoulder-blade.'  That 
which  is  beneath  the  scapula. 

Subscapular  Fossa,  Fossa  Subseapvla  'vis. 
A  considerable  excavation  at  the  anterior  surface 
or  venter  of  the  scapula,  in  which  the  subscapu- 
laris  is  seated. 

Subscapular  Muscle,  Subscapnla'ris  Muscle, 
Immer'sus,  Infra-scapida'ris,  (F.)  Soiis-scapnlo- 
trochinien  (Ch.),  Porte-feuille,  Muscle  sotis-scapu- 
laire.  A  muscle  situate  in  the  above-mentioned 
fossa.  It  is  flat,  broad,  and  triangular ;  is  at- 
tached, by  its  base,  to  the  subseapulary  fossa  and 
to  the  anterior  lip  of  the  edge  of  the  spine  of  the 
scapula,  and  is  inserted  into  the  lesser  tuberosity 
of  the  humerus.  It  carries  the  arm  in  rotation 
inwards.  It  can  also  depress  it,  and  bring  it  to- 
wards the  body. 

Subscap'ular  Nerves  are  two  in  number. 
One  arises  from  the  brachial  plexus  above  the 
clavicle ;  the  other  from  the  posterior  aspect  of 
the  plexus  within  the  axilla.  They  are  distri- 
buted to  the  subscapularis  muscle. 

SUBSE'ROUS,  Subsero'sus;  from  s^ih,  'under,' 
and  serous.  Under  a  serous  membrane,  —  as  the 
'subserous  areolar  tissue.' 

SUBSIDENTIA,  Sediment. 

SUBSTANCE  FBI  AIL  LEE  BES  DENTS, 
Enamel  of  the  teeth  —  s.  Horny,  see  Tooth. 

SUBSTANCE,  HYALINE,  Cytoblastema— s. 
Intercellular,  Cytoblastema — s.  Vitree  dea  Dents, 
Enamel  of  the  teeth. 

Substance,  White,  of  Schwann.  A  hollow 
cylinder  within  the  tubular  nervous  fibre,  which 
differs  in  composition  and  refracting  power  from 
the  matter  that  occupies  the  centre  of  the  tube. 

SUBSTANTIA  ADAMANTINA  PENTIUM, 
Enamel  —  s.  Filamentosa  dentium.  Enamel  —  s. 
Hyalina,  Cytoblastema  —  s.  Ossea  dentium,  see 
Tooth — s.  Ostoidea,  see  Tooth. 

Substant'ia  Perfora'ta  Me'dia.  When  the 
pia  mater  has  been  removed  from  the  space  be- 
tween the  crura  cerebri  termed  the  intercru'ral 
or  interpedunc'ular,  the  surface  appears  cribriform 
from  the  perforations  of  the  numerous  minute 
vessels  which  penetrate  it.  This  is  the  siibstan'tia 
perfora'ta  me'dia  of  Vicq  d'Azyr. 

Substantia  Pulposa  Dentis,  Dental  pulp — s, 
Rhomboidea,  Corpus  dentatum  —  s.  Spongiosa 
Urethrse,  Corpus  spongiosum  urethras — s.  Vitrea 
dentium,  Enamel  of  the  teeth  —  s.  Vitrea,  Cyto- 
blastema. 

SUB'STANTIVE,  Substanti'vus;  from  substare, 
(sub  and  stare,)  'to  stand  under  or  subsist.'  An 
epithet  applied  by  Dr.  Paris  to  aliments  which 
are  nutritious,  in  contradistinction  to  adjective 
aliments,  which  are  themselves  not  possessed  of 
nutritive  virtues,  but  impart  to  the  digestive  or- 
gans greater  energy,  so  as  to  enable  them  to  ex- 
tract more  nutriment  from  the  substantive  ali- 
ments. Meat,  for  example,  is  a  substantive 
aliment:  the  condiment,  as  mustard,  eaten  with 
it,  nn  adjective  aliment. 

SUBSTILLUM.  Stillieidium, 

SUBSULTIO,  Palpitation. 

SUBSUL'TUS  TEN'DINUM,  Saltus  tcn'dU 
num,  Clonus  subsultus,  Subs}dtus,  Carpholog"ia 
spasmod' ica,  Myopul'mus,   Twitching  of  the  Ten- 


SUBSURDITAS 


825 


SUDAMINA 


dona,  (F.)  Souhreaaut,  from  snhsilire,  suhsultmn, 
(sub  and  satire,)  'to  make  short  leaps.'  Twitch- 
ing, communicated  to  the  tendons  by  the  invo- 
luntary and  instantaneous  contraction  of  the 
muscular  fibres.  It  is  more  observable  .at  the 
wrist  than  elsewhere ;  and  is  an  evidence  of  great 
cerebral  irritability,  and  debility,  when  it  occurs 
at  an  advanced  period  of  fever. 

The  muscular  agitations  or  twitchings  observed 
in  febrile  diseases,  especially  of  children,  have 
been  termed  Convulsihil'itas,  Sclerotyr'befelri'lis, 
and  Trritahil' itas  morbo'sa.  ^ 

SUBSURDITAS,  Deafness. 

SUB'UBERES,  from  sub,  'under,'  and  nbera, 
'the  breasts.'  Infan'tes  sugen'tes,  SucMng  chil- 
dren. Infants  at  the  breast,  in  contradistinction 
to  the  E.ru'beres,  a-aoyoKaKToi,  or  those  which  have 
been  weaned. 

SUBUN'GUIAL,  Suhun'guical,  (F.)  Sous-wi- 
gSale,  from  sub,  'under,'  SLndunguis,' a.  nail.'  Be- 
longing to  parts  under  the  nail;  —  as  subunguial 
exostosis,  (F.)  Exostose  sotis-ungeale,  an  exostosis 
under  the  nail  of  the  great  toe  especially. 

SUBVERSIO  STOMACHI,  Vomiturition. 

SUBVERTEBRA,  Sacrum. 

SUBVERTEBRUM,  Sacrum. 

SUBVOLA,  Hypothenar. 

SVC,  Succus  —  s.  de  Citron,  see  Citrus  medica 
—  s.  Gastrique,  Gastric  juice  —  s.  Medidlaire, 
Marrow  —  s.  dv,  Limon,  see  Citrus  medica. 

SUCCA'GO,  from  succus,  'juice.'  The  inspis- 
sated juice  of  plants;  robs,  jellies,  &c. 

SUCCEDA'NEUM,  Succida' neum,  Suhstitu'- 
tum,  Antiballom' enum,  Sxirroga'tuni,  Antembal- 
Jom'eimm,  Quid  j)^'o  <J>'0,  from  succedere,  (sub, 
and  cedere),  '  to  go  under,  to  come  in  place  of 
another.'  An  epithet  for  medicines  that  may  be 
substituted  for  others  possessing  similar  pro- 
perties. 

SUCCENTURIA'TUS,  from  succenturinre  (snb, 
and  centuria),  'to  supply  a  soldier  to  fill  a  va- 
cancy ;'  and  hence,  '  to  substitute  or  put  in  the 
room  of.'  That  which  is  a  substitute  for  another; 
?s  Renes  succenturiati,  Ventriculus  succenturia- 
tits,  &c. 

SUCCHAR,  Saccharum. 

SUCCIDANEUM,  Succedaneum. 

SUCCIN,  Succinum. 

SUCCINCTURA,  Dinphragm. 

SUCCmCTUS,  Diaphragm. 

SUCCINI  RESINA,  Musk,  artificial. 

SUCCIN'IC  ACID,  Ac"idum  Suc'cini,  A.  Sue 
cin'icum,  Acor  Suecin'eus,  Sal  Succini,  Sal  volat'- 
ile  Succini,  has  been  considered  antispasmodic 
and  diaphoretic,  in  the  dose  of  from  five  to  twenty 
grains. 

SUCCINUM,  Elec'trvm,  Ambra,  Ambram,Am- 
par,  Bereni'ce,  Amber,  Yellow  Amber,  (F.)  Succin, 
Ambre  janne.  This  substance,  which  is  found  on 
the  shores  of  the  Baltic,  is  composed  of  a  resinous 
matter,  of  essential  oil,  and  an  acid  sui  generis. 
It  is  inodorous,  except  when  heated  or  rubbed ; 
insipid  ;  in  fragments  of  a  pale  golden-yellow  co- 
lour ;  transparent,  and  has  a  shining  lustre.  S.g. 
1.08  ;  insoluble  in  water,  and  slightly  acted  on 
by  alcohol.  It  is  used  for  affording  its  essential 
oil — the  O'leum  or  Bal'samum  Suc'cini,  (F.)  Huile 
de  Succin.  This  oil  possesses  stimulant,  antispas- 
modic, diuretic,  and  rubefacient  properties. 

The  O'leum  Suc'cini  recfifica'tum,  Bectified  Oil 
of  Amber,  is  made  as  follows  : — Oil  of  Amber,  Oj  ; 
water,  Ovj.  Mix  in  a  glass  retort,  and  distil  until 
Oiv  of  the  water  have  passed  with  the  oil  into  the 
receiver ;  separate  the  oil  from  the  water,  and 
keep  it  in  well-stopped  bottles. — (Ph.  U.  S.) 

The  White  amber,  Leucelec'trum,  (F.)  Ambre 
blanc,  is  a  variety. 


Succinum  Cineeeum,  Ambergris  —  s.  Griseum, 
Ambergris. 

SUCGION,  Sucking. 

SUCCISA,  Scabiosa  succisa  —  s.  Pratensis,  S. 
succisa. 

SUCCOLATA,  Chocolate. 
SUCCORY,  WILD,  Cichorium  intybus,  Chi- 
ronia  angularis. 

SUC'CUBUS,  from  sub,  and  culare,  'to  lie.' 
Some  authors  have  used  this  word  synonymously 
with  nightmare.  Others  mean  by  it  a  female 
phantom,  with  which  a  man  in  his  sleep  may  be- 
lieve he  has  intercourse ;  —  as  Incubus  has  been 
applied  to  the  male  phantom,  with  which  a  female 
may  dream  she  is  similarly  situate. 

SUCCUS,  Chylus,  Opos,  Opis'ma,  Chylis'ma, 
Ecchylo'ma,  Apothlim'ma,  Juice,  (F.)  Sue.  The 
fluid  obtained  by  pressing  plants,  flesh,  &c. ;  suc- 
cus expres'sus.  It  is,  also,  applied  to  certain  ani- 
mal fluids,  as  S.  Oastricus,  &c. 

Succus  AcacijE  Germanics  Inspissatus,  see 
Prunus  spinosa — s.  Acaciae  nostratis,  see  Prunus 
spinosa — s.  Arborum,  Sap  —  s.  Cicutse  spissatus, 
Extractum  eonii  —  s.  Cyrenaicus,  Laserpitium. 

Succus  Enter'icus,  S.  Intestina'lis,  Jntes'tinal 
Juice.  The  fluid  secreted  from  the  lining  mem- 
brane of  the  small  intestines. 

Succus  Expressus,  Apothlimma  —  s.  Gastri- 
cus,  Gastric  juice  —  s.  Glycyrrhizse,  Extractum 
glycyrrhizEe  —  s.  Hypocistidis,  see  Cytinus  —  s. 
Intestinalis,  Succus  entericus  —  s.  Japonicus,  Ca- 
techu—  s.  Limonis,  see  Citrus  medica — s.  Liqui- 
ritise,  Extractum  glycyrrhizse  —  s.  Nerveus,  Ner- 
vous fluid — s.  Nutritius,  Chyle  —  s.  Orni  concre- 
tus,  see  Fraxinus  ornus  —  s.  Pancreaticus,  see 
Pancreas  —  s.  Spissatus  Aconiti  Napelli,  Extrac- 
tum aconiti  —  s.  Spissatus  atropaj  belladonnas, 
Extractum  belladonuEe  —  s.  Spissatus  conii  ma- 
culati,  Extractum  cieuta3  —  s.  Spissatus  hyoscy- 
ami  nigri,  Extractum  hyoscyami  —  s.  Spissatus 
lactucse  sativffi,  Extractum  lactucee. 

SUCCUS'SION,  Hippocrat'ic  Succiis'sion,  Suc- 
cus'sio,  from  suecutio  (sub,  and  quatio),  'I  shake 
from  beneath.'  A  mode  of  ascertaining  the  ex- 
istence of  a  fluid  in  the  thorax,  (jl uctnation  by 
succussion,)  by  giving  the  body  one  or  more  slight 
shakes. 

Succussion,  Ballottement. 

SUCHOR,  Saccharum. 

SUCKING,  Suc'tio,  Suctus,  Athelx'is,  Bdalsis, 
3fyze'sis,  (P.)  Succion,  from  sugere,  suctum,  'to 
suck.'  The  act  of  drawing  liquid  into  the  mouth, 
by  forming  a  vacuum  with  the  tongue  acting  as 
a  piston,  during  inspiration. 

Sucking  Bottle.  A  bottle  so  formed,  that, 
when  filled  with  milk,  it  can  be  sucked  from  in- 
stead of  the  breast. 

Sucking  Child,  Lactens.    A  suckling. 

SUCKLE,iyac*are,  yaXaKTorpo^Eii',  ri5j?0ti£ii',(P.) 
Allaiter  ou  Alaiter.     To  give  suck.     To  nurse, 

SUCKLING,  Lactation,  Sucking  child. 

SUCRE,  Saccharum  —  s.  Candi,  Saccharum 
candidum — s.  de  Lait,  Sugar  of  milk — s.  de  Sa- 
turne,  Plumbi  superacetas. 

SUCTIO,  Exsuctio,  Sucking, 

SUCTION  POWER.  The  force  exerted  on 
the  blood  in  the  veins,  by  the  active  dilatation 
of  the  heart.     See  Derivation. 

SUCTO'RIA,  from  sugo,  'I  suck.'  Animals 
provided  with  mouths  for  sucking.  Also,  organs 
for  sucking  or  adhesion, — hence  termed  swctona^ 
—  as  '  suctorial  oscula.' 

SUCTORIAL,  see  Suctoria. 

SUCTUS,  Sucking. 

SUDAM'INA,  Hydro' ata,  Hidro'ta,  Pap'ulai 
sudora'les,  Suffersu'rcB,  Alha'sef,  Planta  noc- 
tis,  Boa,  from  sudor,  'sweat,'      Small  vesiclea. 


SUDARIUM 


826 


SUGAR 


which  appear  upon  the  skin,  especially  in  the 
summer  time,  in  hot  countries,  and  in  dis- 
eases attended  with  much  sweating.  It  is  a  mi- 
liary eruption.     See  Miliary  fever. 

SuDAMiNA,  Desudatio,  JEchauhouliires,  Lichen 
tropicus. 

SUDARIUM,  Achicolum. 

SUDATION,  Hidrosis. 

SUDATORIA,  Hidrosis  —  s.  Maligna,  see  Su- 
dor Anglicus. 

SUDATORIUM,  Achicolum. 

SUDOR,  Hidros,  (F.)  Sneur^  'sweat.'  The 
product  of  cutaneous  transpiration,  when  visible 
on  the  surface  of  tlie  body.  It  is  colourless ;  of 
an  odour  more  or  less  strong  and  variable;  and  of 
a  saline  taste.  It  is  composed,  according  to  Ber- 
selius,  of  Water,  lactic  acid,  lactate  of  soda  united 
\rith  a  little  animal  matter,  chloride  of  sodium, 
and  a  little  chloride  of  potassium,  an  atom  of 
earthy  phosphate,  and  some  oxyd  of  iron. 

Sudor,  Miliary  fever. 

Sudor  An'glicus,  Hidron'osos,  Hidrop'yra, 
Hidropyr'etos,  Febris  sudato'ria,  Milia'ris  suda- 
to'ria,  Sudor  milia'ris,  Morhus  siidatorius,  Eplierti'- 
era  malig'na,  E.  sudatoria,  E.  Britan'nica,  Pestis 
Sritannica,  Sudato'ria  malig'na,  E.  An'  gliea  pes'  - 
tilens,  Sweating  Siclcness,  Sweating  Fever,  (F.) 
Suette,  S.  Miliare,  S.  epidemique,  Sueur  Anglaise. 
A  very  severe  epidemic  disease,  characterized  by 
profuse  sweating,  which  appeared  in  England  in 
1486 ;  and  recurred,  at  different  times,  until  about 
the  middle  of  the  16th  century.  It  was  accom- 
panied with  coldness,  excessive  prostration  of 
strength,  palpitation,  frequency  and  inequality 
of  the  pulse,  Ac,  and  terminated  favourably  or 
unfavourably  in  the  course  of  24  hours.  The 
French  have  given  the  name  Suette  de  Picar- 
DIE,  Suette  des  Pieards,  Fievre  suante  ;  Miliaris 
sudatoria.  Sudor  Picard'icus,  to  an  epidemic  dis- 
ease, which  has  appeared  several  times  in  that 
province;  the  principal  symptoms  of  which  were 
profuse  sweats  and  a  miliary  eruption.  The  dis- 
ease recurred  in  1821,  and  has  been  described,  at 
length,  by  M.  Rayer,  who  considers  it  to  consist 
of  a  simultaneous  state  of  inflammation  of  various 
tissues ;  and  proposes  to  class  it  with  variola, 
scarlatina,  and  measles. 

Sudor  Colliquativus,  S.  Profusus. 

Sudor  Cruen'tus,  S.  sanguin'ens,  Hcsmatidro'- 
sie,  Hamathidro'sis,  Epidro'sis  cruen'ta,  HcBmor- 
rhug"ia  per  Cutem,  (F.)  Hematidrose,  Sueur  de 
Sang ;  Sweating  of  blood,  Bloody  stceai,  Hem'- 
orrhage  from  the  shin.  Cutaneous  perspiration 
intermixed  with  blood :  —  a  very  uncommon  af- 
fection. 

Sudor  Dulcis,  SaccharorrJice'a  cuta'nea,  Ej)hi- 
dro'sis  sacchara'ta.  A  discharge  of  saccharine 
matter  by  perspiration. 

Sudor  Localis,  M'eridrosis — s.  Miliaris,  Mili- 
ary fever.  Sudor  Anglicus — s.  Partialis,  Meridrosis. 

Sudor  Perpu'sus,  *S'.  CoUiquati'vus.  A  pro- 
fuse or  immoderate  sweat. 

Sudor  Sanguineus,  Sudor  cruentus  —  s.  Uni- 
yersalis,  Panhidrosis. 

SUDORIFER,  Sudoriferous,  Sudorific. 

SUDORIF'EROUS,  Sudor'ifer,  Hydroph'orxts, 
from  sudor,  '  sweat,'  and  fero,  '  I  carry.'  That 
which  carries  sweat,  as  the  sudoriferous  ducts  or 
glands. 

SUDORIF'IC,  Sudrjrif'icum,  Sudor'ifer,  Hi- 
drot'icum,  Hydrote'rium,  Hydrotop)oe'um,  Hidro- 
jjoet'icum,  from  sudor,  'sweat,'  and  facio,  'I 
make.'  A  medicine  which  provokes  sweating. 
See  Diaphoretic. 

Four  Sudorific  Woods,  Quat'uor  Ugna  sudo- 
nfica,  were,  formerly,  guaiacum,  pterfumed  cherry, 
tarsaparilla,  and  sassafras. 

SUDORIPAROUS,  see  Perspiration. 


SUDORIS  NULLITAS,  Anidrosis— s.  Pri- 
Vatio,  Anidrosis  —  s.  Suppressio,  Isehidrosis. 

SUET,  Sevum. 

SUETTE,  Sudor  Anglicus  —  ».  Epidemique, 
Sudor  Anglicus — -s.  Miliaire,  Sudor  Anglicus  — 
e.  de  Picardie,  Sudor  picardicus-^s.  des  Pieards, 
Sudor  picardicus. 

SUEUR,  Sudor — s.  Anglaise,  Sudor  Anglicua 
—  s.  d' E.Tp)ression,  Expression,  sweat  of — s,  de 
Sang,  Diapedesis,  Sudor  cruentus. 

SUFFERSUR^,  Sudamina. 

SUFFIMEN,  Suffimentum.  , 

SUFFIMENT'UM,  Hypocapnis'ma,  Svffi'men, 
Thymi'ama,  Suffi'tus,  Suffumiga'tio,  Svffumiga'- 
tion,  [V.)  Parfuni.  A  perfume;  sulfumige;  fumi- 
gation. 

SUFFITIO,  Fumigation. 

SUFFITUS,  Fumigation,  Sufamentum. 

SUFFLATIO,  Puffiness. 

SUFFOCATIO,  Suffocation,  Orthopnoea— s. 
Hypochondriaca,  Hypochondriasis^ — s.  Hj'sterica, 
Angone  —  s.  Stridula,  Cynanche  trachealis  —  s. 
Uterina,  Angone. 

SUFFOCA'TION,  Suffoca'tio,  Prmfoca'tio, 
Apopmix'is,  Asphyx'ia,  Melana'ma,  from  «ii6, 
'under,'  and  focus,  'a  fire-place.'  Death,  or 
suspended  animation  from  impeded  resijiration, 
whether  caused  by  the  inhalation  of  noxious  gases, 
drowning,  hanging,  strangling,  or  smothering.  The 
principal  morbid  appearances  in  such  cases  are : 
— the  lungs  of  a  deep-blue  colour,  with  the  blood 
estravasated  in  the  air-cells ;  right  auricle  and 
ventricle  filled  with  dark  blood,  as  well  as  the 
neighbouring  veins;  lividity  of  the  countenance, 
turgescence,  and,  perhaps,  rupture  of  the  vessels 
of  the  brain. 

Treatment  of  suspended  animation  by  suffocation 
in  general.  'The  patient  must  be  conveyed  into 
a  room  not  too  warm.  Blood-letting  must  ba 
used,  if  at  all,  with  caution  ;  —  friction  must  ba 
employed  with  salt,  or  warm  flannels  ;  stimulating 
fluids,  in  a  dilute  state,  be  poured  into  the  sto- 
mach by  means  of  a  tube,  and  attempts  be  made 
to  inflate  the  lungs.     Laryngotomy,  if  necessary 

Suffocation,  Pnigopho'bia,  (F.)  Etouffement, 
is  used  for  threatened  suffocation,  as  strangling 
is.  It  means  the  state  of  dyspnoea  and  oppres- 
sion experienced  when  a  sufiicient  quantity  of  air 
does  not  enter  the  lungs,  or  when  the  chemica' 
phenomena  of  respiration  are  imperfectly  exe- 
cuted ;  as  in  eases  of  asthma. 

SUFFOCATION  UTERINE,  Hysteria. 

SUFFRAGO,  Poples. 

SUFFUMIGATION,  Sufiimentum. 

SUFFUMIGE.  Sufiimentum. 

SUFFUMIGIUM,  Fumigation. 

SUFFUMINATIO,  Fumigation. 

SUFFUSIO,  Pseudoblepsia — s.  Auriginosi 
Icterus — s.  Bills,  Icterus — s.  Colorans,  Chromof  • 
sia. — s.  Dimidians,  Hemiopia — s.  Exclarans,  Oxy- 
opia —  s.  Fellis,  Icterus  —  s.  Lentis  crystallina_. 
Cataract — s.  Metamorphosis,  Metamorphopsia — ■ 
s.  Multiplicans,  see  Diplopia  —  s.  Myodes,  Meta- 
morphopsia— s.  Nigra,  Amaurosis  —  s.  Oeuli,  Ca- 
taract, Pseudoblepsia — s.  Oculorum,  Metamor- 
phopsia—  s.  Radians,  Scotasma  —  s.  Sanguinis, 
Ecchymoma. 

SUGAR,  Sacchnrum  —  s.  Barley,  Penidium  — 
s.  Candy,  Saccharuin  candidum — s.  Cane,  see 
Saccharum — s  Diabetic,  Glucose — s.  Fruit,  Glu- 
cose—  s.  Grape,  Glucose  —  s.  Honey,  Glucose  — 
s.  of  Lead,  Plumbi  superacetas. 

Sugar  of  Milk,  Sac'charum  lactis,  Galac'to- 
sac'chnrum,  Lactine,  (F.)  Sucre  de  Lait,  is  ob- 
tained from  whey  by  evaporation  and  crystalli- 
zation- It  possesses  the  demulcent  properties  of 
the  sugars. 


SUGARBEIIRY 


827 


SULPHURIC 


Sugar,  Pine,  see  Arrowroot — s.  Starch,  Glu- 
cose. 

Sugars,  Variotts,  see  Saccharum. 

SUGARBERRY,  Celtis  occidentalis. 

SUGGILXiA'TION,  SmjUla'tio,  Livor,  Sugilla- 
tioUf  (Ede'ma.  cruentum;  a  hrttise;  from  suffillare, 
'  to  give  a  black  eye.'  By  most  authors  used 
synonymously  with  ecchymosis  and  ecchymoma. 
It  is,  also,  applied  to  the  spots,  or  eechymoses 
which  occur  in  consequence  of  intrinsic  causes, — 
in  disease  and  in  incipient  putrefaction.  It  is 
common  in  dead  bodies.  To  this  last  case  it  is, 
indeed,  restricted  by  some  medico-legal  writers ; 
and  an  interesting  question  sometimes  arises  : — 
Whether  the  appearance  have  been  induced  be- 
fore death  or  afterwards  ?  Whether  it  be  a  case 
of  ecchymosis  or  of  sticfgillation  ?  In  the  former, 
the  extravasated  blood  will  usually  be  coagulated; 
not  so  in  the  latter.  It  is  often,  however,  di£B- 
cult  to  form  a  correct  judgment  without  reference 
to  the  history  of  the  case. 

SUGGRUN'DIUM,  perhaps  from  siiggredi, 
'  to  go  under.'     The  eave  of  a  house. 

SuGGRUNDiuir  OcuLi,  Superciliary  arch  —  s. 
Superciliorum,  Frontal  protuberance. 

SUICIDA,  Autochir. 

SUICIDAL  INSANITY,  Suicide. 

SU'ICIDE,  Sidci'dium  :  from  sni  ccedes,  'mur- 
der of  one's  self.'  The  act  of  killing  one's  self. 
Autochi' ria,  Autocton'ia,  Idiocton'ia,  Autophon'ia. 
Suicide  is  very  frequently  the  result  of  disease 
of  the  mind;  the  individual  seeming,  at  times,  to 
be  irresistibly  impelled  to  self-destruction.  —  Me- 
lancho'lia  Suicid'ium,  M.  autochi'ria,  /Suici'dal 
Insanity.     Also,  one  who  commits  self-murder. 

SUIE,  Fuligo. 

SUIF,  Sevum. 

SUITES  DE  COUCHES,  Lochia. 

SULCATUS,  Cannele,  Grooved. 

SULCULUS  LABII  SUPERIORIS,  Lacuna 
Labii  superioris. 

SULCUS,  Semicana'lis,  Semicanalic'ulits,  A 
furrow.  A  groove.  (F.)  SiUon.  Anatomists 
Lave  given  this  name  to  grooves  on  the  surface 
of  bones  and  other  organs. 

French  writers  on  anatomy  often  use  the  term 
Sillons  for  the  grooves  which  lodge  the  arteries 
and  creep  on  the  surface  of  bones ;  whilst  those 
that  receive  veins  are  called  goiittilres,  '  gutters.' 
Also,  the  vulva. 

Sulcus  Antero-posteeioe  Jecoris,  see  Liver 
— s.  Labii  superioris,  Lacuna  Labii  superioris. 

Sulcus,  Lat'eral,  ante'rior,  of  the  Spinal 
Marrow.  A  mere  trace  on  the  marrow,  marked 
only  by  the  attachment  of  the  filaments  of  the 
anterior  roots  of  the  spinal  nerves. 

Sulcus,  Lateral,  posterior,  of  the  Spinal 
Marrow,  corresponds  with  the  attachment  of  the 
posterior  roots  of  the  spinal  nerves. 

Sulcus  Trans versalis,  see  Liver — s.  Umbi- 

lic£llis    SGG    ijlVftT*. 

SULFATE  D'AMMONIAQUE,  Ammonige 
sulphas. 

SULFIDU]^  CARBONII,  Carbonis  sulphure- 
tum. 

SULFUR,  Sulphur. 

SULFURE  BE  CARBON,  Carbonis  sulphu- 
retum. 

SULPHAS  ALUMINARIS,  Alumen— s.  Am- 
moniacse  Cupratus,  Cuprum  ammoniatum  —  s. 
Cadmicus,  Cadmii  Sulphas  —  s.  Kalico-alumini- 
cum,  Alumen — s.  Natricus,  Soda,  sulphate  of — s. 
Zincicum,  Zinci  sulphas. 

SULPHUR,  Sulfur,  Scorith,  Thei'on,  Thion, 
Averieh,  Terra  folia' ta,  Fumtis  cit'rinus,  Aq'uila, 
Brimstone,  (F.)  Soufre.  The  Native  Sulphur  is 
called  Rock  Sulphur,  Sulphur  vivum,  &o.  Sul- 
phur, as  we  meet  with  it,  is  in  rolls,  Sulphur  in 


rot'idis,  S.  rotun'dum,  Roll  Brimstone.  It  is  a 
volcanic  production,  and  is  obtained,  in  large 
quantities,  from  Solfatara,  in  Italy.  Roll  Sulphur 
is  impure  sulphur,  melted,  and  run  into  moulds. 
It  is  unpleasantly  odorous,  when  heated  or  rub- 
bed ;  insipid ;  solid,  and  brittle.  S.  g.  1.99. 
Fusible  at  226°;  volatiliisable  by  heat,  and  con- 
densing unchanged. 

Sulphur  AnTImoniatcm,  Antimonii  sulphure- 
tum  prseclpitatum — s.  Carburet  of,  Carbonis  sul- 
phuretum — s.  Chloratum,  Sulphur,  Chloride  of. 

Sulphur,  Chloride  of,  Snl'phun's  Chlo'ridum, 
Sul'phuris  Dichlo'ridnm,  Dichlo'ride  of  Sidphnr, 
Protochlo'ride  of  Sulphur,  IJyp)ochlo'ride  of  Sul- 
phur, Subchlo'ride  of  Sulphur,  Sulphur  chlora'- 
tum,  Hi/poch lore' turn  snJphuro'sum,  Bisulph' nret 
of  Chlorine,  Chlorum  hypersulphnra'tum,  is  ob- 
tained by  passing  dry  chlorine  gas  over  washed 
and  dried  flowers  of  sulphur,  until  they  are  for 
the  most  part  dissolved,  and  distilling  the  de- 
canted fluid  from  the  excess  of  dissolved  sulphur. 
One  drachm  of  the  liquid  to  an  ounce  of  lard  has 
been  used  in  lepra,  psoriasis,  and  other  chronic 
cutaneous  diseases.  Ten  drops,  dissolved  in 
ether,  have  been  given  in  adynamic  fever. 

Sulphur,  Dichloride  of,  Sulphur,  chloride 
of— s.  Hypoehloride  of.  Sulphur,  chloride  of —  s. 
lodatum,  Sulphuris  iodidum  —  s.  Iodide  of,  Sul- 
phuris  iodidum — s.  loduret  of,  Sulphuris  iodidum 
^-  s.  Liver  of,  Potassse  sulphuretum. 

Sulphur  Lotum,  Sulphur  suhtima'tum  lotiim. 
Washed  Sulphur,  Ifagiste'rium  Sulj>h'uris,  Sul- 
phuris Flores  loti,  is  prepared  by  pouring  boil- 
ing water  on  sublimed  sulphur,  so  as  to  wash 
away  any  acid  it  may  contain,  and  then  drying  it. 

Sulphur  Pr^cipita'tum,  Lac  Sulph'uris,  Milk 
of  Sulphur,  Precip'itated  Suljihur,  (F.)  Creme  de 
Soufre,  is  prepared  by  boiling  sublimed  sulphur 
and  lime  together,  and  adding  muriatic  acid  to 
precipitate  the  sulphur. 

Sulphur,  Protochloride  of.  Sulphur,  chlo- 
ride of — s.  Subchloride  of.  Sulphur,  chloride  of. 

Sulphur  Sublima'tum,  Sulphur,  (Ph.  U.  S.) 
Sublimed  Sidphur,  Flowers  of  Sulphur,  (F.) 
Soufre  sublime,  Flevrs  de  Soufre,  is  the  sulphur 
of  commerce,  sublimed  in  close  vessels. 

Sulphur  is  possessed  of  stimulant,  laxative, 
and  diaphoretic  properties.  As  a  laxative,  it  is 
used  in  hemorrhoidal  and  other  affections.  In  the 
itch,  applied  externally  and  taken  internally,  it 
has  been  considered  as  a  specific  (?),  and  it  is  a 
valuable  remedy  in  most  cutaneous  affections  that 
are  local.     Dose,  ^[ss  to  3;ij. 

The  faeces  or  dregs,  left  in  the  purification  or 
sublimation  of  sulphur,  are  called  Horse  Brim- 
stone, Dregs  oj  Sulphur  vivum.  Sulphur  caballi'- 
num,  S.  vivum,  Sulphuris  vivi  recremen'ta.  They 
are  very  impure,  and  are  only  used  externally. 

Sulphur,  Vegetable,  Lycopodium — s.  Wort, 
Peucedanum. 

SULPHURATUS,  Sulphureous,  Sulphurated. 

SULPHU'REOUS,  Sulphuro'sus,  Sulphu'rius, 
Sulphura'tus,  Sulph'uretted.  Possessing  the  pro- 
perties of,  or  relating  to,  or  containing  sulphur. 

SULPHURETTED,  Sulphureous— s.  Hydro- 
gen, see  Hydrogen,  sulphuretted. 

SULPHURETUM  AMMONIAC^,  Ammoniaa 
sulphuretum — s.  Ammoniae  hydrogenatum, Liquor 
fumans  Boylii — s.  Kalicum,  Potassje  sulphuretum 
— s.  Lixiviae,  Potassae  sulphuretum. 

SULPH'URIC  ACID,  Ac"idum.  Sulplu'ricum 
vel  Sidfuricum,  Oleum  Vitrio'li,  Spir'it.us  Vitri- 
oli,  S.v.fortis,Acidum  vitriol'icum,  Oil  of  Vitriol, 
Spirit  of  Vitriol,  Vitriol'ic  Acid,  Acidum  Vitrioli 
dephlogistica' turn,  Acor  Sidphuris,  (F. )  Acide 
Sulpihurique  ou  Sidfurique.  Sulphuric  acid  is 
inodorous ;  has  a  strong  acid  taste,  and  is  corro  • 
sive.     S.  g.  1.845  (Ph.  U.  S.)     It  is  escharotio, 


SULPHURIS 


828 


SUPERFGECUNDATIO 


stimulant,  and  rubefacient.  Mixed  with  lard,  it  is 
sometimes  used  in  local  pains,  and  certain  cuta- 
neous aifections. 

Sulphuric  Acit),  Anon At'ic,  Ac"{dum  Sulphu'- 
rtcum  Aromat'icum,  A,  vitriol'icum  aromat'icum, 
A.  vitnolieum  alcoho'le  aromaticum,  Elixir  vitri- 
o'li,  E.  V.  aromaticum,  E.  vitrioli  3Iynsich'ti,  E. 
vitrioli  Edinhurgen'sium,  E.  vitrioli  cum  tinctu'rd 
aromaticd,  E.  vitrioli  dulce  seu  acido-aromat' i- 
cum,  Alcohol  cum  aromat'ibus  aidphurica'tus, 
Tinctu'ra  acidi  sidphurici,  is  formed  of  suljyhurio 
acid,  f^iijss;  ginger,  bruised,  ^j ;  cinnamon, 
bruised,  ^iss;  Alcohol,  Oij.  —  Ph.  U.  S.     Dose, 

gtt.  X  to  XXX. 

Sulphuric  Acid,  Dilu'ted,  Ae"idum  Sidphu'- 
ricuni  Dilu'tum,  Aeidum  vitriol' i cum  dilutum. 
Elixir  of  Vitriol,  Elixir  vitrio'li,  Spir'itus  vitri- 
o'li  ac"idu8  Vogle'ri,  (F.)  Acide  aulfurique  de- 
laye,  is  formed,  according  to  the  Pharmacopoeia 
of  the  United  States,  by  adding  aq.  destillat. 
f^xij,  to  acid,  sulph.  f^j.  It  is  tonic,  astringent, 
and  refrigerant.  Dose,  gtt.  x  to  xx,  largely  di- 
luted. When  used  as  a  gargle,  half  a  drachm 
may  be  added  to  §vj  of  water. 

Very  dilute  sulphuric  acid  was  formerly  termed 
Phlegma  vitrioli. 

SULPHURIS  CHLORIDUM,  Sulphur,  chlo- 
ride of — s.  Dichloridum,  Sulphur,  chloride  of. 

Sulph'uris  Io'didum,  ^S".  lodure' turn,  Sidphur 
loda'tum,  loduret  or  I'odide  of  Sulpihur,  (F.)  Sou- 
fre  lodure,  lodure  de  Soufre.  It  is  thus  directed 
to  be  prepared  in  the  Pharmacopoeia  of  the 
U.  S.  [lodin.  §iv ;  sulphur,  ^j.)  Rub  the  iodine 
and  sulphur  together  in  a  glass,  porcelain,  or 
marble  mortar,  until  they  are  thoroughly  mixed. 
Put  the  mixture  into  a  matrass,  close  the  orifice 
loosely,  and  apply  a  gentle  heat,  so  as  to  darken 
the  mass  without  melting  it.  When  the  colour 
has  become  uniformly  dark  throughout,  increase 
the  heat  so  as  to  melt  the  iodide ;  then  incline 
the  matrass  in  different  directions,  in  order  to  re- 
turn into  the  mass  any  portions  of  iodine  which 
may  have  condensed  on  the  inner  surface  of  the 
vessel :  lastly,  allow  the  matrass  to  cool,  break 
it,  and  put  the  iodide  into  bottles,  which  are  to 
be  well  stopped. 

SULPHURIUS,  Sulphureous. 
SULPHUROSUS,  Sulphureous. 
SULPHUROUS,  Sulphureous. 
Sul'phurous  Acid,  Ac'idum  sulphuros'icum, 
A.  sulph'uris  volat'ile,  A.  Sulphuro'sum  vel  Sul- 
furosum,  Spir'itus  sulphuris,  Spiritus  sulphuro'- 
SU8  volat'ilis,  Sp.  sulphuris  per  campa'nam,  Sp. 
vitrio'li  pMogistica'tus,  Gas  sulphuris,  (F.)  Acide 
Sulfureux,  Air  Acide  Vitriolique.  Obtained  by 
treating  mercury  with  concentrated  sulphuric 
acid,  or  by  burning  sulphur.  It  is  sometimes 
used  in  the  gaseous, — at  othei-s,  in  the  liquid 
state.  Sulphurous  acid  gas  is  used  to  disinfect 
cloths,  confined  air,  letters  coming  from  infected 
places,  &a.  It  is  also  exhibited,  with  great  suc- 
cess, in  the  form  of  fumigation,  in  the  treatment 
of  certain  chronic  cutaneoous  affections,  and  of 
eciatic  and  rheumatic  pains  in  general.  If  re- 
spired pure,  it  acts  in  the  manner  of  violent  irri- 
tants ;  and  is  not  long  in  producing  death. 

SULTZMALT,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Sultzmalt  is  a  village  in  the  department  of  the 
Upper  Pthine ;  where  are  several  sources  of  cold, 
acidulous  waters,  which  seem  to  contain  carbonic 
acid,  subearbonate  of  soda,  subcarbonate  of  lime, 
sulphate  of  lime,  and  a  little  bitumen.  They  are 
refrigerant,  aperient,  and  alterative. 

S'lrjIAO  DES  CORROYEURS,  Rhus  coria- 
ria — s.  VenSneux,  Rhus  toxicodendron. 
SUMACH,  Rhus  coriaria. 

SUMBUL.  The  name  of  a  root,  Sum'bvli  ra- 
dix, Jatamanai,  Musk  root,  presumed  to  belong 


to  the  UmbelliferEe  family,  much  employed  in 
Russia  and  Germany  against  cholera.  Its  exact 
botanical  history  is  not  determined.  It  contains 
a  strongly  odorous  principle  like  that  of  musk; 
and  is  regarded  as  an  antispasmodic. 
SUMBULI  RADIX,  Sumbul  root. 
SUMEN,  Hypogastrium. 

SUMMER  COMPLAINT.  A  popular  name 
in  the  United  States,  for  diarrhoea  occurring  in 
summer.  It  is  often,  also,  made  to  include  dj'- 
sentery  and  cholera  infantum.  With  some  it 
means  cholera  infantum  only. 

Summer  Diseases,  see  Estival  —  s.  Rash,  Li- 
chen tropicus. 

SUMMIT  AS  CUTIS,  Epidermis. 
SUMMU8  HUMERUS,  Acromion. 
SUNBURN,  Ephelides  —  s.  Dew,  Drosera  ro- 
tundifolia — s.  Flower,  false,  Helenium  autumnale 
—  s.  Flower,  swamp,  Helenium  autumnale  —  s. 
Flower,  tickweed.  Coreopsis  trichosperma  —  s. 
Flower,  turpentine,  Silphium  perfoliatum — s. 
Pain,  see  Hemicrania  —  s.  Rash,  Lichen  —  s. 
Stroke,  Coup  de  Soleil  —  s.  Egyptian,  Coup  de 
Soleil. 

SUPELLECTILE  DIOGENIS,  Palm. 
SUPELLEX  ANATOMICA,  Museum  anato- 
micum — s.  Diogenis,  Palm. 

SUPER.  A  common  Latin  prefix;  in  compo- 
sition, signifying  '  above.' 

SUPERBUS,  Rectus  superior  oculi. 
SUPERCHLORIDUM    FORMYLICUM, 
Chloroform. 

SUPERCILIARIS,  Corrugator  supercilii. 
SUPERCIL'IARY,  Supercilia'ris,  from  super, 
'  above,'   and  cilium,   '  the   edge   of  the   eyelid.' 
That  which  relates  to  the  supercilia  or  eyebrows. 
(F.)  Sourcilier  ou  Sureilier. 

Supercil'iabt  Arches,  Superciliart/  Ridges, 
Arcus  supercilia'res,  Sugyrun' dia  oculo'rum,  (F.) 
Arcades  sourcilih-es,  are  two  slightly  projecting 
apophyses,  situate  at  the  anterior  surface  of  the 
OS  frontis,  above  the  superior  margin  of  the  or- 
bits. They  are  separated  by  the  nasal  hosse,  and 
covered  by  the  superciliaris  muscle,  to  which 
they  give  attachment. 

Superciliary  Ridges,  Superciliary  arches. 
SUPERCIL'IUM,  Ojyhrys,  Oph'rya,  Vallum, 
(F.)  Sourcil.  Same  etymon.  The  ej'ebrows  are 
two  arched  eminences, — convex  above,  and  more 
or  less  prominent,  according  to  the  individual, — 
which  lie  on  the  superciliary  arch  of  the  os  fron- 
tis, above  the  eyelids,  and  extend  from  the  sides 
of  the  root  of  the  nose  to  the  temple.  Their  in- 
ner extremity  or  head  is  more  prominent  than 
the  outer  or  tail.  The  eyebrows  are  covered 
with  short  and  stiff  hairs,  which  are  directed,  ob- 
liquely, from  within  outwards,  and  are,  com- 
monly, of  the  colour  of  the  hair.  The  skin  in 
which  these  hairs  are  implanted,  rests  on  the  or- 
bicularis palpebrarum,  frontalis,  and  aupercilin- 
ris  muscles,  which  move  the  eyebrows  in  differ- 
ent directions.  The  eyebrows  serve  as  an  orna- 
ment to  the  countenance;  and  by  covering  the 
eye  defend  it  from  the  impression  of  too  strong 
a  light.  They  direct  the  perspiration  also  from 
the  eye. 

Supercilitjm  Acetab'uli.  The  edge  of  the 
cotyloid  cavity  of  the  os  innominatum. 

SUPERCONCEPTION,  see  Superfoetation. 
SUPEREVACUATIO,  Hypererisis. 
SUPERFECUNDATION,  see  Superfoetation. 
SUPERFICIA'LIS    COLLI,  Subcuta'ncus 
Colli.      A    nerve     formed     by    communicating 
branches   from   the   second   and    third    cervical 
nerves.     It  is  distributed  to  the  superficial  parts 
of  the  neck. 
SUPERFICIES  PLANTARIS  PEDIS,  Sole. 
SUPERF(ECUNDATIO,  Superfoetation. 


SUPEEFCETATIO 


829 


SUPRA-PUBIAN 


SUPERPCETATIO,  Superfoetation. 

SUPERFCETA'TION,  Snperfceta' tio,  Epieye'- 
tis,  Hypereye'sis,  Superimprmona' tio,  Epig'one, 
Svpierfoecunda  'tio,  Siiperfeeunda'tion,  Superim- 
pregna'tion,  from  sttper,  '  upon,'  and  fcetare,  '  to 
bring  forth  young.'  Conception  of  a  foetus — epi- 
tye'ma — in  a  uterus  which  already  contains  one. 
Ihe  impregnation  of  a  female  already  pregnant. 
The  possibility  of  this  has  been  denied ;  but  there 
Is  abundant  evidence  to  show,  that  it  is  possible 
at  a  very  early  period  of  pregnancy.  Twin  cases 
may  be  of  this  kind  of  siqierconception. 

SUPERGEMINALIS,  Epididymis. 

SUPERGENUALIS,  Patella. 

SUPERHUMERALE,  Epomis. 

SUPERIMPR^GNATIO,  Superfoetation. 

SUPERIOR  AURIS,  Attollens  aurem— s.  Ro- 
tundus  clitoridis,  Ischio-cavernous. 

SUPERLABIA,  Clitoris. 

SUPERLIGAMEN,  Epidesmus. 

SUPERLIGULA,  Epiglottis. 

SUPERNUTRITIO  LIENIS,  Splenoncus— s. 
Splenis,  Splenoncus. 

SUPEROXALAS  KALICUM,  Potass,  oxa- 
late of. 

SUPERPURGATIO,  Hypercatharsis. 

SUPERSCAPULARIS,  Supraspinatus— s.  In- 
ferior, Infra-spinatus. 

SUPINATEUB  COURT  ou  PETIT,  Supi- 
nator radii  brevis  —  s.  Grand  ou  long,  Supinator 
radii  longus. 

SUPINA'TION,  Supina'tio,  from  supimts,  'ly- 
ing on  the  back.'  The  movement  in  which  the 
forearm  and  hand  are  carried  outwards,  so  that 
the  anterior  surface  of  the  latter  becomes  superior. 

In  Pathology,  Supination,  Siipinatio,  Hyptias'- 
tna,  Hyptias'mus,  means  the  horizontal  position 
on  the  back,  with  the  head  thrown  back,  and  the 
legs  and  arms  extended.  It  is  often  a  sign  of 
great  weakness  in  disease. 

SUPINA'TOR.  Same  etymon.  That  which 
produces  supination.  A  name  given  to  two  mus- 
cles of  the  forearm. 

Supinator  Brevis  seu  Minor,  Supinator  radii 
brevis  —  s.  Longus  seu  major,  Supinator  radii 
longus. 

Supinator  Radii  Brevis,  ^S*.  brevis  seu  minor, 
(F.)  Epicondylo-radial  (Ch.),  Sttpinateiir  court 
ou  petit  supinateur,  A  muscle,  seated  at  the 
outer  and  back  part  of  the  forearm.  It  is  flat- 
tened, triangular,  and  curved  upon  itself,  in  such 
a  manner  that  it  embraces  the  superior  extremity 
of  the  radius.  It  is  attached,  on  the  one  hand, 
to  the  external  tuberosity  of  the  humerus,  and  to 
a  small  portion  of  the  posterior  surface  of  the 
ulna,  and  is  inserted  into  the  upper  third  of  the 
outer  and  upper  surfaces  of  the  radius.  It  pro- 
duces, by  contracting,  the  motion  of  supina- 
tion. 

Supinator  Radii  Longus,  S.  longus  sive  major, 
Bra' chio-7-adia' lis,  (F.)  Humero-sus-radial  (Ch.), 
Long  ou  grand  supinateur,  is  seated  at  the  ante- 
rior and  outer  part  of  the  forearm.  It  arises  from 
the  inferior  part  of  the  outer  edge  of  the  os 
humeri,  and  from  the  external  intermuscular 
aponeurosis;  and  is  inserted,  by  a  long  tendon, 
into  the  outer  edge  of  the  radius,  near  the  base 
of  the  styloid  process.  It  causes  the  supination 
of  the  forearm,  which  it  can  likewise  bend  on  the 
arm. 

SUPPEDAXEA,  Hypopodia. 

SUPPLANTALIA,  Hypopodia. 

SUPPLEMENTA  EPIPLOICA,  Epiploic  ap- 
pendages. 

SUPPLEMENTARY  AIR,  see  Respiration. 

SUPPORTER,  ABDOMINAL,  Belt,  Russian 
— s.  Utero- Abdominal,  see  Belt,  Russian. 


SUPPOSITION DE  PART,  Pregnancy,  pre- 
tended. 

SUPPOSITORIUM,  Suppository  —  s.  Uteri- 
num, Pessary. 

SUPPOS'ITORY,  Supposito'rium,  Hyp>otTi'~ 
eton,  Bacil'lus,  Balanis'mus,  Bal'anus,  Gluns, 
from  siipponere,  {sub,  and  ponere,  '  to  put,')  '  to 
put  under.'  Any  solid  medicine,  in  the  form  of  a 
cone  or  cylinder,  intended  to  be  introduced  into 
the  rectum  ,• — either  for  the  purpose  of  favouring 
intestinal  evacuations,  or  to  act  as  an  anodj'ne. 
Purgative  suppositories  are  made  of  soap,  aloes, 
or  any  other  irritating  substance. 

SUPPRESSIO  ALVI,  Constipation  —  s.  Lo- 
chiorum,  Ischolochia — s.  Lotii,  Ischuria — s.  Men- 
sium,  Amenorrhoea  —  s.  Menstruationis,  Amen- 
orrhoea — s.  Sudoris,  Ischidrosis. 

SUPPRESSION  BU  FLUX  MENSTRU- 
EL,  Amenorrhoea — s.  de  Part,  see  Parturition — 
s.  d' Urine,  Ischuria. 

SUPPURANS,  Suppurative. 

SUPPURA'TION,  Suppura'tio,  Eppye'ma,  Pv- 
rulen'tia,  Pyo'sis,  Pye'sis,  Diapye'ma,  Diapyc'- 
sis,  Pyogen'ia  simplex,  Pu'ridence,  Pu'rulency, 
(F.)  Aboutissement.  Formation  or  secretion  of 
pus,  (see,  also  Pyogenia,)  from  srib,  'under,'  and 
pus.  It  is  a  frequent  termination  of  inflamma- 
tion, and  may  occur  in  almost  any  of  the  tissues. 
This  termination  is  announced  by  slight  chills, 
by  remission  of  the  pain,  which,  from  being  lan- 
cinating, becomes  heavy ;  by  a  sense  of  weight 
in  the  part,  and,  when  the  collection  of  pus 
can  be  easily  felt,  by  fluctuation.  When  pus  is 
thus  formed  in  the  areolar  membrane,  and  is  col- 
lected in  one  or  more  cavities,  it  constitutes  an 
abscess.  If  it  be  formed  from  a  surface  exposed 
to  the  air,  it  is  an  ulcer :  and  such  ulcers  we  are 
in  the  habit  of  establishing  artificially  in  certain 
cases  of  disease. 

SUP'PURATIVE,  Suppu'rans,  Suppiirati'vus, 
Biapye'ticus,  Ecpyo'ticus,  Ecpyiscon'tus.  That 
which  facilitates  suppuration.  Suppuratives  are, 
generally,  vesicants  mixed  with  lard. 

SUPRA.  A  common  Latin  prefix  :  in  compo- 
sition, signifying  *  above.' 

SUPRA-COSTA'LES,  Levato'res  Costa'rum, 
(F.)  Sur-costaux,  from  supra,  'above,'  and  costa, 
'  a  rib.'  A  name  given  to  twelve  small,  fleshy 
fasciculi,  which  are  flattened,  triangular,  and  with 
radiating  fibres.  They  pass  from  the  transverse 
processes  of  the  dorsal  vertebras  to  the  superior 
margin  of  the  rib  beneath.  Spigelius,  Cowper, 
Boyer,  Chaussier,  and  others  consider  them  to 
form  part  of  the  intercostales  externi. 

SUPRA-OMPHALODYMIA,  see  Somatody- 
mia  —  s.  et  Infra-omphalodymia,  see  Somatody- 
mia. 

SUPRA-OR'BITAR,  Supra-orbita' lis,  Svpra- 
orbita'rius,  (F. )  Sus-orbitaire,fxov!i  supra,  'above,' 
and  orbita,  '  the  orbit.'  That  which  is  situate 
above  the  orbit. 

Supra-Or'bitar  Fora'men,  Fora'men  Supra- 
orbita' riiim,  F.  orbitarium  svpe'rius,  (F.)  Trou 
sus-orbitaire  ou  orbitaire  superieur,  is  a  foramen 
or  notch  completed  by  a  ligament  at  the  inner 
third  of  the  orbitar  arch.  It  gives  passage  to  the 
supra-orbitar  or  superciliary  artery,  a  branch  of 
the  ophthalmic,  which  ascends  the  forehead,  and 
is  distributed  thereto. 

SUPRA-PU'BIAN,  Supra-2mbic,  Supra-pn- 
bia'nus,  from  svpra,  and  pubes.  That  which  is 
seated  above  the  pubis. 

Supra-Pubian  Nerve,  (P.)  Nerf  sus-pubien, 
is  the  internal  ramus  of  the  inguino-cutaneous 
branch  of  the  first  lumbar  nerve.  It  is  the  genito- 
crural  branch  of  Bichat.  It  descends  almost  ver- 
tically bp-fore  the  psoas  muscle;  and,  near  the 
crural  arch,  divide."  into  two  branches.     One  of 


SUPRA-RENAL 


830 


SUS-CARPIEN 


ttiese  accompanies  the  spermatic  cord,  and  is 
distributed  to  the  cremaster,  scrotum,  and  inte- 
guments on  the  inner  part  of  the  thigh.  The 
other  issues  from  the  pelvis  with  the  femoral  fila- 
ments ;  traverses  the  aponeurosis  of  the  thigh, 
and  is  distributed  to  the  integuments  of  the  upper 
and  anterior  part  of  the  limb. 

SUPRA-RE'NAL,  Supra-rena'lis,  (F.)  Surre- 
nal,  from  supra,  '  above,'  and  ren,  '  the  kidney.' 
Seated  above  the  kidney — as  the  supra-renal  cap- 
sule. 

SUPR^-SCAPULAR;  Supra-scapnla'ris;  from 
supra,  'above,'  and  scapula.  Seated  above  the 
scapula ;  —  as 

StTPRA-scAPTJLAR  Nerve.  This  arises  from 
the  fifth  cervical;  passes  through  the  supra-sca- 
pular notch,  and  is  distributed  to  the  supra-spi- 
natus  and  infra-spinatus  muscles. 

SUPRA-SCAPULARIS,  Supra-scapular,  and 
Supraspinatus  muscle. 

SUPRA-  SEMIORBICULARIS,  Orbicularis 
oris. 

SUPRA-SPINA'TUS,  Supra-spino'sus,  (F.) 
Sur-6j}i'nenx,  Sus-epineux,  from  supra,  and  spina. 
That  which  is  seated  above  the  spine. 

StiPRA-SPlNATA  Fossa,  (F.)  Fosse  sns-epineuse, 
is  a  triangular  depression  above  the  spine  of  the 
scapula.  ' 

Supra-Spinatus  Muscle,  Super-scapula' ris, 
Sitpra-scapularis,  (  F. )  Sus  -  spina  -  scapula  -  tro- 
chUerien,  Petit  sus-scapulo-trochiterien  (Ch.),  is 
situate  in  the  fossa  supra-spinata.  It  is  elon- 
gated, thick,  and  triangulai,  and  is  attached,  on 
the  one  hand,  to  the  two  inner  thirds  of  the  fossa 
supra-spinata ;  and  terminates,  on  the  other,  at 
the  anterior  part  of  the  great  tuberosity  of  the 
humerus.     This  muscle  raises  the  arm. 

Supra -Spino'sa  Ligamen'ta,  Supra -spinal 
lig'aments,  are  two  in  number.  1.  The  Dorso- 
lumho-supra-spinal  ligament,  (F.)  Ligament  sur- 
epineux  dorso-lomhaire,  extending  above  the  spi- 
nous processes  of  the  dorsal  and  lumbar  vertebrte 
from  the  7th  cervical  as  far  as  the  median  crista 
of  the  sacrum.  2.  Cervieal-supra-tpinal  ligament, 
(F.)  Ligament-sur-epineux  cervical,  which  ex- 
tends above  all  the  cervical  spinous  processes, 
and  is  attached,  above,  to  the  outer  occipital  pro- 
tuberance. 

SUE,  Supra.  A  French  prefix,  signifying 
*  above.' 

SURA,  Gastrocne'me,  Gastrocne'mia,  Gastroc- 
ne'mium;  calf  of  the  leg,  (F.)  Mollet,  Gras  de 
Jamhe.  The  projection,  formed  at  the  posterior 
part  of  the  leg  by  the  gastrocnemii  muscles. 
Also,  the  fibula. 

SURCILIER,  Corrugator  supercilii,  Superci- 
liary. 

SUROOSTAUX,  Supracostales. 

SURCULI  FELLEI,  Fori  biliarii, 

SURCULUS,  Ramusculus. 

SURDENT  (¥.),  supra,  'above,'  and  dens,  'a 
t*)0th.'  When  a  milk-tooth  does  not  fall  out  at 
the  period  of  the  second  dentition,  but  is  merely 
♦breed  to  one  side  by  the  new  tooth,  it  is  called  a 
aurdent. 

SURDITAS,  Cophosis,  Deafness. 

SURDITE,  Cophosis,  Deafness. 

SURDOMUTITAS,  Deaf-dumbness. 

SURE  ATI  COJfjrUA'',  Sambucus. 

SURELLE,  Oxalis  acetosella. 

SUREPTNEUX,  Supra-spinatus.       • 

SUR-EXCITATION,  see  Excitement,  and  Su- 
per-excitation. 

SURFEIT,  Coliea  erapulosa. 

SURGEON,  Chirur'geon  ;  old  French,  Surgien, 
Chiro'nax,  Chirur'gus,  Vul'nerum  med'icus,  Chei- 
ria'ter,  Ohiria'ter,  Pdtrus,  ( F.)  Chirurgien,  from 
'j(^ctp, '  the  hand,'  and  cpyov, '  work.*  One  who  prac- 


tises surgery.  The  surgeon,  says  Celsus,  ought 
to  be  young,  or,  at  all  events,  not  advanced  in 
life.  His  hand  must  be  steady,  expert,  and  never 
tremulous:  he  must  use  the  rigbt  or  left  with 
equal  facility  :  his  sight  must  be  clear  and  pene- 
trating:  his  mind  intrepid;  and  although  un- 
moved when  he  proceeds  to  operate,  he  must  not 
be  in  haste,  nor  cut  less  than  is  necessary,  but 
finish  his  operation,  as  if  the  cries  of  the  patient 
made  no  impression  upon  him. 

In  the  middle  ages,  the  Universities  of  Italy 
and  Spain  sent  out  educated  surgeons,  as  well  as 
physicians,  under  the  name  chirurgi-pihysici. 

SURGEON-APOTH'ECARY.  One  who  unites 
the  practice  of  surgery  with  that  of  the  apothe- 
cary.    A  general  practitioner. 

SURGEON-DENTIST,  Dentist. 

SUR'GEONCY.     The  office  of  a  surgeon. 

SUR'GERY,  Chirur'gia,  Chiriatri'a,Cheirix'i», 
Ghi'risis,  Chirix'is,  Ckiris'mus,  Metacheirix'is, 
Metachi'risis,  lletachiris'mus,  Tracta'tio  mnnua'- 
ria,  Medici' na  operati'va,  Medici' yia  ef'ficax,  (F.) 
Chirurgie.  The  part  of  the  healing  art  which 
relates  to  external  diseases ;  their  treatment ; 
and,  especially,  to  the  manual  operations  adapted 
for  their  cure.     Also,  the  ofiice  of  a  surgeon. 

Surgery,  Anaplastic,  Morioplastice  —  s.  Au- 
toplastic, Morioplastice  —  s.  Dental,  Dentistry. 

Surgery,  Mil'itary,  (F.)  Chirurgie  militaire, 
is  that  which  relates  to  the  operations  to  be  per- 
formed on  the  field  of  battle,  or  subsequently ;  — 
with  the  attention  to  be  paid  to  the  wounded,  &e. 

Surgery,  Op'erative,  is  termed  Aciur'gia, 
Acur'gia,  and  Acidur'gia,  (F.)  Medecine  operu- 
toire. 

Surgery,  Plastic,  Morioplastice. 

SUR'GICAL,  Chirur'gicus,  (F.)  Chirurgical, 
Chirurgique.  That  which  relates  to  surgery ;  as 
surgical  anatomy,  surgical  operations,  surgical 
instruments,  <fec. 

SURG /EX,  Surgeon. 

SURIN AMINE,  see  Geofi'rsea  Surinamensis. 

SUR-IRRITATIOX,  see  Irritation. 

SUROXYGEXESES.  A  name  given  by 
Baumes  to  diseases  attributed  by  him  to  super- 
abundance of  oxygen. 

SURE E A  U,  Epidermis. 

SURRECTA  ALBA,  Ranunculus  flammula. 

SUR-REXAL,  Supra-renal. 

SURROGATUM,  Succedaneum. 

SURSELS,  see  Salt 

SUR  TO  UTS  LIGA3IEXTEUX  DE  LA  00- 
LOXXE  VERTEBRALE,  Vertebral  ligaments. 

SURVMPE  (S.)  A  disease  to  which  the  tra- 
veller in  the  Cordilleras  is  liable.  It  consists  of 
a  violent  inflammation  of  the  eyes,  caused  by  the 
reflection  of  the  bright  rays  of  the  sun.  The  eyes 
become  highly  inflamed,  and  the  lids  swell  and 
bleed.  The  pain  is  intense,  and  frequently  in- 
duces delirium.  —  Tschudi. 

SUR  VIE,  Survivorship. 

SURVI'VORSHIP,  (F.)  Survie,  from  super- 
vivere,  (super,  and  vivere,)  (F.)  survivre,  'to  livo 
longer.'  In  legal  medicine,  this  word  means  the 
probability  that  any  individual  has  survived 
others  in  an  accident,  which  has  been  fatal  to  all. 
This  is  often  an  important  question,  connected 
with  the  inheritance  of  property,  and  on  which 
physiology  can  rarely  afford  more  than  presump- 
tive grounds  for  conclusion. 

SUS,  Supra.  A  French  prefix,  signifying 
*  above.'  ^ 

SUS- A  OR  OMTO-HUiVERAL,  Deltoid. 

SUS-CARPIEX;  from  sus,  (F.)  'above,' and 
co?7;e, 'the  wrist.'  Above  the  wrist.  An  epithet 
given  by  Chaussier  to  the  dorsal  artery  of  the 
wrist — Artere  sus-carpienne  —  a  branch  of  the 
ladial. 


SUS-tPINEUX 


831 


SUTURE 


SUS-EPINEUX,  Supra-spinatus— s.  MaxUlo- 
lahial,  Levator  anguli  oris  —  s.  Maxillo-lahial, 
grand,  Levator  labii  superioris  aljsque  nasi  —  s. 
Maxillo-lahial  moyen,  Levator  labii  superioris 
proprius  — -  s.  3Iaxillo-nasal,  Compressor  naris  — 
«.  Omphalodymie,  see  Somatodymia  —  s.  Optico- 
epheno-scleroticien,  Rectus  superior  oculi — s.  Or- 
bi'taire,  Supra-orbitar — s.  Phalangien  du  pouce, 
Abductor  pollicis  brevis — s.  Puhio-femoral,  Pec- 
tinalis — s.  Seapxdo-troehiterien,  le  plus  petit, 
Teres  minor  —  s.  Scnpxdo-trochiterien,  petit,  Su- 
pra-spinatus —  s.  Spino-scapido-trochiterien,  Su- 
pra-spinatus. 

SUSCEPTIBIL'ITY,  Facm  suscipiens,  (sub 
or  SKS,  and  capio,  '  I  take/)  *  easily  taking,  or 
undertaking.'  Sensibility,  in  its  most  enlarged 
acceptation.  Impressibility.  This  term,  with  the 
epithet  nervous,  is  sometimes  used  for  that  in- 
crease in  the  moral  sensibility  which  is  particu- 
larly observed  in  nervous  aifections. 

SUSCEPTIO  INTESTINORUM,  Intussuscep- 
tion. 

SUSPENDICULUM,  Cremaster. 
SUSPENSA,  Enfsorema. 
SUSPENSOIRE,  Suspensory. 
SUSPENSORIUM,  Suspensory— s.  Testis, 
Cremaster. 

SUSPEN'SORT,  Suspenso' rius,  from  suspen- 
dere,  (sub  or  sus,  'under,'  smd pevdere,  'to  hang,') 
*  to  hang  under.'  (E.)  Suspensoire.  That  which 
sustains  or  suspends. 

Suspensory  Bandage,  Suspe7iso'rium,is  a  ban- 
dage intended  to  support  the  scrotum,  in  cases 
of  disease  of  the  testicle  or  of  scrotal  hernia.  It 
consists  of  a  kind  of  bag,  fixed  above  to  a  cinc- 
ture, and  retained  below  by  strings  passing  be- 
tween the  thighs,  and  fixed  to  the  cincture  be- 
hind. 

SrsPENSOHT  Ligament  op  the  Liveh,  Ziga- 
men'tiim  suspenso' rium  he'pntis,  Perpendic' rdum 
he'patis,  is  a  triangular  duplicature  of  the  perito- 
neum, between  the  inferior  surftiee  of  the  dia- 
phragm and  the  upper  surface  of  the  liver,  which 
Is  continuous  with  the  great  falx  of  the  umbilical 
vein. 

Suspensory  Ligament  op  the  Penis  is  a  fibro- 
cellular  fascia,  of  a  triangular  shape,  which  ex- 
tends from  the  anterior  part  of  the  symphysis 
pubis  to  the  corpus  cavernosum,  which  it  sustains. 
A  similar  ligament  belongs  to  the  clitoris. 

SUSPENSUM,  Enasorema— s.  Urin^,  Enceo- 
rema. 

SUSPIRATION,  Suspirium. 
SUSPIRATUS,  Suspirium. 
SUSPIRITUS,  Suspirium. 

SUSPIR'IUM,  Sus2nra'tio,  Suspira'tus,  Sus- 
tnr'itus,  from  sub  or  sus,  'under,'  and  spiro,  'I 
breathe  j'  Mygm-us,  Mych'mus,  Mychthis'mus,  Ste- 
nag'mus,  Stenax'ia,  Sigh,  Suspira'tion,  (F.)  Soii- 
pir,  A  short  breathing.  A  slow,  voluntary 
contraction  of  the  diaphragm  and  intercostal 
muscles,  the  effect  of  which  is  to  restore  the  due 
relation  between  the  circulation  and  respiration, 
or  to  free  ourselves  from  an  inconvenient  sense 
of  weight  felt  in  the  chest,  when  we  are  much 
depressed,—  a  weight,  which  appears  to  be  chiefly 
dependent  on* the  functions  of  the  heart  being 
disturbed  through  the  moral  influence.  The  sigh 
differs  from  the  sob  :  —  the  latter  being  involun- 
tary and  spasmodic.  Sighing,  occurring  in  fevers 
to  a  great  extent,  indicates  considerable  depres- 
sion. When  accompanied  with  a  vocal  sound,  it 
constitutes  a  groan. 

Suspip.iUM  (jARDiActTM,  Angina  pectoris. 
SUSTENTACULUM,  Aliment. 
_  SUSTENTATOR  CLITORIDIS,  Erector  clito- 
ridis  —  s.  Penis,  Erector  penis. 
SUSURRATION,  Whispering. 


SUSURRUS,  Bourdonnement :  —  s.  Aurium, 
Tinnitus  aurium. 

SUTELA,  Suture. 

SUTERBERRY,  Xanthoxylum  fraxineum. 

SUTORIUS,  Saitorius. 

SUTTER,  Saccharum. 

SUTURA  ABDOMINALIS,  Gastroraphy  — 
s.  Areualis,  Coronal  suture  —  s.  Eiparietalis,  Sa- 
gittal suture  —  s.  Clavata,  Suture,  quilled  —  s. 
Corporis  callosi  externa,  see  Raphe — ■  s.  Cranii 
squamosa.  Squamous  suture  —  s.  Dentata,  see 
Suture  —  s.  Frontoparietalis,  Coronal  suture  — s. 
Jugalis,  Sagittal  suture — s.  Lambdoidalis,  Lamb- 
daid  suture  —  s.  Limbosa,  see  Suture  —  s.  Lepi- 
doides,  Squamous  suture  —  s.  Mendosa,  Squa- 
mous suture  —  s.  Notha,  see  Suture  —  s.  Obeltea, 
Sagittal  suture  —  s.  Ossium  Spuria,  Harmony  — 
s.  Prora3,  Lambdoid  suture — s.  Punctata,  Suture, 
common  —  s.  Puppis,  Coronal  suture  —  s.  Rhab- 
doides.  Sagittal  suture  —  s.  Serrata,  see  Suture, 
Sagittal  suture  —  s.  Vera,  see  Suture. 

SUTURAL,  Sutura'lis  /  same  etymon  as  the 
next.     Relating  to  a  suture. 

SUTURE,  Sutu'ra,  Sute'la,  Arme,  Ehaplie, 
from  suere,  sutum,  'to  stitch;'  Dove-tail  joint,  (P.) 
Engrenure.  A  kind  of  immovable  articulation, 
in  which  the  bones  unite  by  means  of  serrated 
edges,  which  are,  as  it  were,  dove-tailed  into  each 
other.  The  articulations  of  the  greater  part  of 
the  bones  of  the  scull  are  of  this  kind.  The 
coronal,  lambdoidal,  and  sagittal  sutures  are 
called  true  sutures,  the  two  temporal  are  called 
false  sutures,  suturce  nothee. 

A  dentated  sttture  —  Sutu'ra  denta'ta  —  is  one 
in  which  the  processes  are  long  and  dentiform, 
as  in  the  interparietal  suture.  In  a  serrated 
suture  —  sutu'ra  seu  syntax' is  serra'ta  —  the  in- 
dentations and  processes  are  small  and  fine,  like 
the  teeth  of  a  saw,  as  in  the  suture  between  the 
two  portions  of  the  frontal  bone.  In  the  sutu'ra 
limbo'sa  there  is  along  with  the  dentated  mar- 
gins a  degree  of  bevelling  of  one,  so  that  one 
bone  rests  on  the  other,  as  in  the  occipito-parie- 
tal  suture. 

Suture,  in  Surgery,  Eha'pthe,  means  an  opera- 
tion which  consists  in  stitching  the  lips  of  a  wound 
to  procure  their  union.  The  suture  was,  at  one 
time,  largely  employed;  but,  in  modern  times, 
its  use  has  been  wisely  restricted.  There  are  few 
wounds  in  which  the  edges  may  not  be  brought 
together  by  adhesive  plaster  appropriately  ap- 
plied. This  kind  of  union,  by  adhesive  plaster 
simply,  has  been  absurdly  termed  Suttira  sicca 
or  dry  suture,  in  opposition  to  the  Sutura  cruenta 
or  suture  properly  so  called.  The  suture  is  gene- 
rally performed  with  waxed  thread  and  straight 
or  curved  needles,  according  to  the  arrangement 
of  parts. 

The  chief  sutures  are  the  interrupted  suture, 
the  quilled  suture,  the  glover's  suture,  and  the 
tioisted  suture.  1.  The  Interrup'ted  Suture, 
(F.)  Suture  d  points  se2)ares.  Suture  entrecoupee, 
is  performed  by  passing  a  needle,  armed  with  a 
ligature,  through  the  lips  of  the  wound  previ- 
ously brought  into  contact;  and  then  tying  the 
extremities  of  the  thread.  The  other  stitches 
are  made  in  the  same  manner.  They  are  sepa- 
rate or  interrupted.  It  is  the  suture  most  com- 
monly used.  2.  The  Quilled  Suture,  Sutura 
clava'ta,  (F.)  Suture  encJievillee  ou  emjjlumee  ou 
empennee,  Compound  Suture,  is  merely  the  inter- 
rupted suture,  with  this  difference,  that  the  liga- 
tures are  not  tied  over  the  face  of  the  wound,  but 
over  two  quills  or  rolls  of  plaster,  or  bougies, 
which  are  laid  along  the  sides  of  the  wound.  It 
is  used  by  some  surgeons,  on  account  of  there 
being  less  danger  of  the  stitches  tearing  out.  It 
is  not  much  employed.     3.  The  Glover's  So- 


SWAB 


832 


SYCOSIS 


TUEE,  Contin' uecl  Suture,  Uninterrup' ted  Suture, 
(F.)  Suture  de  Pelletier,  Suture  en  aurget,  is  exe- 
puted  by  introducing  the  needle  iirst  into  one  lip 
of  the  wound  from  within  outwards,  then  into 
the  other  in  the  same  way ;  and,  in  this  manner, 
sewing  up  the  whole  extent  of  the  wound.  It 
has  been  chiefly  used  in  wounds  of  the  intestinal 
canal.  It  is  now  rarely  employed  except  for 
stitching  up  dead  bodies.  The  common  stitch  or 
suture,  Sutura  puneta'ta,  (F.)  Suture  d  points 
passes,  has  been  used  in  similar  cases.  4.  The 
Rov-AL  Stitch  or  Suture  is  the  name  of  an  old 
operation  for  the  cure  of  bubonocele.  It  con- 
sisted in  putting  a  ligature  under  the  hernial  sac, 
dose  to  the  abdominal  ring,  and  then  tying  that 
part  of  the  sac,  so  as  to  render  it  impervious  by 
the  adhesive  inflammation  thus  excited.  5.  The 
Tv/iSTED  Suture,  (F.)  Suture  entortillee,  is  em- 
ployed, chiefly,  to  unite  wounds  of  the  cheeks 
and  of  the  free  edges  of  the  lips.  To  perform  it, 
a  pin  or  needle  is  passed  through  the  edges  of 
the  wound,  so  as  to  keep  them  accurately  in 
contact.  A  piece  of  thread  is  then  wound  accu- 
rately around  the  pin,  from  one  side  of  the  divi- 
sion to  the  other,  in  the  form  of  the  figure  co. 
The  number  of  pins  and  sutures  must,  of  course, 
correspond  with  the  extent  of  the  wound.  This 
is  the  suture  used  in  cases  of  harelip.  6.  The 
SUTURE  A  ANSE,  of  Le  Dran,  has  only  been 
employed  in  cases  of  wounds  of  the  intestines. 
For  this  purpose,  the  edges  of  the  wound  are 
brought  together,  and  as  many  needles,  with  un- 
waxed  threads,  used  as  there  are  to  be  stitches. 
Each  stitch  is  then  made  by  passing  a  needle 
through  the  edges ;  and  all  the  ligatures  which 
belong  to  one  side  of  the  wound  are  tied  toge- 
ther, and  twisted  so  as  to  form  a  thread,  which  is 
fixed  externally. 

Suture,  Coiipound,  Suture,  quilled  —  s.  Con- 
tinued, Suture,  glover's  —  s.  Ecailleuse,  Squa- 
mous suture  —  s.  Empennee,  Suture,  quilled — s. 
Emplumee,  Suture,  quilled  —  s.  EncJievillee,  Su- 
ture, quilled — s.  Entortillee,  Suture,  twisted — s. 
Entrecoupee,  Suture,  interrupted — s.  False,  Har- 
mony—  s.  Occipiitale,  Lambdoid  suture  —  s.  Oc- 
cipito-parietal,  Lambdoid  suture — s.  de  Pelletier, 
Suture,  glover's  —  s.  d  Points  passes,  Suture, 
common — s.  d  Points  separes.  Suture,  interrupted 
— s.  Sagittal,  see  Sagittal  suture  —  s.  Squameuse, 
Squamous  suture  —  s.  en  Surgef,  Suture,  glover's 
— s.  Superficial,  Harmony — s.  Uninterrupted,  see 
Suture,  glover's. 

SWAIS,  from  Sax.  rpebban,  '  to  clean  with  a 
mop.'  A  piece  of  sponge  or  rag  tied  to  a  rod  of 
whalebone  or  wood,  for  cleansing  the  mouth  of 
the  sick,  or  applying  remedial  agents  to  deep- 
seated  parts. 

SWADDLING  CLOTHES,  Swathing  clothes. 
SWAGBELLY,  Physconia. 
SWALLOW,    Hirundo  — s.  Wort,   Asclepias 
vinoetoxicum  —  s.  Wort,  orange,  Asclepias  tube- 
rosa  —  Wort,  tuberous-rooted,  Asclepias  tuberosa 
— s.  Wort,  white,  Asclepias  vinoetoxicum. 
SWALLOW'S  NEST,  Nidus  hirundinis. 
SWAMP  CABBAGE,  Dracontium  foetidum  — 
s.  Dogwood,  Petela  trifoliata  —  s.  Sickness,  Milk 
sickness  —  s.  Wood,  Cephalanthus   occidentalis, 
Dirca  palusins. 

SWATHING  CLOTHES,  Swaddling  Clothes, 
Jncnnab'ula,  Fascia,  Panni,  from  Sax.  y  DeSan, 
•w  bind.'  (F.)  Maillot.  The  kind  of  clothing 
or  bandaging  formerly  applied  to  children  dur- 
ing the  first  year  of  life.  It  is  now,  properly, 
laid  aside,  and  every  freedom  allowed  to  muscu- 
lar exertion. 

SV/EAT,  Sudor — s.  Bloody,  Sudor  cruentus  — 
«.  Glands,  see  Perspiration  —  s.  Boot,  Polemo- 
ulum  reptans  —  s.  Scab,  Crusta  genu  equinte. 


SWEATING,  Hidrosis— s.  Bath,  Achicolum— 
s.  of  Blood,  see  Diapedesis,  and  Sudor  cruentus— 
s.  House,  Achicolum — s.  Plant,  Eupatorium  per- 
foliatum  —  s.  Room,  Achicolum — s.  Sickness,  Su 
dor  Anglicus. 

Sweating  Sickness,  Malwah.  A  disease 
which  appears  to  be  allied  to  the  worst  form  of 
cholera,  and  to  bear  a  close  relation  to  malignant 
congestive  fever.  As  its  name  imports,  it  occurs 
in  Malwah  in  India. 

SWEET  BITTER,  Triostcum— s.  Bush,  Comp- 
tonia  asplenifolia  —  s.  Fern,  Comptonia  aspleni- 
folia  —  s.  Flag,  Acorus  calamus — s.  Pod,  Cerato- 
nium  siliqua  —  s.  Root,  Aralia  nudicaulis. 

SWELLING,  Epanaste'ma,  Exar'ma,  Exoede'- 
sis,  Presis,  Prcsma,  Oncus,  Extumcfac'tio,  Tumor, 
Tumefae'tio,  (F.)  Enflure,  Gonflement,  from  Sax, 
j-pellan,  (D.)  swellen  (G.)  schwellen,  'to 
swell.'  Morbid  increase  of  bulk  in  the  whole,  or 
a  part,  of  the  body.     See  Tumour. 

Swelling,  White,  Hydrarthrus. 

SWERTIA  CHIRAYITA,  Gentiana  chirayitii 
—  s.  Difformis,  see  Calumba  —  s.  Frasera,  see 
Calumba  —  s.  Lutea,  Gentiana  lutea. 

SWIETE'NIA  FEBRIF'UGA,  S.  So'mida, 
Soym'ida,  S.  Fehrif'uga,  Feh'ri/uge  Swiete'nia, 
{'¥.)  Mahogan  febrifuge.  Family,  MeWa.a&^id.  Sex. 
Si/st.  Decandria  Monogynia.  The  bark  of  this 
tree,  which  is  a  native  of  the  East  Indies,  and 
called  there  llohena  Bark,  has  an  aromatic  odour 
and  bitter  taste.  It  is  tonic  and  stomachic,  and 
has  been  used  in  tntermittents,  and  in  diseases 
where  bitter  tonics  are  indicated.  Dose,  Qj  to 
^ij  of  the  powder. 

Swiete'nia  Mahog'ani,  Cedrus  Ilalwg'ani, 
3faJiogani/  Tree,  grows  in  the  West  Indies  and 
tropical  America,  and  is  possessed  of  similar  pro- 
perties. 

Swietenia  Somida,  S.  Febrifuga. 

SWIMBLADDER,  Airbladder. 

SWIMMING,  Natation  — s.  Bladder,  Airblad- 
der—  s.  of  the  Head,  Vertigo. 

SWOON,  Svncope. 

SWOONING,  Syncope. 

SYALADENI"riS,  Inflamma'tio  glandula'. 
rum  saliva'lium,  from  cnaXov,  '  saliva,  a6r;v,  '  a 
gland,'  and  itis,  denoting  inflammation.  Inflam- 
mation of  the  salivary  glands. 

SYCAMINOS,  Morus  nigra. 

SYCAMINUM,  see  Morus  nigra. 

SYCE,  Fieus,  Ficus  carica. 

SYCEA,  Ficus. 

SYCEPH'ALUS,  from  aw,  'with,'  and  KcipaXn, 
'  head.'  A  monster  having  two  heads  united  to- 
gether. 

SY'CION,  avKtov,  from  cvkov,  '  a  fig.'  A  decoc- 
tion of  dried  figs. 

SY'CIOS  ANGULA'TUS.  One-seeded  star 
cucumber,  Wild  Bry'ony.  The  roots  and  seeds 
of  this  indigenous  plant.  Order  Cucurbitaceae, 
are  bitter,  purgative  and  diuretic.  It  is  used  hi 
dropsy  in  the  same  cases  as  bryony. 

SYCI'TES,  from  avKov,  'a fig.'  Wine,  in  which 
figs  have  been  infused. 

SvciTES,  Catorchites. 

SYCOMA,  Ficus. 

SYCO'SIS.  Same  etymon.  A  tumour  of  the 
shape  of  a  fig.  Also,  a  fungous  ulcer.  A  horny 
excrescence  about  the  eyelids.  Dr.  Bateman 
defines  it : — an  eruption  of  inflamed  but  not  very 
hard  tubercles  occurring  on  the  bearded  portion 
of  the  face  and  on  the  scalp,  in  adults  ,•  and 
usually  clustering  together  in  irregular  patches  ; 
—  Phyma  Sycosis,  Rose'ola  fico'sa.  Of  this  he 
has  given  two  species:  1.  Sycosis  Menti,  S.  barbm, 
Men' tagra,  Menti'go,  Varus  Men'tagra,  Chimcelk, 
Barber's  Itch,  (F.)  Dartre  puatuleuic  Pienta</re  i 


SYCUM 


833 


SYMPHYSEOTOMY 


and,    2.   Si/eoais    Capil'U,    S.    Capillh'u.       The 
treatment,  in  both   cases,  resembles  that  for  por- 
rigo  favosa. 
Sycosis,  Ficus. 
SYGUM,  Ficiis. 
SYDERATIO,  Sideratio. 
SYLLEPSIS,  Conception. 

SYLLEPSIOLOG"IA,  from  av\\r,^ig,  'con- 
ception,' and  Xoyoi,  '  a  description.'  The  doc- 
trine of  conception. 

SYM,  SYN,  uvv,  'with,  together,'  like  the  cum, 
con,  col,  cor,  &c.,  of  the  Latins.  A  common 
prefix.  Before  h,  p,  ph,  p-i,  and  m,  —  si/m,  or 
a-yn,  is  changed  into  s7/m  or  xym,  (com;)  before 
c,  eh,  g,  k,  and  x,  into  syn  or  xyn,  cvy,  |uy,  (con  ;) 
before  I  into  syl  or  xyl,  (col ;)  before  ;•  into  syr  or 
xyr  (cor;)  and  before  s  into  sy  or  xy,  and  sys,  (co 
and  cos. 

SYMBLEPHARON,  Ankyloblepharon. 
SYMBLEPHARO'SIS,    Concre'tio  palpehra'- 
rum    cum    hulbo    oc'uli,    from    ovv,    'with,'    and 
/3X£(ia/)ov,  '  an  eyelid.'     A  preternatural  adhesion 
between  the  eyelids  ;  and  especially  between  the 
upper  eyelid  and  globe  of  the  eye. 
Si'MBLEPHATtosis,  Ankyloblepharon. 
SYMBOL,  Sym'holum,  Okorac'ter,  (F.)  Carac- 
iKre,  from  o-ii/j/3uAAa)   {aw,   'with,'  and  /SuXXw,   'I 
throw'),  '  I  compare.'     A  sign  or  representation 
of  something  else. 

The  following  are  the  symbols  used  in  pre- 
ncriptions : 

JJ,  Recipe.     See  R. 
gr.,   Granum,  a  grain. 
J3;  Scrupulus  sen  serupulum,  a  scruple. 
^,  Drachma,  a  drachm. 
i^,    Uneia,  an  ounce, 
lb.  Libra,  a  pound. 
TTl,  Minimum,  a  miniva. 
f.^,  Fluidrachma,  a  fluidraehm. 
f^,  Fluidimcia,  a  fluidounce. 
0,    Octarixis,  a  pint. 
C,   Congius,  a  gallon. 
SYMBOLE,  Commissure. 
SYMBOLEUSIS,  Consultation. 
SYMBOLISMUS,  Sympathy. 
SYMBOLIZATIO,  Sympathy. 
SYMBOLOGICA,  Symptomatology. 
SYMBOLUM,  Sympathy. 
SYM'MELES,  from  cw,  'with,  and  fteXo^,  'an 
extremity.'  Mon'opus.  A  genus  of  monsters  whose 
extremities  are  joined  together:  Sirens.  —  L  G. 
St.  Hilaire. 

SYMMETRIA,  Symmetry'. 
S  Y M M  E  T '  R I C  A  L,  Symmet'n'ctis,  crvftfisTpog, 
from  cvv,  '  with,'  and  jicrpuv,  '  to  measure.'  An 
ep"thct  given  to  those  parts  of  the  body,  which, 
if  =eated  on  the  median  line,  may  be  divided  into 
two  equal,  and  perfectly  like  halves  ;  or  which — 
if  situate,  the  one  to  the  right,  the  other  to  the 
left  of  this  line  —  have  a  similar  conformation, 
and  a  perfectl}'  analogous  arrangement. 
Symmetrical  Diseases,  see  Symmetry. 
SYM'METRY,  Symmet'ria,  Commen'sum,  3Tem- 
hro'rum  Om'nium  Comiieten'tia,  Propor'tio.  The 
regularity  in  form,  observed  in  many  parts,  situ- 
ate on  the  median  line ;  and,  also,  the  resemblance 
which  exists  between  many  organs  that  are  situ- 
ate on  each  side  of  the  median  line.  Bichat  first 
noticed  that  this  symmetry  was  confined  to  the 
organs  of  animal  life ;  as  the  head,  brain,  spine, 
organs  of  sense,  locomotion,  Ac. 

It  has  been  afiirmed  —  and  there  is  evidence  in 
favour  of  the  assertion  —  to  be  a  law  of  the  ani- 
mal economy,  that,  when  uninfluenced  by  dis- 
turbing agents,  all  general  or  constitutional  dis- 
eases afiFect  equally  and  similarly  the  correspond- 
53 


ing  parts  of  the  two  sides  of  the  body.  Thix  lias 
been  called  the  Symmetry  of  Dineanes ;  and  t*s9 
resulting  diseases  are  said  to  he  symmetrictd. 

SYMMETRY  OF  DISEASES,  see  Symmetry. 

SYMPARATERESIS,  Observation. 

SYMPASMA,  Catapasma. 

SYMPATHESIS,  Sympathy. 

SYMPATHET'IC,  Symimth'icvs,  SympatJieti- 
ens,  (F.)  Sympathique,  from  a-vv,  'with,'  and  iraSas, 
' suffering.'  That  which  depends  on  sympathy. 
S.ympathetic  afiections  of  an  organ  are  those 
morbid  phenomena  that  supervene  without  any 
morbific  cause  acting  directly  on  it,  and  by  the 
reaction  of  another  organ  primarily  afi'ected. 
Thus,  itching  of  the  nose  is  a  sympathetic  affec- 
tion, produced  by  irritation  in  the  intestinal 
canal. 

The  epithet  symp)athet\e  is,  also,  given  to  dif- 
ferent nerves.  See  Trisplanchnic,  Pneumogas- 
trie,  and  Facial. 

Sympathetic,  Great,  Trisplanchnic  nerve — s. 
Middle,  Pneumogastric. 

Sympathetic  Powdep.,  Pulvis  sympathet'icus 
of  Sir  Kenelm  Digiby,  was  composed  of  calcined 
sulphate  of  iron,  prepared  in  a  particular  manner. 
It  was  long  supposed  to  be  able  to  cure  a  wound, 
if  applied  to  the  weapon  that  inflicted  it;  or  even 
to  a  portion  of  the  bloody  clothes.  It  is  proper 
to  remark,  however,  that  the  wound  itself  was 
carefully  excluded  from  the  air,  and  from  all  irri- 
tation. 

SYMPATHETICUS  MINOR,  Facial  nerve. 

SYMPATHETISMUS,  Sympathy. 

SYMPATHIA,  Consent  of  parts. 

SYMPATHICUS,  Sympathetic. 
.   ^'FJ/Pyir/T'/Qf/JS',  Sympathetic. 

SYM'PATHY,  Sympathi'a,  Sympathe'sis,  Com- 
pas'sio,  Consensria,  Sym2}athetis' intis,  Xympathi' a, 
Conflux'io,  Conspira'tio,  Commer'cium,  Consor'- 
tium,  Jlomoiopathi'a,  Homoeth'nia,  Adelphix'is, 
Symholis'mus,  Symholiza'tio,  Syrd'bolum.  The  con- 
nexion that  exists  between  the  action  of  two  or 
more  organs,  more  or  less  distant  from  each 
other;  so  that  the  affection  of  the  first  is  trans- 
mitted, secondarily,  to  the  others,  or  to  one  of 
the  others,  by  means  unknown.  A  knowledge 
of  the  particular  sympathies  between  difi"erent 
organs  throws  light  on  the  etiology  of  diseases, 
their  seat,  and  the  particular  organ  towards  which 
our  therapeutical  means  should  be  du-ected.  See 
Irritation. 

SYMPEPSIS,  Coction. 

SYMPEXIS,  Concretion. 

SYMPHORA,  Congestion. 

SYMPHOREMA,  Congestion. 

SYMPHORESIS,  Congestion. 

SYMPHORICAR'PUS  RACEMO'SUS,  Snow- 
berry,  An  indigenous  plant.  Order  Caprifoliaceas, 
Tribe  Lonicerai,  v.-hose  berries  are  large,  bright 
white,  and  remain  till  winter;  flowering  from 
June  to  September.  The  root  is  tonic  and  as- 
tringent, and  has  been  used  in  ague;  and  by  the 
Indians  in  syphilis. 

SYMPHYIA.  Symphysis. 

SYMPHYOCEPH'ALUS,  Metop'ages,  CepTxa- 
lop'ages,  from  avjxipvT];,  '  united  together,'  and 
Kz(pa\ri,  'head.'  A  monstrosity  in  which  twins 
are  united  by  the  head. 

SYMPHYSEOT'OMY,  Symphysot'omy,  Syn- 
chondrot'omy,  Symphyseotom'ia,  Symphysiotojn'm, 
from  cvfitpvais,  and  te/jvco,  'I  cut.'  The  operation 
or  section  of  the  Symphysis,  Sigaultian  operation, 
Sigaidtian  section.  This  operation  is  performed 
with  the  view  of  augmenting  the  diameter  of  the 
pelvis,  in  order  to  facilitate  delivery  in  certain 
cases  of  faulty  conformation  of  that  cavity,  with 
wedging  of  the  head  of  the  child  therein.  To 
perform  the  operation,  fF.)  Df.sy-irpl'yser,  the  f©- 


SYMPHTSIA 


834 


SYNCOPE 


male  is  placed  on  her  back;  the  pubes  i?  sbaved; 
and,  with  a  strong  scalpel,  the  soft  parts  are  di- 
vided on  the  median  line.  The  articulation  is 
then  cut.  As  soon  as  the  fibrous  parts,  ■which 
hold  the  hones  together,  are  divided,  they  sepa- 
rate to  a  certain  distance  from  each  other;  and 
the  delivery  may  be  accomplished.  The  knife, 
with  which  the  operation  is  performed,  is  called, 
by  the  French,  Coitteau  symphysien. 

SYMPHYS'IA,  from  avjjitpvci?,  'a  growing  to- 
gether.' A  malformation  consisting  in  the  union 
of  parts  that  are  usually  divided.  —  Breschet. 
SYMPHYSIOTOMIA,  Symphyseotomy. 
SYM'PHYSIS,  Symphy'ia,  Coahscen'tia,  Co- 
al'iiut,  from  av)x(j>vii>  (aw,  'with,'  and  (j>vij>,  'I 
grow'),  '  I  unite  together.'  A  union  of  bones. 
The  bond  of  such  union.  The  aggregate  of 
means  used  for  retaining  bones  in  situ  in  the 
articulations.  The  name  symphysis  has,  how- 
ever, been  more  particularly  appropriated  to  cer- 
tain articulations;  as  to  the  symphysis  pubis, 
gacro-iliac  symphysis,  &c.     See  Monster. 

Symphysis,  Coalescence,   Commissure,  Inser- 
tion—  s.  Cartilaginea,  Synchondrosis  —  s.  Liga- 
mentosa,   Syndesmosis  —  s.    Ossium    muscularis, 
Syssarcosis — ^s.  Pubis,  Pubic  articulation. 
SYMPHYSOTOMY,  Symphyseotomy. 
SYMPHYTOS,  Hereditary. 
SYM'PHYTUM.     Same  etymon.    Symphytum 
officina'le  seu  album  seu  Bohe'rnicnm,  Oonsol'ida 
■Miijnr,    Comfrey,   Alum,  Alus,   (F.)   Grande  Con- 
soude.     Family,  Boraginese.     Sex.  Syst.  Pentan- 
dria  Monogynia.      The  roots  of  this  European 
plant  are  very  mucilaginous,  and  are  employed 
as   emollients.     They  are  used  in   decoction  in 
hemoptysis,  dysentery,  chronic  diarrhoea,  &c. 

Symphytum,  Solidago  virgaurea  —  s.  Album, 
Symphytum  —  s.  Bohemicum,  Symphytum  —  s. 
Minimum,  Bellis  —  s.  Minus,  Prunella  —  s.  Offi- 
cinale, Symphytum. 

Syhphy'TUM  Petr.e'um,  Coris  Monspelien'sis, 
Montpel'lier  Coris.  An  intensely  bitter  and  nau- 
seous plant,  which  is  said  to  have  been  useful  in 
syphilis.     See,  also,  Sanicula. 

SYMPLOCARP'US  ANGUSTISPATHA, 
Dracontium  angustispatha  —  s.  Foetida,  Dracon- 
tium  foetidum. 

SYMPOD'IA,  Monopod'ia,  from  aw,  'together,' 
and  TTouf,  Txoios,  'a  foot.'  A  monstrosity  in 
which  there  is  coalescence  of  the  lower  extre- 
mities. 

SYMPTOM,  Sympto'ma,  Ac'cidens,  Casus,  from 
cvv,  'with,'  and  -nTuyiia,  'a  fall,'  from  jriTrro),  'I 
fall.'  Any  change,  perceptible  to  the  senses,  in 
any  organ  or  function,  which  is  connected  with 
morbific  infiueuce.  It  is  by  the  aggregate  and 
Buccession  of  symptoms  that  a  disease  is  detected. 
The  term  symptom^!  of  symptoms  has  been  used 
for  the  effects  which  result  from  the  symptoms 
of  a  disease  ;  but  which  effects  are  not  essentially 
connected  with  the  disease  itself.  Thus,  the  de- 
bility arising  from  the  frequency  of  evacuations 
in  dysentery  is  a  symptom  of  symptoms.     See 

^  SYMPTOMA  T UR PIT UD INI S,  Nympho- 
mania. 

SYMPTOMAT'IC,  Symptomnf  ieus.  Thatwhich 
is  a  symptom  of  some  other  afi"ection.  Thus  we 
Fpeak  of  a  symptomatic  disease,  in  opposition  to 
one  that  is  idiopathic. 

S Y M  P  T  0  M  AT  0  L'OG-Y,  Symptomntolor/"ia, 
Symb'd(iff"icri,  from  av^nrTwfia,  'a  symptom,'  and 
Aoyof,  'a  treatise.'  The  branch  of  patliology,  the 
object  of  which  is  the  knowledge  of  symptoms. 

SYMPTO'SIS,  from  aw,  'with,'  and  ffiTrru,  'I 
fall  '  TJepressi^m  or  collapse,  emaciation  or  atro- 
j  by,  either  of  the  whole  body  or  of  a  part. 


SYNiEREMA,  Corrugation. 
SYN^TION,  Concausa. 

SYNANCHE,  Cynanche,  Cynanche  tonsillaria. 
SYNANCIE,  Cynanche. 
SYNAPHYMENITIS,  see  Ophthalmia, 
SYNAPTASE,  see  Amygdalin. 
SYNARTHRODIA,  Synarthrosis. 
SYNARTHRO'DIAL,    Synartlirodia'lis,  from 
aw,   'with,'  and  ajj&^wan,    'articulation.'     That 
which  belongs  to  synarthrosis ;  as  Synarthrodial 
articidation. 

SYNARTHRO'SIS,  Synarthro'dia,  Abarticti- 
la'tio,  Coarticula'tio.  An  immovable  articulation. 
Synarthrosis  includes  three  species  :  Suture,  Har- 
mony, and  Gomphosis, 

SYNATHROESIS,  Congestion. 
SYNATHROISMUS,  Congestion. 
SYNCAN'THUS,  from  aw,  'with,'  and  KavBog, 
'the  corner  of  the  eye.'     A  morbid  adhesion  be- 
tween the  globe  of  the  eye  and  the  orbit. 

SYNCHONBRO'SIS,  Sym'physis  seu  Cop'ula 
seu  Conncx'io  cartilagiii'ea,  Choitdrosyndesm' us, 
from  aw,  '  with,'  and  x°'^^P°^'  '  ^  cartilage.' 
LTnion  or  articulation  of  bones  by  means  of  car- 
tilage :  —  as  the  articulations  of  the  ribs  with  the 
sternum,  by  means  of  their  cartilages  of  prolon- 
gation. 

SYNCHONDROTOMY,  Symphyseotomy. 
SYNCHRONIUS,  Synchronous. 
SYN'CHRONOUS,  Syn'chronus,  Synchron'ius, 
Tsoch'ronoxts,  from  aw,  'with,'  and  y(povog,  'time.' 
That  which  occurs  at  the  same  time.  Thus  the 
pulsations  of  an  artery  may  be  synchronous  with 
those  of  the  heart. 

SYNCHRONUS,  Synchronous. 
SYNCHYSIS,  Confusion. 
SYNCIPUT,  Sinciput. 
SYNCLONESIS,  Synclonus. 
SYN'CLONUS,   Synclone'sis,   from  avyKXovto), 
(aw,  '  with,'  and  kXoveo),  '  I  shake,')  '  I  shake  to- 
gether.'    Clon'ici  tiniversa'les,   Clonus,   (Young.) 
Tremulous,  simultaneous,  and  chronic  agitation 
of  various  muscles,  especially  when  excited  by 
the  will.     Also,  general  spasm,  spas'mus  univer- 
sa'lis.     See  Tremor,  Chorea,  <fec. 

Synclonus  Ballismus,  Paralysis  agitans  —  s, 
Beriberia,  Beriberi — s.  Chorea,  Chorea  —  s.  Ra- 
phania,  Raphania — s.  Saltans,  Chorea  —  s.  Tre- 
mor, Tremor. 

SYNCOMIS'TUS,  from  avyKoiii^w,  (aw,  and 
Ko/xi^u),)  'I  bring  together.'  Autopj'yros,  Punis 
domes'ticus,  secundarius,  ciba'rius,  confusa'neus. 
Bread  of  the  whole  wheat  or  of  the  unsifted  meal. 
Household  bread.  Also,  a  cataplasm  made  of  the 
same. 

SYN'COPAL,  Syncopa'lis,  Syncop'ticus,  Syn- 
cop'tus.  Same  etymon  as  Syncope ;  as  Syn'copal 
Fever,  Febris  Syncojm'lis.  A  pernicious  inter- 
mittent, characterized  by  repeated  attacks  of 
syncope. 

SYN'COPE,  from  avyKOTTTui,  '1  fall  down.' 
An'imi  de/ec'tio,  Animi  deli'quium,Lc)'popsych'ia, 
Lipopsych'ia,  Apsych'ia,  Ajisyx'ia,  Lipsis  An'imi, 
Asphyx'ia,  Apop)sych'ia,  Lipothym'ia,  Leipothym'- 
ia,  Fclips'is,  Sn'bitns  animi  casus,  Su^oon,  Swoon- 
ing, Fainting,  Fainting  fit,  Faintness,  Exolu'tion, 
(  F.  )  Evanouissement,  Defaillanee,  Pamoison. 
Complete  and,  commonly,  sudden  loss  of  sensa- 
tion and  motion,  with  considerable  diminution, 
or  entire  suspension  of  the  pulsations  of  the 
heart  and  the  respiratory  movements.  Syncope 
is,  commonly,  an  affection  of  no  consequence; 
but,  sometimes,  it  is  an  index  of  diseased  heart. 
Placing  the  patient  in  the  horizontal  posture; 
sprinkling  cold  water  over  the  face,  and  the  ap- 
plieatiou  of  volatile  substances  to  the  nose,  are 


SYNCOPTICUS 


835 


SYNOVIAL 


all  that  will  be  required  during  the  fit.     See  As- 
phyxia, and  Suffocation. 

An  approach  to  this  condition  is  termed /a  uit- 
ishness. 

Syncope  Angina,  Angina  pectoris  —  s.  Angi- 
nosa,  Angina  pectoris. 

SYNCOPTICUS,  Syncopal. 

SYNCOPTUS,  Syncopal. 

SYNCRITICA,  Astringents. 

SYNDACTYLUS,  Asehistodactylus. 

SYNDESMI'TIS,  see  Ophthalmia.  Also,  in- 
flammation of  articular  ligaments;  Inflamma'tio 
lif/ameiito'riim. 

SYNDESMOG'RAPHY,  Syndesmograph'ia, 
from  avvleanoi,  'a  ligament,'  and  ypaiprj,  'a  de- 
scription.' A  description  of  the  ligaments.  The 
part  of  anatomy  which  describes  the  ligaments. 

SYNDESMOL'OGY,  SijndesmoJog" ia,  from 
mivScaiio;,  'a  ligament,'  and  ^oyoi,  'a  treatise, 
discourse.'     A  treatise  on  the  ligaments. 

SYNDES'MO-PHARYNGEUS.  A  fasciculus 
of  the  constrictor  pharyngis  superior. 

SYNDESMOS,  Ligament. 

SYNDESMO'SIS,  Synneuro'sis,  St/nymen'esis, 
Connex'io  seu  Sym'physis  ligamento' sa,  Commis'- 
su'ra  ner'vea,  Connerva'tio,  Colliga'tio,  from  cvv- 
Rtajxaq,  '  ligament.'  The  articulation  of  tv^o  or 
more  bones  by  means  of  ligament;  —  as  of  the 
radius  with  the  ulna. 

SYNDESMOT'OMY,  Syndesmatoni'ia,  from 
avvhajio?,  'ligament,'  and  TCfivoi,  'I  cut  or  dis- 
sect.'    Dissection  of  the  ligaments. 

SYNDESMUS,  Bandage,  Ligament. 

SYN'DROMB,  from  aw,  'with,'  and  hpofio^,  *a 
course.'  Concur'nus,  Concourse.  A  name  given 
by  the  Empirical  Sect  to  the  union  of  symptoms 
■which  takes  place  in  diseases.  Syndrome  pleiho'- 
rica,  for  example,  meant  the  union  of  symptoms 
produced  by  plethora. 

SYNDYASMUS,  Coition. 

SYNECHES,  see  Continued  fever. 

SYNECHI'A,  from  aw,  'with,'  and  txtiv,  'to 
have,'  or  'to  hold.'  Adhesion  between  the  iris 
and  transparent  cornea,  or  between  the  iris  and 
crystalline  lens.  The  former  case  is  called  Syne- 
chia ante'rior:  the  latter,  S.  poste'rior. 

SYNENERGIA,  Synergy. 

SYNERGIA,  Synergy. 

SYNERGTE,  Synergy, 

SYN'ERGY,  Synergi'a,  Synenergi'a,  (F.)  Sy- 
nergie;  from  cruv,  'with,'  and  spyov,  'work.'  A 
correlation  or  concourse  of  action  between  dififer- 
eut  jrgans  in  health;  and,  according  to  some,  in 
di'^ease. 

SYn'eSIS,  Intellect. 

SYNEUROSIS,  Syndesmosis. 

SYNEZI'ZIS,  Synize'sis,  Considen'tia,  from 
(rov,  'with,'  and  ^zvyvvuv,  'to  join.'  Parop'sis 
Synizesis,  Cali'go  d  Synizeai,  Caligo  Pupil'lcE, 
Imper/ora'tio  pupillcB,  Closure  or  occlu'sion  or 
oblttera'tion  of  the  Pupil,  Phthisis  Piipil'lcB, 
Amyo'sis.  This  disease  is  sometimes  faulty  con- 
formation, depending  upon  the  continued  exist- 
ence of  the  membrana  pupillaris,  or  the  absence 
of  the  pupil.  It  is,  in  other  words,  congenital. 
At  other  times,  it  is  owing  to  accident,  and  su- 
pervenes on  violent  ophthalmia,  or  on  the  opera- 
tion for  cataract.  They  who  are  affected  with 
synezizis  are  completely  blind;  —  the  iris  having 
no  central  aperture.  In  certain  cases,  a  remedy 
may  be  obtained  by  making  an  opening  in  the 
iris,  which  may  supply  the  place  of  the  pupil, 
and  through  which  the  rays  of  light  may  reach 
the  retina.  This  operation  is  called  the  operation 
for  artificial  pupil. 
BYNGENES,  Hereditary. 


SYNGENICITS.  Congenital. 
SYN  HYMENESIS,  Synymenesis. 
SYNIMBNESIS,  Synymenesis. 
SYNIZESIS,  Considentia,  Synezisis. 
SYNNEUROSIS,  Syndesmosis. 
SYN'OCHA,   from    avvix<^,   {aw,  and  sxo>,  'I 
have  or  hold,')  'I  continue.'     In fi am' matory  Fe- 
ver,  Dynam'ic    Fever,   Angiop'yrn,    Sthenop'yra, 
Febris  causo'des,  F.  caumato'des,  Fehris  deu'rens, 
F.   ardens,   Febris   contin'ua    sanguin'ea,   Febris 
contin'ua  non  putris,  Syn'ochua   (Vogel),  Fehris 
acmas'tiea,    Synochus   impu'tris    (Galen,)    Fehris 
acu'ta,  F.    acu'ta    sanguin'ea,    F.    con'tinens,  F. 
continens  non  pu'trida,  F.  angioten'ica,  F.  stheni- 
ca,  F.  sanguin'ea,  Homot'onos,  F.  inflammato'ria, 
Ene'cia  cauma,  Enecia,  F.  ton'ica,  Phlogop'yrus, 
Cauma,  Calentwa  continua,  (F.)  Fievre  ardente, 
F.  continente  inflammatoire,   F.  sanguine,  F.  ir- 
ritative, F.  angeiotenique,  F.  inflammatoire,  Gas- 
tro-enterite    intense.    General    inflammation.       A 
species  of  continued  fever,  characterized  by  in- 
creased heat ;    and  by  quick,   strong,  and  hard 
pulse  ;  urine  high-coloured ;  disturbance  of  mind 
slight.      It  requires,  of  course,  the  most  active 
treatment. 

Synocha  Rhetimatica,  Ptheumatism,  acute — s. 
Vaccina,  Vaccina. 

SYN'OCHAL,  Synoeha'lis;  same  etymon.  Re- 
lating to,  or  having  the  characters  of,  synocha. 

SYN'OCHUS,  Ene'cia  syn'ochus,  Febris  lenta, 
(Linnaeus,)  same  etymon.  Continued  fever,  com- 
pounded of  synocha  and  typhus:  —  in  its  com- 
mencement often  resembling  the  former;  in  its 
progress,  the  latter :  Ifixed  fever.  Common  con- 
tinued fever,  Syn'ochoid  fever.  See  Continued 
fever,  Fever,  and  Typhus. 

Synochus,  Synocha — s.  Biliosa,  Fever,  gastric. 
Fever,  bilious — s.  Catarrhalis,  Influenza — s.  Icte- 
rodes,  Fever,  yellow — s.  Imputris,  Synocha — s. 
Miliaria,  Miliary  fever — s.  Varicella,  Varicella. 

SYNOLCE,  Spasm. 

SYNONIA,  Synovia. 

SYNOSTEOG'RAPHY,  ;S'y?!OS«eo^m'j9^?'a, from 
aw,  'with,'  oartov,  a  'bone,'  and  Ypa(pb>,  'I  de- 
scribe.' The  part  of  anatomy  which  describes 
the  joints. 

SYNOSTEOL'OGY,  Synosteolog"ia,  from  aw, 
'with,'  oarcov,  'a  bone,'  and  Xoyos,  'a  treatise.'  A 
treatise  on  the  joints. 

SYNOSTEO'SIS,  Synosfo'sis,  from  aw,  'with,' 
and  narecj,  'a  bone.     Union  by  means  of  bone. 

SYNOSTEOT'OMY,  Synosteotom'ia,  from  aw, 
'with,'  oarcov,  'a  bone,'  and  tcjivuv,  'to  cut.' 
Dissection  of  the  joints. 

SYNOSTOSIS,  Synosteosis. 

SYNO'VIA,  from  aw,  'with,'  and  wov,  'an 
egg.'  3/ucila'go,  Un'guen  articula're,  Syno'nia, 
Axun'gia  articnla'ris,  Unguen'tum  seu  Smegma 
articida're,  3/ucila'go  articulo'runi  senjunctura'- 
rum,  Humor  articnla'ris,  Hydrarthrua,  ffum.orse\l 
Hu'midum  nati'vum  seu  Gluten  articulo'runi  (F.) 
Synovie.  A  fluid  resembling  the  white  of  egg, 
which  is  exhaled  by  the  synovial  membranes 
surrounding  the  moveable  articulations.  Tho 
synovia  has  been  found,  on  analysis,  to  consist 
of  water,  a  little  albumen,  soda,  chloride  of  so- 
dium, phosphate  of  lime,  and — Fourcroy  fancied 
— uric  acid.  Its  use  is  to  lubricate  the  joints,  and 
the  sheaths  in  which  tendons  play. 

SYNO'VIAL,  Synovia'lis.  That  which  relates 
to  the  synovia. 

Synovial  Glands,  Havers's  Glands,  Gland'ulee 
artictda'res,  G.  Synovia'les,  G.  Haversia'nce,  are 
the  secretory  fringes,  which  float  in  the  interioi 
of  the  synovial  capsules  (see  Capsules.)  They 
do  not  seem  to  be  glandular.    They  have  besn 


SYNOVITIS 


836 


SYRINGE 


called  Syno'vial  Jtm'hricB,  (F.)  Franges  synovi- 
ales. 

SYNOVI'TIS;  from  Synovia,  and  itis,  a  ter- 
tQination  denotiag  inflammation.  A  term,  badly 
compounded,  applied  at  times  to  inflammation 
of  the  synovial  membrane. 

Synovitis  Eheumatismalis,  Rheumatism, 
(acute.) 

SYN'TASIS,  (TvvTacxig,  from  awTeivw,  {<rvv,  and 
Tui'U),  '1  stretch/)  'I  strain.'  Tension  of  parts: 
hence  cvvTariKa,  are  medicines  which  render  parts 
tense.  Syntex'is,  on  the  other  hand,  means  Ool/i- 
qua'tio,  or  wasting  of  the  body;  from  avv-ijKu), 
'  1  melt  together.' 

SYNTAXIS,  Articulation,  Reduction,  Taxis — 
S.  Serrata,  see  Suture. 

SYNTECOPYRA,  Hectic  fever. 

SYNTEGTYCOPYRA,  Hectic  fever. 

SYNTENO'SIS,  from  aw,  'with,'  and  tsvojv, 
'  a  tendon.'  A  species  of  articulation  in  which 
two  bones  are  joined  by  means  of  tendon;  as  the 
sesamoid  bones  with  the  toes,  the  rotula  with  the 
tibia,  &c. 

SYNTERESIS,  Prophylaxis. 

SYNTERETICUS,  Prophylactic. 

SYNTEXIS,  Colliquation,  Consumption. 

SYNTHENA.  A  term  employed  by  Paracel- 
sus to  designate  a  species  of  epilepsy,  accompanied 
by  cardialgia  and  tormina. 

SYN'THESIS,  Beu'nio,  'composition  or 
putting  together,'  from  aw,  and  TtSniit,  '  I  place.' 
A  surgical  operation,  which  consists  in  uniting 
pvrts  that  are  divided ;  and  approximating  such 
as  are  separated  or  distant  from  each  other,  JRe- 
11,'nio  2>f(r'«tM»i  separata'rum,  Syn'thesis  of  con- 
tinu'ity,  means  the  union  of  the  edges  of  a  wound, 
or  the  approximation  of  the  extremities  of  a  frac- 
tured bone.  Synthesis  of  contiyu'ity  is  the  reduc- 
tion of  displaced  organs ;  as  in  cases  of  hernia 
and  luxations. 

Synthesis,  Composition. 

SYNTHETIS'MUS,  same  etymon.  The  ag- 
gregate of  operations  and  means  for  reducing  a 
lractu;e,  and  maintaining  it  reduced:  —  compris- 
iQg  ertension,  counter-extension,  coaptation,  and 
bandrging. 

SYNTRIMMA,  Contritio. 

SYl^rXRIPSIS,  Contritio. 

SYNTROPHOS,  Connutritus. 

SYNULOSIS,  Cicatrization. 

SYNULOTICA,  Cicatrisantia. 

SYXUSIA,  Coition. 

SY]S.YMWR'E,^l'&,Syn'hyme'nesis,Synime'nesis, 
from  aw,  '  with,'  and  'v/jltiv,  '  a  membrane.'  Union 
of  bones  by  membrane,  as  in  the  case  of  the 
bones  of  the  head  in  the  foetus. 

Synymenesis,  Syndesmosis. 

SYPHAR,  Peritoneum. 

SYPHILIDES,  Syijhili'da,  (F.)  Dermo-sypM- 
lides,  Dermatosiea  veroleiises.  Same  etymon  as 
Syphilis.  The  cutaneous  eruptions  that  accom- 
pany constitutional  syphilis  are  so  denominated 
by  the  French  writers. 

'SYPHILIDIA'TER,  Syiihilidia'trua,  from  Sy- 
philis, and  larpog,  '  a  physician.'  A  pox  doctor. 
One  who  occupies  himself  in  treating  syphilis. 

SYPHILID OMANI A,  Syphilomania. 

SYPHYLIPHO'BIA;  from  Syphilis  and  ^oiiog, 
'dread/  A  morbid  dread  of  syphilis,  giving  rise 
to  fancied  symptoms  of  the  disease :  a  form  of  hy- 
p;>chondriasis. 

SYPH'ILIS,  Morhus  GaVlicuB,  Siphilis,  Sy- 
philis'mus,  Cachex'ia  venerea,  Cachochym'ia  Ve- 
tie'rea,  Malum  vene'reum,  Mor'hua  Ital'icus,  M. 
ITispan'icus,  Pudeii'dagra,  Lues,  Me'vium,  Lues 
vens'-^efl,  Lues  syphilis,  Morhus  aphrodis' ins,  Sy- 


pihiUs  venerea,  S.  maligna,  Morhus  NeapoUta'nnt, 
Morhus  In'dieus,  Patursa,  Basilis'cus,  Bocb,  Sod'- 
oma  GaUo'rum;  Venereal,  Venereal  Disease,  Pox, 
French  Pox;  (F.)  Verole,  Maladie  venerienne, 
Mai  de  Naples,  Mai  Frani^ais,  Maladie  de  Venus, 
The  etymology  of  syphilis  is  unknown.  Soiae 
consider  it  to  proceed  from  avs,  'a  hog;'  and 
others,  from  ai.(l>oi, — formed,  by  contraction,  from 
aLTtakog,  'shameful,'  'dirty,'  &c.  It  is  an  infec- 
tious disease,  communicable  by  coition,  or  by  the 
contact  of  parts  that  are  only  lined  with  a  thin 
epidermis;  as  the  lips,  nipple,  &c.  It  generally 
makes  its  first  appearance  by  a  chancre,  followed 
sooner  or  later  by  a  bubo.  The  chancre  is  a  pri~ 
mary  symptom  or  sore;  but  there  are  others 
which  are  secondary  or  constitutional.  These 
are:  —  ulcers  in  the  throat;  copper- coloured 
blotches  on  the  skin;  pains  in  the  bones,  nodes, 
&c. :  the  last  are  sometimes  termed  tertiary  phe- 
nomena. The  origin  of  syphilis  is  not  known. 
It  is  believed  to  have  been  introduced  into 
Europe  from  America,  at  the  end  of  the  15th 
century  [?].  Its  progress  is  extremely  variable, 
as  well  as  its  duration,  which  is  often  unlimited, 
if  left  to  itself.  Mercury  may  be  esteemed  the 
best  remedy,  but  the  disease  admits  of  cure  with- 
out it.  Almost  every  antisyphilitic  composition, 
whose  use  is  attended  with  success,  probably  con- 
tains mercury  united  with  diaphoretics  or  other 
medicines.  It  is  generally  sufficient  to  keep  the 
mouth  sore  for  a  fortnight  for  the  cure  of  chancre : 
for  venereal  sore  throat,  and  other  recent  consti- 
tutional symptoms,  eight  or  ten  weeks  wUl  be 
required ;  and,  of  course,  a  longer  time,  if  these 
symptoms  have  persisted  longer.  Sometimes, 
after  mercury  has  been  given  for  a  time,  the 
symptoms  continue  stationary ;  and  do  not  yield 
until  the  mercury  has  been  discontinued,  and 
tonics  and  eutrophics  have  been  administered. 
The  preparations  of  iodine  have  been  much  used, 
of  late,  in  the  revellent  treatment  of  this  disease. 

Syphilis  Indica,  Framboesia. 

Syphilis  Pseudo-Syphilis,  Lues  Syphilo'des, 
Pseudo-syphilis.  A  term  given  to  ulcers  or  other 
affections  that  resemble  syphilis,  but  are  inde- 
terminate in  their  character,  —  the  symptoms 
being  irregular  in  their  appearance,  and  usually 
yielding  spontaneously,  or  under  the  use  of  tonics, 
change  of  air,  &c.  The  condition  has  not  been 
at  all  well  defined.  The  Sivvcns,  Itadesyge,  &c., 
have  been  referred  to  this  head. 

SYPHILISMUS,  Syphilis. 

SYPHILOG'RAPHER,  from  syphilis,  and 
ypa<p(a,  'I  describe.'     A  writer  on  syphilis. 

SYPH'ILOID,  Syphiloi'des;  froui  syphilis, 
and  tidos,  '  resemblance.'  Resembling  syphilis, — 
as  '  a  syph  iloid  aff'ection.' 

SYPHILOM  A'NIA,  Syi^hilidowa  'nia,  —  vul- 
garly. Noddle  Pox.  A  mania,  with  which  some 
persons  are  affected,  so  that  they  subject  them- 
selves to  antivenereal  treatment,  under  the  notioa 
that  they  are  atfected  with  syphilis. 

SYPlilTA,  Somnambulism. 

SYPHOAURICULARIS,  Otenchytcs. 

SYPHON,  see  Siphon. 

SYRIGMOPHO'NIA,  from  avpiyjiog,  'whist- 
ling,' and  ^lavn,  '  voice.'  A  piping  state  of  the 
voice. 

SYRIGMUS,  Tinnitus  aurium. 

SYRINGA,  Eustachian  Tube,  Fistula,  Syringe, 
Trachea. 

Symxga  Clysjiatica,  Syringe,  (Clyster.) 

Syrin'ga  Vulga'ris,  Lilac  vulga'ris.  Common 
Lilac.  The  lea-\-%s  and  fruit  arc  bitter  and  some- 
what acrid,  and  have  been  used  as  a  tonic  and 
antiperiodic. 

SYRINGE,  Syr'inx,  Syrin'ga,  Sipho  Siphun'- 
cuius.  Squirt,  (F.)  Seringue,  from  avpiy^,  'a  pipe.' 


SYRINGICIIS 


ssr 


SYRUPUS 


A  familiar  apparatus  through  which  auy  liquor 
is  squirted. 

Viirious  forms  of  syringe  are  used  in  medicine 
and  surgery. 

Syringe,  Clyster,  Syrin'ga  cli/smat'ica,  Cly- 
santU'um,  (F.)  diisopompe.  A  syringe  for  ad- 
ministering clysters. 

Syringe,  Cupping,  Antlia  sanguisuga. 

SYRINGICUS,  Fistulous. 

SYRINGI'TIS  EUSTA'CHII,  Inflammation 
of  the  Eustachian  tube. 

SYRINGMOS,  Tinnitus  aurium. 

SYRINGODES,  Fistulous. 

SYBINGOTOME,  Syringot'omus,  Syringot'- 
omum,  from  o-upiyf,  'a  pipe,'  'a  fistula,'  and  ti/xvciv, 
'  to  cut.'  A  surgical  instrument,  formerly  used 
in  the  operation  for  fistula  in  ano.  It  is  a  bis- 
touri,  concave  at  its  edge,  and  terminated  by  a 
long,  flexible,  probe-pointed  stylet.  This  stylet 
or  probe  was  first  introduced  by  the  external 
opening  of  the  fistula  into  the  rectum,  whence  it 
was  drawn  externally  through  the  anus,  carrying 
with  it  the  cutting  edge  of  the  instrument,  which 
divided  the  intermediate  parts.  The  operation 
for  fistula  in  ano  has  been  called  Syrinqotomy. 

SYRINGOT'OMY,  Syrmgotom'ia.  Same  ety- 
mon as  the  last.  The  operation  for  fistula  in  ano 
by  incision. 

SYRINX,  Eustachian  tube.  Fistula,  Syringe, 
Trachea — s.  Iliera,  Vertebral  column. 

SYRMAIS'MOS,  from  avp/jai^w,  '  I  evacuate.' 
A  gentle  evacuation  by  vomiting  or  stool. 

SYROP,  Syrup  —  s.  d'Ail,  Syrupus  allii  —  s. 
d'Armoise  eomjoose,  Syrupus  aromaticus  —  s.  de 
Chieoree  compose,  Syrupus  de  cichorio  compositus 
■ — s.  des  Cinq  raeines,  Syrupus  e  quinque  radici- 
bus  —  s.  de  Cuiainier,  Syrupus  de  sarsaparilla  et 
sennS,  compositus  —  ■s.  d' Ether,  Syrujpus  cum 
sethere  sulphurico  paratus — s.  de  Gingemhre,  Sy- 
rupus zingiberis — s.  de  Guimauve,  Syrupus  althseaj 
■ — s.  de  Longue  vie,  Mellitum  de  mercuriali  com- 
positum  —  s.  de  Ilercure,  Syrupus  de  mercurio 
mediante  gummi — s.  de  3Iitres,  Syrupus  mori — s. 
de  Nerprun,  Syrupus  rhamni  —  s.  de  Pavots 
iZaiics,  Syrupus  papaveris  —  s.  de  Pommes  com- 
2}ose,  see  Syrupus  sennse  —  s.  de  Quinquina  uvea 
le  Vin,  Syrupus  de  kina  kina  cum  vino  —  s.  de 
Roses  j}dles,  Syrupus  rosse — s.  de  Roses  rouges, 
Syrupus  rosce — s.  de  Vinaigre,  S.  aeeti. 

SYPi,UP,  Sirup,  Syr'upus,  Serapi'um,  Serape'- 
nm,  (F.)  Syvop)  ;  derived,  according  to  some,  from 
trupu,  'I  draw,'  and  otto?,  'juice;'  but  more  pro- 
bably, from  the  Arabic  Siruph,  Sirah,  or  Schctrah, 
which  signifies  '  a  potion.'  A  saturated  solution 
of  sugar  in  water,  either  simply,  or  united  with 
some  vegetable  or  other  principle.  Syrups,  in 
general,  require  two  pounds  of  sugar  to  the  pint, 
and  they  are  judged  to  be  sufiieiently  boiled  when 
a  portion,  taken  up  in  a  spoon,  flows  like  oil. 
In  the  Pharmacopoeia  of  the  United  States, 
it  is  directed,  that  syrups,  whose  density  is  not 
precisely  determined  by  the  process,  should  have 
the  s.  g.  1.261,  when  boiling,  and  of  about  1.319 
at  ordinary  temperatures.  Syrups  should  be  kept 
in  small  bottles  in  a  cool  place.  They  are  chiefly 
used  to  render  medicines  palatable.  See  Syrupus 
simplex. 

Syrup,  see  Syrupus — s.  of  Almonds,  Syrupus 
amygdaias — s.  Antiscorbutic,  Syrupus  antiscorbu- 
ticus  —  s.  of  Buckthorn,  Syrupus  rhamni  —  s.  of 
Capillaire,  common,  Syrupus  simplex — s.  of  Cin- 
chona with  wine,  Syrupus  de  kina  kina  cum  vino 
—  s.  of  Citric  acid,  Syrupus  acidi  citrici  —  s.  of 
Clove  July  flower,  Syrupus  caryophylli  rubri  — 
s.  of  Clove  pinks,  Sj'rupus  Caryophylli  rubri  — 
s.  of  Ether,  Syrupus  cum  £Ethere  sulphurico  pa- 
ratus— s.  of  Five  roots,  Syrupus  e  quinque  radi- 
cibus — s.  of  Garlic,  Syrupus  allii  —  s.  of  Ginger, 


Syrupus  zingiberis  —  s.  of  Gum  Arabic,  Sj'rupua 
acacifE  —  s.  Hive,  Syrupus  scilla3  compositus  —  s. 
of  Honey,  Mellitum  simplex — s.  of  Iodide  of  iron, 
Liquor  Ferri  iodidi — s.  of  Ipecacuanha,  Syrupus 
ipeeacuanhse  • — s.  of  Lemon,  Syrupus  limonis  — 
s.  of  Marshmallows,  Syrupus  althajK — s.  of  Mea- 
dow saffron,  Syrupus  colchici  autumnalis  —  s.  of 
Mugwort,  compound,  Syi-upus  aromaticus — s.  of 
Mulberries,  Syrupus  mori — s.  of  Orange  juice,  seo 
Syrupus  aurantii  —  s.  of  Orange  peel,  Syrupus 
aromaticus  —  s.  of  Orgeat,  Syrupus  amj'gdal^  — 
s.  of  Poppies,  Syrupus  papaveris  —  s.  of  Poppy, 
red,  Syrupus  rhoeados  —  s.  of  Rhatany,  Syrupus 
kramerise  —  s.  of  Rhubarb,  Syrupus  rhej  —  s.  of 
Rhubarb,  aromatic,  Syrupus  rhei  aromaticus  —  s. 
of  Rhubarb,  spiced,  Syrupus  rhej  aromaticus  — 
s.  of  Safl'i'OD,  Syrupus  croci  —  s.  of  Squills,  Syru- 
pus scilla3 — s.  of  Squill,  compound,  Syrupus  scillt-e 
compositus  —  s.  of  Succory,  compound,  Syrupus 
de  cichorio  compositus — s.  of  Tolu,  Syrupus  tolu- 
tanus  —  s.  of  Vinegar,  Syrupus  aceti  —  s.  of  Vio- 
lets, Syrupus  violfe — s.  of  Wild  cherry  bark,  Sy- 
rupus Pruni  Virginiante. 

SYRUPUS,  S.  simplex. 

Syrupus  Aca'ci^,  Syrup  of  Gum  Arabic,  (Aca- 
cia gij,  Saeehar.  ^xv,  Aq.  f^viij.  Dissolve  tho 
gum  in  the  water;  add  the  sugar,  and  strain. 
Ph.  U.  S.)    A  good  pectoral  syrup.    Dose,  f^j  to 

Syrupus  Ace'ti,  S.  Ac"idi  Aeeto'si,  Syrup  of 
Vinegar,  (F.)  Syrop  de  Vinaigre.  [Aceti  Oiiss, 
sacch.  pjurif.  Ibiiiss.  Boil  to  form  a  syrup.  Ph. 
E.)  It  is  refrigerant  and  antiseptic.  Dose,  fgj 
to  f^ij. 

Syrupus  Acidi  Acetosi,  S.  aceti. 

Syrupus  Ac"idi  Cit'rici,  Syrup  of  Citric  Acid. 
[Acid,  citric,  pulv.  ^ij  ;  01.  Limon.  VC\j.y  ;  Syrup. 
Oij.  Rub  the  acid  and  oil  with  an  ounce  of  the 
syrup;  add  the  rest  of  the  syrup,  and  dissolve 
with  a  gentle  heat.  Ph.  U.  S.)  Virtues  the  same 
as  those  of  the  Syrupus  Limonis. 

Syrupus  cum  ^'thbre  Sulphu'rico  Para- 
tus, Syrup  of  Ether,  (F.)  Sirop  d'ether.  (Very 
pure  sugar,  1000  p.;  distilled  water,  500  p.;  dis- 
solve in  the  cold,  and  strain  ;  add  sulphuric  ether, 
48  p.  Shake  for  five  or  six  days,  and  draw  off 
the  limpid  syrup.  Ph.  L.)  Properties  like  those 
of  ether. 

Syrupus  Al'lii,  Syrup  of  Garlic,  (F.)  Syrop 
d'ail.  (Allii  recent,  eoncis.  §vj,  acet.  destillaU 
Oj,  sacchar.  Ibij.  Macerate  the  garlic  in  the  vi- 
negar, in  a  glass  vessel,  for  four  days ;  then  ex- 
press the  liquor  and  set  it  by,  that  the  dregs  may 
subside ;  lastly,  add  the  sugar  to  the  clear  liquor, 
and  proceed  in  the  manner  directed  for  syrup. 
Ph.  U.  S.)  Use,  same  as  that  of  garlic.  Dose, 
f^j  to  f,^iv. 

Syrupus  Alth^'jj,  Syrup  of  Ilarshmalloio, 
Syrupus  ex  Altha'd,  S.  de  Althmd,  S.  Althcea 
officina'lis,  (F.)  Syrop  de  Gui')hz,^ve.  (AltJiwoB 
rad.  recent,  cont.  tbss,  sacch.  pur.  Ibij,  aquca  Oiv: 
Boil  the  root  in  the  water  to  one-half,  and  press 
out  the  liquor;  when  cold,  defecate;  add  the  su- 
gar, and  boil.  Ph.  L.)  Emollient  and  demul- 
cent.    Dose,  f^j  to  fgiij- 

Syrupus  Amomi  Zingiberis,  S.  zingiberis. 

Syrupus  Aiiyg'dal^,  Syrup  of  Almonds,  Sy- 
rup of  Orgeat,  Orgeat.  (Amygdal.  dulc.  Ibj, 
aniygdal.  amar.  ^iv,  aqua,  Oiij,  sacchar.  R)vj. 
Blanch  the  almonds,  and  rub  them  in  a  mortar 
to  a  very  fine  paste,  adding,  during  the  tritura- 
tion, three  fluidounces  of  the  water,  and  a  pound 
of  the  sugar.  Mix  tlie  paste  thoroughly  with  the 
remainder  of  the  water;  strain  with  strong  ex- 
pression ;  add  the  remainder  of  the  sugar  to  the 
strained  liquor,  and  dissolve  it  with  the  aid  of  a 
gentle  heat.  Strain  the  syrup  through  fine  linen, 
and  having  allowed  it  to  cool,  put  it  jjito  boUlss 


STRUPUS 


838 


STRUPUS 


which  miist  he  well  stopped,  and  kept  in  a  coal 
place.     Ph.  U.  S.) 

SyrtjPus  Anticausoticus,  see  Antieausodic. 

SyrfpuS  Antiscorbu'ticcs,  <S'.  de  Armora'cid 
covipositus,  Antiecorhu'tic  Syrxi^i.  ( Leaves  of 
cochlearia,  huckhean,  icater-cresses,  horse-radish 
root  and  hitter  oranges,  each  R)j,  cinnamon,  ^iss. 
Cut,  and  pour  on  white  icine  Ibiv.  Macerate  for 
two  daj's ;  distil  over  Oj  in  a  sand-bath  ,•  add  to 
this  of  sugar,  ibij,  and  form  a  syrup.  Again, 
take  what  remains  ia  the  cucurbit:  pass  it 
through  cloth  ;  let  it  rest;  decant,  and  add  s^ffjrar 
Rij  ;  make  into  a  syrup,  and  clarify  with  wliite 
of  egg.  Mix  it  with  the  first  while  yet  warm. 
Ph.  P.)  Antiscorbutic,  alterative,  tonic,  stoma- 
chic, &c.     Dose,  f^ij  to  f^ij. 

Steupus  Ap.Omat'icus,  S.  de  Artemis'id  com- 
positiw,  CoinpoKnd  Syrup  of  Jlxigwort,  (F.)  Syrop 
d'armoise  comjiose.  [7'ops  of  artemisin  vulgaris, 
in  flower,  .^vj,  inula  root,  ligusticum  levisticum, 
Had  fennel,  each  ^ss,  pennyroyal,  catmint,  savine 
leaves,  each  §vi,  marjoram,  hyssop,  piyrethrum, 
rue,  basil,  each  ^iij,  aniseed  and  cinnamon,  each 
SJix ;  bruise  and  macerate  in  hydromel  Ibxviij  ; 
distil  over  Oss ;  add  to  this  a  pound  of  sugar. 
Again,  take  the  liquid  that  remains  in  the  cucur- 
bit, strain  it  gently  ;  and  add  sugar  9iiy.  Then 
mix  the  two.  Ph.  P.)    Tonic,  emmenagogue,  &c. 

SyRCPrs  DE  Armoracia  Compositus,  S.  anti- 
scorbuticus — s.  de  Artemisia  compositus,  S.  anti- 
scorbuticus — s.  Asparagi,  see  Asparagus. 

Syrupus  Auran'tii,  S.  Aurantio'rum,  S.  Citri 
Aurantii,  S.  Cor'ticis  Aurantii,  S.  Aurantii  Cor- 
ticis  (Ph.  U.  S.),  ;S'.  e  Cortic"ibus  Aurantio'rum, 
S.  de  Cortice  Aurantio'rum,  Syrup  of  Orange 
peel.  (^Aurant.  cort.  eont.  ^ijj  aq.  ferv.  Oj,  sacch. 
ftijss.  Macerate  the  peel  in  the  water  for  twelve 
hours.  Add  the  sugar.  Ph.  U.  S.)  Stomachic. 
Dose,  f^j  to  f 5ij. 

A  Syrup  of  Orange  Juice,  Orange  Sherbet,  Sy- 
rupus e  succo  Aurantiorum,  may  be  made  by  add- 
ing ichite  sugar  ftij  to  ft)j  of  the  juice  of  oranges, 
strained  and  clarified. 

Syrupus  Balsamicus,  S.  toltitanus. 

Syrcpus  Caryophyl'li  Ecbri,  S.  Dianthi 
GarynphyUi,  Syrup  of  Clove  July  flower,  Syrup 
of  Clove  Pinks,  Syrujnis  infusio'nis  forum  cary- 
ophyllo'ruin.  (Petalorura  dianth.,  caryoph.  re- 
cent, unguibus  resectis  ibj,  aqua  bull.  Oiv,  sacch. 
purif.  Itjvij.     Ph.  E.)     Aromatic. 

Syrupus  Cassi.e  Sexx.e,  S.  sennee. 

Syrupus  de  Cicho'rio  Compos'itus,  S.  de 
Jiheo,  Compound  Syrup  of  Succory,  (F.)  Syrop  de 
chicoree  compose.  (Poot  of  succory  §vj,  leaves 
of  succory  gix,  leaves  of  fumitory  and  scolopen- 
drinm,  each  ^iij,  Alkekengi  berries  ^ij.  Boil  in 
water  Oxiv  to  Oxij  :  pass  through  cloth,  and  dis- 
solve in  ichite  sugar  Ibv.  Boil  till  it  has  the  con- 
sistence of  syrup.  Again,  take  water  Oviij,  rhit- 
harh  ^v},  yellow  sanders  and  cinnamon,  each  ^^ss. 
Infuse  for  twenty-four  hours  :  pass  through  linen, 
and  add  the  preceding  syrup.  Ph.  P.)  It  is 
laxative  and  stomachic.     Dose,  f3j  to  f^ss. 

Syrupus  Cinchoxjs  cum  Yi^o,  S.  de  kina  kinS, 
Dum  vino. 

Syrupus  Cixcho'xi^,  Syrup  of  Cincho'nia. 
{Simple  syrup  one  pound;  sulpjhate  of  cinchonia 
nine  grains.  Mix.)  Six  spoonfuls  are  commonly 
Buffieient  to  arrest  an  intermittent. 

Syrupus  Citri  Aurantii,  S.  aromaticus. 

Syrupus  Col'chici  Autumna'lis,  S.  Colchici, 
Syru]}  of  Meadow  Saffron.  (Pad.  colch.  autumn, 
recent,  ^j,  acidi  acetosi  f^xvi,  sacch.  pur.  ^xxvj. 
Macerate  the  root  in  the  vinegar  for  twe  days, 
occasionally  shaking  the  vessel;  then  strain,  with 
gentle  expression,  T^  me  strained  fluid  add  the 
Bugar,  and  boil  to  a  syrup.  Ph.  E.)  Diuretic, 
antiarthritic.    Dose,  f^j  to  f^ss,  or  more. 


Syrupus  Corticis  Aurantii,  S.  aromaticu?  — 
s.  Citri  medicuB,  S.  limonum  —  s.  e  Succo  citro- 
num,  S.  limonum. 

Syrupus  Croci,  Syrup  of  Saffron.  [Croci 
stigmat.  ^],  aqucB  fervent.  Oj,  sacch.  purif.  Ibiiss. 
Ph.  L.)     Cardiac.     Chiefly  used  for  colouring. 

Syrupus  Diacodion,  Diacodion  —  s.  Dianthi 
Caryophylli,  S.  caryophylli  rubri. 

Syrupus  Emeti'x^,  Syrup  of  Em' etine.  (Sim- 
ple syrupW},  emetine  16  gr.)  In  small  doses,  ex- 
pectorant; and  in  large,  emetic. 

Syrupus  Empyreumaticus,  Melasses — s.  Ferri 
iodidi.  Liquor  Ferri  iodidi — s.  Hydrargyri,  Syru- 
pus de  mercurio  mediante  gummi  —  s.  Infusionis 
florum  caryophyllorum, Syrupus  caryophylli rabrL 

Syrupus  Ipecacuax'h^,  Syrup  of  Ipecacuan- 
ha. [Tpjecac.  in  pulv.  crass.  5J,  alcohol,  dilut.  Oj, 
sacchar.  Ibiiss,  aqua  q.  s.  Macerate  the  ipecacu- 
anha in  the  alcohol  for  14  days,  and  filter.  Eva- 
porate the  filtered  liquor  to  6  fluidounces,  again 
filter,  and  add  sufficient  water  to  make  the  liquid 
measure  a  pint;  add  the  sugar,  and  evaporate  by 
a  water-bath  to  a  proper  consistence.  Ph.  U.  S,) 
It  may  also  be  prepared  by  displacement. 

Syrupus  de  Jalap' a,  Syrup  of  Jalap.  [Pulv. 
JalapxeJ^x,  sem.  coriandr.,fcenicul.  dulc.  aa  ^ss  ; 
aqum  f5xijss,  sacch.  ^xxv.  Ph.  P.)  Cathartic 
Dose,  fjij  to  f^ss  for  children. 

Syrupus  de  Kina  Kina  cum  Vino,  ^S".  Cincho' 
na  cum  vino,  Syrapi  of  Cinchona  with  wine,  (F.) 
Syrop  de  quinquina  avecle  vin.  (Cort.  cinchona 
officinalis  §ij,  ext.  cinchona  3^'j)  ^'*'"*  ^^^^^  (  Vin- 
Lunel.  vel  cujusvis  ei  similis,)  Oj,  alcohol  (s.  g. 
.985,  to  .015.)  f,^j,  sacchar.  alb.  Ibiss.  Bruise 
the  cinchona;  gradually  add  the  alcohol,  so  as 
to  form  a  soft  mass  ;  pour  on  the  wine  ;  macerate 
for  two  days,  and  strain.  Dissolve  the  extract, 
add  the  sugar,  and  make  a  syrup.  Ph.  P.)  Dose, 
fgss  to  fgj. 

Syrupus  Krame'ri^,  Syrup  of  Rhatany.  [Ext. 
Kramer,  ^ij,  aqua  Oj,  sacchar.  Ibijss.  Dissolve 
the  extract  in  the  water,  and  filter;  then  add  the 
sugar,  and  form  into  syrup.  Ph.  U.  S.  It  may 
also  be  made  by  displacement  from  Kramer,  in 
pulv.  crass,  Tbj,  sacchar.  Ibiiss;  aq.  q.  s.)  An 
adjunct  to  astringent  mixtures  ;  or  given  in  diar- 
rhoea, a  tea-spoonful  to  a  child. 

Syrupus  Lijionis,  S.  Limonum — s.  Succi  limo- 
nis,  S.  limonum. 

Syrupus  Limo'num,  <S'.  limonis,  (Ph.  U.  S.)  S. 
citri  med'ica,  S.e  succo  citro'niim,  S.  e  succo  limo'- 
num, S.  succi  limo'nis.  Syrup  of  Lemon,  Lemon 
Syrup.  [Limon.  succ.  colat.  Oj,  sacchar.  B>ij.) 
Cooling,  antiseptic. 

Syrupus  e  Meconio,  S.  papaveris  —  s.  de 
Melle,  Mellitum  simplex. 

Syrupus  de  Mercu'rio  Median'te  Gummi, 
3Iercu' ri  us  gummo'susPlenck' a,  Syrupus  Hydrar'- 
gyri,  (F.)  Syrop  de  mercure  ou  Mercure  gommeux 
de  Plenck.  [Hydrargyri  j^ur.  ^j,  p.  gum.  aca- 
cia, 3i'j>  syi'vp  diacod.  §ss.  Kub  together  till 
the  mercury  is  extinguished.  Ph.  P.)  Possesses 
the  properties  of  the  blue  pUl.  Dose,  gr.  ij  to 
viij,  or  more. 

Syrupus  Mori,  S.  e  succo  moro'rum,  S.  succi 
mori.  Syrup  of  Jful'berries,  (F.)  Syrop  de  m&res, 
[Jlori  succ.  colat.  Oj,  sacchar.  purif.  "Sijj.  Ph.  Z.) 
Gratefully  refrigerant. 

Syrupus  e  Succo  Mororum,  S.  mori. 

Syrupus  MoRpn'i.«  Aceta'tis,  Syrup  of  ace- 
tate of  morjjhia.  [Syrup,  one  pint,  acetate  of 
morp)hia,  gr.  iv.)  Dose,  two  tea-spoonfuls,  as  an 
opiate.  It  is  about  the  strength  of  the  same 
quantity  of  syrup  of  poppies. 

Syrupus  Morfhije  Sclpha'tis  is  made  in  the 
same  way. 

Syrupus  Xiger,  Melasses. 

Syeupus  Papat'eris,  S.  pa2)averis  somniferi^ 


STEUPUS 


839 


STRUPTJS 


S.  papaveris  alhi,  S.  e  meco'nio,  S.  de  meconio, 
Siaco' (lion,  Si/rup  of  poppies,  (P.)  Syrop  de  pa- 
vots  blaiics  ou  diacode.  [Pojiav.  capsid.  exsiccat. 
et  contus.  exemptis  seminibus,  ^xiv,  sacch.  pur. 
\hi},  aq.  feive7}t.  cong.  ijss.  Macerate  the  cap- 
sules in  water  for  12  hours ;  boil  to  a  gallon,  and 
express  strongly.  Boil  the  liquor  to  Oij  ;  and 
strain  while  hot.  Defecate  by  rest,  and  boil  to 
Oj,  adding  the  sugar  so  as  form  a  syrup.  Ph.  L.) 
One  ounce  contains  about  one  grain  of  opium. 
Anodyne  and  demulcent. 

The  Dublin  college  has  a  Struptts  Opii,  called 
Common  Syrup  of  Poppies,  which  is  made  by  dis- 
solving 18  grains  of  the  Watery  Extract  of  Opium 
in  18  ounces  of  boiling  water.  Properties,  those 
of  opium  and  syrup. 

Syrupus  de  Papavere  Erratico,'S.  rhoeados 
—  s.  de  Pomis  compositus,  see  S.  sennse. 

Syrdpds  Prote^,  see  Protea  mellifera.  Syru'- 
pus  Pruni  Virginia'nce,  Syrup  of  Wild  cherry 
bark.  (Pruni  Virginia,  in  pulr.  crass,  ^v,  sac- 
char.  Ibij,  Aqum  q.  s.  Moisten  the  bark  with 
water;  let  it  stand  for  24  hours;  transfer  it  to  a 
percolator;  pour  water  gradually  upon  it,  until  a 
pint  of  filtered  liquor  has  passed.  Add  the  sugar 
in  a  bottle,  and  dissolve  by  agitation.  Ph.  U.  S., 
1851.)  Dose,  as  a  demulcent  expectorant,  f^j 
to  f^iij. 

Syrupus  Qui'nIjE,  Syrup  of  Qninia.  [Simpile 
syrup,  2  pints,  sulphate  of  quinia,  64  grains.)  Six 
spoonfuls  are  commonly  suflB.cient  to  arrest  an  in- 
termittent. 

Syrupus  e  Quinque  Radi'cibus,  Syrup  of  five 
roots,  (F.)  Syrop  des  cinq  racines.  [Bad.  apii, 
fienicidi,  apii  petroselini,  aa  ^y.  Infuse  for  24 
hours  in  boiling  water  Oiiss,  and  strain.  Bad. 
anparag.,  rnsci  aculeati,  aa  ^v,  aqua,  Ovij.  Boil 
and  reduce  to  half;  adding,  towards  the  end,  the 
residue  of  the  preceding  infusion.  Boil  again  for 
some  minutes  ;  strain,  and  add  u-Jiite  sugar,  Ibvj. 
Ph.  P.)  Aperient  and  diuretic.  Used  in  obstruc- 
tions of  the  liver,  spleen,  and  mesentery ;  and  in 
dropsy,  &c.     Dose,  f  ^ss  to  f  5J,  or  more. 

Syrupus  RnAsrsi,  S.  Bhamni  cathar'tiei,  S.  de 
Spina,  cervi'nd,  S.  spiincB  cervi'nm,  Syrup  of  Buck- 
thorn, (F.)  Syrop  de  nerpirun.  [Bhamn.  bacear. 
Bucc.  recent.  Oiv,  zingih.  rad.  concis.,  pimentce 
baec.  contrit.,  aa  ^ss,  sacch.  jiurif.  Ibiiiss.  Defe- 
cate the  juice  for  .3  days,  and  strain.  To  a  pint 
of  this,  add  the  ginger  and  pimento;  macerate  for 
4  hours,  and  strain ;  boil  what  remains  to  Oiss. 
Mix  the  liquors  and  add  sugar,  so  as  to  form  a 
s.yrup.  Ph.  L.)  Cathartic,  but  apt  to  gripe.  Dose, 
f  Jiv  to  f^^ij. 

Syrupus  Rhej,  Syrup  of  Bhubarb.  {Bhei,  in 
pulv.  crass,  ^ij;  Alcohol,  Oss ;  Aqum  Oiss;  sac- 
char.  Ibij.  Jilx  the  alcohol  and  water;  pour  f^iv 
on  the  rhubarb,  mixed  with  an  equal  bulk  of  sand, 
and  allow  the  whole  to  stand  four  hours ;  put  the 
mass  into  a  percolater,  and  gradually  pour  on  the 
remainder  of  the  alcohol  and  water.  By  means 
of  a  water-bath,  evaporate  to  f^xiij;  add  the 
sugar,  and  make  a  syrup.  Ph.  U.  S.)  Dose  to 
a  child,  as  a  laxative,  one  or  two  teaspoonfuls. 

Syrupus  PuHej  Aromat'icus,  Aromatic  Syrup 
of  Bhubarb,  Spiced  Syrup  of  Bhubarb.  {BheJ, 
cont.  ^iiss;  C'aryophyl.  cont.,  Cinnam.  cont.  aa 
§ss;  Jfyrist.  cont.  ^iy.  Alcohol,  dilut.  Oij;  Syrzip 
Ovj.  Macerate  the  rhubarb  and  aromatics  in  the 
diluted  alcohol  for  14  days,  and  strain ;  then,  by 
means  of  a  water-bath,  evaporate  the  liquor  to  a 
pint,  and  while  still  hot,  mix  with  the  syrup  pre- 
viously heated.  Ph.  U.  S.)  It  may  also  be  made 
by  the  process  of  displacement. 

The  aromatic  syrup  of  rhubarb  is  a  gentle  car- 
minative cathartic.  Dose  to  a  child,  f  ^j ;  to  an 
adult,  f  Jj. 


Syrupus  de  Rheo,  Syrupus  de  Cichorio  com- 
positus. 

Syrupus  Rhce'ados,  S.  de  papav'ere  errat'icn, 
S.  papaveris  erratici.  Syrup  of  Bed  Poppy,  (F.) 
Syrop  de  coquelicot.  [Bhcead.  petal,  recent,  ibj, 
aq.  fervent,  f  ^xviij,  sacch.  pnrif.  Ibiiss.  To  the 
water,  heated  in  a  water-bath,  add  the  petals. 
Remove  the  vessel;  macerate  for  12  hours;  ex- 
press ;  defecate,  and  add  sugar  to  form  a  syrup. 
Ph.  L.)     Chiefly  used  to  give  colour. 

A  factitious  syrup  is  often  made  of  aloes,  dis- 
solved in  simple  syrup. 

Syrupus  Rosje,  Syrupus  rosa'rum  soluti'vus, 
S.  e  i-osis  siccis,  S.  roscB  centifo'lim,  S.  rosa'ceus 
soluti'vus.  Syrup  of  Boses,  (F.)  Syrop  de  roses 
p)dles.  [BoscB  centif.  petal,  exsicc.  ^vij,  sacch. 
purif.  ibvj,  aq.  fervent.  Oiv.  Macerate  the  petals 
for  12  hours.  Evaporate  the  strained  liquor  to 
tbiiss.  Add  the  sugar.  Ph.  L.)  Gently  laxative. 
Dose,  f^ij  to  f ^iss,  or  more. 

Syrupus  Ros^  Gal'licje,  Syrup  of  Bed  Boses, 
(F.)  Syroj:)  de  roses  rouges.  (Boscs  Gallic,  petal. 
exsicc.  ^vij,  aqum  bull.  Ov,  sacch.  purif.  Ibvj  ; 
prepared  like  the  last.  Ph.  E.)  Mildly  astrin- 
gent.    Added  to  stomachic  infusions. 

Syrupus  Sacchari,  S.  Simplex. 

Syrupus  Sarsaparil'LjE,  Syrup  of  Say-sapa- 
7-illa.  (Bad.  Sarsap.  cont.  Ibj,  aqum  buJlient. 
cong.,  sacch.  piurif.  ibj.  Macerate  the  root  for  24 
hours;  boil  to  Oiv.  Strain  while  hot;  add  the 
sugar,  and  boil.  Ph.  L.)  Used  in  the  same  casps 
as  the  root.     Dose,  f ^j  to  f^i^j  and  more. 

Syrupus  de  Sarsaparil'la  et  Senxa  Com- 
POS'lTUS,  Compound  Syrvp  of  Sarsaparilla  and 
Senna,  (F.)  Syrop  de  Cuisinier.  (Bad.  Sarsap. 
concis.  Ibij.  Infuse  for  24  hours  in  warm  xcater 
Oxij  ;  boil  for  a  quarter  of  an  hour;  pass  with 
expression,  and  boil  again  the  residuum  in  Ox  of 
water.  Reduce  this  to  Ovj,  and  repeat  the  ope- 
ration 2  or  3  times.  Mix  all  the  liquors  and  boil 
them  together  with /7o?ce)-s  of  borage,  ichite  roses, 
senna  leaves  and  aniseed,  each  §ij;  reduce  to  half, 
pass,  and  add  Aoiie?/ Ibij.  Boil  to  a  syrup.  Ph.P.) 
It  is  considered  to  be  alterant,  depurative,  and 
sudorific.     Dose,  f^ss  to  f^ij- 

A  similar  syrup,  under  the  name  Syrupus 
Sarsaparil'LjE  Compos'itus,  Compound  Syrup 
of  Sarsaparilla,  is  directed  in  the  Pharmacopoeia 
of  the  United  States.  (Sarsaparill.  cont.  Ibij  ; 
Lign.  guaiac.  rasur.  ^iij  ;  Bosm  centifol.,  Sennm, 
Glycyrrhiz.  cont.  aa  gij;  01.  Sassafras,  01.  Anisi, 
aa  m.  v. ;  01.  Gatdtherim  m.  iij  ;  Alcohol,  dilut. 
Ox. ;  Sacchar.  Ibviij.  Macerate  the  sarsaparilla, 
guaiacum  wood,  roses,  senna,  and  liquorice  root 
in  the  diluted  alcohol  for  14  days ;  express  and 
filter.  Evaporate  the  tincture  in  a  warm  bath  to 
four  pints ;  filter,  add  the  sugar,  and  form  into 
syrup.  Lastly,  having  rubbed  the  oils  with  a 
small  quantity  of  the  syrup,  mix  them  thoroughly 
with  the  remainder.     Ph.  U.  S.) 

It  may  also  be  made  by  the  process  of  dis- 
placement. 

Syrupus  de  Scammo'nio,  Syrup  of  Scam'mony. 
(Pulv.  Scammon.  ^ss,  sacch.  alb.  ^iv.  alcohol. 
(s.  g.  .985  to  .915)  f^viij.  Heat  the  mixture 
moderately :  then  set  fire  to  the  alcohol  with  a 
lighted  taper;  agitate  constantly,  until  the  flame 
is  extinguished.  Sufi"er  it  to  cool :  pass  through 
cloth,  and  add  Syrup  of  Violets,  f^iv.  Ph.  P.) 
3J  contains  18  grains  of  scammony.  Dose,  f  5J 
to  f^ss. 

Syrupus  Scill^e,  S.  sciUtt'icus,  S.  scillm  ma- 
rit'imm,  Syrup  of  Squills.  (Acet.  scillm.  Oj,  sacch, 
fliij.)  Diuretic,  expectorant,  and  emetic.  Used 
in  the  same  cases  as  the  oxymel. 

Syrupus  SciLLyE  CoifPOs'iTus,  3Tei  SctUm 
Compositnm,  Compound  Honey  of  Squill,  Coth^ 
pound    Syrup   of  Squill,    Hive   Syrnp.      (Scilla 


SYRUPUS 


840 


SYZYGIUM 


cont. ;  Senef/cB  cont.  aa  §iy;  Ant.im.  et  Potassm 
Tart.  gr.  xlviij  ;  Aqum  Oiv ;  Sacchar.  ftiiiss. 
Pour  thg  water  upon  the  squills  and  seneka,  and, 
having  boiled  to  one-half,  strain  and  add  the 
sugar.  Then  evaporate  to  three  pints,  and  while 
the  syrup  is  still  hot,  dissolve  in  it  the  tartrate 
of  antimony  and  potassa.) 

It  may  also  be  made  by  the  process  of  dis- 
placement.    Ph.  U.  S. 

It  is  often  given  as  an  emetic  in  cases  of  croup, 
and  in  catarrh,  especially  in  children.  Dose,  to 
infants,  10  drops  to  a  drachm,  repeated  every  15 
minutes,  if  vomiting  be  desirable. 

Syrupus  Se's'egje,  Syrvp  of  Seneka.  {Senega 
cont.  ^iv;  Aqva  Oj ;  Sacchar.  Ihj.  Boil  the  wa- 
ter with  the  seneka  to  one-half,  and  strain;  then 
add  the  sugar,  and  form  into  S3'rup.     Ph.  U.  S.) 

It  may  also  be  formed  by  the  process  of  dis- 
placement.    Ph.  U.  S. 

This  is  a  favourite  stimulant  expectorant  (?) 
with  many  practitioners.     Dose,  f  ^j  or  f  ^ij- 

Syrdpus  Sexst^,  S.  cassicB  sennm,  Syrup  of 
Senna,  {Sennm  ^ij,  sem.  fosnicid.  cont.  ^],  eacch. 
jnir.  §xv,  aqua  buUient.  Oj.  Macerate  the  senna 
leaves  and  fennel-seeds  with  a  gentle  heat  for  an 
hour.  Strain ;  add  the  sugar,  and  make  into  a 
syrup.  Ph.  U.  S.)  Cathartic.  Dose,  f^ij  to 
f  ^iss,  or  more. 

The  Parisian  Codex  has  a  Syrupus  de  Senna  of 
a  compound  character,  called  Syriqnis  de  i^omis 
compos' itus,  (F.)  Syrop  de  pommes  compiose.  It 
contains,  also,  borage,  bugloss,  &c.  Dose,  f^ss 
to  fgij. 

Syrupus  SnrPLEX,  Syrupus  (Ph.  U.  S.),  S. 
Sac'chari,  Sac'charnm  clarijica'tum,  Liqua'rium, 
Simple  Syrup,  Syrup,  Common  syrvp  of  captillaire. 
{Sacch.  punf.  B)iiss,  aquce  Oj.  Dissolve  the  sugar; 
set  aside  for  24  hours ;  remove  the  scum,  and  pour 
off  the  clear  liquid.)  Used  to  cover  nauseous 
tastes,  &c. 

Syrupus  de  Spina  Ceevina,  Syrupus  rhamni 
—  s.  de  Stoechade  communis,  see  Lavendula. 

Syrupus  Toluta'nus,  S.  Toluta'ni,  S.  toluif- 
ercB  hal'eami,  S.  halsam'icus,  BnJsam'ic  syrup, 
Syrup  of  tolu.  {Tinct.  Tolut.  f^iss;  Aqua  Oj  ; 
Sacchar.  Ibiiss.  Mix  the  tincture  with  the  sugar 
la  coarse  powder;  expose  it  on  a  shallow  dish  to 
a  gentle  heat,  until  the  alcohol  has  evaporated  ; 
pour  the  water  upon  it;  heat  gradually  until  the 
sugar  is  dissolved,  and  strain.  Ph.  U.  S.)  Use — - 
to  give  flavour. 

Syrupus  Vi'oLjE,  S.  viola  odora'ta,  S.  viola'- 
rum,  S.  e  succo  viola'rum,  Syrup  of  Violets.  {Flor. 
recent,  viol,  odorat.  ftiij,  aq.  hull.  Oviij,  sacch.  pur. 
Bjxv.  Macerate,  in  a  covered  vessel,  for  24  hours; 
pass,  without  expression,  through  linen  ;  add  the 
sugar  so  as  to  form  a  syrup.  Ph.  E.)  Very 
gently  laxative.     Dose,  f^j  to  f§ij. 

Syrupus  e  Succo  Violardm,  S.  violee. 

SyPvUPUS  Zixgib'eris,  S.  amo'mi  zingiheris,  Sy- 
fiip  of  Ginger,  (F.)  Syrop)  de  gingemhre.  {Tinct. 
Ztngih.  f^iv;  Aqua  Oiv;  Sacchar.  Itjx.  Mix  the 
tincture  with  four  pounds  of  the  sugar  in  coarse 
powder;  and  expose  it  in  a  shallow  dish  to  a 
gentle  heat  until  the  alcohol  has  evaporated. 
Add  the  rest  of  the  sugar,  and  then  the  water  in 
R  covered  vessel;  heat  graduallj'  until  the  sugar  is 
dissolved,  and  strain.  Ph..  U.S.)  To  the  strained 
liquor  add  the  sugar,  and  form  a  syrup. 

N.  B.  The  Parisian  Codex  contained  a  few 
vUx't    compound   syrups   besides   those   enume- 


rated; amongst  these  is  a  Syrup  of  calf's  lungs, 
Syrupus  e  pulmon' ihus  vituli'nis,  (F.)  Syrop  de 
mou  de  veau,  as  an  expectorant. 

These  syrups  are  made  according  to  the  usual 
rule,  and  possess  the  virtues  of  the  substances 
after  which  they  are  named. 

SYSPA'SIA,  from  cvcr7ra<ji,  {cvv,  and  ciraoi,  '1 
draw,')  '  I  contract.'  Clonic  spasm,  with  dimi- 
nished sensibility  and  inability  of  utterance.  A 
genus  in  Good's  Nosology,  which  includes  con- 
vulsion, epilepsy,  and  hysteria. 

Syspasia  Convulsio,  Convulsion  —  s.  Epilep- 
sia, Epilepsy  —  s.  Hysteria,  Hysteria. 

SYSSARCO'SIS,  from  aw,  'with,'  and  aap^, 
'flesh.'  Connnissu'ra  ossinm  car'nea,  Symp)h'ysis 
ossium  muscula'ris,  Connex'io  ossium  corno'sa,  (Jar- 
na'tio,  Concarna'tio.  Union  of  bones  by  means 
of  muscles;  such  as  the  union  of  the  os  hyoides 
with  the  lower  jaw,  of  the  scapula  with  the  ribs,  &c. 

SYSTALCIS,  Systole. 

SYSTAL'TIC,  Systal'ticns,  Peristal' tic ;  from 
cvareWij},  {cvv,  and  cTiXXia,)  'I  contract.'  A  sys- 
taltic motion  in  a  part  is  one  in  which  there  is 
alternate  contraction  and  dilatation.   See  Systole. 

SYSTAT'IC.4,  from  (rwiarrini,  {aw,  and  laTtjfit, 
'  I  place,')  '  I  associate.'  Diseases  aiFecting  seve- 
ral or  all  of  the  sensorial  powers  simultaneously; 
irritation  or  inertness  of  mind,  extending  to  the 
muscles,  or  external  senses;  or  of  the  muscles, 
or  external  senses,  extending  to  the  mind;  —  the 
4th  order,  class  Neurotica,  of  Good. 

SYSTEM,  Syste'ma,  from  aw,  '  together,' and 
larrini,  '1  place.'  This  word,  taken  in  a  good 
sense,  means  the  collection  and  arrangement  of 
different  matters  having  an  analogy  to  each  other, 
or  working  towards  the  same  end.  In  natural 
history,  it  means  a  methodical  arrangement  of 
beings  for  the  purpose  of  facilitating  their  study. 
System  is,  however,  sometimes  used  in  an  unfa- 
vourable sense  in  physical  science,  and  often 
means,  —  a  purely  gratuitous  supposition,  by 
which  the  march  of  nature  is  attempted  to  be 
universally  explained,  and  to  which  every  thing 
is  made  to  bend.  In  anatomy,  system  is  an  as- 
semblage of  organs,  composed  of  the  same  tissues, 
and  intended  for  similar  functions  ;  for  instance, 
the  nervous  system,  muscular  system,  i'C. 

SYS'TEMATISM.  A  method,  according  to 
which  ever}^  fact  of  a  science  is  collected  around 
an  opinion,  true  or  false.  One  who  reduces  things 
to  such  a  method  is  called  a  Sys'tematist. 

SYS'TEMATIST,  see  Systematism. 

SYSTEMATOL'OGY,  Systematolog"ia,  from 
avarriiia,  ' sj'stem,' and  Xoyos,  'a  discourse.'  The 
doctrine  or  a  treatise  of  systems. 

SYSTEME  VASCULAIPE  A  SANG  NOIR, 
see  Vascular  —  s.  Vascidaire  d  sang  rouge,  see 
Vascular. 

SYSTEMIC.  Belonging  to  the  general  sys- 
tem—  as  'systemic  circulation'  in  contradistinc- 
tion to  the  ' j)ulmonic.' 

SYS'TOLE.  Same  etymon  as  Systaltic;  Sys- 
tal'sis,  Constric'tio.  Contrac'tioscxx  Angustn'tio  seu 
Suhmissio  seu  dlica'tio  cordis.  The  movement 
of  constriction  or  contraction  of  the  heart,  to  give 
impulse  to  the  blood,  or  to  cause  its  progression. 
It  is  opposed  to  the  Diastole  of  the  organ. 

SYS'TOLIC,  Systol'icus  ;  same  etymon.  Re- 
lating to  the  systole  of  the  heart,  —  as  'systo'io 
murmur.' 

SYZYGIUM  NERVORUM,  Par  nervoruia. 


841 


TABES 


T. 


T  Ba^jdage,  T.  fas'cia,  Fas'cia  T.  formis  seu 
Heliodo'ri,  Cru'cial  Bandage.  A  bandage  shaped 
like  the  letter  T.  It  consists  of  a  strip  of  linen, 
of  variable  length  and  breadth,  the  middle  of 
■which  is  attached,  at  right  angles,  to  the  extre- 
mity of  another  strip,  also  of  variable  length  and 
breadth.  When  two  such  strips  are  attached,  at 
a  distance  from  each  other,  the  bandage  is  called 
a  double  T.  This  bandage  is  used,  principally, 
for  supporting  the  dressings  after  the  operation 
for  fistula  in  ano,  in  diseases  of  the  perinEeum, 
groin,  anus,  &c. 

T  Fascia,  T  Bandage. 

TAB  AC,  Jficotiana  tabacum — t.  des  Savoyards, 
Arnica  montana — t.  des  Vosges,  Arnica  montana. 

TABACUM,  Nicotiana  tabacum. 

TABARZET,  Saccharum  album. 

TAB'ASHEER,  Tahaschir,  Tahax'ir.  A  sub- 
Stance  found  in  the  knots  of  the  bamboo,  in  the 
East  Indies,  as  a  consequence  of  a  morbid  condi- 
tion of  the  part.  It  is  distinguished  for  its  great 
proportion  of  silicic  acid,  in  combination  with  a 
small  quantity  of  mineral  and  vegetable  matters ; 
as  well  as  for  its  slight  refractive  property.  It 
has  been  used  in  obstruction  of  the  bowels.  The 
sweet  juice  of  the  bamboo  stalks  has  also  been 
called  Tabasheer. 

TABEFACTION",  Emaciation.  " 

TABEFY,  Emaciate. 

TABEL'LA,  Tab'ula,  Tabida'him,  Lozan'ga, 
Lozan'gia,  Mor'snlus,  Iforsel'his,  a  lozenge;  Tes- 
eel'la,  (F.)  Tablette,  'a,  small  table.'  A  solid 
medicine,  composed  of  a  powder,  sugar,  and  mu- 
cilage ;  and  generally  shaped  like  a  disk.  See 
Pastil,  and  Troch. 

Tabella,  Table. 

TABELLiE  ABSORBENTES,  T.  de  Mag- 
nesia. 

Tabella  Ac"idi  Oxal'ici,  T.  ad  sitem,  Lo- 
zenges of  Oxalic  Acid.  [Acid,  oxalic.  ^,  saech. 
alb.  3^ss,  ol.  limonis,  gtt.  xviij  vel  gtt.  xij.  Make 
into  lozenges  with  mucilage  of  gum  tragacanth. 
Ph.  P.)  Lozenges  are  made  in  the  same  way 
•with  the  citric  and  tartaric  acids.  They  are  re- 
frigerant. 

Tabella  de  Alth.e'a,  Lozenges  of  Marsli- 
malloros.  (Bad.  althcBCB,  pulv.,  ^iss,  saeehar.  alb. 
pulv.  ,^ ivss ;  f.  massa.  Ph.  P.)  Demulcent;  ex- 
pectorant. 

Tabellj];  Antdionia'les  Kuxcke'lii,  Talella 
de  stib'ii  sidphiire'to,  Lozenges  of  Sulph'nret  of 
Ant'imon}/,  ilor'suU  aniimonia'les,  3f.  stibii,  if. 
stibia'ti,  Trochis'ci  stibiati.  [Amygdal.  dulc.  ^], 
sacch.  Ibss,  sem.  cardan).,  cinnam.  jjulv.,  sidjih. 
anlim,  prapar.,  aa  §j  ;  fiant  tabella;.  Ph.  P. 
Each  to  weigh  10  grains.)  Recommended  in 
cutaneous  diseases,  blennorrhagia,  arthritic  pains, 
&c.     Dose,  4  or  more. 

Tabellj3  ad  Ardoreh  Ventriculi,  Troehisci 
carbonatis  calcis  —  t.  Cardialgicse,  Troehisci  car- 
bonatis  calcis. 

Tabell.e  de  Cat'echu  et  Magne'sia,  Lo- 
zenges of  Catechu  and  3Iagnesia,  (F.)  Tablettes  de 
cachou  et  de  magnesie.  (P.  catech.  ^vj,  p.  magn.es. 
5iv,  p.  cinnam.  ^iij,  saceJi.  alb.  Ibss,  g.  trngao. 
gT.  xij,  aq.  cinnam.  q.  s.  ut  f.  massa.  Ph.  P. 
Each  to  weigh  12  gr.)  Antacid,  absorbent,  and 
stomachic.     Dose,  5  to  10  lozenges. 

TabelLyE  Cincho'n^,  T.  de  kind  l-ind,  Bark 
Lozenges.  (Ext.  cinchon.  sice,  ^ss,  sacch.  ^iv, 
tin  nam.  ^ss,  mucilag.  g.  trag.  q.  s.  ut  f.  massa. 
Ph.  P.)     Tonic. 


Tabell.e  de  Citro  b:  D-4.oi5THA.MG>  T.  d« 

Scammonio  et  Senna. 

TabelLyE  de  Perro,  SteeZ  lou-^ng-s,  Tahida 
martia'les,  T.  instauran'tes,  T.  antiehlorof'iece. 
(Ferri  Umat.  porphyriz.  ^ss,  p.  cinnam.  ^j,  p. 
sacch.  ^v,  g.  trag.  et  aq.  cinnam.  q.  s,,  tit  fiat 
massa.  Each  lozenge  to  weigh  12  gr.  Ph.  P.) 
Tonic,  stomachic.     Dose,  v  to  x. 

Aromatic  lozenges  of  steel.  These  consist  of 
sulphate  of  iron,  with  a  small  proportion  of  the 
Tincture  of  Canfharides. 

Tabella  deKina  Kina,  T.  cinchonse. 

TabelLvE  de  Magnesia,  T.  absorben'tes,  Mag- 
nesia lozenges.  (Magnes.  ^j,  sacchar.  alb,  ^iv, 
mucil.  g.  tragac.  q.  s.  Ph.  P.)  Absorbent  and 
antacid. 

^  Tabell.e  de  Rheo,  Rhubarb  lozenges.  (P.  rhej 
gss,  sacch.  ^v,  mucilag.  gum.  tragac.  q.  s.  j  f. 
massa.  Each  to  contain  12  grains.  Ph.  P.) 
Stomachic  and  laxative. 

Tabell.e  de  Scamsig'nio  et  Senna  Compos'- 
IT.E,  Compound  lozenges  of  scammony  and  senna, 
T.  de  citro  et  diacar'thamo.  (Scammon.  ^'U' 
Senna  3'^^^'  ^^y'-  o'^s?.  caryoph.  ^j,  corticia 
limon.  confect.  ^j,  sacch.  ^vj  ;  f.  massa.  Ph.  P.) 
Purgative.     Dose,  ^ij  to  ^vj,  or  more. 

Tabell.e  ad  Sitem,  T.  aeidi  oxalici  —  t.  ad 
Sodam,  Troehisci  carbonatis  calcis  —  t.  de  Stibii 
sulphurcto,  T.  antimoniales  Kunckelii. 

TABELLiE  DE  Sttl'phure  Sur'pLiCES,  Simple 
sulphur  lozenges.  (Sulphur  lot.  ^ss,  sacch.  5iv, 
mne.  g.  tragac.  cum  aqua  rosa  praspar.  q.  s.  Ph, 
P.)  Expectorant,  demulcent,  &c.  Used  in  dis- 
eases of  the  chest,  and  in  cutaneous  affections. 
Dose,  a  lozenge. 

Tabell-E  de  Sulph'urb  Compos'itjE,  Com- 
piound  sulphur  lozenges.  (,S'«?jjA.  lot.  ^ij,  acid, 
benzoic,  gr.  xij,  rad.  irid.p.  qSS,  ol.  anisi,  gtt. 
viij,  sacch.  .^vss,  g.  trag.  q.  s.  Ph.  P.)  Aperient, 
expectorant,  and  stimulant.  (?)     Dose,  4  a  dav. 

TABERN.i  MEDICA,  Pharma  copolium.  ' 

TABES,  Maras'mus  Tabes,  Tabum,  Tab'idness, 
from  tabere,  'to  consume;'  Te'Icedon,  Atroph'ia, 
Decline.  Emaciation  of  the  whole  body,  with 
general  languor,  hectic  fever,  and,  for  the  most 
part,  depressed  spirits. 

Tabes,  Atrophy,  Phthisis  —  t.  Coxaria,  Ischio- 
phtbisis  —  t.  Diabetica,  Diabetes  mellitus — t.  Di- 
uretica..  Diabetes  mellitus. 

Tabes  Dorsa'lis,  T.  Dorsna'lis,  Maras'mus 
tabes  dorsa'lis,  Phthisis  no'tias  seu  dorsa'lis  seu 
sicca,  3/yelophthi'sis,  Myelatro2}h'ia,  Tabes  ossis 
sacri.  By  this  term  is  meant  a  wasting  of  the 
body,  attended  at  first  with  a  pain  in  the  back  or 
loins,  and  afterwards  in  the  neck  or  head, — 
caused,  it  has  been  conceived,  by  too  early  or  toe 
frequent  addiction  to  venery. 

Tabes  Glandularis,  T.  mesenterica,  Scrofula 
— t.  Ischiadica,  Ischiophthisis  —  t.  Lactea,  Atro- 
phia lactantium,  see  Galactia. 

Tabes  Mesenter'ica,  Atroph'ia  mesenter'ica, 
Atroph'ia  Infant'um,  A.  glandula' ris,  A.  infanti'- 
lis,  A.  dorsi,  Parabys'ma  mesenter' icum,  Ma'cies 
Infan'tum,  Pcedatroph'ia,  Tabes  glandula'ris,  T. 
Scrofulo'sa,  Scrofula,  mesenterica,  Bachial'gia 
mesenterica,  Miielop)hthi'sis  sicca,  Eebris  hec'ticd 
infan'tum,  Phthisis  mesara'ica,  Physco'nia  me- 
senterica, Mesenter i'tis,  Mesenier'-ic  Pisease,  (P.^ 
Carreau,  Chartre,  Scrofules  ou  Ecrouelles  mesen- 
teriqiies,  Etisie  mesenterique,  liachicdgie  mesente- 
rique.  Atrophic  mesenterique,  Physeonic  mesentt- 
rique,  Entero-meseiiterite,  Tubercles  des  gangliuiut 
mescnteriq^ues,    Phthisic    mesentiriq^ue.      An    0D« 


TABESCERE 


842 


TAENIA 


g<irgement  and  tubercular  degeneration  of  the 
mesenteric  glands,  followed  by  emaciation  and 
general  disorder  of  the  nutritive  functions.  The 
disease  is  often  owing  to  inflammation  or  irrita- 
tion of  the  lining  membrane  of  the  intestines, 
giving  occasion  to  enlargement  of  the  glands  of 
the  mesentery,  —  as  injury  to  the  upper  or  lower 
extremities  causes  inflammation,  and  enlargement 
of  the  lymphatic  glands  of  the  axilla  and  groin. 
It  occurs,  particularly,  in  children  of  a  scrofulous 
diathesis  ;  and  in  those  who  are  weaned  too  early, 
or  fed  on  indigestible  substances.  Diarrhoea, 
emaciation,  anorexia,  or  immoderate  appetite ; 
hardness  and  swelling  of  the  abdomen ;  and,  to- 
wards the  end,  hectic  fever,  are  the  chief  symp- 
toms of  this  affection ;  the  prognosis  of  which  is 
usually  unfavourable.  On  opening  the  bodies  of 
those  who  die  of  the  disease,  the  mesenteric 
glands  are  found  disorganized,  tubercular,  or  in 
a  more  or  less  advanced  state  of  suppuration. 
The  treatment  is  the  same  as  in  scrophulosis. 
Frictions  may  be  added  over  the  abdomen  and 
spine  ;  and  mercury,  in  small  doses,  so  as  to  ex- 
cite a  new  action  in  the  system.  The  food  must 
be  easy  of  digestion,  and  the  bowels  be  kept 
soluble. 

Tabes  ^utricum.  Atrophia  lactantium,  see 
Galactia  —  t.  Ossis  sacri.  Tabes  dorsalis — t.  Pec- 
torea,  Rachitis — t.  Pulmonalis,  Phthisis  pulmona- 
lis — t.  Scrofulosa,  T.  mesenteriea — t.  Senum,  Ma- 
rasmus senilis. 

TABESCERE,  Emaciate. 

TABID,  Tab'idus,  (F.)  Tahide.  Same  etymon 
as  Tabes.  Relating  or  appertaining  to  tabes. 
Wasted  by  disease. 

TABIDNESS,  Tabes. 

TABLE,  Tab'ula,  Tahell'a,  Tahula'tum,  Lam'- 
ina,  Paries,  Squama.  A  name  given  to  the 
plates  of  compact  tissue,  which  form  the  bones 
of  the  cranium.  Of  these,  one  is  external;  the 
other  internal,  and  called  Tab'ula  vi'trea,  on  ac- 
count of  its  brittleness. 

TABLES  BE  MORTALITE,  Mortality, 
bills  of. 

TABLET,  Trochiscus. 

TABLETTE,  Tabella. 

TABLE  TIES  BE  GACHOU  ET  BE  MAG- 
NESTE,  Tabellaj  de  catechu  et  magnesia. 

TABLIEll,  Ventrale  cutaneum. 

TABOURET,  Thlaspi  bursa. 

TABULA,  Tabella,  Table. 

Tabclje  Antichlorotic^,  Tabellte  de  ferro — 
t.  Instaurantes,  Tabellaj  de  ferro  —  t.  Martiales, 
TabelL-e  de  ferro. 

TABULATUM,  Tabella,  Table. 

TABUM,  Ichor,  Sanies,  Tabes. 

TAC,  Influenza. 

TACAMAHACA,  Eagara  octandra  — t,  Ca- 
ragna,  Caranna. 

TACHE,  Macula. 

TACHE  EMBRYONNAIRE,  'Embryonic 
spot;'  Cu'mulus,  Ger'minal  cu'mulus,  Cu'mulns 
qerminati'vus  seu  2^>'olig"eru8,  A'rea  (jerminati'va, 
J)[a'cleu8  cicatric'ulcB  seu  blastoderm' atis.  A  name 
given  by  M.  Coste  to  a  spot  seen  on  the  blasto- 
derma  about  the  end  of  the  first  week,  from 
■which  the  development  of  the  embryo  proceeds. 

According  to  Bischoff,  the  blastodermic  vesicle 
consists  here  of  a  double  laj'er  —  the  upper  one 
the  serous  or  animal ;  the  lower,  the  mucous  or 
vegetative;  and  between  these  is  afterwards 
formed  the  vascular  layer. 

TACHE  GERMINATIVE,  see  Molecule  — «. 
de  Natbsanee,  Naevus. 

TACHBNCAUSIS,  Combustion,  human. 

TAOHES  HEPATIQUES,  Chbasma. 

TACHES   LAITEUSES,    Plaq^uea   laileuaes, 


'milky  spots  or  patches.'  "White  spots  occasion- 
ally seen  on  the  heart,  and  regarded  by  many 
pathologists  as  the  results  of  previous  pericarditis, 

TACHES  BE  ROUSSURE,  EpheUdea  — t. 
Rouges,  Spots,  Red. 

TACHYIA'TER,  TacJiyiatrus.  Same  etymon 
as  the  next.     One  who  cures  speedily. 

TACHYIATRI'A,  from  Tu^t-'f,  'quick,'  and 
la-pua,  '  healing.'     The  art  of  curing  quickly. 

TACH'YTOMT,  Tacky tom'ia,  from  rax«S, 
'quick,'  and  TOj^r],  'incision.'  The  art  of  cutting 
or  operating  rapidly. 

TACITUR'NITT,  Tacitur'nitas,S;ge,  'silence, 
from  tacere,  'to  be  silent.'  'State  of  a  person 
who  does  not  speak.'  Morbid  taciturnity  some- 
times exists  as  a  symptom  of  the  neuroses,  espe- 
cially of  melancholy. 

TACT,  Tactus,  from  tangerc,  facfitm,  'to  touch.' 
A  modification  of  the  sense  of  touch.  Passive 
judgment  by  the  cutaneous  nerves  regarding  bo- 
dies exterior  to  the  skin.  Tact  is  passive :  Touch, 
active. 

TACTILE,  Tac'tilis;  sl^me  etymon.  Relating 
or  appertaining  to  touch. 

TACTION,  Touch. 

TACTUS,  Tact,  Toucn— t.  Dolorificus,  Hapto- 
dysphoria. 

T.^DA,  BcBs,  Sai;.  A  term  used  for  a  medi- 
cine employed  under  the  form  of  fumigation,  pes- 
sary, or  troch. 

TyE'jSTIA,  Te'nia,  Fas'cia,  from  raivia,  'a  fillet, 
a  riband.'  See  Bandage.  Also  a  genus  of  intes- 
tinal worms,  characterized  by  an  elongated,  flat- 
tened, and  articulated  body,  with  four  suctorial 
oseula  on  the  head-  Of  this  genus,  two  only  in- 
habit the  human  body — the  Tcenia  lata,  (see  Bo- 
thriocephalus  latus,)  and  Tcenia  solium. 

T^xiA  AcEPHALA,  Bothriocephalus  latus — t.  ct 
Anneaux  courts,  Bothriocephalus  latus — t.  &  An- 
neaux  longs,  Tffinia  solium  —  t.  Articulos  dcmit- 
tens,  Taenia  solium — t.  Cucurbitina,  Tasnia  solium 
—  t.  Dentata,  Bothriocephalus  latus  —  t.  Grisea, 
Bothriocephalus  latus  —  t.  Hippocampi,  Corpora 
fimbriata — t.  Humana  armata,  Tsenia  solium  —  t. 
Humana  inermis,  Bothriocephalus  latus — t.  Ily- 
datigena.  Hydatid  —  t.  Lata,  Bothriocephalus 
latus — t.  d  Longues  articulations,  TaBnia  solium — 
t.  Membranacea,  Bothriocephalus  latus  —  t.  Ner- 
vosa Halleri,  Ganglion  of  Gasser — t.  Non  arme, 
Bothriocephalus  latus  —  t.  Osculis  lateralibus  ge- 
minis,  Bothriocephalus  latus — t.  Osculis  laterali- 
bus solitariis,  Bothriocephalus  latus  —  t.  Osculis 
marginalibus  solitariis,  Tfenia  solium — t.  Osculis 
superficialibus,  Bothriocephalus  latus — t.  Prima, 
Bothriocephalus  latus  —  t.  Sans  epine,  Taenia  so- 
lium— t.  Secunda,  Tosnia  solium. 

TAENIA  Semicircula'ris,  T.  striata,  Gem'inum 
centrum  semicircida're,  Limbus  jjoste'rior  cor'po- 
ris  stria'ti,  StricB  cor' nea  seu  semiluna'res  seu 
termina'les,  Franulum  novum.  Fascia  semicircu- 
la'ris, (F.)  Bandeleite  des  eminences  pyrifomea 
(Ch.),  Bandelette,  B.  demicirculaire,  Lnine  cornSe. 
A  medullary,  grayish,  semitransparent  layer,  situ- 
ate in  the  groove  that  separates  the  thalamus  op- 
ticus from  the  corpus  striatum  in  the  lateral  ven- 
tricle. 

TvENIA  So'LIUJr,  T.  os'culis  marginal' ihns  soli- 
ta'riis,  Teenia  cucurbiti'na,  TcBuia  huma'na  ar- 
ma'ta,  Hal'ysis  solium,  Vermis  cucurhiti'nus, 
Lumbri'cus  latus,  Tenia  sans  epine,  Tcenia  arti- 
culos demit'tens,  So'linm,  T.  secunda,  Tenia  H 
longues  articulations.  Tenia  a  anneaux-  longs,  Yer 
solitaire,  Y.  cucurbitain.  Long  Toiie  Worm,  has 
an  almost  hemispherical,  discrete  head  :  an  ob- 
tuse beak  ;  the  ne<,k  full  anteriorly* :  all  the  joints 
slightly  obtuse,  the  anterior  very  short ;  the  next 
almost  square,  and  the  rest  oblong;  the  marginal 


T^NIJS 


843 


TAP3AE  FA 


foramina  vaguely  alternatecl.  The  tajnia  solium 
is  commonly  a  few  feet  long:  sometimes  its 
length  is  enormous.  It  is  said  to  have  been  met 
Tfith  600  feet  long.  It  principally  inhabits  the 
small  intestines,  and  is  not  common.  The  oil  of 
turpentine,  in  some  form,  largely  exhibited,  is 
perhaps  the  best  remedy. 

TyExiA  Striata,  T.  semicircularis  —  t.  Tarini, 
Lamina  cornea — t.  Tenella,  Bothriocephalus  latus 
— t.  Vulgaris,  Bothriocephalus  latus. 

T^NI^  COLI,  see  Colon. 

TjE'NIAFUGE,  TcBniaf'vgum,  from  tcetvia, 
and  fugo,  '1  drive  oflV  A  remedy  calculated  to 
expel  tasnia. 

T^ENIOLA,  Bandelette.  Used  by  Gerber  for 
a  simple,  band-like,  or  flat  fibre,  Filum  tcBiiia- 
forme,  seen  under  the  microscope. 

TAFFETAS  AGGLUTINATIF,  Sparadra- 
pum  adhajsivum  —  t.  d' Angleterre,  see  Sparadra- 
pum  adho3sivum  —  t.  Fpispastique,  Sparadrapum 
vesicatorium  —  t.  Gomme,  see  Sparadrapum  ad- 
hajsivum — t.  Vesicant,  Sparadrapum  vesicato- 
rium. 

TAFIA,  Rum. 

TAILLADE,  Incision,  see  Entaille. 

TAILLE,  Lithotomy  —  t.  Hypogasfn'qve,  Hy- 
pogastric operation  of  lithotomy,  see  Lithotomy 
— t.  Par  le  rectum,  see  Lithotomy — t.  Postenenre, 
see  Lithotomy- — t.  Becto-vesicale,  see  Lithotomy 
■ — t.  Sus-puhienne,  see  Lithotomy. 

TAKAMAHAKA,  Fagara  octandra. 

TAL.  A  word  formerly  employed  for  alkali. 
It  also  meant  the  dung  of  the  peacock. 

TALC  EARTH,  Magnesia. 

TALCUM  NEPHRITICUM,  Nephreticus 
lapis. 

TALEN'TUM,  Tn\avTov.  An  ancient  weight 
equal  to  5-4  pounds,  2  oz.,  5  dr.,  and  24  grains 
Poids  de  3[arc.     See  Weights  and  Measures. 

TALEOLUS,  Malleolus. 

TALIACOTIAN  OPERATIOlSr,  Rhinoplastic. 

TALINUM  UMBELLATUM,  see  Mistura. 

TALIPES,  Kyllosis   (Clubfoot) —  t.  Equinus, 
see  Kyllosis  —  t.  Valgus,  see  Kyllosis  —  t.  Varus, 
■  see  Kyllosis. 

TALON,  see  Caleaneum. 

TALPA,  '  a  mole.'  Tojihia' ria,  Tuphia'ria, 
Talpa'ria,  Testu'do,  (F.)  Taupe.  A  tumour  situ- 
ate on  the  head,  which  has  been  supposed  to 
burrow  like  a  mole. 

TALPARIA,  Talpa. 

TALUS.  Astragalus,  Malleolus,  see  Caleaneum. 

TAMARA  CONGA,  Averrhoa  carambola, 

TAMAR.EA  ZECLA,  Tamarindus. 

TA3IARIN,  Tamarindus. 

TAMARIN'DI  PULPA,  Pulp  of  tamarinds, 
(Tamarinds,  q.  s.  Digest  them  with  a  small 
quantity  of  water,  until  they  become  of  a  uniform 
consistence;  then  separate  the  seeds  and  fila- 
ments, by  pressing  through  a  hair-sieve.  Ph.  U.  S.) 

TAMARINDS,  PULP  OF,  Tamarindi  pulpa. 

TAMARIN'DUS,  T.  In'dica,  Thamarindus, 
Oxiphcenicon,  Sil'iqua  Arah'ioa,  Balampul'li, 
TamarcB' a  zecla,  Oxyphoeni'cia,  Aca'cia  Indica, 
Tamarind  tree,  (F.)  Tamarin.  Family,  Legu- 
minos£e.  Sex.  Syst.  Triandria  Digynia.  The  pulp 
of  the  tamarind  with  the  seeds  connected  by  nu- 
merous tough  strings,  is  exported  from  the  West 
Indies,  preserved  in  syrup,  —  Tamarindus,  (Ph. 
U.  S.)  It  is  refrigerant  and  laxative.  Tamarind 
vihey  is  made  by  boiling  ^ij  of  the  pulp  "with  Ibiss 
of  milk.  When  strained,  it  is  used  as  a  diluent 
in  fever. 

TAMARISCUS,  Tamarix  GalHca. 

TAM'ARIX,  T.  Gal'lica,  T.  Pentan'dra,  Ta- 
maris'cus.  The  Tamarisk  tree.  Family,  Portu- 
lacese.     Sex.  Si/et.  Pentaudria  Pentagynia.     The 


bark,  wood,  and  leaves  were  formerly  employerl 
medicinally;  —  the  former  for  its  aperient  and 
corroborant  virtues,  in  obstructions  of  the  liver; 
the  latter  in  icterus,  heemoptysis,  and  some  cu- 
taneous afl'ections. 

TAMBOUR,  CAVITE  BU,  Tjnnpanum. 

TAMPA  BAY,  see  Saint  Augustine. 

TAMPON,  see  Plugging. 

TAiVP OA'NEiVENT,  Plugging. 

TANACE'TUM,  T.  vxdga're,Tana'sia,Atliana'- 
sia,  Parthe'nium  was.  Tansy,  (F.)  l\inaisie  vxd- 
gaire.  Family,  Corymbiferas.  Sex.  Syst.  Syn- 
genesia  Polygamia.  The  leaves  and  flowers  of 
tansy  have  a  peculiar,  strong  odour,  and  warm, 
bitter  taste.  They  are  tonic,  deobstruent(?),  and 
anthelmintic.  Dose,  ^ss  to  ^j-  l^ie  infusion  is 
usually  drunk  as  tea. 

Tanace'tum  Balsami'ta,  Balsami'ta  mas  seu 
vulga'ris,  B.  suaveolens,  B.  major,  Tanacetum  Tior- 
ten'se,  Costus  Jiorto'rum,  Mentha  Boma'na  seu 
Saracen'ica,  Costmary,  Alecost,  Cock-mint,  (F.) 
Mentli.e  coq,  Herhe  au  coq.  Grand  Baume.  A  fra- 
grant-smelling herb,  somewhat  resembling  mint, 
and  formerly  much  esteemed  as  a  corroborant, 
carminative,  and  emmenagogue. 

Tanacetum  Hortense,  T.  balsamita. 

Tanace'tum  Multiflg'rum.  A  South  African 
plant,  which  is  used  as  a  tonic,  antispasmodic 
and  anthelmintic.  It  is  given  in  flatulenc}',  gout, 
amenorrhcea  and  dropsy  :  but  is  especially  pre- 
scribed in  cases  of  ascarides  lumbricoides  and 
other  entozoa.  It  is  administered  in  the  form  of 
powder  or  infusion;  the  latter  acting  also,  as  a 
diaphoretic  and  diuretic.  It  is  used  likewise  as 
a  resolvent  and  anodyne  fomentation. 

TANAISIE  VULGAIRE,  Tanacetum. 

TANASIA,  Tanacetum. 

TANGE,  rayyj;,  'rancidity.'  A  putrescent 
tumour. 

TANINUM,  Tanninum. 

TANNIC  ACID,  Tannin. 

TANNICUM  PURUM,  Tannin. 

TANNIN,  from  (F.)  tanner,  'to  tan.'  Tan'. 
nictim purum,  Tanni'num,  Tani'num,  Princip'inm 
adsiringens  seu  Scytodep'sicum  seu  Byrsodep'- 
sicum  seu  Coria'ceum,  Scytodep'sium,  Acidum 
Tnn'nieum,  A.  Quercitan'nicum,  Tannic  acidf 
(F.)  Acide  tannique.  A  principle  obtained  from 
oak  bark  and  other  astringent  vegetables,  so 
called  from  its  forming  the  principal  agent  in  the 
process  of  tanning.  Pure  tannin,  obtained  from 
galls,  by  the  action  of  ether,  (see  Ph.  U.  S.)  has 
been  eraploj'ed  as  an  excellent  and  powerful 
astringent.  Dose,  two  grains  repeated  several 
times  a  day. 

TANSY,  Tanacetum  — t.  Wild,  Potentilla  an- 
serina. 

TAPER,  HIGH,  Verbaseum  nigrum. 

TAPE'TUM,  Ta'pestry,  Tapie'tum  cTioro'idea. 
A  shining  spot,  on  the  outside  of  the  optic  nerve, 
in  the  eyes  of  certain  animals,  which  is  owing  to 
the  absence  of  the  pigmentum  nigrum,  occasion- 
ing the  reileetion  of  a  portion  of  the  rays  from  the 
membrana  Ruyschiana.  Its  use  appears  to  be, 
by  reflecting  the  rays,  to  cause  a  double  impres- 
sion on  the  retina,  and  thus  add  to  the  intensity 
of  vision. 

Tapetum,  see  Corpus  Callosum. 

Tapetum  Alve'oli,  Memhra'na  exter'na  den'- 
tium.  The  outer  membrane  of  the  teeth.  Tho 
lining  membrane  or  periosteum  of  the  alveoli. 

TAPEWORM,  BROAD,  Bothriocephalus  latua 
—  t.  Long,  Taenia  solium. 

TAPIOCA,  see  Jatropha  manihot  —  t.  l-earl, 
see  Jatropha  manihot. 

TAPSUS  BARBATUS,  Verbaseum  nigruia. 

TAPSARIA,  Decoctum  hordei. 


TAR 


844 


TABTRE  BRUT 


TAR,  see  Plnus  sylvestris  —  t.  Barbadoes,  Pe- 
troleum —  t.  Mineral,  Pissasphaltum. 

TAR'ACHE,  Tarax'is,  Tarag'ma,  Taraghniis, 
'disorder.'  A  disorder  of  sight,  which  arises 
from  a  blow,  compression  of  the  eye,  or  the  action 
of  dust,  smoke  or  other  external  cause.  By  some, 
It  is  understood  to  signify  mild  or  incipient  oph- 
thalmia. 

"tagaxi  rns  Koi\ias,  '  disturbance  of  the  belly.'* 
Diarrhoea.  » 

TARAGMA,  Taraehe. 

TARAGMIJS,  Taraehe. 

TARAGON,  Artemisia  draeunculus. 

TARANTALISMUS,  Tarantismus. 

TARANTISM'US,  Tarentis'wns,  Tarantalis'- 
miis,  Diiioma'nia,  Ghore'a  Sancti  Valenti'nr, 
Taren'tniism,  Tar'antism.  A  feigned  or  imagin- 
ary disease  in  Apulia,  characterized  by  excessive 
avidity  for  dancing  at  the  sound  of  instruments, 
and  which  was  ascribed,  by  the  vulgar,  to  the 
bite  of  the  tarantula.  A  sort  of  tarantismus,  con- 
sidered peculiar  to  Africa,  and  believed  to  be 
spontaneous,  has  been  called  Tarentismus  Tan- 
gita'niiSy  Janon-tarentisme, 

TARAN'TULA,  from  Tarentum  or  Tarento, 
a  town  of  Italy  where  it  abounds ;  Taren'tula, 
(F.)  Tarentule.  A  species  of  spider — the  Ara'nea 
Tarentula  of  Linnasus,  Lyco'sa  Tarentula  of  La- 
treille,  whose  bite  has  been  looked  upon  as  dan- 
gerous.    Music  has  been  thought  to  cure  it. 

TARASCON,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Cha- 
lybeate springs  in  the  department  of  Arriege, 
France.     They  contain  iron  and  carbonic  acid. 

TARAXACUM,  Leontodon  taraxacum  —  t. 
Dens  leonis,  Leontodon  taraxacum. 

TARAXIS,  Taraehe,  see  Ophthalmia. 

TARCHON  SYLVESTRIS,  Achillea  ptarmica. 

TARENTISMUS,  Tarantismus  —  t.  Tangi- 
tanus,  Tarantismus. 

TARENTULA,  Tarantula. 

TARENTULISM,  Tarantismus. 

TARGAR,  Juniperus  communis. 

TARI.  Palm  or  cocoa  wine,  from  which  sugar 
was  obtained,  called  Jagre.  It  was  once  used  as 
a  tonic. 

TARI'NI  PONS,  Tnterpedun'cnlar  space,  Pos- 
terior p)erforated  space,  Locus  perfora' tus  ■posti'- 
cus.  A  cineritious  substance,  between  the  cor- 
pora albicantia-,  which  assists  in  forming  the  bot- 
tom of  the  third  ventricle. 

TARO,  Arum  esoulentum. 

TARQUETTE,  Horniaria  glabra. 

TAPtSAL,  Tar'seus,  That  which  relates  to  the 
tarsus. 

Tarsal  Articdlations  result  from  the  union 
of  the  bones  of  the  tarsus  with  each  other. 

TAR'SEA  LATA  (LIGAMENTA).  Three 
ligaments,  described  by  Winslow  as  stretching 
from  the  edge  of  the  orbit  to  that  of  the  tarsi, 
with  which,  he  thought,  they  formed  a  complete 
layer  of  the  eyelids.  Zinn  could  not  trace  the 
ligaments  all  the  way  to  the  tarsi;  whilst  Haller 
doubted  altogether  their  ligamentous  texture,  ahd 
Zeis  regards  them  as  merely  areolar  substance. 
TARSEUS,  Tarsal. 

TARSO-METATARSAL,  Tarso-metntar' seus. 
That  which  relates  to  tarsus  and  metatarsus. 

Tarso-Mijtatarsal  Articulations  are  those 
between  the  bones  of  the  second  row  of  tlie  tarsus 
and  the  metatarsal  bones.  The  term  Tarso-me- 
tnfnrsal  is  likewise  applied  to  ligaments  connected 
with  these  joints,  some  of  which  are  dorsal,  and 
others  plnntar. 

TA  KSO-META TARSI-PHALANGTEN  D  U 
I  OVOE^  Adductor  poUicis  pedis — t.  PJialanr/ien 
du  pi  nice,  Flexor  brovis  pollicis  pedis  —  t.  Sous- 
^lialanyien  di.,  petit  orteil,  Flexor  brevis  minimi 


digiti  pedis — t.  Sotis-phctlangettien  du  premier  or- 
teil. Flexor  brevis  pollicis  pedis. 

TARSOPHY'MA,  from  Tarsus,  and  ^vjxa,  'a 
tumour.'     A  swelling  of  the  tarsus. 

TARSOR'RHAPHY,  Tarsorraph'ia,  from  tar. 
sus,  'the  tarsal  cartilage,'  and  pa(pr!,  'suture.' 
An  operation  for  diminishing  the  size  of  the 
opening  between  the  eyelids,  when  it  is  enlarged 
by  surrounding  cicatrices. 

TARSOT'OMY,  Tarsotom'ia,  from  tarsus,  and 
TO[iri,  '  incision.'  The  section  or  removal  of  the 
tarsal  cartilages. 

TARSUS,  Planta  prima  pedis,  Rasse'ta  seu 
Rasce'ta  pedis,  Pe'dium,  Cavic'idcB  pedis  nodus. 

1.  The  posterior  part  of  the  foot.  The  tarsus 
consists  of  7  bones,  arranged  transversely  in  two 
rows,  between  which  amputation  is  sometimes 
performed.  The  first  or  Tibial  row,  (F.)  Pre- 
miere rangee,  R.  jambiere,  consists  of  the  astra- 
galus and  OS  calcis  ;  the  second  ox  metatarsal,  (F.) 
eeconde  rangee,  R.  metatarsi enne,  of  the  sca- 
phoides,   cuboides,   and  three   ossa  cuneiformia, 

2.  The  Tarsi,  Tarsal  cartilages.  Tarsal  fibro-car- 
tilages,  Orchoi,  Crepid'ines  seu  Coro'nm  seu  Che- 
IcB  seu  Un'gulcB  Palpebra'rum,  Tharsi,  are  two 
small  cartilaginous  layers,  seated  in  the  substance 
of  the  free  edge  of  each  eyelid.  The  upper  is 
larger  and  broader  than  the  lower.  Both  com- 
mence at  the  bifurcated  extremity  of  the  tendon 
of  the  orbicularis  palpebrarum,  and  pass  to  the 
opposite  commissure  of  the  eyelids.  They  are 
broader  in  the  middle  than  at  their  extremities. 

TARTAR,  Antimonium  tartarizatum  (impro- 
perly), Potassaj  supertartras  impurus  —  t.  Cal- 
careous, Potassa3  subcarbonas  —  t.  Crystals  of, 
Potassaj  supertartras  —  t.  Emetic,  Antimonium 
tartarizatum  —  t.  Soluble,  Potassae  tartras,  see 
Potash. 

TARTA'REI  MORBI.  A  term  employed  by 
Para.eelsus  to  designate  certain  diseases  which  he 
attributed  to  tartar. 

TARTAR  I  CRYSTALLI,  Potassse  super- 
tartras. 

TARTAR'IC  ACID,  Ac"idum  tartar'iciim,  A. 
tartaro'snm,  Acor  tartar 'iciis,  Acidum  tar'tari 
essentia'le,  Tarta'reous  acid,  Sal  tartari  essen- 
tiale.  {PotasscB  bitart.  R)iiss,  aq.  destillat.  ferv., 
cong.  iij,  cretm  ppt.  Ibj,  acidi  sidpJi.  Ibj.  Boil  the 
bitartrate  with  two  gallons  of  the  water,  and  gra- 
dually add  the  prepared  chalk,  until  no  more 
bubbles  appear;  let  the  tartrate  of  lime  subside; 
then  pour  off  the  fluid  and  wash  the  tartrate  of 
lime  with  distilled  water,  until  it  is.  tasteless. 
Pour  upon  it  the  sulphuric  acid,  diluted  with  a 
gallon  of  boiling  distilled  water ;  and  set  the 
mixture  aside  for  24  hours,  occasionally  stirring 
i*.  Filter  and  evaporate  to  crystallize.  Ph.  L.) 
It  is  refrigerant  and  antiseptic,  but  is  chiefly 
used-for  making  effervescent  draughts  with  soda. 

TARTARUM,  Potassos  supertartras  impurus — 
t.  Vitriolatum,  Potassa3  sulphas. 

TARTARUS  AMMONIA,  Ammonife  tartras 
—  t.  Chalybeatus,  Ferrum  tartarizatum  —  t.  Cru- 
dus,  Potassaj  supertartras  impurus  —  t.  Dentium, 
Odontolithos  —  t.  Eraeticus,  Antimonium  tartari- 
zatum— t.  Kalicoferricus,  Ferrum  tartarizatum — 
t.  Kalinus,  Potassa;  tartras— t.  Lixivite,  Potass£B 
tartras  —  t.  Martialis,  Ferrum  tartarizatum  —  t. 
Potassas  fcrruginosus,  Ferrum  tartarizatum  —  t. 
Subpotassicus,  Potasses  supertartras — t.  Superpo- 
tassicus,  Potassae  supertartras — t.  Tartarizatus, 
Potassa)  tartras. 

TARTRATE  D'AiniONIAQUE,  Ammonise 
tartras. 

TARTRE  BRUT,  Potass*  supertartras  impu- 
rus— t.  Oni,  Potassfe  supertartras  impurus — t.  dea 
Bents,  Odontolithos  —  t.  Emetique,  Antimonium 


TARTRUM 


845 


TELEPHIUM 


tartarizatum  —  t.  Stibii,  Antimonium  tartariza- 
tum. 

TARTRUM  SOLUBILE,  Potassse  tartras. 

TASIS,  Extension,  Tension. 

TASTE,  Gustus,  Geusis,  Geitma,  Geuthmos,  (F.) 
Gout.  One  of  the  five  external  senses,  which  in- 
structs us  of  the  savours  of  bodies,  and  of  which 
the  tono-ue  is  the  principal  organ. 

Gustation,  Gustatio,  is  the  exercise  of  this  fa- 
culty. In  disease,  the  taste  frequently  becomes 
variously  vitiated.  The  nerves  of  taste  are  pro- 
bably the  lingual  branch  of  the  fifth  pair  and  the 
glosso-pharyngeal. 

Taste,  Savour. 

TAUPE,  Talpa. 

TAUROCOL'LA,  from  ravpo?,  'a  bull,'  and 
KoWa,  '  glue.'  Glue  made  of  the  ears  and  genitals 
of  the  bull.     It  was  formerly  much  esteemed. 

TAURUS,  Penis,  Perineum. 

TAXIS,  'arrangement;'  from  raaab),  'J.  order,' 
*I  arrange;'  lie2)osit"io,  lieduc'tio,  Syntax'is.  A 
methodical  pressure  exerted  by  the  hand  on  a 
hernial  tumour,  for  the  purpose  of  reducing  it. 
This  operation  is  generally  easy  in  herniaj  that 
are  free  from  adhesions,  of  small  size,  and  with  a 
large  opening  into  the  sac  ;  but  it  is  very  difiicult 
and  frequently  impracticable  in  those  that  are 
adherent  or  strangulated.  To  perform  the  taxis, 
the  patient  should  be  put  in  the  horizontal  pos- 
ture, and  in  one  in  which  the  parietes  of  the  ab- 
domen are  relaxed.  The  manual  procedure  va- 
ries in  each  species  of  hernia.  In  all  cases,  too 
strong  pressure  of  the  parts  must  be  avoided ;  as 
inflammation  and  gangrene  might  be  induced. 
The  displaced  organs  must  be  pushed  into  the 
abdomen,  according  to  the  direction  of  the  axis 
of  the  hernial  sac.  The  reduction  is  sometimes 
favoured  by  blood-letting  ad  deliquiiwi ;  the 
warm  bath  ;  warm  fomentations  ;  tobacco ;  emol- 
lient glysters ;  and,  at  times,  by  cold  applications, 
as  ice,  Ac.  In  a  case  of  strangulated  hernia, 
should  the  taxis  fail,  an  operation  becomes  ne- 
cessary. 

TAXUS  BACCA'TA.  The  Yeio  tree,  Smilax, 
Sniilas,  Thym'cdos,  (F.)  If.  Family,  Coniferse. 
Sex.  Syst.  Dioecia  Mouadelphia.  The  ancients 
believed  the  yew  to  be  poisonous;  but  the  fruit 
may  be  eaten  without  inconvenience.  The  leaves 
have  been  often  recommended  in  epilepsy.  The 
resin,  obtained  from  the  bark,  has  been  called 
albir. 

TA  YE.  Caligo. 

TAYLOR'S  REMEDY  FOR  DEAFNESS, 
see  Allium. 

TEA,  Thea  —  t.  Apple,  see  Apple  tea  —  t.  Ba- 
hama, Lantana  camara  —  t.  Beef,  see  Beef  tea  — 
t.  Berried,  Gaultheria  —  t.  Berry,  Gaultheria — t. 
Blaukenheim,  see  Galeopsis  grandiflora  —  t.  Bra- 
zil, Lantana  pseudothea — t.  Bushman's,  Methj's- 
cophyllum  glaucum  —  t.  Caffre,  Helichrysum  nu- 
difolium  —  t.  Chicken,  see  Chicken  tea  —  t.  Flax- 
seed, Infusum  Lini  compositum — t.  Ginger,  Infu- 
sum  Zingiberis  —  t.  Hottentots',  Helichrysum 
serpyllifolium — t.  Labrador,  Ledum  latifolium — 
t.  Lemon-peel,  see  Citrus  medica  —  t.  Marsh,  Le- 
dum palustre  —  t.  Mexico,  Chenopodium  ambro- 
sioides — t.  Mountain,  Gaultheria — t.  Mutton,  see 
Mutton  tea — t.  New  Jersey,  Celastrus — t.  Oswego, 
Monarda  coccinea — t.  Redberry,  Gaultheria  —  t. 
Slippery  elm,  Infusum  Lini  compositum — t.  Soot, 
see  Fuligokali — t.  South  sea.  Ilex  vomitoria  —  t. 
Spanish,  Chenopodium  amlsrosioides  —  t.  Veal, 
gee  Veal  tea. 

TEAR,  Sa.x.Zeatf,  Lac'ryma,  Laeh'ryma,  Lac'- 
rima,  Lac'riima,  Dacry,  Dac'ryma,  Dac'ryon, 
Humor  lacryma'Us,  Eyedroj),  (F.)  Larme.  An  ex- 
crementitious  humour,  secreted  by  the  lachrymal 
gland,  and  poured  between  the  globe  of  the  eye, 


and  the  eyelids,  to  facilitate  the  motions  of  those 
parts.  The  tears  are  saline,  inodorous,  and  co- 
lourless. They  turn  the  syrup  of  violets  green  ; 
and  contain  chloride  of  sodium,  ■nith  excess  of 
base,  phosphates  of  lime  and  soda,  and  albumen. 

TEARS,  DEERS',  Bezoar  of  the  deer. 

TEASEL,  CULTIVATED,  Dipsacus  sylves- 
tris. 

TEAT,  Nipple. 

TEAZEL,  Eupatoritim  perfoliatum. 

TECEDON,  Phthisis. 

TECNOCTONIA,  Infanticide. 

TECOLITHOS,  Judseus  (lapis.) 

TECO'MA  RADI'CANS,  Bigno'nia  radi'cana, 
Trumpet  floioer.  Trumpet  creeper,  Virgin'ia  creep- 
er. Indigenous;  the  orange  and  scarlet  flowers 
appearing  in  July.  Order,  Bignoniacese.  The 
leaves  are  acrid. 

TECTARIA  CALAHUALA,  see  Calagualse 
radix — t.  Ferruginea,  see  Calaguala;  radix. 

TEETH,  see  Tooth  —  t.  Eye,  Canine  teeth— t. 
Jaw,  Molar  teeth — t.  Milk,  see  Dentition — t.  Neck 
of  the,  CoUum  dentium  —  t.  Vitreous  substance 
of  the.  Enamel  of  the  teeth. 

TEETHING,  Dentition. 

TEGIMEN,  Integument. 

TEGMEN,  Integument. 

TEGULA  HIBERNICA.  Hibernicus  lapis. 

TEGUMEN,  Integument. 

TEGUMENT,  Integument. 

TEGUMEN'TARY.  Relating  or  appertaining 
to  the  integumetit. 

TEGUMEN'TUM,  Integument  — t.  Auris,  see 
Tympanum  —  t.  Ventriculorum  cerebri.  Centre, 
oval,  of  the  brain. 

TEIGNE,  Pityriasis,  Porrigo,  Porrigo  lupinosa 
—  t.  Annidaire,  Porrigo  scutulata — t.  en  Anneau, 
Porrigo  scutulata  —  t.  Faveuse,  Porrigo  favosa  — 
t.  Furfaraeee,  Porrigo  furfurans — t.  Nummulaire, 
Porrigo  scutulata. 

TEINESMOS,  Tenesmus. 

TEINODYN'IA  ;  from  rzivuv,  '  to  extend,'  and 
o&vvr],  'pain.'     Pain  of  the  sinews  or  tendons. 

TEINOPHLOGO'SIS;  from  teivziv,  'to  ex- 
tend,' and  (pXoywai?,  'inflammation.'  Inflamma- 
tion of  the  sinews  or  tendons.    ^ 

TEINTURE,  Tincture— <.  Etlierie,  iEthereal 
— t.  Eubefiante,  Tinctura  cantharidis. 

TEKEDON,  Tabes. 

TELA,  Texture,  Tissue  —  t.  Aeeidentalis  Me- 
dullaris,  Encephaloid  —  t.  Cellulosa,  Cellular  tis- 
sue—  t.  Emplastica,  Sparadrapum  —  t.  Erectilis, 
Erectile  tissue  —  t.  Galteri,  Sparadrapum  Galteri 
— t.  Hippocratis  crihrosa,  Cellular  tissue — t.  Hy- 
menochondroides,  Tissue,  cartilaginous  —  t.  Hy- 
menochondrodes,  Tissue,  cartilaginous  —  t.  Ich- 
thyocollse  glutinans,  see  Sparadrapum  adhsesi- 
vum  —  t.  Inodularis,  Tissue,  inodular  —  t.  Orga- 
nica,  Ilistos  —  t.  Vesicatoria,  Sparadrapum  vesi- 
catorium. 

TELAMON,  Habena, 

TELAMO'NES,  tcXoixidvc;,  'bandages.'  Char- 
pie,  used  for  wounds;  or  linen,  employed  for 
bandages. 

TELANGECTASIS,  Telangiectasia. 

TELANGIECTA'SIA,  Telangiec'tasis,  Telan- 
gec'tasis,  Angieotelecta'sia,  HcBmatotelangio'sis, 
Hasmotelaugio'  sis,  Angiecta'  sia,  Anastomo'  sis 
aneurysmat'ica ;  from  reXog,  'far,'  ayytiov,  'ves- 
sel,' and  cKTaiTig,  'dilatation.'  Dilatation  of  ves- 
sels. Na3vus  maternus.  Aneurism  by  anasto- 
mosis. According  to  some,  fungus  hajmatodes. 
See  Hajmatodes  fungus. 

Telangiectasia  Oculi,  Cirsophthalmus. 

TELEPH'IUM,  Ulcufi  felephinm.  The  ancients 
gave  this  name  to  any  ulcer  of  a  very  bad  kind, 
and  difficult  to  cure,  Vocause  the  ■i^ound,  which 


TELLURISMUS 


TEMP  OR  0 


Achilles  inflicted  on.  Telephus,  degenerated  into 
a  similar  ulcer. 

Telephium,  Sedum  telephium. 

TELLURISMUS,  Magnetism,  animal. 

TELUJI,  Penis. 

TEMPE,  Temple. 

TEM'PERAMENT,  Temperamen'tum,  Temper- 
atu'ra,  Tempera' tio,  Tempe'ries ;  originally  from 
tempus,  'time,'  the  great  tempei-er ;  Complex'io, 
Crasis,  Eucra'sia.  A  name  given  to  the  remark- 
able differences  that  exist  between  individuals,  in 
consequence  of  the  variety  of  relations  and  pro- 
portions between  the  constituent  parts  of  the 
hody.  Thus,  of  old,  it  was  supposed  that,  ac- 
cording to  the  predominance  of  any  one  of  the 
four  humours  then  generally  admitted, —  blood, 
lymph,  bile, 'and  atrabilis  or  black  bile, — the  ma- 
nifestations of  the  functions  were  tempered  or 
modified  so  as  to  give  rise  to  a  sanguine,  lympha- 
tic, choleric,  or  atrabilious  or  melancholic  predo- 
minance or  temperament.  The  idea  of  the  exist- 
ence of  certain  of  these  humours  has  been  ba- 
nished ;  yet  the  influence  of  some,  as  of  the  blood, 
lymph,  and  bile,  is  still  admitted  by  many.  Too 
much  influence  has,  doubtless,  been  assigned  to 
temperament  in  the  sense  in  which  it  was  for- 
merly and  still  is  genei-ally  understood,  although 
there  can  be  no  question  that  difference  of  orga- 
nization occasions  a  difference  in  the  activity  of 
organs. 

TEjiPERAMEjfT,  Bilious,  Choleric  temperament. 

TEM'PERANCE,  Sophros'yne,  NephaV iotes, 
Sobri'etas,  Sohri'ety.  Moderation,  opposed  to 
gluttony  and  drunkenness.  The  advantage  of 
temperance,  in  a  hygienic  point  of  view,  requires 
Xio  comment. 

TEMPERANTS,  Sedatives. 

TEMPERATIO,  Temperament. 

TEMPERATURA,  Temperament. 

TEMPERIES,  Temperament. 

TEMPLE,  Tempus,  Re'gio  Temporalis,  Crot'- 
aphus,  (F.)  Tempe.  A  depression,  on  each  side 
of  the  head,  between  the  forehead  and  eye  ante- 
riorly, and  the  ear  posteriorly.  The  temples,  dis- 
tinguished into  right  and  left,  correspond  to  the 
temporal  fossa  on  each  side.  The  word  is  said 
to  be  from  the  Latin  tempus,  'time,'  because  in 
this  part  the  hair  first  begins  to  turn  white,  and 
to  indicate  age. 

TEMPORAL,  Tewpora'lis.  That  which  re- 
lates to  the  temples. 

Temporal  Aponeuro'sis  is  a  very  strong  apo- 
neurosis, of  a  bluish,  shining  colour,  which  is  at- 
tached to  the  whole  of  the  curved  line  of  the 
temporal  bone  ;  to  the  posterior  edge  of  the  malar 
bouvi;  to  the  superior  margin  of  the  zygomatic 
arch  ;  and  forms  an  envelope  for  the  temporal 
muscle. 

Temporal  Arteries,  Crot'aphite  Arteries,  are 
several :  —  1.  The  Temporal  Artery,  properly  so 
called,  arises  from  the  outer  side  of  the  superior 
part  of  the  external  carotid.  It  ascends  between 
the  ramus  of  the  jaw,  the  meatus  auditorius  ex- 
ternus,  and  the  parotid  gland,  which  covers  it  as 
far  as  the  zygomatic  arch.  Above  this  it  becomes 
subcutaneous;  and,  when  it  has  attained  the 
middle  of  the  temporal  region,  it  divides  into  two 
branches  ;  the  one  anterior — A.  tempora'Us  fron- 
la'lis  seu  inter'na  seu  nnte'rior;  the  other  poste- 
rior—  the  A.  temporalis  occipita'lis  seu  exter'na 
seu  supe'rior.  Tlie  temporal  artery,  before  its 
division,  gives  off,  1.  Branches  to  the  parotid ;  to 
the  joint  of  the  lower  jaw;  to  the  meatus  audi- 
torius, and  to  the  mnsseter.  2.  The  transverse 
arttry  of  the  face.  3.  The  middle  temporal,  which 
ftrises  beneath  the  cheek-bone,  and  traverses  the 
temporal  aponeurosis,  immediately  beneath  that 
boce      II.  The  Deep-seated   Tem'porals.  A.  tem- 


pora'les  profun'dcB.  These  are  two  in  number. 
They  .irise  from  the  internal  maxillary,  and  have 
been  distinguished,  from  their  position,  into  an- 
terior  and  2}osterior.  They  send  their  principal 
divisions  to  the  temporal  muscle. 

Temporal  Bone,  Os  tem'poris  seu  tempora'le 
seu  areua'le  seu  arma'le  seu  parieta'le  inferiua 
seu  crotaphit'icum  seu  memen'to  mori  seu  mendo'- 
simi  seu  crot'aphus,  is  seated  at  the  lateral  and 
inferior  part  of  the  cranium,  of  which  it  forms 
part;  and  contains,  within  it,  the  special  organs 
of  audition.  It  is  usually  divided  into  three 
portions  : — 1.  The  squamous,  Pars  squamo'sa,  Os 
lepidoV des  seu  squamo' sum  seu  squamifor'me,  (F.) 
Portion  Scailleuse  ou  squameuse.  2.  The  mastoid 
portion,  and,  3.  The  Petrous  portion,  Petrous 
Proc"ess,  Pars  petro'sa,  Pyr'amis  trigo'na,  Os 
lapidciim  seu  lapido'sum  seu  saxeum  sen  jjetro'sum 
seu  litho'ides  seu  durum  seu  prmruptas  rupi  assi- 
mila'tum  seu  nervale,  Pars  pyramidalis  ossis  tem- 
pori,  (F.)  Portion  pierreuse,  Rocher,  Os  petreux, 
Apophyse  pyramidale,  A.  p)etree. 

It  hAS,  first,  an  auricidar  or  external  face,  on 
which  is  a  surface  that  makes  part  of  the  tempo- 
ral fossa;  ihSi  zygomatic  process  ;  the  glenoid  ca- 
vity ;  the  fissure  of  G laser  /  the  meatus  audi- 
torius externus  ;  the  mastoid  process  j-  the  digas- 
tric groove;  the  canalis  caroticus  /  the  jugular 
fossa;  the  styloid  process  /  the  stylo-mastoid  fo- 
ramen, &c.  2.  A  cerebral  or  internal  surface, 
which  corresponds  to  the  cavity  of  the  cranium, 
and  on  which  is  the  Pars  petrosa,  the  hiatus  Fal- 
lopii,  the  meatus  auditorius  internus,  the  fissure 
of  the  aqucsductus  vestibuli,  a  portion  of  the  gut- 
ter for  the  lateral  sinus,  &c.  3.  A  circumference, 
on  which  is  observed  the  orifice  of  the  bony  pior- 
tion  of  the  Eustachian  tube  and  the  acqucsductus 
cochlecB,  &c.  The  temporal  bone  is  articulated 
with  the  sphenoid,  occipital,  parietal,  malar,  and 
inferior  maxillary  bones.  It  is  developed  from 
five  points  of  ossification. 

Temporal  Fossa  is  an  excavation,  observed 
at  each  side  of  the  head.  It  is  filled  by  the  mus- 
cle whose  name  it  bears,  and  is  formed  by  the 
temporal  and  sphenoid,  below;  by  the  parietal 
and  frontal  bones,  above ;  is  separated,  by  a 
transverse  crista,  from  the  zygomatic  fossa;  and 
completed,  before,  by  the  cheek-bone. 

Temporal  Muscle,  Tempora'Us,  Crotaphi'tes, 
(F.)  Arcadi-temporo  maxillaire,  Teniporo-maxil- 
laire  (Ch.),  is  a  broad,  flattened,  triangular  mus- 
cle, which  fills  the  temporal  fossa.  Its  fibres  are 
attached  to  the  temporal  aponeurosis  and  fossa ; 
and  all  converge  into  a  strong  tendon,  which 
passes  under  the  zygomatic  arch,  and  is  inserted 
into  the  eoronoid  process  of  the  lower  jaw.  This 
muscle  raises  the  lower  jaw,  and  applies  the  teeth 
against  each  other. 

Temporal  Nerves.  These  are  distinguished 
into  the  superficial  temporal,  furnished  by  the 
inferior  maxillary  branch  of  the  fifth  pair,  behind 
the  condyle  of  the  jaw;  and  the  temporalcs  pro- 
fundi,  —  anterior  and  posterior, — furnished  by 
the  same  nerve,  at  its  exit  from  the  cranium. 
Sommering  has  given  the  name  temporal  to  the 
divisions  sent  by  the  facial  nerve  to  the  temporal 
regions. 

Temporal  Veius  were  formerly  called  uEtoi 
or  Aatoi  Phlebes,  Aq'uilce  VencB. 

TEMPORO-AURICULAIRE,  Attollens  au- 
rem. 

TEM'PORO-FA'CIAL,  Tem'poro-facia'Hs.  Be- 
longing to  the  temple  and  face. 

Temporo-pacial  Nerve,  A^€rt!ws  temporo-faci- 
a'lis.  A  branch  of  the  facial  nerve  distributed 
to  the  face  and  temple. 

TEMP OEO-MAXILL AIRE,  Temporal 
muscle. 


TEMPORO 


Sir 


TENT 


TEMPOEO-MAX'ILLARY,  Te.m'pnro-mnxil- 
la'ris.  That  which  belongs  to  the  temporal  bone 
and  lower  jaw. 

Temporo-maxillaey  Akticulation  or  joint 
of  the  lower  jaw,  is  seated  between  the  glenoid 
cavity  and  transverse  process  of  the  temporal 
Ijone  on  the  one  hand,  and  the  condyle  of  the 
lower  jaw  on  the  other.  Two  thin  cartilages 
cover  the  surfaces  of  these  bones.  The  one  is 
common  to  the  transverse  process  and  the  por- 
tion of  the  glenoid  cavity,  anterior  to  the  fissure 
of  Glaser;  the  other  belongs  to  the  condyle. 
This  articulation  is  furnished  with  an  inter-arti- 
cular fibro-cartilage,  two  synovial  capsules,  and 
two  lateral  ligaments  :  —  the  one  internal,  and 
the  other  external. 

Temporo-maxillary  Nerves  of  Bichat  are 
the  divisions  of  the  facial  nerve,  distributed  to 
the  temporal  and  maxillary  regions. 

TEMPUS,  Temple  — t.  Intercalare,  Apyrexia, 
Intermission. 

TEMULENCE,  Temulentia. 

TEMULEN'TIA,  Ebri'etas,  Ehrios'itas,  Me- 
tJii/s'mns,  Tem'ulence,  Tem'idcncy,  Inehrin'tion, 
Tiitoxiea'tion,  Drunk' enness : — from  wine,  QEno- 
j-ihlyg"ia,  (Enoplilyx'is,  Vinolen'tia,  Vi'nolence, 
(F.)  Ivresse.  Plater  gave  this  name  to  delirium; 
Ettmuller,  to  an  apoplectic  condition,  depending 
upon  drunkenness ;  the  Apo2}lex'ia  Temulen'ta 
or  dtad  drunkenness.  Commonly,  Temulentia  is 
used  synonymously  with  drunkenness,  Ifcthe  ; 
and  h  often  employed  in  the  description  of  dis- 
eases to  indicate  a  state  resembling  drunkenness. 
Mnnia  e  Timtilentid  is  the  same  as  Delirium  Tre- 
mens. 

TENACULA,  Bone-nippers  — t.  Volsella,  For- 
ceps (lithotomy). 

TENACULUM,  from  teneo,  'I  hold.'  A  kind 
of  fine  hook  attached  to  a  handle  which  is  thrust 
through  the  parietes  of  a  blood  vessel  to  draw  it 
out  and  enable  it  to  be  tied. 

Tenaculum,  Assalini's.  An  ingenious  instru- 
ment, invented  by  Assalini.  It  consists  of  a  for- 
ceps, or  double  tenaculum,  the  points  of  which 
are  fine,  sharp,  and  bifurcated,  so  as  to  be  readily 
received  into  each  other  when  the  instrument  is 
closed  on  the  artery,  which  it  is  by  a  spring.  It 
is  of  great  use  when  the  surgeon  has  no  assistant 
at  hand.  The  instrument  is  figured  in  S.  Coop- 
er's "  First  Lines." 

TENAILLE  INCISIVE,  Bone-nippers. 

TENASMUS,  Tenesmus. 

TENDON,  Tendo,  Protierva'fio,  from  ruvo),  '  1 
stretch.'  Tenon,  a  Sinew.  A  fibrous  cord,  more 
or  less  round,  long,  or  flattened ;  of  a  white,  pearl 
colour,  and  composed  of  very  close  parallel  fibres. 
The  tendons  are  attached  to  the  bones,  by  one 
extremity;  by  the  other,  they  receive  the  inser- 
tions of  the  fleshy  fibres  :  sometimes  they  afford 
attachment  to  fleshy  fibres  at  both  ends ;  ■ — ^as  in 
the  digastric  muscle.  The  tendons  must  be  con- 
sidered as  so  many  cords,  for  transmitting  the 
motion  of  muscles  to  the  bones  or  levers. 

TENDON  D'ACHILLE,  Achillis  tendo. 

Tendon,  Cordiform,  of  the  Diaphragm,  Cen- 
tre, phrenic. 

TENDONS,  TWITCHING  OF  THE,  Sub- 
sultus  tendinum. 

TENEOTOMIA,  Tenotomy. 

TENESME,  Tenesmus  — f.  de  VCEsophage, 
(Esophagismus  —  t.   Vesical,  Bradysuria. 

TENES'MUS,  Teines'mos,  Tenas'mus,  from 
Tfivoj,  'I  stretch.'  Pmc'tica  Tenesmus,  Procto- 
fpan'miis,  Obstipa'tio  Tenesmus,  Tinag'miis,  (P.) 
Tenesme,  Epreintcs.  Frequent,  vain,  and  painful 
desires  to  go  to  stool ;  —  one  of  the  chief  symp- 


toms of  inflammation  of  the  lining  membrano  of 
the  digestive  tube,  as  of  dj'sentery. 

Tenesmus  Vesica,  Bradysuria  —  t.  Vesicas 
mueosus,  Cystirrhcea. 

TENETTES,  Forceps  (craniotomy). 

TENIA,  Tffinia. 

TENNESSEE',  MINERAL  "WATERS  -OF, 
On  the  waters  of  the  French  Broad  River,  in  this 
state,  is  a  large,  clear,  thermal  spring.  The  heat 
is  so  great  that,  on  first  going  into  the  water,  it 
is  almost  insupportable. 

TENON,  Tendon. 

TENONT'AGRA,  from  Ttvu>v,  'tendon,'  and 
aypa,  '  seizure.'  A  variety  of  gout,  which  affects 
the  tendinous  parts  of  muscles,  or  the  tendinous 
ligaments  which  strengthen  certain  articulations. 

TENONTOTOMIA,  Tenotomy. 

TENONTOTRO'TI,  from  t£vu>v,  'tendon,'  and 
TiTpiji(TK-ji,  '  I  wound.'  They  who  are  wounded  in 
the  tendons.  —  Galen. 

TENOT'OMY,  Tenotom'ia,  Teneotom'ia,  Te- 
noniom' ia,  Sec'tio  seu  Dissec'tio  ten'dinum,  from 
TS.VMV,  '&  tendon,'  and  roiirj,  incision.'  The  ope- 
ration of  dividing  a  tendon,  often  practised  for 
the  removal  of  loxarthrus,  or  deviation  of  the 
joints — as  in  club-foot.  ^ 

TENSE UR  DE  L'APONEVROSE  FE MO- 
RALE, Fascia  lata  muscle. 

TEN' SI  ON,  Ten'sio,  Tensu'ra,  Tasis,  Diat'- 
asis,  Entonia,  (Enton'ia  is,  also,  used  for  over- 
tension,)  Conten'sio,  Disten'sio^  from  tendere,  'to 
stretch.'  State  of  a  part,  which  is  stretched, 
when  its  textures  are  distended  by  the  afBux 
of  fluids,  or  the  accumulation  of  gas;  or  when 
its  fibres  are  drawn,  as  it  were,  in  an  opposite 
direction,  and  are,  consequently,  more  resisting 
than  usual. 

TENSOR  CHOROIDE^,  Ciliary  muscle  —  t. 
Palati,  Cireumflexus  musculus. 

Tensor  Tarsi.  A  small  muscle,  belonging  to 
the  inner  commissure  of  the  eyelids,  well  de- 
scribed by  Professor  Horner,  of  Philadelphia,  and 
hence  termed  Muscle  of  Horner.  It  is  about  three 
lines  broad  and  six  long;  arises  from  the  poste- 
rior flat  surface  of  the  os  unguis,  near  its  junction 
with  the  ethmoid  bone,  and  passes  forwards  and 
outwards,  lying  on  the  posterior  face  of  the  lach- 
rymal duets.  As  it  approaches  the  commissure 
of  the  lids,  it  splits  into  two  nearly  equal  parts, 
each  of  which  is  appropriated  to  a  duet,  and  in- 
serted along  its  course,  almost  to  the  punctum 
lacrymale.  Its  chief  office  seems  to  be,  to  influ- 
ence the  position  of  the  puneta  lacrymale,  and 
to  regulate  the  course  of  the  tears  through  the 
lachrymal  ducts. 

Tensor  Tym'pani,  Inter'mia  Auris,  Internus 
Mai' lei,  (F.)  Salpingo-malleen.  A  small  muscle, 
which  arises  from  the  petrous  portion  of  the  tem- 
poral bone,  and  the  cartilage  of  the  Eixstachian 
tube,  and  terminates  by  a  tendon,  which  is  re- 
flected over  the  processus  coehleaforinis,  and  is 
inserted  into  the  apophysis  of  the  hanf^le  of  tho 
malleus. 

Tensor  Vagina  Femoris,  Fascia  lata  muscle. 
TENSURA,  Tension. 
TENSUS,  Penis. 

TENT,  Tenta,  Turun'da,  and  its  diminutive, 
Turun'dula,  Penic'ulus,  Penicil'lns,  Penicil'lum, 
Motos,  Lemnis'cHS,  (F.)  Tente,  MecJie,  from  fen- 
tare,  'to  try  or  explore.'  In  surgery,  tents  aro 
small  rolls  of  lint,  of  a  cylindrical  or  pyramidal 
shape,  which  are  introduced  into  wounds  and 
deep  ulcers,  to  prevent  them  from  closing  before 
they  are  filled  up  from  the  bottom.  Tents  are 
sometimes,  also,  made  of  prepared  sponge,  gen- 
tian root,  etc.  They  are  not  so  much  used  a* 
they  formerly  were. 


TEXTACULARl.  > 


8,^8 


TERRA 


fENTACULARIA.FilariahominibVotolii^lis. 
TiSNTACULUM  CEREBELLI,  Ten^oriuoi. 
i:SIsrTA'MEN  MED'ICUM.  'A  medical  trial.' 
Ail  examination  in  medicine,  in  the  Prussian 
universities,  which  is  conducted  both  in  writing 
and  viod  voce  before  the  Dean  of  the  Medical 
Faculty. 

TENTE,  Tent — t.  du  Cervelet,  Tentorium. 
TENTIGO    VENEREA,    Nymphomania  — t. 
Veretri,  Satyriasis. 

TENTIPEL'LUM,  from  fenclo,  '  I  stretch,'  and 
pellis,  'the  skin.'  Ancient  name  of  a  cosmetic, 
with  which,  it  was  pretended,  wrinkles  could  be 
effaced. 

TENTO'RIUM,  T.  cereheVlo  snper-exten' sum, 
T.  cerehelli,  Tentae'ulum  cerehelli,  Sejitum  trans- 
verse (Ch.),  Transverse  septum,  Septum  enccp)^' ali, 
Intersep'ta  liorizonta'Ua  Paccliio'ni,  Proces'sus 
transver'sus  dura  matris.  Lateral  Processes  of  the 
Dura  Hater,  Diaphrag'ma  cer'ehri,  (E.)  Tente  du 
cervelet,  Plancher  du  Cerveau,  from  tender e,  ten- 
turn,  '  to  stretch.'  A  process  of  the  dura  mater, 
which  separates  the  cerebrum  from  the  cerebel- 
lum. It  extends  from  the  internal  horizontal 
spine  of  the  occipital  bone,  directly  forwards  to 
the  sella  Turcica  of  the  sphenoid. 
TE^'TOEIUJt  Cerebelli,  Tentorium. 
TENTUM,  Penis. 

TENTAVORT,  Asplenium  ruta  muraria. 
TENUIS  MATER,  Pia  mater. 
TENUITAS  AQUOSA,  PreJominiura  aquse. 
TEPHROSIA  VIRGINIANA,  Galega  Virgi- 
niana. 

TEPID ARIUM,  see  Stove. 
TEPLITZ,  Toplitz. 
TERAS,  Monster. 

TERATOG"ENY,  Terafogen'ia,  from  rt^ai, 
rcparog,  'a,  monster,'  and  yivea-i;,  'generation.' 
The  formation  of  monsters. 

TERATOL'OGY,  Teratolog"ia,  from  Tzpag,  rep- 
arog,   '  a  monster,'  and  'Soyog,   '  a  discourse.'     A 
description,  or  the  doctrine  of  monsters. 
TERATOSIS,  see  Monster. 
TERCERON,  see  Mulatto  — t.  Black,  see  Mu- 
latto. 

TERBBELLA,  Trepan. 

TEREBENTHINE,  Terebinthina— i.  de  Bor- 
deaux, see  Piuus  sylvestris  —  t.  de  Ohio,  see  Pis- 
tacia  terebinthus — t.  de  Copahu,  Copaiba — t.  Com- 
mune, see  Pinus  sylvestris — t.  d'Egypte,  see  Amy- 
ris  opobalsamum — t.  de  Gilead,  see  Amyris  opo- 
balsamum  —  t.  du  Grand  Caire,  see  Amyris  opo- 
balsamum— t.  de  Jndee,  see  Amyris  opobalsamum 
— t.  de  MeJeze,  see  Pinus  larix. 

TEREBIN'THINA,  from  -cfi/^ivSo?,  or  r^pt^ty- 
Soj,  'the  turpentine  tree.'  Tur'pentine,  Botin, 
Alhotim,  Altillhat,  Brutino,  (F.)  Terebenthine.  A 
substance,  of  the  consistence  of  honey,  which 
flows  from  many  trees  of  the  terebinth aoea3  and 
coniferae  families.  It  is  viscid;  shining;  more 
or  less  transparent;  inflammable;  of  a  warm, 
pungent  taste;  strong  smell;  and  is  entirely 
composed  of  resin  and  essential  oil,  without  ben- 
zoic acid.  It  is  soluble  in  alcohol.  See  Turpen- 
tine, Pinus  palustris  and  Pinus  sylvestris.  All 
the  turpentines  are  stimulant,  diuretic,  and  ca- 
thartic. 

Terebinthixa  Arsentoratensis,  see  Pinus 
picea  —  t.  Balsamoa,  see  Pinus  balsamea— t.  Ca- 
nadensis, see  Pinus  balsamea  —  t.  Chia,  see  Pis- 
tacia  terebinthus  —  t.  Communis,  see  Pinus  syl- 
vestris —  t.  Cypria,  see  Pistacia  terebinthus  —  t. 
Empyreumatiea,  see  Pinus  sylvestris  —  t.  Larici- 
na,  see  Pinus  larix — t.  Veneta,  see  Pinus  larix — 
t.  Vera,  see  Pistacia  terebinthus — t.  A''ulgaris,  sec 
PiDus  sylvestris  —  t.  de  Venise,  see  Piuus  larix. 


^'EKEEINTHUB,  Terminthus— t.  Gummifera, 
rurscra  gummifera  —  t.  Lentiscus,  Pistacia  Icn- 
tiscus  —  t.  Vulgaris,  Pistacia  terebinthus. 
TEREBRA,  Trepan. 
TEREBRATIO,  Trepanning. 
TEREDO  OSSIUM,  Caries,  Spina  ventosa. 
TERES,  Stron'cjylus,  Cylindroi'des,  '  long  and 
round.'     An  epithet  given  to  many  organs,  the 
fibres  of  which  are  collected  into  round  fasciculi. 
Teres    Ligajien'tum,    (F.  )    Ligament    rand. 
This  name  is  given  to  the  round  ligament  in  the 
cotyloid    cavitj'  of   the  os  innominatum,  which 
is  attached  to  the  head  of  the  bone,  and  to  the 
bottom  of  the   cavity.      It  is,  also,  given  to  a 
small  fibrous  fascia,"which  extends  from  the  co- 
ronoid  process  of  the  ulna  to  below  the  bicipital 
tubercle  of  the  radius. 

Teres  Major,  (F.)  Anguli-scapulo-'humiral, 
Scap)xdo-humeral  (Ch.),  Grand  rond,  is  situate  at 
the  inferior  and  posterior  part  of  the  shoulder. 
It  is  attached,  on  the  one  hand,  to  the  outer  sur- 
face of  the  scapula;  to  the  corresponding  part  of 
its  axillary  margin;  and,  on  the  other,  to  the 
posterior  margin  of  the  bicipital  groove  of  the 
humerus.  It  carries  the  arm  backwards  and 
inwards,  and  carries  it,  also,  inwards  in  rotation. 
When  it  acts  with  the  longissimus  dorsi  and  pec- 
toralis  major,  it  applies  the  arm  against  the  late- 
ral part  of  the  chest,  and  keeps  it  forcibly  there. 
Teres  Minor,  (F.)  Le  plus  petit  sus-scapulo- 
trochiterien,  (Ch.)  Petit  rond,  Margini-sus-scU' 
pulo-trochiterien,  Nonus  hu'meri  Placenti'ni,  is 
situate  at  the  posterior  and  inferior  part  of  the 
shoulder;  it  is  narrow  and  flattened,  from  above 
to  below,  in  its  inner  half;  and,  from  before  to 
behind,  in  the  outer.  It  is  attached,  on  the  one 
part,  to  the  outer  surface  of  the  scapula,  near  its 
inferior  angle;  and,  on  the  other,  to  the  inferior 
part  of  the  great  tuberosity  of  the  humerus.  It 
depresses  the  arm,  and  causes  it  to  turn  on  its 
axis  from  within  outwards.  It  also  carries  it 
backwards. 

TERESIS,  Observation. 
TERETRITTM,  Trepan. 
TERETRON,  Trepan. 
TERGAL,  Dorsal. 
TER  GEMINI,  Trigemini. 
TERGXJM,  Dorsum,  Vertebral  column. 
TERMINALIA,  see  Myrobalanus. 
TERMINOLOGY,  Nomenclature. 
TERMIN'THUS,  Terebin'ihus,  from  rcpi^ivbog, 
'the  turpentine  tree.'     Phyma  Anthrax,  Termin- 
thus.  Berry  or  Fungous  carbuncle.     The  ancients 
gave  this  name  to  a  tumour,  surmounted  by  a 
black  pustule,  and  resembling  the  fruit  of  the 
turpentine  tree. 

TERirixTHUs,  Pistacia  terebinthus. 
TERMINUS  SUPERIOR  ASPER^  ARTE- 
RliE,  Larynx. 

TERMONOLOGY,  Nomenclature. 
TERMS,  Menses. 

TERRA  ABSORBENS  MINERALIS,  Magne- 
site  carbonas — t.  Aluminis,  Argilla  pura — t.  Ama.- 
ra  aerata,  Magnesi;e  carbonas — t.  Amara  sulphu- 
rica,  MagnesitB  sulphas — t.  Bolaris,  Argilla  pura 
— t.  Foliata,  Sulphur — t.  Foliata  mincralis,  Soda 
acetata  —  t.  Foliata  tartari,  Potassse  acetas  —  t. 
Fornacum,  see  Bricks  —  t.  Fullonica,  Cimolia 
purpurescens  —  t.  Japonica,  Catechu,  Nauclea 
gambir. 

Terra  Lem'nia,  Argilla  bolus  favn,  Lem'nian 
Earth,  Ijemj^'nias.  A  name  given  by  the  ancients 
to  a  solid,  reddish,  astringent,  substance,  pre- 
pared with  the  pulp  of  the  fruit  of  the  Baobab, 
an  African  tree,  according  to  Prosper  Alpinus. 
It  seems,  however,  to  be  an  argillaceous  earth.  It 
has  been  employed  as  an  astringent. 


TERKAPIN 


849 


TETANUS 


TeehA  Livon'ica.  a  terra  sigiUa'ta  or  sealed 
*arth  from  Li\'onia,  redder  than  that  from  Silesia, 
dind  very  astringent. 

Terra  Merita,  Cureuma  longa. 

Terra  JSfocERiA'NA.  A  whitish,  soft,  and  as- 
tringent earth,  found  in  the  environs  of  Nocera, 
in  Italy. 

Terra  Orlea'nA,  Pigmen'tnm  urucn,  Uriicu, 
(F.)  Rocou,  Boucou,  BieJiet.  A  pigmental  matter 
obtained  from  the  seeds  of  Bixa  ^Orleana  seu 
Orella'na  seu  America'na,  Orella'na,  Orlea'na. 
In  Jamaica,  it  is  recommended  in  dysentery,  and 
is  considered  to  possess  astringent  and  stomachic 
qualities.  It  is  called,  according  to  its  shape. 
Flag,  Roll,  or  Egg  Annotto. 

Spanuh  Annotto,  Bixa,  is  in  small,  oblong 
cakes.  It  is  chiefly  employed  as  a  colouring 
matter. 

Terra  Os'sea,  Ifate'ria  ossea.  Bony  matter. 
The  earthy  portion  of  bones. 

Terra  Ponderosa,  Baryta— t.  Ponderosa  mu- 
riata.  Baryta,  muriate  of —  t.  Ponderosa  salita, 
Baryta,  muriate  of — t.  Saponaria,  Cimolia  pur- 
purescens. 

Terra  Portugal'lica,  Barros,  Bucaros.  A 
reddish,  astringent,  styptic  earth,  obtained  from 
Portugal. 

Terra  Sigilla'ta,  Sealed  Earth.  A  bole  or 
earthy  matter,  made  into  little  cakes  or  flat 
masses,  and  stamped  with  certain  impressions, 
as  with  the  head  of  the  Grand  Seignior.  To 
these  belong  the  Terra  Silesiaca,  Terra  Lemnia, 
T.  Turcica.     See  Bolus  alba. 

Terra  Silesiaca,  see  Terra  sigillata  —  t.  Tal- 
cosa  oxyanthracodes,  Magnesiie  carbonas  —  t. 
Turcica,  see  Terra  sigillata. 

Terra  Uri'n^.  The  earthy  deposit  in  the 
urine. 

Terra  Vitrioli  Dulcis,  Colcothar. 

TERRAPIN,  Emys  palustris. 

TERRE  BOLAIRE,  Bolus— f.  A^oi'.r,  Bunium 
bulbocastanum  —  t.Pesante,  Baryta  —  t.  SigiUee, 
Bolus  alba. 

TERRETTE,  Glechoma  hederacea. 

TERTIAN  FEVER,  Fehris  tertia'va,  An'etns 
tertianus,  I'ritce'v.s,  Tertian  Ague,  ( F. )  Fievre 
tierce.  An  intermittent,  whose  paroxyms  recur 
every  third  day,  or  every  48  hours.  The  mildest, 
and  the  vaoit  pernicious,  intermittents  belong  to 
this  head.  As  a  general  rule,  it  is  the  most  ma- 
nageable form  of  ague. 

TERTIANABIA.  Scutellaria  galericulata, 

TESSARA,  Cuboid. 

TESSELLA,  Tabella. 

TEST,  DANIEL'S,  see  Doeimasia  pulmonum 
—  t.  Hydrostatic,  see  Doeimasia  pulmonum  —  t. 
Plouequet's,  see  Doeimasia  pulmonum — t.  Static, 
see  Doeimasia  pulmonum. 

TESTA,  see  Ostrea. 

Testa  Pr^para'ta,  Prepared  Oyster-shell. 
Oyster-shell,  freed  from  extraneous  matter,washed 
with  boiling  water,  reduced  to  powder,  and  pre- 
pared in  the  same  manner  as  Greta  prseparata. 

TESTA'CEOUS,  from  testa,  'a  shell.'  A  pow- 
der, consisting  of  burnt  shells.  These  contain 
cai'bonate  of  lime  chiefly,  and  hence  the  term 
has  been  applied  to  cretaceous  substances.  See 
Greta. 

TEST^  FORNACE^,  Bricks— t.  Ostrese,  see 
Ostrea. 

TESTES.  The  Testicles.  Vulgarly,  the  Stones. 
A  name,  also,  given  to  the  inferior  tubercles  of 
the  corpora  quadrigemina,  to  distinguish  them 
from  the  superior,  called  Nates. 

Testes  Cerebri,  see  Quadrigemina  corpora, 

TES'TICLE,  Testis,  T.  viri'lis,  Testie'ulus, 
Orchis,  Pomum  amo'ris,  Did'ymus,  Her'nia,  Gem'- 
ini  (pi.).  Gemelli  d^].).  Ovum,  (P.)  Testietde,  from 
61 


testis,  'a  witness;'  because  the  testicles  are  evV 
denees  of  virility.  The  name  of  two  glandular 
organs,  contained  in  the  scrotum,  whose  oiSce  is 
to  secrete  sperm.  The  substance  of  the  testicle 
consists  of  numerous  conical,  flattened  lobules  — 
lob'uli  testis  —  whose  bases  are  directed  towards 
the  surface  of  the  organ,  and  the  apices  towards 
the  corpus  llighmorianum.  They  are  formed  of 
a  gray  and  sottish  substance,  composed  of  tor- 
tuous canals,  called  Tu'hnli  seminif ' eri  vel  Yasa 
semina'lia,  folded  on  each  other,  and  of  extreme 
fineness  ;  the  number  of  which,  according  to  the 
estimate  of  Monro,  is  62,500,  and  the  total  length 
5,208  feet.  All  these  canals,  uniting  in  their 
course,  pass  through  the  corpus  Highmorianum, 
concur  in  forming  the  epididymis,  and  give  origin 
to  the  vas  deferens.  The  testicles  are  covered, 
immediately,  by  a  fibrous  membrane,  of  an  opake 
white  colour,  and  very  tough,  called  Tu'nica  Al- 
hugin'ea,  or,  simply,  Alhugin'ea,  Perifea'tis,  of 
which  the  corpus  Highmorianum  is  only  an  en- 
largement. Over  this,  again,  is  the  tunica  vagi- 
nalis, the  second  envelope  of  the  testis. 

Testicle,  Swelled,  Hernia  humoralis. 

TESTICONDUS,  Crypsorchis. 

TESTICULE,  Testicle. 

TESTICULIIS,  Testicle  — t.  Aceessorius,  Epi- 
didvmis  —  t.  Caninus,  Orchis  mascula. 

TESTIMONIUM  MATURITA'TIS.  '  Evi- 
dence  of  fitness.'  A  certificate  of  complete  edu- 
cation, required,  in  the  Prussian  universities,  of  a 
candidate,  before  he  can  be  admitted  to  examina- 
tion for  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Medicine. 

TESTIS  FEMINEUS,  Ovary  —  t.  Irritable, 
Orchidalgia  —  t.  Minor,  Prostate — t.  Muliebris, 
Ovary  —  t.  Virilis,  Testicle. 

TESTUDINATIO  CRANII,  Gamarosis. 

TESTU'DO,  Chelo'ne,  (F.)  Tortue.  A  genus 
of  reptiles,  including  the  turtle,  the  flesh  of  which 
is  much  esteemed  as  an  article  of  diet. 

Also,  an  encysted  tumour,  which  has  been  sup- 
posed to  resemble  the  shell  of  a  turtle;  Emphy'- 
■ma  encys'iis  gang'lion.     See  Talpa. 

Testudo  Cerebri,  Fornix — t.  Scapulae,  see 
Scapula. 

TETAN'IG,  Tetan'icum,  Spas'ticum,  Conmdsi'- 
vum,  Convxd'sive,  from  Ttivu>,  '  I  stretch.'  A  re- 
medy, which  acts  on  the  nerves,  and,  through 
them,  on  the  muscles,  occasioning,  in  large  doses, 
convulsion^.  The  chief  agents  of  this  class  are 
Nuv  Vomica,  Strychnia,  Brucia,  Arnica,  and 
Toxicodendron. 

Also,  an  epithet  for  a  tonic  convulsion. 

TETANOMATA,  Tetanothra. 

TETANO'THRA,  Tetanom'ata,  Ervgato'ria, 
from  Tsravog,  '  free  from  wrinkles.'  Medicines 
which  remove  wrinkles.  —  Gorrseus. 

TETANOS,  Tetanus. 

TET'ANUS,  from  tei^m,  'I  stretch.'  Spasm 
with  rigidity,  Convul'sio  In'dica,  Holoton'ia,  Ho- 
loton'icxis,  Holotet'anus,  Tet'anns  vniversa'lia,  Ri- 
gor nervo'sus  seu  nervo'rum,  Exten'sio  seu  I)is- 
ten'sio,  Enta'sia  tetanus,  Cat'ochiis  cervi'nus,  Cat- 
ochus  holoton'icns,  (F.)  Tetanos.  A  disease  which 
consists  in  a  permanent  contraction  of  all  the 
muscles  or  merely  of  some,  without  alternations 
of  relaxation.  It  is  characterized  by  closure  of 
the  jaws;  difiiculty  or  impracticability  of  deglu- 
tition ;  rigidity  and  immobility  of  the  limbs  and 
trunk,  which  is  sometimes  curved  forwards  {Em- 
prosthot'onos),  sometimes  backwards  {Opisthot'- 
onos),  and  sometimes  to  one  side  (Pleurothot'o- 
nos).  When  tetanus  is  confined  to  the  muscles 
of  the  jaws,  it  is  called  Trismus.  It  is  a  most 
formidable  affection.  The  means  of  treatment 
are  :  — copious  and  repeated  blood-let'ing;  bath- 
ing, cold  and  warm ;  powerful  dos^j  of  opiofii^ 


TETART^IJS 


850 


THALAMUS 


and  other  narcotics.  In  Tranmaf'ic  Tefanvs,  or 
that  which  supervenes  on  a  ■wound,  every  extra- 
neous matter  must,  of  course,  be  removed  from 
the  wound,  and  soothing  applications  be  made 
to  it. 

Tetanus  Anticus,  Emprosthotonos  —  t.  Dolo- 
rificus,  Cramp  —  t.  Dorsalis,  Opisthotonos  —  t. 
Lateralis,  Pleurothotonos — t.  Maxillse  inferioris, 
Trismus  —  t.  Posterganeus,  Opisthotonos  —  t. 
Posticus,  Opisthotonos  —  t.  Universalis,  see  Te- 
tanus. 

TETART^US,  Quartan. 

TETAPtTOPHI'A,  from  Ttrapro?,  'the  fourth,' 
and  010),  'I  arise.'  Quarta'nua  remit'tens.  A 
quartan,  in  which  the  intermission  is  inordinately 
short  or  imperfect. 

TBTE,  Caput,  Head  —  *,  de  Venn,  Elephanti- 
asis of  the  Greeks. 

TETRADRACH'MON,  from  rtrpa?,  'four,'  and 
ipaxM,  '  a  drachm.'  A  weight  of  four  drachms 
or  half  an  ounce. 

TETRAGONUS,  Platysma  myoides. 
,  TETRAHIT  LON&IFLORUM,  Galeop- 
Eis  grandiflora. 

TETRAMY'RON,  from  rerpa;,  'four,'  and /jv- 
pov,  '  an  ointment.'  An  ointment  of  four  ingre- 
dients. —  Galen. 

TETRANGURIA,  Cucurbita  eitruUus. 

TETRAA'THE'RA  PICHU'RIM,  Faba  Pi- 
cJiurim,  F.  Peehu'rei.  The  seeds  of  this  Brazilian 
plant  have  been  used  in  diarrhcea,  dysentery, 
flatulent  colic,  &c.     Dose,  ^ij. 

TETRA'O  COTUR'XIX,  Coturnix,  the  Quail, 
(F.)  Caille.  The  quail  is  an  esteemed  article  of 
diet.  The  Greek  name  is  oprv^;  and  the  places, 
called  Orfi/fjia,  are  named  after  it.  The  excre- 
ments of  the  quail  were  formerly  extolled  in  epi- 
lepsy, and  the  fat  in  specks  of  the  eye. 

'tETRAPHAR'MACUM,  from  rcrpag,  'four,' 
and  (papjiaKov,  '  a  medicine.'  A  medicine  consist- 
ing of  four  ingredients. 

TETRAS'CELUS,  from  rtrpa,  'four,'  and  aKzM, 
'  leg.'     A  monster  having  four  legs.  —  Gurlt. 

TETROB'OLO^f.  The  weight  of  four  oboli, 
or  two  scruples.  —  Gorrseus. 

TETROROS,  Astragalus. 

TETTER,  Herpes  — t.  Cmsted,  Impetigo  — t. 
Honeycomb,  Porrigo  favosa — t.  Humid,  Eczema 
impetigo  —  t.  Milky,  Porrigo  larvalis  —  t.  Pustu- 
lar, Impetigo  —  t.  Running,  Impetigo  —  t.  Scaly, 
Psoriasis. 

TETTERWORT,  Chelidonium  majus. 

TEUCRIUM  J^GTPTIAGUM,  T.  capitatum 
— t.  Belium,  T.  capitatum. 

Tet.tcriuji  Capita'tum,  Poley  Mountain  of 
Ilontpel'lier,  T.  Bel'iwn  seu  ^gypti'acum,  Po'- 
lium  Capita'tnm,  is,  generally,  substituted  for  the 
last.  The  c  mmon  Poley  JTovntain  is  the  Teu- 
erium  monta'num;  and  the  Golden  Poley  foun- 
tain, the  Teiicrium  Po'lium,  Po'lion. 

Teu'crium  Cham^'drys,  T.  offieina'le,  Cha- 
fnmdrys,  C.  minor  repens,  C.  vulga'ria,  Qucr'cula 
minor  seu  Calamandri'na,  Trissa'go,  Chamm'- 
drops,  Trixa'go,  Common  German'der,  Creeping 
Germander, Small  Germander, English  Treacle,  (F. ) 
Petit  r.hene,  Germandree  officinale.  Family,  Labi- 
atfe.  iS'e.r.  Syst.  Didynamia  Gymnospcrmia.  This 
is  possessed  of  aromatic  and  bitter  properties. 
The  doFe  of  the  dried  powder  is  from  ^ss  to  ^j. 

TEUcnirJU  Cham^p'ityS,  Chamcppntys,  Artliet'- 
ira.  Ar'hretica,  Ajit'ga,  A.  Chamas})'itys,  Bn'gnla 
ChamcB'pitys,  Ahiga,  CJiamcsmo'rus,  Jva  arthrit'- 
ira,  Huloc'yron.  lo' nia, Sideri'tis,  CommonGround- 
pinn,  IF.)  Petite  Tvette.  Properties  like  the  last. 
Tli>;  tops  or  lejvps  have  been  recommended  as  \ 


aperients  and  tonics ;  especially  in  female  ob- 
structions, and  in  paralytic  disorders. 

TECCRitrjf  Cret'icum,  T.  Jiyssopifo'lium  seu 
Roamarinifo' Hum,  Posmari'nus  etce'chadia  facie, 
Poley-mountoin  of  Candy,  Po'lium  Cret'icinn. 
The  tops  and  whole  herb  enter  into  the  old  com- 
pounds, Mitliridote  and  Theriaca.  It  has  a  mo- 
derately aromatic  smell;  and  a  nauseous,  bitter 
taste,  and  is  placed  among  the  aperients  and  cor- 
roborants. 

TEUCRirjf  Flayum  has  similar  properties  to 
T.  chamaedrys. 

Teucrium  HYSsopiFOLiujr,  T.  Creticum. 

Teucrium  Iva,  Chama'pitya  nwscha'ta,  Tva 
moscha'ta  Ilonspelien'sium,  Iva,  Ghamapityg  an- 
thyl'lus,  French  Gro7indpine,  (F.)  Ivette  mttsquee. 
It  has  similar  virtues  to  T.  Chamtepitys,  but  is 
weaker. 

Teucrium  Maritimum,  T.  Mamm. 

Teucrium  Marum,  T.  marit'imvm,  Marum  Sy- 
■riacum,  Marum  Cret'icnm,  Mnjora'na  Syriaca, 
Marum  verum,  M.  Cortu'si,  Chamce'drys  inca'na 
marit'ima  seu  marum,  Marum  germander,  Syrian 
lierh  mastich.  Cot  thyme,  Orig'anum  Syriaexim, 
(F.)  Marum  on  Germandree  ma.ritime,  Herhe  aiix 
chats.  A  very  aromatic  plant,  of  a  camphorated 
smell;  formerly  much  used  in  medicine  as  a  tonic, 
antigpasmodic,  emmenagogue,  &c. 

Teucrium  Officinale,  T.  chamssdrys — t.  Pa- 
lustre,  T.  scordium  —  t.  Pyramidale,  Ajuga  —  t. 
Rosmarinifolium,  T.  Creticum. 

Teucrium  Scor'dium,  T. palus'tre,  Wafer  Ger- 
mander, Scordium,  Trissa'go  palus'tris,  ChamcB- 
drys  pahistris  seu  scor'dium,  Al'liiim  red'oleiis, 
(F.)  Germandree  Scorndone,  Sauge  des  hois,  Ger- 
mandree aquatique.  The  leaves  have  a  garlicky 
smell,  and  bitterish,  slightly  pungent  taste.  It 
has  the  tonic  properties  of  the  other  Teucria. 

TEXTUM  INTERLOBULARE,  Interlobular 
tissue. 

TEXTURA,  Texture  — t.  Organica,  Histos. 

TEX'TURAL.  Same  etymon  as  Texture.  Re- 
lating or  appertaining  to  a  texture. 

TEXTURE,  Textu'ra,  Textus,  from  texere,  tex- 
tum,  '  to  weave.'  Tela,  Hypjha,  Hyphe.  The  par- 
ticular arrangement  of  the  tissues  that  constitute 
an  organ. 

TEXTUS,  Texture,  Tissue— t.  Cellulosus,  Cellu- 
lar tissue — t.  Desmosus,  Desmoid  tissue — t.  Ner- 
vorum, Plexus  nervorum — t.  Organicus,  Cellular 
tissue — t.  Papillaris,  Corpus  papillare — t.  Paren- 
chYmalis,  Cellular  tissue. 

THiBRIA,  Radzyge. 

THAL'AMUS,  ^'a\apog,  (F.)  Couche.  'A  room 
or  chamber;  a  bed.'  The  place  at  which  a  nerve 
originates,  or  has  been  considered  to  originate. 

Thal'ami  Neryo'rum  Optico'rum  seu  Op'tici, 
Eminen'ticB  magnce  cer'ebri.  Ganglia  cerebri  pos- 
ti'ca.  Crura  medul'lcB  oblonga'tas  (of  some),  Stri- 
a'ta  cor'pora  super'na  poeterio'ra,  Collic'uli  ner- 
vo'rum  optico'rum,  Op>tic  thal'ami,  Posterior  cer'- 
ebral  gan'glion,  (F.)  Couches  des  nerfs  oculnires, 
(Ch.)  Couches  des  nerfs  optiques,  Couches  optiques. 
Two  rounded  and  irregular  surfaces,  which  are 
seen  exposed  in  the  lateral  ventricles  of  the  brain, 
and  in  the  third  ventricle,  the  inferior  surface  of 
which  presents  two  projections,  called  Corpora 
genicula'ta,  that  furnish  several  filaments  to  the 
optic  nerves.  The  name  was  given  from  a  belief 
that  the  optic  nerves  originate  from  them.  They, 
however,  arise  more  posteriorly,  and  adhere  merely 
to  the  inner  margin  of  those  bodies.  Gall  consi- 
ders, that  the  thalami  act  as  ganglions  to  the 
nerves  ;  and.  hence,  he  calls  them  Grand  ganglion 
cerebral  inferieur.  The}'  are,  also,  called  Poste- 
rior ganglion  of  the  cerebrum.  From  the  thalami 
and  corpora  striata  fibres  proceed  upwards  to  con- 
stitute the   convolutions   of  the  brain,  and  the 


THALICTRON 


851 


THEORY 


Tarious  bands  that  connect  the  difTerent  parts  of 
the  brain  together.  The  upper  and  inner  parts 
of  the  thalami  are  so  closely  connected  as  to  form 
one  continued  surface,  called  Commissu'ra  mollis. 
The  posterior  parts  turn  downwards  and  out- 
wards ;  after  which  they  are  elongated  to  form 
the  two  white  cords,  termed  Tractns  op'tici. 

Thalamus  Regalis,  Pericardium. 

THALIC'TROIs^,  Thalictrum,  T.  magnum,^  sen 
flavum  seajlaves'cens  seu  praten'se  seu  ni'gricans 
geu  rugo'sum  seu  vagina'tn.m,  Jifeadoiv-rue,  Poor 
Man's  jRhubarb,  lihabar'barum  }}au'23eni>n,  (F.) 
Pigamon  jaundtre,  Hue  des  pres,  Fausse-Rhu- 
harbe,  Rhabarbe  des  pauvres.  Family,  Ranuncu- 
lacese.  Sex.  Si/.it.  Polyandria  Polygynia.  The 
root  resembles  rhubarb  in  its  properties. 

THALICTRUM  ANEMONOI'DES,  Meadow 
Rue,  Rue-leaved  Anem'ony ;  an  indigenous  plant, 
flowering  in  April  and  May. 

THAMARIXDUS,  Tamarindus. 

THANASIMUS,  Mortal. 

THANATOLES,  Mortal. 

THAN'ATOID,  ThanatoVdes ;  from  Oavaroi, 
'death,'  and  u5oi,  'resemblance.'  Resembling 
death.     Apparently  dead. 

THANATOL'OGY,  Thanatolog"ia,  Thnesco- 
log"ia,  from  Qavaroq,  'death,'  and  Aoyof,  'a  dis- 
course.'   A  description,  or  the  doctrine,  of  death. 

THANATOS,  Death. 

THAP'SIA,  from  the  island  Thapsus.  The 
deadly  carrot,  Thapsia  aacle'pias.  Family,  Um- 
belliferte.  Sex.  Syst.  Pentandria  Digynia.  The 
root  operates  violently,  both  upwards  and  down- 
wards.    It  is  not  used. 

THAPSUS  BARBATUS,  Verbascum  nigrum. 

THARSI,  see  Tarsus. 

THASPIUM  ATROPURPU'REUM,  Th.  cor- 
da'tum,  Round  heart.  The  flowers,  which  appear 
in  June,  are  of  a  dark  purple. 

Thas'pium  Baebino'de,  Meadow  Parsnep.  An 
indigenous  plant,  of  the  Northern  and  Western 
States, —  Order,  Umbelliferse,  —  which  flowers  in 
June.     Flowers,  yellow. 

Both  plants  have  been  esteemed  vulnerary, 
antisyphilitic,  and  diaphoretic  j  and  as  antidotes 
to  the  bite  of  a  rattlesnake. 

Thaspium  Cordatum,  Th.  atropurpurbum. 

THE,  Thea  —  *.  des  Apialaches,  Ilex  vomitoria 
—  t.  de  France,  Salvia — t.  d'Europe,  Salvia  vero- 
Dica — *.  de  la  Mer  du  sud,  Ilex  vomitoria — t.  du 
Mexique,  Chenopodium  ambrosioides — t.  de  Si- 
mon Pauli,  Myrica  gale  —  (.  Suisse,  Falltranck. 

TEfEA,  Chaa,  Tea,  (F.)  The.  There  are  two 
principal  species  of  tea-plant;  the  Thea  Bohe'a, 
and  Thea  vir'idis ;  the  black  tea,  and  the  green. 
Family,  Hesperidese.  Sex.  Syst.  Polyandria  Mo- 
nogynia.  In  commerce,  many  kinds  of  tea  are 
met  with.  Several  of  the  differences  between 
these  appear  to  result  from  the  age  at  which  the 
leaves  have  been  collected,  and  the  mode  of  their 
desiccation. 

Tea-drinking  was  introduced  into  Europe  about 
the  year  1666 ;  since  which  time  its  use  has  become 
almost  universal;  and,  in  spite  of  the  assertions  of 
medical  terrorists,  it  is,  except  in  particular  idio- 
gyncraeies,  entirely  harmless. 

By  an  analogical  transference,  very  common 
in  language,  the  word  Tea  has  been  used  almost 
synonymously  with  infusion,  as  Beef  tea,  Mint 
tea,  &c. 

Thea  Germanic!,  Veronica. 

THEBE'SIUS,  VEINS  OF.  A  name  given  to 
supposititious  branches  of  the  coronary  veins, 
■which  Christopher  Adam  Thebesius,  a  G-erman 
anatomist,  described  as  opening  into  the  heart 
by  small  depressions  observable  in  the  right 
auricle  j  and  which  have  been  called  Foram'ina 


Thehe'sii.  No  such  veins  can  be  deaonstrated. 
The  valve,  at  the  orifice  of  the  coronary  vein, 
in  the  right  ventricle,  is  called  Valvula  Thebe'sii, 
Y.  Guiffartia'na,  V.  vena  maqna. 

THECA,  Case,  Vagina,  Sheath  — t.  Cerebri, 
Cranium — t.  Cordis,  Pericardium — t.  Vertebralis, 
see  Vertebra]  canal. 

THEION,  Sulphur. 

THEIOPEG^E,  Water,  mineral  (sulphureous.) 

THEIOTHERil^,  Waters,  mineral,  sulphu. 
reous. 

THELASIS,  Lactation. 

THELASMUS,  Lactation. 

THELASTRIA,  Nurse. 

THELE,  Nipple,  Papilla. 

THELI'TIS,  from  ©^At;,  'the  female  nipple,' 
'the  female  breast,'  and  itis,  denoting  inflamma- 
tion.    Inflammation  of  the  nipple. 

THELON'CUS,  Mastoncus. 

THELOS,  Mamma. 

THELYGON'IA,  from  ^jjXof,  'pertaining  to 
the  female  sex,'  and  yovn,  'generation.'  The  part 
taken  by  the  female  in  the  act  of  generation. 
Also,  nymphomania. 

THELYGONUM,  Sperm  (of  the  female.) 

THELYPTERIS,  Pteris  aquUina. 

THENAD,  Thenal. 

THENAL,  Thenar;  same  etymon  as  thenar. 
Relating  or  appertaining  to  the  thenar. 

Thenal  Aspect.  An  aspect  towards  the  sido 
on  which  the  thenar  is  situated. — Barclay.  The- 
nad  is  used,  adverbially,  by  the  same  writer,  to 
signify  '  towards  the  thenal  aspect.' 

THENAR,  5£i/ap,  from  ^ivu},  'I  strike.'  The 
palm  of  the  hand,  or  sole  of  the  foot. 

Thenar,  Flexor  brevis  pollicis  manus.  Palm. 

Thenar  or  Thenal  Em'inence  is  the  projec- 
tion at  the  anterior  and  outer  part  of  the  hand, 
formed  by  the  abductor  brevis,  opponens,  and 
flexor  brevis  pollieles. 

Thenar  or  Thenal  Muscle.  Riolan  and 
Winslow  give  this  name  to  the  fleshy  mass, 
formed  of  the  abductor  brevis,  opponens  pollicis 
and  the  anterior  part  of  the  flexor  brevis  pollicis 
In  the  foot,  Winslow  gives  the  name  Thend 
muscle  to  the  abductor  and  flexor  brevis  pollicii 
pedis. 

THEOBROMA  CACAO,  Cacao. 

THEOMANIA,  Demonomania. 

THEOPLEGIA,  Apoplexy. 

THEOPLEXIA,  Apoplexy. 

THEORET'ICAL,  Theoret'icus,  Theo'rieut,, 
from  3-tMpEa),  '  I  contemplate.'  (F.)  Theoretiqut  . 
Theorique.  That  which  is  confined  to  theory,  v' 
is  connected  with  it.  An  epithet  also  applied  t'» 
a  sect  of  physicians,  who  founded  their  doctrine 
chiefly  on  reasoning. 

THEJ3RIA,  Theory. 

THEORIQ  UE,  Theoretical. 

THE'ORY,  Theo'ria,  from  Sttopeu,  'I  contem- 
plate.' The  speculative  part  of  a  science.  Th« 
connexion  established  in  the  mind  between  a 
general  fact,  or  the  least  possible  number  of  gene- 
ral facts,  and  all  the  particular  facts  dependent 
thereon:  for  example,  the  motions  of  the  heavenly 
bodies,  and  the  most  important  natural  pheno- 
mena are  connected  with  a  single  fact,  previously 
known  by  observation;  viz.  that  the  force  of  gra- 
vity acts  inversely  according  to  the  square  of  the 
distance.  This  constitutes  the  theory  of  univer- 
sal gravitation.  Theory  must  not  be  confoundeu 
with  system.  Theory  regards  nature  as  it  is,  and 
is  a  rigid  deduction  from  facts.  System  is  too 
often  the  creature  of  the  imagination,  to  which 
nature  is  made  to  bend. 

Theory  of  Medicine,  Institutes  of  Ifedicine, 
Theoretical  Medicine,  is  that  part  of  the  scienoa 


/ 


THEIOTHERM^ 


852 


THIRST 


■which  attempts  philosophically  to  account  for 
the  various  phenomena  that  present  themselres 
during  health  as  well  as  in  disease.  It  is  the 
philosophy  of  Medicine.  The  Institutes  of  Medi- 
cine are  generally  considered  to  comprise  Phy- 
siology and  its  applications  to  Patholog}',  Hy- 
giene, and  Therapeutics.  By  some,  it  is  con- 
sidered to  include  General  Pathology  and  Gene- 
ral Therapeutics. 

THEIOTHEPtMJE,  Waters,  mineral,  sulphu- 
reous. 

TIIERAPEIA,  Curation,  Therapeutics. 

THE  RAPE  USIS,  Therapeutics. 

THERAPEUTA,  Therapeutist. 

THERAPEUTICE,  Therapeutics. 

THERAPEU'TICS,  Therapeu'tice,  Therapeu'- 
sia,  Thera2')en'sis,  latrotech' nice,  Practice  of  Phy- 
sic, Therapei'a,  Tlierapi'a,  Carato'riu  Meth'odus, 
Methodus  Meden'di,  from  ^cpa-nivui,  'I  wait  upon, 
I  alleviate,  I  attend  upon  the  sick.'  (F.)  Thera- 
peutiqiie.  That  part  of  medicine,  the  object  of 
which  is  the  treatment  of  disease.  With  others, 
the  department  which  comprises  an  explanation 
of  the  modus  operandi  of  medicines. 

THERAPEUTIQUE,  Therapeutics. 

THERAPEU'TIST,  Therapeu'ta.  Same  ety- 
mon. One  who  jjractises  therapeutics.  A  prac- 
titioner of  medicine.  To  be  a  good  therapeutist, 
a  man  must  be  well  versed  in  every  department 
of  medicine,  and  be  capable  of  observing  and  rea- 
soning well.  He  may  be  a  good  observer,  and 
yet  a  bad  reasoner.  He  cannot  practise  well  un- 
less he  is  both.  Hence,  the  comparatively  small 
number  of  good  therapeutists. 

THERAPIA,  Therapeutics. 

THERIA,  Radzyge. 

THERIAC,  Theriaca  — t.  of  Antipater,  Anti- 
patri  theriaca. 

THERIACA,  SvptaKa,  The'riac,  from  ^);p,  'a 
ferocious  or  venomous  animal,'  and  aKso/iat,  '  I 
cure.'  Treacle.  (F.)  Theriaque.  A  medicine, 
believed  to  be  capable  of  curing  or  preventing 
the  effects  of  the  bite  of  a  venomous  animal.  In 
this  sense  it  is  chiefly  used  by  writers.  Theriac 
and  Theriacal  have  been  used  adjectively  for 
medicinal. 

Theriaca  Androm'achi,  Venice  Treacle,  is  an 
ancient  alexipharmic  electuary;  consisting  of  a 
farrago  of  61  different  ingredients,  which  pos- 
sessed the  most  opposite  properties.  It  was  in- 
vented by  Andromachus  of  Crete,  and  prepared 
by  order  of  iST ero.  It  has  received  various  modi- 
fications; and,  to  the  discredit  of  the  Faeulte  de 
Medecine  of  Paris,  has  held  its  place  in  their 
Codes,  with  even  an  additional  number  of  ingre- 
dients. The  Electua'rium  Opia'tum  polyjyhar'- 
inacuni  of  the  Codex  has  contained  ncid  ingre- 
dients, 5:  astrinf/ent,  5;  bitter,  22;  indigenous  aro- 
matics,  10 ;  umbelliferous  aromntics,  7;  balsams 
and  resinous  substances,  8;  fetid  ingredients,  6; 
narcotics,  1;  earthy  substances,  1;  gummy  or  amy- 
laceous, 4;  saccharine,  3;  total  72!  and  one  of 
these  the  flesh  of  the  viper  !  A  little  more  than 
a  grain  of  opium  is  contained  in  each  drachm  of 
the  compound. 

Theria'^a  Celestis,  Tinctura  opii  —  t.  Com- 
munis, Melasses  —  t.  Edinensis,  Confectio  opii. 

Theriaca  Germano'rum.  An  extract  or  rob, 
prepared  from  juniper  berries.  Used  as  a  sto- 
machic. 

Theriaca  Londinen'sis,  Cataplasma  Cymi'ni. 
A  caJarj^asm  of  cumin  seed,  hay  berries,  german- 
de"  anakeroot,  cloves,  ho7iey,  and  sometimes  opium, 
or  syrup  of  poppies. 

Theriaca  Rusticorum,  Allium. 
THERTAQUE,  Theriaca. 

THERIAKI,    Id  Turkey,  opium-eaters,  or  they 


who*  indulge  largely  in  the  use  of  opium,  are  bo 
called. 

THERIATRICA,  Veterinary  art. 

THERIODES,  Ferine. 

THERIO'MA,  Therion,  from  ^rjp,  'a  venomous 
animal.'  Any  extremely  malignant  ulcer.  Some- 
times confined  to  ulcers  of  the  lungs. 

THERIOX,  Therioma. 

THERIOTOMY,  Zootomy. 

THERMA,  Heat— t.  Emphytum,  Animal  heat 

THERM.-E,  ^cfjiai,  Ther'mata.  Warm  bathj 
or  springs.     See  Waters  (mineral.) 

Therms  FabarItE,  Pfeffers  Mineral  Waters 
of — t.  Piperinae,  Pfeffers,  Mineral  Waters  of — t. 
Plumbarise,  Plombieres,  Mineral  Waters  of. 

THERMAL,  Therma'lis;  from  ^epf^v,  'heat,' 
&£pnos,  '  hot.'  Relating  or  appertaining  to  heat- 
Hot,  warm.     As  'a  thermal  mineral  water.' 

THERMANTICA,  Calefacients. 

THERMASMA,  Fomentation. 

THERMATA,  Thermae. 

THERMUM  EMPHYTUM,  Animal  heat,  Eio- 
lychnium. 

THESIS,  eeats,  from  nerj,!,,  'to  place.'  'A 
position  or  proposition.'  iJisputa'tio,  Inung'ural 
Disserta'tion.  The  name  usually  given  to  the 
essay  composed  by  a  candidate  for  graduation  in 
medicine,  which  he  is  at  times  required  to  defend 
publicly.  Often,  however,  it  is  a  mere  form, 
giving  useless  labour  and  trouble  to  the  student, 
inasmuch  as  it  is  executed  as  a  task,  and  never 
afterwards  regarded  by  the  preceptor  or  by  others. 
Sandifort,  Haller,  Smellie,  and  Stoll,  have  pub- 
lished collections  of  these. 

Also,  a  suffix  denoting  'arrangement;'  hence 
Diathesis. 

THEVE'TIA  A'HOUAT,  Ahouai.  The  kernels 
of  the  nut  of  this  Brazilian  tree  are  said  to  be  a 
violent  poison.  At  the  Antilles,  its  nuts  are 
called  Noix  de  Serpent ;  and  they  are  used  against 
the  bites  of  serpents. 

THIGH,  Sax.  Seoh,  Femur,  Femen,  Orus,  Me- 
rus,  Me'rium,  (F.)  Cuisse.  The  part  of  the  lower 
limb  which  extends  from  the  pelvis  to  the  leg. 
The  thigh  is  larger  at  its  superior  than  inferior 
part,  and  has  the  form  of  an  inverted  and  trun- 
cated cone,  slightly  depressed  from  within  out- 
wards. Above,  it  is  bounded,  anteriorly,  by  the 
groin;  externally,  by  the  hip;  behind,  by  the  fold 
of  the  nates  ;  and  within,  by  the  perineal  region. 
Beloic,  it  is  bounded,  anteriorly,  by  the  promi- 
nence of  the  knee;  posteriorly,  by  the  ham.  It 
is  formed  of  a  considerable  number  of  muscles, 
blood-vessels,  lymphatics,  nerves,  Ac;  and  is 
covered  by  a  strong  aponeurosis. 

THIGHBONE,  Femur— t.  Neck  of  the,  Collum 
femoris. 

THION,  Sulphur. 

THIRST,  Sax.  »ypr^>  (!>•)  Dorst,  Sitis, 
Dipaa,  Potio'nis  dcside'rium,  (F.)  Soif.  A  simple 
desire  or  an  absolute  want  for  liquids.  Physio- 
logists are  not  entirely  agreed  regarding  the  seat 
of  thirst;  some  place  it  in  the  fauces;  others  in 
the  stomach.  Its  immediate  cause  is  not  known. 
It  has  been  attributed  to  a  dry  condition  nf  the 
nervous  papillte  of  the  pharynx,  produced  by 
suppression  of  the  salivary  and  mucous  secre- 
tions. This  is  probably  true;  but,  again,  it  is 
owing  to  the  wants  of  the  system,  —  a  supply  of 
fluid  being  required  to  compensate  the  numerous 
losses  that  are  constantly  taking  place.  Thirst 
is  an  internal  sensation,  —  an  instinctive  loaut  — 
arising  from  organization,  and  inexplicable.  It 
is  an  urgent  symptom  in  many  diseasss,  particu- 
larly in  those  of  vascular  excitement. 

Thirst,  Excessive,  Polydipsia—  t.  Morbid 
Dipsosis. 


THIESTY 


853 


THORACODIDYMUS 


THIRSTY,  Dlpsodes. 

THISTLE,    BLESSED,   Centaurea   benedicta 

—  t.  Cotton,  Onopordiuin  acaiithium  —  t.  Grlobe, 
Eohinops  —  t.  Holy,  Centaurea  benedieta — t.  La- 
dies', Carduus  Marianus — t.  Milk,  common,  Car- 
duus  Marianus  —  t.  Pine,  Atractylus  gummifera 

—  t.  Sow,  Sunchus  oleraceus  —  t.  Star,  Centaurea 
calcitrapa  —  t.  Yellow,  Argemone  Mexicana. 

THLADIAS,  Eunuch 

THLASIAS,  Eunuch. 

THLASIS,  Contusion  —  t.  Depressio,  Depres- 
sion. 

TIILASMA,  Contusion — t.  Concussio,  Concus- 
sion—  t.  Stremma,  Sprain. 

THLASPI,  Pennycress.  Family,  Crucifera3. 
Sex.  Syst.  Tetradynamia  Siliculosa.  Two  species 
of  thlaspi  are  directed,  in  some  pharmacopoeias, 
for  medical  use: — the  Thlaspi  arven'se  or  Treacle 
mustard,  and  the  Thlaspi  campes'tre  seu  liirsu'tum 
seu  vulga'tiits,  Lepid'ium  campes'tre,  Lep'ia  cam- 
pcs'tris,  Ibe'ris  campes'tris,  llith'rtdate  mustard. 
The  pharmaceutical  properties  of  both  kinds  re- 
semble those  of  common  mustard. 

Thlaspi  Bursa,  Th.  bursa'tum,  Capsell'a  bursa 
pasto'ris,  Ibe'ris  bursa  pastoris,  Nastur'tium  bursa 
piastoris,  Rodschie'dia  bursa  2>asto'ris,  Bursa  pas- 
to'ris, (F.)  Bourse  d  berger,  Bourse  a  pasteur,  Ta- 
bouret, Shepherd's  purse.  A  common  European 
plant,  introduced  into  this  country.  It  is  slightly 
astringent,  but  is  little  used. 

Thlaspi  Bursatum,  Thlaspi  bursa  —  th.  Na- 
sturtium, Lepidium  sativum — th.  Sativum,  Lepi- 
dium  sativum. 

THLIBIAS,  Eunuch. 

THLIPSENCEPH'ALUS,  from  eXiv^isr, 'com- 
pression,' and  eyK£(pa\os,  'the  encephalon.'  A 
monster  in  whom  the  skull  is  open,  not  merely  in 
the  frontal  and  parietal,  but  also  in  the  occipital 
regions  —  a  distinct  fontanelle  not  existing. 

THLIP'SIS,  ^Xit/ztf,  Compres'sio.  Compres- 
sion, and  especially  constriction  of  vessels  by  an 
xternal  cause.     Oppression. 

THXESCOLOGIA,  Thanatology. 

THOLUS,  Aehicolum — t.  Diocleus,  Scapha. 

THOMPSO'NIAN.  One  who  practises  or  be- 
lieves in  Thompsonianism. 

THOMPSO'NIANISM,  Thomp'sonism.  A  fan- 
ciful doctrine,  of  which  a  person  of  the  name  of 
Thompson,  of  ISTew  York,  is  the  founder.  One 
of  its  leading  principles  is,  that  the  human  body 
is  composed  of  four  elements  (?),  earth,  air,  fire 
and  water;  and  one  of  its  apothegms,  —  that 
metals  and  minerals  are  in  the  earth,  and,  being 
extracted  from  the  depths  of  the  earth,  have  a 
tendency  to  carry  all  down  into  the  earth  who 
use  them;  that  the  tendency  of  all  vegetables  is 
to  spring  up  from  the  earth,  and  therefore  to  up- 
hold mankind  from  the  grave. 

The  Thompsonians  are  Botanic  Physicians. 

THORACENTE'SIS,  Paracente'sis  Thora'cis, 
from  Siiipa^,  '  the  thorax,'  and  Kcvrncn?,  '  perfora- 
tion.' Tapping  the  thorax.  Perforation  of  the 
thorax. 

THORACHIQUE,  Thoracic. 

THORACIC,  Thorac"icu8,  from  thorax,  'the 
chest;'  (F.)  Thoracique  ou  Thorachique.  That 
what  relates  or  belongs  to  the  chest;  as  Thoracic 
vis'cera,  <fcc, 

Thokacig  Inferior  Artert,  Arte'ria  Tho- 
rae"ica  Ejcter'na  Infe'rior  vel  Longa,  A.  mam- 
ma'ria  externa,  A.  Thoracica  inferior,  (F.)  Deux- 
Qme  des  Thoraciques  (Ch.),  arises  from  the  axil- 
lary, a  little  below  the  preceding,  and  descends 
vertically  over  the  lateral  part  of  the  thorax,  and 
the  serratus  major  anticus.  It  afterwards  bends 
inwards  ;  becomes  subcutaneous,  and  divides  into 
several  branches,  which  embrace  the  breast.  It 
^ves   numerous   ramifications  to  the  pectoralia 


major,  serratus  anticus,  intercostals,  ganglions  of 
the  axilla,  mamma,  &c. 

Thoracic  Superior  Artery,  Arte'ria  Thora- 
cica Exter'na  Superior,  (F.)  Artere  thorctcique  su- 
perieure,  Premiere  des  Thoraciques  (Ch.),  arises 
from  the  axillary  artery  or  from  the  acromial; 
and  descends  forwards  between  the  pectoralis 
major  and  P.  minor,  to  which  it  distributes  itself 
by  a  great  number  of  branches.  In  some  sub- 
jects, there  are  two  or  three  Arteria  thoracicce 
externcB  sujjeriores. 

Thoracic  Duct,  Ductus  thorac"icus  seu  chy'li- 
fer  seu  chyli  seu  lac'teus  seu  ro'rifer  seu  Pecquet i 
seu  Pecquet ia' mis.  Vena  alba  thora'cis,  Alveua 
ampulles'cens,  Distributo'ria  laetea  thoracica,  Duc- 
tus thoracicus  paste' rior  seu  vertebra.'lis,  Galax'ia, 
Duct  of  Pecquet,  Alimen'tary  Duct,  (P.)  Canal  OU 
Conduit  Thoracique,  is  the  duct  in  which  the 
lymphatics  of  the  lower  limbs,  abdomen,  left  su- 
perior extremity,  left  side  of  the  head,  neck,  and 
thorax  terminate.  It  begins  at  the  recepitaculum 
chyli,  which  is  formed  by  the  union  of  five  or  six 
large  lymphatic  trunks, — themselves  formed  from, 
the  union  of  all  the  absorbent  plexuses  of  the 
abdomen.  The  duct  ascends  into  the  chest 
through  the  pillars  of  the  diaphragm,  and  by  the 
side  of  the  aorta  and  vena  azygos.  It  contracts 
in  dimension,  as  far  as  the  6th  dorsal  vertebra, 
when  it  inclines  towards  the  left  hand;  ascends 
behind  the  arch  of  the  aorta;  passes  behind  the 
left  internal  jugular  vein,  and  opens  at  the  poste- 
rior part  of  the  subclavian  vein  of  the  same  side. 
Its  embouchure  is  furnished  with  two  valves, 
which  prevent  the  blood  from  passing  from  tho 
vein  into  the  duct. 

Thoracic  Ldibs  are  the  upper  limbs  ;  so  called 
because  they  are  articulated  with  the  lateral  and 
upper  parts  of  the  chest. 

Thoracic,  Long  or  Inferior,  Mammary  infe- 
rior external  artery. 

Thoracic  Nerves.  The  short  or  anterior  tho- 
racic nerves  are  two  in  number.  They  arise  from 
the  brachial  plexus,  and  divide  into  an  anterior 
and  a  posterior  branch  :  —  the  former  distributed 
to  the  pectoralis  major  muscle;  the  latter  uniting 
with  a  branch  of  the  other  to  form  a  loop,  from 
which  numerous  branches  are  given  off  to  the 
pectoralis  major  and  p.  minor. 

The  long  thorac"ic  nerve,  Poste'rior  thorac"ic, 
External  respiratory  of  Sir  Charles  Bell,  is  along 
branch,  which  arises  from  the  fourth  and  fifth 
cervical  nerves,  immediately  after  their  escape 
from  the  intervertebral  foramina,  and  joasses 
downwards  to  be  distributed  upon  the  serratus 
magnus  muscle. 

Thoracic  Regions  are  the  difi'erent  regions  of 
the  chest.  Thus  we  say,  anterior,  lateral,  and 
superior  thoracic,  &c. 

THORACICA,  Pectorals. 

THORACICS,  FIRST  OF  THE,  Mammary 
superior  external  artery. 

THORACIQUE,  Thoracic. 

THORACOCENTE'SIS,  from  $o,pa^,  'the 
chest,'  and  KtvTnais,  'puncture.'  Paracente'sis 
thora'cis.  Puncture  of  the  chest  to  evacuate  con- 
tained fluid  —  as  in  empyema. 

THORACOCYSTIS,  Thoracystis. 

THOR'ACO-GASTRODID'YMUS,  Did'ymua 
sym'phyo-ihoracogas'trius,  Xy2:)hodid' ymus  :  from 
■Suipaf,  '  the  chest,'  yaoT?;p,  '  the  bellj'",'  and  Siivjius, 
'  a  twin.'  A  monstrosity  in  which  twins  are  uni- 
ted by  the  chest  and  abdomen. —  Gurlt. 

THORACO-FACIAL,  Platysma  myoides  — <. 
Maxillo-facial,  Platysma  myoides. 

THORACODID'YMUS, from  5a.paf, 'the  "best,' 
and  iiSvrjos,  'a  twin.'  A  monstrosity  in  which 
twins  are  united  by  the  thorax. —  GuriL 


/ 


THORACODYIs^E 


854 


THYMUS 


TirOEACODYJTE,  Pleurodynia. 

THORACOPATIU'A,  from  Swpa^,  'the  cbest,' 
and  vados,  '  disease.'  Disease  or  suffering  in  the 
chest. 

THOP.ACOSCOPIA,  see  Auscultation. 

THORACOSCOPIUM,  Stethoscope. 

THORACYST'IS,  Thoracoojstis,  from  Qi^pa^, 
'the  chest/  and  Kvang,  'a  bladder.'  Encysted 
dropsy  of  the  chest.     Hydatids  in  the  chest. 

THORAX,  doipa^,  'a,  cuirass,  a  coat  of  mail.' 
CitJi'arus,  Venter  Die'dina,  Pectus,  Stethw),  Scutum 
pee'toris,  the  Breast,  the  Chest,  Bir,  Chehjs,  Cas- 
ta, (F.)  Pottrine.  One  of  the  splanchnic  cavities  ; 
bounded,  posteriorly,  by  the  vertebrae  ;  laterally, 
by  the  ribs  and  scapula;  anteriorly,  by  the  ster- 
num; above,  by  the  clavicle;  and  below,  by  the 
diaphragm.  It  is  destined  to  lodge  and  protect 
the  chief  organs  of  respiration  and  circulation  — 
the  lungs  and  the  heart. 

Thorax,  Corset. 

THORE,  Sperm. 

THORN  apple,  Datura  stramonium— t.  Red, 
Datura  Sanguinea. 

THOROUGHSTEM,  Eupatorium  perfoliatum. 

TH0R0UGHA\^AX,  Eupatorium  perfoliatum. 

THOROUGHWORT,  Eupatorium  perfoliatum. 

THOROW-WAX,  Bupleurura  rotundifolium. 

THORULUS  STRAMINEUS,  Fanon. 

THREADWORM,  Dracunculus— t.  Long,  Tri- 
chocephalus. 

THREPSIS,  Assimilation,  Nutrition. 

THREPSOL'OGY,  Threpsolorfia,  from  V%J.(f, 
'nutrition,'  and  Aoyof,  'a  description.'  The  doc- 
trine of,  or  a  treatise  on,  the  nutrition  of  organ- 
ized bodies. 

THREPTICE,  Assimilation, 

THRIDACE,  Lactucarium. 

THRIDAX,  Lettuce. 

THRIFT,  LAVENDER,  Statiee  limonium— t. 
American,  Statiee  Caroliniana  —  t.  Sea-side,  Sta- 
tiee Garoliniana. 

TURIN,  Capillus,  Hair. 

THPlOAT,  SpoCe,  bpoca,  Jugulum,  Interstit"- 
iura  Jugula' re,  Guttur,  SjiJiage.  The  anterior  part 
of  the  neck.  (F.)  Gorge.  Also,  the  Fauces,  (F.) 
Gosler. 

THROATROOT,  Geum  Virginianum,  Liatris. 

THROATWORT,  Campanula  trachelium. 

THE,  ORBING,  Pulsati'vus,  Sphyrjinicus, 
Sphygmo' des,  Pul'satory.  A  throhhing  pain,  (F.) 
Houleur  puhative,  is  a  kind  of  pain  which  is,  or 
seems  to  be,  augmented  by  the  pulsation  of  ar- 
teries. 

THROE,  Agony,  Pains,  labour. 

THROMBI  LAGTEI,  Infarctus  mammee 
laeteus. 

THROMBOCYS'TIS,  from  SpopPog,  'a  clot,' 
and  KvoTig,  'a  cyst.'  The  cyst  occasionally  sur- 
rounding a  clot  of  blood  —  as  in  encephalic  he- 
morrhage. 

THROMBOSIS,  Coagulation,  Thrombus. 

THROMBUS,  Opofxfio;,  'a  clot,'  from  Tpt(j>uv, 
'to  coagulate;'  Thromho'sis,  Trumhus,  Ilmmuto'- 
ma.  A  small,  hard,  round,  bluish  tumour  ;  formed 
by  an  effusion  of  blood  in  the  vicinity  of  a  vein 
•which  has  been  opened  in  the  operation  of  blood- 
letting. The  thrombus  is  most  commonly  owing 
to  the  opening  in  the  vein  and  that  of  the  skin 
not  corresponding;  to  excessive  smallness  of  the 
cutaneous  orifice ;  or  to  small,  fatty  granules, 
which  jirevent  the  discharge  of  the  blood.  Com- 
presses, dipped  in  saltwater;  camphorated  spirit, 
and  slight  compression,  usually  disperse  it.  See 
Blood. 

Thrombus  Neonatorum,  Cephalsematoma. 

THROTTLE,  Trachea. 

THROW,  Agony,  Pains,  labour. 


THROWORT,  Leonurus  cardiaca. 

THRUSH,  Aphthaj  — t.  Milk,  AphthjB— t. 
AVhite,  Aphthae. 

THRYPSI3,  Comminution. 

THUJA  OCCIDENTALIS,  Thuya  occiden- 
talis. 

THUREA,  Juniperus  lycia — t.  Virga,  Junipe- 
rus  lycia. 

THUS,  see  Pinus  abies — t.Foemininum,  seePi- 
nus  abies — t.  Judeeorum,  Croton  cascarilla,  Sty- 
rax,  Thymiama — t.  Libanotos,  Juniperus  Ij'cia — 
t.  Masculum,  .luniperus  lycia — t.  Verum,  Junipe- 
rus lycia — t.  Vulgare,  see  Pinus  abies. 

THUYA  APHYLLA,  see  Sandarac. 

Thu'ya  seu  Thuja  Occidenta'lis,  T.  ohtn'sa, 
Cuprea' sus  Arbor  Vita,  Arbor  Vita,  Tree  of 
Life.  Nat.  Family,  Conifera;.  The  leaves  and 
W9od  were  formerly  in  high  repute  as  resolvents, 
sudorifics,  and  expectorants,  and  were  given  in 
phthisical  affections,  intermittent  fevers,  and 
dropsies.  The  expressed  juice  has  been  applied 
to  condylomata.  The  arrangement  of  the  medul- 
lary matter  of  the  cerebellum,  termed  Arbor 
VitcB,  is  also  called  Thuya. 

TliYLACIITIS,  Gutta  rosea. 

THYM,  Thymus. 

THYMA,  Thymion. 

THYMALOS,  Taxus  baccata. 

THYMASTHMA,  Asthma  thymicum. 

THYMBPuA,  Satureia  hortensis — t.  Hispanica, 
Thymus  mastichina. 

THYME,  CAT,Teucrium  Marum— t.  Common, 
Thymus — t.  Lemon,  see  Thymus  serpyllum  —  t. 
Mother  of,  Thymus  serpyllum  —  t.  Virginia, 
Pycnanthemum  linifolium — t.  Wild,  Thymus  ser- 
pyllum. 

THYMELjSIA,  Daphne  gnidium — t.  Laureola, 
Daphne  laureola  —  t.  Mezereum,  Daphne  meze- 
reum — t.  Monspeliaca,  Daphne  gnidium. 

THYMELCO'SIS,  from  ^^o?,  'thymus,'  and 
'c\kos,  'an  ulcer.'  Ulceration  of  the  thymus  gland. 

THYMI'AMA,  Ovixtapa,  'a  perfume;'  Mush- 
wood,.  Thus  Jadao' rum,  (F.)  Narcaphte.  A  bark 
from  Syria,  Cilicia,  &c.,  supposed  to  be  the  pro- 
duct of  the  liquid  storax  tree.  It  has  an  agree- 
able, balsamic  smell ;  approaching  that  of  liquid 
storax. 

THYMiAjrA,  Fumieation,  SufBmentum. 

THYMIASIOTECHNIA,  Thymiatechny. 

THYMIASIS,  Fumigation. 

THYMIATECH'NY,  Thymiatech'nia,  Thymt. 
asiotech'nia,  Curafumigato'ria,  from  Ovfuaua,  'an 
odour,'  and  Tfxyn,  'art.'  The  ari  of  employing 
perfumes  in  medicine. 

THYM'ION,  Thyma,  Thymus,  Porrum,  Porrus, 
Verru'ca  rhagoVdca,  Verru'ca  miiwr,  from  Bvfio;, 
'  thj'me.'  A  small  wart  on  the  skin,  resembling 
a  bud  of  thyme. 

THYMIOSIS,  Framboesia  — t.  Indica,  Fram- 
boesia. 

THYMI'TES.    Wine  impregnated  with  thyme, 

TIIYMI'TIS,  from  ^u/ios,  'thymus,'  and  itis, 
denoting  inflammation.  Inflammation  of  the 
thj'mus  gland. 

THYMOPATHI'A,  PsychopntJii'a,  from  ^v/jo;, 
'the  mind,'  and  ttoBos,  'affection.'  A  disease  of 
the  mind. 

THYMOS,  Rage. 

THYMOXAL'ME,  from  Svp,o<,  'thyme,'  ofuf, 
'acid,'  and  'aXs,  'salt.'  A  compound  of  thyme, 
vinegar,  and  salt. 

THYMUS,  Sv/iog,  Ghind'uln  Thymus,  Corpus 
Thymiamum  seu  Thy'micum,  Glnn'dium,  Thymus 
gland.  Corpus  incomprehensiV He  of  Jos.  Frank. 
An  organ,  the  uses  of  which  are  totally  unknown. 


THTEA 


855 


THYROID 


and  which  is  seated  in  the  upper  separation  of 
the  anterior  mediastinum.  The  thymus  has  the 
appearance  of  a  glandular  hody.  It  is  oblong; 
bilobate ;  soft,  and  very  variable  in  size  and  co- 
lour. In  the  foetus,  it  is  very  large,  and  contains 
in  a  central  cavity  —  reservoir  of  the  thymus  —  a 
milky  fluid;  but  it  gradually  disappears,  and  in 
old  age  is  scarcely  discernible.  The  arteries, 
called  thymic,  are  from  the  inferior  thyroid,  inter- 
nal mammary,  bronchial,  and  mediastinal.  The 
veins  have  the  same  arrangement.  It  receives 
some  nervous  filaments  from  the  pneumogastric 
Qerves,  the  phrenic,  and  the  inferior  cervical 
ganglia. 

Thtmus,  T.  vulga'ris  seu  temufo'lius  seu  hor- 
ten'sis,  Common  Thyme,  (F.)  Thym,  T.  ordinaire. 
Family,  Labiatse.  Sex.  Syst.  Didynamia  Gymno- 
spermia.  This  herb  has  an  agreeable,  aromatic 
smell ;  and  a  warm,  pungent  taste.  It  is  reputed 
to  be  resolvent,  emmenagogue,  tonic,  and  stoma- 
chic.    It  is  not  much  used. 

Thymus,  Satureia  capitata,  Thymion — t.  Cala- 
minthus,  Melissa  ealamintha — t.  Capitatus,  Satu- 
reia capitata — t.  Ciliatus,  T.  mastiehina — t.  Cre- 
ticus,  Satureia  capitata — t.  Hortensis,  Thymus — 
t.  Includens,  T.  serpyllum. 

Thymus  Mastich'ina,  T.  cilia'tus,  Common 
herb  Ifastich,  JIarum  vuJga're,  Samp'suchus,  Cli- 
nopo'dia,  Mastich'ina  Gallo'rum,  Thymhra  Ilis- 
pan'ica,  Jaca  In'dica.  A  low,  shrubby,  Spanish 
plant,  used  as  an  errhine.  It  has  a  smell  like 
mastich.  Its  virtues  resemble  those  of  the  Marum 
Syriacum  ;  but  it  is  said  to  be  less  powerful. 

Thymus  Moltiflorus,  Melissa  nepeta — t.  Ne- 
peta,  Melissa  nepeta. 

Thymus  Serpyl'lum,  T.  inclu'dens,  Mother  of 
Thyme,  Wild  Thyme,  Her'pylos,  Herpyl'los,  Ser- 
pyl'lum, Serpid'lum,  Serpil'lum,  Gila'rmn,  Ser- 
pyl'lum vulgn're  minus,  (F.)  Serpolet.  This  plant 
has  the  same  sensible  properties  as  the  garden 
thyme ;  but  has  a  milder,  and  rather  more  grate- 
ful flavour.  Lemon  Thyme,  the  Serpyllum  citra'- 
tum,  is  merely  a  variety  of  the  Thymus  Serpyllum. 
It  is  very  pungent ;  and  has  a  particularly  grate- 
ful odour,  approaching  that  of  lemons. 

Thymus  Sylvaticus,  Clinopodium  vulgare  — 
th.  Sylvestris,  Satureia  capitata — th.  Tenuifo- 
lius,  Thymus. 

THYRA,  0upa,  'a  gate,  folding-door.'  In  com- 
position, Thyreo  and  Thyro,  ^vpcos,  '  a  shield  re- 
sembling a  folding-door,'  mean  the  thyroid  car- 
tilage. 

THYREMPHRAXIS,  Bronchocele. 

THYREO,  Thyro,  in  composition,  relate  to  the 
thyroid  cartilage  or  gland. 

THYREO  ADENITIS,  Thyreoitis. 

T  H Y  R  E  0-A  RY  T'E  N  0 1 D,  Thyro-arytenoi- 
deus,  or  Thyro-aryteno'ides.  That  which  relates 
to  the  thyroid  and  arytenoid  cartilages. 

Thyreo-arytexoid  Ligaments,  Inferior  Liga- 
ments of  the  Larynx,  Lips  of  the  Glottis,  Vocal 
Cords,  are  two  ligaments  about  two  lines  broad, 
formed  of  elastic  and  parallel  fibres,  which  are 
contained  in  a  duplicature  of  the  mucous  mem- 
brane of  the  larynx.  They  extend  horizontally 
from  the  anterior  projection  at  the  base  of  each 
arytenoid  cartilage  to  the  middle  of  the  angle  of 
union  of  the  thyroid  cartilage.  They  are  the 
essential  organs  of  voice.     See  Glottis. 

THYREO-ARYTEXOrD     MuSCLES,     ThYREO-ARY- 

TENoiDEi,  are  thin  muscles,  which  arise  from  the 
middle  and  inferior  part  of  the  posterior  surface 
of  the  thyroid  cartilage;  whence  they  proceed 
backwards  and  outwards,  to  be  inserted  into  the 
outer  part  of  the  base  of  the  arytenoid  cartilage. 
They  give  the  necessary  tension  to  the  ligaments 
of  the  glottis,  in  the  production  of  the  voice. 


Santorini  has  given  the  name  Thyreo-arytendl- 
deus  obliquus  to  a  portion  of  the  arytenoideut 
muscle. 

T  H  Y  R  E  0-E  P I G  L  0  T'T  I C,  Thyreo-epiglot- 
tideus,  Thyrepiglott'icus.  Sabatier  and  Santorini 
have  given  this  name  to  the  outer  portion  of  the 
thyro-arytenoid  muscle ;  because  it  passes  from 
the  thyroid  cartilage  to  the  anterior  part  of  the 
epiglottis. 

THYREO-HYOID,  Thyro-hyoideus,  Thyro- 
hyo'ides,  Hyodeothyreo'des.  That  which  belongs 
or  relates  to  the  thyroid  cartilage  and  os  hyoides. 

Thyreo-hyoid  or  Hyo-thyroid  Membrane 
is  a  very  broad,  yellowish,  fibrous  membrane, 
thicker  at  the  middle  than  at  the  extremities, 
which  is  attached  above  to  the  posterior  surface 
of  the  body  and  great  cornu  of  the  os  hyoides ; 
and,  below,  to  the  whole  superior  edge  of  the 
thyroid  cartilage. 

THYREO-HYOIDEUS  or  Hyo -thyreoid eua 
Muscle  is  situate  at  the  anterior  and  superior 
part  of  the  neck.  It  is  attached  to  the  ciblique 
line  on  the  anterior  surface  of  the  thyroid  car- 
tilage ;  to  the  inferior  edge  of  the  body  of  the  os 
hyoides,  and  to  the  anterior  portion  of  its  great 
cornu.  It  approximates  the  thyroid  cartilage 
and  os  hyoides  to  each  other,  by  raising  the  car- 
tilage, and  with  it  the  whole  larynx:  or,  it  can 
depress  the  os  hyoides. 

T H Y R  E  O-PHARYNGEUS,  Thyro-Pharyn- 
geus. 

THYREOID,  Thyroid. 

THYREOIDEUS,  Thyroideal, 

THYREOI'TIS,  Thyreoadeni'tis,  Angi'na  thy- 
reo'idea,  from  ^vQtos,  '  a  shield,'  and  itis,  denot- 
ing inflammation.  Inflammation  of  the  thyroid 
gland. 

THYREOXCUS,  Bronchocele. 

THYREOPHRAXIA,  Bronchocele. 

THYREPIGLOTTICUS,  Thyreoepiglottie. 

THYRO,  see  Thyreo. 

THYRO-ARYTENOID,  Thyreo-arytenoid. 

THYRO-CRICO-PHARYNGEUS,  see  Crico- 
pharyngeal. 

THYRO-HYOIDEUS,  Thyreo-hyoid. 

THYRO-PHARYNGEUS,  Thyreo-pharyngeus. 
Valsalva,  Morgagni,  Santorini,  and  Winslow  have 
given  this  name  to  the  portion  of  the  constrictor 
pharyngis  inferior,  which  is  attached  to  the  thy- 
roid cartilage. 

Thyro-Pharyngeus,  Constrictor  pharyngis, 
see  Crico-pharyngeal. 

THYRO-PHARYNGO-STAPHYLINUS,  Pa- 
lato-pharyngeus. 

THYROCELE,  Bronchocele. 

THYROID,  Thy'reoid,  ThyroVdes,  from  ^vpa, 
'  a  gate  or  folding-door,'  or  from  5vpco;,  '  a  shield,' 
and  uioi, '  form.'  That  which  has  the  shape  of  a 
folding-door. 

Thyroid  Car'tilage,  Cartila'go  Scutifor'mis, 
C.  Scuta' lis,  0.  Glypea'lis,  Coopertorium,  C.  Pel- 
ta'lis  seu  pelta'tus,  Scutum.,  Ada'mi  Morsus  Os, 
is  the  largest  of  the  cartilages  of  the  larj'nx,  at 
the  anterior  part  of  which  it  is  situate.  It  is 
larger  transversely  than  vertically;  broader  above 
than  below;  and  seems  formed  by  the  junction 
of  the  two  quadrilateral  plates,  which  produce, 
by  their  union,  an  angle  tftat  projects  forwards. 
Its  two  posterior  margins  terminate  above,  and 
on  each  side,  by  an  ensiform  prolongation,  called 
the  greater  cornu  of  the  thyroid  cartilage  ;  and, 
below,  by  a  less  prominent  eminence,  the  lesser 
cornu,  which  is  articulated  with  the  cricoid. 

Thyroid  Gland,  Corpus  Thyreo'ideum,  Glan'. 
dula  Thyredidea,  (F.)  Gland  ou  Corps  Thyro'idt,, 
is  an  organ,  the  uses  of  which  are  not  known.  It 
covers  the  anterior  and  inferior  nart  of  the  iarjux. 


THYEOIDEAL 


856 


TIBIALIS 


as  well  as  the  first  rings  of  the  trachea,  and  seems 
to  be  composed  of  two  lobes,  flattened  from  before 
to  behind,  which  are  united  by  a  transverse  pro- 
longation of  the  same  nature  as  themselves,  called 
the  Isthmus  of  the  Thyroid  Gland.  The  tissue  of 
the  thyroid  is  soft,  spongy,  and  of  a  brownish 
colour;  but  its  intimate  structure  is  unknown. 
It  is  formed  of  several  distinct  lobules ;  collected 
in  lobes  of  greater  or  less  size.  These  are  com- 
posed of  granulations,  some  of  which  contain  a 
yellowish  or  milky  fluid.  The  thyroid  gland  re- 
ceives four  large  arteries,  called  Thyroidcal,  as 
well  as  corresponding  veins.  Its  nerves  proceed 
from  the  pneumogastric,  and  from  the  cervical 
ganglia.  No  escretory  duct  has  ever  been  found 
in  it.     Its  uses  are  not  known. 

THYROIDEAL,  Thyroideus,  Thyreoideu8,{'F,) 
Thyroidien.  That  which  concerns  the  thyroid 
gland  or  cartilage. 

Thyroideal  Arteries  are  two  on  each  side. 
1.  The  suxierior  Thyroideal,  superior  laryngeal, 
superior  guttural,  arises  from  the  anterior  part  of 
the  external  carotid,  and  proceeds  to  the  upper 
part  of  the  thyroid  gland,  after  having  given  off 
a  laryngeal  branch  and  a  erieo-thyroid,  2.  The 
inferior  Thyroideal,  infe'rior  gut'tural,  much 
larger  than  the  last,  arises  from  the  upper  part 
of  the  subclavian.  It  passes,  in  a  serpentine 
manner,  to  the  inferior  part  of  the  thyroid  gland, 
to  which  it  is  distributed,  after  having  given  a 
number  of  branches  to  the  neighbouring  parts, 
among  which  is  the  cervicalis  aseendens. 

Thyroideal  Veins  are,  1.  A  superior  thyroi- 
deal, and  several  middle  thyroideal,  which  open 
into  the  internal  jugular  vein.  2.  An  inferior 
thyroideal,  much  larger  than  the  preceding,  whose 
branches  form  —  by  anastomosing  with  those  of 
the  opposite  side,  in  front  of  the  trachea  —  a 
very  remarkable  venous  plexus,  which  J.  Cloquet 
calls  the  infra-thyroideal  plexus.  The  inferior 
thyroideal  veins  open, — the  left  into  the  corre- 
sponding subclavian ; — the  right,  into  the  vena 
cava  superior. 

THYROIDIEN,  Thyroideal. 

THYROPHRAXIA,  Bronchocele. 

THYRSUS,  Penis. 

TIBI-PERONEO-TARSIEN,  Peronajus 
longus. 

TIB'IA.  A  Latin  word,  which  signifies  a  7?M<e 
or  pipe.  Cneme,  Proene'me,  Procne'mium,  Fo'cile 
viajus,  Arun'do  major,  Canna  major,  Canna  major 
seu  domes'tiea  cruris.  The  largest  bone  of  the 
leg.  A  long,  irregular,  and  triangular  bone, 
situate  on  the  inner  side  of  the  fibula.  It  has,  1. 
A  Superior  or  femoral  extremity,  which  is  very 
large,  rounded,  and  has  two  eminences  at  the 
sides,  called  Tuberos'ities  of  the  Tibia,  or  Tibial 
tuberosities.  The  outermost  is  articulated  with 
the  fibula.  On  its  head  are  two  articular,  oval, 
concave  surfaces,  separated  by  a  process,  called 
Spine  of  the  tibia,  which  are  articulated  with  the 
condyles  of  the  Os  femoris.  2.  An  inferior  or 
tarsal  extremity,  having  an  articular  surface  be- 
neath, which  joins  the  astragalus;  within,  a  tri- 
angular eminence,  which  forms  the  malleolus  in- 
ternus ;  and,  on  the  outside,  a  triangular  surface, 
which  articulates  with  the  fibula.  3.  The  body 
<ir  shaft  of  the  tibia  hat  three  faces,  separated  by 
three  angles,  the  anterior  of  which  is  the  most 
prominent,  and  is  called  the  spine  or  crista  of  the 
tibia  or  tibial  spine.  It  is  the  shin.  The  tibia  is 
articulated  with  the  femur,  fibula,  and  astragalus. 
It  is  developed  by  three  points  of  ossification, 
ifue  for  the  body,  and  one  for  each  extremity. 

TiBTA  Minima,  Fibula. 

TIBIvEUS,  Tibial. 

TIB'IAL,  Tibia'lis,  Tibiee'us,  (F.)  Tibial,  Jam- 
bUr    That  which  relates  to  the  tibia  or  to  the  leg. 


Tibial  Aponeuro'sis,  (F.)  Aponivrose  Jam- 
biere,  surrounds  the  muscles  of  the  leg.  It  is  con- 
tinuous, above,  with  the  femoral  aponeurosis,  and 
arises,  also,  from  the  head  of  the  fibula,  and  from 
several  fibrous  expansions  which  detach  them- 
selves from  the  tendons  of  the  triceps,  sartoi-ius, 
gracilis,  and  semitendinosus.  Thence  it  descends 
around  the  leg,  attaching  itself  to  the  whole  ex- 
tent of  the  anterior  and  inner  edges  of  the  tibia. 
It  sends,  below,  an  expansion,  which  passes  be- 
fore the  tendo  Achillis,  and  is  continuous  with 
the  anterior  annular  ligament  of  the  tarsus.  It 
is  attached,  also,  to  the  sheath  of  the  peronei 
muscles. 

Tibial  Arteries  are  two  in  number.  1.  The 
Tibia'lis  Antl'ca,  which  arises  from  the  popliteal 
artery,  before  its  bifurcation;  passes  immediately 
through  the  opening  in  the  upper  part  of  the  in- 
terosseous ligament,  and  reaches  the  anterior  part 
of  the  leg;  when  it  turns  downwards,  and  de- 
scends obliquely,  between  the  extensor  communis 
digitorum  pedis  and  the  tibialis  anticus,  anterior 
to  the  interosseous  ligament;  glides  under  the 
anterior  annular  ligament  of  the  tarsus,  and  takes 
the  name  Dorsalls  tarsi.  Amongst  the  numerous 
branches,  given  off  by  the  tibialis  antica,  may  be 
distinguished  —  the  Tibialis  recur'rens,  A.  mul- 
leola'ris  interna,  and  A.  malleolarls  externa.  2. 
The  Tibialis  posti'ca,  arises  from  the  bifurcation 
of  the  popliteal  artery ;  and,  slightly  tortuous, 
descends  between  the  two  planes  of  the  posterior 
muscles  of  the  leg;  until  it  arrives  under  the 
arch  of  the  calcaneum,  where  it  divides  into  two 
branches  —  the  Plantar  arteries. 

TIBIAD,  see  Tibial  aspect. 

TIB'IAL  ASPECT.  An  aspect  towards  the 
the  side  on  which  the  tibia  is  situated. — Barclay. 
Tibiad  is  used  adverbially  by  the  same  writer,  to 
signify,  '  towards  the  tibial  aspect.' 

Tibial  Nerves  are  two  in  number.  1.  The 
anterior  tibial  verve,  Pretibio-susplantaire,  (Ch.) 
One  of  the  two  branches  in  which  the  external 
popliteal  terminates.  It  accompanies  the  arteria 
tibialis  antica.  2.  The  posterior  tibial  nerve, 
Branche  tibiale  du  nerf  fenioro-ptopjlitee,  (Ch.)  is 
the  internal  ptopiliteal. 

Tibial  Veins,  Anterior  and  Posterior,  h.ave 
the  same  arrangement  as  the  arteries  which  they 
accompany. 

TIBIA'LIS  ANTI'CUS,  Cate'-nm  mus'crdus, 
(F.)  Tibio-sns-nietatarsien,  Tlblo-sustarslen,  (Cb.) 
Jambicr  anterienr.  A  muscle  situate  at  the  an- 
terior part  of  the  leg.  Above,  it  has  the  shape 
of  a  triangular  prism ;  below,  it  is  slender  and 
tendinous.  It  is  attached,  above,  to  the  anterior 
part  of  the  external  tuberosity  of  the  tibia;  to 
the  superior  half  of  the  outer  surface  of  that 
bone;  and  to  the  anterior  surface  of  the  interos- 
seous ligament.  Below,  its  tendon  terminates  at 
the  base  of  the  first  cuneiform  bone,  and  at  the 
posterior  extremity  of  the  first  metatarsal  bone. 
This  muscle  bends  the  foot  on  the  leg,  and  directs 
its  point  inwards,  at  the  same  time  that  it  raises 
its  inner  edge.  It  can,  also,  bend  the  leg  on  the 
foot,  and  prevent  it  from  falling  backwards  in 
standing. 

Tibialis  Gracilis,  Plantar  muscle. 

Tibialis  Posti'cus,  (F.)  Tibio-tarsien,  Tibio- 
sous-tarslen,  (Cli.)  Jambier poslerieur.  This  mus- 
cle is  situate  at  the  posterior  and  deep  part  of  the 
leg.  It  is  thicker  above  than  below  ;  and  if  at- 
tached, above,  to  the  posterior  surface  of  the 
fibula;  to  the  posterior  surface  of  the  tibia,  »nd 
to  the  interosseous  ligament.  Its  tendon  termi- 
nates, below,  at  the  tuberosity  on  the  inferior 
extremity  of  the  os  scaphoides.  This  muscle  ex- 
tends the  foot  on  the  leg;  at  the  same  time  rais- 


TIB  10-  CAL  CANIEN 


857 


TIXCTURA 


ing  its  inner  edge.     It,  likewise,  extends  tlie  leg 
on  the  foot. 

TIBIO-CALOANIEX,  Soleus— f.  Phnlanget- 
tieu,  Flexor  longus  digitorum  pedis  profundus 
pcrforans  —  t.  Sous-tarsien,  Tibialis  posticus  —  t. 
Siis-metatarsien,  Tibialis  anticus  —  t.  Sus-tarsien, 
Tibialis  anticus. 

TIB'IO-TARSAL,  Tihio-tar'seus,  (F.)  Tibio- 
tarsienne.     What  relates  to  the  tibia  and  tarsus. 

Tibio-Taksal  Articula'tion  is  the  articula- 
tion of  the  foot  Tvith  the  leg.  It  is  formed  by 
the  tibia  and  the  astragalus;  and  is  strengthened 
by  lateral,  and  by  anterior  and  posterior  liga- 
ments. 

TIDIO-TARSIEN;  Tibialis  posticus. 

lie.  Twitching,  VeUication.  A  local  and  habi- 
tual convulsive  motion  of  certain  muscles;  and, 
especially,  of  some  of  those  of  the  face.  It  is, 
sometimes,  called  in  France  Tic  convuhif  ou  Tic 
non  douloureux,  to  distinguish  it  from  Tic  doulou- 
reux or  neuralgia  faciei,  and  has  been  termed  a 
partial  chorea  or  foi'm  of  chronic  chorea,  Spas- 
mus facia'lis,  Chore' a  fa'eiei. 

TIC  BOULEUBEUX,  Neuralgia,  facial  — f. 
noil  dordoureux,  see  Tic. 

TICKLE  WEED,  Veratrura  viride. 

TICKLING,  (F.)  Chatouillement.  This  word, 
sometimes,  means  the  action  of  tickling  [titilla'- 
tio,  titiUation ;)  at  others,  the  sensation  pro- 
duced by  this  action  (pruri'fus).  A  vivid  sensa- 
tion, which  commonly  causes  laughter,  and  a 
state  of  general  spasm  that  may  be  dangerous  if 
too  long  protracted.  There  are  some  parts  of 
the  bodj',  where  we  are  easier  tickled  than  others; 
for  example,  the  sole  of  the  feet,  and  the  hypo- 
chondriac regions. 

TICKSEED  SUNFLOWER,  Coreopsis  tricho- 
spevma. 

TICKWEED,  Hedeoma  — t.  Sunflower,  Core- 
opsis trichosperma. 

TIDAL  AIR,  see  Respiration. 

TIERCE,  see  Tertian. 

TIGE  PITUITAIRE,  Infundibulum  of  the 
brain  —  t.  Sus-sphino'idale,  Infundibulum  of  the 
brain. 

TIGILLUM,  Crucible. 

TIGLIA  SEU  TIGLII  GRAN  A,  see  Croton 
Tiglium. 

TIGRETIER,  see  Mania,  dancing. 

TIGULA,  Saccharum. 

TIKIMMA,  Cacoucia  eoccinea. 

TILBURY,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  A  sa- 
line chalybeate  at  West  lilbur}',  in  Esses,  Eng- 
land.    It  is  not  much  frequented. 

TILIA,  T.  EuropcB'a  seu  grandiflo'ra  seu  cordi- 
fo'lia  sen  pauciflo'ra  seu  platyphyll'a,  Phil'yra. 
The  Lime  tree  or  Linden  tree,  Basswood,  White- 
tcood,  Spoontcood,  (F.)  Tilleul.  Family,  Tilia- 
cea).  The  flowers  have  been  supposed  to  possess 
anodyne  and  antispasmodic  virtues. 

TILLEUL,  Tilia. 

TILLICHERRT  CORTEX,  Nerium  antidy- 
Bentericum. 

TILMA,  Linteum. 

TILMOS,  Evulsion. 

TILMUS,  Carphologia. 

TILY,  OF  THE  INDIANS,  Viburnum  denta- 
tum. 

TIMAC.  The  name  of  an  East  India  root,  but 
of  what  vegetable  is  not  clear.  It  is  said  to  pos- 
sess diuretic  properties;  and  hence  has  been 
given  in  dropsies. 

TIMIDUS,  Rectus  inferior  oeuli. 

TIN,  (D.)  Ten.  Stannum,  Cassit'eros,  Cat- 
tit'eros,  Stangos,  Ju'piter,  Stu'pia,  Laos,  Plumhtnn 
album  seu  can'didum.  Plumbum  candidum,  (F.) 
Etain.  A  solid  metal;  of  a  peculiar  odour  when 
rubbed;    insipid;    colour  whitish;    s.   g.  7.291; 


giving  a  peculiar  tinlding  sound  when  struck. 
It  is  used,  in  medicine,  only  as  a  mechanical  an- 
thelmintic. Dose,  0J  of  the  Palcis  Stanni,  Stan- 
num granula'tum  or  Granular  tin,  in  molasses. 
This  is  made  by  melting  tin  in  an  iron  vessel 
over  the  fire,  and,  while  it  is  cooling,  stirring 
until  it  is  reduced  to  a  powder,  which  is  passed 
through  a  sieve. — Ph.  U.  S. 

Tin,  Butter  of,  Tin,  muriate  of — t.  Chloruret 
of,  iin,  muriate  of — t.  Deutohydrochlorate  of,  T. 
muriate  of. 

Tin-Foil,  Stannum  folia'tum,  Stanni' ohm,  is 
used  for  plugging  carious  teeth,  &c. 

Tin-Glass,  Bismuth  —  t.  Granular,  see  Tin  — 
t.  Muriate  of,  superoxygenated,  T.  muriate  of. 

Tin,  Muriate  of,  Butter  of  Tin,  Fuming  liquor 
of  Liba'vius,  Mu'rias  Stanni,  3Iurias  Oxyd'uli 
Stanni,  Chlor'uret  of  Tin,  Ueu'to-hydro-chlorate 
of  Tin,  Superoxygena'ted  Muriate  of  Tin.  This 
is  formed  of  Tin,  one  part;  concentrated  muriatic 
acid,  three  parts.  To  be  crystallized  by  the  aid 
of  heat.     A  violent  cathartic.     Dose,  gr.  ij  or  iij. 

Tin,  Sulphuret  of,  Aurum  musivum. 

TINAGMUS,  Concussion. 

TINASMUS,  Tenesmus. 

TINCTU'RA,  from  tingere,  tinctum,  'to  dye.' 
Tinctu.re,  Essen'tia,  (F.)  Teinture,  Alcoolat,  Alco- 
hol. The  term  tincture  is  generally  restricted  to 
spirituous  solutions  of  vegetable,  animal,  and  some 
saline  substances.  It  corresponds,  therefore,  with 
the  word  Quintes'sence,  in  one  of  its  old  signifi- 
cations ;  and  with  the  Alcoola' turn  of  the  Codex 
of  Paris.  It  is  not  unusual,  however,  to  speak 
of  aqueous  tincture,  ethereal  tincture,  &c.  Tinc- 
tures are  made  either  with  pure  alcohol  or  proof 
spirit.  The  former  are  precipitated  by  water : 
and,  therefore,  are  seldom  used  internally;  the 
latter  are  common  additions  to  infusions,  decoc- 
tions, &c.  They  ought  not,  of  course,  to  be 
united  with  any  vehicle  which  can  decompose 
them,  or  separate  any  thing  from  them  in  a  pal- 
pable form ;  unless  such  decomposition  is  desired 
by  the  prescriber.  In  making  tinctures,  the  in- 
gredients should  be  reduced  to  a  coarse  powder; 
and  the  maceration  be  made  in  close  vessels,  ex- 
posed to  a  heat  of  about  80°,  and  frequently 
shaken.  When  completed,  they  must  be  filtered, 
and  put  away  for  use  in  close  bottles.  When  the 
process  of  displacement  is  employed,  great  care 
must  be  taken,  so  that  the  substances  treated 
may  be,  as  far  as  possible,  exhausted  of  their 
soluble  principles,  and  a  perfectly  clear  tincture 
be  obtained.  To  those  who  are  not  familiar  with 
the  process,  the  plan  of  maceration  is  preferable. 
—Ph.  U.  S. 

TiNCTURA  Absin'thii  Cosfpos 'ita,  Compound 
Tincture  of  uormivood,  Essen'tia  absin'thii  com- 
posita  seu  amara.  (Absinth.,  artem.  pontic, 
caryoph.  aa  gss,  sncc/i.  ^ij-  alcohol.  Oss.  Mace- 
rate for  fifteen  days.  Ph.  P.)  Tonic,  stomachic, 
vermifuge,  and  carminative.     Dose,  f  gij  to  f^ss. 

TiNCTURA  Acacia  Catechu,  T.  catechu  —  t, 
Acetatis  ferri  cum  aleohole,  see  T.  ferri  acetatis 
—  t.  Acidi  sulphurici,  Sulphuricum  acidum  aro- 
maticum. 

TiNCTURA  Aconi'ti,  (Ph.  U.  S.  1842.)  Tinc- 
iu'ra.  Aconi'ti  folio' rum,  (Ph.  U.  S.  1851.)  Tinc- 
ture of  Aconite,  (Aconit.  fulior.  ^iv,  alcohol,  dilui. 
Oij.  Macerate  for  14  days,  express,  and  filter 
through  paper.  It  may  also  be  made  by  dis- 
placement. Ph.  U.  S.)  Dose,  gtt.  T.  It  is  ruo 
bed  on  the  seat  of  neuralgia. 

TiNCTURA  Aconi'ti  Radi'cis,  Tincture  of  Aco- 
nite root,  {Aconit.  radicis,  eontus.  Ibj,  Alco'')ol. 
Oij.  Macerate  for  14  days;  express  and  filter. 
It  may  also  be  prepared  by  displacement  Ph. 
U.  S.)     Uses  same  as  the  last. 


TINCTURA 


858 


TmCTURA 


TiNCTURA  iETHB'EEA  CAMPHORA'tA,  Solu'ttO 
cam'pkorcB  cethe'rea,  Liquor  nervinus  Bangii,  Spi- 
ritus  suljihu'rico-cethereHS  camphora'tus,  Naphtha 
vitrioU  camphora' ta.  (Oamjihor.  p.  i.  JEther  sul- 
phuric, p.  ii.)  Stimulant  in  atonic  diseases,  ar- 
thritic cardialgia  and  spasm.  Dose,  20  to  30 
drops  in  white  wine. 

TiNCTURA  iExHEREA  Ferri,  Alcohol  (seu  Tinc- 
tura)  sulphurico-sethereus  ferri  —  t.  Alcoholica 
Chinee  composita,  T.  cinchonse  composita — t.  Al- 
coholica corticum  aurantiorum  Whyttii,  Tinctura 
cinchonaa  amara  —  t.  Alexipharmaca  Huxhami, 
Tinctura  cinchonse  composita. 

TiNCTURA  Al'oes,  T.  Al'oes  Socotori'ncB,  Es- 
een'tia  Aloes,  Al'cohol  mini  Aloe jo erf olia'td,  Tinc- 
ture of  Aloes.  {Aloes,  pulv.  ^j,  ext.  glyeyrrh. 
§iij,  aqucB  Oiss,  alcohol.  Oss.  Macerate  for  14 
days,  and  filter.  Ph.  U.  S.)  Properties,  those 
of  aloes.     Dose,  f^ss  to  f5iss. 

Tinctura  Aloes  jEihe'rea,  JEthe'real  Tinc- 
ture of  Aloes,  Tinctura  aloes  vitriola'ta.  (Aloes 
Socot.,  Myrrh,  aa  ,^iss,  croci  ^j,  *p-  atheris  sulph. 
Oj.  Digest  the  myrrh  in  the  ether  for  4  days ; 
then  add  the  aloes  and  saffron.  Ph.  E.)  Stimu- 
lant and  cathartic.     Dose,  f ^j  to  f,5y- 

Tinctura  Aloes  Compos'ita,  Elix'ir  Proprie- 
ta'tis,  E.  aperiti'vum,  E.  Aloes,  TincUira  Aloes 
cum  Bhjrrhd,  T.  Aloes  et  llyrrhcB,  (Ph.  U.  S.,)  T. 
Aloes  et  3/yrrhcB  croca'ta,  Elixir  of  long  life, 
Compound  Tincture  of  Aloes,  (F.)  Elixir  de  longue 
vie,  Baume  de  vie  de  Lelievre,  [Aloes,  in  pulv., 
,^iij,  croci,  ^j,  Tinct.  Myrrhce,  Oij.)  Macerate  for 
14  days,  and  filter.  Purgative  and  stomachic. 
Dose,  f,5  to  f^ij. 

Boerhaave'a  Elixir  consisted  of  aloes,  myrrh, 
saffron,  and  tartrate  of  potassa,  digested  in  alco- 
hol and  water. 

Radcliffe's  Elixir  is  formed  of  Alois  Socotr. 
^vj,  cort.  cinnam.,  rad.  zedoar,  aa  ,^ss,  rad.  rhei 
5J,  coccinell.  ^ss,  syrup,  rhamni  ^ij,  sp.  tenuior. 
Oj.  aqucB  puree  f^v. 

Tinctura  Aloes  et  Myrrhs,  T.  aloes  com- 
posita—  t.  Aloes  et  myrrhae  crocata,  T.  A.  com- 
posita—  t.  Aloes  vitriolata,  T.  A.  setherea  —  t. 
Amara,  T.  gentianse  composita  —  t.  Amomi  re- 
pentis,  T.  cardamom!  —  t.  Amomi  zingiberis,  T. 
zingiberis. 

Tinctura  Angustu'RjE,  Tincture  of  Angustura. 
{Cort.  cuspar.  in  pulv.  crass,  redact,  .^ij,  sp.  vin. 
ten.  Oij.    Digest.  Ph.  D.)     Dose,  fjj  to  f^U- 

Tinctura  Antipebrilis  Warbuegi,  see  Be- 
beeru. 

Tinctura  Antiodontal'gicA,  Toothache  Tinc- 
ture. {Tannin,  ^j,  Mastich,  gr.  v,  ather.  ^ij.  M.) 
To  be  applied  on  cotton  wool,  to  the  tooth  pre- 
viously dried, 

Tinctura  Aristolochi^  Serpentaeije,  T. 
serpentariae  —  t.  Aromatica,  T.  cinnamomi  com- 
posita— t.  Aromatica  ammoniata,  Spiritus  ammo- 
nise  aromaticus. 

Tinctura  Assafce'tid^e,  T.  Ferhdce  Assafceti- 
dcB,  Tincture  of  Assafoetida,  T.  fostida,  T.  assafoe- 
tidcB,  {Assafvetid.  ,^iv,  alcohol.  Oij.  Macerate  for 
14  days  and  filter.)     Dose,  gtt.  xv  to  f^j. 

Tinctura  Assafoetidj!:  Ammoniata,  Spiritus 
Ammonise  foetidus. 

Tinctura  Auran'tii,  T.  Cor'ticis  Aurantii, 
Tincture,  of  Orange  Peel.  {Aurant.  cort.  recent. 
§iij,»p.  reci.  Oij.  Digest  for  14  days.)  Stomachic. 
Used  as  an  adjunct  to  stomachic  draughts.  Dose, 
f^ss  to  3ij. 

Tinctura  Aurea,  Alcohol  seu  tinctura  sul- 
phurico-ajthereus  ferri. 

Tinctura  Belladon'n.e,  Tincture  of  Bella- 
donna, {Beltadonnm,  ^iv,  alcohol,  diltit.  Oij. 
Macerate  for  14  days  ;  express,  and  filter  through 
paper.  It  may,  also,  be  prepared  by  displace- 
ment.   Ph.  U.  S.) 


Tinctura  Benzo'ini  Compos 'itA,  Compound 
Tincture  of  Benzoin,  T.  Benzoes  composita,  BaV- 
samum  Cathol'icum,  B.  Per'sicum,  Balsamum 
traumat'icum.  Elixir  traumaticum.  Friar's  Bal- 
sam, Vervain's  Balsam,  Wade's  Drops,  Jesuit's 
drops,  Commander's  Balsam,  Wound  Balsam, 
Balsam  for  cuts.  (Benzoin,  ^iij,  sti/rae.  2J^n'if 
^ij.  Balsam,  tolut.  ^j,  aloes,  in  pulv.  ^:5ss,  alcohoL 
Oij.  Macerate  for  14  days  and  filter.  Stimulant.) 
Used  chiefly  to  wounds  and  ulcers. 

The  basis  of  Turlington's  Balsam  of  Life  is  the 
Compound  Tincture  of  Benzoin.  The  following 
form  is  recommended  by  a  committee  of  the  Phi- 
ladelphia College  of  Pharmae3^:  —  J.Zco/toZ!' Oviij, 
Benzoin,  ^xij,  Styrac.  liquid,  ^i^,  Aloes  Socotrin. 
^j,  Balsam  Peruvian,  ^ij,  IJyrrhm,  ^j,  Had.  An- 
gelic, ^ss.  Balsam,  Tolut.,  Ext.  Glycyrrh.  aa  ^iv. 
Digest  for  10  days,  and  strain. 

The  Essence  of  Coltsfoot  consists  of  equal  parts 
of  the  Compound  Tincture  of  Benzoin  and  Bal- 
sam of  Tolu,  to  which  is  added  double  the  quan- 
tity of  Eectified  Spirit  of  Wine.  It  is  sold  as  a 
pectoral. 

Tinctu'ea  Calum'bje,  T.  Columhm,  T.  Colombo, 
Tincture  of  Columho,  Columbo  Bitters,  {Calumh. 
rad.  eont.  ^iv,  alcohol,  dilut.  Oij.  Macerate  for 
14  days;  e.Kpress,  and  filter.  Ph.  U.  S.)  "  Dose, 
f  ^^ss  to  ,^iv.  It  may,  also,  be  made  by  displace- 
ment. 

Tinctura  Camphorje,  Spiritus  eamphoraa. 

Tinctura  Cam'phor^  Compos'ita,  T.  Opii 
Camphora'ta,  (Ph.  U.  S.,)  Compound  Tincture  of 
Camphor,  Camphorated  Tincture  of  Opium,  Elixir 
Paregor'icum,  Paregor'ic  Elixir.  { Opii,  in  pulv. 
Acid  Benzoic,  aa  ^j,  ol.  anisi,  f^j,  mellis  despu- 
mat.  ^ij,  Camjihor.  ^ij,  alcohol,  dibit.  Oij.  Ma- 
cerate for  14  days,  and  filter  through  paper.  Ph. 
U.  S.)  One  fluidounce  contains  nearly  gr.  ij  of 
opium.     Anodyne.     Dose,  fgj  to  f^iij- 

Squire's  Elixir,  an  empirical  carminative  pre- 
paration, is  thus  made,  according  to  one  formula. 
{Opii  _XiY,  camphor,  ^j,  coccinell.  ^j,  foenicul. 
dulc.  ^ij,  tinct.  serpent^  Oj,  sp).  anisi.  cong.  ij, 
aqucB  Oij,  auri  musivi,  ,^vj.) 

Tinctura  Canthar'idis,  T.  C.  Yesicato'ria:,  r. 
LyttcB,  T.  Ifeloes  vesicato'rii.  Tincture  of  Bliutt  r- 
ing  Flies,  T.  of  Spanish  Fli.es,  (F.)  Teinture  riihe- 
fiante.  {Cantharid.  cont.  ^ij,  alcohol,  dilut.  Oij. 
Macerate  for  14  days;  eipress,  and  filter.  It 
may,  also,  be  prepared  by  displacement.  Ph. 
U.  S.)  Stimulant  and  diuretic,  but  not  often 
used  internally.  Externally,  stimulant.  Dose, 
gtt.  X. 

llattheto'a  Injection,  a  once  celebrated  nostrum 
for  fistula  in  ano,  consi^ed  wholly  of  a  dilute 
Tincture  of  Cantharides. 

Tinctura  Cap'sici,  Tincture  of  Capsicum, 
{Capsic.  ^j,  alcohol,  dil.  Oij.  Macerate  for  14 
days,  and  filter.  It  may,  also,  be  prepared  by 
displacement.)     Stimulant.     Dose,  f^ss  to  ^j- 

Tinctura  Cardamo'mi,  T.  amo'mi  repen'tis, 
Tincture  of  Car'damoms.  {Cardam.  cont.  ^iv, 
alcohol,  dilut.  Oij.  Macerate  for  14  days,  strain, 
and  filter.  It  may,  also,  be  made  by  displace- 
ment.) Use,  the  same  as  the  seeds.  Dose,  f^j 
to  f^iv. 

Solomon's  Balm  of  Gil'ead,  an  empirical  prepa- 
ration, seems  to  be  an  aromatic  tincture. —  of 
which  Cardamoms  form  a  leading  ingredient, — 
made  with  brandy.  Some  affirm  that  it  contains 
cantharides. 

Tinctura  Cardamomi  Compos'ita,  Com^wund 
Tincture  of  Card'amoms,  Stomach  Tincture,  Tinc- 
tura Stomach'ica.  {Cardamom,  cont.  ^vj.  Carui. 
cont.  ^ij,  cinnam.  cont.  ^v,  Urcp  ]oas!iCB  demptis 
acinis,  ^y,  cocci,  cont.  3J>  alcohol,  dilut.  Olus. 


TINCTURA 


859 


TINCTURA 


Macerate  for  14  days ;  express  and  filter.  7"^.  U.  S.) 
Stomachic  and  carminative.     Dose,  f^U  to  f  J^iv. 

TiNCTURA  Carminati'va  Syl'vii,  Alcoola' turn 
Carminati'vum  Sylvh',  Carminative  Elixir  of  Sjl- 
viiiB.  {Bad.  angelic.  4  p.,  rad.  imperator.,  galang. 
aa  6  p., /p?.  rosmarin.,  majoran.,  rutee,  basilic,  aa 
48  p.,  baccar.  laxtr.  nohil.  12  p.  sew.  angelic,  li- 
gvst.  levist.,  anis.  aa  16  p.,  zingib.,  nuc.  7noschat. 
aa  6  p.,  cinnain.  12  p.,  caryoph.,  cort.  Union,  aa  4 
p.  Add  alcohol  1500  p.  Macerate  and  distil, 
1000  p.  Ph.  P.)  A  warm  stomachic,  carmina- 
tive, &C-.     Dose,  ^ss  to  f^ss. 

TiNCTURA  Cascaril'l^e,  T.  Croto'nis  Eleuthe'- 
ricB,  Al'cohol  cum  Croio'ne  Caacarilld,  Tincture 
of  CascariUa.  (Cascarill.  cort.  cont.  §iv,  sp.  ten. 
Oij.     Ph.  L.)     Dose,  fg-j  to  fjiv. 

TiNCTURA  Casto'rei,  T.  Castorei  Ros'sici,  Es- 
sen'tia  Castorei,  Al'cohol  castoria'tum,  T.  Castorei 
Canaden' sis,  Tincture  of  Castor.  (Castor  cont. 
^ij,  alcohol.  Oij.  Macerate  for  7  days,  express, 
and  filter.)  Tonic  and  antispasmodic.  Dose, 
gtt.  XX  to  f^ij?  or  more. 

TiNCTURA  Castorei  Cojipos'ita,  Compovnd 
Tincture  of  Castor.  {Cast,  ^j,  g.  asafoetid.  ^ss, 
alcohol,  ammoniat.  Oj.  Ph.  E.)  Antispasmodic. 
Dose,  fjj  to  f^i^-  Called,  also.  Elixir  fee' tidum, 
Tinctnra  castorei  fatida  sen  fcetida  ammonia'ta. 

TiNCTDRA  Cat'echu,  Tinctura  Japion'ica,  T. 
Mimo'scB  Catechu,  T.  Aca'cim  Catechu,  T'inctnre 
of  Catechu.  {Catech.  ,^iij,  cinnam.  contus.  ^ij, 
alcohol,  dilut.  Oij.  Macerate  for  14  days,  ex- 
press and  filter.     Ph.  U.  S.)     Astringent.     Dose, 

The  Concentrated  Solution  of  Charcoal,  sold  for 
cleaning  the  teeth,  seems  to  be  little  more  than 
the  tincture  of  catechu. 

TiNCTURA  Cicut.e,  T.  conii  maculati. 
Tinctura  Cincho'n.e,  T.  Cor'ticis  Peruvia'ni 
Simpiiex,  T.  Cort.  Peruvia'ni,  Tincture  of  Cincho- 
na, Tincture  of  Bark.  {Cinchon.  flav.  in  pulv. 
§vi,  alcohol,  dilut.  Oij.  Macerate  for  14  days,  ex- 
press, and  filter  through  paper.  It  may,  also,  be 
made  by  displacement.  Ph.  U.  S.)  Dose,  f^j 
to  ^iv  or  more. 

Tinctura  Cincho'NjE  Ama'ra,  Elixir  avtihy- 
pochondri'acum,  E.  rob'orans  Whyt'tii,  E.  Whyt- 
tii,  Essen'tia  Cor'ticis  Peruvia'ni  Composita, 
Tinctu'ra  alcohol'ica  corticum  aurantio'rurn  Whyt- 
tii,  T.  Kinki'ncB  ama'ra.  Elixir  stomach'icus  spi- 
rituo'sus.  {Cinch,  p.  viij,  Gentian.  Bad.,  Cort. 
Aurant.  p.  iij.  Alcohol  (.900)  96  p.  Digest.  Dose, 
one  or  two  teaspooufuls. 

Tinctura  Cinchona  Ammonia'ta,  T.  Cor'ticis 
Peruvia'ni  volat'ilis,  Ammoniated  Tincture  of 
£arh,  Volatile  Tincture  of  Bark.  {Cinchon.  lan- 
cifol.  cort.  cont.  3^^»  ^"  (^i^mon.  aromnt.  Oij. 
Ph.  L.)  In  dyspepsia,  combined  with  acidity  and 
languor. 

Tinctura  CiNCHONis  ^the'rea  Coirpos'iTA, 
T.  KinoB  Kin(B  (Bthe'rea  compos'ita,  Elixir'ium 
Antisep' ticum  Docto'ris  Chaussier,  Chaiissier's 
Antisep'tic  Elixir.  {Cinchon,  officin.  ^ij,  cas- 
carill. §ss,  cinnam.  ^uj,  croci  3^^>  sacch.  alb. 
gxxxviij.  Put  these  bruised  into  a  matrass,  and 
add  vin.  alb.  Hispanic,  vel  vin.  muscat.,  alcohol. 
aa  Oj.  Macerate  for  two  days,  and  add  sulpihuric 
ether  f^iss.  Ph.  P.)  Tonic,  stimulant,  and  an- 
tiseptic.    Dose,  f.fss  to  f^j. 

Tinctura  Cinchona  Compos'ita,  Compound 
Tincture  of  Cinchona  or  Bark,  Huxham's  Tinc- 
ture of  Bark,  T.  Cor'ticis  Peruvia'ni  Composita, 
T.febrif'uga  Docto'ris  Huxha'mi,  Essen'tia  China, 
E.  Cor'ticis  Peruvia'ni  Alexiphar'maca  Huxhami, 
Essen'tia  antisep'tica  Huxhami,  Tinctu'ra  Alexi- 
phar'maca Huxhami,  Tinctu'ra  Alcohol'ica  Chinee 
Compos'ita.  {Cinchon.  rubr.  pulv.  5ij,  aurant. 
cort.  cont.  .^iss,  serpent,  cont.  ^iij,  croci,  santal. 
aa  Zi,  alcohol,  dilut.  f.^xx.  Macerate  for  14  days. 


express,  and  filter.  Ph.  U.  S.)  It  may,  also,  be 
made  by  displacement.  More  grateful  th;in  the 
simple  tincture.     Dose,  f^j  to  f^iij- 

Tinctura  Cinnamo'jii,  Tincture  of  Cinnamon, 
Essen'tia  Cinnamomi,  T.  Lauri  Cinnamomi,  {Cin- 
nam. cont.  ,^iij,  alcohol,  dilut.  Oij.  Macerate  for 
14  days,  express,  and  filter.  Ph.  U.  S.)  It  may, 
also,  be  prepared  by  displacement.  Stomachic 
Dose,  f3J  to  f^ij. 

Tinctura  Cinnamo'mi  Compos'ita,  Compovnd 
Tincture  of  Cinnamon,  Tinctu'ra  Aromat'ica,  Es- 
sen'tia Aromatica,  Alc.odl  cum  Aromat'ibus  Com- 
jjos'itus,  Eau  de  Bonferme  ou  d' Armagnae.  {Cin- 
nam. cont.  3J'  cardam.  cont.  ^ss,  zingib.  cont. 
^iij,  alcohol,  dilut.  Oij.  Macerate  for  14  days, 
express,  and  filter.  Ph.  U.  S.)  It  may,  also,  be 
prepared  by  displacement.  Use,  same  as  the  last. 
Dose,  f,5  to  f  Jiy- 

Tinctura  de  Cochlea'riis,  Alcoola'tum  de 
Cochlea'riis,  A.  antiscorbu'ticiim.  {Fol.  cochlear, 
recent.  2500  p.,  rad.  armoracia,  230  p.,  alcohol. 
(22°  to  32°  Beaume)  3000  p.,  distil  oif_^2000  p. 
Ph.  P.)     Antiscorbutic.     Dose,  fjij  to  ^j. 

Tinctura  Col'chici,  T.  C.  Sem'inis,  {Ph.  U. 
S.),  Tiiicture  of  Colchicum  Seed.  {Culchic.  sem. 
cont.  ^iv,  alcohol,  dilut.  Oij.  Macerate  for  14 
days,  express,  and  filter.  Ph.  U.  S.)  It  may, 
also,  be  prepared  by  displacement.  Dose,  ten  to 
sixty  drops. 

Tinctura  Colchici  Seminis,  T.  eolchici — t.  Co- 
lombse,  T.  Calumba;. 

Tinctura  Coni'i,  T.  C.  I!acula'ti,^T.  Cicu'ta, 
Tincture  of  Hemlock.  {Conii  fol.  giv,  alcohol, 
dil.  Oij.  Macerate  for  14  days,  express,  and  filter. 
Ph.  U.  S.)  It  may  also  be  made  by  displace- 
ment.    Use;  —  the  same  as  that  of  the  leaves. 

Tinctura  Conii  Maculati,  T.  conii  —  t.  Con- 
volvuli  Jalapse,  T.  jalapii  —  t.  Cortic-is  aurantii, 
T.  aurantii  —  t.  Corticis  Peruviani  composita,  T. 
cinchonaj  comp.  —  t.  Corticis  Peruviani  simplex, 
T.  cinchona}  —  t.  Corticis  Peruviani  volatilis,  T. 
cinchonse  ammoniata. 

Tinctura  Croci  Sati'vi,  T.  Croci,  Tincture 
of  Saffron.  {Croci  Angl.  cont.  ^^j,  alcohol.  diluU 
%XY.  Ph.  E.)  Slightly  stomachic  (?).  Dose,f3J 
to  f^iij. 

Tinctura  de  Croco  Compos'ita,  Elixir'ium  dt 
Garvs,  Alcoola'tum  de  Croco  Compos' itum.  Com- 
pound Tincture  of  Saffron,  Elixir  of  Garus, 
{Aloes  Socotr.  320  p.,  myri-h.  64  p.,  ci-oci.  32  p., 
cinnam.,  nuc.  moschat.,  caryojih.  aa,  16  p.  alcohol. 
1000  p.  aq.  fior.  aurant.  5000  p.  Digest  for  two 
days,  Jistil  4000  p.  and  add  syrup  of  capillaire, 
5000  p.  Ph.  P.)  Aromatic,  cordial,  stomachic. 
It  is  also  called  Elixir  cordia'le  et  stomach' icum, 
and  E.  anticol'icum  croga'tu7n. 

Tinctura  Crotonis  Eleutheri^,  T.  casea- 
rillae. 

Tinctura  Cubeb'je,  Tincture  of  Cubehs.  (Cii- 
beb.  cont.  ^^iv,  alcohol,  dilut.  Oij.  Macerate  fox 
14  days,  express,  and  filter.  Ph.  U.  S.)  It  may, 
also,  hB  prepared  by  displacement.  Dose,  one  or 
two  fiuidrachms. 

Tinctura  Digita'lis,  Tincture  of  Digitalis,  T, 
Digitalis  purpu'rea.  {Digital,  ^'i'^,  alcohol,  di- 
lut. Oij.  Macerate  for  14  days,  express,  and  filter.) 
It  may,  also,  be  prepared  by  displacement.  Use, 
same  as  that  of  the  leaves.     Dose,  gtt.  x. 

Tinctura  Febrifuga  Doctohis  Huxhami,  T. 
cinchonse  composita. 

Tinctura  Ferei  Aceta'tis,  Tincture  of  Ace- 
tate of  Iron.  {Potass,  acetat.  ^ij,  sulph.  ferri 
,^j,  sp.  rectif.  Oij.  Eub  the  acetate  and  sulphate 
into  a  soft  mass.  Dry  and  rub  with  the  spirit. 
Digest  for  7  days,  and  pour  ofi".  Ph.D.)  Tonio 
and  astringent.  Dose,  gtt.  xx  to  fgj.  The  Dub- 
lin college  directs  a  Tinctura  Acttatis  Ferri  cnm 
Alcoho'le,  which  differs  from  the  other,  in  having 


TIXCTURA 


860 


TINCTURA 


half    the    quantity,    only,    of    the    Acetate    of 
Potass. 

TiNCTURA  Ferri  Amjionia'ta,  Tincture  of  Am- 
moniated  Iron,  T.  Ferri  Ammoniaca' lis,  T.  Flo- 
rum  mart ia' Hum,  T.  Martis  Hfynsich'ti.  {Ferri 
amnion.  ,^iv,  sp.  ten.  Oj.  Ph.  L.)  Use.  —  same  as 
ihat  of  the  ammoniated  iron.    Dose,  f^ss  to  f^ij- 

TiNCTURA  Ferri  Chloridi,  T.  ferri  muriatis. 

TiNCTURA  Ferri  Muria'tis,  T.  Ferri  chlo'ridi, 
(Ph.  U.  S.),  T.  Ferri  sesqtii-cJdn'ridi,  Liquor 
Ferri  muria'tis.  Tincture  of  Muriate  of  Iron,  T. 
Martis  in  Sinritu  Salis,  T.  31.  cum  Spiritu  Salis, 
T.  Ferri  Muria'ti,  Tincture  of  Steel,  Alcohol  fer- 
ra'tus.  (Ferri  subcarb.  K)ss,  acid,  muriat.  Oj, 
alcohol.  Oiij.  Add  the  acid  to  the  subearbonate 
in  a  glass  vessel,  and  shake  during  three  days. 
Pour  oft"  and  add  the  spirit.  Ph.  U.  S.)  Tonic 
and  styptic.     Dose,  gtt.  x  to  xx. 

Bestuclieff's  Tincture  or  Klaproth's  Tincture  is 
an  ethereal  tincture  of  chloride  of  iron.  It  is 
composed  of  dry  perchloride  of  iron,  one  part; 
Hoffmann's  anodyne  liquor,  seven  parts. 

The  Antivenerecd  Drops,  at  one  time  so  cele- 
brated at  Amsterdam,  were  examined  by  Scheele, 
and  found  to  be  a  tincture  of  chloride  of  iron  and 
corrosive  sublimate. 

TiNCTURA  Ferri  Sesquichloridi,  T.  Ferri 
muriatis  —  t.  Ferulse  Asafcetidas,  T.  Asafoetidse — 
t.  Florum  martialium,  T.  ferri  ammoniata — t.  Foe- 
tida,  T.  asafffitidge  —  t.  Foetida  ammoniata,  T. 
castorei  composita — t.  Fuliginis,  see  Fuligo. 

TiNCTDRA  Gal'bani,  Tincture  of  Galbanum. 
(Galb.  ^ij,  sj}.  tenuior.  Oij.  Ph.  D.)  Stimulant 
and  antispasmodic.     Dose,  f^j  to  f^iij- 

TiNCTURA  Galla'rum,  T.  GcdloB,  (Ph.  U.  S.) 
Tincture  of  Galls.  [Gall,  contus.  §iv,  alcohol, 
dilut.  Oij.  Macerate  for  14  days,  express  and 
filter.  Ph.  U.  S.)  It  may,  also,  be  prepared  by 
displacement.     Astringent.     Dose,  f^j  to  3''J- 

TiNCTURA  Gentia'n^e  Compos'ita,  Compound 
Tincture  of  Gentian,  Tinct.  Ama'ra,  Spirit  Bit- 
ters, Flix'ir  Stomach' icum.  [Gent,  eoncis.  ^^ij, 
aurant.  cart.  '^],  cardam.  cont.  ,^ss,  alcohol,  dilut. 
Oij.  Macerate  for  14  days,  express,  and  filter. 
It  may,  likewise,  be  prepared  by  displacement. 
Ph.  U.  S.)     Tonic  and  stomachic.     Dose,  fgj  to 

f^iij. 

Brodiim's  Nervous  Cordial  consists  of  the  Tnic- 
Utres  of  Gentian,  Columba,  Cardamom,  and  Bark, 
with  the  Compound  Spirit  of  Lavender,  and  Wine 
of  Iron. 

Stouc/hton's  Elixir  is  a  compound  tincture  of 
gentian.  The  Elixir'ium  Docto'ris  Stouc/hton  seu 
Tiiictu'ra  Ama'ra  of  the  Parisian  Codex  is  pre- 
pared as  follows  :  —  Absinth,  summit,  exsiccat., 
Teucri  chamcsdrys.,  Bad.  gentian.,  cort.  aurant. 
aa  ^vj,  eascariUcB  ^j,  rhei  ^ss,  aloes  socotr.  ^), 
alcohol.  Oij.)     Digest. 

TiNCTURA  Guai'aci,  T.  G.  Officina'Us,  Tincture 
of  Guai'acum.  [Guaiac.  ft)ss,  alcohol.  Oij.  Ma- 
cerate for  14  days,  and  filter.)  Stimulant  and 
sudorific.  Used  especially  in  rheumatic  and 
arthritic  cases.  Nearly  the  same  as  Hill's  Fs- 
acnre  of  Bardana  or  Burdock. 

TiNCTURA  Guai'aci  Ammonia'ta,  Ammoniated 
Tincture  of  Guai'acum,  T.  Guaiaci'na  Volat'ilis, 
Elixir  Guai'aci  Volatilis,  Al'cohol  cum  Guai'aeo 
officina'le  ammonia' tus,  Al'cohol  ammonicB  ct  Guai'- 
aci, T.  Guai'aci,  (P.  L.  1788,)  Volatile  Tincture  of 
Guai'acum.  (Gnaic.  pulv.  ^iv,  sp.  ammon.  arom. 
Oiss.  Macerate  for  14  days,  and  filter.)  Proper- 
lies  same  as  the  lasc.    Dose,  f^j  to  f^ij. 

Hatjitld's  Tincture  —  a  nostrum  —  consists  of 
Guaiaciim  and  csuap,  aa  ^ij,  rectified  sjnrit,  Oiss. 

TiNCTURA  Helleb'ori,  T.  H.  Ni(jvi,  Tincture 
of  Black  Hellebore,  T.  Metampo'dii.  [Ilelleb.  ni<jr. 
eont.  5iv,  alcohol,  dilut.  Oij.  Macerate  for  14 
days,  express  and  filter.     It  may  also  be  pre- 


pared by  displacement.  Ph.  U.  S.)  Dose,  f^sa 
to  f.5J. 

TiNCTURA  HiERA,  Vinum  aloes. 

TiNCTURA  Hu'muli,  Tincture  of  Hops.  (Hu- 
muli,  ^v,  alcohol,  dilut.  Oij.)  Tonic  and  sedative. 
Dose,  f^ss  to  f  ,^iij. 

TiNCTURA  Hyoscy'amt,  T.  Hyoscyami  nigri, 
Tincture  of  Henbane.  {Hyoscyam.  fol.  ^iv,  cdco- 
hol.  dilut.  Oij.  Macerate  for  14  days,  express  and 
filter.  It  may  also  be  prepared  by  displacement. 
Ph.  U.  S.)  Narcotic,  anodyne.  Dose,  gtt.  xx 
tof.^ij. 

TiNCTURA  Io'dini,  (Ph.  TJ.  S.,  1842,)  Tinctn'ra 
lodin'ii,  (Ph.  U.  S.,  1851,)  Alcohol  lo'dii,  Tinc- 
ture of  Iodine,  [lodin.  ^j,  alcohol.  Oj.  Dissolve. 
Ph.  U.  S.)  The  tincture  spoils  by  keeping,  or  at 
least,  deposits  the  iodine.  It  has  been  much  used 
in  goitre,  &c.  Dose,  ten  drops  three  times  a  day. 

TiNCTURA  lODINI  COMPOS'lTA,  (Ph.  U.  S.,  1842.) 
Tinctura  lodin'ii  Composita,  (Ph.  U.  S.,  1851,) 
Compound  Tincture  of  Iodine.  [lodin.  ^ss,  Po- 
tass ii  iodid.  ^j.  Alcohol.  Oj.  Dissolve.  Ph.  U. 
S.)     Dose,  id  to  30  drops. 

TiNCTURA  -Jala'pii,  T.  Jcda'pm,  (Ph.  U.  S.,)  T. 
Convol'vuli  Jalapw,  Tincture  of  Jalap,  Vcdi'ga. 
{Jalap,  pulv.  ,^vi,  Alcohol,  dilut.  Oij.  Macerate 
for  14  daj^s,  express,  and  filter.  Ph.  U.  S.)  It 
may  also  be  made  by  displacement.  Cathartic. 
Dose,  f^j  to  f^iv. 

TiNCTURA  Jala'pii  Compos'ita,  Elixir  Ja- 
lap'iB  Compios' itum,  Elixir  purgans',  Essen'tia 
cathol'ica  piurgans  Moth'ii,  Elixir  anthelmin'ti- 
c}im  Sueco'rum,  Eau  de  vie  Allemande.  {Jalap. 
Ibss,  Scamynon.  ^j.  Alcohol.  (22°)  Ovj.  Macerate 
for  eight  days.     Ph.  P.)     Dose,  60  to  100  drops. 

TiNCTURA  Japonica,  Tiiictura  catechu  —  t, 
Kinse  kinse  Eetherea  composita  —  t.  Cinchona3 
iBtherea  composita — t.  Kinkinse  amara,  Tinctura 
cinchonas  amara. 

Tinctura  Kino,  Tincture  of  Kino.  {Kino,  in 
pulv.,  3^j  !  Alcohol,  dilut.  q.  s.  Put  the  kino, 
mixed  with  an  equal  bulk  of  sand,  into  a  perco- 
lator, and  gradually  pour  on  diluted  alcohol 
until  f3viij  of  filtered  liquor  pass.  The  tincture 
should  be  renewed  frequently,  and  kept  in  closely 
stopped  bottles.  Ph.  U.  S.)  Astringent.  Dose, 
f3J  to  fgij. 

Tinctu'ra  Krame'rije,  Tincture  of  Rhatany. 
{Kramer,  in  pulv.  ,^vj,  alcohol,  dilut.  Oij.  Mace- 
rate for  14  days,  express,  and  filter.  Ph.  U.  S.) 
It  may  also  be  prepared  by  displacement.  Dose, 
fgj  to  f^ij. 

Tinctura  Lauri  Cinnamomi,  Tinctura  cinna- 
momi — t.  Lavandula3  composita,  Spiritus  lavand. 
comp. — t.  Lyttaj,  Tinctura  cantharidis — t.  Martis 
Glauberi,  see  Ferrum  tartarizatum  —  t.  Martis  in 
spiritd  salis,  Tinctura  ferri  muriatis  —  t.  Martis, 
Mynsichti,  Tinctura  ferri  ammoniata  —  t.  Martis 
vinosa,  Vinum  ferri  —  t.  Melampodii,  Tinctura 
hellebori  nigri  —  t.  Meloes  vesicatorii,  Tinctura 
cantharidis — t.  Metallorum,  Lilium  Paractlsi — t. 
Mimosas  catechu,  Tinctura  catechu. 

Tinctu'ra  Lobe'li^,  Tincture  of  Lobelia. 
{Lobel.  ^iv,  alcohol,  dilut.  Oij.  Macerate  for  14 
days,  express,  and  filter.  Ph.  U.  S.)  It  may 
also  be  prepared  by  displacement.  Dose,  fjj 
to  f^ij. 

Tinctu'ra  Lupuli'n^,  Tincture  of  Lu'puUne. 
{Lupulin.  gir,  alcohol.  Oij.  Macerate  for  14  days, 
and  filter.     Ph.  U.  S.)     Dose,  f^j  to  f^ij. 

Tinctura  Meloes  Vesicatorii,  Tinctura  can- 
tharidis. 

Tinctura  Moschi,  Tincture  of  Musk,  Esemce 
of  3Ivsk.  {3fosch.  in  pulv.  redact.  3U' *i'*  '■"'"* 
rect.  Oj.)     Dose,  f^j  to  f^iv. 

Tinctura  Myrkh/E,  Tincture  of  3Iyrrli,  Simple 
Tincture  of  3Iyrrh.  {SlyrrTia  contusie  ^\v,  alco- 
hol Oiij.     Macerate  for  14  days,  and  filter.    Ph. 


TINCTURA 


861 


TINCTURA 


U.  S.)  Tonic,  deobstruent,  antiseptic,  and  deter- 
gent. It  is  chiefly  used  in  gargles,  and  applied 
to  foul  ulcers,  spongy  gums,  &e. 

Hudson's  Preservative  for  the  Teeth  and  Gnms 
consists  of  Thict.  myrrh.,  finef.  cineh.,  aq.  cinnani. 
5a  3iij,  eau  d'arqxiebusade,  gj,  pulv.  c/um.  Arab. 
gss.     M. 

TiNCTUEA  Nertixa  Bestucheffii,  Tinctura 
seu  alcohol  sulphurico-asthereus  ferri — t.  Nervina 
Halensis,  Tinctura  seu  alcohol  sulphurico-EBthe- 
reus  ferri — t.  JSTervino-toniea,  Lamotte's,  Alcohol 
seu  tinctura  sulphurico-cethereus  ferri. 

TiNCTUEA  Nucis  Vom'ic^,  Tincture  of  Nux 
Vomica.  [Alcohol,  s.  g.  .837,  f§j  ;  Dry  Extract 
of  Ntix  Vomica,  3  gr.)  Dose,  gtt.  v  to  xsx,  in 
cases  where  the  nux  vomica  is  indicated. 

It  is  directed,  in  the  last  edition  of  the  Ph.  U. 
S.  (1S51),  to  be  prepared  as  follows: — Nucis  vo- 
inicm  rasur.,  ^viij;  alcohol,  Oij.  Macerate  for 
14  days,  express,  and  filter.  It  may  also  be  pre- 
pared by  the  process  of  displacement.  Dose,  gtt. 
V  to  XX. 

Tinctura  Olei  Mentha  Piperi't^,  Tincture 
of  Oil  of  Pejopermint,'  Essence  of  Peppermint. 
{01.  menthce  piperita,  f^ij,  alcohol.  Oj.  Dissolve. 
Ph.  U.  S.)     Dose,  5  drops,  as  a  carminative. 

Tinctura  Olei  Menth.«  Vir'idis,  Tincture  of 
Spearmint,  Essence  of  Spearmint,  is  made  in  the 
S&xae  manner.     Ph.  U.  S. 

Tinctura  Opii,  Tincture  of  Opium,  Liquid 
Lau'dannm,  Theriaca  cceles'tis,  Al'cohol  cum 
Opio,  Tinctura  Theba'ica,  Tinctura  Sedati'va. 
(Opii  pulv.  §ijss,  alcohol,  dilut.  Oij.  Macerate 
for  14  days,  express,  and  filter.  Ph.  U.  S.) 
Nineteen  minims  contain  about  one  grain  of 
opium.  Properties,  those  of  opium.  Dose,  gtt. 
XX  to  Ix  and  more.  By  macerating  the  dregs 
remaining  after  making  the  Tinctura  Opii  in  a 
solution  of  Tartaric  Acid,  a  solution  is  obtained, 
which  is  said  to  be  devoid  of  the  exciting  and 
constipating  properties  of  the  tincture  of  opium. 
Gray  calls  it  Uaden's  Liquor  Opii  Sedati'vus. 

Tinctu'ra  Opii  Aceta'ta,  Ac"etated  Tincture 
of  Opium.  (Opii  ^ij  ;  aeeti,  f§x\j  ;  alcohol.  Oss. 
Rub  the  opium  with  the  vinegar ;  add  the  alco- 
hol, and  having  macerated  for  14  days,  express 
and  filter.  Ph.  U.  S.)  Twenty  drops  are  equi- 
valent to  a  grain  of  opium. 

Tinctura  Opii  Ammonia'ta,  Ammo'winfefZ  Tinc- 
ture of  Opium,  Edinburgh  Paregor'io  Elix'ir. 
(Flor.  benz.,  croci,  aa  Sjij,  ojni  ^ij,  ol  anisi  ^ss, 
alcohol,  ammoniat.  f^xvj.  Digest.  Ph.  E.) 
fjj  contains  one  grain  of  opium.  Used  like  the 
Tinctura  Camphor ca  Composita. 

Tinctura  Opii  Camphorata,  Tinctura  eam- 
phoraB  composita  —  t.  Plumbosa,  Liquor  plumbi 
subacetatis  dilutus. 

Tinctura  Quas'si^,  T.  Quassice  excel'siB, 
Tinctu7-e  of  Quassia.  (Quassice  rasur.  ^ij,  al- 
cohol, dilut.  Oij.  Macerate  for  14  days,  express, 
and  filter.  Ph.  JJ.  S.)  It  may  also  be  prepared 
by  displacement.     Tonic.     Dose,  f^j  to  gij. 

Tinctura  Qui'ni^  Sulpha'tis,  Tincture  of 
Sulphate  of  Qui'nia.  (Sulphate  of  Quinia,  gr.  vj  ; 
alcohol,  (.847)  fgj.  M.)  Dose,  f^j  to  ^iv,  in 
the  day. 

A  Tinctura  OincJio'nicB  Sulpha'tis  may  be  made 
in  a  similar  manner. 

Tinctura  Rhabarbari,  Tinctura  rhei — t.  Rha- 
barbari  composita,  Tinctura  rhei — t.  Rhabarbari 
vinosa,  Vinum  rhei  palmati. 

Tinctura  Rhei,  T.  Bhaharb'ari,  T.  Rhabar- 
\iari  spirituo'sa,  T.  lihnei,  T.  Rhei piolma'ti,  Tine- 
lure  of  Rhubarb.  (Rhei,  contus.  ^iij,  cardam. 
eont.  ,^ss,  alcohol,  dilut.  Oij.  Macerate  for  14 
days,  express,  and  filter.  It  may  also  be  pre- 
pared by  displacement.  Ph.  U.  S.)  Stomachic 
or  purgative;  according  to  the  dose  employed : 


f O-i  *°  3'J'  ^^  ^  stomachic ;  f^iy  to  5J,  as  a  pur- 
gative. 

Tinctura  Rhei  Compos'ita,  T.  Rhabarbari 
composita.  Compound  Tincture  of  Rhubarb.  (Rhet 
rad.  concis.  gij,  glycyrrhiz.  rad.  cont.  .^ss,  zin>- 
gib.  rad.  concis.,  croci  stigmat.  aa  ^i},  aqu^ 
f^xij,  s/>.  te)i.  Oj.  Ph.  L.)  Properties  same  a< 
the  last. 

Tinctura  Rhei  et  Al'oes,  Tincture  of  Rhu 
ba)-b  and  Aloes,  Elixir  sacr}im.  (Rhei  concis 
Zx,  aloes,  pulv.  ^vj,  cardam.  cont.  5ss,  alcohol 
dilut.  Oij.  Macerate  for  14  days,  express,  and 
filter.    Ph.  U.  S.)     Properties  like  the  last. 

Rymer's  Oar'diac  Tincture  consists  of  an  infu- 
sion of  Capsicum,  Camphor,  Cardamom  seeds. 
Rhubarb,  Aloes  and  Castor  in  Proof  Spirit,  with 
a  very  small  quantity  of  Sulphuric  Acid. 

Tinctura  Rhei  et  Gentia'n^e,  Tincture  of 
Rhubarb  with  Oen'tian,  Tinctura  Rhei  Ama'rcu 
(Rhei  cont.  5ij,  gentian,  cont.  ^ss,  alcohol,  dilut. 
Oij.  Macerate  ifor  14  days,  express  and  filter. 
Ph.  U.  S.)  It  may  also  be  prepared  by  displace- 
ment.    Properties  same  as  the  last. 

Tinctura  Rhei  et  SenNjE,  Tincture  of  Rhu- 
barb and  Senna,  Warner's  Gout  Cordial.  (Rhei 
cont.  ^j,  senncB,  ^ij,  coriandr.  cont.,  fcenicuL 
cont.  aa  ^j,  santal.  rasur.  ^\j,  croci  ext.  glycyr- 
rhiz. rad.  a  a  5^8,  uvar.  passar.  aciuis  exemptis, 
Ibss,  alcohol,  dilut.  Oiij.  Macerate  for  14  days ; 
express  and  filter.  Ph.  JJ.  S.)  Dose,  f^ss  to  f5ij. 
Tinctura  Rhcei,  Tinctura  rhei  —  t.  Rhoei 
amara,  Tinctura  rhei  et  gentianae — t.  Sacra,  Vi- 
num aloes. 

Tinctura  Sanguina'ri^,  Tincture  of  Blood- 
root.  (Sanguina.r.  cont.  §iv,  alcohol,  dilut.  Oij. 
Macerate  for  14  days,  express,  and  filter.  Ph.  U. 
S.)  It  may  also  be  prepared  by  displacement. 
Dose,  30  to  60  drops. 

Tinctura  Saponis  Camphorata,  Linimentum 
saponis  —  t.  Saponis  et  opii,  Linimentum  saponis 
et  opii. 

Tinctura  ScilLjE,  Tincture  of  Squill.  (ScillcB 
^^iv,  alcohol,  dilut.  Oij.  Macerate  for  14  days, 
express,  and  filter.  It  may  also  be  made  by  dis- 
placement. Ph.  U.  S.)  Dose,  gtt.  XV  to  Ix. 
Tinctura  Sedativa,  Tinctura  opii. 
Tinctura  SekNjE,  T.  Scnnm  Comj^os'ita,  Elixir 
Salu'tis,  Daffy's  Elixir,  Tincture  of  Seujia.  (Sen- 
ncB  fol.  giij,  carui  sem.  cont.  5''.1'  cordam.  sem. 
cont.  3J'  uvarum  passarum  demptis  acinis,  §iv, 
sp.  ten.  Oij.  Ph.  L.  &  D.)  Stomachic,  carmina- 
tive and  cathartic.     Dose,  f^ij  to  f^j. 

TiNCTUR^B  Sennje  et  Jala'PjE,  Tincture  of 
Senna  and  Jalap.  (Sennm  ,^iij.  jalap,  pulv.  ^j, 
coriandr.  cont.,  carui  cont.,  aa  ,^ss,  cardam.  cont 
^ij,  sacch.  ,^iv,  alcohol,  dilut.  Oiij.  Macerate  for 
14  days,  express,  and  filter.  Ph.  U.  S.)  It  may 
also  be  prepared  by  displacement.  Dose,  fgij 
to  f3J. 

Tinctura  Serpenta'ri^,  T.  S.  Virginia'ncB, 
T.  Aristolochi'cB  Serpentarits,  Tinct-ure  of  Snake- 
root.  (Rad.  serpent.  ^^'J?  alcohol,  dilut.  Oij. 
Macerate  for  14  days,  express,  and  filter.  Ph. 
U.  S.)  It  may  also  be  prepared  by  displacement. 
Tonic.     Dose,  f^ss  to  i^ij. 

Tinctura  Stomachica,  Tinctura  cardamomi 
composita. 

Tinctura  Stramo'nii,  Tincture  of  Stramo'- 
nium.  (Stramon.  sem.  cont.  §iv,  alcohol,  dilut. 
Oij.  Macerate  for  14  days,  express,  and  filter. 
Ph.  U.  S.)  It  may  also  be  prepared  by  dibplaee- 
ment.     Dose,  ten  to  twenty  minims. 

Tinctura  Strych'ni^:.  Tincture  of  Strych'nia. 
(Alcohol,  s.  g.  .837,  Oj,  strychnia  gr.  iij.)  Dose, 
6  drops  to  24.     Properties,  those  of  strychnia. 

Tinctura  seu  Al'cohol  SuLrnu'Rico-iETHK-- 
reus  Fei;ri,  Gutta  vervi'nji.  Liquor  Anod'ymig 
3Iartia,'lis,  Al'cohol  mihe'reus  ferra'tvs,  Naph' iha 


TINCTURE 


862 


TISANE 


YitrioU  Martia'lis,  Solutio  Muriatts  ferrici  mihe'- 
rca,  Spir'iius  sulpliiirico  -  cBthe'reus  martlalis, 
Tinctti' ra  nervi'na  Halen'si^,  T.  Ton'ico-nervi'na 
Ralen'siH,  Tinetura  an'rea,  T.  nervina  Bestuclieffii, 
T.  nermno-ton'ica  [Laniotte's),  T.  cet.he'rea  ferri, 
yEther  Martia'lis,  De  La  Motte'a  Golden  Drops, 
Bestxicheff's  Nervous  Tincture,  Elixir  d'Or  de  M. 
le  General  De  La  Motte.  An  ethereal  solution 
of  muriate  of  iron.  It  is  much  used  in  gout,  hy- 
pochondriasis, &o. 

TiNCTURA  Sdlphuris  Volatilis,  Liquor  fu- 
mans  Boylii  —  t.  Thebaica,  Tinetura  opii,  Vinum 
opii. 

Ti??CTURA  Toltjif'er^  Bal'sami,  Tincture  of 
Balsam  of  Tolu,  T.  Bal'sami  Toluta'ni,  T.  Tolu- 
ta'ni,  (Ph.  U.  S.,  1842.)^  T.  Toluta'na,  Ph.  U.  S., 
1851),  (Bals.  Tolutan.  "^vi],  alcohol  Oij.)  Repu- 
ted to  be  expectorant  and  corroborant.  Dose, 
f^ss  to  f^j,  or  more. 

TiNCTURA  ToNicA  Nervina  Halensis,  AIco- 
hol  (seu  Tinetura)  sulphurico-asthereus  ferri. 

TiNCTURA  Valeria'n.g,  Tincture  of  Valerian. 
(  Valerian,  cont.  ,^iv,  alcohol,  dibit.  Oij.  Mace- 
rate for  14  days,  express,  and  strain.  It  may 
also  be  prepared  by  displacement.  Ph.  U.  S.) 
Stimulant  and  antispasmodic.    Dose,  f^ss  to  ^ij. 

TiNCTURA  Valeriana  Ammonia'ta,  Ammo'ni- 
ated  or  Volatile  Tincture  of  Valerian,  T.  Valeri- 
anm  Volat'ilis.  (  ValeriancB  cont.  ,^iv,  sp.  amnion. 
arom.  Oij.  Macerate  for  14  days,  express,  and 
filter.  It  may  also  be  made  by  displacement. 
Ph.  U.  S.)     Like  the  former.     Dose,  f^ss  to  f^ij. 

TiNCTURA  Vera'tri,  T.  Veratri  albi,  Tincture 
of  White  Hellebore.  (Bad.  veratri  alb.  cont. 
3viij,  alcohol,  dilut.  Oijss.  Ph.  E.)  Emetic  and 
cathartic;  but  not  very  manageable.  Dose,  gtt. 
V  to  s. 

TiNCTURA  Zingib'eris,  T.  Amo'mi  Zingiberis, 
Tincture  of  Ginger.  [Zingib.  cont.  ^viij,  cdcohol. 
Oij.  Macerate  for  14  days,  express,  and  filter. 
It  may  also  be  made  by  displacement.  Ph.  U.  S.) 
Stimulant  and  carminative.     Dose,  f^ss  to  f  5- 

TINCTURE  OF  ACETATE  OP  IRON,  Tine- 
tura ferri  a^etatis — t.  of  Aconite,  Tinetura  aeoniti 

—  t.  of  Aconite  root,  Tinetura  aeoniti  radieis  —  t. 
of  Balsam  of  Tolu,  Tinetura  toluiferte  balsami  — 
t.  of  Bark,  Tinetura  cinchonsie  —  t.  of  Bark,  am- 
moniated,  Tinetura  einchonte  ammoniata  —  t.  of 
Bark,  compound,  Tinetura  cinchonas  eomposita 
— t.  of  Bark,  Huxham's,  Tinetura  cinchonse  eom- 
posita—  t.  of  Bark,  volatile,  Tinetura  cinchonae 
ammoniata — t.  of  Belladonna,  Tinetura  belladon- 
nse — t.  Bestucheff's,  see  Tinetura  ferri  muriatis — 
t.  of  Blistering  Fly,  Tinetura  cantharidis  —  t. 
Cardiac,  Rymer's,  Tinetura  rhei  et  aloes  —  t.  of 
Colchicum  seeds,  Tinetura  colehici  —  t.  of  Co- 
lombo, Tinetura  Calumbae  —  t.  of  Cubebs,  Tine- 
tura eubebo3 — t.  of  Galls,  Tinetura  gallarum — t. 
of  Ginger,  Tinetura  zingiberis  —  t.  for  the  Gout, 
Dr.  Wilson's,  see  Colchicum  aatumnale  —  t.  Hat- 
field's, see  Tinetura  guaiaci  ammoniata — t.  of 
Hellebore,  white,  Tinetura  veratri  —  t.  of  Hem- 
lock, Tinetura  eonii  maeulati  —  t.  of  Henbane, 
Tinetura  hyoseyami  —  t.  of  Hops,  Tinetura  hu- 
muli  —  t.  of  Iodine,  compound,  Tinetura  iodini 
eomposita — t.  of  Iron,  ammoniated,  Tinetura  ferri 
ammoniata — t.  of  Iron,  muriated,  Tinetura  ferri 
muriatis — t.  Klafroth's,  see  Tinetura  ferri  muria- 
tis—  t.  of  Lobelia,  Tinetura  lobelite  —  t.  of  Lud- 
■ffig,  see  Ferrum  tartarizatum  —  t.  of  Lupuline, 
Tinetura  lupuline  —  t.  of  Musk,  Tinetura  moschi 

—  t.  Nervous,  Bestucheff's,  Tinetura  seu  alcohol 
bulphurieo-fethercus  ferri  —  t.  of  Oil  of  Pepper- 
mint, Tinetura  Olei  menthaj  piperita}  —  t.  of  Oil 
of  Spearmint,  Tinetura  olei  menthte  viridis  —  t. 
of  Opium,  acetated,  Tinetura  opii  acetata  —  t.  of 
Orange-peel,  Tinetura  aurantii  —  t.  of  Rhatany, 
Tinetura  kramerite' — t.    of    Rhubarb,   Tinetura 


rhei  —  t.  of  Rhubarb  and  aloes,  Tinetura  rhei  et 
aloes  —  t.  of  Pthubarb  and  gentian,  Tinetura  rhei 
et  gentian83 — t.  of  Rhubarb  and  senna,  Tinetura 
rhei  et  sennas — t.  of  Saffron,  Tinetura  croci  —  t. 
of  Saffron,  compound,  Tinetura  de  croeo  eompo- 
sita—  t.  of  Senna  and  jalap,  Tinetura  sennse  et 
jalapse — t.  of  Snakeroot,  Tinetura  serpentariae  — 
t.  of  Soap,  camphorated,  Linimentum  saponis — t. 
of  Spanish  Fly,  Tinetura  cantharidis — t.  of  Squill, 
Tinetura  scillee  —  t.  of  Steel,  Tinetura  ferri  ehlo- 
ridi — t.  Stomach,  Tinetura  eardamomi  eomposita 
—  t.  of  Stramonium,  Tinetura  stramonii  —  t.  for 
the  Teeth,  Greenough's,  see  Spiritus  armoraciae 
eompositus  —  t.  Toothach,  Tinetura  antiodontal- 
gica  —  t.  of  Wormwood,  compound,  Tinetura  ab- 
sinthii  eomposita. 

TINDER,  Boletus  igniarius. 

TINEA,  Porrigo — t.  Faciei,  Porrigo  larvalis  — 
t.  Favosa,  Porrigo  favosa  —  t.  Ficosa,  Porrigo 
scutulata  —  t.  Furfuracea,  Porrigo  furfurans  —  t. 
Granulata,  Porrigo  scutulata,  Porrigo  lupinosa — • 
t.  Laetea,  Porrigo  larvalis  —  t.  Lupina,  Porrigo 
lupinosa — t.  Mucosa,  Porrigo  lupinosa — t.  Porri- 
ginosa,  Porrigo  furfurans — t.  Tondens,  Porrigo 
decalvans. 

TINKER'S  WEED,  Triostenm. 

TINKLING,    METALLIC,    Tintement  mStaU 

TINNIMENTUM  METALLICUM,  Tintement 
metallique. 

TINNI'TUS  AU'RIUM,  Fluctua'tio  seu  Son'- 
itus  au'rium,  Paracu'sis  imagina'ria,  Susur'rua 
au'rinm,  Ote'chus,  Syrig'mus,  Syring'mos,  Sib'- 
ilus  aurium,  S.  clango'sus.  Strep' itus  seu  Sihilis'- 
miis  aiirium,  Echoa,  Eneche'ma,  Bombus,  Murmur, 
'ringing  of  the  ears,'  from  tinnire,  'to  ring.' 
(F.)  Tintement,  Tintouin,  Bourdonnement,  Bruisse- 
ment.  An  imaginary  sound,  like  the  ringing  of  a 
bell,  the  noise  of  wind,  the  murmur  of  water,  <fce., 
heard  in  health  and  in  sickness.  It  is,  often,  an 
accompaniment  of  cerebral  disorder. 

TINTEMENT,  Tinnitus  SMxhim  —  t.  Bidlaire, 
T.  metallique.  ^ 

TINTE3IENT  3IETALLIQUE  (¥.),  Tinte- 
ment  bullaire,  Tinnimen'tum  metal'lieum,  Canor 
stethoscop'icus,  Metallic  Respiration,  Metallic 
Voice,  Metallic  Tinlding.  A  particular  noise, 
heard  by  the  stethoscope  when  applied  to  the 
chest,  and  which,  according  to  Laennec,  resem- 
bles that  caused  by  striking  glass,  metal,  or 
porcelain,  with  a  pin ;  but  is,  perhaps,  more  like 
the  sound  of  the  keys  of  a  musical  snuff-box. 
The  tintement  metallique  or  metallic  tingling  is 
heard  on  causing  the  patient  to  speak  or  breathe; 
but  is  more  distinct  when  he  coughs.  When  the 
phenomenon  is  not  so  strongly  marked,  it  pro- 
duces only  the  metallic  resonance.  The  'metallic 
tinkling,'  is  a  pathognomonic  symptom  of  a  com- 
munication between  the  bronchia  and  cavity  of 
the  chest;  in  other  words,  of  Pneumothorax. 

TINTINNABULUM,  Uvula. 

TINTOUIN,  Tinnitus  aurium. 

TIPSARIA,  Decoctum  hordci. 

TIBE-BALLE,  Forceps  (bullet.) 

TIRE-FOND,  (F.)  A  surgical  instrument, 
formerly  used  to  elevate  the  piece  of  bone  sawed 
off  bv  the  trephine. 

TIRE-PUS,  Pyulcon. 

TIRE-T&TE,  (F.)  A  name  given  to  different 
instruments  used  for  extracting  (he  head  of  the 
child  when  left  in  the  uterus,  and  in  certain  cases 
of  difficult  labour.  The  crotchet  is  one  of  those, 
as  well  as  the  Tire-tete  a,  baactdc  of  Levret,  Ac. 

TIRES.  Milk  sickness. 

TISANE,  Pti'sana  or  Ptis'aann,  Ptisane,  from 
-Tiaavt],  'pearl  barley,'  itself  from  -rtucu),  'I  de- 
corticate.' A  name  given  to  aqueous  medicines, 
containing  but  little,   if  any,   medicinal   agenu 


TISANE 


8B3 


TOME 


The  ancifents  gave  the  name  particularly  to  the 
decoction  of  barley. 

TISANE  COMMUNE,  Decoctum  hordei. 

TISIC,  Phthisis. 

TISICAL,  Phthisicus. 

TISSU,  Tissue  —  *.  Accidental,  see  Accidental, 
and  Tissue,  accidental — t.  Caverneux,  Cavernous 
texture  —  t.  Celluleux  des  os,  Cancelli  —  t.  Inodu- 
laire,  Tissue,  inodular — t.  Lardaee,  see  Larda- 
eeous  —  t.  Spongoide,  Spongoid  tissue. 

TISSUE,  Textus,  Tela,  (F.)  Tissu.  By  this 
term,  in  anatomy,  is  meant  the  various  parts, 
which,  by  their  union,  form  the  organs;  and  are, 
as  it  were,  their  anatomical  elements.  Histological 
anatomy  is  the  anatomy  of  the  tissues,  which  are 
the  seat  of  the  investigations  of  the  pathological 
anatomist.  The  best  division,  indeed,  of  diseases 
would  be  according  to  the  tissues  mainly  impli- 
cated. For  the  elementary  tissues,  see  Fibre. 
The  compound  tissues,  which,  by  associating  or 
combining  variously,  form  every  organ  of  the 
body,  have  been  variously  classed :  but  every 
division  is  imperfect  and  liable  to  objection. 
The  following,  by  Messrs.  Todd  and  Bowman,  is 
one  of  the  most  recent. 

Tabdlar  View  of  the  Tissues  of  the  Human  Body. 

Examples. 
1  Posterior   layer  of 

1.  Simple  membrane,  homosene-  I    tlie  cornea.— Cap- 

ous,  or  nearly  so,  employed  J-  siile  of  the  lens. — 
alone,  or  in  the  formation  of  I  Sarcolemina  of 
compound  meinbianes.  J    muscle,  &c. 

2.  Filamentous  Tissues,  the  ele-  i  While   and  yellow 

iiients  of  which  are  real  or  V  fibrous  tissues. — 
apparent  filaments.  S    Areolar  tissue. 

3.  Compound    membranes,    com--!  Mucous  membrane 

posed ofsimplemembraneand      g|^j|^ True  or 

a  layer  of  cells  of  various'  secreting  plands 
for>ns.  (epithelium  or  ep.der-  (  _q^.^^^,^  ^nd  syn- 
mis  )  or  of  areolar  tissue  and  ^y.^,  „,e,t.branes. 
epitneli.utn.  J 

4.  Tissues  which  retain  the  pri-)  Adipose     tissue. — 

mitive  areolar  structure  as).  Cartilage.  —  Gray 
their  permanent  character. 

5.  Sclerous  or  hard  tissue. 

6.  Compound  tissues. 

a.  Composed  of  tubes  of  homose- 

neous  membrane,  containing 
a  peculiar  substance.  ) 

b.  Composed  of  white  fibrous  tis-  )  pibro-cartilage. 

sues  and  cartilage.  J  " 

Tissue,  Accidental  or  Adventitious,  consists 
of  every  substance  —  foreign  to  the  primitive  or- 
ganization of  the  economy,  but  yet  organized 
and  living  —  which  may  be  developed  in  the 
anterior  or  at  the  surface  of  organs.  Laen- 
nec  divides  the  accidental  issues  into  two  sec- 
tions :  1.  Those  that  resemble  others  in  the  ani- 
mal economy,  or  analogous  accidental  tissues ; 
and,  2.  Those  that  have  nothing  analogous  in  the 
body,  and  which  are  always  the  result  of  a  mor- 
bid process  —  the  heterologous  or  heteroclite  acci- 
dental tissues.  To  the  first  class  belong,  ossifica- 
tions; accidental  fibrous,  fibro-cartilaginous,  carti- 
laginous, areolar,  and  corneous  tissues;  hairs;  the 
serous  membranes  of  certain  encysted  tumours ; 
the  mucous  membranes  of  fistulous  canals,  and 
accidental  synovial  membranes.  To  the  second 
belong  tubercles,  scirrhi,  melanosis,  &c. 

Tissue,  Areolar,  Cellular  tissue. 

Tissue,  Cartilag"inous,  Hymenochondro'des 
ECU  HymenochondroV des  {Textura  seu  Tela.) 

Tissue,  Cribriform,  Cellular  tissue  —  t.  Fi- 
brous, see  Fibrous  —  t.  Filamentous,  Cellular 
tissue. . 

Tissue,  Inod'ular,  Tela  inodula'ris,  (F.)  Ino- 
ditle,  Tissu  inodulaire.  A  name  given  by  Del- 
pech  to  an  accidental  fibrous  tissue  developed  in 
Buppurating  wounds,  which  is  the  principal  agent 
in  cicatrization.  It  has,  at  first,  the  appearance 
of  a  reddish  cellulo-fibrous  layer ;  but  soon  loses 


I   nervous  matter. 
Bone.  —  Teeth. 


>  Muscle.  —  Nerve. 


its  vascularity;  and  its  fibres,  which  pass  in  all 
directions,  become  of  a  dull  white  colour,  and  of 
a  consistence  and  hardness,  that  may  be  com- 
pared to  those  of  the  strongest  articular  liga- 
ments. It  is  well  seen  in  the  cicatrix  left  after 
burns. 

Tissue,  Laminated,  Cellular  tissue  —  t.  Liga- 
mentous,  Desmoid  tissue  —  t.   Mucous,  Cellular 
tissue  —  t.   Porous,    Cellular   tissue  —  t.   Reticu- 
la.ted.  Cellular  tissue. 
TIT,  Nipple. 
TITHENE,  Nurse. 

TITHYMALUS  CYPARISSA,  Euphorbia  cy- 
parissias  —  t.  Lathyris,  Euphorbia  lathyris  —  t. 
Latifolius,  Euphorbia  lathyris  —  t.  Palustris,  Eu- 
phorbia palustris  —  t.  Paralias,  Euphorbia  para- 
lias. 

TITILLAMENTITM,  Gargarism. 
TITILLATION,  Ticlding. 
TITTHE,  Nipple. 
TITTHION.  Nipple. 
TITTHIS,  Nipple. 
TITTIIOS,  Mamma,  Nipple. 
TITUBANTIA,  Ih-edouillcment. 
TITUBATIO,  Fidgets,  Vacillatio. 
TO-AND-FRO-SOtlND,  Bruit  de  froftemeni. 
TOAD-FLAX,  Antirhinum  linaria  —  t.  f.  Bas- 
tard, Comandra  umbellata. 

TOAST-WATER,  Acjva  tostm  panis.  Toast 
well  half  a  slice  of  a  stale  quartern  loaf;  put  it 
into  a  pitcher,  and  pour  over  it  a  quart  of  water. 
After  two  hours,  decant  the  water  from  the  bread. 
It  is  a  common  drink  in  febrile  aifections. 

TOBACCO,  Nicotiana  tabacum — t.  English, 
Nicotiana  rustica  —  t.  Indian,  Lobelia  inflata  — 
t.  Poison,  Ilyoscyamus  niger  —  t.  Wild,  Lobelia 
inflata. 

TOCETOS,  Parturition. 

TOCODOMYCODORITISMALIGJS''A  VAGI- 
NA LIS,  Colpocace  puerperarum. 
TOCOLOGY,  Obstetrics. 
TOCOS,  Parturition. 
TODDY  TREE,  Mamei. 
TOE,  Digitus  pedis. 
TOEPLITZ,  see  Toplitz. 
TOFUS,  Tophus. 

TOILE  D'ARAIGNEE,  Ar.anese  tela—*. 
Choro'idienne,  see  Choroid  —  t.  de  Gaultier,  Spa- 
radrapum  Galteri. 
TOKAS,  Puerpera. 
TOKOLOGY,  Obstetrics. 
TOLA,  Tonsil. 

TOL'ERANCB,  Toleran'tia;  fvovo.  tolerare,  'to 
bear.'     The  power  of  bearing.     A  word  used  by 
the  Italian  school  of  Rasori,  to  signify  the  power 
of  bearing  large  doses  of  certain  potent  remedies, 
as  tartrate  of  antimony  and  potassa.     See  Con- 
tro-stimulus. 
TOLES,  Tonsil. 
TOLIUM,  Tonsil. 
TOLLES,  Tonsil. 
TOLLUM,  Tonsil. 

TOLUIF'ERA  BAL'SAMUM,  Myrox'ylon  To- 
luif'erum.  Family,  Terebinthacea;.  Sex.  Syst, 
Decandria  lyionogynia.  The  name  of  the  tree 
which  affords  the  Balsam  of  Tohi,  Balsamum 
Toluta'num,  Toluta'nvm,  ToJuiferm  Balsami  Bal- 
samum, Goac'onaz,  lied  Balsam  of  Peru,'  (F.) 
Batune  de  Tolu,  B.  de  Carthagene.  It  has  a 
very  fragrant  odour,  and  warm,  sweetish  taste; 
is  thick,  and  of  a  reddish-yellow  colour.  It  is 
stimulant  and  expectorant,  (?)  and  is  used  in 
coughs.  It  is  chiefly,  however,  employed  on  ac- 
count of  its  flavour. 

TOLUTANUM,  see  Toluifera'balsamuuj. 
TOMATA,  Solanum  lycopersicum. 
TOME,  yoHi'ifs,  ro/i)?,'ro/.(of, 'incision.'     A  com- 
mon suffix,  as  in  Lilho/om?/,  Broncbofomy,  k% 


TOMEION 


S64 


TOOTH 


Tome,  Cut,  Incision. 
TOMEION.  Knife. 

TOMEN'TUM  CER'EBRT,  from  tomevtum,  'a 
flock  of  wool.'    The  infinite  number  of  small  ves- 
sels which  pass  between  the  pia  mater  and  con- 
volutions of  the  brain.    They  enter  the  substance 
of  the  brain  at  right  angles. 
TOMEIIS,  Knife. 
TOAIIS,  Scissors. 
TOMOTOCIA,  Caesarean  section. 
TONE,    Tonus,   from  ravw,  'I  stretch.'      The 
state  of  tension  or  firmness  proper  to  each  organic 
tissue.     It  is  the  efi'ect  of  tonicity. 
Tone,  Elasticity. 
TONGA,  see  Datura  sanguinea. 
TONGRES,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.     The 
town  of  Tonp-es  is  about  a  league  from   Maes- 
tricht  in  the  Low   Countries.     The  springs,  of 
which  there  are  several,  are  chalybeate,  contain- 
ing carbonates  of  iron  and  magnesia. 

TONGUE,  Sax.  cun5,  (D.)  Tong,  Lingua, 
Glossa,  Glotta,  (P.)  Langue.  The  tongue  is  a 
muscular,  symmetrical,  and  very  mobile  organ ; 
situate  in  the  mouth,  from  the  os  hyoides  and 
epiglottis  to  the  incisor  teeth.  Its  particular 
use  is,  to  procure  the  sensation  of  savours ; 
and  it  aids  in  the  acts  of  sucking,  mastication, 
deglutition,  pronunciation,  and  expuition.  It 
has  the  shape  of  a  pyramid,  flattened  above  and 
below;  rounded  at  its  angles,  and  terminated, 
anteriorly,  by  a  blunt  point.  Its  upper  surface, 
called  the  dorsum,  is  free,  flat,  and  divided  into 
two  portions  by  a  median  furrow,  lin'ea  media' na; 
at  the  posterior  extremity  of  which  is  the  fora- 
men ccBCum  or  Fora'men  of  Morgagui.  The  infe- 
rior surface  is  free,  and  covered  by  the  mucous 
membrane  on  its  anterior  third  and  sides :  but 
behind  and  in  the  middle  it  is  attached  to  the 
lower  jaw  by  means  of  the  genio-glossus  ;  and  to 
the  hyoides  by  the  hyoglossus.  Its.  margins  are 
rounded;  thick  behind,  thinner  anteriorly.  Its 
tip,  or  23oint,  or  dental  extremity  is  rounded  and 
free:  —  the  root,  base,  or  hyoid  extreimity,  Badix 
.  lingum,  is  continuous  with  the  epiglottis  and  ve- 
lum palati.  It  is  very  thick  at  the  foramen  cffi- 
cum;  but  thinner  as  it  approaches  the  hyoid 
bone.  The  tongue  is  composed  of  muscles,  and 
covered  by  a  mucous  membrane  —  Periglot'tis, 
[nvolu'crum  Ungues,  Membra''i\a  seu  Tu'nica  va- 
ginalis seu  Cutis  seu  Ep)ider'mis  seu  Tunica  seu 
[nvolu'crum  muco'sum  seu  Crustu  villo'sa  lingua 
—  which  forms  also  the  frssnum  beneath  the 
tongue.  On  this  membrane  are  seen  the  different 
jmpiUcB.  The  nerves  of  the  organ  proceed  from 
the  inferior  maxillary,  glosso-pharyngeal  and  hy- 
2}oglossal.  The  first  and  second  are  connected 
v/ith  taste;  the  last  with  the  motions  of  the 
organ.  Some  recent  observers,  however,  con- 
sider the  glosso-pharyngeal  to  be  the  special 
nerve  of  gustation.  The  arteries  are  the  lingual, 
from  the  external  carotid;  and  the  palatine  and 
tonsillar,  from  the  labial.  The  veins  are  the 
siLpierflcialis  lingnce,  ranina,  lingualis,  and  suh- 
vientalis.  They  open  into  those  of  the  pharynx 
and  larynx.  Its  lymphatic  vessels  pass  into  gan- 
glia, situate  at  the  edge  of  the  hyoglossi  muscles. 
Tongue,  Black.  A  fever  which  prevailed  in 
me  western  States  in  the  winter  of  1842-3 ;  pro- 
bably typhoid  fever.  According  to  some,  an 
epidemic  erysipelas. 

TossuB,  IIetinia  cf  the,  Glossocele  —  t.  In- 
flammation of  the.  Glossitis  —  t.  Red,  fever,  see 
Typhus  —  t.  Scraper,  Cure-langue  —  t.  Tie,  see 
Ankyloglossum. 

TON'IC,  Ton'icua.  Same  etymon  as  Tone. 
Itelating  to  tone. 

Tonic,  Ton'icus,  Tono'iicue,  AntanfJien'icus,  CF.) 
Tonique,  Fortifiant,  in   Therapeutics,  means  a 


medicine,  which  has  the  power  of  exciting  slovrly, 
and  by  insensible  degrees,  the  organic  actions  of 
the  different  systems  of  the  animal  economy,  and 
of  augmenting  their  strength  in  a  durable  man- 
ner. Bitter,  vegetable  substances  which  are  not 
associated  with  an  acrid  or  narcotic  principle ; 
preparations  of  iron  ;  cold  water,  <fcc.,  act  as 
tonics.  They  are  also  called  Comfurtan'tia,  Con- 
fortati'va,  C'orroboran'tia,  Gonfirman'tia,  lioho- 
ran'tia,  &c. 

The  following  are  the  chief  Tonics:  —  Acidum 
Arseniosum,  Acidum  Nitricum,  Acidum  Sulphu- 
ricum,  Argenti  Nitras,  Bismuthi  Subnitras,  Carbo 
Ligni,  Cascarilla,  Cinchona,  Cinohonia,  Colomba, 
Cornus  Florida,  Cupri  Acetas,  Cupri  Sulphas, 
Cuprum  ammoniatum,  Cusparia,  Eupatorium  per- 
foliatum,  Fcrri  Prseparata,  Gentiana,  Lirioden- 
dron,  Lupulina,  Piperina,  Prunus  Virginiana, 
Quassia,  Quinia,  Salix,  Salicina,  Serpentaria,  Zinci 
praeparata;  Aqua3  minerales  acidulas  et  ferrugi- 
nise.  Mental  Tonics,  (Confidence,  Hope,  Amuse- 
ment.) 

Tonic  Power,  Irritability. 

Tonic  Spasm,  Spasmus  ton'icus,  Convul'sio  to- 
nica,  Oonductio,  Spas'ticus,  Tonos,  Ento'nia,  En'- 
tasis,  Enta'sia.  A  rigid  contraction  of  muscles 
without  relaxation,  as  in  trismus,  tetanus,  &c. 
See  Tetanus  and  Spftsm. 

TONICITY,  Tonic"itas.  The  faculty  that 
determines  the  general  tone  of  the  solids.  Ex- 
cessive tonicity  causes  er'ethism  or  crisjmess ;  de- 
ficient tonicity,  atony  or  weakness.  Tonicity  has 
been  used  in  the  same  sense  as  irritability, 

TONIQUE,  Tonic. 

TONOS,  Tonic  spasm— t.  Trismus,  Trismus. 

TONOTICUS,  Tonic. 

TONSIL,  Tonsil'la,  Amyg'dala,  ParistJi'mia, 
Paristh'mium,  Amphibran'chium,  Glan'dida  colli, 
Tola,  Tolles,  Tales,  To'liuyn,  Tollum,  <S)jo)?jfos,  An'- 
tias,  PI.  Anti'ades,  Almond  of  the  ear,  Almond  of 
the  throat,  (F.)  Amygdale,  Tonsille.  An  ovoid  col- 
lection of  follicles,  about  half  an  inch  in  length, 
similar  in  shape  to  an  almond,  and  situate,  on  each 
side,  between  the  pillars  of  the  velum  palati.  The 
inner  surface,  projecting  into  the  isthmus  of  the 
throat,  is  covered  by  the  mucous  membrane,  in 
which  are  the  orifices  of  a  dozen  cells,  whence  a 
transparent,  viscid  mucus  oozes  on  pressure.  This 
mucus  is  destined  to  facilitate  deglutition,  by 
lubricating  the  isthmus  faucium ;  and  is  forced 
out  during  the  passaR'e  of  the  alimentary  bolus. 

TONSILLE  PESTILENTES,  Cynanche  ma- 

""tONSILLARUM  GANGR^NA,  Cynanche 
maligna. 

TONSILLE,  Tonsil. 

TONSILLIT'IC,  Tonsillit'icus.  Belonging  or 
relating  to  the  tonsils  ;  as  the  'tonsillitic  branches 
of  the  glosso-pharyngeal  nerve.' 

TONSILLITIS,  Cynanche  tonsillaris. 

TONSORIUS  CULTER,  Razor. 

TOOTH,  Sax.  to«,  Dens,  Odons,  (F.)  Pent. 
The  teeth,  Dentes,  Mord'ices,  are  small,  hard 
bones,  fixed  in  the  alveoli  of  each  jaw,  and  serv- 
ing to  lay  hold  of,  and  to  cut,  tear,  and  triturate 
alimentary  substances.  True  teeth  are  found 
onlj'^  in  man,  the  mammalia,  reptiles,  and  fisla, 
The  teeth  have,  in  general,  the  shape  of  an  irre 
gular  cone,  the  base  of  which  is  towards  the  in 
torior  of  the  mouth  ;  and  the  apex,  single  o) 
divided,  towards  the  bottom  of  the  alveoli.  Eact 
tooth  has  a  part  situate  out  of  the  alveolus,  and 
covered  by  a  vitriforni  substance.  This  part  is 
called  the  crown  or  coro'na.  It  is  bounded  by  a 
narrower  portion,  called  the  cervix,  (F.)  colUt, 
which  separates  it  from  the  portion  in  the  alveo- 
lus— the/a».i5f  or  root,  (F.)  racine.  In  the  adult, 
the  teeth  are  32  in  number;  16  to  each  jaw: 


TOOTH-ACH 


865 


TORTICOLLIS 


these  consist  of  4  incisors,  2  canine,  4  hicnspidati, 
and  6  molares.  (See  these  various  terms.)  The 
t«eth  enclose  a  vascular  and  nervous  pulp,  in  a 
central  cavity,  Cav'itas  Pxdpa,  Cavum  Dentis, 
Antrum  denta'le.  They  are  formed  of  a  very 
hard,  compact  tissue ;  and  the  corona  is  covered 
by  a  vitreous  substance  called  Enam'el.  The 
incisor  and  canine  teeth  are  developed  by  a 
single  point  of  ossification  ;  the  lesser  molares,  by 
two  J  and  the  larger,  by  four  or  five.  See  Denti- 
tion. Researches  b}'  Ketzius,  Miiller  and  others, 
have  led  them  to  believe  that  the  ivory  of  the 
tooth  or  Dentine,  Snhstan'tia  os'sea  of  Malpighi, 
■proper  tooth  substance,  hone  of  the  tooth,  osseous 
substance  of  tooth,  tooth  bone,  consists  of  tubular 
fibres,  which  contain  organic  deposits  of  calca- 
reous salts ;  and  of  intertubular  substance,  in 
which  are  observed  corpuscles  or  osseous  cells  of 
the  tooth,  called  by  Professor  Owen  calcic/" erons 
cells,  which  also  contain  earthj'  salts.  At  the 
part  where  the  enamel  terminates  at  the  cervix 
of  the  tooth,  the  cnista  petro'sa,  cemen'tum  or 
cortical  substance,  commences  in  an  extremely 
thin  stratum,  passes  down  and  gradually  in- 
creases in  thickness  towards  the  extremity  of  the 
root,  where  it  is  generally  the  thickest.  It  is 
said  by  Nasmyth  to  have  been  traced  on  the  ena- 
mel, and  Purkiuje  and  Frankel  thought  that  it 
lined  the  cavitas  pulpa?.  They  gave  it  the  name 
Substantia  osto'idea.  It  is  the  mate'ria  tarta'rea 
of  Malpighi.  It  has  been  found,  however,  that 
the  hard  substance  deposited  on  the  inner  sur- 
face of  the  dentine,  at  the  age  of  twenty  years  or 
later,  and  which  encroaches  on  the  cavity,  has  a 
distinct  structure  from  the  cement,  and  resembles 
in  part  dentine,  and  in  part  bone.  It  is  the  horny 
substance  of  Blumenbach,  the  osteodentine  of 
Owen,  and  the  secondary  dentine  of  Tomes.  In 
the  compound  teeth  of  the  herbivorous  animal,  a 
deposition  is  found  on  the  surface  of  the  enamel, 
which  has  been  called  cementum.  Miiller,  how- 
ever, regards  it  to  be  a  deposit  from  the  salts  and 
the  saliva,  and  to  be  essentially  the  same  as  what 
is  called  tartar  in  the  human  subject. 

TOOTH-ACH,  Odontalgia— t.  Bone,  see  Tooth 
• — t.  Bush,  Xanthoxylum  fraxineum  —  t.  Tree, 
Aralia  spinosa,  Xanthoxylum  clava  Herculis. 

TOOTH  EDGE,  Ac/acement  des  dents,  Hsemo- 
dia — t.  Paste,  Dentifricium — t.  Rash,  Strophulus 
— t.  Shell,  dog-like,  Dentalium. 

TOPHACEOUS  COXORETIOX,  Tophus. 

TOPHUS,  Tffus,  Osteot'opihus,  Topha' ceous 
Concretion.  A  collection  of  hard,  calcareous  mat- 
ter, which  forms,  particularly,  at  the  surface  of 
joints  affected  with  gout;  (see  Calculi,  arthritic,) 
and  occasionally,  in  the  interior  of  organs,  around 
the  teeth,  &c.  It  likewise  meant  gravel  and 
chalaza. 

TOP'IC,  Top'ical,  Top'ieus.  A  local  applica- 
tion; (F.)  Topiique..    See  Local. 

TOPICUS,  Local. 

TOPINARIA,  Talpa. 

TOPIQUE,  Topic. 

TOPLITZ  or  TEPLITZ,  MINERAL  WA- 
TERS OF.  Toplitz  is  a  town  of  Bohemia,  cele- 
brated for  its  numerous  thermal  springs.  The 
water  contains  chloride  of  sodium,  carbonate, 
and  sulphate  of  soda  ;  and  carbonates  of  lime  and 
iron,  ka.     Temp.  114°  to  122°  Fahr. 

Toplitz,  Toplitz. 

TOPOGRAPHICAL  ANATOMY,  see  Ana- 
tomy. 

TORCULAR,  Tourniquet. 

Tor'cular  Heeoph'ili,  The  Press  of  Heroph'- 
ilua,  Leehenei'on,  Lenos,  Lenum,  Fourth  Sinus, 
(F.)  Confluent  des  Sinus,  Pressoir  d'Herophile. 
A  smooth  and  polished  cavity,  of  irregular  shape, 
in  which  several  sinuses  of  the  dura  mater  meet. 
55 


It  is  situate  before  the  internal  occipital  protube- 
rance, at  the  union  of  the  three  great  duplicatures 
of  the  dura  mater.  It  has  sis  openings  into  it: 
—  one  above,  that  of  the  superior  longitudinal 
sinus ;  two  below,  answering  to  the  occipital  si- 
nuses; one  anterior,  belonging  to  the  straight 
sinus  ;  and  two  lateral,  and  very  broad,  which 
lead  into  the  lateral  sinuses;  and  con ve}' from 
the  cavity  the  blood  that  has  been  poured  into  it 
by  the  others. 

TORCULUM,  Tourniquet. 

TORDY'LIUM,  T.  Officinale,  Ses'eli  Cret'i- 
cum  seu  3fonta'nuin,  (F.)  Seseli  de  Crete.  Family, 
Umbelliferae.  Sex.  Syst.  Pentandria  Digynia. 
The  seeds  and  roots  of  this  Southern  European 
plant  are  considered  carminative  and  diuretic. 
They  enter  into  the  theriaca. 

TORE'NIA  ASIAT'ICA,  Cmla-dolo.  A  small 
Malabar  plant,  the  juice  of  whose  leaves,  sweet- 
ened with  sugar,  is  said  to  cure  gonorrhoea. 

TORMEXTIL,  Geranium  maculatum,  Tor- 
mentilla. 

TORMENTIL'LA,  T.erec'ta  seu  syhes'tris  sea 
officina'lia  seu  tubero'sa,  Fraga'ria  tormentil'la 
offieina'lis,  PotentiU'a  tormentill'a.  Common  Tor- 
rnen'til,  Upright  Septfoil,  JJejjiaphyl'lum,  ConsoV- 
ida  rubra,  (F.)  Tormentille.  Family,  Rosaceffi. 
Sex.  Syst.  Icosandria  Polygynia.  The  root  has 
a  slightly  aromatic  odour ;  and  austere,  styptic 
taste.  It  is  astringent.  Dose,  of  the  powder,  gr. 
s  to  gj. 

TORMENTUM,  Ileus,  Intussusceptio. 

TOR'MINA,  Strophos,  CccliaVgia,  EncosliaV- 
gia,  Anile'ma,  Anile'sis,  Gripes,  3hdl!grubs,  (F.) 
Tranchees.     Acute  colicky  pains.     Dysentery. 

ToRJiiNA  Celsi,  Dysentery — t.  Parturientium, 
Pains,  labour — -t.  Post  partum,  see  Pains,  labour. 

TORNACULUM,  Tourniquet. 

TOROS'ITAS,  Corpulen'tia  carno'sa,  Hab'iius 
athlet' icus.  Muscular  strength;  from  torosus, 
'brawny,' — fori,  'brawn.' 

TOROSUS,  Muscular. 

TORPEDO,  Narcosis. 

TORPEFACTIO  UNIVERSALIS,  Holonar- 
cosis. 

TORPID,  Tor'pidus,  (F.)  Engourdi;  from  tor- 
peo,  '1  am  benumbed.'  Numb.  Incapable  of 
exertion  and  of  feeling.     Dull,  stupid,  inactive. 

TORPIDITAS,  Torpor. 

TORPIDUS,  Narcotized,  Torpid. 

TORPOR,  Torpid'itas,  Noth'rotes,  Parap'sia 
expers,  (F.)  Engourdissement,  from  torpere,  'lo 
be  numbed.'  State  of  a  part  which  becomes 
numb,  and  almost  incapable  of  motion.  Torpjor, 
Torpiid'ity,  Torpid'ness,  Tor'pitnde  are  also  ap- 
plied to  a  debilitated,  sluggish  condition  of  a  part 
or  of  the  whole  of  the  body;  Aer'gia,  (F.)  Acca- 
blement. 

Torpor,  Narcosis — t.  of  the  Colon,  see  Colon, 
torpor  of  the — t.  Intestinornm,  Constipation- -t. 
Soporificus,  Noear. 

TORQUAY.  A  town  in  Devonshire,  England, 
which,  on  account  of  the  mildness  of  its  climate, 
and  its  sheltered  situation  from  the  bleaker  winds, 
is  a  frequent  retreat  for  the  phthisical  invalid. 

TOR'SION,  Tor'sio.  The  act  of  twisting. 
Torsion  of  the  extremities  of  bleeding  vessels, 
Angios'troptlie,  until  the  blood  ceases  to  flow,  i." 
sometimes  used  to  arrest  hemorrhage  from  divided 
vessels. 

TORTELLE,  Erysimum. 

TORTICOL'LIS,  Obsfip'itas,  Caput  olsti'pum, 
Obsti'pia  cervix,  Obeiip'itas  cap'itis  seu  Colli,  Col- 
lum  obsti'pum,  TracheV  agra,  Enta'sia  Loxiit, 
Lox'ias,  Cephalox'ia,  Ancylode're,  Ancylodc'ris, 
Jthabocra'nia,  Auchenorrheii'ma,  Pheumatis'mtis 
colli.  Eh.  Cervi'cii,  Stiffnech,  Wryneck  ?  from 
toi-qxtere,  iortum,  '  to  twist,'  and  colltm,  'the  noek.' 


TORTOISE 


TRACHELO 


A  variety  of  rheumatism,  seated  in  the  muscles 
of  the  neck,  which  prevents  the  motion  of  the 
head,  and  causes  the  patient  to  hold  it  inclined  to 
the  side  affected.  It  is,  commonly,  of  short  dura- 
tion ;  usually  disappearing  in  a  few  days.  E,ube- 
facients  are  the  best  topical  applications.  The 
term  is  also  applied  to  permanent  contraction  of 
the  muscles  of  the  neck,  which  causes  the  head 
to  be  held  to  one  side.  The  remedy  is  the  divi- 
sion of  the  contracted  muscles. 

TORTOISE,  FRESHWATER,  GREAT,  Hy- 
drasnis  expansa. 

T'ORTUE,  Testudo. 

TORTURA  ORIS,  Canine  laugh,  Neuralgia 
faciei — t.  Oris  paralytica  Linncei,  Paralysis,  Bell's. 

TOR'ULA  CEREVIS'I^,  Saccharom'yces  sen 
M'jcoder'ma  cereviaice.,  Cryptoeoc'cuH  ferment' um, 
Yertst  plant.  One  of  the  simplest  forms  of  vege- 
tation, capable,  under  favourable  circumstances, 
of  vegetating  rapidly,  and  assisting  in  producing 
the  fermentation  of  saccharine  substanees.  The 
plant  has  been  found  in  vomited  fluids,  and  in 

TORULUS  GLANDIS,  Crown  of  the  glans. 

TORUS,  Muscle  —  t.  Mantis,  Metacarpus. 

TOTA  BONA,  Chenopodium  bonus  Henrieus. 

TOTUM  CARNOSUM,  Pancreas. 

TOUCH,  Taetns,  Tac'tio,  Ha2ihe,  Hapsts,  Tac'- 
tion,  Palpu'tion,  (F.)  Toucher.  One  of  the  five 
senses,  and  that  which  makes  known  to  us  the 
palpable  qualities  of  bodies,  such  as  their  con- 
sistence, quality,  &c.  It  is  seated,  particularly, 
in  the  hands;  and  diifers  from  tact  in  being 
active. 

Touch-me-not,  Impatiens  fulva. 

Touch,  Royal.  It  was  at  one  time  almost  uni- 
versally believed,  in  England,  that  the  royal  touch 
would  remove  Scrofula  or  King's  Evil,  (as  it  was 
thence  called.)  This  superstition  is  now  entirely 
exploded.  Edward,  the  Confessor,  was  the  first 
English  king  who  touched  for  the  Evil. 

TOUCHER,  Esaphe,  Touch. 

TOUCHWOOD,  Boletus  igniarius. 

TOUR  BE  MAITRE,  Coup  de  maitre. 

TOURBILLON  YASCULAIRE,  Vasa  va- 
sorum. 

TOURNESOL,  Heliotropium  Europseum. 

TOURNIOLE,  Paronychia. 

TOUR'NIQUET,  Tor'cxdar,  Tor'culum,  Tor- 
nac'uhan,  Prce'lium,  Prce'liuw,  Prm'lium  seu  Pre- 
lum arieria'le,  Verticil'lum,  Fas'cia  tor'tilis,  from 
(F.)  tourner,  'to  turn.'  A  surgical  instrument 
for  stopping  the  course  of  blood  in  the  limbs,  by 
exerting  a  strong  compression  upon  the  principal 
artery.  It  was  invented  by  a  French  surgeon. 
Morel,  in  the  middle  of  the  17th  century;  and 
■was  modified  subsequently,  by  Xuck,  Verduc, 
Monro,  Petit,  and  Louis.  It  is  used  to  suspend, 
for  a  time,  the  circulation  in  a  limb,  during  great 
operations  ;  to  arrest  arterial  hemorrhage  in  cases 
of  wounds ;  to  compress  certain  aneurismal  and 
other  tumours,  Ac. 

TOUS-LES-MOIS,  Am'ijlum  canna'ceum.  A 
fecula  obtained  from  the  root  of  Canna  coccin'ea. 
It  resembles  potato  starch,  and  may  be  substi- 
tuted for  arrow-root.  It  is  obtained  from  St. 
Kitts. 

TOUTE  BONNE,  Salvia  sclarea. 
TOUTE   EPICE,   see  Myrtus  pimenta  — <. 
S'liiie,  Sanicula. 

TO  UX,  Tassis—t.  Blene,  Pertussis  —  t.  Bron- 
(Jiiqnn,  Bronchial  cough,  Cough,  tubal — t.  Cnver- 
nrT(*c,  see  Cavernous  "-aspiration  —  t.  Conrulaice, 
j'crtussis  — '.  Quttuvuse,  Pertussis  —  t.  Tuhaire, 
]>r(inchial  coujh.  Cough,  tubal. 

TOXIC^MIA,  Toxicohamia. 

TOXICAL,  Poisonous. 


TOXTCATIO.  Poisoning. 

TOXICODENDRON,  Rhus  toxicodendron. 

TOXICOH^'MIA,  Toxicfp'mia,  from  toUkov, 
'a  poison,'  and  'ai/^a,  'blood.'  Poisoning  of  the 
blood. —  Piorry. 

TOXICOL'OGY,  Toxicolofj"ia,  from  to^ikov, 
(itself  from  to^ov,  'a  bow,')  'a  poison,'  and  \oyo(, 
'  a  description.'     A  treatise  on  poisons. 

TOXICO'SES,  (G.)  Toxikosen,  from  rofi/coi', 
'a  poison.'  A  family  of  diseases,  according  to 
the  classification  of  Fuchs,  caused  by  the  recep- 
tion of  poisons  into  the  system. 

TOXICUM,  Poison.  Venom. 

TRABECULA  CEREBRI,  Corpus  callosum— 
t.  Cordis,  Columnse  carnefe. 

TRABECULiE  SPLENIS,  see  Spleen— t.WiL 
lisii,  Chordag  Willisii. 

TRABES  CORDIS,  Columnaj  carnese. 

TRABS,  Penis — t.  Cerebri,  Corpus  callosum— 
t.  Medullaris,  Corpus  callosum. 

TRACE,  PRIMITIVE,  Groove,  primitive. 

TRACHE'A,  (generally,  however,  accented 
Tra'chea.)  Trache'a  arte'ria,  Bronchvs,  As'pera 
arteria,  Fis'tula  sjjiritua'lis,  F.  pulmona'lis,  Can. 
na,  Syrin'ga,  Syrinx;  the  Windpiipie,  Throttle, 
(F.)  Trachee  artere,  from  rpu^vj,  'rough,'  and 
apTrjpia,  'artery,'  composed  of  arjp,  'air,'  and 
TTjpetv,  'to  keep.'  The  trachea  is  a  cylindrical, 
fibro-cartilaginous  and  membranous  tube,  flat- 
tened behind,  and  situate  on  the  median  line,  be- 
fore the  vertebral  column,  from  the  inferior  part 
of  the  larynx,  as  far  as  the  third  dorsal  vertebra. 
There  it  divides  into  two  branches,  the  bronchia, 
which  separate  to  go  to  each  lung.  The  trachea, 
the  function  of  which  is  to  convey  air  to  the 
lungs  during  respiration,  is  composed,  1.  Of  car- 
tilaginous rings,  An'ntdi  cartilagin' ei ,  Segmen'ta 
cartilagin'ea,  Orhes  cartilagino'si,  incomplete  be- 
hind ;  situate  one  above  the  other,  and  kept  in 
situ  by  a  fibrous  membrane.  2.  Of  a  mucous 
membrane,  which  lines  it  internally,  and  contains 
numerous  mucous  follicles.  3.  Of  transverse 
muscular  fibres,  not  well-marked,  which  occupy 
its  posterior  surface.  4.  Of  vessels,  which  pro- 
ceed from  the  superior  and  inferior  thyroideal  ; 
and,  5.  Of  nerves,  that  are  given  oS  by  the  pneu- 
mogastric  and  the  cervical  ganglia.  The  breath- 
ing tubes  of  insects  are  termed  Trachea. 

Trachea  Arteria,  Trachea. 

TRACHEAE,  see  Trachea. 

TRA'CHEAL,  Trachea'lis.  Appertaining  to 
the  trachea.  An  epithet  applied  to  respiration 
as  heard  through  the  stethoscope  opposite  the 
trachea,  larynx,  and  root  of  the  bronchia:  the 
air  appearing  as  if  sucked  in  from  the  cylinder 
during  inspiration,  and  expelled  during  expi- 
ration. 

Tracheal  GLA^^)S.  Mucous  follicles  on  the 
posterior  surface  of  the  trachea.  They  are  small, 
flattened  ovoid  bodies. 

TRACHEE  ARTERE,  Trachea. 

TRACHEITIS,  Cynanche  trachealis. 

TRACHELAGRA,  Torticollis. 

TRACHELIAN,  Cervical. 

TRACHELISM'US,  from  rpaxv>^ov,  'the neck.' 
A  term  proposed  by  Dr.  Marshall  Hall,  for  a  fan- 
cied spasmodic  action  of  the  muscles  of  the  neck, 
which  he  esteems  to  be  the  cause  of  many  morbid 
phenomena,  by  inducing  compression  of  the  veins 
of  the  neck  and  an  impeded  return  of  blood  from 
the  head. 

TRACHELITIS,  Cynanche  trachealis. 

TRACHELIUMAMERICANUM,  Lobelia  ear- 
dinalis.  ^ 

TRA  CHEL  0-A  TL  0  ID  0-0  CO  IP  IT  A  L,  Obli- 
quus  superior  capitis — t.  Atlo'ido-basilaire,  Rectus 
capitis  lateralis  —  t.  Basilaire,  Rectus  capitis  in- 


TRACHELO 


867 


TRANSPOSITIO 


ternus  major  —  t.  Baailaii-e,  petit,  Rectus  capitis 
iuterniis  minor. 

TRACHE'LO-DIAPHRAGMAT'IC,  7'meSe?o- 
diaphragmat'icus.  The  fourth  pair  of  cervical 
nerves,  whence  the  phrenic  nerve  chiefly  arises. 
—  Chaussier. 

TRACHELO-MASTOiDIEN,  Complexus  mi- 
nor—  t.  Occipital,  Complexus  —  t.  Phyma,  Bron- 
chocele  —  t.  Scctpulaire,  Levator  scapulas, 

TRACHELOS,  Collum. 

TRACHEOCELE,  Bronehocele. 

TRACHEOPHONY,  Larvngophony. 

TRACHEOPIITHISIS,  see  Phthisis  laryngeu'. 

TRACHEORRHAG"IA,  Hamop'toe  seu  Hm- 
•  mop'ti/sis  larynge'a  et  trachea'lis,  from  rpaxtia, 
'  the  trachea,'  and  pnyw/xi,  '  to  break  forth.'  Hse- 
morrhage  from  the  trachea. 

TRACHEOSTENO'SIS,  from  r^axna,  'the 
trachea,'  and  orci/uo-ij,  'contraction.'  Contraction 
or  narrowness  of  the  trachea. 

TRACHEOTOMY,  see  Bronchotomy. 

TRACHITIS,  Cynanehe  trachealis. 

TRACHO'MA,  Aspre'clo,  irovarpaxyi,  'rough.' 
Gran'ular  conjuncti' va,  Gran'ular  eyelid,  (P.) 
Asperite  des  Paiq^ieres.  A  roughness  of  the  inner 
surface  of  the  eyelids ;  granular  eyelids.  A  va- 
riety of  ophthalmia,  of  which  three  kinds  have 
been  designated  : —  T.  sahulo'sum,  from  sand,  <S;c., 
getting  between  the  eyelids ;  T.  caruncido'sum, 
Phadaro'des,  Phndaro'sis,  ilorum  pal'pehrce  in- 
ter'nas,  from  fleshy  excrescences  ,•  and  T.  herpet'- 
ieum,  from  bard  pustules  on  the  inner  surface  of 
the  eyelids.  This  last  is,  also,  called  Fico'sis,  and 
Pal'pehra  fico'sa. 

TRACT,  OPTIC,  see  Optic  nerves  — t.  Respi- 
ratory, see  Respiratory  tract. 

TRACTATIO  MANUARIA,  Surgery. 

TRACTORATION,  Perkinism,  see  Tractors, 
metallic. 

TRACTORS,  METAL'LIO.  Metallic  agents, 
introduced  by  Dr.  Elisha  Perkins,  of  Connecticut, 
about  the  end  of  the  last  century,  to  cure  diseases. 
The  parts  were  rubbed  with  these  tractors,  and 
hundreds  of  thousands  of  cases  were  reported  to 
have  been  cured  by  the  Traetora'tion.  The  affec- 
tions, in  which  they  were  chiefly  used,  were  local 
inflammations,  and  pains  in  different  parts.  The 
good  efi'ects  were,  doubtless,  owing  to  the  influence 
exerted  by  the  mind  over  the  body.  The  bubble 
did  not  exist  long.     See  Perkinism. 

TRACT  US  IjSTTESTINORUM,  Intestinal 
Tube  —  t.  Opticus,  see  Optic  nerves  —  t.  Respi- 
ratorius,  Respiratory  tract. 

Tractus  Spira'lis  Foraminulen'ttjs.  Minute 
openings  at  the  base  of  the  modiolus,  arranged 
in  a  spiral  manner,  which  transmit  the  filaments 
of  the  cochlear  nerve.  The  central  canal  of  the 
Tractus  is  longer  than  the  rest,  and  is  called  Tu'- 
hidiis  cetitra'lis  modi'oli. 

TRADESCAN'TIA  VIRGIN'ICA,  Spider- 
wort;  indigenous;  Order,  Commelynaceae;  flow- 
ering from  May  to  August.  The  roots  are  de- 
mulcent. 

TRAGACAN'THA,  Gummi  Tragacan'tha,  G. 
Astrag'ali  Tragacanthm,  Gum  Tragacanth,  Gum 
Dragon.  The  concrete  juice  of  the  Astragalus 
Tragacantha  or  Astragalus  Verus,  a  native  of 
Persia.  Family,  Leguminosce.  Sex.  Syst.  Dia- 
delphia  Deeandria.  (F.)  Gonmxe  Adragant,  Adra- 
gant.  This  gum  is  inodorous;  nearly  insipid;  of 
a  whitish  colour;  semi-transparent,  and  striated. 
It  is  in  thin,  vermiform  pieces;  and  does  not  form 
a  smooth,  uniform  mucilage  with  water.  It  is 
demulcent,  but  is  rarely  used  alone. 

TRAGEA  AROMATICA,  Pulvis  cinnamomi 
compositus. 


TRAG"ICUS,  Tragien  (Ch.),  from  Tragus.  A 
small,  flat,  triangular  muscle  which  almost  wholly 
covers  the  outer  surface  of  the  tragus,  arising 
from  its  base,  and  terminating  at  the  top  of  the 
eminence. 

tragien;  Tragicus. 

TRAGOMASCHA'LIA,  Tragomas'chale,  from 
Tpayog,  'a  goat,'  and  ^iacrxa^v>  'axilla.'  The  strong, 
unpleasant  odour  of  the  armpits. 

TRAGOPHONIA,  Egophony. 

TRAGOPO'GON,  Barba  hirci,  from  rpayos,  'a 
goat,'  and  iruyuv,  'beard.'  A  genus  of  plants; 
Family,  Cichoracea;.  Sex.  Syst.  Syngenesia  Po- 
lygamia  ^qualis.  (F.)  Barhe  de  Bouc;  of  which, 
the  roots  of  the  Tragopogon  j^orrifo'lium,  Salsifi, 
Oyster-root,  and  the  3'oung  shoots  of  the  T.  pra- 
ten'se,  Meadoio  Salsifi,  Common  Goat's  Beard,  (F.) 
Sahijis  des  pres,  are  eaten  as  food.  The  root  of 
the  latter  has  been  used  as  a  diuretic. 

TRAGOSELINUM,  Pimpinella  saxifraga  — t. 
Angelica,  Ligusticum  podograria  —  t.  Magnum, 
Pimpinella  magna — t.  Majus,  Pimpinella  magna 
—  t.  Saxifraga,  Pimpinella  magna. 

TRAGUS,  Tpayog,  'a  goat;'  from  its  being  fur- 
nished, in  some  persons,  with  hair,  like  the  beard 
of  a  goat.  Hirciis,  Hirquus.  A  small,  flattened, 
triangular  nipple,  situate  before  the  meatus  audi- 
torius  externus,  which  it  appears  to  conceal.  It 
is  covered  with  hair  in  old  people,  whence  its 
name.  Also,  the  peculiar  goit-liko  smell  of  the 
axilla3. 

Tragus  Matthioli,  Salsola  kali. 

TRAINASSE,  Polygonum  aviculare. 

TRAMIS,  Perina3um. 

TRANCE,  Catalepsy,  Ecstasis. 

TRANGHEES,  Tormina—  t.  Utermes,  Pains, 
after. 

TRANSFIGURATIO,  Transformation. 

TRANSFORMA'TION,  Transforma'tio,  Trans- 
figura'tio,  Transmxita'tio,  3letab'ole,  from  trans, 
'beyond,'  nnd  forma,  'form.'     Change  of  form. 

TRANSF0R3IATI0NS  DE  TISSU,  (F.) 
The  French  pathologists  designate  thus  the 
change  that  occurs  in  an  organ,  the  tissue  of 
which  becomes  similar  to  that  of  another  organ. 
The  chief  transformations  are  cartilaginous,  osse- 
ous, and  adipous.     See  Tissue. 

TRAKSFU'SION,  Transfusio,  from  trans/mi- 
dere  (trans,  and  fundere,  'to  pour'),  'to  pour  from 
one  vessel  into  another.'  Transfusio  San' guinis, 
Cura  3Iedea'na,  MethcBmacliym'ia,  Ilamatome- 
taeh'ysis,  Hamometach' ysis, Diach'ysis, Transp)lan- 
ta'tio  med'ica  nova,  Okirur'gia  transfuso'ria,  Ex- 
oticJimmato'sis.  The  act  of  passing  the  blood  of 
one  animal  into  the  veins  of  another  ;  an  opera- 
tion which  was  formerly  used  to  fulfil  various 
therapeutical  intentions.  It  has  been  revived 
in  cases  of  uterine  hemorrhage;  and,  apparently, 
with  some  success. 

The  operation  can  only  be  performed  safely 
on  animals  having  like  kinds  of  blood.  Sea 
Globule. 

TRANSLATION,  Metastasis. 

TRANSMUTATIO,  Transformation. 

TRANSPIRATIO,  Perspiration— t.  Unilatera, 
Hetnidiaphoresis. 

TRANSPLANTA'TIO,  Metaplytei' a.  A  pre- 
tended  method  of  curing  diseases,  devised  by 
Paracelsus — by  making  them  pass  from  one  indi- 
vidual to  another,  either  animal  or  vegetable. 

Transplantatio,  Morioplastice  —  t.  Medica 
nova.  Transfusion. 

Transplanta'tio  Dentis,  Insit'Ho  dentin.  Tho 
act  of  transplanting  a  tooth  from  one  person  to 
another. 

TRANSPORT,  Delirium. 

TRANSPOSITIO,  MetatheaB. 


TRANSPOSITION 


868 


TRAPEZIUM 


TRA]SrSPOSIT"ION,  TransposHio,  from  trans, 
over,'  and  ponere,  '  to  put/  Metath'esis.  Change 
of  situation. 

Transposition  op  the  Vis'ceea,  Polype'ria 
proviis' cua  translati'va,  Intus  inver'sus,  is  a  con- 
genital yice  of  conformation,  which  consists  in 
the  viscera  being  found  out  of  the  situations  they 
ordinarily  occupy:  the  heart,  for  example,  being 
on  the  right  sidej  the  liver  on  the  left,  Ac. 
TRANSUDATIO,  Diapedesis. 
TRANSUDA'TION,  Transuda'tio,  from  trann, 
'  through,'  and  siidare,  sudatum,  '  to  sweat.'    The 
passage  of  a  fluid  through  the  tissue  of  any  or- 
gan, which   may  collect  in  small  drops  on  the 
opposite  surface,  or  evaporate  from  it. 
Transudation,  Exosmose. 
TRANSVERSAIRE  EPINEUX,  Transver- 
salis  dorsi — t.  Epineux  du  cou,  Semispinalis  colli 
—  f.  Grele,   see  Sacro-lumbalis  —  t.  Epineux  du 
doe,  Semi-spinatus  dorsi. 

TRANSVERSAL  BE  LA  CON  QUE,  Trans- 
versalis  auris  —  t.  du  Nez,  Compressor  nasi  —  t. 
dee  Orteils,  Transversus  pedis. 
TRANSVERSALIS,  Transverse. 
Transtersa'lis  Abdom'inis,  (P.)  Lomlo-ab- 
dominal,  (Ch.)  Transverse  de  I' Abdomen.  This 
muscle  is  seated,  deeply,  on  the  lateral  parts  of 
the  abdomen.  It  is  flat,  thin,  and  broader  before 
than  behind.  It  is  attached,  above,  to  the  carti- 
lage of  the  last  true  rib,  and  to  those  of  every 
false  rib  ;  and,  below,  to  the  inner  lip  of  the  crista 
of  the  ilium  ;  to  the  two  outer  thirds  of  the  crural 
arch,  and  to  the  upper  part  of  the  pubis.  Its 
fibres,  moreover,  are  inserted,  behind,  by  means 
of  broad  aponeuroses,  into  the  top  of  the  trans- 
verse and  spinous  processes  of  the  first  four  lum- 
bar vertebroe ;  and,  before,  into  the  linea  alba, 
.and  the  ensiform  cartilage.  This  muscle,  all  of 
whose  fibres  have  a  transverse  direction,  con- 
stricts the  belly,  and  diminishes  the  base  of  the 
chest,  by  drawing  inwards  the  ribs  to  which  it  is 
attached. 

Transversalis  Anticus  Primus,  Rectus  ca- 
pitis lateralis  —  t.  CoUateralis  colli,  see  Sacro- 
lumbalis. 

Transversa'lis  Colli,  Transversalis  Major 
colli,  Portion  of  the  Sacro-spiinal  (Ch.),  (F.) 
Tramversaire.  A  muscle,  seated  at  the  posterior 
and  lateral  part  of  the  neck  and  upper  part  of 
the  back.  .  It  is  attached  to  the  transverse  pro- 
cesses of  the  five  or  six  lowest  vertebras  of  the 
neck ;  and  to  those  of  the  four  or  five  first  dorsal. 
It  extends  the  vertebras  of  the  neck,  and  inclines 
them  to  its  side. 

Transversalis  Colli,  Semi-spinalis  colli. 
Transversalis  Dorsi,  Transversa -spinalis, 
Multif'idue  SinncB,  Lumbo-cervical  piortion  of  the 
Spinal  (  Ch. ),  [Transverso-spinalis  Lumbo'rum, 
Transversa -spinalis  Dorsi,  Transversa -spinalis 
Colli,)  Mus'culas  sacer,  Spinales  et  transversales 
lumborum,  Semi-spinalis  internus  sive  Transverso- 
tjnnalis  colli  pars  interna  (Winslow),  Jjomho- 
dorsi-spinal,  <fcc.,  ( F. )  Transversuire  epineux. 
This  muscle,  usually  called,  by  English  anato- 
mists, Midtifidus  spince,  and  including  all  the 
transversa- spinales,  is  situate  in  the  vertebral 
gutters,  extending  from  the  posterior  part  of  the 
sacrum  to  the  second  cervical  vertebra;.  It  is 
'jiicker  in  the  neck  and  loins  than  in  the  back 
ftnd  behind  the  sacrum.  Its  use  is — to  straighten 
the  vertebral  column,  and  to  impress  upon  it  a 
plight  rotary  motion. 

Transversalis  Nasi,  Compressor  naris. 
TRANSVERSARIUS,  Transverse. 
TRANSVERSE,   Trausver'sus,  Transversa'lis, 
Transversa' rins,  from  tra7is,   '  over,'  and  verterc, 
'  to  turn.'    That  which  runs  across :  also,  that 


which  relates  to  the  transverse  processes  of  the 
vertebrce. 

Transverse  Artery  of  the  Face,  arises  from 
the  temporal ;  passes  transversely  across  the  face, 
in  front  of  the  condyle  of  the  lower  jaw,  and 
gives  its  branches  to  the  different  muscles  of  tha 
cheek. 

Transveese  Fissure,  see  Liver — t.  Ligament 
of  the  Atlas,  Annular  ligament. 

Transverse  Perineal  Artery,  Urethro-lnl- 
bar  (Ch.),  is  given  off  from  the  upper  branch  of 
the  internal  pudic ;  and  passes  inwards  and  for- 
wards above  the  transversus  perinsei  muscle,  as 
far  as  the  bulb  of  the  urethra,  into  which  it  dips, 
subdividing  into  numerous  branches. 

Transverse  Proc"esses  op  the  VER'TEBRiE, 
Diapiophyses,  of  Owen,  (F.)  Apophyses  transverses 
des  vertebres,  are  the  bony  eminences  that  jut  out 
transversely  and  posteriorly  from  the  sides  of  the 
vertebras. 

Transverse  Suture,  Sutu'ra  transversa'lis, 
runs  across  the  face,  and  sinks  into  the  orbit ; 
joining  the  bones  of  the  skull  to  those  of  the 
face,  but  with  so  many  irregularities  and  inter- 
ruptions, that  it  can  scarcely  be  recognised  as  a 
suture. 

TRANSVERSE  DE  L' ABDOMEN,  Trans- 
versalis abdominis  —  t.  de  I'Orieule,  Transversus 
auris  —  t.  du  Perinee,  Transversus  perin^i. 

TRANSVERSO-SPINAL,  Semi-spinalis  colli, 
Semi-spinalis  dorsi  —  t.  Spinalis,  Transversalis 
dorsi — t.  Spinalis  colli.  Semi-spinalis  colli  —  t. 
Spinalis  dorsi,  Semi-spinalis  dorsi. 

TRANSVER'SUS  AURIS,  Transver'sus  An- 
ric'idae,  (F.)  Transverse  de  I' Orictde  (Ch.),  Trans- 
versal de  la  Conqne,  is  often  wanting.  It  is 
formed  of  some  transverse  fibres,  situate  trans- 
versely, behind  the  projection  of  the  helix  which 
divides  the  concha  into  two  portions. 

Transversus  Pedis,  <S'ca?KZ((?a'rjM«,  (F.)  Trans- 
versal des  Orteils,  Metatarso-sous-phalangien  trans- 
versal du  premier  orteil  (Chaussier).  A  muscle, 
which  arises  by  fleshy  slips  from  the  heads  of  the 
metatarsal  bones  of  the  three  outer  toes.  Its 
tendon  is  inserted  into  the  base  of  the  first  pha- 
lanx of  the  great  toe,  being  blended  with  that 
of  the  adductor  pollicis. 

Transversus  Peein^i,  Leva'tor  Ani  pawns, 
Ischio-perineal  (Ch.,)  (F.)  Transverse  du  Perinee, 
is  placed  at  the  posterior  part  of  the  perinseum. 
It  is  thin,  triangular,  and  situate  transversely. 
Its  external  extremity  is  attached  to  the  ramus 
and  tuberosity  of  the  ischium :  its  inner  extremity 
is  confounded  with  its  fellow  of  the  opposite  side, 
and  with  the  anterior  part  of  the  sphincter  ani 
and  posterior  part  of  the  bulbo-cavernosns.  The 
use  of  this  muscle  is,  —  to  compress  the  urethra, 
and  to  support  the  rectum  and  bladder.  To  a 
fasciculus  of  this  muscle,  Santorini  has  given  the 
name  Ure'thrce  Elevd'tor  seu  Ejacula' tor. 

Teansveesus  Perin,'e'x  Alter,  Prostat'icus 
inferior.  A  small  muscle  which  occasionally  ac- 
companies the  last. 

TRAPA  NATANS,  (F.)  Macre  fiottante,  Noix 
d'Enu,  Chaiair/ne  d'Eau.  Sex.  Syst.  Tetrandria 
Monogynia.  The  plant  which  aflbrds  the  N'ucea 
Aquat'iccB,  TriVnli  aqnafici.  Caltrops.  The  nut 
is  considered  nutrient  and  demulcent,  and  is  said 
to  be  useful  in  diarrhoea  from  abrasion  of  the 
bowels,  and  in  calculus.  A  poultice  is  sometimes 
made  of  it  to  discuss  hard  and  indolent  tumours. 
TRAPEZE,  Trapezium,  Trapezius. 
TRAPE'ZIUM  OS,  Tpaizc^iov.  So  called  from 
its  shape.  Os  multan'(juhim  majus,  (F.)  Os  tra- 
j)ize.  The  first  bone  of  the  second  row  of  the 
carpus.  It  is  articulated,  above,  with  the  sca- 
phoides;  below,  with  the  first  bone  of  the  meta- 


TRAPEZIUS 


TRIAXGULAR 


carpus;  within,  with  the  trapezoides,  and  second 
metacarpal  bone.  Anteriorlj',  posteriorlj^,  and 
externally,  it  gives  attachment  to  ligaments. 

TRAPE'ZIUS,  CucuUa'ris,  (F.)  I)or.io-8HS. 
acromien  (Ch.),  Trapeze,  Capiichoii.  A  muscle, 
seated  at  the  posterior  part  of  the  neck  and 
shoulder,  and  at  the  upper  part  of  the  back.  It 
has  the  shape  of  a  trapezium;  is  attached,  on  the 
one  hand,  to  the  inner  third  of  the  upper  curved 
line  of  the  occipital  bone ;  to  the  posterior  cer- 
vical ligament;  to  the  spinous  process  of  the  7th 
cervical  vertebra;  and  to  those  of  all  the  dorsal 
vertebra3 ;  and,  on  the  other  hand,  to  the  spine 
of  the  scapula;  the  acromion  and  the  outer  third 
of  the  posterior  margin  of  the  clavicle.  Its  upper 
fibres  are  situate  obliquely  downwards  and  out- 
wards; the  transverse  and  inferior,  obliquely  out- 
wards and  inwards.  This  muscle  elevates  the 
shoulder;  carries  it  backwards,  or  depresses  it, 
according  as  its  upper,  middle,  or  lower  fibres 
contract  separately.  It  straightens  the  head, 
also,  and  inclines  it  to  one  side. 

TRAP'EZOID  LIGAMENT.  The  anterior 
part  of  the  coraco-clavicular  ligament.  It  is  a 
very  strong,  fibrous  fasciculus,  which  has  the 
shape  of  a  trapezium,  and  is  situate  obliquely, 
between  the  acromion  process  and  clavicle. 

TRAPEZOi'DES,  OS,  Os  nmUan'gulum  minus, 
Gs  pyramida'le  carp)i,  from  rpan-t^iov,  'a  trape- 
zium,' and  uSoi,  'shape  or  resemblance.'  The 
second  bone  of  the  second  row  of  the  carpus, — so 
called  from  its  shape.  It  is  smaller  than  the  tra- 
pezium, on  the  inside  of  which  it  is  situate.  It 
is  articulated,  above,  with  the  os  naviculare ; 
below,  with  the  second  metacarpal  bone ;  on  the 
outside,  with  the  trapezium;  and  internally,  with 
the  magnum.  Anteriorly  and  posteriorly,  it 
affords  attachment  to  ligaments. 

TRAUDENOUR,  Grape  cure. 

TRAULISMUS,  see  Balbuties  and  Bltesitas. 

TRAULOTES,  see  Blsesitas. 

TRAUMA,  Wound. 

TRAUMAT'IC,  Traumat'icus,  Vidnera'rius, 
Vul'nerary;  from  Tpavjxa,  '  a  wound.'  Any  thing 
relating  to  a  wound. 

TRAUMATICA,  Detergents,  Vulneraries. 

TRAUMATIGUS,  Traumatic,  Vulnerary. 

TRAUMATOP'YRA,  Febris  traumat'ica;  from 
Tpav^a,  'a  wound,'  and  -nvp,  'fire.'  A  wound  fever, 
or  fever  consecutive  to  a  wound. 

TRAVAIL,  Parturition. 

TRAVAIL  D' ENFANT,  Parturition. 

TRAVELLER'S  JOY,  Clematis  vitalba. 

TREACLE,  Melasses,  Theriaca  — t.  English, 
Teucrium  chamsedrys  —  t.  Venice,  Theriaca. 

TREAD,  Cieatricula— t.  of  the  Cock,  Molecule. 

TREE,  ELK,  Andromeda  arborea — t.  of  Life, 
Thuya  occidentalis — t.  Sour,  Andromeda  arborea. 

TREFLE  D'EAU,  Menyanthes  trifoliata. 

TREFOIL,  Ilepatica  triloba  —  t.  Bean,  stink- 
ing, Anagyris  —  t.  Marsh,  Menyanthes  verna — t. 
Sour,  Oxalis  acetosella  —  t.  Shrubby,  Ptelea  tri- 
foliata —  t.  Water,  Menyanthes  trifoliata. 

TREMA,  Foramen. 

TREMBLEMENT,  Tremor  —  *.  Mitallique, 
see  Tremor. 

TREMBLES,  Milk-sickness. 

TREMBLING,  Tremor. 

TREMELLA  AURICULA,  Peziza  auricula. 

TREMOR,  Trepida'tio,  Syn' clonus  Tremor, 
Tromo-spasmus,  Tromus,  Trembling,  (F.)  Trem- 
hlement,  from  iremere,  'to  tremble.'  Involuntary 
agitation  of  the  body,  or  of  some  part  of  it,  with- 
out any  obstacle  to  voluntary  motion.  It  de- 
pends, generally,  upon  debility  of  the  muscular, 
or  of  the  nervous  system;  and,  hence,  is  ob- 
eerved  in  convalescence,  and  in  typhoid  affec- 


tions. It  occurs,  also,  in  old  people  ;  in  hard 
drinkers;  workers  in  mercury,  lead,  <to. :  in  the 
last  case,  it  is  called  by  the  French,  Tremhlement 
metaUique,  Tremor  metal'licus.  Tremor  seems  to 
resemble  paralysis  more  than  convulsion.  See 
Paralysis  agitans  and  Pavitatio. 

Tremor  Cordis,  Hippus,  Palpitation — t.  Me- 
tallicus,  see  Tremor  —  t.  Purring,  Fremissement 
cataire. 

TREPAN,  Trep'annm,  Terebel'la,  Trip'anon, 
Pereter'ium,  Peretor'ium,  Serra  versat'ilis,  OhcBu'- 
icis,  Choenic'ion,  Ter'ebra,  Ter'etron,  Tere'trium,- 
Vertib'idnm,  Try'panon,  (F.)  Trepan,  from  rpvnad), 
'  I  perforate.'  A  surgical  instrument  resembling 
a  wimble,  and  worked  in  the  same  manner.  It 
is  used  for  removing  portions  of  bone,  and  par- 
ticularly of  the  bones  of  the  skull.  The  term 
trepan  is  given  more  particularly  to  the  part  of 
the  instrument  that  makes  the  perforation.  The 
handle  is  so  constructed  as  to  receive  different 
bits,  as  the  Crown,  the  Trepan  perforatif  or  Pe- 
rite'rion,  the  T.  exfoliatif  or  Desquamato'rium 
trep'anum,  and  the  T.  abaptis'ta. 

In  Great  Britain  and  the  United  States,  this 
instrument  has  been  superseded  by  the  trephine, 
which  is  more  manageable. 

TREPANATIO,  Trepanning. 

TREPANATION,  Trepanning. 

TREPAN'NING,  Terebra'tio,  Anatre'sis,  Ce- 
pihuloiripe' sis,  Trepana'tio,  Trype'sis,  Tresis,  Pri- 
sis,  Prismus,  Fora'tio,  (F.)  Trepanation.  Same 
etymon  as  Trepan.  The  methodical  application 
of  the  trepan. 

TREPANON,  Trepan. 

TREPANUM,  Trepan. 

TREPHINE.  The  instrument  which  has  re- 
placed the  trepan  in  some  countries.  It  consists 
of  a  simple,  cylindrical  saw;  with  a  handle  placed 
transversely  like  that  of  a  gimlet,  and  from  the 
centre  of  the  circle,  described  by  the  teeth  of  the 
saw,  a  sharp  little  perforator  projects,  called  the 
Centre-pin.  The  centre-pin  is  capable  of  being 
removed,  at  the  surgeon's  option,  by  means  of  a 
key  for  the  purpose.  It  is  used  to  fix  the  instru- 
ment until  the  teeth  of  the  saw  have  made  a  cir- 
cular groove,  sufficiently  deep  for  it  to  work 
steadily.  The  pin  must  then  be  removed.  Some- 
times the  pin  is  made  to  slide  up  and  down,  and 
to  be  fixed  in  any  position,  by  means  of  a  screw. 

TREPHOUSA,  Nurse. 

TREPIDATIO,  Tremor— t.  Cordis,  Cardiotro- 
mus. 

TREPON'DO.  A  weight  of  three  pounds.— 
Scribonius. 

TRE'SIS,  rprja-ts,  from  rpcw,  '1  bore.'  Properly, 
a  perforation.  A  wound.  A  forcible  solution  of 
continuity  in  a  soft  part,  commencing  externally. 
A  genus  in  the  nosology  of  Good. 

Tresis,  Trepanning,  Wound  —  t.  Causis,  Burn 
—  t.  Punctura,  Puncture  —  t.  Vulnus,  Wound  — 
t.  Vulnus  laceratum,  see  Laceration  —  t.  Vulnus 
simplex.  Cut. 

TRESSAILLE3IENT,  Shuddering. 

TRESSO'RIA,  Episi'on,  c-aicruov.  A  term  for- 
merly applied  to  the  hair  covering  the  mons  ve-, 
neris,  the  absence  of  which  has,  by  the  vulgar, 
been  esteemed  a  matter  of  reproach. 

TRI,  rpi,  in  composition,  '  three.'     Hence : 

TRIANGLE  MEBULLAIRE,  Fornix. 

TRIANGLE,  VESICAL,  see  Urinary  Bladdei. 

TRIAN'GULAR,  Trigo'nos,  Triangula' ria, 
from  tris,  for  tres,  'three,'  and  angulus,  'an  angle.' 
That  which  has  three  angles. 

Triangular  Ligament  or  Infra-pubian  is  a 
ligamentous  fascia  with  short  fibres,  situate  trans- 
versely beneath  the  symphysis  pubis,  nhich  it 
strengthens. 


TRIANGULAEIS 


870 


TRICIIOPHYIA 


TRIAISTGULARIS,  Depressor  anguli  oris  —  t. 
Coccygis,  Coccygeus — t.  Nasi,  Compressor  naris. 

Triangula' Eis  Steeni,  Stemo  -  costal  (Ch.,) 
Pectora' lis  inter'nus.  A  muscle  situate  at  the  an- 
terior and  inner  part  of  the  chest,  behind  the  car- 
tilages of  the  ribs.  It  has  the  shape  of  a  length- 
ened triangle,  the  base  of  which  is  directed  down- 
wards. It  is  attached  to  the  posterior,  lateral, 
and  inferior  part  of  the  sternum,  whence  its  fibres 
pass  upwards  and  outwards,  and  terminate  by  as 
many  distinct  digitations  at  the  cartilages  of  the 
3d,  ith,  5th,  and  6th  true  ribs.  This  muscle  de- 
presses the  ribs  and  contributes  to  expiration. 

TKIBAS,  (F.)  Tribade,  from  TpilSw,  'I  rub.' 
Frictrix,  Frica' trix,  Futu'tor,  Mas'cula,  Snhagi- 
ta'trix,  Suhiga'tor.  A  female  whose  clitoris  is  so 
large  as  to  cause  her  to  be  regarded  as  an  herma- 
phrodite. One  who  acts  as  a  male  with  another 
female. 

TRIBULI  AQUATICI,  see  Trapa  natans. 

TRIBUTUM  LUNARE,  Menses  — t.  Men- 
struum, Menses. 

TRIC^,  Plica^t.  Incuborum,  Plica— t.  Scro- 
forum,  Plica. 

TRICAGO,  Teucrium  chamasdrys. 

TRICAUDALIS,  Retrahens  auris. 

TRICEPS,  from  tris  for  tres,  'three,'  and  caput, 
'  head.'  A  name  given  to  muscles  that  have  three 
fleshy  bundles  at  one  of  their  extremities. 

Triceps  Adduc'tor  Fem'oris.  Under  this 
appellation  are  comprehended  three  distinct  mus- 
cles ;  Adductor  brevis,  A.  longus,  and  A.  w.agnus. 

Triceps  Atjris,  Retrahens  auris — t.  Brachialis, 
Triceps  extensor  cubiti. 

Triceps  Cruris,  Femora'Us,  (F.)  Trifemoro- 
roiuUen  (Ch.,)  Crural,  Trifemoro-tibi -rotulien, 
Trieejjs  crural,  T.  de  la  cicisse,  is  situate  at  the 
anterior,  inner,  and  outer  part  of  the  thigh.  It 
is  formed  of  three  bundles  at  its  superior  extre- 
mity, viz.  1.  A  middle  fasciculus  (the  crura'lis  of 
most  anatomists.)  2.  An  external  fasciculus  (the 
vastus  e.rfermis)  and  3.  An  inner  fasciculus  (the 
vastus  hiternus.)  It  is  attached,  above,  to  the 
anterior,  inner,  and  outer  surfaces  of  the  femur, 
and  to  the  two  edges  of  the  linea  aspera,  from 
the  base  of  the  trochanter  to  within  four  fingers' 
breadth  of  the  knee.  Below,  it  terminates  by  a 
large  tendon,  which  is  attached  to  the  base  and 
edges  of  the  patella,  as  well  as  to  the  inner  and 
outer  tuberosities  of  the  tibia.  The  triceps  ex- 
tends the  leg  on  the  thigh,  and  conversely. 

TRICEPS  DE  LA  CUISSE,  Triceps  cruris— 
t.  Crural,  Triceps  cruris. 

Triceps  E:iTEN'sOR  Cu'biti,  Triceps  hrachia'- 
lis,  (F.)  Scapulo-humero-olecranien  (Ch.),  Triceps 
brachial.  This  muscle,  which  occupies  all  the 
posterior  part  of  the  os  humeri,  is  described  as 
two  muscles  by  Douglas,  and  as  three  by  Wins- 
low.  It  arises  by  three  heads.  The  first  or  long 
head,  —  long  Jiead  of  the  biceps  externus  of  Doug- 
las, Anconeus  major  of  Winslow, — arises  from  the 
anterior  extremity  of  the  inferior  costa  of  the 
scapula,  near  its  neck,  and  below  the  origin  of 
the  teres  minor  The  second  head,  or  short  head 
of  the  biceps  externus  of  Douglas,  Anconeus  exter- 
nus of  Winslow,  arises  from  the  upper  and  outer 
part  of  the  os  humeri,  at  the  base  of  the  great 
tuberosity;  and  the  third  head,  —  Brachialis  ex- 
ternus of  Douglas,  Anconeus  internus  of  Winslow, 
—  the  shortest  of  the  three,  arises  from  the  back 
part  of  the  os  humeri,  behind  the  flat  tendon  of 
the  latissimus  dorsi.  These  three  portions  unite 
about  the  middle  of  the  arm,  so  as  to  form  one 
ihick  and  powerful  muscle,  which  is  inserted  at 
the  upper  part  of  the  olecranon.  It  extends  the 
forearm  on  the  arm,  and  conversely. 

TaiCEPS  Magnus,  Adductor  magnus — t.  Minor, 


Adductor  longus  femoris — t.  Secundus,  Adductor 
brevis. 

TRICH/E  INCUBORUM,  Plica. 

TRICHANGIECTA'SIA,  Angidiecta'sia,  Tri- 
chocirsus,  from  -S-fnl,  Tpi')(os,  'a  hair,'  ayyfiov,  'a 
vessel,'  and  tKracis,  'dilatation.'  Morbid  dilata- 
tion of  the  capillary  vessels. 

TRICHAUX'E;  from  ^pi^,  rpixoi,  'hair,' and 
avi,rj,  'increase.'  Increase  in  the  quantity  and 
size  of  the  hair,  without  change  of  texture. 

TRICHERA  ARVENSIS,  Scabiosa. 

TRICHIA,  Entropion. 

TRICHI'ASIS,  Trichio'sis,  Tricho'sis,  from 
&/)i|^,  Tp(;^os,  'hair.'  Morbus pila'ris.  This  name 
has  been  given  to  several  aflections.  1.  To  a  dis- 
ease of  the  kidneys  or  bladder,  in  which  filament- 
ous substances,  resembling  hairs,  arc  passed  in 
the  urine.  This  is  also  called  Pilimic'tio,  It 
must  be  regarded  as  a  variety  of  Catar'rhvs 
vesi'cce.  2.  To  a  painful  swelling  of  the  breasts, 
in  child-bed  women,  when  the  milk  is  excreted 
with  difficulty:  —  a  disease  attributed,  by  Aris- 
totle, to  a  hair  swallowed  by  accident  and  carried 
to  the  breasts  through  the  circulation ;  and  3dly, 
To  inversion  of  the  eye-lashes.     See  Entropion. 

TRICHIASIS  LACTEA,  Infarctus  mammae 
lacteus. 

TRICHILTA,  Cathartics. 

TRICHI'NA  SPIRA'LIS.  Same  etymon.  A 
small  species  of  entozoa  discovered  in  the  muscles 
of  voluntary  motion.  Trichinae  consist  of  very 
minute  cysts,  of  an  oblong  figure,  having  consi- 
derable resemblance,  in  size  and  colour,  to  young 
pediculi,  and  are  somewhat  allied  to  the  eels 
found  in  paste  and  vinegar.  No  symptoms  have 
as  yet  been  observed  to  be  pathognomonic  of  their 
presence. 

TRICHIOSIS,  Trichiasis  — t.  Distrix,  DIstrix. 

TRICHIS'MUS.  Same  etymon.  Capilla'tio, 
Fissu'ra  pila'ris.  A  capillary  fracture,  fissure, 
or  crack. 

TRICHIURIA,  Trichocephalus. 

TRICHOCEPH'ALUS,  Trichoceph' alus  dis- 
par :  from  Spt^,  rpixoS;  'a  hair,'  and  KS(l>aXn, 
'head.'  TricJiti'ris,  Trichur is  vulgaris,  Triclinris 
intestina'lis,  As'curis  trichu'ria,  Trichiu'ria,  Tri- 
chocephalus hom'inis,  3fastigo'des  hominis.  Long 
thread-ioorm.  A  worm,  from  an  inch  and  a  half 
to  two  inches  long;  the  head  acute;  the  body 
spirally  involuted  in  the  male,  almost  straight  in 
the  female.  The  trichocejjhalus  dispar  generally 
inhabits  the  ctecum  and  colon,  and  is  rarely  met 
with  in  the  small  intestines.  It  gives  rise  to  no 
peculiar  symptoms,  and  requii-es  the  usual  an- 
thelmintic treatment. 

TRICHOCIRSUS,  Trichnngiectasia. 

TRICHOLABIS,  Madisterium. 

TRICHOLABIUM,  Madisterium. 

TRICHOLOGIA,  Carphologia. 

TRICHOMA,  Capillamentum,  Plica. 

TRICHOMANES,  Asplenium  trichomanoides 
— t.  Crenata,  Asplenium  trichomanoides. 

TRICHOMATION,  Capillamentum. 

TRICHOMATOSE  HAIR,  Plica. 

TRICHOM'ONAS,  Trichom'onad ,-  from  0/)i|, 
rpixoSy  'a  hair,'  and  jxovag,  /tofuiog,  'unity.'  An 
animalcule  found  by  by  M.  DonnS  in  the  mucus 
of  the  vagina,  where  cleanliness  has  not  been  at- 
tended to,  and  to  which  he  has  given  the  name 
Trirhom'onas  vagina' lis.  By  some  it  is  considered 
to  be  nothing  more  than  separated  ciliated  epi- 
thelium from  the  uterus. 

TRICHON'OSUS,  from  -Vs^.  ^P'X"'^'  'liair,'  and 
vocoi,  'disease.'     A  disease  of  the  hair. 

TKICHOPHY'IA,    Trichophi/t'ica,  from  Spi^ 


TRICHOPHYTON 


871 


TRISMUS 


tpixoi,  'liair,'  and  (pvciv,  'to  grow.  E.emedies 
that  promote  the  growth  of  the  hair. 

TRICHOPHYTON  TONSURANS,  see  Porrigo 
deoalvans. 

TRICHOSCHISIS,  Schizatrichia. 

TRICHO'SIS,  Pila're  malum;  from  Spif,  rpt- 
Xo?,  '  hail".'  Morbid  organization  or  deficiency 
of  hair.     A  genus  in  the  system  of  Good. 

Trichosis,  Entropion,  Trichiasis  —  t.  Area, 
Porrigo  decalvans  —  t.  Athrix,  Alopecia  —  t.  Dis- 
trix,  Distrix — t.  Furfuracea,  Porrigo  furfurans  — 
t.  Hirsuties,  Hirsuties — t.  Plica,  Plica — t.  Polio- 
sis, Poliosis — t.  Setosa,  Hystriciasis. 

TRICHOTON,  Scalp. 

TRICHURIS,  Trichocephalus. 

TRICLISPERMA  GRANDIFLORA,  Polygala 
paucifolia. 

TRICUS'PID,  Tnciis'pis,  Tricuspida'lis,  Tri- 
cuspida'tus,  from  tris  for  tres,  '  three,'  and  cuspis, 
'a  point.'     That  which  has  three  points. 

Tricuspid  Valtes,  VcU'vuIcb  Ti-icus'pides  seu 
tric/Jo' chines  seu  trisul'ccB,  are  three  triangular, 
valvular  duplicatures,  formed  by  the  inner  mem- 
lirane  of  the  right  cavities  of  the  heart,  around 
the  orifice  by  which  the  auricle  communicates 
with  the  ventricle.  The  elongated  and  pointed 
top  of  each  of  these  valves  is  continuous  with  the 
chordae  tendinefe,  which  set  out  from  the  columnifi 
carnes3  of  the  heart.  These  valves  are  depressed 
to  allow  the  blood  to  flow  from  the  auricle  into 
the  ventricle  ;  and  are  raised  to  prevent  its  reflux 
into  the  auricle. 

TRIENS,  Un'cim  qua'tuor.  The  third  part  of 
a  pound.     Four  ounces,  Troy. —  Galen. 

TRIFACIAL,  Trigemini. 

TRIFE3I0R0-R0TULTEN,  Triceps  cruris— 
t.  Tibi-rotidien,  Triceps  cruris. 

TRIFOLIUM  ACETOSUM,  Oxalis  acetosella 

—  t.  Aquaticum,  Menyanthes  trifoliata  —  t.  Au- 
reum,  Hepatica  triloba — t.  Cervinum,  Eupatorium 
cannabinum — t.  Fibrinum,  Menyanthes  trifoliata 
— t.  Hepaticum,  Hepatica  triloba. 

Tripo'lium  Melilo'tds  Ofpicina'lis,  T.  offie"- 
ina'le,  MeJilu'tus  cit'rina,  Melilotus,  Lotus  sylves'- 
tris,  Ser'tula  Compa'na,  Trifo'liuni  cahalli'niivi, 
Coro'na  regia,  Trifolium  odora' turn,  Common 
mel'ilot,  (F.)  ilelilot.  Family,  Leguminosee. 
Sex.  Syst.  Diadelphia  Decandria.  The  infusion 
or  distilled  water  of  this  plant  has  been  employed 
in  cases  of  ophthalmia.  It  has  also  been  used  in 
fomentations,  glj'sters,  &c. 

TRiFOLiUiAi  Officinale,  T.  melilotus  officinalis 

—  t.  Paludosum,  Menyanthes  trifoliata  —  t.  Pa- 
lustre,  Menyanthes  trifoliata. 

TRIGAS'TRIC,  Trigas'tricus,  Triven'ter;  from 
rpui,  'three,'  and  yaarnp,  'belly.'  That  which 
has  three  bellies.  An  epithet  for  muscles  so  cir- 
cumstanced. 

TRIGEM'INI,  Tergem'im,  from  tris,  'three,' 
and  gem'inus,  'double;'  'threefold,'  'triplets.' 
The  fifth  pair  of  nerves,  Par  trigem' iniim,  Nervi 
divi'si,  A^.  gustato'rii,  Nervtis  quintus,  Par  quin- 
tnm  nervorum  cerehra'lium,  N.  tremellus,  N.  mix- 
tus,  A^.  sympathet' icus  me'dius,  A^.  sympath'iciis 
medius,  N.  anon'ymus,  N.  innomina'tus.  Par  trium 
funic'ido'rum,  Trifa'cial,  (F.)  Nerf  gustatif  inno- 
winf,  Nerf  &  trois  cordes,  Nerf  trijumeaii.  This 
Dcrve  arises  below  the  tuber  annulare  by  one 
large  posterior  root  from  the  corpora  restiformia, 
and  by  two  small  anterior  roots  from  the  corpora 
olivaria,  whence,  i>roceeding  forwards  to  the  side 
of  the  sella  Turcica,  the  filaments  composing  the 
large  root  form  a  ganglion  —  the  Gasserian. 
Emerging  from  this  ganglion,  the  filaments,  of 
which  the  large  root  consists,  form,  with  those 
constituting  the  small  roots,  and  which  had  not 


passed  through  the  ganglion,  two  flattened  trunks, 
each  of  which  is  soon  divided  into  three  branches, 
in  such  a  manner,  however,  that  the  first,  or  oph- 
thalmic branch,  and  the  second  or  itpper  maxil- 
lary, are  composed  exclusively  of  the  filaments 
that  arose  from  the  corpora  restiformia  and  passed 
through  the  Gasserian  ganglion ;  whilst  the  third 
or  lower  maxillary  branch  is  composed  in  part  of 
those  filaments,  and  in  part  of  those  that  arose 
from  the  corpora  olivaria,  and  passed  on  one  side 
of  the  ganglion  without  going  through  it.  The 
whole,  therefore,  of  the  first  and  second  branches, 
and  a  part  of  the  third  are  sensiferous  nerves, 
whilst  the  remaining  part  of  the  third — the  man'- 
dncatory  or  mas'ticatory  —  is  wholly  motiferous, 
and  passes  to  the  pterygoid  and  other  muscles 
concerned  in  mastication. 

TRIGONE  CEREBRAL,  Fornix—*.  VSsical, 
see  Urinary  Bladder. 

TRIGONEL'LA  F(ENUM,  T.  Fa-'num  Gra'- 
cnm,  Fen'ugreelc,  Foe'nugreeJc,  Fcenum  Gra'cum, 
Bu'ceras,  B.  Fcenum  Gra'cum,  Carphos,  jEgoc"- 
eras,  (F.)  Fenugrec.  Family,  Leguminosa;.  Sex. 
Syst.  Diadelphia  Decandria.  A  native  of  the 
south  of  France.  The  seeds  have  a  strong,  dis- 
agreeable smell,  and  an  unctuous,  farinaceous 
taste  ;  accompanied  by  a  slight  bitterness.  They 
are  chieflv  used  in  poultices. 

TRIGONOS,  Triangular. 

TRIGONUS  VESICA,  see  Urinary  bladder— 
t.  Lieutaudi,  see  Urinary  bladder, 

TRTJUMEA  UX,  Trigemini. 

TRIL'LIUM  LATIFO'LIUM,  Broadleaf 
Bethroot,  Bethroot,  Rattlesnake  root,  Wakerobinf 
Coughroot,  Indian  Balm,  Ground  Lily,  Jeios'  Harp, 
Indian  Shamrock,  Pariswort,  Truelove.  Sex- 
Syst.  Hexandria  Trigynia.  A  plant  peculiar  to 
North  America,  which  blossoms  in  the  spring. 
The  root  is  astringent. 

There  are  many  species  of  Trillium,  all  of  which 
possess  the  same  properties. 

TRIOCEPHALIA,  Aprosopia. 

TRIOR'CHIS,  from  rpaj,  'three,'  and  opxis, 
'  a  testicle.'     One  who  has  three  testicles. 

TRIOSTEOSPERMUM,  Triosteum. 

TRIOS'TEUM,  T.  Perfolia'tum  seu  majus,  Tri- 
osteosper'mum.  Bastard  Ipecacuan'ha,  Fever  Roof, 
Fevericort,  Tinker's  iceed,  Horse  ginseng,  Ipecac., 
Wild  Coffee,  White  ginseng,  Gen'tian,  White  Gen- 
tian, Sweet  Bitter.  In  very  large  doses,  the  bark 
of  the  root  proves  emetic.  It  is  a  good  cathartic, 
in  doses  of  twenty  or  thirty  grains.  It  sometimes 
operates  as  a  diuretic. 

TRIPE  BE  ROCHE.  Difi"erent  lichens  of  the 
species  Gyrophora,  inhabiting  the  arctic  regions 
of  America,  bear  this  name.  ,  They  are  eaten  as 
food  by  the  hunters. 

TRIPHAR'MACUM,  rpi<pappiaKov.  A  medicine 
composed  of  three  ingredients. 

TRIPLET,  from  triplex,  '  triple.'  One  of  threR 
children  born  at  the  same  accouchement  or  ges- 
tation. Also,  relating  to  triplets  —  as  a  ^triplet 
conception.' 

Triplet  Monsters,  Monstra  trip'lica  seu  tri- 
gem'ina,  are  such  as  have  parts  of  the  body  tripled. 
They  are  rare. 

TRIPSIS,  Contusio,  Trituration. 

TRIPUDIATIO  SPASTICA,  Chorea. 

TRIQUETRUM,  (OS,)  Cuneiform  (bone.) 

TRISIS,  Brygmus. 

TRISMUS,  from  Tpifu,  'I  gnash.'  Enta'iU 
Trismus,  Capis'trum,  Tonos  Trismus,  Locked  Jaw, 
Spasmus  seu  Rigor  seu  Tet'anus  maxill'cB  infe- 
rio'ris,  Gnathosjms'nnis,  Stomatospas'mus,  (F.) 
3Ial  de  Ilachoire.  Spastic  closure  of  the  under 
jaw;  a  partial  tetanus.     Culleu  wakes  two  T»- 


TRISPERMUM 


872 


TROCHANTINIAK 


rieties — T.  nascen'tium,  T.  neonafo'nim,  Nhieday 
Jits,  (F.)  Sarrete,  attacking  infants  during  two 
weeks  from  birth;  and  T.  traumaticus,  originating 
from  a  wound. 

Trismus  Capistratus,  Bredissure — t.  Catarrh- 
alis  maxillaris,  Neuralgia  maxillaris — t.  Clonicus, 
Neuralgia  faciei — t.  Cynicus,  see  Canine  laugh — 
t.  Diastrophe  Sauvagesii,  Paralysis,  Bell's  —  t. 
Dolorificus,  Neuralgia  faciei — t.  Maxillaris,  Neu- 
ralgia faciei  —  t.  Nascentium,  see  Trismus  —  t. 
Neonatorum^  see  Trismus  —  t.  Sardonicus,  Risus 
sardonicus. 

TRISPER'MUM,  from  rp^g,  'three,'  and  <777fp- 
fta,  'a  grain  or  seed.'  A  cataplasm,  consisting 
of  three  seeds, — cumin,  lay,  and  fsmallage.  Gor- 
roeus. 

TRISPLANCHIA,  Cholera. 

TRISPLANCH'NIC,  Tri82Dlanch'mcus ;  from 
rp'ug,  'three,'  and  <jT:\ayxvov,  'viscus.'  That  which 
relates  to  three  orders  of  viscera. 

TniSPLANCHNic  Nekve,  Great  sympatliet'ic,  In- 
tereos'tal,  Ganglion'io  nerve,  Nerve  of  orgnn'ic 
life,  Ver'tehral  nerve;  —  named  by  Bichat  the 
organic  nervous  system,  in  opposition  to  the  other 
nervous  parts,  called  the  animal  nervous  system. 
Gall  terms  it,  the  nervous  system  of  the  automat'ic 
functions.  It  has  also  been  called  the  organic 
nervous  system.,  and  ganglionic  nervous  system.  It 
is  called  IVisplanchnie,  because  it  distributes  its 
branches  to  the  organs  in  the  three  great  splanch- 
nic cavities  —  the  head,  chest  and  abdomen.  It 
is  composed  of  a  series  of  ganglia,  united  by  in- 
termediate branches,  and  passing  along  the  side 
of  the  spine  to  the  lowest  part  of  the  trunk; 
communicating,  by  a  branch,  with  each  of  the 
thirty  pairs  of  spinal  nerves  and  several  of  the 
cerebral  nerves ;  and  detaching  nerves  from  its 
several  ganglia,  which  accompany  the  arteries, 
and  are  distributed,  particularly,  to  the  organs 
of  involuntary  functions.  At  its  upper  part,  it  is 
concealed  in  the  canalis  caroticus  and  cavernous 
sinus,  and  is  joined  there  by  a  branch  of  the  6th 
pair  of  nerves,  and  by  a  twig  from  the  Vidian 
nerve  of  the  5th  pair.  In  passing  down  by  the 
side  of  the  spine,  it  forms  three  ganglia  in  the 
neck: — the  superior,  middle,  (thyroid  ganglion,) 
and  inferior,  (ver'tehral  ganglion);  12  in  the  back 
—  the  thoracic;  5  in  the  loins — the  lumbar;  and 
three  or  four  sacral.  When  it  reaches  the  coccyx 
it  unites  with  its  fellow  from  the  opposite  side, 
forming  a  small  ganglion  —  the  coccygeal,  Gan'- 
glion  impar,  az'ygous  gan'glion,  Meckel  divides 
it  into  two  portions  —  1.  The  central  ganglions  or 
central  part,  composed  of  the  numerous  gangli- 
onic plexuses  in  the  abdomen;  the  centre  of  which 
is  the  semilunar  and  solar  plexuses.  2.  The  ex- 
ternal ganglions,  Limitrophes  or  external  part, 
which  comprise  the  series  of  ganglions  situate  at 
the  sides  of  the  spine,  from  the  base  of  the  cra- 
nium to  the  sacrum.  The  great  sympathetic 
seems  to  form  a  distinct  nervous  system,  destined 
for  the  organs  of  involuntary  motion  ;  for  although 
communicating  with  both  brain  and  spinal  mar- 
row, it  does  not  seem  to  be  immediately  under 
the  influence  of  either. 

TRISPLANCHNITIS,  Cholera,  (spasmodic.) 

TRISSAGO,  Teucrium  chamsedrys — t.  Palus- 
tris,  Teucrium  scordium. 

TRISTEMANIA,  Melaneholj-. 

TRISTERN'AL.  Beclard  has  given  this  name 
to  the  third  bony  portion  of  the  sternum  ;  —  that 
which  corresponds  to  the  third  intercostal  space. 

TRISTITIA,  Athvmia,  Mceror. 

TRITiEOPHYA  AMERICANA,  Fever,  yel- 
low. 

TRIT^OPH'YES.  Tritceoph'ya,  from  rpirmog, 
'tertian,'  and  ipvw,  'I  originate.'  A  fever,  whose 
tvpe  approaches  the  tertian.     Sauvages  gave  the 


name  Tritaeophya  Vratislavien'sis,  to  an  epidemic, 
which  broke  out  in  the  Prussian  army  at  Breslaw, 
in  the  middle  of  the  last  century.  » 

TRITiEUS,  Tertian  fever. 

TRIT'ICUM  iESTI'VUM,  T.  cerea'le  seu  Ce- 
vallos  seu  compac'tum  seu  erina'ceum  seu  Gaerl 
neria'num  seu  Linncea'nuni  sevi pruino'suw,  '  Sum- 
mer wheat;'  and  Trit'icum  Hybern'um  sen  glau- 
cum  seu  Ilu'ticum  seu  Sic'ulum,  Winter  loheat,  (F.) 
Froment.  Family,  Gramineae.  Sex.  Syst.  Tri- 
andria  Digynia.  From  these  plants  ourwheaten 
flour  is  obtained,  by  grinding  the  seeds  —  Wheat, 
Pyrus,  Frumen' turn — and  to  them  we  are  indebted 
for  our  bread  and  pastry.  The  nutritive  proper- 
ties of  wheaten  flour  are  so  well  known  as  not 
to  need  comment. 

Bread,  (F.)  Pain,  mixed  with  milk,  constitutes 
the  ordinary  emollient  poultice; — and  the  crumbs 
of  bread,  Micm  panis,  are  a  common  excipient 
for  pills  and  boluses. 

Triticum  Arvense,  T.  repens  —  t.  Cereale,  T. 
aestivum  —  t.  Cevallos,  T.  testivum  —  t.  Com- 
pactum,  T.  sestivum  —  t.  Faginum,  Polygonum 
fagopyrum  —  t.  Gaertnerianum,  T.  asstivum  —  t. 
Glaucum,  T.  hybernum,  and  T.  repens — t.  Hyber- 
num,  see  T.  sestivum — t.  Muticum,  T.  hybernum 
— t.  Linnaeanum,  T.  eestivum — t.  Pruinosum,  T. 
sestivum. 

Trit'icum  Repens,  T.  arven'se  seu  glaucum, 
Agrnp'yrum  Imvis' simum,  Bromus  glaber,  Gra^nen 
cani'num,  Gramen  dioscor'idis,  G.  repens,  Lolia'- 
ceum  radi'ce  repen'te.  Bog- grass.  Couch-grass, 
Quickens,  (F.)  Chiendent.  The  roots  are  sweet, 
and  possess  aperient  properties.  They  are  said, 
also,  to  be  diuretic. 

Triticum  Siculum,  T.  hybernum. 

TRITIO,  Contritio,  Trituration. 

TRITON  PALUSTRIS,  see  Ectozoa. 

TRITURA,  Contritio. 

TRITURA'TION,  Tritura'tio,_  Tritu'ra,  Tritus, 
Tri'tio,  Tri2}sis,  from  terere,  tritum,  '  to  bruise.' 
The  act  of  reducing  a  substance  to  powder. 

Trituration,  Contritio. 

TRITUS,  Contritio,  Trituration. 

TRIVELIN,  see  Liver. 

TRIVENTER,  Trigastric. 

TROCAR,  Trochar,  Acus  paracent'ica  sen  2hi~ 
racentet'ica,  A.  triq'uetra  vidga'ris,  Paracenti'- 
cion,  Paracentcte'rion.  Corrupted  from  the  (F.) 
Troisquarts  or  Trocart,  'three  quarters;'  so  called 
from  the  triangular  shape  of  the  point — Triq'uet- 
rum.  An  instrument  used  for  evacuating  fluids 
from  cavities,  particularly  in  ascites,  hydrocele, 
&c.  A  trocar  consists  of  a  perforator  or  stylet 
and  a  cannula,  which  is  so  adapted  to  the  per- 
forator, that,  when  the  pcacture  is  made,  both 
enter  the  wound  with  facility;  after  which,  the 
stylet  being  withdrawn,  the  cannula  remains  in 
the  wound  and  affords  the  fluid  a  ready  passage 
outwards. 

TROCART,  Trocar. 

TROCH,  Troehiscos. 

TROCHAN'TBR,  Trol-anter,  Rota'tor,  from 
rpo^aw,  'I  turn.'  Anatomists  have  given  the 
names  great  and  little  trochanter  to  two  processes 
at  the  upper  extremity  of  the  femur.  The  great 
trochan'ter,  glutus,  is  the  one  on  the  outside ;  the 
less  is  lower  down  and  more  internally.  Both 
afford  attachment  to  rotator  muscles  of  the  thigh, 
and  hence  their  name.  Chaussier,  by  th''  v-ord 
trochanter,  means  the  larger  proceaa,  the  smaller 
he  calls  trochanfin. 

TROCHANTER'IAN,  Trochcjderia'nus,  Tro. 
kanter'ian.  That  which  belorgt  or  relates  to  tbo 
great  trochanter. —  Chaussier- 

TROCHANTIN'IAN,  Trolrantin'ian,  Trochan^ 
tinia'nus.  That  which  belongs  or  relates  to  thf 
trochautin  or  lesser  trochanter. 


TROCHAR 


873 


TROMOPARANCEA 


TROCHAR,  Trocar. 

TROCHES  OF  CARBONATE  OF  LIME, 
Trochisci  carbonatis  calcis  —  t.  of  Chalk,  Tro- 
chisoi  carbonatis  calcis — t.  Escharotic,  Trochisci 
escharotici  —  t.  Gum,  Trochisci  gummosi  —  t.  of 
Ipecacuanha,  Trochisci  ipecaeuanhse  —  t.  Liquo- 
rice, Trochisci  glycyrrhizee  —  t.  Liquorice,  with 
opium,  Trochisci  glj^cyrrhizaD  cum  opio  —  t.  of 
Magnesia.,  Trochisci  magnesipe  —  t.  Nitre,  Tro- 
chisci nitratis  potassse  —  t.  of  Peppermint,  Tro- 
chisci menthaj  piperitse. 

TROCHIA,  Orbit. 

TROCHILIA,  Trochlea. 

TROCHIjST,  from  rpoxsi-v,  'to  turn.'  Chaussier 
has  given  this  name  to  the  smaller  of  the  tubero- 
sities at  the  upper  extremity  of  the  os  humeri ; 
because  it  gives  attachment  to  one  of  the  rotator 
muscles  of  the  arm, —  the  subscapularis. 

TROCHIN'IAN,  TrocMnia'nus.  That  which 
belongs  or  relates  to  the  trochin. 

TROCHIS'CUS,  PJitJwis,  Artis'cus,  ColUx,  Co- 
Ux,  PhtJiois'eon,  Rot'ula,  CijcUs'mos,  diminutive 
of  rpo^o?,  'a  ■wheel.'  A  troch,  or  round  table,  (F.) 
Trochisque.  See  Pastil,  and  Tabella.  A  solid 
medicine,  prepared  of  powders,  incorporated  by 
means  of  mucilage,  crumb  of  bread,  juices  of 
plants,  &o.  In  French  nomenclature,  the  tro- 
cMsqne  differs  from  the  tahlette, — the  former  con- 
taining no  sugar.  This  form  of  preparation  is 
adapted  for  the  purpose  of  allowing  the  medicines 
of  which  the  troch  is  composed  to  dissolve  slowly 
in  the  mouth,  and  to  pass  gradually  into  the 
Etomach. 

The  Parisian  Codex  has  two  formulee  for  troches 
for  external  use. 

Trochisci  Bechici  Njgri,  T.  glycyrrhizse 
glabrse. 

Trochisci  Carbojta'tis  Calcis,  Troches  of 
Gar'honate  of  lime,  T.  of  chalk,  Tabellce  ad  ardo'- 
rem  ventric'uli,  Lozenrjes  for  the  hearthurn,  Ta- 
hel'loB  cardial' giccB,  T.  ad  sodam,  Trochis'ci  e 
cretd,  T.  cretcB  (Ph.  U.  S.)  {Cret.  ppt.  §iv; 
acacim,  in  pulv.  gj  ;  wyrist.  in  pulv.  ^j  ;  sacch. 
in  pulv.  §vj.  M.  Form  into  troches  with  water.) 
Antacid  and  absorbent. 

Trochisci  e  Crbta,  Tr.  carbonatis  calcis  —  t. 
Cretse,  T.  carbonatis  calcis. 

Trochisci  vel  Pastil'li  Emeti'n^  Pectora'- 
LES,  Pectoral  Lozenges  of  Em' etine.  [Sugar,  ^iv; 
emetijie,  32  grains.  Form  into  lozenges  of  nine 
grains  each.)     One  is  a  dose. 

Trochisci  Escharot'ici,  Escharot'ie  Troches. 
(Ilydrarrf.  oxi/mur.  p.  8;  amyli,  p.  16;  mucilag. 
y.  tragac.  q.  s.  Make  into  troches,  to  which  a 
few  drops  of  laudanum  may  be  added.  —  Ph.  P.) 
Used  in  foul  ulcers,  to  remove  excrescences,  ifcc. 

Trochisci  Escharot'ici  de  Min'io.  [Oxyd. 
•plumhi.  rubr.  p.  16;  hydrarg.  oxym^ir.  p.  32  ,•  mic. 
panis,  p.  128;  aq.  roscB,  q.  s.  —  Ph.  P.)  Used 
like  the  last. 

Trochisci  Glycyrri'z^  Glabra,  Liq'uorice 
troches,  Black  pectoral  lozenges,  Trochis'ci  bech'ici 
nigri.  [Ext.  glyc.  glabr.,  gum.  acac.  aa  p.  j  ;  sacch. 
purif  p.  ij.  Dissolve  in  warm  water;  strain; 
evaporate,  and  form  into  troches. —  Ph.  E.)  De- 
mulcent.    To  allay  cough. 

Trochisci  Glycyrrhi'z^  cuji  O'pio,  T.  G.  et 
opii  (Ph.  U.  S.),  Trochisci  Theba'ici,  T.  sedati'- 
vo-balsam'ici,  T.  pectora' les  regis  Dano' rum,  Li- 
quorice Troches  with  Opium,  Wistar'a  Lozenges. 
I  Opii,  in  pulv.  ^ss;  ext.  glycyrrhiz.  in  pulv., 
sacchar.  in  pulv.,  acacicB,  in  pulv.,  aa  §x;  ol. 
anisi,  f^j.  Make  into  troches. — Ph.  U.  S.)  De- 
mulcent and  anodyne. 

Spitta's  Lozenges  for  coryza,  hoarseness,  and 
Bore-throat,  are  composed  as  follows:  —  (Cubeb, 
rece7it.  in  pulv.  ^ij  ;  extract,  glycyrrhiz.  §j  ;  myr- 


oxyl.  5J  j  acaeicB,  ,^iv;  syrup,  q.  s.  ut  fiant  tro- 
chisci gr.  X  singulis. 

Trochisci  Ghmmo'si,  Gum  Troches.  (G.  acac. 
p.  v ;  amyli,  p.  i ;  sacch.  pur.  p.  xij.  Make  up 
the  troches  with  rose-water.  —  Ph.  E.)  De- 
mulcent. 

Trochib'ci  IPECACUAN'HiE,  Troches  of  Ipeca- 
cuanha. {Ipecacuanh.  in  pulv.  5ss  ;  sacchar.  in 
pulv.  §xiv;  marantcB,  in  pulv.  §iv;  mveilag. 
tragacanth.  q.  s.     Make  into  troches. — Ph.  U.  S.) 

Trochisci  Magne'si^e,  Troches  of  Magne'sia. 
{Magnes.  ^iv;  sacchar.  lb  j  ;  myrist.  pulv.  3J  ; 
mucilag.  tragacanth.  q.  s.  Make  into  troches. — ■ 
Ph.  U.  S.)  IJseful  in  acidity  of  the  stomach,  with 
constipation. 

Trochisci  Menth^e  Piperi't^,  Troches  of  Pep- 
permint. (01.  menth.  piperit.  f ^j  >  sacchar.  in 
pulv.  fi)j  ;  mucilag.  tragacanthas,  q.  s.  Make  into 
troches. — Ph.  U.  S.)     Used  as  a  carminative. 

Trochisci  Nitra'tis  Potas's.e,  Nitre  Troches. 
(Nitrat.  potasscB,  p.  j  ;  sacch.  2^u^-  P-  iij-  Make 
into  troches  with  mucilage  of  tragacanth.  —  Ph. 
E.)  In  slight  inflammatory  sore-throat  and  fever. 

Trochisci  Pectorales  Regis  Danoruji,  Tr. 
glycyrrhizae  cum  opio  —  t.  Sedativo-balsamica, 
Tr.  glycyrrhiza3  cum  opio. 

Trochis'ci  SoDyE  Bicarbona'tis,  Troches  of 
Bicar'bonate  af  Soda.  (Sodcs  bicarb.  §iv;  sac- 
char. in  pulv.  Ibj  ;  mucilag.  tragacanth.  q.  s.  To 
be  made  into  a  mass,  and  divided  into  troches, 
each  weighing  ten  grains.  —  Ph.  U.  S.) 

The  Pastilles  de  Vichy,  Pastilles  digestives 
d'Hauterive- Vichy,  Pastil'li  digesti'vi  Darcet'ii, 
composed  of  bicarbonate  of  soda,  oil  of  per- 
permint,  and  sugar,  are  much  used  in  France, 
like  the  Vichy  waters,  in  cardalgia,  gout,  and 
lithiasis. 

Trochisci  Stibiati,  TabellaB  antimoniales 
Kunckelii  —  t.  Thebaici,  T.  glycyrrhizse  cum 
opio. 

TROCHISQUE,  Trochiscos. 

TROCH'ITER,  from  Tfiox""'  '*»  t"™-'  The 
larger  of  the  two  tuberosities  at  the  upper  extre- 
mity of  the  OS  humeri ;  so  called  because  it  affords 
insertion  to  rotator  muscles.  —  Chaussier. 

TROCHITER'IAN,  in  the  language  of  Chaus- 
sier, means  any  thing  belonging  or  relating  to 
the  trochiter. 

TROCH'LEA,  Trochil'ia,  (F.)  TrochUe  ou 
TroJdee.  A  pulley  ;  from  r/jo^aw,  '  I  turn,' — for 
example,  the  articular  surface  at  the  lower  extre- 
mity of  the  OS  humeri ;  so  called  from  its  forming 
a  kind  of  pulley  on  which  the  ulna  moves,  in 
flexion  and  extension  of  the  forearm.  Also,  tho 
cartilaginous  pulley  over  which  the  tendon  of  the 
trochlearis  muscle  passes,  at  the  upper  and  inner 
part  of  the  orbit. 

Trochlea  Labyrinth!,  Cochlea. 

TROCHLEARIS,  Obliquus  superior  oeuli. 

TROCHLEATEUR,  GRAND,  Obliquus  su- 
perior oculi — t.  Petit,  Obliquus  superior  oculi. 

TROOHLEE,  Trochlea. 

TRO'CHOID,  from  rpoxoi,  'awheel,'  and  ei^os, 
'  resemblance.'  Trocho'i'des,  Ax'ea  commissu'ra. 
An  articulation,  in  which  one  bone  turns  upon 
another,  like  a  wheel  upon  its  axle ;  as  the  Atlo- 
'ido-axoid  articidation. 

TROCHOIDES,  Axea  commissura. 

TROENE,  Ligustrum  vulgare. 

TRO  IS  QUARTS,  Trocar. 

TROKANTER,  Trochanter. 

TROKANTERIAN,  Trochanterian, 

TROKANTINIAN,  Trochantinian. 

TROKLEE,  Trochlea. 

TROMOMANIA,  Delirium  tremens. 

TROMOPARANCEA,  Delirium  tremens. 


TROMOS 


sn 


TUBE 


TROMOS,  see  Paralysis  agitans. 

TROMOSPASMUS,  Tremor. 

TB.02IPE,  Tuba,— t.  d'Eiisf ache,  Eustachian 
tube — t.  de  Fallope,  Tuba  Fallopiana — t.  Uterine, 
Tuba  Fallopiana. 

TROMUS,  Tremor. 

TRONC,  Trunk  — «.  Brachial,  Braclyal  artery 
—t.  Basilaire,  Basilary  artery. 

TROPiE'OLUM  MAJUS,  Indian  Cress,  Nas- 
tur'tium  Indicum,  Acrivi'ola,  Flos  sangiiin'etis 
monar'di,  Kastur'tium  Peruvia'num,  Cardamin' - 
dum  majii.s,  Car'do/mum  majus.  Family,  Gerani- 
acess.  Sex.  Syst.  Octandria  Monogynia.  ( E.) 
Cresson  des  Indes,  Cresaon  du  Mexique,  Capucine. 
An  antiscorbutic. 

Trop^'olusi  TuBERo'sTJir,  Ulluco.  A  tuberous 
plant,  cultivated  in  the  Sierra,  Peru.  It  is  smaller 
than  the  potato. 

TROPHALIS,  Colostrum. 

TROPHE,  Aliment,  Cibatio,  Pabulum. 

TROPHI.  Same  etymon  as  Trophy.  In  in- 
sects, the  parts  of  the  mouth  that  are  employed 
in  receiving  and  preparing  the  food. 

TROPH'ICAL,  Troph'icus.  Same  etymon  as 
Trophy.     P^elating  to  nourishment  or  nutrition. 

Troph'ical  Nerves.  The  organic  nerves,  or 
nerves  of  the  sympathetic  system,  have  been 
so  termed,  from  a  belief  that  they  "were  concerned 
in  nutrition. 

TROPHIMOS,  Nutrition. 

TROPHOXEURO'SIS,  from  rpo<pv,  'nourish- 
ment,' and  neurosis.  A  morbid  condition  of  the 
process  of  nutrition  owing  to  diminished  nervous 
influence. 

TROPnON'OSI,  Trojyhonii'si,  from  rf.0^17. 
'nourishment,'  and  vocos,  'a  disease.'  Diseases 
of  nutrition. 

TROPH'T,  Troph'ia,  rpoipr,,  a  suffix  denoting 
'nourishment  or  nutrition  ;'  as  hypertrophy,  '  ex- 
cess of  nourishment  or  nutrition.' 

TROPONU'SI,  Iforhi  irop'iei,  from  rpoTrr/,  the 
solstitial  or  tropical  point  where  the  sun  turns  or 
alters  its  course,  and  vovaos,  'a  disease.'  Dis- 
eases that  prevail  in  the  tropics. 

TROSTER,  see  Spirit. 

TROU,  Foramen — t.  Anovyme,  Foramen  stylo- 
mastoideum — t.  Aveugle  ou  Borgne,  C»cum  fora- 
men—  t.  Borgne  of  the  Medulla  oblongata,  Fora- 
men CEeeum  of  the  medulla  oblongata  —  t.  de 
Botal,  Botal  foramen.  Ovale  foramen — t.  Bechire 
anterieur,  Lacerum  anterius  foramen — t.  Bechire 
postSrieur,  Lacerum  posterius  foramen — t.  Epi- 
iieux,  Spinale  foramen  —  t.  3fentonnier,  Mental 
foramen — t.  Optiqne,  Foramen  oi'jticum  —  t.  Or- 
hitaire  supjerieur.  Foramen  supra-orbitarium  —  t. 
Orbitaire  svperieur,  Orbitar  foramen  superior  — 
t.  Ovale,  Ovale  foramen  —  t.  Bond,  petit,  Spinale 
foramen  —  t.  Sous-orbitaire,  see  Suborbitar  canal 
— t.  Sous  puhien,  Obturatorium  foramen — t.  Sphe- 
no-epineux,  Spinale  foramen  —  t.  Sus-orbitaire, 
Foramen  supra-orbitarium. 

TROUS  CAROTIBIENS,  Carotica  foramina 
—  t.  Condyloid! ens,  Condyloidea  foramina  —  t.  de 
Conjngaison,  Conjugationis  foramina — t.  de  Con- 
jugaison,  see  Vertebrae  —  t.  Olfactifs,  Olfactory 
foramina — (.  Rachidiens,  Spinal  foramina. 

TROUSSE-GALANT,  Cholera  morbus. 

TROUSSEAU,  Fasciculus. 

TR  0  US  SEA  UX  ARRIERE  -  MESENTE- 
RIQUES,  (F.)  A  name  given  by  Winslow  to 
the  nervous  plexus  situate  between  the  two  me- 
senteric plexuses,  of  which  it  is  a  dependence, 
and  which  descends  into  the  pelvis  to  concur  in 
the  formation  of  the  hypogastric  plexus. 

TRUBS,  Lvcopcrdon  tuber. 

TRUCULENTUS,  Homicidal. 

TRUELOVE  Paris,  Trillium  latifolium. 


TRUFFE,  Lycoperdon  tuber. 

TRUFFLE,  Lycoperdon  tuber. 

TRUMBUS,  Thrombus. 

TRUMPET  CREEPER,  Tecoma  radicans— t. 
Flower,  Tecoma  radicans — t.  Weed,  Eupatorium 
purpureum. 

TRUNCUS,  Trunk. 

TRUNK,  Truncns,  (F.)  Tronc.  The  principal 
part  of  the  bodj',  to  which  the  limbs  are  articu- 
lated. The  trunk  has  been  divided  into  three 
parts  :  — a  supjerior,  the  head;  a  middle,  the  tho- 
rax, and  an  inferior,  the  pelvis.  These  three 
regions  contain  the  great  splanchnic  cavities. 
They  are  united  by  a  common  stalk  —  the  verte- 
bral column.  To  the  middle  are  articulated  the 
superior  extremities;  and,  to  the  inferior,  the 
lower  extremities. 

The  trunk  of  an  artery,  vein,  nerve,  or  lym- 
phatic, is  its  largest  part,  which  has  not  yet  given 
off  branches.  It  is,  also,  applied  to  the  parent 
vessel,  after  branches  have  been  sent  off. 

TRUSS,  from  (F.)  trousser,  '  to  tie  up.'  Brache'- 
riiim,  Brachie'rivm,  Brachi'le,  Brachi'rolum, 
Bracheri'olum,  Amma,  Hamma,  Subligac'ulum, 
Subligntu'ra,  (F.)  Brayer.  A  hernial  bandage 
for  keeping  hernia  reduced.  The  ancient  trusses 
were  inelastic.  They  consisted  simply  of  a  pad 
and  strap.  At  the  present  day,  elastic  bandages 
are  alone  employed.  They  possess  the  advantage" 
of  making  an  equable  and  continuous  yjressure  on 
the  aperture  of  the  sac;  and  of  yielding  to  the 
changes  of  form  in  the  abdominal  parietes.  The 
most  important  part  of  these  bandages  is  a  piece 
of  narrow  steel,  fiat,  and  adapted  to  the  shape  of 
the  body.  This  is  the  gjiring,  (F.)  Ressort.  It 
embraces  the  body  on  the  side  affected;  extends 
from  beyond  the  spine,  and  terminates  opposite 
the  ruptured  part,  by  an  iron  plate  to  which  it  is 
riveted.  The  posterior  surface  of  this  plate  is 
furnished  with  a  convex  pad,  (F.)  Pelote,  adapted 
in  shape  and  size  to  the  aperture  which  it  has  to 
close.  The  spring  is  covered  with  leather,  and  its 
inner  surface  is  padded;  a  strap  extends  from  its 
posterior  extremity;  passes  round  the  sound  side, 
and  is  attached  to  the  plate  of  the  pad.  This 
strap  is  pierced  with  numerous  holes,  which  allow 
the  patient  to  tighten  or  slacken  it  at  pleasure. 
Trusses  have  been  variously  constructed;  and 
different  patents  obtained  for  the  modiiications. 
They  all  act  upon  the  above  principle.  Some- 
times they  have  a  double  pad. 

TRYGODES,  Feculent. 

TRYPANON,  Trepan. 

TRYPESIS,  Trepanning. 

TRYPSIS,  Friction. 

TSCHERBET,  Sherbet. 

TSIANA,  Costus. 

TSJAMPACA,  Michelia  champaca. 

TUBA,  Tube— t.  Aristotelica,  Eustachian  tube 
—  t.  Casea,  Tuba,  Fallopiana  —  t.  Uterina,  Tuba 
Fallopiana  —  t.  Vocalis,  Tube,  vocal. 

TUBAL  RESPIRATION,  see  Murmur,  respi- 
ratory. 

TUBE,  Tuba,  Trumpet,  Salpinx,  (F.)  Trompe. 
A  name  given  to  some  parts  which  are  hollow, 
and  have  the  shape  of  a  trumpet. 

Tube,  Alimentary,  Canal,  alimentary  -  -  c. 
Eustachian,  Eustachian  tube. 

Tdbe,  Fallo'pian,  Tuba  Fallopia'na  sou  FaU 
lopii,  Hys'terosalpinx,  Oridvc'tus  mnlie'bris,  Va« 
deferens  mulie'ris.  Tuba  nteri'nn,  T.  cmcci,  Bucttia 
varico'sus  seu  Proces'sus  latera'lis  seu  Mea'ttta 
semina'lis  seu  Me'atns  semina'rius  ii'tcri,  (F.) 
Trompe  de  Fallope,  T.  vterine,  is  a  caual,  floating 
in  the  abdomen,  and  extending  on  each  side  from 
the  superior  angles  of  the  uterus  as  far  as  the 
sides  of  the  brim  of  the  pelvis.  Tliey  are  4  or  5 
inches  long.     Near  the  uterus,  they  are  straight 


TUBER 


875 


TUBEECULUM 


<ind  rery  narrow;  but,  in  their  course,  tliey 
•vriden,  become  tortuous,  and  terminate  by  a  free, 
expanded,  undfim'briated  e.rfrenuti/:  called,  also, 
Folia'ceum  ornamen'tum,  Mor-sus  diab'oli,  In/iin- 
dib'idum  seu  Digitatio'yies  sen  Fim'hria  seu  Vex- 
illcB  tuha'ntm  Fcdlo'pii,  Lacin'im  tuha'rum  Fallo- 
pii,  (F  )  Morceau  fra»f/e,  Pavilion  de  la  trompe, 
Morceau  du  diahle.  Within,  the  tubes  are  hol- 
low and  lined  by  a  mucous  membrane :  the  tis- 
sue exterior  to  which  is  spongy  and  erectile.  The 
use  of  the  Fallopian  tubes  is  to  conduct  the  sperm 
to  the  ovarium,  and  the  fecundated  ovum  back  to 
the  uterus.  They  establish  a  communication 
between  the  cavity  of  the  peritoneum  and  that  of 
the  uterus,  the  abdominal  termination  being 
termed  Os'tium  dbdomina'le ;  the  uterine,  Os'tium 
uteri' num. 

Tube,  Intestinal,  Canal,  alimentary. 

Tube,  (Esophage'al,  Stomach  Tube.  A  long 
elastic  gum  tube,  capable  of  being  passed  into 
the  oesophagus  or  stomach. 

Tube,  Rectal,  Defeca'tion  tube.  An  elastic 
gum  tube,  similar  to  the  last,  which  is  sometimes 
passed  into  the  colon,  to  remove  air  from  that 
intestine,  or  to  enable  enemata  to  be  thrown  up 
into  it. 

Tube,  Stomach,  see  Tube,  oesophageal. 

Tube,  Vocal,  Tuba  voca'lis.  The  part  of  the 
air-passages  above  the  inferior  ligaments  of  the 
larynx,  including  the  passages  through  the  nose 
and  mouth. 

TUBER,  Hump,  Lycoperdon  tuber.  Tubercle 
—  t.  Atlo'ido-occipital,  Rectus  capitis  posticus 
minor  —  t.  Cibarium,  Lycoperdon  tuber. 

Tuber  Cine'reum.  A  grayish  tubercle,  seen 
at  the  base  of  the  brain  behind  the  commissure 
of  the  optic  nerves,  which  is  continuous  with  the 
infandibulum. 

Tueer  Frontale,  Frontal  protuberance  —  t. 
Gulosorum,  Lycoperdon  tuber  —  t.  Gutturosum, 
Bronchocele  —  t.  IscMo-troc'hanterien,  Quadratus 
femoris — -t.  Ischii,  see  Ischiatie — t.  Nigrum,  Ly- 
coperdon tuber — t.  Pellagra,  Pellagra — t.  Tym- 
pani,  Promontory  of  the  tympanum. 

TUBERA  TERR^,  Lycoperdon  tuber. 

TU'BERCLE,  Tubcr'culum,  Tuber,  StrongaV- 
ion,  Stran'f/alis,  Tuber'culotis  depos'it,  a  Kernel, 
(vulg.),  «  Knot  (vulg.),  (F.)  Tubemde.  A  tumour 
in  the  substance  of  organs,  from  the  production 
of  new  matter  :  —  sensation  null ;  growth  slug- 
gish. In  Pathological  Anatomy,  the  term  is 
generally  given  to  a  species  of  degeneration 
which  consists  of  an  opake  matter,  of  a  pale  yel- 
low colour  :  this,  in  its  crude  condition,  has  a 
consistence  analogous  to  that  of  concrete  albu- 
men :  it  subsequently  becomes  soft  and  friable, 
and  gradually  acquires  a  consistence  and  appears 
analogous  to  those  of  pus.  Tubercles  may  be 
developed  in  different  parts  of  the  body  ;  but  they 
are  most  frequently  observed  in  the  lungs  and 
mesentery.  Pulmonary  tubercles,  Pneumophy'- 
tnata,  Tuber'cula  Pulmo'num,  (F.)  Tubercules  jiul- 
tnonaires,  are  the  cause  of  Tuber' cidar  Phthisis. 
Mesenteric  tubercles  are  often  met  with  in  the 
same  affection,  but  particularly  in  Tabes  Mesen- 
terica.  Laennec  classes  tu.bercles  among  the 
accidental  tissues  which  have  no  resemblance  to 
the  natural  tissues,  and  which  never  exist  except 
in  consequence  of  morbid  action.  Others  con- 
sider them  as  a  scrofulous  degeneration.  Brous- 
sais  conceives  that  they  are  produced  exclusively 
by  inflammation  of  the  white  vessels,  whose  ex- 
istence, however,  is  more  than  questionable. 
When  tubercles  in  any  organ  are  few  in  number, 
they  may  pass  to  the  state  of  permanent  indura- 
tion without  danger  to  the  patient ;  but  when 
they  are  very  numerous,  they  usually  cause  se- 
rious mischief.   Br.  Baron  considers  that  they  are 


produced  by  hydatids.  The  morbid  condition 
which  gives  rise  to  the  development  of  tubercles, 
Tuberculiza'tion,  is  termed  Tubercnlo'sis,  3lorhus 
tuberculo' sus,  Strnmosis  seu  Phymato'sis  pidmo~ 
num,  and  Dyscra'sia  Tuberculo'sa.  Tubercles  aro 
seen  of  various  forms, — to  wit,  in  fine  points,  (  (F.) 
Poussiere  tuberculeuse,)  gray  and  yellow  granu- 
lations, miltory  tubercles ;  and  graj'  or  yellow 
tubercular  masses,  softened,  and  cretaceous. 

Tubercle,  Black,  Melanosis. 

TUBERCLES  OF  THE  AREOLA,  see  Mam- 
ma. 

TUBER'CULA  ARAN'TII,  Cor'pora  Arantii, 
Corpna'cula  Aran'tii,  Tubercles  of  Arantius  or 
Aranzi.  Small  eminences  at  the  middle  part  of 
the  convex  edge  of  the  semilunar  valves  of  the 
piilmonary  artery  and  aorta. 

Tubercula  Arthritica,  Calculi,  arthritic  —  t. 
Cerebri,  Encephalophymata — t.  Gonorrhoica,  Go- 
norrhoea impura — t.  Hepatis,  Hepato-stnmosie — • 
t.  Intestinorum,  Enterophymata  —  t.  Nervorum 
nodosa,  Ganglions,  nervous  —  t.  Parva  dura;  ma- 
tris,  Glandul»  Pacchioni  —  t.  Peritonei,  Ccelio- 
phymata  —  t.  Pulmonum,  see  Tubercles,  (of  the 
lungs)  —  t.  Quadrigemina,  Quadrigemina  Tuber- 
cula, 

TUBER'CULAR,  Tuber' culoiis,  Tuberculo' sus, 
Tuber' filiate,  (F.)  Tubercideux.  That  which  re- 
lates to  tubercles,  or  which  is  formed  by  tubercles. 

Tubercular  or  Tuberculous  Constitution 
or  Diathesis,  Phthisio'sis,  is  the  habit  of  body 
which  predisposes  to  tubercular  phthisis  ;  as  Tu- 
berculous Cachex'ia,  Tuberculo'sis,  Jlorbus  tuber- 
cvlo'sus,  Dysera'sia  tuberculo'sa,  is  the  condition 
of  one  labouring  under  tuberculosis. 

Tubercular  Matter.  A  morbid  production, 
contained  in  cysts,  or  loose  in  the  tissue  of  or- 
gans. It-  varies,  in  its  consistence,  at  the  differ- 
ent periods  of  the  tubercular  affection:  being,  at 
first,  compact,  and  yellowish ;  at  times,  calca- 
reous; afterwards  pultaceous,  semi-fluid,  and 
curdy.     See  Tubercle. 

Tubercular  Phthisis,  is  that  produced  by 
the  development  of  tubercles  in  the  lungs. 

Tubercular  Sore  Throat,  Pharyngitis,  folli- 
cular. 

TUBERCULATE,  Tubercular. 

Tdberculate  Sarco'ma  of  Ab'ernetht,  Em- 
]:>hy'ma  Sarcoma  tuhercido'sum,  Tumor  tubercu- 
losus.  Tubercles,  firm,  round,  and  clustering; 
pea-sized  or  bean-sized ;  yellowish  or  brownisli- 
red ;  when  large,  disposed  to  ulcerate,  and  pro- 
duce a  painful,  malignant,  and  often  fatal  sore. 
Found  chiefly  in  the  lymphatic  glands  of  the 
neck  ;  often,  simultaneously,  in  other  glands  and 
organs. 

TUBERCULATED  LIVER,  Cirrhosis. 

TVBERCULE,  Tubercle. 

TUBERCULES  EES  GL ANDES  LYM- 
PRATIQUES,  Scrofula—*,  du  Foie,  Hejmtostru- 
mosie — t.  des  Ganglions  mesenteriques,  Tabes  me- 
senterica — t.  of  the  Larynx  and  Fauces,  Pharyn- 
gitis, follicular — t.  Miliary,  see  Granulation  —  t. 
Pisiformes,  Mamillary  tubercles — t.  Pulmonaires, 
see  Tubercle  —  t.  Quadrijumeaux,  Quadrigemina 
corpora. 

TVBERCULEUX,  Tubercular. 

TUBERCULIZATION,  see  Tubercle. 

TUBERCULOSIS,  see  Tubercle,  and'Tubercu- 
lar  Cachexia  —  t.  Laryngis  et  Trachese,  Phthisis 
laryngea — t.  Pulmonum,  Phthisis  pulmonalis  — 
t.  Vertebrarum,  Vertebral  disease. 

TUBERCULOSUS,  Tubercular. 

TUBERCULOUS,  Tubercular— t.  Deposit,  Tu. 
bercle  —  t.  Disease  of  the  Lungs,  Phthisis  pul- 
monalis—  t.  Dust,  Poussiere  tuberculeuse. 

TUBER'CULUM  CINE'REUM,  'Ash-co 
loured  tubercle,'  diminutive  of  tubffi' ;   Fauci' flu 


TUBEROSITAS 


876 


TUNICA 


eine'rea.  A  mass  of  cineritious  substance  at  the 
top  of  the  calamus  scriptorius,  -which  is  continu- 
ous below  with  the  posterior  liorn  of  cineritious 
substance  in  the  cord,  and  upon  the  sides  with 
the  corpus  restiforme. 

TuBBRCULUM  Lacbtmale,  866  Lachrymal 
puncta  —  t.  Loweri,  Lower,  tubercle  of. 

TUBEROSITAS,  Tuberosity  —  t.  Tympani, 
Promontory  of  the  tympanum. 

TUBEROSITE  BICIPITALE,  Bicipital  tu- 
bercle— t.  Seiatique,  see  Ischiatic. 

TUBEROS'ITY,  Tuheros'itas,  from  tuber,  'a 
bump.'  Anatomists  have  given  this  name  to  an 
eminence  or  process,  the  surface  of  which  is  un- 
equal and  rough ;  and  which  gives  attachment  to 
muscles  or  ligaments. 

TUBI  MEMBBANACEI,  see  VUlous  mem- 
branes. 

TU'BULAR,  Tuhila'ris,  (F.)  Tuhulaire.  Same 
etymon  as  the  nest.  Relating  to  or  having  the 
form  of  a  small  tube. 

Tubular  Blowing  Sound,  see  Murmur,  respi- 
ratory— t.  Jfeurine,  see  Neurine — t.  Substance  of 
the  Kidney,  see  Kidney. 

TUBULE,  Tu'bulua;  diminutive  of  Tula.  A 
small  tube. 

TUBULI  BELLINI,  Uriniferous  tubes  — t. 
Duras  matris,  Sinuses  of  the  dura  mater — t.  Ner- 
vei,  Nerve  fibres  —  t.  Pelvis  renum,  see  Calix  — 
t.  Uriniferi  Bellini,  Uriniferous  tubes. 

TUBULUS,  Cannula— t.  Centralis  Modioli, 
see  Traetus  spiralis  foraminulentus. 

TUBUS  ACUSTICUS,  Ear-trumpet  — t.  Ali- 
mentaris,  Canal,  alimentary  —  t.  Intestinorum, 
Canal,  alimentary — t.  Nervorum,  Neurilemma — 
t.  Vermicularis  cseci.  Appendix  vermiformis  caBci. 

TUCKAHO,  Lycoperdon  tuber. 

TUE-CHIEN,  Colchicum  autumnale. 

TULBAG'HIA  ALLIA'CEA.  A  South  Afri- 
can plant,  Nat.  Ord.  Asphodelea3,  the  bulbs  of 
■which,  boiled  in  milk,  are  recommended  in  phthi- 
sis and  as  an  anthelmintic. 

Tulbaghia  cepa'cea  and  T.  viola'eea  serve  the 
same  purpose. 

TULIP  TREE,  Liriodendron. 

TULIPIER,  Liriodendron. 

TULIPIFERA  LIRIODENDRON,  Lirioden- 
dron tulipifera. 

TUMEFACTIO,  Swelling— t.  Mollis,  Puffiness. 

TUMESCENTIA  PITUITOSA,  Leucophleg- 
matia. 

TUMEUIt,  Tumour — t.  Anomale,  see  Ilsema- 
todes  fungus  —  f.  Blanche,  Hydrarthrus  —  t.  Ca- 
verneuse,  see  Hsematodes  fungus  —  t.  Encepha- 
lo'ide,  Encephaloid  —  t.  Erectile,  see  Ha3matodes 
fungus — t.  Himorrliagiale  circonscrite,  see  Aneu- 
rism—  t.  Lymphatique  dea  articulations,  Hydrar- 
thrus— t.  Variqueuse,  see  Hsematodes  fungus. 

TUMOR,  Swelling,  Tumour— t.  Albus,  Hydrar- 
thrus— t.  Anomalus,  Haematodes  fungus — t.  Artu- 
um,  Obdormitio — t.  Capitis  Sanguineus,  Cephalae- 
matoma — t.  Carneus,  Sarcoma — t.  Cysticus,  En- 
cystis — t.  Cysticus  serosus.  Hygroma — t.  Fibrosus, 
Tumour,  fibrous — t.Ficosus,  Ficus — t.Flatulentus, 
Emphj'sema — t.  Fugax,  see  Fugacious — t.  Fun- 
gosua  articuli.  Spina  ventosa  —  t.  Fungosus  san- 
guineus, Hsematodes  fungus  —  t.  Gangliformis, 
Ganglion,  nervous  —  t.  Genarum,  Meloncus  —  t. 
Genu  albus,  Genocace  —  t.  Glandulaa  parotideae, 
Parotidoncus  —  t.  Lacteus,  Galactocele  —  t.  Lar- 
deus,  Steatoma — t.  Malarum,  Meloncus — t.  Ova- 
rii, Oarioncus  —  t.  Parotidis,  Parotidoncus  —  t. 
Prostata;,  Prostatoncus — t.  Renalis,  Nephroncus 
•  t  Sanguineus,  Hasmatoma  —  t.  Squamiformis 
carnosus,  Lepidosarcoma  —  t.  Tuberculosus,  Tu- 
berculate  sarcoma  —  t.  Tunicatus,  Encystis  —  t. 
Uteri,  Hysteroncus. 


TUMOUR,  from  tumeo,  'I  swell;'  Tumor,  On. 
cos,  Oncns,  Epar'ma,  Epareis,  Emphy'ma,  Excre- 
scen'tia  (Saxwages,)  Ecphy'ina,  (F.)  Tumeur.  A  ris- 
ing or  prominence,  of  greater  or  less  size,  develop- 
ed by  a  morbific  cause  in  some  part  of  the  body. 
CuUen  defines  a  tumour  to  be  "  a  partial  swelh.ig 
without  inflammation."  Sauvages  restricts  the 
term  to  a  rising  formed  by  the  congestion  of  a 
fluid ;  and  he  calls  excrescences  those  which  have 
a  fleshy  or  osseous  consistence.  Boyer  defines  it 
"  any  preternatural  eminence  developed  on  any 
part  of  the  body."  Good  uses  it  synonymously 
with  tubercle.  Beyer's  is  the  best  general  defi- 
nition. Tumours  differ  greatly  from  each  other  ; 
according  to  their  seat,  the  organs  interested, 
their  nature,  &o. 

The  French  use  the  term  Tumeur  blanche  sy- 
nonymously with  White  Swelling  ; — see  Hydrar- 
thrus. The  term  is,  however,  applied  by  the 
generality  of  surgeons  to  swellings  of  the  greater 
joints,  without  change  of  colour  of  the  skin,  and 
of  a  more  or  less  firm  consistence,  which  are  de- 
pendent upon  disease  of  the  osseous  or  of  the  soft 
parts  about  the  joint. 

Scrofula  is  the  most  common  cause  of  these 
afi"ections. 

Tumour,  Erec'tile.  A  tumour  produced  by 
the  development  of  a  soft,  vascular  tissue,  which 
is  susceptible  of  elevation  and  depression.  See 
Erectile. 

Tumour,  Fibrous,  Fibrous  growth,  Fibro'ma, 
Tumour  Jibro'sus,  Inohylo'ma.  A  tumour  or  growth 
formed  of  fibrous  tissue. 

Tumour,  Laminated,  Nacreous  Fattt,  Cho- 
lesteatoma—  t.  Milk-like,  Encephaloid. 

Tumour,  Var'icose,  Tumor  varico'sus.  A 
circumscribed,  bluish  tumour,  formed  by  the  dila- 
tation and  turgescence  of  the  capillary  vessels  of 
a  part. 

Tumour,  Vascular,  see  Hsemorrhois. 

TUNAS,  see  Cactus  opuntia. 

TUNBRIDGE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OP.  A 
celebrated  acidulous  chalybeate  in  Kent,  England, 
a  few  miles  distant  from  the  village  of  Tunbridge, 
and  thirty-six  miles  south  of  London,  which  is 
much  frequented.  It  contains  carbonic  acid,  car- 
bonate of  iron,  and  sulphate  of  magnesia. 

TUNDA  OCULI,  Conjunctiva  membrana. 

TUNDUS  CORDIS,  Mucro  cordis. 

TUNIC,  Tu'nica,  Chi'ton,  a  coat.  An  enve- 
lope. A  name  given  to  different  membranes, 
which  envelop  organs ;  as  the  tunics  or  coats  of 
the  eye,  stomach,  bladder,  &c. 

TUNICA  ACINALIS,  Uvea  — t.  Aciniformis, 
Uvea  —  t.  Acinosa,  Uvea  —  t.  Adnata.,  Conjunc- 
tiva—  t.  Agnata,  Conjunctiva  —  t.  Alba  oculi, 
Sclerotic  —  t.  Albuginea,  Albuginea  —  t.  Albugi- 
nea  oculi.  Sclerotic  —  t.  Allantoides,  AUantois  — 
t.  Arachnodes,  Arachnoid  membrane — t.  Aranea, 
Arachnoid  membrane  —  t.  Caduca,  Decidua  —  t. 
Candida  oculi.  Sclerotic — t.  Carnosa,  Pannieulus 
carnosus  —  t.  Conjunctiva,  Conjunctiva  —  t.  Cos- 
talis,  Pleura — t.  Crassa,  Decidua — t.  Crystallina, 
Arachnoid  membrane  —  t.  Dura  oculi,  Sclerotic 
—  t.  Durior  et  crassa,  Sclerotic  —  t.  Elytroides, 
Vaginalis  tunica  —  t.  Erythroides,  Cremaster — t. 
Exterior  ovi,  Decidua  —  t.  Extima  oculi,  Sclero- 
tic—  t.  Farciminalis,  AUantois  —  t.  Filamentosa, 
Decidua 

Tunica  Granulo'sa.  An  investment  of  the 
ovum  exterior  to  the  zona  pellucida,  described  by 
Dr.  Barry,  but  the  existence  of  which,  as  a  struc- 
ture, distinct  and  independent  from  the  membrana 
granulosa,  is  denied. 

Tunica  Hortensis,  Dianthus  caryophyllus  — 
t.  Innominata  oculi.  Sclerotic  —  t.  Interna  oculi. 
Retina. 

Tunica  Jaco'bi.      A  highly  delicate  seroBB 


TUNICULA 


877 


TUSSILAGO 


memlirane,  interposed  between  the  retina  and 
the  choroid  coat,  discovered  by  Dr.  Jacob,  of 
Dublin.  Its  structure  is  curious,  being  composed 
of  cylindrical,  transparent,  highly  refractive  staff- 
Bliaped  bodies,  and  hence  called  Stratum  hacilla'- 
tum,  which  are  arranged  perpendicularly  to  the 
surface  of  the  retina,  their  outer  extremities  being 
imbedded,  to  a  greater  or  less  depth,  in  a  layer  of 
the  pigmentum  nigrum. 

TrxicA  McsccLAEis,  Dartos — t.  Nervorum, 
Neurilemma — t.  Perforata,  Uvea  —  t.  Prsetensa 
abdominis,  Peritonasum — t.  Reticularis,  Retina 
—  t.  Retiformis,  Retina  —  t.  Rhagoides,  Choroi- 
dea  tunica,  Uvea — t.  Rubicunda  scroti,  Dartos — 
t.  Rubra,  Dianthus  caryophyllus — t.  Ruyschiana, 
see  Choroid  —  t.  Subeostalis,  Pleura  —  t.  Thora- 
cis, Corset  —  t.  Uvalis,  Uvea  —  t.  Uvea,  Uvea  — 
t.  Uviformis,  Uvea  —  t.  Vaginalis,  see  Vaginal — 
t.  Vaginalis  Lingua,  see  Tongue  —  t.  Vaginalis 
Propria,  Vaginal  coat  of  the  Testicle  —  t.  Vagi- 
nalis reflexa.  Vaginal  coat  of  the  Testicle  —  t. 
Vasculosa  oculi,  Choroid,  see  Eye. 

TuxiCA  Vasculo'sa  Testis,  Pia  mater  testis. 
An  extremely  delicate  membrane,  consisting  of 
minute  ramilications  of  the  spermatic  vessels 
united  by  areolar  tissue,  which  separates  the 
lobules  of  the  testis  from  each  other.  It  is  situ- 
ate immediately  within  the  tunica  albuginea,  and 
encloses  the  substance  of  the  gland.  It  sends 
processes  inward  that  separate  the  lobules,  in  the 
same  manner  as  the  pia  mater  is  reflected  between 
the  convolutions  of  the  brain. 

TcxicA  ViTREA,  Hyaloid  membrane. 

TUXICULA,  Clitoris. 

T UNIQUE  ALBUGINEE,  Albuginea. 

TUXNYFISH,  SALTED,  Omotarichos. 

TUPHLO-EXTERITIS,  Typhlo-enteritis. 

TUPHUS,  Typhus. 

TUPIXARIA,  Talpa. 

TURBA  HEMORRHOID ALIS,  see  Hamor- 
rhois 

TURBATIOXES  AXIMI,  Affections  of  the 
mind. 

T  U  R'B  IX  A  T  E  D  B  0  N  E  S,  Ossa  turlinn'ta. 
Bones  shaped  like  atop;  from  turho  or  turhen, 
'atop.'  Ossa Bjjonffio'ea,  Cornua,  ConchcB  na'riiim, 
Tur'bines  nasi  seu  na'i-ium,  Conchyl'ia,  Bucci'na, 
Lcun'incB  sjmngio'scB  nasi,  Ossa  tertia  maxillcB  sit- 
perio'ris.  Very  thin,  bony  plates,  rolled  np  in 
the  form  of  horns,  and  situate  in  the  nasal  fossa. 
1.  Os  ejMngio' sum  sxtpe'rius  or  Cornet  de  Mor- 
yagni  ; — the  highest.  2.  Os  spongiosum  me' dium, 
the  middle  cornu  of  Erench  anatomists,  —  the 
ethmoid'al  cornu  or  Os  spongiosum  svj)erius,  Os 
turbinatum,  of  English  anatomists,  Os  convolu'- 
turii  superins,  Concha,  C.  na'rium  euperius,  C. 
Morgagnia' na,  (F.)  Cornet  Moyen.  This  bone 
projects  inwards  and  downwards  into  the  cavity 
of  the  nose,  from  the  ethmoid  cells  at  the  side  of 
the  nasal  lamella,  and  serves  to  enlarge  the  organ 
of  smell.  It  is  convex  towards  the  septum,  and 
concave  outwards.  3.  Os  spongiosum  vel  turhi- 
natum  inferius.  Concha  inferior,  Convolu'tum  in- 
ferius  os,  Os  sous-ethmo'idal,  (Ch.),  projects  at  the 
under  part  of  the  side  of  the  nose,  is  convex  to- 
wards the  septum,  and  concave  outwards.  It  is 
connected  to  the  os  maxillare,  os  palati,  and  os 
unguis.     4.  Sphenoid' al  cornu. 

All  the  turbinated  bones  extend  the  olfactory 
surface. 

TURBINES  NASI  seu  NARIUM,  Turbinated 
bones. 

TURBITH  BLANC,  Globularia  alypum  — t. 
Mineral,  Hydrargyrus  vitriolatus  —  t.  Montpel- 
lier,  Globularia  alypum  —  t.  Plant,  Convolvulus 
turpethum. 

TURBO  CEREBRI,  Pineal  gland. 


TURGEXTIA,  Turgescence. 

T  U  R  G  E  S'C  E X  C  E,  Turges'cency,  Turgid.' iiy, 
Tur'gidness,  Turgescen'tia,  Turgen'tia,  Orgas'mns, 
from  turgescere,  '  to  swell.'  Superabundance  of 
humours  in  a  part.  The  term  Turgescence  of 
Bile  was  formerly  used  to  denote  the  passage  of 
that  fluid  into  the  stomach,  and  its  discharge  by 
vomiting.  A  vital  action  of  turgescence  or  ex- 
pansibility—  Turgor  vita'lis — has  been  presumed 
to  exist  in  certain  organs,  as  in  the  capillaries ; 
but  the  generality  of  physiologists  do  not  ad- 
mit it. 

TURGESCEXTIA,  Turgescence. 

Turgescen'tia  Vesic'ul^:  Fell'e^,  Asci'fes 
Hep'ato-cys'ticus,  Physco'nia  bilio'sa,  Hepatal'gia 
Petitia'na,  Cystoce'le  bilio'sa,  Hydrocholecys'tis, 
Hydrops  vesi'ccB  fell'ea,  (F.)  Hydropisie  de  la 
Vesicule  du  Fiel,  Distension  de  la  Vesicule  du 
Fiel,  Cholicystiectaaie.  Distension  of  the  gall- 
bladder by  bile. 

TURGIDITY,  Turgescence. 

TUR6IDXESS,  Turgescence. 

TURGOR  VITALIS,  see  Turgescence. 

TURMERIC,  Curcuma  longa,  Sanguinaria 
Canadensis. 

TURX  OF  LIFE,  see  Menses. 

TURXIXG,  Versio,  V.  foetus,  from  (F.)  tour- 
ner,  'to  turn.'  (F.)  Version.  The  operation  of 
bringing  down  the  feet,  or  some  part  of  the  lower 
extremity,  when  the  presentation  of  the  child  is 
such  that  it  cannot  be  delivered  by  the  natural 
efi"orts. 

TURXIP,  Brassiea  rapa  —  t.  Dragon,  Arum 
triphyllum  —  t.  Indian,  Arum  triphyllum  —  t. 
Pepper,  Arum  triphyllum. 

TURXS,  Menses. 

TURPEXTIXE,  Terebinthina  — t.  Bordeaux, 
see  Pinus  sylvestris  —  t.  Brianjon,  see  Pinua 
cembra  —  t.  Chio,  see  Pistacia  terebinthus  —  t. 
Common,  see  Pinus  sylvestris  —  t.  Common, 
American,  see  Pinus  sylvestris  —  t.  C3'prus,  see 
Pistacia  terebinthus  —  t.  Damarra,  see  Pinus 
damarra — t.  Dombeya,  see  Dombeya  exeelsa — t. 
Horse,  see  Pinus  sylvestris  —  t.  Strasburg,  see 
Pinus  picea  —  t.  Tree,  Pistacia  terebinthus  —  t. 
Venice,  see  Pinus  larix  —  t.  Venice,  true,  see 
Pistacia  terebinthus  —  t.  White,  see  Pinus  syl- 
vestris. 

TURPETHUM,  Convolvulus  turpethum— t 
Minerale,  Hydrargyrus  vitriolatus — t.  Nigrum, 
Hydrargyri  oxydum  cinereum. 

TURQUOISE.  This  stone  has  been  long  im- 
agined to  change  its  colour,  according  as  the 
wearer  is  at  the  time  in  good  or  bad  health  :  — 
a  superstitious  notion. 

TURTLE  BLOOM,  Chelone  glabra— t.  Green, 
Chelonia  mydas  —  t.  Head,  Chelone  glabra. 

TURUXDA,  Tent. 

TURUXDULA,  Tent. 

TUSSACA  RETICULATA,  Goodvera  pubes- 
cens. 

TUSSEDO,  Tussis. 

TUSSICULA,  Tussis. 

TUSSIC'ULAR,  Tussicula'ris,  Tussicido' sus, 
from  tussis,  '  a  cough.'  Relating  to  a  cough,  or 
to  a  slight  cough. 

TUSSICULOSUS,  Tussieular. 

TUSSILA'GO,  T.  Far'fara  seu  vulga'ris.  Be'- 
chium,  Be'chion,  Cal'ceum  equi'num,  Chamceleu'ce, 
Charnagei'von,  Fi'lius  ante  2'>atrem,  Farfarel'la, 
Galliomarchus,  Farfara,  Farfara  Be'chium,  Un'- 
gulacaballi'na,  Coltsfoot,  (F.)  Pas  d'dne.  Family, 
Corymbiferse.  Se.v.  Syst.  Syngenesia  Polygamia 
Superflua.  It  is  demulcent  and  expectorant,  and 
has  been  used  in  coughs,  and  pulmonary  afl^ec- 
tions  in  general,  and  in  some  cutaneous  diseasoa. 

TussiLAGO  Farfara,  Tussilago  —  t.  Hybriua, 
T.  pelasites. 


TUSSIS 


878 


TYMPANUM 


TussiLAGO  Petasi'tes,  T.  hy'hrida  seu  Pe- 
tasires  herina^ihrodita,  Butterbur,  Pestilent-wort, 
Pefanites,  Petasites  major  seu  ruhena  seu  offici- 
na'lis  seu  hy'bridv.i  seu  vulga'ris.  The  roots  of 
this  plant  have  boen  recommended  as  aperient 
and  alesipharmic.  —  They  have  a  strong  smell; 
and  a  bitterish,  a  ^rid  taste,  of  the  aromatic  kind, 
Lut  not  agreeable. 

Tdssilago  Petasites  Hermaphrodita,  T. 
petasites  —  t.  Vulgaris,  Tussilago. 

TUSSIS  —  diminutive,  Tussic'ula  ;  Cough, 
Coughing,  Begnia,  Bex,  Tusse'do,  Bexis,  Tiwsia 
tiervo'sa,  Catar'rhus,  Piieusis  Tussis,  (F.)  Toux. 
Violent,  sonorous,  frequent,  and  short  expira- 
tions, by  means  of  which  the  air,  in  passing 
rapidly  through  the  bronchia  and  trachea,  car- 
ries along  with  it  the  mucus  of  the  parts,  which 
forms  the  sputa.  The  cough  is  said  to  be  dry, 
when  unaccompanied  by  expectoration.  It  is 
symptomatic  of  many  diseases.     See  Bronchitis. 

Tussis  Amphemerina,  Pertussis  —  t.  Asinina, 
Pertussis — t.  Bronchica,  Cough,  tubal,  see  Bron- 
chitis— t.  Canina,  Pertussis — t.  Catarrhalis  Sim- 
plex, Catarrh  —  t.  Clamosa,  Pertussis  —  t.  Clan- 
gosa,  Pertussis  —  t.  Convulsiva,  Pertussis  —  t. 
Delassans,  Pertussis  —  t.  Ferina,  Pertussis  —  t. 
Pueros  strangulans,  Pertussis  —  t.  Quinta,  Per- 
tussis—  t.  Senilis,  Bronchitis  (chronic) — t.  Spas- 
modiea,  Pertussis  —  t.  Stomachalis,  Pertussis  — 
t.  Suffocans,  Pertussis  —  t.  Suffocativa,  Pertussis 
■ — t.  Tussiculosa,  Pertussis. 

TUSSIVE;  Tussi'vus ;  from  tussis,  'cough.' 
Belonging  or  relating  to  cough: — as  tussive  vibra- 
Mon;  the  vibration  of  the  parietes  of  the  chest, 
gauged  by  coughing. 

TUTAM'INA,  pi.  of  Tnta'men,  'a  defence,'  'a. 
protection,'  from  tutare,  'to  defend.'  Parts  are 
so  called  which  defend  or  protect  each  other. 

Tdtajiina  Cer'ebri  are  the  scalp,  pericranium, 
tones  of  the  skull,  and  the  meninges. 

TuTAMixA  Oc'oLi  are  the  eyebrows,  eyelids, 
and  lachrymal  apparatus. 

TUTENAG,  Zincum. 

TUTHIA,  Tutia. 

TU'TIA,  Pom'pholyx,  Cadmi'a,  Alfasa,  Me- 
sera,  Cupni'tis,  Tuthia,  Ox'ydum  zinei  impu'rum. 
The  oxyd  of  zinc  that  attaches  itself  to  the  chim- 
neys of  furnaces  in  which  ores  of  zinc  are  smelted. 
It  is  in  the  form  of  gray  incrustations ;  and  is 
sometimes  used  for  making  an  eye-salve.  It  is 
prepared,  for  this  purpose,  by  levigation, 

TWIN,  Gemellus. 

TWINKLING  OF  THE  EYE,  Nictation. 

TWINLEAF,  COMMON,  Jeffersonia  Bartoni. 

TWINROOT,  Orchis. 

TWINS,  SIAMESE.  Two  brothers,  Chang 
and  Eng,  connected  by  means  of  a  ligamentous 
band  passing  from  the  epigastrium  of  one  to  that 
of  the  other,  who  were  exhibited  in  various  parts  of 
Europe  and  America,  about  the  year  1830.  They 
are  now  [1851]  living  in  North  Carolina:  both  are 
married,  and  have  children.     See  Xiphopages. 

TWITCHING,  Tic. 

TYCH'ICA,  from  Tv^rj,  'accident.'  Fortuitous 
lesions  or  deformities.  The  7th  class  of  Good's 
Nosology. 

TYLE,  Callosity 

TYLOMA,  Callosity. 

TYLOSIS,  Callosity. 

TYLUS,  Callosity. 

TYMMA,  Wound. 

TYMPAN,  Tympanum. 

TYMPANAL,  Tympanic. 

TYMPANIA,  Tympanites. 

TYMPAN  IAS,  Tympanites. 

TYM'PANIC,  Tympan'icus,  Tym'panal ;  same 
etymon  as  tympanum.  Relating  to  the  tympa- 
num, as  '  tympanic  canal.' 


Ttmpaxic  Nerve,  see  Petrous  ganglion. 

TYMPANITA,  Tympanites. 

TY2rPANITE,  Tympanites. 

TYMPANI'TES,  Emphyse'ma  Ahdom'inis,  Ey. 
drops  Tympanites,  Affec'tio  tympanit'ica,  Ectym- 
jiano'sis,  P]ieumato'sis  Abdoni'inis,  Hydrops  ab- 
dominis aereus,  Aero'sis,  Aero-enterecta'sia,  Phy- 
soece'lia,  Tympano'sis,  Physe'ma,  Physe'sis,  Hy- 
drops siccus  etflatulentus,  Tympa'nia,  Tympa'nias, 
Tynqyani'ta,  Tympani'tis,  Emphyse'ma  Tympa- 
nites, E.  Tympanit' icum,  Metereorisrnus,  Tym'- 
pany,  Me'teorism,  Wind  dropsy,  (P.)  Tympa- 
nite,  Pneumatose  peritoneale,  Ballonnernent,  from 
Tviiizavov,  '  a  drum ;'  so  called  because  the  abdo- 
men is  distended  with  wind,  and  sounds  like  a 
drum  when  struck.  A  swelling  of  the  abdomen, 
caused  by  accumulation  of  air  in  the  intestinal 
tube  or  in  the  peritoneum.  Tympanites  may  be 
idiopathic  or  symptomatic.  The  former  depends 
upon  exhalation  of  air  from  the  inner  surface  of 
the  intestine,  or  from  the  decomposition  of  sub- 
stances contained  in  it ;  the  latter  is  the  result 
of  some  organic  affection,  and  often  depends 
upon  obliteration  of  the  digestive  tube,  which 
prevents  the  gas  from  escaping.  Idiopathic  tym- 
panites may  be  more  readily  cured.  The  sympto- 
matic is  usually  fatal.  On  dissection  in  such 
cases,  the  stomach  and  intestines  are  found  enor- 
mously distended;  with  strangulation  or  disor- 
ganization of  some  part  of  the  mucous  mem- 
brane of  the  intestine.  Carminatives  may  be 
proper  when  tympanites  depends  upon  atony  of 
the  digestive  organs  :  but,  in  cases  of  the  symp- 
tomatic kind,  they  cannot  be  productive  of  ad- 
vantage, and  may  do  harm. 

Sometimes  the  air  is  contained  in  the  cavity 
of  the  peritoneum — constituting  Tym2)ani't€s  ab- 
domina'lis,  Aeroperitdnie,  of  some: — the  accumu- 
lation in  the  intestines  being  caUed  Tymjjani'tes 
intestina'lis. 

Tympanites,  Uteriitb,  Physometra. 

TYMPANI'TIS,  Inflamma'tio  tym'pani;  from 
Tvji-avov,  '  a  drum,'  and  itis,  denoting  inflamma- 
tion. Inflammation  of  the  lining  membrane  of 
the  middle  ear.     Also,  tympanites. 

TYMPANOSIS,  Tympanites. 

TYM'PANUM,  TvixTTavov,  '  a  drum.'  The  Drum 
or  barrel  of  the  ear.  The  names  Cavity  of  the 
Tympanum  or  Cavity  of  the  Drum,  Cav'itas  Tym'- 
pani, Antrum  seu  cavitaa  antro'sa  Auris,  Cavum 
Tym'pjani,  (F.)  Tympan,  Cavite  du  tympan,  Caisse 
du  tambour  —  have  been  given  to  a  cavity  of  an 
irregular  shape,  which  constitutes  the  middle  ear, 
and  has  been  compared  to  a  drum.  It  is  situate 
in  the  pars  petrosa  of  the  temporal  bone,  between 
the  meatus  auditorius  externus  and  the  labyrinth. 
This  cavity  is  lined  by  a  mucous  membrane;  and 
communicates,  externally,  by  means  of  the  Eu- 
stachian tube,  which  is  situate  between  it  and  the 
pharynx.  The  tympanum  has  six  parietes.  1. 
An  external,  which  is  almost  entirely  formed  of 
the  Membrane  of  the  Drum,  Membrana  tympani, 
Diajjhrag'ma  auris,  Mediasti'num  seu  Tcgumen'- 
tum  auris,  Ilyrin'ga,  Myrinx,  (F.)  Jfembraiie  rfit 
tyinjmn — a  species  of  thin,  transparent,  circular 
septum;  convex  within,  and  concave  without, 
which  closes  the  inner  extremity  of  the  meatus 
auditorius.  2.  An  internal,  on  which  are  the  Fe- 
nes'tra  ova'lis,  Prom'ontory,  and  Fora'men  rotun'- 
dum.  3.  A  superior.  4.  An  inferior,  on  which  is 
the  glenoid  fissure.  5.  A  posterior,  on  which  are 
the  opening  of  the  mastoid  cells,  and  the  pyra- 
mid. 6.  An  anterior,  on  which  are  the  Froces'- 
eus  cochlea  form' is  and  the  inner  orifice  of  tho 
Eustachian  tube.  The  cavity  of  the  tympanum 
is  crossed  by  a  series  of  four  small  bones,  articu- 
lated with  each  other  by  diarthrosis,  moved  by 


TYMPANY 


879 


TYPHUS 


certain  mnscles,  and  representing  a  kind  of  bent  | 
lever  extending  from  the  membrana  tj'mpani  to 
the  fenestra  ovulis.     They  are  called  the  Bones  or 
Ossicles  of  the  Ear,  and  are  the  malleus,  incus, 
OS  orbiculare,  and  stapes. 

For  the  nerrous  plexus  of  the  tympanum,  see 
Petrosal  Ganglion,  and  Otic  Ganglion. 

Tympanum  Minus,  see  Fenestra  —  t.  Secunda- 
rium,  see  Fenestra. 

TYMPANY,  Tympanites  —  t.  of  the  TVomb, 
Physometra. 

TYPE,  Typvs,  Periodus  morhi,  from  rv-og,  'a 
stamp,'  itself  from  rv-rw,  'I  strike.'  The  trjpe  is 
the  order  in  which  the  symptoms  of  a  disease  ex- 
hibit themselves,  and  succeed  each  other.  It 
may  be  continued,  intermittent,  or  remittent. 

TYPHA  ANGUSTIFOLIA  has  the  same  pro- 
ties  as 

Typha  Aromatica,  Acorus  calamus. 

Typha  Latifolia,  Cattail,  Reed  mace,  (F.) 
Ifassette,  Masse  d'Eau,  (vKpog,  'a  marsh,'  [?]).  A 
plant  common  in  marshes  and  ponds,  in  this 
country  and  in  Europe.  Family,  Typhaceaj. 
Sex.  Syst.  Moncecia  triandria.  Its  roots  have 
been  used  in  dysentery  and  blennorhagia.  The 
young  shoots,  before  they  reach  the  surface  of 
the  water,  taste  like  asparagus,  when  boiled. 

The  down,  (F.)  Aigrette,  Foils,  which  accom- 
panies the  flowers,  has  been  applied  to  burns  like 
cotton. 

TYPHIGUS,  Typhoid. 

TYPHI  QUE,  Typhoid. 

TYPHLITIS,  Typhlo-enteritis. 

TYPHLO-ENTERI'TIS,  TupMo-enteritis,  Ty- 
pJiU'tis,  Typldoteri'tis,  Inflamma'tio  CcBci,  Phleg'- 
monons  Tumour  of  the  CcBcum,  (F.)  Inflommation 
du  C(ECum,  from  rxKbXog,  caciw,  and  enteritis,  'in- 
flammation of  the  intestines.'  Inflammation  of 
the  caecum,  occasionally  leading  to  perforative 
ulceration. 

TYPHLOENTEEUM,  CEecum. 

TYPHLOPS,  Cfficus. 

TYPHLOSIS,  C«citas. 

TYPHLOTERITIS,  Tvpblo-enteritis. 

TYPHLOTERON  MONOCOLON,  Cfficum. 

TYPHLOTERUM,  Csecum. 

TYPHLOTES,  Cajcitas. 

TYPHODES,  Typhoid. 

TYPHOEMIE  ENTERIQUE,  see  Typhus. 

TYPH0HJ3MIA,  see  Putrefaction. 

TYPHOID,  Typhoides,  Typho'des,  Ty'phicus, 
Typho'sus,  Lac'tica,  (F.)  Typhique,  Typho'ide, 
Typhode.  Appertaining  to  or  resembling  ty- 
phus; as  Typhoid  Fever.  Also,  according  to  some, 
Typhous  Fever,  typhus.  Fuchs  has  employed 
the  word  Typho'ide  for  a  family  of  diseases,  to 
distinguish  them  from  phlogoses ;  of  this  family, 
Stomacace,  Pharyngocace,  and  Pneumocace  are 
examples. 

Typhoib  Apfectiox,  see  Typhus — t.  Fever  of 
India,  Cholera. 

TYPHOMA'NIA,  from  Tv<po?,  'stupor,'  and 
fiavia,  '  delirium.'  Delirium  with  stujwr,  Subde- 
lir'ium.  The  kind  of  delirium  common  in 
typhus. 

Typhomania,  Coma  vigil,  Insomnia. 

TYPHONIA,  Coma  vigil. 

TYPHOSEPSES,  Typhoseptoses. 

TYPHOSEPTO'SES,  Typhosep'ses,  from  Tv<pos, 
' stupor,' and  cn;i^(f,  'putrefaction.'  Typhous  af- 
fections. 

TYPHOSUS,  Typhoid. 

TYPHOUS,  Typho'sus  ;  same  etymon  as  Ty- 
phus.    Belonging  or  relating  to  typhus. 

Typhous  Depos'it.  A  peculiar  substance  of 
new  formation  found  in  the  areolar  membrant: 


between  the  mucous  and  muscular  coats  cf  tli« 
patebes  of  Peyer  in  typhoid  fever. 

Typhous  Fever,  see  Typhoid. 

TYPHUS,  Semipes'tis,  Tupihus,  Fehris  Typho'- 
des, Fehris  asthen' lea  seu  adynam'ica,  Asthtnop'- 
yra,  (F. )  Ftevre  adyiiamique,  F.  utaxique,  F. 
adynamique  ataxique,  lyphua  d' Europe,  from 
TV(pos,  '  stupor.'  A  fever  characterized  by  small, 
weak,  and  unequal,  but  usually  frequent  pulse, 
with  great  prostration  of  strength,  and  much  ce- 
rebral disturbance,"  its  duration  being  usually 
from  a  fortnight  to  three  weeks  or  longer.  It  is 
continued  fever,  accompanied  with  great  cerebral 
irritation  and  prostration.  (See  Fever.)  By  most 
writers,  this  disease  has  been  divided  into  two 
varieties — the  Tyj^hus  mitior  and  Typhus  gravior. 
Typhus  MiT"ior!,  T.  simplex,  T.  nervo'sus,  T. 
comato'sus,  Fe'bris  lenta  nervosa,  Plechrop'yrus, 
F.  pu'trida  nervosa,  F.  hec'tica  malig'na  nervosa. 
Nervous  Fever,  Neurop)'yra,  Neurop>yr'etns,  (F.) 
Ftevre  nerveuse,  is  characterized  by  slight  shiver- 
ings,  heavy,  vertiginous  headach ;  great  oppres- 
sion, peculiar  expression  of  anxiety,  nausea, 
sighing,  despondency,  and  coma  or  quiet  deli- 
rium. Typhus  Gra'vior,  Typjhus  car'cerum,  T. 
castren'sis,  T.  anthropophthor'acus.  True  Typihiis, 
Exanthemat'ic  typhus,  Nervous  fever  icith  exaii- 
them'atous  erupi'lion,  Conta'yious  typhus,  Fehris 
iiervo'sa  epidem'ica,  F.  nervo'sa  exanthemat'ica, 
F.  malig'na  cum  sopo're,  F.  nervo'sa  petechia'lis, 
F.  pestilentia'lis  Euru'pxB,  Typhus  coniagio'sns 
exanthemat'  ieus,  T.  nostras,  T.  Europm' us,  T. 
commu'nis,  T.  hel'licus,  T.  exanthemat' icus,  T. 
Hiher'nicus,  Pesiis  bel'lica,  Fehris  pes'tilens  ma- 
lig'na, Fehris  nau'tica  pestilentia'lis,  Fehris  pete- 
chia'lis, Typhus  petechia'lis,  Porpihyro-typ>hu8, 
Pulicula'ris  morbus,  Fehris  2>uncticida'ris,  F.  Sa- 
p)rop'yra,  F.  car'cerum  ct  nosocovxio'rum,  F.  Pn- 
trida,  F.  con' tinens  pu'trida,  F.  coutin'ua  pu'trida, 
Septop'yra,  Putrid  Fever,  Jail  Fever,  Hospital 
Fever,  Ship  Fever,  (F.)  Fievre  des  Camps,  F. 
nautique,  F.  d'Hopital,  F.  nosocomiale,  F.  des 
Prisons,  F.  lenticulaire.  Typhus  contagieux,  is  at- 
tended with  rigors  and  heat,  alternating;  little 
or  no  perspiration;  ptilse,  tense  and  hard,  usually 
quick,  but  fluttering  ;  pain  over  the  forehead  and 
vertex ;  a  '  mulberry  rash,'  appearing  on  the  fifth 
to  the  seventh  day  of  the  disease,  and  lasting  till 
the  end;  delirium,  succeeded  by  stupor,  signs  of 
incipient  putrescency, — as  true  petechia,  vibices, 
hemorrhages,  &c.  Typhus,  under  particular  cir- 
cumstances, seems  to  be  communicable  by  conta- 
gion ;  but  if  proper  attention  be  paid  to  cleanli- 
ness and  ventilation,  there  is  not  much  danger  cf 
communication.  The  general  principles  of  treat- 
ment, laid  down  under  the  head  of  Fever,  are 
applicable  here.  All  the  varieties  of  continued 
fever  resemble  each  other  in  the  cardinal  points, 
although  they  may  difter  in  many  of  their  cha  • 
racters.  Ventilation  and  cleanliness;  warm  or 
cold  ablution  or  sponging;  keeping  the  bowels 
free;  and  attending  to  symptoms  as  they  may 
rise,  with  the  avoiding  of  all  irritation  of  every 
kind,  are  the  main  indications.  When  symptoms 
of  great  prostration  occur,  the  strength  must  be 
supported  by  wine  ;  and  tonics  be  exhibited,  with 
the  mineral  acids.  Of  the  tonics,  the  sulphate 
of  ciuinia  is  perhaps  as  good  as  any,  whilst  it  is 
free  from  the  objection  which  applies  to  most 
others, — of  being  too  bulky.  In  the  whole  man- 
agement of  this  affection,  however,  the  physician 
has  to  discriminate  carefully  between  oppression 
and  prostration.  The  former  may  require  eva- 
cuants;  the  latter  cannot. 

Of  late,  certain  observers  have  endeavoured  t<» 

show,  that  there  is  an  essential  difference  between 

tvphoid  fever  and  typhus  ;  that  the  former  is  an 

'  abdominal  affection,  and  dependent  upon,  or  con- 


TYPIC 


880 


ULCEEOUS 


liccted  witli,  an  inflamed  or  ulcerated  condition 
of  the  mucous  follicles  of  the  intestines ;  hence 
it  has  received  the  names  Fievre  mesentiriqiie,  F. 
ti/pJio'ide,  Maladle  ou  Affection  typ]io'ide,'E.  entero- 
inesenteriqne,  Enterite  typho-hemique,  TypJioemie 
enterique,  Entero-mesentei'ite  typhoide,  Fxuniheme 
iiitesft'iiale,  Dothinenterie,  Dothinenterite,  <fec.,  lleo- 
diclidite,  Enterite  folliculeuse,  Gastro-enterite  with 
nervous  affection  of  the  brain,  FoUicxdar  gastro- 
enteritis, F.  enteritis,  Enteri'tis  foUiculo'sa,  Ty- 
phus abdomina'lis,  T.intestina'lis,  T.  Sporad'icv.s, 
EnterotyjjJius,  T.  gangliona'ris  ahdomina'lis,  Fe- 
hris  intestina'lis  idcero'sa,  F.  nervo'sa  gus'trica, 
F.  nervo'sa  enter'ica,  F.  enter'ica,  F.  nervo'sa  nie- 
eenter'ica,  Enterhelio'sia  nervo'sa,  Typhus  enter'- 
ictis,  lleop'yra,  Jleotyjyhus,  Typhoid  affection. 
Enteric  /ever.  Accompan3'ing  this  form  of  fever 
there  is  generally  a  t3'phoid  eruption,  consisting 
of  rose-red  papulse,  (see  Spots,  red,)  which  appear 
mostly  on  the  abdomen.  They  are  distinct  from 
true  petechiss,  as  they  can  be  removed  by  pres- 
sure ;  and  distinct  also  from  sudamina,  which  are 
perhaps  the  universal  accompaniments  of  sweat- 
ing, and  are  consequently  a  variety  of  miliaria. 
The  common  continued  fever  or  synochus  of 
Great  Britain,  and  of  this  country,  has  been  pre- 
sumed by  some  to  be  this  variety  :  but  farther 
observations  are  needed  to  establish  the  distinc- 
tions which  have  been  attempted ;  and  there  is 
reason  to  believe,  that  the  abdominal  affection  is 
a  complication,  existing  in  certain  cases  and  epi- 
demics of  adjmamic  fever,  and  not  in  others.  The 
Hed  Tongue  Fever  of  Kentucky  is  considered  by 
Professor  Bartlett  to  be  typhoid  fever. 

Certain  modern  French  writers  have  considered 
the  Typhus  of  the  European  continent,  Typthus 
of  Europe,  Peste  d' Europe,  pestilential  fever,  con- 
tagious typihus,  Hungary  fever,  Hospital  fever, 
camp  fever,  jail  fever,  lenticidar  p)etechial  fever, 
&c.,  to  be  identical  with  the  typhoid  affection. 
They  admit  but  one  fever  on  the  European  con- 
tinent—  the  typhoid.  Typhus,  they  maintain  — 
but  by  no  means  establish  the  position  —  to  be 
peculiar  to  England. 

TvPHUs  Aedoiiinalis,  see  Typhus — t.  d'Ame- 


riane,  Fever,  yellow — t.  Anthracicus,  Plague — t. 
Anthropophthoracus,  Typhus  —  t.  Aphthoideus, 
Aphthaa  —  t.  Bellicus,  Typhus  —  t.  Bengalensis, 
Cholera  —  t.  Bubonicus,  Plague  —  t.  Carcorum, 
Typhus  gravior — t.  Castrensis,  Typhus  gravior — 
t.  Comatosus,  Typhus  mitior — t.  Communis,  Ty- 
phus —  t.  Contogieux,  Typhus  —  t.  Contagious, 
Typhus — t.  Contagiosus  exanthematicus.  Typhus 
— t.  d'Europjc,  Typhus — t.  of  Europe,  see  Typhus 

—  t.  Exanthematicus,  Typhus  —  t.  Ganglionaris 
abdominalis,  see  Typhus — t.  Gravissimus,  Plague 
— t.  Hibernicus,  T.  gravior  —  t.  leterodes.  Fever, 
yellow  —  t.  Jaune,  Fever,  yellow  —  t.  Intestinalis, 
see  Typhus  —  t.  3Iiasmatiqve  ataxique  pjutride 
jaune,  Fever,  yellow — t.  Morbillosus,  Rubeola — 
t.  Nervosus,  Typhus  mitior  —  t.  Nostras,  Typhus 
— t.  d' Orient,  Plague — t.  Pestilentialis,  Plague — 
t.  Pestis,  Plague — t.  Petechialis,  Tj'phus  gravior 

—  t.  Puerpieral,  see  Peritonitis  —  t.  Scarlatinus, 
Scarlatina — t.  Simplex,  Typhus  mitior — t.  Spora- 
dieus,  see  Typhus — t.  Tropicus,  Fever,  yellow — 
t.  True,  Typhus — t.  Vesicularis,  Pemphigus. 

TYP'IC,  Typ'ical,  Typ'icum,  (P.)  Typique. 
Same  etymon  as  Type.  Characterized  by  peri- 
odicity,—  as  a  'ty2neal  fever;'  or  one  which  ob- 
serves a  particular  type. 

TYPOSES,  see  Periodicity. 

TYPUS,  Type. 

TYRANNUS,  see  Critical  days. 

TYRBASIA,  Agitation. 

TYRBE,  Agitation. 

TYREM'ESIS,  Tyrotem' esis,  from  rvpo;, 
'  cheese,'  and  tueci;,  '  vomiting  ;'  Tyro' sis,  Ty- 
reu'sis.  Vomiting  of  curdy  matter,  in  infants 
especially. 

TYREUSIS,  Tyremesis,  Tyrosis. 

TYRIA,  Porrigo  decalvans. 

TYRIASIS,  Elephantiasis  Arabica. 

TYRODES,  Cheesy. 

TYROMA,  Porrigo  decalvans. 

TYROS,  Cheese. 

TYROSIS,  Tyremesis.  Also,  the  curdling  of 
milk  in  the  stomach  ;  Tyreu'sis. 

TYROTEMESIS,  Tyremesis. 


u. 


UBERIS  APEX,  Papilla. 

TJLA,  Gingivae. 

ULATROPH'IA,  from  ov\ov,  'the  gum,'  and 
atrophia,  atrophy.  Shrinking  of  the  gums  ;  fall- 
ing away  of  the  gnims. 

ULCEPi.,  Ulcus,  (diminutive  Ulcus' cidum,)  Hel- 
cos,  Eleo'sis,  Elco'ma,  Helens,  Helco'ma,  a  Sore, 
(F.)  Ulcere.  A  solution  of  continuity  in  the  soft 
parts,  of  longer  or  shorter  standing,  and  kept  up 
by  some  local  disease  or  constitutional  cause. 
Richerand  makes  four  great  distinctions  between 
it  wound  and  an  ulcer.  1.  A  wound  arises  from 
the  action  of  an  extraneous  body:  —  the  cause  of 
'm  ulcer  is  inherent  in  the  economy.  2.  A  wound 
is  always  idiopathic :  —  an  ulcer  is  always  symp- 
tomatic. 3.  A  wound  has  essential!}'  a  tendency 
to  heal,  because  the  action  of  its  cause  has  been 
momentary:  —  an  ulcer,  on  the  contrary,  has  a 
tendency  to  enlarge,  because  its  cause  persists. 
4.  The  treatment  of  a  wouad  is  purely  surgical ; 
that  of  an  ulcer  in  meJical  as  well.  The  imme- 
diate cause  of  an  ulcer  is  an  augmented  action  of 
the  absorbents;  and  a  specific  action  of  the  small 
vessels,  which  secrete  pus  from  the  blood.  Ulcers 
have  been  variously  divided,  according  to  their 
nature;  —  into  simple,  sinuous,  fistulous,  fungous, 


gangrenous,  scorTiuttc,  syphilitic,  cancerous,  inve- 
terate, scrofulous,  phagedenic,  virulent,  cacoethio, 
sordid,  carious,  varicose,  &c.  The  treatment 
consists  in  removing,  by  appropriate  means,  the 
internal  and  the  local  causes  which  keep  up  the 
ulceration,  and  in  exciting  the  vessels  of  the  part, 
where  necessary,  by  appropriate  bandaging,  &c. 

Ulcer,  Malignant,  Hospital  gangrene  —  u. 
Putrid,  Hospital  gangrene. 

ULCERA  INTESTINALIA,  Gastrelcosis— ii. 
Laryngis,  Phthisis  laryngea  —  u.  Serpentia  oris, 
Aphtha} — u.  Uteri,  see  Metrophthisis — u.  Ventri- 
culi,  Gastrelcosis — u.  VesicfE,  Cystophthisis. 

UL'CERATED,  Ulcera'tus,  Exulcera'tus,  Hel- 
co'des,  (F.)  Ulcere.  In  the  state  of  an  ulcer- 
Affected  with  ulcers. 

ULCERATIO  INTESTINALIS,  Enterelcosi* 
— u.  Vcntriculi,  Gastrelcosis. 

ULCERA'TION,  Ulccra'tio,  E.rulcerafio,  Pyo. 
(jen'ia  corrosi'va,  A  superficial  ulcer.  The  form- 
ation of  an  ulcer — Exeleo'sis,  Eleo'sis,  and  Hcl- 
co'sis. 

UL  CERE,  Ulcer  —  u.  du  Larynx,  Phthisis  la- 
ryngea. 

UL'CEROUS,  Ulcero'aus,  Hclco'des,  Helcndes, 


ULCERS 


881 


UMBILICUS 


Having  the  character  of  an  ulcer.  Affected  with 
ulcers. 

ULCERS,  EGYPTIAN,  iEgyptia  ulcera. 

ULCUS,  Ulcer — u.  Atonicum,  Rupia — u.  Ca- 
coethes,  see  Cacoethes  —  u.  Cancrosum,  Cancer, 
Chancre  —  u.  Daeryodes,  see  Dacryodes — u.  De- 
pascens,  Phagedenic  ulcer — u.  Ferinum,  Phage- 
denic ulcer — u.  Fistulosum,  Hypophora — u.  Hy- 
pulum,  see  Hypulus  —  u.  Narium  foetens,  Ozsena 
— u.  Obambulans,  Phagedenic  ulcer  —  u.  Pulmo- 
num,  Phthisis  pulmonalis  —  u.  Sinuosum,  Hypo- 
phora— u.  Syriacum,  Cynanche  maligna — u.  Te- 
lephium,  Telephium — u.  Tubereulosum,  Lupus — 
u.  Uteri,  Ilysterelcosis,  Leucorrhoea. 

ULCUSCULA  PRiEPUTII,  Herpes  pr^putii. 

ULCUSCULUM,  Ulcer  — u.  Cancrosum, 
Chancre. 

ULE,  Cicatrix. 

ULETICUS,  Gingivalis. 

ULICUS,  Gingivalis. 

ULI'TIS,  from  ov\og,  'solid,'  ((rap^  ov'Sij,  'solid 
flesh:')  hence,  ovXov,  'the  gum.'  Inflamma'tio 
gingi'vcB,  Periodonti'tia  gingiva' rum,  (F.)  Gengi- 
vite,  Infiammatiiin  des  genr-ives,  from  ovXov,  'the 
gum,'  and  itis,  denoting  inflammation.  Inflam- 
mation of  the  gums. 

Ulitis  Septica,  Cancer  aquaticus. 

ULLUCO,  Tropseolum  tuberosum. 

UL3[AIRE,  Spirsea  ulmaria. 

ULMARIA,  Spirsea  ulmaria  —  u.  Palustris, 
Spirasa  ulmaria. 

ULMUS,  U.  campes'tris  sen  glabra  seu  mon- 
ta'na  seu  nuda  seu  sati'va  seu  scabra,  Ptelea, 
Common  Ebn,  (F.)  Orme.  Family,  Amentaeea3. 
Sex.  Syst.  Pentandria  Digynia.  The  inner,  rough 
hark  of  this  tree  is  inodorous  ;  and  has  a  bitter, 
austere,  and  mucilaginous  taste.  It  is  considered 
tonic,  alterative,  and  diuretic ;  and  has  been  used, 
chiefly,  in  lepra  and  other  cutaneous  afiTections. 

Ulsius  Ala'ta,  Lynn  Wahoo.  The  bark  of 
the  root  has  been  used  successfully  as  a  cata- 
plasm in  phlegmonous  inflammation. 

Ulmus  America'na,  U.  fuh-a.  Rough-leaved 
Elm,  Bed  Elm,  Slippery  Elm.  The  inner  bark  is 
highly  mucilaginous,  and  is  used  in  coughs,  diar- 
rhoeas, and  dysenteries ;  also,  as  a  poultice  for 
tumours ;  lacerated  and  contused  wounds,  &g. 

Ulmus  Campestris,  Ulmus — u.  Fulva,  U.  Ame- 
ricana— u.  Glabra,  Ulmus — u.  Montana,  Ulmus — 
u.  Nuda,  Ulmus — u.  Sativa,  Ulmus  —  u.  Scabra, 
Ulmus. 

ULNA,  O'lene,  FooJ'ile  inferius  seu  majiis, 
Sunna  Bra'cJtii,  Os  cu'biti  inferius,  O-i  procubi- 
ia'le,  Cn'bitus,  Cubit,  Arun'do  bra'chii  major. 
Anatomists  have  given  this  name  to  the  bone  of 
the  forearm  which  forms  the  prominence  of  the 
elbow,  during  the  flexion  of  that  joint.  It  is  the 
longer  and  larger  of  the  two  bones,  and  is  in- 
serted at  the  inner  side.  Its  upper  and  larger 
extremity  has,  behind,  a  considerable  process, 
called  olecranon ;  and,  before,  a  smaller  one, 
called  coronoid.  .These  two  eminences  are  sepa- 
rated from  each  other  by  the  greater  sigmoid  or 
semilunar  fossa  or  olec'ranoid  cavity,  which  re- 
ceives the  articular  trochlea  of  the  humerus. 
The  tubercle  of  the  ulna  is  a  small,  rough  spot, 
under  the  root  of  the  coronoid  process,  for  the 
insertion  of  the  BraeTiialis  internns.  On  the  out- 
side of  this  extremity  of  the  bone  is  the  lesser 
sigmoid  cavity.  It  is  articulated  with  the  head 
of  the  radius.  The  inferior  extremity  of  the 
cubitus,  which  is  much  smaller  than  the  supe- 
rior, and  articulated  with  the  radius,  has  a  sur- 
face that  corresponds  to  the  fibro-cartilage  which 
separates  it  from  the  os  cuneiforme;  and  a  pointed 
process,  called  styloid.  The  body  of  the  ulna  is 
manifestly  triangular.  It  is  articulated  with  the 
OS  humeri  and  radius,  and,  mediately,  with  the 
56 


OS  cuneiforme.  It  is  developed  by  three  points 
of  ossification. 

Also,  the  elbow. 

ULNAD,  see  Ulnar  aspect. 

ULNAR,  Cubital. 

Ulnar  Aspect.  An  aspect  towards  the  side 
on  which  the  ulna  is  situated. — Barclay.  Ulnad 
is  used  adverbially  by  the  same  writer,  to  signify 
'towards  the  ulnar  aspect.' 

ULNARIS,  Cubital— u.  Externus,  see  Cubital 
muscles — u.  Gracilis,  Palmaris  longus — u.  Inter- 
nus,  see  Cubital  muscles. 

ULOCACE,  Cancer  aquaticus,  Stomacace. 

ULON'CUS,  from  ovKov,  'the  gum,'  and  oyKos, 
'tumour.'     Swelling  of  the  gums  ,•  epulis. 

ULORRHAG"IA,  Stomatorrhag"ia,  Hmmor- 
rTiag"ia  gingivarum,  Ulorrhoe'a,  from  oiAoi',  'the 
gum,'  and  priyvvju,  'I  break  forth.'  Bleeding 
from  the  gums. 

ULORRH(EA,  Ulorrhagia. 

ULOTICA,  Cicatrisantia. 

UL'TIMI-STERNAL.  Professor  Beclard  has 
given  this  appellation  to  the  sixth  or  last  bony 
portion  of  the  sternum.  He  calls  it  also  Ensi- 
sternal. 

UL'TIMUM  MO'RIENS,  'last  dying.'  A 
term  given  to  the  part  of  the  economy  which  dies 
last. 

ULVA  CRISPA,  Fucus  crispus. 

UMBIL,  YELLOW,  Cypripedium  luteum, 

UMBILIC,  Umbilical,  Umbilicus. 

UMBIL'ICAL,  Um'bilic,  Umbilica'lis,  UmbiU- 
ca'tus,  from  itmbilicus,  'the  navel.'  That  which 
belongs  or  relates  to  the  navel. 

Umbilical  Arteries,  which  exist  only  in  the 
foetus,  seem,  as  it  were,  continuations  of  the  pri- 
mitive iliacs.  They  clear  the  umbilical  ring,  and 
proceed  to  the  placenta,  to  which  they  carry  the 
residuum  of  the  blood  sent  to  the  foetus  by  the 
umbilical  vein.  As  soon  as  respiration  is  esta- 
blished, the  blood  ceases  to  pass  by  the  umbilical 
arteries,  which  become  obliterated,  as  well  as  the 
vein,  and  are  transformed  into  two  very  strong 
ligamentous  cords,  —  the  vein  forming  the  Liga- 
nien'tum  rotun'duin  of  the  liver. 

Umbilical  Cord,  Funiculus  umbilicalis. 

Umbilical  Region,  Re'gio  timbilica'Hs,  Meso- 
gas'trium  Re'gio  gas'trica  seu  Mesogastrica,  (F.) 
Region  ombilicale,  is  the  middle  region  of  the  ab- 
domen, in  which  the  umbilicus  is  placed.  The 
sides  of  this  are  called  the  flanks  or  lumbar  re- 
gions. In  the  umbilical  region  are  the  omentum 
majus;  the  inferior  extremity  of  the  duodenum  5 
the  jejunum;  and  the  greater  part  of  the  mesen- 
tery; the  aorta;  vena  cava;  the  trunks  of  the 
renal  arteries  and  veins;  the  origin  of  the  sper- 
matic arteries,  <tc. 

Umbilical  Ring,  An'nulua  vmbilica'lis,  (F.) 
Anneau  ombilical,  is  a  fibrous  ring  which  sur- 
rounds the  aperture  of  the  umbilicus,  and  through 
which  umbilical  hernia  occurs  in  children. 

Umbilical  Vesicle,  Vesicula  umbilicalis. 

Umbilical  Vessels,  (F.)  Vaisseaux  ombili- 
caux,  include  the  two  arteries,  and  umbilical 
vein.  The  umbilical  vein  arises  from  the  pla- 
centa, and  terminates  at  the  fissure  on  the  infe- 
rior surface  of  the  liver  of  the  foetus,  to  which  it 
conveys  the  blood  necessary  for  its  nutrition. 

UMBILICALIS,  Umbilical. 

UMBILICATUS,  Umbilical. 

UMBILI'CUS,  Umbo,  Oni'i^halos,  Umbili'cum, 
Radix  ventris,  Mesompha'lium,  Mesom'phalum, 
Protme'sis,  [navel  of  a  neiv-born  child;)  the  «m- 
bilic,  the  navel;  from  vmbo,  'the  button  or  pro- 
minence in  the  midst  of  a  buckler,'  or  from  vfk~ 
(paXog,  or  rather  optpaXos,  which  signifies  the  same, 
as  well  as  the  navel;  (F.)  Ombilic,  Nombril     J^ 


UMBO 


882 


UNGUENTUM 


round  cicatrix,  about  the  median  line  of  the  ab- 
domen. It  is  in  the  situation  of  an  aperture, 
■which,  in  the  fostus,  affords  passage  to  the  ves- 
sels of  the  umbilical  cord. 

Umbilicus  Mari'nus,  Cotyle'don  marina,  An- 
clro'snce,  Acetab'uluvi  marinum,  Andro'sace  Mat- 
thi'oli,  Fungus  petrce'iis  marinus.  A  submarine 
production,  found  on  the  rocks  and  the  shells  of 
fishes,  in  the  south  of  France.  It  is  reputed  to 
be  anthelmintic  and  diuretic. 

UMBO,  Elbow,  Umbilicus. 

UMBRELLA  TREE,  Magnolia  tripetala. 

TJ 31 S  C H L  A  G,  see  Compress. 

UNBOWELING,  Exenterismus. 

UNCARIA  GAMBIR,  Nauclea  Gambir, 

UNCAS,  INDIAN,  Veratrum  viride. 

UNCIA,  Ounce. 

UN'CIFORM,  Uncifor'mia,  Vnchia'tus,  from 
i«(c!(s,  '  a  hook,'  and/o;'TOa,  '  shape.'  That  which 
has  the  shape  of  a  hook. 

Unciform  Bone,  Os  unciform'e,  Os  hama'tum, 
Os  uncina'tiim,  (F.)  Os  crochu.  The  fourth  bone 
of  the  second  row  of  the  carpus.  Its  shape  is 
very  irregular.  Inwards  and  forwards,  it  has  a 
considerable  eminence,  which  is  curved  upon 
itself,  and  gives  attachment  to  the  annular  liga- 
ment of  the  carpus.  It  is  articulated  with  the 
OS  semilunare,  os  magnum,  os  cuneiforme,  and 
the  fourth  and  fifth  metacarpal  bones.  It  is  de- 
veloped from  a  single  point  of  ossification. 

Unciform  Eminence,  Hippocampus  minor. 

UNCINATUS,  Unciform. 

UNCINUS,  Hook.  _ 

UNCTION,  Inunction,  Unguentum,  Unguen- 
tum  hydrargyri. 

UNCUS,  Hook. 

UNDBRCLIFF,  ISLE  OF  WIGHT,  ENG- 
LAND, (CLIMATE  OF.)  The  Undercliff  com- 
prehends a  tract  of  country  from  Dunnose  to  St. 
Catherine's  Hill,  on  the  southeast  coast,  about  six 
miles  in  length,  and  from  a  quarter  to  half  a  mile 
in  breadth.  It  is  well  protected  from  the  colder 
winds ;  and  the  climate  is  remarkably  equable, 
as  well  as  mild  and  dry,  so  that  there  are  not 
many  days  during  the  winter  in  which  the  inva- 
lid cannot  take  some  exercise  in  the  open  air. 
It  is  an  excellent  climate  for  the  pulmonary  va- 
letudinarian. 

UNDIM'IA.  A  name  given,  by  Paracelsus, 
to  a  tumour,  filled  with  a  gelatinous  matter,  like 
the  white  of  an  egg. 

UNDOSUS,  Cymatodes. 

UNDULATIO,  Fluctuation. 

UNEDO,  Arbutus  unedo — u.  Papyracea,  Ar- 
butus unedo. 

UNGUEAL  MATRIX,  see  Nail. 

UNGUEN,  Unguentum — u.  Articulare,  Sy- 
Iiovia. 

UNGUENT,  ARMATORY,  Hoplochrysma. 

UNGUENTARIA,  see  Myristica  moschata. 

UNGUENTA'RIUS,  Myropai'us,  Myrep'sus, 
Myropo'les,  Myropo'lus,  Pir/menta'n'us;  from  un- 
ffuen'tum,  '  an  ointment.'  One  who  makes  and 
sells  ointments.     A  perfumer. 

UNGUEN'TUM,  Unguen,  Myron,  Unction, 
CS.)  Onguent,  from  vngere,  'to  anoint.'  Oint- 
ment. Ointments  are  topical  applications,  of  a 
consistence  more  or  less  analogous  to  that  of 
lard.  They  are  used,  chiefly,  as  local  applica- 
tions to  ulcers  and  wounds;  but  are  sometimes 
-ubbed  upon  a  part  in  cutaneous  affections  j  and, 
fspecially,  where  it  is  desired  that  the  constitu- 
ents of  the  ointment  should  be  absorbed.  Oint- 
iticnts  are  of  less  consistence  than  cerates,  al- 
though the  terms  are  often  used  indiscriminately. 

Unguen'tum  Ac"idi  Nitro'si,  Ointment  of  N^i- 
tronn  Acid,  Poma'tum  veJ  Unguen'tnm  Nl'triciim 
\el  Ojiygena'tum,  (F.)  Pommade  oxygcnce,  Graitsse 


oxygenic,  Pommade  d'Alyon.  (Adip.  snillm,  R)j  ; 
acid,  nitros.  ^vj.  Melt  the  fat,  and  rub  in  tho 
acid  gradually,  till  cold.  Ph.  E.)  Stimulant. 
Used  in  itch  and  other  cutaneous  eruptions,  and 
in  foul  ulcers. 

Unguentum  Adipocer^  Cetorum,  Ceratum 
cetacei — u.  ^gyptiacum,  Linimentum  teruginis — 
u.  jSilgyptium  album,  Crinomyron  —  u.  Album, 
Unguentum  cetacei  —  u.  Album  Resolvens,  Lini- 
mentum ammonias  fortius. 

Unguentum  de  Alth^eA,  Harsh  mal'low  Oint- 
ment, U.  de  Terebin'thind  et  cera,  Cera'tum  de 
Althasd,  Emplas'trum  mucilagino'sum,  E.  emoV- 
liens,  E.  cit'rinum,  E.  flavtim,  E.  de  Althad,  Un- 
guentum fiavum,  U.  CU'rinuin,  U.  resi'nas  jiitii  syl- 
ves'tris  compos'itum  seu  resumptivum  seu  lenit.i'- 
vum,(E.)  Onguent  de  guimauve,  0.  d'alihea.  {Olei 
de  mucilaginibua,  1000  p.,  ce'>-(E  flavcB,  250  p.,  re- 
sincB  terebinthin.,  aa.  125  p.  Liquefy ;  strain  and 
stir  till  cold.  Ph.  P.)  Common  Olive  Oil  might 
be  substituted  for  the  Oil  of  Mucilages. 

Unguentum  Amygdalinum,  Ceratum  Galeni. 

Unguentum  Antimo'nii,  U.  A.  Tariariza'ti,  U. 
A.  J'otassio-tar'tratis,  U.  tar'tari  emet'iei,  Oint- 
ment of  tar'tarized  an'timony.  (Antimon.  et  po- 
tass, tartrat.  in  pulv.  subtiliss.  ^ij,  adipjis.  ^j.) 
If  a  drachm  of  this  ointment  be  rubbed  upon  any 
part,  night  and  morning,  it  will  excite,  in  a  few 
days,  a  painful  pustular  eruption.  Hence,  it  is 
employed  as  a  counter-irritant.  This  preparation 
is  also  called  Ung.  Tar'tari  stibia'ti  seu  emet'iei, 
Ung.  e  Tar'taro  stibia'to,  Adep>s  Tartare  siibii 
medica'tus,  Ung.  Tar'tratis  Potass' a  stibia'ti,  (F.) 
Pommade  d'Autenrieth,  Pommade  stibiSe. 

Unguentum  Antimonii  Potassio-Tartratis, 
Unguentum  antimonii — u.  Antimonii  tartarizati, 
U.  antimonii  —  u.  Antipernium,  see  Antipernius. 

Unguentum  Aqu^  Rosje,  Ointment  of  Pose 
water.  Cold  Cream.  (Aq.  Rosce,  f ^ j ;  ol.  amygdal. 
f^ij;  cetacei,  §ss;  cercB  alba,  ^j-  Melt  together, 
in  a  water-bath,  the  oil,  spermaceti,  and  wax ; 
then  add  the  rose-water,  and  stir  until  it  is  cold. 
Ph.  U.  S.)     Cooling  to  irritated  surfaces. 

Unguentum  Armarium,  Hoplochrysma  —  u. 
Arthanitse,  see  Arthanita — u.  Articulare,  Sj'novia 
— u.  Basilicon  fiavum,  Ceratum  resinae- — u.  Basi- 
licon  nigrum,  Unguentum  resinse  nigrse  —  u.  Ba- 
silicum  viride,  Unguentum  subacetatis  cupri. 

Unguentum  Belladon'nje,  Ointment  of  Bel- 
ladonna. {^Ext.  belladonna:  3J  j  adipia  ^j ;  M. 
Ph.  U.  S.)  An  anodyne  application  to  irrita,ble 
ulcers,  &c. 

Unguentum  Cantharidis,  Unguentum  lytta?. 

Unguen'tum  CeRjE  {albas  velflavfg),  Wax  Oint- 
ment, Unguentum  simplex,  [Ph.  U.  S.)  Linimen'- 
tum  simplex.  Oil  and  Bees'  Wax,  (F.)  Ongiient  de 
cire.  {Cera  Ibj,  adiiois  Ibiv,  Ph.  U.  S.  or  —  cera 
^ij,  ol.  oliv.  ,^v.)  Emollient.  A  mild  dressing. 
Also,  the  basis  of  most  of  the  compound  oint^ 
ments. 

Unguentum  Ceratum,  Ceratum  Galeni  —  u. 
Ceruss^,  Unguentum  oxidi  plumbi  albi,  Ungu- 
entum plumbi  subcarbonatis  —  u.  Cerussai  ace- 
tata3,  Ceratum  plumbi  superacetatis,  U.  plumbi 
superacetatis — u.  Citrinum,  U.  de  althaea,  U.  hy- 
drargyri nitratis. 

Unguentum  Ceta'cei,  Unguentum  Sj)er'matiB 
Ceti,  U.  album,  Linimen.'tum  album,  Spermace'ti 
ointment,  (F.)  Onguent  de  blanc  de  haleine.  {Ce- 
tacei ,^vj,  cera  alba  ^vi,  ol.  oliv.  f^iij.  Ph.  L.) 
The  ordinary  dressing  for  blisters  and  excoria- 
tions. 

Unguen'tum  Creaso'tt,  Ointment  of  Cre'asote. 
{Creasot.  f  ^ss ;  adipis,  §j.  Add  the  creasote  to 
the  bird  previously  melted  with  a  moderate  heat, 
and  stir  constantly  till  cold.  Ph.  U.  S.)  Used 
iu  chronic  cutaneous  affections. 


UNGUENTUM 


883 


UNGUENTUM 


UNGUENTunr  CtJPEi  SuBACETATis,  TJnguentum 
subacetatis  cupri. 

Unguentum  Digesti'vum  Simplex,  C.  Tere- 
bin'thiiia  et  ovo'rum  vitel'li,  Simple  dic/estive  oint- 
ment, (P.)  Onguent  digestif  simpte.  (TerehintJiin. 
pur.  64  p.  Vitell.  ovoi:  No.  2,  vel  32  p.  Mix,  for 
a  long  time,  in  a  glass  mortar,  and  add,  gradually, 
enough  of  the  Oil  of  Hyp>ericum  (3Iillepertuis)  to 
make  a  soft  ointment.  Fh.  P.)  Detergent.  It 
may  be  rendered  more  so  by  adding  a  little  of  the 
Acetate  of  copi^er. 

Unguentum  Elemi,  Balsam  of  Arcceus,  TJngu- 
entum elemi  compositum. 

Unguentum  El'emi  Compos'itum,  Linimen'tum 
Area' i,  Unguentum  e  gummi  elemi,  Ung.  de  Tere- 
hin'thind  et  adip'ibus,  U.  elemi,  Ointment  of  Elemi, 
(F.)  Baume  d'Arceus.  (Elemi  Ibj,  terebinthinm 
vulgaris  ^x,  sevi  praiparati  Ibij,  oUvcb  olei  f^ij. 
Melt  the  elemi  with  the  suet;  remove  it  from  the 
fire;  and  mix  in  the  turpentine  and  oil.  Strain 
the  mixture  through  a  linen  cloth.  Ph.  L.)  Sti- 
mulant and  digestive.     To  keep  open  issues,  &c. 

Unguentum  Epispas'ticum  de  Daphne  Gni- 
mo,  Adeps  Cor'tiee  daphnes  gnidii  medica'tus, 
(F.)  Pommade  de  Garou.  (Adip.  prcBpar,  320  p., 
cercB,  32  p.,  cort.  daphn.  gnid.  128  p.  Melt  the 
fat  and  wax;  and  add  the  bark  softened  in  water. 
Boil  until  the  water  is  evaporated  ;  then  pass 
through  cloth.  Ph.  P.)  To  keep  open  blisters, 
issues,  &c.     See  Unguentum  Mezerei. 

Unguentum  Epispasticum  Fortius,  Cerate  of 
cantharides — u.  Epispasticum  mitius,  Unguentum 
lyttse — u.  Epispasticum  viride,  Ungueatum  lytt£e 
medicatum — u.  Flavum,  Unguentum  de  althaea — 
u.  e  Gummi  elemi,  Unguentum  compositum  —  u. 
Hellebori  albi,  Unguentum  veratri. 

Unguentum  Gall^,  Ointment  of  Galls,  [Gallm 
in  pulv.  5J;  adipis.  §vij.  M.  Ph.  U.  S.)  As  an 
astringent  in  piles,  indolent  ulcers,  &e. 

Unguen'tum  Hydrar'gyei,  U.  cceru'leum,  TJ. 
Neapolita'num,  Blue  ointment,  Cera'tum  mercu- 
ria'le,  Adeps  Hydrar'gyro  medica'tus,  Ifercurial 
Ointment,  Unction,  (F.)  Onguent  mercuriel  ou  Na- 
politain. 

The  Strong  Mercurial  Ointmeiit,  Unguentum  Hy- 
drargyri  fortius  of  the  London  Pharmacopoeia, 
Unguen'tum  Hydrar'gyri  (Ph.  U.  S.),  is  thus  made 
— Uydrarg.  H)ij,  adipis  ^xxiij,  sevi  ^j.  Rub  till 
the  globules  entirely  disappear. 

The  Milder  Mercurial  Ointment,  —  Unguentum 
Hydrargyri  Mitius,  — is  made  by  adding,  to  one 
pound  of  the  strong,  two  pounds  of  lard. 

Mercurial  ointment  is  antisyphilitic  and  discu- 
tient.  It  is  rubbed  on  the  inside  of  the  thigh,  in 
venereal  affections;  especially  in  those  cases  where 
mercury,  given  internally,  runs  off  by  the  bowels. 
The  stronger  ointment  is  used  for  this  purpose. 
The  weaker  is  employed  as  a  dressing,  or  as  an 
application  to  cutaneous  eruptions. 

Unguentum  Hydrargyri  Ammoniati,  Ungu- 
entum hj'drargyri  prsecipitati  albi  —  u.  Hydrar- 
gyri Calais  albee,  Unguentum  hj'drargyri  prsecipi- 
tati  albi — u.  Hydrargyri  compositum,  Unguentum 
hydrargyri  nitratis — u.  Hydrargyri  deutoxydi  ni- 
trati,  Unguentum  hydrargyri  nitrico-oxydi — u.  ex 
Hydrargyro  mitius  dictum  cinereum,  Unguentum 
oxydi  hydrargyri  cinereum. 

Unguentum  Hydrargyri  Nitra'tis,  U.  H. 
nitrati,  U.  supernitra'tis  hydrargyri,  Ointment  of 
Nitrate  of  Mer'cury,  Citrine  Ointment,  Bal'samum 
mercuria'le,  Ung.  hydrar'gyri  compos'itum,  U. 
mercuriale  cit'rinum,  Adejis  nitra'te  hydrargyri 
medica'tus,  Unguentum  citrinum  ad  scabiem,  (F.) 
Onguent  de  nitrate  de  mercure,  0.  citrin  contre  la 
gale.  {Hydrarg.  zj,  acid,  nitric,  f  ^xiv,  olei  hu- 
bidi  f^^ix,  adipis  giij.  Dissolve  the  mercury  in 
the  acid  ;  and,  while  hot^  add  the  oil  and  melted 
lard.     Ph.  U.  S. 


A  milder  ointment, —  Ung.  Nitratis  Hydrargyri 
mitius,  —  is  made  with  triple  the  quantity  of  oil 
and  lard.  It  is  stimulant  and  detergent,  and  is 
much  used  as  an  application  to  herpes,  porrigo, 
and  cutaneous  eruptions.  The  weaker  ointment 
is  sometimes  used  in  ophthalmia  tarsi,  Ac. 

Unguentum  Hydrargyri  Ni'teico-ox'ydi, 
Ung.  subnitra'tis  hydrargyri,  Ung.  Oxydi  Hy 
drargyri  rubri,  U.  H.  oxidi  rubri  [Ph.  U.  S.), 
Ointment  of  Nitric  Oxyd  of  Mercury,  BaV snmum, 
ophthaV micum  ridjrum,  Unguentum  dentox'ydi  hy- 
drarg. nitrati.  Red  Precip'itate  Ointment,  Golden 
Ointment,  Singleton's  Eye  Salve,  U.  Hydrargyri 
ruhri,  U.  ex  tlydrargyro  oxyda'to  rvbro,  U.  mer- 
curii  ruhriun,  U.  ophthal'micum  rubrum,  U.  subni- 
tra'tis hydrargyr'ici.  (Hydrarg.  oxid.  rubr.  ia 
pulv.  subtiliss.  ^} ;  Ung.  simpl.  ^j.  Add  the 
oxyd,  reduced  to  a  fine  power,  to  the  melted 
ointment.  Ph.  U.  S.)  Stimulant  and  escharotie. 
Applied  to  foul  ulcers,  to  inflammation  of  the 
tarsi,  ifcc.  &e. 

Belleville's  Cerate,  which  has  been  long  used 
in  cases  of  scalled  head,  and  of  chronic  cutaneous 
diseases  in  general,  is  made  as  follows  : — Plumbi 
acet.^j;  hydrarg.  oxid.  rubr.  ^ss  :  hyd.  chlorid, 
mit.  ^ij;  ceres  albm  ,^iv;  ol.  oliv.  ^vj.  Melt  the 
last  two,  and  add  the  others  in  fine  powder. 

Unguentum  Hydrargyri  Oxidi  Rubri,  Un- 
guentum hydrargyri  nitrico-oxydi  —  u.  ex  Hy- 
drargyro oxydato  rubro,  Unguentum  hydrargyri 
nitrico-oxydi — u.  Hydrargyri  oxydi  rubri,  Ungu- 
entum hydrargyri  nitrico-oxydi. 

Unguentum  Hydrargyri  PrjECipita'ti  Albi, 
U.  Hydrar'gyri  ammonia'ti,  (Ph.  U.  S.),  U.  sub- 
muria'tis  hydrargyri  ammonia'ti,  Unguentum  ad 
scabiem  ZeUeri,  U.  mercuria'le  album,  U.  mun- 
dif 'icons  Zelleri,  Ointment  of  tohite  pi-ecipitate, 
Ung.  e  mercu'rio  prmcipita'to,  Ung.  calcis  hydrar- 
gyri albce.  (Hyd.  aynmon.  ^j,  ung.  si7nj)l.  ,^iss. 
Melt  the  fat,  and  add  the  precipitate.)  Detergent. 
Used  in  cutaneous  eruptions,  to  destroy  vermin, 

Unguentum  Hydrargyri  Rubri,  U.  Hydrar- 
gyri nitrico-oxydi  —  u.  Hydrargyri  submuriatis 
ammoniati,  U.  Hydrargyri  prEecipitati  albi  —  u. 
Hydrargyrici  subnitratis,  U.  hydrargyri  nitrico- 
oxydi — u.  Hydrargyri  subnitratis,  U.  hydrargyri 
nitrico-oxydi  —  u.  Hydrargyri  supernitratis,  U. 
hydrargj'ri  nitratis — u.  Infusi  meloes  vesicatorii, 
U.  lyttce — u.  Irritans,  U.  lyttte. 

Unguen'tum  Io'dini,  U.  lodin'ii.  Ointment  of 
Iodine.  (lodin.  ^j  ;  Potass,  iodid,  gr.  iv ;  Aquce 
ITI^vi;  Adi2}is.  ^j.  Rub  the  iodine  and  iodide  first 
with  the  water  until  liquified,  and  then  with  the 
lard  until  mixed.  Ph.  U.  S.)  Used  as  a  local 
application  to  goitrous  and  other  swellings. 

Unguentum  Io'dini  Compos'itum,  U.  lodin'ii 
comjjositum,  Compotmd  Ointment  of  Iodine.  (lodin. 
^ss;  Putassii  iodid.  ^j  ;  Alcohol,  i^y,  adipis  ^'}j. 
Rub  the  iodine  and  iodide  first  with  the  alcohol 
and  then  with  the  lard  until  they  are  well  mixed. 
Ph.  U.  S.) 

Ungitentum  Lau'rinum,  O'leum  lau'rinvm, 
Adeps  lauro-medica'tus.  Bay  Ointment,  (F.)  On- 
guent ou  Huil.e  de  laurier.  (Fol.  laiiri,  500  p., 
adi]}.  suillcs,  1000  p.  Bruise  in  a  marble  mortar; 
evaporate  all  humidity  by  boiling;  and  add  Bay 
berries,  in  powder,  500  p.  Digest  and  passi 
through  linen.  Ph.  P.)  Reputed  to  be  corro- 
borant and  nervine.     It  is  simply  emollient. 

Unguentum  Lenitivum,  U.  de  althaea — u.  Li- 
liaeeum,  Crinomyron. 

Unguentum  Lytt^,  Ung.  canthar'idis,  U.  re-c 
sicato'rium,  U.  irri'tans,  U.  ad  vesica'ta.  Blister- 
ing Salve,  Ung.  infu'si  mel'oes  vesicato'rii,  Oi7it~ 
ment  of  Spanish  Flies,  Ointment  of  Infusion  of 
Spanish  Flies,  Unguentum  epispas'tictnn  mit"iua, 
ililder  blistering  Ointment.    (Cantharid,  in  paly. 


UNGUENTUM 


8S4 


UXaUENTUM 


§ij,:  aquas  deetillat.  Oss;  cerat.  resin,  ^v^iij.  Boil 
down  the  water  with  the  Spanish  flies  to  one-half, 
and  strain;  then  mix  the  cerate  with  the  strained 
liqnor,  and  evaporate  to  the  proper  consistence. 
Ph.  U.  S.)  It  is  stimulant  and  epispastic;  and 
Is  chiefly  used  for  keeping  up  the  discharge  from 
a  blistered  surface. 

UxGDESTUJi  Lytt^  Medica'tuji,  Adejis  can- 
tharid'ihus  medica'tus,  Poma'tiim  seu  Unyuentum 
epispas'ticum  vir'ide  stim'ulans  ac'ribus,  Green 
ilin'tering  Ointment,  (F.)  Pommade  epiajiastique 
verte.  [Pomati  vel  unguenti  cantharid.  64  p., 
tinguent.  populei  168  p.,  cereB  albcB  256  p.,  ciqjri 
acetat.,  ext.  opii,  aa  24  p.  Melt  the  unguentum 
populeum,  and  wax,  and  add,  as  they  cool,  the 
oxyd  of  copper,  cantharides,  and  opium.  Ph.  P.) 
Use,  same  as  the  last. 

Unguentum  Lytt^  Medic a'tum  A'liud, 
Adepts  cantharid' ibus  medica'tus  alius,  Potna'tum 
epispas'ticum  Jiavnm.  et  init"iua,  Yellow  Blister- 
ing Ointment,  (F.)  Pommade  epispastique  jaune. 
(Pulv.  cantharid.  120  p.,  adip.  prcep.  1680  p., 
aqvce  250  p.  Melt  the  lard;  mix  the  cantharides, 
and  add  the  water  at  the  same  time;  place  the 
whole  on  a  gentle  fire:  stir  continually  for  two 
hours,  and  add  a  little  water  to  replace  that  which 
has  been  evaporated.  Pass  through  linen  and 
strain.  Keep  it  in  a  water-bath,  and  add  pow- 
dered turmeric,  8  p.  Let  it  cool  till  the  super- 
fluous liquid  separates ;  pour  off  and  add  yellow 
wax,  250  p..  Oil  of  Lemon,  8  p.  Ph.  P.)  A  com- 
plex preparation.     Use,  same  as  the  last. 

An  ointment,  not  very  philosophically  com- 
Llned,  was  used  by  Dr.  Physick,  which  is  known 
by  the  name  of  "Br.  Physick's  Issue  Ointment." 
It  is  made  by  boiling  half  an  ounce  of  powdered 
cantharides  in  two  ounces  oi  rose-irater,  and  eva- 
porating until  one-half  of  the  fluid  is  driven  off, 
having  jireviously  added  15  grains  of  tartar  emetic. 
The  decoction  is  to  be  strained,  and  three  ounces 
of  olive  oil,  an  ounce  and  a  half  of  white  wax,  and 
one  ounce  of  spermaceti  added  to  it,  and  the  mix- 
ture then  boiled  till  all  the  water  is  evaporated. 

Unguentum  Melanicum  Causticum,  Causti- 
cum  JEthiopicum. 

Unguentum  Mercuriale  Album,  Unguentum 
hydrargyri  praecipitati  albi  —  u.  Mercuriale  eitri- 
num,  Unguentum  hydrargyri  nitratis — u.  e  Mei- 
curio  prsecipitato,  Unguentum  hydrargyri  prse- 
eipitati  albi  —  u.  Mercurii  rubrum,  Unguentum 
hydrargyri  nitrieo-osydi — u.  Mundificans  Zelleri, 
Unguentum  hydrargyri  praecipitati  albi. 

Unguentum  Mez'erei,  Ointment  of  Ifezereon. 
{Mezer.  incis.  transversim,  ,fiv;  adijns,  §xiv; 
eercB  albm,  ^ij ;  moisten  the  mezereon  with  a 
little  alcohol,  and  beat  in  an  iron  mortar,  until 
reduced  to  a  fibrous  mass;  then  digest  it  with 
the  lard,  in  a  salt-water  bath,  for  12  hours;  strain 
forcibly,  and  allow  the  strained  liquor  to  cool 
slowly,  so  that  any  undissolved  matters  may 
subside;  from  these  separate  the  medicated  lard; 
melt  it  with  the  wax  at  a  moderate  heat,  and  stir 
constantly  till  they  are  cold.  Ph.  U.  S.)  To 
keep  open  blisters,  issues,  <fee. 

Unguentum  Muria'tis  HyDRARGYRi  Oxyge- 
NA'to  MebiCA'tum,  Adeps  muria'te  hydrargyri 
oxygenate  medicatns,  Cyrillo's  Ointment,  { F. ) 
Pommade  de  Cyrillo.  (^Hydrar.  oi-ymiir.  4  p. ; 
adipis  suillcB  prcep.  32  p.  —  Ph.  P.)  Antivenereal 
and  alterative.     Used  in  friction,  ^ss  at  a  time. 

Unguentum  Nardinum,  see  Nardus  Indica — 
u.  Xeapolitanum,  Unguentum  hydrargyri  —  u. 
Nervinum,  Unguentum  Sambuci  —  u.  Nitricum 
vel  oxygenatum,  Unguentum  acidi  nitrosi. 

Unguentum  Ophthal'micum,  Adeps  ox'ido  hy- 
drargyri rubro  et  plumbi  aceta'te  medica'tus,  lie- 
gent's  Pommade  ophthalmique,  (F.)  Pommade  oph- 
thalmigne.  (Jiutyr.  recent.,  aq,  roaar.  lavat.  4J  p.; 


campiTior.,  oxyd.  hydrarg.  rubr.,  acetatia  phimhi, 
aa  0.25  p.  Mix  intimately. — Ph.  P.)  In  chronio 
inflammation  of  the  conjunctiva  or  tarsi. 

Unguentusi  Ophthalmicum,  Unguentum  oxidj 
zinci  impuri — u.  Ophthalmicum  rubrum,  Unguen- 
tum hydrargyri  nitrico-oxydi. 

Unguentum  Ox'idi  Hydrargyri  Cine'rei, 
Adeps  seu  Unguentum  ex  hydrargyro  mit'iua  dic' 
turn  cinereum,  Ointment  of  gray  oxide  of  mercury, 
(F.)  Onguent  gris.  {Oxyd.  hydrarg.  ciner.  p.  j  ; 
adipis  auilli,  p.  iij.  —  Ph.  E.)  Properties  like 
the  mercurial  ointment.     It  is  not  much  used. 

Unguentum  Ox'idi  Plumbi  Albi,  Ung.  cerus'- 
aa,  Ung.  album,  Ung.  aubaceta' tis plumbi,  Ointment 
of  white  oxide  of  lead.  White  ointment.  ( Ung. 
simpilicis,  p.  v;  oxyd.  pAumb.  alb.  p.  j.  —  Ph.  E. 
and  P.)  Cooling  and  desiccative.  Applied  to 
excoriated  and  burnt  surfaces. 

Unguentum  Oxidi  Plumbi  Carbonati,  U. 
Plumbi  subcarbonatis  —  u.  Oxidi  zinci,  Ungnien- 
tum  zinci. 

Unguentum  Ox'idi  Zinci  Impu'ei,  Ungxientum 
tu'ticB,  Ung.  op>hthal'inicuni,  Eye-salve,  Adeps  ox'- 
idi zinci  medica'tus,  Tutty  ointment,  Ointment  of 
impure  oxide  of  zinc.  [Linim.  ainipl.  p.  v;  oxyd, 
zinc.  imp.  prwp.  p.  j. —  Ph.  E.)  Generally  used 
in  ophthalmia  tarsi  and  atonic  ophthalmia. 

Unguentum  Picis  Liq'uid^e,  Ung.  Picis,  Ung. 
e  Pice.  Tar  Ointment.  (Picis  liquid.,  sevi,  sing. 
Ibj.  Melt,  and  stir  tQl  cold.)  Stimulant  and 
detergent.  Used  in  tinea  capitis,  and  other  cuta- 
neous eruptions. 

Unguentum  Picis  NiGRiE,  Unguentum  resinse 
nigrse  —  u.  Plumbi  acetatis,  Ceratum  plumbi  su- 
peracetatis  —  u.  Plumbi  carbonatis,  Unguentum 
plumbi  subcarbonatis — u.  Plumbi  oxydi  carbo- 
nati, Unguentum  plumbi  subcarbonatis — u. 
Plumbi  subacetatis,  Unguentum  oxidi  plumbi 
albi — u.  Plumbici  carbonatis,  Unguentum  plumbi 
subcarbonatis. 

Unguentum  Plumbi  Subcarbona'tis,  U.  plum- 
bi carbona'tis,  Cera'ium  de  cerus'sd,  Ung.  album, 
U.  album  simpilex,  U.  carbona'tis  plumbici,  U.ce- 
rua'sa,  U.  oxidi  plumbi  carbona'ti,  (F.)  Onguent 
blanc  de  Phazes,  0.  de  cernsse,  0.  de  Tornamira. 
{Plumbi  carbonat.  in  pulv.  subtiliss.  ,^ij ;  Un- 
guent, simpjl.  Ibj.  Add  the  carbonate  of  lead  to 
the  ointment  previously  softened  over  a  gentle 
fire,  and  mix.  —  Ph.  U.  S.)  Chiefly  used  as  a 
dressing  for  bums. 

Unguentum  Plumbi  Superaceta'tis,  U.  ace- 
ta'tis  pjlumbi,  Ointment  of  sugar  of  lead,  Unguen- 
tum Batumi' num,  U.  cerus'sm  aceta'tcB,  Bal'snmum 
universa'le.  {Olive  oil,  H)ss ;  white  wax,  3iss; 
siiperacetate  of  lead,  §ij.)  Cooling,  desiccative. 
Called,  also,  Balsamum  saturni'num,  Buty'rum 
satur'ni,  Linimen'tum  plumba'tum,  Poma'tum  sa- 
tur'ni,  Ung.  triphar'macum, 

Unguentum  Popule'um,  Adeps  ]}apav'ei-e,  Jiy- 
oscy'amo,  et  belladon'nd  medica'tus,  (Fresh  buds 
of  the  p>oj)ulus  nigra,  500  p.,  macerated  in  adeps 
suillus  jjrcBj).  melted,  1500  p.,  for  24  hours.  Pre- 
serve this.  Take  black  poppiy  leaves,  belladonna, 
hyoscyamus,  black  nightshade,  aa  128  p. ;  bruise 
in  a  mortar  with  the  former  preparation;  boil 
until  all  the  humidity  is  evaporated,  and  strain. — ■ 
Ph.  P.)  Anodyne.  Applied  to  local  inflamma- 
tions, hemorrhoids,  sore  nipples,  cancer,  <fcc. 
Green  elder  ointment  is  often  sold  for  this. 

Unguentum  Populeum,  see  Populus. 

Unguentum  Potas's^  Hydrioda'tis,  U.  po- 
tas'sii  io'didi.  Ointment  of  hydri'odate  of  potass, 
(Potass,  iodid.  in  pulv.  subtil.  ^J  i  "?•  Ijullient. 
f^J  i  udipis,  t,'].  Dissolve  the  iodide  in  the  water, 
and  mix  the  solution  with  the  lard.  —  Ph.  U.  S.) 
Ilalf  a  drachm  of  this  ointment  is  rubbed  oa 
scrofulous  glands,  goitre,  <tc. 

Unguentum  Potassxi  Iodidi,  Unguentum  Po- 


UNGUENTUM 


885 


UNSTRIPED 


tassEe  Hydriodatis — u.  Pulvis  meloes  vesicatorii, 
Cerate  of  cantharides — u.  Resinse  flavK,  Ceratum 
resinae  flavce. 

Unguentuji  PvESi'NjE  NigRjE,  Ung.  resina  ni- 
grum, Ung.  hasil'icon  nigrum,  Ung.  tetrapharm' a- 
cum,  Black  hasilicon,  Blade  resin  ointment,  Un- 
guenium  picis  nigrcB.  [Resin,  nigr.,  cera  flavm, 
resinas  flav.  aa  ^ix;  olei  olivce,  Oj. — Ph.  L.  Uses, 
the  same  as  the  Ceratum  resincB  or  Yellow  hasi- 
licon. 

UxGiJENTiTM  Resins  Pijfi  Sylvestris  CoJt- 
POSITUM,  Unguentum  de  Althaa — u.  Resinosum, 
Ceratum  resinae  flavae  —  u.  Resumptivum,  Un- 
guentum de  althaS,. 

Unguentum  Sabine,  Ceratum  Sabinse. 

Unguestuii  Saj[Bu'ci,  Ung.  samhn' cinum,Green 
ointment,  Unguentum  nervi'num,  Elder  ointment, 
(F.)  Onguent  de  sureau.  [Sambuci  flor.  tbij  ; 
udipis  preep.  Wij,  Boil. —  Ph.  L.  and  D.)  Emol- 
lient. 

Unguentum  Saturninum,  Unguentum  plumbi 
superacetatis — u.  ad  Seabiem  Zelleri,  Unguentum 
hydrargyri  prascipitati  albi — u.  Simplex,  Ceratum 
Galeni,  Unguentum  cera — u.  Solidum  de  cicuta, 
Emplastrum  cicutaj  —  u.  Spermatis  ceti,  Unguen- 
tum cetacei. 

Unguentum  Stramo'nii,  Ointment  of  Stramo'- 
nhtm.  [Ext.  stramon.  fol.  ^j  ;  adipis,  ^j.  Rub 
the  extrac?'  with  a  little  water  until  uniformly 
soft,  and  then  with  the  lard.  —  Ph.  U.  S.)  An 
anodyne  ointment  to  irritable  ulcers,  hemor- 
rhoids, &c. 

Unguentum  Subaceta'tis  Cupri,  U.  cnpri 
I  subaceta'tis  (Ph.  U.  S.),  Ung.  deter' gens,  Ung. 
hasil'icum  vir'ide,  Ung.  aru'ginis,  Bal'samnm 
viride.  Ointment  of  suhacetate  of  copper,  Ver'di- 
gris  ointment.  (Cupri  euhaeet.  in  puly.  subtiliss. 
5J  ;  ung.  simpl.  ^XT.  Add  the  subacetate  to  the 
ointment  previously  melted  with  a  moderate  heat, 
and  stir  till  cold.  —  Ph.  U.  S.)  Detergent  and 
esoharotic. 

Unguentum  Sulphura'ttjm  ad  ScA'BiEM,^(Zejos 
e^d'phure  et  ammo'nicB  muria'te  mediea'tus.  (Adi- 
pis, 120  p.;  sulph.  lot.  60  p.;  ammonicR  muriat., 
alumina  sulphat.  aa  4  p.  j  fiat  unguentum. —  Ph. 
P.)     Antipsoric. 

Bailey's  Itch  Ointment  is  composed  oi  olive  oil, 
lard,  nitre,  alum,  sidphate  of  zinc,  and  cinnabar  ; 
scented  with  oil  of  aniseed,  oil  of  origanum,  and 
oil  of  spike,  and  coloured  with  alkanet-root. 

Unguentum  Sdlphura'tum  Alcali'num  ad 
Sca'biem,  Adeps  sul'phure  et  carbona'te  potassa 
mediea'tus,  Hel'  meriek's  Alcahne  Sulphura'ted  Itch 
Ointment.  (Adip.  2:)r(Bp.  800  p. ;  sulphur,  lot.  200 
p.  ;  carbonat.  potass,  pur.  100  p.;  fiat  ung. —  Ph. 
P.)     Use,  same  as  the  last. 

Bateman's  Itch  Ointment  resembles  this.  It  is 
coloured  with  cinnabar,  and  scented  with  essence 
of  bergamot. 

Unguentum  Sul,'phuris,  Ung.  e  sulph'ure,  Sul- 
phur ointment.  (Sulph.  K) j  ;  adip.  tbij.  —  Ph.  U. 
S.)  Used  chiefly  in  itch,  and  some  herpetic 
affections. 

Unguentum  Sulphuris  Compos'itum,  Com- 
pound Sulphur  Ointment,  Itch  Ointment,  Unguen- 
tum Antipsor'icum,  Jackson's  Itch  Ointment,  Pom- 
made  Antipsorique  de  Jaeser.  (Sulph.  sublim. 
H)ss  ;  veratri  rad.  contus.  ^ij  ,•  potasses  nitrat.  ^j  ; 
saponia  mollis,  Ibss;  adipis,  ftiss  ;  ol.  bergamot. 
Tl\,xxx.  —  Ph.  L.)  The  Unguentum  Sulphuris 
Compositum  of  the  Pharm.  U.  S.,  is  made  as 
follows:  — Sulphur,  ^j  ;  hydrargyri  ammoniat., 
acid,  benzoic,  aa  ^j  ;  ol.  bergamot.,  acid,  sidphu- 
rie.  aa  fjj ;  potasscB  nitrat.  ^\^  ;  adipis,  Ibss.  To 
the  melted  lard  add  the  other  ingredients,  and 
Btir  till  cold.  Use,  the  same  as  the  last ;  but  it 
is  more  stimulating, 

Unguentum  Sulph'uris  Iod'idi,  Ointment  of 
Iodide  of  Sulphur,  (Sulphur,  iodid.  ^ss;  adipis, 


,^j.  Rub  the  iodide  with  a  little  of  the  lard ;  add 
the  remainder,  and  mix. — Ph.  U.  S.)  An  excel- 
lent application  in  chronic  cutaneous  affections. 

Unguentum  Susinum,  Crinomyron. 

Unguentum  Tab'aci,  Tobacco  Ointment.  (Ta~ 
bac.  recent,  coneis.  ^j  ;  adipis,  Ibj.  Boil  the  to- 
bacco in  the  lard,  over  a  gentle  fire,  till  it  be- 
comes friable  ;  then  strain  through  linen.  —  Ph. 
U.  S.)  Applied  to  irritable  ulcers,  tinea  capi- 
tis, &c. 

Unguentum  Tartari  Emetici,  U.  antimonH 
tartarizati  —  u.  Tartari  stibiati,  U.  antimonii  tar- 
tarizati  —  u.  e  Tartaro  potassje  stibiati,  U.  anti- 
monii tartarizati  —  u.  Tartratis  potassce  stibiati, 
U.  antimonii  tartarizati  —  u.  de  Terebinthiua  et 
adipibus,  U.  elemi  compositum  —  u.  de  Terebin- 
thina  et  cer§,,  U.  de  althaea — u.  Terebinthinae  et 
ovorum  vitelli,  U.  digestivum  simplex — u.  Tetra- 
pharmacum,  Basilicon,  U.  resina  nigras  —  u.  Tri- 
pharmacum,  U.  plumbi  superacetatis — u.  Tutiae, 
U.  oxidi  zinci  impuri. 

Unguentum  Vera'tri,  U.  V.  albi,  Unguentum 
helleb'ori  albi.  White  hellebore  ointment.  (Veratr, 
pulv.  5ij  ;  adipis,  §viij  ;  olei  Union.  ITLxx.)  Used 
in  cases  of  itch,  where  sulphur  is  objected  to.  It 
is  not  equally  efficacious. 

The  principal  ingredients  in  the  Edinburgh 
Ointment  are  white  hellebore  and  muriate  of  am- 
monia. 

Unguentum  ad  Vesicata,  U.  lyttse — u.  ad 
Vesicatoria,  Cerate  of  cantharides  —  u.  Vesicato- 
rium. 

UNGUENTUit  Zinci,  Ung.  ox'idi  zinci,  U.  zinci 
oxidi  (Ph.  U.  S.),  Zinc  ointment.  (Zinci  oxid. 
^j ;  adipis,  ^x'}.  Use,  the  same  as  that  of  the 
Unguentum  tutiee. 

Unguentum  Zinci  Oxidi,  U.  zinci. 

UNGUIS,  Hippocampus  minor,  Nail,  Ptery- 
gion — u.  Avis,  Hippocampus  minor — u.  Halleri, 
Hippocampus  minor  —  u.  Odoratus,  Blatta  By- 
zantia. 

Unguis  Os,  Os  lachryma'le.  A  small,  quadri- 
lateral, very  thin,  and  semi-transparent  bone, 
which  has  been  compared  to  a  human  nail,  and 
is  situate  at  the  anterior  and  inner  part  of  the 
orbit.  It  aids  in  the  formation  of  the  lachrymal 
gutter  and  the  nasal  duct.  It  is  articulated  with 
the  frontal,  superior  maxillary,  ethmoid,  and 
inferior  spongy  bones,  and  is  developed  by  a  sin- 
gle punctum  ossificationis. 

UN6ULA  CABALLINA,  Tussilago. 

UNGUL.^  PALPEBRARUM,  see  Tarsus. 

UNILOCULAR,  Unilocula'ris,  from  tinus, 
'one,'  and  loculus,  'a  cell.'  Having  one  cell  or 
cavity,  as  Biloc'ular  means  having  two  cells  or 
cavities  ;  midtiloc'ular,  having  many. 

UNIO,  Pearl. 

UNIOCULUS,  Cyclops,  Monoculus. 

UNIPARIENS,  Uniparous. 

UNIPARIENT,  Uniparous. 

UNIP'AROUS,  Unipa'rient,  Unrpariens,  from 
units,  'one,'  and  pario,  'I  bring  forth.'  Pro- 
ducing one  at  a  birth. 

UNISE'MA  DELTIFO'LIA,  Pontede'ria  cor- 
da'ta,  Shovel  Pickerelweed,  Pond  Shovel,  Shovel- 
lenf  Water  Plantain.  An  indigenous  plant,  Ord. 
Pontederiacese,  Sex.  Syst.  Hexandria  Monogynia, 
which  grows  in  water,  and  flowers  from  June  to 
August.    The  root  is  emollient  and  astringent. 

UNI'TING  BANDAGE,  (F.)  Bandage  unls- 
sant.  A  bandage  for  bringing  the  edges  of  4 
wound  into  approximation.  The  arrangement 
of  such  a  bandage  differs  according  as  the  wound 
is  transverse  or  longitudinal. 

UNIVOCAL  GENERATION,  see  Generation. 

UNOCULUS,  Borgne,  Cyclops,  Monoculus. 

UNORGANIZED,  Inorganic. 

UNSTRIPED  MUSCULAR  FIBRE, seeMu3- 
cular  fibre. 


UNWELL 


8S6 


URETHRA 


UlSTWELL,  see  Menstruation. 

UPAS.  A  word  used  in  the  Archipelagos  of 
Molucca  and  Sunda,  and  signifying  Verjetahle 
Poison,  Ipo,  Bolion  Upas,  Boa  Up>as,  Pohon  An- 
tiar,  Boon  Upas.  A  substance  used  by  the  na- 
tives of  those  places  for  poisoning  their  arrows. 
The  smallest  quantity  is  capable  of  destroying 
the  largest  animal.  The  tree  which  produces  it 
ia  said  to  be  the  Antia'ris  Toxiea'ria.  Another 
species  of  upas,  the  U.  Tieiite,  is  the  produce  of  a 
Strychnoa.  Many  idle  stories  are  told  regarding 
the  upas,  most  of  which  are  fabulous. 

U'RACHUS,  U'racus,  Urinac' idum,  from  ovpov, 
'urine,'  and  cx'^'  '^  contain.'  (F.)  Otiraque.  The 
urachus,  in  certain  animals,  is  a  long  membranous 
canal,  which  arises  from  the  bladder,  makes  its 
exit  from  the  abdomen  by  the  umbilicus,  and  ter- 
minates in  the  pouch  called  allaatois.  According 
to  Sabatier,  this  is  the  arrangement  of  the  urachus 
in  the  human  foetus;  but  Bichat  and  other  ana- 
tomists consider,  that  when  the  canal  exists  in  it, 
it  is  a  malformation.  They  regard  it  as  a  kind 
of  suspensory  ligament  of  the  bladder,  extending 
from  the  top  of  that  organ  to  the  umbilicus  ;  and, 
at  the  umbilicus,  confounded  with  the  abdominal 
aponeurosis. 

URACRATIA,  Enuresis. 

URACUS,  Urachus. 

UR^'MIA,  from  ovpov,  '  urine,'  and  'ai^a, 
'blood.'  A  condition  of  the  blood  in  which  it 
contains  urine  or  urea. 

URALI,  Curare. 

URANA,  Ureter. 

URANE,  Urinal. 

URANISCONI'TIS,  from  ovpaviaKo;,  'the  pa- 
late,' and  ith,  denoting  inflammation.  Palati'tis. 
Inflammation  of  the  palate. 

URAXISCOPLAS'TICE,  irom  ovpavK^Ko;,  'the 
roof  of  the  mouth,'  and  TrAao-rocos,  'forming.'  The 
operation  of  engrafting  in  case  of  deficiency  of 
the  soft  palate. 

URANISCORRHAPHIA,  Staphylorraphy. 

URAXISCOS,  Palate. 

URANORRHAPHIA,  Staphylorraphy. 

URAPOSTE'MA,  Ahsces'sus  unno'sus,  Uroe- 
de'ma.  A  tumefaction  produced  by  the  escape 
of  urine.     An  abscess  containing  urine. 

URARI,  Curare. 

URAS,  Urate. 

URATE,  Uras,  Lithnte,  ZitJias ;  from  ovpov, 
'urine.'  A  generic  name  for  salts,  formed  by  the 
combination  of  uric  or  lithic  acid  with  different 
bases.  Urate  or  Lithate  of  Soda  is  found  in 
arthritic  calculi: — Urate  or  Lithate  of  Ammo'nia 
in  some  urinary  calculi. 

URE'A,  Uren,  Uren'ium,  U'ricum,  Ilate'ria 
urino'sa,  Princip'ium  seu  Sal  urino'sum,  (F.) 
Uree.  Same  etymon.  A  white,  pearly,  brilliant 
Bubstance,  in  transparent  plates,  inodorous,  and 
of  a  cool  taste ;  very  soluble  in  water ;  deliques- 
cent, and  soluble  in  alcohol.  It  exists,  in  great 
quantity,  in  the  urine ;  and  is  an  essential  part 
of  it.  It  has  been  used  as  a  diuretic.  Dose,  gr. 
X.V  to  9j. 

UREC'CHYSIS,  Urech'ysis,  from  ovpov,  'urine,' 
and  zK^vcns,   'effusion.'     Effusion  of  urine  into 
the  cellular  membrane. 
UREDO,  Urticaria. 
UBEE,  Urea. 

UREiMA,  Urine, 

UREN,  Urea. 

URENIUM,  Urea. 

URENS,  Caustic. 

UREORRHGEA,  Diabetes. 

URESI^STHESIS,  Diuresisesthesis. 

URESIS,  Micturition, 


URE'TER.  Same  etymon  as  Urate.  U'rana, 
Vena  alba  reniim,  Cana'lis  ner'veus  fiisiuJo'b'us  re- 
nnni.  Ductus  seu  Diictor  Uri' ncB,  Vas  tirlna'rium, 
(F.)  Uretere.  A  loDg,  excretory  canal — membra- 
nous and  cylindrical  —  which  conveys  the  urine 
from  the  kidney  to  the  bladder.  It  extends,  ob- 
liquely, between  the  pelvis  of  the  kidney,  with 
which  it  is  continuous,  and  the  baa  fovd  of  the 
bladder,  into  which  it  opens.  It  enters  at  the 
posterior  and  inferior  part,  for  some  distance  be- 
tween the  coats,  and  opens  into  the  cavity  of  the 
bladder,  at  the  posterior  angle  of  the  Trigone 
vesical.  The  ureter  is  formed  of  an  exterior, 
white,  opake,  and  fibrous  membrane;  and  of  an 
inner,  which  is  mucous. 

URETERAL'GIA,  from  ovpnrnp,  'the  ureter,' 

and   aXyos,   'pain.'     Pain   in    the  course  of  the 

ureter, — as  from  calculus.  Ureteral' gia  calculo'ta. 

Ureteralgia  Calculosa,  see  Ureteralgia  — 

u.  Inflammatoria,  Ureteritis. 

URETERE,  Ureter. 

URETER'ICUS.  An  epithet  for  ischury,  &c., 
arising  from  an  affection  of  the  ureter. 

URETERI'-TIS,  Uretcral'gia  inflammato'i-ia, 
Ureteroplilegma'sia.  Inflammation  of  the  ureter ; 
generally  caused  by  calculus. 

URETERO-LITH'ICUS,  from  ovprirnp,  'the 
ureter,'  and  Ai5of,  'a  stone.'  An  epithet  applied 
to  ischury  or  other  affection  caused  by  a  stone  in 
the  ureter. 

URETEROL'ITHUS.  Same  etymon.  Calcu- 
lus in  the  ureter. 

URETEROPHLEGMASIA,  Ureteritis. 
URETERO-PIILEGMAT'ICUS,  from  ovpvTr,p, 
'the   ureter,'    and    (pXtyfia,    'phlegm    or  mucus.' 
Any  affection  caused  by  mucus  accumulated  in 
the  ureter. 

URETERO-PY'ICUS,  from  ovprirrip,  'the 
ureter,'  and  ttvov,  'pus.'  An  epithet  applied  to  af- 
fections caused  bythe  presence  of  pus  in  the  ureter. 
URETERORRHAG"IA,  from  ovpr,Tr,p,  'the 
ureter,'  and  payrj,  'rupture.'  Hemorrhage  from 
the  ureter. 

URETERO-STOMAT'ICUS,  from  ovpvTvp, 
'  the  ureter,'  and  arofia,  '  orifice.'  That  which  is 
dependent  upon  obstruction  of  the  orifice  of  the 
ureter. 

URETERO-THROMBOi'DES,  from  ovp^rnp, 
'the  ureter,'  Spo/jPog,  'grumous  blood,'  and  ci&o;, 
'  resemblance.'  Ischury  from  grumous  blood  in 
the  ureter. 

UPuE'THRA,  ovpri^pa,  Cana'Ua  seu  Ifea'tua  seu 
Ductua  urina'rius,  Urias,  Ure'tra,  Eis'iula  iirina'- 
ria.  Iter  urina'riuin  seu  Uri'nce;  (F.)  Urethre, 
Uretre,  from  ovpov,  'urine.'  The  excretory  ducts 
for  the  urine  in  both  sexes ;  and  for  the  sperm  in 
man.  In  the  latter,  it  is  8  or  10  inches  long  ;  and 
extends  from  the  neck  of  the  bladder  to  the  ex- 
tremity of  the  penis,  in  which  its  external  aper- 
ture is  situate.  In  the  male  urethra,  three  por- 
tions are  distinguished: — 1.  A  Prostatic  portion, 
near  the  bladder,  about  an  inch  and  a  quarter  in 
length,  which  traverses  the  prostate  gland:  — 
2.  A  wembranous  portion.  Isthmus  iire'thra.  Pan 
vre'thra  membrana' cea,  from  8  to  10  lines  long, 
which  is  separated  from  the  rectum  by  the  areo- 
lar tissue  only  :  —  3.  A  apjongy  j>ortion,  which  ex- 
pands, anteriorly,  to  form  the  glans,  and  which 
commences  at  the  bulh  of  the  urethra.  Before 
opening  externally,  the  canal  has  a  dilatation, 
called  the  Fossa  or  Fossie'ula  navicula'ria.  On 
the  interior  of  the  urethra  two  white  lines  are 
perceptible  —  the  one  above,  the  other  below. 
The  latter  commences  at  the  verumontanum  ;  and 
at  the  surface  of  this,  the  ejacnlatory  ducts,  and 
prostatic  ducts  open.  The  urethra  is  lined,  in  its 
whole  extent,  by  a  mucous  membrane  j  on  which 


URETHRAL 


887 


URINARY 


are  seen,  particularly  at  the  bulb,  the  orifices  of 
a  number  of  follicular  ducts,  Lacunce  or  Sinuses 
of  Morgagni.  At  about  an  inch  and  a  half  from 
the  opening  of  the  meatus,  one  of  these  laouna3  is 
generally  found,  much  larger  than  the  rest,  and 
is  named  Lacuna  Magna.  The  arteries  of  the 
urethra  are  numerous,  and  proceed  from  the  in- 
ternal pudic,  —  the  largest  branches  entering  the 
bulb.  The  veins  follow  the  course  of  the  arteries. 
The  lymphatics  pass  into  the  inguinal  and  hypo- 
gastric plexuses.  The  nerves  come  from  the  pu- 
dic and  gluteal.  In  the  female,  the  urethra  is 
only  about  an  inch  long.  It  is  wider  than  in 
man,  and  susceptible  of  great  dilatation.  It  is 
very  wide  at  its  commencement ;  and  descends 
obliquely  forwards,  to  terminate  at  the  top  of  the 
external  aperture  of  the  vagina  by  the  mea'tus 
urina'rius.  In  its  course,  it  is  slightly  curved, 
the  concavity  being  forwards. 

Urethra,  Blind  Ducts  of  the,  see  Cajcus  — 
u.  Mucous  lacunas  of  the,  see  Caucus. 

URE'THRAL,  Urethra'lis.  Ure'tkrious,  from 
ovpriBpa,  '  the  urethra.'     Relating  to  the  urethra. 

URETHRAL'GIA,  from  ovpr,Qpa,  <  the  urethra,' 
and  aXyos,  '  pain.'  Pain  in  the  urethra.  Gonor- 
rhoea. ^ 

URETHRE,  Urethra. 

URETHREMPHRAXIS,  Urethrophraxis. 

URETHRITIS,  Gonorrhcea. 

URETIIROBLENNORRHCE'A,  from  ov^v^pa, 
'the  urethra,'  (SXcvva,  'mucus,'  and  ptto,  'I  flow.' 
Gonorrhoea;  gleet. 

URETHROCYSTAUCHENOTOMIA,  see  Li- 
thotomy. 

URETHROCYSTEOANEURYSMATOTOM - 
lA,  see    Lithotomy. 

URETHROCYSTEOTRACHELOTOMIA,  see 
Lithotomy. 

URETHROH^MORRHAGIA,  Urethrorrha- 
gia. 

URETHROPHRAX'IS,  UrethrempTirax'is, 
from  ovprjSpa,  '  the  urethra,'  and  <ppaaaii),  '  I  ob- 
struct.'    Obstruction  of  the  urethra. 

URETHROPLAS'TIC,  Urethroplas'ticus;  from 
ovpr/Spa,  'the  urethra,'  and  -aXaaaui,  'I  form.'  An 
epithet  given  to  the  operation  urethroplasty  which 
supplies  defects  in  the  canal  of  the  urethra  through 
which  the  urine  escapes. 

U  R E  T  H  ROR  R  HA'G lA,  UretTirohcBmorrha' - 
gia,  Caulorrha' gia  stillatit"ia,  HcBmatu'ria  stil- 
latW'ia,  from  ovpn^pa,  '  the  urethra,'  and  priyvvpa, 
'  I  break  out.'  Hemorrhage  from  the  urethra.  — 
Frank. 

URETHRORRHCE'A,  from  ovpvSpa,  'the  ure- 
thra,' and  jjfw,  '  I  flow.'  A  discharge  of  any  kind 
from  the  urethra. 

URETHROSTENO'SIS,  Strictu'ra  ure'tJircB, 
Urosteno'sis,  from  ovprjdpa,  'the  urethra,'  and 
artvojat;,  'narrowness.'     Stricture  of  the  urethra. 

URETHROT'OMUS,  (F.)  Urethrotome,  from 
ovpt]Spa,  'the  urethra,'  and  rspvu,  'I  cut.'  An 
instrument  so  called  by  Le  Cat,  with  which  he 
divided  the  skin,  and  laid  open  the  urethra,  in 
the  operation  for  lithotomy.  Also,  an  instrument 
for  dividing  strictures  of  the  urethra. 

URETHROT'OMY,  Urethrotom'ia ;  same  ety- 
mon. An  operation,  which  consists  in  opening 
the  urethra  for  the  removal  of  stricture.  See 
Boutonniere. 

URETHRYMENO'DES,  from  ovpn^pa,  'the 
urethra,'  and  'vpnv,  '  a  membrane.'  That  which 
is  caused  by  a  membrane  formed  in  the  urethra. 

URETICUS,  Diuretic,  Urinary. 

URETRA,  Urethra. 

URETRE,  Urethra. 

URETRIS,  Urinal. 

URIAS,  Fistula,  (urinary,)  Urethra. 


URIASIS,  Lithia,  Uresis. 

URIC  ACID,  Ac"{dum  u'ricum,  Ac"idum  urom 
lith'icum,  Acichim  lith'icum,  Lithic  Acid,  TJrylia 
Acid.  An  acid  which  exists  in  human  urine, 
chieflj',  if  not  wholly,  in  the  form  of  urate  of  soda 
or  urate  of  ammonia,  and  which  in  combination 
constitutes  the  greater  part  of  urinary  calculi. 
It  is  often  deposited  from  the  urine  in  health. 
See  Calculi,  urinary. 

URIC  OXIDE,  Ox'idum  u'r-icum,  Xanthic  ox- 
ide, Xanthine,  Urous  acid.  A  substance  not  dis- 
covered in  healthy  urine,  although  probably  bear- 
ing some  relation  to  the  yellow  colouring  matter. 
It  is  a  verj''  rare  ingredient  of  calculous  concre- 
tions, and  little  is  known  either  of  its  chemical  or 
pathological  history. 

URICUM,  Urea. 

URICUS,  Urinary. 

URINA  CEREBELLA,  see  Cerebella— u.  Chy- 
li,  see  Urine  —  u.  Cibi,  see  Urine  —  u.  Diabetica, 
Urine,  diabetic  —  u.  Febrilis,  Urine,  febrile  —  u. 
Furfuracea,  see  Furfuraceous — u.  Galactodes,  see 
Galactodes — u.  Genitalis,  Sperm — u.  Jumentosa 
sen  Jumentaria,  Urine,  jumentous  —  u.  Mucosa, 
Cystirrhoea  —  u.  Nephelodes,  see  Nepheloid  —  u. 
Oroboides  sen  Orobodes,  see  Oroboides  —  u.  Peri- 
cardii, see  Pericardium  —  u.  PotHs,  see  Urine  — 
u.  Sanguinis,  see  Urine — u.  Vacca3,  Urine,  cows'. 

URINACULUM,  Uraehus,  Urinal. 

URIN^  PROFLUVIUM,  Diabetes  — u.  Sup- 
pressio.  Ischuria — u.  Stillicidium,  Strangury — u. 
Substillum,  Strangury. 

U'RINAL,  Urinato'rium,  CherniVium,  Vrane, 
Vre'tris,  Urinac'tdum,  Urodochi'mn,  Urod'oche, 
Urodoehe'um,  Uratra'cium,  3Iatra' citim,  Mafula, 
Blatel'la  ;  from  vrina,  '  urine.'     A  name  given, 

1.  To  certain  vessels,  used  to  pass  the  urine  into. 

2.  To  reservoirs,  of  different  shapes  and  charac- 
ter, which  are  adapted  to  the  penis,  in  cases  of 
incontinence  of  urine,  and  which  are  intended  to 
receive  the  urine  as  it  flows  off. 

URINALIS,  Diuretic,  Urinary. 

URINARIA,  Antirhinum  linaria,  Leontodon 
taraxacum. 

U'RINARY,  Urina'rixis,  Urina'lis,  TJrino'svs, 
JJ'ricus,  Uret'icus.  Same  etymon.  That  which 
relates  to  the  urine. 

Urinary  Bladder,  Vesi'ca  Urina'ria.  Cystis, 
■  Urocys'iis,  (F.)  Vessie.  A  musculo-membranous 
reservoir,  intended  for  the  reception  of  the  urine, 
until  the  accumulation  of  a  certain  quantity  so- 
licits its  excretion.  The  bladder  is  situate  in  the 
hypogastric  region,  between  the  rectum  and  pubis 
in  man  ;  and  between  the  pubis  and  vagina  in  the 
female.  Its  upper  region  is  not  covered,  except 
by  the  peritoneum,  posteriorly.  From  its  centre 
arises  the  uraehus.  Its  lower  region  is  bounded, 
anteriorly,  by  the  prostate,  in  man  ;  and  rests  on 
the  vesicul^  seminales  and  rectum.  In  the  fe- 
male, it  corresponds  to  the  vagina.  The  lowest 
portion  of  this  region  bears  the  name  Basfond. 
The  anterior  surface  of  the  organ  is  not  covered 
bj'  peritoneum.  It  is  attached  to  the  symphysis 
pubis  by  a  fibro-cellular  expansion  called  the  an- 
terior ligament.  The  posterior  ligaments  are 
duplicatures  of  the  peritoneum  on  its  posterior 
surface,  which  extend  from  this  surftice  to  the 
rectum  in  the  male,  and  to  the  uterus  in  the  fe- 
male. The  bladder  is  composed  of  a  serous  mem- 
brane, formed  by  the  peritoneum  ; — of  a  muscular 
membrane  ;  of  a  somewhat  thick  layer  of  areolar 
tissue;  and  is  lined  on  its  inner  surface,  by  a 
mucous  membrane,  which  is,  sometimes,  raised 
up,  here  and  there,  in  long  prominences  or  column* 
by  the  muscular  fibres  beneath.  To  this  condi- 
tion, the  French  anatomists  give  the  t'Crm — vessie 
d  colonnes.  In  the  has-fond  the  two  ureters  open, 
and  the  urethra  commences ;  and  the  triangula/ 


URINATORIUM 


UEINE 


space,  ■whicli  tlie  apertures  of  these  three  canals 
leave  between  them,  is  called,  by  the  French,  the 
Trigone  vesical  or  Vesical  Triangle,  Trigo'nus 
seu  Trigo'ntim  vesi'ccB  seu  Lieutau'di.  In  the 
orifice  of  the  urethra,  which  is  also  called  the 
neck  of  the  bladder,  there  is,  at  its  lower  part,  a 
more  or  less  prominent  tubercle,  which  is  formed 
by  the  anterior  angle  of  the  Trigone  vesical,  and 
is  called  the  Vesical  uvula,  Uvula  vesi'ccB,  (F.) 
Jjuette  vesicale. 

The  arteries  of  the  bladder  proceed  from  the 
hypogastric,  umbilical,  sciatic,  middle  hemor- 
rhoidal, and  internal  pudic.  Its  veins,  which  are 
more  numerous  than  the  arteries,  open  into  the 
hypogastric  venous  plexus.  Its  nerves  emanate 
from  the  sciatic  and  hypogastric  plexuses ;  and 
its  lymphatic  vessels  pass  into  the  hypogastric 
ganglia. 

Ukinart  Calculi.  The  calculi  which  form 
in  the  urinary  passages.     See  Calculi,  urinary. 

Urinary  Passages,  (F.)  Voies  urinaires.  The 
aggregate  of  canals  and  cavities  intended  to  con- 
tain the  urine  and  convey  it  externally.  These 
ways  are  composed  of  excretory  ducts,  which 
form  the  tubular  portion  of  the  kid-ney ;  of 
calices  ;  pelvis  ;  ureters ;  bladder ;  and  urethra. 

URINATORIUM,  Urinal. 

URINE,  Uri'na,  U'ron,  TJre'ma,  Lot'ium,  Lot, 
Lapis  au'reus,  Omich'ma,  Recremen'ta  seu  Retri- 
men'ta  vesi'ccB,  Aqua  pedum.  Aqua.  An  excre- 
mentitial  fluid ;  secreted  by  the  cortical  part  of 
the  kidney ;  filtered  through  the  tubular  portion; 
poured  guttatim  from  the  apices  of  the  tubular 
papilliB  into  the  pelvis  of  the  kidney ;  and  trans- 
mitted by  it  to  the  ureters;  which  convey  it 
slowly,  but  in  a  continuous  manner,  into  the  blad- 
der, where  it  remains  deposited,  until  its  accumu- 
lation excites  a  desire  to  void  it.  The  excretion 
of  the  fluid  takes  place  through  the  urethra;  and 
is  caused  by  the  action  of  the  abdominal  muscles 
and  diaphragm  and  the  contraction  of  the  fibrous 
coat  of  the  bladder.  Urine  is  transparent ;  of  a 
citron-yellow  colour  ;  of  a  peculiar  odour,  and  of 
an  acid,  saline,  and  slightly  bitter  taste.  That 
which  is  passed  some  time  after  taking  fluid,  is 
less  coloured,  and  less  odorous  and  dense  than 
that  which  is  voided  7  or  8  hours  after  eating. 
The  first  is  the  Uri'na  potus,  (F.)  Urine  de  la 
Boisson,  Urine  from  drink: — the  latter  Uri'na 
san'guinis,  (F.)  Urine  de  la  digestion,  Urine  de 
la  coction,  Urine  eiiite,  Qocted  urine,  Urine  of  di- 
gestion. Three  distinct  varieties  of  urine  may, 
according  to  Dr.  Golding  Bird,  be  recognised : 
First.  That  passed  some  little  time  after  drinking 
freely  of  fluids,  which  is  generally  pale,  and  of 
low  specific  gravity — 1.003  to  1.009 — Urina  po- 
tils.  Secondly,  That  secreted  after  the  digestion 
of  a  full  meal;  s.g.  1.020  to  1.028,  or  even  1.030 
—  Urina  chyli  Yel  cibi.  Thirdly,  That  secreted 
independently  of  the  immediate  stimulus  of  food 
and  drink,  as  after  a  night's  rest,  which  is  usually 
of  average  density — 1.015  to  1.025,  and  presents 
the  essential  characters  of  urine — Urina  san- 
guinis. 

The  following  are  the  ordinary  constituents  of 
healthy  human  urine  : — urea,  uric  acid,  [hippuric 
acid;]  extractive  matters,  embracing  alcohol  ex- 
tract, spirit  extract,  and  water  extract,  with  their 
respective  constituents  ;  mucus  ;  brown  colouring 
matter  of  the  urine,  (hasmaphcein  ;)  red  colouring 
matter  of  the  urine,  (uroerythrin  ;)  carbonic,  hic- 
tic,  hydrochloric,  sulphuric,  phosphoric,  silicic, 
and  hydrofluoric  acids;  sodit;  potassa;  ammo- 
nia; lime;  magnesia;  and  peroxide  of  iron.  The 
proportion  of  solid  matters  in  1000  parts  of  urine 
may  vary  from  20  to  70.  The  following  table 
expresses  the  relative  amounts  of  the  different 
compon'^nts  in  every  100  parts  of  the  solid  mat- 


ter,  according  to  the  analysis  of  different  obi 
servers : 

Eerzelius.  Lehraann.  Simon.  Marchand 

Urea,                           45.10  49.G8  33.80        48.91 

Uric  Acid,                      1.50  l.Cl  1.40          1.5'J 
Extractive  matter,") 

^n'S'"chioridfof|'36-30  28.95  42.60  32.49 

Sodium,  J 

Alkaline  Sulphates,   ICSO  11.58  8.14  10.18 

Alkaline  Piiosphates,  6.88  5.96  6.50  4.57 

Phosphates  of  lime  j    ,  -„  „_  .„ 

and  magnesia,       \    •^•^"  ^■^'  ^-^^  ^-^^ 

Its  average  specific  gravity  is  about  1.015.  The 
quantity  passed  by  the  adult  in  the  24  hours  va- 
ries. On  the  average  it  may  amount  to  two 
pounds  and  a  half.  Sometimes,  the  urine,  in 
health  and  disease,  exhibits  appearances  that 
have  received  special  names.  Thus,  that  which 
is  characterized  by  a  deficiency  of  solid  matters 
generally,  has  been  called -H;/cZrM'rja,  {'viup,  'wa- 
ter ;')  by  a  deficiency  of  urea,  Anazotn'ria,  {av, 
privative,  and  azote;)  by  a  superabundance  of 
urea,  Azotu'ria.  Urine  in  •which  the  deposit 
consists  of  lithic  acid,  and  the  lithates,  has  been 
termed  Lithu'ria  ;  and  that  in  which  the  deposit 
consists  of  the  earthy  and  earthy-alkaline  phos- 
phates, PAosjsAit'ria  Ceramu' ria,  {Kspa/jog,  'potters' 
earth,')  &o.  &c.  At  times,  a.  pellicle  forms  on  the 
surface  [Cremor  v.rinm)  which  consists  of  mucus 
and  some  salts  :  at  others,  there  is  a  cloud,  (Nn- 
hec'ula,  nubes,)  towards  its  upper  part,  which  is 
called  Enceore'ma  when  it  is  suspended,  as  it 
were,  about  the  middle  of  the  liquid.  Occasion- 
ally, there  is  a  sediment,  to  which  the  names  Uy- 
pos'tasis,  Sediraen'tum,  &c.,  have  been  given.  (See 
these  various  words.)  The  urine  is  often  deserv- 
ing of  attention  in  disease;  but  it  has  been  con- 
sidered a  matter  of  more  importance  than  it  me- 
rits. Some  empirics  have  presumed  to  pronounce 
on  the  nature  of  disease  by  simply  inspecting  it. 
See  Uroscopy. 

Human  urine  was,  at  one  time,  considered  ape- 
rient; and  was  given  in  jaundice,  in  the  dose  of 
one  or  two  ounces.  Cow's  urine,  Urina  Vaccce, 
Alljlower  water,  was  once  used,  warm  from  the 
cow,  as  a  purge,  in  the  dose  of  Oss. 

Urine  has  been  variously  designated  by  pa- 
thologists, according  to  its  appearance,  &c.,  for 
example:  — 

Urine,  Ax.e'mic,  Uri'na  ance'mica.  Used,  but 
not  felicitously,  for  the  form  of  urine  that  occurs 
in  anffimia,  chlorosis,  (fee. —  Becquerel. 

URINE  ARDENT E,  Ardenturine— u.Bloody, 
Hematuria — u.  de  la  Boisson,  Urine,  hysterical, 
see  Urine — «.  de  la  Coction,  see  Urine. 

Urine,  Crude,  (F.)  Urine  crite.  Urine  that  is 
thin,  transparent,  and  but  little  coloured,  afford- 
ing neither  cloud  nor  deposite. 

URINE  CRUE,  Urine,  crude  — m.  Cuite,  see 
Urine. 

Urine,  Ctstinic,  Oi/sfinii'ria.  Urine  eont.ain- 
ing  cystine  or  cystic  oxide  in  solution,  or  as  a 
deposite. 

Urine,  Diabetic,  Uri'na  dinhe'tica.  Urine 
passed  in  Biahetes  mellitus,  Melitii'ria.  It  con- 
tains a  large  quantity  of  sugar  analogous  to  that 
of  the  grape,  which  maybe  separated  in  the  form 
of  crystals.  In  other  respects,  the  urine  is  very 
abundant  and  very  limpid  in  that  aS'ection. 

URINE  BE  LA  BIGESTION,  see  Urine. 

Urine,  Drop'sical,  is  an  ammoniaeal  urine, 
often  containing  much  albumen  and  scarcely  any 
urea. 

Urine,  Dyspep'tic,  has  been  found  to  precipi- 
tate tannin  abundantly,  and  to  soon  putrefy. 

URINE  EPAISSE,  Urine,  mucilaginous. 

Urine,  Febrile,  Uri'na  fehri'lis.  Urine  dis- 
charged in  inflammation  and  inflammatory  fover. 


URINE 


8S9 


UROPYGIOjST 


Urine,  Filamentotjs,  see  Filamentous. 

Urine,  Floc'culent,  (F.)  Urine  floconneuse, 
is  when  the  fluid  is  troubled  by  flocculi,  suspend- 
ed in  it. 

Urine,  Furfura'ceotjs,  see  Furfuraceous — u. 
Floconneuse,  Urine,  flocculent  —  «.  dea  Goutteux, 
Urine,  gouty. 

Urine,  Gouty,  (F.)  Urine  des  gotitfetix,  con- 
tains much  phosphate  of  lime,  and,  after  severe 
attacks  of  gout,  precipitates  a  mixture  of  the  uric 
and  rosaeio  acids. 

URINE  HUILEUSE,  Urine,  oily. 

Urine,  Hyster'ical,  is  clear,  colourless,  and 
similar  to  the  Urine  de  la  Boisson. 

Urine,  Icter'ical,  contains  bile. 

Urine,  Incontinence  of,  Enuresis. 

Urine  op  Inplam'matory  Diseases.  This 
is,  generally,  small  in  quantity,  and  very  high- 
coloured. 

Urine,  Involuntary  Discharge  op.  Enuresis. 

Urine,  Jumen'tous,  Uri'na  jumento'sa  senju- 
tnenta'ria,  (F.)  Urine  Jumenteuse.  A  term  used, 
by  the  French,  for  ammoniaeal  urine,  rendered 
turbid  by  a  substance  similar  to  small  grains  of 
dust,  which  causes  it  to  resemble  the  urine  of 
herbivorous  animals. 

URINE  LACTESOENTE,V.  milky— «.  Zai- 
teuse,  Urine,  milky. 

Urine,  Milky,  (F.)  Urine  lacteseente  ou  lai- 
tense.     White  and  troubled  urine. 

Urine,  Mucilag"inous,  (F.)  Urine  epaisse. 
Urine  containing  much  mucus. 

Urine,  Nervous.  Thin  and  very  liquid  urine; 
such  as  is  passed  shortly  after  the  attack  of  ner- 
vous diseases. 

Urine  of  Nervous  Fevers  is  generally  very 
thin ;  and  often  deposits  a  mixture  of  uric  and 
rosacic  acids. 

Urine,  Oily,  (F.)  Urine  huileuse,  is  that  which 
pours  like  oil,  or  which  has  an  oily  pellicle  at  its 
surface. 

Urine,  Oxal'ic,  Oxalu'ria.  Urine  containing 
a  salt  of  the  oxalic  acid. 

Urine,  PH0SPH0REs'cENT,PAos^3^om'rja,P^og- 
jjTiu'ria.  Urine  which  is  luminous  or  phospho- 
rescent. 

Urine,  Pur'puric,  see  Porphyruria. 

Urine,  Rick'ety,  contains  much  phosphate  of 
lime. 

Urine,  Sandy,  Arenosa  urina — u.  Stoppage  of. 
Ischuria — u.  Tenne,  Urine,  thin. 

Urine,  Thin,  (F.)  Urine  tenue.  Urine  that  is 
transparent,  slightly  coloured,  and  but  little  dense. 

URINIF'EROUS,  Urinifer,  from  ovpov,  'urine,' 
and  fero,  '  I  carry.'     That  which  carries  urine. 

Uriniferous  Substance  op  the  Kidney,  see 
Kidney. 

Urinif'erous  Tubes  or  Ducts  of  Belli'ni, 
Tu'huli  vel  duc'tus  urinif'eri  Belli'ni,  Tu'buli 
Belli'ni,  Bellinia'ni  Ductus,  Bellinia'nm  Fis'tulce. 
The  collection  of  small  tubes,  converging  from 
the  cortical  part  of  the  kidney  to  the  apices  of 
the  papilla}. 

URINODES,  Urinous. 

URINOM'ETER,  from  ovpov,  'urine,'  and  /ur- 
pov,  '  measure.'  A  small  hydrometer  for  taking 
the  specific  gravity  of  urine.  The  urinometer 
suggested  by  Dr.  Prout  is  divided  into  60  degrees, 
the  zero  being  the  point  at  which  it  floats  in  dis- 
tilled water.  The  numbers  on  the  scale  added  to 
1000,  the  specific  gravity  of  water,  give  the  par- 
ticular specific  gravity  :  thus,  supposing  the  num- 
ber cut  by  the  surface  of  the  liquid  to  be  30,  it 
would  indicate  a  s.  g.  of  1.030.  The  letters  H.  S. 
on  the  back  of  the  scale  mean  "  healthy  stand- 
ard," which  ranges  from  10°  to  20°. 

U'RINOUS,  Urino'8W),Urino'des.  Having  the 
character  of  urine.     Similar  to  urine. 


UROCE'LB,  (Ede'ma  scroti  nrino'smn,  UroB- 
cheoce'te,  Oschcoce'le  urina' lis,  frova  ovpov,  'urine,' 
and  KrjXi],  '  a  rupture.'  A  tumour  of  the  scrotum, 
owing  to  the  effusion  of  urine  into  the  same,  and 
into  the  areolar  tissue. 

UROCHES'IA,  Urochez'ia,  from  ovpov,  'urine,' 
and  x^i^'-'^)  '  to  S°  to  stool.'  A  discharge  of  urine 
by  the  bowels. 

UROCRASIA,  Enuresis. 

UROCRIS'IA,  from  ovpov,  'urine,'  and  Kpivio, 
'  I  judge.'  Urocrite'rion.  A  judgment  formed 
either  of  the  urine,  or  of  disease  after  inspecting 
the  urine. 

UROCRITERION,  Urocrisia, 

UROCYSTIS,  Urinary  bladder 

UROCYSTITIS,  Cystitis. 

UROCYSTOCATARRHUS,  Cystirrhoea. 

URODIAL'YSIS,  from  ovpov,  'urin^,'  and  ^la- 
Xtjcrij,  '  dissolution,  loss  of  strength.'  A  partial 
and  temporary  suspension  of  the  function  of  the 
kidney,  such  as  occurs  in  the  course  of  most 
acute  diseases.  A  condition  of  the  function  of 
the  kidney  and  of  the  urine,  similar  to  that  ob- 
served in  acute  diseases,  but  without  local  mis- 
chief or  preceding  inflammatory  fever,  has  been 
termed,  v.'hen  occurring  in  children,  Urodial'ysis 
Neonato' rum  ;  in  the  aged,  Urodialysis  Senum. — 
Schonlein. 

URODOCHIUM,  Urinal. 

URODYN'IA,  from  ovpov,  'urine,'  and  o^vvv, 
'  pain.'     Pain  during  the  excretion  of  the  urine. 

URCEDEMA,  Urapostema. 

UROGENITAL,  Urogenita'lis,  Gen'ito-u'rU 
nary,  Gen'ito-urina'rius.  Relating  or  appertain- 
ing to  the  urinary  and  genital  apparatuses. 

Urogenital  Sinus,  Sinus  -uro-genifa'lis.  A 
cavity  or  canal  in  the  embryo  of  the  mammalia 
opening  externally,  in  which  the  excretory  ducts 
of  the  Wolffian  bodies,  the  ureters  and  the  effe- 
rent parts  of  the  generative  apparatus,  terminate 
internally.  It  is  prolonged  into  the  urachus. 
Subsequently  it  becomes  separated  by  a  process 
of  division  into  a  2}ars  urina'ria  and  a  pars  ge- 
■nita'lis.  The  former,  extending  towards  the  ura- 
chus, is  converted  into  the  urinary  bladder; 
whilst  from  the  latter  are  formed  the  vesieulcB 
seminales  in  the  male,  and  the  middle  portion  of 
the  uterus  in  the  female. —  J.  Miiller. 

UROLITHI,  Calculi,  urinary. 

UROLITHIASIS,  Lithia. 

UROLITHOLOG"IA;  from  ovpov,  'urine,' 
Xi8oj,  '  a  stone,'  and  "koyog,  '  a  description.'  A 
description  of  urinary  calculi. 

UROLITHOTOMIA,  Lithotomy. 

UROMANTI'A,  from  ovpov,  'urine,'  and  piav- 
Tcia,  '  divination.'  The  art  of  divining  diseases 
by  simple  inspection  of  the  urine  j  Urosco'pia. 
One  professing  to  be  able  to  do  this  is  called  Uro- 
man'tes.     Vulgarly,  a  water-doctor. 

UROMPH'ALUS,  Her'nia  U'raehi.  A  mon- 
strosity, which  consists  in  the  protrusion  of  the 
urachus  at  the  umbilicus. 

URON,  Urine. 

URON'CUS,  from  ovpov,  'urine,'  and  oyKos,  'a 
swelling.'     A  urinary  swelling. 

URONOL'OGY,  Uronolog"ia,  from  ovpov, 
'urine,'  and  Tioyos,  'a  description.'  The  part  of 
medicine  which  treats  of  the  urine. 

UROPHTHISIS,  Diabetes  mellitus. 

UROPLA'NIA,  from  ovpov,  'urine,'  and  vXavr,, 
'wandering.'  The  presence  of  urine  in  other 
parts  than  the  urinary  organs. 

UROPOE'SIS,  Uropo'ie'sis,  from,  ovpov,  'urino, 
and  TToiEO),  '  I  make.'  Secre'tio  nri'nm  seu  lo'tvL 
The  secretion  of  urine  by  the  kidney. 

UROPOIESIS,  Uropoesis. 

UROPYGION,  Coccyx. 


UKOPTGIUM 


UTEEUS 


TTROPTGIUM,  Croupion. 

URORRHAGIA,  Diabetes. 

URORRHCEA.  Enuresis,  Diabetes. 

TJROSCHEOCELE,  Urocele. 

UEOSCOPIA,  see  Uromantia. 

TJRO'SES,  from  ovpov, '  urine.'  Diseases  of  the 
urinary  organs.  —  Alibert. 

UROS'TEALITH,  Urosteal'ithos,  from  ovpov, 
'urine,'  arcap,  'suet,'  and  Xi0of,  'stone.'  A  pecu- 
liar fatty  ingredient  of  urinary  calculi,  discovered 
by  Heller. 

UROSTENOSIS,  Urethrostenosis. 

UROUS  ACID,  Uric  oxide. 

UROZEMIA,  Diabetes  — u.  Albumlnosa,  Kid- 
ney, Brigbt's  disease  of  the — u.  Mellita,  Diabetes 
mellitus. 

URTI'CA,  Z7.  Dioi'ea  seu  major  seu  Ms'pida, 
Pyr'ethrum,  the  Common  stinging  nettle,  Ad'ice, 
(F.)  Ortie.  Family,  Urticeae.  /S'ex.  Syst.  Monoe- 
cia  Tetrandria.  This  plant  has  been  long  used 
for  medical  and  culinary  purposes.  The  young 
shoots,  in  the  spring,  are  considered  to  possess 
diuretic  and  antiscorbutic  properties. 

Urtica  Balearic  a,  U.  pilulifera  —  u.  Dioica, 
TJrtica  —  u.  Hispida,  Urtica  —  u.  Iners  magna 
foetidissima,  Galeopsis  —  u.  Major,  U.  dioica — n. 
Minor,  U.  urens  —  u.  Mortua,  Laniium  album. 

Urtica  Pilulif'era,  Pill-hearing  Nettle,  U. 
Piltilo'sa  seu  Roma'na  seu  Balea' rica,  (F. )  Ortie 
Romaine.  The  seed  was  formerly  given  in  dis- 
eases of  the  chest. 

Urtica  Pilulosa,  U.  pilulifera — u.  Roman,  U. 
pilulifera. 

Urtica  Urens,  U.  minor,  Dwarf  nettle,  (F.) 
Ortie  hrvlante.  A.  lesser  variety  of  the  nettle, 
possessing  similar  virtues. 

Nettles  have  been  used  as  stimulants  to  para- 
lytic limbs. 

URTIGATRE,  Urticaria. 

URTICA'RIA,  from  urtica,  'a  nettle;*  Enan- 
tJie'sin  urtica'ria,  Ure'do,,  Scarlati'na  urtica' ta, 
Cnido'sis,  Urtica'ria  p>orcel'lana,  Exanthe'ma  ur- 
tica'turn,  Epinyc'tis  2}rurigino'sa,  Fehris  iirtica'ta, 
Pur'pura  urticota,  Fehris  ruhra  prurigino' sa. 
Saltans  rosa,  (F.)  Urticaire,  Fievre  Ortie,  Porce- 
laine.  Nettle-rash ;  vulgarly  Hives,  Bold  Hives; 
from  urtica,  '  a  nettle,'  because  the  eruption  re- 
sembles that  produced  by  the  stings  of  a  nettle. 
A  disease  distinguished  by  those  elevations  of  the 
cuticle  called  wheals.  They  have  a  white  top, 
and  are  often  surrounded  by  a  diffuse  redness. 
They  excite  intolerable  itching,  especially  when 
the  person  is  warm  in  bed.  The  eruption  fre- 
quently goes  and  comes  once  or  more  in  the  24 
hours,  and  is  generally  dependent  upon  gastric 
derangement.  In  some  people,  nettle-rash  is  in- 
duced by  shell-fish,  eggs,  nuts,  <fec.  It  is  not 
usually  a  disease  of  any  consequence,  and  its 
treatment  is  limited  to  the  use  of  absorbent  laxa- 
tives, and  simple  general  means.  Willan  has  de- 
scribed six  varieties  of  the  complaint; — Urtica'ria 
fehri'lis,  U.  evan'ida,  U,  perstans,  U.  confer'ta, 
U.  suheuta'nea,  and  U.  tuhero'sa. 
Urticaria  Porcellana,  Essera,  Urticaria. 
URTICA'TIO,  Cnido'sis,  Urtica' tion,  from  urti- 
ca, 'a  nettle.'  A  sort  of  flagellation,  with  net- 
tles ; — used  with  the  intention  of  exciting  the  skin. 
URUCU,  Terra  Orleana. 
URYLIC  ACID,  Uric  acid. 
USNEA,  Lichen  saxatilis  —  u.  Florida  hirta. 
Lichen  plicatus  —  u.  Hirta,  Lichen  plieatus  —  u. 
Plicata,  Lichen  plicatus 

USSACU,  Hura  Brasiliensis. 
USTILAGO,  Ergot. 
USTIO,  Burn,  Ustion. 

USTION,  Us'tio,  Causis,  from  urere,  ustum,  'to 
burn.'  The  act  of  burning  or  of  applying  the  actual 
eftutery.    Also  the  effect  of  cauterization  j  a  burn. 


USTULA'TIO,  Ustula'tion.  A  pharmaceutical 
operation  by  which  a  substance  is  dried  by  heat. 

USUALIA,  Officinals. 

USUS,  Habit. 

UTER,  Uterus. 

UTERI  ADSCENSUS,  Hysteria— -u.  Antever- 
sio,  Hysteroloxia  anterior — u.  Carcinoma,  Metro- 
carcinoma — u.  Convulsivus  morbus,  Lorind  matri- 
cis — u.  Coryza,  LeucoiThoea — u.  Exulceratio,  Hys- 
terelcosis — u.  Flexio,  Hysteroloxia — u.  Inclina- 
tio,  Hysteroloxia — u.  Obliquitas,  Hj'steroloxia  — 
u.  Pronatio,  Hysteroloxia  anterior  —  u.  Pruritus, 
Nymphomania  —  u.  Eeflexio  completa,  Hystero- 
loxia posterior  —  u.  Pi.etroversio,  Hysteroloxia 
posterior — u.  Rheuma,  Leucorrhoea  —  u.  Ulcus, 
Hysterelcosis — u.  Versio  incompleta,  Hystero- 
loxia. 

U'TERINE,  ZTteri'nus,iroTn  uterus,  'the  womb.' 
That  which  belongs  or  relates  to  the  womb. 

Uterine  Artery,  Arte'ria  uteri'na  hypogas'- 
trica.  Its  size  is  alwaj'S  in  a  ratio  with  the 
greater  or  less  state  of  development  of  the  uterus. 
It  arises  from  the  hypogastric,  either  separately 
or  with  the  umbilical,  or  from  the  internal  pudic; 
passes  upon  the  lateral  parts  of  the  vagina,  to 
which  it  gives  branches ;  and  afterwards  ascends 
on  the  sides  of  the  uterus,  and  divides  into  a  con- 
siderable number  of  very  tortuous  branches, 
which  enter  the  tissue  of  the  organ. 

Uterine  Muscle  op  Euysch  consists  of  some 
fleshy  fibres  at  the  fundus  of  the  uterus,  which 
he  regarded  as  forming  a  particular  muscle. 

UTERI'NUS  FRATER.  In  law,  a  brother 
by  the  mother's  side. 

UTERO-ABDOMIXAL  supporters,  see 
Belt,  Russian. 

UTERO-GESTATION,  Pregnancy. 

UTEROMANIA,  Nymphomania. 

U'TERUS,  Uter,  Utric'idus,  Loci,  Loci  mulie'- 
hres,  Vulva,  Venter,  Arviim  natu'rcB,  Conceptac'- 
ulum.  Matrix,  Ager  natu'rcB,  Hys'tera,  Metra, 
Stera,  An'gus,  Belphys,  Alms,  Epompha'lion, 
Gaster,  Mater,  Nedys,  Postrema,  the  Wonih,  (F.) 
Matrice,  Sein.  The  uterus,  destined  to  lodge  the 
foetus  from  the  commencement  of  conception  till 
birth,  is  a  hollow  symmetrical  organ,  having  the 
shape  of  a  truncated  conoid  :  it  is  situate  in  the 
pelvis,  between  the  bladder  and  the  rectum,  above 
the  vagina,  and  below  the  convolutions  of  the 
small  intestine.  The  uterus  is  flattened  from  be- 
fore to  behind,  and  is  nearly  an  inch  in  thickness. 
It  is  two  inches  broad  at  its  highest  part,  and 
becomes  narrower  towards  the  vagina  ;  termina/- 
ting  in  a  contracted  portion,  called  the  cervix  or 
nech,  to  distinguish  it  from  the  rest  of  the  organ, 
called  the  hody.  From  its  fundus  or  upper  por- 
tion, the  Fallopian  tubes  pass  off.  The  mouth  is 
called  Os  U'teri  or  Os  Tinea.  The  cavity  is  very 
small,  and  its  parietes  are  thick.  The  portion  of 
the  cavity  corresponding  with  the  body  is  trian- 
gular and  flattened.  Its  superior  angles  present 
the  extremely  fine  orifices  of  the  Fallopian  tubes. 
The  cavity  of  the  neck  is  slightly  dilated  before 
opening  into  the  vagina.    The  uterus  is  composed, 

1.  Of  a  serous  membrane.  This  is  external,  and 
furnished  by  the  peritoneum  ;  which  is  reflected 
upon  the  uterus  from  the  posterior  surfoce  of  the 
bladder  and  the  anterior  surface  of  the  rectum. 
It  forms,  also,  the  hroad  ligaments  of  the  uterus, 
Ligamen'ta  lata.  Alee,  vespertilio'nis,  Re'tia  U'teri. 
These  contain,  above,  the  Fallopian  tube ;  be- 
neath and  anteriorly,  the  round  ligaments;  and, 
behind,  the  ovary.  They  are  two  membranous 
productions  or  duplicatures  of  the  peritoneum, 
sent  from  the  edges  of  the  uterus  and  posterior 
extremity  of  the  vagina,  in  a  transverse  direction, 
to  be  fixed  to,  and  line,  the  side  of  the  pelvis. 

2.  Of  a  mucous  membrane,  which  is  a  prolonga- 


UTRICLE 


891 


TJVULTTIS 


tion  of  that  of  the  vagina,  and  extends  into  the 
tubes.  3.  Of  a  proper  tissue,  whose  thickness  is 
considerable.  It  is  of  a  close  texture ;  is  grayish 
aa(t  elastic ;  and  resists  the  instrument  that  di- 
vides it.  Its  intimate  nature  is  but  little  known. 
Daring  gestation  it  is  truly  muscular.  The  arte- 
ries of  the  uterus  proceed  from  the  spermatic  and 
hypogastric.  Its  veins  follow  the  same  coarse, 
and  bear  the  same  name  as  the  arteries.  They 
are  very  tortuous,  and  form  large  sinuses  in  the 
parietes  of  the  organ,  called  U'terine  Si'nuses. 
Its  nerves  proceed  from  the  sciatic  and  hypogas- 
tric plexuses.  Its  lymphatic  vessels  are  very 
maltiplied ;  and  during  pregnancy  acquire  enor- 
mous dimensions.  The  changes  experienced  by 
the  uterus  during  gestation,  and  after  delivery, 
are  very  numerous  and  important  to  be  known. 
They  regard  its  situation,  direction,  size,  shape, 
texture,  connexions,  vital  properties,  <fcc. 

Uterus,  Abdomen  —  u.  Anteversion  of  the, 
Eysteroloxia  anterior. 

Uterus  Bif'idus.  A  double  uterus.  One  se- 
parated into  two  cavities. 

Uterus  Duplex,  Dihysterla  —  u.  Hour-glass 
contraction  of  the,  Chaton — u.  Inclinatus,  Hyste- 
roloxia. 

Uterus,  Ib'ritable,  Neurnl'gia  of  the  Uterus. 
A  disease  characterized  by  deep-seated  pain  in 
the  lower  part  of  the  abdomen,  and  in  the  back 
and  loins ;  generally  diminished  by  lying  down, 
and  increased  by  exercise,  and  more  severe  for  a 
few  days  preceding  and  during  menstruation. 
On  examination  per  vaginam,  the  uterus  is  found 
to  be  tender  on  pressure;  and  the  cervix  and 
body  slightly  swollen,  but  not  usually  indurated. 
It  is  an  obstinate  affection,  but  frequently  ends 
of  itself  after  years  of  suffering.  The  treatment 
must  be, —  the  horizontal  posture;  local  blood- 
letting to  the  uterus ;  emollients ;  soothing  in- 
jections ;  narcotics,  warm  bath,  &c.  See  Hyste- 
ralgia. 

Uterus,  Intension  of  the,  Inver'sio  U'teri, 
Iletranas' trophe,  yEdopto'sis  Uteri  inver'sa,  (P.) 
Inversion  de  la  Matrice,  Renversement  de  la  Ma- 
trice.  The  uterus,  displaced  and  turned  inside 
out.  This  can  only  happen  through  want  of  cau- 
tion on  the  part  of  the  medical  practitioner.  It 
is  a  fatal  accident,  unless  speedily  reduced.  This 
must  be  done  by  gradually  returning  the  superior 
part,  by  grasping  it  with  the  hand,  and  making 
the  rest  follow. 

Uterus  Masculinus,  see  Ejaculatory  ducts  — 
n.  Obliquus,  Hj'steroloxia  —  u.  Retroversion  of 
the,  Hysteroloxia  j)osterior. 

Uterus,  Rupture  of  the,  3fetrorrhex'x»^  I^y^- 
terorrhex'is,  Hiipfu'ra  Uteri,  Perfora'tio  Uteri, 
Laceration  of  the  Womh,  (P.)  Rupture  de  la  3Ta- 
trice.  This  dreadful  accident  occurs  during  la- 
bour, and  is  known  to  have  taken  place,  when 
the  child's  head  suddenly  recedes  during  a  pain, 
with  vomiting,  sinking  of  the  pulse,  cold  sweats, 
&c.  When  it  is  evident  that  this  has  occurred, 
the  hand  must  be  passed  into  the  uterus,  and  the 
feet  of  the  child  be  brought  down. 

Cases  are  on  record,  ia  which  partial  lacera- 
tions of  the  uterus  have  healed,  and  the  patient 
has  done  well.  This  ia  a  rare  event,  and  not  to 
be  anticipated. 

UTRICLE,  see  Ssraicircular  canals. 

LTTRIC'ULAR,  Utricida'ris ;  from  ntrieuhts, 
'a  small  bag  or  bottle.'  Relating  to  or  resem- 
bling a  small  bag  or  bottle. 


Utricular  Glands,  Glan'dulce  ntricula'res. 
The  glands  or  follicles  rn  the  interior  of  the  ute-' 
rus,  which  are  concerned  in  the  formation  of  the 
deeidua. 

UTRICULUS,  see  Ejaculatory  ducts.  Uterus— 
u.  Communis,  see  Semicircular  canals  —  u.  Lac.- 
teus,  Receptaculum  chyli. 

UYA,  Uvula,  see  Vitis  vinifera  —  u.  Inversa, 
Paris  —  u.  Lupina,  Paris  —  u.  Ursi,  see  Arbutua 
uva  ursi — u.  Vulpina,  Paris. 

X^YJE  Corinthiace,  see  Vitis  Corinthiaca. 

Uv^  Pass^,  Rhages,  Dried  Grajies,  Raisins, 
see  Vitis  vinifera. 

Uv^  PasSjE  Majores,  see  Vitis  vinifera  —  u- 
Passse  minores,  see  Vitis  Corinthiaca  —  u.  Pass® 
sole  siecatfie,  see  Vitis  vinifera. 

UVATIO,  Ceratocele,  Staphyloma. 

U' VE A,  from  vva,  '  an  unripe  grape.'  Tu'nica 
acino'sa  seu  acinifor'mis  seu  uva'lis  seu  acina'lin 
seu  iivifor'inis,  RhagoVdes,  Tu'nica  rhago'ides  seu 
uvea  seu  perfora'ta,  Memhrana  uvea,  Rliox,  (F.) 
Uvee.  Some  anatomists  have  given  this  name  to 
the  choroid  coat  of  the  eye;  others,  to  the  poste- 
rior layer  of  the  iris,  on  account  of  the  black  and 
very  thick  varnish  that  covers  it. 

Uvea,  Commissure  of  the,  Ciliary  ligament, 

UVEE,  Uvea. 

UVEI'TIS;  a  word  of  hybrid  formation;  from 
uvea,  'the  uvea,'  and  itis,  denoting  inflamma- 
tion ;  properly,  Rhagode'i'tis.  Inflammation  of 
the  uvea. 

UVIGENA,  Uvula. 

UVIGERA,  Uvula. 

UVULA,  diminutive  of  uva,  '  a  grape.'  Pin- 
nac'ulum  for'nicis  guttura'lia,  Uva,  Staph'yle, 
Tintinnah'ulum,  Goluwel'la,  Cion,  Ci'onis,  Gar- 
ga'reon,  Colum'na  oris,  Gurgu'lio,  Jntersep'tum, 
Processus  seu  Cartila'go  U'vifer,  Uvig"ena,  Uvig"- 
era,  Pctp  of  the  Throat,  Ilimas,  Plectrum,  Sub- 
lin'gua,  Sublin'guium,  (F.)  Luette.  A  fleshy  ap- 
pendix or  prolongation,  which  hangs  from  the 
middle  or  free  edge  of  the  velum  palati.  The 
uvula  has  a  conical  shape,  and  is  of  a  greater  or 
less  size  in  individuals.  It  is  formed,  especially, 
by  the  mucous  membrane  of  the  velum  palati; 
and  contains,  within  it,  the  azygos  uvulaj  muscle. 
Its  use  is  not  clear. 

Also,  a  small  prominence  or  lobule  in  the  por- 
tion of  the  cerebellum  that  forms  the  posterior 
boundary  of  the  fourth  ventricle.  It  is  on  the. 
median  line,  and  behind  the  nodulus. 

Uvula,  see  Vermiform  process  inferior — u. 
Docidua,  Staphylcedema  —  u.  Relaxata,  Staph j'- 
lo^dema— u.  Vesiece,  see  Urinary  bladder — u.  Ve- 
sical, see  Urinary  bladder. 

U'VULAR,  Uvula'ris,  from  xivula.  That  which 
belongs  to  the  uvula. 

Uvular  Glands  are  small  follicles,  belonging 
to  the  mucous  membrane  covering  the  uvula. 

UVULARIA,  Ruscus  hypoglossum. 

Uvula'ria  Perfolia'ta,  Smaller  Bellwort ; 
indigenous:  Order,  MelanthaeeaB ;  flowering  in 
May  and  June.  The  root,  when  fresh,  is  subacrid 
ancl  mucilaginous.  A  decoction  of  the  plant  is 
used  in  sore  mouth.  It  is  said  to  cure  the  bites 
of  rattlesnakes. 

UVULI'TIS,  a  word  of  hyhrid  formation,  from 
uvula,  and  itis,  denoting  inflammation.  Angi'na 
uvula'ris,  Staphyli'tis,  Cioni'tis,  Inflamma'tio 
u'vidcB,  (F.)  Inflammation  de  la  Luette,  Falling 
doion  of  the  Palate.     Inflammation  of  the  uvula. 


VACCDT 


892 


VACCINIUM 


Y. 


VACCIN',  see  Vaccina. 

VACCI'NA,  Vaccin'ia,  Vari'ola  vaccina,  V. 
vaccin'ica,  V.  tuto'ria,  V.  tutrix,  Exanthe'ma  vac- 
cina, E.  antivariolo' sum,  Syn'ocha  vaccina,  Vac- 
ei'ola,  Vacci'ola  vera,  Vacci'na  primig"ena  seu 
vacciiiato'ria  seu  antivariolo' sa,  Vacciola  scutel- 
la'ta,  Vari'olm  tuto'ria,  Cow-pox,  Kine  Pock, 
Inoc'ulated  Cow-pox,  Emphly'sis  vaccina  inser'ta, 
froiavacca,  'acow;'(E.)  Vaccine.  The  cow-pox 
is  a  disease  of  the  cow,  arising  spontaneously, 
which,  if  transmitted  to  man  by  means  of  inocu- 
lation, may  preserve  him  from  small-pox  conta- 
gion. The  promulgation  of  this  valuable  pro- 
perty of  the  vaccine  virus  is  due  to  Dr.  Jenner. 
When  inoculating  for  small-pox  in  Gloucester- 
shire, in  1775,  he  was  surprised  to  meet  with  a 
number  of  persons  in  the  same  district,  on  whom 
the  insertion  of  the  virus  produced  no  effect, 
although  they  had  never  passed  through  the 
small-pox.  On  investigation,  he  found  that  all 
these  persons  had  previously  been  affected  by  a 
pustular  eruption  of  the  cow,  which  they  had 
taken  by  milking  the  animal ;  and  which  erup- 
tion they  called  Cow-pox.  This  discovery  in- 
duced him  to  institute  experiments,  and  he  found 
that  such  preservative  effect  actually  existed. 
The  Vaccine  Virus,  Virus  Vacci'num,  (F.)  Vac- 
cin,  or  the  fluid  of  the  eruption,  is  not  now  usu- 
ally taken  immediately  from  the  cow ;  experience 
having  demonstrated,  that  it  is  nearly  as  effica- 
cious when  obtained  from  the  human  vesicle. 
The  characteristic  of  cow-pox  eruption  is  :  —  a 
semi-transparent,  pearl-coloured  vesicle,  with  a 
circular  or  somewhat  oval  base ;  its  upper  sur- 
face, until  the  end  of  the  8th  day,  being  more 
elevated  at  the  margin  than  in  the  centre;  and 
the  margin  itself  being  turgid,  shining,  and 
rounded,  so  as  often  to  extend  a  little  over  the 
line  of  the  base.  This  vesicle  is  filled  with  clear 
lymph  ;  contained  in  numerous  little  cells,  that 
communicate  with  each  other.  After  the  8th  or 
9th  day  from  the  insertion  of  the  virus,  it  is  sur- 
rounded by  a  bright  red,  circumscribed  areola, 
which  varies  in  its  diameter,  in  different  eases, 
from  a  quarter  of  an  inch  to  two  inches;  and  is 
usually  attended  with  a  considerable  tumour,  and 
hardness  of  the  adjoining  areolar  membrane. 
This  areola  declines  on  the  11th  or  12th  day;  the 
surface  of  the  vesicle  then  becomes  brown  in  the 
\  centre ;  and  the  fluid  in  the  cells  gradually  con- 

cretes into  a  hard,  rounded  scab  or  crust,  of  a 
reddish-brown  colour,  which  at  length  becomes 
darker,  contracted,  and  dry,  but  is  not  detached 
till  three  weeks  after  vaccination.  It  leaves  a 
permanent,  circular  cicatrix,  about  five  lines  in 
diameter,  and  a  little  depressed ;  the  surface 
being  marked  with  very  minute  pits  or  indenta- 
tions, denoting  the  number  of  cells  of  which  the 
vesicle  had  been  composed.  This  is  the  progress 
of  the  genuine  cow-pox.  At  times,  fever  occurs 
about  the  9th  or  11th  daj';  but,  at  others,  not  the 
slightest  indisposition  is  felt.  Aberrations  from 
this  progress  occur,  which  must  be  attended  to ; 
as  the  same  preservative  influence  is  not  exerted 
liy  irregular  or  spurious  cow-pox.  If  the  erup- 
Uon  runs  speedily  to  a  height,  has  an  aureola  too 
early,  is  irregular  at  its  edges,  and  contains  pus 
instead  of  a  limpid  fluid,  —  it  cannot  at  all  be 
depended  upon. 

Small-pox  occurs,  at  times,  as  an  epidemic  af- 
ter vaccination.  For  a  while,  the  enthusiastic 
advocates  of  vaccination  would  not  admit  the 
aflfeetion  to  be  small-pox ;  and,  accordingly,  they 


gave  it  tte  name  Varioloid.  It  is  unquestionably 
small-pox,  but  modified,  and  greatly  divested  of 
its  terrors  by  previous  vaccination ;  and  it  is 
said  to  happen  less  frequently  after  vaccination 
than  after  small-pox  inoculation.  Vaccination  is 
now  practised  every  where,  except  among  those 
in  whom  ignorance  and  prejudice  exclude  the 
lights  of  reason  and  philanthropy.  There  is 
ground,  however,  for  the  belief,  that  for  full  pro- 
tection revaccination  may  be  occasionally  neces- 
sary. 

Vaccina  Antivakiolosa,  Vaccina  —  v.  Primi- 
gena.  Vaccina — v.  Tutoria,  Vaccina — v.  Tutrix, 
Vaccina — v.  Vaccinatoria,  Vaccina. 

VACChVAL,  Vaccine. 

VACCIXA'TION,  Vacciiia'tio,  from  vomica,  'a 
cow;'  Cow-pox  inoculation,  Jenne'rian  inocula- 
tion. An  operation  which  consists  in  inserting 
the  vaccine  virus  under  the  cuticle,  so  that  it  may 
come  in  contact  with  the  absorbents.  It  is  ex- 
tremely simple,  and  requires  merely  that  the 
point  of  the  lancet  should  be  held  under  the 
cuticle  for  a  short  time.  The  best  time  for  tak- 
ing the  matter  from  the  Coic-pox  vesicle,  for  vac- 
cination, is  about  the  7th  or  8th  day,  before  the 
appearance  of  the  aureola,  when  it  ought  to  be 
limpid  and  transparent.  The  most  certain  me- 
thod is,  to  pass  it  from  arm  to  arm ;  but  this  is 
not  always  convenient;  and,  hence  it  is  taken 
upon  points  or  pieces  of  quill,  or  between  glasses. 
It  must,  of  course,  be  softened  for  use.  This  is 
done  by  means  of  a  little  water,  which  does  not 
destroy  its  efficiency.  The  scab,  too,  which  falls 
off  about  the  end  of  three  weeks — sooner  or  later 
—  is  capable  of  communicating  the  affection,  if 
dissolved  in  water;  and  this  is  the  most  common 
method  of  transmitting  the  vaccine  virus  in  some 
countries. 

VAC'CINATOll,  Vac'cinist,  one  who  inoculates 
for  the  cow-pox. 

VACCINE,  Vaccina. 

Vaccine,  Vacci'nus,  Vaccina'h's,  (F.)  Vaccinal/ 
same  etymon.  Relating  or  appertaining  to  vac- 
cination, as  the  '  vaccine  vesicle,'  'a  vaccine  phy- 
sician.' 

VACCINEL'LA.  A  term  employed  by  some 
to  designate  spurious  cow-pox. —  Vacciji'ois,  Vac- 
ci'ola spn'ria  seu  lepro'sa. 

VACCIXIA,  Vaccina — v.  Palustris,  Vaccinium 
oxycoccos. 

VACCINIST,  Vaccinator. 

VACCINIUM  MACROCAEPOX,  see  V.  oxy- 
coccos. 

Vaccin'iusi  Myrtil'lus,  Vitis  idm'a  myrtiV- 
lus.  The  Myrtle  Berry,  Vaccin'ia  viyrtil'lus,  Bil- 
berry, Blea-herry,  Whortle-berry,  Black  Whorts, 
Vaecin'ium  nigrum,  (F.)  Airclle  Anguleuse,  liai- 
sin  de  Boi's.  Family,  Vaccineaj.  Sex.  Syst.  Oc- 
tandria  Monogynia.  The  berries  —  Bacca  Jfyr- 
tillo'rum  —  are  esteemed  to  be  antiscorbutic, 
when  prepared  with  vinegar.  They  are  also  said 
to  possess  antiseptic  and  sub-astringent  properties 
when  dried.  They  are  not  used  in  medicine;  but 
are  frequently  eaten  with  milk  and  sugar. 

Vaccinium  Xiguum,  V.  myrtillus. 

Vaccinium  Oxvcoc'cos,  Oxycoc'cos,  O.pahta'- 
tris,  Schollera  oxycoccos,  Vaccinia  palus'tris,  Vitis 
Idas'a  palus'tris,  Jfoorberry,  Cranberry,  3Ioss- 
berry,  Swamp  Bedberry,  Sourberry,  (F.)  Canne- 
berge.  The  berries  are  pleasantly  acid  and  cool- 
ing. They  make  an  agreeable  preserve.  The 
conimon  American  Cranberry  is  from  Vaccinium 
macrocarpon. 


VACCINOIS 


893 


VALERIANA 


Yaccin'ium  PtTifCTATUM,  V.  vitis  idasa  —  v. 
Resinosum,  Gaj'lussacia  resinosa- 

Yaccisium  Stamin'eum,  Buclcherry,  Squaw 
Hucldehernj,  Beerherry.  The  leaves  of  these 
plants  are  astringent. 

Yaccixium  Vitis  Id^'a,  V.  pmicta'tmn,  Vih's 
Idm'a  2}'(ncta'ta,  Bed  Bilberry,  Am'i^elos  Idce'a, 
Whortleberry,  Cowberry,  (¥.)  Airelle  ou  Canne- 
lerge  ponctuee.  A  decoction  of  the  leaves  has 
been  used  in  calculous  affections.  They  are  as- 
tringent. The  ripe  berries  are  pleasantly  acid, 
and  refrigerant.  Whortleberries  are  furnished  by 
different  species  of  Vaccinium, 

YACCINOIS,  Vaceinella.      ' 

VACCINUS,  Vaccine. 

VAC  CI  OLA,  Vaccina  —  v.  Leprosa,  Vacei- 
nella—  V.  Scutellata,  Vaccina  —  v.  Spuria,  Vac- 
einella—  v.  Vera,  Vaccina. 

YACILLA'TIO,  Tituba'tio,  from  vacillare,  'to 
waver.'  Staggering;  waddling  —  claudica'tio 
anat'ica. 

Vacillatio  Dentium,  Odontoseisis. 

YAGIN,  Vagina. 

VAGI'ISTA,  'a  sheath,'  Vagi'na  mulie'lris 
seu  uteri'na  seu  TJ'teri  seu  Penis,  Sinus  miilie'- 
hris  sou  Pudo'ris  seu  Pvden'di,  Col'eus,  Peris, 
Perin,  Oolpos,  Vidvo-iiterine  canal,  (F.)  Vagin. 
A  cylindrical  canal,  five  or  six  inches  long; 
situate  within  the  pelvis,  between  the  bladder 
dnd  rectum.  It  communicates  by  one  extremity, 
Aides,  with  the  vulva;  by  the  other,  with  the 
womb,  the  neck  of  which  it  embraces.  The  va- 
gina is  lined,  internally,  by  a  mucous  membrane ; 
and  is  partly  closed,  in  young  females,  by  the 
hymen,  and  carunculae  myrtiformes.  —  Around 
the  mucous  membrane  is  a  layer  of  spongy,  erec- 
tile tissue;  and  a  cellulo-vascular  membrane.  A 
constrictor  muscle;  numerous  vessels  furnished 
by  the  vaginal  artery,  particularly;  veins  and 
nerves,  proceeding  from  the  sciatic  plexus,  also, 
enter  into  the  composition  of  the  organ. 

The  term  Vagina  or  sheath,  Theca,  is  extended 
to  many  parts,  which  serve  as  envelopes  to  others. 

Sheath,  (F.)  Gaine,  is  sometimes  applied  to  the 
fascia  enveloping  the  limbs ;  to  areolar  mem- 
brane, enveloping  the  muscles,  and  entering  be- 
tween their  fibres ;  to  that  which  surrounds  the 
blood-vessels ;  to  the  synovial  membranes  sur- 
rounding tendons,  and  lining  the  gutters  of 
bones,  &o. 

Vagina  Cordis,  Pericardium  —  v,  Femoris, 
Fascia  lata  aponeurosis  —  v.  Funiculi  Umbilica- 
lis,  see  Funiculus  umbilicalis — v.  Glissonii,  Cap- 
sule of  Glisson  —  V.  Malleolaris  externa.  Retina- 
culum tendinum  perinasorum — v.  Muliebris,  Va- 
gina— V.  Muscularis,  Perimysium — v.  Nervorum, 
Keurilemma  —  v.  Penis,  Vagina — v.  Portaj,  Cap- 
sule of  Glisson  —  V.  Uterina,  Vagina. 

Vagin^a  op  the  Vena  Porta,  Sheath  of  the 
Vena  Porta,  (F.)  Gaine  de  la  Veine-porte,  is  the 
areolar  membrane  that  accompanies  the  divisions 
of  the  vena  porta  into  the  substance  of  the  liver. 

VAGINAE  SYNOVIALES,  Burste  mucosa;. 

VAG"INAL,  Vagina' lis,  from  vagina,  'a 
sheath.' — Relating  or  pertaining  to  a  sheath. 

Vaginal  Arteey.  This  exists,  as  a  matter  of 
course,  only  in  the  female.  It  arises  from  the 
hypogastric  or  from  the  uterine,  vesical,  internal 
pudic,  umbilical,  &e.,  and  sends  its  branches, 
first  to  the  lateral  parts  of  the  vagina,  and  after- 
wards to  the  anterior  and  posterior  surfaces. 

Vaginal  Bil'iary  Plexus.  A  plexus  of  rami- 
fications of  the  hepatic  duct  through  the  capsule 
of  Glisson. 

Vaginal  Branches  of  the  Vena  Porta  are 
those  which  have  to  pass  through  the  sheath  of 
the  ("ippiilo  of  Glisson.  previous  to  entering  the 
interlobular  spaces.     In  this  course,  they  form 


the  vaginal  plexus.  There  are,  also,  vaginal 
branches,  and  a  vaginal  plexus  formed  by  the 
hepatic  artery. 

Vaginal  Coat  of  the  Eye,  see  Eye. 

Vaginal  Coat  op  the  Testicle,  Tu'nica  Va. 
gina'lis,  T.  EhjtroVdes  vel  Elytro'dcs,  is  the  se- 
rous membrane  which  envelops  the  testicle.  Be- 
fore  the  descent  of  the  testicle,  the  tunica  vagi- 
nalis does  not  exist.  It  is  formed  by  a  prolonga- 
tion, furnished  by  the  peritoneum  to  the  testicle 
when  it  issues  from  the  abdomen.  The  tunica 
vaginalis  forms  a  close  sac,  investing  the  testicle 
and  epididymis,  without  containing  them  in  its 
cavity,  and  reflected  so  as  to  form  a  bag  around 
the  circumference  of  the  testis;  hence  it  is  divided 
into  Tu'nica  vagina'lis  pro'pria  and  Tu'nica  va- 
gina'lis  reflex' a.  Between  the  two  layers,  the 
inner  surface  is  smooth,  and  lubricated  by  a 
serous  fluid. 

Vaginal  Ganglia,  see  Spermatic  ganglion. 

Vaginal  Plexus,  see  Vaginal  branches  of  the 
vena  porta. 

Vaginal  Process  op  the  Tesfporal  Bone, 
(F.)  Apophyse  vaginale  ou  engatnante.  Game  de 
Vapophyse  stylo'ide,  Chaton,  is  a  bony  crista,  which 
embraces  the  base  of  the  styloid  process. 

VAGINITIS,  Leucorrhoea  (vaginal.) 

VAGISSE31ENT,  Cry,  Vagitus. 

VAGI'TUS,  (F.)  Vag'issement.  The  cry  of  the 
new-born  child.     Squalling. 

Vagi'tus  Uteri'nus.  The  cry  of  the  child  in 
utero. 

VAGUS  NERVUS,  Pneumogastric. 

VAIBOA^  {¥.),  Bis'par  oc'ulus.  One  who  has 
eyes  of  difi"erent  colours.  It  also  means  a  vjalU 
eyed  animal,  or  one  whose  iris  is  surrounded  by  a 
whitish  circle. 

VAISSEAU,  Vessel — v.  Sanguin,  Blood- 
vessel, 

VAISSEA  UX  CAPILLAIRES,  Capillary  ves- 
sels— V.  Chyliferes.  Chyliferous  vessels — v.  Lac- 
tes,  Chyliferous  vessels  —  v.  Lactiferes,  Lactife- 
rous vessels — v.  Ombilicanx,  Umbilical  vessels. 

VALANIDA,  Fagus  sylvatica. 

VALANTIA  APARINE,  Galium  aparine. 

VALERIAN,  AMERICAN,  Cypripedium  lu- 
teum,  Valeriana  pauciflora  —  v.  Garden,  Vale- 
riana phu  —  V.  Greek,  Polemonium  reptans  —  v. 
Officinal,  Valeriana  —  v.  Wild,  Valeriana. 

VALERIA'NA,  V.  officina'lis,  Wild  Vale'rian, 
Valeriana  minor,  Offic"inal  Valerian.  Family, 
Dipsaceas.  Sex.  Syst.  Triandria  Monogynia.  The 
root,  Valeria'na,  (Ph.  U.  S.)  has  been  long  ex- 
tolled as  an  efficacious  remedy  in  epilepsy,  and 
in  a  variety  of  nervous  complaints.  It  has  been 
also  advised  as  a  tonic,  antispasmodic,  and  em- 
menagogue.  It  has  a  strong,  fetid  odour ;  bit- 
terish, subacrid,  and  warm  taste  ;  and  its  virtues 
are  extracted  by  water  and  alcohol. 

Valeriana  Capen'sis,  a  South  African  spe- 
cies, has  similar  virtues. 

Valeriana  Celt'ica,  V.  Saxat'ilis,  Celtic  Nard, 
Spica  Cel'tica,  S.  Alpi'na,  Nardus  Cel'tica,  Sa~ 
liun'ca,  Nardum  Gall'icum,  Spica  Cel'tica  Dios~ 
cor'idis,  (F.)  Nard  Celtique.  The  roots  of  thi3 
Alpine  plant  have  been  recommended  as  a  sto- 
machic, carminative  and  diuretic.  It  has  a  mo- 
derately strong  smell,  and  a  warm,  bitterish,  sub- 
acrid  taste. 

Valeriana  Denta'ta,  V.  locus'ta,  Corn  Salad. 
A  wholesome,  succulent  plant,  cultivated  in  Eu- 
rope as  a  salad.  It  is  antiscorbutic  and  gently 
aperient. 

Valeriana  Major,  V.  phu — v.  Loeusta,  V. 
dentata  —  v.  Minor,  Valeriana  —  v.  Ofiicinalis, 
Valeriana. 

Valeriana  Pauciplo'ra,  Amerir^n  Vale'- 
rian, has  the  properties  of  the  other  Valerians. 


VALERIANE 


894 


VARICELLA 


Valeriana  Pitu,  V.  major,  Garden  Valerian, 
(F.)  Grand  VaUrinne.  The  root  has  been  re- 
commended in  rheumatism;  especialJy  in  sciatica, 
and  in  epilepsj^ 

Valeriana  Saxatilis,  V.  celtica. 

VALERIANE  GRAND,  Valeriana  phu. 

VALET  A  PATIN  (F.),  Volsel'la  Pati'ni. 
The  common  ligature  forceps  is  a  modification  of 
this  instrument  invented  by  one  Patin.  It  con- 
sists of  two  branches,  united  at  the  middle  by  a 
hinge,  which  may  be  separated  or  approximated 
by  means  of  a  screw  or  running  ring.  It  is  used 
for  seizing  hold  of  vessels  that  are  to  be  tied. 

VALETUDINARIUM,  Hospital. 

VALETUDINARIUS,  Sickly,  Valetudinary. 

VALETU'DINARY,  Valetu'dina'rian,  Valetu- 
dina'rius,  Inval'idus,  from  valetudo,  '  health.'  — 
One  of  delicate  health.  One  subject  to  frequent 
diseases.     An  Invalid. 

VALETUDO,  Sanitas— V.  Adversa,  Disease— 
V.  Bona,  Sanitas  —  v.  Commoda,  Sanitas — v.  Se- 
cunda,  Sanitas. 

VALGUS,  see  Eyllosis 

VALIGA,  Tinctura  jalapii. 

VALITUDO,  Sanita?. 

VALLECULA,  Valley. 

VALLEY,  Vallec'ida,  (F.)  Grand  Scissure  3Ie- 
diane  du  Cerveht.  The  deep  fissure  on  the  infe- 
rior part  of  the  cerebellum,  which  divides  it  into 
two  symmetrical  portions. 

V  A  L  L  U  M.  The  eyebrow  or  supercilium. 
Also,  a  species  of  bandage. — Galen. 

VALS,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  A  French 
acidulous  chalybeate  at  Vals,  six  leagues  from 
Viviers,  in  the  department  of  Ardeche.  There 
are  five  springs,  containing  carbonic  acid,  sul- 
phate of  iron,  and  alum.  They  are  employed  in 
passive  hemorrhages,  leucorrhcea,  &c. 

VALVE,  Val'vula,  Diclis,  (F.)  Valvule,  from 
valocB,  'folding-doors,'  itself  from  volvo,  '  I  fold 
up.'  A  small  door.  Any  membrane  or  duplica- 
ture  of  a  membrane,  which  prevents  a  reflux  of 
humours  or  other  matters  in  the  vessels  and 
canals  of  the  animal  body.  There  are  some 
valves,  whose  functions  appear  to  be,— to  retard 
or  to  modify  the  course  of  substances  along  canals, 
&c.  See  mitral,  sigmoid,  tricuspid,  ileo-coecal 
valve,  <fec. 

Valve  of  Fallopius,  Bauhin.  valve  of — v. 
Ileo-eoecal,  Bauhin,  valve  of — v.  Ileo-colic,  Bau- 
hin, valve  of — v.  of  Tulpius,  Bauhin,  valve  of — v. 
of  Varolins,  Bauhin,  valve  of 

VALVES,  SEMILUNAR,  Sigmoid  valves. 

VALVULA,  Valve — v.  Caeei,  Bauhin,  valve  of 
— V.  Cerebelli,  Valvula  Vieussenii — v.  Coli,  Bau- 
hin, valve  of — V.  Foraminis  ovalis,  Ovalis  fossa 
— V.  Guiffnrtiana,  see  Thebesius,  veins  of — v. 
Ilei,  Bauhin,  valve  of — v.  Magna  Cerebri,  V. 
Vieussenii. 

Valvula  Semiluna'ris,  Plica  Semiluna'ris, 
Memhran' nla  semihma'ris  eonfuncti'va.  Plica  lu- 
na'ta.  A  small  doubling  of  the  tunica  conjunc- 
tiva, which  lies  between  the  caruncula  lacryma- 
lis  and  the  ball  of  the  eye.  In  birds,  this  is 
large,  and  called  Memhra'na  nic'titans  vel  PaV- 
jjehra  ter'tia. 

Valvula  Takim,  Velum  medullare  postcrius 
• — v.  Thcbesii,  see  Thebesius,  veins  of — v.  Va- 
ginae, Hymen  —  v.  Venae  magnse,  see  Thebesius, 
valve  of. 

Valvula  Viuesse'nii,  Vehim  Vieussenii,  Val'- 
vula cerehel'li  sou  Willisia'na  seu  mar/na  cer'ehri, 

Vettim  interjec'tum  cerebelli,  V.  apoph'j/si  vcrmi- 
formi  ohteutitm,  Lncu'nar  ventric'uli  qvarti  supe- 
rior, Velum  medidla're  seu  medvlla're  onti'cum 
gfM  ante'rias,  (F.)  Valoule  de  Vicussens,  Voile 
mr.duUaire  snpeiieure.    A  thin,  medullary  lamina, 


over  the  under  end  of  the  Aqueediictus  Sylvii  and 
upper  part  of  the  fourth  ventricle.     At  the  sides 
of  the  valves  are  two  medullary  tracts,   called 
Process'us  ad   Testes,   Colum'ncB  Val'vidm  Vieus- 
senii, or  Oblique  intercer' ebral  Com' missure. 
Valvula  Willisiana,  Valvula  Vieussenii. 
VALVULE  BICUSPIDALES,  Mitral  valve.«. 
Valvule  Conniven'tes.     Numerous  circular 
folds  in  the  intestinal  canal  from  the  pyloric  ori- 
fice through  the  greater  part  of  the  small  intes- 
tine.    They  are  folds  of  the  mucous  membrane  ; 
and  their  chief  use  appears  to  be,  to  retard  the 
course  of  the  alimentary  mass,  and  to  afford  a 
larger  surface  for  the  origin  of  chyliferous  vessels. 
Valvul^e  Cordis,   Ostiola  cordis  —  v.  Cordis 
mitrales.  Mitral  valves — v.  Triglochines,  Tricus- 
pid valves  —  V.  Trisulcee,  Tricuspid  valves. 

VAL  VULE,  Valve — v.  d'Eustache,  Eustachian 
valve— u.  de  Pylore,  see  Pylorus — v.  de  Vieussens, 
Valvula  Vieussenii. 

VAL  VULES,  V.  Episcopalea,  Mitral  valves  — 
V.  Sigmo'ides  ou  Semilunaires,  Sigmoid  valves. 
VANELLOE,  Vanilla. 

VANIL'LA,  Banil'ia,  Banilas,  Banilloes,  Ba- 
nilla,  Benzo'enil,  Ar'acus  aromat'icus,   (F.)   Va- 
nille,  Baume  de  Vanille.     The  Vanelloe — Sil'iqua 
vanill'cB  seu  BanilVa  seu  Vanic/lice  seu  vanillim 
SQU-Ar'aci  aromat'ici  —  is  a  long,  flattish  pod; 
containing,  under  a  wrinkled,  brittle  shell,  a  red- 
dish-brown pulp,  with  small,  shining,  black  seeds. 
The  parasitic  plant  which  afi'ords  this  pod  is  the 
Epiden'drum    Vanilla,    Vanill'a  aromat'ica   seu 
Mexica'na.     Family,  Orchidese.     Sex.  Syst.  Gy- 
nandria  Monandria.  Vanelloes  have  an  unctuous, 
aromatic  taste,  and  a  fragrant  smell,  like  that  of 
some  of  the  finer  balsams,  heightened  with  musk, 
Although  chiefly  used  as  perfumes,  they  are  re- 
puted to  possess  aphrodisiac  virtues. 
Vanilla  Aromatica,  see  Vanilla. 
VAPEURS,  Hypochondriasis,  Hysteria. 
VAPORA'RIUM,     Atmiste'rion,     Lacon'icvm, 
Py'n'a,   Pyriate'rium,    Vapour   batli.      A   useful 
remedy  in  rheumatic  and  cutaneous   affections ; 
and  wherever  it  is  important  to  relax  the  cuta- 
neous capillaries.     In  the  Russian  Vapour  Bath, 
the  vapour  is  produced  by  throwing  water  over 
hot  stones.    Its  temperature  is  from  122°  to  145°. 
Vaporarium,  Hypocaustum,  see  Stove. 
VAPORATIO,  Evaporation. 
VAPORES  UTERINI,  Hysteria. 
VAPOUR,  Flatulence — v.  Bath,  Vaporarium. 
VAPOURISH,  Hypochondriac,  Hysterical. 
VAPOUROUS,  Windy. 
VAPOURS,  Hypochondriasis,  Hysteria. 
VAPOURY,  Hypochondriacal,  Hysterical. 
VARA,  Barre. 

VAREC,  Kelp  —  v.  Vesiculeux,  Futus  vesicu- 
losus. 

VARENI,  Ambulo-flatulentus,  Gout  (wander- 
ing.) 

VARICE,  Varix. 

VARICELL'A,  (diminutive  of  Variola,  Small, 
pox,)  Em'plilysis  varicella,  Exanthe'ma  va  -icella, 
Syn'ochus  varicella,  Chicken  pox,  Variola  lym- 
phat'ica,  V.  spu'ria,  V.  sylves'iris,  Variolas  no- 
thcB,  V.  ■illegit'imcB,  Pseudo-variolce.  V.  volat'ica, 
V.  pucellm,  -tEoll'ion,  JEol'lium,  (F.)  Varicelle, 
Petite  verole  volante,  Verolette.  A  disease  cha- 
racterized by  vesicles  scattered  over  tlie  body, 
which  are  glabrous,  transparent,  and  about  the 
size  of  peas.  They  appear  in  successive  crops, 
are  covered  by  a  thin  pellicle,  and,  about  the 
third,  fourth,  or  fifth  day  from  their  appearance, 
burst  at  the  top,  and  concrete  into  small,  puck- 
ered scabs,  which  rarely  leave  a  pit  in  the  skin. 
Three  varieties  have,  sometimes,  been  designated. 
1.  The  V.  lentiformea,  or  lentictdar  chicken  pox. 


VARICIFORMES 


895 


VARIOLOID 


which  are  irregularly  circular,  and  flattened  on 
the  top;  the  fluid  being  at  first  whitish,  and  af- 
terwards straw-coloured.  This  is  the  common 
chic7;eii  pox.  2.  The  Varicella  conifor'mis,  Co- 
rtoi'dal  Chicken  Pox,  Pem'pMffus  variola' des.  Va- 
riola li/mp7iat'ica,  Hydrach'ni^,  Swine  Pox,  Water 
Pox,  Water  Jac/s,  in  which  the  vesicles  are 
generally  acuminated,  and  the  fluid  pellucid 
throughout;  and,  3dly,  the  Varieel'la  glolnda'- 
ris  or  Hives,  in  which  the  vesicles  are  globular 
and  larger  ;  the  fluid  being,  at  iirst,  whey- 
coloured,  and  afterwards  yellowish.  These  divi- 
sions are,  however,  very  arbitrary,  for  they  are 
generally  confounded. 

Variola  has  been,  sometimes,  mistaken  for  this 
disease,  and  conversely.  A  little  attention  to  the 
history  of  the  eruption  in  the  two  affections  will 
prevent  error.  Varicella  is  not  contagious.  At 
times,  it  prevails  epidemically.  It  eannot  be 
propagated  by  inoculation.  The  treatment  is 
extremely  simple ;  rest,  abstinence,  and  the  an- 
tiphlogistic regimen,  being  all  that  is  generally 
required. 

Varicella  Vamoloidea,  Varioloid. 

VARICIFOR'MES  PARAS'TATiE.  A  name 
given,  by  some  authors,  to  the  duets  of  the  epi- 
didymis, because  thev  seem  knotty  and  varicose. 

VARICOBLEPH'ARON,  {rom'varix,  and  I3\c- 
(papov,  'eyelid.'     A  varicose  tumour  of  the  eyelid. 

VARICOCE'LE,  from  varix,  and  Kn\>i,  'a.  tu- 
mour;' Oscheoce'le  varico'sa,  Her'nia  varico'sa, 
liamex  varico'sns,  Spermatoce'le,  Cirsoeele.  A 
varicose  dilatation  of  the  veins  of  the  scrotum 
and  spermatic  cord.  This  latter  variety  of  the 
disease  is  more  common  on  the  left  side  than  the 
right.  It  appears  under  the  form  of  a  soft, 
doughy,  unequal,  knotty,  compressible,  and  in- 
dolent tumour,  situate  in  the  course  of  the  cord, 
and  increasing  from  below  upwards.  It  is  less 
when  the  individual  is  in  the  recumbent  posture, 
and  increases  when  he  is  erect.  It  is,  ordinarily, 
an  affection  of  no  moment,  and  is  very  common, 
requiring  merely  the  use  of  a  proper  suspensory 
bandage.  It  has  been  advised,  in  bad  cases,  to 
tie  the  enlarged  vein,  but  the  operation  is  not  free 
from  danger  induced  by  phlebitis.  Sir  A.  Cooper 
has  proposed  the  removal  of  a  portion  of  the  scro- 
tum, so  as  to  render  the  remainder  of  the  scrotum 
a  natural  bandage.  This  plan  has  been  found 
effectual. 

VARICOM'PHALUS,  from  varix,  and  on<pa\og, 
'  the  umbilicus.'  Varicose  tumour  of  the  umbili- 
cus; cirsomphalus. 

VAR'ICOSE,  Varico'sus,  (F.)  Variqtieux. 
Affected  with  varix;  or  belonging  to,  or  con- 
nected vfiih,  varix:  —  as  a  varicose  vein,  a  vari- 
cose idcer,  that  is,  one  kept  up  by  varices. 

V/\.RICOSITAS  CONJUNCTIViE,  Cirsoph- 
thalmia. 

VARIC'ULA,  Varix  parva.  A  diminutive  of 
varix.  Also,  a  varicose  swelling  of  the  veins  of 
the  tunica  conjunctiva. —  M.  A.  Severinus. 

VARI'OLA,  VariolcB,  V.  vera,  Varioli,  Small- 
Pox,  Empiye'sis  Variola,  EupMog"ia,  Chaspe, 
JEolee'thyma,  Pox  (N.  of  England),  Pestis  vari- 
olo'sa,  Fehris  variolo'sa;  from  varius,  'spotted,' 
or  from  vari,  'pimples;'  (F.)  Variole,  Petit  Ve- 
role,  Picote.  A  disease,  now  of  somewhat  less 
interest  than  before  the  discovery  of  vaccination. 
It  is  of  a  very  contagious  nature,  and  is  supposed 
to  have  been  introduced  into  Europe  from  Asia, 
at  an  early  period  of  the  middle  ages.  It  is  cha- 
racterized bj-  fever,  with  pustules,  appearing  from 
the  third  to  the  fifth  day,  and  suppurating  from 
the  eighth  to  the  tenth,  and  it  possesses  all  the 
distinctive  properties  of  the  major  exanthemata. 
It  is  capable  of  being  produced  by  inoculation, 


but  this  inoculated  small-pox  —  Vari'ola  inser'tn 
—  communicates  the  disease  as  readily  through 
the  air  as  the  natural  small-pox,  or  that  received 
without  inoculation. 

Small-pox  is  distinguished  into  two  classes, 
according  to  the  character  of  the  eruption,  the 
discrete  or  distinct,  and  the  confluent.  1.  In  Va- 
KIOLA  Discre'ta,  Empyesis  variola  discreta.  Va- 
riola discreta  benig'na,  VariolcB  rer/nlares  seu 
discretm.  Distinct  Small-pox,  the  pustules  are 
usually  of  the  size  of  peas;  distinct,  distended, 
and  circular  ;  the  intervening  spaces  being  red ; 
the  fever  inflammatory  throughout,  and  ceasing 
when  the  eruption  is  complete.  2.  In  Variola 
Con'fluess,  Empi/esis  variola  confluens,  VariolcB 
regida'res  confiuen'tes,  Vesic'idcs  DircB  Bar'hara;, 
Vesicnles  de  Sainte-Barhe  or  Confluent  Small- 
pox, the  pustules  are  confluent,  or  run  together ; 
flaccid  and  irregularly  circumscribed;  the  inter- 
vening spaces  being  pale,  and  the  accompanying 
fever  typhoid.  In  children,  diarrhoea,  and,  in 
adults,  ptyalism,  with  swelling  of  the  hands  and 
feet,  generallj'  appear,  towards  the  period  of  the 
sec'ondary  fever,  which  occurs  from  the  tenth  to 
the  thirteenth  day.  The  fever  that  precedes  and 
accompanies  the  eruption  is  called  the  Eruptive 
fever.  The  prognosis  is  favourable  in  the  dis- 
tinct kind,  if  properly  managed.  The  confluent 
is  always  dangerous,  —  the  unfavourable  symp- 
toms being  —  flattening  of  the  pustules,  or  subsi- 
dence of  the  eruption  ;  the  breathing  becoming 
much  obstructed  or  oppressed ;  or  marks  of  in- 
flammatory and  congestive  affections  occurring  in 
the  different  viscera.  The  treatment  of  the  dis- 
tinct kind  is  very  simple :  the  antiphlogistic  re- 
gimen, with  cathartics,  being  all  that  is  neces- 
sary. The  confluemt  kind  requires  the  same 
management  as  typhus  fever. 

"When  the  pimples  are  confluent  in  patches,  the 
patches,  being,  however,  separated  by  intervals 
of  unaffected  skin  ;  it  constitutes  the  clustered, 
coherent,  or  corymbose  variety — Vari'ola  eori/m- 
ho'sa. 

Variola  Amboinensis,  Framboesia — v.  Corym- 
bosa,  see  Variola^v.  Inserta.,  Variola  (by  inocu- 
lation)—  V.  Lymphatica,  Varicella — v.  Mitigata, 
Varioloid. 

Vari'ola  sine  Vari'olis,  Vari'olous  Fever. 
These  terms  are  applied  to  cases  occasionally  ob- 
served during  the  prevalence  of  variola,  in  which 
the  constitutional  phenomena  are  present  without 
the  cutaneous  eruption. 

Variola  Spuria,  Varicella — v.  Vaccina,  Vac- 
cina— V.  Vaecinatorum,  Varioloid. 

VARIOLJE,  Variola — v.  Equinae,  see  Grease — 
V.  Illegitimas,  Varicella  —  v.  Modificatse,  Vario- 
loid— V.  Nothse,  Varicella — v.  Pncella;,  Varicella 
—  V.  Sylvestris,  Varicella  —  v.  Tutorise,  Vaccina 
— V.  Vera3,  Variola — v.  Volaticee,  Varicella. 

VARIOLATION,  Inoculation  (Small-pox.) 

VARIOLE,  Variola. 

VARIOLI,  Variola. 

VAR'IOLOID,  Variolois,  Varioloi'des,  Vari'- 
ola  modifica'ta,  V.  mitiga'ta,  V.  vaccinato'rnm, 
Varieel'la,  Variolo'ldea,  from  variola,  small-pox, 
and  eiiog,  'form,'  —  resembling  small-pox.  This 
is,  really,  small-pox,  modified  bj'  previous  inocu- 
lation or  vaccination  ;  and  hence  it  has  been 
properly  called  modified  small-pox.  That  it  is 
small-pox  is  proved  by  the  fact,  that  matter, 
taken  from  a  varioloid  pustule,  will  communicate 
small-pox  to  one  who  has  never  had  it  naturally 
or  by  inoculation,  or  who  has  never  been  vacci- 
nated. It  is,  almost  always,  a  milder  diseaso 
than  small-pox;  and  this  circumstance,  with  its 
shorter  duration,  exhibits  the  salutary  effects  o. 
previous  vaccination  or  inoculation.  It  has  ap. 
peared  epidemically. 


VARIOLOIS 


VEIN 


VAKIOLOIS,  Varioloid. 
VARIQUEUX,  Varicose. 

VAE,IX,  Phleheurys'ma,  Phlehec'tasis,  Uer'nia 
seu  Ecta'sia  vena'rum,  Angieeta' sia  veno'sa,  Ix'ia, 
Girsus,  Cedma,  Var'icose  Vein,  (P.)  Yariee,  is 
considered,  by  some,  to  come  from  the  verb  va- 
riare,  'to  turn,'  to  twist,'  —  on  account  of  the 
sinuosities  of  varicose  veins.  Dilatation  of  a 
vein.  Varices  are  owing  to  local  retardation  of 
the  venous  circulation ;  and,  in  some  cases,  to 
relaxation  of  the  parietes  of  the  veins.  They  are 
very  common  in  the  superficial  veins  of  the  lower 
limbs,  especially  of  pregnant  females.  The  tu- 
mour or  tumours,  formed  by  varices,  are  soft, 
knotty,  unequal,  indolent,  and  livid ;  without 
pulsation,  and  yielding  readily  to  the  impression 
of  the  finger;  Ijut  returning  as  soon  as  the  com- 
pression is  discontinued.  Sometimes,  the  vein 
bursts  and  gives  rise  to  hemorrhage.  The  treat- 
ment is  usually  palliative,  and  consists  in  exert- 
ing a  uniform  and  constant  pressure  upon  the 
pai-t,  by  means  of  an  appropriate  bandage.  The 
radical  cure  has,  also,  been  obtained  by  extirpa- 
tion, division  of  the  vein,  or  ligature.  The  second 
course  is  apt  to  be  followed  by  j)hlebitis. 
VAROLI,  BRIDGE  OF,  Pons  Varolii. 
VARUS,  Acne,  lonthus,  see  KyUosis — v.  Men- 
tagra,  Sycosis. 

VAS,  Vessel,  Penis — v.  Deferens  mulieris,  Tuba 
Fallopiana — v.  Urinarium,  Ureter. 

VASA  AESOREENTIA,  Absorbent  vessels  — 
v.  Capillaria,  Capillary  vessels. 

Vasa  CHYLOPOiiJT'icA  Urixif'era.  Blood- 
vessels,  which,  according  to  Lippi,  convey  drinks 
from  the  chyliferous  vessels  to  the  renal  reins. 

Vasa  Efferentia,  see  Efferent — v.  Exhalan- 
tia,  Exhalant  vessels — v.  Hydragoga,  Lymphatic 
vessels  —  v.  Lactea,  ChyliferoiTS  vessels,  Lactife- 
reus  vessels — v.  Meningea,  Meningeal  vessels  — 
v.  Sedalia,  Hsemorrhoidal  vessels  —  v.  Lympha- 
tica,  Lymphatic  vessels — v.  Nutritia,  Vasa  vaso- 
rum — V.  Recta,  see  Rete  testis — v.  Resorbentia, 
Absorbent  vessels.  Lymphatic  vessels. 

Vasa  Vaso'rum,  V.  mitrWia.  Small  vessels 
that  supply  larger.  However  minutely  a  vessel 
is  traced,  its  parietes  will  be  found  supplied  with 
blood  for  its  nutrition  by  a  smaller  vessel. 

Vasa  Vortico'sA,  (F.)  Tourhillon  vaaeulaire. 
The  contorted  vessels  which  creep  on  the  choroid 
coat  of  the  eye  ;  ciliary  veins. 

VASCOA  AMPLEXICAU'LIS.  A  South  Af- 
rican shrub,  Nat.  Orel.  Leguminosse,  the  roots  of 
which  taste  like  liquorice.  They  are  used,  in 
decoction,  in  catarrh  and  phtisis,  and  are  a  good 
substitute  for  liquorice. 

VAS'CULAR,  Vascula'ris,  Vasculo'sns,  An- 
gei'al.  from  vus,  'a  vessel.'  That  which  belongs 
or  relates  to  vessels;  —  arterial,  venous,  or  lym- 
phatic; but  generally  restricted  to  blood-vessels 
only.  Full  of  vessels.  Bichat  gave  the  name 
Vascular  system  to  the  blood-vessels,  and  of  this 
he  made  two  divisions.  1.  The  Arterial  system, 
or  System  of  red  Hood,  (F.)  Systeme  vascidaire  a, 
sang  rouge,  which  commences  with  the  radicles 
of  the  pulmonary  veins;  and  includes  the  pulmo- 
nary veins,  the  left  cavities  of  the  heart  and  the 
aorta  with  all  its  ramifications.  The  blood,  in 
this  system,  is  distributed  to  the  general  capillary 
system,  where  it  loses  its  arterial  quality  and  be- 
comes venous.  2.  The  Venous  system  or  Vascu- 
lar system  of  black  Hood,  (F.)  Systeme  vasculaire 
d  sang  noir,  carries  the  blood  from  every  part  of 
th«  system  to  the  lungs.  It  takes  its  origin  in 
the  general  capillary  system  ;  continues  in  the 
veins,  right  auricle,  and  ventricle  of  the  heart 
and  the  pulmonarj^  artery  and  its  branches,  and 
is  finally  lo?t  in  the  capUlary  system  of  the  lungs. 
Soo  Circulairafl-. 


Vascular  Layer,  see  Tache  embryonnaire — ■ 
V.  Radicals,  Radical  vessels — v.  Substance  of  the 
Kidney,  see  Kidney — v.  System,  intermediate, 
Capillary  system  —  v.  System,  peripheral,  Capil- 
lary system: — v.  Tumour,  see  Harmorrhois. 

VASCULAR'ITY.  The  state  of  being  vascu- 
lar, or  largely  supplied  with  vessels. 

VASCULUM,  Penis,  Vessel. 

VAs'cuLtJM  Aber'raxs,  A2:>2)endix  to  the  Epi- 
did'ymis.  A  small  convoluted  duct,  of  variable 
length,  generally  connected  with  the  duet  of  the 
epididymis,  immediately  before  the  commence- 
ment of  the  vas  deferens. 

VASE  A  SAIGNER,  Cup. 

VASTUS.  That  which  is  vast  or  has  a  great 
extent. 

Vastus  Externus  and  Vastus  Internus  are 
two  considerable,  fleshy  masses,  which  form  part 
of  the  Triceps  cruris. 

VASUM,  Vessel. 

VATERIA  INDICA,  see  Copal. 

VATICINIUM  CHIROMANTICUM,  Chiro- 
mancy. 

VAULT,  (old  F.  Voulte,)  'a  round  or  turn  j' 
frova.volverejVohitum,  'to  turn;'  Fornix,  Cam' era, 
(F.)  Voiite.  A  name  given  by  anatomists  to 
several  parts  which  are  rounded  superiorly ;  eon- 
cave  and  arched  interiorly, — as  the  Vault  of  the 
cranium  or  the  upper  part  of  the  skull, — the  Po- 
latine  vault  or  roof  of  the  mouth,  &c.,  &c. 

VAUQUELINE,  Strychnina. 

VEAL  TEA.  This  may  be  made  in  the  same 
manner  as  beef  tea,  by  using  a  pound  of  fillet  of 
veal,  free  from  fat  and  sliced,  and  a  pint  and  a 
half  of  boiling  water;  and  boiling  for  half  an 
hour.  It  may  also  be  made  with  the  same  quan- 
tity of  the  fleshy  part  of  a  knuckle  of  veal. 

VECORDIA,  Idiotism. 

VECTIS,  Lever— V.  Elevatorius,  Elevator— v. 
Triploides,  Elevator,  triploid. 

VEGETARIAN,  see  Vegetarianism. 

A^EGET--!l'RIANISM.  Same  etymon  as  Vege- 
tation. A  modern  term,  employed  to  designate 
the  view,  that  man,  for  his  full  mental  and  cor- 
poreal developement,  ought  to  subsist  on  the  di- 
rect productions  of  the  vegetable  kingdom,  and 
totally  abstain  from  flesh  and  blood.  An  embracer 
and  praetiser  of  this  doctrine  is  called  a  vegeta- 
rian. 

VEGETATIF,  Vegetative. 

VEGETA'TIOiSr,  Vegeta'tio,  'growing  like  a 
riant,'  from  vigeo,  '  1  flourish.'  A  morbid  part, 
which  rises  as  an  excrescence  in  syphilis,  &c. — 
as  the  Caulifioioer  excrescence,  <&c.  The  term  is 
also  applied  to  the  fleshy  granulations  or  IJyper- 
sarcoses,  which  sometimes  arise  at  the  surfaces 
of  wounds  or  ulcers. 

VEG"ETATIVE,  Vegetati'vus,  (F.)  Ve'getatif, 
same  etymon  as  the  last.  Having  relation  to 
growth  or  nutrition;  hence,  the  vegetative  or  nu- 
tritive functions. 

Vegetative  Layer,  see  Tache  embryonnaire. 

VEGETATIVUS,  Vegetative. 

VE'HICLE,  Vehic'uliim,  Oche'ma,  Constit'uens, 
(F.)  Vehicule,  from  vehere,  'to  carry.'  Anything 
which  serves  to  carrj' ;  thus  air  is  the  vehicle  o{ 
sound;  the  arteries  are  the  vehicles  of  the  bloocj^ 
&c.  In  Pharmacy,  the  name  vehicle  is  given  U 
any  excipient;  or  to  substances  which  serve  U 
the  media  of  administration  for  any  medicine. 
VEHICULE,  Vehicle. 

VEILED  PUFF,  see  Cavernous  respiration. 
VEIN,  Vena,  diminutive  ven'ula,  Phlebs,  Phlcps, 
(F.)  Veine.  The  veins  are  vessels  for  the  convey- 
ance of  black  blood  from  every  part  of  the  body 
to  the  heart.  They  are  found  wherever  there  are 
arteries,  and,  altogether,  form  the  venous  system, 


VEIN 


897 


VELAMENTUM 


which  may  he  subdivided  into  two  distinct  se- 
condary systems.  1.  The  General  venous  system, 
which  commences  in  all  the  organs,  by  very 
minute  radicles ;  and  terminates  in  the  heart  by 
the  vena  cava  and  the  coronary  vein.  2.  The 
Abdominal  venous  system,  which  is  limited  to  the 
abdominal  cavity;  commences,  also,  by  a  great 
number  of  branches,  and  terminates  in  the  liver 
by  a  single  trunk,  which  subdivides  in  that  organ. 
It  is  called,  also,  the  System  of  the  Vena  Porta, 
or  the  Portal  System.  See  Porta.  The  veins  form 
two  sets,  one  deep-seated,  Venm  satel'lites,  V.  con- 
cnm'ltes,  which  accompany  the  arteries  ;  the  other 
superficial  or  subcutaneous.  Their  parietes,  which 
are  thinner  than  those  of  the  arteries,  are  com- 
posed of  two  coats ;  the  one,  external,  loose,  ex- 
tensible, and  with  parallel,  longitudinal  fibres  — 
the  projoer  membrane ;  the  other,  the  common  or 
inner  membrane,  which  is  thin,  polished,  and  has 
numerous  duplicatures  or  folds  forming  parabolic 
valves.  These  valves  are  most  numerous  in  the 
veins  of  the  lower  extremities.  The  coats  of  the 
veins  are  supplied  with  small  arteries  or  vasa  va- 
sorum,  veins,  and  lymphatics.  They  have  not  as 
many  nervous  filaments  as  the  arteries.  These 
filaments  are  from  the  great  sympathetic. 

TABLE  OF  THE  VEINS. 

1.    VEINS  WHICH  FORM  THE  SUPERIOR  VENA  CAVA. 


4.  Vena  Azy^os,  which  receives^  ^  ^!^^^:^:^, 
(  3.  Semi-azygos. 


«< 


Receives  the 
1.  BasilJc,forn)e(lof  the 

2. Cephalic, forming  the 

'^  3.  Circunifle?;  veins. 
4.  Inferior  scapular. 


1.  Posterior  ulnar. 

2.  Anterior  ulnar. 

3.  Median  basilic. 

1.  Superficial  radial. 

2.  Median  cephalic. 


Long  thoracic. 
Superior  thoracic. 
Acromial  veins. 


Superficial  Tern-  I 
poral,  composed  • 
of  the  I 


1.  Pterygoid. 

2.  Spheno-palatine. 

3.  Alveolar. 


Receives  the 
1.  Internal  inaxilla-<j  4.  Inf'ra-orbitar. 
ry,  composed  of  the  I  5.  Mental. 

I  (i.  Inferior  dental. 
l_7.  Deep  temporal. 
_,„„         c-irr.„(l.  Middle  temporal. 
-  '-  -■  Si-n^fi'^'^l  Tern-  i  ^  A„terior  auHculars. 
3.   Transverse  of  the 
face. 
1  3.   Posterior   Auricular.      The   trunk   then 
I      takes  the  name  of  Externnl  Jvgvlar,  and 

in  its  course  along  the  neck,  receives  — 
I  4.  Cervical  cutaneous. 
1^5.  Trachelo-scapular,  &c. 
f  Receives 

1.  Superior  Cerebral  Veins. 

2.  Veins  of  the  Corpus  Striatum. 

3.  Veins  of  the  Choroid  plexus. 

4.  Superior  Cerebellar  Veins. 

5.  Inferior  Cerebellar  Veins. 
(5.  Lateral  and  inferior  Cerebral  Veins. 

ri.  Lachrymal. 

2.  Central  of  the  retina. 

~  r\  i,.u  T    •  TT  •        3-  Infra-orbitar. 
T.OphthalmicVein, 

5.  Ethmoidal. 
I  G.  Palpebral,  and 
(7.  Nasal  Veins. 

•^  ■{  f\.  Palpebral,  and 

2.  Superciliary  Veins. 

3.  Dorsals  of  the  nose. 
Corona- 

es   of 
the  lip. 

6.  Several  Buccal  and 

7.  Masseteric  Veins, 
j  8.  Ranine, 
I  9.  Submental,  and 
1^10.  Inferior  Palatine. 

9.  Lingual  and  Pharyngeal  Veins. 

10.  Superior  thyroid. 

11.  Occipital,  and 

12.  Veins  of  the  Diploe. 
13.  Right  Internal  Mammary  Vein. 

Inferior  Thyroid  Vein,  opening  into  the  Vena  Cava, 
between  the  two  Subclavians. 
57 


''V^"v  4.  Ciliary, 
composed  of  the  1  ^    T^,y..„i:. 


.  Facial  Vein, 
called  angular, 
near  the  eye,  re 
ceiving  the 


I  4.  Superiors  '^^j^ 
Is.  Inferior.)      {J,*; 


■< 


.    VEINS  WHICH  FORM  THE  INFERIOR  VENA  CAVA. 

fl.    Femoral 

I  or      Crural, 
which    is  a 
continua- 
j  lion   of  tlie 
Receivethe    2.  Popliteal,  1  fl.  Several 

1.  E.xternal  j  conimenc-     I  1. External  I  abdominal 
Iliacs.form-  j  iiig     by    3.        Saphena    veins, 
ed  by  the —    veins  which  |      and  |  2.  Circum- 

acconipany   J-2.  lnternal<(    flex  Iliac, 
j  the     fibular       Saphena,      and 
I  arteries, and       which  re-    3.External 
I  receiving       |    ceive —  pudic 

l_the —  j  t     veins. 

Ti     Vesical    Veins  fl'Dorsal veins 
I.    vesical     veins,       ^j-  j,.,g         j^ 

commencing  wuh  J    ^^  „,g  ,;,g,g_ 

]  2.  Veins  of  the 

clitdris,    in 

[     the  female. 


I.      Internal 

lliacs  which  i    ., 

receive  ]  „.   Sacro-lateral 

t'"^-  i      Veins. 

O     3,  Middle  Sacral  Vein. 
4.  Lumbar  Veins— four  in 
number    on    each    side, 
commencing  by  an  — 

1.    Spermatic  plexus    in 


'  1.  Abdominal  branch. 
^2.  Dorsal  branch. 


5.     Spermatic    Veins, 
commencing  with  the 


the  male. 
2.     Ovarium,     Fallopian 
tube,  &c.  in  the  female. 


6.  Renal  Veins. 

7.  Capsular  and  Adipose  Veins. 

8.  Hepatic  Veins. 

9.  Middle,      \ 

10.  Left,  and  n.  Hepatic  Veins. 

11.  Ri.?ht        S 

(.  12.  Inferior  Diaphragmatic  Veins,  two  in  number 

3.    VEINS   OF   THE  HEART. 

1.  Great  right  Coronary. 

2.  Small  right  Coronary. 

3.  Left  Coronary  Veins. 

4.   VEINS  WHICH  FORM  THE  VENA  PORT^S. 

(■Receives  the 
1.    Veins  which  correspond   to   the 
vasa  brevia. 
,    _,  ,     ■  tr  .      I  2.  Right  and  left  gastroepiploic. 

1.  Splenic  Vein. -^  3    pJojenal,  and 

4.  Pancrealic  veins. 
]  5.  Coronary  Vein  ofthe  Stoinach,and 
l_6.  Small  mesenteric  vein. 

2.  Superior  Mesenteric  Vein. 

Vein,  BRO^'CHIAL,  Left,  see  Azygos — v.  Demi- 
azygous,  see  Azygos — v.  Frontal,  see  Facial  vein 
— V.  Semi-azygous,  see  Azygos,  (vena)  —  v.  Su- 
perior intercostal,  left,  see  Azygos — v.  Tibio-mal- 
leolar,  Saphena,  great  —  v.  Palato-labial,  Facial 
vein — V.  Peroneo-malleolar,  Saphena  minor — v. 
Varicose,  Varix. 

VEINE,  Vein — v.  Cave,  Cava  vena — v.  CepTia- 
liqice,  Jugular  vein,  internal  —  v.  Cephalique  du 
pouce.  Cephalic  vein  of  the  thumb  —  v.  Cubitah 
cutanea,  Basilic  vein — v.  Fessiere,  Gluteal  vein  — 
V.  de  3Iedine,  Dracunculus — v.  Porte,  Porta  vena 
V.  Prelombo-tJioraciqne,  Azygos,  (vena)  —  v.  Pre- 
parate.  Cephalic  vein  —  v.  Radiale  cutanee.  Ce- 
phalic vein — V.  Sans  piaire,  Azygos,  vein — v.  Tra- 
cMlo-sous-cutanee,  Jugular  vein,  external. 

VEINES  ARTERTELLES,  Arterial  veins  — 
V.  Ciliaires,  Ciliary  veins — v.  Sous-clavieres,  Sub- 
clavian veins — v.  Sus-hepatiques,  Hepatic  veins. 

VEINS,  CORONARY,  Cardiac  veins— v.  Intra- 
lobular, Hepatic  veins— v.  Supra-hepatic,  Hepatic 
veins. 

VEINSTONE,  Phlebolite. 

VELAMEN  NATIVUM,  Integument. 

VELAMBNTA  BOMBYCINA,  Villous  meia 
branes  —  v.  Cerebralia,  Meninges -^r.  Infaniis, 
Membranes  ofthe  foetus. 

VELAMENTUM  ABDOMINALE,Peritoni3euin 
— V.  Corporis  commune,  Integument — v.Nativum, 
Integument. 


VELAR 


VENTER 


VELAR,  Erysimum. 

VELLICATION,  Tic. 

VELOSYNTHESIS,  Staphylorraphy. 

YELUM,  Velum  pendulum  palati — v.  Apophysi 
vermiformi  obtentum,  Valvula  Vieussenii — v.  In- 
terjeetum  cerebelli,  Valvula  Vieussenii  —  v.  Me- 
dullars anticum,  Valvula  Vieussenii. 

Velum  Medclla're  Inferius,  (F.)  Voile  me- 
duUaire  inferieur.  A  name  given,  by  Reil,  to 
the  medullary  band  or  strip,  by  whicb  the  cere- 
bellum communicates  -with  the  medulla. 

Veluji  Medulla're  Poste'rius  seu  Posti'cus 
seu  Semiluna're,  Val'vula  Tari'ni.  The  small 
posterior  valve  of  the  cerebellum ;  a  thin  medul- 
lary plate,  situate  between  the  medulla  oblongata 
and  vermis  inferior,  in  front  of  the  nodulus. 

Velum  Palati,  Velum  pendulum  palati  —  v. 
Palatinum,  Velum  pendulum  palati. 

Velum  Pen'dulum  Pala'ti,  'Pendulous  veil 
of  the  palate.'  Velum,  Velum  Palati'num,  Velum 
Palati,  Velum  Pen'dulum,  Velum,  Stapliyli'num, 
Pala'tum  pen'dulum,  Pen'dulum, pala'ti,  Claustrum 
Palati,  Soft  Palate,  Palatum  Molle,  (F.)  Septum 
Staphylin  (Ch.),  Voile  du  Palais.  A  moveable, 
soft,  and  broad  septum,  attached  to  the  posterior 
extremity  of  the  palatine  arch,  and  separating  the 
mouth  from  the  pharynx.  Its  form  is  nearly 
quadrilateral.  Its  anterior  surface  corresponds 
to  the  mouth;  i\iQ  posterior  to  the  pharynx.  Its 
superior  edge  is  fixed  to  the  palatine  arch ;  the 
inferior  is  free,  floating,  and  has  an  appendix  at 
its  middle  —  the  'uvula.  The  lateral  margins  of 
the  velum  are  held  down  by  two  folds,  separated 
from  each  other  by  a  triangular  space;  these  are 
called  the  pillars ;  the  anterior  passes  to  the  base 
of  the  tongue,  the  posterior  to  the  sides  of  the 
pharynx.  The  velum  palati  is  formed  of  a  mu- 
cous coat,  which  contains  numerous  follicles,  and 
of  a  muscular  stratum,  in  which  are  the  perista- 
phylini  interni  and  p.  extern!  muscles,  the  glosso- 
staphylini,  the  pharyngo-staphylini  and  the  pa- 
lato-staphylinus.  The  arteries  of  the  velum  palati 
are  furnished  by  the  internal  maxillary,  the  labial 
and  the  superior  pharyngeal.  Its  veins  open  into 
the  internal  jugular.  Its  nerves  are  sent  off  from 
the  ganglion  of  Meckel,  and  come  from  the  pala- 
tine branches.  The  glosso  -  pharyngeal  nerve, 
likewise,  sends  it  some  filaments. 

Velum  Staphtlinum,  Velum  pendulum  palati 
— V.  Vieussenii,  Valvula  Vieussenii. 

VELVET  LEAF,  Pareira. 

VEISTA,  Vein,  Penis — v.  Alba  renum,  Ureter — 
V.  Alba  thoracis,  Thoracic  duet — v.  Apoplectica, 
Jugular  vein,  internal — v.  Arteriosa,  Porta  vena. 
Pulmonary  artery— v.  Capitis,  Cephalic  vein — v. 
Cava,  Cava  vena — v.  Cubiti  interior,  Basilic  vein 
— V.  Demiazygos,  see  Azygos — v.  Falcis  cerebri. 
Sinus  longitudinal  inferior — v.  Hemiazyga,  see 
Azygos — V.  Lactea,  Porta  vena — v.  Magna,  Porta 
Tena — v.  Medina  Arabum,  Dracunculus — v.  Me- 
dinensis,  Dracunculus — v.  Ostiaria,  Porta  vena — 
V.  Pari  carens,  Azygos,  (vena) — v.  Portalis,  Porta 
vena  —  v.  portarum.  Porta  vena  —  v.  ad  Portas, 
Porta  vena — v.  quae  ad  Portas  est.  Porta  vena  — 
V.  Ramalis,  Porta  vena  —  v.  sine  Pari.  Azygos, 
(vena) — v.  Steleehiaea,  Porta  vena — v.  Subalaris, 
Vena  axillaris — v.  Terminalis,  Circulus  venosus. 

VENiE  APOPLECTICS,  Jugular  veins— v. 
f!aviie  hepatis.  Hepatic  veins — v.  Centrales,  Intra- 
lobular veins — v.  Concomites,  see  Vein — v.  Galeni, 
Choroid,  (veins) — v.  Innominatfe,  see  Innomina- 
tum  —  V.  Intralobulares,  Intralobular  veins  —  v. 
Lacieae,  Chyliferous  vessels  —  v.  Lymphaticse, 
Lymphatic  vessels  —  v.  Micantes,  (arteries,)  see 
Aitery  —  v.  Pulsatiles,  (arteries,)  see  Artery — v. 
Katellites,  see  Vein — v.  Soporales,  Jugular  veins 
V.  Sphagitiucs,  Jugular  veins. 


VENSSECTIO,  see  Blood-letting— v.  Eevul- 
soria,  see  Blood-letting. 

VENS  VORTICO'SS.  The  veins  which  prin- 
eipally  form  the  external  or  venous  layer  of  the 
choroid  coat  of  the  eye  ;  so  called  from  their  pe- 
culiar arrangement;  from  vertex  seu  vortex,  'a 
whirlpool.' 

VENAL,  Venous. 

VENEFICIUM,  Poisoning. 

VENENATION,  Poison,  Poisoning,  Venom. 

VENENATUS,  Venomous. 

VENENOSE,  Venomous. 

VENENUM,  Poison,  Venom. 

VENE'REAL,  Vene'reus,  Apthrodisiacus,  Ve- 
■ne'rean,  (F.)  Venerien,  from  Venvs,  'the  goddess 
of  pleasure.'  That  which  relates  to  the  pleasures 
of  love.  In  a  more  restricted  sense,  the  word 
venereal  is  synonymous  with  syphilitic,  and  also 
with  syphilis.  Some  authors  have  proposed  that 
those  diseases  should  be  called  venereal  which 
are  produced  by  excess  in  venery;  and  that 
syphilitic  should  be  limited  to  those  which  are 
the  result  of  impure  connexion.  It  is,  also,  used 
in  the  same  sens«  as  aphrodisiac,  —  adapted  to 
excite  venereal  desire. 

Venereal  Desire,  Libido  —  v.  Disease,  Sy- 
philis. 

VENERIEN,  Venereal.  This  term,  also, 
means  one  labouring  under  syphilis;  as  Hopitul 
des  ven^riens. 

VENERIVAGUS,  Libidinous. 

VEN'ERY.  Same  etymon.  The  pleasures  of 
love.     Sexual  communication.     Coitioa. 

VENESECTION,  see  Blood-letting. 

VENIiMEUX,  Venomous, 

VENIN,  Venom. 

VENOM,  Vene'num,  Tox'ieum,  Venena'tion,  (F.) 
Venin.  A  poisonous  fluid  secreted  by  certain 
animals,  as  the  viper,  in  a  state  of  health,  and 
which  they  preserve  in  a  particular  reservoir,  to 
use  as  a  means  of  attack  or  defence.  It  differs, 
according  to  some,  from  virus,  as  the  latter  is 
always  the  result  of  a  morbid  process,  which  may 
be  produced  by  the  individuals  who  receive  it,  in 
their  turn,  and  be  transmitted  to  others. 

Venom,  Quickening,  Sperm — v.  Vital,  Sperm. 

VEN'OMOUS,  Venena'tus,  Ven'enose,  (F.) 
Venimeux.  An  epithet  applied  to  animals  which 
have  a  secretion  of  venom,  as  the  viper,  rattle- 
snake, &c. ;  and,  by  some,  to  liquids  in  the  ani- 
mal body,  which  have  been  so  perverted  by  pre- 
vious disease,  that  their  contact  occasions  serious 
mischief  in  sound  individuals;  as  happens  in 
hydrophobia.  Virus  is  more  commonly  used  in 
this  ease. 

VENOSITAS,  Venosity  —  v.  Sanguinis,  Prse- 
dominium  sanguinis  venosi. 

VENOS'ITY,  Venos'itas,  Ve'nousness,  Ver.ons 
state,  Venous  cachex'ia,  Melanm'mia,  3/elano'sis 
vniversa'lis,  from  vena,  'a  vein.'  A  condition  in 
which,  it  has  been  supposed,  the  blood  is  moved 
slowly;  is  more  venous;  and  the  venous  blood 
itself  in  greater  quantity.  This  state  is  said  to 
be  chiefly  observed  in  hemorrhoids,  gout,  hypo- 
chondriasis, melancholia,  &c.  —  Puchelt. 

VENOUS,  Venal,  Veno'sus.  Same  etymon. 
Appertaining  to  a  vein,  or  to  the  blood  of  the 
veins  ;  as  venous  cachexia,  venous  pulse. 

Venous  Cachexia,  Venosity  —  v.  Hum,  Bruit 
de  Diahle  —  v.  State,  Venosity  —  v.  System,  ab- 
dominal, Porta  vena  —  v.  System,  see  Vascular. 

VENOUSNESS,  Venosity. 
VENT,  Wind. 

VENTER,  Abdomen,  Belly,  Uterus.  In  law, 
venter  designates  the  maternal  parentage  of  chil- 
dren. Thus,  if  A  were  B's  child  by  his  first  wife, 
he  would  be  described  in  law  as  "  by  the  first 


VENTEUX 


899 


VENTRICULI 


venter."  "A  died  seised,  leaving  two  infant 
daughters  by  dififerent  venters." 

Venter  Isrus,  Abdomen,  Hypogastrium,  Nei- 
asra  —  v.  Inferius,  Abdomen — v.  Infimus,  Abdo- 
men— V.  Magnus,  Ingluvies — v.  Medius,  Thorax 
— V.  Parvus,  Hypogastrium — v.  Propeudens,  Hy- 
gteroloxia  anterior — v.  Renum,  Pelvis  of  the  kid- 
ney —  V.  Supremus,  Cavum  cranii. 

VENTEUX,  "Windy. 

VENTILA'TION,  Ventila'tio,  from  ventns, 
'wind.'  The  act  of  renewing  the  air  of  vessels, 
hospitals,  and  apartments,  or  of  situations  where 
many  people  are  collected  together.  The  utility 
of  such  renewal  must  be  evident,  when  it  is  con- 
sidered that  atmospheric  air  loses  its  oxygen 
during  respiration,  and  that  carbonic  acid  supplies 
its  place.  Stagnant  air,  also,  becomes  loaded 
with  numerous  impurities;  and  hence  one  of  the 
greatest  hygienic  improvements,  of  modern  times, 
has  been  a  proper  attention  to  circulation  of  air. 
It  is,  moreover,  one  of  the  most  valuable  addi- 
tions to  our  stock  of  therapeutical  agencies  in 
many  diseases. 

Instruments  used  for  the  purpose  of  renewing 
the  air,  in  ships,  apartments,  &c.,  have  been 
called  ventilators. 

VENTOSITE,  Flatulence. 

VENTOSITY,  Flatulence.  ^ 

VENTOUSES  SGABIFIEES,  Cupping  with 
the  scarificator.  ^ 

VENTOUSES  SECHES,  Cupping,  dry. 

VENTRAL.  Abdominal. 

Ventral  Her'nia,  Her'nia  ventra'lis.  Direct 
hernia  accurring  in  any  part  of  the  abdomen.  It 
is  most  frequently  found  between  the  recti  mus- 

VENTRALE,  Belt  (Russian). 

Ventral!  Cuta'neum,  'Cutaneous apron.'  (F.) 
Tablier.  An  elongation  of  the  nymphee  in  the 
Bosjesman  female,  which  hangs  down  before  the 
vulva  like  an  apron. 

VENTRE,  Abdomen — v.  Inferieur,  Abdomen 
•^t).  Resserre,  Constipation. 

VENTRE  INSPICIENDO  DE,  see  De  ventre 
inspiciendo. 

VEN'TRICLE,  Ventric'tdm,  diminutive  of 
venter,  'belly.'  Literally,  a  little  belli/.  A  name 
given,  in  anatomy,  to  various  parts. 

Ventricle  op  Aran'tius.  A  small  cavity, 
lined  with  gray  substance,  at  the  point  of  the 
calamus  scriptorius. 

Ventricles  of  the  BRAiy,  Ventric'uli  seu  Ca- 
vita'tes  seu  Sinits  Cer'ebri,  (F.)  Ventriculcs  dii 
cerveau,  are  five  cavities  in  the  interior  of  that 
organ,  which  are  distinguished  into  the  lateral 
ventricles,  middle  ventricle,  fourth  ventricle  or 
ventricle  of  the  cerebellum,  and  fifth  ventricle. 
The  middle  ventricle  or  third  ventricle,  (F.)  Ven- 
tricule  moyen  du  cerveau,  is  situate  in  front  of  the 
pineal  gland.  It  is  bounded,  above,  by  the  tela 
choroidea  and  the  fornix  ;  below,  by  a  portion  of 
cerebral  substance,  which  separates  it  from  the 
base  of  the  cranium;  laterally,  by  the  thalami 
nervorum  opticorum  ;  anteriorly,  by  a  medullary 
cord,  called  the  anterior  commissure ;  and,  ^josfe- 
riorly,  by  another  medullary  cord,  called  the  j^os- 
terior  commissure.  It  communicates  with  the 
lateral  ventricles  by  two  openings,  situate  behind 
the  anterior  pillar  or  cms  of  the  fornix.  The 
Lateral  ventricles,  Ventric'idi  latera'les,  V.  mag- 
ni,  V.  majo'res,  V.  j^rio'res,  V.  sujierio' res,  V.  tri- 
cor'nes,  (F.)  Ventricules  lateralis,  are  two  in  num- 
ber. They  are  large,  and,  owing  to  their  consi- 
derable curvature,  occupy  a  great  part  of  the 
cerebral  centre.  They  are  bounded,  above,  by 
the  inferior  surface  of  the  corpus  callosum ;  ante- 
riorly, by  the  curved  portion  of  the  same  body ; 
posteriorly,  by  a  cunsiderable  mass  of  cerebral 


substance ;  and,  internally,  they  are  separated 
from  each  other  by  the  septum  of  the  ventricles, 
—  a  medullary  plate,  which  is  given  off  from  the 
lower  part  of  the  corpus  callosum.  The  lateral 
ventricles  have,  in  their  upper  and  anterior  por- 
tion, the  Corpora  striata,  Thalami  optici,  Lnd 
Tmnia  semicircularis  :  —  their  inferior  portion 
contains  the  corpus  fimbriatum,  cornu  Ammonis, 
&c.  The  Fourth  ventricle,  Ventricnlus  cerebelli 
seu  qtiartus,  V.  Aran'tii,  Sinus  rhomhoV deus,  (F.) 
Quatrieme  ventrieule,  is  situate  beneath  the  aque- 
duct of  Sylvit(s,  by  which  it  communicates  with 
the  third  ventricle.  It  extends  from  this  aque- 
duct to  the  upper  part  of  the  medulla;  and  is 
seated  in  the  substance  of  the  tuber  annulare. 
The  Fifth  ventricle,  Ventric'ulus  septi  p>ellu'cidi, 
Ineisn'ra  sep)ti,  (F.)  Cinqtiieme  ventrieule,  is  the 
small  serous  cavity  between  the  laminte  of  the 
septum  lucidum ;  called,  also.  Fissure  or  Fossa 
of  Sylvius  or  Sinus  of  the  septum  lu'cidum. 

Ventricles  of  the  Heart,  Ventric'idi  cordis, 
Speeus  cordis,  (F.)  Ventricides  du  eoeiir,  are  two 
in  number.  The  Right  ventricle,  Pidmonary  ven- 
tricle, Ventric'ulus  anterior,  V.  pirimus,  V.  pidmo- 
na'lis,  (F.)  Ventrieule  droit  ou  pulmonaire,  is 
situate  at  the  fore-part  of  the  heart,  the  base  and 
apex  corresponding  to  those  of  the  heart.  In  it 
are  seen  the  Columnm  carnece  and  Cordm  tendinem. 
The  right  ventricle  communicates  with  the  right 
auricle  by  the  Ostium  venosum,  and  from  it  the 
Pulmonary  artery  arises.  Around  the  auricular 
orifice  is  a  tendinous  margin  or  ring,  from  which 
the  tricuspid  valve  is  given  off.  The  use  of  the 
ventricle  is  to  send  the  blood,  by  its  contraction, 
along  the  pulmonary  artery  to  the  lungs.  The 
Left  ventricle,  Ventric'ulus  aor'tieus,  V.  p>osterior, 
V.  secundus,  (F.)  Ventrieule  gauche  ou  aortique, 
is  situate  at  the  posterior  and  left  part  of  the 
heart.  Its  parietes  are  much  thicker  and  stronger 
than  those  of  the  right,  owing  to  its  having  to 
send  the  blood  over  the  whole  system.  The  inner 
surface  has  the  same  general  appearance  as  that 
of  the  right.  The  Columnm  carnecB  and  Cordm 
tendine<B  are,  however,  much  stronger.  It  com- 
municates with  the  left  auricle  by  means  of  the 
Bfitral  valve;  and  from  it  proceeds  the  largest 
blood-vessel  of  the  body  —  the  aorta. 

Ventricles  of  the  Lartnx,  Sac'ctililaryngei, 
Sinuses  of  the  larynx,  (F.)  Ventricules  ou  Sinua 
du  larynx,  are  two  depressions  in  the  larynx, 
comprised  between  the  superior  and  inferior  liga- 
ments. 

Ventricle,  Pulmonary,  V.  right. 

VENTRICULAR,  Ventrieula'ris.  Same  ety- 
mon as  Ventricle.     Relating  to  a  ventricle. 

VENTRICULE  AORTIQUE,  Ventricle,  left 
—  I'.  Clnquieme,  Ventricle,  fifth  —  v.  Broit,  Ven- 
tricle, right — V.  Gauche,  Ventricle,  left — v.  Moyen 
du  Cerveau,  Ventricle,  middle,  of  the  brain  —  v. 
Pulmonaire,  Yentiiole,  right — v.  Quatrieme,  Yen- 
tricle,  fourth. 

VENTRICULES  DU  CERVEAU,  Ventri- 
cles of  the  brain  —  v.  du  Coeur,  Ventricles  of  the 
heart — v.  Laieraux,  Ventricles,  lateral. 

VENTRICULI  cordis.  Ventricles  of  the 
heart — v.  Dilatatio,  Gastrectasis — v.  Dissolutio, 
Gastro-malacia  —  v.  Durae  matris.  Sinuses  of  the 
dura  mater — v.  Emollitio,  Gastro-malacia  —  v. 
Exulceratio,  Gastrelcosis  —  v.  Fluxus,  Gastror- 
rhoea — v.  Inflammatio,  Gastritis  —  v.  Laterales, 
see  Ventricles,  lateral  of  the  brain  —  v.  Mngni, 
Ventricles,  lateral,  of  the  brain — v.  Majores,  Ven- 
tricles, lateral — v.  Metamorphosis  gelatiniformis, 
Gastro-malacia — v.  Perforatio,  Gastro-brosis — v. 
Priores,  Ventricles,  lateral  —  v.  Pseudophlogosm 
resolutiva  et  colliquativa,  Gastro-malacia  —  v. 
Superiores,  Ventricles,  lateral  —  v.  Tricornes, 
Ventricles,  lateral  —  v.  Ulceratio,  Gastrelcosis. 


VENTRICULUS 


900 


VERBENA 


VENTRICULUS,  Stomacli,  Yentricle— v.  An- 
terior, Ventricle,  right  —  v.  Aortieus,  Ventricle, 
left — Y.  Arantii,  see  Ventricles  of  the  brain. 

Ventriculds  Callosus,  *  Callous  stomach.' 
The  gizzard  or  third  stomach  of  the  gallinaceous 
bird.  It  consists  of  a  double-bellied  or  digastric 
muscle  ;  is  lined  by  a  firm  cuticle,  and  forms  a 
kind  of  pouch,  depending  from  the  alimentary 
tube,  in  which  the  second  stomach  terminates, 
and  from  which  the  duodenum  or  Ventricuhis 
euccenturia'tus  issues.  In  the  interior  of  the  giz- 
zard there  are  numerous  pebbles,  which  seem  to 
be  destined  to  aid  in  the  trituration  of  the  food. 
The  gizzard  is  an  organ  of  mastication,  and  is 
possessed  of  great  muscular  power. 

Ventriculus  Cereeelli,  see  Ventricles  of  the 
brain  —  v.  Posterior,  Ventricle,  left  —  v.  Primus, 
Ventricle,  right — v.  Pulmonalis,  Ventricle,  right 
—  V.  Quartus,  see  Ventricles  of  the  brain  —  v. 
Sccundus,  Ventricle,  left — v.  Septi  Pellucidi,  see 
Ventricles  of  the  brain — v.  Succenturiatus,  Duo- 
denum. 

YENTRILOQUE,  Engastrlmythos. 

VEXTRILOQUISM,  see  Eneastrimyth. 

VENTRILOQUIST,  Engastnmythos. 

VENTRILOQUY,  see  Engastrimyth. 

VENTROSITAS,  Physconia. 

VENTUS,  Wind. 

VEN'ULA,  Phlebion,  diminutive  of  Vena.  See 
Vein.  A  small  vein.  Hippocrates  seems  to  use 
it  in  the  same  sense  as  Arteria. 

VENULE  CENTRALES,  Intralobular  veins 
— V.  Intralobulares,  Intralobular  veins. 

VENUS,  Clitoris,  Coition,  Cuprum — v.  Crystals 
of,  Cupri  subaeetas  —  v.  Grystaux  de,  Cupri  sub- 
acetas. 

VER  CUCURBITAIN,  Trenia  solium— ■;;. 
Cutane,  Dracunculus  —  v.  Filaire,  Dracunculus — 
V.  de  Guinee,  Dracunculus — v.  Luisant,  Cicindela 
— V.  de  Medine,  Dracunculus — v.  Solitaire,  Both- 
riocephalus  latus,  Tosnia  solium. 

VERATRIA,  Veratrina. 

VERATRI'NA,  Vera'fria,  Ver'atrine.  A  ve- 
getable alkali,  found  in  the  seeds  of  Vera'tnwi' 
sabadil'la,  V.  officina'le,  Helo' nias  officina'lis,  and 
Asagres'a  officina'lis,  which  are  known  in  com- 
merce under  the  names  Cehadill'a,  Cevadill'a, 
and  Sabadill'a,  and  are  imported  from  Mexico. 
They  usually  occur,  in  commerce,  mixed  with 
the  fruit  of  the  plant,  are  two  or  three  lines  long, 
of  a  black  colour,  and  are  shining,  flat,  shriveled, 
winged,  and  elastic  seeds.  Veratrine  is  solid, 
white,  pulverulent,  and  inodorous  j  of  a  very 
acrid  taste  ;  decomposable  by  heat ;  very  soluble 
in  water,  and  soluble  in  alcohol.  When  prepared 
in  the  usual  manner,  it  still  contains  other  sub- 
stances,—  Sahadil'lin,  Ver'atrin,  gum  resin  of 
the  sabadilla,  and  black  greasy  matter.  It  is 
extremely  poisonous,  and  but  little  used  inter- 
nally in  medicine.  Magendie  has  given  it  as 
an  emetic  and  drastic  in  very  small  doses.  It 
has  been  recommended  to  be  applied  in  the 
way  of  friction,  or  endemically,  (from  gr.  v  to 
XX  to  ^j  of  lard  or  cerate,)  in  various  neuralgic 
affections.  The  following  is  the  formula  for  its 
preparation  in  the  Pharmacopoeia  of  the  Uni- 
ted States:  —  Take  of  cevadilla,  Ibij  ;  alcohol, 
2  gallons ;  siilphtirie  acid,  solution  of  ammonia, 
purified  animal  charcoal,  and  magnesia,  each  a 
euflicient  quantity.  Boil  the  cevadilla  in  a  gallon 
of  the  alconol,  in  a  retort  with  a  receiver  attached, 
for  an  hour,  and  pour  off  the  liquor.  To  the 
residue  add  another  gallon  of  the  alcohol,  toge- 
ther with  the  portion  recently  distilled;  again 
boil  for  an  hour,  and  pour  off  the  liquor.  Repeat 
the  boiling  a  third  time  with  the  remaining  alco- 
hol, and  with  that  distilled  in  the  previous  ope- 
raticn.    Press  the  cevadilla,  mix  and  strain  the 


liquors,  and,  by  means  of  a  water-bath,  distil  oflT 
the  alcohol.  Boil  the  residue  three  or  four  timea 
in  water  acidulated  with  sulphuric  acid,  mix 
and  strain  the  liquors,  and  evaporate  to  the  con- 
sistence of  syrup.  Add  magnesia  in  slight  ex- 
cess, shake  the  mixture  frequently,  then  express 
and  wash  what  remains.  Repeat  the  expression 
and  washing  two  or  three  times,  and  having 
dried  the  residue,  digest  it  with  a  gentle  heat 
several  times  in  alcohol,  and  strain  after  each  di- 
gestion. .  Distil  off  the  alcohol  from  the  mixed 
liquor,  boil  the  residue  for  fifteen  minutes  in 
water  with  a  little  sulphuric  acid  and  purified 
animal  charcoal,  and  strain.  Having  thoroughly 
washed  what  remains,  mix  the  washings  with  the 
strained  liquor,  evaporate  with  a  moderate  heat 
to  the  consistence  of  syrup,  and  then  drop  in  as 
much  solution  of  ammonia  as  may  be  necessary 
to  precipitate  the  veratria.  Lastly,  separate  and 
dry  the  precipitate.     See  Colchicum  autumnale. 

"VERA'TRUM  ALBUM,  Helleh'orus  albus, 
Elleb'orum  album,  Elleborus  albus,  Cherhachem, 
White  hellebore,  (F.)  Hellebore  blanc.  Sex.  Syst. 
Polj-gamia  Monoecia.  jVaf.  Ord.  Melanthacese 
(Lindley.)  The  root  or  rhizoma  of  this  common 
European  plant  is  indebted  to  the  veratrine  for 
its  properties.  It  is  inodorous;  has  a  bitterish, 
acrid,  nauseous  taste,  and  is  violently  emetic  and 
purgative,  even  when  applied  to  an  ulcerated  sur- 
face. It  is,  also,  possessed  of  errhine  properties, 
and  acts,  externally,  as  a  stimulant.  It  is  rarely 
exhibited  internally.  Sometimes  it  is  given  as  a 
sneezing  poicder ;  but  it  operates  with  great  vio- 
lence. It  forms,  also,  an  itch  ointment.  See 
Ung.  Veratri. 

A^eratruji  LuTEUjr,  Chamaelirium  luteum. 

Veratruji  Sabadil'la,  Sabadilla,  Sabatilla, 
Canis  Interfec'tor,  Cans' ticum  America' num,  Ceva- 
dil'la  Hispano'rum,  Sevadilla,  Hor' cleuni  caus'ti- 
cnm,  (E.)  Cevadille.  The  seeds  of  this  plant  have 
been  used,  mostly  as  anthelmintics.  Dose,  gr.  ij 
to  a  child,  four  years  old.  It  possesses  the  same 
general  properties  as  the  veratrum  album. 

VERATRtrjr  Vir'ide,  Ame7-ican  Hellebore, 
Sicamp  hellebore,  Indian  poJce,  Indian.  Uncas, 
Poke  loeed,  Bear  loeed,  Itch  weed,  Ticlde  iceed. 
Earth  gall,  Devilbit,  Wolf  bane.  Puppet  root,  is 
indigenous  in  the  swampy  districts  of  almost 
every  part  of  the  United  States.  Its  properties 
are  like  those  of  the  genus. 

VERBASCULUM,  Primula  veris. 

VERBASCUM  ALBUM,  V.  thapsus— v.  Ala- 
turn,  V.  thapsus  —  v.  Collinum,  V.  thapsus  —  v, 
Crassifolium,  V.  thapsus — v.  Elongatum,  V.  thap- 
sus— V.  Lychnitis,  V.  thapsus — v.  Montanum,  V. 
thapsus. 

Verbas'cum  Nigrum,  Black  Jfullein,  Cande'la 
re'gia,  Thajisus  harba'tus,  Tupstta  barba'tus,  Can- 
dda'ria,  Lana'ria;  and  Veebas'ccji  Thapsus, 
V.  thapsdi'des  seu  ala'tum  seu  colli'num  seu  album 
seu  crassifo'lium  seu  elonga'tum  seu  L;/chni'tii 
seu  monta'num  seu  simplex,  Phlogmus,  Phlomun, 
Phlox,  great  broad-leaved  Mullein,  High  Taper, 
Cow's  Lungwort,  or  Yelloiv  3/ullein,  (F.)  Jloltne, 
Bouillon  blanc;  Family,  Solaneje ;  Sex.  Syst. 
Pentandria  Monogynia,  —  especially  the  latter, — 
have  been  used  as  emollient,  applied  externally 
in  the  form  of  fomentation.  The  large  leaves 
have  been  chosen  for  this  purpose.  Occasion- 
ally, the  mucilage  which  they  contain  has  been 
extracted  by  decoction  or  infusion,  and  adminis- 
tered in  pectoral  affections. 

Vbebascum  Simplex,  V.  thapsus  —  v.  Thap- 
soides,  V.  thapsus  —  v.  Thapsus,  see  V.  nigrum. 

VERBE'NA*  IIASTA'TA,  an  American  spe- 
cies, is  more  bitter  than  the  European,  and  said 
to  bo  emetic. 

Verbe'xa  Officina'lis,  Verbena,  Dichro'mot, 


VERBEXACA 


901 


VEE^' 


Verhena'ca,  Perisfe'riiim,  Hleroloi'ane,  Herha 
sacra,  Vervain,  Purvain,  (P.)  Yerveine.  Family, 
Pyrenaeeaj.  Sext.  Sijst.  Diandria  Monogynia.  A 
plant  formerly  held  sacred;  used  in  sacrifices, 
and  suspended  round  the  neck  as  an  amulet.  In 
the  form  of  cataplasm,  it  is  said  to  have  relieved 
obstinate  headachs,  and  to  have  been  of  service 
in  scrofula.     It  is  not  used. 

Verbe'na  Urticifo'lia,  an  indigenous  spe- 
cies, has  been  used  in  poisoning  from  Rhus  Toxi- 
codendron. 

VERBENACA,  Verbena  officinalis. 

VERBESINA  ACMELLA,  Spilanthus  Ae- 
mella. 

YERBUS,  Penis. 

VEE CO  Q  LIN,  Phreni'iia  vermino'sa.  A  form 
of  phrenitis,  attributed  to  the  presence  of  a  worm 
in  the  brain ! 

YERDET,  Cupri  subaeetas. 

VERDIGRIS,  Gupri  subaeetas. 

VERENDA,  Genital  organs. 

VERETRUM,  Penis. 

YEEOE,  Penis  —  v.  d'Or,  Solidago  virgaurea. 

YEEGEEETTE    BE   PRILADELPEIE, 
Erigeron  Philadelphicum. 
VEEGETUEES,  Vibices. 

VERJUICE,  Om2)ha'ciurii,(F.)  Verjus,YerdJue. 
A  sour  kind  of  grape.  Also,  an  acid  liquor,  pre- 
pared from  very  sour  grapes  or  crab-apples.  It 
is  principally  used  in  culinary  preparations ;  al- 
though, occasionally,  an  ingredient  in  medicinal 
compounds.  See  Vitis  vinifera. 
YEEJUS,  Verjuice. 

VERMES,  Worms — v.  Cerebri,  Choroid  plexus. 
VEEMICULAIEE  BE  ULANTE,  Sedum. 

VERMICULAR,  Vermiform. 

VERMICULARIS,  Lumbricalis,  Sedum. 

VERMICULI  SPERMATICI,  Spermatozoa. 

VERMIC'ULUM,  Vermyc'ilum.  An  elixir;  a 
tincture.  —  Ruland  and  Johnson. 

VERMICULUS  CAPILLARIS,  Dracuneulus. 

VER'MIFORM,  Vennic'ular,  Yermicula'ris, 
Vermi/or'mis,  from  vermis,  'a  worm,'  and  forma, 
'form.'     That  which  resembles  a  worm. 

Verm'iform  Proc"esses,  Proees'sus  Vermi- 
form'es,  Protuberaii'ticB  vermiformes,  Montic'uli 
cerehel'li,  Appeii' dices  vermiformes.  Vermis,  Worm, 
(F.)  Erainences  vermiformes  du  cervelet,  are  two 
medullary  projections^  at  the  surface  of  the  cere- 
bellum. The  superior  vermiform  process.  Vermis 
superior  cerehelli,  is  an  elongated  projection,  at 
the  anterior  and  middle  part  of  the  superior  sur- 
fiice  of  the  cerebellum;  —  and  the  inferior  vermi- 
form process,  Ver7nis  inferior  cerebelli,  Pyr'amid 
of  Malacarne,  is  a  somewhat  large  projection, 
situate  in  the  depression  at  the  inferior  surface 
of  the  same  organ.  The  inferior  vermiform  pro- 
cess is  usually  described  as  consisting  of  three 
portions — the  pyramid,  the  uvula,  and  the  nodu- 
liis.  The  anterior  portion  of  the  superior  vermi- 
form process  is  elevated,  and  termed  Ilontic'ulus. 

VERMIFUGE,  Anthelmintic. 

VERitiFUGE,  Mathieu's.  This  consisted  of  two 
distinct  electuaries;  the  one  for  killing,  the  other 
for  expelling  tape-worm.  The  former  is  made 
of  an  ounce  of  tin  filings,  and  six  drachms  of  fern 
root. 

VERMIFUGUS,  Anthelmintic. 

VERMILION,  Hydrargyri  sulphuretum  ru- 
brum. 

VEEMILLON  BE  PEOVENCE,  Antimonii 
sulphuretum  rubrum. 

VERMINATIO,  Helminthiasis. 

VERMINATION,  CUTANEOUS,  Mails. 
YEEMINEUX,  Verminous. 

VERM'INOUS,  Vermino'sus,  (F.)  Yermineux. 
That  which  is  caused  by  worias;  as  a  verminous 
affection. 


VERMIS,  Vermiform  processes — v.  Bombyci- 
nus,  Cornu  ammonis  —  v.  Cerebelli,  Vermiform 
process— V.  Cerebri,  Fever,  Hungary — v.  Cucur- 
bitinus.  Taenia  solium  —  v.  Digiti,  Paronychia. 
VERMITIO,  Helminthiasis. 
VERNIX  CASEO'SA,  'cheesy  varnish.'  The 
fatty  varnish,  or  deposit,  often  found  on  the  foetus, 
which  is  secreted  by  the  sebaceous  follicles  of  the 
skin. 

Vernix  Sicca,  Sandarae. 
VERNO'NIA  ANTHELMIN'TICA,  Ascari'- 
cida  anthelmin'tica,  Calagirah,  Calageti.  A  plant 
which  is  indigenous  in  India.  Family,  Compo- 
sitse.  Sex.  Syst.  Syngenesia  Polygamia  super- 
flua.  It  has  great  celebrity  in  the  East  Indies, 
and  is  a  bitter  tonic ;  but  the  seeds  are  chiefly 
used  as  an  anthelmintic,  in  cases  of  ascarides 
and  lumbrici  in  children. 

Verno'nia  Noveboracen'sis,  Iron  weed,  Flat 
top;  an  indigenous  plant;  whose  purple  flowers 
appear  in  August  and  September,  is  reported  to 
possess  cathartic  properties. 

VEE  OLE,  Syphilis  — v.  Petite,  Variola— v. 
Petite  volante,  Varicella. 

VEEOLETTE,  Varicella. 

VEPtONI'CA,  Veronica  officina'lis  seu  Tourne- 
for'tii,  Veronica  mas,  Thea  German' ica,  Befon'ica, 
Paidi,  Chamm'drys,  Male  Veronica,  Fluellin,  Offi- 
cincd  SpeediceU,  (F.)  Veronique,  The  d'Europe. 
Family,  RhinanthodeaB.  Sex.  Syst.  Diandria  Mo- 
nogynia.   This  plant  was  once  used  as  a  pectoral. 

Veronica  Aqdatica,  V.  beccabunga. 

Veronica  Beccabun'ga,  Beccabunga,  Ana- 
gal'lis  aqnat'ica,  Laver  German'icum,  Veronica 
aquat'ica,  Cepm'a,  Water  Pim'pernel,  Brooklime, 
Brooklime  Speedwell,  Water  Speedwell,  Nech~ 
weed.  Water  Purslain,  (F.)  Veronique  cressonee. 
This  plant  was  formerly  used  in  a  variety  of  dis- 
eases. It  is,  however,  almost  insipid  and  inodo- 
rous ;  and  has  been  long  banished  from  practice. 

Veronica  Mas,  Veronica  —  v.  Officinalis,  Ve- 
ronica. 

Veronica  Peregri'na,  Nedcioeed,  Purslain, 
Speedwell;  indigenous;  flowering  from  April  to 
June,  is  given  internally  in  scrofulosis,  and  is 
applied  as  a  wash  to  scrofulous  tumours. 

Veronica  Purpurea,  Betonica  oflficinalis — v. 
Tournefortii,  Veronica — v.  Virginica,  Leptandra 
Virginica, 

VEEONIQUE,  Veronica — v.  Cressonee,  Yero- 
nica  beccabunga. 

VERBA,  Penis. 

VEERE,  Vitrum  —  ■;;.  d'Antimoine,  Antimonii 
vitrum. 

VERRU'CA,  diminutive  Verru'cxda,  Ecphy'ma 
verruca,  Phymato'sis  verruco'sa,  a  Wart,  (F.) 
Verrue.  A  small,  hard,  mamillary  tumour,  which 
forms  at  the  surface  of  the  skin,  and  particularly 
on  that  of  the  hands  and  face.  AVarts  are  gene- 
rally rugous  at  the  surface,  and  broad  at  the 
base;  their  roots  being  implanted  in  the  derma 
by  whitish  filaments,  which  are  dense,  semifi- 
brous,  and  very  numerous. 

Warts  may  be  destroyed  by  caustic,  or  removed 
by  excision.  Their  vitality  is,  generally,  not 
great. 

Verruca  Carnosa,  Condyloma  —  v.  Formica- 
ria,  Formica — v.  Minor,  Thymion — v.  Palpebra- 
rum, see  Hydatid— V.  Peusilis,  Acrochordon— v, 
Rhagoidea,  Thymion. 

VERRUCARIA,  Calendula  officinalis,  Helip- 
tropium  Europaum. 

VERRUCOSE,  Warty. 

VERRUCOUS,  Warty. 

VERRUCULA,  Verruca. 

VEE  RUE,  Verruca. 

VERS,  Worms. 


VERSE-CHARMS 


902 


VERTEBRAL 


VERSE-CHARMS,  see  Charm. 
VERSIO,  Turning  — V.  Foetus,  Turning  — v. 
[Spontanea,    Evolution    spontaneous  —  v.    Uteri, 
Hysteroloxia. 

version;  Turning. 
VERT-DE-GRIS,  Cupri  subacetas. 
VERTEBRA    DENTATA,   Axis  — v.   Dorsi 
Prima,  Lophia  —  v.  Lumborum  Prima,  Asphal- 
tites — V.  Magna,  Sacrum. 

VER'TEBR^,  Spon'dyli,  (F.)  Verahres ;  from 
vertere,  '  to  turn.'  This  name  has  been  given  to 
the  bones,  which  by  their  union  form  the  verte- 
bral or  spinal  column.  The  vertebrsB  are  short, 
thick,  very  angular  bones ;  twenty-four  in  num- 
ber, and  situate  one  above  another.  The  bodi/ — 
centrum,  of  Owen  —  of  the  vertebra  is  the  middle 
and  anterior  portion.  Above  and  below  it  is 
articulated,  by  means  of  a  fibro-cartilage,  with 
the  contiguous  vertebrae.  The  Processes,  (F.) 
Classes  a2)02')hy8aires,  of  each  vertebra  are  :  —  1. 
The  spinous  process,  situate  behind,  and  in  the 
median  line.  2.  The  two  transverse  processes, 
standing  off  from  each  side.  3.  The  four  articu- 
lar or  oblique  processes  —  zygajyopJiyses,  of  Owen 
—  two  superior,  and  two  inferior  —  which  serve 
to  unite  the  vertebrje  with  each  other.  These 
transverse  and  articulating  processes  are  made 
continuous  with  the  lateral  and  posterior  parts 
of  the  body  of  the  vertebra  by  narrow  bony  por- 
tions or  pedicles,  on  each  of  which  are  notches. 
These,  by  their  union  with  similar  notches  in  the 
contiguous  vertebra,  form  the  lateral  foramina, 
(F.)  Trous  de  conjugaison,  through  which  the 
spinal  nerves  leave  the  vertebral  canal.  The 
different  processes  are  united  with  each  other,  so 
as  to  form  a  kind  of  ring  of  the  lateral  and  pos- 
terior parts  of  the  vertebra;  and  the  foramen, 
within  this, — that  is,  between  the  body  and  pro- 
cesses, —  concurs  in  forming  the  vertebral  canal. 
The  vertebras  have  particular  characters,  accord- 
ing to  the  regions  they  occupy.  They  are  divided 
into  seven  cervical,  twelve  dorsal,  and  five  lumbar. 
The  first  cervical  is  called  atlas;  the  second,  axis 
or  vertebra  dentata ;  and  the  seventh,  vertebra 
proeminens.  The  vertebrae  are  articulated  with 
each  other.  Those  of  the  back  are  joined,  more- 
over, to  the  ribs.  The  first  or  atlas  is  articulated 
with  the  occipital  bone;  and  the  last  lumbar  ver- 
tebra with  the  sacrum.  The  cervical  vertebrre 
are  developed  by  nine  points  of  ossification ;  the 
dorsal  and  lumbar  by  eight. 

VER'TEBRAL,  Vertebra'lis.  That  which  re- 
lates or  belongs  to  the  vertebrfe. 

Vertebral  Artery,  Posterior  cerebral  artery, 
(Ch.,)  is  the  largest  of  the  branches  of  the  sub- 
clavian. It  arises  from  the  posterior  part  of  that 
vessel;  is  lodged  in  a  canal,  (F.)  Petit  canal  ver- 
tebral, formed  by  the  foramina  in  the  transverse 
processes ;  enters  the  cranium,  and  proceeds  to 
anastomose  with  its  fellow  of  the  opposite  side, 
and  to  form  the  Basilary  artery.  IBesides  the 
branches  sent  to  the  neck,  the  vertebral  artery 
gives  off  the  anterior  and  posterior  spinal  arteries, 
and  the  inferior  cerebelloua,  in  the  cavity  of  the 
cranium. 

Vertebral  Column,  Machis,  BhacMs,  Notos, 
Acnes' tis ;  the  Spine;  the  back  bone,  Cari'na,  C. 
hom'inis.  Spina  dorsi  seu  vertebra'lis,  Colum'na 
spina'lis,  G.  vertebra'lis,  0.  dorsi,  Spina  Dorsum, 
Terc/um,  Compa'tjes  Vertebra' rum,  Acan'tha,  Sacra 
Jis'tula,  Hi'era  Syrinx,  (F.)  Colonne  vertibrale, 
A'pin*  da  dos,  JEchine,  A  kind  of  bony  column, 
Bitaate  at  the  posterior  and  central  part  of  the 
trunk ;  extending  from  the  head  to  the  sacrum  ; 
flexible  in  tf-rery  direction,  yet  very  solid  and 
hollowed  by  a  canal  called  vertebral,  which  gives 
it  lightness  without  diminishing  its  strength,  and 
runs  through  its  whole  length.     The  vertebral 


column  is  formed  by  the  superposition  of  the  ver- 
tebrae.  It  represents  a  pyramid,  whose  base  is 
below.  Anteriorly,  it  is  convex  in  the  neck ; 
concave  in  the  back,  and  convex,  again,  in  the 
loins.  Behind,  the  curvatures  are  of  course  the 
reverse  of  these.  There  is  also,  in  the  dorsal  re- 
gion, a  lateral  curvature,  the  concavity  of  which 
is  towards  the  left  side.  Considered  as  a  whole, 
the  vertebral  column  has  an  anterior  or  j^respinal 
surface;  si  posterior  or  spinal;  two  lateral;  a 
base;  and  an  apex  or  top.  In  the  nomenclature 
of  Chaussier,  the  anterior  surface,  in  the  neck,  is 
called  tracJielian  ;  in  the  back,  predorsal ;  and 
in  the  loins,  prelumbar.  The  dorsal  surface  has, 
at  its  middle,  the  spinous  processes;  and,  at  its 
sides,  the  vertebral  gutters,  (F.)  Guuttieres  verte- 
brates, formed  by  the  succession  of  the  vertebral 
plates,  (F.)  Lames  vertebrales,  which,  by  their 
junction,  constitute  the  spinous  processes.  These 
are  filled  by  the  sacro-spinalis  muscle.  The  sides 
or  lateral  surfaces  present  the  foramina  resulting 
from  the  union  of  the  vertebral  notches,  (F.) 
Echancrures  vertebrales.  These  are  called  verte- 
bral foramina,  (F.)  Trous  de  conjugaison,  and 
give  passage  to  the  vertebral  nerves.  The  base 
of  the  vertebral  column  is  oblique,  to  unite  with 
the  sacrum ;  and  forms  with  it  an  angle,  called 
sacro-vertebral  angle  or  promontory.  The  apex 
or  top  of  the  vertebral  column  is  articulated  with 
the  occipital  bone.  Sometimes,  the  term  verte- 
bral column  includes  the  whole  of  the  column 
from  the  occipital  bone  to  the  extremity  of  the 
coccyx.  The  Vertebral  or  Spinal  Canal,  lia- 
chid'ian  Canal,  Solen,  Cana'lis  medulla  Spina'- 
lis, Sjiecus  pro  medidl'a  Spina'U  seu  vertebra'li-^, 
exists  through  the  whole  of  the  vertebral  column, 
whose  curvatures  it  follows.  It  is  continuous, 
above,  with  the  cranium ;  below,  with  the  sacral 
canal,  if  we  consider  the  vertebrse  to  terminate 
at  the  sacrum.  It  is  lined  by  a  prolongation  of 
the  meninges,  forming  the  Theca  vertebra'lis, 
and  lodges  the  spinal  marrow. 

The  vertebral  column,  which  unites  lightness 
with  solidity,  serves  to  support  the  head  and 
chest.  It  is  the  seat  of  all  the  movements  of  the 
trunk,  the  weight  of  which  it  transmits  to  the 
pelvis.  It  lodges  and  protects  the  spinal  marrow, 
and  gives  passage  to  the  vertebral  nerves,  and  to 
numerous  vessels. 

Vertebral  Disease,  Pachial'gia  (of  some,) 
Caries  of  the  Ver'tebrcB,  Spondylarthroc'  ace,  Spon- 
dyloc'ace,  ITypho'sis  injlammato'ria,  K.  para- 
lyt'ica,  Gibbos'itas  cario'sa,  Ca'ries  vertebra'- 
riim,  Spondylal'gia,  Spondylo^jyo'siSfTubercvlo'sia 
Vertebra'rum.  The  spinal  column  is  liable  to 
distortion,  (see  Hump,)  at  times,  without  the  ver- 
tebrae being  much,  if  at  all,  diseased.  At  other 
times,  a  more  formidable  affection  is  induced ;  the 
vertebraa  becoming  carious,  and  the  interverte- 
bral cartilages  ulcerated ;  followed  by  a  more  or 
less  complete  loss  of  power  over  the  lower  extre- 
mities. In  such  case,  on  examining  the  spine, 
one  or  more  of  the  spinous  processes  is  found  to 
project  beyond  the  rest.  The  disease  was  first 
well  described  by  Mr.  Percival  Pott;  and,  hence, 
it  has  been  called,  by  the  French,  Ilaladte  de 
Pott,  {3Ialum  Pot'tii,  Gibbus  Pot'tii,  or  Pott'a 
disease.)  It  usually  occurs  in  scrofulous  sub- 
jects, and  the  treatment  consists  in  establishing 
a  counter-irritation  by  blisters,  issues,  or  the 
moxa,  opposite  the  transverse  processes  of  the 
diseased  vertebrae.  The  sore  must  be  suffered  to 
remain  open  and  the  patient  kept  in  the  horizon- 
tal posture  until  the  use  of  the  limbs  is  recovered  ; 
employing  tonics,  the  free  admission  of  fresh  air, 
&c.,  at  the  same  time. 

Vertebral  Lig'aments,  (F.)  Lignmentu  ver- 
tebraux,  Surtouts  ligamenteux  de  la  colonna  ver- 


VERTEBRES 


903 


VESICULA 


iShrale,  are  distinguished  into  anterior  and  pos- 
terior. They  consist  of  long,  ligamentous  cover- 
ings ;  the  anterior  occupying  the  anterior  part 
of  the  vertebral  column  ;  and  the  posterior  seem- 
ing to  arise  from  the  occipito-axoid  ligament,  and 
seated  behind  the  bodies  of  the  vertebrae,  from 
the  axis  to  the  sacrum. 

Vertebral  Nerve,  Trisplanchinc. 
Vertebral  Nerves,  Spinal  Nerves,  spring 
successively  from  the  spinal  marrow ;  from  its 
origin  to  its  termination.  These  nerves — 30  pairs 
in  all — arise  by  two  roots;  one  anterior,  from  the 
(interior  or  an'tero-lat'eral  column  of  the  spinal 
marrow,  and  the  ofhQT  posterior,  from  the  p>oste- 
riur  column,  and  afterwards  issue  by  the  verte- 
bral and  sacral  foramina.  Each  of  these  roots 
seems  to  have  a  distinct  function  ;  the  posterior 
being  destined  to  convey  sensation  to  parts;  the 
anterior,  motion.  On  the  posterior  root,  before 
its  junction  with  the  anterior,  there  is  a  ganglion. 
Of  the  30  pairs,  7  are  cervical  nerves,  12  dorsal, 
6  lumbar,  and  6  sacral.     See  Nerves. 

VERTEBRES,  Vertebra. 

VERTEBRODYMIA,  see  Somatodymia. 

VEllTEBRO-ILIAC  LIGAMENT,  Ileo-lum- 
bar  ligament. 

VERTEX,  Cor'ypTie,  Acrori'a,  Spon'dyhis. 
The  top  or  highest  part  of  the  head.  See  Sinciput. 

Vertex  Cordis,  Mucro  Cordis  —  v.  Cubiti, 
Olecranon — v.  Palpitans,  Fontanella. 

VERTIBITLUM,  Trepan. 

VERTICULA,  Articulation. 

VERTICULUM,  Articulation. 

VERTICULUS,  Articulation. 

YERTIGE,  Vertigo. 

VERTIG"INOUS,  Yertigino'sus,  (E.)  Vertigi- 
ncu-r.    Relating  or  pertaining  to  vertigo.    Giddy. 

VERTI'GO,  from  vertere,  'to  turn;'  Einos, 
lUn'gos,  Gid'diness,  Diz'ziness,  Einus  verti'go, 
Halhtcina'tio  vertigo,  Autal'gia  vertigo,  Circum- 
gyra'tio.  Swimming  of  the  head,  (F.)  Vertige, 
Etourdissement.  A  state  in  which  it  seems  that 
all  objects  are  turning  round;  or  that  the  indivi- 
dual himself  is  performing  a  movement  of  gyra- 
tion. Two  varieties  have  been  designated;  — 
simpile  vertigo,  where  the  objects  are  seen ;  and 
scotodynia,  in  which  the  sight  is  obscured,  and 
the  individual  often  falls.  Vertigo  is  dependent 
upon  the  condition  of  the  brain ;  and  often  an- 
nounces an  attack  of  apoplexy  or  epilepsy. 

Vertigo  Tenebricosa,  Scotodynia. 

VERUGAS  (S.),  from  verruca.  A  peculiar 
disease  affecting  certain  localities  of  Peru,  which 
manifests  itself  by  sore-throat,  pains  in  the  bones, 
and  other"  febrile  symptoms.  In  the  course  of  a 
few  days,  an  eruption  of  red  pimples  or  boils  ap- 
pears. These  sometimes  increase  in  magnitude 
till  they  become  nearly  as  large  as  an  egg, 
and  discharge  blood  copiously.  It  is  ascribed  to 
the  water  of  certain  springs  in  the  valleys,  and 
especially  in  that  of  Surea  :  called  Agna  de  Ve- 
ruga.  —  Tschudi. 

VERUMONTANUM,  Gallinaginis  caput. 

VERVAIN,  Verbena  officinalis. 

VERVEINE,  Verbena  officinalis. 

VESA'NIA,  Vesa'nics,  'madness.'  Derange- 
ment of  the  intellectual  and  moral  faculties,  with- 
out coma  or  fever.  Many  nosologists  have  used 
this  as  a  generic  term;  under  which  they  have 
included  the  diflFerent  species  of  mental  alienation, 
hypochondriasis,  somnambulism,  and  even  hydro- 
phobia.    See  Nosology. 

Vesania  Mania,  Mania. 

Vesani^e,  Insanity. 

VESICA  BILIARIA,  Gall-bladder— v.  Cordis, 
Bee  Pericardium — v.  Fellea,  Gall-bladder — v.  In- 
testinales,  Vcsicula  umbilicalis — v.  Prostatica,  see 


Ejaculatory  Ducts  —  v.  Saecata,  Stricture  of  the 
urinary  bladder  —  v.  Urinaria,  Urinary  bladder. 

Vesicae  Irritabimtas,  Cysterethismus  —  v. 
Unguinosse  tendinum,  Bursse  mucosas. 

VES'ICAL,  Vesica'lis,  from  vesica,  'the  blad- 
der.' That  which  belongs  or  relates  to  the  bladder. 

Vesical  Arteries  vary  in  number  and  origin. 
The  umbilical  artery  always  sends  off  two  or 
three  :  the  middle  hemorrhoidal,  internal  pudie, 
and  obturator  furnish  others,  which  ramify  and 
anastomose  in  the  parletes  of  the  bladder;  the 
hypogastric  furnishes  one  which  is  somewhat 
larger,  the  Vesico-prostatic  (Ch.),  and  proceeds 
to  the  has-fond  of  the  bladder,  sending  numerous 
ramifications  to  it  as  well  as  to  the  surrounding 
parts. 

Vesical  Ganglia,  see  Spermatic  Ganglion  — 
V.  Triangle,  see  Urinary  Bladder. 

Vesical  Veins,  much  more  numerous  than  the 
arteries,  open  into  the  hj-pogastric  plexus. 

Vesicant,  Blister,  Epispastic. 

VESICARIUM,  Ovarium. 

VESICA'TION,  Vesica'tio;  same  etymon,  (F.) 
Ve'sication.  The  action  of  a  vesicant.  The 
formation  of  blisters. 

YESICATOIRE,  mister  — v.  Ilagistral,  Ma^ 
gistral. 

VESICATORIUM,  Blister. 

VESICLE,  Vesicula— V.  Allantoid,  Allantois— 
V.  Blastodermic,  see  Molecule  —  v.  Cowpox,  see 
Vaccination. 

Vesicle  op  Development,  F.o/i7j;o?!(<!'oji.  A 
vesicle  or  cyst  concerned  in  histogeny. 

Vesicle  of  Evolution,  V.  of  Development  — 
V.  Germinal,  see  Molecule  —  v.  Purkinjean,  see 
Molecule — v.  Umbilical,  Vesicula  umbilicalis. 

Vesicles  of  de  Graap,  Folliculi  Graafiani. 

VES'ICO-VAG"INAL,  Yesi' co-vagina' lis.  Re- 
lating to  the  bladder  and  the  vagina;  as  vesico- 
vaginal Jistida. 

VESICULA,  Cy8tinx,Yes'icJe ;  diminutive  of 
vesica,  '  a  bladder.'     A  small  bladder  or  cj-st. 

Vesicula,  Yes'icle,  Ecphly'sis,  Cystinx,  in  pa- 
thology, means  a  small  orbicular  elevation  of  the 
cuticle  containing  lymph,  which  is  sometimes 
clear  and  colourless,  but  often  opake  and  whitish 
or  pearl-coloured.  It  is  succeeded,  either  by  a 
scurf,  or  by  a  laminated  scab. 

Vesicula  ^nigmatosa,  Vesicula  umbilicalis 
—  V.  Alba,  Vesicula  umbilicalis  —  v.  Bills,  Gall- 
bladder —  V.  Blastodermatica,  see  Molecule  —  v. 
Chyli,  Receptaculum  chyli — v.  Erythroidea,  Ery- 
throid  vesicle — v.  Fellis,  Gall-bladder — v.  Gan- 
grajnescens,  see  Anthrax  —  v.  Germinativa,  see 
Molecule — v.  Omphalo-mesenterica,  Vesicula  um- 
bilicalis— V.  Ovalis,  Vesicula  umbilicalis — v.  Pro- 
lifera,  see  Molecule  —  v.  Prostatica,  see  Ejacula- 
tory Ducts. 

Vesic'ulA  Umbilica'lis,  Umhil'ical  Yes'icle, 
Yesicula  alba  seu  o?n'phalo-7nesenter'ica  seu  cenig- 
mato'sa  seu  ova'lis,  Yesi'ca  intestinalis.  Intestinal 
Yesiele,  Yit'elline  Pottch.  A  small,  pyriforu., 
round,  or  spheroidal  sac,  which,  about  the  fif- 
teenth or  twentieth  day  after  fecundation,  is  of 
the  size  of  a  common  pea,  and  probably  acquires 
its  greatest  dimensions  in  the  course  of  the  third 
or  fourth  week.  After  the  seventh  week,  it  be- 
comes shrivelled  and  disappears  insensibly.  It 
seems  to  be  situate  between  the  chorion  and  am- 
nion, and  is  commonly  adherent  either  to  the 
outer  surface  of  the  amnion,  or  to  the  inner  sur- 
face of  the  chorion,  but  at  times  is  loose  between 
them.  The  vitelline  p)ed'icle,  which  attaches  the 
vesicle  to  the  embryo,  is  continuoiis  with  the  intes- 
tinal canal ;  and,  up  to  twenty  or  thirty  days  of 
embryonic  life,  is  hollow  ; — Ductus  om'phalo-me- 
senter'icus  seu  vitel'lo-intestina'lis  seu  vitc.lla'riut. 


VESICUL^ 


904 


VIABLE 


vitelline  Duct.  Its  arteries  are  the  ompbalo-me- 
senteric.  The  nitelline  fluid,  contained  in  the 
vesicle,  has  been  compared,  from  analogy,  to  the 
vitelltis  or  yolk  of  birds  ;  and,  like  it,  is  an  olea- 
ginous substance,  and  presumed  to  be  inservient 
to  the  nutrition  of  the  embryo. 

VESICUL^  constitute  the  6th  order  of  Bate- 
man's  classification  of  Cutaneous  Diseases. 

Vesicol^,  see  Villous  membranes  —  v.  Dirae 
Barbaras,  Variola  confluens  —  v.  Gingivarnm, 
Aphthfe — V.  Pulmonales,  see  Cellule — v.  Rotundas 
cervieis  uteri,  Nahothi  glandulse  —  v.  Sanguinis, 
Globules  of  the  blood  —  v.  Seminales  mulierum, 
JS'abothi  glandulas — v.  Spermaticse,  Vesiculffi  se- 
minales. 

VesiCUL^  Sejiina'les,  F.  Semina'ria  seu  sper- 
mat'iccs,  Cap'sulcB  semina'les,  Conceptac'nla  semi- 
nuria,  Gonecys' tides,  (F.)  Vesicules  seminales, 
Gardouclies,  Greniers,  are  two  small  membranous 
sacs,  which  serve  as  reservoirs  for  the  sperm,  and 
probably  secrete  a  fluid  to  be  mixed  with  the 
sperm.  They  are  situate  beneath  the  bladder, 
and  above  the  rectum,  behind  the  prostate  and  to 
the  outer  side  of  the  vasa  deferentia.  They  are 
of  an  irregular  conoidal  shape ;  flattened  from 
above  to  below;  embossed  on  their  surface,  and 
of  a  grayish  tint.  Their  posterior  extremity  or 
fundus  terminates  by  a  round  cul-de-sac.  Their 
anterior  extremity  or  neck  is  narrow  and  elon- 
gated, and  is  continuous  with  the  excretory  duct 
of  the  vesicula.  This  duct  joins  the  vas  deferens, 
and  forms  with  it  the  ejaeulatory  duct.  The  in- 
terior of  the  vesiculee  exhibits  several  cells,  which 
communicate  with  each  other,  and  are  lined  by  a 
very  thin,  mucous  membrane. 

VESICULAR,  Vesicula'ris.  Of  or  belonging 
to  a  vesicle  : — full  of  or  containing  small  vesicles 
or  cells.  The  cortical  or  gray  matter  of  the  brain 
is  sometimes  termed  vesicular.  See  Cortex  cere- 
bri and  Neurine. 

VESIGULE  BILIAIRE,  Gall-bladder— ■y.  du 
Fiel,  Gall-Bladder — v.  Germinative,  see  Molecule 
— V.  Ooulifere,  see  Folliculi  Graafiani. 

VESIGULES  BE  GRAEF,  Folliculi  Graafiani 
— V.  de  Sainfe  Barhe,  Variola  confluens — v.  Semi- 
nales, Vesiculee  seminales. 

VESPA,  Wasp. 

VESSEL,  Vas,  Vasum,  diminutive  Vascidum, 
Angei'on,  Angos,  Conceptac'ulum,  from  (L.)  vas, 
vasculum,  (F.)  Vaisseatu  A  canal,  more  or  less 
elastic,  formed  by  the  superposition  of  membranes, 
and  distinguished,  according  to  its  uses  and  gene- 
ral arrangement,  into  Artery,  Vein,  and  Lympha- 
tic.    See,  also,  Vascular. 

VESSELOUP,  Lycoperdon. 

VESSIE,  Urinary  bladder — v.  ct,  Culonnes,  see 
Urinary  bladder  —  v.  Col  de  la,  Collum  vesicae. 

VESSIE  NATATOIRE,  Air-bladder. 

VESTIBULAR  NERVE,  see  Auditory  Nerve. 

VES'TIBULE,  Vestib'ulum,  from  vestio,  'to 
cover.'     The  porch  or  entrance  to  a  house. 

Vestibule,  Vestib'ulum,  V.  Vagi'nce,  Prona'us, 
Atritim  Vagi'ncR,  Amh'itus  genita'lis  midie'bris, 
is  a  smooth  cavity  between  the  perinteum  and 
nymphse  in  the  female,  which  leads  to  two  pas- 
sages—  to  the  urethra  above,  and  to  the  vagina 
below. 

Ves'tibulb  op  the  Ear,  Vestih'idum,  V.  laby- 
rin'thi,  (F.)  Vestibule.  A  cavity  of  an  irregular 
shape,  which  forms  part  of  the  labyrinth  or  in- 
ternal ear.  The  vestibule  is  situate  on  the  inner 
side  of  the  tympanum ;  on  the  outer  side  of  the 
meatus  auditorius  iuternus ;  before  the  semicircu- 
lar canals,  and  behind  the  cochlea.  It  is  lined 
by  a  particula*-  membrane,  and  contains  the  liquor 
of  Cotunbius  and  branches  of  the  auditory  nerve. 
There  is  also  another  membrane,  constituting  the 


mem'branous  vestibule,  but  it  is  not  an  exact  imi- 
tation of  the  osseous  cavity.  It  is  composed  of 
two  distinct  sacs,  which  open  into  each  other — • 
the  sac'cidua  vestib'uli,  and  the  sacculus.  There 
are  three  contiguous  cavities  in  the  vestibule;  ona 
of  which,  the  semi-oval,  is  situate  above  ;  another, 
the  hemispherical,  below ;  and  the  third,  or  sulci- 
form,  which  is  the  orifice  of  the  aquaeductus  ves- 
tibuli,  behind. 

VESTIBULUM  LABYRINTHI,  Vestibule  of 
the  ear — v.  Vaginse,  Vestibule. 

VESTIGE  (F.),  Vestig"ium,  'a  vestige,'  'a 
trace.'  A  kind  of  fracture  of  flat  bones,  consist- 
ing of  a  simple  incision  having  the  mark  of  the 
instrument  that  caused  it.  The  term  is  also  ap- 
plied to  a  part  of  the  body,  which  may  have  no 
evident  use  in  man,  and  yet  may  be  greatly  em- 
ployed in  animals.  For  example,  the  muscles  of 
the  external  ear  in  man  are  almost  devoid  of  use, 
or  are  vestiges  of  what  they  are  in  certain  animals. 

VESTIGIUM,  Sole,  Vestige  — y.  Foraminis 
ovalis,  Ovalis  fossa — v.  Pedis,  Metatarsus. 

VESTI'TUS,  Esthe'ma,  Esthe'sis,  Clothing,  Rea 
vestia'ria,  Eress,  Vesture,  (F.)  Vetement,  from 
vestire,  vestitum,  'to  clothe.'  Any  substance  used 
for  the  purpose  of  covering  nakedness,  or  pre- 
serving from  atmospheric  temperature  by  being 
worn  on  the  body.  The  best  clothing  in  winter 
is  composed  of  articles  that  are  bad  conductors 
of  caloric,  and  do  not  admit  of  ready  evaporation 
of  the  matter  of  perspiration.  In  this  respect, 
woollen  vestments  deserve  the  first  place,  and 
cotton  the  second.  Colour  has  likewise  to  be  re- 
garded—  the  darkest  hues  transmitting  the  heat 
most  readily  through  them.  It  has  been  found  that 
the  same  rule  applies  to  odours — the  darker  co- 
lours retaining  a  greater  amount  of  odorous  par- 
ticles than  the  lighter.  Hence  the  necessity  of 
white  walls,  white  bed-clothes,  &c.,  in  the  wards 
of  hospitals ;  for  it  is  probable  that  the  like  law 
applies  to  contagious  miasms. 

VESTURE,  Vestitus. 

VETA,  Puna. 

VETEMENT,  Vestitus. 

VETERANA,  Rubeola. 

VETERINARIUS,  see  Hippiater  and  Veteri- 
narv. 

VET'ERINARY,  Veterina'rins,  (F.)  Veteri- 
naire,froTn  veterinus,  'that  which  bears  burdens;' 
itself  from  vetere,  '  to  carry.'  That  which  apper- 
tains to  beasts  of  burden  :  hence,  veterinary  sur- 
geon, (see  Farrier,)  veterinary  collecje,  and  veteri- 
nary medicine. 

Veterinary  Anatomy,  see  Anatomy. 

Veterinary  Art,  Ars  seu  Mediei'na  veterina'- 
ria,  Zooi'asis,  Zoiatri'a,  Theriat'rica,  Mulomedi- 
ci'na,  Zobtherain' a ,  Zootherapeu' tice,  Ars  zoiut'- 
rica,  Far'riery.  The  art  of  treating  the  diseases, 
<tc.,  of  cattle. 

VETERNOSITAS,  Coma  vigil. 

VETERNUS,  Coma  vigil. 

VETONICA  CORDI,  Betonica  officinalis. 

VETULA,  Sacrum. 

VEXILLA  TUBARUM  FALLOPII,  see  Tube, 
Fallopian. 

VEXILLUM,  Dra2)eau. 

VIA,  AVay  —  v.  Curandi,  Ratio  medendi  —  v. 
Stomachi  et  ventris,  Esophagus. 

VIABILITY,  see  Viable. 

VI'ABLE,  Vinb'ilis,  from  via,  'way;'  or  from 
(F.)  vie,  'life,'  (Orfila.)  A  word,  which  may  bo 
introduced  with  great  advantage  from  the  French 
into  our  language.  It  is  an  epithet  applied  to  a 
foetus  whose  organs  are  properly  formed,  and  so 
developed  as  to  permit  its  continued  existence. 
Every  foetus  is  not  viable.  Anencephali  have 
lived  ten  or  twelve  days,  yet  they  are  not  viable; 
a  part  or  the  whole  of  the  brain  being  wanting. 


VI^ 


905 


VILLOUS 


The  older  the  foetus,  the  more  viable  is  it.  It  is 
an  idle  prejudice  that  a  child,  born  at  the  end  of 
eight  months,  is  less  likely  to  live  than  one  born 
at  the  end  of  seven.  The  signs  of  viability  are 
drawn  from  the  weight,  length,  external  confor- 
mation, &c.,  of  the  foetus.  It  may  be  laid  down 
as  a  general  rule,  that  no  foetus  born  before  the 
end  of  the  seventh  month  is  viable. 

VI^  CHYLIFERiE,  Chyliferous  vessels. 

VijE  Clandes'tin^,  Clandestine  Passages. 
Supposititious  secret  ways  or  passages  or  'royal 
roads,'  to  account  for  the  rapid  transmission  of 
substances  taken  into  the  stomach  to  the  kidneys 
or  bladder. 

Vi^  ExTRAORDiNARi^  Lactis,  Galactoplania 
— V.  Lacrymales,  Lachrymal  passages  —  v.  Pri- 
mDe,  Ways,  digestive — v.  Secundfe,  Ways,  second. 

VIAL,  Phiala. 

VIBI'CES,  Mol'opes,  Stria,  (P.)  Vergetnres. 
Large  purple  spots,  like  the  marks  produced  by 
the  strokes  of  a  whip,  which  appear  under  the 
skin  in  certain  malignant  fevers.  They  are  un- 
favourable indications,  as  they  denote  great  pros- 
tration. 

VIBRAMEN,  Oscillation. 

VIBRANS,  Vibratory. 

VIBRATTLE,  Vibratory. 

VIBRATIL'ITY,  Vibratil'itas,  from  vihrare, 
'to  oscillate.'  Capability  of  being  thrown  into 
vibration. 

VIBRATIO,  Oscillation— V.  Cardiaca,  Palpita- 
tion— V.  Cordis,  Palpitation. 

VIBRATION,  PECTORAL,  see  Fremitus— v. 
Tactile,  see  Fremitus — v.  Tussive,  see  Tussive. 

VIBRATIONS  OF  SOUND,  see  Sound. 

VIBRATOR,  Deferens  vas. 

VI'BRATORY,  Vi'brative,  Vibrans,  (F.)  Vi- 
hratile,  from  vibrai-e,  'to  quiver.'  An  epithet 
applied  to  the  pain  that  accompanies  some  neu- 
ralgia}, which  seems  to  the  patient  to  vibrate 
among  the  nerves. 

Vibratory  Motion,  see  Cilia. 

VIBRATUS,  Oscillation. 

VIB'RIO  ;  from  vibrare, '  to  quiver.'  A  genus 
of  infusory  animalcules,  of  which  different  spe- 
cies are  met  with, — for  example,  Vib'rio  pro'lifer 
in  almost  all  putrescent  fluids  containing  protein, 
and  in  the  pus  of  chancres ;  in  which  last  the  F. 
lineola  has  likewise  been  found. 

VIBRIS'S^,  from  vibrare,  'to  quiver.'  The 
hairs  which  grow  at  the  entrance  of  the  nostrils 
and  of  other  outlets.  In  the  feline  tribe,  the 
whiskers. 

VIBURNUM  CASSINOIDES,  Ilex  Para- 
guensis. 

Vibur'num  DENTA'TUir,  Arroio  Wood,  Mealy 
Tree,  Tily  of  the  Indians.  A  high  indigenous 
shrub,  of  the  same  family  as  V.  lentago ;  the  bark 
of  which  has  been  used  by  the  Indians  as  a 
diuretic. 
I    Viburnum  L^vigatum,  Ilex  Paraguensis. 

Viburnum  Lenta'go,  Sioeet  Viburnum,  Nanny- 
berry.  A  handsome  indigenous  tree,  of  the  ho- 
neysuckle family —  CaprifoliaeeEE — which  flowers 
in  May  and  June.  It  has  been  used  as  an  anti- 
periodic. 

Vibur'num  Prunifo'lium,  Blade  Haw,  Sloe- 
leaved  Viburnum.  Indigenous :  flowering  in 
May.     The  leaves  have  been  used  as  tea. 

ViBURNuir,  Slow-leaved,  V.  prunifolium — v. 
Sweet,  V.  lentago. 

VIC-LE-COMPTE,  MINERAL  WATERS 
OF.  Vic-le-Compte  is  a  small  village  in  the  de- 
partment of  Puy  de  D6me,  three  leagues  from 
Issoire;  where  there  is  an  acidulous  chalybeate, 
■which  is  aperient. 

VICA'RIOUS,  Vica'rius,  from  viej's,  '  change, 
place.'    Taking  the  place  of  another: — as  'vica- 


riou:  secretion,'  Secre'tio  viea'ria ;  a  secretion 
which  takes  place  in  one  part  instead  of  another. 

VICAR'S  BRAY,  MINERAL  AVATERS  OF. 
This  spring  is  situate  in  Perthshire,  Scotland, 
about  two  miles  from  Dollor,  and  near  to  Blarn- 
gone.  The  water  is  one  of  the  strongest  chaly- 
beates  known. 

VICE,  Cachosis. 

VICHY,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Carbo- 
nated alkaline  ehalybeates,  the  sources  of  which 
are  at  Vichy,  six  leagues  from  Moulins,  in  the 
department  of  AUier.  The  springs  are  seven  in 
number.  Almost  all  are  thermal ;  give  off  bub- 
bles of  carbonic  acid  gas,  and  have  a  slightly  sul- 
phureous odour.  They  deposite  carbonates  of 
lime  and  magnesia,  and  a  little  oxide  of  iron; 
and  afford,  on  analysis,  carbonates  of  lime,  soda, 
iron,  and  magnesia,  carbonic  acid,  sulphate  of 
soda,  and  chloride  of  sodium.  They  are  em- 
ployed as  tonics,  particularly  in  chronic  affections 
of  the  abdominal  viscera,  in  old  catarrhs,  diseases 
of  the  joints,  &e. 

Vichy  Water,  Factit"ious,  Aqua  Vicien'sis, 
(F.)  Eau  de  Vichy,  is  made  of  simple  acidulous 
water,  impregnated  with  twice  its  bulk  of  carbo- 
nic acid,  ^^xxss;  subcarbonate  of  soda,  gr.  xxxij; 
suljjhate  of  soda,  gr.  xyj  ;  chloride  of  sodium,  gr. 
iv;  subcarbonate  of  magnesia,  gr.  ss  ;  chloride  of 
iron,  gr.  i.     Mix.     Ph.  P.) 

VICIA  ERVILIA,  Ervum. 

Vic"iA  Faba,  Faba,  F.  major  sen  vulgaris, 
Or'obus  faba.  The  Common  Garden  Bean,  (F.) 
Feve  on  f  eve  des  marais.  Family,  Leguminos£e. 
Sex.  Sysf.  Diadelphia  Decandria.  A  native  of 
Egypt,  of  which  there  are  many  varieties.  Beans 
are  not  easy  of  digestion.  They  are  proverbially 
flatulent,  especially  when  old.  When  young, 
they  are  more  digestible  and  wholesome.  Bean 
meal  was  one  of  the  four  resolvent  meals  of  the 
ancients. 

VICINITRACTUS,  Erysipelas. 

VICINITRAHA,  Erysipelas. 

VICTORIALIS  FEMINEA,  Gladiolus  vulga- 
ris —  V.  Longa,  Allium  victoriale  —  v.  Rotunda, 
Gladiolus  vulgaris. 

VICTliS  RATIO,  Diet, 

VIDANGES,  Lochia. 

VIDIAN  CANAL,  Pterygoid  canal. 

VIE,  Life  —  V.  Buree  de  la,  see  Longevity — v, 
Mogenne,  see  Longevity. 

VIEILLESSE,  Senectus.  • 

VIERGE,  Virgin. 

VI F  ARGENT,  Hydrargyrum. 

VIGILANCE,  Insomnia. 

VIGILANTIA,  Egregorsis. 

VIGILATIO,  Egregorsis. 

VIGILIA,  Egregorsis. 

VIGILI^,  Egregorsis — v.  Nimiae,  Coma  vigiL 

VIGILIUM,  Egregorsis. 

VIGNE,  Yiiis  vinifera  —  v.  Blanche,  Bryonia 
alba — V.  du  Nord,  Humulus  lupulus  —  v,  Vierge, 
Bryonia  alba. 

VIGOR,  Acme. 

VILLA  FRANCA,  (CLIMATE  OF.)  This 
little  town  is  situate  immediately  to  the  eastward 
of  Montalbano,  which  separates  the  bay  of  Villa 
Franca  from  that  of  Nice.  It  is  on  the  southern 
declivity  of  a  steep  and  lofty  range  of  mountains ; 
and  is  more  efi"ectually  sheltered  from  the  north 
and  north-west  winds  than  Nice,  with  the  climate 
of  which  that  of  Villa  Franca  closely  corresponds, 

VILLI,  see  Villous  membranes. 

VILLOUS,  Villo'sus,  from  villus,    a  hair.' 

Villous  Membranes  or  Coats,  Velamen'ta 
Bonibyc"ina,  (F.)  Membranes  villeuses,  Membranes 
veloutes,  are  such  as  are  covered  with  soft  paiMlla9 
or  Villi,  Flocci,  Floc'culi,  Vesic'idm,-  Cylin'dri, 
Tubi  Membrana'cei,  constituted  of  blood- ^'essels. 


VIN 


906 


VINUM 


nerves,  and  al-sortents ;  or  such  as  are  covered 
v/ith  fine  down,  so  as  to  cause  tbem  to  feel  soft 
and  velvety.  The  term  is,  however,  chiefly  re- 
stricted to  the  former.  Chaussier  gives  the  name 
simple  villous  membranes  to  the  serous  mem- 
branes ;  and  that  of  com2}licated  or  follicular  vil- 
lous membranes  to  the  mucous  membranes.  On 
these  membranes  there  are  bodies  endowed  with 
ciliary  motion. 

VIN,  Wine — v.  de  Bordeaux,  Claret  —  v.  de 
Poulet,  see  Poiilet — v.  de  Qinnquina  compose,  Vi- 
num  de  kin  a  kina  compositum — v.  Sec,  Sack. 

VINAIGRE,  Acetum,  see  Aceticum  acidum — 
V.  Scillitique,  Acetum  scillsE  —  v.  de  Bois,  Pyro- 
ligneous  acid.  _, 

VINAIGRES  MEDICINAUX,  Acetica. 

VINCA  MINOR,  Vinca  pervin'ca,  Clem'atis 
daphnoi'des  major,  Lesser  periicinlde,  (F.)  Per- 
cenche,  Violette  des  Sorciers.  It  has  bitter  and 
astringent  properties,  and  has  been  used  in  gar- 
gles and  diseases  of  the  chest. 

VINCETOXICUM,  Asclepias  vincetoxicum. 

VINCTURA,  Fascia, 

VINCULA,  Fascia, 

VINCULUM,  Bandage,  Lien  —  v.  Caninum, 
Frasnum  penis — v.  Linguee,  Frsenum  lingua; — v. 
Prasputii,  Frsenum  penis — v.  Umbilicale,  Funicu- 
lus umbilicalis. 

VINE,  Vitis  vinifera — v.  Grape,  Vitis  vinifera 
■ — V.  Poison,  Rhus  radieans — v.  Wild,  Pareira. 

VINEGAR,  AROMATIC  SPIRIT  OF,  see 
Aceticum  acidum  —  v.  of  Cantharides,  Acetum 
cantharidis — v.  Common,  Acetum  —  v.  Distilled, 
see  Aceticum  acidum — v.  Marseilles,  Acetum  aro- 
maticum — v.  of  Meadow  saifron,  Acetum  colchiei 
— V.  of  Opium,  Guttag  nigrae — v.  Radical,  Aceti- 
cum acidum  —  v.  of  Squills,  Acetum  scillfe — v. 
:f  the  Four  Thieves,  Acetum  aromaticum  —  v. 
Thieve"',  Acetum  aromaticum  —  v.  '\^hey,  see 
Acetum — v.  of  Wood,  see  Aceticum  acidum. 

VINETTIER,  Oxyeantha  Galeni. 

VINEUX,  Vinous. 

VINOLENTA,  see  Temulentia. 

VINOLENTIA,  Temulentia. 

VINOSUS,  Vinous. 

VINOUS,  Vino'sus,  (Eno'des,  (Eno'i'dea.  Re- 
lating to  wine.  Having  the  character  of,  or  re- 
sembling, wine.     Made  of  wine. 

VINUM,  AVine,  Sherry  wine,  (Ph.  U.  S.  1842,) 
see  Wine. 

ViNUM  Aesinthi'tes,  Tl^Vne  o/  Wormwood.  (Fol. 
absinth,  exsic,  absinth.  Politic,  aa  Jvj,  vini  albi 
Oiv.  Macerate  for  24  hours,  and  strain.  Ph.  P.) 
Stimulant,  tonic,  febrifuge,  vermifuge. 

ViNUM  Adustdm,  Brandy  —  v.  Album,  Sherry 
wine,  (Ph.U.  S.  1851,)  see  Wine — v.  Album  Hispa- 
nicum,  see  Wine — v.  Album  Montanum,  see  Wine. 

ViNUM  Al'oes,  V.  aloes  Soeotori'ncB,  Vinum 
aloet'icum,  V.  aro'mo-aloeticum,  Wine  of  Aloes, 
Tinctu'ra  hi'era,  Tinctura  sacra.  (Aloes  in  pulv. 
5j,  cardam.  cont.,  Zingih.  cont.,  aa  ^j ;  vini  alb. 
Oj.  Macerate  for  14  days,  and  filter.  Ph.  L.) 
Purgative  and  stomachic,  according  to  the  dose. 
Dose,  f^j  to  f^ij. 

ViNUJi  AMARU^f,  V.  Gentianae  comp. — v.  Ama- 
rum  scilliticum,  &c.,  V.  diureticum  amarum — v. 
Amarum  cum  spiritii  vini,  V.  gentianaj  composi- 
tum—  V.  Autimoniale,  V.  antimonii  tartarizati — 
V.  Antimoniatum  Huxhami,  V.  antimonii  tartari- 
zati— V.  Antimonii  potassio-tartratis,  V.  antimonii 
tdrtarizatl. 

Vinum  Antimonii,  F.  antimo'nii  tartariza'ti,  V. 
lart'ratis  antimonii,  V.  antimo'nii  potas'aio-tar- 
tratis,  Liquor  tar'tari  emet'iei,  Solution  of  tnr'- 
tarized  antimony,  Esaen'tia  antimonii  seu  stib'ii, 
Antirnonial  wine,  Vinum  benedie'tum,  Vinu/n  un- 
timonia'tum  Huxha'mi,  V.  antimoniale,  Aqua  be- 
nedio'ta  Rulan'di,    Vinum,   emet'icum.     [Ant.  et 


Potass,  tart.  5j>  *"""  «^6*  f^^-  Dissolve  the  tar- 
tarized  antimony  in  the  wine.  Ph.  U.  S.)  Each 
fluidounce  contains  two  grains  of  the  tartrate. 

The  ordinary  Antimonial  wine  is  made  with 
glass  of  antimony  ^j,  sherry  Oiss. 

Ward's  Red  l)rop  consists  of  a  strong  vinous 
solution  of  tartarized  antimony. 

Vinum  ANTiscoRBu'TiCTur,  Antiseorbu'tic  wine. 
(Rad,  armoracia  recent,  ^j,  fol.  cochlearim  re- 
cent., nasturtii  aquat.,  trifol.  aquatic,  semin.  sinap., 
aa  §ss,  ammonicB  muriat.  !^ij,  vin.  albi  Oij.  Ma- 
cerate for  36  hours  ;  filter,  and  add  tinctura  coch- 
lear, ^ss.  Ph.  P.)  Stimulant  and  tonic.  Dose, 
fgss  to  f^ij. 

Vinum  Aromat'icum,  Aromatic  wine.  {Species 
aromatic  §iv,  vin.  rubr.  Oij.  Macerate  for  6  daj'S 
and  filter.  Ph.  P.)  Stimulant  and  tonic.  Used, 
externally,  in  fomentations,  embrocations,  &c. 

Vinum  Aromo-aloeticum,  V.  aloes  —  v.  Bene- 
dictum,  V.  antimonii  tartarizati. 

Vinum  Campa'num,  F.  Campana'cevm.  Cham- 
pagne wine.  A  well-known  sparkling  wine  of 
France. 

Vinum  Canarinum,  see  Wine — v.  Chalybeatum, 
V.  ferri  —  v.  Cinchonte  compositum,  V.  de  kiuii 
kinS,  comp. 

Vinum  Col'chici,  Wine  of  Oolchicum,  F.  Col- 
chiei Radi'cis,  Want's  Eau  d'Husson.  {Golvhic. 
rad.  bene  contus.  ibj,  vini  alb.  Oij.  Macerate  for 
14  days,  with  occasional  agitation,  and  then  ex- 
press strongly,  and  filter.  Ph.  U.  S.)  It  may 
also  be  prepared  by  displacement.  Diuretic,  se- 
dative, and  purgative.  Chiefly  used  in  gout. 
Dose,  gtt.  40  to  f^j. 

Reynold's  Specific  for  gout  and  rheumatism 
consisted  of  the  fresh  bulb  of  Cclckicim  ^viij. 
Sherry  wine,  f5xvj.  The  colchicum  was  mace- 
rated for  eight  or  ten  days  in  the  wine,  at  a  gentle 
heat;  coloured  with  syrup  of  jxippies  and  fla- 
voured with  rion.  Reynolds  is  said  to  have 
killed  himself  by  taking  an  over-dose  of  it. 

Vinum  Colchici  Radicis,  V.  colchiei. 

Vinum  Colchici  Sem'inis,  Wine  of  Colchicum 
seed.  (Colchic.  sem.  cont.  "^vi ;  vini  alb.  Oij. 
Macerate  for  14  days,  with  occasional  agitation, 
then  express  and  filter.    Ph.  U.  S.)    Dose,  f  3j  to 

Vinum  Cbematum,  Brandy. 

Vinum  Diuret'icum  Ama'rum,  Vinum  amarum 
scillit'icum  compos' itum  in  Charita'tls  Noaocomi'o 
usurpa'tum,  Bitter  diurct'ic  loine.  ( Cort.  cinchon., 
Winteran.,  Union.,  a.^^\i,rhus  toxicodendr.,  acillce, 
cacumin.  angeliccB,  aa  ^ss,  fol.  absinth.,  meliascB, 
aa  ,^j,  baccar.  junip.,  mctcis,  aa  ^ss,  vin.  alb. 
Oviij.  Macerate  and  filter.  Ph.  P.)^  Stimulant, 
tonic,  and  diuretic.     Dose,  f^ss  to  f.^iss. 

Vinum  Emeticum,  V.  antimonii  tartarizati. 

Vinum  ER'coTiE,  Wine  of  Ergot.  {ErgotcB, 
cont.,  5ij;  vini  alb.  Oj.  Macerate  for  14  days, 
with  occasional  agitation;  then  express,  and  filter. 
Ph.  U.  S.)  Dose,  ITLxx  to  f,^j  to  produce  the 
peculiar  effects  of  ergot. 

Vinum  Ferratum,  V.  Ferri. 

Vinum  Ferri,  F.  chalybea' turn,  Steel  wine, 
Wine  of  Iron,  Vinum  ferra'tum,  V.  Ilartia'tum, 
V.  ilartia,  Tinctura  Martia  vino'sa,  Tinctura 
Martia  cum  vino.  (Iron,  3J»  supier-tartrate  of 
Potass,  in  powder,  ^vj,  distilled  water,  Oij  or  q.  s., 
proof  spirit,  f^xx.  Rub  the  iron  and  super- 
tartrate  of  potass  together,  and  expose  them  to 
the  air  in  a  flat  vessel,  moistened  with  a  fluidounce 
of  water,  for  a  fortnight;  agitating  every  day 
with  a  spatula,  and  sprinkling  them  with  water, 
to  keep  them  moist.  Then  dry  with  a  gentle 
heat,  and  mix  with  ,^xxx  ot  distilled  water.  Fil- 
ter the  fluid  and  add  the  spirit.  Ph.  L.)  Tonio. 
Dose,  f5J  to  f3''^' 

It  is  somttimes  made  by  adding  two  pints  of 


VINUM 


907 


VIRGINITY 


wine  to  two  ounces  of  iron  filings ;  macerating  and 
filtering. 

YiNUJi  Gentia'nje  CoMPOs'iTUjr,  V.  Ama'nim, 
Compound  wine  of  gentian,  Infu'sum  ema'rnm 
vino'sum,  Vimi.m  amarum  cum  spiritO,  vini,  Wine 
hitters.  [Had.  gentian.  lutecB  .^ss,  cort.  cinchon. 
Ojffic.  ^i.  cort.  aurant.  gij,  canellcB  alb.  ^j,  alcohol, 
dilut.  f^iv,  vini  alb.  Hispanic.  Oijss.  Ph.  E.) 
Dose,  fgj  to  fgvj. 

YixuM  HiPPOCRATicuM,  Claret — v.  Hispanicum, 
Vinum,  see  Wine — v.  Hordeaceum,  Cerevisia— v. 
Hydatodes,  see  Hydatoid. 

ViNUJi  Ipecacuan'h^,  Ipecacuan'ha  wine. 
(Tpecacuan.  cont.  ^ij,  vini  alb.  Oij.)  Macerate 
for  14  days,  express,  and  filter.  Emetic  and  dia- 
plioretic.     Dose,  as  an  emetic,  f  ^i^  to  f^x- 

YiNUMDE  KiNA  KiNA  CoMPos'iTusr,  V.  cinclio'- 
VCB  compositum,  Comp>ound  bark  icine,  (F.)  Vin  de 
qttiiiqnina  compose.  (Cort.  cinchon.  pulv.  Ibss, 
gjiassice,  cort.  Winteran.,  cort.  aurant.  sice,  aa 
5SS,  alcohol.  (12°  to  22°  Beaume)  Oj.  Macerate 
for  24  hours;  and  add  vini  albi  Ovj.  Macerate 
for  four  days,  and  filter.  Ph.  P.)  Tonic,  febri- 
fuge, and  stomachic.     Dose,  f,f  ss  to  f^ij. 

Vinum  Maktiatum,  V.  ferri  —  v.  Martis,  V. 
f-jrri  —  V.  Medicatum,  see  Claret. 

Vinum  Medicina'le,  Iledicated  Wine.  Wine, 
holding  in  solution  one  or  more  medicines.  Me- 
dicinal wines  are  obtained  by  macerating  or  di- 
gesting medicinal  substances  in  wine.  They 
differ,  of  course,  according  to  the  nature  of  the 
medicine  employed,  the  strength  of  the  wine,  &c. 
In  a  late  Pharmacopoeia  of  the  London  College, 
all  the  wines  were  changed  into  weak  tinctures ; 
but  the  old  names  were  left  unaltered.  Sherry  is 
the  wine  usually  employed.  The  following  are 
medicated  wines. 

Vinum  MsRuir,  Aeratum — t.  Nicotianse  tabaci, 
V.  tabaci  —  r.  Opiatum  fermentatione  paratum, 
Laudanum  abbatis  Rousseau. 

ViNUJt  O'PII,  Wine  of  Opium,  Vinum  de  opio 
com]3os 'itxim,  Land'anum  liq'uidum  Sydenha'mi, 
Laudanum,  liquidum  Hoffman'ni,  Tinctu'ra  The- 
ha'ica,  Ford's  laudanum.  (Opii  in  pulv.  gij; 
cinnam.  cont.,  caryophyll.  cont.  aa  ^j  ;  vini  albi 
Oj.  Macerate  for  14  days ;  express  and  filter. — 
Ph.  U.  S.)  Narcotic.     Dose,  gtt.  xv  to  f^j. 

Vinum  de  Opio  Compositum,  V.  opii — v.  Pica- 
turn,  Pissites. 

Vinum  Portugal 'licum,  V.  rulrum,  (Ph.  U.  S. 
1851.)  Wine  of  Portugal  or  of  Oporto.  Port 
■wine.  A  strong  astringent  wine,  not  much 
drunk  in  the  United  States;  but  greatly  used 
in  England. 

Vinum  Qui'nijs,  Wine  of  Quinia,  (  Wine  Ibij, 
sulphate  of  quinia  gr.  x.  Mix.)  Dose,  f^iss  or 
more ;  according  as  it  is  used  as  a  stomachic,  or 
to  arrest  ague.  A  Vinum  Cincho'nice  may  be 
made  in  the  same  way. 

Vinum  Rhei,  V.  B.  palma'ti,  Rhubarb  Wine, 
Tinctura Rhahar'bari  Vino'sa,  Vimim Rhaharbari, 
Elixir  Rhei  dulce,  E.  R.  Compos'itum.  (Rhei 
cont.  §ij,  canellcB  cont.  ^j,  alcohol,  dilut.  f  ,^ij, 
vini  albi,  Oj.  Macerate  for  14  days;  express  and 
filter.  —  Ph.  U.  S.)  Laxative  and  stimulant. 
Dose,  f^iv  to  f^iss. 

Vinum  P^hei  Palmati,  V.  Rhei — ^v.  Rhenanum, 
see  AVine — v.  Rhaharbari,  V.  rhei  palmati  —  v. 
Rubrum,  V.  Portugallicum  —  v.  Rubrum  Portu- 
gallicum,  see  Wine. 

Vinum  Tab'aci,  Vinum  Nicotia'nm  Tabaci,  To- 
hac'eo  Wine.  (Tabao.  incis.  §j,  vini  albi,  Oj. 
Macerate  for  14  days ;  express  and  strain.  Ph. 
U.  S.)  Narcotic,  diuretic,  and  antispasmodic. 
In  dropsical  cases,  colica  pictonum,  and  ileus. 
Not  used.     Dose,  gtt.  xx  to  xxxvj. 

Vinum  Vera'tri,  V.  V.  albi,  Wine  of  White 
Hel'lebore,     [Veratri  cont,  ^iv;   Vini  albi,   Oj. 


Macerate  for  14  days,  express  and  filter. — Ph.  U. 
S.)  In  cutaneous  affections,  and  in  gout.  Dose^ 
ten  minims. 

Vinum  Veratri  Albi,  V.  Veratri. 

VIOL,  Stuprum. 

VI'OLA,  Viola  odora'ta  seu  mar'fia,  Ion,  Ifa- 
trona'lis,  Viola'ria,  the  Sweet  Violet,  (F.)  Violette 
a  bouquets,  V.  odorante.  The  flowers  of  the  sweet 
violet  have  a  pleasant,  peculiar  odour,  and  scarcely 
any  taste.     They  are  slightly  laxative. 

Viola  Cani'na,  V.  sijlaea'tris.  The  Pog  Violet. 
The  root  of  this  plant  ia  emetic  and  cathartic 
Dose,  9j. 

Viola  Ipecacuanha,  see  Ipecacuanha  —  v. 
Lutea,  Cheiranthus  cheiri — v.  Martia,  Viola — v. 
Odorata,  Viola — v.  Palustris,  Pinguicola  vulgaris. 

Viola  Peda'ta,  Viola,  (Ph.  U.  S.)  This  in- 
digenous violet,  which  grows  from  New  England 
to  Carolina,  is  regarded  by  some  as  a  useful  de- 
mulcent in  pectoral  affections. 

Viola  Sylvestris,  V.  Canina. 

Viola  Tri'color,  Heart's  ease,  Pansiea,  Jace'a 
tricolor,  Herba  seu  Flos  Trinita'tis,  (F.)  Pensee, 
P.  sauvage.  The  decoction  of  this  beautiful  little 
plant  has  been  recommended  in  diseases  of  the 
skin,  &c.    Its  roots  are,  also,  emetic  and  cathartic. 

VIOLARIA,  Viola. 

VIOLET,  DOG,  Viola  canina  — v.  Bloom,  So- 
latium dulcamara- — v.  Sweet,  Viola. 

VIOLETTE  A  BOUQUETS,  Viola— t;.  Odor, 
ante,  Viola — v.  des  Sorciers,  Vinca  minor. 

VIOLIEB  JAUNE,  Cheiranthus  cheirL 

VIORNA,  Clematis  vitalba. 

VIPER,  EGYPTIAN,  Aspis— v.  Grass,  Seor- 
zonera — v.  Ten  inch  lonsr.  Echidna  ocellata. 

VIPERA,  Coluber  berus. 

VIPERARIA,  Aristolochia  serpentaria,  Scor- 
zonera. 

VIPERINA  VIRGINIANA,  Aristolochia  ser- 
pentaria. 

VIR,  Penis — v.  Effceminatus,  Gynajcaner, 

VIRAGO,  see  Pogoniasis. 

VIRGA,  Penis — v.  Cerea,  Bougie — v.  Cerebri, 
Pineal  gland. 

VIRGILIA,  Cladrastis  tinctoria. 

VIRGIN,  Virgo, Par'thenus,  Expiers  nupitia'rvm, 
(F.)  Vierge,  Pucelle.  A  female  who  has  never 
had  sexual  intercourse.  Applied,  also,  occasion- 
ally to  the  male  so  circumstanced. 

VIPi'GINAL,  Virgina'le,troTavirgo,  'a  virgin.' 
The  external  genital  organs  of  the  virgin. 

Virginal  Membrane,  Hymen. 

VIRGIN'IA,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  There 
are  several  celebrated  mineral  springs  in  Virginia, 
on  the  western  side  of  the  Blue  Ridge.  Two 
Thermal  springs  exist  in  Bath  county.  The  Warm 
Spring,  as  it  is  called,  issues  with  a  bold  stream, 
suflScient  to  turn  a  mill,  and  to  keep  the  water  of 
its  basin  at  the  temperature  of  97°.  The  Hot 
Spring  is  a  few  miles  from  the  Warm.  Its  tem- 
perature is  107°.  They  are  both  slightly  sul- 
phureous. The  Sweet  Springs  are  at  the  eastern 
foot  of  the  Allegheny,  in  Botetourt  county;  42 
miles  from  the  Warm  Springs.  The  water  has  a 
temperature  of  70°,  and  is  highly  impregnated 
with  carbonic  acid.  The  White  Sulphur,  as  well 
as  the  Red  Sulphur,  and  Salt  Sulphur  Springs, 
are  also  much  celebrated.  The  Red  Spring  is 
afiirmed  to  exert  a  sedative  influence  on  the 
pulse,  diminishing  the  number  of  its  beats. 
About  15  miles  from  Staunton  are  Strilling'a 
Springs  —  a  sulphuretted  water ;  and  near  War- 
renton,  in  Fauquier  county,  there  is  a  sulphu- 
reous water,  called  Lee's  Springs,  which  is  much 
frequented.  Berldey  and  Capon  Springs  ar« 
likewise  celebrated. 

Virginia,  Hymen. 

VIRGIN'ITY,  Virgin'itas,  Parthenei'a,  luteg'. 


VIRGIN'S  BOWER 


90S 


VISUAL 


Tttas,  Maid' enTiood,  IFaid' enliead,  (P.)  Yirginite, 
Pucelage.  The  state  of  one  who  has  never  had 
carnal  commerce. 

VIRGIN'S  BOWER,  COMMON,  Clematis 
vitalba,  Clematis  Virginica — v.  Bower,  upright, 
Clematis  recta — v.  Sweet-scented,  Clematis  flam- 
mula. 

Virgin's  Milk,  Lac  Vir'ginis,  Lac  Virgina'le, 
(F.)  Lait  virginal.  A  tincture  of  benjamin  or 
of  any  other  balsam,  precipitated  by  the  addition 
of  water,  which  gives  it  a  milky  appearance. 
Also,  sub-acetate  of  lead  precipitated  by  water. 
It  has  been  used  as  a  cosmetic  to  remove  freckles, 
&c. 

VIRGINITAS  DEFLORATA,  Defloration. 

VIRGO,  Virgin — v.  Aurea,  Solidago  virgaurea. 

VIRGULA,  Penis. 

VIRIDE  iERIS,  Cupri  subacetas  — t.  Monta- 
num,  Cuprum. 

VIRILE.  Penis. 

VIRILES'CENCE  ;  from  vir,  '  a  man.'  The 
state  of  the  aged  female  in  which  she  assumes 
certain  of  the  characteristics  of  the  male. — 
Mehliss. 

VIRILIA,  Pudibilia. 

VIRILITY,  Adult  age. 

VIROSUS,  Virulent. 

VIRTUE,  Faculty. 

VIRTUS  FORMATRIX,  Plastic  force— v. 
t.  lastica,  Plastic  force. 

VIR'ULBNT,  Yirulen'tiw,  Viro'sue,  fiora  virus. 
That  which  is  of  the  nature  of  a. virus  or  which 
is  caused  by  a  virus.     Highly  noxious. 

VIRUS,  from  via,  'force.'  A  Latin  word, 
which  signifies  poison  ;  but  which,  in  medicine, 
has  a  somewhat  different  acceptation.  By  it  is 
understood  a  principle,  unknown  in  its  nature  and 
inappreciable  by  the  senses,  which  is  the  agent 
for  the  transmission  of  infectious  diseases.  Thus 
we  speak  of  the  variolic,  vaccine,  and  syi^^iHtic  vi- 
ruses. Virus  differs  from  venom  in  the  latter  being 
a  secretion  natural  to  certain  animals,  whilst  the 
former  is  always  the  result  of  a  morbid  process  ; 
—a  morhid  poison. 

Virus,  Ichor,  Poison,  Sanies — v.  Vaccine,  see 
Vaccina  —  v.  Vitale,  Sperm. 

VIS,  Force  —  v.  Adhsesionis,  Cohesion  (force 
of)  —  V.  Attractionis,  Cohesion  (force  of) — v. 
Aucta,  Sthenia  —  v.  Cohtesionis,  Cohesion  (force 
of)  —  V.  Conservatrix,  V.  medicatrix  naturae  — 
V.  Elastica,  Elasticity  —  v.  Essentialis,  Plastic 
force. 

Vis  Expul'trix.  The  organic  force  by  which, 
it  was  supposed,  the  useless  was  removed  from 
the  body. 

Vis  Formatita,  Plastic  force  — v.  Generatrix, 
Potentia  generandi — r.  Imminuta,  Asthenia — v. 
Insita,  Irritability — v.  Irritabilitatis,  Irritability. 

Vis  Medica'trix  Natu'r^e,  Vis  conserva'trix, 
Autocrati'a,  Autonom'ia,  Antocrato'ria,  Authy- 
gian'sis,  Autotlierapei' a,  Pltijsiat'rice,  Physio- 
autocrati' a,  Physiautocrati' a.  A  term,  employed 
by  some,  to  express  that  instinctive  healing 
power,  in  an  animal  or  vegetable,  by  virtue  of 
which  it  can  repair  injuries  inflicted  upon  it,  or 
remove  disease. 

Vis  Mor'tua.  Under  this  name  Haller  in- 
cluded the  mechanical  properties  of  membrane, 
— flexibility,  extensibility,  elasticity,  &c. — which 
are  totally  independent  of  the  vital  properties. 
Ttiey  remain  some  time  after  the  complete  ex- 
tinction of  life  in  all  its  functions ;  seem  to  be 
conri(;cted  with  the  mechanical  arrangement  of 
particles  and  the  chymical  composition  of  the 
Bubstanee  in  which  they  reside,  and  not  to  be 
nffected  until  the  progress  of  decomposition  has 
become  sensible. 

Vis  Muscularis,  Myodynamia — v.  Nervorum, 


Nervous  power — v.  Nervosa,  Nervous  power — v. 
Plastica,  Plastic  force — v.  Reproductiva,  Plastic 
force — V.  Vitse,  Irritability. 

Vis  Vita'lis,  Vis  seu  Fac'idtas  Zo'tiea,  (F.) 
Force  vitale.  The  vital  force  —  Biod  of  Baron 
Von  Reichenbach  —  which  distinguishes  living 
matter  from  the  dead.     Also,  Irritability. 

Vis  Zotica,  Vis  vitalis. 

VISAGE,  Countenance. 

VISCAGO  BEHEN,  Cucubalus  behen. 

VISCERA,  Entrails. 

VISCERAL,  Splanchnic. 

VISCERALIS,  Stomachal. 

VISCERATION,  Exenterismus. 

VISGERES,  Entrails. 

VISCONIA,  Physconia. 

VISCUM  ALBUM,  Mis'tletoe,  Ixos,  Lx'ia,  Da- 
hach,  (F;)  Gui.  A  parasitic  plant,  which  grows 
on  a  nnmber  of  trees.  Family,  Caprifoliaceaj. 
Sex.  Syst.  Dicecia  Tetrandria.  That  of  the  oak — 
Viscitm  querei'num  —  has  been  most  celebrated, 
but  it  does  not  differ  from  the  others.  It  was, 
at  one  time,  much  used  in  epilepsy  and  other 
neuroses ;  the  wood  or  leaves  being  given  in 
powder,  in  the  dose  of  ^ss  or  ^j.  The  berries^ 
also  called  Pomrnes  hemorrho'idales,  from  their 
supposed  virtues,  are  drastic;  and,  when  applied 
externally,  are  maturative. 

ViscDM  Capen'sb.  a  South  African  parasitic 
shrub,  which  grows  on  the  stems  of  several  spe- 
cies of  Pihus  and  Euclea. 

ViscuM  Flaves'cens,  YeVlowisTi  Mis'tletoe, 
indigenous,  has  been  given  in  similar  cases  as 
the  Viscum  album. 

VISIO,  Pupil,  Vision. 

VIS'ION,  Vis'io,  Visus,  from  videre,  visum, 
'  to  see ;'  Opsis,  Omma,  (F.)  Vue.  The  action 
of  seeing.  The  sight.  The  sight  is  one  of  the 
five  senses,  and  the  eye  is  its  organ.  By  it  we 
distinguish  colours,  and  appreciate  most  of  the 
physical  qualities  of  external  objects.  The  eye  is 
composed  of  difl'erent  transparent  media,  whose 
curvatures  and  refractive  powers  are  so  combined 
as  to  render  insensible  the  aberrations  of  spheri- 
city and  refrangibility,  and  to  concentrate  the 
numerous  rays  proceeding  from  more  or  less 
distant  objects.  These  rays  traverse,  success- 
ively, the  transparent  cornea,  the  aqueous  hu- 
mour, the  crystalline,  the  vitreous  humour,  and 
strike  upon  the  retina,  on  which  they  impress 
the  figure  of  the  object  whence  they  have  pro- 
ceeded; and,  in  order  that  no  obscurity  may  arise 
from  the  reflections  that  might  otherwise  occur, 
the  anterior  of  the  eye  is  lined  by  a  membrane — 
the  choroid — which  is  itself  covered  internally  by 
a  dark  pigment.  This  absorbs  the  light,  like  the 
dark  pigment  in  the  interior  of  telescopes,  and 
thus  obviates  confusion.  As  the  rays  proceeding 
from  an  object  must  cross  each  other  in  their 
course  to  the  retina,  it  follows  that  those  pro- 
ceeding from  the  upper  part  of  an  object  must 
fall  upon  the  lower  part  of  the  retina,  and  con- 
versely ;  so  that  the  object  must  bo  impressed 
upon  the  retina  in  an  inverted  position;  yet  ex- 
perience teaches  us  to  appreciate  the  position  ac- 
curately. 

Vision,  Binocular,  see  Binocular  —  v.  Co- 
loured, Chromopsia  —  v.  Double,  Diplopia  —  v. 
Single,  see  Binocular. 

VISORIUM  ORGANUM,  Eye. 

VISORIUS,  Visual. 

VIS'UAL,  Visna'lis,  Viso'rius.  Same  etymon. 
That  which  concerns  the  sight  or  belongs  to  vision. 

Visual  Angle  is  the  angle  formed  by  the 
crossing  of  two  rays,  proceeding  from  opposite 
points  of  any  body,  in  their  passage  through  the 
pupil.  It  is  by  the  size  of  this  angle  that  we  judge, 
to  a  certain  extent,  of  the  dimensions  of  objects. 


VISUS 


VOCAL 


VISUS,  Vision  —  v.  Acris,  Oxydercia  —  v. 
Acrior,  Nyctalopia  —  r.  Coloratus,  Chromopsia 
-  —  V.  Debilitas,  Asthenopia  —  v.  Decolor,  Achi-o- 
inatopsia — v.  Dimidiatus,  Hemiopia — v.  Diurnus, 
Hemeralopia — v.  Duplicatus,  Diplopia — v.  Hebe- 
tude, Amblyopia — v.  Juvenum,  Myopia — v.  Lu- 
cidus,  Photopsia  —  v.  Muscarum,  see  Metamor- 
pbopsia — V.  Nocturnus,  Nyctalopia  —  v.  Senilis, 
Presbytia. 

VITA,  Life— V.  Propria,  Irritability. 

VITAL,  Vita'lis,  Biot'ie,  Biot'icus,  (F.)  Vital, 
from  vita,  'life.'  '  Relating  or  appertaining  to 
life ;  —  as 

Vital  .Dynamics,  seo  Dynamic — v.  Force,  Vis 
vitalis. 

Vital  Prix'ciple,  Flam'mula  sen  Aura  vita'- 
lis, Microcosme'tor,  (F.)  Flamme  vitale,  Vital 
Flame,  The  principle  which,  in  association  with 
matter,  as  in  organized  bodies,  controls  its  ma- 
nifestations and  properties,  and  distinguishes  or- 
ganized matter  from  the  inorganic.  We  know 
nothing  of  this  principle,  except  in  its  connexion 
with  organization. 

Vital  Properties,  see  Properties,  vital  —  t. 
Statistics,  Statistics,  medical. 

VITALBA,  Clematis  vitalba. 

VITAL'ITY,  Vital' itas,  from  vita,  'life.'  The 
vital  principle :  also  used  in  the  sense  of  vital 
action  or  movement. 

VITALIZE,  To  endow  with  life. 

VITALS,  Vita'lia.  Parts  that  are  necessary 
for  life  —  the  heart,  lungs,  and  nervous  centres 
more  especially. 

VITARO'BORANT,  PALMER'S.  A  farina- 
ceous preparation,  which  appears  to  consist  of  a 
mixture  of  the  red  or  Arabian  lentil  and  wheat 
flour,  the  latter  in  considerable  amount,  sweet- 
ened with  sugar.  It  bears  considerable  resem- 
blance to  Revalenta. 

VITELLARY,  Vitelline  — v.  Membrane,  Zona 
pcllucida. 

VITELLINE,  Zona  pellucida. 

VIT'ELLINE,  Vitel'linus,  Vit'ellarij,  from  vi- 
teUns,  '  the  yolk  of  an  egg.'  Appertaining  to  or 
resembling  the  vitellus  or  yolk. 

Vitelline  Disc,  Proligerous  Disc  —  v.  Fluid, 
see  Vesicula  umbilicalis. 

Vitelline  Ped'icle  or  Apoph'ysis,  is  the  pedi- 
cle which  attaches  the  umbilical  vesicle  to  the 
embryo.     See  Vesicula  umbilicalis. 

Vitelline  Pouch,  Vesicula  umbilicalis  —  v. 
Vessels,  Omphalo-mesenteric. 

VITELLO-MESENTERIC,  Omphalo-mesen- 
teric. 

VITELLTJM  OVI,  see  Ovum. 

VITELLUS  OVI,  see  Ovum. 

VITEX,  V.  Agnus  Castus  seu  verticilla'ta,  Ag- 
nus Castus,  (F.)  Gattilier,  Petit  Poivre,  Poivre 
aauvage.  Family,  Pyrenacese.  Sex,  Syst.  Didy- 
namia  Angiospermia.  The  Chaste  Tree,  The 
seeds,  when  fresh,  have  a  fragrant  smell,  and  an 
acrid,  aromatic  taste.  Formerly,  they  were  cele- 
brated as  antaphrodisiacs. 

VITI  SALTUS,  Chorea. 

VITIA  PRIMiB  CONFORMATIONIS,  see 
Monster. 

VITIATIO,  Stuprum. 

VITILIGINES,  Ephelides. 

VITILIGO,  Lepra — v.  Alphus,  Lepra  alpho- 
ides — V.  Melas,  Lepra  nigricans — v.  Nigra,  Lepra 
nigricans. 

VITIS  ALBA  STLVESTRIS,  Bryonia  alba 
—  -v.  Apyrena,  see  V.  Corinthiaca. 

ViTis  Corinthiaca.  Family  of  the  Vines. 
Sex.  Syst.  Pentandria  Monogynia.  This  plant 
affords  the  Uvcb  passes  mino'res,  Passes  Corinthi- 
accB,  Pas'suIcB  mino'res,  Uves  CorinthiaccB,  Gorin- 
thiaccB,  Currants,  (F.)  liaisins  de  Corinthe;  which 


are  the  dried  frnit  of  the  Vitis  Corinthiacn  or 
Vitia  apyre'na;  and  are  similar,  in  their  proper- 
ties, to  the  raisin. 

Vitis  IdyEA  Myrtillus,  Vaccinium  myrtillus 
—  V.  Idsea  Palustris,  Vaccinium  oxycoccos — v. 
Idsea  punctata,  Vaccinium  vitis  idsea — v.  Sativa, 
V.  vinifera. 

Vitis  Vinif'era,  V,  sati'va,  Am'pelos,  A. 
(Enoph'oros.  The  Grape  vine,  the  Vine,  (P.) 
Vigne.  Vine  leaves  and  the  tendrils  have  an 
astringent  taste,  and  were  formerly  used  in  diar- 
rhoea, hemorrhage,  &c.  The  juice  or  sap,  called 
Lac'ryma,  has  been  recommended  in  calculous 
disorders  and  in  cases  of  chronic  ophthalmia. 
The  juice  of  the  unripe  fruit  is  called  Verjuice, 
The  Grapie,  Uva,  Botrys,  Staph'yle,  Rhax,  (F.) 
Raisin,  when  ripe,  is  a  wholesome  delicious  fruit; 
and,  when  dried,  forms  the  Uvcb  passes  majo'res, 
Pass'ules  majo'res,  Uva  p>a8S(B  sole,  sicca'tcs,  Zi- 
bebcB,  Baisins.  These  are  inodorous;  and  to  the 
taste,  sub-acidulous,  sweet,  and  mucilaginous. 
They  are  demulcent  and  nutritive. 

VITIUM,  Disease — v.  Caducum,  Epilepsy. 

ViTiuM  Conforma'tionis.  a  disease  or  fault 
of  conformation. 

ViTiuM  DiviNUM,  Epilepsy  —  v.  Herculeum, 
Epilepsy — v.  Scrophulosum,  Scrofula. 

VITRARIA,  Parietaria. 

VITREOUS,  Hyaline— V.  Humour,  Corpus  vi- 
treum — v.  Humour  of  the  ear,  Vitrine  auditive. 

VITREUS,  Hyaline. 

VITRINE  AUDITIVE  (F.),  from  vitrum, 
'glass;'  End'olymph,  Liquor  of  Scarpia,  Fluid 
of  Scarpa,  Vitreous  Humour  of  the  Ear.  The 
fluid  contained  in  the  memhranovs  labyrinth  of 
the  ear,  so  called  from  its  resemblance  to  the 
vitreous  humour  of  the  eye. 

VITRIOL,  Ferri  sulphas— v.  Blue,  Cupri  sul- 
phas—  V.  Cgeruleum,  Cupri  sulphas  —  v.  Green, 
Ferri  sulphas  —  v.  Roman,  Cupri  sulphas  —  v. 
White,  Zinei  sulphas. 

VITRIOLUM  ALBUM,  Zinci  sulphas  — v. 
Ammoniacale,  Ammonite  sulphas — v.  Cupri,  Cu- 
pri sulphas — V.  Cyprium,  Cupri  sulphas — v.  Ferri, 
Ferri  sulphas  —  v.  Goslariense,  Zinci  sulphas  —  v. 
Martis,  Ferri  sulphas  —  v.  Romanum,  Cupri  sul- 
phas— V.  Veneris,  Cupri  sulphas — v.  Viride,  Ferri 
sulphas — V.  Zinci,  Zinci  sulphas. 

VITRUM,  Hy'alos,  Glass,  Brancia,  (F.)Ferre, 
from  videre,  '  to  see.'  Glass,  coarsely  powdered, 
has  been  sometimes  used  to  remove  specks  of  the 
cornea. 

Powdered  glass  has  been  regarded,  but  erro- 
neously, as  a  poison.    It  acts  only  mechanically. 

The  saline  scum,  which  swims  on  glass  when 
first  made,  has  been  used  in  tooth-powders.  It  is 
called  Sandiver,  Sel  de  verre,  Glass  Gall,  Fel 
vitri,  &c. 

ViTRUM  ANTniONii,  866  Antimonii  vitrum  —  v. 
Hypoeleptieum,  Separatorium  —  v.  Oculare,  see 
Spectacles — v.  Sublimatorium,  Aludel. 

VITTA,  Bandelctte,  Caul. 

VIViESECTIO,  Vivisection. 

VIVERRA  CIVETTA,  see  Civetta. 

VIVIPARITE,  see  Viviparous. 

VIVIP'AROUS,  from  virus,  'alive,'  and^5fl7-)'o, 
'I  bring  forth.'  An  epithet  applied  to  animals 
whose  young  are  brought  forth  detached,  without 
requiring  to  be  hatched,  as  in  the  Oviparous. 
The  condition  may  be  termed  Vivip'arousness, 
(F.)  Viviparite.     See  Generation. 

VIVIPAROUSNESS,  see  Viviparous. 

VIVISECTION,  Vivisec'tio,  lireBsec'tio,  Bio-- 
tom'ia,  frem  vivus,  'alive,'  and  secare,  sectitm,  'to 
cut.'  The  act  of  opening  or  dissecting  living 
animals.  One  who  performs  vivisections  is  a 
viviseetor. 

VOCAL,  Oral- V.  Tube,  see  Tube,  vocaL 


VOCALIS 


910 


VOMITING 


VOCALIS,  Vowel. 

VOCE  I) I  PETTO,  see  Voice  — w.  di  Testa, 

VOICE,  Vox,  Aude,  Phone,  (F.)  Voix,  from 
i:ocarG,  '  to  name,  to  call.'  An  appreciable  sound 
produced  by  the  air,  when  driven  from  the  lungs, 
throwing  the  inferior  ligaments  of  the  glottis  into 
vibration.  The  function  by  which  this  is  effected 
has  been  called  Plwna'tion.  It  is  a  function  of 
animal  life;  and,  in  animals,  is  limited  to  the 
production  of  the  simiAe  or  instinct' ive  voice,  as 
well  as  in  the  idiot;  but,  in  intellectual  man,  be- 
comes much  more  complicated  and  articulated, — 
an  evidence  of  his  intellectual  superiority. 

Voice,  Artic'ulated,  Speech,  toque' la,  Glossa, 
Glotta,  La'lia,  Phrasis,  (F.)  Parole,  Voix  articu- 
Ue,  is  the  voice  as  produced  by  the  glottis,  modi- 
fied by  the  motions  of  the  tongue,  lip,  and  other 
parts  of  the  vocal  tube.  Most  physiologists  agree 
in  regarding  the  glottis,  or  the  space  between 
the  thyro-arytenoid  ligaments  plus  the  ligaments 
themselves,  as  the  part  where  vocal  sounds  are 
formed ;  but  the  mechanism  of  this  formation  is 
a  ma.tter  of  dispute.  The  greater  part  of  indivi- 
duals regard  the  glottis  and  its  ligaments,  with 
the  vocal  tube,  or  the  space  which  the  sound  has 
to  traverse  after  it  is  produced  in  the  glottis,  as 
a  reed  instrument,  like  the  clarionet,  the  inferior 
ligaments  of  the  glottis  constituting  the  reed.  In 
speech,  as  ordinarily  eflFected,  the  tongue,  lips, 
teeth,  ko,.,  are  concerned,  but  there  are  some 
authentic  cases  on  record,  where  it  has  been  ac- 
complished after  the  tongue  has  been  removed. 
In  such  cases,  the  articulated  voice  must  have 
been  produced  in  the  glottis  alone,  or  in  it  aided 
by  an  obscure  action  of  the  parts  above  it. 

The  singing  voice  is  not  limited  to  the  larynx; 
the  pharynx  would  seem  to  be  concerned  also. 
The  notes  that  are  produced  in  the  latter  have 
been  termed  aupra-laryngeal,  or  notes  of  the 
second  register.  They  constitute  the  pharyngeal 
voice,  falsetto  or  fancette  voice  or  voce  di  testa, 
(I.)  The  laryngeal  voice  or  voice  of  the  first  re- 
gister, is  the  Voce  di  Petto,  (I.) 

VoiCB,  Bleating,  Egophony — v.  Cavernous, 
Pectoriloquy. 

Voice,  Chol'eric,  Vox  Choler'ica.  The  pecu- 
liar husky  voice  of  those  affected  with  cholera. 

Voice,  Convul'sive,  Vox  convulsi'va,  (F.) 
Voix  convulsive.  A  neurosis  "of  the  voice,  con- 
sisting in  the  production  of  discordant  sounds  — 
acute  and  grave — which  cannot  be  brought  to  the 
natural  tones  by  any  effort  of  volition.  It  seems 
to  be  caused  by  disordered  contraction  of  the 
muscles  of  the  larynx. 

Voice,  Falsetto,  see  Voice — v.  Goat's,  Ego- 
phony —  V.  Laryngeal,  Laryngophony,  see  Voice 
— V.  Pharyngeal,  see  Voice — v.  Tracheal,  Laryn- 
gophony. 

VOIE,  "Way. 

VOIES  DIGESTIVES,  Ways,  digestive— p. 
Lachrymales,  Lachrymal  passages — v.  Premieres, 
Ways,  digestive — v.  Seeondes,  Ways,  second — v. 
Urinaires,  Urinary  passages. 

VOILE  I)U  PALAIS,  Velum  pendulum  pa- 
lali — V.  Medullaire  inferieure,  Velum  medullare 
inferius  —  i;.  Jledullaire  supirieure,  Valvula  Vi- 
eussenii. 

VOIX,  Voice — V.  Aigre,  see  Acid — v.  Articn- 
tee.  Voice,  articulated,  Pectoriloquy  —  v.  Bonr- 
aonnanie,  see  Ptcsonance  —  v.  Bronchique,  Re- 
sonance—  V.  Caverneuse,  Pectoriloquy  —  v.  Che- 
•jrotante,  Egophoay  —  v.  Egophonique,  Egophony 
—  V.  de  PoUchinelle,  Egophony  —  v.  Senile,  Ego- 
phony— v.  Tnhaire,  see  Resonance. 

VOLA,  Palm— V.  Manfis,  Palm — v.  Pedis,  Sole. 

VOLATIGA,  Lichen. 

VOLATILIZA'TION,  VolatiUsa'tio,  Volatisa'- 


tio,  from  volare,  'to  fly.'    The  operation  of  redu- 
cing volatilizable  substances  into  gas  or  vapour. 

VOLATISATIO,  Volatilization. 

VOLIT"ION,  Volif'io,  from  volo,  'to  wilL' 
The  act  of  willing.     Hence  : 

VOLIT"IONAL,  relating  to  volition.  Thus 
the  muscles  may  be  moved  by  a  volitional  or  by 
an  emotional  impulse. 

VOLNUS,  Wound. 

VOLSELLA,  Aeanthobolos,  Forceps,  Madisto. 
rium — V.  Patini,  Valet  ct  Patin. 

VOLTAISM,  Galvanism. 

VOLTUS,  Countenance,  Face. 

VOL'UNTARY,  Hecu'sius,  Volunta'rius,  from 
voluntas,  'will.'  Relating  to  the  will;  as  'volun- 
tary muscles ;'  muscles  which  act  in  obedience  to 
the  will. 

VOLUNTAS,  Volen'tia,  Arhit'rium,  Cu2nd'- 
itas,  Boule'sis,  Bule'sis,  Thele'ma,  (F.)  Volonte. 
Will  or  desire. 

Volun'tas  seu  Cupid'itas  Desedenb'i,  Luhi'- 
do  intesti'ni.     The  desire  to  go  to  stool. 

VOLVULUS,  Ileus — v.  Intestinorum,  Intua- 
susceptio. 

VOMENDI  CONAMEN  ESTANE,  Vomituri- 
tion. 

VOMER,  'a  ploughshare;'  Os  vo'meris,  Ara'- 
trum,  Os  maxill'm  superio'ris  undec"imum.  One 
of  the  bones  of  the  face,  so  called  from  its  resem- 
blance. It  is  an  azygous  bone,  forming  the  pos- 
terior part  of  the  septum  narium.  It  is  thin,  flat, 
and  quadrilateral ;  and  is  articulated,  below,  to 
the  superior  maxillary  and  palatine  bones;  and 
above,  to  the  sphenoid,  ethmoid,  and  cornets  of 
Bertin.  It  is  developed  by  a  single  point  of  os- 
sification.    Also,  the  penis. 

VOM'ICA,  Pyocys'tis,  from  vomere,  'to  vomit,' 
'to  cast  up.'  (F.)  Vomiqve,  Crachement  de  pus. 
A  term  used  by  some  authors  for  any  encysted 
collection  of  purulent  matter  in  the  interior  of  a 
viscus.  The  acceptation  is  commonly,  however, 
restricted  to  purulent  collections  in  the  lungs, 
encysted  or  not,  which  may  be  discharged  by  the 
mouth,  by  breaking  into  the  bronchial  tubes. 
Two  kinds  of  vomicas  are  distinguished;  the  one 
caused  by  the  softening  or  breaking  down  of 
pulmonary  tubercles ;  the  other,  of  much  more 
rare  occurrence,  formed  by  a  circumscribed  abscess 
of  the  lungs.  Instead  of  opening  into  the  bron- 
chia, the  abscess  is  sometimes  discharged  into  the 
cavity  of  the  pleura,  causing  empyema. 

VOMICINE,  Brucia. 
VOMIQUE,  Vomica. 
VOMIQUIER,  Strychnos  nux  vomica. 
VOMISSEMENT,   Vomiting  —  v.    de   Sang, 
Heematemesis. 

VOMIT,  Emetic  — V.  Black,  Fever,  yellow, 
Melsena. 

Vomit,  Dry,  of  Marriott.  A  once  celebrated 
emetic,  called  '  dry,'  from  its  having  been  given 
without  solution.  It  consisted  of  equal  portions 
of  tartrate  of  antimony  and  potassa,  and  sulphate 
of  copper. 

VOJIITIF,  Emetic. 
VOMITINE,  Emetine. 

VOM'ITING,  Vom'itus,  Vomit"io,  Vomit"ium, 
Vom'itum,  Evomit"io,  Ana' trope,  Em'esis  vomit"  in, 
Palmus  vom'itus,  yEgritu'do  ventric'vli,  Spicwing, 
Puking,  Sickness  of  the  Stoinach,  (F.)  Vomisse- 
ment,  from  vomere,  'to  cast  up.'  The  act  by 
which  solids  and  liquids,  contained  in  the  sto- 
mach, are  ejected  by  the  mouth.  Vomiting  is  the 
effect  of  some  special  irritation  of  the  nerves  of 
the  stomach,  calling,  bj'  reflex  action,  on  the  np- 
propriate  muscles  to  expel  the  contents  of  the 
viscus.  It  is  not  accomplished  solely  by  the 
contraction  of  tiie  stomach,  as  was  for  a  long 
time  believed.     That  organ,  indeed,  assists  in  the 


VOMITIO 


911 


YULVO-UTEEIXE 


process ;  but  the  main  cause  is  the  compression 
exerted  upon  the  parietes  of  the  viscus  by  the 
diaphragm  and  abdominal  muscles.  Vomiting  is 
a  symptom  common  to  numerous  diseases.  At 
times,  it  is  sympathetic,  as  in  aifections  of  the 
kidney,  uterus,  brain,  &c.  At  others,  it  is  symp- 
tomatic, as  in  gastritis,  peritonitis,  &c.  AVhen 
very  troublesome,  it  may  often  be  palliated  by 
effervescent  draughts,  aromatics,  sinapisms,  or 
blisters  to  the  epigastric  region,  &c. 

Vomiting  at  Pleasitee,  Regurgitation  —  v. 
of  Blood,  Hsematemesis  —  v.  Stercoraceous,  Co- 
premesis. 

VOMITIO,  Vomiting — v.  Sanguinis,  Hasmate- 
mesis. 

VOMITIUM,  Vomiting. 

VOMITO  NEGRO,  Fever,  yellow  — v.  Prieto, 
Fever,  yellow. 

VOMITORIUM,  Emetic. 

VOMITORY,  Emetic. 

VOMITUM,  Vomiting. 

VOMIT URIT^'ION,  Vomituri'tio,  Emes'{a,By- 
semes'ia,  Subver'sio  etom'achi.  Same  etymon  as 
Vomiting.  Ineffectual  efforts  to  vomit ;  Vomen'di 
cona'meu  ina'ne,  Retching,  Reaching,  Heav'ing. 
Some  authors  mean,  by  this  term,  a  vomiting  of 
but  little  matter,  or  that  which  is  effected  almost 
without  effort.  The  first  acceptation  is  the  most 
general. 

VOMITUS,  Vomiting  —  v.  Cruentus,  Hama- 
temesis — v.  Fasculentus,  Copremesis — v.  Marinus, 
Nausea  marina — v.  Navigantium,  Nausea  marina 
— V.  Niger,  Fever,  yellow — v.  Pituitosus,  Blenne- 
mesis — v.  Profusus,  Hyperemesis — v.  Purulentus, 
Pyemesis — v.  Sanguinis,  Hsematemesis — v.  Ster- 
coris,  Copremesis. 

VOORARA,  Curare. 

VOUACAPUA  AMERICANA,  Geoffraea  in- 
ermis. 

VOOTE,  Vault— v.  Medullaire,  Corpus  eal- 
losum  —  V.  d  Trois  Piliers,  Fornix. 

VOWEL,  Voca'lis,  from  Latin  vox,  'the  voice,' 
and  voco,  'to  call.'  (F.)  VoyeUe.  Physiologi- 
cally, a  continuous  breath  or  sound,  produced  in 
the  glottis  ;  but  more  or  less  modified  by  the  form 
of  the  vocal  tube,  through  which  it  has  to  pass. 
In  the  English  language,  a,  e,  i,  o,  u,  ic,  and  y 
are  vowels. 

VOX,  Voice  —  V.  Cholerica,  Voice,  choleric  — 
V.  Clangosa,  Oxyphonia  —  v.  Convulsiva,  Voix 
Convulsive — v.  Nasalis,  Rhinophonia — v.  Rauca, 
Raucedo,  Raucous  voice — v.  Raucisona,  Raucous 
voice. 

rO  YELLE,  Vowel. 

VUE,  Vision — 17.  Courte,  Myopia — v,  Diurne, 
Hemeralopia — v.  Faihle,  Ambl3'opia — v.  Longue, 
Presbytia — v.  Louche,  Strabismus — v.  Nocturne, 
Nyctalopia. 

VULGA,  Vulva. 

VULNERAIRE,  Vulnerary  — ■».  Suisse,  see 
Falltranck. 

VULNERARIUS,  Traumatic. 
VUL'NERAPi,Y,     Vulnera'rius,    Trmimat'icus, 
Traumatic,  {rovo.  vulnus,  vulneris,  'a  wound.'  (F.) 
Vulniraire,     A  name  applied  by  the  ancients  to 


medicines,  which  they  considered  capable  of  fa- 
vouring the  consolidation  of  wounds.  The  pro- 
perty has  been  ascribed  to  various  plants. 

VULNERATIO  NERVI,  Neurotrosis. 

VULNUS,  AVound  —  v.  Laceratum,  see  Lace- 
ration—  V.  Sclopetarium,  Wound,  gun-shot — T. 
Simplex,  Cut. 

VULNUSCULUM,  Wound. 

VULPIS  MORBUS,  Alopecia. 

VULTUEUX  (¥.),  Vidtuo'sHs.  Corvisart  has 
used  the  expression,  Face  vultneuse,  Fa'cies  viil- 
tno'sa,  for  the  face,  when  it  is  more  florid  and 
swollen  than  in  the  natural  state.  This  appear- 
ance, which  is  observed  in  active  aneurism  of  the 
heart,  according  to  Corvisart,  is  owing  to  the  aiflux 
of  blood  into  the  arterial  capillaries,  and  hence 
differs  from  the  livid  and  swollen  appearance 
caused  by  the  accumulation  of  blood  in  the  venous 
capillaries,  constituting  the  Face  injectee. 

VULTUS,  Countenance,  Face  —  v.  Tetricus  et 
Moestus,  Scythropasmus. 

VULVA,  Uterus,  see  Vulva. 

Vulva,  from  valva,  'a  door.'  Horfus,  Cunnus, 
Puden'diim  mulle'bre,  Simis  pudo'ris,  Choiros, 
Arvum,  Bucca,  Bulga,  Cadur'cns,  Ciistos,  Femen, 
An'nulus,  Femur  sximmum,  Follic'ulus,  Fundus, 
Gre'mium,  Hia'tus,  Lanu'vium,  Navis,  Oppid'u- 
lum,  SpecHS,  Vulga,  Cymba,  Saltus,  Clitor'imn, 
Os'tium,  Sulcus,  Ampihicaus' lis.  Concha,  Parens, 
Porta,  Interfemineum,  Blulie'bria,  Fossa  magna 
mulie'bris,  Episei'on,  Es'chara,  Hor'tulus  cupid'- 
inis,  Bouba'lios,  Byssos,  Cava,  Gaver'na,  Ddphys, 
Delta,  Fovea,  Oynmce'um,  the  Female  p)nden'dum, 
the  Female  organs  of  generation,  the  Female  jyarta, 
Loci  mulie'bres,  (F.)  Vulve.  A  longitudinal  open- 
ing between  the  projecting  parts  of  the  external 
organs  of  generation  in  the  female,  extending  from 
the  mons  veneris  to  the  perineum,  and  which  ia 
called,  also,  Fossa  magna.  Some  anatomists  mean, 
by  this  term,  the  whole  of  the  external  genital 
organs  of  the  female  :  —  mons  veneris  ;  labia  ma- 
jora,  and  the  cleft  or  vestibule  separating  them ; 
the  clitoris;  nymphas ;  meatus  urinarius;  en- 
trance of  the  vagina;  with  the  hymen  or  the 
carunculse  myrtiformes,  fossa  navicularis  and 
fourchette. 

Vulva,  Fora'men  commu'ne  anfe'ritts,  Iter  ad 
infundib'ulum.  Iter  sen  Ad'itus  ad  ter'tium  ven- 
trie'ulum,  Rima  ad  infundib'ulum,  Apertu'ra  an- 
te'rior   ventric'uli   ter'tii   cerebri.      An    opening 
situate  at  the  junction  of  the  optic  thalami,  in 
the  third  ventricle  of  the  brain,  and  immediately 
beneath  the  anterior  crus  of  the  fornix. 
VUL  VAIRE,  Chenopodium  vulvaria. 
VULVAR,  Vulva'ris,  from  vulva.    That  whicli 
relates  to  the  vulva.     Chaussier  gives  this  name 
to  the  external  pudic  arteries,  because  they  as& 
distributed  to  the  vulva. 
VULVARIA,  Chenopodium  vulvaria. 
rUL  VE,  Vulva. 

VULVI'TIS,  a  hybrid  word,  from  vulvcf,  and 
itis,  denoting  inflammation.   Inflammation  of  the 
vulva. 
VULVO-UTERINE  CANAL,  Vagina. 


WAD 


912 


WATER 


w. 


WAD,  Graphiteg. 

"WAHOO,  see  Euonymu?. 

WAISTCOAT,  STRAIT,  Indu'citla,  (F.)  Ca- 
misole, Gilet  deforce.  A  dress,  used  for  restrain- 
ing maniacs,  or  those  labouring  under  violent 
delirium.  It  has  long  sleeves,  which  are  tied 
behind  the  body,  so  that  the  arms  cannot  be  ex- 
tricated from  them.  It  ought,  of  course,  to  be 
made  of  very  resisting  materials. 

WAKE-ROBIN,  Arum  maculatum,  Trillium 
latifolium. 

WALE,  Wheal. 

WALKING,  Gressus,  Inces'sua,  Beamhula'tio, 
Ariilula'tio,  Bad'isis,  (F.)  La  marche.  The  action 
by  which  we  change  place,  by  means  of  a  succes- 
sion of  steps  in  the  same  direction.  In  walking 
forwards,  the  centre  of  gravity  is  constantly  al- 
tered ;  and  a  series  of  small,  parabolic  curves  is 
described  on  the  heads  of  the  thigh-bones,  the 
extent  of  which  is  regulated  by  volition,  under 
the  guidance  of  vision. 

WALLA' CHIA,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
There  are  many  excellent  sulphureous  springs  in 
this  country,  especially  those  at  Bobotsch,  Fin- 
ceschti,  Sibitchiudi  Suz,  Brasa,  Otschin,  Serbo- 
Deschte,  Kimpalungi,  Kosia,  and  Oloneschti. 
Chalybeate  and  saline  springs  have,  also,  been 
found  at  Sibitschiudi  Suz.  —  Siller. 

AVALLFLOWER,  Cheiranthus  cheiri. 

WALLE,I]E,  Asplenium  ruta  muraria. 

WALNUT,  Juglans  regia — w.  White,  Juglans 
cinerea. 

WALTON,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  A 
mineral  spring  near  Tewkesbury,  in  Gloucester- 
chire,  England.     It  is  an  acidulous  chalybeate. 

WANT,  from  past  participle  of  Sax.  tanian, 
'  to  wane,'  '  to  fall  away.'  '  Need  of  that  which  is 
necessary.'  (F.)  Besoin.  This  word  is  sometimes 
used  to  express  the  imperious  necessity  which 
compels  us  to  take  food,  drink,  &c.  (See  Hunger 
and  Thirst.)  In  a  more  general  sense,  it  means 
the  impressions  transmitted  by  the  organs  to  the 
brain,  when  it  is  necessary  that  they  should  act: 
these  wants  are  called  instinctive  desires  and  in- 
ternal sensations  or  stimidi.  Such  are  the  desires 
or  wants  to  eat,  drink,  void  the  urine,  breathe 
{hesoin  de  respirer),  &c. 

Want,  in  the  sense  of  indigence,  (L.)  Egestas, 
Indirjen'tia,  is  the  cause  of  a  number  of  diseases. 

WARBURG'S  FEVER-DROPS,  see  Bebeeru. 

WARD'S  ESSENCE  FOR  THE  HEADACH, 
Linimentum  camphorte  compositum  —  w.  White 
Drops,  see  Hydrargyri  nitras. 

WARMBRUNN,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Much  frequented  springs  in  Silesia,  about  a  league 
from  Hirschberg.  They  are  thermal,  95°  to  100° 
Fah.,  and  are  chiefly  used  as  baths.  The  impreg- 
nating materials  are  carbonate  of  soda,  sulphate 
of  soda,  sulphate  of  lime,  chloride  of  sodium,  car- 
bonate of  magnesia,  and  sulphohydric  acid  gas. 

WAPiM  SPRINGS,  see  Virginia,  mineral  wa- 
ters of. 

WARNERA  CANADENSIS,  Hydrastis  Cana- 
densis. 

WAPbT,  Verruca — w.  Corneous,  Cornu. 
WAri,TY,    Ver'i-ucose,   Ver'rucous,   Ve.rrnco'sns, 
from  Sax.  peapt;.     Full  of  warts.     Resembling, 
feinting,  or  belonging  to  wants. 

Warty  Tumour  of  Cicatrices.  A  name 
given   by  Mr.   Howship   to   the  tumour,  which 


sometimes  appears  on  an  old  scar,  many  years, 
perhaps,  after  the  injury  that  caused  it. 

WASH,  BLACK,  see  Hydrargyri  submurias — 
w.  Preventive,  Lotion,  Hannay's — w.  White,  Li- 
quor plumbi  subacetatis  dilutus. 

WASHERWOMAN'S  SCALL,  Psoriasis 
diffusjf. 

WASP,  Tespa,  SpJiex,  (F.)  Gitepe.  A  genus 
of  gregarious  insects,  like  the  bee  and  the  ant. 
They  are  armed  with  a  sting,  which  pours  a  poi- 
sonous fluid  into  the  puncture  made  by  it.  (See  . 
Poisons,  Table  of.)  The  best  application  is  the 
sp.  ammonise  aromaticus,  or  some  preparation  of 
ammonia. 

WASSERBURG,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Wasserburg  is  a  town  of  Bavaria,  seated  on  the 
Inn,  28  miles  east  of  Miinich.  The  water,  called, 
also.  Aqua  Aga'tii,  contains  carbonic  acid ;  car- 
bonates of  lime  and  magnesia;  sulphates  of  lime 
and  magnesia ;  chloride  of  sodium,  carbonate  of 
soda  and  oxide  of  iron. 

WA  SSERKUR,  Hydrosudotherapeia. 

WATER,  Sax.paetep,(G.)  Wasser,J9'!(a,^2/- 
dor,  'viij>p,  Alma,  (F.)  Eau,  Profox'ide  of  hydrogen. 
Water  was  at  one  time  regarded  as  a  simple  ele- 
ment. It  is  now  known  to  consist  of  eight  parts 
by  weight  of  oxygen,  and  one  of  hydrogen.  It 
freezes  at  32°,  and  boils  at  212°  of  Fahrenheit; 
and  is  taken  as  the  unit  in  all  tables  of  specific 
gravity  of  solid  and  liquid  substances.  Water, 
as  we  meet  with  it,  is  very  different  in  its  state 
of  purity;  generally,  it  contains  small  quantities 
of  saline  matter;  at  other  times,  as  in  sea-water 
and  mineral  waters,  it  is  largely  impregnated. 
The  characters  of  water,  as  met  with  under  ordi- 
nary circumstances,  are  well  compared  by  Celsug, 
"Aqua  levissima  jjluvialis  est /  deinde  fontana  / 
turn  ex  flumine ;  turn  ex  2}iiteo/  post  hac  ex  nive, 
aut  glacie;  gravior  his  ex  lacu  /  graviesima  ex 
palude."  Pure  water  is  one  of  the  best  diluents 
that  can  be  used.  When  cold,  and  especially 
when  iced,  it  is  one  of  the  most  useful  refrige- 
rants ;  and,  in  the  form  of  the  cold,  tepid,  anj 
warm  bath,  it  is  serviceable  in  numerous  diseases. 

Water  of  Aix-la-Chapelle,  see  Aix-la-Cha- 
pelle  —  w.  Allflower,  Urine,  cows'  —  w.  Apple, 
Apple-tea — w.  Barley,  Decoctum  hordei. 

Water  Bed.  A  bed,  contrived  by  Dr.  Arnott, 
which,  in  consequence  of  its  being  placed  on 
water,  is  well  adapted  for  the  bedridden. 

Water,  Binelli,  Aqua  Binellii  —  w.  of  Bitter 
Almonds,  Aqua  Amygdalarum  concentrata  —  w. 
Brash,  Pyrosis — w.  Brocchieri,  Aqua  Brocchierii 
— w.  Camphor,  Mistura  Camphorae. 

Water  Canker,  Cancer  aquaticus. 

Water,  Carui,  Strong,  Spiritus  carui  —  w. 
Chicken,  Chicken-tea — w.  Cinnamon,  Aqua  cin- 
naraomi  —  w.  Cinnamon,  strong,  Spiritus  cinno/- 
monii  —  w.  Cologne,  Euu  de  Cologne. 

Water  Cure,  H3-drosudotherapeia. 

Water,  Distil'led,  Acpta  destilla'ta,  (F.)  Eau 
distillee,  Holy  tcater,  is  generally  ordered  in  ex- 
temporaneous prescriptions,  but  is  rarely  used. 
In  some  cases,  however,  it  is  absolutelj'  neces- 
sary; as  water,  containing  any  saline  impregna,- 
tion — hard  water,  for  example — decomposes  cer- 
tain substances.  Distilled  water  has  been  recom- 
mended as  a  diet-drink  in  cancerous  affections; 
and  it  is  used  in  the  religious  ceremonies  of  the 
Catholic  church.  In  the  Pharmacopoeia  of  tho 
United  States,  it  is  directed  to  be  made  as  fol- 
lows: —  Take  of  water,  ten  gallons.    First  distil 


WATER 


913 


WATER 


two  pints,  and  throw  them  away;  then  distil 
eight  gallons.  Keep  the  distilled  water  in  glass 
bottles. 

"Water-doctor,  see  Uromantia. 

Water-dressing.  Thb  treatment  of  -wounds 
and  ulcers  by  the  application  of  water.  It  gene- 
rally consists  in  dipping  folds  of  lint  in  water, 
and  placing  them  on  the  part: — the  whole  being 
covered  with  oiled  silk  or  elastic  gum. 

Water,  Epileptic,  of  Langius,  Langii  aqua 
epileptica — w.  Eennel,  Aqua  foeniculi. 

Water  Flag,  Yellow,  Iris  pseudacorus. 

Water,Florida, — a  celebrated  perfume, — may 
be  made  of  01.  Bergami  f^iv;  Tiiict.  benzoin,  e. 
f^ij  ;  Alcohol,  cong. 

AYater,  Goulard,  Liquor  plumbi  sub-acetatis 
dilutus. 

Water,  Hard.  Common  water,  which  de- 
composes and  curdles  soap ;  in  contradistinction 
to  soft  tcater,  which  is  readily  miscible  with  soap. 
The  hardness  of  water  depends  upon  the  pre- 
sence in  it  of  earthy  salts,  the  most  common  of 
which  is  sulphate  of  lime. 

Water,  Holt,  Water,  distilled  —  w.  Honey, 
see  Mel  —  w.  in  the  Head,  Hj'drocephalus  —  w. 
Hungary,  Spiritus  rosmarini. 

Water  Jags,  see  Varicella. 

Water,  Lake,  Aqua  ex  lacii,  (F.)  Eau  de  lac, 
is  apt  to  be  impure,  from  decayed  animal  and 
vegetable  matters.  A  great  deal  will,  however, 
depend  upon  the  magnitude  of  the  collection, 
and  the  degree  of  stagnation. 

Water,  Laurel,  see  Prunus  lauro-cerasus  — 
w.  Lavender,  Spiritus  lavandulte  —  w.  Lemon- 
peel,  see  Lemonpeel  Tea  —  w.  Lime,  Liquor  eal- 
eis  —  w.  Lime,  compound,  Liquor  calcis  compo- 
situs — w.  Magnesia,  aerated,  Magnesia,  fluid  — 
w.  Magnesia,  carbonated.  Magnesia,  fluid. 

Water,  Marsh,  Aqua  paludo'sa,  (F.)  Eau  de 
Marais,  is  the  most  impure  of  all.  It  is  generally 
more  stagnant,  and  of  course  more  loaded  with 
decomposing  animal  and  vegetable  matters. 

Water,  Mixeral,  Aqua  minera'lis,  A.  salu'- 
bris,  A.  medica'ta,  Eons  saluta' rius,  E.  medica'- 
tiis,  E.  sote'rius,  Aqua  sote'ria,  (F.)  Eau  minerale. 
Water,  holding  in  solution  different  saline  and 
gazeous  substances  in  suflBoient  quantity  to  be 
possessed  of  medicinal  properties,  or  of  a  temper- 
ature different  from  that  of  the  ordinary  springs 
of  the  country. 

Mineral  waters  may  be  divided  into  four  classes : 
—  1.  Gazeous  or  Acidulous.  2.  Chalybeate.  3. 
Saline.  4.  Sulphureous.  These  may  be  thermal, 
or  cold,  —  natural,  or  artificial.  Many  of  these 
divisions,  however,  run  into  each  other ;  some  of 
the  substances,  which  they  hold  dissolved,  be- 
longing to  one  class  as  well  as  to  another. 

1.  Ga'zeous,  Acid'idous  or  Car'bonated  Min'- 
eral  Waters,  Aqua  minera'les  aeid'ulce,  (F.) 
Eanx  minerales  gazeuses  ou  acidules.  The  wa- 
ters referred  to  this  class  are  those  that  contain 
carbonic  acid  gas  in  such  quantity  as  to  commu- 
nicate to  it  certain  sensible  qualities.  Waters 
impregnated  with  free  carbonic  acid,  sparkle  when 
drawn  from  the  spring,  or  when  poured  into  a 
glass.  They  have  a  sharp,  acidulous  taste  ;  but 
become  vapid  from  exposure  to  the  air.  Along 
with  the  carbonic  acid,  there  are  generally  pre- 
sent portions  of  saline,  earthy  or  metallic  mat- 
ter, chiefly  carbonates  of  lime,  magnesia,  and 
iron.  Waters,  highly  impregnated  with  carbonic 
acid  gas,  are  grateful  to  the  stomach ;  increase 
tht>  appetite,  and  are  diuretic;  hence,  their  utility 
in  dyspepsia,  hypochondriasis,  and  gout.  Their 
properties  are,  of  course,  modified  by  the  saline 

58 


matter  that  maybe  also  contained  in  them.  The 
most  celebrated  amongst  the  aciduloas  waters 
are  those  of  Bar,  Chateldon,  St.  Myon,  Mont 
d'Or,  Langeac,  Seltzer,  Schlangenbad,  Sultzmatt, 
Pyrmont,  Spa,  Carlsbad,  Cheltenham,  Scarbo- 
rough, Saratoga,  Ballston,  and  the  Sweet  Springs 
of  Virginia. 

2.  Chalyb'eate  OT  Eerru'ginoxis  3Iinera\  Waters, 
AqucB  minera'les  ferrugino'sm,  A.  Chalyhta'tcB,  A. 
Martia'les,  (F.)  Eaux  minerales  ferrugineuses, 
contain  iron  —  sulphate,  chloride  or  carbonate, 
generally  the  latter  —  held  in  solution  by  an  ex- 
cess of  acid.  Chalybeate  waters  have  a  peculiar 
styptic  taste.  They  are  transparent  when  taken 
from  the  spring;  but,  when  exposed  for  some 
time  to  the  air,  a  pellicle  forms  on  the  surface, 
and  a  deposite  of  the  iron  takes  place.  Chalybeate 
waters  are  used  as  tonics  in  debility  of  all  kinds; 
in  all  cases,  in  fact,  where  iron  is  considered  to 
be  indicated.  They  are  the  most  numerous  of 
all  the  classes  of  mineral  waters.  In  this 
dictionary,  those  only  are  specified  which  have 
some  celebrity ;  yet  there  are  upwards  of  ninety  : 
whilst  there  are  more  than  sixty  of  the  saline, 
and  upwards  of  thirty-five  of  the  sulphureous. 
The  most  celebrated  chalybeates  are  those  of 
Tunbridge,  Scarborough,  Spa,  Bussang,  Forges, 
Vichy,  Pyrmont,  Passy,  Provins,  and  Vals. 

3.  Saline  Ilineral  Waters,  AqncB  minerales  sa- 
li'ncB,  Amna  alcaliza'ta  (Paracelsus,)  Ilydralmcp, 
(F.)  Eaux  minerales  salines.  Waters,  holding  in 
solution  different  saline  substances  in  greater 
quantity  than  the  acidulous  waters.  They  differ 
in  properties,  according  to  the  salts  contained  in 
them.  The  salts  usually  present  are  sulphates, 
chlorides,  and  carbonates ;  and  the  bases,  with 
which  the  acids  forming  these  are  combined,  are 
soda,  magnesia,  and  lime.  Saline  mineral  waters 
are  usually  aperient;  and  the  most  noted  are 
those  of  Seltzer,  Sedlitz,  Balaruc,  Bourbonne-les- 
Bains,  Baden,  Epsom,  Cheltenham,  &c. 

To  this  class  may  also  be  added  Sea  icater. 

4.  Sulphu'reous  Mineral  Waters,  Aqua  mine- 
rales sulphu'recs ;  when  warm,  termed  Theio- 
thermcB,  Theiopega,  Theother'mcB,  Fontes  sulphu'- 
rei  eal'idi,  (F.)  Eaux  minerales  sul/ureuses,  Eaux 
eulfurees,  E.  sulfureuses,  E.  hepatiques,  &c.  These 
waters  owe  their  distinguishing  character  to  an 
impregnation  of  sulphuretted  hj'drogen,  and  are 
at  once  recognized  by  their  peculiar  fetid  smell, 
resembling  that  of  rotten  eggs.  They  usually 
contain  saline  substances,  which  modify  their 
powers.  From  the  action  of  the  sulphuretted  hy- 
drogen, they  are  useful  in  cutaneous  affections ; 
and,  from  the  combined  action  of  this  and  the 
saline  matter,  they  are  valuable  agents  in  dis- 
eases of  the  digestive  organs.  They  are  also 
employed  in  cutaneous  eruptions ;  and  the  warm 
sulphur  baths  have  been  especially  celebrated  in 
such  cases,  as  well  as  in  rheumatic  affections. 
The  most  renowned  sulphureous  waters  are  those 
of  Bareges,  Bagneres-de-Luehon,  Cauterets,  Bon- 
nes, Aix  in  Savoy,  Aix-la-Chapelle,  Enghien, 
Harrogate,  Moffat,  Virginia  Springs,  <tc. 

Some  springs,  as  those  of  Bath,  Buxton,  Dax, 
Matlock,  Warm  and  Hot  Springs  of  Virginia, 
&c.,  are  almost  pure  Thermal  Mineral  Waters. 
They  are  valuable  agents  in  rheumatic  affec- 
tions; the  warmth  being  equable  during  the 
whole  period  the  individual  is  immersed  in  them  ; 
which  cannot  be  the  case  in  the  artificial  thermal 
bath. 

The  following  Table  by  Dr.  Pereira  exhibits 
the  composition  of  some  of  the  principal  mineral 
waters. 


WATER,  MIA'ERAL 


914 


WATER,  MINERAL 


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o 

t-JS 

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o 

o 

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i— 1 

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Oh 

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CO 

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O 

O 
g 

o.S 

O 

O 

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o 

M 

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n 

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M 
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M 

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o 

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03 

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te  of  ferrugi 
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Restituta. 
acid  18.9 ; 
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potash; 
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sub- 
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m 


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CO     rt 


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txi.S 


rtO.-li-HOOOOOOOOO 


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Ot^t^COO-^-rCC-JCOI^C-IWC^ 

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CO  -#■  ^'  o  CQ  TjH  M  CO  c<i  — i  N  w  d 


s« 


eooNinocQr-iOrtrtOOo 


r^mcr>— i"^-H  .-im  g  '-o 
coiot^oi>cooq  J^w  -^cD 
di-Id^odddodNodd 


O     'S*         '-1 


»-;oqco       COCX3       o       cDinooi^ 
lo  irj  d  o  N  ci  o  CO  o  '-<  CO  r-J  d 

rH  rt  oj 


.^  Q    12; 


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(D      "     3      •     C:    CD '■O     q;  "O    C:     3     r;    C2 

o    •eartcaocoEcaca  —   ca 
5  -  CO  j3  bjo  5  —  5  —  fcc  V)  ^  ;o 


m 


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Qi    D 


rt      -^        S.  ™        *J-^C' — '   ca.,    ^  ^^    ..^L,    ■-.    ti^    3 


WATER,  MINERAL 


915 


WATER,  MINERAL 


•r  CO  <o 

feo  c 

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TO  (—  «^  o 

c  5  "^  s- 

in  —  c  a> 

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00  ^  00  ^  00 


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L.) 

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o 

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a> 

o.  a. 

P^    E-^PhI^h 


-ri    .  n;  n 


o  ti]  « 


CO        . 


•  -=  j3         -e 


Ooo    ..2  |-S^  g 

:2o  s  c  Ss:h  c 

o-iioSDD-oc: 
i       to.S  --p  c       a  ;: 

,  O    .'     C3  "o    O    '^'■ 

i  g  S--^'e  g-S  o5  ^^. 

Pi  Oh  CC  ■<  fli       OhDh       ( 


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S      CO -2 


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<"      =!  S  o      2      =    .2 

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3    O   ^    >^  O 
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^      tn^     ^  CO  S 

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m      O   o   g  o  ^ 

CO    -a. 2  J.-a  CO 

t4    E-'P30E-'  14 


O      <u       cS  .- 

S    S    §15 


O^  ■*  •*  tC  CO  (N      '-' 


■<#  o  00  cn  CO  o 

03  O  C^  CO  O  00 

f^  -*  M  d  O  I~^ 

CO  CO  CO  CO  CO  CM 


CO 


uo    inrti-rfcn    00    m    >-i    i— i-— i 


<3^    in 
o  o  o  o  o  d    d 


ooo    o 


o    o  o  o  o  o    o 


OOOO     CO     o     o     oo 


d  in 


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O  O      W      CO  O  O      i~- 
<BOO      -H      CJO"— I      CO 

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d    o  d  d  o  o    o 


CO     en    j^    o    o    00  -* 

.-I      -*    «5    cri    o    CO  o 

odocQ    d    j>    d    do 


j--.ooin        inc^^cQc>* 

coio         M«5  CO         oootNCi      (Nco^_q        cnr-^qqq 

^rtdr-iod    --H    od^    o    o    '-<    o^i-idd    >-<      "-i    d^c4o    r-i    o    o    oo 


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M  coT}<inco  in  r^  >-;  coq 
ci    M  ^  ^  N    rt    d    d    do 


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CO  .-H  CO  «  N 


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t— 1    coooot-;    •-<    in    ■— ;    •-•_  ^ 
d    (ji  d  d «    d    d    d    dd 


d    ^    (N  iri '-^  CO  o    •* 


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O  CD  CO  O     CO     CD 


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CD     C-3      C*  CO 

d  d 


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5  s^'s 


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3      C  d    .   = 

CO       CO    CO      ■    CO 


fl    .2    'O    • 

S    c    =  ' 

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M 


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"ral-S  ^  CD 

-^Ci  CD         gj5     fe 

g  £tS   S    3   M   ^ 

2  CO  ^  cO"j5|C  ^ 

c  >  CD  ==ri  c 


o  a>  j3  CD 
CD  ^  o  -a 


•H         .CD       m 


5    ^ 


H^HlKOKhS   S   Q>PQ   Pm   P^   (^   HccPihM 


■S       O.  2    CO  — .    C    g 


bD 


CO    ^  S 


.2   ■5|:2<£^§   :    :§    5S 
^    2-s|  S3  gig.    S    §3 


WATER 


916 


WEIGHTS 


Water,  Mineral,  Acidulous  water,  simple. 

Waters,  Mineral,  Artificial,  (F.)  Eaux 
minerales  artificielles  on  factices.  These  are  imi- 
tations of  the  natural ;  and  some  of  them  —  as 
the  factitious  Cheltenham  water,  and  Sedlitz  wa- 
ter—  answer  the  purpose  of  the  natural  water 
tolerably  well.  The  acidulous  and  chalybeate 
waters  are,  however,  most  easily  imitated. 

Water,  Nutmeg,  Spiritus  myristicae — w.  Pars- 
nep,  creeping,  Sium — ^^w.  Pennyroyal,  spirituous, 
Si>iritus  pulegii  —  w.  Peppermint,  Aqua  menthte 
piperitae. 

Water  Pox,  see  Varicella. 

Water,  Protoxide  of  Nitrogen,  Aqua  nitro- 
genii  protoxydi. 

Water  Qualm,  Pyrosis. 

Water,  Rain,  Aqua  ^^iuvia'lis,  A.  plu'via,  A. 
Jm'brium,  (F.)  Eau  de  pluie,  when  collected  at  a 
distance  from  houses  or  other  elevated  objects,  is 
the  purest  natural  water,  and  has  the  least  spe- 
cific gravity.  The  only  bodies  which  it  usually 
holds  in  solution,  are  carbonic  acid,  and  minute 
traces  of  carbonate  of  lime  and  chloride  of  calcium. 

Water,  Rice,  see  Oryza. 

Water,  River,  Aqua  fluviat'ilis,  is  derived 
from  the  conflux  of  numerous  springs  and  rain 
water.     It  is,  generally,  pretty  pure. 

Water,  Rose,  Aqua  rosse. 

Water,  Sea,  Aqua  Mari'na,  Humor  Dor'idis, 
(F.)  Eau  de  Mer.  This  contains  chlorides  of 
sodium,  magnesium  and  calcium,  and  sulphate 
of  magnesia.  It  is  cathartic,  and  forms  the 
usual  glyster  at  sea.  It  makes  an  excellent  tonic 
bath ;  superior  in  most  cases — especially  in  scro- 
fula—  to  the  fresh  water-bath. 

Water,  Searle's  Patent  Oxtgenotjs  Aer- 
ated, Aqua  Nitrogenii  protoxydi  —  w.  Seyds- 
chutz,  Sedlitz  water. 

Water  Shield,  Brasenia  hydropeltis. 

Water,  Snow,  Aqua  niva'ta,  (F.)  Eau  de 
veige,  has  usually  been  deemed  unwholesome. 
It  exactly  resembles  rain  water  in  composition, 
and  is  equally  salubrious. 

Water,  Soda,  Acidulous  water,  simple  —  w. 
Soft,  see  Water,  hard  —  w.  Spearmint,  Aqua 
menthse  viridis. 

AVater,  Spring,  Aqua  fonta'na,  Hydrope'ge, 
(F.)  Eau  de  fontaine,  contains,  in  addition  to  the 
substances  detected  in  rain  water,  more  or  less 
sulphate  of  lime.  When  this  is  to  such  an  ex- 
tent as  to  curdle  soap,  the  water  is  said  to  be 
hard ;  if  not,  soft.  Hard  water  is,  of  course, 
inferior  to  soft,  for  domestic  and  medicinal  pur- 
poses. 

Water,  Styptic,  Sydenham's  solutio  sulphatis 
cupri  composita  —  w.  Tar,  see  Pinus  sylvestris — 
w.  Toast,  see  Toast-water. 

Water,  Well,  Aqtia  putea'lis  seu  Putea'na, 
A.  ex  pu'teo,  (F.)  Eau  de  puit,  Eau  de  source,  is 
the  same  as  spring  water,  but  liable  to  impregna- 
tion, owing  to  the  land  springs  filtering  into  the 
wells,  and  conveying  impurities  into  them. 

Waters,  Discharged  or  Broken,  Profusio 
aquse  —  w.  Distilled,  Aquae  destillatse — w.  First, 
Primitiae. 

WATTWEILER,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Wattweiler  is  a  small  town  in  the  department  of 
llaut-Rhin,  at  the  foot  of  the  Vosges.  The  wa- 
ters are  acidulous  chalybeates,  and  contain  car- 
bonates of  iron,  lime,  and  soda ;  chloride  of 
sodium,  and  free  carbonic  acid. 
WAX,  Cera  —  w.  Ear,  Cerumen. 
WAX,  MYRTLE.  A  wax  obtained  from  the 
fruit  of  Myri'ca  cerif'era.  It  has  been  prescribed 
in  dysentery. 

Wax  Yellow  and  Wjiite,  Cera  flava  et  alba. 

WAXING  KERNELS,  Crescen'tiw,  (F.)  Grois- 

aauces,  Croissants,  Glandea  de  croissance,     A  po- 


pular term  for  small  tumours,  formed  by  an  en- 
largement of  the  lymphatic  glands — in  the  groins 
of  children  particularly.  They  have  been  looked 
upon  as  connected  with  the  growth  of  the  body, 

—  hence  their  name. 

WAY,  Saxon  waeg.  Via,  Passage,  Odos,  (F.) 
Voie.     A  name  given  to  different  canals. 

WAYS,  DIGESTIVE,  Digestive  Pas' sages, 
PrimcB  Vice,  {V.)Voies  digestives,  Premieres  voies, 
are  the  series  of  hollow  organs  of  digestion,  com- 
posed of  mouth,  oesophagus,  stomach,  and  small 
and  large  intestines.  The  term  is  often  restricted 
to  the  first  three  of  these. 

Ways,  Second,  Second  Passages,  Secwn'dm 
vicB,  (F.)  Secondes  voies,  comprise  the  chyliferous, 
lymphatic  and  blood  vessels. 

WEAKSIGHTEDNESS,  Asthenopia. 

WEAL,  Wheal. 

WEANING,  from  Saxon  Penan,  'to  wean;' 
Ahlacta'tio,  Apogalactis'mus,  (F.)  Sevrage.  The 
act  of  depriving  the  infant,  permanently,  of  the 
breast,  in  order  to  feed  it  on  other  and  more 
solid  nourishment. 

Weaning  Brash,  see  Brash,  weaning. 

WEATHERCOCKS,  Impatiens. 

WEB,  MUSCULAR,  Panniculus  carnosus. 

WEB-EYE,  Caligo. 

WEDGED,  (D.)  wegghe,  Inchi'svs,  Inla'- 
rens,  (F.)  Enclavee.  The  head  of  the  foetus  la 
said  to  be  wedged  in  the  pelvis,  when  it  remains 
fixed,  notwithstanding  the  uterine  efforts. 

The  condition  is  called  Ineunea' tio  seu  Tncla- 
va'tio  fcetus,  Spheno'sis,  Inharens,  (F.)  Enclave- 
ment.     See  Paragomphosis. 

WEED,  see  Mastitis  —  w.  in  the  Breast,  see 
Mastitis  —  w.  Dyer's,  Reseda  luteola  —  w.  Field, 
Aiithemis  cotula — w.  Horsefly,  Sophora  tinctoria 

—  w.  Milk,  Apocynum  androsaemifolium  —  w. 
Soldiers',  Matico — w.  Silver,  PotentUla  anserina. 

WEEPING,  Fletus. 

WEIGHT,  from  Saxon  psesan,  'to  weigh;' 
(F.)  Pesanieur.  A  sensation  of  heaviness  or 
pressure  over  the  whole  body,  or  over  a  part  — 
the  stomach  or  head,  for  example. 

WEIGHTS  AND  MEASURES,  Pon'dera  et 
Mensu'rce,  (F.)  Poids  et  Mesures.  The  importance 
of  possessing  a  uniform  system  of  weights  and 
measures  has  impressed  the  scientific  of  all  coun 
tries,  and  numerous  endeavours  have  been  made 
to  accomplish  the  object.  It  is,  however,  a  mat- 
ter of  considerable  difficulty,  and  one  not  likely 
to  be  attained.  The  new  French  measures  are  • 
are  upon  decidedly  the  best  footing,  but  they  are 
not  adopted  out  of  France.  The  greatest  diver- 
sity prevails  over  Europe  in  the  measures,  both 
of  weight  and  capacity.  Some  of  the  following 
tables  will  show,  that  every  subdivision  of  the 
pound,  as  well  as  the  pound  itself,  differs  in  Eng- 
land and  in  France. 

WEIGHTS. 

Troy  Weight,  as  used  by  the  British  Apothecaries, 
— Pondus  pharmaceii'ticzim  seu  medicinal. 


['12  ounces. 
I    8  drachms, 
■j    .3  scruples. 
I  20  grains. 
The  grain  gr. 

These,  and  the  signs  by  which  they  are  denoted; 
are  the  same  in  all  the  British  Pharmacopoeias, 
as  well  as  in  the  American. 


The  jionnd  ft) 

The  ounce     3 

The  drachm  3  \  contains 

The  scrvplel^ 


lb. 

Oz. 

Drm's.     Scrup.         Ors. 

1 

=  12 

=  9(i  =  288  ==  5700 

1 

=   8  =   24  =   480 

1  =    3  =    60 

1  =   20 

"WEiaHTS  917 

•  Poids  de  Marc. 

The  pound   1  f  16  ounces. 

The  ounce     \  |    8  drachms. 

The  drachm  J-  contains  <(    3  scruples. 
The  scruple  I  |  24  grains. 

The  grain    J  l_ 

Avoirdupois. 

Pound,      Ounces.  Drachms.   Troy  grains. 
lb.  1.    =    16    =    25G    =    7000 
1    =      16    =      4375 

1    =        27.34375 

The  avoirdupois  drachin  is  sometimes  divided 
into  three  scruples,  and  the  scruple  into  ten 
grains.  The  pound  of  76S0  grains  avoirdupois 
=  7000  grains  troy,  and  hence  1  grain  troy  = 
.97  grain  avoirdupois. 

The  Poids  de  JIarc  is  that  employed  by  the 
French  Pharmaciens,  when  the  new  weights  are 
not.  The  Avoirdupois  is  now  used  by  the  Dub- 
lin College. 

The  following  tables  exhibit  the  relative  value 
of  the  old  Prench  and  English  weights  : 

Poids  de  Marc.     Troy  Wt.  Avoird.  Troy  grs. 

1  pd.  [livre)  =  1.31268»     =  1.080143/6  =  7561 
1  oz.  [once)  =    .984504oz  =  1.060143oz  =   472.5625 
1  dr.  (£-ros.)  =    .954504dr  =  59.0703125 

1  gr.  =.  .820421 


WEIGHTS 


Troy. 

Poids  de  Mure. 

French  grains 

1  pound 
1  ounce 
1  drachm 
1  grain 

=      0.76180  lb. 
=      1.01574  once 
=      1.01574  gros 

=      7561 
==        585.083 
=          73.135 
1.219 

Avoirdupois. 
1  pound 
1  ounce 

Poids  de  Marc. 
=      0.925803  lb. 
=      0.925803  once 

French  grains 
=      8532.3 
=       533.27 

To  convert  French  grains  into  Troy  \ 

grains,  divide  by  ( 

Troy   grains   into  French  C 

grains,  multiply  by  ; 

French  ounces  into  Troy  j 

ounces,  divide  by  f 

Troy  ounces  into  French  f 

ounces,  multiply  by  J 

French    pounds  (poids  de'\ 


1.2189 


1.015734 


marc)  into  Troy  pounds, 
multiply  by  y     1.31268 

Troy  pounds  into  French  I 
pounds,  divide  by  J 


Troy  grain. 
1 
2 
3 

4 
5 
6 

7 


French  grain. 
1 
2 
3 
4 
5 


Poids  de  Marc  or 
French  grain. 
1.219 
2.438 
3.657 
4.876 
6.095 
7.314 
8.533 
9.752 
10.971 

Troy  grain. 
0.8203 
1.6406 
2.4609 
3.2812 
4.1015 
4.9218 
5.7421 
6.5624 
7.3827 


JVew  French  Decimal  or  3Ietrical  Weights. 


Milligramme  => 
Centigramme  = 
Decigramme  = 
Gramme  = 

Decagramme     = 
Hectogramme  = 
Kilogramme     =    15434.0234 
Myriagramme  =  154340.2344 


TVoy  grains. 
:0154 
.1543 
1.5434 
15.4340 
154.3402 
1543.4023 


lb.  01.  dr.  gr. 

0  0    2     34.4 

0  3     1     44.4 

2  8    ]     24 

26  9    6      0 


Comparative  Value  of  the  French  Medicinal 
Pound  and  that  of  other  Places, 

lbs.  oz.  dr.  gr. 

Germanv  0  15  4  48 

Amsterdam 1  00  0  42 

Belgium 1  00  0  42 

Berne 1  00  0  00 

Copenhagen  ...  0  15  3  20J 

Florence 0  11  0  50    divided  into  12  oz. 

Genoa 0  10  5  60        do.     into  12  oz, 

Geneva 1  00  0  18 

Hamburg 0  15  2  15 

Lisbon 0  15  7  68 

London  0  12  3  12    divided  into  12  oz. 

Madrid 0  15  0  16 

Milan 0  9  3  00 

Monaco 0  15  2  23 

Naples 0  10  7  54    divided  into  12  oz. 

Paris 1  00  0  00    divided  into  16  oz. 

Rome 0  11  0  50        do.      into  12  oz. 

Stockholm 0  13  7      8 

United  States..  0  12  3  12    divided  into  12  oz. 

Warsaw 1  10  4  24 

Venice 0  8  6  00 

Vienna 1  2  2  32 

MEASURES    OF    CAPACITY. 
English  Measure  of  Fluids. 
The  gallon  (con gius).  ")  f   8  pints. 

The  ^iimt  (octarius)  ..        Q  I  I  16  fluidouncca. 

The  fluidouace f  5  [.contains-^    8  fluidrachms. 

The  fiuidrachm f  ^  j  I  60  minims. 

The  minim TTLj  i 

Proportions  of  the  Apothecaries'  and  Wine  Gallon. 

Oal.  Pints.  Fluidoz.     Fluidr.      Minims.    Cub.  iiiches. 
1    =    8    =     128    =     1024    =     61440    =    231 

1    =      16    ==       128    =       7680    =      28,875 
1    =         8    =        480     =        1.8047 
1    =  60     =  .2256 

Imperial  Measure,  adopted  hi/  the  London   Col- 
lege in  their  Pharmacopoeia  of  1S36. 

Gallon.      Pints.   Fluidounces.     Fluidr.  Minims. 

1      =.      8      =      160      =      1280  =  76800 

1      =        20      =        160  =  9600 

1      =           8  =  480 

1  =  60 

Comparative    Value   of  the   Proportions   of  ihii 
Wine  and  Imperial  Gallons. 


Wine. 


Pints. 


Imperial. 
Fluidoz.     Fluidr. 


1  gallon  = 

1  pint  = 

1  fluidounce  = 

1  fluidrachm  =■ 


Minims. 

23 

18 

20 

24 


Imperial. 


1  gallon 
1  pint  = 

1  fluidounce  = 
1  fluidrachm  = 


Gallon. 
=  1 


Wine. 

Pint.    Fluidoz.  Fluidr.  Minim. 

19  5  8 

1  3  1  38 

7  41 

58 


French  Measures  of  Capacity. 


Millilitre  = 

Centilitre  = 

Decilitre  = 

Litre  = 

Decalitre  = 

Hectolitre  = 
Kilolitre 


English  cubic  inches. 

=  .061028  = 

=  .610280  = 

=  6.102800  = 

=  61.028000  = 

=        010.280000  = 
6102.800000 
61028.000000 


Wine  Measurt. 
16.2318  minima. 
2.7053  fluidra'ihnifl. 
3.3816  fluidounces. 
2.1135  pints. 
2.6419  gallons. 


Myrialitre  =  610280.000000 

Approximate  comparison  hetween  tlie  amnent 
French  Ifeasures  of  Capacity,  and  the  %eio, 
and  conversely. 

Grammes.    Litres.  Decilitres.  Centilitres. 
1  poisson        =    125     or     0  1  2 

1  demi-setier  =    250      or      0  2  5 

1  chopine       =    500     or     0  5  0 

1  vinte  —  1000     or      1  0  0 


WEIGHTS 


918 


WEIGHTS 


Orammes,  lbs.  oz.  dr.  gr. 

i  centilitre  =     10  or  0    0    2^    00 

1  decilitre  =    100   or   0    3     2      00  [pints. 

1  litre         =1000  or  2    0    3      36  =  2.1 13  Eng.  wine 


Measures  of  Length, 

1  line,  the  12th  part  of  an  inch. 

3  barleycorns 

A  pabn  or  hand's  breadth  (Scripture  mea- 

B(ire     ..-..., - 

A  hand  (horse  measure) 

A  span  (Scripture  measure) 

A  foot 

A  cubit  (Scripture  measure  for  common 

purposes) 

A  cubit  (Scripture  measure  for  sacred  pur- 
poses)   - 

AFlemish  ell 

A    yard 3  ft 

A  n  English  ell 3  " 

A  fathom  ox  toise 6  " 


Inches. 

1.000 

3.648 
4.0U0 
10.944 
12.000 

18.000 

21.888 
27.000 
.00 
09 
00 


Neio  French  Measures  of  Length. 
English  inches. 


Millimetre 

0.039 

Centimetre 

0.393 

Decimetre 

3.937 

yd. 

ft. 

inch 

Metre 

39.371 

=        1 

0 

3.37 

VALUES    OF   THE    GRECIAN,  EOMAN,  AND    AKABIAS 
WEIGHTS  AND  MEASURES  IN  POIDS  DE  MARC. 

1.  Weights  of  the  Ancient  Greelcs. 

lbs.    oz.   dr.  gr 

The  talent  (raXavTov) 54      2      5  24 

The  mi7ia  (IJtiva) 14      3  40 

The  drachm  {(ipa'xyn) 1  H 

The  obolus  {olSoXos) 13 

4 

2 


The  ceration  (KtpaTiov'). 
Tlie  chalcus  (T(;aX)fOUf)  . 
The  septon  {atmov)   . . . 


2.  Weights  of  the  Ancient  Romans. 


oz.    dr. 


gr- 


The  pound  (libra) 10      6 

The  ounce  (uncia) '. 7       16 

The  duella 2      29 

The  sicilicus 1      58 

The  sextula  1      14 

The  consular  denier,  denarius 1        2 

The  imperial  denier  or  drachm,  drachma 65 

The  victoriatus 37 

The  scriptulum  or  scruple 21 

The  obolus 11 

The  siliqua 4 

The  Greeks  divided  their  obelus  into  chalci 
and  ler)ta :  some  divided  it  into  6  chalci,  and 
each,  chalcus  into  7  1epta;  others  into  8  chalci, 
and  every  chalcus  into  8  lepta  or  rninuta. 

Dr.  Milligan,  in  his  edition  of  Celsus,  gives  the  following  table,  exhibiting  the  Troy  weight  of 
measures  of  capacity  and  of  weight  in  use  amongst  the  Romans. 


Urna. 

Amphora 2    = 

Urna 1    = 

Con'^ius y    ■= 

Sextarius 

Libra 

Hemina 

Acetabuhim ■ 

Sesqui-cyathus 

(Jyathus 

Sescuncia 


Libra. 
80  = 
40  = 
10  = 
12-3  = 
1        = 


Uncia. 
960 
480 
120 

20 

12 


Denarius 
=  6720 
=  3360 
=  840 
=  140 
=        84 


14-7  = 
2  1-7  = 
2  1-7  = 
13-7  = 


60  = 
15  = 
15    = 

10  = 
lOi  = 

7    = 


Scrupulus. 

=    201C0  = 

=     10080  = 

=      2540  = 

420  = 

252  = 

ISO  = 

45  = 


Sextans. 
40320    : 
26160    . 
5040    = 
840    ■■ 
504    ■■ 
360    . 
90 
90 
60 
63 
42 
15 
6 


Uncia 1 

Cochleare 2J  =  7J 

Drachma 1    =  3 

Denarius 1    =  3    =  6 

Scrupulus 1    =^  2 

Scrupulus  dimidiatus i=  1 

Obolus 1 

Sextans 1 

Chalcus - 


Chalcus. 

403200 

210600 

50400 

8400 

5040 

3600 

900 

900 

600 

630 

420 

150 

60 

60 

20 

10 

10 

10 

1 


He  gives  also  the  following  '  Carmen  Mnemoni- 
cuni'  which  exhibits  the  analogies  of  the  Roman 
and  British  imperial  weights. 

STo  tlie  consius  anti  sallon,  eacf),  ten  pountis 

allotD, 
®tt  tlie  i)usi[)el  anti  ampljora  eiijlitj  bcstoto ; 
Silomc's  jioun'b,  as  m  STrog  toeiQljt,  ttnclbe 

ounces  obtains, 
aSut  ijet  ounce  is  Stboirtfuipois,  sttictls,  fn 

Brains : 
3Benarii  tirams,  scrujjles  scrujplt  trcffnc, 
-Scptarfus  anstocrs  to  cur  hottle  of  toine, 
^nTi    Vt)Z   mna's   a   sjjort   jfnt  —  fourteen 

ounces  trx  fine. 

3.  Weights  said  to  be  of  the  Arabians,  3fodern 
Greeks,  and  Latins  of  the  barbarous  periods  of 
the  Middle  Ages. 


Grana. 
420480 
2)0240 
52920 
^■760 
5256 
3759 
939 
939 
626 
657 
438 
156 
62  4-7 
62  4-7 
20  2-3 
10  1-3 
10  1-? 
10  1-3 
ll-3t 

oz.  dr.  gr 
30 


The  Jllexandrian  bean  or  tremessis. . 

The  Greek  bean   or  gramme,  the  kermet, 

gonum,  harmi,  gracchus 21 

The  ring,  cumulus,  seminet,  onolosich,  one- 

lossat 11 

The  danich 8 

The  kirat,  alkilat,  kararit 4 


The  alchemion 14 

The  manes  or  aminos 10 

Sacros,  augbhen,  adar,  assatil 

The  great  or  royal  nut 

The  sextarius,  stater 

The  lesser  nut 

Mliovanuf     

Jturevi,  jjlcobolus 

The  haze',  nut.  bendacate,  holca,  alchi,  dar- 

chimt,  atos'ochilos.  ologinat,  naback 

The  acorn,  lupine,  Egyptian  or  Syrian  bean, 

the  bachil 


oz.  dr.  gr. 


3 

40 

6 

28 

7 

16 

3 

44 

3 

44 

2 

50 

o 

29 

2 

14 

1.   Greek  Measures. 


lbs.  oz.  dr.  gr. 


84 


The  metretes  (iitTprjTrji) 

The  chus,  choa,  congius  (X°"5) 7  0 

The  xestes  {ItuTrii)  1  1 

The  cotyla  {Korv^rf) 8 

The  tetrarton  (Terpaprov) 4 

The  oxybaphon  (o^vPa<pov) 2 

The  cyathos  (Kvados) 1 

The  concha  (Koyxv) 

The  mystron  (jivaTpov) 

The  chama  minor  {Xtf^v) 

Tlie  cochliarion  {KO)(\tapiov) 

2.  Roman  Measures  of  Capacity, 

lbs.  oz. 

The  amphora  or  cadus 56  2 

The  urna 28  1 

The  congius 7  0 

The  sextarius 1  4 

The  hemina 10 

The  quartarius 5 

The  acetabulum 2 

Tlie  cyathus  or  small  glass 1 

i  The  ligula  or  spoonful 


dr.  gr. 
7  24 
3  48 
2  66 
7  44 
1     18 


"WEILBACH 


919 


"WIESSAU 


3.  ileamres  said  to  be  of  the  Arabian,  Arabist, 
and  Latin  Physicians  of  the  Middle  Ages. 

lbs.  oz.  dr.  gr. 

The  missohaos  weighed 3  8    1  33 

Aben.  kirt,  ejub,  eberia,  or  Roman  mina. .   1  6    0  00 

The  phial,  knffilius,  or  hassiliiius 10     1  18 

The  calix  or  rejelati 5    0  44 

The  handful,  pugillum,  cormisum 3    2  68 

The  hassiif,  aesasse,  or  anesime 2    4  20 

T!ie  conos  or  coatus,  alcantxis  or  almunesi, 

briale  cuabus 1    5  34 

The  lesser  bachates 5  56 

The  largest  spoovful 4  44 

A  spoovful 1  52 

The  co/anos  or  reclanarium 1  28 

A  small  spoonful  or  flagerina,  or  cyanes.  1  11 

The  smallest  spoonful  or  fahaliel 42 

A  good  section  on  weights  and  measures  is 
contained  in  the  edition  of  "The  Seven  Books 
of  Paulus  ^gineta,"  by  Mr.  Francis  Adams, 
published  by  the  Sydenham  Society  of  London, 
vol.  iii,  p.  609,  London,  1S47. 

Besides  the  weights  and  measures  above  men- 
tioned, employed  by  the  moderns,  there  are  modes 
of  estimating  the  quantities  of  substances  by  ap- 
proximation.    For  example :  — 
A  glassful  or  ciqful,  ((P.)  Verre,)  is  reckoned  to 

contain  4  or  5  fluidounces. 
A  wine-glassful,  1^  ounce  or  two  ovxnces. 
A  table-spoonful,  ( (E.)  Cuiller  a  bouche,)  about 
half  an  ounce. 

A  coffee  or  dessert-spoonful,  about  3  drachms. 
A  tea-spoonful,  a  fluidrachm. 
A  handful,  manijmlus,  ({¥.)  Poignee,)  as  much 

as  can  be  held  in  the  hand. 
The  Pugillus  ( (F.)  Pincee)  is  as  much  as  can  be 
held  by  the  three  iingcrs. 
These  last  quantities  are  occasion  ally  prescribed 
by  the  French  practitioners.  Their  weights  must, 
of  course,  vary,  according  to  the  article.  The 
authors  of  the  Parisian  codex  have  valued  them, 
as  regards  certain  substances. 

French. 
oz.    dr. 

A  Jl/an?;)«Z«s  of  barley  weighs 3      2i 

■'  linseed 1      4 

"  linseed  meal 3      3 

"  dried  mallow  leaves 1      3 

"  dried  cicliory  leaves 1      0 

"  flowers  of  ihe  tilia 1      2^ 

dr.  scr.    gr. 
A  Pugillus  of  chamomile  flowers  weighs  2 

"              arnica 1  2 

"              marsh-mallow  ]  1 

"              mallow 60 

"              fennel  seeds 1      CO 

"              aniseed 1  1^      CO 

A  hen's  egg,  newly  laid,  weighs  about  2  ounces 
and  2  drachms:  when  deprived  of  its  shell,  2 
ounces.  The  lohite  weighs  1  ounce,  2  drachms, 
and  57  grains  :  the  yolh,  5  drachms  and  15  grains. 

WEILBACH,  MINERAL  AYATERS  OF. 
The  village  of  Weilbach  is  in  the  plain  between 
the  Maine  and  the  southern  extremity  of  the 
Taunus  hills.  It  has  in  its  neighbourhood  a  cold 
sulphureous  alkaline  spring,  the  water  of  which  is 
bottled  and  exported,  although  not  of  great  effi- 
cacy. Its  use  is  at  times  combined  with  that  of 
the  saline  springs  in  Nassau,  and  of  Baden-Ba- 
den, in  various  chronic  abdominal  and  thoracic 
affections. 

WELD,  Reseda  luteola. 

WELK,  Whelk.  An  inequality;  a  protube- 
rance; a  cutaneous  eruption  of  this  character. 
Acne. 

WE M DING,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
These  waters  are  situate  about  four  leagues  from 
Donawert  in  Bavaria.  They  contain  sulphuretted 
hydrogen ;  carbonates  of  lime,  magnesia,  and 
st>da;  sulphates  of  lime  and  magnesia;  a  little 


chloride  of  calcium,  and  oxide  of  iron ;  and  aro 
much  used  in  asthenic  diseases. 

WEN,  Sax.  ten,  Lu'pia,  Tumour,  (F.)  Loup, 
A  name  given  to  circumscribed,  indolent  tumours, 
without  inflammation  or  change  of  colour  of  the 
skin.  They  may  be  met  with  in  almost  every 
part  of  the  body.  Their  magnitude,  as  well  as 
nature,  is  very  variable.  The  term  is  sometimes 
given  to  an  encysted  tumour,  and  to  bronchocele. 

WESTERN  ISLANDS,  Azores. 

WEST  INDIES,  (CLIMATE  OF.)  The  cli- 
mate of  the  AYest  Indies  has  long  been  regarded 
as  favourable  to  the  consumptive.  In  confirmed 
consumption,  it  appears,  however,  to  be  positively 
injurious.  As  a  prophylactic  for  those  predis- 
posed to  consumption,  it  is  generally  favourable. 
The  nature  of  the  patient's  constitution,  in  re- 
gard to  the  effects  of  elevated  temperature,  has 
alwaj's  to  be  taken  into  account.  In  diseases 
that  are  benefited  by  warm  climates,  the  West 
Indies  afford  an  appropriate  residence.  The  isl- 
ands in  which  the  invalid  can  best  obtain  all  the 
advantages  of  the  climate,  are  Jamaica,  Barbadoes, 
St.  Vincents,  Antigua,  St.  Kitts,  and  Santa  Cruz. 

WHAHOO,  see  Euonymus. 

WHEAL,  Weal,  Wale.  A  ridge,  or  elevation 
of  the  skin,  produced  by  a  rod  or  whip ;  or  as  if 
produced  in  that  manner.  Such  elevations  are 
seen  in  urticaria. 

WHEAT,  Tritieum — w.  Indian,  Zea  mays — w. 
Turkey,  Zea  mays. 

WHELK,  Acne,  Welk  — w.  Chin,  Sycosis— w. 
Rosy,  Gutta  rosea, 

WHEY,  Serum  lactis — w.  Mustard,  see  Sinapis 
— w.  Rennet,  see  Serum  lactis — w.  Tamarind,  see 
Tamarindus — w.  Vinegar,  see  Acetum — w.  Wine, 
Wine  whey. 

WHIFFING  MURMUR,  see  Murmur,  respi- 
ratory. 

WHISKY,  see  Spirit.  A  spirituous  liquor  ob- 
taiaed  from  oats,  potatoes,  <fec.,  by  distillation. 

Whisky  Liver,  Liver,  nutmeg. 

WHIS'PERING;  evidently  an  onomatopoeia 
(hooisp'ervng),  Susurra'tio,  Susurra' tion.  Articu- 
lation of  the  air  sent  through  the  vocal  tube 
without  any  action  of  the  glottis. 

WHISTLING,  Sif/lement,  see  Rale  sibilant. 

WHITE,  Flake,  Plumbi  subcarbonas. 

White  Ball,  Cephalanthus  oecidentalis — w. 
Leaf,  Pyrola  maculata.  Spiraea  tomentosa  —  w. 
Leg,  Phlegmatia  dolens — w.  Matter  of  the  brain, 
see  Cerebrum  —  w.  Root,  Angelica  lucida,  Ascle- 
pias  tuberosa. 

White,  Spanish,  Bismuth,  subnitrate  of. 

White  Swelling,  Hydrarthrus  —  w.  Swelling 
of  lying-in  women,  Phlegmatia  dolens — w.  Sub- 
stance of  Schwann,  see  Nerve  fibre — w.  Sulphur, 
see  Virginia,  mineral  waters  of — w.  Weed,  Chry- 
santhemum leucanthemum — w.  Wood,  Lirioden- 
dron,  Tilia. 

WHITENESS  OF  COMPLEXION,  Paleness. 

WHITES,  THE,  Leucorrhrea, 

WHITLEYA  STRAMONIFOLIA,  Anisodus 
luridus. 

WHITLOW,  Paronychia. 

WHOOPING-COUGH,  Pertussis. 

WHORLYWORT,  Leptandria  purpurea. 

WHORTLEBERRY,  Vaccinium  myrtillu^, 
Vaccinium  vitis  idaea  —  w.  Bears',  Arbutus  uva 
ursi. 

WHORTS,  BLACK,  Vaccinium  myrtillus. 

WIDOW- WAIL,  Cneorum  tricoccum,  Daphna 
Alpina, 

WIESBADEN,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF, 
S6G  TVis^jnclGD. 

WIESSAUJ  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  These 
waters  are  situate  about  four  leagues  from  the 
convent  of  Waldsassen  in  Bavaria.   They  contain 


WILD 


920 


WINE 


earlDonic  acid;  carbonates  of  lime  and  magnesia; 
chlorides  of  calcium,  magnesium,  and  aluminum; 
carbonate  of  soda,  and  much  oxide  of  iron.  The 
Bavarians  consider  them  to  resemble  the  waters 
of  Pyrmont. 

WILD,  Sax.  pil&,  (D.)  Wild.  An  epithet 
given  to  the  countenance,  ivhen  not  in  harmony 
,with  the  condition  of  the  individual,  and  indica- 
ting strong  mental  emotion;  —  a  wild  look,  (F.) 
fhysiognomie  egaree. 

WILDBAD,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Wild- 
bad  is  a  small  town  of  Wurtemberg,  three  Ger- 
man miles  from  Baden-Baden.  It  is  much  fre- 
quented as  a  watering-place.  The  water  is  ther- 
mal, from  95°  to  100°  of  Fahr.,  and  is  much  em- 
ployed in  cases  in  which  thermal  waters  are  indi- 
cated. It  is  used  internally,  a  pint  not  con- 
taining more  than  a  grain  of  solid  ingredients, 
which  consist  of  salts  of  soda  and  lime.  The 
proportion  of  carbonic  acid  gas  is  verv  small. 

WILDUNGEN,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Wildungen  is  situate  a  few  miles  from  Cassel  in 
Germany.  In  its  neighbourhood  are  several  mi- 
neral springs ;  the  chief  of  which,  according  to 
Stucke,  contain  a  bituminous  matter;  chloride 
of  sodium  and  sulphate  of  soda;  carbonate  and 
sulphate  of  lime,  &c.  They  are  used,  chiefly,  as 
refrigerants. 

WILL,  Voluntas. 

WILLOW,  Salix. 

Willow  Herb,  common,  Lythrum  salicaria — 
w.  Herb,  great,  Epilobium  augustifolium  —  w. 
Herb,  purple,  Lythrum  salicaria — w.  Herb,  pur- 
ple veined,  Epilobium  coloratum. 

Willow,  Low-bush,  Salix  humilis — w.  Speck- 
led, Salix  humilis  —  w.  Red,  Cornus  sericea — w. 
Rose,  Cornus  sericea — w.  Sweet,  Myriea  gale. 

WIND,  Sax.  t)in&,  Ventus,  An'emos,  (F.)  Vent. 
Winds  exert  considerable  influence  on  the  animal 
economy ;  acting  by  their  temperature,  which 
necessarily  modifies  that  of  the  circumambient 
air,  as  well  as  by  their  moisture  or  dryness,  and 
by  the  emanations  of  different  kinds,  which  they 
transport  to  greater  or  less  distances.  The  winds 
which  blow  over  a  considerable  extent  of  country, 
are  dry  and  serene :  those  which  come  from  the 
ocean  are  moist  and  chilly. 

Wind  Dropsy,  Emphysema,  Tympanites  —  w. 
Flower,  Anemone — w.  Pipe,  Trachea — w.  Root, 
Asclepias  tuberosa. 

WINDINESS,  Flatulence. 

WINDY,  Flaiulen'tus,  Flat'ulent,  Va'pouroue, 
(F.)  Venteux.  That  which  causes  wind  or  flatu- 
lence ;  also,  that  which  is  caused  by  wind  or  flatu- 
lence; as  windy  food,  vnndy  colic,  &c.  Also, 
one  affected  with  flatulence,  or  who  is  '  troubled 
with  the  wind.' 

WINE,  Sax.  bin,  (G.)  Wein,  originally,  per- 
haps, from  oivos,  ffi/ios,  Vinum,  (F.)  Vin.  A  name 
given  by  chymists  to  all  liquors  that  have  become 
spirituous  by  fermentation.  The  term  is  gene- 
rally, however,  restricted  to  the  fermented  juice 
of  the  grape,  or  of  fruits,  the  product  of  whose 
fermentation  resembles,  in  almost  all  respects, 
that  of  the  juice  of  the  grape.  Wine  is  composed 
of  alcohol;  saccharine  matter;  malic  acid;  tar- 
taric acid ;  bitartrate  of  potass ;  acetic  acid ;  an 
extractive  colouring  matter,  more  or  less  bitter, 
and  jiartly  resinous ;  and  sometimes  of  an  aro- 
matic substance.  The  extractive  colouring  mat- 
ter is  chiefly  met  with  in  red  wines.  All  these 
constituents,  except  the  alcohol,  are  found  ready 
formed  in  the  grapo  The  alcohol  proceeds  from 
the  decomposition  of  the  saccharine  matter.  A 
part  of  the  acetic  acid  is  also  formed  during  fer- 
luentation. 

Tlie  following  table,  drawn  up  by  Mr.  Brande, 
<f\bibits  the  (Quantity  of  spirit  in  different  kinds 


of  wine  and  liquors.  It  is  proper,  however,  to 
remark,  that  many  of  these  wines  are  prepared 
for  the  London  market,  and  are  more  brandied,  or 
"reinforced,"  than  the  same  varieties  sold  in  the 
United  States.  This  is  strikingly  the  case  with 
port.  Dr.  Henderson,  too,  has  remarked,  that 
some  of  the  wines  analyzed  by  Mr.  Brande  were 
mixed  with  a  considerable  quantity  of  adventi- 
tious alcohol.  Dr.  Henderson's  additions  and 
corrections  have  the  letter  H.  affixed. 

Proportion  of  Alcohol,  s.  g.  0.825,  in  one  hundred 
parts  by  measure  of  the  following  wines,  and 
Malt  AND  Spirxtuods  Liquors. 

1.  Lissa 26.47 

Do 24.35 

Average,  (a)  25.41 

2.  EaisinWine 2G.40 

Do 25.77 

Do 2:). 20 

Average,  25.12 

3.  Marsala 26.03 

Do ; 25.05 

Average,  (i)  25.0'J 

4.  Port  —  average  of  six  kinds 23.48 

Do.  —  highest 25.83 

Do. —  lowest  21.40 

5.  Madeira 24.42 

Do 23.03 

Do.  (Sercial) 21.45 

Do in. 24 

Average,  22.27 

6.  Currant  Wine 20.55 

7.  Sherry 19.81 

Do 19.83 

Do 18.79 

Do 18.25 

Average,  19.17 

8.  Teneriffe 19.79 

9.  Colares 19.75 

10.  LacrymaCristi 19.70 

11.  Constantia  —  white 19.75 

red (c)  18.93 

12.  Lisbon 18.94 

13.  Malaga 18.94 

14.  Bucellas 18.49 

15.  Red  Madeira 22.30 

Do 18.40 

Average,  20.35 

16.  Cape  Muscat 18.25 

17.  Cape  Madeira 22.94 

Do 20.50 

Do 18.11 

Average,  20.51 

18.  Grape  Wine 18.11 

19.  Calcavella 19.20 

Do 18.10 

Average,  18.65 

20.  Vidonia 19.25 

21.  Alha  Flora 17.26 

22.  Malasa 17.26 

23.  White  Hermitage 17.43 

24.  Roussillon 19.00 

Do 17.26 

Average,  18.13 

25.  Claret 17.11 

Do 1 6 .32 

Do 14.08 

Do 12.91 

Average,  (d)  15  10 

26.  Malmsey  Madeira 16.40 

27.  Liinel 15.52 

28.  Scheraaz 15.5-2 

29.  Syracuse 15.28 

30.  Saiiterne 14.22 

31.  Burgundy 16.60 

Do 15.22 

Do 14.53 

Do - 11.9.5 

Average,  14.57 

32.  Hock 14.37 

Do 13.00 

Do.  (old  in  cask) 8.88 

Averaee,  12.08 

RudesheimerflSll) H.  10.72 

Do.          (1800) H.  12.22 

Average,  H.  11  47 

Johannisberger H.  8.71 

.3.3.  Nice 14.63 

.•^4.  Barsac 13.80 

"(o;  15.r0  11.    (i)  18.40  H.    (<•)  14  50  H.    (</}  12.S1  U. 


WINE 


921 


WOODS 


35. 

3(5. 


Tent 

Champagne  (still) 

Do.         (sparkling). 

Do.         (red) 

Do 


Red  Hermitage  . 
Vin  de  Grave. .. 
Do 


13.30 

13.80 

12.80 

12..5e 

11.30 

Average,  12.61 

12.32 

13.94 

12.80 
13.37 
12.79 
12.32 
11.84 


Average, 

Frontignac 

C6te  Rolie 

Gooseberry  Wine 

Orange  Wine— average  of  six  samples  made 

by  a  liondon  manufacturer 

Tokay  

Elder  Wine 

Rhenish  Wine H. 

Cider  —  highest  average 

Do.         lowest 

Perry  —  average  of  four  samples 

Mead 

Ale  (Burton) 

Do.  (Edinburgh)   

Do.  (Dorchester) 

Average, 

Brown  Stout 

London  Porter  —  average 

Do.     Small  Beer  —  average 

Brandy 

Rum  

Gin 

Scotch  Whisky 

Irish  do 


11.26 

9.88 
9.87 
8.71 
9.87 
5.21 
7. 2d 
7.32 
8  88 
6.20 
5.56 
6.87 
6.80 
4.20 
1.28 
53.39 
53.68 
51.60 
54.32 
53.90 


The  only  wine  recommended  in  some  pharma- 
copoeias is  Sherry,  Vinum,  Vinuni  album  His- 
}}an'icum,  Leucie'mts.  It  is  a  dry  wine;  the 
least  variable  in  its  properties,  and  agrees  best 
with  the  dyspeptic.  Other  wines  used  officinally 
are — Canary  or  SacJc  loine,  Vinum  Canari'nuni; 
Moimtuin,  loine,  Vinum  album  monta' niim ;  Tent 
wine;  Ehenish  wine,  Vinum  Ehena' nura ;  and 
Port  loine,  Vitium  rubruni  Portugal' licum. 

The  wines  habitually  drunk  are  almost  innu- 
merable. Those  that  are  sweet,  or  contain  a 
large  portion  of  free,  saccharine  matter,  are  de- 
cidedly the  least  wholesome  to  the  dyspeptic. 

When  wine  is  good,  and  of  a  proper  age,  it  is 
tonic  and  nutritive ;  when  new,  flatulent  and  ca- 
thartic, disagreeing  with  the  stomach  and  bowels. 
In  medicine,  it  is  a  valuable  tonic  in  the  last 
stage  of  typhus,  when  the  skin  is  not  too  hot  and 
dry.  Its  use,  however,  requires  great  caution ; 
and  when  once  commenced  under  proper  circum- 
stances, it  cannot  be  suddenly  dropped  without 
mischief.  It  is,  perhaps,  the  best  permanent 
stimulus  in  the  catalogue  of  the  materia  me- 
dica. 

Mulled  Wine  is  made  as  follows :  —  Take  of 
bruised  ciwnamon  2i  ;  half  a  nutoiec/ grated;  and 
ten  bruised  cloves.  Infuse  in  boiling  toater  Oss 
for  an  hour;  strain  and  add  sugar  gj.  Pour  the 
whole  into  a  pint  of  hot  Port  or  Sherry.  Useful 
in  adynamic  conditions. 

Wine,  Amin^ajt,  Amineeum  vinum  —  w.  of 
Aloes,  Vinum  aloes — w.  Antimonial,  Vinum  anti- 
monii  tartarizati — w.  Antiscorbutic,  Vinum  anti- 
scorbuticum  —  w.  Aromatic,  Vinum  aromaticum 
^w.  Bark,  compound,  Vinum  de  kina  kina  com- 
positum — w.  Barley,  Cerevisia — w.  Bitter,  diure- 
tic, Vinum  diuretieum  amarum. 

WiN'K  Bitters,  Vinttm  gentia'ncB  composifum. 
The  formulae  for  these  may  be  various.  The  fol- 
lowing is  as  good  and  as  agreeable  as  any.  {Bad. 
gentian,  ibj,  cort.  ojiranf.  ^x,  sem.  cardam.  cont. 
^iv,  cinnam.  cort.  §iv,  wine,  foreign  or  domestic, 
three  gallons  and  a  half.)  Tonic  and  stoma- 
chic. 

Wine,  Cedar,  Cedrinum  vinum  —  w.  Cham- 
pagne, Vinum  campanuin — w.  Chian,  Chium  vi- 
num—  w.  of  Colehicum,  Vinum  colchici  —  w.  of 
Colehicnm  seed,  Vinum  colchici  seminis  —  w.  of 
Ergot,  Vinum  ergotas — w.  of  Gentian,  compound, 


Vinum  gentianaj  compositum  —  w.  of  Hellebore, 
white,  Vinum  veratri  — w.  Ipecacuanha,  Vinum 
ipecacuanha; — w.  of  Iron,  Vinum  ferri — w.  Medi- 
cated, Vinum  medicinale  —  w.  Mulled,  see  Wine 
—  w.  of  Opium,  Vinum  opii  —  w.  Port,  Vinum 
Portugallicum  —  w.  Pullet,  Poulet,  vin  de — w.  of 
Quinia,  Vinum  quinia — w.  Rhubarb,  Vinum  rhei 
palmati  —  w.  Sherry,  Vinum  —  w.  Steel,  Vinum 
ferri  —  w.  Tobacco,  Vinum  tabaci. 

Wine  Whey,  White  Wine  Whey.  Take  of  good 
milJc  two-thirds  of  a  pint,  and  add  icater  to  make 
a  pint.  Take  of  sherry,  or  any  other  good  white 
icine,  two  glasses,  and  of  sugar  a  dessert-spoonful. 
Place  the  milk  and  water  in  a  deep  pan  on  the 
fire;  and  the  moment  it  boils,  pour  into  it  the 
wine  and  sugar.  Stir  assiduously  for  12  or  15 
minutes,  whilst  it  boils.  Lastly,  strain  through 
a  sieve. 

It  is  a  good  mode  of  giving  wine  in  adynamic 
states. 

Wine,  White,  see  Wine  —  w.  of  Wormwood, 
Vinum  absinthites. 

WING-SEED,  Ptelea  trifoliata. 

WINKING,  Scardamvgmus. 

WINTER-BARK  TREE,  Wintera  aromatioa 
— w.  Berry,  Virginia,  Prinos — w.  Berry,  smooth, 
Prinos  Iffivigatus  —  w.  Berry,  whorled,  Prinos. 

Winter  BLOOsr,  Ilamamelis  Virginiana  —  w. 
Cough,  Bronchitis,  chronic  —  w.  Green,  Gaulthe- 
ria  —  w.  Green,  round-leaved,  Pyrola — w.  Green, 
spotted,  Pyrola  maculata. 

WINTERA,  see  Wintera  aromatiea. 

Win'tera  Aromat'ica,  Drimys  Winteri,  Win- 
teru'na  aromat'ioa.  Winter-bark  Tree,  The  bark, 
Wintera  (Ph.  U.  S.),  Cortex  Wintera'nus,  Cortex 
Winteranus  Magellan'icus,  Cortex  Jlfagellan'icvs 
Cinnatiio'mum  Magellan' iciim,  (F.)  Ecoree  de  Win- 
ter, Cannelle  poivree,  is  very  much  allied  in  its 
properties  to  Canella  alba. 

WINTERANA  AROMATICA,  Wintera  aro- 
matiea. 

WISBADEN,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Wisbaden  is  a  town  of  Germany,  about  6  miles 
north  of  Mainz,  and  22  west  of  Frankfort.  It  has 
been  long  celebrated  for  its  hot  springs;  and  ia 
much  frequented.  There  are  numerous  cold  and 
thermal  springs, — the  former  containing  sulpho- 
hydric  acid;  the  latter  being  saline  and  acidulous. 
The  temperature  of  the  hot  springs  varies  from 
117°  to  160°  Fahr. 

WISMUTHUM,  Bismuth. 

WOAD,  Isatis  tinctoria. 

WOLFBANE,  Veratrum  viride. 

WOLFSBANE,  Aconitum— w.  Wholesome, 
Aconitum  anthora. 

WOLFSCLAW,  Lycopodium. 

WOLFSJAW,  see  Harelip. 

WOMANHOOD,  Mulieritas. 

WOMB,  Uterus— w.  Falling  down  of  the.  Pro- 
lapsus uteri. 

A¥oMB  Grain,  Ergot. 

Womb,  Laceration  of  the.  Uterus,  rupture  of 
the — w.  Tympany  of  the,  Physometra. 

WOOD,  BRAZIL,  CaBsalpinia  echinata  —  w. 
Elk,  Andromeda  arborea  —  w.  Fernambuco,  Cse-- 
salpinia  echinata. 

Wood-lice,  Onisei  aselli  —  w.  Nicaragua,  see 
Csesalpinia  —  w.  Peach,  see  Caesalpinia — w.  Per- 
nambuco,  Cajsalpinia  echinata — w.  Sampfen,  Ca;- 
salpinia  sappan — w.  Sappan,  Ca3salpinia  sappan 
—  w.  Sorrel,  Oxalis  acetosella  —  w.  Sour,  Andro- 
meda arborea  —  w.  Waxen,  Genista  tinctoria. 

WOODBINE,  COMMON,  Lonicera  periclyme- 
num. 

WOODROOF,  SWEET-SCENTED,  Asperula 
odorata. 

WOODS,  SUDORIF'IC,  {V .)  Bois  sudorifiquea. 
This  term  is  applied,  collectively,  to  the  g  iaJa>< 


WOORARA 


922 


WOUND 


cum,  sassafras,  china,  and  sarsaparilla ;   whicli 
are  often  used  together  to  form  the  sudorific  de- 
coction. 
WOORARA,  Curare. 

WORM,  see  Alembic,  Vermiform  process  —  w. 
Bark  tree,  Geoffraja  inermis  —  w.  Cakes,  Story's, 
see  Cakes,  worm.  Story's  —  w.  Disease,  Helmin- 
thiasis —  w.  Goosefoot,  Chenopodium  anthelmin- 
ticum — w.  Grass,  perennial,  Spigelia  Marilandica. 
Worm,  Guinea,  Dracunculus. 
Worm  Loz'enges,  Ching's.  Empirical  pre- 
parations, which  consist  of  yellow  and  brown 
lozenges.  The  former  are  directed  to  be  taken 
in  the  evening;  the  latter  on  the  following  morn- 
ing. The  Yellow  Lozenges.  {Saffron,  ^ss,  water, 
Oj ;  boil,  and  strain;  and  add  of  wJiite  panacea  of 
mercury,  (calomel  washed  in  spirit  of  wine,)  R)j, 
white  sugar,  28  lbs,  mucilage  of  gum  tragacanth 
q.  s.,  to  make  a  mass.  Divide,  so  that  each 
lozenge  may  contain  a  grain  of  the  panacea.) 
The  Brown  Lozenges.  (Panacea  §vij,  resin  of 
jalap  Ibiijss,  ichite  sugar  Ibix,  mucilage  of  gum 
tragac.  q.  s.  Each  lozenge  to  contain  gr.  ss  of 
the  panacea.) 

Worm  Lozenges,  Sherman's,  are  said  to  be 
composed  of  calomel,  gamboge,  and  sugar. 

Peters's  Worm  Lozenges  are  said  to  be  com- 
posed in  a  similar  manner. 

AVoRM  Root,  Spigelia  Marilandica  —  w.  Seed, 
Artemisia  santonica,  Chenopodium  anthelminti- 
cum  —  w.  Seed,  goosefoot,  Chenopodium  anthel- 
mintieum  —  w.  Weed,  Corsican,  Corallina  Corsi- 
cana,  Polanisia  graveolens — w.  Weed,  white,  Co- 
rallina—  w.  Wood,  biennial,  Artemisia  biennis — 
w.  Wood,  common,  Artemisia  absinthium  —  w. 
Wood,  creeping,  Artemisia  rupestris  —  w.  Wood, 
lesser,  Artemisia  Pontica  —  w.  Wood,  Roman, 
Artemisia  Pontica — w.  Wood,  Sea,  Artemisia  ma- 
ritima  —  w.  Wood,  silky,  Artemisia  glacialis. 

WORMIA'NA  OSSA  seu  OSSIC'ULA,  0. 
epacta'lia,  0.  raphogeminan'tia,  0.  triq'uetra,  0. 
triangula'ria  Bla'sii,  Glavca  calva'rias,  0.  sutu- 
ra'rum,  (F.)  Os  Wormiens,  Clefs  du,  crane,  Os 
ipiactaux,  Os  surnumeraires,  (Ch.),  Os  intercales, 
Os  triangulaires.  Small  bones,  which  are  some- 
times observable  in  the  sutures  of  the  bones  of 
the  cranium,  of  which  they  form  a  part.  They 
were  called  Wormiana,  from  Olaus  Wormius,  who 
is  said  to  have  iirst  described  them.  They  had 
been  previously,  however,  mentioned  by  G.  An- 
dernach,  a  physician  at  Strasburg.  The  Ossa 
Wormiana  exist  more  commonly  in  the  sutures 
of  the  vault  of  the  skull ;  especially  in  the  lamb- 
doidal,  sagittal,  and  squamous.  They  are  un- 
common at  the  base  of  the  skull.  Their  size  is 
very  variable,  and  shape  irregular.  Their  struc- 
ture and  development  are  similar  to  those  of  the 
other  bones  of  the  cranium;  and,  like  them,  they 
are  bounded  by  sutures. 

WORMS,  originally  from  (L.)  Vermes ;  Intes'- 
tinal  Wor?ns,  Entozo'a,  Entozoa'ria,  Enterozo'a, 
Endozo'a,  Vermes  intesti'ni,  Entelminth' a,  En- 
thelmin'thes,  Helmin'tM,  Hehninth'ia  Alvi,  H. 
owd'icis,  SplaneJinelmin'tha,  Entoparasites,  (F.) 
Vers,  Vera  intestinaux,  Entozoaires.  Animals 
whose  common  character  is  that  of  existing  only 
in  other  animals;  hence  their  name  entozoa,  irom 
tvTOi,  'within,'  and  ^uov,  'animal.'  They  are  met 
with,  not  only  in  the  natural  cavities,  but  even 
in  the  tissue  of  the  organs.  Cuvier,  Rudolphi, 
Brera,  Bremser,  Laennec,  and  others,  have  en- 
deavoured to  classify  them,  —  some  according  to 
thr  Ir  shape;  others,  according  to  their  anatomical 
characters. 

The  following  table  exhibits  the  entozoa,  which 
have  been  met  with  in  the  human  body,  and  their 
tt?uai  habitat : — 


Trichoceph'alus  dispar, 
Oxyu'ris  vermicula'ris, 
As'caris  lumbriooi'des, 
Bothrioceph'alus  latus, 
TaB'nia  so'lium, 
Ditrachyc'eras  rudis, 
Diploso'ma  crena'ta, 
Spirop'tera  hom'inis, 
Dactyl'ius  aculea'tus, 
Dis'toma  hepat'icum, 
Stron'gylus  gigas, 
Fila'ria  oo'uli, 
Acephalocyst'is  endog"eaa5 

Echinocoe'cus  hom'inis,  [ 

Polys'toma  pinguic'ola, 
Polys'toma  vena'rum  seu  san- 

guic  'ola,  Hexathyrid '  ium 

vena'rum, 
Fila'ria  bronchia'lis, 
Trichi'na  spira'lis,  "I 

Cysticer'cus  cellulo'sae,  J 

Acephalocyst'is  multif 'ida, 
Fila'ria  medinen'sis, 


IVhere  fauitd. 


Intestines. 


Urinary  bladdei. 

Gall  bladder. 

Kidney. 

Eye. 

Liver. 

Liver,  Spleen,  and 

Omentum. 
Ovary. 

Veins. 

Bronchial  glands. 

Muscles. 

Brain. 

Cellular  texture. 


The  most  common  of  these  are  : — the  Oxyures 
vermiculares,  Ascarides  lumbricoides,  and  Tasnia, 
which  are  found  in  the  intestines.  The  origin  of 
these  worms  is  extremely  singular,  and  more 
favourable  than  any  other  fact  to  the  hypothesis 
of  spontaneous  generation  in  the  lowest  tribes  of 
animated  nature.  They  are  certainly  not  iden- 
tical with  any  worms  out  of  the  body.  They  are 
most  commonly  met  with  in  children  improperly 
fed ;  but  their  presence  cannot  bo  positively  de- 
tected by  any  symptom,  except  that  of  the  dis- 
charge of  the  worms  themselves  in  the  evacua- 
tions. They  may,  of  course,  give  rise  to  every 
kind  of  irritation  in  the  intestinal  tube,  and  to 
sympathetic  disturbance  in  most  of  the  functions ; 
but  all  these  signs  may  be  produced  by  intestinal 
irritation  resulting  from  other  causes. 

Anthelmintics  or  vermifuges,  employed,  as  the 
name  imports,  for  their  removal,  may  be  of  two 
kinds — mechanical  and  true.  To  the  first  class — 
the  mechanical — belong  Emetics,  Purgatives,  Mu- 
cuna,  powdered  Tin,  &c.  To  the  latter — the  true 
anthelmintics,  —  Turpentine,  Chenopodium  anthcl- 
minticum,  Pink-root,  Semina  Santoniei,  &c.  Of 
these,  the  best  is  turpentine.  See  Oleum  tere- 
binthinae.  The  great  object,  however,  is  to  pre- 
vent their  generation.  This  must  be  done  by 
generous  diet,  fresh  air,  and  tonics,  where  ne- 
cessary. 

WORT,  Sax.  pypc,  Ifustum,  Tnfu'sum  Bynes 
seu  Bra'sii  seu  Mcdti,  (F.)  Iloilt  de  la  Biere.  An 
infusion  of  malt.  This  has  been  recommended 
in  scurvy.  One  measure  of  ground  malt  is  added 
to  three  equal  measures  of  boiling  water.  The 
mixture  must  be  well  stirred,  and  left  to  stand 
covered  three  or  four  hours.  Dose,  one  to  four 
pints,  daily.  It  has,  also,  been  recommended  in 
other  cases,  where  a  strong  putrescent  disposition 
appeared  to  prevail  in  the  lluids,  as  in  cancerous 
and  phagedenic  ulcers.     It  is  not  now  employed. 

WOUND,  Sax.  punS,  Vidnus,  Volnus,  (diminu- 
tive T^!i?n»»'c!(7Hm,)P^a^fl(,  Trauma,  Troma,  Tresis, 
Tresis  Vulnus,  Blabe,  Tymma,  (F.)  Plaie,  Bles- 
sure.  A  solution  of  continuity  in  the  soft  parts, 
produced  by  some  mechanical  agent.  Wounds 
present  innumerable  dilferences,  as  regards  their 
situation;  the  parts  interested;  their  direction; 
size;  shape;  the  nature  of  the  instrument  or 
agent  by  which  they  are  produced ;  their  more 
or  less  simple  or  complex  character,  duration,  &c. 
A  wound  is  called  incised,  (F.)  Coiipure,  Incision, 
when  made  by  a  cutting  instrument; — punctureUf 


WOURALI 


923 


XIPHOID 


Nygma,  (F.)  Piqure,  when  made  by  a  pointed 
instrument;  —  lacerated,  (P.)  DecMrnre,  Plaie 
par  arrachement,  when  the  parts  are  lacerated 
or  torn  by  the  wounded  body ;  poisoned,  Cellu- 
li'tia  venena'ta,  Necu'sia,  (F.)  Plate  envenimee, 
when  some  virulent  or  venomous  substance  has 
been  introduced; — and  contused,  (F.)  Plate  con- 
tuse, when  produced  by  a  blunt  body.  Gunshot 
wounds,  Sclopetopla'gcB,  Vid'nera  sclopeta'ria,  (F.) 
Plaies  d'armes  d  feu  ou  d'arquebusade,  Coup  de 
feu,  belong  to  the  last  division. 

WOURALI,  Curare. 

WOURARI,  Curare. 

WOURARU,  Curare. 

WRACK,  SEA,  Fucus  vesiculosus. 

Wrack,  Bladder,  Yellow,  Fucus  vesiculosus. 

WRAPPING  UP,  (OF  THE  HYDROPA- 
THISTS,)  Emaillottacje. 


WRENCH,  Sprain. 

WRIGHTIA  ANTIDYSENTERICA,  Ne- 
rium  antidysentericum. 

WRINKLE,  Sax.  ppincle,  Puga,  Bytxs,  Rha~ 
cus,  Rhachus,  Rhagus,  Rhi/sse'ma,  Corruga'tio  cu- 
tis, (F.)  Ride.  A  furrow  or  fold  in  the  skin  of 
the  face,  forehead,  vagina,  &c.  See  Corruga- 
tion. 

WRINKLED,  Rugo'sus,  Rugous,  Rugose,  (F.) 
Ride.     Full  of  wrinkles. 

WRIST,  Carpus. 

WRIST-DROP.  Paralysis  of  the  muscles  of 
the  forearm,  induced  by  the  poison  of  lead. 

WRITERS'  SPASM,  see  Spasm,  writers'. 

WURALI,  Curare. 

WVRSTGIFT,  AUantotoxicum. 

WRONG  HEIR,  Cancellus. 


X. 


XALAPPA,  Convolvulus  jalapa. 

XANTHIC  OXIDE,  Uric  oxide. 

XANTHINE,  Uric  oxide. 

XAN'THIUM,  X.  struma'rium,  seu  Orienta'le 
seu  Vulga're,  Barda'na  minor.  Lappa  minor,  Les- 
ser BurdocJc,  Burweed,  Burtliistle,  Clotbur,  (F.) 
Lampourde,  Petit  Glouteron,  Petite  Bardane.  This 
herb,  as  one  of  its  names  imports,  was  once  es- 
teemed for  the  cure  of  scrofula.  The  seeds  have 
been  administered  in  cutaneous  affections. 

XANTHIURIA,  Xanthuria. 

XANTHOP'SIA,  from  favSof,  'yellow,'  and 
oi|'i5,  'vision.'  Yellow  vision,  —  as  sometimes 
occurs  in  jaundice. 

XANTHORRHIZA,  Xanthorrhiza  apiifolia. 

Xanthorrhi'za  Apiifo'lia,  Xanthorrhiza,  X. 
simplicis'sima,  X.  3Iarboi'ca,  Zanthorrhiza  tinc- 
to'ria.  Yellow  Root,  Parsley-leaved  Yellow  Root 
or  Yelloio  icort.  Shrub  yellow  root.  The  root  of 
this  American  plant  —  Xanthorrhiza,  (Ph.  U.  S.) 
— is  a  strong  and  pleasant  bitter;  and,  in  the 
dose  of  two  scruples,  sits  easy  upon  the  stomach. 

XANTHOS,  Yellow. 

XANTHO'SIS.  A  term  applied  to  the  yellow 
discoloration  often  observed  in  cancerous  tumours 
—  especially  in  encephaloid  of  the  testicle.  —  Le- 
bert. 

XANTHOX'YLUMCLAVA  HER'CULIS, 
Prickly  Ash,  Toothach  Tree,  (F.)  Clavalier  d 
feuilles  defrtne,  Frene  Spineux.  The  bark — 
Xanthoxylum,  (Ph.  U.  S.)  —  is  a  very  strong 
stimulant  and  powerful  sialagogue.  It  has  been 
given,  internally,  in  rheumatism.  Another  spe- 
cies— Xanthoxylum  fraxinifo'lium,  Xanthoxylum 
fraxin' eum.  Shrubby  pricJely  ash,  Toothach  bush, 
Pell'itory,  Yellow  wood,  Suterberry, — possesses 
active  powers.  A  spirituous  infusion  of  the  bark 
has  been  highly  recommended  in  cases  of  violent 
colic.  The  fresh  juice,  expressed  from  the  roots 
of  the  xanthoxylum,  is  said  to  afford  relief  in 
the  dry  bellyache  of  the  West  Indies.  A  decoc- 
tion of  the  bark  is  sometimes  used  as  a  wash  to 
foul  ulcers. 

XANTHU'RIA,  XantMu'ria,  from  ^av9o;,  'yel- 
low,' and  ovpov,  'urine.'  A  condition  of  the  sys- 
tem and  of  the  urine,  in  which  xanthie  oxide  is 
deposited  from  the  urine. 

XANTICA,  Carminatives. 

XANTOLINA,  Artemisia  santonica, 

XENODOCEUM,  HospitaL 


XENODOCHEUM,  Hospital. 

XERANSIS,  Arefaction,  Drying. 

XERANTIA,  Siccantia. 

XERA'SIA.  Same  etymon;  from  ^rjpo;,  'dry.' 
A  disease  of  the  hairs,  which  become  dry,  cease 
to  grow,  and  resemble  down  covered  with  dust.— 
Galen. 

XERION,  Catapasma. 

XEROCOLLYR'IUM,  from  ^,,po;,  'dry,'  and 
Ko\)i.ovpiov,  'a  collyrium;'  Collyr'ium  siccum.  A 
dry  collyrium. 

XERODER'MA,  from  ^rjpog,  'dry,'  and  ScpiJta 
'  skin.'  Diminution  of  secretion  of  the  sebaceous, 
glands. 

XEROMA,  Xeropththalmia — x.  Conjunctival, 
Xerophthalmia. 

Xbroma,  Lachrymal.  Suppression  of  the 
lachrymal  secretion. 

XEROMYCTER,  Xeromycteria. 

XEROMYCTE'RIA,  Xeromyeter,  from  ^r,po?, 
'  dry,'  and  fivKrrjp,  '  the  nose.'  Dryness  of  the 
nose. 

XEROMYRON,  TJnguen'tum  siccum;  from 
^r/pos,  'dry,'  and  juwpoc,  'an  ointment.'  A  dry 
ointment.  —  Gorrseus. 

XEROPHA'GIA,  from  |i7/)oj,  *  dry,'  and  (l)ayu, 
'I  eat.'  Excessive  use  of  dry  aliment.  A  kind 
of  regimen  to  which  the  ancient  athletse  subjected 
themselves,  with  the  view  of  increasing  their 
strength. 

XEROPHTHAL'MIA,  Ophthal'mia  sicca,  Op>h. 
thalmoxero'sis,  Xero'ma,  from  ^rjpos,  '  dry,'  and 
o<p&aXpia,  'inflammation  of  the  eye.'  An  inflam- 
mation of  the  eye,  without  discharge.  The  term 
— as  well  as  Gonjuncti'val  Xero'ma,  and  Cutic'ular 
Conjuncti'va  —  has  been  given  to  cases  in  which 
the  conjunctiva  is  so  changed,  that  it  presents 
more  of  the  characters  of  skin  than  of  mucous 
membrane.  It  is  incapable  of  radical  cure.  Also, 
lippitudo. 

XEROTRIBIA,  see  Friction. 

XEROTRIPSIS,  Friction,  dry. 

XIPHISTERNUM,  Xiphoid. 

XIPHODES,  Xiphoid. 

XIPHODYMUS,  Thoraeo-gastrodidymus. 

XIPHOID,  Xipho'i'des,  Xipho'des,  Ensifor'- 
mis,  from  |i0of,  '  a  sword,'  and  ciJof,  'shape;' 
Oartila'go  Xipho'ides,  C.  Xiphoidea,  G.  Scnta'lis, 
C.  Ensiformis,  C.  Pelta'lis  seu  pelta'tus,  En'siform 
eartilaqe,    Fvrcel'la    in/c'rioi;    Ifucruna'tuni    os. 


XIPHOPAGES 


924 


ZAPANIA 


Mxievona'ta  Cartila'go,  Chondros,  Procesuns  xi- 
phosterna'lis  seu  xij^ho'ides  seu  stevni  xipho'ide- 
U8,  Xij^tliisternum,  (F.)  Aiipendice  ou  cartilage  xi- 
phndes,  C.  Muerone,  Appendice  sons-sternale,  Pa- 
lette., The  name  of  the  appendix  which  termi- 
nates the  sternum  beneath ;  and  which  is  so  called 
from  some  resemblance  to  a  sword. 

Xiphoid  Lig'ament,  Costo-xyphoid  L.  (F.) 
Ligament  xijihoidien  oucosto-xiphoidien, is  a,smaj\l, 
very  thin,  ligamentous  fasciculus,  which  passes 
from  the  cartilage  of  prolongation  of  the  7  th  rib 
to  the  anterior  surface  of  the  xiphoid  cartilage, 
into  which  it  is  inserted  by  its  fibres  decussating 
with  those  of  the  opposite  ligament. 

XIPHOP'AGES,  Bid'ymus  Sympliyo-epigas'- 
trius  ;  from  ^i^ps,  '  a  sword,'  and  Tzijyvvfii,  '  I  fix.' 
A  monstrosity,  in  which  twins  are  united  by  the 
epigastrium,  as  in  the  ease  of  the  Siamese  twins. 

XYLO-ALOES,  Agallochum  —  x.  Balsamum, 


Bee  Amyris  opobalsamnm  —  x.  Cassia,  Latirua 
cassia  —  x.  Ciunamomum,  Laurus  cinnamomum. 

XYLUM,  Gossipium. 

XYMPATHIA,  Sympathy. 

XYRIS,  Iris  foetidissima. 

Xyeis  Bolbo'sa,  X.  In'dica,  X.  Carolinia'na, 
Yelloio-eyed  Grass  J  indigenous;  Orrfer,  Xyrida- 
cese ;  flowering  from  July  to  September.  The 
roots  and  leaves  are  said  to  be  used  by  the  Hin- 
doos in  lepra,  and  chronic  cutaneous  diseases  in 
general. 

XYRUM,  Novacula. 

XYRUS,  Novacula. 

XYSMA,  Linteum,  Easura,  Scobs. 

XYSMOS,  Rasura. 

XYSTER,  Raspatorium. 

XYSTOS,  Linteum. 

XYSTRUM,  Raspatorium — x.  Ophthalmicum, 
Ophthalmoxyster. 


T. 


YAM.  This  esculent  root  is  principally  ob- 
tained from  three  species  of  Diosco'rea,  —  ala'ta 
bulbif'era,Sindsati.'va.  They  grow  spontaneously 
in  both  the  Indies,  and  their  roots  are  eaten  pro- 
miscilously,  as  the  potato  is  with  us.  Their  taste 
is  somewhat  like  the  potato. 

Y^AM  ROOT,  WILD,  Dioscorea  villosa. 

YARD,  Penis. 

YARROW,  COMMON,  Achillea  millefolium. 

YAUPON,  Ilex  vomitoria. 

YAWNING,  from  Sax.  jeonan,  Chasme,  Chaa- 
mus,  ITia'tus,  Osce'do,  Oscita'tio,  Clonus  pandicu- 
la'tio  maxilla'rum,  Gaping,  ( F. )  Baillement. 
Yawning  consists  of  a  deep  inspiration,  with  con- 
siderable separation  of  the  jaws,  executed  slowly 
and  in  an  involuntary  manner,  and  followed  by 
a  prolonged  and  more  or  less  sonorous  expiration. 
This  respiratory  movement  is  preceded  by  a  feel- 
ing of  oppression  in  the  epigastric  region,  and  in 
the  muscles  of  respiration  and  mastication. 
Yawning  has  been  conceived  to  be  owing  to  tor- 
por in  the  pulmonary  circulation  ;  the  causes  pro- 
ducing it  being  commonly  ennui,  fatigue,  sleepi- 
ness, monotonous  sounds,  hunger,  sympathy,  <fcc. 
Yawning  often  precedes  the  invasion  of  certain 
intermittents,  attacks  of  hysteria,  &c.,  and  it  may, 
by  its  frequency,  and  obstinacy,  become  a  true 

cli,SGtlS6. 

YAWROOT,  Stillingia. 

YAWS,  Framboesia. 

YEAST,  Y''est — y.  Plant,  Torula  cerevisias. 

YELK,  see  Ovum. 

YELLOW,  Flavua,  Lu'teus,  Xanthus,  from  past 
participle  of  Sax.  ^etelan,  '  to  burn.'  One  of  the 
seven  primitive  colours. 

Yellow  Ash,  Cladrastis  tinctoria  —  y.  Berry, 
Podophyllum  montanum  —  y.  Fever,  see  Fever, 
Yellow — y.  Fever,  mild,  see  Relapse. 

Yellow  Ligaments,  (F.)  Ligaments  jaunes, 
occupy  the  spaces  between  the  vertebral  plates, 


from  the  interval,  which  separates  the  second 
vertebra  from  the  third,  to  that  which  separated 
the  last  vertebra  from  the  sacrum.  They  are  so 
called  in  consequence  of  their  colour. 

Yellow  Paint,  Hydrastis  Canadensis  —  y. 
Root,  JeflFersonia  Bartoni  —  y.  Root,  Parsley- 
leaved,  Xanthorrhiza  apiifolia  —  y.  Root,  Shrub, 
Xanthorrhiza  apiifolia  —  y.  Star,  Helenium  au- 
tumnale — y.  Weed,  Ranunculus'  acris — y.  Wood, 
Xanthoxylum  fraxineum  —  y.  Wort,  Parsley- 
leaved,  Xanthorrhiza  apiifolia. 

YELLOWS,  Cypripedium  luteum,  Icterus, 
Ranunculus  acris. 

YERBA  BEL  SOLD  ABA,  Matico— 3^.  de 
Hiiaca,  Datura  sanguinea. 

Y'EST,  Yeast,  Sax.jej'C,  from  ypc,  'a  storm,' 
jfZi^,  'stormy;'  Cerevis'ice  Fermen'tum,  Spuma 
Cerevis'ice,  Barm,  (F.)  Levure,  Levure  de  la  Biere. 
The  scum,  which  collects  on  the  surface  of  beer 
whilst  fermenting.  Yest  is  antiseptic  and  tonic. 
It  has  been  much  extolled  in  pmtrid  fevers,  —  a 
table-spoonful  being  given  as  a  dose,  in  porter, 
wine,  &c.  It  is,  also,  applied,  in  the  form  of  ca- 
taplasm, to  foul  ulcers.  In  all  these  cases,  it  acts 
by  virtue  of  the  generation  of  carbonic  acid  gas. 

YEUX  ARBENS,  Ardent  eyes  —  y.  d'JEcre- 
visse,  Cancrorum  chelae. 

YEW  TREE,  Taxus  baccata. 

YLECH,  Ilech. 

YLIATBR,  Ilech. 

YOLK,  see  Ovum. 

YOUTH,  Adolescence. 

YOPON,  Ilex  vomitoria. 

YPSELOGLOSSUS,  Basioglossns. 

YRIDES,  Orpiment. 

YSAM'BRA,  Pedigam'hra.  An  ancient  Spa- 
nish  poison,  of  which  hellebore  formed  the  great- 
est part. 

YUCCA,  Jatropha  manihot. 

Y-WER-A,  see  Spirit. 


z. 


ZACCHARUM,  Saccharum. 
ZAEL,  Borosail. 
ZAFFRAN,  Crocus  • 
ZAMBO,  see  Mulatto. 

ZAMIA  INTEGRIFOLIA,  see  Arrowroot— z. 
Pumila.  se-e  Arrowroot. 

ZANNA.     A  kind  of  Armenian  bole,  used  by 


the  ancients  as  a  desiccative.  It  was  also  called 
Zarnachci. 

ZANTHORRHIZA  APIIFOLIA,  Xanthor- 
rhiza apiifolia. 

ZANTHOXYLUM  CLAVA  HERCULIS,  Xan- 
thoxyluni  clava  Heveulis. 

ZAPANIA  NODIFLORA,  Anacoluppa. 


ZARNACHA 


925 


ZINCI 


ZARlSrACHA,  Zanna. 

ZARSA,  Sniilax  sarsaparilla. 

ZARZAPARILLA,  Smilax  sarsaparilla. 

ZEA  MAYS,  Z.  vulga're,  Ilays  zea  seu  Ameri- 
ca'im,  Hays,  Indian  Corn,  Corn,  Turkey  Wheat, 
3Iaize,  Ador,  Indian  Wheat,  (F.)  Blais,  Graine 
de  Tiirquie,  BIS  d'Inde,  Ble  d'Espagne,  Ble 
d'Ttalie,  Ble  do  Turquie.  A  native  of  America, 
and  mucli  used  over  the  ■whole  of  the  continent 
as  an  article  of  diet.  It  is  ground  for  the  same 
purposes  as  wheat,  and  forms  an  excellent  bread. 

ZEDOAIRE  BOND,  Ksempferia  rotunda. 

ZEDOARIA,  Ksempferia  rotunda  —  z.  Longa, 
see  Kffimpferia — z.  Rotunda,  see  Ksempferia. 

ZEDOARY,  Ktempferia  rotunda. 

ZBLOSIS,  Zelotypia. 

ZELOTYP'IA,  from  ^ri^o^,  'love,'  and  -rviro?, 
'form,'  'model;'  Zelo'sis.  It  has  been  proposed 
to  apply  this  name  to  the  violent  mental  affection 
produced  by  the  acknowledged  or  presumed  infi- 
delity of  a  beloved  object;  and  to  the  conse- 
quences of  such  affection; — melancholy,  mania, 
&c. 

ZEMA,  Decoction. 

ZEN'ICOjST,  ^sviKov.  Ancient  name  of  a  Keltic 
poison,  used  for  poisoning  arrows. 

ZEPHACH,  Peritoneum. 

ZERMA,  Zerna. 

ZERNA,  Zerma.  Amongst  the  barbarous  La- 
tin writers  it  signified  ulcerated  impetigo,  Impeti'- 
go  ulcera' ta, 

ZERUMBET,  Cassumuniar. 

ZESIS,  Effervescence,  Decoction. 

ZEST,  see  Citrus  medica, 

ZESTOLUSIA,  Bath,  hot. 

ZIBEB^,  see  Vitis  vinifera. 

ZIBETHUM,  Civetta. 

ZIGNITES,  Zingrites. 

ZINC,  Zinciim,  Zinhum,  Speltrum,  Speanter, 
Tutenag,  Zinehum,  Zint,  Stannnm  In'dicum.  Per- 
haps formed  etymologically  from  (G.)  Zin,  'Tin.' 
A  metal  obtained  from  calamine  and  blende.  Its 
colour  is  bluish-white  ;  lustre  of  the  fresh  surface 
considerable,  but  soon  dulled,  from  the  facility 
with  which  it  oxidates ;  hard ;  texture  striated. 
S.  g.  7.190.  Melts  at  700°  Fah.,  burns  with  a 
bipght  flame  in  a  higher  temperature,  and  is  vo- 
latilized in  the  form  of  a  white,  flocculent  oxyd. 
Its  use,  in  medicine,  is  in  the  formation  of  the 
following  preparations. 

ZING,  ACETATE  BE,  Zinci  acetas— z.  But- 
ter of,  Zinci  chloridum  —  z.  Chloride  of,  Zinci 
ehloridum — z.  Ohlorure  de,  Zinci  chloridum — z. 
Ferrohydrocyanate  of,  Zinci  cyanuretum  —  z. 
Flowers  of,  Zinci  oxydum  —  z.  Hydrocyanate  of, 
Zinci  cyanuretum  —  z.  Iodide  of,  Zinci  lodidum 
• — z.  loduret  of,  Zinci  lodidum. 

Zinc  and  Morph'ia,  Double  I'odide  of.  (F.) 
lodure  double  de  Zinc  et  de  3forphine,  This  salt 
is  prepared  by  boiling  iodide  of  iodhydrate  of 
moriMa  loith  loater  and  zinc,  after  they  have  acted 
on  each  other  for  some  days ;  filtering  and  crys- 
tallizing. It  is  considered  to  combine  the  pro- 
perties of  morphia  and  the  salts  of  zinc,  and  has 
been  prescribed  as  an  anodyne  and  antispasmodic. 
Dose,  a  quarter  of  a  grain. 

ZING,  OXIDE  DE,  Zinci  oxydum— z.  Oxyd 
of,  Zinci  oxydum. 

Zinc  and  Strtdi'nia,  Double  I'odide  op. 
This  salt  is  prepared  by  digesting  for  several 
days  in  hot  water,  iodide  of  iodhydrate  of  strych- 
nia and  zinc;  filtering  and  crystallizing.  It  has 
been  proposed  in  the  same  cases  as  strychnia. 

ZINC,  SULFATE  DE,  Zinci  sulphas— z.  Sul- 
phate of,  Zinci  Sulphas — z.  Valerianate  of,  Zinci 
Valerianas. 

ZINCHUM,  Zineum. 


ZINCI  ACE'TAS,  Ac"etate  of  Zinc,  (F.)  Ad- 
tnte  de  Zinc.  (Plumhi  acet.  Ibj,  zinc,  gmnnl. 
5ix,  aqncB  destillat.  Oiij.  Dissolve  the  acetate 
of  lead  in  the  water,  and  filter.  Add  the  zinc  to 
the  solution,  and  agitate  them  occasionally  to- 
gether, in  a  stopped  bottle,  for  five  or  six  hours, 
or  until  the  liquid  yields  no  precipitate,  with  a 
solution  of  iodide  of  potassium.  Filter  the  liquor, 
evaporate  it  with  a  moderate  heat  to  one-fifth, 
and  set  it  aside  to  crystallize.  Pour  off  the 
liquid,  and  dry  the  crystals  on  bibulous  paper. 

Should  the  crystals  be  coloured,  dissolve  them 
in  distilled  water,  and  having  heated  the  solu- 
tion, drop  into  it,  while  hot,  a  filtered  solution  of 
chlorinated  lime,  until  it  ceases  to  let  fall  sesqui- 
oxide  of  iron  ;  filter  the  liquor,  acidulate  it  with 
a  few  drops  of  acetic  acid,  evaporate,  and  crys- 
tallize.—PA.  U.  S.) 

Frequently  used  to  form  a  gently  astringent 
wash  in  ophthalmia  and  other  local  inflamma- 
tions; and  as  an  injection  in  gonorrhoea. 

Zinci  Caebonas  Impurus,  Calamina. 

Zinci  Car'bonas  Pr^cipita'tos,  Precip'itated 
carbonate  of  Zinc.  [Zinci  sulphat.,  sodcB  carbonat. 
aa  ft)j  ;  aq.  hidlient.  cong.  Dissolve  the  sulphate 
of  zinc  and  carbonate  of  soda  respectively  in  Oiv 
of  water.  Mix  the  solutions;  stir,  and  set  the 
mixture  by,  that  the  powder  may  subside.  Having 
poured  off  the  liquid,  wash  the  precipitated  car- 
bonate of  zinc  with  hot  water,  until  the  fluid  of 
the  washings  is  nearly  tasteless,  and  dry  with  a 
gentle  heat.  —  Ph.  U.  S.)  Used  to  prepare  the 
Zinzi  oxidum. 

Zinci  Carbonas  Pe^paratus,  Calamina  prce- 
parata. 

Zinci  Chlo'ridum,  Z.  chlorure'tum,  Zincitm 
chlora'tum,  Z.  muriat'icitm  {oxydatnm),  Chloride 
or  Chloruret  of  Zinc,  Butter  of  Zinc,  (F.)  Chlo- 
rure  de  Zinc.  (Zinc,  in  frustulis,  3ijss;  acid, 
nitric,  creta  prcBparat.  aa  ^j ;  acid,  muriat.  q.  a. 
To  the  zinc,  in  the  porcelain  vessel,  add  gradually 
sufficient  muriatic  acid  to  dissolve  it ;  strain,  add 
the  nitric  acid,  and  evaporate  to  dryness.  Dis- 
solve the  dry  mass  in  water,  add  the  chalk,  allow 
the  mixture  to  stand  for  24  hours,  filter,  and 
again  evaporate  to  dryness.  —  Ph.  U.  S.)  It  is 
very  deliquescent  in  the  air,  forming  the  Butter 
of  Zinc,  Buty'rum  Zinci. 

Chloride  of  Zinc  is  a  powerful  eseharotic,  and 
has  been  lately  employed  as  an  eil'ective  anti- 
septic. 

Zinci  Chloruretum,  Z.  chloridum. 

Zinci  Cyanure'tum,  Hydrocy'anas  Zinci,  Zin- 
eum Cyanogena'tum,  Z.  Borus'sicum,  Z.  Zobticum, 
Hydrocy'anate  of  Zinc.  This  salt  is  formed  by 
adding  sulphate  of  zinc  to  hydrocyanate  of  po- 
tassa  so  long  as  any  precipitate  is  thrown  down. 
AVhen  dried  and  calcined  at  a  low  heat,  the  pro- 
duct is  a  mixture  of  cyanuret  of  zinc  and  of  po- 
tassium. It  has  been  recommended  in  nervous 
cardialgia.  Dose,  from  one-sixteenth  to  one- 
twelfth  of  a  grain. 

It  is  chiefly  used  as  a  caustic ;  one  part  of  the 
chloride  being  mixed  with  four,  three,  or  two 
parts  of  flour,  according  to  the  desired  strength, 
and  a  few  drops  ef  water  being  added  to  form  a 


Zinci  Ferrohydrocy'anas,  Cyanure'tum  Fer- 
rozin'cicum,  Zineum  Ferrohydrocyan'icum,  Ferro- 
hydrocyanate of  Zinc.  Made  by  the  mutual  de- 
composition of  boiling-hot  solutions  of  sulphate 
of  zinc  and  ferrocyanate  of  potassa.  It  has  been 
recommended  in  the  same  cases  as  the  last  pre- 
paration. 

Zinci  Hydrocyanas,  Zinci  cyanuretum. 

Zinci  Iod'idum,  Z.  lodure'imn,  Zineum  loda' ■■ 
turn,  lode'tum  Zinci  seu  Zin'cicum,  Proto'iodure'  • 
turn  Zinci,  I'odide  or  lod'nret  of  Zitic.     This  salt 


ZINCUM 


926 


ZOONOMIA 


is  made  hj  boiling  together  iodine  and  zinc  to 
dryness,  and  subliming.  An  ointment,  composed 
of  a  drachm  to  an  ounce  of  lard,  has  been  used 
in  cases  where  the  external  use  of  iodide  of  po- 
tassium is  indicated. 

ZiNCi  loDURETDM,  Z.  lodidum  —  z.  Nix,  Zinci 
oxydum. 

Zinci  Ox'tdto,  Zincum  caleina'tum,  Oxyd  of 
Zinc,  Floicera  of  Zinc,  Nihil  Album,  Lana  Pki- 
losojiho'rum,  L.  Philosoph'ica,  Nix  Zinci,  Nihil 
Gris'eum,  Potn'pholi/x,  (F.)  Oxide  de  Zinc.  (Pro- 
cured by  burning  zinc  in  a  long,  deep,  crucible, 
placed  so  as  to  collect  the  sublimate.  Also,  by 
exposing  the  precipitate  thrown  down  fi'om  a  so- 
lution of  sulphate  of  zinc  by  carbonate  of  ammo- 
nia to  a  strong  heat,  so  as  to  drive  off  the  car- 
bonic acid. — Ph.  U.  S.)  It  is  tonic  and  antispas- 
modic; externally,  detergent  and  desiccative. 
Employed  in  epilepsy,  chorea,  &c.  For  its  ex- 
ternal use,  see  Ung.  Zinci. 

Zinci  Oxydum  Impdrum,  Tutia, 
Zinci  Sulphas,  Sulphate  of  Zinc,  Zincum  Vit- 
riola'tum,  Vitrio'lum  Album,  White  Vitriol,  V. 
Goslarien'se,  V.  Zinci,  Sulphas  Zin'cicum,  Gilla 
Vitrioli,  Gilla  Theophras'ti,  SalVomito'riumVit- 
rioli,  Chalcan'thum  Album,  White  Copperas,  Sal 
Vitrioli,  (F.)  Sulfate  de  Zinc.  {Zinc,  in  frustul. 
^iv;  acid,  sulphuric.  §vj ;  aqucB  destillat.  Oiv. 
To  the  zinc  and  water,  previously  introduced  into 
a  glass  vessel,  add  by  degrees  the  sulphuric  acid, 
and,  when  the  effervescence  shall  have  ceased, 
filter  the  solution  through  paper;  then  boil  it 
down  till  a  ]pelliele  begins  to  form,  and  set  aside 
to  crystallize. — Ph.  U.  S.)  The  sulphate  of  zinc 
is  inodorous ;  taste,  styptic.  It  is  in  white,  semi- 
transparent,  eflEloreseent  crystals ;  soluble  in  three 
parts  of  water  at  60°.  It  is  emetic,  tonic,  anti- 
spasmodic, and,  externally,  astringent.  A  nos- 
trum, sold  under  the  name  Antipertus'sis,  and,  as 
its  title  imports,  given  in  hooping-cough,  con- 
tains this  salt  as  its  chief  ingredient.  It  is  emetic. 
Dose,  as  an  emetic,  gr.  x  to  ^ss ;  as  a  tonic,  gr.  j 
to  ij.  Used  externally  as  a  collyrium,  gr.  j  to 
water  f§j. 

Zinci  Valeria'nAS,  Vale'rianate  of  Zinc,  A  salt 
formed  by  saturating  valei'ianic  acid  with  freshly 
prepared  carbonate  of  zinc.  It  is  in  pure  white, 
pearly  scales,  and  has  been  recommended  as  a 
tonic  in  neuralgic  diseases,  epilepsy,  &c.  The 
dose  is  one  or  two  grains  several  times  a  day. 

ZINCUM,  Zinc  —  z.  Borussicum,  Zinci  eyanu- 
retum — z.  Calcinatum,  Zinci  oxydum — z.  Chlora- 
tum,  Zinci  chloridum  —  z.  Cyanogenatum,  Zinci 
cyanuretum  —  z.  Ferrohydrocyanicum,  Zinci  fer- 
rohydrocyanas  —  z.  lodatum,  Zinci  iodidum  —  z. 
Muriaticum,  Zinci  chloridum  —  z.  Vitriolatum, 
Zinci  sulphas  —  z.  Zooticum,  Zinci  cyanuretum. 

ZINGIBER,  Amomum  zingiber — z.  Cassumu- 
niar,  see  Cassumuniar  —  z.  Cliffordia,  see  Cassu- 
muniar — z.  Germanicum,  Arum  maculatum  —  z. 
Officinale,  Amomum  zingiber — z.  Purpureum,  see 
Cassumuniar — z.  Spurium,  see  Cassumuniar — z. 
Zerumbet,  see  Cassumuniar. 
ZINGIBERIN,  Piperoid. 
ZINGRI'TES,  Zigni'tea.  A  stone,  resembling 
glass ;  to  which  the  ancients  attributed  marvel- 
lous properties. 

ZINKUM,  Zincum. 
ZINT,  Zincum. 

ZINZIBER,  Amomum  zingiber. 
ZIPHAC,  Peritonseum. 

ZIRBUS,  Epiploon  —  z.  Adipinus,  Epiploon, 
gastro-colic. 

ZIZA'NIA  AQUAT'ICA,  Wild  Rice;  called 
by  tne  Indians,  Menomene,  grows  abundantly  on 
\ho  marshy  margins  of  the  northern  lakes  and 
waters  of  the  upper  branches  of  the  Mississippi, 
'the  grain  resembles  oatz.  It  furnishes  the  north- 


ern savages  and  the  Canadian  traders  and  hunt- 
ers with  their  annual  supplies  of  grain. 
ZIZYPIIUM,  Jujube, 

ZIZYPHUS  JUJUBA,  see  Jujube— z.  Nitida, 
see  Jujube — z.  Sativa,  see  Jujube — z.  Sylvestris, 
see  Jujube. 

ZOA'GRIA,  from  ^lan,  'life,'  and  aypi^oi,  '1 
catch  up.'  The  saving  and  preservation  of  life. 
Zoiisis.  A  reward  for  preserving  life ;  Soetrum. 
A  votive  offering  hung  up  in  the  temples  for  life 
saved. 

ZOANTHRO'PIA,  MelanchoVia  so'dnthro'pia, 
from  ^(i)ov,  'an  animal,'  and  av&p(Dnog,  'a  man.' 
A  species  of  monomania,  in  which  the  patient 
believes  himself  transformed  into  an  animal. 
Lycanthropia  and  cynanthropia  belong  to  this 
species  of  monomania. 
ZOARA,  Insomnia. 
ZOE,  Life. 

ZOGRAPHIA,  Zoographia. 
Z  01  ATRIA,  Veterinary  art. 
ZOIATRUS,  Hippiater. 
ZOMIDIUM,  Jus. 
ZOMOS,  Consommi,  Jus. 

ZONA,  Herpes  zoster  —  z.  Castitatis,  Hymen 
—  z.  Ciliaris,  Ciliary  zone  —  z.  Ignea,  Herpes 
zoster. 

Zona  Pellu'oida,  Oolem'ma  pellu'cidum,  Vi- 
tellary  membrane,  (F.)  Vitelline,  Membrane  vitel- 
line. The  membrane  that  surrounds  the  yolk  in 
the  mammalia  is  so  called  on  account  of  its  thick- 
ness and  peculiar  transparency. 

Zona  Sebpiginosa,  Herpes  zoster  —  z.  Virgi- 
nitatis.  Hymen. 

Zona  Tendino'sa.  The  whitish  circle  around 
the  auriculo-ventricular  orifice  of  the  right  side 
of  the  heart. 

ZONE,  Cingulum. 

ZONULA  CILIARIS,  see  Ciliary,  and  CHiary 
zone  —  z.  Cochlese,  see  Lamina  spiralis  —  z.  Hil- 
dani,  Cingulum  Hildani  —  z.  Zinnii,  see  Ciliary. 
ZOOCHEMIA,  Chymistry,  animal. 
ZOOCHEM'ICAL,  Zoochym'ical,  Zodchem'icua 
seu  Zooehym'icus.  Appertaining  or  having  rela- 
tion to  animal  chymistry. 

ZOOCHEMY,  Chymistry,  animal. 
ZOOCHYMY,  Chymistry,  animal. 
ZOOGENIUM,  Azote. 

Z00G"ENY,  Zoogen'ia,  Zobgen'esis,  from  ^loov, 
'animal,'  and  yevtci;,  'generation.'  The  doctrine 
of  animal  formation. 

Z  0  O  G'R APHY,  Zoogra'pMa,  Zogra'ph  ia,  from 
^u>ov,  'an  animal,'  and  ypafpn,  'a  description.'  A 
description  of  animals.  The  natural  history  of 
animals. 

ZOOHEMATINE,  Hsematine. 
ZOOHY'LAS,  from  ^uov,  'an  animal,'  and  'vXi?, 
'matter.'    Animal  matter. 

ZOOHY'LICA    CONCREMEN'TA.      Concre- 
tions formed  of  animal  matter. 
ZOOIASIS,  Veterinary  art. 
ZOOL'OGIST,    Zoologis'ta,    Zool'ogus,    from 
^<i)ov, 'an  animal,' and  Xoyof,  'description.'     One 
skilled  in  the  natural  history  of  animals. 

ZOOL'OGY,  Zoolof/"ia.  Same  etymon.  The 
natural  history  of  animals. 

ZOOMAGNETISMUS,  Magnetism,  animaL 
ZOOMYCUS,  Mucus. 
ZOOMYXA,  Mucus. 
ZOON,  Animal. 

ZiOOl!iOM'l A,  Organozo'6nom'ia,Zoon'omi/ 'from 
^wov,  '.an  animal,'  and  vojao;,  'law.'  The  laws 
which  govern  the  organic  actions  of  animals  in 
general: — Animal  Physiol'ogy,  Zoo2}hysiolog"ia. 


ZOONOSOLOGIA 


927 


ZTTHUS 


ZOOXOSOLOG"IA,  from  ^ojov,  'an  animaV 
voaog,  '  a  dise<ase,'  and  \oyoi,  '  description.'  The 
nosology  of  animals. 

Z06pATH0L0G"IA,  from  ^uov,  'an  animal,' 
vaOog,  'a  disease/  and  Xoyos,  *a  description.'  The 
pathology  of  animals. 

ZOOPH'AGOUS,  Zodph'agxis,  (P.)  Zo'opTiage. 
from  ^uiov,  '  an  animal,  and  ^ayoj,  '  I  eat.'  Feed- 
ing on  animals.     Carnivorous. 

ZOOPHTHALMUS,  Hydrophthalmia. 

ZOOPHYSIOLOGIA,  Physiology,  animal,  Zo- 
onomia. 

ZO'OPHTTE,  Zooph'ytum,  Phytozo'dn,  Animal 
plant,  from  ^uov,  'an  animal,'  and  (pvrov,  'a  plant.' 
A  name  given  to  the  lowest  class  of  animals, 
which  seem  to  form  the  transition  between  the 
animal  and  the  vegetable  kingdoms. 

ZOOSIS,  Animation,  Zoagria. 

ZOOSPERMATA,  Spermatozoa. 

Z06SPER2IES,  Spermatozoa. 

ZOOTHAP'SIS,  from  ^uiy,  'life,'  and  0a7rra),  'I 
inter.'     Burial  alive.     Premature  interment. 

ZOOT'OMIST,  Zootom'icus.  Same  etymon  as 
the  next.     One  who  dissects  animals. 

ZOOT'OMY,  Zootom'ia,  from  fwov,  '  an  animal,' 
and  Tcixviji,  'I  cut.'  Theriot'omy,  Anatom'ia  ajii- 
ma'lis  seu  ccmparati'va  seu  compara'td,  Compar'- 
ative  Anatomy.  The  anatomy  of  animals.  Ani- 
mal anatomy. 

ZOPISSA,  see  Pinus  sylvestris. 

ZOPYRON,  Fomites. 

ZOSTER,  Herpes  zoster. 

ZOSTERA  MARINA,  Pila  marina  — z.  Mari- 
tima,  Pila  marina. 

ZOZAR,  Saccharum. 

ZITCARO,  Saccharum. 

ZUCCARUM,  Saccharum. 

ZUCHAR.  Saccharum. 

ZUCHARUM,  Saccharum. 

ZUCHRA,  Saccharum. 

ZULAPIUM,  Julep. 

ZYGAPOPHYSES,  see  Vertebrae. 

ZYGOMA,  Malffi  os. 

ZYGOMAT'IC,  Zygomat'icus,  Juga'Us,  Jugal. 
That  which  relates  to  the  zygoma  or  cheek-bone. 

Zygomatic  Arch,  see  Zygomatic  process  —  z. 
Bone,  Malaj  os. 

Zygomatic  Fossa  is  the  space  included  between 
the  posterior  margin  of  the  outer  ala  of  the  pte- 
rygoid process,  and  the  crista  which  descends 
from  the  malar  tuberosity  to  the  superior  alveolar 
margin. 


Zygomatic  Muscles  are  two  in  number.  1. 
Zygomat'icus  major,  Distort'or  Oris,  (F.)  Zyjo- 
mato-lahial  (Ch.),  Muscle  grand  gygomatiqiie, 
which  is  situate  obliquely  at  the  fore-part  and 
sides  of  the  face.  It  is  a  small,  rounded  muscle; 
arises  from  the  outer  surface  of  the  os  malse,  and 
is  inserted  at  the  commissure  of  the  lips,  which 
it  raises  and  draws  outwards.  It  acts  principally 
in  laughing.  2.  Zygomat'icus  minor,  (F.)  Petit 
Zygomato-lahial  (Ch.),  Petit  Zygomatique,  does 
not  always  exist.  It  is  situate  on  the  inner  side 
of  the  last ;  arises  from  the  outer  surface  of  the 
OS  malee,  and  is  inserted  at  the  corner  of  the 
mouth,  or  rather  into  the  upper  lip,  which  it 
raises  and  draws  outwards. 

Zygomatic  Process,  Proces'sns  zygomat'icus, 
Apoph'ysis  Zygoniat'ica,  Malar  2^^'ocesB,  Jugal 
process,  arises  from  the  outer  surface  of  the  tem- 
poral bone  by  two  roots,  one  of  which  is  trans- 
verse, (Condyle  du  tempioral,  Ch.,)  and  the  other 
longitudinal :  between  them  is  the  glenoid  cavity. 
The  process  passes  forwards,  and  is  articulated 
with  the  posterior  angle  of  the  os  malas,  with 
which  it  forms  a  bony  bridge,  called  the  Zygo- 
mat'ic  arch,  Pars  zygomat'icus,  Arcus  zygomat'- 
icus, (F.)  Arcade  Zygomatique.  The  cavity,  be- 
neath this  bridge,  is  sometimes  called  Zygo'ma. 

Zygomatic  Suture  is  placed  between  the  zy- 
gomatic parts  of  the  temi^oral  and  cheek  bones ; 
and  slants  obliquely  downwards  and  backwards. 

ZYGOMATIQUE  GRAND,  Zygomaticus  ma- 
jor — z.  Petit,  Zygomaticus  minor. 

ZYG03rAT0-LABIAL,  Zygomaticus  major 
— z.  Labial,  petit,  Zygomaticus  major — z.  Maxil- 
laire,  Masseter — z.  Oriculaire,  Anterior  auris. 

ZYGOPHYL'LUM  FABA'GO,(F.)  Fahagelle. 
A  Syrian  and  Mauritanic  plant,  possessed  of  an 
acrid  and  bitter  tasts.  It  has  vermifuge  properties. 
The  Arabs  believe  that  the  recently  expressed 
juice  of  Zygo2')hyllum  simplex,  is  capable  of  re- 
moving specks  from  the  cornea. 

ZYMA,  Ferment. 

ZYMOMA,  Ferment. 

ZYMOSIS,  Fermentation,  see  Zymotic. 

ZYMOT'IC,  Zymot'icus,  from  ^ujmoo),  'to  fer- 
ment.'  An  epithet  proposed  for  any  epidemic, 
endemic,  or  contagious  affection.  Zymosis  ia 
used  to  signify  such  an  affection. 

ZYTHOGALA,  Posset. 

ZYTHUM,  Cerevisia. 
.      ZYTHUS,  Cerevisia. 


THE  END. 


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An  evidence  of  the  success  which  has  attended  these  efforts  may  be  found  in  the  constant  and 
steady  increase  in  the  subscription  li^t,  which  renders  it  advisable  for  gentlemen  desiring  the 
Journal,  to  make  known  their  wishes  at  an  early  day,  in  order  to  secure  a  year's  set  with  certainty, 
the  publishers  having  frequently  been  unable  to  supply  copies  when  ordered  late  in  the  year.  To 
their  old  subscribers,  many  of  whom  have  been  on  their  list  for  twenty  or  thirty  years,  the  publish- 
ers leel  that  no  promises  are  necessary;  but  those  who  may  desire  for  the  first  time  to  subscribe, 
can  rest  assured  that  no  exertion  will  be  spared  to  maintain  the  Journal  in  the  high  position  which 
it  has  occupied  for  so  long  a  period. 

By  reference  to  the  terms  it  will  be  seen  that,  in  addition  to  this  large  amount  of  valuable  and 
practical  information  on  every  branch  of  medical  science,  the  subscriber,  by  paying  in  advance, 
becomes  entitled,  without  further  charge,  to 

THE  MEDICAL  NEWS  AND  LIBRARY, 

a  monthly  periodical  of  thirty-two  large  octavo  pages.     Its  "News  Department"  presents  the 
current  information  of  the  day,  while  the  "Library  Department"  is  devoted  to  presenting  stand- 
ard v/orks  on  various  branches  of  medicine.     Within  a  few  years,  subscribers  have  thus  received, 
without  expense,  the  following  works  which  have  passed  through  its  columns: — 
WATSON'S  LECTURES  ON  THE  PRACTICE  OF  PHYSIC. 
BRODIE'S  CLINICAL  LECTURES  ON  SURGERY. 
TODD  AND  BOWMAN'S  PHYSIOLOGICAL  ANATOMY  AND  PHYSIOLOGY  OF  MAN. 

724  pages,  with  numerous  wood-cuts,  being  all  that  has  yet  appeared  in  England. 
WEST'S  LECTURES  ON  THE  DISEASES  OF  INFANCY  AND  CHILDHOOD. 
MALGAIGNE'S  OPERATIVE  SURGERY,  with  wood-cuts. 
SIMON'S  LECTURES  ON  GENERAL  PATHOLOGY. 
BENNETT  ON  PULMONARY  TUBERCULOSIS,  with  wood-cuts,  and 
WEST  ON  ULCERATION  OF  THE  OS  UTERI. 

While  the  year  1855,  presents 
BROWN    ON    THE  SURGICAL    DISEASES    OF    FEMALES. 

HANDSOMELY   ILLUSTRATED   ON   WOOD, 

Which  will  be  continued  and  completed  in  1856. 
The  diseases  treated  in  this  volume  have  hitherto  not  received  from  writers  of  systematic 
works  the  attention  to  which  their  importance  entitles  them.  In  treatises  on  female  diseases  they 
have  been  but  little  noticed,  as  belonging  more  properly  to  the  surgeon,  while  our  surgical  text-books 
have  in  like  manner  referred  them  to  the  writer  on  midwifery  and  female  affections.  In  supplying 
this  palpable  vacancy  in  medical  literature,  Mr.  Brown  has  brought  to  his  subject  the  result  of 
many  years  of  observation  and  experience,  and  his  labors  will  prove  of  much  value  to  all  practi- 
tioners. The  publishers  therefore  flatter  themselves  that  in  securing  this  volume  for  the  "  Library 
Department"  of  the  "  Medical  News"  they  will  meet  the  wishes  of  their  numerous  subscri- 
bers, who  will  thus  receive  this  highly  important  work  {ree  of  all  expense. 

It  will  thus  be  seen  that  for  the  small  sum  of  FIVE  DOLLARS,  paid  in  advance,  the  subscriber 
will  obtain  a  Quarterly  and  a  Monthly  periodical, 

EMBRACING  ABOUT  FIFTEEN  HUNDRED  LARGE  OCTAVO  PAGES, 

mailed  to  any  part  of  the  United  States,  free  of  postage. 

These  very  favorable  terms  are  now  presented  by  the  publishers  with  the  view  of  removing  all 
difficulties  and  objections  to  a  full  and  extended  circulation  of  the  Medical  Journal  to  the  office  of 
every  member  of  the  profession  throughout  the  United  Stales.  The  rapid  extension  of  mail  facili- 
ties will  now  place  the  numbers  before  subscribers  with  a  certainty  and  dispatch  not  heretofore 
attainable;  while  by  the  system  now  proposed,  every  subscrilier  throughout  the  Union  is  placed 
upon  an  equal  footing,  at  the  very  reasonable  price  of  Five  Dollars  for  two  periodicals,  without 

further  expense.  .  .        .    ,    ,        ,    .        ,       -    •         ^  t-- 

Those  subscribers  who  do  not  pay  in  advance  will  bear  in  mind  that  their  subscription  o(  b  ive 
Dollars  will  entitle  them  to  the  Journal  only,  without  the  News,  and  that  they  will  be  at  the  expense 
of  their  own  postage  on  the  receipt  of  each  number.  The  advantage  of  a  remittance  when  order- 
ing the  Journal  will  thus  be  apparent. 

As  tiie  Medical  News  and  Library  is  in  no  case  sent  without  advance  payment,  its  subscribers 
will  alwnys  receive  it  free  of  postage. 

It  should  also  be  borne  in  mind  that  the  publishers  will  now  take  the  risk  of  remittances  by  mail, 
when  the  letter  inclosing  the  amount  is  registered  under  the  new  Postage  Act,  and  the  Post- 
master's certificate  of  inclosure  retained,  to  be  forwarded  in  cases  of  loss. 

Address  BLANCHARD  &  LEA,  Philadelphia. 


AND    SCIENTIFIC    PUBLICATIONS. 


ALLEN    (J.    M.),    M.  D., 
Professor  of  Anatomy  in  the  Pennsylvania  Medical  College,  &c. 

THE  PRACTICAL  ANATOMIST;  or,  The  Student's  Guide  iu  the  Dissecting- 

ROOM.  With  over  200  illustrations.  In  one  handsome  roj^al  r2mo.  volume.  {Novj  Ready.) 
In  the  arrang-ement  of  this  work  the  author  has  endeavored  to  present  a  complete  and  thoron<^h 
course  of  dissections  in  a  clearer  and  more  available  form  tor  practical  use  in  the  dissectino--rooni, 
than  has  as  yet  been  accomplished.  His  long-  experience  as  a  teacher  of  anatomy  has  oiven  him  a 
familiarity  with  the  wants  of  students,  and  has  shown  him  the  best  modes  of  obviating  or  relieving'- 
ttie  difhcolties  which  present  themselves  in  the  progress  of  dissection.  As  adapted  to  the  course 
pursued  in  our  colleges,  and  conlainiiig  ample  practical  directions  and  instructions,  in  addition  to 
the  anatomical  details  presented,  it  possesses  claims  to  the  immediate  attention  of  teachers  and 
students.     It  will  appear  in  time  for  the  Fall  session  of  the  present  year. 


ANALYTICAL    COMPENDIUM 

OF  MEDICAL  SCIENCE,  containing  Anatomy,  Physiology,  Surgery,  Midwifery, 
Chemistry,  Materia  Medica,  Therapeutics,  and  Practice  of  Medicine.  By  John  Neill,  M.  D. 
and  F.  G  Smith,  M.  D.  Second  and^nlarged  edition,  one  thick  volume  royal  12mo. 'of  over 
1000  pages,  with  350  illustrations.     13^  See  Neill. 


ABEL   (F.    A.),    F.  C.  S. 

Professor  of  Chemistry  in  the  Royal  Military  Academy,  Woolwich. 

C.    L.    BLOXAM, 

Formerly  First  Assistant  at  the  Royal  College  of  Chemistry. 

HANDBOOK  OF  CHEMISTRY,  Theoretical,  Practical,  and  Technical,  with  a 

Recommendatory  Preface  by  Dr.  HoFitfANN.     In  one  large  octavo  volume  of  662  pages,  with 
illustrations.     {Just  Issued.) 

It  must  be  understood  that  this  is  a  work  fitted  for  '  eessary,  with  such  manipulatory  details  as  rendered 
the  earnest  student,  who  resolves  to  pursue  for  him-  I  Faraday's  '  Chemical  Manipulations'  so  valuable  at 


self  a  steady  search  into  the  chemical  mysteries  of 
creation.  For  such  a  student  the  '  Handbook'  will 
prove  an  excellent  guide,  since  he  will  find  in  it, 
not  merely  the  approved  modes  of  analytical  investi- 
gation, but  most  descriptions  of  the  apparatus  ne- 


the  time  of  its  publication.  Beyond  tliis,  the  im- 
portance of  the  work  is  increased  by  the  introduc- 
tion of  much  of  the  technical  chemistry  of  the  manu- 
factory."— Dr.  HofmanrCs  Preface. 


ASHWELL    (SAMUEL),   M.  D., 

Obstetric  Physician  and  Lecturer  to  Guv's  Hospital,  London. 

A  PRACTICAL  TREATISE  ON  THE  DISEASES  PECULIAR  TO  WOMEN. 

Illustrated  by  Cases  derived  from  Hospital  and  Private  Practice.  Third  American,  from  the  Third 
and  revised  London  edition.     In  one  octavo  volume,  of  528  pages.    (Now  Ready.) 

book  which  shows  so  much  patient  observation, 
practical  skill,  and  sound  sense.— Briiish  and  Fo- 
reign Med.  Review. 

With  no  work  are  we  acquainted,  in  which  the 
pleasant  and  the  useful  are  more  happily  bk-niled.  I 
combines  the  greatest  elegance  of  style  with  the 
most  sound  and  valuable  practical  information. 
We  feel  justified  in  recommending  it,  in  unqualified 
terms,  to  our  readers,  as  a  book  from  which  they 
can  scarcely  fail  to  derive  both  pleasure  and  im- 
provement. It  is  truly  a  model  for  medical  compo- 
sitions.— Southern  Med.  and  Surg.  Journal. 


The  most  useful  practical  work  on  the  subject  in 
the  English  language.  —  Boston  Med.  and  Surg. 
Jov.rnal. 

The  most  able,  and  certainly  the  most  standard 
and  practical,  work  on  female  diseases  that  we  have 
yet.seen. — Medico-C hirurgical  Review. 

We  commend  it  to  our  readers  as  the  best  practi- 
tical  treatise  on  the  subject  which  has  yet  appeared 
— London  Lancet. 

The  young  practitioner  will  find  it  invaluable, 
while  those  who  have  had  most  experience  will  yet 
find  something  to  learn,  and  much  to  commend,  in  a 


ARNOTT    (NEILL),  M.  D. 
ELEMENTS    OP    PHYSICS;    or  Natural  Philosophy,   General  and  Medical. 

Written  for  universal  use,  in  plain  or  non-technical  language.  A  new  edition,  by  Isaac  Hays, 
M.  D.     Complete  in  one  octavo  volume,  of  484  pages,  with  about  two  hundred  iliustralions. 

BENNETT   (HENRY),  M.  D. 
A  PRACTICAL   TREATISE    ON  INFLAMMATION  OF  THE  UTERUS 

ITS  CERVIX  AND  APPENDAGES,  and  on  its  connection  with  Uterine  Disease.  Fourth 
American,  from  the  third  and  revised  London  edition.  In  one  neat  octavo  volume,  of  430  pages, 
with  wood-cuts.      Just  Issued.) 

This  edition  will  be  found  materially  improved  over  its  predecessors,  the  author  having  carefully 
revised  it,  and  made  considerable  additions,  amounting  to  about  seventy-five  pages. 

This  edition  has  been  carefully  revised  and  altered,  AVhen,  a  few  years  back,  the  first  edition  of  the 
and  various  additions  have  been  made,  whicli  render  j  present  work  was  published,  the  subject  was  one  al- 
it  more  complete,  and,  if  possible,  more  worthy  of:  most  entirely  unknown  to  the  obstetrical  celebrities 
tlie  high  appreciation  in  which  it  is  held  by  the  |  of  the  day  :  and  even  now  we  have  reason  to  know 
medical  profession  throughout  the  world.  A  copy  ,  that  the  bulk  of  the  profession  are  not  fully  alive  to 
should  be  in  the  possession  of  every  physician.— j  the  importance  and  frequency  of  the  disease  of  which 
Charleston  Med.  Journal  and  Review.  it  takes  cognizance.     The  present  edition  is  so  much 

We  are  firmly  of  opinion  that  in  proportion  as  a  '  enlarged,  altered,  and  improved,  that  it  can  scarcely 
knowledge  of  uterine  diseases  becomes  more  appre-  ;  ^e  considered  the  same  work.— Dr.  Ranking^s  Al>- 
elated,  this  work  will  be  proportionably  established    struct. 
as  a  text-book  in  the  profession. — The  Lancet.  , 


BLANCHARD   &    LEA'S   MEDICAL 


BROWN    (ISAAC    BAKER), 

Surgeon- Accoucheur  to  St.  Mary's  Hospital,  &c. 

ON  SOME  DISEASES  OF  WOMEN  ADMITTING  OF  SUKGICAL  TREAT- 
MENT.   With  handsome  illustrations.     Onevol.  8vo.     {At  Press.) 

Publisliing  in  the  "Medical  News  and  Library"  for  1855  and  1856.     See  preceding  page. 


Mr.  Brown  has  earned  for  himself  a  high  reputa- 
tion in  the  operative  treatment  of  sundry  diseHses 
and  injuries  to  which  females  are  peculiarly  subject. 
We  can  truly  say  of  his  work  that  it  is  an  important 
addition  to  obstetrical  literature.  The  operative 
suggestions  and  contrivances  which  Mr.  Brown  de- 
scribes, exhibit  much  practical  sagacity  and  skill, 


and  merit  the  careful  attention   of  every   surgeon- 
accoucheur. — Association  Journal. 

We  have  no  hesitation  in  recommending  this  book 
to  the  careful  attention  of  all  surgeons  who  make 
female  complaints  a  part  of  their  study  and  practic*. 
— Dublin  (Quarterly  Journal. 


BENNETT   (J,    HUGHES),    M.D.,    F.  R.  S.  E., 

Professor  of  Clinical  Medicine  in  the  University  of  Edinburgh,  &.c. 

THE  PATHOLOGY  AND  TREATMENT  OF  PULMONARY  TUBERCU- 

LOSIS,  and  on  the  Local  Medication  of  Pharyngeal  and  Laryngeal  Diseases  frequently  mistaken 
for  or  associated  with,  Phthisis.  In  one  handsome  octavo  volume,  with  beautiiul  wood-cuts, 
pp.  130.     (Lately  Issued.) 

BILLING    (ARCHIBALD),  M.  D. 
THE  PRINCIPLES  OF  MEDICINE.     Second  American,  from  the  Fifth  and 

Improved  London  edition.     In  one  handsome  octavo  volume,  extra  cloth,  250  pages. 


BLAKISTON    (PEYTON),  M.  D.,  F.  R.  S.,  &c. 
PRACTICAL    OBSERVATIONS    ON    CERTAIN    DISEASES    OF    THE 

CHEST,  and  on  the  Principles  of  Auscultation.    In  one  volume,  8vo.,  pp.  384. 


BURROWS    (GEORGE),  M.  D. 
ON  DISORDERS  OF  THE  CEREBRAL  CIRCULATION,  and  on  the  Con- 
nection between  the  Affections  of  the  Brain  and  Diseases  of  the  Heart.    In  one  8vo.  vol.,  with 
colored  plates,  pp.  216.  

BUDD  (GEORGE),  M.  D.,  F.  R.  S., 

Professor  of  Medicine  in  King's  College,  London. 

ON  DISEASES   OF   THE   LIVER.     Second  American,  from  the  second  and 

enlaro-ed  London  edition.  In  one  very  handsome  octavo  volume,  with  four  beautifully  colored 
plates,  and  numerous  wood-cuts.  pp.  468.  New  edition.  {Lately  Issiied.) 
The  full  digest  we  have  given  of  the  new  matter 
introduced  into  the  present  volume,  is  evidence  of 
the  value  we  place  on  it.  The  fact  that  the  profes- 
sion has  required  a  second  edition  of  a  monograph 
Buch  as  that  before  us,  bears  honorable  testimony 
to  its   usefulness.      For  many   years.  Dr.   Budd's 

BY  THE  SAME  AUTHOR.     {Just  Ready.) 

ON  THE   ORGANIC  DISEASES  AND  FUNCTIONAL  DISORDERS  OF 

THE  STOMACH.     In  one  neat  octavo  volume. 

"While  special  treatises  have  been  multiplying  upon  almost  all  the  different  classes  of  diseases,  there 
has  long  been  felt  the  want  of  an  authoritative  work  on  the  disorders  of  the  stomach,  which  con- 
stitute, perhaps,  a  larger  proportion  of  the  daily  practice  of  the  physician  than  any  other  class  of 
maladies.  To  supply  this  want  has  been  the  object  of  the  author,  and  his  reputation  is  an  ample 
guarantee  of  the  value  of  his  labors. 


work  must  be  the  authority  of  the  great  mass  of 
British  practitioners  on  the  hepatic  diseases  ;  and  it 
is  satisfactory  that  the  subject  has  been  taken  up  by 
so  able  and  experienced  a  physician. — British  and 
Foreign  Medico-Chirurgical  Review. 


From  the  high  position  occupied  by  Dr.  Budd  as 
a  teacher,  a  writer,  and  a  practitioner,  it  is  almost 
needless  to  state  that  the  present  book  may  be  con- 
sulted with  great  advantage.  It  is  written  m  an  easy 
style,  the  .subjects are  well  arranged,  and  the  practial 


precepts,  both  of  diagnosis  and  treatment,  denote 
the  character  of  a  thoughtful  and  experienced  phy- 
sician.— London  Med.  Times  and  Gazette,  December, 
1855. 


BUSHNAN  (J.   S.),    M.  D. 
THE  PHYSIOLOGY  OF  ANIMAL  AND  VEGETABLE  LIFE;  a  Popular 

Treatise  on  the  Functions  and  Phenomena  of  Organic  Life.   In  one  handsome  royal  12mo.  volume, 
with  over  one  hundred  illustrations,     pp.  234. 


BIRD  (GOLDING),  A.  M.,  M.  D.,  8i.c. 
URINARY     DEPOSITS:     THEIR     DIAGNOSIS,    PATHOLOGY,    AND 

THERAPEUTICAL  INDICATIONS.     A  new  and  enlarged  American,  from  the  last  improved 
London  edition.    With  over  sixty  illustrations.     In  one  royal  12mo.  volume,  extra  cloth,  pp.  372. 


It  can  scarcely  be  necessary  for  us  to  say  anything 
of  the  merits  of  this  well-known  Treatise,  which  so 
admiralily  brings  into  practical  application  the  re- 
sults of  those  microscopical  and  chemical  researches 
regarding  the  physiology  and  pathology  of  the  uri- 
nary secretion,  which  have  contributed  so  much  to 
the  increase  of  our  diagnostic  powers,  and  to  the 


extension  and  satisfactory  employment  of  our  thera- 
peutic resources.  In  the  preparation  of  this  new 
edition  of  his  work,  it  is  obvious  that  Dr.  Golding 
Bird  has  spared  no  pains  to  render  it  a  faithful  repre- 
sentation of  the  present  state  of  scientific  knowledga 
on  the  subject  it  embraces. —  The  British  and  Foreign 
Medico-Chirurgical  Review. 


BY   THE   SAME   AUTHOR. 

ELEMENTS  OF  NATURAL  PHILOSOPHY;  being  an  Experimental  Intro- 
duction to  the  Physical  Sciences.  Illustrated  with  nearly  four  hundred  wood-cuts.  From  the 
third  London  editioa.    In  one  neat  volume,  royal  12mo.    pp.  402. 


AND    SCIENTIFIC    PUBLICATIONS. 


BARTLETT  (ELISHA),  M.  D. 
THE   HISTORY,  DIA&NOSIS,  AND  TliEATMENT  OF  THE   FEVERS 

OF  THE  UNITED  STATES.     Third  edition,  revised  and  improved.     In  one  octavo  volume, 
of  six  hundred  pages,  beautifully  printed,  and  strongly  bound. 

Of  the  value  and  importance  of  such  a  work,  it  is 
needless  here  to  speak ;  the  profession  of  the  United 
States  owe  much  to  the  author  for  the  very  able 
volume  which  he  has  presented  to  them,  and  for  the 
careful  and  judicious  manner  in  which  he  has  exe- 
cuted his  task.  No  one  volume  with  which  we  are 
acquainted  contains  so  complete  a  history  of  our 
fevers  as  this.  To  Dr.  Bartlett  we  owe  our  best 
thanks  for  the  very  able  volume  he  has  given  us,  as 
embodying  certainly  the  most  complete,  methodical, 
and  satisfactory  account  of  our  fevers  anywhere  to 
be  met  with.— The  Charleston  Med.  Journal  and 
Review. 


The  masterly  and  elegant  treatise,  by  Dr.  Bartlett 
is  invaluable  to  the  American  student  and  practi- 
tioner.— Dr.  Holmes's  Re-port  to  the  Nat.  Med.  Asso- 
ciation. 

'We  regard  it,  from  the  examination  we  have  made 
of  it,  the  best  work  on  fevers  extant  in  our  language, 
and  as  such  cordially  recommend  it  to  the  medical 
public. — St.  Louis  Medical  and  Surgical  Journal. 

Take  it  altogether,  it  is  the  most  complete  history 
of  our  fevers  which  has  yet  been  published,  and 
every  practitioner  should  avail  himself  of  its  con- 
tents.— The  Western  Lancet. 


BUCKLER  (T.  H.),  M.  D., 

Formerly  Physician  to  the  Baltimore  Almshouse  Infirmary,  &c. 

ON  THE  ETIOLOaY,  PATHOLOGY,  AND  TREATMENT  OF  FIBRO- 

BRONCHITIS  AND  KHEUMATIC  PNEUMONIA.    In  one  8vo.  volume,  extra  cloth,  pp.  150. 

BOWMAN  (JOHN    E.),  M.D. 
PRACTICAL   HANDBOOK    OF    MEDICAL    CHEMISTRY.     Second  Ame- 

rican,  from  tlie  third  and  revised  Engli^^h  Edition.     In  one  neat  volume,  royal  12mo.,  with  nu- 
merous illustrations,     pp.  288.    {Now  Ready.) 

BY  THE  SAME  AUTHOR. 

INTRODUCTION    TO    PRACTICAL    CHEMISTRY,    INCLUDING    ANA- 

Lysis.     With  numerous  illustrations.    In  one  neat  volume,  royal  12mo.    pp.350. 


BARLOW   (GEORGE  H.),    M.  D. 

A  MANUAL  OF  THE    PRACTICE   OP  MEDICINE.     With  Notes  and  Ad- 

ditions  by  the  American  Editor.     In  one  octavo  volume.     (Now  Ready.) 

The  position  of  the  author  as  physician  to  Guy's  Hospital  and  other  large  public  institutions,  is 
a  sufficient  guarantee  of  the  extent  and  value  of  the  experience  which  is  here  systematically  re- 
corded and  condensed.  His  aim  throughout  has  been  to  produce  a  •practical  work,  on  which  the 
student  can  rely  as  a  guide,  and  to  which  the  practitioner  can  refer  with  confidence.  The  additions 
by  the  editor  comprise  chapters  on  Cerebro-spinal  Meningitis,  Cholera  Infantum,  and  Yellow  Fever, 
besides  numerous  notes  wherever  the  diseases  or  practice  of  this  country  seemed  to  render  them 
necessary  or  desirable. 


BEALE  (LIONEL    JOHN),  M.  R.  C.  S.,  &c. 
THE    LAWS   OF    HEALTH   IN   RELATION   TO    MIND   AND   BODY. 

A  Series  of  Letters  from  an  old  Practitioner  to  a  Patient.    In  one  volume,  royal  12mo.    pp.  296. 

BLOOD  AND   URINE  (MANUALS  ON). 
BY  JOHN  WILLIAM   GRIFFITH,   G.  OWEN  REESE,   AND  ALFRED 

MARKWICK.     One  thick  volume,  royal  12mo.,  extra  cloth,  with  plates,    pp.  460. 


BRODIE  (SIR  BENJAMIN   C),  M.  D.,  &.c. 
CLINICAL  LECTURES  ON  SURGERY.     1  vol.  8vo.,  cloth.     350  pp. 


COLOMBAT  DE  L'ISERE. 
A  TREATISE   ON   THE    DISEASES    OF   FEMALES,  and  on  the  Special 

Hygiene  of  their  Sex.  Translated,  with  many  Notes  and  Additions,  by  C.  D.  Meigs,  M.  D. 
Second  edition,  revised  and  improved.  la  one  large  volume,  octavo,  with  numerous  wood-cuts. 
pp.  720. 


The  treatise  of  M.  Colombat  is  a  learned  and  la- 
borious commentary  on  these  diseases,  indicating 
very  considerable  research,  great  accuracy  of  judg- 
ment, and  no  inconsiderable  personal  experience. 
With  the  copious  notes  and  additions  of  its  experi- 


enced and  very  erudite  translator  and  editor,  Dr. 
Meigs,  it  presents,  probably,  one  of  the  most  com- 
plete and  comprehensive  works  on  the  subject  w^e 
possess. — American  Med.  Journal. 


CURLING    (T.     B.),    F.  R.S., 
Surgeon  to  the  London  Hospital,  &c. 

A  PRACTICAL  TREATISE  ON  DISEASES  OF  THE  TESTIS,  SPERMA- 

TIC  CORD,  AND  SCROTUM.     Second  American,  from  the  second  and  enlarged  English  edi- 
tion.    La  one  handsome  octavo  volume,  with  numerous  illustrations.     (At  Press.) 


COPLAND  (JAMES),  M.  D.,  F.  R.  S.,  &.c. 
m   THE  CAUSES,  NATURE,  AND  TREATMENT  OF  PALSY  AND 

APOPLEXY.    In  one  volume,  royal  12mo.,  extra  cloth,    pp.  326. 


BLANCHARD  &  LEA'S   MEDICAL 


CARPENTER  (WILLIAM    B.),   M.  D.,  F.  R.  S.,  &.C., 

Examiner  in  Physiology  and  Comparative  Anatomy  in  the  University  of  London. 

PRINCIPLES  OF  HUMAN  PHYSIOLOG-Y;  with  their  chief  applications  to 

Psychology,  Pathology,  Therapeutics,  Hygiene,  and  Forensic  Medicine.  A  new  American,  from 
the  last  and  revised  London  edition.  With  nearly  three  hundred  illustrations.  Edited,  with  addi- 
tions, by  Francis  Gurney  Smith,  M.  D.,  Professor  of  the  Institutes  of  Medicine  in  the  Pennsyl- 
vania Medical  College,  &c.  In  one  very  large  and  beautiful  octavo  volume,  of  about  nine  hundred 
large  pages,  handsomely  printed  and  strongly  bound  in  leather,  with  raised  bands.     (Now  Ready.) 

The  most  complete  work  on  the  science  in  our 
language. — Am.  Med.  Journal. 

The  most  complete  exposition  of  physiology  which 
any  language  can  at  present  give. — Brit,  and  For. 
Med.-Chirurg.  Kevieiv. 

We  have  thus  adverted  to  some  of  the  leading 
"additions  and  alterations,"  which  have  been  in- 
troduced by  the  author  into  this  edition  of  his  phy- 
siology. These  will  be  found,  however,  very  far  to 
exceed  the  ordinary  limits  of  a  new  edition,  "  the 
old  materials  having  been  incorporated  with  the 
new,  rather  than  the  new  with  the  old."_  It  now 
certainly  presents  the  most  complete  treatise  on  the 
subject  within  the  reach  of  the  American  reader; 
and  while,  for  availability  as  a  text-book,  we  may 
perhaps  regret  its  growth  in  bulk,  we  are  sure  that 
the  student  of  physiology  will  feel  the  impossibility 
of  presenting  a  thorough  digest  of  the  facts  of  the 
science  within  a  more  limited  compass. — Medical 
Examiner. 

The  greatest,  the  most  reliable,  and  the  best  book 
OB  the  subject  which  we  know  of  in  the  English 
language. — Stethoscope. 

The  most  complete  work  now  extant  in  our  lan- 
guage.— N.  O.  Med.  Register. 

The  changes  are  too  numerous  to  admit  of  an  ex- 
tended notice  in  this  place.  At  every  point  where 
the  recent  diligent  labors  of  organic  chemists  and 
micrographers  have  furnished  interesting  and  valu-  , 

able  facts,  they  have  been  appropriated,  and  no  pains  '  nouncement  of  its  appearance  will  afford  the  highest 
have  been  spared,  in  so  incorporating  and  arranging  j  pleasure  to  every  student  of  Physiology,  while  its 
them  that  the  work  may  constitute  one  harmonious  '  perusal  will  be  of  infinite  service  in  advancing 
system. Southern  Med.  and  Surg.  Journal.  '  physiological  science. — Ohio  Med.  and  Surg.  Journ. 


The  best  text-book  in  the  language  on  this  ex- 
tensive subject. — London  Med.  Times. 

A  complete  cyclopcedia  of  this  branch  of  science. 
—N.  Y.  Med.  Times. 

The  standard  of  authority  on  physiological  sub- 
jects. *  *  *  In  the  present  edition,  to  particularize 
the  alterations  and  additions  ■which  have  been  made, 
would  require  a  review  of  the  whole  work,  since 
scarcely  a  subject  has  not  been  revised  and  altered, 
added  to,  or  entirely  remodelled  to  adapt  it  to  the 
present  state  of  the  science. — Charleston  Med.  Journ. 

Any  reader  who  desires  a  treatise  on  physiology 
may  feel  himself  entirely  safe  in  ordering  this. — 
Western  Med.  and  Surg.  Journal. 

From  this  hasty  and  imperfect  allusion  it  -will  be 
seen  by  our  readers  that  the  alterations  and  addi- 
tions to  this  edition  render  it  almost  a  new  work — 
and  we  can  assure  our  readers  that  it  is  one  of  the 
best  summaries  of  the  existing  facts  of  physiological 
science  within  the  reach  of  the  English  student  and 
physician. — N.  Y.  Journal  of  Medicine. 

The  profession  of  this  country,  and  perhaps  also 
of  Europe,  have  anxiously  and  for  some  time  awaited 
the  announcement  of  this  new  edition  of  Carpenter's 
Human  Physiology.  His  former  editions  have  for 
many  years  been  almost  the  only  text-book  on  Phy- 
siology in  all  our  medical  schools,  and  its  circula- 
tion among  the  profession  has  been  unsurpassed  by 
any  work  m  any  department  of  medical  science. 

It  is  quite  unnecessary  for  us  to  speak  of  this 
work  as  its  merits  would  justify.     The  mere  an- 


BT   THE   SAME   AUTHOR.      {NoW  Ready.) 

PRINCIPLES  OF  COMPARATIVE  PHYSIOLOaY.     New  American,  from 

the  Fourth  and  Revised  London  edition.     In  one  large  and  handsome  octavo  volume,  with  over 

three  hundred  beautiful  illustrations,  pp.  752. 
»  The  delay  which  has  existed  in  the  appearance  of  this  work  has  been  caused  by  the  very  thorough 
revision  and  remodelling  which  it  has  undergone  at  the  hands  of  the  author,  and  the  large  number 
of  new  illustrations  which  have  been  prepared  for  it.  It  will,  therefore,  be  found  almost  a  new 
work,  and  fully  up  to  the  day  in  every  department  of  the  subject,  rendering  it  a  reliable  text-book 
for  all  students  engaged  in  this  branch  of  science.  Every  eflbrt  has  been  made  to  render  its  typo- 
graphical finish  and  mechanical  execution  worthy  of  its  exalted  reputation,  and  creditable  to  the 
mechanical  arts  of  this  country. 


This  book  should  not  only  be  read  but  thoroughly 
studied  by  every  member  of  the  profession.  None 
are  too  wise  or  old,  to  be  benefited  thereby.  But 
especially  to  the  younger  class  would  we  cordially 
commend  it  as  best  fitted  of  any  work  in  the  English 
language  to  qualify  them  for  the  reception  and  com- 
prehension of  those  truths  which  are  daily  being  de- 
veloped in  physiology. — Medical  Counsellor. 

Without  pretending  to  it,  it  is  an  Encyclopedia  of 
the  subject,  accurate  and  complete  in  all  respects — 
a  truthful  reflection  of  the  advanced  state  at  which 
the  science  has  now  arrived. — Dublin  Quarterly 
Journal  of  Medical  Science. 

A  truly  magnificent  work — in  itself  a  perfect  phy- 
siological study. — Ranking^s  Abstract. 

This  work  stands  without  its  fellow.  It  is  one 
few  men  in  Europe  could  have  undertaken ;  it  is  one 


no  man,  w^e  believe,  could  have  brought  to  so  suc- 
cessful an  issue  as  Dr.  Carpenter.  It  required  for 
its  production  a  phj'siologist  at  once  deeply  read  in 
the  labors  of  others,  capable  of  taking  a  general, 
critical,  and  unprejudiced  view  of  those  labors,  and 
of  combining  the  varied,  lieterogeneous  mtiterials  .-it 
his  disposal,  so  as  to  form  an  liarmonious  whole. 
We  feel  that  this  abstract  can  give  the  reader  a  very 
imperfect  idea  of  the  fulness  of  this  work,  and  no 
idea  of  its  unity,  of  the  admirable  manner  in  which 
material  has  been  brought,  from  the  most  various 
sources,  to  conduce  to  its  completeness,  of  the  lucid- 
ity of  the  reasoning  it  contains,  or  of  the  clearness 
of  language  in  which  the  whole  is  clothed.  Not  the 
profession  only,  but  the  scientific  world  at  large, 
must  feel  deeply  indebted  to  Dr.  Carpenter  for  this 
great  work.  It  must,  indeed,  add  largely  even  to 
his  high  reputation. — Medical  Times. 


BY  THE  SAME  AUTHOR..     {Preparing.) 

PRINCIPLES  OF    GENERAL   PHYSIOLOGY,    INCLUDING   ORGANIC 

CHEMISTRY  AND   HISTOLOGV.     With  a  General  Sketch  of  the  Vegetable  and  Animal 
Kingdom.     In  one  large  and  very  handsome  octavo  volume,  with  several  hundred  illustrations. 
The  subject  of  general  physiology  having  been  omitted  in  the  last  edition  of  the  author's  "Com- 
parative Physiology,"  he  has  undertaken  to  prepare  a  volume  which  shall  present  it  more  tho- 
roughly and  fully  than  has  yet  been  attempted,  and  which  may  be  regarded  as  an  introduction  to 
ius  other  vrorks. 


AND    SCIENTIFIC   PUBLICATIONS. 


CARPENTER  (WILLIAM   B.),   M .  D.,  F.  R,  S., 

Examiner  in  Physiology  and  Comparative  Anatomy  in  tlie  University  of  London. 

ELEMENTS  (OR  MANUAL)  OP  PHYSIOLOGY,  INCLUDING  PHYSIO- 
LOGICAL ANATOMY.  Second  American,  from  a  new  and  revised  London  edition.  With 
one  hundred  and  ninety  illustrations.     In  one  very  handsome  octavo  volume,     pp.  566. 

In  publishing  the  first  edition  of  this  work,  its  title  was  altered  from  that  of  the  London  volume, 
by  the  substitution  of  the  word  "Elements"  for  that  of  "  Manual,"  and  with  the  author's  sanction 
the  title  of  "  Elements"  is  still  retained  as  being  more  expressive  of  the  scope  of  the  treatise. 


To  say  that  it  is  the  best  manual  of  Physiology 
HOW  before  the  public,  would  not  do  sufficient  justice 
to  the  author. — Buffalo  Medical  Journal. 

In  his  former  works  it  would  seem  that  he  had 
exhausted  the  subject  of  Physiolog5^  In  the  present, 
he  gives  the  essence,  as  it  were,  of  the  whole. — N.  Y. 
Journal  of  Medicine. 

Those  who  have  occasion  for  an  elementary  trea- 
tise on  Physiology,  cannot  do  better  than  to  possess 
themselves  of  the  manual  of  Dr.  Carpenter. — Medical 
Examiner. 


The  best  and  most  complete  expos6  of  modern 
Physiology,  in  one  volume,  extant  in  the  English 
language. — St.  Louis  Medical  Journal. 

With  such  an  aid  in  his  hand,  there  is  no  excuse 
for  the  ignorance  often  displayed  respecting  the  sub- 
jects of  which  it  treats.  From  its  unpretending  di- 
mensions, it  may  not  be  so  esteemed  by  those  anxious 
to  make  a  parade  of  their  erudition;  but  whoever 
masters  its  contents  will  have  reason  to  be  proud  of 
his  physiological  acquirements.  The  illustrations 
are  well  selected  and  finely  executed. — Dublin  Med. 
Press. 


BY  THE  SAME  AUTHOR.     {Nearly  Ready.) 

THE  MICROSCOPE  AND  ITS  REVELATIONS.     In  one  handsome  volume, 

with  several  hundred  beautiful  illustrations. 

Various  literary  engagements  have  delayed  the  aulhor's  progress  with  this  long  expected  work. 
It  is  now,  however,  in  an  advanced  state  of  preparation,  and  may  be  expected  in  a  few  months. 
The  importance  which  the  microscope  has  assumed  within  the  last  few  years,  both  as  a  guide  to 
the  practising  phj^sician  who  wishes  to  avail  himself  of  the  progress  of  his  science,  and  as  an  indis- 
pensable assistant  to  the  physiological  and  pathological  observer,  has  caused  the  want  to  be  severely 
felt  of  a  volume  which  should  serve  as  a  guide  to  the  learner  and  a  book  of  reference  to  the  more 
advanced  student.  This  want  Dr.  Carpenter  has  endeavored  to  supply  in  the  present  volume.  His 
great  practical  familiarity  with  the  instrument  and  all  its  uses,  and  liis  acknowledged  abiliiy  as  a 
teacher,  are  a  sufficient  guarantee  that  the  work  will  prove  in  every  way  admirably  adapted  to  its 
purpose,  and  superior  to  any  as  yet  presented  to  the  scientific  world. 

BY   THE   SAME   AUTHOR. 

A  PRIZE  ESSAY  ON  THE  USE  OF  ALCOHOLIC  LIQUORS  IN  HEALTH 

AND  DISEASE.     New  edition,  with  a  Preface  by  D.  F.  CoNDtE,  M.  D.,  and  explanations  of 
scientific  words.     In  one  neat  r2mo.  volume,    pp.  178.     {Just  Issued.) 


CHELIUS   (J.  M.),   M.  D., 

Professor  of  Surgery  in  the  University  of  Heidelberg,  &c. 

A  SYSTEM  OF  SURGERY.     Translated  from  the  German,  and  accompanied 

with  additional  Notes  and  References,  by  John  F.  South.     Complete  in  three  very  large  octavo 
volumes,  of  nearly  2200  pages,  strongly  bound,  with  raised  bands  and  double  titles. 
We  do  not  hesitate  to  pronounce  it  the  best  and 

most  comprehensive  sj'stem  of  modern  surgery  with 

which  we  are  acquainted. — Medico-C hirurgical  Re- 


view. 
The  fullest  and  ablest  digest  extant  of  all  that  re- 


lates to  the  present  advanced  state  of  surgical  pa- 
thology.— American  Medical  Journal. 


The  most  learned  and  complete  systematic  treatise 
now  extant.—  Edinburgh  Medical  Journal. 


CLYMER  (MEREDITH),  M.  D.,  &c. 
FEVERS;     THEIR    DIAGNOSIS,    PATHOLOGY,    AND    TREATMENT. 

Prepared  and  Edited,  with  large  Additions,  from  the  Essays  on  Fever  in  Tweedie's  Library  of 
T>_..,..;„„i  i\/r.,.i.„,- —      jj^  pj^g  octavo  volume,  of  600  pages. 


Practical  Medicine. 


CHRISTISON  (ROBERT),  M.  D,,  V.  P.  R.  S.  E.,  &c. 

A  DISPENSATORY;  or.  Commentary  on  the  Pharmacopoeias  of  Great  Britain 

and  the  United  States;  comprising  the  Natural  History,  Description,  Chemistry,  Pharmacy,  Ac- 
tions, Uses,  and  Doses  of  the  Articles  of  the  Materia  Medica.  Second  edition,  revised  and  im- 
proved, with  a  Supplement  containing  the  most  important  New  Remedies.  With  copious  Addi- 
tions, and  two  hundred  and  thirteen  large  wood-engravings.  By  R.  Eglesfeld  Griffith,  M.  D. 
In  one  very  large  and  handsome  octavo  volume,  of  over  1000  pages. 

There  is  not  in  any  language  a  more  complete  and 
perfect  Treatise. — N.  Y.  Annalist. 

In  conclusion,  we  need  scarcely  say  that  we 
strongly  recommend  this  work  to  all  classes  of  our 
readers.  As  a  Dispensatory  and  commentary  on  the 
Pharmacoposias,  it  is  unrivalled  in  the  English  or 
any  other  language. —  The  Dublin  Quarterly  Journal . 


It  is  not  needful  that  we  should  compare  it  with 
the  other  pharmacopoeias  extant,  which  enjoy  and 
merit  the  confidence  of  the  profession  ;  it  is  enough 
to  say  that  it  appears  to  us  as  perfect  as  a  Dispensa- 
tory, in  the  present  state  of  pharmaceutical  science, 
could  be  made.  If  it  omits  any  details  pertaining  to 
this  branch  of  knowledge  which  the  student  has  a 
right  to  expect  in  such  a  work,  we  confess  the  omis- 
sion has  escaped  our  scrutiny.  We  cordially  recom- 
mend th  is  work  to  such  of  our  readers  as  are  in  need 
of  a  Dispensatory.  They  cannot  make  choice  of  a 
better. — Western  Journ.  of  Medicine  and  Surgery. 


We  earnestly  recommend  Dr.  Christison's  Dis- 
pensatory to  all  our  readers,  as  an  indispensable 
companion,  not  in  theStudy  only,  but  in  the  Surgery 
also. — British  and  Foreign  Medical  Review. 


8  BLANCHARD  &  LEA'S  MEDICAL 

CONDIE  (D.  F.),  M.  D.,  &c. 
A  PRACTICAL  TREATISE  ON  THE  DISEASES  OF  CHILDREN.    Fourth 

edition,  revised  and  augmented.  In  one  large  volume,  8vo.,  of  nearly  750  pages.  {Lately  Issued.) 
Feom  the  Author's  Preface. 

The  demand  for  another  edition  has  afforded  the  author  an  opportunity  of  again  subjecting  the 
entire  treatise  to  a  careful  revision,  and  of  incorporating  in  it  every  important  observation  recorded 
since  the  appearance  of  the  last  edition,  in  reference  to  the  pathology  and  therapeutics  of  the  several 
diseases  of  vs-'hich  it  treats. 

In  the  preparation  of  the  present  edition,  as  in  those  which  have  preceded,  while  the  author  has 
appropriated  to  his  use  every  important  fact  that  he  has  found  recorded  in  the  works  of  others, 
having  a  direct  bearing  upon  either  of  the  subjects  of  which  he  treats,  and  the  numerous  valuable 
observations — pathological  as  well  as  practical — dispersed  throughout  the  pages  of  the  medical 
journals  of  Europe  and  America,  he  has,  nevertheless,  relied  chiefly  upon  his  own  observations  and 
experience,  acquired  during  a  long  and  somewhat  extensive  practice,  and  under  circumstances  pe- 
culiarly well  adapted  for  the  clinical  study  of  the  diseases  of  early  life. 

Every  species  of  hypothetical  reasoning  has,  as  much  as  possible,  been  avoided.  The  author  iias 
endeavored  throughout  the  work  to  confine  himself  to  a  simple  statement  of  well-ascertained  patho- 
logical facts,  and  plain  therapeutical  directions — his  chief  desire  being  to  render  it  what  its  title 
imports  it  to  be,  a  practical  treatise  on  the  diseases  of  children. 


Dr.  Condie's  scholarship,  aeumenj  industry,  and 
practical  sense  are  manifested  in  this,  as  in  all  his 
numerous  contributions  to  science. — Dr.  Holvies^s 
Report  to  the  American  Medical  Association. 

Taken  as  a  virhole,  in  our  judgment.  Dr.  Condie's 
Treatise  is  the  one  from  the  perusal  of  which  the 
practitioner  in  this  country  will  rise  with  the  great- 
est satisfaction  — Western  Journal  of  Medicine  and 
Surgery. 

One  of  the  best  works  upon  the  Diseases  of  Chil- 
dren in  the  English  language. — Western  Lancet. 

Perhaps  the  most  full  and  complete  work  now  be- 
fore the  profession  of  the  United  States ;  indeed,  we 
may  say  in  the  English  language.  It  is  vastly  supe- 
rior to  most  of  its  predecessors. — Transylvania  Med. 
Journal. 


We  feel  assured  from  actual  experience  that  no 
physician's  library  can  be  complete  Avithout  a  copy 
of  this  work. — N.  Y.  Journal  of  Medicine. 

A  veritable  pajdiatric  encyclopaedia,  and  an  honor 
to  American  medical  literature. — Ohio  Medical  and 
Surgical  Journal. 

We  feel  persuaded  that  the  American  medical  pro- 
fession will  soon  regard  it  not  only  as  a  very  good, 
but  as  the  very  best  "Practical  Treatise  on  the 
Diseases  of  Children." — American  Medical  Journal. 

We  pronounced  the  first  edition  to  be  the  best 
work  on  the  diseases  of  children  in  the  English 
language,  and,  notwithstanding  all  that  has  been 
published,  we  still  regard  it  in  that  light. — Medical 
Examiner. 


COOPER  (BRANSBY   B,),  F.  R.  S., 

Senior  Surgeon  to  Guy's  Hospital,  &c. 

LECTURES  ON  THE   PRINCIPLES   AND   PRACTICE   OF   SURGERY. 

In  one  very  large  octavo  volume,  of  750  pages.    (Lateli/  Issued.) 


For  twenty-five  years  Mr.  Bransby  Cooper  has 
been  surgeon  to  Guy's  Hospital ;  and  the  volume 
before  us  may  be  said  to  consist  of  an  account  of 
the  results  of  his  surgical  experience  during  that 
long  period.    We  cordially  recommend  Mr.  Bransby 


Cooper's  Lectures  as  a  most  valuable  addition  te 
our  surgical  literature,  and  one  which  cannot  fail 
to  be  of  service  both  to  students  and  to  those  who 
are  actively  engaged  in  the  practice  of  their  profes- 
sion.— The  Lancet. 


COOPER  (SIR  ASTLEY   P.),   F.  R.  S.,  &.c. 
A  TREATISE  ON  DISLOCATIONS  AND  FRACTURES  OF  THE  JOINTS. 

Edited  by  Bransby  B.  Cooper,  F.  R.  S.,  &c.  With  additional  Observations  by  Prof  J.  C. 
Warren.  A  new  American  edition.  In  one  handsome  octavo  volume,  of  about  500  pages,  with 
numerous  illustrations  on  wood. 

BY  THE   SAME   AUTHOR. 

ON  THE  ANATOMY  AND  TREATMENT  OP  ABDOMINAL  HERNIA. 

One  large  volume,  imperial  8vo.,  with  over  130  lithographic  figures. 

BY   the   SAME   AUTHOR. 

ON   THE   STRUCTURE   AND   DISEASES    OF  THE  TESTIS,  AND  ON 

THE  THYMUS  GLAND.    One  vol.  imperial  8vo.,  with  177  figures,  on  29  plates. 

BY  THE   SAME   AUTHOR. 

ON  THE  ANATOMY  AND  DISEASES  OF  THE  BREAST,  with  twenty- 

five  Miscellaneous  and  Surgical  Papers.     One  large  volume,  imperial  8vo.,  with  252  figures,  on 

36  plates. 

These  last  three  volumes  complete  the  sui^ical  writings  of  Sir  Astley  Cooper.  They  are  very 
handsomely  printed,  with  a  large  number  of  lithographic  plates,  executed  in  the  best  style,  and  are 
presented  at  exceedingly  low  prices. 


CARSON   (JOSEPH),  M.  D., 

Professor  of  Materia  Medica  and  Pharmacy  in  the  University  of  Pennsylvania. 

SYNOPSIS  OF  THE  COURSE  OF  LECTURES  ON  MATERIA  MEDICA 

AND  PHARMACY,  delivered  in  the  University  of  Pennsylvania.     Second  and  revised  edi- 
Uoa.    In  one  very  neat  octavo  volume,  of  208  pages.     {Now  Heady.) 


AND    SCIENTIFIC    PUBLICATIONS. 


CHURCHILL  (FLEETWOOD),  M .  D.,  M.  R.  I,  A. 
ON  THE  THEORY  AND  PRACTICE  OP  MIDWIFERY.  A  new  American, 

from  the  last  and  improved  English  edition.  Edited,  with  Notes  and  Additions,  by  D.  Francis 
CoNDiE,  M.  D.,  autlior  of  a  "Practical  Treatise  on  the  Diseases  of  Children,"  &c.  With  139 
illustrations.    In  one  very  handsome  octavo  volume,  pp.  510.     (Lately  Issued.) 


To  bestow  praise  on  a  book  that  has  received  such 
marked  approbation  would  be  superfluous.  We  need 
only  say,  therefore,  that  if  the  first  edition  was 
thought'  worthy  of  a  favorable  reception  by  the 
medical  public,  we  can  confidently  affirm  that  this 
will  be  found' much  more  so.  The  lecturer,  the 
practitioner,  and  the  student,  may  all  have  recourse 
to  its  pages,  and  derive  from  their  perusal  much  in- 
terest and  instruction  in  everything  relating  to  theo- 
retical and  practical  midwifery. — Dublin  Quarterly 
Journal  of  Medical  Science. 

A  work  of  very  great  merit,  and  such  as  we  can 
confidently  recommend  to  the  study  of  every  obste- 
tric practitioner. — London  Medical  Gazette. 

This  is  certainly  the  most  perfect  system  extant. 
It  is  the  best  adapted  for  the  purposes  of  a  text- 
book, and  that  which  he  whose  necessities  confine 
him  to  one  book,  should  select  in  preference  to  all 
others. — Southern  Medical  and  Surgical  Jourital. 

The  most  popular  work  on  midwifery  ever  issued 
from  the  American  press. — Charleston  Med.  Journal. 

Were  we  reduced  to  the  necessity  of  having  but 
one  work  on  midwifery,  and  permitted  to  choose, 
we  would  unhesitatingly  take  Churchill. — Western 
Med.  and  Surg,  journal. 

It  is  impossible  to  conceive  a  more  useful  and 
elegant  manual  than  Dr.  Churchill's  Practice  of 
Midwifery. — Provincial  Medical  Journal. 

Certainly,  in  our  opinion,  the  very  best  work  on 
the  subject  which  exists. — N.  Y.  Annalist. 


No  work  holds  a  higher  position,  or  is  more  de- 
serving of  being  placed  in  the  hands  of  the  tyro, 
the  advanced  student,  or  the  practitioner. — Medical 
Examiner. 

Previous  editions,  under  the  editorial  supervision 
of  Prof  R.  M.  Huston,  have  been  received  with 
marked  favor,  and  they  deserved  it ;  but  this,  re- 
printed from  a  very  late  Dublin  edition,  carefully 
revised  and  brought  up  by  the  author  to  the  present 
time,  does  present  an  unusually  accurate  and  able 
exposition  of  every  important  particular  embraced 
in  the  department  of  midwifery.  *  *  The  clearness, 
directness,  and  precision  of  its  teachings,  together 
with  the  great  amount  of  statistical  research  which 
its  text  exhibits,  have  served  to  place  it  already  in 
the  foremost  rank  of  works  in  this  department  of  re- 
medial science. — N.  O.  Med.  and  Surg.  Journal. 

In  our  opinion,  it  forms  one  of  the  best  if  not  th^ 
very  best  text-book  and  epitome  of  obstetric  science 
which  ■we  at  present  possess  in  the  English  lan- 
guage.— Monthly  Journal  of  Medical  Science. 

The  clearness  and  precision  of  style  in  which  it  is 
written,  and  the  greatamount  of  statistical  research 
which  it  contains,  have  served  to  place  it  in  the  first 
rank  of  works  in  this  department  of  medical  science. 
—  N.  Y.  Journal  of  Medicine. 

Few  treatises  will  be  found  better  adapted  as  a 
text-book  for  the  student,  or  as  a  manual  for  the 
frequent  consultation  of  the  young  practitioner. — 
American  Medical  Journal. 


BY   THE   SAME  AUTHOR. 


ON  THE  DISEASES  OF  INFANTS  AND  CHILDREN. 

handsome  volume  of  over  600  pages. 


In  one  large  and 


We  regard  this  volume  as  possessing  more  claims 
to  completeness  than  any  other  of  the  kind  with 
which  we  are  acquamted.  Most  cordially  and  earn- 
estly, therefore,  do  we  commend  it  to  our  profession- 
al brethren,  and  we  feel  assured  that  the  stamp  of 
their  approbation  will  indue  time  be  impressed  upon 
it.  After  an  attentive  perusal  of  its  contents,  we 
hesitate  not  to  say,  that  it  is  one  of  the  most  com- 
prehensive ever  written  upon  the  diseases  of  chil- 
dren, and  that,  for  copiousness  of  reference,  extent  of 
research,  and  perspicuity  of  detail,  it  is  scarcely  to 
be  equalled,  and  not  to  be  excelled,  in  any  lan- 
guage.— Dublin  Quarterly  Journal. 

After  this  meagre,  and  we  know,  very  imperfect 
notice  of  Dr.  Churchill's  work,  we  shall  conclude 
by  saying,  that  it  is  one  that  cannot  fail  from  its  co- 
piousness, extensive  research,  and  general  accuracy, 
to  exalt  still  higher  the  reputation  of  the  author  in 
this  country.  The  American  reader  will  be  particu- 
larly pleased  to  find  that  Dr.  Churchill  has  done  full 
justice  throughout  his  work  to  the  various  American 
authors  on  this  subject.  The  names  of  Dewees, 
Eberle,  Condie,  and  Stewart,  occur  on  nearly  every 
page,  and  these  authors  are  constantly  referred  toby 
the  author  m  terms  of  the  highest  praise,  and  w^ith 
the  most  liberal  courtesy. — The  Medical  Examiner. 


The  present  volume  will  sustain  the  reputation 
acquired  by  the  author  from  his  previous  works. 
The  reader  will  find  in  it  full  and  judicious  direc- 
tions for  the  management  of  infants  at  birth,  and  a 
compendious,  but  cle^r  account  of  the  diseases  to 
which  children  are  liable,  and  the  most  successful 
mode  of  treating  them.  We  must  not  close  this  no- 
tice without  catling  attention  to  tlie  author's  style, 
which  is  perspicuous  and  polished  to  a  degree,  we 
regret  to  say,  not  generally  characteristic  of  medica. 
works.  We  recommend  the  work  of  Dr.  Churchill 
most  cordially,  both  to  students  and  practitioners, 
as  a  valuable  and  reliable  guide  in  the  treatment  of 
the  diseases  of  children. — Am,.  Joum.  of  the  Med. 
Sciences. 

We  know  of  no  work  on  this  department  of  Prac- 
tical Medicine  which  presents  so  candid  and  unpre- 
judiced a  statement  or  posting  up  of  our  actual 
knowledge  as  this. — N.  Y.  Journal  of  Medicine. 

Its  claims  to  merit  both  as  a  scientific  and  practi- 
cal work,  are  of  the  highest  order.  Whilst  we 
would  not  elevate  it  above  every  other  .treatise  on 
the  same  subject,  we  certainly  believe  that  very  few 
are  equal  to  it,  and  none  superior. — Southern  Med. 
and  Surgical  Journal. 


BY   THE  SAME   AUTHOR. 


ESSAYS  ON  THE  PUERPERAL  FEVER,  AND  OTHER  DISEASES  PE- 
CULIAR TO  WOJMEN.  Selected  from  the  writings  of  British  Authors  previous  to  the  close  of 
the  Eighteenth  Century.    In  one  neat  octavo  volume,  of  about  four  hundred  and  fifty  pages. 


To  these  papers  Dr.  Churchill  has  appended  notes, 
embodying  whatever  information  has  been  laid  be- 
fore the  profession  since  their  authors'  time.  He  has 
also  prefixed  to  the  Essays  on  Puerperal  Fever, 
which  occupy  the  larger  portion  of  the  volume,  an 
interesting  historical  sketch  of  the  principal  epi- 


demics of  that  disease.  The  whole  forms  a  very 
valuable  collection  of  papers,  by  professional  writers 
of  eminence,  on  some  of  the  most  importantaccidents 
to  which  the  puerperal  female  is  liable. — A?nerican 
Journal  of  Medical  Sciences, 


10 


BLANCHARD    &    LEA'S    MEDICAL 


CHURCHILL  (FLEETWOOD),    M.  D.,  M.  R.  I .  A.,    &.c. 

ON  THE  DISEASES  OF  WOMEN;  including  those  of  Pregnancy  and  Child- 
bed. A  new  American  edition,  revised  by  the  Author.  With  Notes  and  Additions,  by  D  Fran- 
cis CoNDiE,  M.  D.,  author  of  "A  Practical  Treatise  on  the  Diseases  of  Children."  in  one  large 
and  handsome  octavo  volume,  with  wood-cuts,  pp.  684.     (J'7ist  Issued.) 

"We  now  regretfully  take  leave  of  Dr.  Churchill's 
book.  Had  our  tj-pographical  limits  permitted,  we 
should  gladly  have  borro-\ved  more  from  its  richly 


stored  pages.  In  conclusion,  we  heartily  recom 
mend  it  to  the  profession,  and  would  at  the  same 
time  express  our  firm  conviction  that  it  will  not  only 
add  to  the  reputation  of  its  author,  but  will  prove  a 
work  of  great  and  extensive  utility  to  obstetric 
practitioners. — Dublin  Medical  Press. 

Former  editions  of  this  work  have  been  noticed  in 
previous  numbers  of  the  Journal.  The  sentiments  of 
high  commendation  expressed  in  tho.«e  notices,  have 
only  to  be  repeated  in  this;  not  from  the  fact  that 
the  profession  at  large  are  not  aware  of  the  high 
merits  w^hich  this  work  really  possesses,  but  from  a 
desire  to  see  the  principles  and  doctrines  therein 
contained  more  generally  recognized,  and  more  uni- 
versally carried  out  in  practice. — N.  Y.  Journal  of 
Medicine. 

AVe  know  of  no  author  ^vho  deserves  that  appro- 
bation, on  "  the  diseases  of  females,"  to  the  same 
extent  that  Dr.  Churchill  does.  His,  indeed,  is  the 
only  thorough  treatise  ^ve  know  of  on  the  subject; 
and  it  may  be  commended  to  practitioners  and  stu- 
dents as  a  masterpiece  in  its  particular  department. 
The  former  editions  of  this  work  have  been  com- 
mended strongly  in  this  journal,  and  they  have  won 
their  way  to  an  extended,  and  a  well-deserved  popu- 


larity. This  fifth  edition,  before  us,  is  w^ell  calcu- 
lated to  maintain  Dr.  ChurchilPs  high  reputation. 
It  was  revised  and  enlarged  by  the  author,  for  his 
American  publishers,  and  it  seems  to  us  that  there  is 
scarcely  any  species  of  desirable  information  on  its 
subjects  that  may  not  be  found  in  this  work. — Tht 
Western  Journal  of  Medicine  and  Surgery. 

AVe  are  gratified  to  announce  a  new  and  revised 
edition  of  Dr.  Churchill's  valuable  work  on  the  dis- 
eases of  females  We  have  ever  regarded  it  as  one 
of  the  very  best  w^orks  on  the  sulijects  embraced 
within  its  scope,  in  the  English  language;  and  the 
present  edition,  enlarged  and  revised  by" the  author, 
renders  it  still  more  entitled  to  the  confidence  of  the 
profession.  The  valuable  notes  of  Prof.  Huston 
have  been  retained,  and  contribute,  in  no  small  de- 
gree, to  enhance  the  value  of  the  work.  It  is  a 
source  of  congratulation  that  the  publishers  have 
permitted  the  author  to  be,  in  this  instance,  his 
own  editor,  thus  securing  all  the  revision  which 
an  author  alone  is  capable  of  making. — The  Western 
Lancet. 

As  a  comprehensive  manual  for  students,  or  a 
work  of  reference  for  practitioners,  we  only  speak 
with  common  justice  when  we  say  that  it  surpasses 
any  other  that  has  ever  issued  on  the  same  sub- 
ject from  the  British  press. — The  Dublin  Quarterly 
Journal. 


DICKSON   (S.    H.),    M.  D., 

Professor  of  Institutes  and  Practice  of  Medicine  in  the  Medical  College  of  South  Carolina. 

ELEMENTS  OF  MEDICINE;    a  Compendious  View  of  Pathology  and  Thera- 

peuiics,  or  the  History  and  Treatment  of  Diseases.     In  one  large  and  handsome  octavo  volume 
of  nearly  800  pages      (Now  Ready.) 

As  a  text- book  on  the  Practice  of  Medicine  for  the  student,  and  as  a  condensed  work  of  reference 
for  the  practitioner,  this  volume  will  have  strong  claims  on  the  attention  of  the  American  profe>sion. 
Few  physicians  have  had  wider  opportunities,  than  the  author,  for  observation  and  experience,  and 
few  perhaps  have  used  them  belter.  As  the  result  of  a  life  of  study  and  practice,  therefore,  the 
pre.sent  volume  will  doubtless  be  received  with  the  welcome  it  deserves. 

From  the  Preface. 
The  present  volume  is  intended  as  an  aid  to  young  men  who  have  engaged  in  the  study  of  medi- 
cine, to  physician;;  who  have  recently  assumed  the  responsibilities  of  practice,  and  to  my  fellow 
professors  of  the  Institutes  of  Medicine,  and  private  instructors  who  have  felt  the  djfficulty  of  com- 
municating to  the  two  first  classes  the  knowledge  which  they  are  earnestly  seeking  to  acquire. 
Having  been  a  teacher  of  medicine  for  thirty  years,  and  a  student  more  than  forty,  I  must  have 
accumtilated  some  experience  in  both  characters.  I  have  prepared  and  printed  for  those  in  attend- 
ance on  my  lectures  many  successive  manuals  or  text-books.  I  have  also  written  and  published 
several  volumes  on  medical  subjects  in  general.  The  following  pages  are  ihe  result  of  a  careful 
collation  of  all  that  has  been  esteemed  valuable  in  both,  with  such  matter  as  continued  study  and 
enlarged  experience  has  enabled;  me  to  add. 


DEWEES   (W.    P.),   M.D.,    &c. 
A   COMPPtEHENSIVE   SYSTEM  OF   MIDWIFEPtY.     Illustrated  by  occa- 

sional  Cases  and  many  Engravings.     Twelfth  edition,  with  the  Author's  last  Improvements  and 
Corrections.     In  one  octavo  volume,  of  600  pages.     (Just  Issued.) 

BY   THE   SAME   AUTHOR. 

A  TREATISE  ON  THE  PHYSICAL  AND  MEDICAL  TREATMENT  OF 

CHILDREN.     Tenth  edition.     In  one  volume,  octavo,  548  pages.     (Just  Issued.) 

BY   THE    SAME   AUTHOR. 

A  TREATISE  ON   THE   DISEASES   OP   FEMALES.     Tenth   edition.     In 

one  volume,  octavo,  5.32  pages,  with  plates.     (Just  Issued.) 


DANA   (JAMES     D). 
ZOOPHYTES  AND  CORALS.     In  one  volume,  imperial  quarto,  extra  cloth, 

with  wood-cuts.     Also,  AN  ATLAS,  in  one  volume,  imperial  folio,  with  sixty-one  magnificent 
plates,  colored  after  nature.    Bound  in  half  morocco. 


DE    LA    BECHE    (SIR 
THE  GEOLOGICAL  OBSERVER 

volume,  of  700  pages.     With  over  three  hundred  wood-cutsi 


HENRY    T.),   F.  R.  S.,  &c. 
In  one  very  large   and   handsome  octavo 

(Lately  Issued.) 


AND    SCIENTIFIC    PUBLICATIONS. 


11 


DRUITT   (ROBERT),   M.R.  C.S.,   &.c. 
THE  PRINCIPLES  AND  PRACTICE  OF  MODERN  SURGERY.     A  new 

American,  from  the  improved  London  edition.  Edited  by  F.  W.  Sargent,  M.  D.,  author  of 
"Minor  Surgery,"  &c.  Illustrated  with  one  hundred  and  ninety-three  wood-engravings.  In 
one  very  handsomely  printed  octavo  volume,  of  576  large  pages. 


Dr.  Druitt's  researches  intn  the  literature  of  his 
subject  have  been  not  only  extensive,  but  well  di- 
rected;  the  most  discordant  authors  are  fairly  and 
impartially  quoted,  and,  while  due  credit  is  given 
to  each,  their  respective  merits  are  weighed  with 
an  unprejudiced  hand.  The  grain  of  wheat  is  pre- 
served, and  the  chaff  is  unmercifully  stripped  off. 
The  arrangement  is  simple  and  philosophical,  and 
the  style,  though  clear  and  interesting,  is  so  precise, 
that  the  book  contains  more  information  condensed 
into  a  few  words  than  any  other  surgical  work  with 
which  we  are  acquainted. — London  Medical  Times 
and  Gazette,  February  18,  1654. 

No  work,  in  our  opinion,  equals  it  in  presenting 
so  much  valuable  surgical  matter  in  so  small  a 
compass. — St.  Louis  Med.  and  Surgical  Journal. 

Druitt's  Surgery  is  too  well  known  to  the  Ameri- 
can medical  profession  to  require  its  announcement 
anywhere.  Probahly  no  work  of  the  kind  has  ever 
been  more  cordially  received  and  extensively  circu- 
lated than  this.  The  fact  that  it  comprehends  in  a 
comparatively  small  compass,  all  the  essential  ele- 
ments of  theoretical  and  practical  Surgery — that  it 
is  found  to  contain  reliable  and  authentic  informa- 
tion on  the  nature  and  treatment  of  nearly  all  surgi- 
cal affections — is  a  sufficient  reason  for  the  liberal 
patronage  it  has  obtained.  The  editor,  Dr.  F.  W. 
Sargent,  has  contributed  much  to  enhance  the  value 
of  the^vork,  by  such  American  improvements  as  are 
calculated  more  perfectly  to  adapt  it  to  our  own 
views  and  practice  in  this  country.  It  abounds 
everywhere  w^ith  spirited  and  life-like  illustrations, 
which  to  the  3'oung  surgeon,  especially,  are  of  no 
minor  consideration.  Every  medical  man  frequently 
needs  just  such  a  work  as  this,  for  immediate  refe- 
rence in  moments  of  sudden  emergency,  when  he  has 
not  time  to  consult  more  elaborate  treatises. — The 
Ohio  Medical  and  Surgical  Journal, 

The  author  has  evidently  ransacked  every  stand- 
ard treatise  of  ancient  and  modern  times,  and  all  that 


is  really  practically  useful  at  the  bedside  will  be 
found  in  a  form  at  once  clear,  distinct,  and  interest- 
ing.— Edinburgh  Monthly  Medical  Journal. 

Druitt's  work,  condensed,  systematic,  lucid,  and 
practical  as  it  is,  beyond  most  works  on  Surgery 
accessible  to  the  American  student,  has  had  mucii 
currency  in  this  country,  and  under  its  present  au- 
spices promises  to  rise  to  yet  higher  favor. — The 
Western  Journal  of  Medicine  and  Surgery. 

The  most  accurate  and  ample  resume  of  the  pre- 
sent state  of  Surgery  that  we  are  acquainted  with. — 
Dublin  Medical  Journal. 

A  better  book  on  the  principles  and  practice  of 
Surgery  as  now  understood  in  England  and  America, 
has  not  been  given  to  the  profession. — Boston  Medi- 
cal and  Surgical  Journal. 

An  unsurpassable  compendium,  not  only  of  Sur- 
gical, but  of  Medical  Practice. — London  Medical 
Gazette. 

This  work  merits  our  warmest  commendations, 
and  we  strongly  recommend  it  to  young  surgeons  as 
an  admiralile  digest  of  the  principles  and  practice  of 
modern  Surgery. — Medical  Gazette. 

It  maybe  said  with  truth  that  the  work  of  Mr. 
Druitt  affords  a  complete,  though  brief  and  con- 
densed view,  of  the  entire  field  of  modern  surgery. 
"\Ve  know  of  no  work  on  the  same  subject  having  the 
appearance  of  a  manual,  which  includes  so  many 
topics  of  interest  to  the  surgeon  ;  and  the  terse  man- 
ner in  "which  each  has  been  treated  evinces  a  most 
enviable  quality  of  mind  on  the  part  of  the  author, 
who  seems  to  have  an  innate  power  of  searching 
out  and  grasping  the  leading  facts  and  features  of 
the  most  elaborate  productions  of  the  pen.  It  is  a 
useful  handbook  for  the  practitioner,  and  we  should 
deem  a  teacher  of  surgery  unpardonable  who  did  not 
recommend  it  to  his  pupils.  In  our  own  opinion,  it 
is  admirably  adapted  to  the  wants  of  the  student. — 
Provincial  Medical  and  Surgical  Journal. 


DUNGLISON,    FORBES,   TWEEDIE,   AND   CONOLLY. 
THE  CYCLOPAEDIA  OF  PRACTICAL  MEDICINE:  comprising  Treatises  on 

the  Nature  and  Treatment  of  Diseases,  JVIateria  Medica,  and  Therapeutics,  Diseases  of  Women 
and  Children,  Medical  Jurisprudence,  &c.  &c.  In  four  large  super  royal  octavo  volumes,  of 
3254  double-columned  pages,  stronglj^  and  handsomely  bound. 

*^*  This  work  contains  no  less  than  four  hundred  and  eighteen  distinct  treatises,  contributed  by 
siX'ty-eight  distinguished  physicians. 


The  most  complete  w^ork  on  Practical  Medicine 
extant;  or,  at  least,  ia  our  language. — Buffalo 
Medical  and  Surgical  Journal. 

For  reference,  it  is  above  all  price  to  every  prac- 
titioner.— Western  Lancet. 

One  of  the  most  valuable  medical  publications  of 
the  day — as  a  work  of  reference  it  is  invaluable. — 
Western  Journal  of  Medicine  and  Surgery. 

It  has  been  to  ns,  both  as  learner  and  teacher,  a 
w^orkfor  ready  and  frequent  reference,  one  in  which 
modem  English  medicine  is  exhibited  in  the  most 
advantageous  light. — Medical  Examiner. 

We  rejoice  that  this  work  is  to  be  placed  within 
the  reach  of  the  profession  in  this  country,  it  being 


unquestionably  one  of  very  great  value  to  the  prac- 
titioner. This  estimate  of  it  has  not  been  formed 
from  a  hasty  examination,  but  after  an  intimate  ac- 
quaintance derived  from  frequent  consultation  of  it 
during  the  past  nine  or  ten  years.  The  editors  are 
practitioners  of  established  reputation,  and  the  list 
of  contributors  embraces  many  of  the  most  eminent 
professors  and  teachers  of  London,  Edinburgh,  Dub- 
lin, and  Glasgow.  It  is,  indeed,  the  great  merit  of 
this  work  that  the  principal  articles  have  been  fur- 
nished by  practitioners  who  have  not  only  devoted 
especial  attention  to  the  diseases  about  which  they 
have  written,  but  have  also  enjoyed  opportunities 
for  an  extensive  practical  acquaintance  with  them, 
and  whose  reputation  carries  the  assurance  of  their 
competency  justly  to  appreciate  the  opinions  of 
others,  while  it  stamps  their  own  doctrines  with 
high  and  just  authority. — American  Medical  Journ. 


DUNGLISON    (ROBLEY),    M.D., 

Professor  of  the  Institutes  of  IVIedicine  in  the  Jefferson  Medical  College,  Philadelphia. 

HUMAN  HEALTH;  or,  the  Influence  of  Atmosphere  and  Locality,  Change  of 

Air  and  Climate,  Seasons,  Food,  Clothing,  Bathing,  Exercise,  Sleep,  &c.  &c.,  on  Healthy  Man; 
constituting  Elements  of  Hygiene.  Second  edition,  with  many  modiiicalioas  and  additions.  In 
one  octavo  volume,  of  464  pages. 


12 


BLANCHARD    &    LEA'S    MEDICAL 


DUNGLISON    (ROBLEY),    M.D., 

Professor  of  Instilutes  of  Medicine  in  the  Jefferson  Medical  College,  Philadelphia. 

MEDICAL   LEXICON;    a  Dictionary  of  Medical  Science,  containinf^  a  concise 

Explanation  of  the  various  Subjects  and  Terms  of  Physiology,  Pathology,  Hygiene,  Therapeutics, 
Pharmacology,  Obstetrics,  Medical  Jurisprudence,  &e.  Wiih  the  French  aiid  other  Synonymes ; 
Notices  of  Climate  and  of  celebrated  Mineral  Waters;  Formulae  for  various  Officinal,  Empirical, 
and  Dietetic  Preparations,  etc.  Twelfth  edition,  revised.  In  one  verjMhick  octavo  volume,  ol 
over  nine  hundred  large  double-columned  pages,  strongly  bound  in  leather,  with  raised  bands. 
(Just  Issued.) 

Every  successive  edition  of  this  work  bears  the  marks  of  the  industry  of  the  author,  and  of  his 
determination  to  keep  it  fully  on  a  level  with  the  most  advanced  state  of  medical  science.  Thus 
nearly  fifteen  tkol'sand  woeds  have  been  added  to  it  within  the  last  few  years.  As  a  complete 
Medical  Dictionary,  therefore,  embracing  over  FIFTY  THOUSAND  DEFINITIONS,  in  all  the 
branches  of  the  science,  it  is  presented  as  meriting  a  continuance  of  the  great  favor  and  popularity 
which  have  carried  it,  within  no  very  long  space  of  time,  to  a  twelfth  edition. 

Every  precaution  has  been  taken  in  the  preparation  of  the  present  volume,  to  render  its  mecha- 
nical execution  and  typographical  accuracy  worthy  of  its  extended  reputation  and  universal  use. 
The  very  extensive  additions  have  been  accommodated,  without  materially  increasing  the  bulk  ol 
the  volume  by  the  employment  of  a  small  but  exceedingly  clear  type,  cast  for  this  purpose.  The 
press  has  been  watched  with  great  care,  and  every  efibrt  used  to  insure  the  verbal  accuracy  so  ne- 
cessary to  a  work  of  this  nature.  The  whole  is  printed  on  fine  white  paper  ;  and,  while  thus  exhi- 
biting in  every  respect  so  great  an  improvement  over  former  issues,  it  is  presented  at  the  original 
exceedingly  low  price. 


We  ■welcome  it  cordially ;  it  is  an  admirahlework, 
and  indispensal)le  to  all  literary  medical  men.  The 
labor  which  has  been  bestowed  upon  it  is  something 
prodigious.  The  work,  ho^vever,  has  now  been 
done,  and  we  are  hnppy  in  the  thouglit  that  no  hu- 
man being  will  have  again  to  undertake  the  same 
gigantic  task  Revised  and  corrected  from  time  to 
time,  Dr.  Dungli.snn's  '•  Medical  Lexicon"  will  last 
for  centuries. — British  and  Foreign  Med.  Chirurg. 
Review. 

The  fact  that  this  excellent  and  learned  work  has 
passed  through  eight  editions,  and  that  a  ninth  is 
rendered  necessary  by  the  demands  of  the  public, 
affords  a  sufficient  evidence  of  the  general  apprecia- 
tion of  Dr.  Dunglison's  labors  by  the  medical  pro- 
fession in  England  and  America.  It  is  a  book  w^liich 
■will  be  of  great  service  to  the  student,  in  teaching 
him  the  meaning  of  all  the  technical  terms  used  in 
medicine,  and  will  be  of  no  less  use  to  the  practi- 
tioner ■vvho  desires  to  keep  himself  on  a  level  with 
the  advance  of  medical  science. — London  Medical 
Times  and  Gazette. 

In  taking  leave  of  our  author,  ■we  feel  compelled 
to  confess  that  bis 'W'ork  bears  evidence  of  almost 
incredible  labor  having  been  besto^wed  upon  its  com- 
position.—  Edinburgh  Journal  of  Med.   Sciences. 

A  miracle  of  labor  and  industry  in  one  who  has 
written  able  and  voluminous  works  on  nearly  every 
branch  of  medical  science.  There  could  be  no  more 
useful  book  to  the  student  or  practitioner,  in  the 
present  advancing  age,  than  one  in  which  would  be 
found,  in  addition  to  the  ordinary  meaning  and  deri- 
vation of  medical  terms — so  many  of  which  are  of 
modern  introduction — concise  descriptions  of  their 
explanation  and  employment ;  and  all  this  and  much 
more  is  contained  in  the  volume  before  us.  It  is 
therefore  almost  as  indispens'rfble  to  the  other  learned 
professions  as  to  our  own.  In  fact,  to  all  -who  may 
have  occasion  to  ascertain  the  meaning  of  any  ■word 
belonging  to  the  many  branches  of  medicine.  From 
a  careful  exnmination  of  the  present  edition,  we  can 
vouch  for  its  accuracy,  and  for  its  being  brought 
quite  up  to  thedate  of  publication  ;  the  author  states 
in  his  preface  that  hehasadded  to  it  aboutfour  thou- 
sand terms,  -^vhich  are  not  to  be  found  in  the  prece 


readers  to  its  peculiar  merits;  and  ■we  need  do 
little  more  than  state,  in  reference  to  the  present 
reissue,  that,  notwithstanding  the  large  additions 
previously  made  to  it,  no  fewer  than  four  thou- 
sand terms,  not  to  be  found  in  the  preceding  edi- 
tion, are  contained  in  the  volume  b"fore  us. — 
Whilst  it  is  a  wonderful  monument,  of  its  author's 
erudition  and  industry,  it  is  also  a  work  of  great 
practical  utility,  as  we  can  testify  from  our  own 
experience;  for  -we  keep  it  constantly  ■within  our 
reach,  and  mnke  very  frequent  reference  to  it, 
nearly  always  finding  in  it  the  information  we  seek. 
— British  and  Foreign  Med.-Chirurg.  Review. 

It  has  the  rare  merit  that  it  certainly  has  no  rival 
in  the  English  language  for  accuracy  and  extent 
of  references.  The  terms  generally  include  short 
physiological  and  pathological  descriptions,  so  that, 
as  the  author  justly  observes,  the  reader  does  not 
possess  in  this  ■work  a  mere  dictionary,  but  a  book, 
which,  wliile  it  instructs  him  in  medical  etymo- 
logy, furnishes  him  with  a  large  amount  of  useful 
informatii'n.  The  author's  labors  have  been  pro- 
perly appreciated  by  his  ©■\^ti  countrymen  ;  and  -we 
can  only  confirm  their  judgment,  by  recommending 
this  most  useful  volume  to  the  notice  of  our  cisat- 
lantic readers.  No  medical  library  will  be  complete 
without  it. — London  Med.  Gazette. 

It  is  certainly  more  complete  and  comprehensive 
than  any  ■with  ■which  we  are  acquainted  in  the 
English  language.  Few,  in  fact,  could  be  found 
better  qualified  than  Dr.  Dunglison  for  the  produc- 
tion of  such  a  work.  Learned,  industrious,  per- 
severing, and  accurate,  he  brings  to  the  task  all 
the  peculiar  talents  necessary  for  its  successful 
performance;  while,  at  the  same  time,  his  fami- 
liarity with  the  writings  of  the  ancient  and  modern 
"  masters  of  our  art,"  renders  him  skill'ul  to  note 
the  exact  usage  of  the  several  terms  of  science, 
and  the  various  modifications  which  medical  term- 
inology has  undergone  with  the  change  of  theo- 
ries or  the  progress  of  improvement.  —  American 
Journal  of  the  Medical  Sciences. 

One  of  the  most  complete  and  copious  known  to 
the  cultivators  of  medical   science. — Boston  Med. 


ding   one.  —  Dublin  Quarterly  Journal  of  Medical  ',  Journal. 
Sciences.  |      rpj^g  rnost  comprehensive  and  best  English  Die- 

On   the  appearance  of  the   last  edition   of   this  I  tionary  of  medical  terms  extant. — BuJJulo  Medical 
valuable  work,  we   directed   the  attention  of  our  |  Journal. 


BY   THE  SAME   AUTHOR. 

THE  PRACTICE  OF  MEDICINE.     A  Treatise  on  Special  Pathology  and  The- 

rapeutics.     Third  Edition.     In  two  large  octavo  volumes,  of  fifteen  hundred  pages. 

ferings  of  the  race. — Boston  Medical  and  Surgical 
Journal. 


Upon  every  topic  embraced  in  the  work  the  latest 
information  will  be  found  carefully  posted  up. — 
Medical  Examiner. 

The  student  of  medicine  •will  find,  in  these  two 
elegant  volumes,  a  mine  of  facts,  a  gathering  of 
precepts  and  advice  from  the  world  of  experience, 
that  will  neri'e  nim  with  courage,  and  faithfully 
direct  him  in  his  efforts  to  relieve  the  physical  suf- 


It  is  certainly  the  most  complete  troatiseof  which 
we  have  any  knowledge. —  Western  Journal  of  Medi- 
cine and  Surgery. 

One  of  the  most  elaborate  treatises  of  the  kind 
we  have. — Southern  Med.  and  Surg.  Journal. 


AND    SCIENTIFIC    PUBLICATIONS. 


13 


DUNGLISON    (ROBLEY),    M.D., 

Professor  of  Institutes  of  Medicine  in  the  Jefferson  Medical  College,  Philadelphia. 

HUMAN    PHYSIOLOGY.     Seventh   edition.     Thoroughly  revised   and  exten. 

sively  modified  and  enlarged,  with  nearly  five  hundred  illustrations.    In  two  large  and  hand 

somely  printed  octavo  volumes,  containing  nearly  14-50  pages. 

It  has  long  since  taken  rank  as  one  of  the  medi- 
cal classics  of  our  language.  To  say  that  it  is  by 
far  the  best  text-book  of  physiology  ever  published 
in  this  country,   is  but  echoing   the  general  testi- 


mony of  the  profession. — N.  Y.  journal  of  Medicine. 

There  is  no  single  book  we  would  recommend  to 
the  student  or  physician,  with  greater  confidence 
than  the  present,  because  in  it  will  be  found  a  mir- 
ror of  almost  every  standard  pliysiological  work  of 
the  day.  We  most  cordially  recommend  the  w^ork 
to  every  member  of  the  profession,  and  no  student 
should  be  without  it.    It  is  the  completest  work  on 


Physiology  in  the  English  language,  and  is  highly 
creditable  to  the  author  and  publishers. — Canadian 
Medical  Journal. 


The  most  complete  and  satisfactory  system  of 
Physiology  in  the  English  language. — Amer.  Med. 
Journal. 

The  best  work  of  the  kind  in  the  English  lan- 
guage.— Silliman^s  Journal. 

The  most  full  and  complete  system  of  Pliysiology 
in  our  language. — Western  Lancet. 


BY  THE  SAME  AUTHOR.     [Jiist  Issued.) 

GENERx\L    THERAPEUTICS    AND    MATERIA  MEDICA;   adapted  for  a 

Medical  Text-book.  Fifth  edition,  much  improved.  Witli  one  hundred  and  eighty-seven  illus- 
trations. In  two  large  and  handsomely  printed  octavo  vols.,  of  about  1100  pages. 
The  new  editions  of  the  United  States  Pharmacopoeia  and  those  of  London  and  Dublin,  have  ren- 
dered necessary  a  thorough  revision  of  this  work.  In  accomplishing  this  the  author  has  spared  no 
pains  in  rendering  it  a  complete  exponent  of  all  that  is  new  and  reliable,  both  in  the  departments 
of  Therapeutics  and  Materia  Mediea.  The  book  has  thus  been  somewhat  enlarged,  and  a  like  im- 
provement will  be  found  in  every  department  of  its  mechanical  execution.  As  a  convenient  text- 
book for  the  student,  therefore,  containing  within  a  moderate  compass  a  satisfactory  resume  of  its 
important  subject,  it  is  again  presented  as  even  more  worthy  than  heretofore  of  the  very  great  favor 
which  it  has  received. 


In  this  w^ork  of  Dr.  Dunglison,we  recognize  the 
same  untiring  industry  in  the  collection  and  em- 
bodying of  facts  on  the  several  subjects  of  which  he 
treats,  that  has  heretofore  distinguished  him,  and 


As  a  text-book  for  students,  for  whom  it  is  par- 
ticularly designed,  we  know  of  none  superior  to 
it. — St.  Louis  Medical  and  Surgical  Journal. 


we  cheerfully  point  to  these  volumes,  as  two  of  the  '      I'  purports  to  be  a  new  edition,  but  it  is  rather 
most  interesting  that  we  know  of.     In  noticing  the  :  ?  "^w  book,  so  greatly  has  it  been  improved,  both 

in   the  amount  and  quality  of  the  matter  which  it 
contains.— iV.  O.  Medical  and  Surgical  Journal. 

We  bespeak  for  this  edition,  from  the  profession, 
an  increase  of  patronage  over  any  of  its  former 
ones,  on  account  of  its  increased  merit.  —  N.  Y. 
Journal  of  Medicine. 

We  consider  this  work  unequalled. — Boston  Med. 
and  Surg.  Journal.  _ 


additions  to  this,  the  fourth  edition,  there  is  very 
little  in  the  periodical  or  annual  literature  of  the 
profession,  published  in  the  interval  which  has 
elapsed  since  the  issue  of  the  first,  that  has  escaped 
the  careful  search  of  the  author.  As  a  book  for 
reference,  it  is  invaluable. — C karleston  Med.  Jour- 
nal and  Review. 

It  may  be  said  to  be  the  work  now  upon  the  sub- 
jects upon  which  it  treats. —  Western  Lancet. 


BY   THE   SAME   AUTHOR. 

NEW  REMEDIES,  WITH  FORMULA  FOR  THEIR  ADMINISTRATION. 

Sixth  edition,  with  extensive  Additions.     In  one  very  large  octavo  volume,  of  over  750  pages. 
One  of  the  most  useful  of  the  author's  works. —    diseases  and  for  remedies,  will  be  found  greatly  to 
Southern  Medical  and  Surgical  Journal.  enhance  its  value. — New  York  Med.  Gazette. 


This  well-known  and  standard  book  has  no^v 
reached  its  sixth  edition,  and  has  been  enlarged  and 
improved  by  the  introduction  of  all  the  recent  gifts 
to  therapeutics  which  the  last  few  years  have  so 
richly  produced,  including  the  anissthetic  agents, 
&c.  This  elaborate  and  useful  volume  should  be 
found  in  every  medical  library,  for  as  a  book  of  re- 
ference, for  physicians,  it  is  unsurpassed  by  any 
other  work  in  existence,  and  the  double  index  for 


T!ie  great  learning  of  the  author,  and  his  remark- 
able industry  in  pushing  his  researches  into  every 
source  whence  information  is  derivable,  has  enabled 
him  to  throw  together  an  extensive  mass  of  facts 
and  statements,  accompanied  by  full  reference  to 
authorities;  which  last  feature  renders  the  work 
practically  valuable  to  investigators  who  desire  to 
examine  the  original  papers. — The  American  Journal 
of  Pharmacy. 


DE  JONGH  (L.  JJ,  M.  D.,  &.C. 
THE  THREE  KINDS   OF  COD-LIVER  OIL,  comparatively  considered,  with 

their  Chemical  and  Therapeutic  Properties.  Translated,  with  an  Appendix  and  Cases,  by 
Edward  Carey,  M.  D.  To  which  is  added  an  article  on  the  subject  from  "Dunglison  on  New 
Remedies."     In  one  small  r2mo.  volume,  extra  cloth. 


DAY  (GEORGE  E.),  M.  D. 
A  PRACTICAL  TREATISE  ON  THE  DOMESTIC  MANAGEMENT  AND 

MORE  IMPORTANT  DISEASES  OF  ADVANCED  LIFE.  With  an  Appendix  on  a  new 
and  successful  mode  of  treating  Lumbago  and  other  forms  of  Chronic  Rheumatism.  One  volume, 
octavo,  226  pages. 


FRICK  (CHARLES),  M .  D. 
RENAL    AFFECTIONS;    their  Diagnosis  and  Pathology. 
One  volume,  royal  12mo.,  extra  cloth. 


With  illustrations. 


14 


BLANCHARD    &   LEA'S    MEDICAL 


ERICHSEN    (JOHN), 

Professor  of  Sursrery  in  University  College,  London,  &c. 

THE  SCIENCE  AND  ART  OP  SURGERY;  being  a  Treatise  on  Surgical 

Injuries,  Diseases,  and  Operations.  Edited  by  John  H.  Brinton,  M.  D.  Illustrated  with 
three  iiundred  and  eleven  engraAMngs  on  wood.  In  one  large  and  handsome  octavo  volume,  of 
over  nine  hundred  closely  printed  pages.    (Just  Issued.) 

the  most  serviceable  guide  v;hichhe  can  consult.    He 


It  is,  in  our  humlile  judgment,  decidedly  the  best 
book  of  the  kind  in  the  English  language.  Strange 
that  just  such  l)Ooks  are  notoflener  produced  by  pub- 
lic teachers  o("  surgery  in  lliis  country  and  Great 
BriiaiTi  Indeed,  it  is  a  matterof  great  astonishment, 
but  no  less  true  than  a^ionishing,  that  of  the  many 
"works  on  surgery  republished  in  this  country  within 
the  last  fitteen  or  twenty  years  as  text-books  for 
medical  siuaents,  ihi=  is  the  only  one,  that  even  ap- 
proximates to  ihe  fulfilment  of  the  peculiar  wants  of 
youngmen  just  enteruig  upon  the  study  of  this  branch 
of  the  profession. —  Western  Jozir  .of  Med.  and  Surgery. 

Kmbracing,  as  will  be  perceived,  the  whole  surari- 
cal  domain,  and  each  division  of  itself  almost  com- 
plete and  perfect,  each  chapter  full  and  explicit,  each 
suhjeci  faithfully  exhibited,  we  can  only  express  our 
estimate  of  it  in  tiie  aggregate.  We  consider  it  an 
excellent  contrihution  to  surgery,  as  probably  the 
best  single  volume  now  extant  on  the  subject,  and 
\vith  great  pleasure  we  add  it  to  our  textbooks  — 
Nashville  Journal  of  Medicine  and  Surgery. 

Its  value  is  greatly  enhanced  by  a  ver)'  copious 
■well-arranffed  index.  We  regard  this  as  one  of  the 
most  valuable  contributions  to  modern  surgery.  To 
one  entering  his  novitiate  of  practice,  we  regard  it 


will  find  a  fulnessof  detail  leadinghim  through  every 
step  of  the  operation,  and  not  deserting  him  until  the 
final  issue  of  the  case  is  decided.  For  llie  same  rea- 
son we  recommend  it  to  those  whose  routine  of  prac- 
tice lies  in  such  parts  of  the  country  thai  they  mast 
rarely  encounter  cases  requiring  surgical  manage- 
ment.—  Stethoscope. 

Prof  Erichseii's  work,  for  its  size,  has  not  been 
surpassed  ;  his  nine  hundred  and  eight  pages,  pro- 
fusely illustrated,  are  rich  in  physiological,  patholo- 
gical, and  operative  suggestions,  doctrines,  details, 
and  processes  ;  and  will  prove  a  reliable  resource 
for  information,  both  to  physician  and  surgeon,  in  the 
hour  of  peril. —  N.  0.  Med.  and  Surg  Journal. 

We  are  acquainted  with  no  other  work  wherein 
so  much  good  sense,  sound  principle,  and  practical 
inferences,  stamp  every  page.  To  say  more  of  the 
volume  w^ould  be  useless;  to  say  less  would  be  doing 
injustice  to  a  production  which  ^ve  consider  above 
all  others  at  the  present  day,  and  superior  and  more 
complete  than  the  many  excellent  treatises  of  the 
English  and  Scotch  surgeons,  and  this  is  no  small 
encomium. — American  Lancet. 


ELLIS  (BENJAMIN),  M.D. 
THE   MEDICAL  EORMULARY :   being  a  Collection  of  Prescriptions,  derived 

from  the  writings  and  practice  of  many  of  the  most  eminent  physicians  of  America  and  Europe. 
Together  with  the  usual  Dietetic  Preparations  and  Antidotes  for  Poisons.  To  which  is  added 
an  Appendix,  on  the  Endermic  use  of  Medicines,  and  on  the  use  of  Ether  and  Chloroform.  The 
whole  accompanied  with  a  few  brief  Pharmaceutic  and  Medical  Observations.  Tenth  edition, 
revi.sed  and  much  extended  by  Robert  P.  Thomas,  M.  D.,  Professor  of  Materia  Medica  in  the 
Philadelphia  College  of  Pharmacy.  In  one  neat  octavo  volume,  of  two  hundred  and  ninety-six 
pages.    {Irately  Issued.) 


After  an  examination  of  the  new  matter  and  the 
alterations,  we  believe  the  reputation  of  the  "work 
built  up  by  the  author,  and  the  late  distinguished 
editor,  will  continue  to  flourish  under  the  auspices 
of  the  present  editor,  who  has  the  industry  .ond  accu- 
racy, and,  we  would  saj',  conscientiousness  requi- 
site for  the  responsible  task. — American  Journal  of 
Pharmacy,  March,  1854. 


It  w^ill  prove  particularly  useful  to  students  and 
young  practitioners,  as  the  most  important  prescrip- 
tions employed  in  modern  practice,  which  lie  scat- 
tered through  our  medical  literature,  are  here  col- 
lected and  conveniently  arranged  for  reference. — 
Charleston  Med.  Journal  and  Review. 


FOWNES  (GEORGE),   PH.  D.,  &c. 
ELEMENTARY    CHEMISTRY;    Theoretical  and  Practical.     With  numerous 

illustrations.  A  new  American,  from  the  last  and  revised  London  edition.  Edited,  with  Addi- 
tions, by  Robert  Bridges,  M.  D.  In  one  large  royal  12mo.  volume,  of  over  550  pages,  with  181 
wood-cuts,  sheep,  or  extra  cloth.     {Now  Ready.) 

The  work  of  Dr.   Fownes  has  long  been  before 


"We  know  of  no  better  text-book,  especially  in  the 
difficult  department  of  organic  chemistry,  upon 
which  it  is  particularly  full  and  satisfactory.  We 
would  recommend  it  to  preceptors  as  a  capital 
"  office  book"  for  their  students  who  are  beginners 
in  Chemistry.  It  is  copiously  illustrated  with  ex- 
cellent wood-cuts,  and  altogether  admirably  "got 
up." — N.  J.  Medical  Reporter,  March,  1854. 

A  standard  manual,  \vhich  has  long  enjoyed  the 
reputation  of  embodying  much  kno^vled^ein  a  small 
space.  The  author  hasachieved  the  difficult  task  of 
condensation  with  masterly  tact.  His  book  is  con- 
cise without  being  dry,  and  brief  without  being  too 
dogmatical  or  general. —  Virginia  Med.  and  Surgical 
Journal. 


the  public,  and  its  merits  have  been  fully  appreci- 
ated as  the  best  text-book  on  chemistry  now  in 
existence.  We  do  not,  of  course,  place  it  in  a  rank 
superior  to  the  ■works  of  Brande,  Graham,  Turner, 
Gregory,  or  Gmelin,  but  we  say  that,  as  a  work 
for  students,  it  is  preferable  to  any  of  them. — Lon- 
don Journal  of  Medicine. 

A^\'ork  well  adapted  to  the  w^ants  of  the  student. 
It  is  an  excellent  exposition  of  the  ^hief  doctrines 
and  facts  of  modern  chemistry.  The  size  of  the  work, 
and  still  more  the  condensed  yet  perspicuous  style 
in  which  it  is  written,  absolve  it  from  the  charges 
very  properly  urged  against  most  manuals  termed 
popular. — Edinburgh  Monthly  Journal  of  Medical 
Science. 


FLINT  (AUSTIN),  M.  D., 

Professor  of  the  Theory  and  Practice  of  Medicine  in  the  University  of  Louisville,  &c. 

PHYSICAL  EXPLORATION  AND  DIAGNOSIS  OF  DISEASES  AFFECT- 
ING THE  OK.GANS  OF  RESPIRATION.     In  one  handsome  octavo  volume.    (Now  Ready.) 

The  reputation  already  acquired  by  the  author  with  respect  to  his  researches  on  this  and  kindred 
topics,  is  sufficient  guarantee  that  he  will  accomplish  his  object  in  presenting  the  student  with  a 
good  practical  text-book,  which  will  facilitate  the  acquirement  of  a  knowledge  of  this  difficult  sub- 
ject.    The  work  will  be  ready  in  time  for  the  Fall  sessions. 


AND   SCIENTIFIC    PUBLICATIONS. 


15 


FERGUSSON   (WILLIAM),  F.  R.  S., 

Professor  of  Surgery  in  King's   College,  London,  &c. 

A  SYSTEM  OF  PKACTICAL  SURGERY.     Fourth  American,  from  the  third 

and  enlarged  London  edition.     la  one  large  and  beautifully  printed  octavo  volume,  of  about  seven 
hundred  pages,  with,  three  hundred  and  ninety-three  handsome  illustrations.     (^Jzist  Issued.) 

The  most  important  subjects  in  connection  with        No  work  was  ever  ^vritten  ■which  more  nearly 
practical   surgery  which  have  been  more   recently 


brought  under  the  notice  of,  and  discussed  by,  the 
surgeons  of  Great  Britain,  are  fully  and  dispassion- 
ately considered  by  Mr.  Fergusson,  and  that  which 
was  before  wanting  has  now  been  supplied,  so  that 
we  can  now  look  upon  it  as  a  work  on  practical  sur- 
gery instead  of  one  on  operative  surgery  alone. 
There  was  some  ground  formerly  for  the  complaint 
before  alluded  to,  that  it  dwelt  too  exclusively  on 
operative  surgery  ;  but  this  defect  is  now  removed, 
and  the  book  is  more  than  ever  adapted  for  the  pur- 
poses of  the  practitioner,  whether  he  confines  him- 
self more  strictly  to  the  operative  department,  or 
follows  surgery  on  a  more  comprehensive  scale. — 
Msdical  Times  and  Gazette. 


comprehended  the  necessities  of  the  student  and 
practitioner,  and  was  more  carefully  arranged  to 
that  singlepurpose  than  this. — N.  Y.  Med.  and  Surg. 
Journal. 

The  addition  of  many  new  pages  makes  this  work 
more  than  ever  indispensable  to  the  student  and  prac- 
titioner.— Ranking'' s  Abstract. 

Among  the  numerous  v/orks  upon  surgery  pub- 
lished of  late  years,  we  kno\v  of  none  we  value 
more  highly  than  the  one  before  us.  It  is  perhaps 
the  very  best  %ve  liave  for  a  text-book  and  for  ordi- 
nary reference,  being  concise  and  eminently  practi- 
cal.— Southern  Med.  and  Surg.  Journal. 


GRAHAM   (THOMAS),    F.  R.  S., 

Professor  of  Chemistry  in  University  College,  London,  &c. 

THE  ELEMENTS  OF  CHE3IISTRY.     Including  the  application  of  the  Science 

to  the  Arts.     With  numerous  illustrations.     With  Notes  and  Additions,  by  Robert  Bridges, 
M.  D.,  &c.  &c.     Second  American,  from  the  second  and  enlarged  London  edition 
PART  I.  {Lately  Iss2ted)  large  8vo.,  430  pages,  185  illustrations. 
PART  II.  {Preparuig)  to  match. 

The  great  changes  which  the  science  of  chemistry  has  undergone  within  the  last  few  years,  ren- 
der a  new  edition, of  a  treatise  like  the  present,  almost  a  new  work.  The  author  has  devoted 
several  years  to  the  revision  of  his  treatise,  and  has  endeavored  to  embody  in  it  every  fact  and 
inference  of  importance  which  has  been  observed  and  recorded  by  the  great  body  of  chemical 
investigators  who  are  so  rapidly  changing  the  face  of  the  science.  In  this  manner  the  'work  has 
been  greatly  increased  in  size,  and  the  number  of  illustrations  doubled  ;  while  the  labors  of  the  editor 
have  been  directed  tovvards  the  introduction  of  such  matters  as  have  escaped  the  attention  of  the 
author,  or  as  have  arisen  since  the  publication  of  the  first  portion  of  this  edition  in  London,  in  1850. 
Printed  in  handsome  style,  and  at  a  very  low  price,  it  is  therefore  confidently  presented  to  tlie  pro- 
fession and  the  student  as  a  very  complete  and  thorough  text-book  of  this  important  subject. 


GRIFFITH   (ROBERT   E.),   M.  D.,  &c. 

A  UNIVERSAL  FORMULARY,  containing  the  methods  of  Preparing  and  Ad- 
ministering OfRcinal  and  other  Medicines.  The  whole  adapted  to  Physicians  and  Pharmaceu- 
tists. Second  Edition,  thoroughly  revised,  with  numerous  additions,  by  Robert  P.  Thomas, 
M.  D.,  Professor  of  Materia  Medica  in  the  Philadelphia  College  of  Pharmacy.  In  one  large  and 
handsome  octavo  volume,  of  over  six  hundred  pages,  double  columns.  (Just  Issued.) 
It  was  a  work  requirlfig  much  perseverance,  and  i      It  is  cue  of  the  most  nsefil  books  a  counlry  pracli- 

when  published  was  looked  upon  a*  by  far  the  best  j  lioiier  can  possibly  have  in  his  possession. — Mtdical 

work  of  its  kind  ihal  had  issued  from  the  American     Chronicle. 


press,  being  free  of  much  of  the  irashy,  and  embrac- 
ing most  of  ihe  iion-ofncinal  formulae  used  or  known 
in  American,  English,  or  French  praclice,  arranged 
under  the  heads  of  the  several  consiitueiiidrug*,  plac- 
ing the  receipt  under  its  more  important  constiluent. 
Prof  Thomas  has  certainly  ''improved,"  as  well  as 
added  o  ihis  Formulary,  and  has  rendered  it  addinon- 
ally  deserving  of  the  coiifideiice  of  pharmaceutists 
and  physicians.^jiwz«r/cart  Journal  of  Pharmacy. 

We  are  happy  to  announce  a  new  and  improved 
edition  of  this,  one  of  the  most  valuable  and  useful 
works  that  have  emanated  from  an  American  pen. 
It  would  do  credit  lo  any  country,  and  will  be  found 
of  daily  usefulness  to  practitioners  of  medicine;  it  is 
better  adapted  lo  their  purposes  than  the  dispensato- 
ries.—  Southern  Med.  and  Surg.  Journal. 

A  new  edition  of  this  well-known  work,  edited  by 
R.  P.  Thomas,  M  D.,  affords  occasion  for  renewing 


The  amount  of  usefu  J.every-day  matter,  for  a  prac- 
tioinir  physician,  is  really  immense. — Boston  Med. 
a?id  Surg.  Journal. 

This  is  a  work  of  six  hundred  and  fifty  one  pages, 
embracing  all  on  the  subject  of  preparing  and  admi- 
nistering medicines  that  can  be  desired  by  the  physi- 
cian and  pharmaceutist. —  Western  Laticet. 

In  short,  it  is  full  and  complete  work  of  the  kind, 
and  should  be  in  the  hands  of  every  physician  and 
apothecary.     O  Med.  arid  Surg.  Journal. 

We  predic  a  great  sale  for  this  work,  and  we  espe- 
ciallv  recommend  it  to  all  medical  teachers. — Rich- 
mond Stethoscope. 

This  edition  of  Dr.  Griffith's  work  has  been  greatly 
improved  by  the  revision  and  ample  additions  of  Dr. 
Thomas,  and  is  now,  we  believe,  one  of  the  most 


our  commendation  of  so  useful  a  handbook,  which  |  complete  works  of  its  kind  in  any  language.    The 


ought  10  be  universally  studied  by  medical  men  of 
every  class,  and  made  use  of  by  way  of  reference  by 
office  pupils,  as  a  standard  authority.  It  has  been 
much  enlarged,  and  now  condenses  a  vast  amount 
of  needful  and  necessary  ktiowledge  in  small  com- 
pass. The  more  of  such  books  the  better  for  the  pro- 
fession and  the  public— iV.  Y.  Med.  Gazette. 


additions  amount  to  about  seventy  pages,  and  no 
effort  has  been  spared  to  include  in  them  all  the  re- 
cent improvements  which  have  been  published  in 
medical  journals,  and  systematic  treatises.  A  ■work 
of  this  kind  appears  lo  us  indispensable  to  the  physi- 
cian, and  thpreis  none  we  can  more  cordially  recom- 
mend.— N.  Y.  Journal  of  Medicine. 


BY   THE  SAME  AUTHOR. 

MEDICAL  BOTANY;  or,  a  Description  of  all  the  more  important  Plants  used 

in  Medicine,  and  of  their  Properties,  Uses,  and  Modes  of  Administration.     In  one  large  octavo 
volume,  of  704  pages,  handsomely  printed,  with  nearly  350  illustrations  on  wood. 


GREGORY  (WILLIAM),   F.  R.  S.  E., 
LETTERS    TO  A  CANDID    INQUIRER    ON    ANIMAL    MAGNETISM. 

In  one  neat  volume,  royal  12mo.,  extra  cloth,    pp.  384. 


16 


BLANCHARD    5c    LEA'S    MEDICAL 


GROSS  (SAMUEL  D.),   M .  D., 

Professor  of  Surgery  in  the  University  of  Louisville,  &c. 

A  PRACTICAL    TREATISE   ON   THE    DISEASES,    INJURIES,  AND 

MALFOPv^MATIONS  OF  THE  UEINARY  BLADDER,  THE  PROSTATE  GLAND,  AJMD 
THE  URETHRA.  Second  Edition,  revised  and  much  enlarged,  with  one  hundred  and  eighty- 
lour  illustrations.  In  one  large  and  very  handsome  octavo  volume,  of  over  nine  hundred  pages. 
(Now  Ready.) 

The  author  has  availed  himself  of  the  opportunity  afforded  by  a  call  for  a  new  edition  of  this 
"work,  to  thoroughly  revise  and  render  it  in  every  respect  worthy,  so  far  as  in  his  power,  of  ihe  very 
flattering  reception  whicn  has  been  accorded  to  it  by  the  profession.  The  new  matter  thus  added 
amounts  to  almost  one-third  of  the  original  work,  while  the  number  of  illustrations  has  been  nearly 
doubled.  These  additions  pervade  every  portion  of  the  work,  which  thus  has  rather  the  aspect  of 
a  new  treatise  than  a  new  edition.  In  its  present  improved  form,  therefore,  it  may  confidently  be 
presented  as  a  complete  and  reliable  storehouse  of  information  on  this  important  class  of  diseases, 
and  as  in  every  way  fitted  to  maintain  the  position  which  it  has  acquired  in  Europe  and  in  this 
country,"  as  the  standard  of  authority  on  the  subjects  treated  of. 

On  the  appearance  of  the  first  edition  of  this  work,  I  away  this  reproach  ;  and  so  completely  has  the  task 
the  leading  English  medical  review  predicted  that  it  I  been  fulfilled,  that  we  venture  to  predict  for  Dr. 
U'ould  have  a  "  permanent  place  m  the  literature  of  \  Gross's  treatise  a  permanent  place  in  the  literature 
surgery  worthy  to  rank  witii  the  best  works  of  the  \  of  surgery,  worthy  to  rank  with  the  best  works  of 
present  nge."  This  prediction  has  been  amply  ful-  \  the  present  age.  Not  merely  is  the  matter  good, 
filled.  Dr.  Gross's  treatise  has  been  found  to  sup-  i  but  the  getting  up  of  the  volume  is  most  creditable 
ply  completely  the  want  \vhich  has  been  felt  ever  ,  to  transatlantic  enterprise;  the  paper  and  print 
since  the  elevation  of  surgery  to  the  rank  of  science,  would  do  credit  to  a  first-rate  London  establishment; 
of  a  good  practical  treatise  on  the  diseases  of  the  ;  and  the  numerous  wood-cuts  which  illustrate  it,  de- 
bladder  and  its  accessory  organs.  Philosiphical  in  monstrate  that  America  is  makin?  rapid  advances  in 
its  design,  methodical  in  its  arrangement,  ample  and  :  this  department  of  art.  We  have,  indeed,  unfeigned 
sound  in  its  practical  details,  it  may  in  truth  be  said  ;  pleasure  in  congratulating  all  concerned  in  this  pub- 
to  leave  scarcely  anything  to  be  desired  on  so  im-  lication,  on  the  result  of  their  labours;  and  expe- 
portant  a  subject,  and  with  the  additions  and  modi-  rience  a  feeling  something  like  ■whatanimates  a  long- 
fications  resulting  from  future  discoveries  and  im-  expectanthusbandman,-ivho,oftentimesdisappointed 
provements,  it  will  probably  remain  one  of  the  most  ;  by  the  produce  of  a  favorite  field,  is  at  last  agree- 
valuable  works  on  this  subject  so  long  as  the  science  \  ably  surprised  by  a  stately  crfip  which  may  bear 
(if  medicine  shall  exist. — Boston  Med.  and  Surg.  [  comparison  with  any  of  its  former  rivals.  The 
Journal,  June  7,  1S55.  .  grounds  of  our  high  appreciation  of  the  work  will 

Avolume  replete  with  truths  and' principles  of  the  ^^  obvious  as  we  proceed;  and  we  doubt  not  that 
utmost  value  in  the  investigation  of  these  diseases.—  '  the  present  facilities  for  obtaining  American  books 
American  Medical  Journal.  I  will  induce  many  of  our  readers  to  verify  our  re- 

__       „  1.       ,  ,.       11  I.-    ,  commendation  b}' their  own  perusal  of  it. — Brtttsh 

Dr.   Gross  has  brought  all  his  learning,   experi-    and  Foreign  Medico-Chirursical  Review. 
ence,  tact,  and  judgment  to  the  task,  and  has  pro- 


duced a  work  worthy  of  his  high  reputation.  We 
feel  perfectly  safe  in  recommending  it  to  our  read- 
ers as  a  monograph  unequalled  in  interest  and 
practical  value  by  any  other  on  the  subject  in  our 
language. — Western  Journal  of  Med.  and  Surg. 
It  has  remained  for  an  American  writer  to  wipe 


Whoever  will  peruse  the  vast  amount  of  valuable 
practical  information  it  contains,  and  which  we 
have  been  unuble  even  to  notice,  will,  we  think, 
agree  ■with  us,  that  there  is  no  work  in  the  English 
I  language  w^hich  can  make  any  just  pretensions  to 
be  its  equal. — N.  Y.  Journal  of  Medicine. 


BY  THE  SAME  AUTHOR.      (J USt  Issiced). 

A  PRACTICAL  TREATISE  ON  FOREIGN  BODIES  IN  THE  AIR-PAS- 

SAGES.     In  one  handsome  octavo  volume,  with  illustrations,    pp.  468. 

A  very  elaborate  w^ork.  It  is  a  complete  summary  i  a  most  interesting  and  hitherto  a  most  neglected  de- 
o{  the  whole  subject,  and  will  be  a  useful  book  of    partment  of  surgical  pathology  and  practice. — St. 
~    ■  ■  '  ■    ~       ■         --   -■  -  Louis  Med.  and  Surg.  Journal,  May,  lass. 


reference. — British  and  Foreign  Medico-Chirurg 
Review. 

A  liighly  valuablebnok  of  reference  on  a  most  im- 
portant subject  in  the  practice  of  medicine.  We 
conclude  by  recommending  it  to  our  readers,  fully 
persuaded  that  its  perusal  will  afford  them  much 
practi^-al  information  well  conveyed,  evidently  de- 


Surgical  authors,  isolated  reports  in  medical  pe- 
riodicals and  modern  surgeons  '  blend  their  common 
toil"  to  make  a  book  which  exhausts  the  subject, 
and  must  forever  remain  the  standard  vi'ork  on  the 
management  of  this  accident. — Buffalo  Med.  Joum. 

We  consider  this  ^vork  one  of  the  most  important 


rived  from  considerable  experience  and  deduced  from  !  ^f  the  recent  additions  to  practical  surgery."  Con- 
an  ample  collection  of  {acts.  — Dublin  Quarterly  taining  all  that  has  been  recorded  relating  to  the 
Journal,  May,  luoa.  |  pj^ss  of  accidents  of   which    it   treats,   admirably 

In  this  valuable  monograph  Dr.  Gross  has  cer-     arranged  and  systematized,  it  should  find  a  place  in 
tainly  struck  a  ne"w  lead  in  Surgery,  and  is  entitled     every  medical  library. — Montreal  Med.  Chronicle. 
to  the  credit  of  having  illustrated  and  systematized  I 

BY  THE  SAME  AUTHOR.     (Preparing.) 

A  SYSTEM  OF  SURGERY ;  Diagnostic,  Pathological,  Therapeutic,  and  Opera- 
tive.   With  very  numerous  engravings  on  wood. 

BY   THE   SAME   AUTHOR. 

ELEMENTS  OF  PATHOLOGICAL  ANATOMY;  illustrated  by  colored  En- 

gravings,  and  two  hundred  and  fifty  wood-cuts.     Second  edition,  thoroughly  revised  and  greatly 
enlarged.     In  one  very  large  and  handsome  imperial  octavo  volume,  pp.  S22. 

"We  recommend  it  as  the  most  complete,  and,  on  The  colored  engravings  and  wood-cuts  are  exceed- 
the  whole,  the  least  defective  compilation  on  the  |  ingly  well  executed,  and  the  entire  getting  upof  the 
subject  in  the  English  language. — Brit,  and  For.  I  work  doesmuch  credit  to  theenterprising  publishers. 
Med.  Journal.  We  regard   it  as  one  of  the  most  valuable  works 

It  is  altogether  the  most  complete  exposition  of  I  ever  issued  from  the  American  press,  and  it  does 
Pathological  Anatomy  in  our  language.— ^OTfncan  !  f<=at  honor  alike  to  the  author  and  the  country  of 
Journal  of  Medical  Sciences.  |  '"»  birth.— A'.  Y.  Journal  of  Medicine. 

It  is  the  most  complete  and  useful  svstematic  work  !  '^^^^  commend  it  to  the  attention  of  the  profession 
on  Pathological  Anatomy  in  the  English  language.  ,  as  one  of  the  best  extant  upon  the  subject  on  which 

°  °     °      1  it  treats. — Southern  Journal  Med.  and  Pharmacy. 


AND    SCIENTIFIC    PUBLICATIONS.  17 

GLUGE  (GOTTLIEB),   M.  D., 

Professor  of  Physiology  and  Pathological  Anatomy  in  the  University  of  Brussels,  &c. 

AN  ATLAS   OF   PATHOLOGICAL   HISTOLOGY.     Translated,  with  Notes 

and  Additions,  by  Joseph  Leidy,  M.  D.,  Professor  of  Anatomy  in  tlie  Uni%'^ersity  of  Pennsylva- 
nia. In  one  volume,  very  large  imperial  quarto,  with  three  hundred  and  twenty  figures,  plain 
and  colored,  on  twelve  copperplates. 

This  being,  as  far  as  we  know,  the  only  work  in  the  unconnected  observations  of  a  great  number  of 
which  pathological  histology  is  separately  treated  authors.  The  development  of  the  morbid  tissues, 
of  in  a  comprehensive  manner,  it  \vill,'we  think,  for  and  the  formation  of  abnormal  products,  may  now 
this  reason,  be  of  infinite  service  to  those  who  desire  be  followed  and  studied  with  the  same  ease  and 
to  investigate  the  subject  systematically,  and  who  satisfaction  as  the  best  arranged  system  of  phy- 
have  felt  the  difficulty  of  arranging  in  their  mind     siology. — American  Med.  Journal. 


GARDNER  (D.  PEREIRA),  M.  D. 
MEDICAL  CHExMISTKY,  for  the  use  of  Students  and  the  Profession :  being  a 

Manual  of  the  Science,  with  its  Applications  to  Toxicology,  Physiology,  Therapeutics,  Hygiene, 
&c.     In  one  handsome  royal  i2mo.  volume,  of  about  400  pages,  with  illustrations. 

HASSE  (C.  EJ,   M.  D. 
AN  ANATOMICAL  DESCRIPTION  OF  THE  DISEASES  OF  RESPIRA- 
TION AND  CIRCULATION.     Translated  and  Edited  by  Swaine.    In  one  volume,  octavo. 


HARRISON  (JOHN),   M.D. 
AN   ESSAY  TOWARDS  A   CORRECT  THEORY  OF  THE  NERVOUS 

SYSTEM.    In  one  octavo  volume,  292  pages. 

HUNTER  (JOHN). 
TREATISE  ON  THE  VENEREAL  DISEASE.     With  copious  Additions,  by 

Dr.  Ph.  PwIcord,  Surgeon  to  the  Venereal  Hospital  of  Paris.     Edited,  with  additional  Notes,  by 
F.  J.  BuMSTEAD,  M.  D.     In  one  octavo  volume,  with  plates     {Noiv  Ready.)    ^^  See  Uicord. 
Also,  HUNTER'S  COMPLETE  WORKS,  with  Memoir,  Notes,  &c.  &c.    In  four  neat  octavo 
volumes,  with  plates. 

HUGHES    (H.    MJ,  M.  D., 

Assistant  Phj'sician  to  Guy's  Hospital,  &c. 

A  CLINICAL  INTRODUCTION  TO  THE  PRACTICE  OF  AUSCULTA- 
TION, and  other  Modes  of  Physical  Diagnosis,  in  Diseases  of  the  Lungs  and  Heart.  Second 
American  from  the  Second  and  Improved  London  Edition.  In  one  royal  12mo.  vol.  pp.  304. 

HORNER  (WILLIAM  E.),  M.  D,, 
Professor  of  Anatomy  in  the  University  of  Pennsylvania. 

SPECIAL   ANATOMY    AND    HISTOLOGY.     Eighth  edition.     Extensively 

revised  and  modified.     In  two  large  octavo  volumes,  of  more  than  one  thousand  pages,  hand- 
somely printed,  with  over  three  hundred  illustrations. 

This  work  has  enjoyed  a  thorough  and  laborious  revision  on  the  part  of  the  author,  with  the 
view  of  bringing  it  fully  up  to  the  existing  state  of  knowledge  on  the  subject  of  general  and  special 
anatomy.  To  adapt  it  more  perfectly  to  the  wants  of  the  student,  he  has  introduced  a  large  number 
of  additional  wood-engravings,  illustrative  of  the  objects  described,  while  the  publishers  have  en- 
deavored to  render  the  mechanical  execution  of  the  work  worthy  of  the  extended  reputation  which 
it  has  acquired.  The  demand  which  has  carried  it  to  an  EIGHTH  EDITION  is  a  sufficient  evi- 
dence of  the  value  of  the  work,  and  of  its  adaptation  to  the  wants  of  the  student  and  professional 
reader. 

HOBLYN  (RICHARD  D.),  A.  M. 
A  DICTIONARY  OF  THE  TERMS  USED  m  MEDICINE  AND   THE 

COLLATERAL    SCIENCES.     New  and  much  improved  American  Edition.     Revised,  with 
numerous  Additions,  from  the  last  London  edition,  by  Isaac  Hays,  M.  D.,  &c.    In  one  large 
royal  12mo.  volume,  of  over  five  hundred  pages,  double  columns.     (^Now  Ready.) 
In  passing  this  work  a  second  time  through  the  press,  the  editor  has  subjected  it  to  a  very  tho- 
rough revision,  making  such  additions  as  the  progress  of  science  has  rendered  desirable,  and  sup- 
plying any  omissions  that  may  have  previously  existed.     The  extent  of  these  additions  may  be 
estimated  from  the  fact  that  this  edition  contains  about  one-third  more  matter  than  the  previous 
one,  notwithstanding  which  it  has  been  kept  at  the  former  very  moderate  rate.     As  a  concise  and 
convenient  Dictionary  of  Medical  Terms,  at  an  exceedingly  low  price,  it  will  therefore  be  found  of 
great  value  to  the  student  and  practitioner. 

JONES  (T.  WHARTON),   F.  R.  S.,  &,c. 
THE  PRINCIPLES  AND  PRACTICE  OF   OPHTHALMIC    MEDICINE 

AND  SURGERY.    Edited  by  Isaac  Hays,  M.  D.,  &c.     In  one  very  neat  volume,  large  royal 
12mo.,  of  529  pages,  with  four  plates,  plain  or  colored,  and  ninety-eight  wood-cuts. 


The  work  afiply  sustains,  in  every  point  the  al- 
ready high  reputation  of  the  author  as  an  ophthalmic 
surgeon  as  well  as  a  physiologist  and  pathologist. 
The  book  is  evidently  the  result  of  much  labor  and 
research,  and  has  been  written  with  the  greatest 
care  and  attention.  We  entertain  little  doubt  that 
this  book  will  become  what  its  author  hoped  it 


might  become,  a  manual  for  daily  reference  and 
consultation  by  the  student  and  the  general  practi- 
tioner. The  work  is  marked  by  that  correctness, 
clearness,  and  precision  of  style  which  distinguish 
all  the  productions  of  the  learned  author. — British 
and  Foreign  Medical  Review, 


18 


BLANCHARD    &   LEA'S   MEDICAL 


JONES  (C.   HANDFIELD),  F.  R.  S.,  &.   EDWARD   H.   SIEVEKING,   M.D., 

Assistant  Physicians  and  Lecturers  in  St.  Mary's  Hospital,  London. 

A  MANUAL  OF  PATHOLOGICAL   ANATOMY.     First  American  Edition, 

Revised.  With  three  hundred  and  ninety-seven  handsome  wood  engravings.  la  one  large  and 
beautiful  octavo  volume  of" nearly  seven  hundred  and  fifty  pages.  {Just  Issued.) 
In  a  "work  like  the  present,  intended  as  a  text-book  for  the  student  of  pathology,  accurate  engrav- 
ings of  the  various  results  of  morbid  action  are  of  the  greatest  assistance.  The  American  pub- 
lishers have,  therefore,  considered  that  the  value  of  the  vi^ork  might  be  enhanced  by  increasing  the 
number  of  illll^trations,  and,  with  this  object,  many  wood-cuts,  from  the  best  authorities,  have  been 
introduced,  increasing  the  number  from  one  hundred  and  sixty-seven,  in  the  London  Edition,  to 
three  hundred  and  ninety-seven  in  this.  The  selection  of  these  wood-cuts  has  been  made  by  a 
competent  member  of  the  profession,  who  iias  supervised  the  progress  of  the  work  through  the 
press,  with  the  view  of  securing  an  accurate  repruit,  and  of  correcting  such  errors  as  had  escaped 
the  attention  of  the  authors. 

With  these  improvements,  the  volume  is  therefore  presented  in  the  hope  of  stipplying  the  ac- 
knov/ledged  want  of  a  work  which,  within  a  moderate  compass,  should  embody  a  condensed  and 
accurate  digest  of  the  present  state  of  pathological  science,  as  extended  by  recent  microscopical, 
chemical,  and  physiological  researches. 

Asa  concise  text-book,  containing^,  in  a  condensed  I  authors,have  not  attempted  to  intrude  ne\v  views  on 
form,  a  complete  outline  of  what  is  known  in  the  i  their  professional  brethren,  but  simply  to  lay  before 
d(miain  of  Pathological  Anatomy,  it  is  perhaps  the  !  them,  what  has  long  been  wanted,  an  outline  of  the 
best  work  in  the  English  language.  Its  great  merit  present  condition  of  pathological  anatomy.  In  this 
consists  in  its  completeness  and  brevity,  and  in  this    they  have  been  completely  successful.     The  work  is 


respect  it  supplies  a  great  desideratum  in  our  lite 
rature.  Heretofore  the  student  of  pathology  was 
obliged  to  glean  from  a  great  number  of  monographs, 
and  the  field  was  so  extensive  that  but  few  cultivated 
it  with  any  desree  of  success.  The  authors  of  the 
present  W(u-k  have  sought  to  corrrct  this  defect  by 
placing  before  tiie  reader  a  summary  of  ascertained 
facts,  together  witli  the  opinions  of  the  most  eminent 
pathologists  both  of  the  Old  and  New  World.  As  a 
simple  work  of  reference,  therefore,  it  is  of  great 
value  to  the  student  of  pathological  anatomy,  and 
should  be  in  every  physician's  library. —  Western 
Lancet. 

We  urge  upon  our  readers  and  the  profession  gene- 
rally the  importance  of  informing  themselves  in  re- 
gard to  modern  views  of  pathology,  and  recommend 
to  them  to  procure  the  work  before  us  as  the  best 
means  of  obtaining  this  information. — Stethoscope. 


one  of  the  best  compilations  which  we  have  ever 
perused.  The  opinions  and  discoveries  of  all  the 
leading  pathologists  and  physiologists  are  engrossed, 
so  that  by  reading  any  subject  treated  in  tlie  book 
you  have  a  synopsis  of  the  views  of  the  most  ap- 
proved a.utliots.-^Charleston  Medical  Journal  and 
Review. 

We  have  no  hesitation  in  recommending  it  as 
worthy  of  careful  and  thorough  study  by  every  mem- 
ber of  the  profession,  old,  or  young. — N.  W.  Med. 
and  Surg.  Journal. 

From  the  casual  examination  we  have  given  ^ve 
are  inclined  to  regard  it  as  a  text-book,  plain,  ra- 
tional, and  intelligible,  such  a  book  as  the  practical 
man  needs  for  daily  reference.  For  this  reason  it 
will  be  likely  to  be  largely  useful,  as  it  suits  itself 
to  those  busv  men  who  have  little  time  for  minute 
investigation,  and  prefer  a  summary  to  an  elaborate 


In  offering  the  above  titled  work  to  the  public,  the  1  treatise.— BMjfaio  Medical  Journal 

KIRKES  (WILLIAM   SENHOUSE),    M.  D., 

Demonstrator  of  Morbid  Anatomy  at  St.  Bartholomew's  Hospital,  &c.;  and 

JAMES   PAGET,  F.  R.  S., 

Lecturer  on  General  Anatomy  and  Physiology  in  St.  Bartholomew's  Hospital. 

A    MANUAL    OF    PHYSIOLOaY.     Second  American,  from  the  second  and 

improved  London  edition.    With  one  hundred  and  sixty-five  illustrations.     In  one  large  and 
handsome  royal  12mo.  volume,     pp.  550.     {Just  Issued.) 


In  the  present  edition,  the  Manual  of  Physiology 
has  been  brought  up  to  the  actual  condition  of  the 
science,  and  fully  sustains  the  reputation  which  it 
has  already  so  deservedly  attained.  We  consider 
the  work  of  MM.  Kirkes  and  Paget  to  constitute  one 
of  the  very  best  handbooks  of  Physiology  we  possess 
— presenting  just  such  an  outline  of  the  science,  com- 
prising an  account  of  its  leading  facts  and  generally 
admitted  principles,  as  the  student  requires  during 
his  attendance  upon  a  course  of  lectures,  or  for  re- 
ference whilst  preparing  for  examination. —  Am. 
Medical  Journal . 

We  need  only  say,  that,  without  entering  into  dis- 
cussions of  unsettled  questions,  it  contains  all  the 
recent  improvements  in  this  department  of  medical 
science.     For  the  student  beginning  this  study,  and 


the  practitioner  who  has  but  leisure  to  refresh  his 
memory,  this  book  is  invaluable,  as  it  contains  all 
that  it  is  important  to  know,  without  special  details, 
wliich  are  read  with  interest  only  by  those  who 
would  make  a  specialty,  or  desire  to  possess  a  criti- 
cal knowledge  of  the  subject. — Charleston  Medical 
Journal. 

One  of  the  best  treatises  that  can  be  put  into  the 
hands  of  the  student. — London  Medical  Gazette, 

Particularly  adapted  to  those  who  desire  to  pos- 
sess a  concise  digest  of  the  facts  of  Human  Physi- 
ology.— British  and  Foreign  Med.-Chirurg.  Review. 

We  conscientiously  recommend  it  as  an  admira- 
ble "Handbook  of  Physiology."— iondon  Journal 
of  Medicine. 


KNAPP  (F.),  PH.  D.,  &c. 
TEGHNOLOGtY  ;  or,  Chemistry  applied  to  the  Arts  and  to  Manufactures.    Edited, 

with  numerous  Notes  and  Additions,  by  Dr.  Edmund  Ronalds  and  Dr.  Thomas  Richardson. 
First  American  edition,  with  Notes  and  Additions,  by  Prof.  Walter  R.  Johnson.  In  two  hand- 
some octavo  volumes,  printed  and  illustrated  in  the  highest  style  of  art,  with  about  five  hmidred 
wood-engravings. 

LONGET   (F.  A.) 
TREATISE    ON    PHYSIOLOGY.      With  numerous  Illustrations.     Translated 

from  the  French  by  F.  G.  Smith,  M.  D.,  Professor  of  Institutes  of  Medicine  in  the  Pennsylvania 
Medical  College.     {Pre-paring.) 


LALLEMAND  (M.). 
THE    CAUSES,    SYMPTOMS,    AND    TREATMENT    OP    SPERMATOR- 

RHCEA.     Translated  and  edited  by  Henry  J.  McDougjal.    In  one  volume,  octavo,  320  pages. 
Second  American  edition.     (Just  Issued.) 


AND    SCIENTIFIC    PUBLICATIONS.  19 

LEHMANN    (G.   CJ 
PHYSIOLOGICAL    CHEMISTRY.      Translated  by  George  E.  Day,  M.  D., 

and  edited  by  Prof.  R.  E.  Kogers,  of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania.     In  two  large  octavo 

volumes,  with  nearly  two  hundred  illustrations.     (Noiv  Ready.) 

This  great  work,  universally  recognized  as  the  most  complete  and  authoritative  exposition  of  its 
intricate  and  important  subject  in  its  most  advanced  condition,  has  received  every  care  during  its 
passage  through  the  press,  under  tlie  superintendence  of  Prof  Rogers,  to  insure  the  entire  accuracy 
indispensable  to  a  work  of  this  character.  It  has  also  been  improved  b}''  the  distribution  in  the 
appropriate  places  throughout  the  text  of  the  numerous  additions  and  corrections  embodied  in  the 
Appendix,  while  a  number  of  illusi  rations  have  been  introduced  from  "Funke's  Atlas  of  Physiological 
Chemistry,"  and  an  Appendix  of  Plates  has  been  added.  The  publishers,  therefore,  trust  that  it 
will  be  found  a  complete  and  accurate  edition,  and  in  every  respect  worthy  of  the  reputation  of  the 
work. 

The  progress  of  research  m  this  department  is  so  '  and  exact  view  of  its  present  aspect,  should  lose  no 
rapid,  that  Prof.  Lelimann's  treatise  must  be  re-  i  time  in  attaching  themselves  to  the  Society  by  which 
garded  as  having  completely  superseded  that  of,  it  is  in  course  of  publication. — British  and  Foreign 
Simon;  and  all  \vho  desire  to  possess  a  systematic  ,  Medico-Ckiritrgical  Revieiv. 

work  on  Physiological  Chemistry  by  a  man  who  is  i  rpj^g  ^^,^^^  pf  Lehmann  stands  unrivalled  as  the 
thoroughly  qualified,  both  by  his  physiological  and  ^^^^  comprehensive  book  of  reference  and  informa- 
chemical  acquirements,  by  his  own  eminence  iis  an  )  ^■^^,^  g^^.^^j  <,„  ^^  ,3,.^„g,,  ^f  j,,^  subject  on  which 
experimentalist,  and  by  theph.losophic  impartiality,  jj  trtata.-Edinburg  Mo7iMy  Journal  of  Medical 
of  his  habits  of  thought,  to  aiiord  a  comprehensive  i  s^jg^gg 

BY  THE  SAME  AtJTHOR.     (Now  Ready.) 

CHEMICAL   PHYSIOLOGY.      Translated,   with   numerous   additions,    by   J. 

Cheston  Morris,  M.  D.,  with  an  Introduction  by  Prof.  S.  Jackson,  of  the  University  of  Penn- 
sylvania.    In  one  handsome  octavo  volume,  with  illustrations. 

The  original  of  this  work,  though  but  lately  issued  by  its  distinguished  author,  has  already 
assumed  the  highest  position,  as  presenting  in  their  latest  development  the  modern  doctrines  and 
discoveries  in  the  chemistry  of  life.  The  numerous  additions  by  the  translator,  and  the  Introduc- 
tion by  Professor  Jackson  will  render  its  physiological  aspect  more  complete  than  designed  by  the 
author,  and  will  adapt  it  for  use  as  a  text-book  of  physiology,  presenthig  more  thoroughly  than  has 
yet  been  attempted,  the  modiiications  arising  from  the  vast  impulse  which  organic  ciiemistry  has 
received  within  a  few  years  past. 

LAWRENCE  (W.),   F.  R.  S.,  &c. 
A  TREATISE    ON    DISEASES    OF    THE    EYE.     A    new  edition,   edited, 

with  numerous  additions,  and  243  illustrations,  by  Isaac  Hays,  M.  D.,  Surgeon  to  Wills  Hospi- 
tal, &c.  In  one  very  large  and  handsome  octavo  volume,  of  950  pages,  strongly  bound  in  leather 
with  raised  bands.     {Lately  Issued.) 

This  work  is  so  universally  recognized  as  the  standard  authority  on  the  subject,  that  the  pub- 
lishers in  presenting  this  new  edition  have  only  to  remark  that  in  its  preparation  the  editor  has 
carefully  revised  every  portion,  introducing  additions  and  illustrations  wherever  the  advance  of 
science  has  rendered  them  necessary  or  desirable.  The  various  important  contributions  to 
ophthalmological  science,  recently  made  by  Dalrymple,  Jacob,  Walton,  Wilde,  Cooper,  &c., 
both  in  the  form  of  separate  treatises  and  contributions  to  periodicals,  have  been  carefully 
examined  by  the  editor,  and,  combined  with  the  results  of  his  own  e.xperience,  have  been 
freely  introduced  throughout  the  volume,  rendering  it  a  complete  and  thorough  exponent  of 
the  most  advanced  state  of  the  subject. 


This  admirable  treatise  — the  safest  guide  and  most 
comprehensive  work  of  reference,  which  is  within 
the  reach  of  the  profession. — Stethoscope. 

This  standard  text-book  on  the  department  of 
which  it  treats,  has  not  been  superseded,  by  any  or 
all  of  the  numerous  publications  on  the  subject 
heretofore  issued.  Nor  with  the  multiplied  improve- 
ments of  Dr.  Hays,  the  American  editor,  is  it  at  all 


octavo  pages—  has  enabled  both  author  and  editor  to 
do  justice"  to  all  the  details  of  this  subject,  andcon- 
dense  in  this  single  volume  the  present  state  of  our 
knowledge  of  the  whole  science  in  this  department, 
whereby  its  practical  value  cannot  be  excelled.  We 
heartily  commend  it,  especially  as  a  book  of  refe- 
rence, indispensable  in  every  medical  library.  The 
additions  of  the  American  editor  very  greatly  en- 
hance the  value  of  the  work,  exhibiting  the  learning 
likely  that  this  great  work  will  cease  to  merit  the  j  and  experience  of  Dr.  Hays,  in  the  light  in  which  he 
confidence  and  preference  of  students  or  practition-  !  ought  to  be  held,  as  a  standard  authority  on  all  sub- 
ers.     Its  ample  extent — nearly  one  thousand  large  |  jects  appertaining  to  this  specialty. — N.Y.  Med.Gaz. 


LEE  (ROBERT),   M.  D.,  F.  R.  S.,  SiC. 
CLINICAL    MIDWIFERY;    comprising  the   Histories  of  Five  Hundred  and 

Forty-five  Cases  of  Difficult,  Preternatural,  and  Complicated  Labor,  with  Commentaries.  From 
the  second  Liondon  edition.     In  one  royal  12mo.  volume,  extra  cloth,  of  238  pages. 

LUDLOW    (J.    L.),    M.  D,, 

Lecturer  on  Clinical  Medicine  at  the  Philadelphia  Almshouse,  &c. 

A  MANUAL  OF  EXAMINATIONS  upon  Anatomy  and  Physiology,  Surgery, 

Practice  of  Medicine,  Chemistry,  Obstetrics,  Materia  Medica,  Pharmacy,  and  Therapeutics. 
Designed  for  Students  of  Medicine  throughout  the  United  States.  A  new  edition,  revised  and 
improved.     In  one  large  royal  12mo.  volume,  with  several  hundred  illustrations.     {Preparing.) 


LISTON  (ROBERT),   F.  R.  S,,  &c. 
LECTURES  ON  THE  OPERATIONS  OF  SURGERY,  and  on  Diseases  and 

Accidents  requiring  Operations.     Edited,  with  numerous  Additions  and  Alterations,  by  T.  D. 
MiJTTER,  M.  D.    In  one  large  and  handsome  octavo  volume,  of  566  pages,  with  216  wood-cuts. 


20 


BLANCHARD    &   LEA'S   MEDICAL 


LA    ROCHE   (R.),    M.  D.,  &c. 
PNEUMONIA ;  its  Supposed  Connection,  Pathological  and  Etiological,  with  Au- 
tumnal Feverri,  including  an  Inquiry  into  the  Existence  and  Morbid  Agency  of  Malaria.     In  one 
handsome  octavo  volume,  extra  cloth,  of  500  pages. 

A  more  simple,  clear,  and  forcible  exposition  of  I  Thiswork  should  becarefully  studied  by  Southern 
the  groundless  nature  and  dangerous  tendency  of  |  physicians,  embodying  as  it  does  the  reflections  of 
certain  pathological  and  etiological  heresies,  has  I  an  original  thinker  and  close  observer  on  a  subject 
seldom  been  presented  to  our  notice. — JV.  Y.  Journal  peculiarly  their  own. —  Virginia  Med.  and  Surgical 
0/ Medicine  and  Collateral  Science.  \  Journal. 

BY  THE  SAME  AUTHOR.     (Now  Ready.) 

YELLOW  FEVER,,  considered  in  its   Historical,  Pathological,  Etiological,  and 

Therapeutical  R,elations.  Including  a  Sketch  of  the  Disease  as  it  has  occurred  in  Philadelphia 
from  1699  to  1854,  with  an  examination  of  the  connections  between  it  and  the  fevers  known  under 
the  same  name  in  other  parts  of  teniperate  as  well  as  in  tropical  regions.  In  two  large  and 
hand^ome  octavo  volumes  of  nearly  1500  pages. 

The  publishers  are  happy  in  being  able  at  length  fo  present  to  the  profession  this  great  work, 
"whicli  they  are  assured  will  be  regarded  as  an  honor  to  the  medical  literature  of  the  country.  As 
the  result  of  many  years  of  personal  observation  and  study,  as  embodying  an  intelligent  resume  of 
all  that  has  been  written  regarding  the  disease,  and  as  exhausting  the  subject  in  all  its  various 
aspects,  these  volumes  must  at  once  take  the  position  of  the  standard  authority  and  work  of  refe- 
rence on  the  many  important  questions  brought  into  consideration. 

From  Professor  S.  U.  Dickson,  Charleston,  S.  C,    I  curate  and  thorough  knowledge  of  the  subject,  ae- 
Septembf.r '18,  1855.  quired  by  ample  experience  and  opportunities  for 

A  monument  of  intelligent  and  well  applied  re-  I  investigations  both  at  home  and  abroad,  while  he 
Bearch,  almost  without  example.  It  is,  indeed,  in  ,  brings  to  his  task  peculiar  qualifications  by  his  pro- 
itself,  a  large  library,  and  is  destined  to  constitute  found  learning  in  all  that  appertains  to  the  science 
the  sj)eoial  resort  as  a  book  of  reference,  in  the 
subject  of  which  it  treats,  tj  all  future  time. 


This  truly  great  work  has  just  appeared  in  two 


nd  art  of  healing.  We  recommend  it  to  the  pro- 
.fession  and  the  public  as  an  able  and  elaborate  r£- 
snni^  of  all  that  is  known  on  the  subject  of  Yellow 
Fever,   with  a   vast  amount   of  information   upon 


large  octavo  volumes,  and  while  it  will  be  hailed  \  every 'aspect  of  this  important  topic,  upon  which 


throughout  our  country  as  a  most  timely  and  desira- 
ble con  ribution  to  American  Medical  Literature,  it 
will  be  sought  for  and  read  with  avidity  abroad,  for 
its  author  has  a  world-wide  reputation  in  scholastic 
and  practical  medicine.    Dr.  La  Roche  has  an  ac- 


the  .-iuthor  has  expended  an  amount  of  industry  and 
genius  which  can  never  be  adequately  rewarded, 
however  appreciated  by  his  brethren. — N.  Y.  Medi- 
cal Gazette,  October,  1655. 


LARDNER  (DIONYSIUS),   D.  C.  L.,  &c. 
HANDBOOKS    OF    NATURAL    PHILOSOPHY    AND    ASTRONOMY. 

Revised,  with  numerous  Additions,  by  the  American  editor.  First  Course,  containing  Mecha- 
nics, Hydrostatics,  Hydraulics,  Pneumatics,  Sound,  and  Optics.  In  one  large  royal  12mo. 
volume,  of  750  pages,  with  424  wood-cuts.  Second  Course,  containing  Heat,  Electricity,  Mag- 
netism, and  GalvanisiTi,  one  volume,  large  royal  12mo.,  of  450  pages,  with  250  illustrations. 
Third  Course  (  now  ready),  containing  Meteorology  and  Astronomy,  in  one  large  volume,  royal 
12mo.  of  nearly  eight  hundred  pages,  with  thirty-seven  plates  and  two  hundred  wood-cuts.  The 
whole  complete  in  three  volumes,  of  about  two  thousand  large  pages,  with  over  one  thousand 
figures  on  steel  and  wood.  Any  volume  sold  separate. 
The  various  sciences  treated  in  this  work  will  be  found  brought  thoroughly  up  to  the  latest  period. 


MACKENZIE   (W.),    M.D., 

Surgeon  Oculist  in  Scotland  in  ordinary  to  Her  Majesty,  &c.  &c. 

A  PRACTICAL   TREATISE  ON   DISEASES    AND  INJURIES  OF   THE 

EYE.  To  which  is  prefixed  an  Anatomical  Introduction  explanatory  of  a  Horizontal  Section  ot 
the  Human  Eyeball,  by  Thomas  Wharton  Jones,  F.  R.  S.  From  the  Fourth  Revised  and  En- 
larged London  Edition.  With  Notes  and  Additions  by  Addinell  Hewson,  M.  D.,  Surgeon  10 
wills  Hospital,  &:c.  &c.  In  one  very  large  and  handsome  octavo  volume,  with  plates  and  numerous 
wood-cuts.     (Now  Ready.) 

The  treatise  of  Dr.  Mackenzie  indisputably  holds  1  accordance  with  the  advances  in  the  science  which 
the  first  place,  and  forms,  in  respect  of  learning  and    have  been  made  of  late  years.    Nothing  worthy  of 


research,  an  EneyclopEedia  unequalled  in  extent  by 
any  other  work  of  the  kind ,  either  English  or  foreign. 
— Dixon  on  Diseases  of  the  Eye. 

Few  modern  bonks  on  any  department  of  medicine 
or  surgery  have  met  with  such  extended  circulation, 
or  have  procured  for  their  authors  a  like  amount  of 
European  celebrity.  The  immense  research  which 
it  displayed,  the  thorough  acquaintance  with  the 
subject,  practically  as  well  as  theoretically,  and  the 
able  manner  in  which  the  author's  stores  of  learning 
and  experience  were  rendered  available  for  genersil 
use,  at  once  procured  for  the  first  edition,  as  well  on 
the  continent  as  in  this  country,  that  high  position 
as  a  standard  work  which  each  successive  edition 
has  more  firmly  established,  in  spite  of  the  attrac- 
tions of  several  rivals  of  no  mean  ability.  This,  the 
fourth  edition,  has  been  in  a  great  measure  re-writ- 
ten;  new  matter,  to  the  extent  of  one  hundred  and 
fifty  pages,  has  been  added,  and  in  several  instances 
formerly  expressed  opinions  have  been  modified  in 


repetition  upon  any  branch  of  the  subject  appears  to 
have  escaped  the  author's  notice.  We  consider  it 
the  duty  of  every  one  who  has  the  love  of  liis  profes- 
sion and  the  welfare  of  his  patient  at  heart,  to  make 
himself  familiar  with  this  the  most  complete  work 
in  the  English  language  upon  the  diseases  of  the  eye. 
— Med.  Times  and  Gazette. 

The  fourth  edition  of  this  standard  work  will  no 
doubt  be  as  fully  appreciated  as  the  three  former  edi- 
tions. It  is  unnecessary  to  say  a  word  in  its  praise, 
for  the  verdict  has  already  been  passed  upon  it  by 
the  most  competent  judges,  and  "  Mackenzie  on  the 
Eye"  has  justly  obtained  a  reputation  which  it  is 
no  figure  of  speech  to  call  world-wide. — British  and 
Foreign  Medico-C hirurgical  Revieio. 

This  new  edition  cf  Dr.  Mackenzie's  celebrated 
treatise  on  diseases  of  the  eye,  is  truly  a  miracle  of 
industry  and  learning.  We  need  scarcely  say  that 
lie  has  entirely  exhausted  the  subject  of  his  specialty. 
— Dublin  Quarterly  Journal. 


AND    SCIENTIFIC    PUBLICATIONS. 


21 


MEIGS  (CHARLES   D.),  M.  D., 

Professor  of  Obstetrics,  &c.  in  the  JefTerson  Medical  College,  Philadelphia. 

ON    THE    NATURE,    SIGNS,    AND    TREATMENT    OF    CHILDBED 

FEVER.     In   a  Series  of  Letters  addressed  to  the  Students  of  his  Class.     In  one  handsome 

octavo  volume,  of  three  hundred  and  sixty-five  pages.    {Now  Ready.) 

This  book  will  add  more  to  his  fame  than  either 
of  those  which  bear  his  name.  Indeed  we  doubt 
whether  any  material  improvement  will  be  made  on 


the  teachings  of  this  volume  for  a  century  to  come, 
since  it  is  so  eminently  practical,  and  based  on  pro- 
found knowledge  of  the  science  and  consummate 
skill  in  the  ar«  of  healing,  and  ratified  by  an  ample 
and  extensive  experience,  such  as  few  men  have  the 
industry  or  good  fortune  to  acquire. — N.  Y.  Med. 
Gazette, 


The  instructive  and  interesting  author  of  this 
work,  whose  previous  labors  in  the  department  of 
medicine  which  he  so  sedulously  cultivates,  have 
placed  his  countrymen  under  deep  and  abiding  obli- 
gations, again  challenges  their  admiration  in  the 
fresh  and  vigorous,  attractive  and  racy  pages  before 
ns.  It  is  a  delectable  book.  *  *  *  This  treatise 
upon  child-bed  fevers  will  have  an  extensive  sale, 
being  destined,  as  it  deserves,  to  find  a  place  in  the 
library  of  every  practitioner  who  scorns  to  lag  in  the 
rear  of  his  brethren. — Nashville  Journal  of  Medi- 
cine and  Surgery. 

BY   THE   SAME   AUTHOR. 

WOMAN :  HER  DISEASES  AND  THEIR  REMEDIES.     A  Series  of  Lee- 

lures  to  his  Class.     Third  and  Improved  edition.     In  one  large  and  beautifully  printed  octavo 

volume.     {Just  Issued.)    pp.  672. 

The  gratifying  appreciation  of  his  labors,  as  evinced  by  the  exhaustion  of  two  large  impressions 
of  this  work  within  a  few  years,  has  not  been  lost  upon  the  author,  who  has  endeavored  in  every 
way  to  render  it  vrorthy  of  the  favor  with  which  it  has  been  received.  The  opportunity  thus 
aflbrded  for  a  second  revision  has  been  improved,  and  the  work  is  now  presented  as  in  every  way 
superior  to  its  predecessors,  additions  and  alterations  having  been  made  whenever  the  advance  of 
science  has  rendered  them  desirable.  The  typographical  execution  of  the  work  will  also  be  found 
to  have  undergone  a  similar  improvement  and  the  work  is  now  confidently  presented  as  in  every 
way  worthy  the  position  it  has  acquired  as  the  standard  American  text-book  on  the  Diseases  of 
Females. 


It  contains  a  vast  amount  of  practical  knowledge, 
by  one  who  has  accurately  observed  and  retained 
the  experience  of  many  years,  and  who  tells  the  re- 
sult in  a  free,  familiar,  and  pleasant  manner. — Dub- 
lin Quarterly  Journal. 

There  is  an  off-hand  fervor,  a  glow,  and  a  warm- 
heartedness infecting  the  effort  of  Dr.  Meigs,  which 
is  entirely  captivating,  and  ^vhich  absolutely  hur- 
ries the  reader  through  from  beginning  to  end.  Be- 
sides, the  book  teems  with  solid  instruction,  and 
it  shows  the  very  highest  evidence  of  ability,  viz., 
the  clearness  with  which  the  information  is  pre- 
sented. We  know  of  no  better  test  of  one's  under- 
standing a  subject  than  the  evidence  of  the  power 
of  lucidly  explaining  it.  The  most  elementary,  as 
well  as  the  obscurest  subjects,  under  the  pencil  of 
Prof.  Meigs,  are  isolated  and  made  to  stand  out  in 


such  bold  relief,  as  to  produce  distinct  impressions 
upon  the  mind  and  memory  of  the  reader. —  Thi 
Charleston  Med.  Journal. 

Professor  Meigs  has  enlarged  and  amended  this 
great  work,  for  such  it  unquestionably  is,  having 
passed  the  ordeal  of  criticism  at  home  and  abroad, 
but  been  improved  thereby  ;  for  in  this  new  edition 
the  author  has  introd\iced  real  improvements,  and 
increased  the  value  and  utility  of  the  book  im- 
measurably. It  presents  so  many  novel,  bright, 
and  sparkling  thoughts;  such  an  exuberance  of  new 
ideas  on  almost  every  page,  that  we  confess  our- 
selves to  have  become  enamored  with  the  book 
and  its  author;  and  cannot  withhold  our  congratu- 
lations from  our  Philadelphia  confreres,  that  such  a 
teacher  is  in  their  service. — N.  Y.  Med.  Gazette. 


BY   THE   SAME   AUTHOR. 

OBSTETRICS :  THE  SCIENCE  AND   THE   ART.     Second  edition,  revised 

and  improved.     With  one  hundred  and  thirty-one  illustrations.     In  one  beautifully  printed  octavo 
volume,  of  seven  hundred  and  fifty-two  large  pages.     {Lately  Published.) 

The  rapid  demand  for  a  second  edition  of  this  work  is  a  sufficient  evidence  that  it  has  supplied 
a  desideratum  of  the  profession,  notwithstanding  the  numerous  treatises  on  the  same  subject  which 
have  appeared  within  the  last  few  years.  Adopting  a  system  of  his  own,  the  author  has  combined 
the  leading  principles  of  his  interesting  and  difficult  subject,  with  a  thorough  exposition  of  its  rules 
of  practice,  presenting  the  results  of  long  and  extensive  experience  and  of  familiar  acquaintance 
with  all  the  modern  writers  on  this  department  of  medicine.  As  an  American  Treatise  on  Mid- 
wifery, which  has  at  once  assumed  the  position  of  a  classic,  it  possesses  peculiar  claims  to  the  at- 
tention and  study  of  the  practitioner  and  student,  while  the  numerous  alterations  and  revisions 
which  it  has  undergone  in  the  present  edition  are  shown  by  the  great  enlargement  of  the  work, 
which  is  not  only  increased  as  to  the  size  of  the  page^but  also  in  the  number. 

BY  THE  SAME  AUTHOR.     {Lately  FtibUshed.) 

A  TREATISE  ON  ACUTE  AND  CHRONIC  DISEASES  OF  THE  NECK 

OF  THE  UTERUS.     With  numerous  plates,  drawn  and  colored  from  nature  in  the  highest 
style  of  art.     In  one  handsome  octavo  volume,  extra  cloth. 

The  object  of  the  author  in  this  work  has  been  to  present  in  a  small  compass  the  practical  results 
of  his  long  experience  in  this  important  and  distressing  class  of  diseases.  The  great  changes  intro- 
duced into  practice,  and  the  accessions  to  our  knowledge  on  the  subject,  within  the  last  few  years, 
resulting  from  the  use  of  the  metroscope,  brings  within  the  ordinary  practice  of  every  physician 
numerous  cases  which  were  formerly  regarded  as  incurable,  and  renders  of  great  value  a  work  like 
the  present  combining  practical  directions  for  diagnosis  and  treatment  with  an  ample  series  of  illus- 
trations, copied  accurately  from  colored  drawings  made  by  the  author,  after  nature. 


BY  THE   SAME  AUTHOR. 

OBSERVATIONS   ON    CERTAIN    OF    THE    DISEASES 

CHILDREN.    In  one  handsome  octavo  volume,  of  214  pages. 


OF    YOUNa 


22 


BLANCHARD    &    LEA'S    MEDICAL 


MACLISE   (JOSEPH),    SURGEON. 
SURGrlGAL  ANATOMY.     Forming   one  volume,   very  large  imperial   quarto. 

With  sixty-eight  large  and  splendid  Plates,  drawn  in  the  best  style  and  beautifully  colored.  Con- 
taining one  hundred  and  ninety  Figures,  many  of  them  the  size  of  life.  Together  with  copious 
and  explanatory  letter-press.  Strongly  and  handsomely  bound  in  extra  cloth,  being  one  of  the 
cheapest  and  best  executed  Surgical  works  as  yet  issued  in  this  country. 

Copies  can  be  sent  by  mail,  in  five  parts,  done  up  in  stout  covers. 

This  great  work  being  now  concluded,  the  publishers  confidently  present  it  to  the  attention  of  the 
profession  as  worthy  in  every  respect  of  their  approbation  and  patronage.  No  complete  work  o( 
the  kind  has  yet  been  published  in  the  English  language,  and  it  therefore  will  supply  a  want  long 
felt  in  this  country  of  an  accurate  and  comprehensive  Atlas  of  Surgical  Anatomy  to  which  the 
student  and  practitioner  can  at  ail  times  refer,  to  ascertain  the  exact  relative  position  of  the  various 
portions  of  the  human  frame  towards  each  other  and  to  the  surface,  as  well  as  their  abnormal  de- 
viations. The  importance  of  such  aw^ork  to  the  student  in  the  absence  of  anatomical  material,  and 
to  the  practitioner  when  about  attempting  an  operation,  is  evident,  while  the  price  of  the  book,  not- 
withstanding the  large  size,  beauty,  and  finish  of  the  very  numerous  illustrations,  is  so  low  as  lo 
place  it  within  the  reach  of  every  member  of  the  profession.  The  publishers  therefore  confidently 
anticipate  a  very  extended  circulation  for  this  magnificent  work. 

of  keeping  up  his  anatomical  knowledge. — Medical 
Times. 
The  mechanical  execution  cannot  be  excelled. — 


One  of  the  greatest  artistic  triumphs  of  the  age 
in  Surgical  Anatomy. — British  American  Medical 
Journal. 

Too  much  cannot  be  said  in  its  praise;  indeed, 
we  have  not  language  to  do  it  Justice. — Ohio  Medi- 
cal and  Surgical  Journal. 

The  most  admirable  surgical  atlas  we  have  seen. 
To  the  practitioner  deprived  of  demonstrative  dis- 
sections upon  the  human  subject,  it  is  an  invaluable 
companion. — N.  J.  Medical  Reporter. 

The  most  accurately  engraved  and  beautifully 
colored  plates  ^ve  have  ever  seen  in  an  American 
book — one  of  the  best  and  cheapest  surgical  works 
ever  published. — Buffalo  Medical  Journal. 

It  is  very  rare  that  so  elegantly  printed,  bo  well 
illustrated,  and  so  useful  a  work,  is  offered  at  so 
moderate  a  price. — Charleston  Medical  Journal. 

Its  plates  can  boast  a  superiority  which  places 
them  almost  beyond  the  reach  of  competition. — Medi- 
cal Exaininer. 

Every  practitioner,  we  think,  should  have  a  work 
of  this  kind  within  reach. — Southern  Medical  and 
Surgical  Journal. 

No  such  lithographic  illustrations  of  surgical  re- 
gions have  hitherto,  we  think,  been  given. — Boston 
Medical  and  Surgical  Journal. 

As  a  surgical  anatomist,  Mr.  Maclise  has  proba- 
bly no  superior. — British  and  Foreign  Medico-Chi- 
rurgical  Review. 

Of  great  value  to  the  student  engaged  in  dissect- 
ing, and  to  the  surgeon  at  a  distance  from  the  means 


Transylvania  Medical  Journal. 

A  work  which  has  no  parallel  in  point  of  accu- 
racy and  cheapness  in  the  English  language. — N.  Y. 
Journal  of  Medicine. 

To  all  engaged  in  the  study  or  practice  of  their 
profession,  such  a  w^ork  is  almost  indispensable. — 
Dublin  Quarterly  Medical  Journal. 

No  practitioner  whose  means  will  admit  should 
fail  to  possess  it. — E.anking's  Abstract. 

Country  practitioners  will  find  these  plates  of  im- 
mense value. — N.  Y.  Medical  Ga,zette. 

We  are  extremely  gratified  to  announce  to  the 
profession  the  completion  of  this  truly  magnificent 
work,  which,  as  a  ^vhole,  certainly  stands  unri- 
valled, both  for  accuracy  of  drawing,  beauty  of 
coloring,  and  all  the  requisite  explanations  of  the 
subject  in  hand. — The  New  Orleans  Medical  and 
Surgical  Journal. 

This  is  by  far  the  ablest  work  on  Surgical  Ana- 
tomy that  has  come  under  our  observation.  We 
know  of  no  other  work  that  would  justify  a  stu- 
dent, in  any  degree,  for  neglect  of  actual  dissec- 
tion. Jn  those  sudden  emergencies  that  so  often 
arise,  and  which  require  the  instantaneous  command 
of  minute  anatomical  know^ledge,  a  work  of  this  kind 
keeps  the  details  of  the  dissecting-room  perpetually 
fresh  in  the  memory  — The  Western  Journal  of  Medi- 
cine and  Surgery. 

The  very  low  price  at  which  this  work  is  furnished,  and  the  beauty  of  its  execution, 
require  an  extended  sale  to  compensate  the  publishers  for  the  heavy  expenses  incui-red. 


MULLER  (PROFESSOR  J.),   M.  D. 
PKINCIPLES  OF  PHYSICS   AND  METEOROLOGY.     Edited,  with  Addi- 

tions,  by  E,.  Eglesfeld  Griffith,  M.  D.     In  one  large  and  handsome  octavo  volume,  extra 
cloth,  with  550  wood-cuts,  and  two  colored  plates,    pp.  636. 

The  Physics  of  MQller  isa^vork  superb,  complete,  |  tion  to  the  scientific  records  of  this  country  may  be 
unique  :  the  greatest  want  kno\vn  lo  English  Science  |  duly  estimated  by  tlie  fact  that  the  cost  of  the  oriei- 
could  not  have  been  better  supplied.  The  work  is  ]  nal  drawings  and  engravings  alone  has  exceeded  the 
of  surpassing  interest.    The  value  of  this  contribu-  |  sum  of  £2,U00. — Lancet. 


MAYNE  (JOHN),   M.  D,,  M.  R.  C.  S. 

A  DISPENSATORY  AND  THERAPEUTICAL  REMEMBRANCER.   Com- 

prising  the  entire  lists  of  Materia  Mediea,  with  every  Practical  Formula  contained  ui  the  three 
British  Pharmacopoeias.  With  relative  Tables  subjoined,  illustrating,  by  upwards  of  six  hundred 
and  sixty  examples,  the  Extemporaneous  Forms  and  Combinations  suitable  for  the  different 
Medicines.  Edited,  with  the  addition  of  the  Formulffi  of  the  United  States  Pharmacopneia,  by 
R.  Eglesfeld  Griffith,  M.  D.    In  one  12mo.  volume,  extra  cloth,  of  over  300  large  pages. 


MATTEUCCI  (CARLO). 
LECTURES  ON  THE  PHYSICAL  PHENOMENA  OF  LIVING  BEINGS. 

Edited  by  J.  Peeeiea,  M.  D.    In  one  neat  royal  12mo.  volume,  extra  cloth,  with  cuts,  388  pages. 


AND    SCIENTIFIC    PUBLICATIONS. 


23 


MILLER  (JAMES),   F.  R.  S.  E., 

Professor  of  Surgery  in  the  University  of  Edinburgh,  &c. 

PRINCIPLES  OF  SURGERY.     A  new  American,  from  the  third  and  revised 

Edinburgh  edition.    In  one  large  and  very  beautiful  volume,  of  about  seven  hundred  pages,  with 

two  hundred  and  forty  exquisite  illustrations  on  wood.     (Now  Ready.) 

This  edition  is  far  superior,  both  in  the  abundjince 
and  quality  of  its  material,  to  any  of  the  preceding. 
We  hope  it  will  be  extensively  read,  and  the  sound 
principles  which  are  herein  taught  treasured  uji  for 
future  applioiition.      The   work    takes    rank   with 


Watson's  Practice  of  Physio;  it  certainly  does  not 
fall  behind  that  great  work  in  soundness  of  princi- 
ple or  depth  of  reasoning  and  research.  No  physi- 
cian who  values  his  reputation,  or  seeks  the  interests 
of  his  clients,  can  acquit  himself  before  his  God  and 
the  world  without  making  himself  familiar  with  the 
sound  and  philosophical  views  developed  in  the  fore- 
going book. — New  Orleans  Med.  and  Surg .  J ournal . 

Without  doubt  the  ablest  exposition  of  the  prin- 
ciples of  that  branch  of  the  healing  art  in  any  lan- 


guage. This  opinion,  deliberately  formed  after  a 
careful  study  of  the  first  edition,  we  have  had  no 
cause  to  change  on  examining  the  second.  This 
edition  has  undergone  thorough  revision  by  the  au- 
thor; many  expressions  have  been  moditied,  and  a 
mass  of  new  matter  introduced.  The  book  is  got  up 
in  the  finest  style,  and  is  an  evidence  of  the  progress 
of  typography  in  our  country.— CAaWesion  Medical 
Journal  and  Review. 

We  recommend  it  to  both  student  and  practitioner, 
feeling  assured  that  as  it  now  comes  to  us,  it  pre- 
sents the  most  satisfactory  exposition  of  tlie  modern 
doctrines  of  the  principles  of  surgery  to  be  found  in 
any  volume  in  any  language. — N.  Y.  Journal  of 
Medicine. 


BY  THE  SAME  AUTHOR.     {Late/]/  Published.) 

THE  PRACTICE  OF   SURGERY.     Third  American  from  the  second  Edin- 

burgh  edition.  Edited,  with  Additions,  by  F.  W.  Sargent,  M.  D  ,  one  of  the  Surgeons  to  Will's 
Hospital,  &c,  Illustrated  by  three  hundred  and  nineteen  engravings  on  wood.  In  one  large 
octavo  volume,  of  over  ^even  hundred  pages. 


No  encomium  of  ours  could  add  to  the  popuhirity 
of  Miller's  Surgery.  Its  reputation  in  this  country 
is  unsurpassed  by  that  of  any  other  w<n-k,  and,  when 
taken  in  connection  with  the  author's  Principles  of 
Surgery,  constitutes  a  whole,  without  reference  to 
which  no  conscientious  surgeon  would  be  willing 
to  practice  his  art.  The  additions,  by  Dr.  Sargent, 
have  materially  enhanced  the  value  of  the  work. — 
Southern  Medical  and  Surgical  Journal. 

It  is  seldom  that  two  volumes  have  ever  made  so 
profound  an  impression  in  so  short  a  time  as  the 
"Principles"  and  the  "  Piaftice"  of  Surgery  by 
Mr.  Miller — or  so  richly  merited  the  reputation  they 
have  acquired.  The  author  is  an  eminently  sensi- 
ble, practical,  and  well-informed  man,  who  kno^vs 
exactly  what  he  is  talking  about  and  exactly  how  to 
talk  it. — Kentucky  Medical  Recorder. 

The  two  volumes  together  form  a  complete  expose 
of  the  present  state  of  Surgery,  and  they  ought  to  be 
on  the  shelves  of  every  surgeon. — JV.  /.  Med.  Re- 
porter. 


By  the  almost  unanimous  voice  of  the  profession, 
his  works,  both  on  the  principles  and  practice  of 
surgery  have  been  assigned  the  highest  rank.  If  we 
were  limited  to  but  one  work  on  surgery,  that  one 
should  be  Miller's,  as  we  regard  it  as  superior  to  all 
others. — St.  Louis  Med.  and  Surg.  Journal. 

The  author  distinguished  alike  as  a  practitioner 
and  writer,  has  in  this  and  his  "  Principles,''  pre- 
sented to  the  profession  oneof  the  most  complete  and 
reliable  systems  of  Surgery  extant.  His  style  of 
writing  is  original,  impressive,  and  engaging,  ener- 
getic, concise,  and  lucid.  Few  have  the  faculty  of 
condensing  so  much  in  small  space,  and  at  the  same 
time  so  persistently  holding  the  attention;  indeed, 
he  appears  to  make  the  very  process  of  condensation 
a  means  of  eliminating  attractions.  Whether  as  a 
text-book  for  students  or  a  book  of  reference  for 
practitioners,  it  cannot  be  too  strongly  recommend- 
ed.— Southern  Journal  of  the  Medical  and  Physical 
Sciences. 


MALGAIGNE  (J.  F.). 
OPERATIVE  SURGERY,  based  on  Normal  and  Pathological  Anatomy.     Trans- 
lated from  the  French,  by  Frederick  Brittan,  A.  B.,  M.  D.    With  numerous  illustrations  on 
wood.     In  one  handsome  octavo  volume,  of  nearly  six  hundred  pages. 


MOHR  (FRANCIS)    PH.  D.,  AND  REDWOOD  (TH  EOPH  I  LUS). 
PRACTICAL    PHARMACY.     Comprising  the  Arrangements,  Apparatus,  and 

Manipulations  of  the  Pharmaceutical  Shop  and  Laboratory.  Edited,  with  extensive  Additions, 
by  Prof.  William  Procter,  of  the  Philadelphia  College  of  Pharmacy.  In  one  handsomely 
printed  octavo  volume,  of  570  pages,  with  over  500  engravings  on  wood. 

NEILL   (JOHN),    M.  D., 

Professor  of  Surgery  in  the  Pennsylvania  Medical  College,  &c. 

OUTLINES  OF  THE  ARTERIES.     With  short  Descriptions.     Designed   for 

the  Use  of  Medical  Students.  With  handsome  colored  plates.  Second  and  improved  edition. 
In  one  octavo  volume,  extra  cloth. 

OUTLINES  OP  THE  NERVES.     With  short  Descriptions.     Designed  for  the 

Use  of  Medical  Students.  With  handsome  plates.  Second  and  improved  edition.  In  one  octavo 
volume,  extra  cloth. 

OUTLINES  OF  THE  VEINS  AND  LYMPHATICS.  With  short  Descrip- 
tions. Designed  for  the  Use  of  Medical  Students.  With  handsome  colored  plates.  In  one  octavo 
volume,  extra  cloth. 

ALSO — The  three  works  done  up  in  one  handsome  volume,  half  bound,  with  numerous  plates,  pre- 
senting a  complete  view  of  the  Circulatory,  Nervous,  and  Lymphatic  Systems. 


This  book  should  be  in  the  hand  of  every  medical 
student.  It  is  cheap,  portable,  and  precisely  the 
thing  needed  in  studying  an  important,  though  diifi- 
cult  part  of  Anatomy.  —  Boston  Med.  and  Surg. 
Journal. 

We  recommend  every  student  of  medicine  to  pur- 
chase a  ctipy  of  this  work,  as  a  labor-saving  ma- 
chine, admirably  adapted  to  refresh  the  memory, 
with  knowledge  gained  by  lectures,  dissections, 


and  the  reading  of  larger  works. — JV.  Y.  Journal  of 
Medicine. 

This  work  is  from  the  pen  of  a  Philadelphia  ana- 
tomist, whose  familiar  knowledge  of  the  subject  has 
been  aided  by  the  press,  tlie  result  of  which  is  a  vo- 
lume of  great  beauty  and  excellence.  Its  fine  exe- 
cution commends  it  to  the  student  of  Anatomy.  It 
requires  no  other  recoinmendationa. —  Western  Journ, 
of  Medicine  and  Surgery. 


24  BLANCHARD    &   LEA'S   MEDICAL 

NEILL  (JOHN),   M.  D., 

Sargjeon  to  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital,  &c.;  and 

f'rancis  gurney  smith,  m.  d., 

Professor  of  Institutes  of  Medicine  in  the  Pennsj'lvania  Medical  College. 

AN  ANALYTICAL  COMPENDIUM  OF  THE  YARIOUS  BRANCHES 

OF  MEDICAL  SCIENCE  ;  for  the  Use  and  Examination  of  Students.     A  new  edition,  revised 
and  improved.     In  one  very  large  and  handsomely  printed  royal  12mo.  volume,  of  about  one 
thotisand  pages,  with  three  hundred  and  *eventy-four  illustrations  on  wood.     Strongly  bound  in 
.    leather,  with  raised  bands.     {Nojo  Ready.) 

The  speedy  sale  of  a  large  impression  of  this  work  has  afforded  to  the  authors  gratifying  evidence 
of  the  correctness  of  the  views  which  actuated  them  in  its  preparation.  In  meeting  the  demand 
for  a  second  edition,  they  have  therefore  been  desirous  to  render  it  more  worthy  of  the  favor  with 
which  it  has  been  received.  To  accomplish  this,  they  have  spared  neither  time  nor  labor  in  embo- 
dying in  it  such  discoveries  and  improvements  as  have  been  made  since  its  first  appearance,  and 
such  alterations  as  have  been  suggested  by  its  practical  use  in  the  class  and  examination-room. 
Considerable  modifications  have  thus  been  introduced  throughout  all  the  departments  treated  of  in 
the  volume,  but  more  especially  in  the  portion  devoted  to  the  "Practice  of  Medicine,"  which  has 
been  entirely  rearranged  and  rewritten. 

Notwithstanding  the  enlarged  size  and  improved  execution  of  this  work,  the  price  has  not  been 
increased,  and  it  is  confidently  presented  as  one  of  the  cheapest  volumes  now  before  the  profession. 


In  the  rapid  course  of  lectures,  where  work  for 
the  students  *is  heavy,  and  review  necessary  for  an 
examination,  a  corapend  is  not  only  valuable,  but 
it  is  almost  a  sine  qua  non.  The  one  before  us  is, 
in  most  of  the  divisions,  the  most  unexceptionable 
of  all  bonks  of  the  kind  that  we  know  of.  The 
newest  and  soundest  doctrines  and  the  latest  im- 
provements and  discoveries  are  explicitly,  though 
concisely,  laid  before  the  student.  Of  course  it  is 
useless  for  us  to  recommend  it  to  all  last  course 
students,  but  there  is  a  class  to  whom  we  very 
sincerely  commend  this  cheap  book  as  worth  its 
weight  in  silver  —  that  class  is  the  graduates  in 
medicine  of  more  tlian  ten  years'  standing,  who 
have  not  studied  medicine  since.  They  vtfill perhaps 
find  out  from  it  that  the  science  is  not  exactly  now 
what  it  was  when  they  left  it  off. — Tke  Stethoscope. 


Having  made  free  use  of  this  volume  in  our  ex- 
aminations of  pupils,  we  can  speak  from  experi- 
ence in  recommending  it  as  an  admirable  compend 
for  students,  and  as  especially  useful  to  preceptors 
who  examine  their  pupils.  It  will  save  the  teacher 
much  labor  by  enabling  him  readily  to  recall  all  of 
the  points  upon  which  his  pupils  should  be  ex- 
amined. A  work  of  this  sort  should  be  in  the  hands 
of  every  one  who  takes  pupils  into  his  office  with  a 
view  of  examining  them;  and  this  is  unquestionably 
the  best  of  its  class.  Let  every  practitioner  who  has 
pupils  provide  himself  with  it,  and  he  will  find  the 
labor  of  refreshing  his  knowledge  so  much  facilitated 
that  he  will  be  able  to  do  justice  to  his  pupils  at  very 
little  cost  of  time  or  trouble  to  himself. — Transyl- 
vania Med.  Journal. 


NELIGAN  (J.    MOORE),  M.  D.,  M.  R.  I.  A.,  &.c. 
A   PRACTICAL   TREATISE    ON   DISEASES    OF   THE    SKIN.     In  on« 

neat  royal  12mo.  volume,  of  334  pages. 

BY  THE  SAME  AUTHOR.     {Just  Ready.) 

ATLAS  OF  CUTANEOUS  DISEASES.     In  one  beautiful  quarto  volume,  with 

splendid  colored  plates,  presenting  nearly  one  hundred  elaborate  representations  of  disease. 

This  beautiful  volume  is  intended  to  accompany  the  author's  "  Treatise  on  Diseases  of  the  Skin," 
so  favorably  received  by  the  profession  some  years  since.  In  the  description  of  the  plates,  reference 
is  made  to  the  chapter  and  page  of  the  "  Treatise,"  so  that  together  the  two  constitute,  at  a  much 
smaller  cost  than  has  been  hitherto  attempted,  a  complete  work  of  reference  for  the  Diagnosis  and 
Treatment  of  this  difficult  class  of  diseases,  which,  more  than  any  other,  perhaps,  require  this  mode 
of  pictorial  elucidation. 

Dr.  Neligan  deserves  our  best  thanks  for  this  1  ence  to  the  chapter  of  that  work  where  the  disease 
attempt  to  supply  a  want  which  has  been  long  felt.  |  receives  special  mention.  Great  care  has  evidently 
For  a  small  sum  he  here  presents  us  with  an  Atlas  \  been  taken  to  procure  proper  subjects  for  the  artist 
containing  some  ninety  plates  of  the  more  com-  j  and  the  daguerreotype,  which  has  been  employed  in 
mon  and  rarer  forms  of  affections  of  the  skin,  and  ]  several  of  the  plates,  "  to  secure  correctness  in  the 
for  the  benefit  of  those  who  possess  his  useful  design." — Edinburgh,  Medical  Journal,  September, 
Manual,  he  supplies  with  each  illustration  a  refer-  j  1S55. 


OWEN  (PROF.    R.), 

Author  of"  Lectures  on  Comparative  Anatomy,"  "  Archetype  of  the  Skeleton,"  &c. 

ON  THE  DIFFERENT  FORMS  OF  THE  SKELETON,  AND  OF  THE 

TEETH.     One  vol.  royal  12mo.,  with  numerous  illustrations.     {Just  Isstied.) 

PANCOAST  (JJ,  M.  D., 

Professor  of  Anatomy  in  the  Jefferson  Medical  College,  Philadelphia,  &c. 

OPERATIVE  SURGERY;  or,  A  Description  and  Demonstration  of  the  various 

Processes  of  the  Art;  including  all  the  New  Operations,  and  exhibiting  the  State  of  Surgical 
Science  in  its  present  advanced  condition.  Complete  in  one  royal  4lo.  volume,  of  3S0  pages  ol 
letter-press  description  and  eighty  large  4to.  plates,  comprising  486  illustrations.  Second  edition, 
improved. 


This  excellent  work  is  constructed  on  the  model 
of  the  French  Surgical  Works  by  Velpeau  and  Mal- 
gaigaej  and,  bo  far  as  the  English  language  is  con- 


cerned, we  are  proud  as  an  American  to  say  that, 
OF  ITS  KIND  IT  HAS  NO  SUPERIOR. — iV.  Y.  Journal  of 
Medicine. 


PARKER   (LANGSTON), 

Surgeon  to  the  Queen's  Hospital,  Birmingham. 

THE  MODERN  TREATMENT  OF  SYPHILITIC  DISEASES,  BOTH  PRI- 
MARY AND  SECONDARY;  comprisingtheTreatmentof  Constitutional  and  Confirmed  Syphi- 
lis, by  a  safe  and  successful  method.  With  numerous  Cases,  Formulae,  and  Clinical  Observa- 
tions. From  the  Third  and  entirely  rewritten  London  edition.  In  one  neat  octavo  volume, 
of  316  pages.     (Just  Issued.) 


AND   SCIENTIFIC    PUBLICATIONS. 


25 


(Now  Complete.) 

PEREIRA  (JONATHAN),  M.  D.,  F.  R.  S.,  AND  L.  S. 

THE    ELEMENTS    OP   MATERIA    MEDICA    AND    THERAPEUTICS. 

Third  American  edition,  enlarged  and  improved  by  the  author;  including  Notices  of  most  of  the 
Medicinal  Substances  in  use  in  the  civilized  world,  and  forming  an  Encyclopfedia  of  Materia 
Medica.  Edited,  with  Additions,  by  Joseph  Carson,  M.  D.,  Professor  of  Materia  Mediea  and 
Pharmacy  in  the  University  of  Pennsylvania.  In  two  very  large  octavo  volumes  of  2100  pages, 
on  small  type,  with  over  four  hundred  and  fifty  illustrations. 
Volume  I. — Lately  issued,  containing  the  Inorganic  Materia  Medica,  over  800  pages,  with  145 

illustrations. 
Volume  II. — Now  ready,  embraces  the  Organic  Materia  Mediea,  and  forms  a  very  large  octavo 
volume  of  1250  pages,  with  two  plates  and  three  hundred  handsome  wood-cuts. 
The  present  edition  of  this  valuable  and  standard  work  will  enhance  in  every  respect  its  well- 
deserved  reputation.  The  care  bestowed  upon  its  revision  by  the  author  may  be  estimated  by  the 
fact  that  its  size  has  been  increased  by  about  five  hundred  pages.  These  additions  have  extended 
to  every  portion  of  the  work,  and  embrace  not  only  the  materials  afforded  by  the  recent  editions  of 
the  pharmacopoeias,  but  also  all  the  important  information  accessible  to  the  care  and  industry  of 
tiie  author  in  treatises,  essays,  memoirs,  monographs,  and  from  correspondents  in  various  parts  of 
the  globe.  In  this  manner  the  work  comprises  the  most  recent  and  reliable  information  respecting 
all  the  articles  of  the  Materia  Medica,  their  natural  and  commercial  history,  chemical  and  thera- 
peutical properties,  preparation,  uses,  doses,  and  modes  of  administration,  brought  up  to  the  present 
time,  with  a  completeness  not  to  be  met  with  elsewhere.  A  considerable  portion  of  the  work 
■v^'hich  preceded  the  remainder  in  London,  has  also  enjoyed  the  advantage  of  a  further  revision  by 
the  author  expressly'  for  this  country,  and  in  addition  to  this  the  editor.  Professor  Carson,  has  made 
whatever  additions  appeared  desirable  to  adapt  it  thoroughly  to  the  U.  S.  Pharmacoposia,  and  to 
the  wants  of  the  American  profession.  An  equal  improvement  will  likewise  be  observable  in  every 
department  of  its  mechanical  execution.  It  is  printed  from  new  type,  on  good  white  paper,  with  a 
greatly  extended  and  improved  series  of  illustrations. 

Gentlemen  who  have  the  first  volume  are  recommended  to  complete  their  copies  without  delay. 
The  first  volume  will  no  longer  be  sold  separate. 


AVhen  we  remember  that  Philology,  Natural  His- 
tory, Botany,  Chemistry,  Physics,  and  the  Micro- 
scope, are  all  brought  forward  to  elucidate  the  sub- 
ject, one  cannot  fail  to  see  that  the  reader  has  here 
a  work  ^vorthy  of  the  name  of  an  encyclopedia  of 
Materia  Medica.  Our  own  opinion  of  its  merits  is 
that  of  its  editors,  and  also  that  of  the  whole  profes- 
sion, both  of  this  and  foreign  countries— namely, 
"  that  in  copiousness  of  details,  in  extent,  variety, 
and  accuracy  of  information,  and  in  lucid  explana- 
tion of  difficult  and  recondite  subjects,  it  surpasses 
all  other  works  on  Materia  Medica  hitherto  pub- 
lished." We  cannot  close  this  notice  without  allud- 
ing to  the  special  additions  of  the  American  editor, 
which  pertain  to  the  prominent  vegetable  produc- 
tions of  this  country,  and  to  the  directions  of  the 
United  Stales  Pharmacopoeia,  in  connection  with  all 
tiie  articles  contained  in  the  volume  which  are  re- 
ferred to  by  it.  The  illustrations  have  been  increased, 
and  this  edition  by  Dr.  Carson  cannot  well  be  re- 
garded in  any  other  light  than  that  of  a  treasure 
which  sliould  be  found  in  the  library  of  every  physi- 
cian.— Neic  York  Journal  of  Medical  and  Collateral 
Science,  March,  1854. 

The  third  edition  of  his  "Elements  of  Materia 


Medica,  although  completed  under  the  supervision  of 
others,  is  by  far  the  most  elaborate  treatise  in  the 
English  language,  and  will,  while  medical  literature 
is  cherished,  continue  a  monument  alike  honorable 
to  his  genius,  as  to  his  learning  and  industry. — 
American  Journal  of  Pharmacy,  March,  1854. 

The  work,  in  its  present  shape,  and  so  far  as  can 
be  judged  from  the  portion  before  the  public,  forms 
the  most  comprehensive  and  complete  treatise  on 
materia  medica  extant  in  the  English  language. — 
Dr.  Pereira  has  been  at  great  pains  to  introduce 
into  his  work,  not  only  all  the  information  on  the 
natural,  chemical,  and  commercial  history  of  medi- 
cines, which  might  be  serviceable  to  the  physician 
and  surgeon,  but  whatever  might  enable  his  read- 
ers to  understand  thoroughly  the  mode  of  prepar- 
ing and  manufacturing  various  articles  employed' 
either  for  preparing  medicines,  or  for  certain  pur- 
poses in  the  arts  connected  with  materia  medica 
and  the  practice  of  medicine.  The  accounts  of  the 
physiological  and  therapeutic  effects  of  remedies  are 
given  with  great  clearness  and  accuracy,  and  in  a 
manner  calculated  to  interest  as  well  as  instruct 
the  reader. — The  Edinburgh  Medical  and  Surgical 
Journal. 


PEASLEE  (E.  R.),   M.  D., 
Professor  of  Anatomy  and  Physiology  in  Dartmouth  College,  &c. 

HUMAN  HISTOLOG-Y,  in  its  applications  to  Physiology  and  G-eneral  Pathology; 

designed  as  a  Text-Book  for  Medical  Students.    With  numerous  illustrations.     In  one  fiandsome 
royal  12mo.  volume.     (Preparing.) 

The  subject  of  this  work  is  one,  the  growing  importance  of  which,  as  the  basis  of  Anatomy  and 
Physiology,  demands  for  it  a  separate  volume.  The  book  will  therefore  supply  an  acknowledged 
deficiency  in  medical  text-books,  while  the  name  of  the  author,  and  his  experience  as  a  teacher  for 
the  last  thirteen  years,  is  a  guarantee  that  it  will  be  thoroughly  adapted  to  the  use  of  the  student. 

PIRRIE  (WILLIAM),  F.  R.  S.  E., 

Professor  of  Surgery  in  the  University  of  Aberdeen. 

THE    PRINCIPLES  AND  PRACTICE  OF  SURGERY.    Edited  by  John 

Neill,  M.  D.,  Professor  of  Surgery  in  the  Penna.  Medical  College,  Surgeon  to  the  Pennsylvania 
Hospital,  &c.     In  one  very  handsome  octavo  volume,  of  780  pages,  with  316  illustration.^. 
We  know  of  no  other  surgical  work  of  a  reason- 
able size,  wherein  there  is  so  much  theory  and  prac- 
tice, or  where  subjects  are  more  soundly  or  clearly 
taught. — The  Stethoscope. 


There  is  scarcely  a  disease  of  the  bone  or  soft 
■parts,  fracture,  or  dislocation,  that  is  not  illustrated 
by  accurate  wood-engravings.  Then,  again,  every 
instrument  emploj'ed  by  the  surgeon  is  thus  repre- 
sented. These  engravings  are  not  only  correct,  but 
really  beautiful,  showing  the  astonishing  degree  of 
perfection  to  which  the  art  of  wood-engraving  has 


arrived.  Prof.  Pirrie,  in  the  work  before  us,  has 
elaborately  discussed  the  principles  of  surgery,  and 
a  safe  and  effectual  practice  predicated  upon  them. 
Perhaps  no  work  upon  this  subject  heretofore  issued 

is  so  full  upon  the  science  of  the  art  of  surgery. 

Nashville  Journal  of  Medicine  and  Surgery. 

One  of  the  best  treatises  on  surgery  in  the  English 
language. — Canada  Med.  Journal. 

Our  impression  is,  that,  as  a  manual  for  students, 
Pirrie's  is  the  best  work  extant. — Western  Med.  ani 
Surg.  Jovrnai. 


26  BLANCHARD    &    LEA'S    MEDICAL 

PARRISH    (EDWARD), 

Lecturer  on  Practical  Pharmacy  and  Materia  Medica  in  the  Pennsylvania  Academy  of  Medicine,  &c. 

A  PRACTICAL  INTRODUCTION   TO  PHARMACY.     Designed  as  a  Text- 

Book  for  the  Student,  and  as  a  Guide  to  the  Physician  and  Pharmaceutist.  With  numerous 
Formulae  and  over  200  Illustrations.  la  one  hand^^ome  octavo  volume.  {Now  Ready.) 
The  vs^ant  of  an  elementary  textbook  on  this  subject  has  long  been  felt  and  acknowledged 
While  vast  stores  of  information  on  all  the  collateral  branches  of  pharmacy  are  contained  in  such 
works  as  Mohr  and  FLcdwood,  the  U.  S.  Dispensatory,  the  Pharmacopceia,  Pereira,  and  others, 
there  has  been  no  compendious  manual  presenting  within  a  moderate  compass,  and  in  systematic 
order,  the  innumerable  minor  details  which  make  up  the  everyday  business  of  thore  who  dispense 
medicines.  It  has  been  the  object  of  the  author  to  supply  this  want,  and  while  to  the  pharmaceutist 
such  a  work  is  manifestly  indispensable,  its  utility  will  hardly  be  less  to  the  country  practitioner, 
residing  at  a  distance  from  drug  stores,  and  obliged  to  dispense  the  remedies  which  he  prescribes. 
Familiarized  with  the  elements  of  therapeutics  and  the  essentials  of  materia  medica,  by  his  at- 
tendance at  lectures,  he  has  hitherto  been  obliged  to  learn  for  himself  the  details  of  prescribing, 
compounding,  and  preparing  medicines.  The  volume  commences  with  a  chapter  on  the  "outfit" 
of  the  country  phj'^sician,  describing  the  different  articles,  their  various  kinds  and  comparative  ad- 
vantages ;  the  Pharmacopoeia  is  described,  explained,  and  commented  upon,  its  contents  classified 
and  arranged  so  as  to  be  easily  comprehended  and  referred  to;  all  the  operations  of  pharmacy  as-e 
given  in  minute  detail,  and  under  each  head  the  various  preparations  are  specified  to  which  it  is 
applicable,  with  directions  for  making  them,  giving  in  this  manner  a  comprehensive  and  practical 
view  of  the  materia  medica,  with  much  valuable  information  regarding  all  the  more  important  ar- 
ticles. All  the  officinal  formulfe  are  thus  presented,  with  directions  for  their  preparation  and  use, 
together  with  many  empirical  ones  of  interest,  and  numerous  new  ones  derived  from  the  practice 
of  distinguished  physicians.  Especial  attention  has  been  bestowed  on  the  new  remedies,  the 
more  important  of  which  are  minutely  described,  particularly  those  derived  from  our  indigenous 
plants,  which  have  of  late  attracted  so  much  attention,  and  which  the  author  has  thoroughly 
investigated.  The  chapters  on  extemporaneous  pharmacy  contain  clear  and  accurate  instructions 
for  writing  prescriptions,  selecting,  combining,  dispensing,  and  compounding  medicines,  making 
powders,  pills,  mixtures,  ointments,  6z;c.  &c.,  vsnth  formulae;  and  the  work  concludes  with  an  ap- 
pendix of  valuable  hints  and  advice  to  those  purchasing  articles  connected  with  their  profession. 
Numerous  tables  interspersed  throughout  elucidite  the  various  subjects,  which  are  rendered  still 
clearer  by  a  large  number  of  engravings.  Care  has  been  taken  in  all  instances  to  indicate  and 
describe  the  simplest  apparatus  and  procedures  affording  satisfactory  results.  The  long  experience 
of  the  author,  both  as  a  teacher  of  pharmacy,  and  as  a  practical  pharmaceutist,  is  sufficient  guarantee 
of  his  familiarity  with  the  wants  and  necessities  of  the  student,  and  of  his  ability  to  satisfy  them. 


ROKITANSKY   (CARL),    M.D., 

Curator  of  the  Imperial  Pathological  Museum,  and  Professor  at  the  University  of  Vienna,  &c. 

A    MANUAL    OF    PATHOLOaiCAL    ANATOMY.     Four  volumes   octavo, 

bound  in  two.     {Now  B-eady.) 
YqI,  I. — Manual  of  General  Pathological  Anatomy.     Translated  by  W.  E.  Swaine. 
Vol  II. — Pathological  Anatomy  of  the  Abdominal  Viscera.     Translated  by  Edward  Sieveking, 

M.  D. 
Vol.  III. — Pathological  Anatomy  of  the  Bones,  Cartilages,  Muscles,  and  Skin,  Cellular  and  Fibrous 

Tissue,  Serous  and  Mucous  Membrane,  and  Nervous  System.     Translated  by  C.  H.  Moore. 
Vol.  IV. — Pathological  Anatomy  of  the  Organs  of  Respiration  and  Circulation.     Translated  by  G. 

E.  Day. 
To  rendar  this  large  and  important  work  more  easy  of  reference,  and  at  the  same  time  less  cum- 
brous and  costly,  the  publishers  have  arranged  the  four  volumes  in  two,  retaining,  however,  the 
separate  paging,  &c. 

The  publishers  feel  much  pleasure  in  presenting  to  the  profession  of  the  United  States  the  great 
work  of  Prof.  Rokitansky,  which  is  universally  referred  to  as  the  standard  of  authority  by  the  pa- 
thologi-^ts  of  all  nations.  Under  the  auspices  of  the  Sydenham  Society  of  London,  the  combined 
labor  of  four  translators  has  at  length  overcome  the  almost  insuperable  difficultiesvvhich  have  so 
long  pievented  the  appearance  of  the  work  in  an  English  dress,  while  the  additions  made  from 
various  papers  and  essays  of  the  author  present  his  views  on  all  the  topics  embraced,  in  their  latest 
published  form  To  a  work  so  widely  known,  eulogy  is  unnecessary,  and  the  publishers  would 
merely  siaie  that  it  contains  the  results  of  not  less  than  thirty  thousand  ^o.vNw2or<ew  examina- 
tions "made  by  the  author,  diligently  compared,  generalized,  and  wrought  into  one  complete  and 
harmonious  system. 

RIGBY  (EDWARD),   M.D., 
Ph^-sician  to  the  General  Lying-in  Hospital,  A;c. 

A   SYSTEM   OF   MIDWIFERY.     With   Notes  and   Additional  Illustrations. 

Second  American  Edition.     One  volume  octavo,  422  pages. 

ROYLE  (J.  FORBES),   M.  D. 
MATERIA  MEDICA  AND  THERAPEUTICS;  including  the  Preparations  of 

the  Pharmacopoeias  of  London,  Edinburgh,  Dublin,  and  of  the  United  States.  With  many  new 
medicines.  Edited  by  Joseph  Carson,  M.  D.,  Professor  of  Materia  Medica  and  Pharmacy  in 
the  University  of  Pennsylvania.  With  ninety-eight  illustrations.  In  one  large  octavo  volume, 
of  about  seven  hundred  pages. 

This  work  is,   indeed,  a  most  valuable  one,  and  I  ductions  on  the  other  extreme,  which  are  neces- 
will  fill  ii|)  an  important  vacancy  that  existed  he-  |  sarily  imperfect  from  their  small   extent. — British 
tween   Dr.    Pereira's    most    learned  and   complete  \  and  Foreign  Medical  Review. 
eystem  of  Materia  Medica,  and   the  class  of  pro-  | 


AND    SCIENTIFIC    PUBLICATIONS, 


27 


RAMSBOTHAM  (FRANCIS   H.),   M.D. 
THE  PRINCIPLES  AND  PRACTICE  OF  OBSTETRIC  MEDICINE  AND 

SURGEIIY',  in  reference  to  the  Process  of  Parturition.    A  new  and  enlarged  edition,  thoroughly 
revised  by  the  Author.     With  Additions  by  W.  V.  Keating,  M.  D.     In  one  large  and  handsome 
imperial  octavo  volume,  of  650  pages,  with  sixty-four  beautiful  Plales,  and  numerous  Wood-cuts 
in  the  text,  containing  in  all  nearly  two  hundred  large  and  beautiful  figures.  {Now  Ready.) 
In  calling  the  attention  of  the  profession  to  the  new  edition  of  this  standard  work,  the  publishers 
would  remark  that  no  efforts  have  been  spared  to  secure  for  it  a  continuance  and  extension  of  the 
remarkable  favor  with  which  it  has  been  received.     The  last  London  issue,  which  was  considera- 
bly enlarged,  has  received  a  further  revision  from  the  author,  especially  for  this  count  rjr.     Its  pas- 
sage through  the  press  here  has  been  supervised  by  Dr.  Keating,  who  has  made  numerous  addi- 
tions with  a  view  of  presenting  more  fully  whatever  was  necessary  to  adapt  it  thoroughly  to 
American  modes  of  practice.     In  its  mechanical  execution,  a  like  superiority  over  former  editions 
will  be  found.     The  plales  have  all  been  re-engraved  in  a  new  and  beautiful  style  ;  many  additional 
illustrations  have  been  introduced,  and  in  ever)^  point  of  typographical  finish  it  will  be  found  one  of 
the  handsomest  issues  of  the  American  press.     In  its  present  improved  and  enlarged  form  the  pub- 
lishers therefore  confidently  ask  for  it  a  place  in  every  medical  library,  as  a  text-book  for  the  student, 
or  a  manual  for  daily  reference  by  the  practitioner. 

FroTTi  Prof.  Hodge,  of  the  Vniversity  of  Pa. 

To  the  American  public,  it  is  most  valuable,  from  its  intrinsic  undoubted  excellence,  and  as  being 
the  best  authorized  exponent  of  Britisli  Midwifery.  Its  circulation  will,  I  trust,  be  extensive  throughout 
our  country. 

The  publishers  have  shown  their  appreciation  of '  cine  and   Surgery  to  our  library,  and  confidently 
the  merits  of  this  work  and  secured  its  success  by  !  recommend  it  to  our  readers,  with   the  assurance 
the  truly  eleg-ant  stj-le  in  ■which  they  have  brought  '  that  it  will  not  disappoint  their  most  sanguine  ex- 
it out,  excelling  themselves  in  its  production,  espe-  ;  peetations. — Western  Lancet. 
cially  in  its  plates.     It  is  dedicated  to  Prof.  Meigs,  i      n  jg  unnecessary  to  say  anything  in  regard  to  the 


to  be  more  highly  recommended  to  studeuts,  and  we  physician's  library  it  is  indispensable,  while  to  the 
eould  wish  to  see  It  in  tne  hands  ofevery  practitioner,  I  student  as  a  text-book,  from  which  to  extract  the 
tor  they  will  find  it  invaluable  for  reference.-Met/.  material  for  laying  the  foundation  of  an  education  on 
uazetle.  obstetrical  science,  it  has  no  superior. — Ohio  Med. 

But  once  in  a  long  time  some  brilliant  genius  rears  '  and  Surg.  Journal. 
his  head  above  the  horizon  of  science,  and  illumi-  I  .,,       , 

nates  and  purifies  every  department  that  he  investi-  j  .  ^^  ^  will  only  add  that  the  student  v/ill  learn  from 
gates  i  and  liis  works  become  types,  by  which  innu-  I  ^^  a"  "^  need  to  know,  and  the  practitioner  will  find 
merable  imitators  model  their  feeble  productions,  ^t,  as  a  book  of  reference,  surpassed  by  none  other.— 
Such  a  genius  we  tind  in  the  younger  Ramsbotham,  i  Stethoscope. 

and  such  a  type  we  find  in  the  work  now  before  us.  !  The  character  and  merits  of  Dr.  Ramsbotham's 
The  binding,  paper,  type,  the  engravings  and  wood-  ■  work  are  so  well  known  and  thoroughly  established, 
cuts  are  all  so  excellent  as  to  make  this  book  one  of  ,  that  comment  is  unnecessary  and  praise  superfluous, 
the  finest  specimens  of  the  art  of  printing  that  have  The  illustrations,  which  are  numerous  and  accurate, 
given  such  a  world-wide  reputation  to  its  enterpri-  ,  are  executed  in  the  highest  style  of  art.  We  cannot 
sing  and  liberal  publishers.  We  welcome  Rams-  i  too  highly  recommend  the  work  to  our  readers. — St. 
botham's  Principles  and  Practice  of  Obstetric  Medi-  1  Louis'^ Med.  and  Surg.  Journal. 


RICORD  (P.),   M.  D., 
Surgeon  to  the  Hopital  du  Midi,  Paris,  &c. 

ILLUSTRATIONS  OF  SYPHILITIC  DISEASE.  Translated  from  the  French, 

by  Thomas  F.  Bettom,  M.  D.  With  the  addition  of  a  History  of  Syphilis,  and  a  complete  Bib- 
liography and  Formulary  of  Remedies,  collated  and  arranged,  by  Paul  B.  Goddard,  M.  D.  With 
fifty  large  quarto  plates,  comprising  one  hundred  and  seventeen  beautifully  colored  illustrations. 
In  one  large  and  handsome  quarto  volume. 

BY  THE  SAME  AUTHOR.     {Lately  Published.) 

A  TREATISE  ON  THE  VENEREAL  DISEASE.     By  John  Hunter,  F.  R.  S. 

With  copious  Additions,  by  Ph.  Pi,icord,  M.  D.  Edited,  with  Notes,  by  Freeman  J.  Bumstead, 
M.  D.     In  one  handsome  octavo  volume,  of  520  pages,  with  plates. 

In  the  notes  to  Hunter,  the  master  substitutes  him- 
self for  his  interpreters,  and  gives  his  original  ihoughls 
to  the  world,  in  a  summary  form  it  is  irue,  but  in  a 
lucid  and  perfectly  intelligible  manner.  In  conclu- 
sion we  can  say  that  this  is  incontesiably  the  best 
treatise  on  syphilis  with  which  we  are  acquainted, 
and,  as  we  do  not  often  employ  the  phrase:  we  may 
be  excused  for  expressing  the  hope  that  it  may  find 
a  place  in  the  library  of  every  physician  — Virginia 
Med.  and  Surg.  Journal. 


Kvery  one  will  recognize  the  attractiveness  and 
value  which  this  work  derives  from  thus  preseniing 
the  opinions  of  these  two  masters  side  by  side.  But, 
it  must  be  admitted,  vphat  has  made  the  fortune  of 
the  book,  is  the  fact  that  it  contains  the  "most  com- 
plete embodiment  of  the  veritable  doctrines  of  the 
Hopital  du  Midi,"  which  has  ever  been  made  public. 
The  doctrinal  ideas  of  M.  Ricord,  ideas  which,  if  not 
universally  adopted,  are  incontesiably  dominant,  have 
heretolore  only  been  i  nterpreled  by  more  or  less  skilful 
secretaries,  sometimes  accredited  and  sometimes  not. 


BY   THE    SAME   AUTHOR. 

LETTERS  ON  SYPHILIS,  addressed  to  the  Chief  Editor  of  the  Union  Mc'dicale. 

With  an  Introduction,  by  Amedee  Latour.     Translated  by  W.  P.  Laltimore,  i\I.  D.     lu  one  neat 
octavo  volume  of  270  pages. 

BY  THE   SAME  AUTHOR. 

A  PRACTICAL  TREATISE  ON  VENEREAL  DISEASES.    With  a  Thera- 

peutieal  Summary  and  Special  Formulary.    Translated  by  Sidney  Doane,  M.  D.   Fourth  edition. 
One  volume,  octavo,  340  pages. 


28 


BLANCHARD   &   LEA'S   MEDICAL 


SMITH    (HENRY    H.), 

Professor  of  Surgery  in  the  University  of  I  eims  -fvania,  &c. 

MINOR  SURGERY;  or,  Hints  on  the  Every-day  Duties  of  the  Surgeon.  Illus- 
trated by  two  hundred  and  forty-seven  illustrations.  Third  and  enlarged  edition.  In  one  hand- 
some royal  12mo.  volume,    pp.  456. 


A  work  such  as  the  present  is  therefore  highly 
useful  to  the  student,  and  ^ve  commend  this  one 
to  their  attention. — American  Journal  of  Medical 
Sciences. 

No  operator,  however  eminent,  need  hesitate  to 
consult  this  unpretending  yet  excellent  book.  Those 
who  are  young  in  the  business  ^vould  find  Dr.  Smith's 
treatise  a  necessary  companion,  after  once  under- 
standing its  true  character. — Boston  Med.  and  Surg. 
Journal. 


And  a  capital  little  book  it  is.  .  .  Minor  Surgery, 
we  repeat,  is  really  Major  Surgery,  and  anything 
which  teaches  it  is  worth  having.  So  we  cordially 
recommend  this  little  book  of  Dr.  Smith's.— Meii.- 
Chir.  Reviero. 

This  beautiful  little  work  has  been  compiled  with 
a  view  to  the  wants  of  the  profession  in  the  matter 
of  bandaging,  &c.,and  well  and  ably  has  the  author 
performed  his  labors.  Well  adapted  to  give  the 
requisite  information  on  the  subjects  of  which  it 
treats. — Medical  Examiner. 

The  directions  are  plain,  and  illustrated  through- 
out with  clear  engravings. — London  Lancet. 

One  of  the  best  works  they  can  consult  on  the 
subject  of  which  it  treats. — Southern  Journal  of 
Medicine  and  Pharmacy.  i 

BY   THE   SAME   AUTHOE,   AND 

HORNER  (WILLIAM  E.),  M.  D., 
Late  Professor  of  Anatomy  in  the  University  of  Pennsylvania. 

AN  ANATOMICAL  ATLAS,  illustrative  of  the  Structure  of  the  Human  Body. 

In  one  volume,  large  imperial  octavo,  with  about  six  hundred  and  fifty  beautiful  figures. 

These  figures  are  well   selected,  and   present  a    late  the  student  upon  the  completion  of  this  Atlas, 


Noyoung  practitioner  should  be  vinthout  this  little 
volume;  and  we  venture  to  assert,  that  it  maybe 
consulted  by  the  senior  members  of  the  profession 
with  more  real  benefit,  than  the  more  voluminous 
works. —  Western  Lancet. 


complete  and  accurate  representation  of  that  won- 
derful fabric,  the  human  body.  The  plan  of  this 
Atlas,  virhich  renders  it  so  peculiarly  convenient 
for  the  student,  and  its  superb  artistical  execution, 
have  been  already  pointed  out.     We  must  congratu- 


as  it  is  the  most  convenient  work  of  the  kind  that 
has  yet  appeared  ;  and  we  must  add,  the  very  beau- 
tiful manner  in  which  it  is  "  got  up"  is  so  creditable 
to  the  country  as  to  be  flattering  to  our  national 
pride. — American  Medical  Journal. 


SARGENT  (F.  W.),   M.  D. 
ON  BANDAGING  AND  OTHER  OPERATIONS  OF  MINOR  SURGERY. 

Second  edition,  enlarged.  One  handsome  royal  12mo.  vol.,  ofnearly  400  pages,  with  182  wood-cuts. 

(Now  Ready.) 

The  very  best  manual  of  Minor  Surgery  -we  have  We  have  careful!}'  examined  this  w^ork,  and  find  it 
seen;  an  American  volume,  w^ith  nearly  four  hundred  well  executed  and  admirably  adapted  to  the  use  of 
pages  of  good  practical  lessons,  illustrated  by  about  the  student.  Besides  the  subjects  usually  embraced 
one  hundred  and  thirty  wood-cuts.  In  these  days  in  works  on  Minor  Surgery,  there  is  a  short  chapter 
of  "trial,"  when  a  doctor's  reputation  hangs  upon  on  bathing,  another  on  anaesthetic  agents,  and  an 
a  clove  hitch,  or  the  roll  of  a  bandage,  it  would  be  appendix  of  formulae.  The  author  has  given  an  ex- 
w^ell,  perhaps,  to  carry  such  a  volume  as  Mr.  Sar-  !  cellent  work  on  this  subject,  and  his  publishers  have 
gent's  always  in  our  coat-pocket,  or,  at  all  events,  i  illustrated  and  printed  it  in  most  beautiful  style. — 
to  listen  attentively  to  his  instructions  at  home. —  Tke  Charleston  Medical  Journal. 
Buffalo  Med.  Journal.  i 

SKEY  (FREDERICK  C),  F.  R.  S.,  &,c. 
OPERATIVE  SURGERY.     In  one  very  handsome  octavo  volume  of  over  650 
pages,  with  about  one  hundred  wood-cuts. 

SHARPEY  (WILLIAM),    M.  D.,    JONES   QUAlN,    M.  D.,   AND 
RICHARD   QUAIN,    F.  R.  S.,  &.c. 

HUMAN  ANATOMY.     Revised,  with  Notes  and  Additions,  by  Joseph  Leidt, 

M.  D.     Complete  in  two  large  octavo  volumes,  of  about  thirteen  hundred  pages.     Beautifully 

illustrated  with  over  five  himdred  engraving.*  on  wood. 

We  have  no  hesitation  in  recommending  this  trea- 
tise on  anatomy  as  the  most  complete  on  that  sub- 
ject in  the  Engli.sh  language;  and  the  only  one, 
perhaps,  in  any  language,  which  brings  the  state 
of  knowledge  forward  to  the  most  recent  disco- 
veries.— The  Edinburgh  Med.  and  Surg.  Journal. 


It  is  indeed  a  work  calculated  to  make  an  era  in 
anatomical  study,  by  placing  before  the  student 
every  department  of  his  science,  with  a  view  to 
the  relative  importance  of  each ;  and  so  skilfully 
have  the  different  parts  been  int«rwoven,  tluit  no 
one  who  makes  this  work  the  basis  of  his  studies, 
will  hereafter  have  any  excuse  for  neglecting  or 
undervaluing  any  important  particulars  connected 
with  the  structure  of  the  human  frame;  and 
whether  the  bias  of  his  mind  lead  him  in  a  more 
especial  manner  to  surgery,  physic,  or  physiology, 
he  will  find  here  a  work  at  once  so  comprehensive 
and  practical  as  to  defend  him  from  exclusiveness 
on  the  one  hand,  and  pedantry  on  the  other. — 
Journal  and  Retrospect  of  the  Medical  Sciences. 


Admirably  calculated  to  fulfil  the  object  for  which 
it  is  intended. — Provincial  Medical  Journal. 

The  most  complete  Treatise  on  Anatomy  in  the 
English  language. — Edinburgh  Medical  Journal. 

There  is  no  work  in  the  English  language  to  b« 
preferred  to  Dr.  Quain's  Elements  of  Anatomy. — 
London  Journal  of  Medicine. 


In  one  volume,  octavo, 


STANLEY  (EDWARD). 
A  TREATISE  ON  DISEASES  OF  THE  BONES. 

extra  cloth,  286  pages. 

SOLLY  (SAMUEL),   F.  R.  S. 
THE    HUMAN    BRAIN;    its  Structure,  Physiology,  and  Diseases.     With  a 

Description  of  the  Typical  Forms  of  the  Brain  in  the  Animal  Kingdom.    From  the  Second  and 
much  enlarged  London  edition.    In  one  octavo  volume  of  500  pages,  with  120  wood-cuts. 


AND    SCIENTIFIC    PUBLICATIONS,         *  29 

STILLE  (ALFRED),   M.  D. 
PRINCIPLES    OF    GENERAL    AND    SPECIAL    THERAPEUTICS.     In 

handsome  octavo.     {JPrejparing.)     

SIMON   (JOHN),  F.  R.  S. 
GENERAL    PATHOLOGY,    as   conducive  to  the   Establishment  of  Rational 

Principles  for  the  Prevention  and  Cure  of  Disease.  A  Course  of  Lectures  delivered  at  St. 
Thomas's  Hospital  durmg  the  summer  Session  of  1850.  In  one  neat  octavo  volume,  of  212 
pages. 

SMITH   (W.    TYLER),   M.D., 

Physician  Accoucheur  to  St.  Mary's  Hospital,  &c. 

ON   PARTURITION,    AND    THE    PRINCIPLES    AND   PRACTICE    OE 

OBSTETRICS.     In  one  large  duodecimo  volume,  of  400  pages. 

BY  THE  SAME  AUTHOR. — (Now  Ready.) 

A  PRACTICAL  TREATISE  ON  THE  PATHOLOGY  AND  TREATMENT 

OF  LEUCORRHCEA.  With  numerous  illustrations.  In  one  very  handsome  octavo  volume  ol 
Etbout  250  pages. 


The  investigation  of  the  pathology  and  treatment 
of  leucorrhcEa  is  a  task  that  may  well  engage  the 
time  and  energies  of  the  most  philosopliical  and 
skilled  physician  ;  and  there  are  few  men  more  capa- 
ble of  conducting  and  deducing  important  observa- 
tions from  sucli  a  study  than  the  author  of  the  pre- 
sent treatise.  Dr.  Tyler  Smith's  previous  researelies 


w^ork  will  be  sufficient  to  prove  its  value,  and  we 
hope  more  than  enough  to  induce  every  practitioner 
to  study  it  for  himself. — The  Lancet. 

The  above  list  contains  simply  the  general  head- 
ings of  the  different  chapters;  to  have  enumerated 
all  the  subjects  discussed,  or  to  have  made  further 
extracts,  would  have  compelled  us  much  to  exceed 


notlessthanhisdevotiontophysioiogyandscientific  ]„„r  Umits.  This,  however,  we  scarcely  regret: 
medicme,  point  him  out  as  one  eminently  calculaled  i,ecause  we  think  a  perusal  of  the  extracts  given 
to  throw  light  on  many  subjects,  which  less  able  :  „,,ii  induce  the  reader  to  examine  the  work  for  him- 
men  might  fail  to  elucidate.  We  consequently  take  ■  g^.i,-  .^^^  ^g  would  advise  all  who  are  anxious  for 
his  work  in  hand  with  high  expectations  and  we  [  (-nrrect  ideas  respecting  these  discharges,  and  their 
have  not  been  m  the  least  disappointed.  The  fore-  :  sources,  to  possess  themselves  of  ii.—Dublhi  Med. 
going   cursory   examination   of  Dr.   Tyler  Smith's  '  pj-^g^. 


SIBSON   (FRANCIS),    M.D., 

Physician  to  St.  Mary's  Hospital. 

MEDICAL  ANATOMY.     Illustrating  the  Form,  Structure,  and  Position  of  the 

Internal  Organs  in  Health  and  Disease.     In  large  imperial  quarto,  with  splendid  colored  plates. 
To  match  "Maclise's  Surgical  Anatomy."     Parti.     (NeaHy  Ready.) 


SCHOEDLER  (FRIEDRICH),   PH.D., 

Professor  of  the  Natural  Sciences  at  Worms,  &c. 

THE   BOOK   OF   NATURE;    an  Elementary  Introduction  to  the  Sciences  of 

Physics,  Astronomy,  Chemistry,  Mineralogy,  Geology^^  Botany,  Zoology,  and  Physiology.  First 
American  edition,  with  a  Glossary  and  other  Additions  and  Improvements;  from  the  second 
English  edition.  Translated  from  the  sixUi  German  edition,  by  Henry  Medlock,  F.  C.  S.,  &c. 
In  one  thick  volume,  small  octavo,  of  about  .'-even  hundred  pages,  with  679  illustrations  on  wood. 
Suitable  for  the  higher  Schools  and  private  students.     (JYbw  Ready.) 


TOMES  (JOHN),    F.  R.  S. 
A  MANUAL  OF  DENTAL  PRAC^IK  E.     Illustrated  by  numerous  engravings 

on  wood.     In  one  handsome  volume.     (^Preparing.) 


TRANSACTIONS  OF   THE   AMERICAN    MEDICAL   ASSOCIATION. 
VOLUME  VIII,  for  1855*  8vo.,  extra  cloth.     {Nearly  Ready.) 

A  few  complete  sets  can  still  be  had,  in  eight  volumes,  price  $38.     Applications  and  remittances 

to  be  made  to  Caspar  Wister,  M.  U.,  Treasurer,  Philadelphia. 
*jf^*  These  volumes  are  published  by  and  sold  for  account  of  the  Association. 


TODD  (R.  B.),   M.  D.,  AND  BOWMAN  (WILLIAM),   F.  R.  S. 
PHYSIOLOGICAL    ANATOMY   Ai  0    PHYSIOLOGY   OF  MAN.     With 

numerous  handsome  wood-cuts.    Parts  I,  II,  ?nd  III,  in  one  octavo  volume,  552  pages.     Part  IV 

will  complete  the  work. 

The  first  portion  of  Part  IV,  with  numerous  original  illustrations,  was  published  in  the  Medical 
News  and  Library  for  1853,  and  the  compleiicn  will  be  issued  immediately  on  its  appearance  in 
London.  Those  who  have  subscribed  since  '  he  appearance  of  the  preceding  portion  of  the  work 
eaa  have  the  three  parts  by  mail,  on  remittam-'^  oi'  $2  50  to  the  publishers. 


TOYNBEE  (JOSEPH),   F.  R.  S., 

Aural  Surgeon  to  ftt.  Mary's  Hospital,  &c. 

A  MANUAL  OF  AURAL  SURGERY;  being  a  complete  Treatise  on  Diseases 

of  the  Ear.     Illustrated  with  numerous  engravings  on  wood,  from  original  drawings.     In  one 
octavo  volume.    {Preparing.) 


30  BLANCHARD   &   LEA'S   MEDICAL 

TANNER   (T.    H.),    M.  D. 

Physician  to  the  Hospital  for  Women,  &e. 

A  MANUAL  OF  CLINICAL  MEDICINE  AND  PHYSICAL  DIAGNOSIS. 

To  which  is  added  Tlie  Code  of  Ethics  of  the  Americaa  Medical  Association.     In  one  neat 

volume,  small  12mo.,  extra  cloth.  {Now  Ready.) 

The  object  of  this  little  work  is  to  furnish  the  practitioner,  in  a  condensed  and  convenient  com- 
pass, and  at  a  trifling  cost,  Avith  a  guide  for  the  daily  exigencies  of  his  practice.  A  large  portion  of 
the  volume  is  occupied  with  details  of  diagnostic  symptoms,  classified  under  the  different  seats  of 
disease.  This,  in  itself,  is  well  worth  the  price  of  the  book,  but  in  addition,  there  will  be  found  an 
immense  amount  of  information,  not  usually  touched  upon  in  the  systematic  works,  or  scattered 
throughout  many  different  volumes — such  as  general  rules  for  conduct,  taking  notes,  clinical  exami- 
nation of  children  and  of  the  insane,  post-mortem  examinations,  medico-legal  examinations,  exami- 
nations for  life  insurance,  instruments  employed  in  diagnosis,  such  as  the  microscope,  tests,  the 
spirometer,  dynamometer,  stelhometer,  stethoscope,  pleximeter,  ophthalmoscope,  speculum,  uterine 
sound,  &c. ;  clirections  for  the  chemical  and  microscopical  examination  of  the  blood,  urine,  sputa, 
&c.  &c. ;  with  many  other  subjects  of  equal  importance  which  hitherto  the  young  practitioner  has 
had  to  learn  in  a  great  measure  from  experience  alone.  Although  necessarily  treated  in  a  condensed 
manner,  the  topics  will  be  found  to  embrace  the  latest  and  most  approved  modes  of  procedure,  while 
the  addition  of  the  admirable  "  Code  of  Ethics"  of  the  American  Medical  Association  renders  it 
complete  as  a  guide  for  the  student  and  as  a  manual  of  daily  reference  for  the  younger  practitioner. 

Those  who  desire  to  use  it  as  a  vade-mecum  for  the  pocket,  can  obtain  copies  neatly  done  up  in 
tlexible  cloth. 

TAYLOR  (ALFRED  S.),  M .  D.,  F.  R.  S., 

Lecturer  on  Medical  Jurisprudence  and  Chemistry  in  Guy's  Hospital. 

MEDICAL  JURISPRUDENCE.     Third  American,  from  the  fourth  and  improved 

English  Edition.    With  Notes  and  References  to  American  Decisions,  by  Edward  Haetshorne, 
M.  D.     In  one  large  octavo  volume,  of  about  seven  hundred  pages.     {Just  Issued.) 
We  know  of  no  work  on  Medical  Jurisprudence  ;  none  could  be  offered  to  the  busy  practitioner  of 
which  contains  in  the  same  space  anything  like  the  [  either  calling,  for  the  purpose  of  casual   or  hasty 
same  amount  of  valuable  matter. — N.  Y,  Journal  of\  reference,  that  would  be  more  likely  to  afford  the  aid 
Medicine  desired.     We  therefore  recommend  it  as  the  best  and 

No  work  upon  the  subject  can  be  put  into  the    safest  manual  for  daily  Ms^.-American  Journal  of 
hands  of  students  either  of  law  or  medicine  which    Medical  bctences. 
will  engage  them  more  closely  or  profitably  ;  and  | 

BY   THE    SAME   AUTHOR. 

ON  POISONS,  IN  RELATION  TO  MEDICAL  JURISPRUDENCE  AND 

MEDICINE.    Edited,  with  Notes  and  Additions,  by  R.  E.  Griffith,  M.  D.   In  one  large  octavo 
volume,  of  6S8  pages. 


The  most  elaborate  work  on  the  subject  that  our 
literature  possesses. — British  and  Foreign  Medico- 
Chirurgical  Review. 


One  of  the  most  practical  and  trustworthy  works 
on  Poisons  in  our  language. — Western  Journal  oj 
Medicine. 


THOMSON  (A.  T.),  M.  D.,  F.  R.  S.,  &c. 
DOMESTIC  MANAGEMENT   OP   THE   SICK  ROOM,  necessary  in  aid  of 
Medical  Treatment  for  the  Cure  of  Diseases.    Edited  by  R.  E.  Griffith,  M.  D.     In  one  large 
royal  r2mo.  volume,  with  wood-cuts,  360  pages 

WATSON    (THOMAS),    M.D.,    &.C. 

LECTURES    ON    THE    PRINCIPLES    AND    PRACTICE    OF   PHYSIC. 

Third  American,  from  the  last  London  edition.  Revised,  with  Additions,  by  D.  Francis  Condie, 
M.D.,  author  of  a  "Treatise  on  the  Diseases  of  Children,"  &c.  In  one  octavo  volume,  of  nearly 
eleven  hundred  large  pages,  strongly  bound  with  raised  bands. 


To  say  that  it  is  the  very  best  work  on  the  sub- 
ject now  extant,  is  but  to  echo  the  sentiment  of  the 
medical  press  throughout  the  country.  —  N.  O. 
Medical  Journal. 

Of  the  text-books  recently  republished  AVatson  is 
very  justly  the  principal  favorite. — Holmes's  Rep. 
to  Nat.  Med.  Assoc. 

By  universal  consent  the  work  ranks  among  the 
very  best  text-books  in  our  language. — Illinois  and 
Indiana  Med.  Journal. 

Reo-firded  on  all  hands  as  one  of  the  very  best,  if 
not  t^e  very  best,  systematic  treatise  on  practical 
medicine  extant.— i;«.  Louis  Med.  Journal. 


Confessedly  one  of  the  very  best  works  on  the 
principles  and  practice  of  physic  in  the  English  or 
any  other  language. — Med.  Examiner . 

Asa  text- book  it  has  no  equal ;  as  a  compendium 
of  pathology  and  practice  no  superior. — Neio  York 
Annalist, 

We  know  of  no  work  better  calculated  for  being; 
placed  in  tlie  hands  of  the  student,  and  for  a  text- 
book; on  every  important  point  the  author  seems 
to  have  posted  up  his  knowledge  to  the  day. — 
Ame.r.  Med.  .Tournal. 

One  of  the  most  practically  useful  books  that 
ever  was  presented  to  the  student.  —  N.  Y.  Med. 
Journal. 


WHAT    TO   OBSERVE 
AT    THE    BEDSIDE    AND    AFTER   DEATH,   IN    MEDICAL    CASES. 

Published  under  the  authority  of  the  London  Society  for  Medical  Observation.     A  new  American, 

from  the  second  and  revised  London  edition.     In  one  very  handsome  volume,  royal  12mo.,  extra 

cloth.     (Now  Ueady.) 

The  demand  which  has  so  rapidly  exhausted  the  fir.st  edition  of  this  little  work,  shows  that  the 
advanta"es  it  otibrs  to  the  profession  have  been  duly  appreciated,  and  has  stimulated  the  authors  to 
render  ifmore  worthy  of  its  reputation.  It  has  tb'erelbre  been  thoroughly  revised,  and  such  im- 
provements (among  which  is  a  section  on  Treatment)  have  been  made  as  further  experience  in 
its  use  has  shown  to  be  desirable. 


To  the  observer  who  prefers  accuracy  to  blunders 
and  precision  to  carelessness,  this  little  book  is  in- 
valuable.— N.  H.  Journal  of  Medicine. 


One  of  the  finest  aids  tea  young  practitioner  wo 
have  ever  &e&a..— Peninsular  Journal  of  Medicine. 


AND    SCIENTIFIC    PUBLICATIONS.  31 

WILSON    (ERASMUS),   M.D.,    F.  R.  S., 

Lecturer  on  Anatomy,  London. 

A  SYSTEM  OF  HUMAN  ANATOMY,  General  and  Special.  Fourth  Ameri- 
can, from  the  last  English  edition.  Edited  by  Paul  B.  Goddard,  A.  M.,  M.  D.  With  two  hun- 
dred and  fifty  illustrations.  Beautifully  printed,  in  one  large  octavo  volume,  of  nearly  six  hun- 
dred pages. 
In  many,  if  not  all  the  Colleges  of  the  Union,  it 

has  become  a  standard  text-book.     This,  of  itself, 

is  sufficiently  expressive  of  its  value.    A  work  very 

desirable   to   the   student;    one,  the    possession   of 

which   will  greatly  facilitate  his  progress  in  the 

study  of  Practical  Anatomy. — New  York  Journal  of 

Medicine. 

Its  author  ranks  with  the  highest  on  Anatomy. — 
Southern  Medical  and  Surgical  Journal. 


It  offers  to  the  student  all  the  assistance  that  can 
be  expected  from  such  a  work. — Medical  Examiner. 

The  most  complete  and  convenient  manual  for  the 
student  we  possess. — American  Journal  of  Medical 
Science. 

In  every  respect,  this  work  as  an  anatomical 
guide  for  the  student  and  practitioner,  merits  our 
%varmestand  most  decided  praise. — London  Medical 
Gazette. 


BY   THE   SAME   AUTHOR. 

THE    DISSECTOR;    or,  Practical  and  Surgical  Anatomy.     Modified   and  Re- 
arranged, by  Paul  Beck  Goddakd,  M.  D.    A  new  edition,  with  Revisions  and  Additions.     In 
one  large  and  handsome  volume,  royal  12mo.,  of  458  pages,  with  115  illustrations. 
In  passing  this  work  again  through  the  press,  the  editor  has  made  such  additions  and  improve- 
ments as  the  advance  of  anatomical  knowledge  has  rendered  necessary  to  maintain  the  work  in  the 
high  reputation  which  it  has  acquired  in  the  schools  of  the  United  States,  as  a  complete  and  faithful 
guide  to  the  student  of  practical  anatomy.    A  number  of  new  illustrations  have  been  added,  espe- 
cially in  the  portion  relating  to  the  complicated  anatomy  of  Hernia.     In  mechanical  execution  the 
work  will  be  found  superior  to  former  editions. 

BY   THE   SAME   AUTHOR. 

ON   DISEASES    OF   THE    SKIN.     Third  American,  from  the  third  London 

edition.     In  one  neat  octavo  volume,  of  about  five  hundred  pages,  extra  cloth.     (Jtist  Issued.) 
Also,  to  be  had  done  up  with  fifteen  beautiful  steel  plates,  of  which  eight  are  exquisitely  colored  ; 

representing  the  Normal  and  Pathological  Anatomy  of  the  Skin,  together  with  accurately  colored 

delineations  of  more  than  sixty  varieties  of  disease,  most  of  them  the  size  of  nature.     The  Plates 

are  also  for  sale  separate,  done  up  in  boards.        • 

The  "Diseases  of  the  Skin,"   by  Mr.  Erasmus     nothing  to  be  desired,  sofaras  excellence  of  delinea- 
Wilson,  may  now  be  regarded  as  the  standard  work     tion  and  perfect  accuracy  of  illustration  are  con- 
in    that  department  of    medical    literature.      The     coTaed.—Medico-Chirurgical  Review. 
plates  by  which  this  edition  is  accompanied  leave 

BY   THE   SAME   AUTHOR. 

ON    CONSTITUTIONAL    AND    HEREDITARY    SYPHILIS,   AND    ON 

SYPHILITIC  ERUPTIONS.     In  one  small  octavo  volume,  beautifully  printed,  with  four  exqui- 
site colored  plates,  presenting  more  than  thirty  varieties  of  syphilitic  eruptions. 

BY  THE  SAME  AUTHOR.     (Now  Ready.) 

HEALTHY  SKIN;  A  Popular  Treatise  on  the  Skin  and  Hair,  their  Preserva- 
tion and  Management.  Second  American,  from  the  fourth  London  edition.  One  neat  volume, 
royal  12mo.,  of  about  300  pages,  with  numerous  illustrations.  ■ 

Copies  can  be  had  done  up  in  paper  covers  for  mailing,  price  75  cents. 

WHITEHEAD  (JAMES),    F.  R.  C.  S.,    &.C. 
THE  CAUSES  AND  TREATMENT  OF  ABORTION  AND   STERILITY; 

being  the  Result  of  an  Extended  Practical  Inquiry  into  the  Physiological  and  Morbid  Conditions 
of  the  Uterus.     Second  American  Edition.     In  one  volume,  octavo,  368  pages.     {Noiv  Readij.) 

the  works  which  must  be  studied  by  those  who 
would  know  what  the  present  state  of  our  knowledge 
is  respecting  the  causes  and  treatment  of  abortion 


Such  are  the  advances  made  from  year  to  year  in 
this  department  of  our  profession,  that  the  practi- 
tioner who  does  not  consult  the  recent  works  on  the 
complaints  of  females,  will  soon  find  himself  in  the 
rear  of  his  more  studious  brethren.     This  is  one  of 


and  sterility. — The  Western  Journal  of  Medicine  o.nd 
Surgery. 


WALSHE   (W.    H.),    M.  D., 

Professor  of  the  Principles  and  Practice  of  Medicine  in  University  College,  London. 

DISEASES    OF    THE    HEART,    LUNaS,    AND    APPENDAGES;    their 

Symptoms  and  Treatment.     In  one  handsome  volume,  large  royal  r2mo.,  512  pages. 
We  consider  this  as  the  ablest  work  in  the  En-  |  the  author  being  the  first  stethoscopist  of  the  day. — 
glish  language,  on  the  subject  of  which  it  treats;  |  Charleston  Medical  Journal. 

WILDE   (W.    R.), 

Surgeon  to  St.  Mark's  Ophthalmic  and  Aural  Hospital,  Dublin. 

AURAL  SURGERY,  AND  THE  NATURE  AND  TREATMENT  OF  DIS- 
EASES OF  THE  EAR.  In  one  handsome  octavo  volume  of  476  pages,  with  illustrations. 
This  work  certainly  contains  more  information  on  laws,  and  amenable  to  the  same  general  methods  of 
the  subject  to  which  it  is  devoted  than  any  other  tiealment  as  oiher  morbid  processes.  The  work  is 
with  which  we  are  acquainted.  We  feel  grateful  to  not  written  to  supply  the  cravings  of  popular  pairo- 
the  author  for  his  manful  effort  to  rescue  this  depart-  nuge,  l)ut  it  is  wholly  addressed  to  the  piofession, 
ment  of  sur"-ery  from  the  hands  of  the  empirics  who  and  bears  on  every  page  the  impress  of  the  reflections 
nearly  monopolize  it.  We  think  he  has  successfully  of  a  sagacious  and  practical  surgeon. —  Va.  Surg,  and 
shown  that  aural  diseases  are  not  beyond  the  re-  Med.  Journal. 
sources  of  artj  that  they  are  governed  by  the  same 


32 


BLANCHARD   &   LEA'S    SCIENTIFIC  PUBLICAT  IONS. 


WEST   (CHARLES),    M.  D., 

Physician  to  the  Hospital  for  Sick  Children,  &c. 

LECTURES   ON   THE   DISEASES    OP  INFANCY  AND   CHILDHOOD. 

Second  American,  from  the  Second  and  Enlarged  London  edition.     In  one  volume,  octavo,  of 
nearly  five  hundred  pages.    {Jtcst  Issued.) 


We  take  leave  of  Dr.  West  with  great  respect  for 
his  attainments,  a  due  appreciation  of  his  acute 
powers  of  observation,  and  a  deep  sense  of  obliga- 
tion for  this  valuable  contribution  to  our  profes- 
sional literature.  His  book  is  undoubtedly  in  many 
respects  the  best  we  possess  on  diseases  of  children. 
The  extracts  we  have  given  will,  we  hope,  satisfy 
our  readers  of  its  value;  and  yet  in  all  candor  ■we 
must  say  that  they  are  even  inferior  to  some  other 
parts,  the  length  of  which  prohibited  our  entering 
upon  them.  That  the  book  will  shortly  be  in  the 
hands  of  most  of  our  readers  we  do  not  doubt,  and  it 
will  give  us  much  pleasure  if  our  strong  recommend- 
ation of  it  may  contribute  towards  the  result. — The 
Dublin  Quarterly  Journal  of  Medical  Science. 

Dr.  West  has  placed  the  profession  under  deep  ob- 
ligation by  this  able,  thorough,  and  finished  work 


upon  a  subject  which  almost  daily  taxes  to  the  ut- 
most the  skill  of  the  general  practitioner.  He  has 
with  singular  felicity  threaded  his  way  through  all 
the  tortuous  labyrinths  of  the  difficult  subject  he  has 
undertaken  to  elucidate,  and  has  in  many  of  the 
darkest  corners  left  a  light,  for  the  benefit  of  suc- 
ceeding travellers,  which  will  never  be  extinguished. 
Not  the  least  captivating  feature  in  this  admirable 
performance  is  its  easy,  conversational  style,  which 
acquires  force  from  its  very  simplicity,  and  leaves 
an  impression  upon  the  memory,  of  the  truths  it 
conveys,  as  clear  and  refreshing  as  its  own  purity. 
The  author's  position  secured  him  extraordinary  fa- 
cilities for  the  investigation  of  children's  diseases, 
and  his  powers  of  observation  and  discrimination 
have  enabled  him  to  make  the  most  of  these  great 
advantages. — Nashville  Medical  Journal. 


BY  THE  SAME  AUTHOR.      (Just  IsSUed) 

AN  ENQUIRY  INTO  THE  PATHOLOGICAL  IMPORTANCE  OF  ULCER- 
ATION OF  THE  OS  UTERI.  Being  the  Croonian  Lectures  for  the  year  1854.  In  one  neat 
octavo  volume,  extra  cloth. 


WILLIAMS  (C.   J.   B.),    M.D.,    F.  R.  S., 

Professor  of  Clinical  Medicine  in  University  College,  London,  &c. 

PRINCIPLES  OF  MEDICINE;  comprising  General  Pathology  and  Therapeu- 
tics, and  a  brief  general  view  of  Etiology,  Nosology,  Semeiology,  Diagnosis,  Prognosis,  and 
Hygienics.  Edited,  with  Additions,  by  Meredith  Cltmer,  M.  D.  Fourth  American,  from  the 
last  and  enlarged  London  edition.     In  one  octavo  volume,  of  476  pages.     [Lately  Issued.) 

It  possesses  the  strongest  claims  to  the  attention  of  the  medical  student  and  practitioner,  from 
the  admirable  manner  in  which,  the  various  inquiries  in  the  different  branches  of  pathology  are 
investigated,  combined,  and  generalized  by  an  experienced  practical  physician,  and  directly  applied 
to  the  investigation  and  treatment  of  disease. — Editor's  Preface. 


The  best  exposition  in  our  language,  or,  we  be- 
lieve, in  any  language,  of  rational  medicine,  in  its 
present  improved  and  rapidly  improving  state. — 
British  and  Foreign  Medico-Chirurg.  Review. 


Few  books  have  proved  more  useful,  or  met  with 
a  more  ready  sale  than  this,  and  no  practitioner 
should  regard  his  library  as  complete  v/ithout  it. 
— Ohio  Med.  and  Surg.  Journal. 


BY   the   same   author. 

A  PRACTICAL  TREATISE  ON  DISEASES   OF  THE  RESPIRATORY 

ORGANS;  including  Diseases  of  the  Larynx,  Trachea,  Lungs,  and  Pleurae.     With  numerous 
Additions  and  Notes,  by  M.  Clymer,  M.  D.    With  wood-cuts.     In  one  octavo  volume,  pp.  508. 


YOUATT  (WILLIAM),  V.  S. 
THE    HORSE.      A  new  edition,  with  numerous  illustrations;   together  with  a 

general  history  of  the  Horse;  a  Dissertation  on  the  American  Trotting  Horse;  how  Trained  and 
Jockeyed ;  an  Account  of  his  Remarkable  Performances ;  and  an  Essay  on  the  Ass  and  the  Mule. 
By  J.  S.  Skinner,  formerly  Assistant  Postmaster-General,  and  Editor  of  the  Turf  Register. 
One  large  octavo  volume. 

BY   the   same   author. 

THE   DOG.     Edited  by  E.  J.  Lewis,   M.  D.     With   numerous   and  beautiful 
illustrations.    In  one  very  handsome  volume,  crown  Svc,  crimson  cloth,  gilt. 


ILLUSTRATED  MEDICAL  CATALOGUE. 

BLANCHARD  &  LEA  have  now  ready  a  Catalogue  of  their  Medical,  Surgical,  and  Scien- 
tific Publications,  containing  descriptions  of  the  works,  with  Notices  of  the  Press,  and 
specimens  of  the  Illustrations,  making  a  pamphlet  of  sixty-four  large  octavo  pages.  It  has 
been  prepared  with  great  care,  and  without  regard  to  expense,  forming  one  of  the  most  beau- 
tiful specimens  of  typographical  execution  as  yet  issued  in  this  country.  Copies  will  be 
sent  by  mail,  and  the  postage  paid,  on  application  to  the  Publishers,  by  inclosing  two  three 
cent  postage  stamps. 

Catalogues  of  Blanchard  &  Lea's  numerous  Miscellaneous  and  Educational  Publicationa 
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COLUMBIA  UNIVERSITY  LIBRARIES 

This  book  is  due  on  the  date  indicated  ^>elow,  or  at  the 
expiration  of  a  definite  period  after  the  date  of  borrowing,  as 
provided  by  the  rules  of  the  Library  or  by  special  arrange- 
ment with  the  Librarian  in  charge. 

DATE  BORROWED 

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